document_title: Dayananda Saraswati

question_text: who gave the famous slogan go back to vedas

text: Dayananda Saraswati

text: Early life[edit]

text: Dayananda Saraswati was born on the 10th day of waning moon in the month of Purnimanta Falguna (<As the tithi Falguna Krishna Dashami falls on 24th February and not on 12th February, 1824>24 February 1824) on the tithi to a Hindu family[11] in  Jeevapar Tankara, Kathiawad region (now Morbi district of Gujarat.)[12][13] His original name was Mul Shankar because he was born in Dhanu Rashi and Mul Nakshatra. His father was Karshanji Lalji Tiwari, a wealthy tax collector, and his mother was Amrutbai. His father also served as the head of an eminent Hindu family of the village. As such Dayanand led a comfortable early life, learning Sanskrit and studying the Vedas and other religious texts.[14][15]

text: When he was eight years old, his Yajnopavita Sanskara ceremony was performed, marking his entry into formal education. His father was a follower of Shiva and taught him the ways to impress Shiva. He was also taught the importance of keeping fasts. On the occasion of Shivratri, Dayananda sat awake the whole night in obedience to Shiva. On one of these fasts, he saw a mouse eating the offerings and running over the idol's body. After seeing this, he questioned that if Shiva could not defend himself against a mouse, then how could he be the savior of the massive world.[citation needed]

text: The deaths of his younger sister and his uncle from cholera caused Dayananda to ponder the meaning of life and death. He began asking questions which worried his parents. He was engaged in his early teens, but he decided marriage was not for him and ran away from home in 1846.[16][17]

text: Dayananda Saraswati spent nearly twenty-five years, from 1845 to 1869, as a wandering ascetic, searching for religious truth. He gave up material goods and lived a life of self-denial, devoting himself to spiritual pursuits in forests, retreats in the Himalayan Mountains, and pilgrimage sites in northern India. During these years he practiced various forms of yoga and became a disciple of a religious teacher named Virajanand Dandeesha. Virajanand believed that Hinduism had strayed from its historical roots and that many of its practices had become impure. Dayananda Sarasvati promised Virajanand that he would devote his life to restoring the rightful place of the Vedas in the Hindu faith.[18]

text: Dayanand's mission[edit]

text: Dayanand's mission was to ask humankind for universal brotherhood through nobility as stated in the Vedas. He believed that Hinduism had been corrupted by divergence from the founding principles of the Vedas and that Hindus had been misled by the priesthood for the priests' self-aggrandizement. For this mission, he founded the Arya Samaj, enunciating the Ten Universal Principles as a code for Universalism, called Krinvanto Vishwaryam. With these principles, he intended the whole world to be an abode for Nobles (Aryas).

text: His next step was to reform Hinduism with a new dedication to God. He traveled the country challenging religious scholars and priests to discussions, winning repeatedly through the strength of his arguments and knowledge of Sanskrit and Vedas.[19] Hindu priests discouraged the laity from reading Vedic scriptures, and encouraged rituals, such as bathing in the Ganges River and feeding of priests on anniversaries, which Dayananda pronounced as superstitions or self-serving practices. By exhorting the nation to reject such superstitious notions, his aim was to educate the nation to return to the teachings of the Vadis, and to follow the Vadic way of life. He also exhorted the Hindu nation to accept social reforms, including the importance of Cows for national prosperity as well as the adoption of Hindi as the national language for national integration. Through his daily life and practice of yoga and asanas, teachings, preaching, sermons and writings, he inspired the Hindu nation to aspire to Swarajya (self governance), nationalism, and spiritualism. He advocated the equal rights and respects to women and advocated for the education of all children, regardless of gender.

text: Swami Dayanand also logical, scientific and critical analyses of faiths including Christianity & Islam, as well as of other Indian faiths like Jainism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. In addition to discouraging idolatry in Hinduism,[20] he was also against what he considered to be the corruption of the true and pure faith in his own country. Unlike many other reform movements of his times within Hinduism, the Arya Samaj's appeal was addressed not only to the educated few in India, but to the world as a whole as evidenced in the sixth principle of the Arya Samaj. As a result, his teachings professed universalism for all the living beings and not for any particular sect, faith, community or nation.

text: Arya Samaj allows and encourages converts to Hinduism. Dayananda's concept of dharma is stated in the "Beliefs and Disbeliefs" section of Satyartha Prakash, he says:

text:
"I accept as Dharma whatever is in full conformity with impartial justice, truthfulness and the like; that which is not opposed to the teachings of God as embodied in the Vedas. Whatever is not free from partiality and is unjust, partaking of untruth and the like, and opposed to the teachings of God as embodied in the Vedas—that I hold as adharma."
"He, who after careful thinking, is ever ready to accept truth and reject falsehood; who counts the happiness of others as he does that of his own self, him I call just."

text: Dayananda's Vedic message emphasized respect and reverence for other human beings, supported by the Vedic notion of the divine nature of the individual. In the ten principles of the Arya Samaj, he enshrined the idea that "All actions should be performed with the prime objective of benefiting mankind", as opposed to following dogmatic rituals or revering idols and symbols. The first five principles speak of Truth, while the last five speak of a society with nobility, civics, co-living, and disciplined life. In his own life, he interpreted moksha to be a lower calling, as it argued for benefits to the individual, rather than calling to emancipate others.

text: Dayananda's "back to the Vedas" message influenced many thinkers and philosophers the world over.[21]

text: Activities[edit]

text: Dayanand is recorded to have been active since he was 14, which time he was able to recite religious verses and teach about them. He was respected at the time for taking parts in religious debates. His debates were attended by relatively large crowd of the public.

text: One of the most important debates took place on 22 October 1869 in Varanasi, where he won a debate against 27 scholars and approximately  12 expert pandits. The debate recorded to have been attended by over 50,000 people. The main topic was "Do the Vedas uphold deity worship?"[22][23]

text: Arya Samaj[edit]

text: Swami Dayananda Saraswati's creations, the Arya Samaj, condemns practices of several different religions and communities, including such practices as idol worship, animal sacrifice, pilgrimages, priest craft, offerings made in temples, the castes, child marriages, meat eating and discrimination against women. He argues that all of these practices run contrary to good sense and the wisdom of the Vedas. The Arya Samaj discourages dogma and symbolism and encourages skepticism in beliefs that run contrary to common sense and logic.

text: Views on superstitions[edit]

text: He severely criticized the practice what he considered superstitions, including sorcery, and astrology, which were prevalent in India at the time. Below are several quotes from his book, Sathyarth Prakash:

text: "They should also counsel then against all things that lead to superstition, and are opposed to true religion and science, so that they may never give credence to such imaginary things as ghosts(Bhuts) and spirits (Preta)."

text: "All alchemists, magicians, sorcerers, wizards, spiritists, etc. are cheats and all their practices should be looked upon as nothing but downright fraud. Young people should be well counseled against all these frauds, in their very childhood, so that they may not suffer through being duped by any unprincipled person."

text: On Astrology, he wrote,

text: when these ignorant people go to an astrologer and say " O Sir! What is wrong with this person'? He replies "The sun and other stars are maleficent to him. If you were to perform a propitiatory ceremony, or have magic formulas chanted, or prayers said, or specific acts of charity done, he will recover. Otherwise I should not be surprised, even if he were to lose his life after a long period of suffering."

text: Inquirer - Well, Mr. Astrologer, you know, the sun and other stars are but inanimate things like this earth of ours. They can do nothing but give light, heat, etc. Do you take them for conscious being possessed of human passions, of pleasure and anger, that when offended, bring on pain and misery, and when propitiated, bestow happiness on human beings?

text: Astrologer - Is it not through the influence of stars, then, that some people are rich and others poor, some are rulers, whilst other are their subjects?

text: Inq. - No, it is all the result of their deeds….good or bad.

text: Ast. - Is the Science of stars untrue then?

text: Inq. - No, that part of it which comprises Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, etc., and which goes by the name of Astronomy is true; but the other part that treats of the influence of stars on human beings and their actions and goes by the name of Astrology is all false.

text: He makes a clear distinction between jyotisha shaastra and astrology, calling astrology a fraud.

text: "Thereafter, they should thoroughly study the Jyotisha Shaastra - which includes Arithmetic, Algebra, Geometry, Geography, Geology and astronomy in two years. They should also have practical training in these Sciences, learn the proper handling of instruments, master their mechanism, and know how to use them. But they should regard Astrology - which treats of the influence of stars and constellation on the destinies of man, of auspiciousness and nonauspiciousness of time, of horoscopes, etc. - as a fraud, and never learn or teach any books on this subject.

text: Views on other religions[edit]

text: Dayanand Saraswati is noted to have thoroughly studied religions other than Hinduism, including Islam, Buddhism, Jainism, Christianity, Sikhism, and others. He described these religions in the chapters of his book Satyarth Prakash, though his analysis seemed critical.[24]

text: Islam[edit]

text: He viewed Islam to be waging wars and immorality. He doubted that Islam had anything to do with the God, and questioned why a God would hate every non-believer, allowing slaughter of animals, and command Muhammad to slaughter innocent people.[25]

text: He further described Muhammad as "imposter", and one who held out "a bait to men and women, in the name of God, to compass his own selfish needs". He regarded Quran as "Not the Word of God. It is a human work. Hence it cannot be believed in".[26]

text: Christianity[edit]

text: His analysis of the Bible was based on the comparison with scientific evidences, morality, and other properties, though he states that the Bible contains many stories and precepts that are immoral, praising cruelty, deceit and that encourage sin.[27] One notes many discrepancies and fallacies of logic after reading Chapter XIII of Satyarth Prakash, showing e.g. that God fearing Adam eating the fruit of life and becoming his equal displays jealousy. His critique has shown many logical fallacies in the Bible, and throughout he asserts that the events depicted in the Bible portray God as a man rather than an Omniscient, Omnipotent or Complete being.

text: He opposed the perpetual virginity of Mary, he added that such doctrines are simply against the nature of law, and that God will never break his own law because God is Omniscient and infallible.

text: The Arya Samaj journal, The Regenerator of the Aryavata, called Christian missionaries "pernicious" and "foul".[28]:70

text: Sikhism[edit]

text: He regarded Guru Nanak as "not much literate",[29] who was quite ignorant about the Vedas, Sanskrit, the Shashtras. Otherwise, according to Swami Dayanand Saraswati, Guru Nanak wouldn't be mistaken with words. A Sikh scholar wrote a response, to which Dayanand Saraswati replied that his opinion had undergone a change after having visited the Punjab, and the remarks about Sikhism would be removed in the subsequent edition of his work. However, these remarks were never removed after the assassination of Dayanand Saraswati, and later editions of Satyarth Prakash were even more critical of Sikhism.[30]

text: He further pointed that followers of Sikhism are to be blamed for making up stories that Guru Nanak possessed miraculous powers and had met the Gods. He slammed Guru Gobind Singh, and other Gurus to have "invented fictitious stories", although he also recognized Guru Gobind Singh to "indeed a very brave man".[31]

text: Jainism[edit]

text: He regarded Jainism as "a most dreadful religion", writing that Jains were intolerant and hostile towards the non-Jains.[32]

text: Buddhism[edit]

text: Dayanand described Buddhism as "anti-vedic" and "atheistic".[33] He describes the type of "salvation" Buddhism as being attainable even to dogs and donkeys. He further criticized the Cosmogony of Buddhism, stating that the earth was not created.

text: Assassination attempts[edit]

text: Dayananda was subjected to many unsuccessful attempts on his life.[22]

text: According to his supporters, he was poisoned on few occasions, but due to his regular practice of Hatha Yoga he survived all such attempts. One story tells that attackers once attacked attempted to drown him in a river, but Dayanand dragged the assailants into the river instead, though he released them before they drowned.[34] Another account tells that he was attacked by Muslims who were offended by his criticism of Islam while meditating on the Ganges river. They threw him into the water but he saved himself  because his pranayama practice allowed him to stay under water until the attackers left.[35]

text: Assassination[edit]

text: In 1883, the Maharaja of Jodhpur Swami, Jaswant Singh II, invited Dayananda to stay at his palace. The Maharaja was eager to become Dayananda's disciple, and to learn his teachings. During his stay, Dayananda went to the Maharaja's rest room and saw him with a dancing girl named Nanhi Jaan. Dayananda asked the Maharaja to forsake the girl and all unethical acts, and to follow the dharma like a true Aryan. Dayananda's suggestion offended Nanhi, who decided to take revenge.[1]

text: On 29 September 1883, she bribed Dayananda's cook, Jagannath, to mix small pieces of glass in his nightly milk.[36] Dayananda was served glass-laden milk before bed, which he promptly drank, becoming bedridden for several days, and suffering excruciating pain. The Maharaja quickly arranged doctor's services for him. However, by the time doctors arrived, his condition had worsened, and he had developed large, bleeding sores. Upon seeing Dayananda's suffering, Jagannath was overwhelmed with guilt and confessed his crime to Dayananda. On his deathbed, Dayananda forgave him, and gave him a bag of money, telling him to flee the kingdom before he was found and executed by the Maharaja's men.[1]

text: Later, Maharaja arranged for Swamiji to be sent to Mount Abu as per the advice of Residency, however, after staying for some time in Abu, Swamji was sent to Ajmer for better medical care. On 26 October 1883.[36] There was no improvement in his health and he died on the morning of 30 October 1883 at 6:00 am, chanting mantras. The day coincided with Hindu festival of Diwali.[36][relevant?  – discuss]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Maharshi Dayanand University in Rohtak, Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University in Ajmer, DAV University in Jalandhar are named after him. So are over 800+ schools and colleges under D.A.V. College Managing Committee, including Dayanand College at Ajmer. Industrialist Nanji Kalidas Mehta built the Maharshi Dayanand Science College and donated it to the Education Society of Porbandar, after naming it after Swami Dayanand Saraswati.

text: Dayananda Saraswati is most notable for influencing the freedom movement of India. His views and writings have been used by different writers, including Shyamji Krishna Varma, who founded India House in London and guided other revolutionaries was influenced by him; Subhas Chandra Bose; Lala Lajpat Rai; Madam Cama; Vinayak Damodar Savarkar; Lala Hardayal; Madan Lal Dhingra; Ram Prasad Bismil; Mahadev Govind Ranade;[8] Swami Shraddhanand; S. Satyamurti; Pandit Lekh Ram; Mahatma Hansraj; Rajiv Dixit; and others.

text: He also had a notable influence on Bhagat Singh.[37] Singh, after finishing primary school, had joined the Dayanand Anglo Vedic Middle School, of Mohan Lal road, in Lahore.[38] Sarvapalli Radhakrishnan, on Shivratri day, 24 February 1964, wrote about Dayananda:

text: Swami Dayananda ranked highest among the makers of modern India. He had worked tirelessly for the political, religious and cultural emancipation of the country. He was guided by reason, taking Hinduism back to the Vedic foundations. He had tried to reform society with a clean sweep, which was again need today. Some of the reforms introduced in the Indian Constitution had been inspired by his teachings.[39]

text: The places Dayanand visited during his life were often changed culturally as a result.[citation needed] Jodhpur adopted Hindi as main language, and later the present day Rajasthan did the same.[40] Other admirers included Swami Vivekananda,[41] Ramakrishna,[42] Bipin Chandra Pal,[43] Vallabhbhai Patel,[44] Syama Prasad Mookerjee, and Romain Rolland, who regarded Dayananda as a remarkable and unique figure.[45]

text: American Spiritualist Andrew Jackson Davis described Dayanand's influence on him, calling Dayanand a "Son of God", and applauding him for restoring the status of the Nation.[46] Sten Konow, a Swedish scholar noted that Dayanand revived the history of India.[47]

text: Others who were notably influenced by him include Ninian Smart, and Benjamin Walker.[48]

text: Works[edit]

text: Dayananda Saraswati wrote more than 60 works in all, including a 16 volume explanation of the six Vedangas, an incomplete commentary on the Ashtadhyayi (Panini's grammar), several small tracts on ethics and morality, Vedic rituals and sacraments, and a piece on the analysis of rival doctrines (such as Advaita Vedanta, Islam and Christianity). Some of his major works include the Satyarth Prakash, Satyarth Bhumika, Sanskarvidhi, RigvedadiBhashyaBhumika, Rigved Bhashyam (up to 7/61/2)and Yajurved Bhashyam. The Paropakarini Sabha located in the Indian city of Ajmer was founded by the Swami himself to publish and preach his works and Vedic texts.

text: Complete list of works[edit]

text:
Sandhya (Unavailable) (1863)
Bhagwat Khandnam OR Paakhand Khandan OR Vaishnavmat Khandan (1866)[49]
Advaitmat Khandan (Unavailable) (1870)
Panchmahayajya Vidhi (1874 & 1877)
Satyarth Prakash (1875 & 1884)
VedantiDhwant Nivaran (1875)
Vedviruddh mat Khandan OR Vallabhacharya mat Khandan (1875)
ShikshaPatri Dhwant Nivaran OR SwamiNarayan mat Khandan (1875)
VedBhashyam Namune ka PRATHAM Ank (1875)
VedBhashyam Namune ka DWITIYA Ank (1876)
Aryabhivinaya (Incomplete) (1876)
Sanskarvidhi (1877 & 1884)
AaryoddeshyaRatnaMaala (1877)
RigvedAadibBhasyaBhumika (1878)
Rigved Bhashyam (7/61/1,2 only) (Incomplete) (1877 to 1899)
Yajurved Bhashyam (Complete) (1878 to 1889)
Asthadhyayi Bhashya (2 Parts) (Incomplete) (1878 to 1879)

Vedang Prakash (Set of 16 Books)
Varnoccharan Shiksha (1879)
Sanskrit Vakyaprabodhini (1879)
VyavaharBhanu (1879)
Sandhi Vishay
Naamik
Kaarak
Saamaasik
Taddhit
Avyayaarth
Aakhyatik
Sauvar
PaariBhaasik
Dhatupath
Ganpaath
Unaadikosh
Nighantu

Gautam Ahilya ki katha (Unavailable) (1879)
Bhrantinivaran (1880)
Bhrmocchedan (1880)
AnuBhrmocchedan (1880)
GokarunaNidhi (1880)
Chaturved Vishay Suchi (1971)
Gadarbh Taapni Upnishad (As per Babu Devendranath Mukhopadhyay) (Unavailable)
Hugli Shastrarth tatha Pratima Pujan Vichar (1873)
Jaalandhar Shastrarth (1877)
Satyasatya Vivek (Bareily Shastrarth) (1879)
Satyadharm Vichar (Mela Chandapur) (1880)
Kashi Shastrarth (1880) Note:- For other miscellaneous Shastrarth please read 1.Dayanand Shastrarth Sangrah published by Arsh Sahitya Prachar Trust, Delhi and 2. Rishi Dayanand ke Shastrarth evam Pravachan published by Ramlal Kapoor Trust Sonipat (Haryana).
Arya Samaj ke Niyam aur Upniyam (30 November 1874)
Updesh Manjari (Puna Pravachan) (4 July 1875) (Please see point 2 of note for some more Pravachan)
Swami Dayanand dwara swakathit Janm Charitra (During Puna pravachan) (4 August 1875)
Swami Dayanand dwara swakathit Janm Charitra, for the Theosophist Society's monthly Journal: Nov & 1 Dec
Rishi Dayanand ke Patra aur Vigyapan


document_title: Climate of North Dakota

question_text: when does it warm up in north dakota

question_tokens: when does it warm up in north dakota

root

text: Climate of North Dakota

text: General climatology[edit]

text: Due to its location in the center of North America North Dakota experiences temperature extremes characteristic of a continental climate, with cold winters and mild to hot summers.[2] Each season has distinctive upper air patterns which bring different weather conditions with them. One feature of a continental climate is that weather patterns can be unpredictable. For example, an Alberta clipper, a low pressure system originating in the province of Alberta in Canada, would be a common winter occurrence in North Dakota. But with the general unpredictability of weather in a continental climate, such a storm system could occur in spring, or in late autumn. Hot weather, though usually confined to July and August, can sometimes begin as early as April or May, and could spill over into September or October.[3]

tag: p

text: Being 1,000 miles (1,609 km) from any large body of water (with the exception of Lake Superior), temperatures and precipitation in North Dakota can vary widely. North Dakota is far enough north to experience −60 °F (−51 °C) temperatures and blizzards during the winter months, but far enough south to experience 121 °F (49 °C) temperatures and tornado outbreaks in the summer.[4] The 181 °F degree (100 °C) variation between North Dakota's highest and lowest temperature is the 3rd largest variation of any U.S. State, and the largest of any non-mountainous state.[5]

text: North Dakota is far from major sources of moisture and is in the transition zone between the moist East and the semi-arid West, as precipitation and humidity decrease from east to west. Annual average precipitation across the state ranges from around 14 in (35.6 cm) in the west to 22 in (55.9 cm) in the east.[6] Snow is the main form of precipitation from November through March, while rain is the most common the rest of the year. It has snowed in North Dakota during every month except July and August.

text: Statistics for ThreadEx cities[edit]

text:
[show]Climate data for Bismarck Municipal Airport, North Dakota (1981–2010 normals,[a] extremes 1874–present[b])

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
63
(17)
73
(23)
81
(27)
93
(34)
102
(39)
111
(44)
114
(46)
109
(43)
105
(41)
95
(35)
79
(26)
66
(19)
114
(46)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
46.8
(8.2)
51.0
(10.6)
65.7
(18.7)
81.2
(27.3)
86.9
(30.5)
93.2
(34)
98.8
(37.1)
98.2
(36.8)
92.2
(33.4)
81.9
(27.7)
63.9
(17.7)
48.5
(9.2)
101.6
(38.7)

Average high °F (°C)
23.4
(−4.8)
28.3
(−2.1)
40.4
(4.7)
57.0
(13.9)
68.4
(20.2)
77.2
(25.1)
84.7
(29.3)
83.5
(28.6)
72.1
(22.3)
57.5
(14.2)
39.6
(4.2)
26.2
(−3.2)
54.86
(12.7)

Daily mean °F (°C)
12.8
(−10.7)
18.1
(−7.7)
29.9
(−1.2)
43.8
(6.6)
55.5
(13.1)
64.7
(18.2)
71.1
(21.7)
69.5
(20.8)
58.5
(14.7)
44.8
(7.1)
29.2
(−1.6)
16.2
(−8.8)
42.84
(6.02)

Average low °F (°C)
2.2
(−16.6)
7.9
(−13.4)
19.4
(−7)
30.7
(−0.7)
42.7
(5.9)
52.0
(11.1)
57.4
(14.1)
55.5
(13.1)
44.9
(7.2)
32.2
(0.1)
18.8
(−7.3)
6.1
(−14.4)
30.82
(−0.66)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
−22.8
(−30.4)
−19.3
(−28.5)
−5.3
(−20.7)
13.7
(−10.2)
27.0
(−2.8)
38.8
(3.8)
45.6
(7.6)
41.6
(5.3)
28.6
(−1.9)
15.3
(−9.3)
−1.7
(−18.7)
−17.5
(−27.5)
−29.4
(−34.1)

Record low °F (°C)
−45
(−43)
−45
(−43)
−36
(−38)
−12
(−24)
13
(−11)
30
(−1)
32
(0)
32
(0)
10
(−12)
−10
(−23)
−30
(−34)
−43
(−42)
−45
(−43)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.43
(10.9)
0.51
(13)
0.87
(22.1)
1.26
(32)
2.40
(61)
3.17
(80.5)
2.89
(73.4)
2.28
(57.9)
1.59
(40.4)
1.25
(31.8)
0.71
(18)
0.49
(12.4)
17.85
(453.4)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
8.9
(22.6)
8.1
(20.6)
9.1
(23.1)
4.2
(10.7)
0.4
(1)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.2
(0.5)
2.2
(5.6)
8.8
(22.4)
9.3
(23.6)
51.2
(130)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
7.5
7.0
7.9
7.4
10.1
11.2
9.7
8.2
7.5
6.6
7.0
7.6
97.7

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
9.7
8.1
6.4
2.5
0.4
0
0
0
0.1
1.4
6.6
10.0
45.2

Average relative humidity (%)
71.3
72.4
69.9
61.8
60.1
65.0
61.8
60.6
63.7
63.8
72.0
74.5
66.4

Mean monthly sunshine hours
149.4
153.5
222.3
244.3
296.1
318.1
354.6
316.2
245.9
191.7
122.6
122.9
2,737.6

Percent possible sunshine
53
53
60
60
64
67
74
72
65
57
43
46
61

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990),[7][8][9] The Weather Channel[10]

tag: table

text:
[show]Climate data for Fargo, North Dakota (Hector Int'l), 1981–2010 normals,[c] extremes 1881–present[d]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
55
(13)
66
(19)
80
(27)
100
(38)
104
(40)
104
(40)
114
(46)
106
(41)
102
(39)
97
(36)
74
(23)
65
(18)
114
(46)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
39.6
(4.2)
43.1
(6.2)
57.0
(13.9)
79.9
(26.6)
88.1
(31.2)
91.6
(33.1)
94.0
(34.4)
93.8
(34.3)
89.2
(31.8)
78.2
(25.7)
59.3
(15.2)
41.2
(5.1)
97.0
(36.1)

Average high °F (°C)
18.4
(−7.6)
23.7
(−4.6)
36.3
(2.4)
55.8
(13.2)
69.3
(20.7)
77.4
(25.2)
82.5
(28.1)
81.2
(27.3)
70.8
(21.6)
56.0
(13.3)
37.3
(2.9)
22.3
(−5.4)
52.58
(11.43)

Average low °F (°C)
0.1
(−17.7)
5.6
(−14.7)
19.4
(−7)
32.7
(0.4)
44.9
(7.2)
55.0
(12.8)
59.5
(15.3)
57.3
(14.1)
47.4
(8.6)
35.1
(1.7)
20.3
(−6.5)
5.9
(−14.5)
31.93
(−0.03)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
−22.5
(−30.3)
−19
(−28)
−6.1
(−21.2)
16.9
(−8.4)
28.6
(−1.9)
41.1
(5.1)
47.1
(8.4)
43.4
(6.3)
30.7
(−0.7)
19.3
(−7.1)
0.3
(−17.6)
−16.6
(−27)
−26
(−32)

Record low °F (°C)
−48
(−44)
−47
(−44)
−34
(−37)
−13
(−25)
14
(−10)
28
(−2)
36
(2)
32
(0)
17
(−8)
−4
(−20)
−27
(−33)
−36
(−38)
−48
(−44)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.70
(17.8)
0.61
(15.5)
1.30
(33)
1.36
(34.5)
2.81
(71.4)
3.90
(99.1)
2.79
(70.9)
2.56
(65)
2.57
(65.3)
2.15
(54.6)
1.00
(25.4)
0.83
(21.1)
22.58
(573.5)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
11.2
(28.4)
7.0
(17.8)
9.1
(23.1)
3.0
(7.6)
trace
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.7
(1.8)
7.9
(20.1)
11.2
(28.4)
50.1
(127.3)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
8.3
7.2
8.3
7.4
11.0
11.7
9.5
9.1
8.7
8.3
7.1
9.2
105.8

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
8.9
6.7
5.3
1.8
0
0
0
0
0
0.8
5.4
9.5
38.4

Average relative humidity (%)
73.1
74.7
76.0
65.6
60.0
66.1
66.9
66.5
69.2
68.8
75.7
76.1
69.9

Mean monthly sunshine hours
140.9
153.9
212.3
241.6
283.2
303.2
350.2
313.2
231.2
178.9
113.1
107.4
2,629.1

Percent possible sunshine
51
53
58
59
61
64
73
71
61
53
40
40
59

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[11][12][13][14]

text:
[show]Climate data for Grand Forks International Airport, North Dakota (1981–2010 normals,[15] extremes 1893–present[16]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
52
(11)
67
(19)
83
(28)
100
(38)
105
(41)
105
(41)
109
(43)
104
(40)
103
(39)
95
(35)
75
(24)
58
(14)
109
(43)

Mean maximum °F (°C)
39.2
(4)
42.0
(5.6)
54.2
(12.3)
78.1
(25.6)
87.2
(30.7)
90.3
(32.4)
92.3
(33.5)
93.5
(34.2)
89.1
(31.7)
76.3
(24.6)
57.4
(14.1)
40.3
(4.6)
96.0
(35.6)

Average high °F (°C)
16.5
(−8.6)
21.9
(−5.6)
34.2
(1.2)
53.9
(12.2)
68.0
(20)
76.1
(24.5)
81.0
(27.2)
80.2
(26.8)
69.6
(20.9)
54.3
(12.4)
35.1
(1.7)
20.3
(−6.5)
51.1
(10.6)

Average low °F (°C)
−3.1
(−19.5)
2.1
(−16.6)
16.1
(−8.8)
30.0
(−1.1)
41.5
(5.3)
52.0
(11.1)
56.3
(13.5)
54.0
(12.2)
44.2
(6.8)
31.9
(−0.1)
17.0
(−8.3)
2.6
(−16.3)
28.9
(−1.7)

Mean minimum °F (°C)
−25.4
(−31.9)
−21.4
(−29.7)
−8.2
(−22.3)
16.2
(−8.8)
27.6
(−2.4)
40.3
(4.6)
46.0
(7.8)
41.3
(5.2)
30.1
(−1.1)
17.3
(−8.2)
−2
(−19)
−18.9
(−28.3)
−29
(−34)

Record low °F (°C)
−43
(−42)
−42
(−41)
−36
(−38)
−9
(−23)
5
(−15)
28
(−2)
30
(−1)
30
(−1)
11
(−12)
−9
(−23)
−35
(−37)
−37
(−38)
−43
(−42)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.55
(14)
0.52
(13.2)
0.96
(24.4)
1.01
(25.7)
2.68
(68.1)
3.48
(88.4)
3.15
(80)
2.88
(73.2)
2.05
(52.1)
1.97
(50)
0.95
(24.1)
0.61
(15.5)
20.81
(528.7)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
10.7
(27.2)
6.6
(16.8)
7.2
(18.3)
2.6
(6.6)
0.1
(0.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
trace
1.5
(3.8)
7.7
(19.6)
10.7
(27.2)
47.1
(119.6)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
8.1
6.6
7.5
7.0
10.6
11.6
10.5
9.1
8.3
8.5
6.9
8.5
103.2

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
10.1
7.1
5.5
1.9
0.2
0
0
0
0
1.3
5.6
9.8
41.5

Source: NOAA[17][18]

text:
[show]Climate data for Williston, North Dakota (Sloulin Int'l), 1981–2010 normals, extremes 1894–present[e]

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
58
(14)
66
(19)
84
(29)
92
(33)
106
(41)
108
(42)
110
(43)
108
(42)
104
(40)
93
(34)
76
(24)
63
(17)
110
(43)

Average high °F (°C)
21.9
(−5.6)
27.5
(−2.5)
40.4
(4.7)
57.0
(13.9)
67.7
(19.8)
76.8
(24.9)
84.4
(29.1)
83.8
(28.8)
71.3
(21.8)
56.3
(13.5)
37.9
(3.3)
24.4
(−4.2)
54.1
(12.3)

Average low °F (°C)
0.1
(−17.7)
6.3
(−14.3)
18.2
(−7.7)
29.7
(−1.3)
40.5
(4.7)
49.7
(9.8)
55.8
(13.2)
53.9
(12.2)
42.1
(5.6)
29.8
(−1.2)
16.4
(−8.7)
3.3
(−15.9)
28.8
(−1.8)

Record low °F (°C)
−42
(−41)
−50
(−46)
−35
(−37)
−15
(−26)
10
(−12)
26
(−3)
34
(1)
32
(0)
13
(−11)
−9
(−23)
−27
(−33)
−50
(−46)
−50
(−46)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.59
(15)
0.39
(9.9)
0.71
(18)
1.00
(25.4)
1.92
(48.8)
2.52
(64)
2.54
(64.5)
1.45
(36.8)
1.06
(26.9)
0.92
(23.4)
0.65
(16.5)
0.62
(15.7)
14.37
(365)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
10.0
(25.4)
5.7
(14.5)
6.2
(15.7)
3.7
(9.4)
1.3
(3.3)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.2
(0.5)
2.6
(6.6)
6.1
(15.5)
9.5
(24.1)
45.3
(115.1)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
7.5
6.0
7.6
7.7
10.0
11.5
9.0
8.2
7.4
6.3
6.7
8.6
96.5

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
8.7
6.4
6.0
2.4
0.8
0
0
0
0.1
1.8
5.9
9.1
41.2

Average relative humidity (%)
76.2
75.6
72.5
61.4
58.5
59.6
56.1
54.9
61.1
65.2
74.9
77.1
66.1

Mean monthly sunshine hours
144.5
169.7
227.3
250.3
297.9
326.0
366.3
331.5
249.5
197.1
122.2
125.5
2,807.8

Percent possible sunshine
53
59
62
61
63
68
76
75
66
59
44
48
63

Source: NOAA (relative humidity 1962–1990, sun 1961–1990)[f][20][21][22]

text: Seasons[edit]

text: Winter in North Dakota is characterized by cold (below freezing) temperatures and snowfall. Snow is the main form of winter precipitation, but freezing rain, ice, sleet, and sometimes even rain are all possible during the winter months. Common storm systems include Alberta clippers or Panhandle hooks, some of which evolve into blizzards. Annual snowfall averages from 26 inches (66 cm) in the central part of the state to 38 inches (96.5 cm) in the northeast and southwest.[23] Temperatures as low as −60 °F (−51 °C) have occurred during North Dakota winters.[4]

text: Spring is a time of major transition in North Dakota. Early spring commonly sees snowstorms, but by late spring as temperatures begin to moderate the state can experience tornado outbreaks, a risk which diminishes but does not cease through the summer and into the fall as North Dakota lies at the northern edge of Tornado Alley. Springtime flooding is a relatively common event in the Red River Valley, due to the river flowing north into Canada. The spring melt and the eventual runoff typically begins earlier in the southern part of the valley than in the northern part.[24] The most destructive flooding in eastern North Dakota occurred in 1997, which caused extensive damage to Grand Forks.[25]

text: Summer sees heat and humidity predominate in the east, while hotter and less humid conditions are generally present in the west. These humid conditions help kick off thunderstorm activity 22–34 days a year. Summer high temperatures in North Dakota average in the mid 80s (30 °C) in the west to the upper 70s (25 °C) in the east, with temperatures as hot as 121 °F (49 °C) possible.[4] The growing season in North Dakota usually begins in April, and harvest begins in September and October. Tornadoes are possible in North Dakota from April through October, but the peak tornado month is July, followed by June and August. The state averages 13 tornadoes per year. Depending on location, average annual precipitation ranges from 14 in (35.6 cm) to 22 in (55.9 cm).[6]

text: Autumn weather in North Dakota is largely the reverse of spring weather. The jet stream, which tends to weaken in summer, begins to re-strengthen, leading to a quicker changing of weather patterns and an increased variability of temperatures. By late October and November these storm systems become strong enough to form major winter storms. Fall and spring are the windiest times of the year in North Dakota.

text: 2017 Drought[edit]

text: As of September 2017, the United States Drought Monitor recorded abnormally dryweather conditions across the entire state.[26] The drought is considered severe and unprecedented, and because of its nature as a "unpredictable, sudden event brought on by sustained high temperatures and little rain", it is considered a “flash drought”.[27] North Dakota Agriculture Commissioner Doug Goehring announced that predicted economic losses as a consequence from the drought could amount to as much as $4 billion or $5 billion.[28][29]


document_title: Liverpool F.C. in European football

question_text: when was the last time liverpool played champions league

text: Liverpool F.C. in European football

text: Background[edit]

text: Club competitions between teams from different European countries can trace their origins as far back as 1897, when the Challenge Cup was created for clubs in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, who did not meet under normal circumstances. The Sir Thomas Lipton Trophy, named after entrepreneur and sportsman Thomas Lipton, was established in 1909 and was contested between clubs from Italy, Great Britain, Germany and Switzerland; the competition lasted for two years.[1] The earliest attempt to create a cup for national champion clubs of Europe was made by Swiss club FC Servette. Founded in 1930, the Coupe des Nations featured clubs of ten major European football leagues and was deemed a success. Due to financial reasons, the competition was abandoned.[2]

text: The first continental competition organised by UEFA was the European Cup in 1955. Conceived by Gabriel Hanot, the editor of L'Équipe, as a competition for winners of the European national football leagues, it is considered the most prestigious European football competition.[3][4] When the European Cup was first played, Liverpool were in the Second Division, following relegation from the First Division after the 1953–54 season, and thus were ineligible for the competition.[5] During their time in the Second Division, two further competitions were created: the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup and UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. Established in 1955, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup was later re-branded as the UEFA Cup when it came under the auspices of UEFA in 1971.[6] Since the 2009–10 season, the competition has been known as the UEFA Europa League.[7] The UEFA Cup Winners' Cup was inaugurated in 1960 for the winners of domestic cup competitions.[6]

text: In 1962 Liverpool were promoted to the First Division. Two years later, they won the Football League championship, thus making their European debut in the 1964–65 European Cup. In the following years, further European competitions were inaugurated. The first, the UEFA Super Cup, was originally a match played between the winners of the European Cup and the Cup Winners' Cup. First established in 1973, it changed formats in 2000; since then, it has been contested between the winners of the Champions League (formerly the European Cup) and the Europa League (formerly the UEFA Cup), following the Cup Winners' Cup amalgamation into the latter.[8] The Intercontinental Cup was a competition for the winners of the European Cup (later, the UEFA Champions League) and the South American equivalent, the Copa Libertadores. Established in 1960, the Intercontinental Cup was jointly organised by UEFA and the Confederación Sudamericana de Fútbol (CONMEBOL). It ran until 2004, when the FIFA Club World Cup, which includes the winners of all six confederations' regional championships replaced it.[9]

text: History[edit]

text: First steps in Europe – the Shankly years (1965–74)[edit]

text: Bill Shankly began managing Liverpool in 1959, and it was under him that the team first competed in European competition in 1964–65, qualifying for the European Cup by winning the First Division championship the previous season.[10] The club's first opponents were Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur of Iceland, who they played in the preliminary round. Liverpool won 11–1 on aggregate. The next round, against Belgian club Anderlecht, was the first time in Liverpool's history that they wore their now common all-red strip. The decision was made to change from red shirts, white shorts and socks by Shankly, who wanted his players to make more of a psychological impact on opponents.[11] They beat Anderlecht and progressed to the semi-finals, where they met Italian team Internazionale. Before the first leg at Anfield, Shankly asked two injured players to parade the FA Cup, which Liverpool had won the previous week, to intimidate the Italians.[12] The team won the match 3–1,[13] but Inter won the second leg 3–0, securing a 4–3 aggregate victory. The second leg was controversial; Shankly described it as "a war".[14] He felt that the referee, Jose Maria Ortiz de Mendibel, had shown bias towards Internazionale,[15] and the Liverpool players felt cheated by his decisions.[14] The club's 1964–65 FA Cup victory ensured qualification for the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup the following season, and in that competition, they reached their first European final. Borussia Dortmund, Liverpool's opponents, employed counter-attacking tactics that had paid dividends in previous rounds and did so again, with the West Germans beating Liverpool 2–1 after extra time.[16]

text: In the next four seasons, they competed in the European Cup and Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, but failed to progress past the third round in either competition.[17] A tie against Dutch team Ajax during the 1966–67 European Cup was to prove pivotal in the history of Liverpool in European competition.[18] Ajax beat Liverpool 7–3 on aggregate. However, the style of football that Ajax played – a patient passing game, inspired by Johann Cruyff – convinced Shankly that Liverpool had to replicate this style to be successful in Europe.[19] Liverpool reached the semi-finals of the 1970–71 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, losing 1–0 on aggregate to Leeds United.[20] They competed in the 1971–72 European Cup Winners' Cup, despite losing the 1971 FA Cup Final, as the FA Cup winners, Arsenal, had also qualified for the European Cup by winning the league championship. Liverpool were eliminated in the second round by Bayern Munich of Germany, losing 3–1 on aggregate.[21]

text: The changes made to Liverpool's tactics came to fruition during the 1972–73 UEFA Cup. The club reached their second European final, where they faced Borussia Mönchengladbach of Germany. Liverpool won the first leg 3–0 as a result of two goals from Kevin Keegan and one from Larry Lloyd. Victory in this first leg meant Liverpool only needed to avoid losing by three or more goals in order to win the final. This influenced their tactics – The Times reported that Liverpool employed a "holding action" against the "attacking Germans".[22] The tactics worked, allowing Mönchengladbach only two goals, granting Liverpool a 3–2 aggregate victory.[23] Liverpool also won the First Division championship that season, and as a result qualified for the 1973–74 European Cup, where they were eliminated in the second round by Red Star Belgrade of Yugoslavia. At the end of that season, Shankly retired.[24]

text: European domination – the Paisley years (1974–83)[edit]

text: Shankly was succeeded by his assistant, Bob Paisley, in 1974.[25] Liverpool competed in the Cup Winners' Cup during Paisley's first season and defeated Strømsgodset of Norway 11–0 at Anfield. This remains the club's largest margin of victory in all matches.[26] They lost in the next round to Hungarian side Ferencváros on the away goals rule. In 1975–76 the club entered the UEFA Cup after a second-place finish in the First Division. Victories over Hibernian (Scotland), Real Sociedad (Spain), Śląsk Wrocław (Poland), Dynamo Dresden (East Germany) and Barcelona (Spain) took Liverpool to their third European final. Crucial to their progress was goalkeeper Ray Clemence, who made two important penalty saves against Hibernian and Dresden, saving Liverpool from elimination on the away goals rule on both occasions.[27] Their opponents in the final were Club Brugge of Belgium. Liverpool recovered from a two-goal deficit to win the first leg at Anfield 3–2, with Ray Kennedy, Jimmy Case, and Keegan scoring a goal each in a span of six minutes. A 1–1 draw at the Jan Breydel Stadion in Bruges meant Liverpool won 4–3 on aggregate, earning their second UEFA Cup.[28]

text: As the 1975–76 league champions, the club entered the 1976–77 European Cup. They defeated Crusaders of Northern Ireland and Trabzonspor of Turkey to reach the quarter-finals, where they faced the runners-up from the previous season, Saint-Étienne. The French team won the first leg 1–0. The second leg at Anfield began well for Liverpool when Keegan scored in the first two minutes. Saint-Étienne equalised to make the score 2–1 on aggregate in their favour. Kennedy scored for Liverpool, but the away goals rule meant they still needed another goal to win the tie. With six minutes remaining, David Fairclough was brought on to replace John Toshack; he immediately scored in front of the Kop, ensuring a 3–2 aggregate victory for Liverpool.[29] In the semi-finals, they defeated FC Zürich of Switzerland 6–1 on aggregate to reach the final, where they met their opponents from the 1973 UEFA Cup Final, Borussia Mönchengladbach. The final was held in Rome, four days after the club had lost the 1977 FA Cup Final to Manchester United. Before the match, Paisley announced that striker Toshack would be fit to start. However, he was not named in the matchday squad. This change upset the Germans' game plan and allowed Keegan to torment his marker, Berti Vogts.[30] Liverpool won 3–1 to become European champions for the first time.[31]

text: By winning the European Cup, they qualified for the European Super Cup and played the winners of the Cup Winners' Cup, German team Hamburg, who had just signed Keegan.[32] Liverpool won the tie 7–1 on aggregate.[33] Liverpool entered the 1977–78 European Cup as champions and received a bye in the first round. They defeated Dynamo Dresden and Portuguese team Benfica in the second round and quarter-finals, respectively. In the semi-final, the club again met Borussia Mönchengladbach, who won the first leg 2–1. Liverpool won the second leg 3–0, progressing to a second successive European Cup final, this time against Club Brugge at Wembley Stadium in London. In the final Kenny Dalglish, who had been signed to replace Keegan, scored the winning goal after receiving the ball from a Graeme Souness pass. The 1–0 victory meant Liverpool became the first British team to retain the European Cup.[34] They faced Anderlecht in the 1978 European Super Cup, but failed to retain the trophy, losing 4–3 on aggregate against the Belgian side.[35] Liverpool were eliminated in the first round of the 1978–79 European Cup by English champions Nottingham Forest. Nottingham Forest won the tie 2–0 on aggregate, and went on to win the competition.[36] Liverpool entered the 1979–80 European Cup as English champions but were again eliminated in the first round, this time beaten 4–2 on aggregate by Dinamo Tbilisi of the Soviet Union.[37]

text: Liverpool participated in the 1980–81 European Cup as English league champions, defeating Finnish champions Oulun Palloseura, Scottish club Aberdeen and CSKA Sofia of Bulgaria to qualify for the semi-finals, where they faced three-time champions Bayern Munich. The first leg at Anfield finished goalless. In the second leg at the Olympiastadion in Munich, Ray Kennedy scored in the 83rd minute and, although the German side equalised, Liverpool went through to the final on the away goals rule.[38] They faced Spanish side Real Madrid in the final, held at the Parc des Princes in Paris. Alan Kennedy scored the only goal to give Liverpool a 1–0 victory, which secured the club's—and Paisley's—third European Cup. As champions of Europe, Liverpool competed in the Intercontinental Cup against South American champions Flamengo of Brazil. Liverpool lost the match 3–0.[39] The club's defence of the European Cup in 1981–82 was ended by CSKA Sofia in the quarter-finals.[40] Another quarter-final exit occurred in the 1982–83 European Cup when Polish club Widzew Łódź eliminated Liverpool 4–3 on aggregate.[41] Paisley retired as manager at the end of the season and was succeeded by his assistant, Joe Fagan.[42]

text: Triumph and tragedy – the Fagan years (1983–85)[edit]

text: Liverpool entered the 1983–84 European Cup as league champions for the fourth time in five seasons. Victories over Odense of Denmark and Spanish champions Athletic Bilbao brought Liverpool to face Portuguese champions Benfica in the quarter-finals.[43] Liverpool won the first leg at Anfield 1–0. In the second leg, their tactic of withdrawing Dalglish into midfield put Benfica's game plan into disarray,[44] leading to a 4–1 match victory and a 5–1 aggregate victory. Their opponents in the semi-finals were Dinamo București of Romania. The tie proved a brutal encounter, characterised by Souness breaking the jaw of the Bucharest captain Lică Movilă, and was won 3–1 on aggregate by Liverpool.[44]

text: Fagan's first season in charge of Liverpool had been a successful one. When they reached their fourth European Cup final, they had already won the Football League Cup and the league championship;[45] victory in the European final against Italian side Roma would complete an unprecedented treble. The final was played at Rome's Stadio Olimpico, and Liverpool went ahead in the 13th minute when Phil Neal scored, though Roma equalised towards the end of the first half. The score remained the same throughout full and extra time; Liverpool won the subsequent penalty shoot-out, with Alan Kennedy scoring the winning penalty after goalkeeper Bruce Grobbelaar had put off Francesco Graziani, causing him to place his penalty over the crossbar.[46] After the game, gangs of Roma fans assaulted Liverpool supporters travelling back to their hotels.[47] Success in the European Cup entitled Liverpool to compete in the 1984 Intercontinental Cup. However, they were unable to beat the winners of the Copa Libertadores, Independiente of Argentina, who claimed a 1–0 victory.[48]

text: Liverpool entered the 1984–85 European Cup as champions, and once again progressed to the final, where their opponents were Juventus of Italy. They aimed to win their fifth European Cup and keep the trophy. The 1985 European Cup Final was held at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels. The choice of venue had been criticised due to the dilapidated state of the stadium, and the club tried to persuade UEFA to change the venue.[49] Before the kick-off, Liverpool fans breached a fence separating the two groups of supporters and charged the Juventus fans. The resulting weight of people caused a retaining wall to collapse, killing 39 people and injuring hundreds more.[50] Despite calls for an abandonment, the match was played, as it was felt that further trouble would be caused otherwise.[51]

text: Juventus won the match 1–0; Michel Platini scored from the penalty spot to give Juventus their first European Cup.[52] UEFA laid the blame for the incident solely on the Liverpool fans: the official UEFA observer stated, "Only the English fans were responsible. Of that there is no doubt".[53] Three days after the final, UEFA banned all English clubs from European competition for an indefinite period. Liverpool were initially given an additional three-year ban.[52] Fagan retired after the 1984–85 season and was succeeded by Dalglish, who took over as player-manager.[54]

text: The ban on English clubs in European competitions ultimately lasted for five years, and even when the ban was lifted in 1990, Liverpool were not re-admitted; they had to serve an extra year. The ban prevented them qualifying for the European Cup in 1986 (as league champions and FA Cup winners), the UEFA Cup in 1987 (as league runners-up), the European Cup in 1988 (as league champions), the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1989 (as FA Cup winners) and the European Cup in 1990 (as league champions).[55]

text: Return to Europe (1991–2004)[edit]

text: Liverpool were allowed to return to European competition in the 1991–92 season, a year later than other English clubs. They qualified for the UEFA Cup as runners-up in the English league. Their manager by this stage was Graeme Souness, who had taken over towards the end of the previous season following Dalglish's resignation.[56]

text: Their first match, in the UEFA Cup, was against Finnish side Kuusyi Lahti, which they won 6–1.[57] A 6–2 aggregate victory set up a tie against Auxerre of France in the second round who they beat 3–2 on aggregate.[58] The club defeated Swarovski Tirol of Austria in the third round 6–0 on aggregate before losing to Genoa (Italy) 4–1 over two legs in the quarter finals.[59]

text: Liverpool's victory over Sunderland in the 1992 FA Cup Final qualified them for the 1992–93 European Cup Winners' Cup, but this campaign was short-lived, as they were eliminated in the second round by Russian side Spartak Moscow.[60] Liverpool finished no higher than sixth in the Premier League during the next two seasons, thus failing to qualify for European competition. In the 1995–96 season, they entered the UEFA Cup, but again progressed no further than the second round, this time losing to Brøndby of Denmark.[61]

text: As runners-up to League champions Manchester United in the 1996 FA Cup Final, Liverpool were able to compete in the 1996–97 UEFA Cup Winners' Cup. This proved the club's most successful campaign since their return to European competition, as they reached the semi-finals, where they were eliminated 3–2 on aggregate by Paris Saint–Germain.[62] In the next two seasons, Liverpool played in the UEFA Cup but were eliminated at an early stage of the competition, by Strasbourg and Celta de Vigo, respectively.[63][64] A seventh-place finish in the 1998–99 FA Premier League meant the club did not qualify for Europe in 1999–2000.[65]

text: Having finished fourth in the 1999–2000 FA Premier League, Liverpool qualified for the 2000–01 UEFA Cup. Their victory in this competition marked a third win for a club. The entire season was the club's most successful since the 1983–84 season, as they won a cup treble consisting of the UEFA Cup, the FA Cup and the League Cup. Their opponents in the final in Dortmund were Alavés of Spain. The match was tied at 4–4 in extra time when Alavés defender Delfí Geli scored an own goal to give Liverpool victory on the golden goal rule.[66] The performance of Gary McAllister, whose free-kick resulted in the winning goal, was praised as "outstanding" by Trevor Brooking.[67] This was the club's first European trophy since their European Cup victory in 1984.[68] As UEFA Cup winners, Liverpool played in the 2001 UEFA Super Cup against Champions League winners Bayern Munich and won 3–2.[69]

text: In the 2001–02 season, Liverpool returned to the European Cup, now called the UEFA Champions League, for the first time since the Heysel disaster. A 2–0 victory over Roma in the second group stage meant they progressed to the quarter-finals.[70] They faced German club Bayer Leverkusen and won the first leg 1–0. The outlook for the second leg appeared to be to Liverpool's advantage, as their counter-attacking style of play had served them well during away matches throughout the season;[71] however, they lost the second leg 4–2 and were eliminated 4–3 on aggregate.[72]

text: A second-place finish in the 2001–02 FA Premier League entitled Liverpool to participate in the Champions League for a second successive season, but they only finished third in their group and were eliminated from the competition.[73] The third-place finish meant they entered the 2002–03 UEFA Cup. Liverpool beat Dutch team Vitesse Arnhem and Auxerre to set up an all-British tie with Scottish team Celtic. A 1–1 draw in the first leg meant Liverpool would progress to the semi-finals if they did not concede a goal in the second leg at Anfield. However, Celtic scored before half-time and again in the second half to win 3–1 on aggregate.[74]

text: Liverpool entered the UEFA Cup for the 2003–04 season, after Chelsea beat them on the final day of the previous league season to claim the fourth place needed to qualify for the Champions League.[75] Liverpool were eliminated in the fourth round by eventual runners-up Marseille of France. At the end of the season, manager Gérard Houllier was replaced by Rafael Benítez.[76]

text: Renewed European success – the Benítez years (2004–10)[edit]

text: Liverpool had finished fourth in the 2003–04 season, which qualified them to compete in the Champions League in the 2004–05 season. A poor start in the group stages, with two losses in their first five games, had the club facing elimination. A 3–1 victory over Greek side Olympiacos, however, eventually ensured their passage to the knock-out rounds. Liverpool beat Bayer Leverkusen and Juventus to reach the semi-finals, and progressed to the final after they beat Chelsea 1–0 on aggregate; the goal scored by Luis García was referred to as a "ghost goal" by Chelsea manager José Mourinho, as it was unclear whether the ball crossed the goal line.[77] Liverpool's performances in Europe contrasted strongly with their league form, where they struggled to finish in the top-four and thus ensure qualification for the next Champions League season.[78]

text: Liverpool faced six-time European champions Milan in the final at the Atatürk Stadium in Istanbul on 25 May 2005. Trailing 3–0 at half-time, they scored three goals in a six-minute spell in the second half to level the score at 3–3. There were no goals during extra time, so the match was decided by a penalty shoot-out. With the shoot-out score at 3–2, Liverpool goalkeeper Jerzy Dudek saved Andriy Shevchenko's penalty to give Liverpool victory.[79] The nature of Liverpool's comeback victory has led to the match being referred to as the "miracle of Istanbul."[80] As this was the club's fifth European Cup victory, Liverpool were allowed to keep the European Champion Clubs' Cup permanently, and a new trophy was commissioned for the following year's competition.[81] The victory also entitled Liverpool to compete in the 2005 UEFA Super Cup at Stade Louis II, Monaco in August. They defeated UEFA Cup winners CSKA Moscow of Russia 3–1(aet.) to win their third Super Cup.[82] Their success in the Champions League meant Liverpool also qualified for the 2005 FIFA Club World Championship, where they lost 1–0 in the final to Brazilian team São Paulo.[83]

text: A fifth-place finish in the Premier League in 2004–05 meant Liverpool were not guaranteed entry into the Champions League, and faced the prospect of not being able to defend their European title. UEFA eventually ruled that they would be allowed to do so, but would be required to start in the first qualifying round, with no country protection, meaning they could face a team from England in the group stages.[84] This turned out to be the case—Liverpool advanced through three qualifying rounds and were drawn with Chelsea in the group stages. They progressed from their group as winners but were beaten by Benfica in the first knock-out round.[85]

text: In the 2006–07 Champions League, Liverpool progressed from the group stages and beat holders Barcelona, PSV and Chelsea to face Milan in a rematch of the 2005 final.[86] The Liverpool team, which contained only five players from the 2005 final, enjoyed more possession than in 2005,[87] but two goals from Filippo Inzaghi gave Milan their seventh European Cup in a 2–1 win.[88]

text: Liverpool were eliminated from the 2007–08 Champions League in the semi-finals by Chelsea, who they had beaten in the semi-finals in 2005 and 2007. A fourth-place finish in the 2007–08 Premier League secured their entry into the 2008–09 Champions League. Liverpool reached the quarter-finals and again faced Chelsea, but lost 7–5 on aggregate.[89]

text: A second-place finish in the 2008–09 Premier League entitled Liverpool to compete in the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League, but their campaign was short-lived; they finished third in their group, and were eliminated from the competition. They entered the 2009–10 UEFA Europa League, progressing to the semi-finals, where they were eliminated by eventual winners Atlético Madrid of Spain on the away goals rule after the tie finished 2–2 on aggregate.[90]

text: Decline and Resurgence (2010–present)[edit]

text: Rafael Benítez left the club at the end of the 2009–10 season and was replaced by Roy Hodgson.[91] A seventh-place finish in the 2009–10 Premier League meant Liverpool would be competing in the 2010–11 Europa League. They beat Rabotnički of Macedonia and Trabzonspor of Turkey to progress to the group stage, where Liverpool were drawn alongside Napoli, FC Utrecht and Steaua București. They won two games and drew four to finish top of their group with ten points and progress to the round of 32.[92] They were drawn against Sparta Prague in the next round. Before the tie was played, however, Hodgson was replaced by former manager Kenny Dalglish, who initially served as a caretaker manager.[93] A 1–0 aggregate victory ensured progression to the round of 16, in which Liverpool lost 1–0 on aggregate to eventual runners-up Braga.[94] A sixth-place finish in the 2010–11 Premier League meant the club failed to qualify for European competition for the first time since 1999.[95] On the following season, victory in the League Cup final ensured Liverpool a place in the 2012–13 Europa League.[96]

text: Liverpool qualified for the knockout phase of the 2012–13 Europa League after winning their group at the group stage, but were eliminated from the competition at the round of 32 by Zenit Saint Petersburg on the away goals rule after a 0–2 loss away and a 3–1 win at home.[97] A seventh-place finish in the 2012–13 Premier League and a failure to secure qualification via domestic cups meant Liverpool failed to qualify for any European competition in the 2013–14 season. A second-placed finish in the 2013–14 Premier League, ensured Liverpool qualified for the group stage of the 2014–15 Champions League.[98] One win out of six in the group stage meant they were eliminated and entered into the knockout phase of the 2014–15 Europa League.[99] The campaign was short-lived, as Liverpool eliminated by Beşiktaş in the round of 32.[100]

text: Finishing sixth in the 2014–15 Premier League qualified Liverpool directly to the group stage of the 2015–16 Europa League, where they faced Sion, Bordeaux and for the first time, Russian side Rubin Kazan.[101] During the group stage, manager Brendan Rodgers was replaced by Jürgen Klopp.[102] After winning the group, Liverpool qualified for the knockout phase, beating FC Augsburg in the round of 32 before facing bitter rivals Manchester United in the round of 16, the two clubs' first meeting in Europe.[103][104] Liverpool defeated them 3–1 on aggregate and victory led to a quarter-final tie with Klopp's former team Borussia Dortmund.[105][106] After a 1–1 draw in the first leg at Signal Iduna Park, Dortmund went 3–1 up in the return leg at Anfield with 33 minutes remaining, requiring Liverpool to score three goals due to the Away goals rule. Goals from Philippe Coutinho, Mamadou Sakho and a last minute winner from Dejan Lovren, however, saw Liverpool complete the comeback and qualify for their first European semi-final since 2010.[107] There they faced Villarreal, completing a second comeback after overturning a 1–0 defeat in the first leg at El Madrigal to qualify for the final with a 3–1 aggregate win.[108][109] Liverpool played Sevilla in the final at St. Jakob-Park, Basel, on 18 May, losing 3–1. A 4th place finish in the 2016–17 Premier League qualified Liverpool for the 2017–18 UEFA Champions League and a return to Europe's premier club tournament for only the second time in 8 years during the 2010's.

text: Records[edit]

text:
Most appearances in European competition: Jamie Carragher, 150[110]
Most goals in European competition: Steven Gerrard, 41[111]
First European match: Liverpool 6–0 Knattspyrnufélag Reykjavíkur, European Cup, first round, 17 August 1964[112]
First goal scored in Europe: Gordon Wallace, against KR Reykjavik[113]
Biggest win: Liverpool 11–0 Strømsgodset, in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, 17 September 1974[112]
Biggest defeat: Liverpool 1–5 Ajax, in the European Cup, 7 December 1966[114]
Highest European home attendance: 55,104, against Barcelona in the 1975–76 UEFA Cup, 14 April 1976[115][116]
Lowest European home attendance: 12,021 against Dundalk in the 1982–83 European Cup[115]

tag: ul

text: By season[edit]

text: Key

text:
P = Played
W = Games won
D = Games drawn
L = Games lost
F = Goals for
A = Goals against
GD = Goal difference
Grp = Group stage

R1 = First round
R2 = Second round
R3 = Third round
R4 = Fourth round
R16 = Round of 16
R32 = Round of 32
QF = Quarter-final
SF = Semi-final

Key to colours:

Gold
Winners

Silver
Runners-up

text:
Liverpool F.C. record in European football by season[117][118][119]

Season
Competition
P
W
D
L
F
A
Round

1964–65
European Cup
9
5
3
1
18
5
R6 !SF

1965–66
European Cup Winners' Cup
9
5
1
3
12
6
Runners-up

1966–67
European Cup
4
1
1
2
6
8
R2

1967–68
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
6
3
0
3
13
5
R3

1968–69
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
1
3
0
1
3
3
R1

1969–70
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
4
3
0
1
17
3
R2

1970–71
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
10
5
4
1
13
4
R6 !SF

1971–72
European Cup Winners' Cup
4
1
1
2
4
5
R2

1972–73
UEFA Cup
12
8
2
2
17
6
Winners

1973–74
European Cup
4
1
1
2
5
5
R2

1974–75
European Cup Winners' Cup
4
2
2
0
12
1
R2

1975–76
UEFA Cup
12
8
3
1
25
8
Winners

1976–77
European Cup
9
7
0
2
22
5
Winners

1977
European Super Cup
2
1
1
0
7
1
Winners

1977–78
European Cup
7
5
0
2
17
7
Winners

1978
European Super Cup
2
1
0
1
3
4
Runners-up

1978–79
European Cup
2
0
1
1
0
2
R1

1979–80
European Cup
2
1
0
1
2
4
R1

1980–81
European Cup
9
6
3
0
24
4
Winners

1981
Intercontinental Cup
1
0
0
1
0
3
Runners-up

1981–82
European Cup
6
4
1
1
14
6
R5 !QF

1982–83
European Cup
6
4
0
2
13
6
R5 !QF

1983–84
European Cup
9
7
2
0
16
3
Winners

1984
European Super Cup
1
0
0
1
0
2
Runners-up

1984
Intercontinental Cup
1
0
0
1
0
1
Runners-up

1984–85
European Cup
9
6
1
2
18
5
Runners-up

1991–92
UEFA Cup
8
4
0
4
16
8
R5 !QF

1992–93
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
4
2
0
2
10
8
R2

1995–96
UEFA Cup
4
1
2
1
2
2
R2

1996–97
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
8
6
1
1
18
9
R6 !SF

1997–98
UEFA Cup
4
1
2
1
4
5
R2

1998–99
UEFA Cup
6
2
2
2
11
5
R3

2000–01
UEFA Cup
13
8
4
1
19
9
Winners

2001
UEFA Super Cup
1
1
0
0
3
2
Winners

2001–02
UEFA Champions League
14
5
7
2
14
11
R5 !QF

2002–03
UEFA Champions League
6
2
2
2
12
8
Grp

2002–03
UEFA Cup
6
4
1
1
6
3
R5 !QF

2003–04
UEFA Cup
8
4
3
1
14
7
R4

2004–05
UEFA Champions League
15
8
3
4
14
11
Winners

2005
UEFA Super Cup
1
1
0
0
3
1
Winners

2005
FIFA Club World Cup
2
1
0
1
3
1
Runners-up

2005–06
UEFA Champions League
14
8
3
3
20
7
R16

2006–07
UEFA Champions League
15
8
4
3
23
12
Runners-up

2007–08
UEFA Champions League
14
8
3
3
34
11
R6 !SF

2008–09
UEFA Champions League
12
7
4
1
22
12
R5 !QF

2009–10
UEFA Champions League
6
2
1
3
5
7
Grp

2009–10
UEFA Europa League
8
5
0
3
14
8
R6 !SF

2010–11
UEFA Europa League
14
7
6
1
16
5
R16

2012–13
UEFA Europa League
12
7
2
3
20
13
R32

2014–15
UEFA Champions League
6
1
2
3
5
9
Grp

2014–15
UEFA Europa League
2
1
0
1
1
1
R32

2015–16
UEFA Europa League
15
6
7
2
19
13
Runners-Up

2017–18
UEFA Champions League
3
2
1
0
8
5

text: By competition[edit]

text:
Liverpool F.C. record in European football by competition[120]

Competition
P
W
D
L
F
A

European Cup/UEFA Champions League
184
102
42
40
330
158

UEFA Cup Winners' Cup
29
16
5
8
57
29

UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League
124
66
34
24
186
94

Inter-Cities Fairs Cup
22
12
4
6
46
15

UEFA Super Cup
7
4
1
2
16
10

Intercontinental Cup
2
0
0
2
0
4

FIFA Club World Cup
2
1
0
1
3
1

Total
370
201
86
83
638
311

text: By country[edit]

text:
Liverpool F.C. record in Continental football by country[121]

Country[a]
Pld
W
D
L
F
A
GD
Win%

 Argentina
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
−1
005000000000000000000♠0.00

 Austria
7000600000000000000♠6
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7001130000000000000♠13
7000300000000000000♠3
+10
07001666700000000000♠66.67

 Belarus
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000400000000000000♠4
5000000000000000000♠0
+4
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Belgium
7001130000000000000♠13
7001100000000000000♠10
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7001220000000000000♠22
7000900000000000000♠9
+13
07001769200000000000♠76.92

 Brazil
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
7000400000000000000♠4
−4
005000000000000000000♠0.00

 Bulgaria
7001100000000000000♠10
7000700000000000000♠7
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
7001200000000000000♠20
7001100000000000000♠10
+10
07001700000000000000♠70.00

 Costa Rica
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
5000000000000000000♠0
+3
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Cyprus
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000800000000000000♠8
7000200000000000000♠2
+6
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Czech Republic
7000400000000000000♠4
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000500000000000000♠5
7000200000000000000♠2
+3
07001750000000000000♠75.00

 Denmark
7000400000000000000♠4
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7000600000000000000♠6
7000100000000000000♠1
+5
07001500000000000000♠50.00

 England
7001200000000000000♠20
7000500000000000000♠5
7000900000000000000♠9
7000600000000000000♠6
7001200000000000000♠20
7001200000000000000♠20
+0
07001250000000000000♠25.00

 Finland
7001120000000000000♠12
7000900000000000000♠9
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7001430000000000000♠43
7000700000000000000♠7
+36
07001750000000000000♠75.00

 France
7001260000000000000♠26
7001150000000000000♠15
7000200000000000000♠2
7000900000000000000♠9
7001380000000000000♠38
7001200000000000000♠20
+18
07001576900000000000♠57.69

 Germany
7001420000000000000♠42
7001210000000000000♠21
7001140000000000000♠14
7000700000000000000♠7
7001760000000000000♠76
7001370000000000000♠37
+39
07001500000000000000♠50.00

 Georgia
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
7000400000000000000♠4
−2
07001500000000000000♠50.00

 Greece
7000800000000000000♠8
7000600000000000000♠6
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
7001180000000000000♠18
7000500000000000000♠5
+13
07001750000000000000♠75.00

 Hungary
7001100000000000000♠10
7000400000000000000♠4
7000400000000000000♠4
7000200000000000000♠2
7000700000000000000♠7
7000400000000000000♠4
+3
07001400000000000000♠40.00

 Iceland
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7001110000000000000♠11
7000100000000000000♠1
+10
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Ireland
7000400000000000000♠4
7000400000000000000♠4
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7001190000000000000♠19
7000100000000000000♠1
+18
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Israel
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
7000200000000000000♠2
+1
07001500000000000000♠50.00

 Italy
7001250000000000000♠25
7000900000000000000♠9
7000700000000000000♠7
7000900000000000000♠9
7001270000000000000♠27
7001280000000000000♠28
−1
07001360000000000000♠36.00

 Lithuania
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000500000000000000♠5
7000100000000000000♠1
+4
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Luxembourg
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
+2
07001500000000000000♠50.00

 Macedonia
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000400000000000000♠4
5000000000000000000♠0
+4
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Netherlands
7001140000000000000♠14
7000800000000000000♠8
7000500000000000000♠5
7000100000000000000♠1
7001220000000000000♠22
7001120000000000000♠12
+10
07001571400000000000♠57.14

 Northern Ireland
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000700000000000000♠7
5000000000000000000♠0
+7
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Norway
7000400000000000000♠4
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7001160000000000000♠16
7000100000000000000♠1
+15
07001750000000000000♠75.00

 Poland
7000600000000000000♠6
7000500000000000000♠5
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
7001130000000000000♠13
7000500000000000000♠5
+8
07001833300000000000♠83.33

 Portugal
7001200000000000000♠20
7000900000000000000♠9
7000500000000000000♠5
7000600000000000000♠6
7001310000000000000♠31
7001190000000000000♠19
+12
07001450000000000000♠45.00

 Romania
7001150000000000000♠15
7001100000000000000♠10
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
7001240000000000000♠24
7000900000000000000♠9
+15
07001666700000000000♠66.67

 Russia
7001110000000000000♠11
7000600000000000000♠6
7000100000000000000♠1
7000400000000000000♠4
7001190000000000000♠19
7001130000000000000♠13
+6
07001545500000000000♠54.55

 Scotland
7001140000000000000♠14
7000700000000000000♠7
7000400000000000000♠4
7000300000000000000♠3
7001180000000000000♠18
7000900000000000000♠9
+9
07001500000000000000♠50.00

 Serbia
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
7000400000000000000♠4
−2
005000000000000000000♠0.00

 Slovakia
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000800000000000000♠8
5000000000000000000♠0
+8
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Slovenia
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
5000000000000000000♠0
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
+3
07001500000000000000♠50.00

 Spain
7001380000000000000♠38
7001150000000000000♠15
7001110000000000000♠11
7001120000000000000♠12
7001460000000000000♠46
7001380000000000000♠38
+8
07001394700000000000♠39.47

 Sweden
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
+3
7002100000000000000♠100.00

  Switzerland
7001130000000000000♠13
7000600000000000000♠6
7000500000000000000♠5
7000200000000000000♠2
7001290000000000000♠29
7001180000000000000♠18
+11
07001461500000000000♠46.15

 Turkey
7001120000000000000♠12
7000600000000000000♠6
7000200000000000000♠2
7000400000000000000♠4
7001220000000000000♠22
7001110000000000000♠11
+11
07001500000000000000♠50.00

 Ukraine
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
7000100000000000000♠1
+2
7002100000000000000♠100.00

 Wales
7000200000000000000♠2
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
7000600000000000000♠6
5000000000000000000♠0
+6
7002100000000000000♠100.00

text: Honours[edit]

text:
Liverpool F.C. honours in European competition

Honour
No.
Years

European Cup/UEFA Champions League
5
1977, 1978, 1981, 1984, 2005

UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League
3
1973, 1976, 2001

UEFA Super Cup
3
1977, 2001, 2005

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The table excludes former nations such as East Germany and the Soviet Union.

tag: ol