document_title: Six Flags New Orleans

question_text: when did six flags new orleans shut down

text: Six Flags New Orleans

text: Functioning amusement park, 2000–05[edit]

text: Original Jazzland (2000–2002)[edit]

text: The park opened under the name Jazzland in 2000. It was operated by Alfa Smartparks (later Odgen Entertainment and now known as Palace Entertainment), but owned by a Spanish company called Parques Reunidos. Rides included Mega Zeph, a wooden roller coaster track built on a steel frame to prevent termite infestation and withstand hurricane-force winds. Mega Zeph was inspired by the old Zephyr roller coaster at the closed Pontchartrain Beach Amusement Park that was located next to Lake Pontchartrain by the University of New Orleans. The intent was to rebuild the Zephyr, but it was a smaller roller coaster, so that idea was scrapped in favor of the current larger Mega Zeph. Other rides included a junior steel coaster called Rex's Rail Runner, a wild mouse steel coaster and a common steel shuttle looping Vekoma boomerang rollercoaster called a Zydeco Scream (there are well over a dozen of these identical coasters in parks in the US). The park had a log flume called Cypress Plunge and a splashwater falls ride called Spillway Splashout. In addition, the park had common amusement park spinning rides and a carousel merry-go-round. The park was not profitable, as Alpha Smart Parks specialized in running water parks and smaller amusement arcade centers. In 2001, the lease was put up for sale, and in March 2002 Six Flags purchased the lease, although the park's name did not change that year.

text: Six Flags New Orleans (2003–2005)[edit]

text: In early 2003, Six Flags upgraded the park and renamed it "Six Flags New Orleans." Six Flags added more shaded areas and many new flat spinning rides. The park was renamed Six Flags, and the "it's playtime!" theme was adopted that included a dancing old man, Mr. Six. They added a Bolliger & Mabillard inverted coaster named Batman: The Ride (a mirrored version of the B&M Batman: The Ride coaster model) relocated from the defunct Thrill Valley in Japan, and a Vekoma multiple looping coaster called The Jester relocated from Six Flags Fiesta Texas. A water park that would be included in the admission (like Six Flags Parks such as Six Flags St. Louis and Six Flags America, for example) was in the planning stages in early 2005 and was going to be announced at the end of August. However, Hurricane Katrina struck New Orleans, which put those plans and the continued operations of the park in question. The last day the park operated was August 21, 2005. Weekday operations had ended a couple weeks earlier, as schools start early in August in the New Orleans area and end in mid-May. The park was scheduled to reopen on August 27 and August 28, but once Katrina was forecast late on Friday, August 26 to directly hit New Orleans, the weekend opening was canceled in order to prepare for the storm and begin evacuations.

text: Themed areas[edit]

text:
Main Street Square (Formerly Jazz Plaza)
Cajun Country
Pontchartrain Beach
DC Comics Super Hero Adventures
Looney Tunes Adventures (Formerly Kids' Carnival)
Mardi Gras
Good Time Gardens

text: Standing but not operating rides and attractions[edit]

text: Main Street Square[edit]

text: Zydeco Zinger (Fabbri Wave Swinger)

text: Cajun Country[edit]

text:
Muskrat Scrambler (L&T Systems Wild Mouse)
Lafitte's Pirate Ship (Fabbri Pirate Ship)
Ozarka Splash (Hopkins Rides log flume formerly known as Cypress Plunge)
Gator Bait (Huss Airboat)
SpongeBob SquarePants The Ride (SimEx-Iwerks motion simulator)

text: DC Comics Super Hero Adventures[edit]

text:
Catwoman's Whip (Mondial Shake)
Joker's Jukebox (Wieland Schwarzkopf Polyp)
Lex Luthor's Invertatron (Zamperla Windshear)

text: Pontchartrain Beach[edit]

text:
Beach Bang-Up (Reverchon Bumper Cars)
The Big Easy (Vekoma Ferris Wheel)
Zydeco Scream (Vekoma Boomerang)
Dizzy Lizzy  (Fabbri Boomerang)

text: Mardi Gras[edit]

text:
The Jester (Vekoma Hurricane)
Mega Zeph (Custom Coasters International Double Out and Back wooden hybrid)
Krazy Krewe (Fabbri Cataclysm)
Mad Rex (Chance Morgan Wipeout)
Jocco's Mardi Gras Madness (Sally Corporation interactive dark ride)
Spillway Splashout (Hopkins Rides Shoot the Chutes)
Skycoaster (Skycoaster Inc. Reverse freefall swing)
Mardi Gras Menagerie (Chance Morgan Carousel)

text: Looney Tunes Adventures[edit]

text:
Pepe Le Pew & The Swings de Paris (children's swing ride formerly known as Zinger Swinger)
Daffy Duck and the Backlot Tour Bus (Zamperla Crazy Bus formerly known as Jolly Jitney)
Tazmanian Devil Rumble in the Jungle (Formerly known as Cajun Crawler)
Yosemite Sam and the Wild West Wheel (Zamperla Ferris Wheel formerly known as Little Easy)
Tweety's Tweehouse (Zamperla Jumpin' Star formerly known as Frog Hopper)
Technocolor Tweety Balloons (Zamperla Samba Tower)
Bugs Bunny Barnstormers (airplane ride formerly known as Beadville Airport)

text: Former rides[edit]

text: Cajun Country[edit]

text: Pirates 4-D - The theater ended this film in 2003 in favor of SpongeBob SquarePants: The Ride.[4][5]

text: DC Comics Super Hero Adventures[edit]

text: Batman: The Ride (Bolliger & Mabillard steel inverted) - Dismantled in 2007 and relocated to Six Flags Fiesta Texas, refurbished, and renamed as Goliath. It was reopened on April 18, 2008.

text: Pontchartrain Beach[edit]

text: Pontchartrain Flyers (Chance-Morgan Aviator) - Removed for spare parts.

text: Looney Tunes Adventures[edit]

text: Road Runner Express (Vekoma Junior Coaster 207M formerly known as Rex's Rail Runner) - Removed by Six Flags in 2009 and was moved to Six Flags Magic Mountain in California and refurbished there. The ride is still called Road Runner Express and it reopened on May 28, 2011.

text: Mardi Gras[edit]

text:
Bayou Blaster and Sonic Slam (S&S Worldwide Space Shot and Turbo Drop) - Bayou Blaster started at the bottom and shot riders to the top, while the Sonic Slam lifted riders to the top slowly, then dropped riders free-fall style to the bottom. The ride was removed in 2008 and taken to Great Escape in Lake George, New York, where it was refurbished and installed as Sasquatch. The ride reopened on May 10, 2009.
King Chaos (Chance Morgan Chaos) - Removed earlier in 2005 and seen in the boneyard.
Voodoo Volcano (Chance Morgan Inverter) - Removed earlier in 2005 and seen in the boneyard.

text: After Hurricane Katrina[edit]

text: The park grounds are located on a low-lying section of Eastern New Orleans, with a 6-foot (1.8 m) earthen flood berm running along the perimeter, creating an artificial basin. As such, this area was heavily flooded in 2005 in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina. After the park's drainage pumps failed during the storm, the berm retained the combination of rainwater and sea water overflow from Lake Pontchartrain caused by Katrina's massive storm surge, submerging the entire park grounds in corrosive, brackish floodwater to a depth of 4 to 7 feet (1.2 to 2.1 m) for over a month. Due to the extensive water and wind damage received, the park was closed indefinitely without plans to reopen.

text: Initial damage reports by Six Flags inspectors stated that the park buildings were 80% demolished, all of the flat rides (except for one which was being serviced off-site at the time of the storm) were effectively destroyed by long term salt-water immersion and both the wooden track and steel superstructure of the Mega Zeph were likely damaged beyond repair. The only large ride to escape relatively unscathed was the Batman: The Ride roller-coaster, due to its elevated station platform and corrosion-resistant support structure.

text: On July 1, 2006, having announced that the park would be closed "at least" through 2007, Six Flags announced that it had concluded its damage assessments and declared the park to be an "effective total loss"—with no desire or intent by the company to undertake the prohibitive cost of rebuilding—and was in negotiations with the City of New Orleans to make an early exit from the 75-year lease which Six Flags entered into on the property in 2002.[6] However, then-Mayor Ray Nagin said he planned to hold Six Flags to the lease agreement and force them to rebuild. If held to the terms of the lease agreement, Six Flags would have been legally obligated to rebuild the park on the same site, but only to the extent of the insurance money Six Flags received. Six Flags determined the value of assets destroyed by the storm at $32.5 million. As of September 2006, Six Flags had collected $11.5 million of insurance proceeds, bringing the insurance receivable balance to $24.4 million.[7] In January 2007, Six Flags officials revealed to the New Orleans Times-Picayune that the company was suing its insurers for the remaining $17.5 million in coverage.

text: The park had been one of the least profitable parks in the Six Flags portfolio, being well away from the French Quarter and other tourist attractions. It has been stated that the park would most likely have been more profitable had it been built somewhere on the West Bank or in Metairie, as these places are a shorter distance from tourist districts. These potential locations would have placed the park much closer to affluent population centers where a strong local base of repeat customers could be cultivated, as opposed to poverty- and crime-afflicted New Orleans East where few residents could afford or were interested in expensive season passes to the theme park.[8]

text: On December 15, 2006, Six Flags confirmed that it was removing Batman: The Ride for refurbishment and relocation to a new park, as it was considered to be the only salvageable ride.[9] Batman: The Ride was reassembled at Six Flags Fiesta Texas in San Antonio and opened under the new name Goliath on April 18, 2008.[10] In addition to Batman: The Ride, Six Flags removed shade coverings, ride parts, lights, security cameras, planting structures and various other salvageable items.

text: Besides Batman: The Ride, other rides were later removed from the park. Bayou Blaster and Sonic Slam were removed in 2008 and taken to Great Escape in Queensbury, New York, where the ride was refurbished and reopened under the name Sasquatch on May 10, 2009. The Road Runner Express was removed in 2009 and taken to Six Flags Magic Mountain in Valencia, California, where it was refurbished and reopened on May 28, 2011 under the same name.

text: As late as the fall of 2009, the Six Flags website said the company was "still in the process of settling claims with its insurers due to substantial damage caused by Hurricane Katrina," adding that the park would remain closed. The statement ended with "We know that it is still a difficult time for the residents of New Orleans and we remain committed to working with the city in support of the recovery efforts."[11]

text: Redevelopment proposals[edit]

text: Southern Star Amusement (2008–11)[edit]

text: In April 2008, Southern Star Amusement Inc. proposed to take over the site lease from the then-owner Six Flags, promising to expand the park to over 60 rides (more than double its pre-Katrina size), complete a water park that Six Flags had been planning, and add an RV park.[12] Southern Star Amusement Inc. pledged to open the park as Legend City Adventure Park, with 60 rides in place, including a new water park by the summer of 2009 if the city approved the lease takeover, with the campground to follow. One issue concerning rebuilding was Six Flags' continued removal of infrastructure from the park. In a quarterly conference call Six Flags discussed plans to remove the S&S Towers by 2009 with more ride removals to follow. Items from existing Jazzland rides, such as Mega Zeph's trains and Spillway Splashout's boats, were sent to other parks. On September 27, 2008, Southern Star stated on its website that it would no longer be trying to revive Six Flags New Orleans.

text: In February 2009, Southern Star was taking another look at the park and considering a takeover bid with the City of New Orleans. Southern Star planned a scaled down effort, with intentions only to reopen the park with a water park added within the existing midway area. The idea was to reopen and build incrementally, saving about $50 million in improvements for the next few years. Given the poor economic situation at the time, this plan seemed to be the only way that the park could be saved. The basic idea was to use investors and Go Zone Bonds to raise the $35 to $40 million needed to just reopen the park with basic improvements that are needed to make a real recovery and profit. Southern Star's CEO Danny R. Rogers asked that Six Flags stop all removal action of equipment from the park, as the equipment in question belongs to the City of New Orleans and not Six Flags. The return of other equipment taken from the park by Six Flags was also requested.

text: On August 18, 2009, it was announced that the land would be redeveloped into a Nickelodeon-branded theme/water park.[13]

text: On September 18, 2009, the city of New Orleans fined Six Flags $3 million and ordered the park to vacate its lease.[14]  (On June 13, 2009, the Six Flags had filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection.)

text: As of early 2010, the site was overgrown with debris and weeds. Removal of the debris and underbrush had begun.[15]

text: As of April 11, 2010, the site was still shut down with no clear future, since the city of New Orleans owned the property by this time and the plans for the Nickelodeon-branded theme park fell through three months after bonds failed to come through.[16]

text: On January 21, 2011, Southern Star went public with its third redevelopment plans for the park, posting a link on their company website. On January 26, 2011, Southern Star posted a Letter of Intent for the park on its website.[citation needed] The redevelopment plans gave a brief history of the property, pre and post-Katrina condition photos, development concept photos, written descriptions of each phase of the redevelopment procedure and business projections for when it opens. During "Phase I", Southern Star planned to restore what is left of the park, and expand it by adding more rides and reverting the park back to its original Louisiana theme. The park would be revamped to reflect Louisiana's history and heritage, with one of the proposed sections paying tribute to the now defunct Pontchartrain Beach, which closed in 1983. "Phase II" entailed adding a water park and future expansion phases included adding a youth sports complex, an on-site hotel/resort and a movie studio/backlot that would cater to the needs of various production companies filming in the New Orleans area. Plans also included developing an entertainment and shopping district within the park. These plans entailed utilizing all 224 acres (91 ha) of the site of which only 100 acres (40 ha) were to be developed and occupied by the remains of the Six Flags New Orleans park. The Letter of Intent from Southern Star set out a lease agreement between the city and the company stating Southern Star's proposed terms of the lease and its intent for utilizing and restoring the area. The company would enter a 75-year lease and take on the property in its current condition. Southern Star planned to take possession of the property prior to the establishment of the lease in order to provide preliminary security and repair/cleanup services. The lease would not have taken effect until Southern Star had taken possession of the property, started the cleanup process and provided proof of funding to the city. After that, the city had 15 days to execute its end of the agreement. Any and all improvements made would belong to the company and the lease would end in the year 2018. The plans never came to fruition, however.

text: Jazzland Outlet Mall (2011–14)[edit]

text: In August 2011, the city of New Orleans called for proposals for redevelopment ideas for the site. Eight entrepreneurs stepped forward to suggest turning the property into a power plant, a theme park, or even an outlet mall. On November 29, 2011, the city of New Orleans chose two of the proposed projects: an outlet mall and a green theme park.[17] On February 6, 2012, it was reported that the selection committee rejected the plan for the site of Six Flags New Orleans to become a theme park, leaving the upscale outlet mall as the only proposal being considered by the committee.[18]  Despite the committee's actions, one of the original eight entrepreneurs continued to try to get public support for their Jazzland Park proposal, which includes the addition of a water park and movie studio back lot.[19]

text: On March 6, 2012, the city of New Orleans gave the green light to build Jazzland Outlet Mall to Provident Reality Advisors and DAG Development. The proposal was for a 400,000 square feet (37,000 m2) upscale outlet mall and entertainment boardwalk on the former theme park site, costing $40 million for part of Phase One and using some of the existing rides from the theme park. Construction would have taken between three and four years to build. During the planned period of due diligence and pre-construction, in March 2013 the development plans were abruptly called off.[20][21] The developer cited competition from the planned expansion of Riverwalk Marketplace to include an outlet mall, making the Jazzland Outlet Mall concept unviable.[22] However, as of the summer of 2013, Provident Reality Advisors and DAG Development has been back at the negotiating table with the city to come up with a new idea for the park; they will have to present a development plan to the Industrial Development Board (IDB) in October 2013, according to a contract.[23] Once presented IDB will then accept or reject the proposal. The contract also states that construction of an outlet mall is to proceed, but it does not explicitly prohibit giving the developers an opportunity to put something else there.[23]

text: Use as film shoot location (2011–present)[edit]

text: In 2011, Killer Joe was filmed in the park featuring the wooden coaster Mega Zeph. Stolen was also filmed at the park that year. Stolen used the Main Street Square section to double as the Quarter. Additionally, a burning car was driven into the lagoon and the Orpheum Theatre was used as the home of the film's villain.[24]

text: The Industrial Development Board (IDB) agreed to let 20th Century Fox film the 2013 film Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters in the theme park during the summer of 2012 through August.[25] Mega Zeph, Ozarka Splash and The Big Easy are three rides that have been shot for the film along with five other rides that the production crew had brought into the park, since all the original rides were rendered inoperable to shoot for the film. Before shooting at the park for five weeks, the production crew took two weeks to restore the derelict park into the needed condition by installing lighting and covering up graffiti on the buildings. The park portrays the fictional Circeland on the island of Polyphemus that was built by the goddess Circe, only to be destroyed by the cyclops Polyphemus.[26]

text: During the summer of 2013, portions of the park were being filmed for the movie Dawn of the Planet of the Apes until mid-August. The park was also used to film portions of the movie Jurassic World in June 2014.[27]

text: Jurassic World used the parking lot as the location for the Jurassic World park.[23] Deepwater Horizon built its oil rig set in the parking lot.[28][29][30][31][32][33]

text: Deepwater Horizon was the last film to use the parking lot. No movie studio has signed up to use the park for filming since August 2015.

text: In 2016, the video game Mafia III, is set in a fictional version of New Orleans. The abandoned amusement park in that game features a partially flooded site, a similar entrance way, and a roller-coaster which strongly resembles the Mega Zeph.

text: Dreamlanding Festival Park (2016-18)[edit]

text:
In 2016, a group that included the former head of Southern Star, came together to form "Dreamlanding Festival Park" in order to buy and rebuild this park, pending city council/Mayoral approval. According to their website, they are ready to spend over 100 million dollars to re-open the
park and have plans to open in 2019. The website also states they have more coasters ready for 2020. Included in this plan is a waterpark, which is set to open in spring of 2019, and that construction of the entire park will begin as early as the summer of 2018. A festival park and an R.V. site is also in their plans. They are currently waiting on the city's approval to purchase the park. [34]

text: In 2018, on the Dreamlanding Festival Park website, the following statement was released. "It is very hard to walk away from all the time and efforts we have put into New Orleans but in truth the old Jazzland /Six Flags park has now reached a point of no return. On our last inspection and after further review we find that the Rides that were savable as well as the majority of building are no longer economically viable to salvage." As of July 2018, no further news has emerged.

text: Jazzland Paidia Company (2011–present)[edit]

text: In 2011, eight groups, including the Paidia Company, responded to an RFP issued by the Mayor's office.  Paidia proposed to re-open the park as Jazzland, the park's name until 2002.[35] The company was not selected during the first RFP. A second RFP was issued in January 2014. Jazzland submitted the only proposal.[36] The plans include newly designed themes for the park, a new Baritone Beach water park, Sportsman's Paradise Resort Hotel and a mixed-use retail/dining/entertainment area. A few rides would be rebuilt, but most would be new. A "Sportsman's Paradise" section would include the existing Jester coaster, the "Beach" would include Megazeph. Ozarka Splash would be rebuilt as a "sugar flume", using the state's sugar cane industry for its theme.  In February 2017, the company submitted a purchase offer for the property.[37]  In May 2017, the IDB voted to turn over decision making power to the Mayor's office.  In June 2018 the IDB renewed the cooperative agreement with the new Mayor, keeping the decision power with the mayor's office.  Jazzland maintains its interest in purchasing the property.


document_title: Bad Moms

question_text: who plays the soccer coach in bad moms

question_tokens: who plays the soccer coach in bad moms

root

text: Bad Moms

text: Plot[edit]

text: Amy Mitchell (Mila Kunis) is a married woman in the Chicago suburbs with two children, Jane (Oona Laurence) and Dylan (Emjay Anthony), who feels overworked and overcommitted. She works as a sales rep for a "hip" coffee company, prepares healthful, hand-packed lunches for her children, does most of their homework, goes to all of their extracurricular activities, and is active in her school's PTA, run by the domineering Gwendolyn James (Christina Applegate) and her cronies, Stacy (Jada Pinkett Smith) and Vicky (Annie Mumolo). When she catches her husband Mike (David Walton) cheating on her with a camgirl, Amy kicks him out and attempts to keep everything together.

tag: p

text: After a particularly stressful day, Amy publicly quits the PTA in response to Gwendolyn's overzealous bake sale plans. At a nearby bar, Amy meets Carla (Kathryn Hahn), a laid-back, sexually active single mom, and Kiki (Kristen Bell), a stay-at-home mom of four who adores Amy's dissent from Gwendolyn. Amy and Carla are irritated to discover that Kiki's husband is domineering and expects her to take care of all the kids and the house with no assistance whatsoever, while Amy and Kiki are disturbed at Carla's very hands-off approach to parenting. The trio embark on an all-night bender that inspires Amy to loosen up with her kids: she takes them for rides in Mike's classic car, gets them lunch from Arby's, forces Dylan to fend for himself to prevent him from being lazy and entitled, and takes the overachieving and constantly stressed Jane for a spa day. Amy herself decides to start dating but finds herself inexperienced due to her early marriage and motherhood. She ultimately ends up striking a connection with Jessie (Jay Hernandez), a handsome widower at the school who's had a crush on her.

text: After Amy brings store-bought donut holes to the bake sale, she draws the ire of Gwendolyn, who uses her PTA authority to get Jane benched from the soccer team. Amy is angered, and decides to run for PTA president in opposition to Gwendolyn. A meet-and-greet at Amy's home draws only one visitor, who informs them that Gwendolyn has launched a rival party at her own house, catered by Martha Stewart. In spite of this, the other moms, and Martha, swiftly abandon Gwendolyn's party when it becomes clear that she intends to lecture them all evening, leading to a successful party at Amy's house.

text: Gwendolyn responds by putting drugs in Jane's locker, which gets her kicked out of all extracurricular activities. Jane and Dylan both go to stay with Mike (who has agreed to an amicable divorce) in response to what they see as Amy's failure as a mom. Amy loses her job because her boss refuses to understand her reasons for taking time off.

text: A despondent Amy stays home during the PTA election but is roused into action by Carla and Kiki, who finally stands up to her husband and orders him to deal with everything alone until the meeting is over. At the event, Amy gives an inspiring speech about how all the moms are overworked and that they need to take time off, do fewer and less stressful events, and most importantly, allow themselves to make mistakes. Amy wins by a landslide and eventually winds up comforting a devastated Gwendolyn, who reveals that her life is not perfect like she claims it is and that being in charge of the PTA was her only way to take her anger out on the problems she is facing.

text: Some weeks later, Amy's approach has led to positive changes: Jane has been reinstated to the soccer team and is stressing out less, Dylan is actually applying himself, Kiki makes her husband help out with taking care of their kids, Carla is more responsible and hands-on, and all of the other moms, including Stacy and Vicky, are feeling more energized. Amy herself has gotten her job back with much better compensation after her boss sees how much he had taken her for granted, and she continues to see Jessie. Gwendolyn invites Amy, Carla, and Kiki for a day of fun on her husband's private jet.

text: The ending credits play over the cast interviewing their real-life moms.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Mila Kunis as Amy Mitchell
Kathryn Hahn as Carla Dunkler
Kristen Bell as Kiki
Christina Applegate as Gwendolyn James
Jada Pinkett Smith as Stacy
Annie Mumolo as Vicky
Jay Hernandez as Jessie Harkness
Oona Laurence as Jane Mitchell
Emjay Anthony as Dylan Mitchell
David Walton as Mike Mitchell
Clark Duke as Dale Kipler
Wanda Sykes as Dr. Elizabeth Karl
Wendell Pierce as Principal Daryl Burr
J.J. Watt as Coach Craig
Megan Ferguson as Tessa
Lyle Brocato as Kent
Cade Cooksey as Jaxon
Martha Stewart as herself

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: On April 30, 2015, it was announced that Jon Lucas and Scott Moore were set to direct an untitled female-led comedy, based on their own original script.[5] Bill Block of Block Entertainment and Raj Brinder Singh of Merced Media Partners would produce the film, along with Judd Apatow and Josh Church through Apatow Productions, while Merced Media financing the film.[5] Leslie Mann was set to star in the lead role.[5] This was Bill Block's first film produced through Block Entertainment after leaving QED International.[5] Paramount Pictures acquired the film's distribution rights on May 8, 2015.[6] The film was sold to different international distributors at the 2015 Cannes Film Festival.[7] On June 1, 2015, Mann and Apatow exited the film because of scheduling conflicts.[8] On October 26, 2015, it was reported that Paramount had left the project, with STX Entertainment coming on board to handle the American distribution.[9] Mila Kunis, Christina Applegate, and Kristen Bell joined the film, starring in its lead roles, while Suzanne Todd produced the film along with Block.[9] On January 11, 2016, Jada Pinkett Smith and Kathryn Hahn joined the film, with Smith playing Applegate's blunt best friend, and Hahn also playing a mother.[10] It was later revealed that Oona Laurence had also joined the cast.[11]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began on January 11, 2016 in New Orleans[10][12] and concluded on March 1, 2016.[13]

text: Release[edit]

text: In May 2015, Paramount set the film a release date for April 15, 2016,[6] but later, in July 2015, the studio moved the film out to a new unspecified release date.[14] STX Entertainment later bought the distribution rights to the film and scheduled for August 19, 2016, before eventually releasing it on July 29, 2016, swapping release dates with The Space Between Us.[15]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Bad Moms was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 1, 2016 by Universal Studios Home Entertainment.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Bad Moms grossed $113.2 million in the United States and Canada and $70.7 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $183.9 million, against a budget of $20 million.[3]

text: Bad Moms was released in the United States and Canada on July 29, 2016, alongside Jason Bourne and Nerve, and was projected to gross around $25 million in its opening weekend, from 3,215 theaters.[16] It grossed $2.1 million from Thursday night previews. In its opening weekend, the film grossed $23.8 million, finishing 3rd at the box office.[17] On September 3, the film crossed $100 million domestically, becoming STX Entertainment's first film to do so.[18] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $50.8 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues.[19]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Bad Moms received mixed to positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 58% based on 141 reviews with an average rating of 5.6/10, although it received a "Fresh" rating among the site's top critics, who approved it by 68% based on 34 reviews with an average rating of 6.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Bad Moms boasts a terrific cast and a welcome twist on domestic comedy -- and they're often enough to compensate for the movie's unfortunate inability to take full advantage of its assets."[20] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 60 out of 100 based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[21] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[22]

text: IGN gave the film 7/10, saying, "[t]he uneven Bad Moms is an entry in the slobs versus snobs genre that never quite realizes its full comedic potential."[23] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly gave it an A-, writing: "beneath all of its hard-R partying, rebellious debauchery, and profanity, it taps into something very real and insidious in the zeitgeist. It's one of the funniest movies of the year-and one of the most necessary."[24] Peter Travers and Kyle Smith both gave 2½ stars out of 4, with Travers saying: "the movie cops out by going soft in the end, but it's still hardcore hilarity for stressed moms looking for a girls night out",[25] and Smith saying: "Bad Moms is like Sex and the City: The Sneakers-and-Minivan Years, a good-natured girl-power comedy that balances a bland sitcom structure with some weird and hilarious moments."[26]

text: The A.V. Club's Jesse Hassenger opined that Bad Moms "sells its characters’ struggle short by shuffling their kids off screen whenever it's convenient, and not even in the name of comical neglect; there always seems to be time and money to get a sitter. [...] [This] at times turns the movie into a referendum on unhelpful husbands of well-off moms, rather than the absurdities of Perfect Mom culture."[27] Lindsey Bahr of the Associated Press wrote, "Bad Moms had so many opportunities to be great, edgy and insightful, but instead settles for the most milquetoast commentary possible on modern motherhood."[28]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref.

People's Choice Awards
January 18, 2017
Favorite Comedy Movie
Bad Moms
Won
[29]

Favorite Comedic Movie Actress
Kristen Bell
Nominated

tag: table

text: Sequel and spin-off[edit]

text: A Bad Mom's Christmas (2017)[edit]

text: Directors of the first film, Lucas and Moore, have stated that they may get involved with the previously announced spin-off, but that their current focus is to make a sequel to Bad Moms.[30] On December 23, 2016, it was announced that A Bad Moms Christmas would be released on November 1, 2017, and that it would be holiday themed, with Bell, Hahn, and Kunis all returning to reprise their roles.[31][32] On May 2, 2017, Susan Sarandon, Christine Baranski, Cheryl Hines, and Peter Gallagher joined the cast of the film.

text: Bad Dads[edit]

text: In October 2016, STX Entertainment announced a spin-off film titled Bad Dads and set a release date for July 14, 2017.[33][34] However, by July 2017, the film seems to have been delayed with a new release date not set.[35]

text: Television series[edit]

text: In February 2018, it was reported that FOX network is developing an unscripted reality TV series which would take the films' premise of imperfect parents and shift the focus to real-life moms. The series will be produced by STXtelevision.[36]


document_title: Tree of Life (Disney)

question_text: what is the tree of life from disney

question_tokens: what is the tree of life from disney

text: Tree of Life (Disney)

text:
Tree of Life

Disney's Animal Kingdom

Area
Discovery Island

Opening date
April 22, 1998

General statistics

Designer
Walt Disney Imagineering

Height
145 ft (44.2 m)

Base width
50 ft (15.2 m)

 Wheelchair accessible

text: The Tree of Life is a 145-foot (44 m) sculpture of a tree at Disney's Animal Kingdom, Walt Disney World Resort. It debuted when the attraction opened on April 22, 1998.[1] Inspired by the mythical tree of the same name, the Tree of Life features 325 carvings of existing and extinct animal species on its trunk and surrounding roots.

text: Engineered from a refitted oil platform and based on the natural forms of baobob trees, the Tree of Life is located on Discovery Island, roughly in the center of the park. Its leaves are made out of kynar.[2] At the structure's interior base is a 400-seat theater that hosts It's Tough to be a Bug!, a 4-D film attraction based on A Bug's Life.[1][3]

text: Tree of Life Awakenings[edit]

text: The Tree of Life Awakenings is a series of projection mapping shows that debuted on May 27, 2016, as part of the park's new nighttime operating hours.[4] A media preview of the show was presented on April 19, 2016.[5] Four presentations are featured throughout the evening:

text:
A playful deer and a watchful hawk.
A hummingbird and flowers.
A red fox in a winter setting.
Animal imagery inspired by Pocahontas, Bambi, Dinosaur, Tarzan, Finding Nemo, Avatar, The Jungle Book, and The Lion King.


document_title: Charlotte's Web (2006 film)

question_text: who played the mom in charlotte's web

question_tokens: who played the mom in charlotte 's web

text: Charlotte's Web (2006 film)

text: Plot

text: This article needs an improved plot summary. (April 2017)

text: One spring, on a farm in Somerset County, Maine, Fern Arable (Dakota Fanning) finds her father about to kill the runt of a litter of newborn pigs. She successfully begs him to spare its life. He gives it to her, who names him Wilbur and raises him as her pet. To her regret, when he grows into an adult pig, she is forced to take him to the Zuckerman farm, where he is to be prepared as dinner in due time.

text: Charlotte A. Cavatica (Julia Roberts), a spider, lives in the space above Wilbur's sty in the Zuckermans' barn; she befriends him and decides to help prevent him from being eaten. With the help of the other barn animals, including a comedic rat named Templeton (Steve Buscemi), she convinces the Zuckerman family that Wilbur is actually quite special, by spelling out descriptions of him in her web: "Some pig", "Terrific", "Radiant", and "Humble". She gives her full name, revealing her as a barn spider, an orb-weaver spider with the scientific name Araneus cavaticus.

text: The Arables, Zuckermans, Wilbur, Charlotte, and Templeton go to a fair, where Wilbur is entered in a contest. While there, Charlotte produces an egg sac. She cannot return home because she is dying. Wilbur and Templeton bid emotional goodbyes to her but manage to take her egg sac home, where hundreds of offspring emerge. Most of the young spiders soon leave, but three, named Joy, Aranea, and Nellie, stay and become Wilbur's friends.

text: Cast

text: Live-action actors

text:
Dakota Fanning as Fern Arable
Kevin Anderson as Mr. John Arable
Beau Bridges as Dr. Dorian
Louis Corbett as Avery Arable
Essie Davis as Mrs. Phyllis Arable
Siobhan Fallon Hogan as Edith Zuckerman
Gary Basaraba as Homer Zuckerman
Nate Mooney as Lurvy The Zuckermans' Farmhand Worker

text: Voice actors

text:
Dominic Scott Kay as Wilbur The Spring Pig
Julia Roberts as Charlotte A. Cavatica The Spider
Steve Buscemi as Templeton The Rat
John Cleese as Samuel The Sheep
Oprah Winfrey as Gussy The Female Goose
Cedric the Entertainer as Golly The Male Goose
Kathy Bates as Bitsy The Cow
Reba McEntire as Betsy The Cow
Robert Redford as Ike The Horse
Thomas Haden Church as Brooks The Crow
André Benjamin as Elwyn The Crow
Abraham Benrubi as Uncle The Fatter Pig
Sam Shepard as The Narrator

text: Production

text: Charlotte's Web was produced without any involvement from E. B. White's estate.[2] It was the first film based on a book by E. B. White since 2001's The Trumpet of the Swan. Paramount had distributed the film as a result of its acquisition of DreamWorks, whose animation division became its own company in late 2004.

text: Major shooting was completed in May 2006. It was filmed on location in Bacchus Marsh, Victoria and suburbs in Melbourne, Australia. The fair scene in the story was filmed in Heidelberg in Melbourne, Australia at Heidelberg West Football Club's football ground. The school scenes were filmed at Spotswood Primary School.

text: Visual effects are by Rising Sun Pictures, Fuel International, Proof, Rhythm and Hues Studios, Digital Pictures Iloura and Tippett Studio. The visual effects supervisor for the film as a whole was John Berton, who noted that a live-action version of Charlotte's Web has become much more practical in recent years due to advances in technology.[3] Winick "was adamant" that Charlotte and Templeton (the film's two entirely computer-generated characters) should be realistic and not stylized, although they did give Charlotte almond-shaped eyes.[4] John Dietz, visual effects supervisor for Rising Sun Pictures, notes that there was a debate over whether to give her a mouth and that in the end, they decided to have her chelicerae move in what he describes as being almost like a veil as if there were a mouth behind it.[5]

text: Release

text: The film was at one time intended for a June 2006 release, but was pushed back to December 2006 to avoid competition with two other films from Nickelodeon Movies - Nacho Libre and Barnyard - as well as Over the Hedge and Cars among other films. It was released in Australia on December 7, 2006, and in the United States and Canada on December 15, 2006.[6] The U.S. and Canadian release date matches that of 20th Century Fox's Eragon, another film with fantasy elements and a young protagonist. The scheduled release date in the UK is February 9, 2007.

text: Home media

text: Charlotte's Web was released on DVD on April 3, 2007, in the United States and Canada and May 28 in the United Kingdom. It was released on Blu-ray on March 29, 2011, along with The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie. About 10 years later, the film was re-released on DVD on January 24, 2017.

text: Reception

text: Reviews were generally positive, especially with respect to Dakota Fanning's portrayal of Fern. The film currently holds a 78% "Certified Fresh" rating at Rotten Tomatoes.[7] Michael Medved gave Charlotte's Web three and a half stars (out of four) calling it "irresistible" and "glowing with goodness". Medved also said that Dakota Fanning's performance was "delightfully spunky".[8] Entertainment Weekly's Owen Gleiberman complains that the film is "a bit noisy" but applauds the director for putting "the book, in all its glorious tall-tale reverence, right up on screen." He goes on to say that "What hooks you from the start is Dakota Fanning's unfussy passion as Fern."[9]

text: Colm Andrew of the Manx Independent gave the film 6/10, saying that the main problem was "the ultra-cute characterisation of Wilbur, resulting in half the audience rooting for his demise" although overall it was "a competent retelling of a classic story that won't offend".[10]

text: The film was awarded a 2006 Critics' Choice Award for Best Family Film in the live-action category,[11] and Fanning won the Blimp Award for Favorite Movie Actress at the 2007 Kids' Choice Awards.

text: The film debuted in third place at the box office with only $11 million. The film performed very well after spending 14 weeks in theaters for a total of $82 million, $61 million elsewhere, for a total of $144 million before closing on March 22, 2007.[1]

text: Soundtrack

text:
Charlotte's Web

Film score by Danny Elfman

Released
2006

Danny Elfman chronology

Serenada Schizophrana
(2006)Serenada Schizophrana2006
Charlotte's Web
(2006)
Standard Operating Procedure
(2008)Standard Operating Procedure2008

text: Charlotte's Web: Music from the Motion Picture was released by Sony Classical on December 5, 2006. In addition to the instrumental score by Danny Elfman, the soundtrack includes a song named "Ordinary Miracle" by Sarah McLachlan, which she herself performed during the opening ceremonies of her hometown Vancouver Winter Olympics. A CD compilation of "Music Inspired by the Motion Picture" was issued on December 12, 2006.

text: Video game

text: A video game based on the movie, developed by Backbone Entertainment and published by Sega, was released on December 12, 2006, for the Game Boy Advance, Nintendo DS, and PC.

text: Another game based on the film was released in Europe for the PlayStation 2 by Blast Entertainment on April 5, 2007.[12]


document_title: Indira Gandhi International Airport

question_text: which terminal does air india land in delhi

text: Indira Gandhi International Airport

text: History[edit]

text: Safdarjung Airport was built in 1930 and was the main airport for Delhi until 1962.[4] Due to increasing passenger traffic at Safdarjung, civilian operations were moved to Palam Airport (later renamed to IGIA) in 1962.[4] Palam Airport had been built during World War II as RAF Station Palam and after the British left, it served as an Air Force Station for the Indian Air Force. Palam Airport had a peak capacity of around 1,300 passengers per hour.[4] Owing to an increase in air traffic in the 1970s, an additional terminal with nearly four times the area of the old Palam terminal was constructed. With the inauguration of a new international terminal (Terminal 2), on 2 May 1986, the airport was renamed as Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA).[4]

text: On 31 January 2006, the aviation minister Praful Patel announced that the empowered Group of Ministers have agreed to sell the management-rights of Delhi Airport to the DIAL consortium and the Mumbai airport to the GVK Group.[21] On 2 May 2006, the management of Delhi and Mumbai airports were handed over to the private consortia.[22] Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL) is a consortium of the GMR Group (54%), Fraport (10%) and Malaysia Airports (10%),[23] and the Airports Authority of India retains a 26% stake.[24]

text: Nine years later, in May 2015, Malaysia Airports chose to exit from DIAL venture and sold its entire 10% stake to majority share holder GMR Infra for $79 million. Following this GMR Group's stake at DIAL increased to 64%.[25] Earlier GMR indicated that it was interested in buying out the 10% stake of Fraport.[26]

text: The old domestic airport (Palam) is known as Terminal 1 and handles domestic flights for all budget airlines. The terminal is divided into three separate buildings – 1A (dedicated terminal for state-run Air India, no longer used), 1B (used by all private commercial airlines, now closed and demolished), the Domestic Arrival Terminal 1C and the newly constructed departure terminal 1D, now used by all domestic low-cost airlines (GoAir, IndiGo, SpiceJet). There is also a separate Technical Area for VVIP passengers.

text: Significant growth in Indian aviation industry led to a major increase in passenger traffic. The capacity of Terminal 1 was estimated to be 7.15 million passengers per annum (mppa). Actual throughput for 2005/06 was an estimated 10.4 million passengers. Including the now-closed international terminal (Terminal 2), the airport had a total capacity of 12.5 million passengers per year, whereas the total passenger traffic in 2006/07 was 16.5 million passengers per year.[27] In 2008, total passenger count at the airport reached 23.97 million. In order to ease the traffic congestion on the existing terminals, a much larger Terminal 3 was constructed and inaugurated on 3 July 2010.[28] The new terminal's construction took 37 months for completion and this terminal increased airport's total passenger capacity by 34 million.[28] Except the three budget airlines handled by Terminal 1, all other airlines operate their flights from Terminal 3.

text: Runways[edit]

text:
Runways at IGI Airport

Runway Number
Length
Width
Approach Lights/ILS[6]

29/11
4,430 m (14,530 ft)*
60 m (200 ft)*
CAT III-B / CAT III-B

28/10
3,810 m (12,500 ft)*
46 m (151 ft)*
CAT III-B / CAT I

27/09
2,813 m (9,229 ft)*
45 m (148 ft)*
CAT I / CAT I

text: Delhi Airport has three near-parallel runways: runway 11/29, 4,430 m × 60 m (14,530 ft × 200 ft) with CAT IIIB instrument landing system (ILS) on both sides, runway 10/28, 3,810 m × 46 m (12,500 ft × 151 ft), and runway 09/27, 2,813 m × 45 m (9,229 ft × 148 ft). In addition to Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport in Lucknow and Jaipur Airport in Jaipur, Delhi Airport is the only airports in India to have been equipped with the CAT III-B ILS.[29] In the winter of 2005, there were a record number of disruptions at Delhi airport due to fog/smog. Since then some domestic airlines have trained their pilots to operate under CAT-II conditions of a minimum 350 m (1,150 ft) visibility. On 31 March 2006, IGI became the first Indian airport to operate two runways simultaneously following a test run involving a SpiceJet plane landing on runway 28 and a Jet Airways plane taking off from runway 27 at the same time.

text: The initially proposed mode involving simultaneous takeoffs in westerly flow to increase handling traffic capacity caused several near misses over the west side of the airport where the centrelines of runways 10/28 and 9/27 intersect.[30] The runway use was changed to segregate dependent mode on 25 December 2007, which was a few days after the deciding near miss involving an Airbus A330-200 of Qatar Airways and an Indigo A320 aircraft. The new method involved use of runway 28 for all departures and runway 27 for all arrivals. This mode which was more streamlined was adopted during day hours (0600 - 2300 IST) till 24 September 2008.

text: On 21 August 2008, the airport inaugurated its 3rd runway 11/29 costing ₹10 billion[31] and 4,430 m (14,534 ft) long. The runway has one of the world's longest paved threshold displacements of 1,460 m (4,790 ft). This, in turn decreases the available landing length on runway 29 to 2,970 m (9,744 ft). The purpose of this large threshold displacement is to reduce noise generated by landing aircraft over nearby localities. The runway increases the airport's capacity to handle up to 100 flights from the previous 45–60 flights per hour. The new runway was opened for commercial operations on 25 September 2008 and gradually began full round-the-clock operations by the end of October the same year.[32]

text: Since mid 2012 all three runways are operated simultaneously to handle traffic during day hours.[33] Only runways 11/29 and 10/28 are operated during night (2300 - 0600 IST) hours with single runway landing restriction during westerly traffic flow that is rotated late night (0300 IST) and reversed weekly to distribute and mitigate night time landing noise over nearby residential areas.[34]

text: To cater for the demand of increasing air traffic, the master plan for the construction of a fourth parallel runway next to the existing runway 11/29 has been cleared.[35]

text: Terminals[edit]

text: IGI Airport serves as a major hub or a focus destination for several Indian carriers including Air India, Air India Regional, IndiGo, Jet Airways, SpiceJet, GoAir and Vistara. Approximately 80 airlines serve this airport. At present there are two active scheduled passenger terminals, a dedicated Hajj terminal and a cargo terminal.

text: Terminal 1[edit]

text: Terminal 1 is currently used by low cost carriers IndiGo and SpiceJet. DIAL is working to expand Terminal 1 and enhance its annual passenger handling capacity from the current 18 million to 30 million within four years by year 2022.[36]

text: Terminal 1A was built in the late 1980s to cater to Indian Airlines. It had to be refurbished after a fire gutted the interiors and DIAL significantly upgraded the terminal. It was used by Air India for its airbus operations until it shifted to the new Terminal 3 on 11 November 2010.[37] The terminal is now closed and is expected to be torn down on the completion of newer terminals.

text: Terminal 1C is used only for domestic arrivals. The terminal has been upgraded with a new expanded greeting area and a larger luggage reclaim area with 8 belts.

text: Terminal 1D is the newly built domestic departure terminal with a total floor space of 53,000 m2 (570,000 sq ft) and has a capacity to handle 15 million passengers per year.[38] Terminal 1D commenced operations on 19 April 2009.[39] It has 72 Common Use Terminal Equipment (CUTE) enabled check-in counters, 16 self check-in counters, and 16 security channels.[39]

text: Terminal 2[edit]

text: Terminal 2 was opened on 1 May 1986, at a cost of ₹950 million[4] and was used for International flights until July 2010 when operations shifted to T3. After this, the terminal remained operational for only three months per year catering to Haj flights.[40] In 2017, after revamping terminal 2 at a cost of ₹1 billion,[40] DIAL shifted operations of GoAir to the terminal from 29 October in order to continue expansion work of T1.[41][42]

text: Terminal 3[edit]

text: Designed by HOK working in consultation with Mott MacDonald,[43] the new Terminal 3 is a two-tier building spread over an area of 20 acres (8.1 ha), with the lower floor being the arrivals area, and the upper floor being a departures area. This terminal has 168 check-in counters, 78 aerobridges at 48 contact stands, 54 parking bays, 95 immigration counters, 15 X-ray screening areas, for less waiting times, duty-free shops, and other features.[44][45] This new terminal was timed to be completed for the 2010 Commonwealth Games, which was held in Delhi and is connected to Delhi by an eight-lane Delhi Gurgaon Expressway and the Delhi Metro. The terminal was officially inaugurated on 3 July 2010. All international airlines shifted their operations to the new terminal in late July 2010 and all full service domestic carriers in November 2010. The arrival area is equipped with 14 baggage carousels. T3 has India's first automated parking management and guidance system in a multi level car park, which comprises 7 levels and a capacity of 4,300 cars. Terminal 3 forms the first phase of the airport expansion which tentatively includes the construction of additional passenger & cargo terminals (Terminal 4, 5 & 6).[46]

text: Domestic full-service airlines operate from Terminal 3 including Air India, the national carrier and Jet Airways, who moved their domestic operations to the new terminal in November 2010. The Tata & Singapore Airlines airline joint-venture Vistara also operates from Terminal 3.[47] AirAsia India, although a low cost airline, also operates its domestic flights from this terminal.

text: WorldMark is an upcoming mixed-use project in the Aerocity hospitality district near Terminal 3.

text: Terminals 4, 5 and 6[edit]

text: Terminals 4, 5 and 6 will be built at a later stage, which will be triggered by growth in traffic, and once completed, all international flights will move to these three new terminals, while Terminal 3 will then solely be used for handling domestic air traffic. A new cargo handling building is also planned. According to Delhi International Airport Limited (DIAL), these new terminals will increase the airport's annual passenger volume capacity to 100 million.[46]

text: DIAL submitted a plan in 2016 to the then aviation secretary R N Choubey regarding expansion of airport with a new fourth runway and Terminal 4 in a phased manner.[36] The Master Plan of Airport in 2016 was then reviewed and updated by DIAL in consultation with the Airports Authority of India.[48] The terminal construction will start after completion on fourth runway and expansion of terminal 1 and 3.[36]

text: Cargo[edit]

text: The air cargo complex is located at a distance of 1 km (0.62 mi) from T3. It consists of separate brownfield and greenfield cargo terminals.[49] The cargo operations at the brownfield terminal are managed by Celebi Delhi Cargo Management India Pvt. Ltd., which is a joint venture between Delhi International Airport Private Ltd (DIAL) and the Turkish company Celebi Ground Handling (CGH).[50] CGH was awarded the contract to develop, modernize, and finance the existing cargo terminal and to operate the terminal for a period of twenty-five years by DIAL in November 2009.[51] It started it's operations in June 2010.[51] In addition to the existing terminal, a new greenfield terminal is being developed in phases by Delhi Cargo Service Centre (DCSC), also a joint venture between DIAL and Cargo Service Center (CSC).[51] The Greenfield cargo terminal project consists of two terminals built over a plot of 48,000 square metres and 28,500 square metres respectively. Phase-1A of the project has been completed and is fully operational.[49] Once the entire project is completed, these two new terminals will have an annual handling capacity of 1.25 million tonnes.[51] The cargo operations of the airport received "e-Asia 2007" award in 2007 for "Implementation of e- Commerce / Electronic Data Interchange in Air Cargo Sector".[52]

text: Airlines and destinations[edit]

text: Passenger[edit]

text:
Airlines
Destinations

Aeroflot
Moscow–Sheremetyevo

Air Arabia
Sharjah

Air Astana
Almaty, Astana

Air Canada
Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver

Air China
Beijing–Capital

Air France
Paris–Charles de Gaulle

Air India
Agra, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Aurangabad, Bagdogra, Bahrain, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Birmingham, Chandigarh, Chennai, Chicago–O'Hare, Copenhagen, Coimbatore, Colombo, Dammam, Dubai–International, Durgapur,[53] Frankfurt, Gaya, Goa, Guwahati, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Imphal, Indore, Jaipur, Jammu, Jeddah, Jodhpur, Kabul, Kathmandu, Khajuraho, Kochi, Kolkata, Leh, London–Heathrow, Lucknow, Madrid, Malé, Melbourne, Milan–Malpensa, Mumbai, Muscat, Nagpur, New York–JFK, Newark, Osaka–Kansai, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Patna, Port Blair, Pune, Raipur, Rajkot, Ranchi, Riyadh, Rome–Fiumicino, San Francisco, Seoul–Incheon, Shanghai–Pudong, Singapore, Srinagar, Stockholm–Arlanda, Surat, Sydney, Tel Aviv–Ben Gurion,[54] Thiruvananthapuram, Tirupati, Tokyo–Narita, Udaipur, Vadodara, Varanasi, Vienna, Vijayawada, Visakhapatnam, Washington–Dulles, Yangon

Air India Express
Abu Dhabi, Coimbatore, Dubai–International, Madurai

Air Italy
Milan–Malpensa (begins 29 October 2018)[55]

Air Manas
Bishkek

Air Mauritius
Mauritius

Air Odisha
Gwalior, Kanpur[56]

AirAsia India
Bagdogra, Bangalore, Goa, Guwahati, Imphal,[57] Kolkata, Pune, Ranchi, Srinagar

AirAsia X
Kuala Lumpur–International

Alitalia
Rome–Fiumicino

Alliance Air
Allahabad, Bathinda, Bikaner, Chandigarh, Dehradun, Dharamshala, Gorakhpur, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Jammu, Kullu, Ludhiana, Pantnagar, Pathankot, Shimla

All Nippon Airways
Tokyo–Narita

Ariana Afghan Airlines
Kabul, Kandahar

Asiana Airlines
Seoul–Incheon

Bhutan Airlines
Kathmandu, Paro

British Airways
London–Heathrow

Cathay Pacific
Hong Kong

China Airlines
Taipei–Taoyuan

China Eastern Airlines
Beijing–Capital, Shanghai–Pudong

China Southern Airlines
Guangzhou, Sanya

Druk Air
Kathmandu, Paro

Emirates
Dubai–International

Ethiopian Airlines
Addis Ababa

Etihad Airways
Abu Dhabi

Finnair
Helsinki

GoAir
Ahmedabad, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jammu, Kochi, Kolkata, Leh, Lucknow, Mumbai, Patna, Port Blair, Pune, Ranchi, Srinagar

Gulf Air
Bahrain

IndiGo
Agartala, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Dehradun, Dibrugarh, Dimapur, Doha, Dubai–International, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Imphal, Indore, Jaipur, Jammu, Kathmandu, Kochi, Kolkata, Kozhikode, Lucknow, Madurai, Mumbai, Nagpur, Patna, Port Blair, Pune, Raipur, Ranchi, Srinagar, Thiruvananthapuram, Udaipur, Vadodara, Varanasi, Visakhapatnam

Iraqi Airways
Baghdad, Basra

Japan Airlines
Tokyo–Narita

Jet Airways
Abu Dhabi, Ahmedabad, Aizawl, Amritsar, Amsterdam, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Bhopal, Bhuj, Chandigarh, Chennai, Coimbatore, Dammam, Dhaka, Dehradun, Doha, Dubai–International, Guwahati, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Imphal, Indore, Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kathmandu, Khajuraho, Kochi, Kolkata, Leh, London–Heathrow, Lucknow, Madurai, Mangalore, Mumbai, Muscat, Nagpur, Nashik,[58] Patna, Pune, Raipur, Riyadh,[59] Singapore, Srinagar, Thiruvananthapuram, Tiruchirappalli, Toronto–Pearson, Udaipur, Vadodara (begins 1 September 2018),[58] Varanasi, Visakhapatnam (resumes 1 September 2018)[58]

Kam Air
Herat, Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif

KLM
Amsterdam

Korean Air
Seoul–Incheon

Kuwait Airways
Kuwait

Lufthansa
Frankfurt, Munich

Mahan Air
Mashhad, Tehran–Imam Khomeini

Malaysia Airlines
Kuala Lumpur–International

Malindo Air
Kuala Lumpur–International

Meraj Airlines
Charter: Tehran–Imam Khomeini

Nepal Airlines
Kathmandu

Oman Air
Muscat

Pakistan International Airlines
Lahore

Pinnacle Air
Hisar (begins 15 August 2018)[60][61]

Qatar Airways
Doha

Saudia
Jeddah, Riyadh
Hajj: Medina

Singapore Airlines
Singapore

Shandong Airlines
Jinan, Kunming, Qingdao

SpiceJet
Adampur, Agartala, Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Chandigarh, Chennai, Dehradun, Dharamshala, Dubai–International, Goa, Gorakhpur, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jabalpur, Jaipur, Jaisalmer, Jammu, Kabul, Kanpur (begins 3 July 2018),[62] Kochi, Kolkata, Madurai, Mumbai, Patna, Port Blair, Pune, Srinagar, Surat, Thiruvananthapuram, Udaipur, Varanasi

SriLankan Airlines
Colombo

Swiss International Air Lines
Zürich

Tajik Air
Dushanbe

Thai Airways
Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi

Turkish Airlines
Istanbul–Atatürk

Turkmenistan Airlines
Ashgabat

Ukraine International Airlines
Kiev–Boryspil[63]

United Airlines
Newark

Uzbekistan Airways
Tashkent

Virgin Atlantic
London–Heathrow

Vistara
Ahmedabad, Amritsar, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chandigarh, Chennai, Goa, Guwahati, Hyderabad, Jammu, Kochi, Kolkata, Leh, Lucknow, Mumbai, Port Blair, Pune, Ranchi, Srinagar, Varanasi

WOW Air
Reykjavík–Keflavík (begins 7 December 2018)[64]

Zoom Air
Jabalpur, Kolkata

text: Cargo[edit]

text:
Airlines
Destinations

ASL Airlines Belgium
Dubai–International, Liege

Blue Dart Aviation[65]
Ahmedabad, Aurangabad, Bagdogra, Bangalore, Bhopal, Chennai, Cochin, Coimbatore, Goa, Hyderabad, Indore, Jaipur, Kolkata, Lucknow, Mumbai, Nagpur, Raipur, Ranchi, Patna, Thiruvananthapuram

Cathay Pacific Cargo[66][67]
Bangalore, Hong Kong, Hyderabad, Kolkata, London–Heathrow, Manchester, Milan–Malpensa, Paris–Charles de Gaulle

China Airlines Cargo
Luxembourg,[68] Taipei–Taoyuan[69]

DHL Aviation[70]
Hong Kong, Leipzig/Halle

Ethiopian Airlines Cargo[71]
Addis Ababa

Etihad Cargo[72]
Abu Dhabi, Shanghai–Pudong

FedEx Express
Chengdu, Dubai–International, Guangzhou, Memphis

Jet Airways Cargo
operated by Etihad Cargo[73]
Bangalore, Hanoi, Hong Kong, Singapore

Kalitta Air[74]
Hong Kong, Leipzig

Lufthansa Cargo
Frankfurt, Dhaka, Guangzhou, Krasnoyarsk

MASkargo[75]
Kuala Lumpur–International

Qatar Airways Cargo[76]
Doha

Quikjet Airlines[77]
Bangalore, Chennai, Hyderabad, Mumbai

Thai Cargo[78]
Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi

Turkish Airlines Cargo[79]
Hanoi, Istanbul–Atatürk

Uni-Top Airlines[80]
Mumbai, Wuhan

Uzbekistan Airways Cargo[81]
Navoi

text: Connectivity[edit]

text: Rail[edit]

text: The nearest railway station is Palam railway station which is 18 km from New Delhi railway station. Several passenger trains runs regularly between these stations. Shahabad Mohammadpur (SMDP) is equally close.[82][83]

text: Terminal 3 of the airport is served by the Delhi Airport Metro Express train line. The 22.7 km (14.1 mi) line runs from the Airport metro station located at Terminal 3 to the New Delhi metro station railway station with trains running every 10 minutes.[84] Terminal 1 is served by Terminal 1-IGI Airport metro station of Delhi Metro's Magenta Line.[85]

text: Road[edit]

text: The airport is connected by the 8-lane Delhi Gurgaon Expressway. Air conditioned low-floor buses operated by Delhi Transport Corporation (DTC) regularly run between the airport and the city. Metered taxis are also available from terminals T3 and T1C to all areas of Delhi.[86]

text: Awards and recognitions[edit]

text:
In 2015, Delhi Airport bagged two awards for The Best Airport in Central Asia/India and Best Airport Staff in Central Asia/India at the prestigious Skytrax World Airport Awards.[18]
In 2015, Delhi Airport won the Best Airport award from the Airports Council International within 25–40 million annual passengers category.[17]
In 2015, it won the prestigious Golden Peacock National Quality Award given by the Institute of Directors (India).[87]
In 2016, The Indira Gandhi International (IGI) Airport has become Asia-Pacific's only and one of the world's few airports to achieve a carbon neutral status. The announcement in this regard was made by the Airports Council International (ACI) during the Airport Carbon Accreditation certificate presentation ceremony to IGI in Montreal, Canada.[88]
In 2017, IGI Airport won the Best Airport award from the Airports Council International along with Mumbai in the highest category of airports handling more than 40 million passengers per annum.[20]

text: Incidents[edit]

text: A Royal Nepal Airlines Fokker F27-200 (9N-AAR) after a flight from Kathmandu, Nepal was caught in severe thunderstorms with turbulence and downdrafts on final approach to Palam Airport. The pilot lost control of the aircraft and crashed short of the runway. Of the five crew and 18 passengers, one crew member was killed.[89]

text: Japan Airlines Flight 471 crashed outside of Palam Airport, killing 82 of 87 occupants; ten of eleven crew members and 72 of 76 passengers died, as did three people on the ground.[90]

text: Indian Airlines Flight 440 crashed while on approach to Palam Airport, killing 48 of the 65 passengers and crew on board.[91][92]

text: An Air India Boeing 747 flying on the London-Delhi-Mumbai route and carrying 215 people (195 passengers and 20 crew) touched down at Indira Gandhi International Airport after a flight from London Heathrow Airport. On application of reverse thrust, a failure of the no. 1 engine pylon to wing attachment caused this engine to tilt nose down. Hot exhaust gases caused a fire on the left wing. There were no casualties but the aircraft was damaged beyond repair and written off.[93]

text: Indian Airlines Flight 492 (IC 492), A Boeing 737-2A8 (Registered VT-ECS), damaged beyond repair when the aircraft overshot the runway at Delhi airport due to pilots error, on its scheduled flight from Jaipur to Delhi.[94]

text: The airport was involved in the Charkhi Dadri mid-air collision when a Saudia Boeing 747-100B, climbing out after take-off, collided with an incoming Kazakhstan Airlines Ilyushin Il-76 chartered by a fashion company, causing the deaths of all 349 people on board the two planes.[95]

text: A major mishap was averted at Indira Gandhi International Airport when an Indigo flight 6E 769 and a Spice Jet flight SG 123 came face-to-face on the runway. However, no damage occurred as it was promptly flagged.[96] The Spice Jet flight was following ATC instructions. While taxing, the Spice Jet crew observed another aircraft in the opposite direction.[96]

text: On 7 July a jet blast from arriving SpiceJet flight SG-253 blew out the window of an Indigo Airlines bus, causing minor injuries to five bus passengers.[97]

text: On 9 August Ethiopian Airlines flight ET687, loaded with 196 passengers, was in the process of being pushed back from the gate by a tow tractor when the trailing edge of its right wing collided with the left winglet of a parked Air India A320, causing both planes to be grounded.[98]

text: Sustainability practices[edit]

text: Delhi Airport is the first airport in the world to be registered under Clean Development Mechanism of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).[99][100][101] The airport has a 7.84 MW solar plant installed alongside runway 29/11. GMR targets to increase generation capacity to 20MW by 2020.[99]

text: The airport is a "carbon neutral" airport.[102][103]


document_title: Jon Snow (character)

question_text: who went to the wall with jon snow

question_tokens: who went to the wall with jon snow

text: Jon Snow (character)

text: Character[edit]

text: Description[edit]

text: In A Game of Thrones, Jon Snow is introduced as the 14-year-old bastard son of Eddard "Ned" Stark, Lord of Winterfell,[3][4] and half-brother to Robb, Sansa, Arya, Bran and Rickon. Jon is described as having strong Stark features with a lean build, long face, dark brown hair and grey eyes.[5] Jon has the surname "Snow" (customarily used for illegitimate children in the North) and is resented by Ned's wife Catelyn, who views him as a constant reminder of Ned's infidelity.[4] Jon is the same age as Robb and enjoys a warm relationship with his siblings, particularly the tomboy Arya (who resembles Jon and like him does not feel like she fits in). Ned treats Jon as much like his other children as propriety and his honor will allow. Still, as somewhat of an outsider, Jon has learned to be independent and to fend for himself when necessary.[3] Jon idolizes his father, but is wounded by Ned's refusal to tell him about his mother.[6] At the beginning of the story, Jon adopts the albino direwolf that he names Ghost. He later finds that at times he can "inhabit" the wolf and share its experiences.[4][5][6]

text: David Orr of The New York Times describes Jon as "a complex, thoughtful and basically good character".[1] David Benioff and D. B. Weiss, the creators and executive producers of the television adaptation of the series, explain that Jon is one of several characters in the series who must "face hard truths about the world they live in, and adapt themselves to those truths" because "The struggle many of them face is how to do that without losing their grip on who they are."[7] Ned Stark teaches all his children about leadership, selflessness, duty and honor. Following his father's example becomes more difficult as Jon faces challenges to his identity as a man, a Stark, and a brother of the Night's Watch.[3][4] Benioff and Weiss note that "Jon Snow tries to live with honor, while knowing that honor often gets his family members murdered."[7] Writing for Variety about the season 6 episode "Battle of the Bastards", Laura Prudom suggests that Jon "has the same shortcomings" as his father: "he fights with honor against opponents who are all too willing to use that predictable morality against him".[8]

text: Jon is a prominent point of view character in the novels, and has been called one of Martin's "finest creations".[1] Jon is introduced as the illegitimate son of a Northern lord who, realizing he is an outsider in his own family, follows his uncle to the far north and accepts the honorable duty of serving in the Night's Watch. But as much as he is a second-class Stark at home, initially his fellow recruits and brothers of the Watch set him apart as privileged and aloof. Jon adapts, soon proving himself to be wise, compassionate, and a natural leader. Over the course of the series, Jon's loyalty to the Watch and its vows, his family, and even Westeros itself are tested as he becomes embroiled in the efforts of the wildlings from Beyond the Wall to force their way back into the Seven Kingdoms. He lives among them as a spy for the Watch, sympathetic to their cause and becoming romantically involved with the tenacious Ygritte. However he ultimately betrays them to defend The Wall. Later, as the newest Lord Commander of the Night's Watch, he pursues an alliance with the wildlings.[3][4][5][9]

text: Several reviews of 2011's A Dance with Dragons noted the return to the narrative of Jon, Daenerys Targaryen and Tyrion Lannister, the three popular characters whom fans had missed most from the previous volume, A Feast for Crows.[2][10][11] These "favorites" had last been featured 11 years before in Martin's A Storm of Swords.[12] In A Dance with Dragons, Jon's leadership of the Night's Watch is complicated by several unprecedented challenges, including a wildling alliance, the demands of would-be-king Stannis Baratheon and the conflicting factions developing within the Watch itself.[12][13][14] The New York Times notes that "Jon’s leadership is the best hope of Westeros, so naturally he’s in imminent danger throughout A Dance With Dragons."[1] James Hibberd of Entertainment Weekly called Jon's final chapter in A Dance with Dragons "a harsh chapter in terms of fan expectations. You go from this total high of Jon giving this rousing speech about going after the evil Ramsay Bolton, to this utter low of his men turning against him."[15] Jon's presence in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter is uncertain.[15]

text: Asked what he thought was Jon’s biggest "mistake", Martin replied:

text: Were they mistakes? I guess they were mistakes in some ways since they led to him losing control of part of his group. But it might have been wise and necessary decisions in terms of protecting the realm and dealing with the threat of the White Walkers. I’m a huge student of history, and all through history there’s always this question of what’s the right decision. You look back with benefit of hindsight at a battle that was lost and say, ‘The losing general was such an idiot.’ Was Napoleon a genius for all the battles he won? Or an idiot for losing at Waterloo? Partly I’m reacting to a lot of the fantasy that has come before this. Ruling is difficult whether you’re a Lord Commander of the Night’s Watch or the King of England. These are hard decisions and each have consequences. We’re looking at Jon trying to take control of Night’s Watch and deal with the wildlings and the threat beyond The Wall.[16]

text: Parentage[edit]

text: The identity of Jon's mother has created much speculation among readers of the series, and guessing her identity was the test Martin gave Benioff and Weiss when they approached him in March 2006 about adapting his novels into a TV series.[17][18][19] In the novels, Martin hints that she could be a servant named Wylla, or the noblewoman Ashara Dayne.[20][21][22] The popular fan theory—called "R+L=J", an abbreviation of "Rhaegar + Lyanna = Jon"—proposes that Jon is not the son of Ned at all, but is actually the son of Rhaegar Targaryen and Ned's younger sister Lyanna Stark.[17][23][24]

text: Though the character is presented as the illegitimate son of Ned Stark,[1][2][25] David Orr voiced the doubt of some readers when he wrote in The New York Times in 2011, "Jon Snow is presented as the illegitimate son of the Stark patriarch, although it's uncertain whether Stark is indeed his father."[1] Actor Sean Bean, who portrays Ned in the HBO television series, said when asked in a 2014 interview about returning to the series to appear in flashbacks, "I've definitely got some unfinished business that needs to be resolved there. I'm obviously not Jon Snow's dad. And you need that to be revealed at some point, don't you?"[26] The uncertainty arises from anecdotal evidence in the texts interpreted by readers to connect the mysterious maternity of Ned's son with the vague backstory of his sister Lyanna.[17][24][27]

text: As recounted by Ned in A Game of Thrones, at a tourney years before the events of the novel, Rhaegar had shown public favor to Lyanna in the presence of his own wife, the Dornish princess Elia Martell.[28] When Rhaegar and Lyanna disappeared a year later, her father Rickard and eldest brother Brandon confronted Rhaegar's father, the Mad King Aerys Targaryen, demanding that his son return the abducted Lyanna. Aerys had Rickard and Brandon brutally executed for their insolence, inciting Ned and his friend Robert Baratheon, Lord of Storm's End and Lyanna's betrothed, to rebel against Aerys.[29][30] In what later became known as Robert's Rebellion, Aerys was overthrown and Rhaegar was killed by Robert in single combat.[29] After a bloody battle against three of Aerys' Kingsguard protecting the Tower of Joy in Dorne, Ned found Lyanna inside, in a "bed of blood." She died shortly after eliciting a promise from Ned.[28][29] Once the war was won, he returned to Winterfell with his illegitimate son Jon.[25]

text: The R+L=J theory posits that rather than Rhaegar kidnapping Lyanna, they fell in love and ran away together. Living for a year in the Tower of Joy, they conceived a child—Jon. Rhaegar was killed in battle by Robert, and Lyanna died in childbirth.[31][32] Ned claimed the baby as his own to protect him from Robert, who sought to exterminate all Targaryens out of hatred and to secure his claim to the throne.[32]

text: HBO's Game of Thrones has included in its adaptation many of the "hints" identified by this theory.[33] In the season 6 finale, "The Winds of Winter", Bran Stark has a vision of the past which shows Ned reuniting with a dying Lyanna in the Tower of Joy. Lyanna makes him promise to protect her son—Jon.[33][34][35] An infographic subsequently posted on the HBO-controlled website MakingGameofThrones.com confirmed Rhaegar as Jon's father.[36][37][38] Journalists later commented on the significance of two plot points in the season 7 episode "Eastwatch". One of Daenerys Targaryen's dragons, Drogon, approaches Jon calmly and allows the King in the North to pet him, seemingly recognizing him as a Targaryen.[39][40][41] Later, Gilly learns from a book at the Citadel that a High Septon annulled Rhaegar's marriage, and married him to someone else in Dorne, suggesting the possibility that Jon is the legitimate son of Rhaegar and Lyanna.[42][43][44] The season 7 finale episode "The Dragon and the Wolf" confirmed that Jon is indeed the legitimate son of Rhaegar and Lyanna, and that his birth name is Aegon Targaryen.[45][46]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: A Game of Thrones[edit]

text: Jon Snow is first introduced in A Game of Thrones (1996), as he and his five siblings adopt six orphaned direwolf cubs. As Ned Stark's illegitimate son and with Ned's wife Catelyn despising him, Jon has always felt removed from the rest of the Stark family. He resolves to join the Night's Watch, as his status as a bastard prevents him from holding lands or marrying into a good family. At The Wall, the other recruits resent Jon's aura of superiority, but he makes amends by helping them master swordplay. He also befriends Samwell Tarly, a cowardly lordling who, despite being helpless with weapons, displays an aptitude for book learning. Jon's independence and his compassion for the recruits invite the ire of the harsh master-at-arms Alliser Thorne, who sees Jon as a threat to his authority. Jon gains the notice of the Lord Commander, Jeor Mormont, who names Jon his personal squire and grooms Jon for command. After learning of his father's execution, Jon resolves to desert the Night's Watch and join his half brother Robb, but the other recruits convince Jon to remain loyal to his Night's Watch vows. The next night, Jon saves Mormont's life by killing an undead wight. Mormont then orders a Great Ranging beyond the Wall to learn more of this new threat.[3][6]

text: A Clash of Kings[edit]

text: In 1998's A Clash of Kings, Mormont leads a party of Night's Watch rangers beyond the Wall to investigate the disappearance of Jon's uncle Benjen, assess the intentions of the wildling leader Mance Rayder and learn more of the threat posed by the Others. Jon is sent out with a scouting party led by Qhorin Halfhand. On the journey, Jon comes upon a wildling lookout and takes the warrior girl Ygritte captive; though told to kill her, Jon lets her escape. Jon and Qhorin are subsequently captured by the wildlings. Qhorin, who faces certain execution at Mance's hands, commands Jon to infiltrate the wildlings and learn their plans, at any cost. Jon pretends to disavow the Night's Watch, and the wildlings force him to fight Qhorin to the death to earn their trust. With Qhorin's silent consent, Jon kills him with the aid of Ghost.[4][47]

text: A Storm of Swords[edit]

text: As A Storm of Swords (2000) begins, Jon has gained the trust of the wildlings by killing Qhorin, and marches with their host. He learns that Mance intends to breach the Wall and march south to escape the Others, crushing the Night's Watch if necessary. Jon finds himself torn between his growing love for Ygritte and his vows of celibacy. After climbing over The Wall with Ygritte and Tormund Giantsbane, Jon deserts them to warn the Watch of the impending attack. He helps defend Castle Black against the wildlings' initial attacks despite his lack of men and weapons. Ygritte is killed in the fighting, leaving Jon stricken. When the battle is won, Jon is arrested for desertion by Thorne and Janos Slynt, but is freed after convincing the judges of his loyalty. Still suspicious, Thorne orders that Jon be sent to kill Mance under the pretense of parley, but Jon's task is interrupted by the arrival of Stannis Baratheon's army. Stannis offers to legitimize Jon and declare him Lord of Winterfell if he will align the North with Stannis. Though greatly tempted at the prospect of becoming a true Stark, Jon again chooses to remain loyal to his Night's Watch vows. With Sam's help, Jon is elected to the position of Lord Commander by acclamation.[2][9][13][48]

text: A Feast for Crows and A Dance with Dragons[edit]

text: Jon is not a POV character in 2005's A Feast for Crows, but appears briefly from Sam's perspective as he sends Sam away from Castle Black with the Watch's Maester Aemon and Mance's newborn son to protect them from sacrifice by the Red Priestess Melisandre. Jon also gives Sam the specific mission of traveling to the Citadel in Oldtown to become a maester, so that he may better understand the threat of the Others and eventually succeed Maester Aemon.[49]

text: In A Dance with Dragons (2011), after sending Sam away to the Citadel to become a Maester, Jon successfully negotiates the peaceful surrender of the remains of Mance's army. He promises to settle the wildlings in sparsely populated regions of the North, and allows some of them to join the Watch to garrison the many abandoned Night's Watch fortresses. Many members of the Watch dislike the idea of allowing their ancient enemies through the Wall and welcoming them into their ranks. Jon attempts to juggle the integration of the wildlings, growing unrest within the Night's Watch, and Stannis' attempts to use the Watch in his war for the Iron Throne, while trying to maintain the Watch's strict political neutrality. Already agitated by these unprecedented developments, a group of officers led by Slynt openly defies Jon's orders. When Slynt refuses to submit, Jon executes the man himself. Stannis explains to Jon his plan to attack the Dreadfort, but Jon advises him to instead rally the Mountain Clans and attack Deepwood Motte, the fortress of House Glover recently captured by the Ironborn. Stannis does so, winning the support of the Glovers and the Mormonts. Jon learns that his sister Arya is being married to Ramsay Bolton so that the Boltons may claim Winterfell. Unaware that the bride is actually Jeyne Poole, Jon sends Mance to rescue her while Stannis marches on Winterfell. Jon later receives a letter from Ramsay claiming that Stannis has been defeated and Mance is a prisoner. Ramsay demands hostages, else he will march on the Wall and kill Jon.[1][2][13][12][14] Jon decides to seek out and kill Ramsay himself, but he is stabbed by his Night's Watch brothers seeking to uphold the Watch's neutrality before he can leave Castle Black.[50][51]

text: Jon's presence in the forthcoming volume The Winds of Winter is uncertain; when asked in 2011 by Entertainment Weekly "Why did you kill Jon Snow?", author Martin responded "Oh, you think he’s dead, do you?"[15] Asked later whether Jon was killed or will survive, Martin responded with a laugh, "I will not comment on that."[52]

text: Family tree[edit]

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Descendants of Rickard Stark

Rickard[a]

Lyarra[b]

Brandon[a]

Catelyn
Tully[c]

Eddard[a]

Lyanna[a][d]

Benjen[a]

Robb[c]

Jeyne
Westerling[e]

Sansa[c]

Tyrion
Lannister[f]

Arya[c]

Brandon[c]

Rickon[c]

Jon
Snow[c][d]

Notes:

^ Jump up to: a b c d e Martin, George R. R. (1996). "Chapter 4: Eddard". A Game of Thrones. pp. 36–45. ISBN 978-0-553-89784-5.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R.; García Jr., Elio M.; Antonsson, Linda (2014). "Appendix: Stark Lineage". The World of Ice & Fire. ISBN 978-0-553-80544-4.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Martin. "Appendix: House Stark". A Game of Thrones. pp. 785–786.
^ Jump up to: a b In the TV series Game of Thrones, Jon is the son of Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Chapter 14: Catelyn". A Storm of Swords. pp. 192–193. ISBN 978-0-553-89787-6.
Jump up ^ Martin, George R. R. (2000). "Chapter 28: Sansa". A Storm of Swords. pp. 382–393. ISBN 978-0-553-89787-6.

text: TV adaptation[edit]

text: Overview[edit]

text: Martin told Rolling Stone in 2014 that some early inquiries he received about adapting A Song of Ice and Fire suggested identifying the story's "important character" and focusing on that individual plot line: Jon and Daenerys Targaryen being the two most popular choices.[53] Martin was not interested in sacrificing so much of the overall story.[53] When the pilot for the HBO adaptation went into production years later, one of the first parts cast was Jon, with Kit Harington announced in the role in July 2009.[54][55] Alfie Allen and Iwan Rheon had also auditioned for the role, and were brought into the show to play Theon Greyjoy and Ramsay Snow instead, respectively.[56][57][58] In October 2014, Harington and several other key cast members, all contracted for six seasons of the series, renegotiated their deals to include a potential seventh season and salary increases for seasons five, six, and seven.[59][60] The Hollywood Reporter called the raises "huge", noting that the deal would make the performers "among the highest-paid actors on cable TV".[59] Deadline.com put the number for season five at "close to $300,000 an episode" for each actor,[60] and The Hollywood Reporter wrote in June 2016 that the performers would each be paid "upward of $500,000 per episode" for seasons seven and the potential eight.[61] In 2017, Harington became one of the highest paid actors on television and will earn £2 million per episode for the show.[62][63][dubious – discuss]

text: As the series premiered, TV Guide called Harington a "soulful heartthrob" whose Jon is idolized by his younger siblings and who "seeks purpose" by joining the Night's Watch.[64] Creators David Benioff and D. B. Weiss later noted that Jon "tries to live with honor, while knowing that honor often gets his family members murdered".[7] They explained that he is one of several characters in the series who must "face hard truths about the world they live in, and adapt themselves to those truths. The struggle many of them face is how to do that without losing their grip on who they are."[7] Matt Fowler of IGN wrote in 2013 that while Jon and Daenerys' storylines in season 1 and season 2 "felt very separate" from the rest of the series' plot, for the first time in season 3, "Jon's entire situation felt incorporated into the larger picture."[65] Fowler also added that Jon's "oath-breaking romance with Ygritte added a lot of heat to the story".[65] In May 2015, International Business Times called Jon "clearly the most popular character" of the series.[66]

text: In a 2015 interview Benioff said, "The problem with Jon is, he’s not a cautious man. It's the problem with him, and also the reason we love him. He is a hero, but heroes are inherently incautious."[67] Weiss added, "At the end of the day, Jon is his father’s son, he’s a person who’s honorable to a fault and does the right thing even when the right thing is extremely dangerous to him personally."[67] In the June 2015 season 5 finale "Mother's Mercy", Jon is stabbed to death by Alliser Thorne and several men of the Night's Watch after being labeled a traitor.[67] With Martin's 2011 novel A Dance with Dragons vague on Jon's fate, Harington confirmed the character's death in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, saying "I’ve been told I’m dead. I’m dead. I’m not coming back next season."[68] He added, "I loved how they brought [the orphan boy] Olly in to be the person who kills me. I love how the storyline with Thorne was wrapped up."[68] Benioff also said of the episode:

text: This is obviously a big deal, the death of Jon Snow. This is something we've been thinking about for a long long time, and Alliser kills him, it's kind of like, it's a bad guy killing a good guy. But when it's Olly holding the knife … Olly's not a bad guy. Olly's a kid who’s seen just way too much horror way too early, and he makes a decision that's a really hard decision for him but you understand where he's coming from ... It's one of those great conflicts that makes us love the books and this saga, is that it's, ultimately it's not just about good vs evil, it's about people of good intentions who come into conflict with each other because they have very different views of the world, and unfortunately it did not work out well for Jon Snow in this case.[67]

text: Writing for The New York Times, Jeremy Egner called Jon's demise "the biggest death on the show" since Ned Stark's beheading in season 1.[69] Amid strong fan reaction over Jon's death on social media,[66][70] immediately following the episode journalists began theorizing how the show could resurrect the character.[16][71][72][73][74][75] Nate Jones of Vulture.com noted:

text: It's easy to see what [other characters'] deaths meant for the series' sprawling narrative: Ned's execution sent the Stark kids adrift in a universe where there was nobody looking out for them, while Robb's murder was the final death knell for the hopes that the saga would ever have a traditional 'happy' ending. What would be accomplished, narratively, by getting rid of Jon permanently right now?[76]

text: A July 2015 sighting of Harington arriving in Belfast, a primary filming location for the series where other actors were arriving for season 6 script read-throughs, prompted further speculation about the character's return.[77][78] However, a story in Vanity Fair pointed out that Charles Dance had been seen in Belfast the previous year after his character Tywin Lannister's death as well, and he only appeared in the first episode of the subsequent season as a corpse.[77][79] Another photo that showed Harington on set in Belfast in a costume that varied from the Night's Watch outfit was published on September 25, 2015.[80] A season 6 Game of Thrones promotional poster released in November 2015 featured a bloodied Jon.[81]

text: Jon is resurrected by Melisandre in "Home", the May 2016 second episode of season 6.[82][83] Though calling it a "predictable move" for a television series, David Sims of The Atlantic praised the plot development as "the right choice" for the show's narrative.[84] In a subsequent interview with Entertainment Weekly, Harington said:

text: I'd like to say sorry for lying to everyone. I'm glad that people were upset that he died. I think my biggest fear was that people were not going to care ... But it seems like people had a, similar to the Red Wedding episode, kind of grief about it. Which means something I'm doing—or the show is doing—is right.[82]

text: Joanna Robinson of Vanity Fair credited Jon's much-discussed cliffhanger death as a primary factor behind Game of Thrones' subsequent 25% ratings increase for season 6.[85] Harington's performance in season 6 earned the actor his first Primetime Emmy Award nomination in July 2016.[86]

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: Following the plot of A Game of Thrones, in season 1 Jon, the bastard son of Ned Stark, joins the Night's Watch. He arrives at the Wall, with his direwolf Ghost in tow, to find that the order is a shadow of its former self. Raised to be a talented fighter with a strong sense of justice and honor, Jon is at first contemptuous of his fellow recruits, who are mostly lowborn, untrained criminals and exiles. In "Lord Snow", he is persuaded by Tyrion Lannister to put aside his prejudices, and helps some of the others with their weapons training. Jon befriends Samwell Tarly, who is more an intellectual than a fighter. Jon takes his vows but is disappointed to be made steward to Lord Commander Jeor Mormont rather than a ranger in "You Win or You Die". Sam points out that he is likely being groomed for command. Jon saves Mormont from a wight in "The Pointy End", and in "Baelor" is given House Mormont's ancestral blade Longclaw, a sword made of Valyrian steel, in thanks. Jon learns of his father's execution for treason in "Fire and Blood", and though tempted to leave the Wall to help his family, his sense of duty ultimately compels him to stay.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: In season 2, Jon witnesses the wildling Craster, a man with many wives who marries his own daughters, sacrifice his newborn son to the White Walkers in "The Night Lands". Later, as part of a small scouting party led by Night's Watch ranger Qhorin Halfhand, Jon is tasked to kill a wildling prisoner, the woman warrior Ygritte. He finds himself unable to do so in "The Old Gods and the New", and she escapes, only to capture him with her comrades in "The Prince of Winterfell". Qhorin orders Jon to pretend to defect and join the wildlings to discover their plans. In "Valar Morghulis", Qhorin stages a fight and secretly instructs Jon to kill him to gain the wildlings' trust. Jon does, and is taken to meet Mance Rayder, the wildlings' King-Beyond-the Wall.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: In season 3, Jon pledges his loyalty to Mance and travels with the wildlings, learning that they intend to scale the Wall and force their way back into Westeros. Jon's feelings for Ygritte begin to intensify, and they have sex in "Kissed by Fire". When Jon refuses to kill an innocent man to prove his loyalty in "The Rains of Castamere", he is attacked by the other wildlings, but escapes. In "Mhysa", he is tracked by Ygritte, who shoots him with three arrows before he is able to escape again and return to Castle Black.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: In "Two Swords", Alliser Thorne and Janos Slynt call for Jon's execution for defecting to the wildlings, but Maester Aemon is convinced of Jon's loyalty to the Watch and sets him free. In "First of His Name", Jon leads an expedition to Craster's Keep, where some men of the Watch have mutinied and murdered Lord Commander Mormont. After defeating the mutineers, Jon is reunited with Ghost. Tormund's wildlings attack Castle Black while Mance's army besieges the Wall in "The Watchers on the Wall". The wildlings are successfully repelled, though Ygritte is shot and dies in Jon's arms. Before Jon can negotiate with or kill Mance, Stannis Baratheon's army arrives and routs the wildling camp, taking Mance prisoner in the season finale "The Children".

text: Season 5[edit]

text: In "The Wars to Come", Stannis enlists Jon as an intermediary between himself and Mance, hoping to add the wildling army to his own. Mance refuses to submit to Stannis, and the wildling king is burned at the stake by the red priestess Melisandre. In "The House of Black and White", Stannis offers to legitimize Jon and make him lord of Winterfell in exchange for his support. Jon is voted the new Lord Commander of the Night's Watch, initially tying with his nemesis Thorne but having the tie settled by Maester Aemon. Jon's intent to welcome the wildlings into Westeros and grant them lands by the Wall further enrages Thorne's faction of the Watch, who hold a deep seated hatred for the wildlings. In "Hardhome", Jon travels by ship north of the Wall to the eponymous wildling village, seeking their support for his plan to ally the Night's Watch and the wildlings against the growing threat of the White Walkers. As some the wildling clans board Stannis' ships to travel south, a massive force of wights, led by White Walkers and their Night King, attacks the village. Jon kills a White Walker with Longclaw, learning that weapons forged with Valyrian steel can destroy them completely. Jon and his group barely make it out alive, with only a fraction of the wildling forces. Jon then permits the wildling forces to pass through the Wall into the North. Shortly after returning to Castle Black in the season finale "Mother's Mercy", Jon is summoned to hear news of his missing uncle Benjen, but is instead stabbed to death by Thorne and his group of mutineers.

text: Season 6[edit]

text: In "The Red Woman", Davos Seaworth, Dolorous Edd, and other brothers of the Watch loyal to Jon barricade themselves in a room with Ghost and Jon's body, and an attack by Thorne and his men is thwarted by the arrival of Tormund and his wildlings. Davos encourages Melisandre to attempt to resurrect Jon in "Home", and though the ritual at first seems to fail, Jon suddenly awakens. After hanging Thorne, Olly, Bowen Marsh, and Othell Yarwyck for their treason in "Oathbreaker", Jon gives command of the Watch to Edd and prepares to leave Castle Black. In "Book of the Stranger", he is reunited with his half-sister Sansa Stark, who has fled her abusive husband Ramsay Bolton and now seeks Jon's aid in crushing the Boltons. Jon is hesitant until a threatening message arrives from Ramsay demanding Sansa's return, and announcing Ramsay's possession of their brother Rickon. Jon, Sansa, Davos, Tormund, and Brienne of Tarth set off to recruit an army to take back Winterfell and rescue Rickon from Ramsay in "The Broken Man", but their forces grow to only half the size of Bolton's. As the armies face each other in "Battle of the Bastards", Ramsay murders Rickon to enrage Jon, who rushes in with murderous fury. A devastating battle ensues in which the outnumbered Stark forces are nearly slaughtered, until the Knights of the Vale from House Arryn arrive with Sansa and Petyr Baelish, and attack the Bolton army from the rear. Jon chases Ramsay back into Winterfell and beats him savagely, stopping before killing him. Sansa subsequently feeds Ramsay to his own hounds. In the season finale episode "The Winds of Winter", Bran Stark has a vision of the past which shows Ned reuniting with a dying Lyanna in the Tower of Joy. She makes him swear to protect her son—Jon.[36][37][38] Meanwhile, the Northern lords name Jon the King in the North.

text: Season 7[edit]

text: Attempting to bolster the North's defenses in "Dragonstone", Jon is frustrated when his authority is undermined by Sansa, who does not want him to repeat the mistakes that got their father Ned and brother Robb killed. Jon dismisses a message from Cersei Lannister that he swear his allegiance to her. In "Stormborn", he receives an invitation to Dragonstone from Tyrion on Daenerys Targaryen's behalf. Subsequently, receiving a message from Sam that a hoard of obsidian lies beneath the ancient Targaryen castle, Jon decides to meet Daenerys, leaving a surprised Sansa as his regent. At Dragonstone, he declines swearing fealty to Daenerys in "The Queen's Justice", and instead asks for her assistance fighting the White Walkers. She demurs, but permits him to mine the obsidian. In "Eastwatch", Daenerys is surprised when her dragon Drogon approaches Jon and allows the King in the North to pet him. Determined to convince Cersei that their true enemy is the army of the dead, Jon leads an expedition north of the Wall to capture a wight and bring it south to King's Landing. They manage to do so in "Beyond the Wall", but are surrounded by a horde of the Night King's minions. Daenerys arrives with her dragons, but the Night King kills one of them with an ice spear, forcing the others to flee without Jon. He is saved by the reappearance of his uncle Benjen, who is overtaken by the dead as Jon escapes back to the Wall. Daenerys vows to fight the White Walkers with Jon, and he agrees to swear fealty to her as his queen. In "The Dragon and the Wolf", the two negotiate a truce with Cersei, who agrees to join them in fighting the Night King's forces. Bran learns that Jon was born Aegon Targaryen, the legitimate son and heir of Rhaegar Targaryen and Lyanna Stark. Meanwhile, Jon and Daenerys finally give in to their growing attraction for each other and fall into bed together, unaware that they are related by blood.

text: Recognition and awards[edit]

text: Harington was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for the role in 2016.[86][87] He said, "It is a serious understatement to say that I am somewhat stunned ... For my work on Game of Thrones to be recognized in this way is an emotional moment for me. I could not be more humbled."[86] Harington was also nominated for a Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor on Television for the role in 2012, 2016, and 2017.[88][89][90] His other nominations include the Golden Nymph Award for Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series in 2012,[91] the Young Hollywood Award for Actor of the Year in 2013,[92] and the Critics' Choice Television Award for Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series in 2016.[93] IGN also nominated Jon Snow as its Best TV Hero in 2011.[94]