document_title: Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway

question_text: when does ant and dec saturday night takeaway 2018 start

text: Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway

text: History[edit]

text: Since its launch in 2002, the show was unbeaten for four series in its timeslot until scheduled against Doctor Who on BBC One in March 2005. On 10 September 2005, ITV aired a programme listing the 50 best shows in ITV's 50 years being on air. Ant & Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway came second, being beaten by Coronation Street. The show went on hiatus in 2010 after its ninth series to allow Ant & Dec to launch family game shows Ant & Dec's Push the Button and Red or Black?. However, in November 2011, it was announced that Saturday Night Takeaway would return in early 2013.[1]

text: Return[edit]

text: After winning the award for Best Presenters at the 18th National Television Awards on 23 January 2013, Ant & Dec announced that the show would return on 23 February 2013.[2][3] An official Saturday Night Takeaway iOS app for iPod, iPhone and iPad was released on 15 February 2013. After the fifth episode of series 10, ITV announced that the show would return for an eleventh series in 2014, owing to the popularity of the tenth run.[4] In the sixth episode of the fourteenth series, Dec revealed there would be a fifteenth series in early 2018.

text: On 31 October 2013, it was announced that an arena tour of the show would take place in summer 2014. Takeaway on Tour Live visited 12 UK and Irish arenas between 6 August and 10 September 2014.

text: Saturday Night Takeaway won the BAFTA for Entertainment Programme and Ant & Dec won Entertainment Performance for their role in the show in both 2014 and 2015.[5]

text: Transmissions[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Start Date
End Date
Ave. viewers
(millions)

Original series

1
6
8 June 2002 (2002-06-08)
13 July 2002 (2002-07-13)
4.76

2
11
11 January 2003 (2003-01-11)
23 March 2003 (2003-03-23)
7.91

3
6
13 March 2004 (2004-03-13)
17 April 2004 (2004-04-17)
7.86

4
6
2 October 2004 (2004-10-02)
6 November 2004 (2004-11-06)
7.97

5
10
12 February 2005 (2005-02-12)
16 April 2005 (2005-04-16)
7.68

Special
24 December 2005 (2005-12-24)
6.22

6
6
16 September 2006 (2006-09-16)
21 October 2006 (2006-10-21)
7.22

7
6
8 September 2007 (2007-09-08)
13 October 2007 (2007-10-13)
6.25

8
6
16 February 2008 (2008-02-16)
23 March 2008 (2008-03-23)
7.27

9
6
14 February 2009 (2009-02-14)
21 March 2009 (2009-03-21)
6.63

Revived series

10
7
23 February 2013 (2013-02-23)
6 April 2013 (2013-04-06)
7.82

11
7
22 February 2014 (2014-02-22)
5 April 2014 (2014-04-05)
7.61

12
7
21 February 2015 (2015-02-21)
4 April 2015 (2015-04-04)
6.91

13
7
20 February 2016 (2016-02-20)
2 April 2016 (2016-04-02)
7.71

14
7
25 February 2017 (2017-02-25)
8 April 2017 (2017-04-08)
7.94

Specials
2
23 December 2017 (2017-12-23)
30 December 2017 (2017-12-30)
N/A

15
7
24 February 2018 (2018-02-24)
7 April 2018 (2018-04-07)
TBA

text: Presenters[edit]

text:
Starring
Saturday Night Takeaway presenters

Series 1
(2002)
Series 2
(2003)
Series 3
(2004)
Series 4
(2004)
Series 5
(2005)
Special
(2005)
Series 6
(2006)
Series 7
(2007)
Series 8
(2008)
Series 9
(2009)
Series 10
(2013)
Series 11
(2014)
Series 12
(2015)
Series 13
(2016)
Series 14
(2017)
Series 15
(2018)

Ant & Dec
Main

Kirsty Gallacher

Recurring

Ashley Roberts

Recurring

Stephen Mulhern

Recurring

Scarlett Moffatt

Recurring

text: Opening titles[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Pre-titles clip[edit]

text: Before the titles, a cold open is shown, which always climaxes with either Ant or Dec – sometimes both of them or someone else who is there with them – exclaiming "Roll the titles!".

text:
Series 1–2, 9–13: Backstage (series 1, 2, 10, 11 and 12 is a funny story before the title sequence, the entire series 9 and series 13, show 1 is a detail before opening titles.)
Series 3 and 4: Dressing room (series 3, show 1 was set in a pub and series 4, show 1 was a dream sequence)
Series 5 and 6: Outside dressing rooms
Series 7 and 8: "London Studios Canteen" (series 8, show 1 was set in the control room and series 8, show 6 also included a pub)

tag: ul

text: From the majority of series 13, the cold open was dropped and replaced by an opening performance from that night's musical guest. The latter was later removed.

text: The titles[edit]

text: From series 1–4, the titles begin with Dec knocking on Ant's door to tell him it is time for the show to start. They then run through vast amounts of multi-coloured brick walls and they get exhausted, before one more run, jumping into the title screen.

text: From series 5–9, the titles begin with Ant & Dec running down a street at dusk and leaping onto the side of a house. They then leap onto the side of another house and run past its window, though Ant temporarily stops to admire an attractive woman in a towel and wearing a face mask. Dec pulls him forward and they jump off the edge again, this time over a motorway and at first appearing to land face down on the ground, but they are actually on the side of the building opposite where they just jumped off. It is dark by this time and they start running up the second building as it were a horizontal platform, before emerging at the top. Ant somersaults onto the top of a final building and Dec spins round onto it. After landing, they look at each other as if to say "never again!". They enter through a "STUDIO" door with the words "ON AIR" on both sides of it. STUDIO and the two ON AIRs light up as Ant & Dec enter through the door and then the camera zooms out to reveal that the studio door is on the "&" of a giant "ANT & DEC's SATURDAY NIGHT TAKEAWAY".

text: From series 10–12, the titles begin with Ant & Dec coming out of a barber's shop in the middle of the day. Ant pulls a napkin off of Dec's collar and they walk past a few people, including a milkman and a girl in a yellow jacket. The duo smile at each other and then a series of motorbikes go past, but the drivers stop to let Ant & Dec on the passenger seat of one bike each, in order to ride them to the Saturday Night Takeaway studio. They ride past a large billboard with that week's guest announcer/guest performer(s), who wave(s) to them and Ant & Dec wave back. After the motorbikes pass over the Tower Bridge, Ant & Dec get off and wave goodbye to the riders. They run halfway down a set of stairs which are lit up, and meet six attractive female dancers – three on the left next to Ant and three on the right next to Dec. Dec has a quick dance but Ant just stares at them and laughs. He pulls Dec away and they run down the rest of the stairs. The scene then cuts to them arriving at The London Studios. They run inside and the camera shoots up to the roof area, where the show's logo appears.

text: From series 13 the same titles were used but feature a revised logo and changes to the colour scheme of some of the lights – now turquoise instead of gold. On the final show of the series, the theme tune was changed to fit with the show being broadcast live from the deck of the ship MV Britannia in Barcelona. The final portion of the titles was also adjusted to Ant & Dec running onto the ship instead of them running into the studio. For the finale of series 14, the final portion of the titles was adjusted to Ant & Dec running towards Cinderella Castle at Walt Disney World's Magic Kingdom Park. Also, in series 14, the starting title sequence has been shortened for unknown reasons.

text: Starting games[edit]

text: At the start of each show, Ant & Dec always perform a short comedy sketch, usually based on something that has happened in the news recently: e.g. when a celebrity complained after a reporter tried to photograph them on their holidays, Ant pretended to get angry with the camera crew and demanded they stop filming. The cameras were briefly switched off while Dec tried to calm Ant down and when they came back on, Ant & Dec had switched jackets. After the sketch, they announce what's coming up on the show and then Ant goes up into the audience and starts talking to some of them. He usually picks on two or three people and says something embarrassing about them and then picks on a third or fourth person and announces that they will be playing a game live in the studio by saying "I think you better come with me, as we play...". A lot of research goes into these games and they involve the person's family and friends.

text: Games include:

text:
Mr and Mesmerised
Wedding Daze
Court in the Act
Where's Your Shed At?
STOP! That's Mine
Stars in their Lives
Shame That Tune
This Is Your Diary
Prankety Prank
How the Other Half Lives
Trouble & Strife
Imitation Street
I'm a Believer
The "person's name" show
Ant & Dec Book club
Dude, where's my car?
Fame for a Laugh
Fame Doesn't Change Him
Pa Humbug
Right Up Your Tweet
Frownton Abbey
There's No Place Like Your Home
The ITV News at Ten Past Seven
Law & Disorder
Gran Theft Auto
Ogglebox
The Disgrace
You Never Cottoned On
We Know What You Did Last Summer
Coronation Deceit
If You Don't Know Barb By Now
Joanne Stewart: Secret SingStar
All At Sea
Life Begins at 60

text: Spin-offs[edit]

text: Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway Presents...[edit]

text: It was revealed in December 2017 that two 30 minute special episodes of the show would air in December on ITV in primetime slot. The spin-off series will be entitled Ant and Dec's Saturday Night Takeaway Presents... The two special compilation of the whodunnit segments that were featured in Series 13 (2016) and Series 14 (2017).[6] The Missing Crown Jewels aired on 23 December 2017 from 7.30pm and Who Shot Simon Cowell? aired on 30 December 2017 from 6.30pm.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Total
No.
Title
Original air date

1
1
The Missing Crown Jewels
23 December 2017 (2017-12-23)

2
2
Who Shot Simon Cowell?
30 December 2017 (2017-12-30)

text: Takeaway on Tour[edit]

text: Takeaway on Tour was announced on 31 October 2013 and was a co-production between James Grant Live, Ant & Dec and ITV Studios.[7] Kim Gavin, who was artistic director on the Olympic and Paralympic closing ceremonies, fulfilled the same role on the tour. Ashley Roberts appeared at every show to host "Ant vs. Dec"

text: Due to popular demand, extra dates were added on 28 November 2013 and some dates were moved.[5]

text: The full dates for Takeaway on Tour Live were:

text:
[show]Takeaway on Tour Live dates

Date(s)
City
Country
Venue

6-7 August 2014
Cardiff
Wales
Motorpoint Arena

9-10 August 2014
Birmingham
England
LG Arena

12-13 August 2014
Leeds
First Direct Arena

15-16 August 2014
Manchester
Phones 4u Arena

19 August 2014
Glasgow
Scotland
The SSE Hydro

21-23 August 2014
Belfast
Northern Ireland
Odyssey Arena

25-27 August 2014
Glasgow
Scotland
The SSE Hydro

29-31 August 2014
London
England
The O2 Arena

Wembley Arena

2-3 September 2014
Sheffield
Motorpoint Arena

5-7 September 2014
Newcastle
Metro Radio Arena

9 September 2014
Nottingham
Capital FM Arena

10 September 2014
Liverpool
Echo Arena

12-13 September 2014
Dublin
Ireland
3Arena

text: Marketing[edit]

text: A board game of the show was released in 2016, under licensing by Paul Lamond Games.

text: International versions[edit]

text: A Finnish version titled Huuma ("Enchantment") aired on MTV3 from 2005 to 2009.

text: On 11 January 2008, a Chinese version named 快乐2008（"Friday Night Takeaway") premiered on Hunan TV, hosted by He Jiong and Ma Ke.

text: On 29 August 2008, a German version named Die Sonja & Dirk Show premiered on RTL Television, hosted by Sonja Zietlow and Dirk Bach, who also presented the German version of I'm a Celebrity...Get Me Out of Here!. Featured segments included Win the Ads, Little Sonja and Dirk, The Mouse Trap and Beat Sonja & Dirk. The show ended in 2012, due to Bach's death. An earlier version of the show intended to air on Sat.1 was cancelled after one episode in 2005.

text: On 10 May 2014, a Portuguese version named Sabadabadão premiered on SIC, co-produced with FremantleMedia. It was hosted by Júlia Pinheiro and João Baião. The show ended on 2 August 2014.

text: On 27 October 2014, it was announced that an American version of the series would be produced for NBC, and hosted by Neil Patrick Harris; the series was greenlighted and added to the schedule as a Tuesday night entry for the 2015–16 television season under the title Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris (a.k.a. Best Time Ever).[8] The show premiered on 15 September 2015 and ended on 3 November 2015. On 15 December 2015, it was announced that the show had been cancelled.[9]

text: On 15 January 2015, it was announced that a French version of the series would air on M6 from 11 February 2015, hosted by Guillaume Pley and Jerome Anthony. The title is Tout Peut Arriver ("Anything Could Happen").[10] The show performed poorly in the ratings and was quickly cancelled. The final episode was aired on W9.

text: In October 2015, it was announced that an Australian version of the series would be produced for the Seven Network. It will air on Sundays and will be called Sunday Night Takeaway.[11]

text: Malaysian version called "Suka Lattew" on Astro Ria Network and host by Alif Satar and Shahrol Shiro


document_title: List of National Basketball Association seasons played leaders

question_text: who had the longest career in nba history

root

text: Seasons played leaders[edit]

text: Following is a list of players who have played the most seasons in the NBA.

tag: p

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration [22]

§
1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018 [23]

tag: table

text:
Rank
Player
Position
Team(s)
Seasons

1
Robert Parish*
C

Golden State Warriors (1976–1980)
Boston Celtics (1980–1994)
Charlotte Hornets (1994–1996)
Chicago Bulls (1996–1997)

21

Kevin Willis [a]
PF / C

Atlanta Hawks (1984–1995, 2004–2005)
Miami Heat (1994–1996)
Golden State Warriors (1996)
Houston Rockets (1996–1998, 2001–2002)
Toronto Raptors (1998–2001)
Denver Nuggets (2001)
San Antonio Spurs (2002–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2007)

Kevin Garnett†
PF / C

Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–2007, 2015–2016)
Boston Celtics (2007–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2015)

4
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar*
C

Milwaukee Bucks (1969–1975)
Los Angeles Lakers (1975–1989)

20

Kobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)

Vince Carter^
SG/SF

Toronto Raptors (1998–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)

Dirk Nowitzki^
PF
Dallas Mavericks (1998–present)

8
Moses Malone*
C

Buffalo Braves (1976)
Houston Rockets (1976–1982)
Philadelphia 76ers (1982–1986, 1993–1994)
Washington Bullets (1986–1988)
Atlanta Hawks (1988–1991)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1993)
San Antonio Spurs (1994–1995)

19

James Edwards
C

Los Angeles Lakers (1977, 1992–1994)
Indiana Pacers (1977–1981)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1981–1983)
Phoenix Suns (1983–1988)
Detroit Pistons (1988–1991)
Los Angeles Clippers (1991–1992)
Portland Trail Blazers (1994–1995)
Chicago Bulls (1995–1996)

John Stockton*
PG
Utah Jazz (1984–2003)

Karl Malone*
PF

Utah Jazz (1985–2003)
Los Angeles Lakers (2003–2004)

Charles Oakley
PF / C

Chicago Bulls (1985–1988, 2001–2002)
New York Knicks (1988–1998)
Toronto Raptors (1998–2001)
Washington Wizards (2002–2003)
Houston Rockets (2004)

Shaquille O'Neal*
C

Orlando Magic (1992–1996)
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2004)
Miami Heat (2004–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2009)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2009–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010–2011)

Juwan Howard
PF / C

Washington Bullets / Wizards (1994–2001)
Dallas Mavericks (2001–2002, 2007–2008)
Denver Nuggets (2002–2003, 2008)
Orlando Magic (2003–2004)
Houston Rockets (2004–2007)
Charlotte Bobcats (2008–2009)
Portland Trail Blazers (2009–2010)
Miami Heat (2010–2013)

Jason Kidd*
PG

Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996, 2008–2012)
Phoenix Suns (1996–2001)
New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)
New York Knicks (2012–2013)

Tim Duncan†
PF / C
San Antonio Spurs (1997–2016)

Paul Pierce†
SG/SF

Boston Celtics (1998–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)

Jason Terry^
G

Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)
Boston Celtics (2012–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2016)
Milwaukee Bucks (2016–present)


document_title: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

question_text: the equal employment opportunity commission was created as part of

text: Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

text: History[edit]

text: On March 6, 1961, President John F. Kennedy signed Executive Order 10925, which required government contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed and that employees are treated during employment without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin."[4] It established the President's Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity of which then Vice President Lyndon Johnson was appointed to head. This was the forerunner of the EEOC.

text: The EEOC was established on July 2, 1965; its mandate is specified under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967 (ADEA),[5] the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990, and the ADA Amendments Act of 2008. The EEOC's first complainants were female flight attendants.[6] However, the EEOC at first ignored sex discrimination complaints, and the prohibition against sex discrimination in employment went unenforced for the next few years.[7] One EEOC director called the prohibition "a fluke... conceived out of wedlock."[7]

text: All Commission seats and the post of general counsel to the commission are filled by the US President, subject to confirmation by the Senate.[8] Stuart J. Ishimaru, a Commissioner who was confirmed in 2003 and 2006,[9] served as Acting Chair of the Commission from January 20, 2009 until December 22, 2010, when the Senate confirmed Jacqueline Berrien to be the chairwoman. She had been nominated as chairwoman by President Barack Obama in July 2009.[10] In September 2009, Obama chose Chai Feldblum to fill another vacant seat.[11]

text: On March 27, 2010, President Obama made recess appointments of three Commission posts: Berrien, Feldblum, and Victoria Lipnic. With the appointments, the Commission had its full five Commissioners: Ishimaru, Berrien, Feldblum, Lipnic, and Constance Barker, who was confirmed by the Senate in 2008 to be a Commissioner. President Obama also made a recess appointment of P. David Lopez to be the EEOC's General Counsel.[12]

text: On December 22, 2010, the Senate gave full confirmation to Berrien, Feldblum, Lipnic, and Lopez. In 2014, President Obama renominated Lopez and he was reconfirmed by the Senate the same year.[13]

text: In 2011, the Commission included "sex-stereotyping" of lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals, as a form of sex discrimination illegal under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[14][15] In 2012, the Commission expanded protection provided by Title VII to transgender status and gender identity.[14][16]

text: After the departure of Ishimaru, the commission returned to its full five commissioners on April 25, 2013, with the Senate confirmation of Jenny Yang.

text: In 2015, it concluded that for Title VII, sex discrimination includes discrimation based on sexual orientation.[17][18]

text: However, the rulings, while persuasive, are not binding on courts and would need to be addressed by the Supreme Court for a final decision. The Commission also mediates and settles thousands of discrimination complaints each year prior to their investigation.  The EEOC is also empowered to file civil discrimination suits against employers on behalf of alleged victims and to adjudicate claims of discrimination brought against federal agencies.[19][20]

text: Staffing, workload, and backlog[edit]

text: In 1975, when the backlog reached more than 100,000 charges to be investigated, President Gerald Ford's full requested budget of $62 million was approved. A "Backlog Unit" was created in Philadelphia in 1978 to resolve the thousands of federal equal employment complaints inherited from the Civil Service Commission. In 1980, Eleanor Holmes Norton began re-characterizing the backlog cases as "workload" in her reports to Congress, thus fulfilling her promise to eliminate the backlog.[21]

text: In June 2006, civil rights and labor union advocates publicly complained that the effectiveness of the EEOC was being undermined by budget and staff cuts and the outsourcing of complaint screening to a private contractor whose workers were poorly trained. In 2006, a partial budget freeze prevented the agency from filling vacant jobs, and its staff had shrunk by nearly 20 percent from 2001. A Bush administration official stated that the cuts had been made because it was necessary to direct more money to defense and homeland security.[22] By 2008, the EEOC had lost 25 percent of its staff over the previous eight years, including investigators and lawyers who handle the cases. The number of complaints to investigate grew to 95,400 in fiscal 2008, up 26 percent from 2006.[23]

text: Although full-time staffing of the EEOC was cut between 2002 and 2006, Congress increased the commission's budget during that period, as it has almost every year since 1980. The budget was $303 million in fiscal year 2001[2] to $327 million in fiscal year 2006.[23]

text: The outsourcing to Pearson Government Solutions in Kansas cost the agency $4.9 million and was called a "huge waste of money" by the president of the EEOC employees' union in 2006.[22]

text: The EEOC uses monetary fines as the primary form of deterrence and, as the fines have not adjusted for inflation, the backlog of EEOC cases illustrates a decline in its effectiveness.

text: Race and ethnicity[edit]

text: The EEOC requires employers to report various information about their employees, in particular their racial/ethnic categories, to prevent discrimination based on race/ethnicity. The definitions used in the report have been different at different times.

text: In 1997, the Office of Management and Budget gave a Federal Register Notice, the "Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity," which defined new racial and ethnic definitions.[24] As of September 30, 2007, the EEO's EEO-1 report must use the new racial and ethnic definitions in establishing grounds for racial or ethnic discrimination.[25] If an employee identifies their ethnicity as "Hispanic or Latino" as well as a race, the race is not reported in EEO-1, but it is kept as part of the employment record.

text: A person's skin color or physical appearance can also be grounds for a case of racial discrimination.[26][27] Discrimination based on national origin can be grounds for a case on discrimination as well.[28]

text: Investigative compliance policy[edit]

text: EEOC applies an investigative compliance policy when respondents are uncooperative in providing information during an investigation of a charge. If a respondent fails to turn over requested information, field offices are to subpoena the information, file a direct suit on the merits of a charge, or use the legal principle of adverse inference, which assumes the withheld information is against the respondent.[29]

text: Increase in disability-based charges[edit]

text: In 2008, disability-based charges handled by the EEOC rose to a record 19,543, up 10.2 percent from the prior year and the highest level since 1995.[30]

text: That may again be showing that because the EEOC has not adjusted many of their initial 1991 fines for inflation, the backlog of EEOC cases illustrates erosion of deterrence.

text: Home Depot disability discrimination suit[edit]

text: In September 2012, Home Depot agreed to pay $100,000 and furnish other relief to settle a disability discrimination lawsuit filed by the EEOC for the alleged failure to provide reasonable accommodation for a cashier with cancer at its Towson, Maryland, store and for later purportedly firing her because of her condition.[31]

text: 2012 profile[edit]

text: This section contains content that is written like an advertisement. Please help improve it by removing promotional content and inappropriate external links, and by adding encyclopedic content written from a neutral point of view. (June 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) announced that it received 99,412 private sector workplace discrimination charges during fiscal year 2012, down slightly from the previous year. The year-end data also show that retaliation (37,836), race (33,512), and sex discrimination (30,356), which includes allegations of sexual harassment and pregnancy were the most frequently filed charges.[32]

text: Additionally, the EEOC achieved a second consecutive year of a significant reduction in the charge inventory, something not seen since fiscal year 2002.  Due to a concerted effort, the EEOC reduced the pending inventory of private sector charges by 10 percent from fiscal year 2011, bringing the inventory level to 70,312.  This inventory reduction is the second consecutive decrease of almost ten percent in charge inventory.  Also this fiscal year, the agency obtained the largest amount of monetary recovery from private sector and state and local government employers through its administrative process — $365.4 million.

text: In fiscal year 2012, the EEOC filed 122 lawsuits, including 86 individual suits, 26 multiple-victim suits, with fewer than 20 victims, and 10 systemic suits. The EEOC's legal staff resolved 254 lawsuits for a total monetary recovery of $44.2 million.

text: EEOC also continued its emphasis on eliminating alleged systemic patterns of discrimination in the workplace. In fiscal year 2012, EEOC completed 240 systemic investigations which in part resulted in 46 settlements or conciliation agreements. These settlements, achieved without litigation, secured 36.2 million dollars for the victims of unlawful discrimination. In addition, the agency filed 12 systemic lawsuits in fiscal year 2012.

text: Overall, the agency secured both monetary and non-monetary benefits for more than 23,446 people through administrative enforcement activities – mediation, settlements, conciliations, and withdrawals with benefits. The number of charges resolved through successful conciliation, the last step in the EEOC administrative process prior to litigation, increased by 18 percent over 2011.

text: Successes[edit]

text: On May 1, 2013, a Davenport, Iowa jury awarded the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commissission damages totaling $240 million — the largest verdict in the federal agency's history — for disability discrimination and severe abuse.[33]

text: The jury agreed with the EEOC that Hill County Farms, doing business as Henry's Turkey Service subjected a group of 32 men with intellectual disabilities to severe abuse and discrimination for a period between 2007 and 2009, after 20 years of similar mistreatment.[33] This victory received international attention and was profiled in the New York Times.[34]

text: On June 1, 2015, the U.S. Supreme Court held in an 8-1 decision written by Justice Antonin Scalia that an employer may not refuse to hire an applicant if the employer was motivated by avoiding the need to accommodate a religious practice. Such behavior violates the prohibition on religious discrimination contained in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.[35]

text: EEOC General Counsel David Lopez hailed the decision. "At its root, this case is about defending the quintessentially American principles of religious freedom and tolerance," Lopez said. "This decision is a victory for our increasingly diverse society and we applaud Samantha Elauf's courage and tenacity in pursuing this matter.”[35]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Some employment-law professionals criticized the agency after it issued advice that requiring a high school diploma from job applicants could violate the Americans with Disabilities Act. The advice letter stated that the longtime lowest common denominator of employee screening must be "job-related for the position in question and consistent with business necessity." A Ballard Spahr lawyer suggested, "There will be less incentive for the general public to obtain a high school diploma if many employers eliminate that requirement for job applicants in their workplace."[36]

text: The EEOC has been criticized for alleged heavy-handed tactics in their 1980 lawsuit against retailer Sears, Roebuck & Co. Based on a statistical analysis of personnel and promotions, EEOC argued that Sears both was systematically excluding women from high-earning positions in commission sales and was paying female management lower wages than male management. Sears, represented by lawyer Charles Morgan, Jr., counter-argued that the company had encouraged female applicants for sales and management, but women preferred lower-paying positions with more stable daytime working hours, as compared to commission sales, which demanded evening and weekend shifts and featured drastically-varying paychecks, depending on the numbers of sales in a given pay period. In 1986, the court ruled in favor of Sears on all counts and noted that the EEOC had neither produced a single witness who alleged discrimination nor identified any Sears policy that discriminated against women.[37][38]

text: In a 2011 ruling against the EEOC, Judge Loretta A. Preska declared that It relied too heavily on anecdotal claims rather than on hard data, in a lawsuit against Bloomberg, L.P. that alleged discrimination against pregnant employees. In a ruling described in the New York Times[39] as "strongly worded," Preska wrote, "the law does not mandate 'work-life balance' and added that while Bloomberg had expected high levels of dedication from employees, the company did not treat women who took pregnancy leave differently from those who took leave for other reasons.

text: General Counsels[edit]

text:
Donald Livingston, 1990-1993
C. Gregory Stewart, 1995-2000
Eric Dreiband, 2003-2005
Ronald Cooper, 2006-2009
David Lopez, 2010-2016

text: Commissioners[edit]

text:
Luther Holcomb, 1965–1974
Aileen Hernandez, 1965–1966
Vicente T. Ximenes, 1967–1971
Samuel C. Jackson, 1965–1968
Richard Graham, 1965–1966
Elizabeth Kuck, 1968–1970
Ethel B. Walsh, 1971–1980
Colston A. Lewis, 1970–1977
Raymond L. Telles, 1971–1976
J. Clay Smith Jr., 1978–1982
Hon. Daniel Leach, 1976–1981
Armando Rodriguez, 1978–1983
Cathie Shattuck, 1982–1983
Tony E. Gallegos, 1982–1994
R. Gaull Silberman, 1984–1995
Joy Cherian, 1987–1993
William Webb, 1982–1986
Fred Alvarez, 1984–1987
Evan J. Kemp, Jr., 1987–1993
Joyce Tucker, 1990–1996
Paul Steven Miller, 1994–2004
Reginald E. Jones, 1996–2000

text: Chairs[edit]

text:
No.

Chair of the EEOC

Photo

Start of term

End of term

President(s)

1

Franklin D. Roosevelt Jr.

May 26, 1965

May 11, 1966

Lyndon Johnson

2

Stephen N. Shulman

September 14, 1966

July 1, 1967

3

Clifford Alexander Jr.

August 4, 1967

May 1, 1969

4

William H. Brown III

May 5, 1969

December 23, 1973

Richard Nixon

5

John H. Powell Jr.

December 28, 1973

March 18, 1975

Acting

Ethel Bent Walsh

1975

Gerald Ford

6

Lowell W. Perry

May 27, 1975

May 15, 1976

Acting

Ethel Bent Walsh

May 1976

May 1977

7

Eleanor Holmes Norton

May 27, 1977

February 21, 1981

Jimmy Carter

Acting

J. Clay Smith Jr.

1981

1982

Ronald Reagan

8

Clarence Thomas

May 6, 1982

March 8, 1990

Ronald ReaganGeorge H. W. Bush

9

Evan J. Kemp Jr.

March 8, 1990

April 2, 1993

George H. W. Bush

Acting

Tony Gallegos

1993

1994

Bill Clinton

10

Gilbert Casellas

September 29, 1994

December 31, 1997

Acting

Paul Igasaki

1998

11

Ida L. Castro

October 23, 1998

August 13, 2001

12

Cari M. Dominguez

August 6, 2001

August 31, 2006

George W. Bush

13

Naomi C. Earp

September 1, 2006

2009

Acting

Stuart J. Ishimaru

January 20, 2009

April 7, 2010

Barack Obama

14

Jacqueline A. Berrien

April 7, 2010[40]

September 2, 2014

15

Jenny R. Yang

September 2, 2014[41]

January 22, 2017

Acting

Victoria Lipnic

January 25, 2017[42]

present

Donald Trump


document_title: Bragg (surname)

question_text: where does the last name bragg originate from

text: Bragg (surname)

text: Bragg is an English surname of Norman origin, and may refer to:

text: People:

text:
Art Bragg (born 1930), American sprinter
Bernard Bragg (born 1928), deaf actor, writer, director, poet and artist
Billy Bragg (born 1957), English folk musician
Braxton Bragg (1817-1876), Confederate Civil War general for whom Fort Bragg is named
Caleb Bragg (1885-1943), American racecar driver, speedboat racer, aviation pioneer and automotive inventor
Craig Bragg (born 1982), American football wide receiver
Darren Bragg (born 1969), former Major League Baseball outfielder
Don Bragg (born 1935), American pole vaulter and Olympic gold medalist
Edward S. Bragg (1827-1912), American politician, lawyer and Union Army general from Wisconsin
Jacob Bragg (born 2000), Australian long distance runner
Janet Bragg (1907-1993), aviator and first African-American woman to hold a commercial pilot license
Jesse Bragg (1887-after 1918), Negro league baseball player
John Bragg (disambiguation), various people
Ken Bragg (born 1950), member of the Arkansas House of Representatives
Laura Bragg (1881–1978), American museum director
Melvyn Bragg (born 1939), English broadcaster and author
Mike Bragg (born 1946), former National Football League punter
Paul Bragg (1895-1976), nutritionist
Patricia Bragg (born 1929), American author and businesswoman
Philip Bragg (died 1759), Irish lieutenant-general and Member of Parliament
Rick Bragg (born 1959), Pulitzer Prize-winning American author and journalist
Robert Henry Bragg, Jr. (1919-2017), physicist
Stephen Bragg (1923-2014), engineer
Thomas Bragg (1810-1872), North Carolina politician and lawyer
William Henry Bragg (1862–1942), physicist
William Lawrence Bragg (1890–1971), physicist

text: Fictional characters:

text: Randy Bragg, protagonist of the novel Alas, Babylon

text: This page lists people with the surname Bragg. If an internal link intending to refer to a specific person led you to this page, you may wish to change that link by adding the person's given name(s) to the link.

text: SurnamesEnglish-language surnames

text: All set index articles


document_title: Thank You (Led Zeppelin song)

question_text: who sings backup on thank you led zeppelin

text: Thank You (Led Zeppelin song)

text: Overview[edit]

text: "Thank You" signalled a deeper involvement in songwriting by singer Robert Plant: it was the first Led Zeppelin song for which he wrote all the lyrics. According to various Led Zeppelin biographies, this is also the song that made Jimmy Page realise that Plant could now handle writing the majority of the lyrics for the band's songs. Plant wrote the song as a tribute to his then-wife Maureen.

text: The song features Hammond organ playing by John Paul Jones, which fades into a false ending before concluding with a crescendo roughly ten seconds later. For the recording of this track, Page played on a Vox 12-string guitar.[2]

text: Reception[edit]

text: In a retrospective review of Led Zeppelin II (Deluxe Edition), Michael Madden of Consequence of Sound praised the remastering of "Thank You", believing the track now sounds "mellow and well-balanced".[3] Madden further praised the remastering, writing the track "breathes easy during the verses and ascends elsewhere in the song", along with "illuminating Page's touch and Bonham's haymakers".[3] When reviewing the added bonus tracks of the Deluxe Edition, Madden further praised the new version of "Thank You", titled "Thank You (Backing Track)", writing the track "magnifies the song's tasteful sheen, popping with Bonham’s drums and Jones’ organ, which seems to have a mind of its own."[3]

text: Record producer Rick Rubin has remarked on the song's structure, "The delicacy of the vocals is incredible; the acoustic guitar and the organ work together to create an otherworldly presence."[4]

text: Recognition and legacy[edit]

text: In November 2010, "Thank You" topped Gibson's list of "Top 10 Thanksgiving Songs".[5][6] The song was recorded by Page and Plant for the No Quarter: Jimmy Page and Robert Plant Unledded album (1994). It was released as a single and reached number eight on Billboard magazine's Album Rock Tracks chart in 1995.

text: In November 2012, "Thank You" was ranked number 29 on Rolling Stone's "The 40 Greatest Led Zeppelin Songs of All Time".[7]

text: In November 2017, "Thank You" was ranked number 28 on Fuse's list of "35 Thank You Songs".[8]

text: Cover versions[edit]

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Robert Plant – vocals
Jimmy Page – electric and acoustic guitars, backing vocals
John Paul Jones – Hammond organ, bass guitar
John Bonham – drums


document_title: Butterfly count

question_text: when does the north american butterfly association count butterflies each year

text: Butterfly count

text: Sponsors[edit]

text: Professional, universities, clubs, elementary and secondary schools, other educational providers, nature preserves, parks and amateur organizations can organize a count. The participants often receive training to help them identify the butterfly species. The North American Butterfly Association has organized over 400 counts in 2014.[2]

text: Types of butterfly counts[edit]

text: There are several methods for counting butterflies currently in use, with the notable division being between restricted and open searches. Most counts are designed to count all butterflies observed in a locality.

text: Counts may be targeted at single species and, in some cases, butterflies are observed and counted as they move from one area to another. A heavily researched example of butterfly migration is the annual migration of monarch butterflies in North America.[3] Some programs will tag butterflies to trace their migration routes, but these are migratory programs and not butterfly counts. Butterfly counts are sometimes done where there is a concentration (a roost) of a species of butterflies in an area. One example of this is the winter count of western monarch butterflies as they roost together at sites in California, northern Mexico and Arizona.[4]

text: Restricted searches: transects[edit]

text: Frequently referred to as "Pollard Transects" or "Pollard Walks" in North America,[5] a transect is a protocol designed to standardize the recording of butterfly observations, the initial format was outlined by Ernie Pollard in 1977.[6] The transect protocol involves one observer walking a fixed path at a constant pace, multiple times in a season. Butterflies are counted when they are seen within a prescribed distance from the path, often 2.5 meters on either side of the path, and only when the butterflies are seen in front of, or above, the observer (i.e., no backtracking). A second person may work with the observer to identify and/or photograph insects spotted by the observer. Transects should not change from year to year and ideally should sample a variety of habitats.[7][8]

text: Examples of long-running restricted searches are Art Shapiro's Butterfly Project in the US (started in 1972),[9] and the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (started in 1976).[10]

text: Open searches[edit]

text: Open searches, also sometimes referred to as "checklist searches", are intended to focus on the presence and abundance of butterflies in a given area. They can be single events such as the North American Butterfly Association's July 1 and July 4 counts in Canada and the U.S. respectively, or they can be regular or ad hoc counts conducted by individuals or groups. The lack of formal structure makes them suitable for many citizen science programs.

text: In terms of the relative outcomes or the efficacy of open vs. restricted searches, studies have shown that open searches are more likely to find a greater number of species in a given area.[11][12] Royer, et al. note that one reason for this is that during an open search, the "observer is free to search out places where butterflies typically would breed or congregate" rather than follow the fixed path of a transect.[5]

text: Simplified butterfly assessments[edit]

text: To promote the broad public participation in butterfly monitoring, researcher from Austria propose to combine a simplified assessment scheme on group level executed by laypeople, with detailed assessments from butterfly experts. To evaluate their approach they compared data collected by pupils with independent assessments of professional butterfly experts. Beside some identification uncertainties data collected by trained and supervised pupils were successfully used to predict the general habitat quality for butterflies[13].

text: Opportunistic sightings[edit]

text: Opportunistic or incidental sightings are a butterfly sightings that are not part of a formal count. Observers may note signal butterflies or multiple species.[14] An example of an opportunistic sighting is observing a butterfly in garden and reporting it.

text: Atlas projects[edit]

text: Described as a "special type of open search", atlas projects are generally targeted at a specific geographical area such as a province or state.[14] The goal is to assess the presence or absence of species, usually over a multi-year period. Each atlas program will design its own data requirements but as they are measuring abundance and presence, they tend to accept data from transects, counts and opportunistic sightings to build a database. The longest running atlas program in North America is the Ontario Butterfly Atlas Online, which is supported by the Toronto Entomologists' Association and began collecting data in 1969. [15][16]

text: Bait stations[edit]

text: Transects and open searches are not as comprehensive in tropical locations due to issues such as density of flora and the heigh of the forest canopy. A count system using bait stations with fermenting fruit has been used to assess specific populations.[17]

text: Quantifying observations[edit]

text: Participants are encouraged to employ a number of techniques to quantify large aggregations by making estimates of butterflies:

text:
concentrated along linear features
concentrated in an area of uniform habitat
concentrated on certain plants
butterflies in flight[18]

text: The number of butterflies can be estimated by the area size they inhabit, for example, in the overwintering population present in Mexico the population expressed in hectares.[19] Butterflies can be counted in their egg, larvae and instar number.

text: Butterflies are sometimes captured, tagged and recovered. The number of tags recovered in a specific area is used to determine population size and direction of flight.[20]


document_title: Red Dead Redemption 2

question_text: when did red dead redemption 2 get announced

text: Red Dead Redemption 2

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Red Dead Redemption 2 is a Western-themed action-adventure game set in an open world environment. It is played from either a third or first-person perspective and the player controls Arthur Morgan, an outlaw and a member of the Van der Linde gang.[2][3][4] The game features both single-player and online multiplayer components.[5][3]

text: The game brings back and deeply refines mechanics from the previous game, such as the combat, gunplay, honor system and more. It also has many new features, including dual-wielding[6] and swimming.[7]

text: The game focuses heavily on player choice for the story and missions. During IGN's first look preview on the topic of how player choices can affect interactions and missions, Rob Nelson, Co-Studio Head at Rockstar North said: “We try to give you options within a lot of these missions to choose how you approach it, whether you'll send your buddies in first or whether you'll go in first."[8]

text: Players can communicate with any non-player characters (NPC) in dynamic ways new to the series. Morgan can choose different dialogue trees with NPCs as having a simple friendly chat with an individual, or threaten them for the player’s own personal interest, or they can kill them and loot the corpse.[citation needed]

text:
Red Dead Redemption 2 features item degradation, with equipment such as weapons requiring cleaning and oiling. The player can visit a
barber to change hairstyles, however, styles are only available to players depending on how much hair their character has, with hair growing realistically throughout the title over time. Morgan can also gain or lose weight depending on how much he eats, a feature absent from previous Rockstar games since Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas. Characters have different sets of clothes for different weather conditions and also have to regularly eat and bathe.[9] Some actions that were once more automatic have been greatly expanded upon in detail, including skinning a kill and examining objects.[9]

text: Redemption 2 features both hunting and fishing, which provide food, income and materials for crafting items.[citation needed] When hunting an animal, players will need to move slowly and carefully and watch the wind direction to avoid alerting their prey. Choice of weapon and shot placement are also important and will affect the quality of the meat and pelt, which in turn affects the price that traders will pay for them.[citation needed] If prey are injured, they will try to escape.

text: After a successful hunt, players can either skin and butcher the animal on the spot or take it with them whole. Animal skins and carcasses will rot over time if not properly tended to, and this both decreases their value while making them stink, and makes the character a target for wild animals when out of town. Skins, parts, meat, and entire carcasses can all be loaded onto horses to be sold to the butchers or the general store in town, taken back to camp for the stew pot, or crafted into clothing or other items. Trappers can craft more exotic goods for players.[10]

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Setting and characters[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (October 2018)

text: The world of Red Dead Redemption 2 spans five fictitious states of the United States. The states of New Hanover, Ambarino and Lemoyne are new to the series, and are located to the immediate north and east of Red Dead Redemption's world. The states of New Austin and West Elizabeth return from Red Dead Redemption.[b] West Elizabeth is also been expanded to include new regions. The states are centered on the San Luis and Lannahechee Rivers and the shores of Flat Iron Lake. Ambarino is a mountain wilderness, with the largest settlement being an Indian reservation; New Hanover is a wide valley that has become a hub of industry; and Lemoyne is made up of bayous and plantations and is home to the former French colony of Saint Denis. West Elizabeth consists of wide plains, dense forests, and the modern town of Blackwater, while New Austin is an arid region centered on the frontier town of Armadillo.

text: The player takes on the role of Arthur Morgan, a lieutenant in the Van der Linde gang. Among the returning characters from Red Dead Redemption are John Marston, protagonist from the previous game; antagonists Dutch van der Linde, Bill Williamson and Javier Escuella, who, along with Marston, are Morgan's allies; Abigail, Marston's partner; Jack, Marston's and Abigail's son; elderly member of the gang Uncle and federal Agent Edgar Ross.[11][12]

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1899, after a botched ferry heist, Dutch van der Linde and his gang, which includes Arthur Morgan and a young John Marston, are forced to flee their hideout in Blackwater and attempt to cross the mountains west to evade law enforcement. In order to fund their escape, Dutch has the gang rob a train belonging to the wealthy oil magnate Leviticus Cornwall. A furious and vengeful Cornwall then hires the Pinkerton Detective Agency, who send Agents Milton and Ross to apprehend the gang. As a result, the gang is forced to be constantly on the move to stay one step ahead of them. All the while, Morgan and the rest of the gang continually have to perform numerous jobs and heists to keep the gang funded as Dutch continually promises one last, big heist that will secure their freedom.

text: However, their heists soon begin to become more dangerous and less successful, with several of the gang members being killed in the process and Marston being arrested. Morgan saves Marston, but begins growing increasingly disillusioned with Dutch's leadership as he becomes more violent and paranoid. Dutch's decline is also helped along by one of the newer recruits, the ambitious and unscrupulous Micah Bell, who convinces Dutch to take on these more dangerous heists. In addition, Morgan contracts tuberculosis, giving him only a short time to live. Morgan's loyalty to Dutch finally breaks when Dutch murders Cornwall, instigates a war between a local Native American tribe and the US Army, leaves Marston to die, and refuses to rescue Marston's girlfriend Abigail when she is captured by Agent Milton. Morgan disobeys Dutch's orders and rescues Abigail, killing Agent Milton and learning that Bell has been working as a mole for the Pinkertons. Other gang members start becoming uncomfortable at the direction Dutch is going and quietly leave the gang while Morgan convinces Marston to leave and start a new life. However, Morgan stays behind and has a brutal fight with Bell. Dutch, realizing Bell is a rat, parts ways with both him and Morgan, and Morgan is either killed by Bell or succumbs to his tuberculosis.

text: Years later, Marston is attempting to lead an honest life and provide a living for Abigail and his son Jack. In order to convince Abigail he's changed, Marston buys a plot of land with the intention of turning it into a ranch. He reunites with several surviving gang members, who help Marston build his ranch and provide him with jobs to pay off his bank loans. Eventually, Marston comes across information leading to Bell's location. In revenge for Morgan's death, Marston tracks down and confronts Bell, only to be shocked to see Dutch is with him. Upon seeing Marston, Dutch kills Bell and leaves in silence. Marston finds the gang's old money stash and uses it to fully pay off his loan. Afterwards, he formally marries Abigail, and they both look forward to living a new life on their ranch.

text: The mid-credits scenes show the fate of some of the surviving members of the gang, while Agent Ross follows Marston's trail. Eventually, Agent Ross' search leads him straight to Marston's ranch, leading into the events of the original Red Dead Redemption.

text: Development[edit]

text: Red Dead Redemption 2 was developed by Rockstar Studios,[13] a collaborative effort between all of Rockstar Games' studios functioning as a single team,[14] using the proprietary Rockstar Advanced Game Engine (RAGE).[15] Woody Jackson, who co-composed the score of Red Dead Redemption, reprises his role.[4] The game was announced in October 2016.[16][17] In the two days prior, the company had used various social media platforms as well as their own website to release two teaser images in the color and theme of Red Dead Redemption.[18][19] The teaser images led to considerable attention and raised the stock price of its parent company Take-Two Interactive by nearly six percent.[20][21] On the day of its announcement for PlayStation 4 and Xbox One, some fans started petitioning Rockstar Games for the game to be made available on Microsoft Windows as well.[22] Per an exclusivity agreement with Sony Interactive Entertainment, certain online game content will be timed exclusives for the PlayStation 4.[23] Originally due for release in the second half of 2017, the game has been delayed twice: first to Q1/Q2 2018,[24] and later to October 26, 2018.[25]

text: The game's debut trailer was released on October 20, 2016, depicting the open world environment,[17] and the second and third trailers—released on September 28, 2017, and May 2, 2018, respectively—introduced the game's characters and story.[3][26] A trailer released on August 9 features the first gameplay footage. It demonstrates the shooting and horse mechanics, and the ability to maintain the player's gang and camps.[1] To spur pre-order sales, Rockstar collaborated with several retail outlets to provide special edition versions of the game. The "Special Edition" includes exclusive single-player content, while the "Ultimate Edition" features additional online content. The "Collector's Box" is a collection of physical merchandise relating to the game.[27]

text: An online multiplayer portion of the game called Red Dead Online is also in the works and is planned to release as a public beta in November 2018.[28] During an IGN Q&A session with various Rockstar developers, when asked why it will not be available simultaneously with the base game, design director Imran Sarwar answered “Red Dead Redemption 2 is an absolutely massive story-based game that we hope people will be lost in for a long time and we want people to experience everything that world has to offer before we build on that with the Online experience” while also stating that “we [at Rockstar] see them essentially as separate products that will grow and evolve independently of each other” and saying that the team has learned after launching online games that there are bound to be a few issues and that they wish to roll out the game as smoothly as possible. It is also mentioned that the game takes many of the favorite elements of Grand Theft Auto Online while also further expanding the original game’s ideas.[29]

text: Reception[edit]

text: ReceptionAggregate scoreAggregatorScoreMetacritic97/100[30][31]Review scoresPublicationScoreEGM10/10[32]Game Informer10/10[33]GameSpot9/10[35]GamesRadar+[34]IGN10/10[36]USgamer[37]

text: Red Dead Redemption 2 received "universal acclaim" from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic.[30][31] It is the highest rated PlayStation 4 and Xbox One game on Metacritic along with Rockstar's Grand Theft Auto V.[38]

text: Game Informer awarded the game a perfect score writing: "Rockstar Games has outdone itself again with Red Dead Redemption II. The up-close portrayal of the outlaw Van der Linde gang's unraveling is a compelling companion story that blends seamlessly with the original game, and depth and breadth of the open world is a technical triumph that every gamer should experience."[33] IGN also awarded the game full marks, commenting  "Red Dead Redemption 2 stands shoulder-to-shoulder with Grand Theft Auto V as one of the greatest games of the modern age. It's a gorgeous depiction of an ugly period that's patient, polished, and a huge amount of fun to play, and it's combined with Rockstar's best storytelling to date. Even after finishing the lengthy story I can't wait to go back and play more."[36] In another full score review, Electronic Gaming Monthly wrote: "Criticisms often come easier than compliments, but in the case of Red Dead Redemption 2, I am at a loss. This is one of the most gorgeous, seamless, rootinest, tootinest games ever made, and if you voluntarily miss out on it, you're either not a gamer or in a coma."[32] USgamer said, "[i]s Red Dead Redemption 2 better than the first game? Very much so. Is Red Dead Redemption 2 perfect? No. Rockstar Games has crafted this huge, beautiful world with an attention to detail that's astounding..." and summarised by saying "Red Dead Redemption 2 is a fantastic game that should keep players satisfied for another eight years."[37] Alessandro Fillari of GameSpot praised the story, characters and animation and said "Red Dead Redemption 2 is an excellent prequel, but it's also an emotional, thought-provoking story in its own right, and it's a world that is hard to leave when it's done."[35]

text: Some minor criticism focused on the game's control system, which was described as "clunky" and "outdated".[39][40][41] Push Square called the controls "serviceable" but at their worst "infuriating", and that the button layouts for various actions were too convoluted.[42] Forbes criticized the game for having a noticeable input lag and wrote that "things aren't as tight as they need to be".[43] US Gamer was disappointed that the game fundamentally used the same control scheme that Rockstar had first developed for their release of Grand Theft Auto IV in 2008, and questioned why it had not been sufficiently improved upon in that time.[40]

text: Sales[edit]

text: Since the previous installment in the series was among the best-selling games of the seventh generation of video game consoles, many analysts believed that Red Dead Redemption 2 would be one of the highest-selling games of 2018 and would have a great effect on other game sales during the fourth quarter. When discussing the delay until October 2018, a writer from Forbes said "A huge arrival for [Red Dead Redemption 2] could be a crater that dampens sales of all competitors in that window, so I have to imagine this shockwave is being felt pretty hard right now around the industry."[44] In July 2018, The NPD Group, a market research company, published an article titled "Video Game Industry Predictions for Holiday 2018", where author and industry analyst Mat Piscatella predicted that Red Dead Redemption 2 would be the best-selling game of 2018, outselling other blockbuster titles like Call of Duty: Black Ops 4, Battlefield V, and Fallout 76.[45]

text: Red Dead Redemption 2 is the best-selling retail game in its first week of release and the second-fastest-selling game of 2018 in the UK, behind FIFA 19. The game's opening week UK physical sales were doubled from its predecessor's with 68% of sales being the PS4 version and the remainder on the Xbox One. Red Dead Redemption 2 is also the third-fastest-selling non-FIFA game released this generation, behind Call of Duty: Black Ops 3 and Call of Duty: Advanced Warfare.[46]

text: On October 30, 2018, Rockstar Games announced that Red Dead Redemption 2 has the largest opening weekend in history of entertainment, managing to sell over $725 million in copies worldwide in just over three days since its release. Although Rockstar Games did not share the exact unit sales, the sell-through numbers suggest over 10 million copies of the game have been sold. Additionally, Red Dead Redemption 2 is also the second highest-grossing entertainment launch (the first being Grand Theft Auto V)[47] and had the largest launch sales on Playstation Network.[48]

text: "Crunch time" controversy[edit]

text: In an interview with Harold Goldberg of the New York magazine published on October 14, 2018, Dan Houser, Rockstar Games' co-founder and vice-president for creative, and head writer for Red Dead Redemption 2, stated that they had been working 100-hour weeks "several times in 2018".[49][50] Many sources interpreted this statement as "crunch time" for the entire development staff of the game, comparable to similar accusations made by wives of Rockstar San Diego employees in regards to the development of the game's predecessor, with Rockstar Games receiving strong criticism.[51] In a statement sent by Rockstar to various media outlets that same day, it was clarified that the work duration mentioned by Houser only affected the senior writing staff for Red Dead Redemption 2, which comprised himself, Mike Unsworth, Rupert Humphries and Lazlow Jones, and that the duration had only been the case for three weeks during the entire development.[52] Houser also added that the company would never expect or force any employee to work as long as was stated, and if anyone was staying late at the development studios, it would be due to their passion for the project.[53][54] However, other Rockstar employees have come out arguing that Houser's statements were broad, and do not give an accurate picture of the "crunch-time culture" at the company that many employees work under. [55]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
Ref.

2016

The Game Awards 2016

Most Anticipated Game

Nominated

[56]

2017

Golden Joystick Awards

Most Wanted Game

Nominated

[57][58]

The Game Awards 2017

Most Anticipated Game

Nominated

[59]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Stylized as Red Dead Redemption II

Jump up ^ The Mexican state of Nuevo Paraiso which featured in Red Dead Redemption is not a part of the new game world.[citation needed]

tag: ol


document_title: Science Fiction/Double Feature

question_text: who sings the opening song of rocky horror

text: Science Fiction/Double Feature

text: Overview[edit]

text: The film opens with a title sequence of a disembodied mouth[2] (inspired by the surreal Man Ray painting A l'heure de l'observatoire, les Amoureux (Observatory Time, the Lovers)) against a black background singing in homage to classic science fiction films.[3] It was sung by Richard O'Brien and lip synced, as the now-iconic pair of red lips, by co-star Patricia Quinn.[4] In its original incarnation, The Rocky Horror Show, the song was performed by the character Magenta doubling as the credited role of "Usherette". This character took on the unofficial names of "Miss Strawberry Time", "Trixie" and the "Belasco Popcorn Girl" from props carried on stage during the number. For the filming of the opening sequence, Quinn's head had to be strapped to a board to keep it stationary for filming.

text: The song is made up of fragments from 1950s subgenre horror and science fiction films and likened to that of avant-garde artist Tristan Tzara by author Vera Dika in her book, Recycled Culture in Contemporary Art and Film. Tzara would construct poems by taking snippets of words from newspapers and placing them into a bag to randomly draw from and arrange. Instead, the words in "Science Fiction/Double Feature" are purposely made to rhyme with a set structure and set with phrases that create cohesion.[5]

text: The original concept of the song for the feature film as indicated in the original script was to have film clips of each movie shown with a scratched aged effect overlay during the song and opening credits. The idea was dropped when it became apparent that the cost of acquiring the rights to these clips in 1974 was far too prohibitive.

text: The song is in the key of A major and the reprise of the song is in the key of B♭ major.

text: Musical number[edit]

text: In the original stage version, the prologue of the show features the usherette singing "Science Fiction/Double Feature" as she enters after the theater lighting has been dimmed. A spotlight follows her as she carries her refreshment tray down the aisle and onto the stage.

text: In the film version, production designer Brian Thomson decided to use Patricia Quinn's lipsticked mouth against a black background, lip syncing to Richard O'Brien's vocal, with the picture inverted. Inspired by the Man Ray painting entitled Lips (1966), the opening number (prologue) is sung by these disembodied lips that freeze in place for the credits. The prologue was originally going to feature shots from the films referenced in the song under the opening credits.

text: Films referenced in the lyrics[edit]

text: The Day the Earth Stood Still[edit]

text: 20th Century Fox (1951)

text: "Michael Rennie was ill the day the earth stood still, but he told us where we stand"

text: The story of a humanoid alien visitor who comes to Earth with a warning. The film stars Michael Rennie, Patricia Neal, Sam Jaffe, and Hugh Marlowe, under the direction of Robert Wise. Screenwriter Edmund H. North based the screenplay on the 1940 Harry Bates' short story "Farewell to the Master." The score was composed by Bernard Herrmann and used two theremin electronic instruments. The film is often considered by movie historians to be one of the classics of the science-fiction genre. Since the release of the movie, the phrase Klaatu barada nikto has appeared repeatedly in fiction and in popular culture. No translation of the phrase was stated in the film.

text: Rocky Horror uses the theme of a young couple going to a wise, older learned teacher as the catalyst for the plot of both the original stage play and film versions.

text: Flash Gordon[edit]

text: Universal Pictures (1936)

text: "And Flash Gordon was there in silver underwear"

text: Serial film which tells the story of three people from Earth who travel to the planet Mongo to fight the evil Emperor Ming the Merciless. Buster Crabbe, Jean Rogers, Charles B. Middleton, Priscilla Lawson and Frank Shannon played the central roles. This serial has been selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry.

text: The entire film was produced to be shown in small episodes shown with deliberate cliffhangers to bring the audience back.

text: The film was remade in 1980 directed by Mike Hodges and produced by Dino De Laurentiis. It stars Sam J. Jones, Melody Anderson, Chaim Topol, Max von Sydow, Timothy Dalton, Brian Blessed and Ornella Muti. The screenplay was written by Michael Allin (of Enter the Dragon fame) and Lorenzo Semple, Jr. It intentionally uses a camp style similar to the 1960s TV series Batman (for which Semple had written many episodes) in an attempt to appeal to fans of the original comics and serial films. The film is notable for its soundtrack composed by rock band Queen. In an ironic move, Richard O'Brien, creator of Rocky Horror and songwriter of "Science Fiction/Double Feature" was cast in a small part.

text: The Invisible Man[edit]

text: Universal Pictures (1933)

text: "Claude Rains was The Invisible Man"

text: A 1933 horror film based on H. G. Wells' science fiction novel The Invisible Man, published in 1897, as adapted by R. C. Sherriff, Philip Wylie and Preston Sturges, whose work was considered unsatisfactory and who was taken off the project. The film was directed by James Whale and stars Claude Rains, in his first American screen appearance, and Gloria Stuart. It is considered one of the great Universal Horror films of the 1930s, and spawned a number of sequels, plus many spinoffs using the idea of an "invisible man" that were largely unrelated to Wells' original story.

text: In his first American screen appearance, Rains portrayed the Invisible Man (Dr. Jack Griffin) mostly only as a disembodied voice. Rains is only shown clearly for a brief time at the end of the film, spending most of his on-screen time covered by bandages.

text: In 2008, The Invisible Man was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".

text: A nod to this film is directly evident in the fully bandaged figure of Rocky Horror during and after being brought to life.

text: King Kong[edit]

text: RKO Pictures (1933)

text: "Then something went wrong for Fay Wray and King Kong, they got caught in a celluloid jam"

text: A 1933 landmark black-and-white monster film about a gigantic gorilla named "Kong" and how he is captured from a remote lost prehistoric island and brought to civilization against his will. The film was made by RKO and was originally written for the screen by Ruth Rose and James Ashmore Creelman, based on a concept by Merian C. Cooper. A major on-screen credit for Edgar Wallace, sharing the story with Cooper, was unearned, as Wallace became ill soon after his arrival in Hollywood and died without writing a word, but Cooper had promised him credit.[6] A novelization of the screenplay actually appeared in 1932, a year before the film, adapted by Delos W. Lovelace, and contains descriptions of scenes not present in the movie.

text: The film was directed by Merian C. Cooper and Ernest B. Schoedsack, starred Fay Wray, Robert Armstrong and Bruce Cabot, and is notable for Willis O'Brien's ground-breaking stop-motion animation, Max Steiner's musical score and Fay Wray's performance as the ape's love interest. King Kong premiered in New York City on March 2, 1933 at Radio City Music Hall.

text: The idea of a gorilla kidnapping and lusting for a human woman is an old concept as reflected in Emmanuel Frémiet's 1887 sculpture Gorilla Carrying off a Woman.

text: King Kong was influenced by the "Lost World" literary genre, particularly Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World (1912) and Edgar Rice Burroughs' The Land That Time Forgot (1918), which depicted remote and isolated jungles teeming with prehistoric life. Furthermore, a film adaptation of the Doyle novel made movie history in 1925, with special effects by Willis O'Brien and the Kong crew.

text: In one of the more blatant attempts to inject iconic cult imagery, Director Jim Sharman has the creature, Rocky Horror, lift the lifeless body of Frank and carry him up the tower of the RKO logo.

text: It Came from Outer Space[edit]

text: Universal International Pictures (1953)

text: "Then at a deadly pace it came from outer space"

text: A 1953 science fiction 3-D film directed by Jack Arnold, and starring Richard Carlson, Barbara Rush, and Charles Drake.

text: Author and amateur astronomer John Putnam (Carlson) and schoolteacher Ellen Fields (Rush) watch a great meteor crash to earth near the small town of Sand Rock, Arizona. After visiting the crash site, John Putnam notices a strange object at the impact site, and comes to believe the meteor is not a meteor at all, but an alien spaceship. After a landslide covers the mysterious craft, John Putnam's story is ridiculed by the townspeople, the sheriff (Drake), and the local media. Even Ellen is unsure of what to believe at first, but soon agrees to assist John in further investigation. In the following days, several local people disappear. A few return, only to display odd robot-like behavior, and seem distant and removed from their normal selves. Eventually Sheriff Drake also becomes convinced that something more than a meteor is involved, and organizes a posse to root out and destroy the invaders. All alone, John hopes to reach a peaceful solution, entering a mine which he hopes will lead him to the buried spacecraft and its mysterious occupants.

text: The screenplay was by Harry Essex, with input by Jack Arnold, and was derived from an original screen treatment by Ray Bradbury. Unusual among sci-fi films of the day, the alien "invaders" were portrayed as creatures without malicious intent. The film has been interpreted as a metaphorical refutation of supposedly xenophobic attitudes and ideology of the Cold War.

text: "I wanted to treat the invaders as beings who were not dangerous, and that was very unusual", Bradbury said. He offered two outlines to the studio, one with malicious aliens, the other with benign aliens. "The studio picked the right concept, and I stayed on."

text: As author of the original book for the stage production of The Rocky Horror Picture Show, O'Brien uses the alien possession device in a tongue in cheek manner by having the Character of Frank-N-Furter "transform" his captured victims into stone and then force them to perform, removed from their normal selves at the finale.

text: Doctor X[edit]

text: First National Pictures (1932)

text: "Doctor X will build a creature"

text: A First National/Warner Bros. horror and mystery film from 1932. Doctor X is a mystery-horror film with tongue-in-cheek comedic elements. In the film, there has been a series of pathological murders that have taken place over a series of months in New York City. The murders always take place at night, under the light of a full moon. Furthermore, each body has been cannibalized after the murder has taken place. Witnesses to the events describe a horribly disfigured "monster" as the killer. The police, a reporter, and the scientist named in the title investigate the murders throughout the film.[7]

text: It was directed by Michael Curtiz and stars Lee Tracy, Fay Wray, and Lionel Atwill. The film is notable for having been shot in Technicolor and being produced before the motion picture Production Code was enforced. Thus, mature themes such as murder, rape, cannibalism, and prostitution are interwoven into the story.

text: Forbidden Planet[edit]

text: Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (1956)

text: "Anne Francis stars in Forbidden Planet"

text: A 1956 science fiction film directed by Fred M. Wilcox and starring Walter Pidgeon, Anne Francis and Leslie Nielsen. The characters and setting were inspired by Shakespeare's The Tempest,[8] and the plots are very similar.

text: The film features a number of Oscar-nominated special effects, groundbreaking use of an all-electronic music score, and the first screen appearance of both Robby the Robot[9] and the C-57D flying saucer starship.

text: In the early 23rd century, the United Planets Cruiser C-57D is sent to the planet Altair IV in the Altair star system, sixteen light years from Earth, to find out the fate of a colony expedition sent out some twenty years earlier. At the end of the year-long voyage, Commander John J. Adams contacts Dr. Edward Morbius, who warns him to stay away, but refuses to give a reason.

text: Upon landing, the crew is met by Robby the Robot, who takes Adams, his first officer, Lieutenant Jerry Farman, and Lieutenant "Doc" Ostrow to Morbius' home. Morbius explains that a year after the expedition's arrival, some unknown force wiped out nearly everyone in his party and vaporized their starship as the last survivors tried to escape. Only he, his wife (who later died), and his infant daughter survived. Morbius fears that the same fate may await the crew of the C-57D.

text: Tarantula[edit]

text: Universal International Pictures (1955)

text: "I knew Leo G. Carroll was over a barrel when Tarantula took to the hills"

text: A 1955 science fiction film directed by Jack Arnold, and starring Leo G. Carroll, John Agar, and Mara Corday. Among other things, the film is notable for the appearance of a 25-year-old Clint Eastwood in an uncredited role as a jet pilot at the end of the film.

text: The plot concerns a biological researcher, Professor Gerald Deemer, who is trying to prevent the food shortages which will result from the world's expanding population. With the help of atomic science, he invents a special nutrient on which animals can live exclusively, but which causes them to grow to many times their normal size. In his laboratory, he houses several oversized rodents and, inexplicably, a tarantula.

text: When his researchers try the nutrient, they develop runaway acromegaly and one of them is driven mad, half destroys the lab (freeing the animals) and attacks Deemer and injects him with the solution. As a result, Deemer gradually becomes more and more deformed while the now-gigantic tarantula ravages the countryside. A sympathetic doctor and Deemer's female assistant investigate the mystery of the clean-picked cattle bones and the eight-foot pools of arachnid venom, and the spider is eventually destroyed, after several failed attempts, by a napalm attack launched from a fighter squadron.

text: The Day of the Triffids[edit]

text: Allied Artists (1962)

text: "And I really got hot when I saw Janette Scott fight a Triffid that spits poison and kills"

text: A 1962 British film adaptation of the science fiction novel of the same name by John Wyndham. It was directed by Steve Sekely, and starred Janette Scott and Howard Keel, who played the central character, Bill Masen.[10] The movie was filmed in color with monaural sound and ran for 93 minutes.

text: Triffids are strange fictional plants, capable of rudimentary animal-like behavior: they are able to uproot themselves and walk, possess a deadly whip-like poisonous sting, and may even have the ability to communicate with each other. On screen they vaguely resemble gigantic asparagus shoots.

text: Bill Masen begins the story in hospital, with his eyes bandaged. He discovers that while he has been blindfolded, an unusual meteor shower has blinded most people on Earth. Masen finds people in London struggling to stay alive in the face of their new, instantly-acquired affliction, some cooperating, some fighting: after just a few days society is collapsing.

text: Night of the Demon[edit]

text: Columbia (1957), released in the United States as Curse of the Demon

text: "Dana Andrews said prunes gave him the runes, and passing them used lots of skills"

text: A 1957 British horror film directed by Jacques Tourneur, starring Dana Andrews, Peggy Cummins and Niall MacGinnis. An adaptation of M. R. James' Casting the Runes (1911), the plot revolves around American professor John Holden going to England and investigating a Satanic cult suspected of being responsible for more than one death in recent months.

text: The film's production was turbulent due to clashing ideas between producer Hal E. Chester against Jacques Tourneur and writer Charles Bennett. Against Bennett and Tourneur's wishes of leaving the supernatural demon's existence up to the audience, Chester demanded to make the demon have a highly visible presence on-camera. The film was also edited further in America in its 1958 debut under the title of The Curse of the Demon, as the second half of a double feature to accompany the film The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958) which, in a twist of deliberate fate contain two very obvious props reused in The Rocky Horror Picture Show, the creation tank and bandaged wrapped dummy.

text: When Worlds Collide[edit]

text: Paramount Pictures (1951)

text: "But when worlds collide, said George Pal to his bride, I'm gonna give you some terrible thrills"

text: A 1951 science fiction film based on the 1932 novel co-written by Philip Gordon Wylie and Edwin Balmer. The movie was filmed in Technicolor, directed by Rudolph Maté and was the winner of the 1951 Academy Award for special effects. George Pal was the producer of When Worlds Collide and the director of the 1953 film War of the Worlds and the 1960 The Time Machine, among other films.

text: Cover versions[edit]

text:
Cover versions have been recorded by Me First and the Gimme Gimmes, The Black Math Experiment, and Chris Murray.
The Dresden Dolls have been known to perform it live, both as a band as with vocalist Amanda Palmer solo on the keyboards.
Dark-Cabaret artist Voltaire has performed this song live.
Luke Ski parodied the song as "Mystery Science Theater Picture Show", a tribute to Mystery Science Theater 3000.
In 2004, Joan Jett and the Blackhearts covered this song on the album Naked.
Jack Antonoff of the band fun. covered the song.
Naya Rivera (playing the character Santana Lopez) covered the song for The Rocky Horror Glee Show.[11]
The Forgotten Rebels cover the song on their 1989 album "Untitled."
The Misfits have occasionally covered the song live as a finale to their encore since 2000, and also releasing a live recording on their 2013 live album Dead Alive!. A studio recording is featured on the B-side of the Descending Angels Single.
Czech punk'n'roll band Skřehule covered the song on their debut album Internet Amateurs.
So-Cal Rocket Dynamics, a Los Angeles-based Rockabilly band, covered the song on their 2014 album Too Bad She Won't Live.
The song is covered occasionally during the Rupaul's Drag Race Battle of the Seasons show. The performance is usually covered by Michelle Visage.
Ivy Levan performed the song as Trixie the Usherette in the opening to Fox's 2016 televised tribute The Rocky Horror Picture Show: Let's Do the Time Warp Again

text: In other media[edit]

text:
The song appears as Fauxlivia Dunham's ringtone in the 23rd episode of season 2 of the television series, Fringe called Over There Part 2.
The song is one of many Rocky Horror Picture Show songs that appear in the 21st episode of Season 2 of the television show, Cold Case, titled Creature Of The Night. The episode also pays homage by doing exactly the same end credits as the movie including the reprise of the song.