document_title: The Lost World: Jurassic Park

question_text: who played the hunter in jurassic park 2

text: The Lost World: Jurassic Park

text: Plot[edit]

text: On Isla Sorna, an island off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, a young girl named Cathy Bowman wanders around during a family vacation, and survives an attack by a swarm of Compsognathus. Her parents file a lawsuit against the genetics company InGen, now headed by John Hammond's nephew, Peter Ludlow, who plans to use Isla Sorna to alleviate the financial losses imposed by the incident that occurred at Jurassic Park four years earlier. Mathematician Dr. Ian Malcolm meets Hammond at his mansion. Hammond explains that Isla Sorna, abandoned years earlier during a hurricane, is where InGen created their dinosaurs before moving them to Jurassic Park on Isla Nublar. Hammond hopes to stop InGen by sending a team to Isla Sorna to document the dinosaurs, thus causing public support against human interference on the island. Ian, who survived the Jurassic Park disaster, is reluctant. After learning that his girlfriend, paleontologist Dr. Sarah Harding, is part of the team and is already on Isla Sorna, Ian agrees to go to the island, but only to retrieve her.

text: Ian meets his teammates, Eddie Carr, an equipment specialist and engineer, and Nick Van Owen, a video documentarian and activist. After arriving on the island, they locate Sarah and discover that Ian's daughter, Kelly, had stowed away in a trailer being used as a mobile base. They then watch as another InGen team – consisting of mercenaries, hunters, paleontologist Robert Burke, and Ludlow – arrive to capture several dinosaurs, led by big game hunter Roland Tembo, his second-in-command Dieter Stark, and Roland’s hunting partner and friend Ajay Sidhu. Roland hopes to capture a male Tyrannosaurus rex by luring it to the cries of its injured infant. That night, Ian's team sneak into the InGen camp and learn the captured dinosaurs will be brought to a newly proposed theme park in San Diego that abandoned for the islands. This prompts Nick and Sarah to free the caged dinosaurs, wreaking havoc upon the camp.

text: Nick also frees the infant T. rex and takes it to the trailer to mend its broken leg. After securing Kelly with Eddie, Ian realizes the infant's parents are searching for it and rushes to the trailer. As soon as Ian arrives, the infant's parents emerge on both sides of the trailer. The infant is released to the adult T. rexes, which then attack the trailer, pushing it over the edge of a nearby cliff. Eddie soon arrives, but as he tries to pull the trailer back over the edge with an SUV, the adult T. rexes return and devour him. The trailer and the SUV plummet off the cliff. Ian, Sarah, and Nick are rescued by the InGen team, along with Kelly. With both groups' communications equipment and vehicles destroyed, they team up to search for the old InGen compound's radio station on foot. Dieter, after being lost in the forest, is killed by a pack of Compsognathus.

text: The next night, the two adult T. rexes find the group's camp, as they had followed the infant's blood scent on Sarah's jacket. The female T. rex chases the group to a waterfall cave and devours Burke, while Roland tranquilizes the male. Ajay and much of the remaining InGen team is killed by Velociraptors while fleeing through an elephant grass field. Nick runs ahead to the communications center at the InGen Worker's Village to call for rescue. After Ian, Sarah and Kelly reach the village, they evade raptors until a helicopter arrives and transports them off the island.

text: A freighter ship transports the male T. rex to San Diego, but crashes into the dock. After finding the ship's crew killed, a guard opens the cargo hold, accidentally releasing the T. rex, which escapes into the city and goes on a destructive rampage. Ian and Sarah retrieve the infant T. rex from InGen's unfinished Jurassic Park San Diego facility, and use it to lure the adult back to the ship. Ludlow tries to intervene, but is trapped in the cargo hold by the adult T. rex and is subsequently mauled to death by the infant. Before the adult can escape again, Sarah tranquilizes it while Ian closes the cargo hold doors. The T. rexes are escorted back to Isla Sorna, and Hammond says that the American and Costa Rican governments have agreed to declare the island a nature preserve, securing the island from any human interference. While Ian sits safe at home with his family, the T. rexes are seen grazing with their infant as Hammond affirms "life will find a way".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jeff Goldblum as Dr. Ian Malcolm,[5] a mathematician and chaos theorist, and a survivor of the events on Isla Nublar from the first film.
Julianne Moore as Dr. Sarah Harding,[5] a behavioral paleontologist and Ian's girlfriend.
Pete Postlethwaite as Roland Tembo,[5] a big-game hunter from Kenya and the leader of the second InGen team.
Arliss Howard as Peter Ludlow,[5] InGen's current CEO and Hammond's conniving and greedy nephew. He is the main antagonist of the film.
Richard Attenborough as John Hammond,[5] InGen's former CEO and the park's original visionary.
Vince Vaughn as Nick Van Owen,[5] a well-traveled and experienced documentarian and environmentalist.
Vanessa Lee Chester as Kelly Curtis,[5] Ian's teenage daughter from a failed relationship.
Peter Stormare as Dieter Stark,[5] the InGen team's second-in-command, under Roland Tembo.
Harvey Jason as Ajay Sidhu,[5] Roland's immensely loyal and long-time best friend and hunting partner from India.
Richard Schiff as Eddie Carr,[5] a timid and sardonic field equipment expert.
Thomas F. Duffy as Dr. Robert Burke,[5] the InGen team's dinosaur expert.[6][7]
Thomas Rosales Jr. as Carter, an InGen hunter.
Joseph Mazzello as Tim Murphy,[5] John Hammond's grandson, Lex's younger brother and a survivor of the events on Isla Nublar.
Ariana Richards as Lex Murphy,[5] John Hammond's granddaughter, Tim's older sister and a survivor of the events on Isla Nublar.
Camilla Belle as Cathy Bowman, a girl attacked by Compsognathus.[8]
Robin Sachs as Paul Bowman, the father of Cathy Bowman.

tag: ul

text: Creatures on screen[edit]

text: While Jurassic Park featured mostly the animatronic dinosaurs built by Stan Winston's team, The Lost World had a higher emphasis on the computer-generated imagery of Industrial Light & Magic. This led to the film featuring larger shots that offered plenty of space for the digital artists to add the dinosaurs.[9] Although technology had not advanced much since the release of the first film, Spielberg noted that "the artistry of the creative computer people" had advanced: "There's better detail, much better lighting, better muscle tone and movement in the animals. When a dinosaur transfers weight from his left side to his right, the whole movement of fat and sinew is smoother, more physiologically correct."[10]

text: Winston said, "I wanted to show the world what they didn't see in 'Jurassic Park': more dinosaurs and more dinosaur action. 'More, bigger, better' was our motto."[11] Some of the animatronics cost $1 million and weighed nine and a half tons.[10] Michael Lantieri, the special effects supervisor, said, "The big T. rex robot can pull two Gs of force when it's moving from right to left. If you hit someone with that, you'd kill them. So, in a sense, we did treat the dinosaurs as living, dangerous creatures."[11]

text:
Compsognathus, nicknamed "Compies" by Stan Winston's crew, are a small carnivorous theropod which attacks in packs. Visual effects supervisor Dennis Muren considered them the most complex digital dinosaur, given their small size meant the Compys had their whole body visible and thus needed a higher sense of gravity and weight. A simple puppet Compsognathus was featured in the opening scene, and the part where Dieter Stark was killed by the pack had Peter Stormare wearing a jacket onto which various rubber Compies were attached.[9]
Gallimimus was shown fleeing from the InGen Hunters.
Mamenchisaurus was shown in the game trail scene where an InGen hunter drove his motorcycle in-between the sauropod's legs.
Pachycephalosaurus was shown being hunted down by the InGen hunters.
Parasaurolophus was shown being hunted down by the InGen hunters.
Stegosaurus was, according to Spielberg, included "by popular demand". Stan Winston's team built full-sized versions of both the infant and adult Stegosaurus, but Spielberg eventually opted to employ a digital version for the adults so they could be more mobile.[9]
Triceratops was shown being hunted down by the InGen hunters.

text:
Tyrannosaurus is featured as a whole family, with two adults and an infant. Featuring two practical T. rexes required double the work and puppeteers, and also to have the sets built around the animatronics so they would not need to leave the soundstage. The baby T. rex had two different practical versions, a "fully contained" remote controlled version the actors could carry, and a hybrid operated by both hydraulics and cables which lay on the operating table, and had the added complexity of moving as Vince Vaughn held its head.[9]
Velociraptor had a mechanical version which depicted the upper half of its body, and a digital full-motion computer raptor.[12]
Pteranodon makes a brief appearance at the film's end.

text: Production[edit]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: After the release of the novel Jurassic Park in 1990, Michael Crichton was pressured by fans for a sequel novel. Having never written a sequel, he initially refused.[13] While filming the novel's film adaptation, Jurassic Park, director Steven Spielberg believed that if a sequel film were made, it would involve the retrieval of a canister that contained dinosaur DNA and that was lost during the events of the first film.[14] Discussions about a sequel film began after the 1993 release of Jurassic Park, which became a financial success.[13] Spielberg held discussions with David Koepp and Crichton – who both wrote the previous film – to discuss possible ideas for a sequel film.[15] The production schedule for a second Jurassic Park film was dependent on whether Crichton would write a sequel to the first novel.[15]

text: In March 1994, Crichton said there would probably be a sequel novel and sequel film, stating that he had a story idea for another novel, which would then be adapted into a film sequel. By that time, Spielberg had not committed to directing the new novel's film adaptation, as he planned to take a year off from directing.[16] In March 1995, Crichton announced that he was nearly finished writing the novel sequel, scheduled for release later that year, although he declined to specify its title or plot. At the time of the announcement, Spielberg had signed on to produce the film adaptation, with filming to begin in summer 1996 for release in 1997. Spielberg, who was busy with his new DreamWorks studio, had not yet decided if he would direct the film, stating, "I'd love to direct it, but I just have to see. My life is changing."[17] Joe Johnston, who offered to direct the sequel, later directed the next film, Jurassic Park III.[18]

text: A production team was assembled in spring 1995, as Crichton was finishing the second novel, titled The Lost World; simultaneously, Spielberg and Koepp were developing ideas for the screenplay.[19] Crichton's novel was published in September 1995, while Spielberg was announced as director for the film adaptation in November 1995.[20] Production designer Rick Carter traveled to the Caribbean, New Zealand, and Central America to scout possible locations for filming.[19] By February 1996, northern New Zealand had been chosen as a filming location rather than Kauai, Hawaii, where the previous film was shot, as the filmmakers desired to shoot the new film in a different location that would not be recognized from its predecessor.[21] New Zealand was also chosen because it was believed to have better represented an actual dinosaur environment. Crichton had wished for the film to be shot on Kauai.[22]

text: In August 1996, it was announced that Humboldt County, California had been chosen as a filming location instead of New Zealand,[23] where filming would have been too costly.[24] Humboldt County was chosen because of financial incentives that would keep the film's production costs low.[24][25] Other locations that had been considered were Costa Rica and Oregon.[24][23] Filming locations in Humboldt County were to include the redwood forests of Eureka, California.[19] The location was picked because research indicated dinosaurs did not inhabit tropical habitats, but forests like the ones in Eureka.[9]

text: Writing[edit]

text: The plot for Crichton's Lost World novel involved a second island of dinosaurs, with no reference to the canister of dinosaur DNA[14] (the canister was later used as a plot aspect in a rejected early draft for Jurassic Park IV).[26] After the novel was finished, Crichton was not consulted about the sequel, and it was not until he declined to approve certain merchandising rights that he received a copy of the script. Kathleen Kennedy, the film's executive producer who previously produced Jurassic Park, said, "In the same way Michael doesn't see writing as a collaboration, Steven went off and did his own movie. When Michael turned the book over to Steven, he knew his work was finished."[10]

text: Spielberg and Koepp discarded much of the novel's scenes and ideas,[27] choosing to devise a new story instead while including the two ideas from the novel that Spielberg liked: a second island populated with dinosaurs, and a scene in which a trailer dangles from a cliff after being attacked by T. rexes.[10] To prepare for writing the script, Spielberg was more insistent on having Koepp watch the 1925 film, The Lost World, than he was on having him read Crichton's novel, which Koepp also did.[25]

text: During an early meeting with Koepp, Spielberg determined that while the primary conflict of the original film involved herbivorous dinosaurs vs. carnivorous dinosaurs, the script for the new film should involve humans who are "gatherers" (observers of the dinosaurs) and "hunters" (who capture the dinosaurs for a zoo).[25] Koepp said the plot of the 1962 film Hatari! – about African animals being captured for zoos – had "a big influence" on The Lost World's script.[28] Koepp named the characters of Roland Tembo and Nick Van Owen as a reference to one of his favorite songs, "Roland the Headless Thompson Gunner", by Warren Zevon. Koepp said "since Roland is a mercenary in the song, that seemed like a good name for the hunter-for-hire in our movie. While I was at it, I thought it would be fun to make his nemesis' last name Van Owen, like in the song."[29]

text: Crichton's novel revolves around Malcolm's team and a rival team led by InGen's corporate rival, Biosyn, which was written out of the film adaptation in favor of two competing InGen teams.[8] Several characters from the novel were excluded from the film adaptation, including Lewis Dodgson, the leader of the Biosyn team;[30] and field equipment engineer Doc Thorne, whose characteristics were partially implemented into the film's version of Eddie.[8] Spielberg regretted excluding a scene from the script that would have depicted characters on motorcycles attempting to flee velociraptors, similar to a sequence in the novel. An alternate version of the scene was later added into the 2015 film, Jurassic World.[31][32]

text: Dieter's death scene was ultimately inspired by John Hammond's death in the first novel, in which Procompsognathus kill him.[8][33] The film's opening scene was also inspired by an early chapter in the first novel that was ultimately excluded from its film adaptation, in which a girl on a beach is bitten by a Procompsognathus.[33] The first novel also included a scene in which characters hide behind a waterfall from a T. rex; this scene was briefly excluded from the first film as well, and was ultimately added into The Lost World: Jurassic Park.[33] According to paleontologist Jack Horner, the film's technical advisor, part of the waterfall scene was written in as a favor for him by Spielberg. Burke greatly resembles Horner's rival Robert Bakker. In real life, Bakker argues for a predatory T. rex while Horner views it as primarily a scavenger. Spielberg had Burke written into this part to have him killed by the T. rex as a favor for Horner. After the film came out, Bakker, who recognized himself in Burke and loved it, actually sent Horner a message saying, "See, I told you T. rex was a hunter!"[34]

text: In the original script, the film would briefly end with an aerial battle, where Pteranodons attack the helicopter trying to escape Isla Sorna.[12] Three weeks before filming began,[25] Spielberg ultimately suggested to instead have the T. rex's attack through San Diego, as he was interested in seeing dinosaurs attacking the mainland.[12] Spielberg had initially wanted such a scene to be saved for a third film, but later decided to add it into the second film after realizing that he would probably not direct another film in the series.[10] The sequence was inspired by a similar attack scene involving a Brontosaurus in London in the 1925 version of The Lost World, which was adapted from Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's 1912 novel of the same name,[35] both of which inspired the title for Crichton's novel.[36] Koepp wrote a total of nine drafts for the film.[25]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In November 1994, Richard Attenborough said that he would reprise his role as John Hammond from the previous film.[37] In 1995, Spielberg met Vanessa Lee Chester at the premiere of A Little Princess, in which she appeared. Chester later recalled, "As I was signing an autograph for him, he told me one day he'd put me in a film." Spielberg met with Chester the following year to discuss The Lost World: Jurassic Park before ultimately casting her as Malcolm's daughter, Kelly.[38] In April 1996, Julianne Moore was in discussions to star in the film alongside Jeff Goldblum.[39] Spielberg had admired Moore's performance in The Fugitive.[40] In June 1996, Peter Stormare was in final negotiations to join the cast.[41] In August 1996, Vince Vaughn was announced to have joined the cast.[42] Spielberg was impressed with Vaughn's performance in the film Swingers, which he saw after the filmmakers requested his permission to use music from his earlier film, Jaws.[43][44] After meeting with Spielberg, Vaughn was subsequently cast without having to do a screen test.[45]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming began on September 5, 1996, at Fern Canyon, a part of California's Prairie Creek Redwoods State Park. Filming continued for two weeks in other state parks and on private land in northern California, including Eureka. Throughout the fall of 1996, filming continued on stages at Universal Studios Hollywood.[46] The Site B workers village was constructed there and left intact after filming to become a part of the theme park tour.[19] For the scene where a trailer dangles from a cliff, a whole mountainside was built over the structure of Universal's multi-storey car park.[9]

text: In October 1996, it was announced that filming would take place over five days in December at New Zealand's Fiordland National Park,[47][48] where the film's opening sequence was to be shot.[49][50] Scenes involving Hammond's residence were shot during the final week of filming, at Mayfield Senior School in Pasadena, California.[51][40] Also shot in Pasadena was a scene in which Vaughn's character emerges from a lake.[45]

text: In early December 1996, plans to film in Fiordland were abruptly cancelled.[49][50] Principal photography concluded ahead of schedule on December 11, 1996.[46] However, in mid-December 1996, plans were approved to shoot the opening sequence on a beach in Kauai after the cancellation of the New Zealand shoot. Filming in Kauai was underway on December 20, 1996, with plans to conclude two days later. Although Spielberg was in Kauai at the time and had visited the production, the opening sequence was filmed by a second unit crew.[49][50] The film was shot on a budget of $73 million.[3]

text: Although the T. rex's rampage takes place in San Diego, only one scene is actually shot there, where the InGen helicopter flies over the wharf and banks towards the city. The other sequences were all shot in Burbank, California.[12] Scenes set in San Diego were shot behind barricades to maintain secrecy; Spielberg noted that, "It looked like road-repair work was going on."[10] Various members of the film crew were featured running from the Tyrannosaurus, with screenwriter David Koepp playing the "Unlucky Bastard" who gets eaten during a scene set in San Diego.[12]

text: Inspired by how Jurassic Park featured the Ford Explorer, Mercedes-Benz signed an endorsement deal to introduce in the film its first sports utility vehicle, the M320.[52] Spielberg did not allow for rehearsals among the cast, stating, "You want to capture the actors when they taste the words for the first time, when they look at each other for the first time–that's the sort of magic you can only get on a first or second take."[53] Cinematographer Janusz Kamiński, who had worked with Spielberg in Schindler's List, was brought onto the project to give a darker, more artistic look to the film, leading to a "more elegant and rich" approach focused on contrast and shadow.[9]

text: Music[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2015)

tag: table

text: For the sequel, composer John Williams avoided using most of the previous film's main themes, writing a more action oriented score.[54] The soundtrack was released on May 20, 1997. It, along with the soundtrack to the first movie, was re-released and remastered on November 29, 2016.[55]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Lost World: Jurassic Park premiered on May 19, 1997,[56] at a Cineplex Odeon theater in Universal City, California.[57][58] The Los Angeles Times called the premiere "low-key".[58] The film received a wider release on May 23, 1997. Fox Network paid $80 million for the broadcasting rights of The Lost World, which debuted on November 1, 1998.[59] The television version was expanded with deleted scenes, that included John Hammond's ouster by InGen executives.[60]

text: Marketing and promotion[edit]

text: On February 10, 1997, Universal announced a $250 million marketing campaign with 70 promotional partners.[61][62] The marketing campaign was even more extensive than with Jurassic Park. The leading partners were Burger King, whose promotion was concurrent with one for another Universal dinosaur-based franchise, The Land Before Time; JVC and Mercedes-Benz, whose products are featured in the movie; and Timberland Co., making its first film tie-in. Another partner was a then-sister company of Universal under Seagram, Tropicana Products.[61][63] Other promotional partners included Hamburger Helper[64][65] and Betty Crocker,[66] while General Mills introduced Jurassic Park Crunch cereal.[66][67] Derivative works included various video games, including both a pinball machine and an arcade game by Sega,[68] and a four-part comic series released by Topps Comics.[69][70]

text: Other promotional items included a toy line of action figures by Kenner and remote-controlled vehicles by Tyco,[62][71][72] as well as a board game by Milton Bradley Company.[73] Also produced were Hershey's chocolate bars that featured holographic dinosaur patterns.[74][71] Universal hoped for promotional profits to exceed $1 billion.[62]

text: In December 1996, a special version of the film's teaser trailer debuted at 42 theaters in the United States and Canada, at a cost of $14,000 for each theater; the trailer made use of synchronized strobe lights that mimicked lightning during a rain scene.[75] The film's first trailer was aired on January 26, 1997, during Super Bowl XXXI. A detailed website for the film was also created, and provided backstory for characters and events that were not referenced in the film.[76][77] Shortly after the film's release, hackers broke into the website and briefly changed the film's logo to feature a duck instead of a T. rex. The film's title in the logo was also changed to The Duck World: Jurassic Pond.[78] Universal denied that the hacking was a publicity stunt to promote the film, stating that it was traced to a "16-year-old hacker kid from back East."[79][80] The website was still online as of 2018.[77]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film made its VHS and LaserDisc debut on October 21, 1997.[81] The DVD was first released on October 10, 2000, and also made available in a package with predecessor Jurassic Park.[82] The films were also featured in a deluxe limited edition box set featuring both the DVDs and soundtrack albums of the two films, two lenticulars, stills from both films, and a certificate of authenticity signed by all three producers of the set, all inside a collector case.[83] After the release of sequel Jurassic Park III, box sets including all three movies were also made available, as Jurassic Park Trilogy on December 11, 2001,[84] and as the Jurassic Park Adventure Pack on November 29, 2005.[85] The Lost World was first made available on Blu-ray on October 25, 2011 as part of a trilogy release.[86] The entire Jurassic Park film series was released on 4K UHD Blu-Ray on May 22, 2018.[87]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Lost World took in $72.1 million on its opening weekend ($92.6 million for the four-day Memorial Day holiday) in the U.S.,[88] which was the biggest opening weekend at the time,[89] surpassing the previous record-holder Batman Forever at $52.8 million. It held onto this record for four and a half years, until the release of Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone in November 2001. The Lost World took the record for highest single-day box office take of $26.1 million on May 25,[90] a record held until the release of Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace. It also became the fastest film to pass the $100 million mark, achieving the feat in just six days.[91] However, despite these records, its total box office gross fell below the total of the original film.[92] It grossed $229.1 million in the U.S. and $389.5 million internationally, for a total of $618.6 million worldwide,[3] becoming the second highest-grossing film of 1997 behind Titanic. The film sold an estimated 49,910,000 tickets in North America.[93]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 53% based on 68 reviews and an average rating of 5.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The Lost World demonstrates how far CG effects have come in the four years since Jurassic Park; unfortunately, it also proves how difficult it can be to put together a truly compelling sequel."[94] On Metacritic, the film has an average rating of 59/100 based on reviews from 18 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[95]

text: Roger Ebert, who gave the first film three stars, gave The Lost World only two, writing that "It can be said that the creatures in this film transcend any visible signs of special effects and seem to walk the earth, but the same realism isn't brought to the human characters, who are bound by plot conventions and action formulas."[5] Gene Siskel of the Chicago Tribune also gave the film two stars and said, "I was disappointed as much as I was thrilled because 'The Lost World' lacks a staple of Steven Spielberg's adventure films: exciting characters. [...] Even in the original 'Jurassic Park,' the dinosaurs – not to mention the human beings – had more distinct personalities than they have here. Save for superior special effects, 'The Lost World' comes off as recycled material."[96] Conversely, Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times saw improved character development over the original, saying, "It seemed such a mistake in Jurassic Park to sideline early on its most interesting character, the brilliant, free-thinking and outspoken theorist Ian Malcolm (Jeff Goldblum) with a broken leg, but in its most inspired stroke, The Lost World brings back Malcolm and places him front and center," calling it "a pleasure to watch such wily pros as Goldblum and Attenborough spar with each other with wit and assurance".[97] The dinosaurs were even more developed as characters, with Stephen Holden of The New York Times saying, "The Lost World, unlike Jurassic Park, humanizes its monsters in a way that E.T. would understand."[4] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B grade; he remarked, "Mr. T-Rex was cool in the first Spielberg flick, sure, but it wasn't until [it was in] San Diego that things got crazy-cool. It's the old 'tree falling in the woods' conundrum: Unless your giant monster is causing massive property damage, can you really call it a giant monster?"[98]

text: Spielberg confessed that during production he became increasingly disenchanted with the film, admitting, "I beat myself up... growing more and more impatient with myself... It made me wistful about doing a talking picture, because sometimes I got the feeling I was just making this big silent-roar movie... I found myself saying, 'Is that all there is? It's not enough for me.'"[99]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Ref(s)

Academy Awards

March 23, 1998

Best Visual Effects

Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Randal M. Dutra and Michael Lantieri

Nominated

[100]

Blockbuster Entertainment Awards

March 10, 1998

Favorite Actor – Sci-Fi

Jeff Goldblum

Nominated

[101]

Favorite Actress – Sci-Fi

Julianne Moore

Nominated

Golden Raspberry Awards

March 22, 1998

Worst Remake or Sequel

Nominated

[102]

Worst Reckless Disregard for Human Life and Public Property

Nominated

Worst Screenplay

David Koepp, based on the book by Michael Crichton

Nominated

Grammy Awards

February 25, 1998

Best Instrumental Composition

John Williams

Nominated

[103]

Image Awards

February 13–14, 1998

Outstanding Youth Actor/Actress

Vanessa Lee Chester

Nominated

[104]

MTV Movie Awards

May 30, 1998

Best Action Sequence

T-Rex attacks San Diego

Nominated

[105][106]

Rembrandt Awards

1998

Best Director

Steven Spielberg

Won

[citation needed]

Satellite Awards

February 22, 1998

Best Motion Picture – Animated or Mixed Media

Nominated

[107]

Saturn Awards

June 10, 1998

Best Special Effects

Dennis Muren, Stan Winston, Randal M. Dutra and Michael Lantieri

Nominated

[citation needed]

Best Supporting Actor

Pete Postlethwaite

Nominated

Best Young Actress

Vanessa Lee Chester

Nominated

Best Fantasy Film

Nominated

Best DVD Collection

Nominated

Best Director

Steven Spielberg

Nominated

Stinkers Bad Movie Awards

1998

Worst Screenplay for a Film Grossing More Than $100 Million Worldwide Using Hollywood Math

Nominated

[108]

Worst Sequel

Nominated


document_title: Spider web

question_text: what are the different types of spider webs

root

text: Spider web

text: Silk production[edit]

text: When spiders moved from the water to the land in the Early Devonian period, they started making silk to protect their bodies and their eggs.[3][5] Spiders gradually started using silk for hunting purposes, first as guide lines and signal lines, then as ground or bush webs, and eventually as the aerial webs that are familiar today.[6]

tag: p

text: Spiders produce silk from their spinneret glands located at the tip of their abdomen. Each gland produces a thread for a special purpose – for example a trailed safety line, sticky silk for trapping prey or fine silk for wrapping it. Spiders use different gland types to produce different silks, and some spiders are capable of producing up to eight different silks during their lifetime.[7]

text: Most spiders have three pairs of spinnerets, each having its own function – there are also spiders with just one pair and others with as many as four pairs.

text: Webs allow a spider to catch prey without having to expend energy by running it down. Thus it is an efficient method of gathering food. However, constructing the web is in itself an energetically costly process because of the large amount of protein required, in the form of silk. In addition, after a time the silk will lose its stickiness and thus become inefficient at capturing prey. It is common for spiders to eat their own web daily to recoup some of the energy used in spinning. The silk proteins are thus recycled.

text: The tensile strength of spider silk is greater than the same weight of steel and has much greater elasticity. Its microstructure is under investigation for potential applications in industry, including bullet-proof vests and artificial tendons. Researchers have used genetically modified mammals to produce the proteins needed to make this material.[8][9][10]

text: Types[edit]

text: There are a few types of spider webs found in the wild, and many spiders are classified by the webs they weave. Different types of spider webs include:

text:
Spiral orb webs, associated primarily with the family Araneidae, as well as Tetragnathidae and Uloboridae[11]
Tangle webs or cobwebs, associated with the family Theridiidae
Funnel webs, with associations divided into primitive and modern
Tubular webs, which run up the bases of trees or along the ground
Sheet webs

text: Several different types of silk may be used in web construction, including a "sticky" capture silk and "fluffy" capture silk, depending on the type of spider. Webs may be in a vertical plane (most orb webs), a horizontal plane (sheet webs), or at any angle in between. It is hypothesized that these types of aerial webs co-evolved with the evolution of winged insects. As insects are spiders' main prey, it is likely that they would impose strong selectional forces on the foraging behavior of spiders.[3][12] Most commonly found in the sheet-web spider families, some webs will have loose, irregular tangles of silk above them. These tangled obstacle courses serve to disorient and knock down flying insects, making them more vulnerable to being trapped on the web below. They may also help to protect the spider from predators such as birds and wasps.[13]

text: Orb web construction[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2011) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Most orb weavers construct webs in a vertical plane, although there are exceptions, such as Uloborus diversus, which builds a horizontal web.[14] During the process of making an orb web, the spider will use its own body for measurements.

text: Many webs span gaps between objects which the spider could not cross by crawling. This is done by first producing a fine adhesive thread to drift on a faint breeze across a gap. When it sticks to a surface at the far end, the spider feels the change in the vibration. The spider reels in and tightens the first strand, then carefully walks along it and strengthens it with a second thread. This process is repeated until the thread is strong enough to support the rest of the web.

text: After strengthening the first thread, the spider continues to make a Y-shaped netting. The first three radials of the web are now constructed. More radials are added, making sure that the distance between each radial and the next is small enough to cross. This means that the number of radials in a web directly depends on the size of the spider plus the size of the web. It is common for a web to be about 20 times the size of the spider building it.

text: After the radials are complete, the spider fortifies the center of the web with about five circular threads. It makes a spiral of non-sticky, widely spaced threads to enable it to move easily around its own web during construction, working from the inside outward. Then, beginning from the outside and moving inward, the spider methodically replaces this spiral with a more closely spaced one made of adhesive threads. It uses the initial radiating lines as well as the non-sticky spirals as guide lines. The spaces between each spiral and the next are directly proportional to the distance from the tip of its back legs to its spinners. This is one way the spider uses its own body as a measuring/spacing device. While the sticky spirals are formed, the non-adhesive spirals are removed as there is no need for them any more.

text: After the spider has completed its web, it chews off the initial three center spiral threads then sits and waits. If the web is broken without any structural damage during the construction, the spider does not make any initial attempts to rectify the problem.

text: The spider, after spinning its web, then waits on or near the web for a prey animal to become trapped. The spider senses the impact and struggle of a prey animal by vibrations transmitted through the web. A spider positioned in the middle of the web makes for a highly visible prey for birds and other predators, even without web decorations; many day-hunting orb-web spinners reduce this risk by hiding at the edge of the web with one foot on a signal line from the hub or by appearing to be inedible or unappetizing.

text: Spiders do not usually adhere to their own webs, because they are able to spin both sticky and non-sticky types of silk, and are careful to travel across only non-sticky portions of the web. However, they are not immune to their own glue. Some of the strands of the web are sticky, and others are not. For example, if a spider has chosen to wait along the outer edges of its web, it may spin a non-sticky prey or signal line to the web hub to monitor web movement. However, in the course of spinning sticky strands, spiders have to touch these sticky strands. They do this without sticking by using careful movements, dense hairs and nonstick coatings on their feet to prevent adhesion.[15]

text: Uses[edit]

text: Some species of spider do not use webs for capturing prey directly, instead pouncing from concealment (e.g. trapdoor spiders) or running them down in open chase (e.g. wolf spiders). The net-casting spider balances the two methods of running and web spinning in its feeding habits. This spider weaves a small net which it attaches to its front legs. It then lurks in wait for potential prey and, when such prey arrives, lunges forward to wrap its victim in the net, bite and paralyze it. Hence, this spider expends less energy catching prey than a primitive hunter such as the wolf spider. It also avoids the energy loss of weaving a large orb web.

text: Some spiders manage to use the signaling-snare technique of a web without spinning a web at all. Several types of water-dwelling spiders rest their feet on the water's surface in much the same manner as an orb-web user. When an insect falls onto the water and is ensnared by surface tension, the spider can detect the vibrations and run out to capture the prey.

text: Uses by humans[edit]

text: Cobweb paintings, which began during the 16th century in a remote valley of the Austrian Tyrolean Alps, were created on fabrics consisting of layered and wound cobwebs, stretched over cardboard to make a mat, and strengthened by brushing with milk diluted in water. A small brush was then used to apply watercolor to the cobwebs, or custom tools to create engravings. Fewer than a hundred cobweb paintings survive today, most of which are held in private collections.[16]

text: In traditional European medicine, cobwebs were used on wounds and cuts and seem to help healing and reduce bleeding.[17] Spider webs are rich in vitamin K, which can be effective in clotting blood. Webs were used several hundred years ago as gauze pads to stop an injured person's bleeding.[18]

text: Spider web strands have been used for crosshairs or reticles in telescopes.[19]

text: Development of technologies to mass-produce spider silk has led to manufacturing of prototype military protection, medical devices, and consumer goods.[20]

text: Adhesive properties[edit]

text: The stickiness of spiders' webs is courtesy of droplets of glue suspended on the silk threads. This glue is multifunctional – that is, its behavior depends on how quickly something touching it attempts to withdraw. At high velocities, they function as an elastic solid, resembling rubber; at lower velocities, they simply act as a sticky glue. This allows them to retain a grip on attached food particles.[21] The web is also electrically conductive which causes the silk threads to spring out to trap their quarry, as flying insects tend to gain a static charge which attracts the silk.[22]

text: Communal spider webs[edit]

text: Occasionally, a group of spiders may build webs together in the same area.

text: Massive flooding in Pakistan during the 2010 monsoon drove spiders above the waterline, into trees. The result was trees covered with spider webs.[23]

text: One such web, reported in 2007 at Lake Tawakoni State Park in Texas, measured 200 yards (180 m) across. Entomologists believe it may be the result of social cobweb spiders or of spiders building webs to spread out from one another. There is no consensus on how common this occurrence is.[24]

text: Outside influences[edit]

text: Administering certain drugs to spiders affects the structure of the webs they build. It has been proposed by some that this could be used as a method of documenting and measuring the toxicity of various substances.[25][26]

text: Low gravity[edit]

text: It has been observed that being in Earth's orbit has an effect on the structure of spider webs in space.[27]

text: Spider webs were spun in low earth orbit in 1973 aboard Skylab, involving two female European garden spiders (cross spiders) called Arabella and Anita, as part of an experiment on the Skylab 3 mission.[28] The aim of the experiment was to test whether the two spiders would spin webs in space, and, if so, whether these webs would be the same as those that spiders produced on Earth. The experiment was a student project of Judy Miles of Lexington, Massachusetts.[28]

text: After the launch on July 28, 1973, and entering Skylab, the spiders were released by astronaut Owen Garriott into a box that resembled a window frame.[28] The spiders proceeded to construct their web while a camera took photographs and examined the spiders' behavior in a zero-gravity environment. Both spiders took a long time to adapt to their weightless existence. However, after a day, Arabella spun the first web in the experimental cage, although it was initially incomplete.

text: The web was completed the following day. The crew members were prompted to expand the initial protocol. They fed and watered the spiders, giving them a house fly.[29] The first web was removed on August 13 to allow the spider to construct a second web. At first, the spider failed to construct a new web. When given more water, it built a second web. This time, it was more elaborate than the first. Both spiders died during the mission, possibly from dehydration.[28]

text: When scientists were given the opportunity to study the webs, they discovered that the space webs were finer than normal Earth webs, and although the patterns of the web were not totally dissimilar, variations were spotted, and there was a definite difference in the characteristics of the web. Additionally, while the webs were finer overall, the space web had variations in thickness in places: some places were slightly thinner, and others slightly thicker. This was unusual, because Earth webs have been observed to have uniform thickness.[30]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Spider webs play a crucial role in the children's novel Charlotte's Web. Webs are also featured in many other cultural depictions of spiders. In films, illustration, and other visual arts, spider webs may be used to readily suggest a "spooky" atmosphere, or imply neglect or the passage of time. Artificial "spider webs" are a common element of Halloween decorations. Spider webs are a common image in tattoo art, often symbolizing long periods of time spent in prison, or used simply to fill gaps between other images.[31]

text: Some observers believe that a small spider is depicted on the United States one-dollar bill, in the upper-right corner of the front side (obverse), perched on the shield surrounding the number "1". This perception is enhanced by the resemblance of the background image of intertwining fine lines to a stylized spider web. However, other observers believe the figure is an owl.[32]

text: Artificial spider webs are used by the superhero Spider-Man to restrain enemies and to make ropes on which to swing between buildings as quick transportation.

text: The World Wide Web is thus named because of its tangled and interlaced structure, said to resemble that of a spider web.

text: The notable tensile strength of spider webs is often exaggerated in science fiction, often as a plot device to justify the presence of artificially giant spiders.


document_title: Inflight smoking

question_text: when did they ban smoking on international flights

text: Inflight smoking

text: The examples and perspective in this article deal primarily with the United States and do not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Inflight smoking is prohibited by almost all airlines. Smoking on domestic U.S. airliners, for instance, was banned on all domestic flights with a duration of two hours or less beginning in 1988, with all planes being smoke-free by the end of the 1990s.[1] According to FAA regulations, smoking lit cigarettes or anything else that produces smoke or flame is prohibited onboard most commercial aircraft.[2] As of October 2015, the USDOT prohibits the use of electronic cigarettes on flights, as well as such devices from being transported in checked luggage.[3]

text: Advocate Ralph Nader was among the first to call for a smoking ban on airlines. United Airlines was the first to implement a nonsmoking section, in 1971.[4] However, both tobacco companies and airlines fought any regulation.[4] Significantly, the Civil Aeronautics Board banned and then unbanned smoking in 1984, with chairman Dan McKinnon saying, "Philosophically, I think nonsmokers have rights, but it comes into market conflict with practicalities and the realities of life."[5] After years of debate over health concerns,[6][7] Congressional action in 1987 led to a ban on inflight smoking.[8][9][10][11]

text: The U.S. ban on inflight smoking began with domestic flights of two hours or less in April 1988,[12][13][14] extended to domestic flights of six hours or less in February 1990,[15][16][17] and to all domestic and international flights in 2000.[18][19][20] The 1990 ban applied only to the passengers and the cabin of the aircraft and not the flight deck. Pilots were allowed to continue smoking after the 1990 ban due to concerns over potential flight safety issues caused by nicotine withdrawal in chronic smokers.[21]

text: Normally, passengers found to be smoking on non-smoking flights will at least face a fine (up to $5,000) and at worst be arrested and detained upon landing. Due to stringent security measures, this often causes disruption such as having to land the flight early in order to escort the smoker from the plane.

text: Such regulations have on occasion met with defiance; in 2010 a Qatari diplomat was arrested upon arrival at Denver International Airport for smoking in the onboard lavatory on United Airlines Flight 663 and for making threats; when confronted by airline staff, he jokingly suggested that he was attempting to set his shoes on fire.[22] On February 3, 2013, a family of four were accused of smoking during a Sunwing Airlines flight from Halifax to the Dominican Republic. They caused the flight to make an emergency landing at Bermuda L.F. Wade International Airport. The two eldest of the family were arrested by Bermuda Police Service and subsequently sentenced to a $500 fine or 10 days in prison.[23][24]

text: Due to the ubiquitous prohibition of in-flight smoking and the increasingly widespread use of electronic devices, the illuminated no-smoking signs have sometimes been re-purposed to inform passengers to switch devices off for take-off and landing. Where this is the case, the no-smoking sign is permanently printed on the overhead panels.[citation needed]


document_title: Cabinet of Malawi

question_text: who is the minister of transport in malawi

text: Cabinet of Malawi

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (May 2017)

text:
Malawi

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
Malawi

Constitution[show]

Human rights

Government[show]

President (list)

Peter Mutharika

Vice-President

Saulos Chilima

Cabinet

Legislature[show]

National Assembly

Speaker: Richard Msowoya

Elections[show]

General

1964 1971 1976 1978 1983 1987 1992 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014

Referendums

1993

Political parties

Administrative divisions[show]

Regions
Districts

Foreign relations[show]

Minister of Foreign Affairs
Diplomatic missions

of Malawi
to Malawi

Passport

Visa requirements

National symbols[show]

Flag
Anthem

Other countries
Atlas

v
t
e

text: The Cabinet of Malawi is the executive branch of the government, made up of the President, Vice President, Ministers and Deputy Ministers responsible for the different departments.[1]

text: Current Cabinet[edit]

text:
Party key

Democratic Progressive Party

United Democratic Front

text:
Cabinet of Malawi: June 2014 – Present[2]

Portrait
Portfolio
Incumbent
Term began

President
Minister of Defence
Commander-in-chief of the Armed and Police forces

H.E. Peter Mutharika
31 May 2014 –

Vice President
Minister for Civil Service

Rt. Hon. Saulos Chilima
31 May 2014 –

Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation

Hon. Allan Chiyembekeza MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Education, Science and Technology

Hon. Emmanuel Fabiano MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Finance, Economic Planning and Development

Hon. Goodall Gondwe
06 June 2014 –

Minister of Foreign Affairs and International cooperation

Hon. George Chaponda MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Gender, Children, Disability and Social Welfare

Hon. Patricia Kaliati MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Health

Hon. Peter Kumpalume MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Home Affairs

Hon. Paul Chibingu MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Information, Tourism and Civic Education

Hon. Kondwani Nankhumwa MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs

Hon. Samuel Tembenu
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Labour

Hon. Henry Mussa MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Lands, Housing and Urban Development

Hon. Bright Msaka
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Local Government and Rural Development

Hon. Trasizio Gowelo MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Natural Resources, Energy and Mining

Hon. Atupele Muluzi MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Trade and Industry

Hon. Joseph Mwanamveka MP
23 June 2014 –

Minister of Transport and Public works

Hon. Francis Kasaila MP
19 June 2014 –

Minister of Youth, Sports and Culture

Hon. Grace Chiumia MP
19 June 2014 –

Deputy Ministers

Deputy Minister of Defence

Hon. Jappie Mhango MP
23 June 2014 –

Deputy Minister of Education Science and Technology

Hon. Vincent Ghambi MP
23 June 2014 –


document_title: Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!

question_text: real name of anguri in bhabhi ji ghar par hai

text: Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!

text: Plot[edit]

text: The show takes place in the fictional "Modern Colony" located in Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India and revolves around two neighbouring couples. Both the husbands are fed up with their respective marriages and are smitten by each other's wives, unbeknownst to each other. Manmohan Tiwari is a successful undergarment businessman, whose wife Angoori is a simple and naive housewife. Their neighbour, Vibhuti Narayan Mishra, used to be an unsuccessful insurance agent and is now unemployed. Often called as "Nalla" (a slang for being unemployed), he spends most of his time doing household chores. On the other hand, his wife Anita is a headstrong, smart and modern day lady who runs grooming classes. She is the breadwinner of the family and despises her husband's unemployment and sheer laziness.

text: Their houses are in opposite directions across the street, wherein the Tiwaris reside in House no. 6 and the Mishras live in House no. 9. The Tiwaris have their own house while the Mishras live in a rental house that belonged to Anita's uncle. Most of the plot takes place at their respective homes. The characters also visit a nearby tea stall 'Gupta Tea Center' where they mostly discuss their ongoing lives and general affairs.

text: As both the men devise schemes to impress each other's wives, they pull each other down and in-turn, create problematic situations for everybody else. Other recurring characters include Amma Ji (Manmohan Tiwari's strict mother), Ladoo (Manmohan Tiwari's little brother), Happu Singh (A corrupt Police Inspector), Anokhelal Saxena (A crazy man with genius level skills and a love for electric shocks), Teeka and Malkhan (two rowdy boys), Tillu (Tiwari's shop employee), Prem Choudhary (Vibhuti's rich but dubious friend), Gulfam Kali (Kanpur's best courtesan), David Mishra (Vibhuti's rich NRI uncle from UK), Pelu Chaurasia (Rickshaw puller of the locality) and many more.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Aashif Sheikh as Vibhuti Ahuti Narayan Mishra, the unemployed husband of Anita Mishra. Often called 'Nalla' for being jobless, which has become a running gag on the show, he has fallen for the simple-minded Angoori Tiwari. He is known to be highly educated but still won't do a regular job out of his ego. His plans to woo Angoori usually fail due to her naivety and this puts him in dire situations. He has a best friend in Prem Chaudhary, with whom he hangs out and sometimes devices schemes to earn money through odd ways. He hates Manmohan Tiwari because he thinks Tiwari doesn't deserve a wife like Angoori who puts him above anything else. He has tried numerous times to degrade Tiwari's image in front of Angoori to negative results. Although he claims to be 'Chhapra University Topper', his Uncle David Mishra revealed that he bought the degree for him during his college.
Rohitash Gaud as Manmohan Tiwari, a successful undergarments businessman, who is attracted to the modern and elegant Anita Mishra. He is called 'Kaccha-Baniyaan' (crude words for undergarments) by Vibhuti because he thinks Tiwari's business is disgraceful. He is known to be petty and stingy yet a very cunning person. He always tries to manipulate situations in his favour, sometimes to impress Anita Mishra, with little to no success. He has a love-hate relationship with his overtly dominating mother and gets irritated whenever Angoori follows his mother's wishes blindly, even if it gets him in peril. He gets very defensive whenever Vibhuti asks him about his mother's connections to Pundit Ramphal or about his father who is said to have become a sage in the Himalayas.
Shilpa Shinde as Angoori Manmohan Tiwari (March 2015 – March 2016) – Shinde left the series after a dispute with the series' producer, Binaifer Kohli and former channel head Vikas Gupta.[10]
Shubhangi Atre Poorey as Angoori Manmohan Tiwari – In  April 2016, Atre replaced Shinde in the role of Angoori from episode 301 onwards. She is a traditional Indian housewife who likes to wear lehenga style saree, sindoor and mangalasutra and has a Bhojpuri accent.[11] Being a simple, naive and loving women who easily believe anybody and everybody, she is very kind-hearted and innocent by nature. She performs various superstitious rituals sometimes told to her by her loving mother in law which leads to hilarious outcomes. She cooks the most delicious food. She usually speaks English words incorrectly, leading to everybody around her correcting her vocabulary, which she follows by her now iconic line "sahi pakde hai" (you have caught it right as if you got the meaning right) to acknowledge that the person understood what she was trying to say.[12] When she gets upset with Tiwari, she calls her mother-in-law known as Amma Ji. Sometimes, Angoori also insults Vibhuti in her own innocent ways. She has a good friendship with Anita.
Saumya Tandon as Anita Vibhuti Narayan Mishra, an elegant modern day lady who runs her grooming classes in Kanpur. She is a headstrong and smart lady. She is a black belt in karate. Vibhuti's unemployment really irritates her which is why she dominates him over every issue. To fulfill her romantic fantasies, she constantly forces Vibhuti to perform various characters like a thief, a robber, a college stud, a painter, a dacoit, an electrician, a cop among many others which most of the times frustrates him. She frequently taunts Vibhuti by comparing him with Manmohan Tiwari, which he hates. Whenever she gets upset over Vibhuti's antics, she throws him out of the house. She has a good friendship with Angoori. Anita often reads a magazine named  'Meri Chant Saheli'  (My Clever Girlfriend) published by Kalavati Sharma, who speaks for women's empowerment and tries various tips and tricks from the magazine to test Vibhuti's loyalty towards herself.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Yogesh Tripathi as Daroga Happu Singh, a corrupt Daroga (police inspector) who has a secret crush on Anita whom he calls 'Gori Mem' (meaning "Fair Ma'am"). He demands bribes from everybody in exchange for favours from him (and calls them "nyochhaavar" which means sacrifices) much to the chagrin of the residents, to feed his "nine kids" and a "pregnant wife" although nobody believes him as he has been saying that for years now. He yearns for a promotion, but Police Commissioner Resham Pal always gets in his way. He is very short tempered and most of the time he is seen thrashing Tillu, Tika & Malkhan at the tea stall for their antics.
Saanand Verma as Anokhelal Saxena, more popularly known as Saxena Ji, a genius and talented but aptly crazy man with an obsession of electrocuting himself, getting tortured and eating almost anything that is poisonous or unhealthy, like lizard soup and cockroach tea. He usually expresses his joy of madness by saying his iconic "I Like It!!". Over the course of the show, he is shown to possess various talents like being a lawyer, an artist, an actor, a writer, a singer etc. It has never been clearly acknowledged on the show as to why he went mad in the first place.
Kishore Bhanushali as Resham Pal Singh, the Commissioner of Kanpur Police Department. He is known to be an honest and straightforward man who dislikes Happu Singh. He is a secret admirer of Gulfam Kali. Actor Kishore Bhanushali has been a lifelong impersonator of a late Indian film actor Dev Anand and he brings his characteristics to this role. He has also appeared as another character 'Sharma Uncle' in a 1-hour horror special episode previously before taking on this character later.
Vaibhav Mathur as Teeka Ram, a dim-wit unemployed guy, who always hangs out with Tillu and Malkhaan. He along with the other two share a rented place to live but have been kicked out of it several times by their landlord for flirting with his daughter.
Deepesh Bhan as Malkhan, an equally dim-witted guy like Teeka, always looking out to woo girls with bad results. He along with the other two are always seen trying to make easy money through odd jobs like kidnapping, selling stolen items, frauds etc. but are often caught and jailed. He is often seen in flirting sessions with girls which end with him and Teeka getting beaten by the girls or Daroga Happu Singh.
Salim Zaidi as Tillu, Tiwari's shop employee who constantly plots against him so as to get back his 6 months unpaid salary. Although dim-witted, he is relatively more intelligent than Tika and Malkhan. He has taken severe measures to extort his salary out of his boss's pocket like robbing Tiwari's house, threat calls and kidnapping Tiwari's younger brother etc., but circumstances always turn against him and he is left empty-handed.
Soma Rathod as Ramkali Tiwari (Amma Ji), Tiwari's strict mother who constantly beats him for every mistake and loves her daughter-in-law, Angoori. It was revealed by Manmohan Tiwari that his father left her mother before his birth and that his birth was kept as a secret for some time due to certain unknown circumstances. Amma Ji is an avid follower of a famous astrologer and priest, Pundit Ramphal. He tells her various rituals which in turn Amma Ji makes Angoori perform to get health and wealth-related benefits. There are several hints given in the show that point at Pundit Ramphal being Manmohan Tiwari's actual biological father, but this has never been fully explored.
Falguni Rajani as Gulfam Kali, an infamous tawaif (courtesan) of Kanpur. Every male character has visited her place at some point in the show to admire her dance and beauty, except Saxena Ji who considers Gulfam Kali his sister. She is known to manipulate the men of the show because she knows secrets about every man that she knows and threatens to reveal them if they won't do her bidding. Although the women of the show do not like her presence, they do treat her with respect.
Vishwajeet Soni as Prem Chaudhary, Vibhuti's best friend who is a foul-mouthed cunning show-off, much to Vibhuti's ire. He comes from a rich background and deals in several illegal activities like gambling, smuggling etc. Despite all this, he is always there to help Vibhuti in rough times and often hangs out with him. He is disliked by Anita because she fears that Vibhuti might become a criminal in his influence.
Akshay Patil as Pelu Chaurasia, the colony's mute rickshaw puller. He communicates by pulling out message slips out of his muffler tied around his head. He is known for being a rather smart person. He ends conversations through his signature 'wide awkward smile'. He also carries a portable radio, providing songs appropriate to often hilarious situations.
Anup Upadhyay as David Mishra, Vibhuti's UK based rich uncle who always visits him in awkward situations. He is known to be very rich although his business is unknown. Whenever he visits Vibhuti, he brings papers to his ₹20 crore property, so he can name Vibhuti his heir. But, due to one reason or another, he and sometimes others too tear the papers apart to pieces. He often asks Pelu "London mein taxi chalaega?" (Would You Like To Drive Taxi in London?) whenever he comes to Kanpur as he likes his company.
Jeetu Gupta as Dr. Gupta, a doctor who is basically a "tantrik", as he always tells people. He performs black magic on his patients to cure them because his prescriptions never work.
Rakesh Bedi as Bhoorey Lal, Angoori's alcoholic but loving father, who hates Tiwari for marrying her by lying about his profession. He likes Vibhuti and sometimes when he's drunk, he mumbles about preferring him as his son-in-law if he would have found him sooner, much to the dismay of Tiwari.
Hardik Gohil as Laddoo Tiwari is the younger brother of Manmohan Tiwari and Ramkali's younger son. He favours his sister-in-law, Angoori more than his own brother and thinks of her as his second mother, as he would call her, 'Bhabhi Ma'. He is known to have a subtle-telepathic ability and could hear what others are thinking whenever they are around.
Anup Kumar Singh as Pundit Ramphal, the famous astrologer and priest whom Ammaji blindly follows and gets ideas from him for various superstitious rituals to get health and wealth-related benefits. He has also appeared as various other characters before and after, such as govt. officials such as CBI officer, IT officer and TTE Namepal Singh from Episodes 474 to 476.
Naveen Bawa as various characters, including businessman Bhushan Bhabhuta from Bhabhuta Builders in Episodes 276 to 278 and Anita's American cousin brother Mark Shutermurgh in Episodes 682 through 686.
Feroz as Chhedi, a flirting Dhobi (washerman) of the locality.
Sohit Vijay Soni as News Anchor and also as Various Characters.
Rajeev Mehra as various characters including Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh.

text: Guests[edit]

text:
Manoj Santoshi (writer of Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain!) appeared as Balushankar Khasoute in episodes 408-410 of 'Sangeet Hi Jeevan Hai' story arc where he tries to flirt with Angoori. He appeared again in episodes 790-791 of 'Kanpur To Goa' as a Don of Goa after Tiwari and Vibhuti flirt with his sisters.
Sandeep Anand as Puttan, Angoori's brother who is a thief.
Manju Brijnandan Sharma as Manju Ahuti Narayan Mishra, Mother of Vibhuti.
Liliput as Maamulal Chaurasiya, Vibhuti's Mamaji (Mother's brother) who is suffering from hemorrhoids and is led to believe that Vibhuti is a doctor.
Navin Prabhakar as Kavi (Poet) Pramod Pralay Jhangirabadi, a mentally unstable poet who is in love with Anita since college days. He again appeared briefly as a short-tempered musician Jaleel Chaudhary.[13]
Ranveer Singh (Episode: 209) - for promotion of Bajirao Mastani
Arjun Kapoor (Episode: 285) - for promotion of Ki & Ka
Ritesh Deshmukh, Vivek Oberoi and Urvashi Rautela (Episode: 363) - for promotion of Great Grand Masti
Brett Lee (Episode: 381) - for promotion of UnIndian
Sunny Leone  (Episodes: 417-421) - as part of Bhabi ji Ghar Par Hai!: Sunny Leone Special
Shaan (Episode: 466) - for promotion of The Voice India (Season 2)
Akshay Kumar (Episode: 510) - for promotion of Jolly LLB 2
Varun Dhawan and Alia Bhatt (Episode: 530) - for the promotion of Badrinath Ki Dulhania
Anushka Sharma (Episode: 540) - for promotion of Phillauri
Akshay Kumar (Episode: 639) - for the promotion of Toilet: Ek Prem Katha (as part of Bhabi ji Ghar Par Hai!: Toilet Special)
Ayushmann Khurrana and Kriti Sanon (Episode: 645) - for promotion of Bareilly Ki Barfi
Varun Dhawan (Episode: 671) - for promotion of Judwaa 2
Nitin Goswami (Episode: 692) - for promotion of Siddhi Vinayak
Lara Dutta and Ahmed Khan (Episode: 806) - for promotion of reality dance show "High Fever - Dance Ka Naya Tevar".[14]
Krushna Abhishek and Nazia Hussain (Episode: 877) - for promotion of 'Teri Bhabhi Hai Pagle'.[15]

text: Background and production[edit]

text: Development and writing[edit]

text:
After the successful launch of &pictures in November 2014, the ZEEL network went ahead with its plan to launch the second channel under the "&" network brand, titled "&tv", to be launched in March 2015.[16]
The channel's original content lineup was announced in early 2015 with "Bhabiji..." being one of them, announced as a light-hearted comedy sitcom. Promos were aired on all of ZEE network with an aggressive marketing strategy. The channel intended to place "Bhabiji..." in a late night slot as a comedy show for adults.[17]

text: In a 2016 interview, one of the lead actors Rohitash Gaud cited that the show was initially developed as an adult comedy show for the male viewers. He said, "We show (adult jokes) in a very subtle way. We made this show for men. We were not focusing on women or children. But when we saw that children were getting attached to it, then we thought of lowering down the naughty element of the show".[18]

text: About Angoori's catchphrase "Sahi Pakde Hai", director Shashank Bali recalled that they came up with the idea after the first day of the shoot, when the show's writer and his close friend Manoj Santoshi called him and asked him if they can give Angoori a catchphrase, for whenever her English would go wrong, she would say that. He further told that the way Santoshi said ‘Sahi Pakde Hai’ excited him very much. The next day, they both met Shinde and requested her to get familiar with the dialogue and after that, Shinde did it effortlessly and it became a mainstay of the show.[19]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Before the show went into production, Rashmi Desai was chosen to play the character of 'Angoori'. But Desai rejected the role because of age differences between her and co-actor Rohitash Gaud and the role went to Shilpa Shinde.[20] Actor Aasif Sheikh has revealed that before the production of the show started, he suggested the makers to cast Shilpa Shinde, when he heard about the character of 'Angoori' for the first time.[21] After one year in April 2016,[22] approximately 80 actresses auditioned for the role of Angoori and Shubhangi Atre was selected after the unexpected exit of Shinde from the series.[23]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The set of Bhabiji Ghar Par Hain! is located in Naigaon.[4][5][6]

text: In October 2016,[24] film actress Sunny Leone came in for a sequence shoot on the set of Bhabiji Ghar Par Hai!. While on set, she refused to say Angoori's catchphrase 'Sahi Pakade Hain' (which means 'You Have Caught It Right') as she thought it has a vulgar meaning. It took approximately one hour for the makers to convince her that Angoori says this line in literal context and has no vulgar meaning to it and the shoot was resumed.[25]

text: In March 2018, the entire show cast and crew went to Goa, a popular beach holiday destination in South-West India to celebrate 3rd year anniversary of the show and shot an entire story sequence named 'Kanpur To Goa'.[26]

text: Music[edit]

text:
The "BhabiJi Rap Song", sung,
composed and written by Anmol Malik and Raftaar. The soundtrack for the serial was released on 25 February 2017 by Zee Music Company.[27]

text: Themes and analysis[edit]

text: The show, while having an adult premise as compared to most other Indian TV shows, has tried to defy the general expections and gender equality from a female character on the show, according to one of the female lead Saumya Tandon. While explaining the norms of Indian television industry, she said:

text: I play ‘Gori Mem’ Anita Bhabhi’s character. I feel she one-of-a-kind Bhabhi on Indian TV. When all the heroines of Indian TV are poor innocent women crying for help all the time, battered by husbands and in-laws, Anita is wacky, bold, romantic, strong and independent. She breaks all norms of a stereotypical Bhabhi or a TV heroine. In such a male-dominated society if she has managed to steal peoples hearts, that shows our society is not all that regressive. She has shown the world that heroines can get TRPs even laughing and not just by crying.[28]

text: Specials[edit]

text:
In November 2016 The show was extended by one more day, named "Bhabiji Ghar Par Hai Shanivaar Special" in which celebrities visit the sets.[29]
Shanivaar Special episodes were aired on Saturdays, with celebrity guest stars appearing as part of plot woven around them and subsequently interviewed by main cast. An additional episode, called '1 Hour Horror Special' was aired in 2017 which didn't featured any celebrity. The specials ran for 10 episodes.

text:
Episode 1: Govinda
Episode 2: Karan Singh Grover and Bipasha Basu
Episode 3: Ranjeet and Shakti Kapoor
Episode 4: Kumar Sanu and Alka Yagnik
Episode 5: Ravi Kishen
Episode 6: Jimmy Shergill
Episodes 7 & 8: Jackie Shroff
Episode 9: New Year Special, featuring actors from various TV shows of &TV
Episode 10: Horror Special, 1 Hour Special

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Since the show's inception in 2015, it has garnered positive reviews and acclaim from the critics and viewers alike.[30] In 2015, TVR ratings confirmed that Bhabiji Ghar Par Hai! got higher viewership than the popular reality show Bigg Boss, which had the same time-slot and hosted by actor Salman Khan.[2] Bhabiji Ghar Par Hai! is one of the most watched sitcoms in Pakistan.[31]

text: In a 2016 interview, the show's director Shashank Bali have acknowledged that when Shilpa Shinde left the show and Shubhangi Atre was roped in for the role of 'Angoori', the show's ratings went down. He said, "Viewers were so involved with the original cast. When Shilpa got replaced, the connection broke with the viewers; hence we dropped in numbers. Now we have again recovered the original rating".[19]

text: According to the TellyChakkar.com, "Bhabhiji Ghar Par Hai! is still at the top in the TRP charts. The show which never fails to impress the audience with its rib-tickling comedy and talented actors is one of the most loved shows on Indian television".[32]

text: In 2017, the show became questionable for its publicity when co-actress of the show, Shilpa Shinde participated in Bigg Boss. The reporter asked a question during an interview of co-actor of the show Aasif Sheikh that, is the show is receiving lots of fame because of Shilpa Shinde participation in Bigg Boss 11? Aasif Sheikh replied to the statement of a reporter by saying, "Our show is doing good, which is what matters. Publicity is publicity whether it is good or bad".[33]

text: According to the report of Daily News and Analysis, Bhabiji Ghar Par Hai! is a top ranking sitcom on local primetime television.[34] In 2018, union minister Kiren Rijiju in his tweet, inform that he and his wife are enthusiastic followers of Bhabhiji Ghar Par Hai![34]

text: Catchphrase of the character of Angoori Bhabi "Sahi Pakade Hain" (You Have Caught It Right), Vibhuti's "I am sarry...I'm really...really...sarry" (I am sorry) and that of Saxena Ji's "I Like It!" have become popular from the show.[35][36][37] Given the show's popularity, in 2017, it was reported that the show will be adapted for British and Anglo-Spanish Audience, produced by ZEE Studios under the title 'Love Thy Neighbor'.[38]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year

Nominee/work

Award

Result

2015
Shilpa Shinde
Best Actress In A Comic Role
Won[39]

Saumya Tandon
Nominated[39]

Rohitash Gaud
Best Actor In A Comic Role
Won[39]

Aashif Sheikh
Nominated[39]

Shashank Bali
Best Director (Sitcom)
Won[39]

Manoj Santoshi
Best Dialogue Writer (Sitcom or Comedy)

Raghuvir Shekhawat
Best Screenplay Writer (Sitcom/Comedy)

text:
Year

Nominee/work

Award

Result

2016
Shubhangi Atre
Best Actress – Comedy
Won[40]

Saumya Tandon
Nominated

Aashif Sheikh
Best Actor – Comedy
Won[40]

Rohitash Gaud
Nominated

Shashank Bali
Best Director – Comedy (Jury)
Won[40]

Manoj Santoshi
Best Dialogues (Jury)

text:
Year

Nominee/work

Award

Result

2018
Shubhangi Atre
Best Actress (Comedy)
Won[41]

text:
Year

Nominee/work

Award

Result

2018
Shubhangi Atre
Best Actress In Comic Role
Won[citation needed]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: This section may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. You can assist by editing it. (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In March 2016, Shilpa Shinde made an unexpected exit from the show.[42] Shinde, who portrayed  'Angoori' in the show, made several allegations against producers Benaifer Kohli,[43] Sanjay Kohli,[43][44] co-actresses Saumya Tandon,[45] and programming head of &TV, Vikas Gupta.[46]

text: Shinde stated that she was forced to leave the show[47] and makers didn't pay her the due amount which was ₹32 lakh[48] for her work in the show.[45] To that allegation, Benaifer Kohli replied in September 2016 that Shinde's salary was raised two times in the past as per her demand.[49]

text: The matter was taken to Cine and TV Artists Association (CINTAA) and soon after that, 'Edit II Productions' dispatched a legal document to Shinde for unexplained absence from the shoot. But still, Shinde refused to show up for the shoot.[50][51]

text: Shinde mentioned that the makers were discriminating between her and her co-actress Saumya Tandon, citing lack of personal staff for her.[42][52] Benaifer Kohli denied the discrimination claim and said that she never refused any demand from Shinde regarding her costumes, jewellery or make-up.[53] Tandon also replied to the allegation by saying that: "At the beginning of the show when I signed the contract, I had made it clear to the producers that I will manage my own designer and make-up".[54]

text: On 3 March 2016,[55] Sanjay Kohli announced that the show would be replacing Shinde and accused Shinde of unprofessional behavior on the set.[55]

text: Shinde stated that &TV demanded her to sign a new contract with a clause that she will not portray any character like 'Angoori' in the future, and since she rejected, the producers were falsely accusing her of unprofessionalism.[56] Binaifer Kohli demanded approximately ₹12 crore[57] from Shilpa Shinde citing breach of contract of the show as she said that Shinde is trying to work in other show while also being part of Bhabiji Ghar Par Hai! which violates the contract.[42][58] Shinde said that there was no such clause in the original contract and accosed Kohli of contract tempering.[59]

text: In March 2017, Shilpa Shinde filed an FIR[51][60] against producer Sanjay Kohli, accusing him of sexual harassment.[61][43] According to the FIR, filed at Walvi Naigaon police station:

text: Shilpa has alleged that Sanjay often tried to take advantage of her and called her hot and sexy. She said that he even touched her inappropriately once to which she objected with a firm no. Sanjay threatened her that he will throw her out of the show if she spoke to anyone about this. Next day, he again came to her make-up room and told her to get into a physical relationship with him if she wanted to stay on the show. She alleged that her make-up man saw this happening, after which he was fired.[62]

text: Shinde also stated that she talked about the matter to her co-actress Saumya Tandon.[45] Shinde further said that after listening to the matter, Tandon's reply was: "No one rapes in our industry, Shilpa".[45] Shinde also stated that Benaifer Kohli tried to bury the matter and threatened her.[43] Tandon also replied Shinde statement by saying:

text: I didn’t get any such vibes from my producer [Sanjay Kohli] and I never noticed him having such kind of intention for any other female on our sets. In fact, he doesn’t really come on the sets and he never goes to any actor’s room or vanity at all, so I didn’t experience any such thing. It is so sad that she used my name. Saying that she confided in me is not true at all. I shared a very professional relationship with her...[45]

text:
In April 2017, actress Sameeksha Singh taken a side of Shinde, who also worked with producers Binaifer Kholi and Sanjay Kholi in their serial Zaara, reveal that, she was also in the same situation when she was working with them. She discloses it by saying that Sanjay Kohli used to only flirt with her but his actions were unacceptable in Shinde's situations.[63]
Television actress Kavita Kaushik who also worked with Sanjay Kohli on his show FIR, questioned Shinde as to why she was quiet for one year and accused Shinde of being a bad example for other girls.[64] Shinde replied to Kavita Kaushik by saying that she was facing lots of problems at that time and it is very difficult to talk about sexual harassment in public.[64]

text: In April 2017, Benaifer Kohli and Sanjay Kohli also registered a case against Shinde for defamation.[65]

text: On 13 February 2018,[66][67] Shinde stated that the show's makers had approached her and requested her to finish the matter and she has retracted her FIR against Sanjay Kohli.[67][68]


document_title: Scary Movie 2

question_text: who plays the ghost in scary movie 2

question_tokens: who plays the ghost in scary movie 2

text: Scary Movie 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: A teenage girl named Megan Voorhees (Natasha Lyonne) becomes possessed by the spirit of Hugh Kane (Richard Moll), the house's previous owner. During a formal dinner party she emerges in her pajamas, insults her mother and the guests, then proceeds to urinate profusely on the floor. In response, Megan's mother (Veronica Cartwright) seeks help from two priests, Father McFeely (James Woods) and Father Harris (Andy Richter). After paying a trip to the bathroom, the men attempt to drive Hugh's ghost out, but the exorcism does not go as planned. After a chain of projectile vomits and various instances of pedophilia, Megan insults Father McFeely's mother. He responds by pulling out a gun and shooting Megan.

text: Meanwhile, Cindy Campbell (Anna Faris), Brenda Meeks (Regina Hall), Ray Wilkins (Shawn Wayans), and Shorty Meeks (Marlon Wayans) are at college, trying to live new lives since the events of the first film. Cindy and Brenda get tagged by a socially maladjusted girl, Alex (Tori Spelling). Shorty is still the same stoner he was before. Ray, still confused about his sexuality, has two new male friends, Tommy (James DeBello) and Buddy (Christopher Masterson). Buddy becomes romantically interested in Cindy, but she rebuffs him.

text: Professor Oldman  (Tim Curry) and his charming paraplegic assistant, Dwight Hartman (David Cross), plan to study the paranormal activity at a local haunted mansion called Hell House. They use Cindy and her friends as test subjects. At the mansion, Cindy encounters a foul-mouthed parrot and Hanson (Chris Elliott), the caretaker with a badly malformed hand. Later, the group is joined by newcomer Theo (Kathleen Robertson). They sit down for dinner, but soon lose their appetite due to Hanson's repulsive antics.

text: Later that night, Cindy hears voices directing her to a secret room, where she and Buddy discover the diary of Hugh Kane's wife. Seeing her portrait, they note Cindy's resemblance to her. Meanwhile, other teens also experience bizarre encounters. Hugh Kane's ghost has sex with Alex in her bedroom, but retreats when Alex expresses her interest in becoming the new Mrs. Kane. Cindy gets involved in a fistfight with the house cat, Mr. Kittles. A toy clown (Suli McCullough) attempts to kill Ray, but in a strange turn of events, the clown doll gets raped by Ray instead. A weed-monster rolls Shorty into a joint. It tries to smoke him, but gets distracted by munchies and lets him escape.

text: Professor Oldman is seduced and killed by the ghost of Hugh's mistress. Shorty later encounters the same ghost, but seduces and has sex with her. After Dwight equips the teens with weapons that can injure their spectral enemy, they are pursued throughout the mansion. Buddy and Cindy get locked in the walk-in freezer. Cindy gives Buddy a handjob and "revives" him, resulting in him releasing semen blasting Cindy to the door. Cindy then uses a collection of random objects in the room to produce a Caterpillar tractor and escapes the freezer.

text: Hanson gets possessed by Kane and kidnaps Shorty, who is high on drugs. In the dining room, Hanson sets up a cooker and cuts off the top of Shorty's head. Instead of a brain, there is a small man rapping (Beetlejuice) inside. Cindy, Brenda, and Theo team up to fight Hanson, but wind up defeated. Dwight regroups with the teens. Cindy acts as bait to lure Kane into a device that will destroy him. The plan succeeds, freeing the group from the house's curse.

text: Two months later, Cindy and Buddy are in a relationship. They are out on a walk when Buddy disappears and Hanson shows up. As he closes in menacingly, he gets hit by a car. The car's driver is Shorty, who is receiving a blowjob from the ghost that he seduced earlier.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Anna Faris as Cindy Campbell
Regina Hall as Brenda Meeks
Shawn Wayans as Ray Wilkins
Marlon Wayans as Shorty Meeks
Chris Masterson as Buddy Sanderson
Kathleen Robertson as Theo
David Cross as Dwight Hartman
James Woods as Father McFeely
Tim Curry as Professor Oldman
Tori Spelling as  Alex Monday
Chris Elliott as Hanson
Andy Richter as Father Harris
Richard Moll as Hugh Kane (Hell House Ghost)
Veronica Cartwright as Mrs. Voorhees
Natasha Lyonne as Megan Voorhees
Beetlejuice as Shorty's brain
Matt Friedman (voice) as Polly the parrot
Vitamin C (voice) as herself
Suli McCullough (voice) as Clown

text: Background[edit]

text:
The film is a sequel to Scary Movie. According to director Keenen Ivory Wayans, the makers of the film watched over 130 horror films for background research.[3] Marlon Brando was originally cast as Father McFeely and completed one day of filming before he had to leave the production due to illness.[4] He was replaced by James Woods who was paid $1 million for four days work.[5]
Charlton Heston has also turned down the James Woods part. At one point, former President Bill Clinton, who had just left office the year the film came out (2001), was considered for the James Woods part. Because Miramax had not greenlit this sequel until the massive box office success of the original, the film faced a punishing production schedule that involved coming up with a script and tearing through production and post-production in a total of less than 9 months, roughly half the average time for all those steps to be completed on a standard Hollywood production in 2000-2001.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: In North America, the film grossed $71,308,997. Worldwide, it grossed $141,220,678. Although it was a hit, out of the first four Scary Movie films, this was the least successful to date –  until the fifth film was released twelve years later.[2][6]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Scary Movie 2 received generally negative reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 15% based on 109 reviews with an average rating of 3.4/10 The site's critical consensus reads, "Instead of being funny, this gross-out sequel plays like a sloppy, rushed-out product."[7] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 29 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[8] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[9]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film premiered on DVD on December 18, 2001.[10] It was later released on Blu-ray a decade later on September 20, 2011, after Lionsgate purchased Miramax and Dimension Films's catalogues.[11]


document_title: Happy Trails (song)

question_text: happy trails to you is a line from the theme song to which 1950s tv western series

text: Happy Trails (song)

text:
"Happy Trails"

Single by Roy Rogers and Dale Evans

Released
1952 (1952)

Genre
Country, folk, theme song

Label
RCA Victor

Songwriter(s)
Dale Evans

text: "Happy Trails" by Dale Evans, was the theme song for the 1940s and 1950s radio program and the 1950s television show starring Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Rogers, always sung over the end credits of the program. Happy Trails was released in 1952 as a 78 RPM and 45 RPM by Rogers and Evans with the Whippoorwills and Orchestra on RCA Victor Records. It was re-issued in 1957 as a 45 RPM record on RCA Victor/Bluebird. Members of the Western Writers of America chose it as one of the Top 100 Western songs of all time.[1]

text: In 1951, Foy Willing wrote a song titled "Happy Trails" for the Republic Pictures movie, Spoilers of the Plains, starring Roy Rogers with Foy Willing and the Riders of the Purple Sage. Subsequently, the first three notes of Foy's song and the title were used by Dale Evans in writing her version of "Happy Trails" for both the original The Roy Rogers Show and the short-lived The Roy Rogers and Dale Evans Show, which aired on ABC in 1962. Dale's is the version that is popularly played and sung today, albeit without giving credit to Foy Willing.[2]

text: Cover versions[edit]

text: There have been numerous notable covers of Dale Evans' version of the song.

text:
Janis Joplin left a taped recording of the song as a birthday greeting for John Lennon on October 1, 1970, three days before her death. Lennon, whose birthday was October 9, later told Dick Cavett that her taped greeting arrived at his home after her death.[3][citation needed]
In 1969, Quicksilver Messenger Service released an album called Happy Trails, on which the song appears.
Van Halen covered the song on their 1982 album, Diver Down, and usually the band would end live performances they did with their first lead singer, David Lee Roth, with that song.
Randy Travis covered the song with Rogers on his 1990 album Heroes & Friends.


document_title: Cairn Terrier

question_text: what breed was toto from the wizard of oz

text: Cairn Terrier

text: History[edit]

text: Cairns originated in the Highlands of Scotland and the Isle of Skye,[4] initially grouped in the "Skye Terrier" class alongside the Scottish and West Highland White terriers. In the early 1900s, the three breeds began to be bred separately.

text: The Kennel Club of the United Kingdom gave the Cairn Terrier a separate register in 1912; the first year of recognition, 134 were registered and it was in that year that the breed was also given Championship status.[5]

text: Description[edit]

text: Cairn Terriers tend to look similar to a Norwich Terrier, but with some differences (for example the shaggy fur). Their outer layer of fur is shaggy, but they have a soft, downy undercoat. Their ideal weight is also 4.5-7.3 kg (10-16 lb), and the height 9–13 in (23–33 cm).

text: Grooming[edit]

text: Cairn terriers shed very little, but should always be hand stripped. Using scissors or shears can ruin the dog's rugged outer coat after one grooming. Hand stripping involves pulling the old dead hair out by the roots. If done incorrectly, this can cause discomfort to the dog, causing it to shy away from future hand stripping. Removing the dead hair in this manner allows new growth to come in. This new growth helps protect the dog from water and dirt.

text: Cairn terrier ancestors are from Scotland, where the wire coat repels water and keeps the dog dry even in rainy or damp climates. Keeping the Cairn terrier coat in its original state will prevent possible skin irritations. As dead hair is removed by stripping the coat, new growth comes in and the skin and coat remain healthy. Clipper-cutting a Cairn might destroy the protective wire coat unique to this breed.

text: It is wise to have a pet examined to rule out heritable skin diseases if a Cairn is obtained from unknown sources (i.e. pet stores, rescues, or puppy mills).[citation needed]

text: Health[edit]

text: These dogs are generally healthy and live on average about 12 to 17 years.[6][7]

text: Survey[edit]

text: Breeders, owners, and veterinarians have identified several health problems that are significant for Cairns. Some of these diseases are hereditary, while others occur as a result of nonspecific factors (i.e. infections, toxins, injuries, or advanced age). Currently, the Cairn Terrier Club of America, along with the Institute for Genetic Disease Control in Animals, maintains an open registry for Cairn terriers in hopes of reducing the occurrence of hereditary diseases within the breed. Breeders voluntarily submit their dogs' test results for research purposes, as well as for use by individuals who seek to make sound breeding decisions.

text: Some of the more common hereditary health problems found in the Cairn are:[8]

text:
Cataracts
Corneal dystrophy
Craniomandibular osteopathy (lion jaw)
Entropion
Hip dysplasia
Hypothyroidism
Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy)
Legg-Calvé-Perthes syndrome
Luxating patella
Ocular melanosis
Portosystemic shunt
Progressive retinal atrophy
Soft tissue sarcoma
Von Willebrand disease

text: Living conditions[edit]

text: Cairn terriers exist happily in an apartment if sufficiently exercised.[citation needed] They are very active indoors and suffice even without a yard.[citation needed] Daily walks help keep Cairn terriers happy and healthy. Fenced-in yards are strongly recommended for safety and well being as well as being kept on leash when not in the yard.

text: Cairn terriers are particularly easily trained; ethical breeders strongly suggest obedience school or some other type of training to direct Cairn terrier's focus on the owner as the one in command if they are going to be used for hunting. If allowed to take control of the household, behavior problems may develop that can only be resolved by hiring a professional dog trainer. Many breeders only sell puppies to dedicated dog owners who agree to basic obedience school.

text: Exercise[edit]

text: Cairns are active dogs, thus need a daily walk. Play takes care of a lot of their exercise needs; however, as with all breeds, play will not fulfill their primal instinct to walk. Dogs which do not get to go on daily walks are more likely to display behavior problems. They also enjoy a good romp in a safe open area off leash, such as a large fenced yard.

text: According to Temple Grandin in her book Animals Make Us Human, dogs need 45 minutes to one hour per day of playing and seeking. After fulfilling this, dogs become balanced and well-mannered. Obedience school is often a good start to creating interactive play using words or commands for a dog to perform specific actions on cue. Teaching a Cairn terrier tricks is also a clever way to direct their active energy into acceptable controlled dog games.

text: Famous Cairns[edit]

text: Terry, the dog that played Toto in the 1939 screen adaptation of The Wizard of Oz, was a brindle Cairn terrier. Due to the identification of the State of Kansas with the original story The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, a resident of Wichita has begun a drive to make the Cairn terrier the official dog of Kansas.[9] Terry also had a role in the Shirley Temple film Bright Eyes, and 12 other films.

text: In media[edit]

text:
In I Love Lucy, Little Ricky had a Cairn terrier named Fred.
UK TV presenter Paul O'Grady often features a Cairn terrier called Olga on his primetime chat show; dark in colour, Olga is a rescue dog.
Also in the UK, Pauline Fowler actress Wendy Richard in the BBC TV show EastEnders had a Cairn she fondly named Betty. Betty made an appearance as Toto on BBC's "Strictly Come Dancing" (series 10) after Vincent Simone and his celebrity partner Dani Harmer danced a waltz to "Over the Rainbow" from The Wizard of Oz.
George Lopez's family dog on the ABC TV series George Lopez, is a Cairn terrier named Mr. Needles, named by the son, Max, for the extremely high number of shots that the incredibly sick former stray received from the veterinarian.
Australian television soap series Neighbours had a Cairn terrier named Audrey which belonged to the character Libby Kennedy.[10]
The character of Romulus, owned by Ray Milland's character, Steven Tolliver, in Cecil B. De Mille's epic Reap the Wild Wind (1942) was a Cairn terrier.
A few years later, in The Uninvited (1944), the Ray Milland character also had a Cairn terrier.
Thimble the dog was a brindle Cairn terrier played by Danvers. Thimble appeared once in episode five, season five of the British television drama Upstairs, Downstairs.
A wheaten Cairn terrier named Kobe was featured in Dunston Checks In, Lost And Found, and the opening scenes of Twister.
In USA Network's Mr. Robot, Rami Malek's character Elliot Alderson has a Cairn terrier named Flipper.[11]

text: In books[edit]

text:
In the Maximum Ride book series, Total, the talking dog, is a Cairn terrier.
In the first edition of L. Frank Baum's book The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (1899), though Baum did not specify in the text what breed Toto was, illustrator W. W. Denslow drew him as a Cairn terrier.
In Donald Barthelme’s short story "Chablis," the narrator says that his baby wants, according to his wife, a "Cairn terrier."[12]