document_title: Wrigley Field

question_text: where did the cubs play before wrigley field

question_tokens: where did the cubs play before wrigley field

text: Wrigley Field

text: History[edit]

text: Baseball executive Charles Weeghman hired his architect Zachary Taylor Davis to design the park, which was ready for baseball by the date of the home opener on April 23, 1914.[7] The original tenants, the Chicago Whales (also called the Chi-Feds) came in second in the Federal League rankings in 1914 and won the league championship in 1915.

text: In late 1915, Weeghman's Federal League folded. The resourceful Weeghman formed a syndicate including the chewing gum manufacturer William Wrigley Jr. to buy the Chicago Cubs from Charles P. Taft for about $500,000.[8] Weeghman immediately moved the Cubs from the dilapidated West Side Grounds to his two-year-old park.

text: In 1918, Wrigley acquired the controlling interest in the club.[9] In November 1926, he renamed the park "Wrigley Field".[10] In 1927, an upper deck was added, and in 1937, Bill Veeck, the son of the club president, planted ivy vines against the outfield walls.[9]

text: Renovation[edit]

text: The Ricketts family aggressively pursued a Wrigley Field renovation since buying the team and the stadium in 2009. During the annual Cubs Convention in January 2013 the family revealed the 1060 Project which called for a $575-million, privately funded rehabilitation of the stadium that was to be completed over the course of five years.[11] The proposal was vast, and included planned improvements to, among other things, the stadium's facade, infrastructure, restrooms, concourses, suites, press box, moving the bullpens and clubhouses, as well as the addition of restaurants, patio areas, batting tunnels, a 5,700-square-foot jumbotron, and an adjacent hotel, plaza, and office-retail complex.[12]

text: After months of negotiations between the team, local Alderman Tom Tunney, and Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel, the plan obtained the endorsements of both the city's Landmarks Commission and Plan Commission before receiving final approval by the Chicago City Council in July 2013. To help fund the project, the team planned to more than double the amount of advertising signage in and around the stadium to about 51,000 square feet, including additional signage to be placed beyond the outfield walls – a move that was opposed by many owners of the rooftop clubs that surround the stadium who worried that such signage would obstruct their sightlines.[13][14] Before work on the project began, the team wanted the rooftop owners to agree not to pursue legal action challenging the construction and continued to negotiate privately with them – offering to reduce the size and number of signs to be built – in order to gain their assent.[15] The team could not come to terms with the rooftop owners who had a lease agreement with the team until 2023 in exchange for paying 17% of the gross revenues. In May 2014 the Cubs announced they would pursue the original 2013 plan to modify the park [16] Over the course of the next three years, the Ricketts family began to purchase many of the rooftop locations.[17]

text: Ongoing renovation[edit]

text: The "1060 Project – Phase One" started Monday, September 29, 2014. During the off-season, the bleachers in both outfields were expanded and the stadium's footprint was extended further onto both Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. A 3,990 sq ft (370 m2) Jumbotron scoreboard was added to the left field bleachers. It is topped with a sign advertising Wintrust Financial, a Rosemont-based bank and a Cubs Legacy Partner; the "W" in Wintrust flashes after every Cubs win. A 2,400 sq ft (220 m2) video scoreboard was also added in the right field bleachers, and the parking lots along Clark Street were excavated for future underground players' locker rooms and lounges.[18][19]

text: After the close of the extended 2015 season, work began on "Phase Two" of the project. The area just west of the stadium was converted into an underground 30,000-square-foot (2,800 m2) players locker room and strength/conditioning/training and hydrotherapy sections, players lounges, a media center, and team offices. The previous clubhouse space was utilized to enlarge the dugout and add two underground batting cages, an auditorium, and more team office space. A new "Third Base Club" next to the batting tunnels and a "Home Plate Club" was introduced behind home plate and a new 30,000 square foot concessions preparation and staging area was constructed below the new Triangle Plaza. All seats, from the left field foul pole to the main gate, were replaced. An upper-deck exposed concourse was added along the south and west roof-line of right field. Bathroom facilities and concessions were improved throuout the park.[20]

text: Exterior renovations of the park seek to restore design elements present before the 1960s. These details include ornamental muted-green grill-work and red terra cotta roofing.[21]

text: Phase Three of the 1060 Project was completed before the start of the 2017 season. The left and right field bullpens were relocated to enclosed areas under the bleachers, the brick walls were extended toward the field and new seating was added in the vacated bullpen areas. A visiting team "batting tunnel" was added. Partial facade replacement and concourse restoration was completed along Addison Avenue along with structural improvements to the right field bleachers. The outfield turf was replaced just weeks before the start of the season. The Cubs Plaza building just to the west of Wrigley was finalized and the Park at Wrigley, the area above Cubs players dressing rooms, was in use for fans before and during games.[22] Construction of Hotel Zachary along the west side of Clark street was ongoing.[23]

text: Firsts since renovation[edit]

text: On May 26, 2015, Cubs rookie third baseman Kris Bryant was the first to hit the new left field videoscreen with his 477-foot (145 m) home run.[24] On October 13, the Cubs clinched a playoff series at home in Wrigley Field for the first time in franchise history with a 6–4 victory in game four of the 2015 NLDS. After Anthony Rizzo hit what would be the game-winning and series winning home run in the 6th inning, Kyle Schwarber's 7th inning insurance home run ball landed on top of the right field scoreboard. The ball was left in place, encased in clear Plexiglas to protect it from the elements.[25]

text: 100th Anniversary[edit]

text: During the 2014 season, the Cubs celebrated the centennial of Wrigley Field throughout the season. Each decade was represented during ten homestands throughout the season. The April 23rd game, the 100th Anniversary, featured the Cubs playing the Arizona Diamondbacks in a throw back game. Each team represented one of the teams which played in the inaugural game at the stadium. The Cubs wore the uniforms of the Chicago Whales (Federals), the original occupants of the stadium and Diamondbacks wore uniforms representing the Kansas City Packers, whom the Federals played on April 23, 1914.

text: Features[edit]

text: Wrigley Field follows the jewel box design of ballparks that was popular in the early part of the 20th century. The two recessed wall areas, or "wells", located both in left and right field, give those areas a little more length than if the wall were to follow the contour from center field. It is also in those wells, when cross winds are blowing, that balls have a habit of bouncing in all sorts of interesting directions. In addition, there is a long chain-link fence strip running the entire length of the outfield wall, the base of which is about two feet down from the top of the wall and the top of which projects out at an angle, primarily used to keep fans from falling out of the bleacher area and onto the field of play, which is about seven to ten feet below the top of the wall. Called "The basket",[26] by players and fans alike, the rules of the field state that any ball landing within the basket is ruled a home run, making the distance to hit a home run in Wrigley Field actually shorter than the location of the outfield wall.

text: Ivy-covered outfield walls[edit]

text:
External video

 Bleacher Bums (Part 1, 1984), WTTW - Channel 11, the play Bleacher Bums with Dennis Franz and Joe Mantegna[27]

text: The ballpark is famous for its outfield walls which are covered by ivy.[28] In the first weeks of the baseball season, the ivy has not leafed out, and all that is visible are the vines on which it grows. However, as the baseball season progresses further into spring, the ivy grows thick and green, disguising the hard brick surface of the outfield wall. In the autumn, generally during post-season, the ivy turns red.[29] On April 7, 2013, Total Pro Sports voted Wrigley Field the "Best Place to Catch a Game in 2013," owing the award primarily to its architecture and ivy-coated fields.[30]

text: In 1937, the stadium was renovated and P. K. Wrigley discussed beautification with then Chicago Cubs President Bill Veeck, Sr. Veeck suggested planting ivy on the outfield walls.[31] The ivy was originally English ivy but was later changed to Parthenocissus tricuspidata -- what's commonly called, Boston Ivy and Japanese Bittersweet, which can endure the harsh Chicago winters better than its English cousin.[32] Cuttings from the ivy were sold by local vendors. The Chicago Cubs attempted to grow the ivy on the outside of Wrigley Field as well, but the plantings were often stolen so the Cubs abandoned the plans.[33]

text: Following a later change in Major League Baseball (MLB) rules which requires all outfield walls to be padded, Wrigley Field has been grandfathered into the rules, meaning it is the only MLB stadium without padded walls because of the ivy.[31] In 2004, the ivy was specifically included in Wrigley Field's Landmark Designation by the Chicago City Council.[34]

text: Wrigley is now the only professional ballpark with an ivy covered outfield wall. Several now-demolished ballparks featured ivy in the playing area, including Forbes Field, Wrigley Field's namesake in Los Angeles, and Bush Stadium (formerly Perry Stadium) in Indianapolis.[35] Omaha's Rosenblatt Stadium, the former home of the College World Series as well as minor league baseball, had an ivy-covered brick wall that was replaced with a padded wall. Some ballparks feature ivy on out-of-play walls, especially as a covering for the batter's eye behind the center field fence.

text: Under the ground rules of Wrigley Field, if a baseball gets into the ivy and gets stuck, the fielder is entitled to raise his arms to signify that the ball is unplayable (even if he can see it in the vines), and the batter is awarded a ground rule double by the umpires; runners can move up only on force plays.[36] However, if the ball becomes dislodged or the fielder reaches into the vines to try and get the ball, it is considered in play and the runners can advance.[37] Although the ivy appears to "pad" the bricks, it is of little practical use in this regard. There have been occasions of fielders being injured when slamming into the wall while pursuing a fly ball.

text: Dimensions[edit]

text: The distances from home plate to various points in the outfield have remained essentially unchanged since the bleachers were remodeled during the 1937 season. They were originally marked by wooden numbers cut from plywood, painted white, and placed in gaps where the ivy was not allowed to grow. Since the early 1980s, the numbers have been painted directly on the bricks, in yellow. Although the power-alley dimensions are relatively cozy, the foul lines are currently the deepest in the major leagues.

text: It is 355 feet (108.2 m) to the notch in the wall just beyond the left field foul pole.[38] The point where the bleacher wall begins to curve inward in left-center field, one of the two "wells", is an unmarked 357 feet (108.8 m). The front part of the left-center "well" is the closest point in the outfield, about 360 feet. The marked left-center field distance is 368 feet (112.2 m).[38] It is closer to true center field than its right-center counterpart is. True center field is unmarked and is about 390 feet (118.9 m). The center field marker, which is to the right of true center field and in the middle of the quarter-circle defining the center field area, is 400 feet (121.9 m) and is the deepest point in the outfield. Right-center field is 368 feet (112.2 m), the notch of the right-center "well" is an unmarked 363 feet (110.6 m), and the right field foul line is 353 feet (107.6 m). The backstop is listed in media sources as 60.5 feet (18.4 m) behind home plate. Although that distance is standard, the relatively small foul ground area in general gives an advantage to batters.

text: Rooftop seats[edit]

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text: When the Wrigley Field was constructed in 1914, the buildings along Waveland and Sheffield avenues gave spectators a view of what was going on inside the ballpark. The rooftops were not seen as "big business." They would later become a popular spectator area during the 1929 World Series. The 1938 World Series brought "paying" spectators to the rooftops. Fans sat in lawn chairs and brought their own food and beverages. It was not until the mid 1980s owners began updating the rooftops to have bleacher-style grandstands. The rooftops were also turned into a legitimate business. More businesses began purchasing rooftops around Wrigley Field seeing them as profitable resource. The Sky Box on Sheffield open in 1993. Back then, it catered to cooperate groups. Today, it is complete with a two-tier roof deck, indoor clubhouse, fully staffed bars on three levels, and an elevator.[39]

text: In 1998, the city required rooftop owners to have a license and began to regulate the venues. In 2003, relations between rooftop owners and the Cubs worsened when the team put up a large screen to block the view of the rooftops. These screens are what is known as a "Spite Fence." The Cubs then sued most rooftop businesses that year. The Cubs felt that the rooftops were stealing from the team's product and the rooftop owners were "unjustly enriching themselves."[39]

text: In 2004, the building owners agreed to share a portion of their proceeds with the Cubs. Rooftop owners were required to pay the Cubs 17% of their gross revenue. The agreement lasts until 2023.[39][40] The Cubs obtained permission from the city to expand the ballpark's own bleachers out over the sidewalks and do some additional construction on the open area of the property to the west, bordered by Clark and Waveland, and to close the remnant of Seminary Avenue that also existed on the property. The rooftop seats are now effectively part of the ballpark's seating area, although they are not included in the seating capacity figure.

text: In July 2016, R. Marc Hamid, a former rooftop owner was convicted on nine counts of mail fraud and illegal bank structuring.[41] Hamid had been under reporting attendance at the Sky Box on Sheffield from 2008 to 2011. Over those years, Hamid covered up more than $1 million in revenue while also avoiding hundreds of thousands of dollars in taxes and royalties that violated the agreement rooftop owners had with the Cubs. In January 2017, Hamid was sentenced to 18 months in federal prison.[42]

text: The owners threatened suit in 2013 when the team announced plans to renovate the ball field and potentially disrupt the sight lines. When the rooftop owners did not agree to a scaled down plan for renovations of Wrigley, the Cubs owners announced, in May 2014, their intentions to implement the original 2013 plan for renovations even if it meant battling the issue in court. Cubs owner Ricketts said Wrigley has "the worst player facilities in Major League Baseball...I am saying it is the time to invest in Wrigley Field and do the things that our competitors do." [16] By the end of the 2016 season, the Ricketts family had acquired 10 of the rooftop locations and have a financial stake in an 11th.[43]

text: Some of the rooftops became legendary in their own right. The Lakeview Baseball Club, which sits across Sheffield Avenue (right-field) from the stadium displayed a sign that read, "Eamus Catuli!" (roughly Latin for "Let's Go Cubs!"—catuli translating to "whelps", the nearest Latin equivalent), flanked by a counter indicating the Cubs' long legacy of futility. The counter was labeled "AC", for "Anno Catulorum", or "In the Year of the Cubs". Prior to the team's 2016 championship, it read AC0871108, with the first two digits indicating the number of years since the Cubs' last division championship as of the end of the previous season (2008), the next two digits indicating the number of years since the Cubs won the National League Pennant (1945), and the last three digits indicating the number of years since their last World Series win (1908). After winning the World Series in 2016, the sign was updated to AC0000000.

text: Seating capacity[edit]

text:
Years
Capacity

1914

14,000

1915–1922

15,000

1923–1926

20,000

1927

38,396

1928–1937

40,000

1938

38,396

1939–1940

38,000

1941–1948

38,396

1949–1950

38,690

1951–1964

36,755

1965–1971

36,644

1972

37,702

1973–1981

37,741

1982–1985

37,272

1986

38,040

1987–1988

38,143

1989

39,600

Years
Capacity

1990–1993

38,711

1994–1997

38,765

1998–2000

38,884

2001

39,059

2002–2003

39,111

2004

39,345

2005

39,538

2006

41,118

2007–2008

41,160

2009–2010

41,210

2011
41,159[44]

2012
41,009[45]

2013
41,019[46]

2014
41,072[47]

2015
40,929[48]

2016
41,268[49]

2017–present
41,649[5]

text: Attendance records[edit]

text:
41,688 – July 12, 2015 high mark after bleacher renovation
42,411 – Games 3 & 4 of the 2015 NLDS[50]
42,445 - Game 3 of the 2017 NLDS[51]

text: Unusual wind patterns[edit]

text: In April and May the wind often comes off Lake Michigan (less than a mile to the east), which means a northeast wind "blowing in" to knock down potential home runs and turn them into outs. In the summer, however, or on any warm and breezy day, the wind often comes from the south and the southwest, which means the wind is "blowing out" and has the potential to turn normally harmless fly balls into home runs. A third variety is the cross-wind, which typically runs from the left field corner to the right field corner and causes all sorts of interesting havoc. Depending on the direction of the wind, Wrigley can either be one of the friendliest parks in the major leagues for pitchers or among the worst. This makes Wrigley one of the most unpredictable parks in the Major Leagues.

text: Many Cubs fans check their nearest flag before heading to the park on game days for an indication of what the game might be like; this is less of a factor for night games, however, because the wind does not blow as hard after the sun goes down.

text: With the wind blowing in, pitchers can dominate and no-hitters have resulted. The last two by a Cubs pitcher occurred near the beginning and the end of the 1972 season, by Burt Hooton and Milt Pappas respectively; not until Cole Hamels of the Philadelphia Phillies no-hit the Cubs in 2015 would another no-hitter be pitched at Wrigley. In the seventh inning of Ken Holtzman's first no-hitter, on August 19, 1969, Hank Aaron of the Atlanta Braves hit a ball that looked headed for the bleachers, but the wind caught it just enough for left fielder Billy Williams to leap up and snare it.

text: With the wind blowing out, some true tape-measure home runs have been hit by well-muscled batters. Sammy Sosa and Dave "Kong" Kingman broke windows in the apartment buildings across Waveland Avenue several times. Glenallen Hill put one on a rooftop.[52] Batters have occasionally slugged it into, or to the side of, the first row or two of the "upper deck" of the center field bleachers. Sosa hit the roof of the center field camera booth on the fly during the NLCS against the Florida Marlins, some 450 feet away.[53]

text: But the longest blast was probably hit by Dave Kingman on a very windy day in 1976 while with the Mets. According to local legend, that day, Kingman launched a bomb that landed on the third porch roof on the east (center field) side of Kenmore Avenue, some 550 feet away.

text: No batter has ever hit the center field scoreboard. However, it has been hit by a golf ball hit by Sam Snead using a two iron.[54]

text: No matter the weather, many fans congregate during batting practice and games on Waveland Avenue, behind left field, and Sheffield Avenue, behind right field, for a chance to catch a home run ball.

text: Hand-turned scoreboard[edit]

text: Along with Fenway Park's scoreboard and AT&T Park's out of town scoreboard, Wrigley is one of the last parks to maintain a hand-turned scoreboard. Unlike the home of the Red Sox, the scoreboard at Wrigley is mounted above the centerfield bleachers, rather than at ground level, making it harder to hit during play. No players have hit the current scoreboard, although several have come close. The scoreboard was installed in 1937, when Bill Veeck installed the new bleachers.[55] The scoreboard has remained in place ever since, and it has only seen minor modifications. The clock was added in 1941,[55] a fifth row of scores was added to each side in 1961; by 1969, a sixth. A set of light stands facing onto the scoreboard was added in 1988 with the introduction of night games. The centerfield bleacher scoreboard is still manually operated,[55] with scores coming in through a computer (a ticker tape machine was used in the past); a number turner watches the score changes closely and updates scores by manually replacing the numbers from within the scoreboard. The scoreboard is made of sheet steel. The numbers that are placed into the inning windows are also steel, painted forest green, and numbered with white numerals. The box for the game playing at Wrigley uses yellow numerals for the current inning. The clock, which sits at the top center of the scoreboard, has never lost time in its 78-year existence. Standing over the clock are three flagpoles, one for each division in the National League. There are 15 flags, one for each National League team, and their order on the flagpoles reflects the current standings. The entrance to the scoreboard is a trap-door on the bottom. On the reverse of the scoreboard, visible from the CTA elevated trains, is a blue pennant, with the words "Chicago Cubs", in white outlined in red neon. The scoreboard was extensively rehabilitated for the 2010 season.

text: In 2010, the Cubs toyed with the idea of adding a video screen to the stadium, but the hand-turned scoreboard cannot be moved due to the park's landmark status. The landmark status also prohibits even simple facelifts such as adding two more games on either side (there are 15 teams in both the National and American leagues) of the 12-game, 24-team scoreboard (reflecting MLB from 1969 to 1976), so up to three games (1 NL, 1 AL, and the interleague) each day cannot be posted.[56] Those games may eventually be part of the auxiliary video board currently on the right field that may also be added in left field. Most Cubs players support the concept of a video board, and work on two additional scoreboards began at the end of the 2014 season.[57]

text: It was announced March 21, 2013, that Alderman Tom Tunney wanted to demolish the scoreboard to clear the view for nearby residents, who watch games from their rooftops. "Demolishing the landmark old scoreboard has never been part of any plan discussed or envisioned by the Ricketts family," said Dennis Culloton, a spokesman for Tom Ricketts, the Cubs chairman.[58]

text: To date, there is a third generation scoreboard operator whose grandfather began working in the hand-turned scoreboard at its inception.

text: Main entry marquee[edit]

text: Directly over the main entrance to the stadium stands the most familiar icon of the exterior of the ballpark, a large red, art deco style marquee, painted in white letters to read "Wrigley Field, Home of Chicago Cubs". The marquee was installed circa 1934. On March 23, 1960, the Cubs decided to paint their iconic Wrigley Field marquee a flashier color.[59] It had been green since it was installed. The sign was blue until the 1960s, and originally used changeable letters similar to the scoreboard to announce upcoming games. It originally read "Home of the Cubs" but was changed to "Home of Chicago Cubs" by 1939. This was also changed during NFL football seasons to reflect the Chicago Bears.

text: In 1982, a two line announcement board was replaced with an electronic LED message board and a backlit advertising panel was added below (this is now solid red). The marquee utilizes red neon lights at night, showing the familiar "Wrigley Field" in red, as the rest of the sign is in darkness. A Budweiser Beer slogan was on the lower panel in the early 1980s about the time when the team added the LED signage. The marquee is so iconic with the park, that the owners of the park, both past, and present, have used the marquee in some way as the park's trademark of sorts: even the CTA Addison street platform that services Wrigley Field uses an image of the marquee, painted on walls, announcing the destination. The marquee was painted purple and featured an Allstate Insurance logo for the Northwestern Wildcats who played as the home team against the Illinois Fighting Illini in a Big Ten football game in November 2010.

text: In 2015, a permanent Toyota emblem was placed on the lower panel just below the LED sign on the marquee, a location that has a long history of displaying decals of corporate sponsors and team initiatives. or been left blank. Toyota is one of the team's "Legacy Partners" and beginning with the 2016 season will display other signage in and around the park, including branding on all Wrigley Field parking lots.[62]

text: The marquee was temporarily removed and restored for the 2016 season, including new paint, a new LED display board, and new neon lights.[63] The back of the sign was given a new green paint job as well, which can now be seen from the inside the terrace level.[64]

text: Lights[edit]

text: The Cubs were a hold-out against night games for decades, not installing lights at Wrigley until 1988 (after baseball officials announced that the park would be prohibited from hosting any future post-season games without lights).[65] Before then, all games at Wrigley were played during the day. Night games are still limited in number by agreement with the city council. In 1942, then-owner Philip K. Wrigley had planned to install lights, but instead, the lights and stands were scrapped for the World War II effort. In the late 1980s, however, Cubs management insisted that the team was in danger of leaving Wrigley if lights weren't installed,[66] and Major League Baseball threatened to make the Cubs play postseason "home" games at Busch Stadium in St. Louis.[54]

text: The 1984 World Series was scheduled to start in the National League park. But Major League Baseball actually had a contingency plan to instead start the World Series in the American League park in the event that the Chicago Cubs won the NLCS against the San Diego Padres. This would have allowed the Wrigley Field-hosted (i.e. daytime) games to be held over the weekend. In return, only one prime time game (Game 3 on Friday) would have been lost. Wrigley Field wouldn't have lights installed until four years later. To put things in proper perspective, had the Cubs advanced to the Series instead of the Padres, the Detroit Tigers would have hosted Games 1–2, and 6–7 (on Tuesday and Wednesday nights), while the Cubs would have hosted Games 3–5 (on Friday, Saturday and Sunday), with all three games in Chicago starting no later than 1:30 p.m. Central Time. Since the Padres wound up winning the 1984 NLCS, these plans proved moot. Additionally, had the Cubs won, it would have meant that the World Series would start in the AL city for three consecutive years (between 1983 in Baltimore and 1985 in Kansas City); this became a possibility when home-field advantage was awarded through the All-Star Game beginning in 2003.

text: After 5,687 consecutive day games played by the Cubs at Wrigley, the lights were finally lit on August 8, 1988, for a game with the Philadelphia Phillies. That game was rained out after 3½ innings,[65] and the first official night game took place the following evening against the New York Mets, a game which the Cubs won 6-4.[65]

text: The All-American Girls Professional Baseball League's first All-Star Game during the 1943 midseason, was played under temporary lights at Wrigley Field, between two teams composed of South Bend Blue Sox and Rockford Peaches players versus Kenosha Comets and Racine Belles players. It was also the first night game ever played in the historic ballpark (July 1, 1943).

text: Stadium usage[edit]

text: Baseball[edit]

text: Weeghman Park's first tenant was the Federal League team, the Chicago Whales, from 1914 to 1915. Weeghman Park / Cubs Park / Wrigley Field has served as the home baseball park for Major League Baseball's Chicago Cubs franchise since 1916.

text: Football[edit]

text: The Chicago Bears of the National Football League played at Wrigley Field from 1921 to 1970 before relocating to Soldier Field. The team had transferred from Decatur, and retained the name "Staleys" for the 1921 season. They renamed themselves the "Bears" in order to identify with the baseball team, a common practice in the NFL in those days. Wrigley Field once held the record for the most NFL games played in a single stadium with 365 regular season NFL games, but this record was surpassed in September 2003 by Giants Stadium in New Jersey, thanks to its dual-occupancy by the New York Giants and New York Jets. The game played between the Jets and Miami Dolphins on September 14, 2003 was the 366th regular season NFL game at Giants Stadium breaking Wrigley's regular season record.[33] The 50 seasons the Bears spent at Wrigley Field had been an NFL record until 2006 when Lambeau Field duplicated this feat by hosting the Green Bay Packers for the 50th season, and broke it in 2007.

text: Initially the Bears worked with the stands that were there. Eventually they acquired a large, portable bleacher section that spanned the right and center field areas and covered most of the existing bleacher seating and part of the right field corner seating. This "East Stand" raised Wrigley's football capacity to about 47,000, or a net gain of perhaps 9,000 seats over normal capacity. After the Bears left, this structure would live on for several years as the "North Stand" at Soldier Field, until it was replaced by permanent seating.

text: The football field ran north-to-south, i.e. from left field to the foul side of first base. The remodeling of the bleachers made for a very tight fit for the gridiron. In fact, the corner of the south end zone was literally in the visiting baseball team's dugout, which was filled with pads for safety, and required a special ground rule that sliced off that corner of the end zone. The end zone was also shorter than the north, as the south end zone was eight yards, compared to the regulation 10 yards.[67] One corner of the north end line ran just inches short of the left field wall. There is a legend that Bronko Nagurski, the great Bears fullback, steamrolled through the line, head down, and ran all the way through that end zone, smacking his leather-helmeted head on the bricks. He went back to the bench and told Coach "Papa Bear" George Halas, "That last guy gave me quite a lick!" That kind of incident prompted the Bears to hang some padding in front of the wall.

text: The Bears are second only to the Packers in total NFL championships, and all but one of those (their only Super Bowl championship) came during their tenure at Wrigley. After a half-century, they found themselves compelled to move, because the NFL wanted every one of its stadiums to seat at least 50,000 as a result of the AFL–NFL merger. The Bears had one experimental game at Dyche Stadium (now Ryan Field) on the Northwestern University campus in 1970, but otherwise continued at Wrigley until their transfer to the lakefront ended their five-decades run on the north side. One remnant of the Bears' time at Wrigley was uncovered during the off-season 2007–2008 rebuilding of the playing field: the foundations for the goal posts. Five NFL championship games were played at Wrigley Field; 1933, 1937, 1941, 1943 and 1963.

text: The Northwestern Wildcats and the Illinois Fighting Illini played a college football game at Wrigley Field on November 20, 2010. It was the first football game at Wrigley Field since 1970 and the first collegiate football game at Wrigley Field since 1938 when the DePaul Blue Demons played its regular games at Wrigley.[68] The field used an east–west field configuration (third base to right field). In order to keep the playing field at regulation size, the safety clearances for each end zone to the walls in the field were considerably less than normal. In particular, the east (right field) end zone came under scrutiny as its end zone was wedged extremely close to the right field wall (as close as one foot in some areas), forcing the goal posts to be hung from the right field wall in order to fit. Despite extra padding provided in these locations, it was decided that all offensive plays for both teams play to the west end zone, where there was more safety clearance. The east end zone could still be used on defensive and special teams touchdowns, as well as defensive safeties; and, in fact, there was one interception run back for an eastbound touchdown.[69] Big Ten Commissioner Jim Delany said that as late as three days before the game, he had only been apprised that the situation wasn't "anything other than tight." When he had a chance to fully vet the situation, however, he concluded that the space surrounding the east end zone was smaller than the minimum of six feet stipulated in NCAA rules, and it would have been too great of a risk to allow offensive plays to be run toward that end zone.[70] The Fighting Illini won the game 48-27 taking home the Land of Lincoln Trophy, which was introduced in 2009.

text: Soccer[edit]

text: The Chicago Sting of the North American Soccer League (NASL) used Wrigley, along with Comiskey Park, for their home matches during the late 1970s and early 1980s. The Sting hosted the San Diego Sockers on August 25, 1979 at Wrigley when the Bears were using Soldier Field.[71] Unlike the Bears' American football layout, the soccer pitch ran east-to-west, from right field to the foul territory on the third-base side.[72] Soccer returned to Wrigley Field in July 2012, when Italian club A.S. Roma played Poland's Zaglebie Lubin in a friendly match.[73]

text:
Date
Winning Team
Result
Losing Team
Tournament
Spectators

July 22, 2012
 A.S. Roma
4–0
 Zaglebie Lubin
Friendly
22,181

text: Hockey[edit]

text: On January 1, 2009, the National Hockey League played its 2009 Winter Classic in The Friendly Confines pitting two "Original Six" teams – the host Chicago Blackhawks and the visiting Detroit Red Wings – in an outdoor ice hockey game. The rink ran across the field from first base to third base with second base being covered by roughly the center of the rink. The attendance for this game was 40,818. The Red Wings won 6–4.[74]

text: Concerts[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Since 2005, Wrigley Field has been opened on a limited basis to popular concerts, not without some controversy.[75] Local neighborhood groups[who?] have expressed concerns about the impact of concert crowds and noise on the surrounding residential neighborhood, particularly in 2009 when three concerts were added to the schedule, one conflicting with an annual neighborhood festival.

text: List of concerts at Wrigley Field[76]

text:
Date
Artist
Opening act(s)
Tour / Concert name
Attendance
Revenue
Notes

September 4, 2005
Jimmy Buffett
—
A Salty Piece of Land Tour
78,755 / 78,755
$7,897,550
These shows were his first ever at the ballpark and were captured on DVD with the release “Live in Wrigley Field.”[77]

September 5, 2005

July 5, 2007
The Police
Fiction Plane
The Police Reunion Tour
79,458 / 79,458
$9,494,248

July 6, 2007

July 16, 2009
Elton John
Billy Joel
Billie Joe Armstrong
Face to Face 2009
77,520 / 77,520
$11,154,840

July 18, 2009
Rascal Flatts
Dierks Bentley
Darius Rucker
American Living Unstoppable Tour
36,500 / 36,500
$2,512,250
The first country music group to play the ballpark.[78]

July 21, 2009
Elton John
Billy Joel
—
Face to Face 2009
[a]
[a]

September 17, 2010
Dave Matthews Band
Jason Mraz
Summer 2010 Tour
78,302 / 78,302
$5,942,991

September 18, 2010
This show was recorded for the album "Live at Wrigley Field".

July 31, 2011
Paul McCartney
DJ Chris Holmes
On the Run
83,988 / 83,988
$10,929,728
This was his first visit to Chicago since 2005.

August 1, 2011

June 8, 2012
Roger Waters
—
The Wall Live
36,881 / 36,881
$4,388,860

June 9, 2012
Brad Paisley
Miranda Lambert
Chris Young
The Band Perry
Jerrod Niemann
Virtual Reality World Tour
37,889 / 37,889
$3,012,600

September 7, 2012
Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band
—
Wrecking Ball World Tour
84,218 / 84,218
$7,090,141
Eddie Vedder was the special guest.

September 8, 2012

July 19, 2013
Pearl Jam
—
Lightning Bolt Tour
—
—
The show became the fastest concert to sell-out at Wrigley Field.[79] The show was interrupted for more than two hours due to the threat of lightning.[80]

July 20, 2013
Jason Aldean
Miranda Lambert
Thomas Rhett
Jake Owen
DeeJay Silver
2013 Night Train Tour
39,846 / 39,846
$3,111,156
Footage from this show was featured in a live concert DVD entitled 'Night Train to Georgia'.[81] Kelly Clarkson was the special guest.

July 18, 2014
Billy Joel
Gavin DeGraw
Billy Joel in Concert
41,957 / 41,957
$4,668,557

July 19, 2014
Blake Shelton
The Band Perry
Dan + Shay
Neal McCoy
2014 Ten Times Crazier Tour
40,912 / 40,912
$2,697,990
This was his first stadium show at the ballpark.

September 13, 2014
Zac Brown Band
—
The Great American Road Trip Tour
37,467 / 41,495
$2,906,949

August 27, 2015
Billy Joel
Gavin DeGraw
Billy Joel in Concert
41,183 / 41,183
$4,521,252

August 29, 2015
Foo Fighters
Cheap Trick
Naked Raygun
Urge Overkill
Sonic Highways World Tour
40,788 / 40,788
$2,501,510
Cheap Trick and Urge Overkill were special guests.[82]

September 11, 2015
Zac Brown Band
—
Jekyll and Hyde Tour
40,039 / 40,162
$2,836,616

September 15, 2015
AC/DC
Vintage Trouble
Rock or Bust World Tour
29,732 / 29,732
$3,024,480

June 24, 2016
Phish
—
2016 Summer Tour
83,588 / 84,356
$4,761,063
These shows were webcast via Live Phish. During the second show, Happy Birthday was played for Phish tour manager Richard Glasgow.[83]

June 25, 2016

June 30, 2016
James Taylor
Jackson Browne
Before This World Tour
39,441 / 40,624
$3,951,938

August 20, 2016
Pearl Jam
—
2016 North America Tour
83,478 / 84,951
$5,712,625
At their second show, Dennis Rodman was the special guest.[84][85][86][87]

August 22, 2016

August 26, 2016
Billy Joel
—
Billy Joel in Concert
41,997 / 41,997
$4,876,038

August 27, 2016
Luke Bryan
Little Big Town
Dustin Lynch
DJ Rock
Kill the Lights Tour
41,819 / 41,819
$4,457,358

June 29, 2017
Tom Petty & The Heartbreakers
Chris Stapleton
40th Anniversary Tour
40,345 / 40,345
$4,169,953

June 30, 2017
Dead & Company
—
Dead & Company Summer Tour 2017
79,489 / 86,856
$6,357,746
The July 1 show set the attendance record for the most tickets sold for a single concert at Wrigley Field, with 43,600 sold.[88]

July 1, 2017

July 15, 2017
Jimmy Buffett
Huey Lewis and the News
I Don't Know Tour 2017
41,788 / 42,309
$4,211,407

July 17, 2017
James Taylor
Bonnie Raitt
2017 US Summer Tour
28,890 / 41,688
$2,380,017

August 11, 2017
Billy Joel
—
Billy Joel in Concert
41,920 / 41,920
$4,694,156

August 12, 2017
Florida Georgia Line
Backstreet Boys
Nelly
Chris Lane
Smooth Tour
42,387 / 42,387
$3,387,468

August 24, 2017
Green Day
Catfish and the Bottlemen
Revolution Radio Tour
32,491 / 42,442
$1,901,635
[89]

August 25, 2017
Lady Gaga
DJ White Shadow
Joanne World Tour
41,847 / 41,847
$5,213,820
First female performer to headline at the ballpark.[90][91]

August 26, 2017
Zac Brown Band
Hunter Hayes
Welcome Home Tour
40,603 / 42,196
$3,269,267

July 14, 2018
Def Leppard
Journey
TBA
Def Leppard & Journey 2018 Tour
TBA
TBA

July 29, 2018
Foo Fighters
TBA
Concrete and Gold Tour
TBA
TBA

July 30, 2018

August 18, 2018
Pearl Jam
TBA
Pearl Jam 2018 Tour
TBA
TBA

August 20, 2018

September 1, 2018
Luke Bryan
Sam Hunt
Jon Pardi
Morgan Wallen
What Makes You Country Tour
TBA
TBA

September 7, 2018
Billy Joel
—
Billy Joel in Concert
TBA
TBA

September 8, 2018
Fall Out Boy
Rise Against
Machine Gun Kelly
Mania Tour
TBA
TBA

text: Traditions and mainstays[edit]

text: Corporate sponsorship[edit]

text: Wrigley Field shares its name with the Wrigley Company, as the park was named for its then-owner, William Wrigley Jr., the CEO of the Wrigley Company. As early as the 1920s, before the park became officially known as Wrigley Field, the scoreboard was topped by the elf-like "Doublemint Twins", posed as a pitcher and a batter. There were also ads painted on the bare right field wall early in the ballpark's history, prior to the 1923 remodeling which put bleachers there. After that, the Doublemint elves were the only visible in-park advertising. The elves were removed permanently in 1937 when the bleachers and scoreboard were rebuilt. It would be about 44 years before in-park advertising would reappear.

text: Ironically given the roots of its name, Wrigley Field had been a notable exception to the trend of selling corporate naming rights to sporting venues. The Tribune Company, owners of the park from 1981 to 2009, chose not to rename the ballpark, utilizing other ways to bring corporate sponsorship into the ballpark. During the mid-1980s, Anheuser-Busch placed Budweiser and Bud Light advertisements beneath the center field scoreboard. Bud Light became the sponsor of the rebuilt bleachers in 2006.

text: In the early 2000s, following the trend of many ballparks, a green-screen chroma key board was installed behind home plate, in the line of sight of the center field TV camera, to allow electronic "rotating" advertisements visible only to the TV audiences. By 2006, the board was set up to allow advertisements to be both physical and electronic (thus they can be seen in both live and replay shots).

text: In 2007, the first on-field advertising appeared since the park's early days. Sporting goods firm Under Armour placed its logo on the double-doors between the ivy on the outfield wall, in left-center and right-center fields. Advertisements were also placed in the dugouts, originally for Sears department stores, then Walter E. Smithe furniture and now State Farm insurance.

text: For 2008 and 2009, the Cubs worked out an agreement with the Chicago Board Options Exchange to allow the CBOE to auction some 70 box seat season tickets and award naming rights to them.[92]

text: For the 2009 season, the Cubs announced that the renovated restaurant space in the southeast corner of Wrigley Field, formerly known as the Friendly Confines Cafe, will be renamed the Captain Morgan Club.[93]

text: On October 27, 2009, Thomas S. Ricketts officially took over 95% ownership of the Chicago Cubs, Wrigley Field and 20% ownership of Comcast SportsNet Chicago. The Tribune will retain 5% ownership.[94] Ricketts, however, has expressed no interest in selling the naming rights to Wrigley Field, preferring that it retain the name it has used since 1926.

text: Outside venues[edit]

text: Corporate sponsorship has not been limited to the park itself. Wrigley Field is famous for its view of the neighborhood buildings across Waveland and Sheffield Avenues. In addition to spectators standing or sitting on the apartment roofs, corporate sponsors have frequently taken advantage of those locations as well. In the earliest days of Weeghman Park, one building across Sheffield Avenue advertised a local hangout known as Bismarck Gardens (later called the Marigold Gardens after World War I). That same building has since advertised for the Torco Oil Company, Southwest Airlines, the Miller Brewing Company, and Gilbert's Craft Sausages.

text: A building across from deep right-center field was topped by a neon sign for Baby Ruth candy beginning in the mid-1930s and running for some 40 years. That placement by the Chicago-based Curtiss Candy Company, coincidentally positioned in the line of sight of "Babe Ruth's called shot", proved fortuitous when games began to be televised in the 1940s—the sign was also in the line of sight of the ground level camera behind and to the left of home plate. The aging sign was eventually removed in the early 1970s.

text: Another long-standing venue for a sign is the sloping roof of a building behind left-center field. Unsuitable for the bleachers that now decorate many of those buildings, that building's angling roof has been painted in the form of a large billboard since at least the 1940s. In recent years it has borne a bright-red Budweiser sign and, beginning in 2009, an advertisement for Horseshoe Casino. Other buildings have carried signs sponsoring beers, such as Old Style (when it was a Cubs broadcasting sponsor) and Miller; and also WGN-TV, which has telecast Cubs games since April 1948.

text: Legacy Partners[edit]

text: In January 2013 the Ricketts family began to form the Legacy Partners, a new marketing and sponsorship strategy to better handle the changing sponsorship opportunities in and around renovated Wrigley Field. In conjunction with the newly created W Partners,[95] the Cubs entered into exclusive 10 year agreements with its largest sponsorship investors.

text:
– Anheuser-Busch
– Starwood Hotels, "Official Hotel of the Chicago Cubs" and a new hotel to be developed across the street from Wrigley Field.
– Under Armour [96]
– ATI Physical Therapy, a national Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation organization [97]
– Wintrust Financial Corporation, a Chicago-based regional bank holding company [98]
– Sloan Valve [99]
– American Airlines [100]
– Nuveen Investments [101]
– Advocate Health Care, the largest health care provider in Illinois.
– Toyota Motor Corporation [102] A permanent position just below the Clark and Addison marquee and other signage in and around the park and Wrigley Field parking lots.[62]
– PepsiCo [103][104]

tag: ol

text: Win flag[edit]

text: Beginning in the days of P.K. Wrigley and the 1937 bleacher/scoreboard reconstruction, a flag with either a "W" or an "L" has flown from atop the scoreboard masthead, indicating the day's result. In case of a doubleheader that is split, both flags are flown.[105]

text: Past Cubs media guides show that the original flags were blue with a white "W" and white with a blue "L", the latter coincidentally suggesting "surrender". In 1978, blue and white lights were mounted atop the scoreboard, to further denote wins and losses.

text: The flags were replaced in the early 1980s, and the color schemes were reversed with the "win flag" being white with a blue W, and the "loss flag" the opposite. In 1982, the retired number of Ernie Banks was flying on a foul pole, as white with blue numbers, in 1987, the retired number of Billy Williams joined Banks, the two flags were positioned from the foul poles, Banks from left field, and Williams from right field. Later on, the team retired numbers for Ron Santo, Ryne Sandberg, Ferguson Jenkins and Greg Maddux, with Jenkins and Maddux both using the same number (31).

text: Keeping with tradition, fans are known to bring win flags to home and away games, and displaying them after a Cubs win. Flags are also sold at the ballpark. On April 24, 2008, the Cubs flew an extra white flag displaying "10,000" in blue, along with the win flag, as the 10,000th win in team history was achieved on the road the previous night. Alongside the tradition of the "W" and "L" flags, the song "Go Cubs Go" is sung after each home win. Also, following the 2015 addition of the park's Daktronics video screens, the large "W" in the "Wintrust" logo on the left field video screen is kept on following Cubs' wins.

text: Take Me Out to the Ball Game[edit]

text: The tradition of singing "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" at Cubs home games began when Hall of Fame announcer Harry Caray arrived in 1982 (he had sung it the preceding seven years as a broadcaster for the White Sox), and it has remained a Wrigley Field staple. After Caray's death, the tradition of a guest conductor began, with former baseball players, other sports stars, actors, and other celebrities invited to sing during the Seventh Inning Stretch. Among the best-known guests have been former Bears coach Mike Ditka, former Cubs second baseman Ryne Sandberg, former pitcher Mike Krukow, former longtime Cubs first baseman Mark Grace, former Houston Rockets star Tracy McGrady, Chicago Blackhawks forwards Jonathan Toews and Patrick Kane, Chicago Bears quarterback Jay Cutler, comedian Jay Leno, NASCAR driver Jeff Gordon, singers Ozzy Osbourne and Eddie Vedder, boxer and actor Mr. T, actor and lifelong Cub fan Gary Sinise, actors, Tom Arnold, James Belushi, Bill Murray, WWE wrestler/Chicago native CM Punk, Vince Vaughn, and Illinois-native country music singer Brett Eldredge.

text: Writing on the Wall[edit]

text: During the 2016 postseason, someone wrote a message in chalk on the outer brick wall of the stadium along Waveland and Sheffield avenues. This started a chain reaction and more fans began to write their own messages on the wall. The messages were anything from words of support expressed towards the team or just a name. Chalk covered a majority of the wall, to point where fans had to bring step ladders in order to reach space for their message.[106] The Cubs themselves encouraged event by supplying chalk and adding extra security.[107] The event gained both local and national attention, receiving coverage from Foxsports and The Boston Globe.[108][109]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Wrigley Field had a brief cameo in the 1980 film The Blues Brothers, starring John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd as Jake and Elwood Blues. In the film, Elwood lists 1060 W. Addison as his fake home address on his Illinois driver's license, tricking the police and later the Nazis listening on police radio into heading for Wrigley Field. The 1984 film The Natural, starring Robert Redford, had a scene set at Wrigley but was actually filmed at All-High Stadium in Buffalo, New York. All other baseball action scenes in that movie were shot in Buffalo, at the since-demolished War Memorial Stadium.

text: During Cubs games, fans will often stand outside the park on Waveland Avenue, waiting for home run balls hit over the wall and out of the park. However, as a tradition, Cubs fans inside and sometimes even outside the park will promptly throw any home run ball hit by an opposing player back onto the field of play, a ritual depicted in the 1977 stage play Bleacher Bums and in the 1993 film Rookie of the Year.

text: The ballpark was featured in a scene in the 1986 film Ferris Bueller's Day Off, where the outside marquee read "Save Ferris". Many scenes from Rookie of the Year were filmed at Wrigley Field. The director, John Hughes, originally wanted to film at Comiskey Park (he was a White Sox fan) but the team was out of town during filming. Later, the 2006 film The Break-Up would use Wrigley Field as the setting for its opening scene. An early 1990s film about Babe Ruth had the obligatory scene in Wrigley Field about the "called shot" (the ballpark also doubled as Yankee Stadium for the film). A scoreboard similar to the one existing in 1932 was used, atop an ivy wall (though that did not exist until later in the decade).

text: The ballpark was used for the establishing tryouts scene in A League of Their Own (1992). This film was a Hollywood account of the 1940s women's baseball league which Cubs owner P.K. Wrigley championed during World War II. Garry Marshall (older brother of the film's director Penny Marshall) has a cameo as "Walter Harvey", Wrigley's fictional alter ego. The sign behind the scoreboard was temporarily redone to read "Harvey Field", and filming was split between Wrigley and Cantigny Park near Wheaton, Illinois.

text: Many television series have made featured scenes set in Wrigley Field, including ER, Crime Story, Chicago Hope, Prison Break, Perfect Strangers, My Boys, and Mike & Molly. Also, the animated comedy Family Guy featured a scene at Wrigley Field that parodied the Steve Bartman incident. In an episode of The Simpsons titled "He Loves to Fly and He D'ohs", upon arriving in Chicago, Homer walks past a number of famous Chicago landmarks, including Wrigley Field, followed by a generic-looking stadium bearing the name "Wherever the White Sox play". In 2007, the band Nine Inch Nails created a promotional audio skit, which involved Wrigley Field being the target of disgruntled war veteran's terrorist attack.[110]

text: The late-1970s comedy stage play Bleacher Bums was set in the right field bleachers at Wrigley. The video of the play was also set on a stage, with bleachers suggesting Wrigley's layout, rather than in the actual ballpark's bleachers. The tradition of throwing opposition home run balls back was explained by Dennis Franz's character: "If someone hands you some garbage, you have to throw it back at them!"

text: A dog park in the Wrightwood Neighbors section of Lincoln Park is named Wiggly Field (1997).

text: The stadium was also featured on the popular Travel Channel television show Great Hotels, starring Samantha Brown. She attended a game during a visit to Chicago.

text: Chicago folk singer Steve Goodman featured Wrigley Field as the setting for his popular Cubs lament "A Dying Cub Fan's Last Request", extolling both the trials of the Cubs and the place Wrigley Field holds in Cub fans' hearts. After his untimely death from leukemia, Goodman's ashes were in fact scattered at Wrigley Field as described in the lyrics.

text: The Statler Brothers' 1981 song "Don't Wait On Me" referred to a then-implausible situation: "When the lights go on at Wrigley Field". However, after lights were installed, the line was changed to "When they put a dome on Wrigley Field" for their 1989 Live-Sold Out album.[111]

text: A few brief shots of Wrigley Field appear in the 1949 movie It Happens Every Spring. It is also seen on the History Channel's show Life After People.

text: The stadium made a brief appearance in the open for the first episode of The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien, with Conan rushing through the turnstiles while running from New York (where his previous show, Late Night with Conan O'Brien, was taped) to Los Angeles (where his new show was taped, until his role as host ended on January 22, 2010) and then running onto the field while being chased by Cubs security. The route O'Brien takes is somewhat misleading, as he is shown running south on Michigan Avenue past the Tribune Tower before arriving at Wrigley Field, which is well north of the Tribune Tower.

text: In the movie Category 6: Day of Destruction, a terrorist turns off all the electricity at the stadium for a few minutes to demonstrate how hackers could penetrate city electrical systems.

text: An overgrown Wrigley Field is shown in the new television series Revolution (2012)

text: On the Sonic Youth live album Smart Bar Chicago 85 the band introduce the final song, 'Making The Nature Scene', as being about 'Tripping on Acid at Wrigley Field'.

text: There is a sociologist and demographer called Elizabeth Wrigley-Field who is currently teaching at Columbia University, N.Y.[112] She has her name from her parents (her mother was a Wrigley, her father a Field) but they called her simply Field, so she had to take legal steps to change her name to Wrigley-Field.[113]

text: Accessibility and transportation[edit]

text: The Red Line stop at Addison is less than one block east of Wrigley Field. (The stadium was originally built for proximity to the train tracks.) At the conclusion of games, the scoreboard operator raises to the top of the center field scoreboard either a white flag with a blue "W" to signify a Cubs victory or a blue flag with a white "L" for a loss. This is done to show the outcome of the game to passengers on passing "L" trains, and also to anyone passing by the park. Interestingly, the basic flag color was once the exact opposite of the colors used today (the rationale being that white is the traditional color for surrender). In addition to rail service, the CTA provides several bus routes which service Wrigley. CTA bus routes #22 Clark, #152 Addison and #154 Wrigley Field Express all provide access to the ballpark. Pace also operates the #282 Schaumburg-Wrigley Field Express from Woodfield Mall in Schaumburg and the #779 Yorktown-Wrigley Field Express from Yorktown Shopping Center in Lombard. Biking to the field is also a popular alternative. As Halsted, Addison, and Clark streets all have designated biking lanes, getting to the field via bicycle is a widely used way to avoid hectic pre- and postgame traffic; Wrigley Field offers a complimentary bike check program to accommodate for them. Cyclists may check their bikes up to 2 hours before games at the bike racks off of Waveland Ave, and may pick up their bikes up to one hour after games end.[114]

text: Parking in the area remains scarce, but that does not seem to bother fans who want to come to this baseball mecca, which has drawn more than 3 million fans every year from 2004 until 2011 averaging to a near-sellout every day of the season, even with many weekday afternoon games. The little parking that is available around the park can go for as much as $100 per space. To partially alleviate this problem, the Cubs sponsor a parking shuttle service from the nearby DeVry University campus at Belmont and Western as part of their agreement with local neighborhood groups. This was not available during the last World Series prior to 2016, in 1945 against the Detroit Tigers, so [115] cars parked as much as a mile away on residential streets and fans walked to Wrigley Field.

text: Commemorative stamps[edit]

text: In 2001, a series of commemorative postage stamps on the subject of baseball parks was issued by the U.S. Postal Service. Most of them were engravings taken from old colorized postcards, including the illustration of Wrigley Field. In the case of Wrigley, the famous scoreboard was sliced off, presumably to hide the original postcard's banner containing the park's name. It may also be observed that the original black-and-white aerial photo, presumably from the 1945 World Series, was taken from nearly the identical spot as the photo of the 1935 Series, allowing a comparison before and after the 1937 alterations to the bleachers. The stamp and its sources also provide a rare look at the center field bleachers filled with spectators, a practice which was later discontinued due to the risk to batters, who might lose the flight of a pitch amidst the white shirts. This led to the development of darker backgrounds to the pitchers mounds.


document_title: Search warrant

question_text: who has the power to issue a search warrant or a warrant of arrest

root

text: Search warrant

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In England and Wales, a local magistrate issues search warrants, which require that a constable provide evidence that supports the warrant application. In the majority of cases where police already hold someone in custody, police can search premises[clarification needed] without a search warrant under Section 18 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE), which requires only the authority of an inspector.

tag: p

text: Under Section 18(5)a of PACE, a constable can conduct a search immediately without an inspector's authorisation. This subsection allows a constable to search the home of a suspect(s) under arrest in their presence before they take the suspect to a police station (or other custody location). Under Section 32 of PACE, a constable who arrests a person who is on their own property or has just left their premises, may immediately search both the suspect and the immediate area.

text: In Scotland, a country operating on the distinct legal system of Scots law compared to England and Wales - the restrictions governing the use and execution of search warrants are set out under Part XIII under the Criminal Procedure (Scotland) Act 1995. Search warrants must be signed by a Sheriff after a petition from police.[1]

text: Gas company officials may enter a home to inspect, repair, or replace gas meters and gas appliances by obtaining a warrant.[2]

text: Canada[edit]

text: To get a warrant, police must present a judge with an ITO (information to obtain) form that contains reasonable and probable grounds to believe that an offence has been or is being committed, and that the authorization sought will afford evidence of that offence. This hearing is 'ex parte' meaning only the crown is present. This fact obliges the police to include any known facts that hurt their application.[3]

text: After a search the occupants have a copy of the warrant and may get hold of the ITO through crown disclosure[4] if the occupant(s) are charged. There are numerous different warrant procedures in the Criminal Code, some have specific requirements such as being served during daytime or having a named supervising officer present in the case of a home search.[5] If these(see link)[6] requirements are not met by the police the evidence found may become admissible against the accused at trial.

text: United States[edit]

text: Under the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution, most police searches require a search warrant based on probable cause, although there are exceptions. In the absence of valid consent or an exception to the warrant requirement, whether for purposes of effecting a search or an arrest, police entry in an individual's home always requires a warrant. The probable cause standard for obtaining a search warrant is lower than the quantum of proof required for a later conviction, proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

text: Under the Fourth Amendment, search warrants must be reasonable and specific. This means that a search warrant must reasonably identify the items to be searched for and the place where law enforcement officials are authorized to search for those items. Unless an exception to the warrant requirement applies, the search of other buildings or areas of a building, persons or vehicles, or the search for additional items that do not reasonably fall under the original warrant, will normally require additional search warrants.

text: To obtain a search warrant, an officer must prove to a magistrate or judge that probable cause exists for the proposed search, based upon direct information (i.e., the officer's personal observation) or other reliable information. An application for a search warrant will often rely upon hearsay information, such as information obtained from a confidential informant, as long as probable cause exists based on the totality of the circumstances. Police can seize both property and persons under a search warrant.  The rationale is that evidence police collect without a search warrant may not be sufficient to convict, but may be sufficient to suggest that a warrant would allow police to find enough evidence to convict.

text: The issue of federal warrants is determined under Title 18 of the United States Code. The law has been restated and extended under Rule 41 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.[7] Federal search warrants may be prepared on Form AO 93, Search and Seizure Warrant.[8] Although the laws are broadly similar, each state has its own laws and rules of procedure governing the issuance of warrants.

text: Search warrants are normally available to the public.  On the other hand, they may be sealed if they contain sensitive information. [9]

text: Exceptions[edit]

text: Certain searches don't require a search warrant. For example,[10]

text:
Consent: a warrant is not required when a person in control of the object or property gives consent for the search.
Hot pursuit of a felon (to prevent a felon's escape or ability to harm others);
Imminent destruction of evidence: where evidence might be destroyed before a warrant can be properly obtained;
Emergency searches: such as where someone is heard screaming for help inside a dwelling; or
Search incident to arrest (to mitigate the risk of harm to the arresting officers specifically).[11]
Public safety: a warrantless search may be permissible in an emergency situation where the public is in danger.
Plain view: evidence is in the plain view of law enforcement officers, from a lawful vantage point (with similar exceptions that include plain smell, where the officer detects an odor that clearly indicates the presence of contraband or criminal activity).

tag: ul

text: In a plain view case, the officer is legitimately on the premises, his observation is from a legitimate vantage point, and it is immediately obvious that the evidence is contraband. The plain view rule applies, for example, when the officer has pulled the suspect over for a seat belt violation and sees a syringe on the passenger seat.[12]

text: Protective sweep[edit]

text: If the subject is arrested in a home or vehicle, police may perform a protective search to make sure that there are no weapons within the vicinity.[13] For example, they may search for weapons the room where they arrested the subject of a warrant, and conduct a "protective sweep" of the premises if they reasonably suspect that other individuals may be hiding.

text: Rental properties and hotel rooms[edit]

text: With rented property, a landlord may refuse to allow law enforcement to search a tenant's apartment without a search warrant, and police must obtain a warrant under the same guidelines as if the tenant were the owner of the property.[14]

text: People who are occupying rooms at hotels or motels have a reasonable expectation of privacy in their rooms. However, a warrantless search may be possible if the hotel guest has property in their room a considerable period of time after the scheduled check-out time.[15]

text: Motor vehicle exception[edit]

text: As first established by Carroll v. United States, police are allowed to search a vehicle without a search warrant when they have probable cause to believe that evidence or contraband is located in a vehicle.[16][17] When police arrest an individual shortly after the individual has exited a vehicle, the police may conduct a full search of the suspect's person, any area within that person's immediate reach, and the passenger compartment of the recently occupied vehicle for weapons or any other contraband. However, Arizona v. Gant limits such searches to circumstances where the arrested person could have accessed the vehicle, or when the vehicle could contain evidence of the crime the person is arrested for.[18] As per Collins v. Virginia, the exception does not apply when the vehicle is on the private property of its owner.

text: Border search exception[edit]

text: Under The Border Search Exception custom and immigration officers are not required to have a warrant or probable cause to conduct searches and seizures at international borders and their functional equivalents.[19]

text: This doctrine is not actually an exception to the Fourth Amendment, but rather to the Amendment's requirement for a warrant or probable cause. Balanced against the sovereign's interests at the border are the Fourth Amendment rights of entrants. Not only is the expectation of privacy less at the border than in the interior, the Fourth Amendment balance between the interests of the Government and the privacy right of the individual is also struck much more favorably to the Government at the border. This balance at international borders means that routine searches are "reasonable" there, and therefore do not violate the Fourth Amendment's proscription against "unreasonable searches and seizures".

text: Delayed notice[edit]

text: A sneak and peek search warrant (officially called a delayed notice warrant and also a covert entry search warrant or a surreptitious entry search warrant) is a search warrant authorizing the law enforcement officers executing it to effect physical entry into private premises without the owner's or the occupant's permission or knowledge and to clandestinely search the premises.

text: Gag orders[edit]

text: In California, the California Electronic Communications Privacy Act mandates that in certain cases concerning electronic search warrants that the court issue gag orders "[...] prohibiting any party providing information from notifying any other party that information has been sought [...]".[20]


document_title: CONCACAF Gold Cup

question_text: who has won the most gold cups in soccer

text: CONCACAF Gold Cup

text: History[edit]

text: Championships before CONCACAF[edit]

text: Before the Confederation of North, Central American and Caribbean Association Football (CONCACAF) was formed in 1961, association football in the region was divided into smaller, regional divisions. The two main bodies consisted of the Confederación Centroamericana y del Caribe de Fútbol (CCCF) founded in 1938 (consisting of Central America and most of the Caribbean) and the North American Football Confederation (NAFC) founded in 1946 (consisting of the North American nations of United States, Mexico, Canada, and Cuba). Each confederation held its own competition, the CCCF Championship and the NAFC Championship. The CCCF held 10 championships from 1941–1961, Costa Rica winning seven (1941, ’46, ’48, ’53, ’55, ’60, ’61), and one each by El Salvador (1943), Panama (1951) and Haiti (1957). The NAFC held four championships in 1947 and 1949 and later, after 41 years of absence, in 1990 and 1991 for the North American zone as the North American Nations Cup with Mexico winning two (47 & ’49) and Canada winning one (1990) before the introduction of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. [3]

text: CONCACAF Championship (1963–1989)[edit]

text: CONCACAF was founded in 1961 through the merging of NAFC and CCCF which resulted in a single championship being held for the continent. The first CONCACAF tournament was held in 1963 in El Salvador with Costa Rica becoming the first champion. The CONCACAF Campeonato de Naciones, as it was called, was held every two years from 1963–1973. The second tournament was held in Guatemala in 1965 when Mexico defeated the host country in the final of a six-team tournament. The 1967 competition was held in Honduras and saw a third champion crowned, Guatemala. Costa Rica won their second title as hosts in 1969, knocking off Guatemala, while two years later, Mexico won their second championship as the tournament moved to Trinidad & Tobago, the first time in the Caribbean. In 1973, the tournament kept the same format of six teams playing a single round-robin, but there were bigger stakes attached: CONCACAF’s berth in the FIFA World Cup tournament in 1974. In Port-au-Prince, Haiti, the host country pulled off a shocking upset by winning the tournament and claiming a spot in the World Cup in West Germany.

text: With the Campeonato de Naciones doubling as the final World Cup qualifying tournament, the next two editions were held in Mexico City and Tegucigalpa, Honduras in 1977 and 1981, respectively. In each case the host country was crowned champion and earned a spot in the World Cup. In 1985 and 1989, the winner of the World Cup qualifying tournament was again crowned Confederation champion. Canada and Costa Rica were named champions in 1985 and 1989, receiving a trophy.[4][better source needed]

text: CONCACAF Gold Cup (1991–present)[edit]

text: In 1990, CONCACAF brought the CONCACAF Championship to an end and created the CONCACAF Gold Cup, with the USA hosting the first competition in 1991. The host country was the inaugural champion of the eight-team tournament. Mexico dominated the remainder of the decade, winning three consecutive CONCACAF Gold Cup titles in 1993, 1996 and 1998.

text: In 1996, the Gold Cup field included its first guest team, the defending FIFA World Cup Champions Brazil. Guests were invited to participate in the six Gold Cup tournaments from 1996 to 2005. Starting with the 2000 Gold Cup, the tournament field was increased to twelve teams and for the 2007 tournament, the Gold Cup again was contested exclusively by nations within CONCACAF.

text: The 2007 Gold Cup was contested in the United States where the hosts successfully defended their title beating Mexico in the final 2–1 in Chicago; Canada and Guadeloupe shared third place. Mexico won the 2009 Gold Cup by beating the United States 5–0. In the 2011 Gold Cup, Mexico defeated the USA 4–2 in the final while the USA won the 2013 Gold Cup by beating Panama 1–0.

text: Since the formation of the Gold Cup in 1991, the CONCACAF Championship has been won seven times by Mexico, six times by the United States, and once by Canada. Runners-up include Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Honduras, Panama, and Jamaica.

text: In January 2017, Victor Montagliani announced the expansion of the Gold Cup from 12 to 16 teams, starting with the 2019 tournament.[5]

text: Tournament results[edit]

text:
CONCACAF Gold Cup

Year
Host

Final

Third Place Match

Winner
Score
Runner-up
3rd Place
Score
4th Place

1991
Details
 United States

United States
0–0 a.e.t.
(4–3 pen.)

Honduras

Mexico
2–0

Costa Rica

1993
Details
 United States
 Mexico

Mexico
4–0

United States
 Costa Rica
 Jamaica
1–1
a.e.t. (1)

1996
Details
 United States

Mexico
2–0

Brazil

United States
3–0

Guatemala

1998
Details
 United States

Mexico
1–0

United States

Brazil
1–0

Jamaica

2000
Details
 United States

Canada
2–0

Colombia
Not Held

 Peru
 Trinidad and Tobago

2002
Details
 United States

United States
2–0

Costa Rica

Canada
2–1

South Korea

2003
Details
 United States
 Mexico

Mexico
1–0
a.s.d.e.t.

Brazil

United States
3–2

Costa Rica

2005
Details
 United States

United States
0–0 a.e.t.
(3–1 pen.)

Panama
Not held

 Colombia
 Honduras

2007
Details
 United States

United States
2–1

Mexico
 Canada
 Guadeloupe

2009
Details
 United States

Mexico
5–0

United States
 Costa Rica
 Honduras

2011
Details
 United States

Mexico
4–2

United States
 Honduras
 Panama

2013
Details
 United States

United States
1–0

Panama
 Honduras
 Mexico

2015
Details
 United States
 Canada

Mexico
3–1

Jamaica

Panama
1–1 a.e.t.
(3–2 pen.)

United States

2017
Details
 United States

United States
2–1

Jamaica
Not held

 Costa Rica
 Mexico

2019
TBA

TBD
-
TBD

TBD

tag: table

text: (1) Costa Rica and Jamaica shared third place.

text: Teams in italics are guest nations.

text: Performance by country[edit]

text: The following table shows cumulative top four results for all editions of the CONCACAF Gold Cup. The Third Place column lists third-place match winners, and teams eliminated in semi-finals in years without a third-place match.

text:
Team
Winners
Runners-up
Third Place
Fourth Place

 Mexico
7 (1993, 1996, 1998, 2003, 2009, 2011, 2015)
1 (2007)
3 (1991, 2013, 2017)
—

 United States
6 (1991, 2002, 2005, 2007, 2013, 2017)
4 (1993, 1998, 2009, 2011)
2 (1996, 2003)
1 (2015)

 Canada
1 (2000)
—
2 (2002, 2007)
—

 Panama
—
2 (2005, 2013)
2 (2011, 2015)
—

 Jamaica
—
2 (2015, 2017)
1 (1993)
1 (1998)

 Brazil
—
2 (1996, 2003)
1 (1998)
—

 Honduras
—
1 (1991)
4 (2005, 2009, 2011, 2013)
—

 Costa Rica
—
1 (2002)
3 (1993, 2009, 2017)
2 (1991, 2003)

 Colombia
—
1 (2000)
1 (2005)
—

 Peru
—
—
1 (2000)
—

 Trinidad and Tobago
—
—
1 (2000)
—

 Guadeloupe
—
—
1 (2007)
—

 Guatemala
—
—
—
1 (1996)

 South Korea
—
—
—
1 (2002)

text: Records and statistics[edit]

text: Media coverage[edit]

text: In the United States, the CONCACAF Gold Cup airs on Fox Sports (since 2007) and Univision Deportes (since 2000). In Mexico it airs on Televisa and TV Azteca. In Canada it switched to TSN in 2017, after years on Sportsnet.


document_title: List of largest cruise ships

question_text: how many passengers on a large cruise ship

text: List of largest cruise ships

text: In service[edit]

text:
#

Ship

Cruise line

Year

Grosstonnage

Length

Beam

Staterooms

Passenger capacity

Image

Maximum

Waterline

Double

Maximum

1

Symphony of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2018

228,081 GT[1]

1,188 ft (362.1 m)[1]

215.5 ft (65.7 m)[2]

156.75 ft (47.778 m)[1]

2,759[2]

5,518[2]

6,680[2]

2

Harmony of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2016

226,963 GT[3]

1,188.1 ft (362.12 m)[3]

215.5 ft (65.7 m)[4]

155.6 ft (47.42 m)[3]

2,747[4]

5,479*[4]

6,687[4]

3

Allure of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2010

225,282 GT[5]

1,187 ft (362 m)[6]

215 ft (66 m)[6]

154 ft (47 m)[5]

2,742[6]

5,484[6]

6,780[6]

Oasis of The Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2009

225,282 GT[7]

1,186.5 ft (361.6 m)[8]

215 ft (66 m)[8]

154 ft (47 m)[7]

2,742[8]

5,484[8]

6,780[8]

5

MSC Meraviglia

MSC Cruises

2017[9]

171,598 GT[10]

1,036.2 ft (315.83 m)[10]

171 ft (52 m)

141 ft (43 m)[10]

2,250[11]

4,500[11]

5,714[9]

6

Quantum of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2014

168,666 GT[12]

1,139 ft (347.08 m)[12]

162 ft (49.47 m)[12]

136 ft (41.4 m)[12]

2,090[13]

4,180[13]

4,905[13]

Anthem of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2015

168,666 GT[14]

1,139 ft (347.06 m)[14]

162 ft (49.4 m)[14]

136 ft (41.4 m)[14]

2,090[15]

4,180[15]

4,905[15]

Ovation of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2016

168,666 GT[16]

1,142 ft (348 m)[16]

160 ft (48.9 m)[16]

135 ft (41.2 m)[16]

2,091[17]

4,180*[17]

4,905[17]

9

Norwegian Bliss

Norwegian Cruise Line

2018

168,028 GT[18]

1,093.6 ft (333.32 m)[18]

158 ft (48.1 m)[18]

136 ft (41.4 m)[18]

4,200[19]

10

Norwegian Joy

Norwegian Cruise Line

2017

167,725 GT[20]

1,094.0 ft (333.46 m)[20]

136 ft (41.4 m)[20]

1,925

3,883[21]

11

Norwegian Escape

Norwegian Cruise Line

2015

165,157 GT[22]

1,069 ft (325.9 m)[22]

153 ft (46.5 m)[22]

136 ft (41.4 m)[22]

2,124[22]

4,248[22]

12

Liberty of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2007

155,889 GT[23]

1,112 ft (339 m)[24]

184 ft (56 m)[24]

128.1 ft (39.0 m)[23]

1,817[24]

3,634[24]

4,375[24]

13

Norwegian Epic

Norwegian Cruise Line

2010

155,873 GT[25]

1,081 ft (329.5 m)[26]

133 ft (40.6 m)[26]

2,114[26]

4,100[26]

5,183

14

Freedom of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2006

154,407 GT[27]

1,112 ft (339 m)[27]

184 ft (56 m)[27]

126.6 ft (38.6 m)[27]

1,817[27]

3,634[27]

4,375[27]

Independence of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2008

154,407 GT[28]

1,112 ft (339 m)[28]

184 ft (56 m)[28]

126.6 ft (38.6 m)[28]

1,817[28]

3,634[28]

4,375[28]

16

MSC Seaview[29]

MSC Cruises

2018

154,000 GT[30]

1,060 ft (320 m)[31]

135 ft (41 m)[31]

2,070[30]

4,140[30]

5,300[30]

17

MSC Seaside

MSC Cruises

2017

153,516 GT[32]

1,060 ft (320 m)[31]

135 ft (41 m)[31]

2,070[30]

4,140[30]

5,300[30]

18

Genting Dream

Dream Cruises

2016

150,695 GT [33]

1,100.2 ft (335.33 m)[33]

145 ft (44.1 m)[33]

130 ft (39.7 m)[33]

1,600

3,200

4,500

19

World Dream

Dream Cruises

2017

150,695 GT[34]

1,100 ft (335.2 m)[34]

145.5 ft (44.35 m)[34]

130.4 ft (39.75 m)[34]

1,680

3,360

4,500[35]

20

Queen Mary 2

Cunard Line

2004

149,215 GT[36]

1,132.0 ft (345.03 m)[36]

147 ft (45 m)[37]

135 ft (41 m)[36]

1,296[38]

2,592[38]

3,090[38]

21

Norwegian Breakaway

Norwegian Cruise Line

2013

145,655 GT[39]

1,068.4 ft (325.64 m)[39]

169.7 ft (51.7 m)[40]

130.3 ft (39.71 m)[39]

2,014[41]

3,963[40]

22

Norwegian Getaway

Norwegian Cruise Line

2014

145,655 GT[42]

1,068.4 ft (325.65 m)[42]

145.6 ft (44.39 m)[42]
130.3 ft (39.73 m)[42]

2,014

3,910

23

Majestic Princess

Princess Cruises

2017[43]

144,216 GT[44]

1,082.7 ft (330.0 m)[44]

126 ft (38.4 m)[44]

1,780[44]

3,560[44]

4,250

24

Britannia

P&O Cruises

2015

143,730 GT[45]

1,080 ft (330 m)[45]

125.9 ft (38.38 m)[45]

1,780

3,647

4,100

25

Royal Princess

Princess Cruises

2013

142,714 GT[46]

1,080 ft (330 m)[46]

155 ft (47 m)[47]

126 ft (38.4 m)[46]

1,780[47]

3,560

4,100[citation needed]

26

Regal Princess

Princess Cruises

2014

142,714 GT[48]

1,080 ft (330 m)[48]

125.6 ft (38.27 m)[48]

1,780

3,560

4,100

27

Navigator of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2002

139,570 GT[49]

1,020 ft (310 m)[50]

157.5 ft (48.0 m)[50]

127 ft (38.6 m)[49]

1,638[50]

3,276[50]

3,807[50]

28

MSC Divina

MSC Cruises

2012

139,072 GT[51]

1,082.7 ft (330.0 m)[51]

124 ft (37.9 m)[51]

1,739[52]

3,478[52]

3,959[52]

MSC Preziosa

MSC Cruises

2013

139,072 GT[53]

1,094 ft (333.3 m)[53]

124 ft (37.9 m)[53]

1,739[52]

3,478[52]

3,959[52]

30

Mariner of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2003

138,279 GT[54]

1,020.7 ft (311.12 m)[54]

157.5 ft (48.0 m)[55]

127 ft (38.6 m)[54]

1,557[55]

3,114[55]

3,807[55]

31

Explorer of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2000

138,194 GT[56]

1,020 ft (311 m)[56]

161 ft (49.1 m)[56]

127 ft (38.6 m)[56]

1,557[57]

3,114[57]

3,840[57]

Voyager of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

1999

138,194 GT[58]

1,020.7 ft (311.12 m)[58]

156 ft (47.4 m)[58]

127 ft (38.6 m)[58]

1,557[59]

3,114[59]

3,840[59]

33

MSC Fantasia

MSC Cruises

2008

137,936 GT[60]

1,094 ft (333 m)[60]

124 ft (38 m)[60]

1,637[60]

3,274[60]

4,363[60]

MSC Splendida

MSC Cruises

2009

137,936 GT[61]

1,095 ft (334 m)[61]

124 ft (38 m)[61]

1,637[61]

3,274[61]

3,952[61]

35

Adventure of the Seas

Royal Caribbean International

2001

137,276 GT[62]

1,020 ft (311 m)[62]

161 ft (49.1 m)[62]

127 ft (38.6 m)[62]

1,557[63]

3,114[63]

3,807[63]

36

Carnival Vista

Carnival Cruise Line

2016

133,596 GT[64]

1,055 ft (321.5 m)[64]

158 ft (48 m)[65]
122 ft (37.2 m)[64]

1,968[65]

3,936[65]

4,980[65]

37

Carnival Horizon[66]

Carnival Cruise Line

2018[66]

133,500 GT[66]

1,062 ft (324 m)[66]

1,987

3,954[66]

38

Costa Diadema

Costa Cruises

2014

133,019 GT[67]

1,004 ft (306 m)[citation needed]

122 ft (37 m)[68]

1,850

3,700

4,947[67]

39

Disney Fantasy

Disney Cruise Line

2012

129,750 GT[69]

1,114.8 ft (339.80 m)[69]

121.4 ft (37.0 m)[69]

1,250[70]

2,500[70]

4,000[70]

40

Disney Dream

Disney Cruise Line

2011

129,690 GT[71]

1,114.8 ft (339.80 m)[71]

121.4 ft (37.0 m)[71]

1,250[70]

2,500[70]

4,000[70]

41

Carnival Dream

Carnival Cruise Line

2009

128,251 GT[72]

1,002.20 ft (305.471 m)[72]

122 ft (37.2 m)[72]

1,823[73]

3,646[73]

4,631[73]

42

Carnival Breeze

Carnival Cruise Line

2012

128,052 GT[74]

1,002 ft (305.5 m)[74]

122.0 ft (37.18 m)[74]

1,845[75]

3,690[75]

4,720[75]

43

Carnival Magic

Carnival Cruise Line

2011

128,048 GT[76]

1,004 ft (306 m)[76]

122 ft (37 m)[76]

1,845[75]

3,690[75]

4,720[75]

44

AIDAprima

AIDA Cruises

2016

125,572 GT[77]

984.1 ft (299.95 m)[77]

123.5 ft (37.65 m)[77]
123 ft (37.6 m)[77]

1,625

3,250

AIDAperla[78]

AIDA Cruises

2017

125,572 GT[79]

984.1 ft (299.95 m)[79]

123 ft (37.6 m)[79]

1,643

3,290[78]

46

Celebrity Reflection

Celebrity Cruises

2012

125,366 GT[80]

1,047 ft (319 m)[80]

123 ft (37.4 m)[80][81]

1,523[82]

3,046[82]

3,480[82]

47

Celebrity Silhouette

Celebrity Cruises

2011

122,210 GT[83]

1,033 ft (315 m)[83]

121 ft (36.9 m)[83]

1,443[82]

2,886[82]

3,320[82]

48

Celebrity Solstice

Celebrity Cruises

2008

121,878 GT[84]

1,041 ft (317.2 m)[84]

121 ft (36.9 m)[84]

1,426[82]

2,852[82]

3,148[82]

Celebrity Equinox

Celebrity Cruises

2009

121,878 GT[85]

1,041 ft (317.2 m)[85]

121 ft (36.9 m)[85]

1,426[82]

2,852[82]

3,148[82]

Celebrity Eclipse

Celebrity Cruises

2010

121,878 GT[86]

1,040.5 ft (317.14 m)[86]

121 ft (36.8 m)[86]

1,426[82]

2,852[82]

3,148[82]

text: *This number assumes only single occupancy of certain staterooms designed for only one passenger.

text: Under construction[edit]

text:
#

Ship, class, or project name

Cruise line

Year(planned)

Grosstonnage

Length

Beam

Staterooms

Passenger capacity

Maximum

Waterline

Double

Maximum

1

Oasis Class

Royal Caribbean International

2021

230,000 GT[2]

1,188 ft (362 m)[2]

215.5 ft (65.7 m)[2]

2,775[2]

5,535[2]

6,870[2]

2

Global Class

Dream Cruises

2020

204,000 GT[87]

1,135 ft (346 m)

151 ft (46 m)

2,500

5,000

9,500 [88]

Global Class

Dream Cruises

2021

204,000 GT[87]

1,135 ft (346 m)

151 ft (46 m)

2,500

5,000

9,500 [88]

4

Project Icon

Royal Caribbean International

2022

200,000 GT[89]

5,000[89]

Project Icon

Royal Caribbean International

2024

200,000 GT[89]

5,000[89]

World Class

MSC Cruises

2022[90]

200,000 GT[90]

1,080 ft (330 m)[90]

154 ft (47 m)[90]

2,760[90]

5,520[90]

6,850[90]

World Class

MSC Cruises

2024[90]

200,000 GT[90]

1,080 ft (330 m)[90]

154 ft (47 m)[90]

2,760[90]

5,520[90]

6,850[90]

8

AIDAnova[91]

AIDA Cruises

2018[91]

183,900[92]

2,500[91]

5,000[91]

6,600[93]

Costa Smeralda[94]

Costa Cruises

2019[94]

183,900 GT[94]

2,600[95]

5,200[95]

6,600[95]

TBA

Carnival Cruise Line

2020[96]

183,900[92]

2,600[97]

5,200[97]

Iona

P&O Cruises

2020[96]

183,900[92]

2,600[98]

5,200[98]

Helios class

AIDA Cruises

2021[91]

183,900[92]

2,500[91]

5,000[91]

6,600[93]

TBA

Costa Cruises

2021[96]

183,900[92]

2,605[95]

5,176[95]

6,600[95]

TBA

Carnival Cruise Line

2022[96]

183,900[92]

2,600[97]

5,200[97]

Helios Class

P&O Cruises

2022[96]

183,900[92]

2,600[98]

5,200[98]

Helios class

AIDA Cruises

2022[91]

183,900[92]

2,500[91]

5,000[91]

6,600[93]

17

Meraviglia Plus Class III

MSC Cruises

2023[99]

183,500 GT

1,086 ft (331 m)

2,444[100]

6,334[101]

18

MSC Grandiosa[101]

MSC Cruises

2019[101]

181,000 GT[101]

1,086 ft (331 m)[101]

2,444[100]

6,334[101]

MSC Virtuosa

MSC Cruises

2020

181,000 GT[101]

1,086 ft (331 m)[100]

2,444[100]

6,334[101]

20

Seaside Evo Class

MSC Cruises

2021[102]

169,380 GT[102]

1,112 ft (339 m)[102]

135 ft (41 m)[102]

Seaside Evo Class

MSC Cruises

2023[102]

169,380 GT[102]

1,112 ft (339 m)[102]

135 ft (41 m)[102]

22

Norwegian Encore

Norwegian Cruise Line

2019

168,800 GT[103]

4,200[19]

23

Spectrum of the Seas[104]

Royal Caribbean International

2019[105]

168,666 GT[13]

1,141 ft (348 m)[13]

136 ft (41 m)[13]

2,090

4,180[13]

4,905[13]

Quantum Class

Royal Caribbean International

2020

168,666 GT[13]

1,141 ft (348 m)[13]

136 ft (41 m)[13]

2,090

4,180[13]

4,905[13]

25

MSC Bellissima[106]

MSC Cruises

2019[11]

167,600 GT[11]

1,033 ft (315 m)[11]

141 ft (43 m)[9]

2,250[11]

4,500[11]

5,700[11]

26

TBA

TUI Cruises

2024

161.000 GR

TBA

TUI Cruises

2026

161.000 GR

28

Royal Class

Princess Cruises

2022[107]

145,000 GT[107]

3,660[107]

29

Sky Princess

Princess Cruises

2019[108]

143,700 GT[108]

3,560[108]

Royal Class

Princess Cruises

2020[108]

143,700 GT[108]

3,560[108]

31

Project Leonardo

Norwegian Cruise Line

2022[109]

140,000 GT[109]

980 ft (300 m)[109]

Project Leonardo

Norwegian Cruise Line

2023[109]

140,000 GT[109]

980 ft (300 m)[109]

Project Leonardo

Norwegian Cruise Line

2024[109]

140,000 GT[109]

980 ft (300 m)[109]

Project Leonardo

Norwegian Cruise Line

2025[109]

140,000 GT[109]

980 ft (300 m)[109]

35

Costa Venezia[110][111]

Costa Asia[108]

2019[108]

135,500 GT[108]

4,200[108]

TBA

Costa Asia[108]

2020[108]

135,500 GT[108]

4,200[108]

37

Disney TBA[112]

Disney Cruise Line

2021[112]

135,000 GT[112]

1,250[112]

2,500[112]

Disney TBA[113]

Disney Cruise Line

2022[113]

135,000 GT[113]

1,250[113]

2,500[113]

Disney TBA[112]

Disney Cruise Line

2023[112]

135,000 GT[112]

1,250[112]

2,500[112]

40

Carnival Panorama[114]

Carnival Cruise Line

2019[114][108]

133,500 GT[114]

3,954[66]

4,200[108]

41

Celebrity Edge

Celebrity Cruises

2018

129,500 GT[115]

1,004 ft (306 m)[115]

128 ft (39 m)[115]

1,467[115]

2,918[115]

3,373[115]

Celebrity Beyond

Celebrity Cruises

2020

129,500 GT[115]

1,004 ft (306 m)[115]

128 ft (39 m)[115]

1,467[115]

2,918[115]

3,373[115]

Edge Class

Celebrity Cruises

2021

129,500 GT[115]

1,004 ft (306 m)[115]

128 ft (39 m)[115]

1,467[115]

2,918[115]

3,373[115]

Edge Class

Celebrity Cruises

2022

129,500 GT[115]

1,004 ft (306 m)[115]

128 ft (39 m)[115]

1,467[115]

2,918[115]

3,373[115]