document_title: Peter and the Wolf

question_text: where does peter and the wolf take place

text: Peter and the Wolf

text: Background[edit]

text: In 1936, Sergei Prokofiev was commissioned by Natalya Sats, the director of the Central Children's Theatre in Moscow, to write a musical symphony for children. Sats and Prokofiev had become acquainted after he visited her theatre with his sons several times.[1] The intent was to introduce children to the individual instruments of the orchestra. The first draft of the libretto was about a Young Pioneer (the Soviet version of a Boy Scout) called Peter who rights a wrong by challenging an adult. (This was a common theme in propaganda aimed at children in the USSR at the time.) However, Prokofiev was dissatisfied with the rhyming text produced by Antonina Sakonskaya, a then popular children's author. Prokofiev wrote a new version where Peter captures a wolf. As well as promoting desired Pioneer virtues such as vigilance, bravery and resourcefulness, the plot illustrates Soviet themes such as the stubbornness of the un-Bolshevik older generation (the grandfather) and the triumph of Man (Peter) taming Nature (the wolf).[2] Prokofiev produced a version for the piano in under a week, finishing it on April 15. The orchestration was finished on April 24. The work debuted at a children's concert in the main hall of the Moscow Conservatory with the Moscow Philharmonic on 2 May 1936. However, Sats was ill and the substitute narrator inexperienced, and the performance failed to attract much attention.[1][3][4][5] Later that month a much more successful performance with Sats narrating was given at the Moscow Pioneers Palace. The American premiere took place in March 1938, with Prokofiev himself conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra at Symphony Hall, Boston with Richard Hale narrating. By that time Sats was serving a sentence in the gulag, where she was sent after her lover Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky was shot in June 1937.[6]

text: Plot[edit]

text: Peter, a Young Pioneer,[7][8] lives at his grandfather's home in a forest clearing. One day, Peter goes out into the clearing, leaving the garden gate open, and the duck that lives in the yard takes the opportunity to go swimming in a pond nearby. The duck starts arguing with a little bird ("What kind of bird are you if you can't fly?" – "What kind of bird are you if you can't swim?"). Peter's pet cat stalks them quietly, and the bird—warned by Peter—flies to safety in a tall tree while the duck swims to safety in the middle of the pond.

text: Peter's grandfather scolds him for being outside in the meadow alone ("Suppose a wolf came out of the forest?"), and, when he defies him, saying: "Boys like me are not afraid of wolves", his grandfather takes him back into the house and locks the gate. Soon afterwards "a big, grey wolf" does indeed come out of the forest. The cat quickly climbs into a tree, but the duck, who has jumped out of the pond, is chased, overtaken, and swallowed by the wolf.

text: Peter fetches a rope and climbs over the garden wall into the tree. He asks the bird to fly around the wolf's head to distract it, while he lowers a noose and catches the wolf by its tail. The wolf struggles to get free, but Peter ties the rope to the tree and the noose only gets tighter.

text: Some hunters, who have been tracking the wolf, come out of the forest ready to shoot, but Peter gets them to help him take the wolf to a zoo in a victory parade (the piece was first performed for an audience of Young Pioneers during May Day celebrations) that includes himself, the bird, the hunters leading the wolf, the cat, and grumpy grumbling Grandfather ("What if Peter hadn't caught the wolf? What then?")

text: In the story's ending, the listener is told: "If you listen very carefully, you'll hear the duck quacking inside the wolf's belly, because the wolf in his hurry had swallowed her alive."

text: Performance directions[edit]

text: Prokofiev produced detailed performance notes in both English and Russian for Peter and the Wolf. According to the English version:

text: Each character of this tale is represented by a corresponding instrument in the orchestra: the bird by a flute, the duck by an oboe, the cat by a clarinet playing staccato in a low register, the grandfather by a bassoon, the wolf by three horns, Peter by the string quartet, the shooting of the hunters by the kettle drums and bass drum. Before an orchestral performance it is desirable to show these instruments to the children and to play on them the corresponding leitmotivs. Thereby, the children learn to distinguish the sonorities of the instruments during the performance of this tale.[9]

text: Instrumentation[edit]

text: Peter and the Wolf is scored for the following orchestra:[10]

text:
Brass: 3 horns in F, a trumpet in B♭ and a trombone
Percussion: timpani, a triangle, a tambourine, cymbals, castanets, a snare drum, and a bass drum
Strings: first and second violins, violas, violoncellos, and double basses
Woodwinds: a flute, an oboe, a clarinet in A, and a bassoon

text: Each character in the story has a particular instrument and a musical theme:[11]

text: Bird: flute

text: Duck: oboe

text: Cat: clarinet

text: Grandfather: bassoon

text: Wolf: French horns

text: Hunters: woodwind and trumpet theme, with gunshots on timpani and bass drum

text: Peter: string instruments (including violin, viola, cello, and bass)

text: A performance lasts about 25 minutes.[12]

text: Recordings[edit]

text: According to an article by Jeremy Nicholas of the classical music magazine Gramophone in 2015, the best overall recording of Peter and the Wolf is by the New Philharmonia Orchestra, narrated by Richard Baker and conducted by Raymond Leppard in 1954. Gramophone's best DVD version is the 2006 film by Suzie Templeton; its music is performed, without narrator, by the Philharmonia Orchestra conducted by Mark Stephenson.[13]

text:
Date
Narrator
Orchestra
Conductor
Label
Notes

2015
David Tennant
The Amazing Keystone Band

Le Chant du Monde

2015
Alice Cooper
Bundesjugendorchester
Alexander Shelley
Deutsche Grammophon

2012
Bramwell Tovey
Vancouver Symphony Orchestra
Bramwell Tovey

Video on YouTube

2011
Phillip Schofield
Orchestre national du Capitole de Toulouse
Michel Plasson
EMI

2008
Jacqueline du Pré[14]
English Chamber Orchestra
Daniel Barenboim
Deutsche Grammophon

2006
Colm Feore
Windsor Symphony Orchestra
John Morris Russell
Windsor Symphony Society
This recording has never been released commercially, but is only available via the WSO's website[15] or at the WSO's gift shop.

2005
Willie Rushton
London Philharmonic Orchestra
Siân Edwards
Classics for Pleasure

2003
Mikhail Gorbachev, Bill Clinton, Sophia Loren
Russian National Orchestra
Kent Nagano
PENTATONE PTC 5186011

2003
Antonio Banderas, Sophia Loren
Russian National Orchestra
Kent Nagano
PENTATONE PTC 5186014
In Spanish

2001
Sharon Stone
Orchestra of St. Luke's
James Levine
Deutsche Grammophon
as part of A Classic Tale: Music for Our Children (289 471 171–72, 2001)

2000
Lenny Henry
Nouvel Ensemble Instrumental Du Conservatoire National Supérieur De Paris
Jacques Pési
EMI

2000
David Attenborough
BBC Philharmonic
Yan Pascal Tortelier
BBC Music
for BBC Music Magazine; a free CD came with the June 2000 issue

1997
Anthony Dowell

Ross MacGibbon, director (video)

Film of a ballet performance, starring David Johnson, Layla Harrison, Karan Lingham[16]

1997
Dame Edna Everage
Melbourne Symphony Orchestra
John Lanchbery
Naxos Records

1996
Sir John Gielgud
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Andrea Licata
Intersound Recordings

1996
Ben Kingsley
London Symphony Orchestra
Sir Charles Mackerras
Cala Records

1994
Melissa Joan Hart
Boston Symphony Orchestra
Seiji Ozawa
Sony Classical
Hart was in her "Clarissa" persona from the Nickelodeon television series Clarissa Explains It All.

1994
Patrick Stewart
Orchestra of the Opéra National de Lyon
Kent Nagano
Erato

1994
Sting
Chamber Orchestra of Europe
Claudio Abbado
Deutsche Grammophon
This was used as the soundtrack to the television special Peter and the Wolf: A Prokofiev Fantasy.

1993
Peter Schickele
Atlanta Symphony Orchestra
Yoel Levi
Telarc
With a new text by Peter Schickele

1991
Oleg and Gabriel Prokofiev
New London Orchestra
Ronald Corp
Hyperion Records
The narrators were the son and grandson of the composer.

1989
Sir John Gielgud
Orchestra of the Academy of London
Richard Stamp
Virgin Classics
Sir John's royalties for this recording were donated to The League of Friends of Charity Heritage, a facility for physically handicapped children.

1989
Christopher Lee
English String Orchestra
Sir Yehudi Menuhin
Nimbus Records

1989
Sir Peter Ustinov
Philharmonia Orchestra
Philip Ellis
Cirrus Classics CBS CD 105

1989
Jonathan Winters
Philharmonia Orchestra
Efrem Kurtz
Angel Records
Winters also narrated the Saint-Saëns/Ogden Nash The Carnival of the Animals

1987
Paul Hogan
Orchestre de Paris
Igor Markevitch
EMI
It retained the traditional plot but transferred the locale to the Australian Outback. This recording was withdrawn soon after its release because of unflattering portrayals of Australia's aboriginal people and is now considered "out of print".

1987
Lina Prokofiev (Sergei Prokofiev's widow)
Royal Scottish National Orchestra
Neeme Järvi
Chandos Records

1986
Itzhak Perlman
Israel Philharmonic Orchestra
Zubin Mehta
EMI

1984
William F. Buckley, Jr.
Orchestra of Radio/TV Luxembourg
Leopold Hager
Proarte Digital Records

1984
Dudley Moore / Terry Wogan
Boston Pops Orchestra
John Williams
Philips
The American release (412 559–2) was narrated by Dudley Moore, while the UK release (412 556–2) featured Terry Wogan as narrator

1980
Tom Seaver
Cincinnati Pops Orchestra
Erich Kunzel
MMG

1979
Carol Channing
Cincinnati Pops Orchestra
Erich Kunzel
Caedmon Records TC-1623

1977
Cyril Ritchard
Philadelphia Orchestra
Eugene Ormandy
Columbia Records ML 5183

1978
David Bowie
Philadelphia Orchestra
Eugene Ormandy
RCA Red Seal
Bowie's recording reached number 136 on the US Pop Albums chart.

1975
Karlheinz Böhm
Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra
Karl Böhm
Deutsche Grammophon

1974
Will Geer
English Chamber Orchestra
Johannes Somary
Vanguard Records VSO-30033

1973
Mia Farrow
London Symphony Orchestra
André Previn
EMI ASD 2935

1972
Rob Reiner
studio orchestra
Jerry Yester
United Artists Records UAS-5646
Contemporary version by Carl Gottlieb and Rob Reiner; never released on CD

1972
George Raft
London Festival Orchestra
Stanley Black
Phase 4 Stereo SPC-21084
In this version, the story is reformulated as a gangster tale in the style of the Hollywood films that Raft had once acted in.

1971
Richard Baker
New Philharmonia Orchestra
Raymond Leppard
EMI

1970
Sir Ralph Richardson
London Symphony Orchestra
Sir Malcolm Sargent
Decca Records
Volume 5 of The World of the Great Classics series. This version is praised in various editions of The Stereo Record Guide as the finest recording and narration of the work ever made.

1968
Kyu Sakamoto
The Philharmonia orchestra
Herbert von Karajan
Angel Records
Narration in Japanese.

1966
Richard Attenborough
Philharmonia of Hamburg
Hans-Jurgen Walter
Columbia Records

1965
Sean Connery
Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Antal Doráti
Phase 4 Stereo

1965
Lorne Greene
London Symphony Orchestra
Sir Malcolm Sargent
RCA Victor

1960s
Garry Moore
Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra of London
Artur Rodziński
Whitehall WHS20040.[17]
The reverse side of this 12-inch LP record also features The Carnival of the Animals by Saint-Saëns with Garry Moore (narrator), Josef and Grete Dichler (duopianists), and the Vienna State Opera Orchestra conducted by Hermann Scherchen.

1960
Leonard Bernstein
New York Philharmonic
Leonard Bernstein
Columbia Records
The popularity of the group's televised Young People's Concerts made this an auspicious release

1960
Captain Kangaroo
Stadium Symphony Orchestra of New York
Leopold Stokowski
Everest Records SDBR-3043

1960
Beatrice Lillie
London Symphony Orchestra
Skitch Henderson
Decca Records

1959
José Ferrer
Vienna State Opera Orchestra
Sir Eugene Goossens
Kapp Records
Narrated in Spanish and English

1959
Michael Flanders
Philharmonia Orchestra
Efrem Kurtz
EMI Records

1957
Boris Karloff
Vienna State Opera Orchestra
Mario Rossi
Vanguard Records

1956
Peter Ustinov
Philharmonia Orchestra
Herbert von Karajan
Angel Records

1955
Arthur Godfrey
Andre Kostelanetz's Orchestra
Andre Kostelanetz
Columbia Records
mono recording; has never been issued on CD

1953
Victor Jory
unknown
Vicky Kosen
Peter Pan Records
mono recording; has never been issued on CD

1953
Alec Guinness
Boston Pops Orchestra
Arthur Fiedler
RCA Victor

1950
Milton Cross
Mario Janero, piano

Musicraft Records
4 78-rpm discs

1950
Eleanor Roosevelt
Boston Symphony Orchestra
Serge Koussevitzky
RCA Victor
mono recording

1949
Frank Phillips
London Philharmonic Orchestra
Nikolai Malko
Decca LX 3003[18]
Frank Phillips was a well-known BBC Radio newsreader

1946
Sterling Holloway

Disney
originally made for an episode in the 1946 film Make Mine Music

1941
Basil Rathbone
All-American Orchestra
Leopold Stokowski
Columbia Masterworks
Restored from original Masterworks set M-477 by Bob Varney[19]

1939
Richard Hale
Boston Symphony Orchestra
Serge Koussevitzky
RCA Victor

text: Adaptations of the work[edit]

text: Walt Disney, 1946[edit]

text: Peter and the Wolf (1946 film)

text: Prokofiev, while touring the West in 1938, visited Los Angeles and met Walt Disney. Prokofiev performed the piano version of Peter and the Wolf for "le papa de Mickey Mouse", as Prokofiev described him in a letter to his sons. Disney was impressed, and considered adding an animated version of Peter and the Wolf to Fantasia, which was to be released in 1940. Due to World War II, these plans fell through, and it was not until 1946 that Disney released his adaptation of Peter and the Wolf narrated by Sterling Holloway. It is not known if Prokofiev, by that point behind the Iron Curtain, was aware of this.[20] It was released theatrically as a segment of Make Mine Music, then reissued the next year, accompanying a reissue of Fantasia (as a short subject before the film), then separately on home video in the 1990s.[21] This version makes several changes to the original story. For example:

text:
During the character introduction, the pets are given names: "Sasha" the bird, "Sonia" the duck, and "Ivan" the cat.
As the cartoon begins, Peter and his friends already know there is a wolf nearby and are preparing to catch him.
The hunters get names in a later part of the story: "Misha", "Yasha", and "Vladimir".
Peter daydreams of hunting and catching the wolf, and for that purpose exits the garden carrying a wooden pop gun.
At the end, in a reversal of the original (and to make the story more child-friendly), the narrator reveals that the duck Sonia has not been eaten by the wolf. Earlier in the film, the wolf is shown chasing Sonia, who hides in an old tree's hollow trunk. The wolf attacks out of view and returns in view with some of her feathers in his mouth, licking his jaws. Peter, Ivan, and Sasha assume Sonia has been eaten. After the wolf has been caught, Sasha is shown mourning Sonia. She comes out of the tree trunk at that point, and they are happily reunited.

text: In 1957, for one of his television programs, Disney recalled how Prokofiev himself visited the Disney studio, eventually inspiring the making of this animated version. Disney used pianist Ingolf Dahl, who resembled Prokofiev, to re-create how the composer sat at a piano and played the themes from the score.[22][23]

text: British–Polish co-production, 2006[edit]

text: In 2006, Suzie Templeton and Hugh Welchman directed and produced respectively, a stop-motion animated adaptation, Peter & the Wolf. It is unusual in its lack of any dialogue or narration, the story being told only in images and sound and interrupted by sustained periods of silence. The soundtrack is performed by the Philharmonia Orchestra, and the film received its premiere with a live accompaniment in the Royal Albert Hall.[24] The film won the Annecy Cristal and the Audience Award at the 2007 Annecy International Animated Film Festival,[25] and won the 2008 Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film.[26] This version makes some changes to the original Prokofiev story; for example:

text:
Peter bumps into one of the "hunters" (teenage bullies in this telling) who throws him in a rubbish bin and aims at him with his rifle to scare him; the second hunter watches without interfering (thus, a dislike towards the hunter/bullies is immediately created).
Because of a broken wing, the bird has trouble flying and takes Peter's balloon to help it get aloft.
After Peter has captured the wolf in a net, the hunter gets him in his rifle's telescopic sight coincidentally, but just before shooting, the second hunter stumbles, falls on him and makes him miss the shot.
The caged wolf is brought into the village on a cart where Peter's grandfather tries to sell it. The hunter comes to the container and sticks his rifle in to intimidate the animal (as he did with Peter earlier on). At that time Peter throws the net on the hunter, who becomes tangled in it.
Before the grandfather has made a deal, Peter unlocks the cart after looking into the eyes of the wolf. They walk side by side through the awestruck crowd and then the freed wolf runs off in the direction of the silver moon shining over the forest.

text: Others[edit]

text: This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture rather than simply listing appearances; add references to reliable sources if possible. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2017)

text: Up to 1959[edit]

text: In 1958, a videotaped television special entitled Art Carney Meets Peter and the Wolf, with Art Carney as main entertainer, along with the Bil Baird Marionettes, was presented by the American Broadcasting Company, and was successful enough to have been repeated twice. The show had an original storyline in which Carney interacted with some talking marionette animals, notably the wolf, who was the troublemaker of the group. This first half was presented as a musical, with adapted music from Lieutenant Kijé and other Prokofiev works which had special English lyrics fitted into them. The program then segued into a complete performance of Peter and the Wolf, played exactly as written by the composer, and "mimed" by both "human" and "animal" marionettes. The conclusion of the program again featured Carney interacting with the animal marionettes. The show was nominated for three Emmy Awards.

text:
Circa 1960, Hans Conried recorded the narration with a Dixieland musical band. Since there is no oboe in a Dixieland band, the part of the duck was played by a saxophone.[27]
The Clyde Valley Stompers recorded a jazz version on Parlophone Records (45-R 4928) in 1962, which registered on the popular music charts of the time.[28]
Allan Sherman parodied the work in the album Peter and the Commissar (1964), made with Arthur Fiedler and the Boston Pops Orchestra.[29]
In 1966, Hammond organ player "The Incredible Jimmy Smith" performed an improvisation without narration based on the original themes and arranged by Oliver Nelson.[30]
In 1969, American-Canadian filmmaker Caroline Leaf used sand animation to adapt the work in Sand or Peter and the Wolf, her first film.

text: The Rock Peter and the Wolf is an album by Jack Lancaster and Robin Lumley released in 1975. Performers on the album include Jack Lancaster, Robin Lumley, Gary Brooker, Bill Bruford, Phil Collins, Julie Driscoll, Stephane Grappelli, Jon Hiseman, Brian Eno, Alvin Lee, Gary Moore, Cozy Powell, Manfred Mann, Keith Tippett, Viv Stanshall, and the English Chorale.

text:
The 1983 film A Christmas Story features music from Peter and the Wolf prominently during scenes of the character Scott Farkus bullying other characters. The surname Farkus is a variation of farkas, which is Hungarian for "wolf".
Justin Locke wrote a 1985 sequel to the story, using the original score. Peter VS. the Wolf is the Wolf's trial, where he defends himself against the charge of "Duckicide in the first degree, with one gulp." The original music is presented as evidence, but then the Wolf calls individual musicians to the stand and cross-examines them. It requires five actors for a stage presentation.[31]
In 1985, Arnie Zane choreographed a punk music ballet version of Peter and the Wolf.[32]
In 1988, "Weird Al" Yankovic and Wendy Carlos produced a comedic version, using a synthesized orchestra and many additions to the story and music (e.g., Peter captures the wolf using his grandfather's dental floss, leading to the moral of the story: "Oral hygiene is very important").[33]
In 1989, in an episode of the Muppet Babies entitled, "Skeeter and the Wolf", Skeeter fills in for Peter, Gonzo is the bird, Scooter is the cat, Fozzie is the duck, Nanny is the grandparent, and Kermit and Piggy are the hunters.

text:
A 1990 episode of Tiny Toon Adventures titled "Buster and the Wolverine" featured Elmyra Duff providing narration for a story wherein Buster Bunny and his friends, represented with musical instruments, combat an evil "wolverine". In this episode, the characters' instruments are: Buster Bunny, a trumpet; Babs Bunny, a harp; Furrball, a violin; Sweetie, a flute; Hamton J. Pig, a tuba; Plucky Duck, a bike horn (later, bagpipes, then an organ, and finally a synthesizer); and the wolverine, drums.[34]
Peter Schickele (aka P. D. Q. Bach), wrote an alternate, comedic text for the score entitled Sneaky Pete and the Wolf, converting the story into a Western, including a showdown between Sneaky Pete and the gunslinger El Lobo (which never happens due to some local boys' giving El Lobo a hotfoot and sticking a paper airplane in his eye, and Sneaky Pete's girlfriend Laura rendering El Lobo unconscious with a vacuum cleaner). It was recorded with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra, conducted by Yoel Levi, in 1993.[35]
In the 1993 Simpsons episode "Krusty Gets Kancelled", guest star Hugh Hefner plays a portion of Peter and the Wolf on wine glasses.
In 1995, a 60-minute television film was made with a mix of live-action, animation, and characters from the story designed by Chuck Jones.[36] The film featured Kirstie Alley (as the narrator), Lloyd Bridges (as the grandfather), and Ross Malinger (as Peter), in a live-action "wraparound" segment. The version debuted on ABC on 8 December 1995. This version keeps the duck-friendly ending by having the swallowed duck pop out of the wolf's mouth alive, well, and dancing as the wolf is being captured. The wolf, described as "not a ballet fan", grabs the duck again before being forced to drop him by the hunters. As the story ends, Peter finds the duck crouching at the pond's edge, shivering and frightened because of his terrible experience, and Peter reassures it that he will always be there to protect it. This version even places the bird as a mother, with six eggs that hatch near the ending. The music for this version was performed by the RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra conducted by George Daugherty. The version received a 1996 Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Children's Program and received a second Emmy nomination for Daugherty, for Outstanding Music Direction. Daugherty (also one of the writers) and Janis Diamond received a Writers Guild of America Award nomination for the script. The production received a Gold Hugo and Silver Hugo at Chicago International Film Festival.
During September 1996, Coldcut (a duo of scratch/mix DJs from south London) released a scratch version of the main theme, included on the track "More Beats + Pieces", from their album Let Us Play!.[37]
Matthew Hart choreographed Peter and the Wolf for television in 1997, performed by the dancers of the Royal Ballet School and narrated by Sir Anthony Dowell (who also danced the role of "The Grandfather").[16]

text:
In 2001, National Public Radio produced Peter and the Wolf: A Special Report, which treats the familiar plot as if it were a developing news story. Robert Siegel, Linda Wertheimer, Ann Taylor, and Steve Inskeep of NPR's All Things Considered report on the event against a performance of the score by the Virginia Symphony Orchestra conducted by JoAnn Falletta.[38]
Sesame Workshop produced a version with Sesame Street characters in 2000, as told by way of a trip to a Boston Pops Orchestra concert. Dubbed as "Elmo's Musical Adventure", the story unfolds inside Baby Bear's imagination as he attends a performance with Papa Bear, conducted by Keith Lockhart. In the story, Peter is played by Elmo, the cat by Oscar the Grouch, the duck by Telly Monster, the bird by Zoe, the grandfather by Big Bird, and the hunters by the Two-Headed Monster. Each character is followed around by a soloist playing that character's instrument, but Telly Monster's "Duck" quits the story after learning the wolf eats the duck. (He returns as one of the hunters later.)
In February 2004, ex-president Bill Clinton, Mikhail Gorbachev, and Sophia Loren won a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for narrating the album Peter and the Wolf/Wolf Tracks. This recording was performed by the Russian National Orchestra conducted by Kent Nagano and included Ms. Loren narrating Peter and the Wolf and Clinton narrating The Wolf and Peter by Jean-Pascal Beintus, which is also a narrated orchestral piece, but the story is told from the perspective of the wolf and has the theme of letting animals live in peace.[39]
In 2004, Russian model Tatiana Sorokko performed with the Russian National Orchestra on tour in the United States.[40][citation needed]
In 2004, the Shirim Klezmer Orchestra recorded a klezmer version of Peter and the Wolf, called Pincus and the Pig: A Klezmer Tale. The recording was narrated by Maurice Sendak and featured his illustrations.[41]
In 2005, theatre organist Jelani Eddington performed and recorded with narrator George Woods the only existing theatre organ adaptation of Peter and the Wolf.[42]
Psy-trance artist Eliad Grundland released a musical interpretation of the work, as Space Buddha, titled "Land of The Wolves", on his album Full Circle (2006).[43]
In 2006, Neil Tobin produced a Halloween-themed narrative called Peter and the Werewolf with the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, John Lanchbery conducting.[44][citation needed]
In 2009, an Angelina Ballerina: The Next Steps episode named "Angelina's Musical Day", Angelina and her friends do a school play of Peter and the Wolf.
In 2009, musical group Project Trio released their second studio album, Brooklyn, on which a modernized version of the story was recorded. All three members narrate.[45]

text:
In 2010, Denver musicians Munly and the Lupercalians released Petr & the Wulf, an alternative take on the original story. Told from the different perspectives of all the characters: Grandfater, Petr, Scarewulf, Cat, Bird, The Three Hunters, Duk, and Wulf. Released on the Alternative Tentacles label.[46]
In 2012, ITV used a version of the main theme as the title music for their coverage of the European Football Championships, because Prokofiev was born in present-day Ukraine, one of the host countries.[47]
In 2013, filmmaker Wes Hurley premiered his short film Peter and the Wolf – a graphic adult version of the story featuring Peter as a gay werewolf-hunter and imagery inspired by Tom of Finland.[48][49]
In 2015, a recording done on the Walt Disney Concert Hall organ, arranged by Josh Perschbacher, and narrated by Michael Barone (host of the radio program Pipedreams from American Public Media)[50]
In 2015, the New England Jazz Ensemble (with the Wallingford Symphony Orchestra) debuted pianist Walter Gwardyak's jazz arrangement of Peter and the Wolf for big band. It is set to be recorded in summer of 2015. Narration written and performed by vocalist Giacomo Gates.[51]

text: In copyright law[edit]

text: In 2012, the US Supreme Court's decision in Golan v. Holder restored copyright protection in the United States to numerous foreign works that had entered the public domain. Peter and the Wolf was frequently cited by the parties and amici, as well as by the Court's opinion and by the press, as an example of a well-known work that would be removed from the public domain by the decision.[52]


document_title: Mackenzie Mountains

question_text: where are the mackenzie mountains located on a map

root

text: Mackenzie Mountains

text:
Mackenzie Mountains

Keele Peak, 2005

Highest point

Peak
Keele Peak

Elevation
2,972 m (9,751 ft)

Coordinates
63°25′53″N 130°19′26″W / 63.43139°N 130.32389°W / 63.43139; -130.32389

Geography

Country
Canada

Territories
Yukon and Northwest Territories

Range coordinates
64°N 128°W / 64°N 128°W / 64; -128Coordinates: 64°N 128°W / 64°N 128°W / 64; -128

tag: table

text: The Mackenzie Mountains are a mountain range forming part of the Yukon-Northwest Territories boundary between the Liard and Peel rivers. The range is named in honour of Canada's second prime minister[citation needed], Alexander Mackenzie, as well as the explorer. Nahanni National Park Reserve is in the Mackenzie Mountains.

tag: p

text: The Mackenzie Mountains hold about 55% of the world's known reserves of tungsten.[citation needed] The mining town of Tungsten, site of the Cantung Mine is in the Mackenzie Mountains. Only two roads lead into the Mackenzie Mountains, both in the Yukon: the Nahanni Range Road leading to the townsite of Tungsten and the Canol Road leading to the Macmillan Pass.

text: The highest mountain in this range is Keele Peak at 2,972 m (9,751 ft). The second highest mountain is Mount Nirvana. It is, at 2,773 m (9,098 ft), the highest mountain in the Northwest Territories.

text: The Silurian fish family Archipelepididae has been described from specimens found in the Mackenzie Mountains.[1]


document_title: Paranormal Activity 2

question_text: who plays the daughter in paranormal activity 2

text: Paranormal Activity 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: August 2006, a "burglary" occurs at the home of Kristi (Sprague Grayden) and Daniel Rey (Brian Boland). The entire house is trashed except for their infant son Hunter's bedroom. Daniel installs security cameras throughout the house after the vandalism, which capture many strange occurrences. Martine (Vivis Cortez), the Hispanic family housekeeper and nanny, goes into Hunter's room after hearing a loud bang and senses a demonic presence in his room. She takes him downstairs and attempts to cleanse the house of "evil spirits", but when Daniel arrives home and catches her burning sage, Martine is fired.

text: Kristi believes that their home is haunted and tells Daniel. Daniel reviews the footage but dismisses her claims. Kristi talks to her sister Katie (Katie Featherston) about being tormented by a demon when they were little girls. Daniel's daughter, Ali (Molly Ephraim), begins investigating the mysterious occurrences and discovers that humans can make deals with demons for wealth or power by forfeiting the soul of their first-born son. She also discovers that Hunter was the first male to be born on Kristi's side since the 1930s.

text: The violence quickly escalates; the family's German shepherd, Abby, becomes aware of the demon's presence and is attacked. Daniel and Ali take Abby to the veterinarian, leaving Kristi alone with Hunter. When Kristi checks on the baby, the demon assaults her and drags her down to the basement, where she stays for an hour. Finally, the basement door opens and a possessed Kristi walks out. The following day, Ali is home with Kristi, who will not get out of bed. She finds the basement door covered in scratches and the word meus (Latin for "Mine"), etched into it.

text: Ali goes upstairs to check on Hunter and sees Kristi there, with a strange bite mark on her leg. When Ali tries to get Hunter, Kristi furiously orders her not to touch him. Now terrified, Ali begs Daniel to come home. After he arrives, she shows him the footage of Kristi's attack. He immediately calls Martine, who prepares a cross to exorcise the demon; and tells them that Kristi will have no memory of being possessed. Since the curse can only be transferred to a blood relative, Daniel tells Ali he is going to pass the demon onto Katie, so that Kristi and Hunter will be safe. Ali begs him not to because it is unfair to Katie, but Daniel sees no other way to save his wife and son.

text: That night, when Daniel tries to use the cross on Kristi, she attacks him, and all the house lights go out. Using the handheld camera's night vision he finds that Kristi and Hunter have disappeared. Furniture starts to topple over, and the chandeliers begin to shake. Daniel chases Kristi into the basement, where she attacks him. After he touches her with the cross she collapses and the house shakes violently. Daniel hears demonic growls and screams and finally, the shaking stops. Daniel puts Kristi to bed and burns a photo of a young Katie (the same photo Micah Sloat later finds in the attic of his and Katie's house in the first film).

text: Three weeks later, Katie visits and explains that strange things have started happening at her house. She then returns home to her boyfriend Micah. On October 9, the night after Micah is killed, a possessed Katie breaks into Daniel and Kristi's home and kills Daniel by snapping his neck while he watches TV. She then kills Kristi in Hunter's room, violently hurling her at the camera, and takes the baby. She leaves, cradling Hunter, and the screen fades to black as Hunter's crying turns into laughter.

text: An epilogue text states that Ali was on a school trip, and she found the bodies of Daniel and Kristi upon her return home and that Katie and Hunter's whereabouts remain unknown.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sprague Grayden as Kristi Rey
Brian Boland as Daniel Rey, Kristi's husband
Molly Ephraim as Ali Rey, Daniel's daughter
Katie Featherston as Katie, Kristi's sister
Micah Sloat as Micah, Katie's boyfriend
Seth Ginsberg as Brad, Ali's boyfriend
Vivis Cortez as Martine, the nanny / housekeeper
Jackson Xenia Prieto and William Juan Prieto as Hunter Rey, Daniel and Kristi's infant son

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Paramount and DreamWorks hired screenwriter Michael R. Perry to create Paranormal Activity 2. Oren Peli, the director of the first film, served as a producer for this prequel.[5] Kevin Greutert, director of Saw VI, was initially hired to direct the prequel; however, Lions Gate Entertainment exercised a clause in Greutert's contract to have him direct the final film in the Saw franchise.[6] Both of the actors from the first film, Katie Featherston and Micah Sloat, reprise their roles in the prequel.[7] Tod Williams directed Paranormal Activity 2, which started production in May 2010 and finished filming in only three weeks.[8]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In a special promotion set up by the film's producers, participants had a chance to win a free movie ticket if they were in the top twenty cities to demand the film, via Eventful.com.[9] The teaser trailer was seen with The Twilight Saga: Eclipse upon its release on June 30, 2010.[10] Cinemark pulled the trailer from several Texas theaters after receiving complaints that it was too frightening.[11] In Mexico, it was attached to the 3D version of Resident Evil: Afterlife. A second theatrical trailer was released on October 1, 2010. The trailer was attached to Devil, My Soul to Take and Jackass 3D.[12]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released in the United States on October 22, 2010. The film was made available in IMAX format as well as standard.[13]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Based on 132 reviews collected by Rotten Tomatoes, Paranormal Activity 2 has an overall 58% approval rating from critics, with an average score of 6/10. Rotten Tomatoes states that "Paranormal Activity 2 doesn't cover any new ground, but its premise is still scary—and in some respects, it's a better film than the original." Artist Direct calls it "one of the scariest films of all time."[14] Entertainment Weekly said that the film "blends shock and suspense and smart and scary"[citation needed]; reviewer Owen Gleiberman called it a "shivery-skillful, highly worthy fear-factor sequel" and wrote, "The images all point down, which is subtly disquieting, and each one is composed with enough wide-angle space and distance, and enough nooks and crannies, so that even when nothing is happening, the often dead-silent shots tend to grow scarier the more you look at them... It made me jump, sweat, and chew my fingernails."[15] Positive reviews tend to view the film as effectively frightening, whereas negative and mixed reviews focus on the movie's perceived slow start.[16] By comparison, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the film has received a "mixed or average" score of 53, based on 23 reviews.[17] Roger Ebert, who awarded the original film three and a half stars, awarded Paranormal Activity 2 one-and-a-half out of a possible four stars.[18]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Paranormal Activity 2 broke the record for biggest midnight gross for an R-rated film with $6.3 million, beating the previous record-holder Watchmen by $4.6 million, and broke the record for biggest opening for a horror movie of all time.[19] On its opening day, Paranormal Activity 2 placed number one at the box office, making $20,100,000 and finished with a total of $41,500,000 estimated over the weekend, placing first at the box office.[20] It has currently grossed $84,752,907 in North America and $92,759,125 overseas, giving the film a worldwide total of $177,512,032.[3]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Paranormal Activity 2 was released on DVD/Blu-ray and video on demand/pay-per-view on February 8, 2011, and includes an unrated director's cut and deleted scenes. Paranormal Activity 2 was placed at #1 for top Blu-ray and rental sales for its first week of being out.[21]

text: Sequels and spin-off[edit]

text: Paranormal Activity 3 is a 2011 American supernatural horror film, directed by Henry Joost and Ariel Schulman. It is the third film of the Paranormal Activity series and serves as a prequel, set 18 years prior to the events of the first two films. It was released in theaters on October 21, 2011.

text: The fourth installment, Paranormal Activity 4, was released on October 18, 2012 in the United States. It was planned to take place five years after the events of Paranormal Activity 2. Katie and Hunter have reappeared and live in a house across the street from Alex and Wyatt. Alex and her family begin experiencing paranormal events taking place in their own home. "Toby" is mentioned once in the film, said by Ben. [22] Although a box office success, Paranormal Activity 4 was a critical failure.

text: A spin-off Paranormal Activity: The Marked Ones and the sequel to the fourth film Paranormal Activity: The Ghost Dimension, were released in 2014 and 2015 respectively.


document_title: Tara Knowles

question_text: when do tara and jax get back together

question_tokens: when do tara and jax get back together

text: Tara Knowles

text: Biography[edit]

text: Early life[edit]

text: Tara is a native of Charming, California. (She said her heritage was half-Irish.) Her mother died when Tara was nine, and according to ATF Agent Stahl, Tara had a "drunk daddy", whom Tara described as a "bit of a packrat". Tara was Jax Teller's high-school sweetheart, and during that era she had a crow tattooed on her lower back representing her connection to SAMCRO. Tara was arrested in Jax's company at least three times in 1996. She left town when Jax was 19, in order to get away from small-town life and the influence of the club. According to his mother Gemma, this broke Jax's heart.

text: After leaving Charming, Tara moved in with a cousin of her father's, who lived in San Diego, studied at UC San Diego, and graduated with honors. She then attended medical school in Chicago (either Feinberg Medical School at Northwestern University, according to her file in "Fun Town", or "Loyola Med" according to Agent Stahl in "Better Half") where she was at the top of her class, then she completed an internship at Chicago Presbyterian.

text: While in Chicago, Tara dated ATF agent Joshua Kohn, and got pregnant, and had an abortion at six weeks. Kohn became intimidating, violent, and obsessive, so she took out a restraining order against him several months before she returned to Charming, after an absence of 10 years.

text: Season 1[edit]

text: Tara works as a Pediatric resident at the local hospital, St. Thomas. It is there that she tends to Jax's gravely ill infant son Abel during Abel's hospitalization.

text: Tara lives in her childhood home, which she inherited from her father when he died. She also drives a Cutlass her father had parked in the garage under "two tons of old newspapers".

text: Tara's relationship with Jax upon her return to Charming is based primarily on their mutual concern for gravely ill Abel. Her psychotic ex-boyfriend Agent Kohn comes to Charming under the pretext of investigating SAMCRO, but is really there because he wants to resume his relationship with Tara. Afraid for her life, Tara seeks Jax's help in driving off Kohn. Jax stabs Kohn's car on her behalf, beats him bloody in an altercation at Floyd's barber shop, and then escorts him out of town. When Kohn returns in the dead of night and attacks Tara in her home, she shoots him in the gut and calls Jax for help.

text: When Jax arrives he is furious about the attack and shoots Agent Kohn in the head. Tara and Jax then fall into each other's arms and make love while Kohn's iPod plays the Andy Williams song "Can't Get Used to Losing You" on a continuous loop.

text: Following the killing of Kohn, Jax and Tara seem to settle into a largely healthy and positive romantic relationship. Tara spends more time with Jax at the clubhouse, plays nice with Gemma, and works to heal wounded club associate Cameron Hayes.

text: The Jax-Tara relationship soon seems to disintegrate after his ex-wife Wendy returns from rehab. In the penultimate season-one episode "The Sleep of Babies", Tara is seen sleeping alone while Jax and Wendy make love. In the final episode of the first season, "The Revelator", Tara tells Jax that she has arranged to return to Chicago as she does not believe she is cut out for life in Charming. This angers Jax, and he storms off. At the end of the episode Tara is seen to have changed her mind, and she turns up at Donna's funeral, where she and Jax share a kiss.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: Season two shows Tara officially becoming Jax's "old lady" and becoming integrated into the club's world. After Gemma is raped, she turns to Tara for medical help. Tara encourages Gemma to seek out counseling to deal with the psychological repercussions of the attack but Gemma is reluctant. Tara's help with Gemma combined with her efforts at raising Abel begins to heal the rift between Tara and Gemma. Tara's connection with Jax and SAMCRO, on the other hand, causes problems for her at work. When Gemma accidentally breaks Tara's nose after being startled, Margaret Murphy (a hospital administrator) assumes that Jax is responsible and warns Tara about the possible repercussions of being associated with SAMCRO. Later, Margaret files a "hostile work environment" complaint against Tara after Gemma confronts the administrator about the hospital's desire to move Chibs to another facility because of an insurance issue. Chibs later falsely complains of head pain and is able to stay at the hospital. Margaret accuses Tara of coaching Chibs with his symptoms and has Tara's privileges suspended.

text: When Jax decides that he wanted to go nomad, Tara is upset that he made the decision without consulting her. However, unlike everyone else connected to the club, she feels like it might be the right decision given the tension between Jax and Clay.

text: Gemma lets Tara know that as Jax's "old lady", Tara has considerable prestige and respect in the club when other women in the club defer to her, and that she shouldn't "take any shit" from anyone. Later, Tara confronts Margaret. The altercation turns violent and Tara then chokes and punches her. She tells Margaret, "I know where you live, I know where your kids go to school" and informs her that the cops are on SAMCRO's payroll and that the club runs Charming. Tara advises Margaret to keep her mouth shut and retract her complaint. Margaret immediately agrees.

text: In the season two finale, Tara attempts to convince Gemma to not get revenge on those that raped her, but is unsuccessful. She is present at Jax's home when Cameron Hayes appears, and is tied to a chair by him before he kidnaps Abel Teller. Tara is untied by Jax and tells him what has happened to his son. Jax and the rest of the club unsuccessfully try to save Abel while Tara is later seen being consoled by Deputy David Hale.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: Tara is still saddened by the loss of Abel. As time goes by, Jax continues to push her away with increasing vehemence. She feels Jax is pushing her away because he blames her for not preventing Abel's kidnapping. She visits a fugitive Gemma and helps her kill Gemma's father's caretaker. Tig helps the two of them cover it up. Tara later reveals to Gemma that she is six weeks pregnant.

text: After Jax leaves Tara, she catches him with CaraCara porn star, Ima. Tara then starts packing her things at Jax's house. He apologizes for what she saw earlier, but she feels he wanted her to see it, because he wants her gone and knew it was the one thing that would drive her away. She expresses that she thinks he is doing this because he hates her for what happened to Abel. Jax says that it is to protect her, but Tara doesn't believe him. When Jax goes after her, she is already pulling out of the driveway. As Tara leaves Jax's house it is shown that the recently ousted Calaveras MC leader, Hector Salazar, has been secretly stalking her and Jax.

text: Tara considers having an abortion, as she believes Jax is not ready for another child. Gemma tries to convince Tara to wait until Jax gets back from Belfast and look into Abel's eyes before she does anything. Gemma wants Tara to try to mend the relationship, because Jax hasn't been thinking clearly since Abel's abduction. Tara ultimately helps Gemma escape police custody so Gemma can go with Clay and Jax to Belfast.

text: Lyla asks Tara if she knows of any clinics that conduct abortions. When she goes with Lyla to have the procedure, they have a conversation about why Lyla is having the abortion. It turns out Lyla is having the same problems with Opie. He won't open up to her in fear of what might happen. Lyla also feels the baby is an inconvenience because she wants to continue working as a porn star. After the conversation, Tara schedules an abortion for herself, as well. Later, Tara reveals to Margaret Murphy that she is going to have an abortion; Margaret agrees it is a good idea and offers to drive Tara to the clinic. On the way, Salazar stages a car accident and abducts Margaret and Tara.

text: While Tara and Margaret are being held by Salazar, he becomes upset when his hostage demands aren't met and threatens to kill Margaret. Tara tries to persuade him not to and when he doesn't listen to her, she causes a distraction. She attacks Salazar's girlfriend and tries to get away. Salazar kicks her hard in the stomach. He goes to kick her a second time but stops when Tara tells him that she is pregnant.

text: When Tara gets a chance to go to the bathroom, she breaks off a piece of a mirror to use as a weapon. When Salazar's girlfriend breaks into the bathroom, Tara cuts her neck and almost escapes with Margaret, but Salazar stops them. After a stand off, Tara tells him his girlfriend is in the bathroom bleeding badly. She says she will keep his girlfriend alive if he lets Margaret go. When Salazar's girlfriend dies in the car, he throws Tara against the car and puts a gun to her head.

text: Salazar takes Tara to Jacob Hale's office, where he takes Hale hostage as well. When he gives his list of demands, one of them is for Jax to come to Hale's office. Tara sees Salazar pull out a knife, and he tells her he plans to kill her while Jax watches and then kill Jax. As Jax enters the office, Salazar is about to kill Tara, but Jacob Hale stabs him instead. Jax wrestles the gun from Salazar, gives it to Tara, and tells her to kill anyone who is not a cop. When the whole ordeal is over with Jax and Tara go to the doctor for an ultrasound to make sure the baby was not harmed. The baby is healthy and Jax and Tara hear the heartbeat and see the baby on the ultrasound. Jax and Tara then go to Gemma's house where Gemma hugs her. Tara sees Abel and happily holds him and welcomes him back home. In the season finale, Tara has become more involved with the club. She drives Jimmy O back to the garage in the trunk after SAMCRO buys him from the Russians. Jax makes sure that she wears a bulletproof vest to ensure her safety in case something goes wrong. When Stahl tells the club about the deal Jax made with her, which was actually a trap by the club to kill Stahl and Jimmy, she runs and hugs him distraught and fearing that the club will kill him in prison. In the closing minute of the season 3 finale, Tara reads letters from John Teller to his mistress Maureen Ashby implying that Gemma and Clay would be responsible for his death should it happen. The close up shot of Tara's face transitions to Jax's face, thus ending season 3.

text: Between Season 3 and Season 4[edit]

text: Bridge between end of Season 3 and beginning of Season 4: By the end of season 3 when Jax and the other Samcro members were hauled off to prison, Tara is a little over 8 weeks pregnant. However, in a special feature "appisode" (titled: Tara and Piney)- that took place day 85 of Jax's incarceration; a pregnant Tara is shown about 5 months along. In this appisode, Tara goes to Piney for information on John Teller's death but is rebuked and told not to investigate further and that the past was "dead and buried" . In another special "appisode" (titled: Second Son) - which bridges the gap between seasons; Tara and Gemma visit Jax in prison. Tara has just given birth to baby Thomas, and she brings the baby to meet Jax for the first time. Jax is overjoyed. He apologizes for missing the delivery and promises he wouldn't miss anything important ever again.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: At the beginning of Season 4 Tara is waiting to greet Jax on his return home. When Jax arrives he and Tara spend a little time with Abel and Thomas before Jax has to go inside the clubhouse for a meeting. When Tara and Jax meet at their house later, they waste no more time and begin making love. Jax then proposes to Tara by putting a ring on their son Thomas's finger. Before Tara can fully accept they have a serious talk about the future of their family. Jax explains that he is done with SAMCRO, but he has to stay until Clay steps down as president because he and Gemma won't let Jax walk away without conflict. He does assure her that as soon as Clay retires and once he has saved enough money to avoid living off his wife he will leave SAMCRO and they will start fresh as a normal family.

text: Later, at Opie and Lyla's wedding, Jax is the best man and Tara is the maid of honor. The next day Tara and Jax are having breakfast with their sons when they see on the news a story about four dead bodies found at the construction site of Charming Heights. She asks Jax to tell her all he knows about it. He tells her it was retaliation for him getting stabbed in prison. Later on she encounters Gemma in her office who asks why Tara is not wearing her engagement ring. Tara simply tells Gemma that she and Jax are just waiting for the right time to tell everyone. Later at the clubhouse a distraught Tara is reunited with Jax after he is rescued from the Russians. There she discovers, along with Jax, that the clubhouse had been trashed by Sheriff Roosevelt. To lighten up the mood she decides to announce the engagement.

text: During the season (and before) Tara has become more fearful of the consequences of being involved with SAMCRO and increasingly begins to think about the effect it will have on her son. This leads Tara to make the decision of leaving town with her son until things settle down. Tara is also conflicted about the letters from Maureen Ashby. Gemma has found out she has them and tries most of the season to obtain them and destroy them. Piney also shows interest in them as a way to blackmail Clay, but Tara keeps them protected. Clay finds out about the letters and he is so fearful of them getting out, that he takes out a hit on her life from Romeo. Eventually after confronting Gemma about the letters, Tara admits that she is not capable of showing the letters to Jax, feeling that if he knew who his father truly was, Jax would get deeper into the club out of guilt, therefore getting him further from her.

text: Tara eventually heads to a medical conference in Oregon and takes Abel and Thomas with her, most likely for an indefinite stay. Jax accompanies her and on the way there the assassins hired by Clay try to kill her. Tara survives thanks to Jax, however during the fight her right hand gets smashed in a van door. Her hand is repaired, but the nerves are terribly damaged. Her doctor affirms it is unknown if it is permanent but she feels otherwise and believes her career to be over. Jax, extremely upset himself, tries to comfort her, but Tara has become distant and asks him to leave her alone. She feels that now their future is set and they will never get out of Charming. She's later encouraged by Jax that everything will go as they had planned, which Tara barely believes.

text: During the day she's visited by Jax's ex-wife Wendy, who makes it clear that she wants to know Abel better, as she gave up custody but not the right to know him. This unnerves Tara who feels she is Abel's true mother and becomes fearful that Wendy will take him away from her. Wendy leaves her number and Tara smashes the vase of flowers, screaming in anger. She's later put under psych watch and restrained to her bed. Jax begins to feel at a loss as how to take care of and comfort her.

text: Later Gemma comes to see her and confesses that it was Clay who wanted her dead because of the letters, which she gives to Gemma. She reveals later to Gemma that she was fully aware of her plan to have Clay killed by Jax and hide the letters that involve her and Unser, to prompt Jax to stay as President. Tara gives Jax a blood thinner to inject into Clay, who is recuperating at St. Thomas. She then tells Jax, in front of Gemma, that he will kill Clay and come get her and the boys, so they can leave Charming forever. This plan fails as Jax is forced to stay due to the influence of Romeo Parada and Luis Torres who are undercover CIA agents. They need SAMCRO to provide weapons and transport drugs or they will crush the club. Understanding that Jax has to become President, Tara decides to remain with him. In the season finale, with Gemma watching Tara stands behind Jax at the head of the table, one arm draped around him, mirroring a photo of Gemma and John Teller.

text: Season 5[edit]

text: The season begins with Tara's hand in a cast unable to perform surgeries. Despite losing ability to operate, she supports Jax as President of SAMCRO. The couple lacks certainty of "where it all goes," but Jax is clear that "no matter what happens, I want you to be my wife." Tara mocks the romanticism of a spontaneous wedding at Diosa to which Jax jokes, "I killed a Fed for you ... nothing says endless love like capital murder." A judge marries them in a quick ceremony with wedding rings that belonged to Gemma and JT. Tension rises between Tara and Gemma over controlling the family. Tara places Abel and Thomas in hospital daycare with Jax's support. Tara gains power by shutting out Gemma, who is not on visitor list at first. Gemma tries to hurt Tara by using Wendy to threaten a custody suit. Tara stands firm by warning Gemma not to hurt her or her family or Jax "might kill you." Tara strategically plans squashing RICO case with Lowen, Bobby and Jax. She volunteers at Stockton State Prison and asks Otto to recant his RICO statement.

text: Tara extends an olive branch to Gemma by placing her on daycare visitor's list and allowing her to watch the boys. Gemma is stoned when she wrecks her car with Abel and Thomas in the backseat. Tara punches Gemma when she confesses to being high while driving with the boys. Tara's fears intensify over the increasing threats to her family; she starts to defend and protect them in Gemma-like ways. Tara cuts her out of the family, but agrees to let Gemma back in if she helps Jax with getting intel from Clay on plot to undermine his leadership. Tara receives good prognosis for her hand and gets recruited for a surgical job in Oregon. Meanwhile, Otto agrees to Tara's plea on RICO if she will bring him Luann's crucifix.

text: Tara's career is on the line when she is investigated as an accessory to Otto's brutal murder of a prison nurse that was killed with Luann's crucifix. Jax assures Tara that they will get through the investigation just like they get through everything else to which she quips, "that's what scares me." She becomes guarded when Jax doesn't walk away after meeting his goal to save the MC with RICO shutdown. She is pressed to reply to the offer and internally struggles with moving on as it is the "last chance" for her and Jax to get out of Charming. While meeting to prepare Tara's defense, Lowen prompts Tara to think about legal custody of sons if anything was to happen to her. Tara agrees to Providence Health & Services job offer before telling Jax.

text: Wendy confronts Tara with reality of risk associated with MC and shows her the shoulder bruise from the force of Jax jamming a speedball needle into it. Tara gasps with shock realizing that Jax is losing his way. The prison nurse's brother, Lee Toric, confronts Tara at the hospital and threatens to avenge her death. More than ever, Tara needs someone trustworthy to name as guardian of her sons in case of imprisonment or death. Tara has no permanent nerve damage and will be able to operate again. Tara requests clarity from Jax who does not come clean about intimidating Wendy.

text: Gemma confronts Tara about Providence Health & Services offer and threatens Tara "I'm done with your power push." Gemma threatens to tell investigators that Tara planned the killing of an innocent nurse to reverse RICO. Tara enlists Wendy as guardian and is now more determined to pull her sons out of Charming's "cesspool." Jax disapproves of Wendy as Guardian, but Tara insists it is her 'job as an old lady to be strong ... when and where [he] can't be." She tells him she accepted a job offer in Oregon to spare them from becoming like Gemma and Clay, which will force the boys to relive their mistakes.

text: The season ends with Tara's arrest for conspiracy to commit Pamela Toric's murder.

text: Season 6[edit]

text: After a season of failed attempts to get herself and her sons out of Charming (including a false pregnancy and subsequently faked miscarriage to bar Gemma Teller-Morrow from gaining custody of Abel and Thomas, should Tara go to prison), and after Tara and Jax's relationship was tested (Tara and Jax are having problems with her being behind bars for her involvement in the death of a nurse. Jax is seen at the end of episode 1 cheating on Tara with Colette Jane, an escort handler) Tara finds herself at odds with everyone she was supposed to be able to trust and chooses to use the bullet she pulled from Bobby Munson's shoulder as evidence necessary to grant her witness protection, in turn making her a rat and a liability to the MC and to Jax himself. In a last-minute plot twist, Jax finds Tara at a park in Lodi. They talk for several minutes and then the scene cuts to the motel room Tara had been hiding in. The two come to an understanding and Jax surrenders himself to the mercy of DA Tyne Patterson in exchange for Tara's immunity for all the crimes she committed on behalf the MC, specifically that of the murder of Pamela Toric, for which she was accused in season 5 but did not have anything to do with. The DA agrees to what Jax offers her after a few moments of reluctance to believe that he will come through. With that, Jax has let Tara know that he truly loves her and their sons more than anything. They cry and make love. Tara and Jax agree to meet the DA at the Teller home at 6pm after he spends his last hours as a free man with his sons. He tells Chibs and Bobby he will most likely be sentenced to 25 years, with parole in 10, 7 if he's lucky. Tara gets home earlier than expected and the house is empty, save for Eli, the sheriff, who entered the house with her so they could talk in private and he could help her bring her suitcases into the house, as she decided not to run away and do what Jax asked of her; raise their sons.

text: When Eli leaves, stating he'll be outside, Tara calls for Wayne, assuming his truck outside meant he was in the house. Caught off guard, Gemma comes out of the laundry room and lunges for Tara, who cannot escape in time. Gemma hits her with an iron but doesn't knock her out. Tara struggles against Gemma's beating and her head is badly smashed on the sink, where Gemma then attempts to drown her. In one of the show's most gruesome moments, Tara struggles for several seconds before Gemma grabs a barbecue fork and stabs Tara multiple times in the back of the head and her neck. Blood gushing out of the back of her head, Tara collapses and dies.

text: Lt. Roosevelt walks in on the scene and discovers Gemma sitting on the floor next to Tara's body, in obvious shock. Gemma is mumbling incoherently about how it had to be done because she was going to rat out the MC. Roosevelt tells her she didn't rat out the MC, and that Jax is giving himself up to protect her. Immediately after this, Juice walks in, sees the scene, shoots Lt. Roosevelt twice in the back and then comforts Gemma. After this he begins cleaning up the murder scene. Jax returns home later that evening. He sees Lt. Roosevelt's legs on the kitchen floor, draws his gun, and then enters the kitchen, where he finds both Eli and Tara dead on the floor. Stunned, he drops his gun at Eli's feet and cradles Tara in his arms.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The New York Times' series-premiere review remarked on the "chemistry" between Jax and Tara, and described the character as "beautiful...refined and book-smart."[1]

text: TV Squad credited Siff with a "superior performance"[2] and the Chicago Tribune described her as "excellent."[3]

text: Related links[edit]

text: List of Sons of Anarchy characters


document_title: Tootsee Roll

question_text: when did the tootsie roll song come out

question_tokens: when did the tootsie roll song come out

text: Tootsee Roll

text:
"Tootsee Roll"

Single by 69 Boyz

from the album 199Quad

Released
May 27, 1994

Recorded
1993

Genre
Hip hop, Southern hip hop, Miami bass

Length
4:18

Label
Rip-It

Songwriter(s)
Albert V Bryant, Pat Hicks

Producer(s)
Quad City DJ's

69 Boyz singles chronology

"Tootsee Roll"
(1994)
"Kitty Kitty"
(1994)

"Tootsee Roll"
(1994)
"Kitty Kitty"
(1994)

text: "Tootsee Roll" is a song by rap group 69 Boyz released as the first single from their debut album 199Quad. In the United States, the song sold one million copies and earned a platinum certification from the Recording Industry Association of America.[1][2] It reached number eight on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in early January 1995,[3] number nine on Hot R&B Singles and number one on Hot Rap Singles.[4] "Tootsee Roll" took 27 weeks to hit its Hot 100 peak of number 8,[5] spending the previous four months in the top 20 before finally reaching its peak.

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1994)
Peak
position

U.S. Billboard Hot 100
8

U.S. Billboard Hot R&B Singles
9

U.S. Billboard Hot Rap Tracks
1

text: Year-end charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1994)
Position

U.S. Billboard Hot 100[6]
65

Chart (1995)
Position

U.S. Billboard Hot 100[7]
63


document_title: Roll film

question_text: the inventor of the popular roll-film camera was

text: Roll film

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Rollfilm or roll film is any type of spool-wound photographic film protected from white light exposure by a paper backing, as opposed to film which is protected from exposure and wound forward in a cartridge. The term originated in contrast to sheet film. Confusingly, roll film was originally often referred to as "cartridge" film because of its resemblance to a shotgun cartridge. The opaque backing paper allows roll film to be loaded in daylight. It is typically printed with frame number markings which can be viewed through a small red window at the rear of the camera. A spool of roll film is usually loaded on one side of the camera and pulled across to an identical take up spool on the other side of the shutter as exposures are made. When the roll is fully exposed, the take up spool is removed for processing and the empty spool on which the film was originally wound is moved to the other side, becoming the take up spool for the next roll of film.

text: History[edit]

text: In 1881 a farmer in Cambria, Wisconsin, Peter Houston, invented the first roll film camera. His younger brother David, filed the patents for various components of Peter's camera.[1] David Henderson Houston (b. June 14, 1841; d. May 6, 1906 ),[2] originally from Cambria, Wisconsin, patented the first holders for flexible roll film.[2][3] Houston moved to Hunter in Dakota Territory in 1880. He was issued an 1881 patent for a roll film holder [4][5] which he licensed to George Eastman (it was used in Eastman's Kodak 1888 box camera). Houston sold the patent (and an 1886 revision[6]) outright to Eastman for $5000 in 1889.[2][7][8] Houston continued developing the camera, creating 21 patents for cameras or camera parts between 1881 and 1902.[2][9] In 1912 his estate transferred the remainder of his patents to Eastman.[2]

text: The most popular rollfilm is the type 120 film format, which is used in most medium-format cameras and roll film magazines for large-format cameras. Until the 1950s, 120 roll film was also used in what was then the most simple of snapshot cameras, and box cameras. The use of roll film in consumer cameras was largely superseded by 135 and 126 cartridges, but 120 and 220 (double length) film are still commonly used in medium-format cameras.


document_title: 2018 Grand National

question_text: who came third in the 2018 grand national

text: 2018 Grand National

text: Race card[edit]

text: From an initial 105 entries, the final field of 40 runners was declared on 13 April.[5] Two contenders, Regal Encore and Walk In The Mill, were withdrawn on the morning of the race, leaving 38 starters,[6] the smallest field since 1999.

text: 2018 also marked the first National for 30 years to feature three female jockeys in the line-up.[7] 2012 third-placed jockey Katie Walsh paired Baie Des Iles for her sixth ride in the race, whilst Rachael Blackmore and Bryony Frost were both handed their first National rides on Alpha Des Obeaux and Milansbar respectively.

text:
No
Horse
Age
Handicap
(st–lb)
SP
Jockey
Trainer

2
Blaklion
9
11-10
1014 14/1
Sam Twiston-Davies
Nigel Twiston-Davies

3
Anibale Fly (FR)
8
11-08
1010 10/1
Barry Geraghty
Tony Martin (IRE)

4
The Last Samuri (IRE)
10
11-08
20/1
David Bass
Kim Bailey

5
Valseur Lido (FR)
9
11-07
1066 66/1
Keith Donoghue
Henry de Bromhead (IRE)

6
Total Recall (IRE)
9
11-05
1007 7/1
Paul Townend
Willie Mullins (IRE)

7
Alpha Des Obeaux (FR)
8
11-04
1033 33/1
Rachael Blackmore
Mouse Morris (IRE)

8
Perfect Candidate (IRE)
11
11-03
40/1
Alain Cawley
Fergal O'Brien

9
Shantou Flyer (IRE)
8
11-02
25/1
James Bowen
Richard Hobson

10
Tenor Nivernais (FR)
11
11-01
66/1
Tom O'Brien
Venetia Williams

11
Carlingford Lough (IRE)
12
11-01
33/1
Mark Walsh
John Kiely (IRE)

13
Tiger Roll (IRE)
8
10-13
1010 10/1
Davy Russell
Gordon Elliott (IRE)

15
Vieux Lion Rouge (FR)
9
10-13
1025 25/1
Tom Scudamore
David Pipe

16
Chase The Spud
10
10-12
1025 25/1
Paddy Brennan
Fergal O'Brien

17
Warriors Tale
9
10-12
28/1
Sean Bowen
Paul Nicholls

18
Seeyouatmidnight
10
10-12
1011 11/1
Brian Hughes
Sandy Thomson

19
Gas Line Boy (IRE)
12
10-11
1025 25/1
Robbie Dunne
Ian Williams

20
The Dutchman (IRE)
8
10-11
25/1
Harry Cobden
Colin Tizzard

21
Pleasant Company (IRE)
10
10-11
1025 25/1
David Mullins
Willie Mullins (IRE)

22
Ucello Conti (FR)
10
10-10
16/1
Daryl Jacob
Gordon Elliott (IRE)

23
Saint Are (FR)
12
10-10
50/1
Ciaran Gethings
Tom George

25
Raz De Maree (FR)
13
10-09
1020 20/1
Robbie Power
Gavin Cromwell (IRE)

26
I Just Know (IRE)
8
10-08
16/1
Danny Cook
Sue Smith

27
Virgilio (FR)
9
10-08
66/1
Harry Skelton
Dan Skelton

28
Baie Des Iles (FR)
7
10-08
1016 16/1
Katie Walsh[a]
Ross O'Sullivan (IRE)

29
Maggio (FR)
13
10-08
66/1
Brendan Powell
Patrick Griffin (IRE)

30
Pendra (IRE)
10
10-08
40/1
Aidan Coleman
Charlie Longsdon

31
Buywise (IRE)
11
10-08
40/1
Adam Wedge
Evan Williams

32
Childrens List (IRE)
8
10-08
40/1
Jonathan Burke
Willie Mullins (IRE)

33
Lord Windermere (IRE)
12
10-07
50/1
Andrew Lynch
Jim Culloty (IRE)

34
Captain Redbeard (IRE)
9
10-07
20/1
Sam Coltherd
Stuart Coltherd

35
Houblon Des Obeaux (FR)
11
10-07
33/1
Charlie Deutsch
Venetia Williams

36
Bless The Wings (IRE)
13
10-06
1040 40/1
Jack Kennedy
Gordon Elliott (IRE)

37
Milansbar (IRE)
11
10-06
1025 25/1
Bryony Frost
Neil King

38
Final Nudge (IRE)
9
10-06
33/1
Gavin Sheehan
David Dennis

39
Double Ross (IRE)
12
10-06
40/1
Jamie Bargary
Nigel Twiston-Davies

40
Road To Riches (IRE)
11
10-05
40/1
Sean Flanagan
Noel Meade (IRE)

1
Thunder And Roses
10
10-05
33/1
James Slevin
Mouse Morris (IRE)

12
Delusionsofgrandeur (IRE)
8
10-05
50/1
Henry Brooke
Sue Smith

text:
Great Britain unless stated.
Horses 1 and 12 were late replacements and are listed at the bottom.

text: Jump up ^ amateur rider

tag: ol

text: Race overview[edit]

text: The first fence claimed Perfect Candidate who in turn brought down one of the favourites, Blaklion. I Just Know led the field until falling at Becher's Brook, which also saw Houblon Des Obleaux and Virgilio out of the race. Houblon Des Obeaux's jockey Charlie Deutsch was treated for injuries at the scene, resulting in Becher's being bypassed on the second circuit. Captain Redbeard unseated its rider at the Foinavon fence as Ucello Conti led the field from Double Ross, with The Dutchman, Milansbar and Pleasant Company also prominent. The Canal Turn saw the end of Lord Windermere, Buywise and Final Nudge. Chase The Spud pulled up before The Chair, which claimed Alpha Des Obeaux and Saint Are.[8]

text: Delusionsofgrandeur and Maggio were pulled up at the beginning of the second circuit, and The Dutchman unseated its rider at Foinavon as Pleasant Company took over the lead. Ucello Conti lost its rider three fences from home, while Seeyouatmidnight challenged Pleasant Company for the lead. Tiger Roll made its move and hit the lead on the 29th fence. On the run-in, Pleasant Company fought back and almost caught Tiger Roll, losing by a head.[9]

text: There were no fatalities, although Saint Are was treated by veterinarians after being brought down at The Chair. A few days later, Saint Are's retirement from racing was announced.[10] Jockey Charlie Deutsch was kicked in the back by a horse following his fall at Becher's Brook,[11] but recovered and rode a winner at Plumpton the following day.[12]

text: Finishing order[edit]

text: Twelve runners completed the course as follows:[13]

text:
Position
Horse
Jockey
SP
Distance
Prize money

1
Tiger Roll
Davy Russell
1010 10/1
Head
£500,000

2
Pleasant Company
David Mullins
1025 25/1
11 lengths
£200,000

3
Bless The Wings
Jack Kennedy
1040 40/1
Neck
£100,000

4
Anibale Fly
Barry Geraghty
1010 10/1
21 lengths
£65,000

5
Milansbar
Bryony Frost
1025 25/1
12 lengths
£40,000

6
Road to Riches
Sean Flanagan
1033 33/1
7 lengths
£30,000

7
Gas Line Boy
Robert Dunne
1025 25/1
4 lengths
£20,000

8
Valseur Lido
Keith Donoghue
1066 66/1
¾ length
£15,000

9
Vieux Lion Rouge
Tom Scudamore
1025 25/1
¾ length
£10,000

10
Raz De Maree
Robbie Power
1020 20/1
29 lengths
£5,000

11
Seeyouatmidnight
Brian Hughes
1011 11/1
2¾ lengths

12
Baie Des Iles
Katie Walsh
1016 16/1
Last to complete

text: Distance measures from smallest to largest winning margin: nose, short head, head, neck, one length, a distance.

text: Non-finishers[edit]

text: The runners who failed to complete were as follows:[13]

text:
Fence
Horse
Jockey
SP
Fate

1st
Perfect Candidate
Alain Cawley
1050 50/1
Fell

1st
Blaklion
Sam Twiston-Davies
1014 14/1
Brought down

6th (Becher's Brook)
I Just Know
Danny Cook
1014 14/1
Fell

Houblon Des Obeaux
Charlie Deutsch
1025 25/1
Fell

Virgilio
Harry Skelton
1050 50/1
Fell

7th (Foinavon)
Captain Redbeard
Sam Coltherd
1020 20/1
Unseated rider

8th (Canal Turn)
Lord Windermere
Andrew Lynch
1050 50/1
Unseated rider

Buywise
Adam Wedge
1050 50/1
Unseated rider

Final Nudge
Gavin Sheehan
1033 33/1
Fell

15th (The Chair)
Chase The Spud
Paddy Brennan
1025 25/1
Pulled up

Alpha Des Obeaux
Rachael Blackmore
1033 33/1
Fell

Saint Are
Ciaran Gethings
1050 50/1
Brought down

17th
Delusionofgrandeur
Henry Brooke
1050 50/1
Pulled up

18th
Maggio
Brendan Powell
1066 66/1
Pulled up

23rd (Foinavon)
The Dutchman
Harry Cobden
1020 20/1
Unseated rider

26th
Thunder And Roses
James Slevin
1033 33/1
Pulled up

The Last Samuri
David Bass
1016 16/1
Pulled up

Tenor Nivernais
Tom O'Brien
1066 66/1
Pulled up

Shantou Flyer
James Bowen
1020 20/1
Pulled up

27th (open ditch)
Ucello Conti
Daryl Jacob
1016 16/1
Unseated rider

29th
Total Recall
Paul Townend
1007 7/1 F
Pulled up

Warriors Tale
Sean Bowen
1033 33/1
Pulled up

Pendra
Aidan Coleman
1080 80/1
Pulled up

Double Ross
Jamie Bargary
1066 66/1
Pulled up

Run-in
Carlingford Lough
Mark Walsh
1033 33/1
Pulled up

Childrens List
Jonathan Burke
1066 66/1
Pulled up

text: Broadcasting and media[edit]

text:
Towards the final two-hundred yards, the diminutive Tiger Roll senses a place in history! Pleasant Company in second, Bless The Wings and Anibale Fly, they're finishing well strung out, but it is Tiger Roll for Gordon Elliott! And is the long wait for a National win about to end for Davy Russell? Pleasant Company is coming back! Tiger Roll hanging on... Just may have lasted, as Pleasant Company surged at him late on!
“
”

ITV lead commentator Richard Hoiles describes the climax of the race.

tag: div

text: As the Grand National is accorded the status of an event of national interest in the United Kingdom and is listed on the Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events, it must be shown on free-to-air terrestrial television in the UK. The race was broadcast live on TV by ITV, in the second year of its four-year deal as the exclusive terrestrial broadcaster of horse racing in the UK.[14]

text: The coverage was co-anchored by Ed Chamberlin and Francesca Cumani. Analysis was provided by former Grand National winning jockeys Sir Anthony McCoy, Mick Fitzgerald and Ruby Walsh, the latter having been ruled out the Aintree meeting through injury. Reports were provided by Oli Bell, Alice Plunkett and Luke Harvey with updates from the betting ring by Matt Chapman and Brian Gleeson. The commentary team was Mark Johnson, Ian Bartlett and Richard Hoiles.[15]