document_title: Worst Cooks in America

question_text: who won season 4 worst cooks in america

question_tokens: who won season 4 worst cooks in america

text: Worst Cooks in America

text: History[edit]

text: The show premiered on January 3, 2010. The show was initially hosted by chef Anne Burrell and chef Beau MacMillan in Season 1. MacMillan was replaced by chef Robert Irvine on Season 2, followed by chef Bobby Flay for Seasons 3–5. On November 20, 2014, a Food Network press release announced that chef Tyler Florence will be paired with chef Burrell to host Season 6, to debut on January 4, 2015. Burrell was the winning instructor in seasons 1, 2, 3, 6, 7 and 8 with Flay winning in Seasons 4–5. Rachael Ray and Burrell hosted the Season 7 special celebrity edition, which premiered September 23, 2015. During the finale of Season 7, a trailer previewing Season 8 was shown and was aired in January 2016 with the return of Tyler Florence.

text: Season 1: 2010[edit]

text: Chefs Beau MacMillan and Anne Burrell lead an intense culinary boot camp. They have six recruits each, and every week they must eliminate one recruit from each of their teams until there is only one from each team left. The final two create a three-course meal to fool a panel of restaurant critics into believing that the meal was created by the acclaimed chefs.

text: Recruits[edit]

text: Twelve chefs competed in the first season of Worst Cooks in America. Hometowns and occupations are available from the Food Network website.[3][4] Chef Anne's team was known as the Red Team and Chef Beau's team was known as the Blue Team.

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Rachel Coleman
23
Brooklyn, New York
Marketing Website editor
Winner February 1

Jennifer "Jenny" Cross
21
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Waitress
Runner-up February 1

Jennifer "Jen" Vecchio
38
Cumberland, Rhode Island
Dance Studio Owner
Eliminated January 31

Eddie Chang
32
Jersey City, New Jersey
IT project manager

Marque Hernandez
41
Brea, California
Director of Clinical Operations
Eliminated January 24

Rebecca Hooper
43
Sandy, Utah
Salon Owner

Sophia Gettys
27
Aurora, Colorado
Stay-at-home Mom
Eliminated January 17

Susie Shoman
53
Georgetown, South Carolina
Grants administrator and entrepreneur

Kelly Johnson
31
Scottsdale, Arizona
Corporate litigation attorney
Eliminated January 10

David Summey
29
Charlotte, North Carolina
Salesman

Wilhelmina Josephine
29
Aliso Viejo, California
Insurance claims adjuster
Eliminated January 3

Hamed Hamad
24
North Hollywood, California
Journalist and fashion consultant

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

Rachel

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WINNER

2

Jenny*

IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Jen

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Eddie

BTM
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

5

Marque

WIN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Rebecca

WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

7

Sophia*

IN
IN
IN
OUT

8

Susie

IN
BTM
IN
OUT

9

Kelly

IN
OUT

10

David

BTM
OUT

11

Wilhelmina

OUT

12

Hamed

OUT

text: Season 2: 2011[edit]

text: Casting for season 2 of Worst Cooks in America was held at the LA Marriott Burbank Airport, Hotel & Convention Center on March 27, 2010.[5] The Food Network also began accepting online video applications for season 2.[6] Food Network's website announced that Robert Irvine would replace Beau MacMillan for season 2. Season 2 debuted on January 2, 2011.[7] In this season the chefs had eight recruits each.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Joshie Berger
36
Brooklyn, New York
Attorney
Winner February 20

Georgann "Georg" Coleman
38
Chicago, Illinois
Speech pathologist
Runner-up February 20

Carlos Manuel
28
Atlanta, Georgia
Banker
Eliminated February 13

Kelsey Milos
22
Kings, Illinois
Hair stylist

Kat Rose
37
Newnan, Georgia
Stay-at-home mother
Eliminated February 6

Tyrone "Ty" Miller
33
Trenton, New Jersey
Property manager

Jennifer "Jen" MacLean
43
Sparta, New Jersey
Operating room nurse
Eliminated January 30

Kelly Gray
32
New York, New York
Aerobics instructor

Erika Rumsey
27
Elgin, Illinois
Account manager
Eliminated January 23

Anna Altomari
44
Aliso Viejo, California
RN Case manager

Priscilla Harden
60
Sugar Land, Texas
Retired teacher
Eliminated January 16

Matt Crespi
24
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
PhD Student

Anthony Scinto
32
Crestwood, Illinois
Mechanical engineer
Eliminated January 9

Jeff Longcor
25
Somerville, Massachusetts
Environmental contractor

Lina Yu
28
Arcadia, California
Production manager
Eliminated January 2

Eric Ricupero
34
Quincy, Massachusetts
Bar owner

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Episode

Rank
Contestant
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Joshie

IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
9th
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
WINNER

2

Georg

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Carlos

IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
6th
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Kelsey*

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
2nd
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

5

Kat*

WIN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
OUT

6

Ty

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
3rd
IN
BTM
OUT

7

Jen

IN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
7th
IN
OUT

8

Kelly

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
5th
WIN
OUT

9

Erika

BTM
WIN
IN
WIN
IN
8th
OUT

10

Anna

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
4th
OUT

11

Priscilla

IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

12

Matt

BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

13

Anthony

IN
IN
OUT

14

Jeff

IN
BTM
OUT

15

Lina

OUT

16

Eric

OUT

text: Differences between seasons 1 and 2[edit]

text: In the first episode, a group of selected novice cooks were to prepare a dish from scratch so the chefs would get an idea of how poor their skills were. After tasting all the items, the chefs took turns picking team members for their rival chef. The first season started off with 24 novice cooks but only the worst 12 were chosen for a team. In the second season, the first episode began with 16 amateurs and all took part for the remainder of that episode.

text: In the penultimate episode of the season, the remaining four recruits learned and replicated a dessert. After this, in the first season, the recruits had to instruct a group of high school students how to replicate the dessert recipe. In the second one, the recruits were assigned the dessert to serve after both chefs, and a special guest enjoyed a main dish.

text: After learning and replicating a dessert, the recruits had to prepare a meal for both chefs and a surprise guest, usually a spouse or other family member. The first season’s main dishes were an improved version of the recruits’ audition meal. The special guests in the second season got to choose what they wanted the students to make them.

text: Two recruits remained in the final episode and had to prepare an appetizer, main dish, and dessert for a panel of three food critics. The critics in season 1 thought that the final meal was prepared by the chefs until after they sampled all the courses. In season 2, the critics learned their meal was prepared by the recruits immediately after entering the restaurant.

text: Season 3: 2012[edit]

text: Anne Burrell and Bobby Flay hosted season 3.[8][9]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Kelli Powers
40
Los Angeles, California
Stay-at-home mother
Winner April 1

Vinnie Caligiuri
47
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Mortgage broker
Runner-up April 1

Melissa Rhodes
28
Naples, Florida
Nursing Student
Eliminated March 25

David Shelton
26
Longview, Texas
Unemployed

Tiffany Michelle
27
Los Angeles, California
Poker player and actress
Eliminated March 18

Dorothy Strouhal
38
Cove, Texas
Make-up artist

Anthony Schiano
33
Massapequa, New York
Mechanical engineer
Eliminated March 11

Benjamin Dennis
37
Dallas, Texas
Stay-at-home father
Quit March 11

Sean "Bennett" Bennett
36
New York City
Automotive Spokesperson
Eliminated March 4

Sarina Weeraprajuk
31
West Covina, California
Wedding photographer

Erica Weidner
53
Long Beach, New York
Court Reporter Student
Eliminated February 26

Robert "Bob" Tamke
44
Massapequa Park, New York
DJ

Sherrill Moss-Solomon
55
New York, New York
Fundraiser
Eliminated February 19

Rachel Margolin
31
New York, New York
Night Club Promoter

Richard Chen
55
Queens, New York
Attorney
Eliminated February 12

Libby Floyd
46
Eden Prairie, Minnesota
ShopNBC host[10]

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1

Kelli

WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Vinnie

IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Melissa1

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

David1

IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

5

Tiffany

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Dorothy

IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
OUT

7

Anthony

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
OUT

8

Benjamin

IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN

QUIT

9

Bennett

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

10

Sarina

BTM
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

11

Erica

IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

12

Bob

IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

13

Sherrill

IN
BTM
OUT

14

Rachel

BTM
BTM
OUT

15

Richard

OUT

16

Libby

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3, Team Bobby (blue team) won the first challenge, he therefore got to choose one person from Team Anne (red team) to go to his team, and then choose one person from his team to go to the other team. He chose David to go to Team Anne's team and chose Melissa from Team Anne's team to join his team.

text: Season 4: 2013[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Alina Bolshakova
28
Riga, Latvia
Caretaker/Actress
Winner March 31

Rasheeda Brown
30
Germantown, Maryland
Correctional Officer
Runner-up March 31

Chet Pourciau
40
New Orleans, Louisiana
Interior Designer
Eliminated March 24

Suzanne "Sue" Mangogna
42
Northport, New York
Single Mother

Carla Johnson
47
Long Beach, California
Alcohol & Drug Counselor
Eliminated March 17

Michael Haydin
25
Rye Brook, New York
Accountant

Carrie Lee Riggins
32
Carmel, New York
Ballerina/Actress
Eliminated March 10

Crystal Lonneberg
30
Weehawken, New Jersey
Actress/Artist

Aadip Desai
36
Sacramento, California
Writer/Musician
Eliminated March 3

Alex Stein
26
Dallas, Texas
Bail Bondsman

Michael "Big Mike" Paul
24
Thomson, Georgia
Woodworker
Eliminated February 24

Robert "Dr. Bob" Schaefer
58
Pleasant Hill, California
Chiropractor

Tim Burger
42
Novi, Michigan
Former Marine
Eliminated February 17

Diana De Rosa
62
Huntington, New York
Photographer

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Alina

BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2

Rasheeda

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Chet

WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Sue

IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

5

Carla

IN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
OUT

6

Michael

WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

Carrie Lee

IN
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

8

Crystal

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

9

Aadip

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

10

Alex

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Mike

IN
BTM
OUT

12

Bob

BTM
BTM
OUT

13

Tim

OUT

14

Diana

OUT

text: Season 5: 2014[edit]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Amber Brauner
37
Redlands, California
Tattoo Artist
Winner March 31

Jamie Thomas
41
New York, New York
Flight Attendant
Runner-up March 31

Daniel "Danny" Beyda
43
Long Island, New York
Radiologist
Eliminated March 24

Mike Glazer
30
Chicago, Illinois
Writer

Carie Pullano-Keller
34
Chester, Virginia
Promotional Model
Eliminated March 17

Stephanie St. Aubin
26
Washington, DC
Secretary

Danielle Ruiz-Wiley
25
Staten Island, New York
Stay at Home Mom
Eliminated March 10

Carol Holder
64
New York, New York
Real Estate Broker

Joe Slaughter
28
Los Angeles, California
Actor/Dancer
Eliminated March 3

Ken Hsu
29
Seattle, Washington
Personal Trainer

Lance Green
31
New York, New York
Music Producer
Eliminated February 24

Benjamin "Benji" Hunter Brown III
29
Nashville, Tennessee
Live Music Booking Agent

Muneerah Warner
33
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Abstinence Advisor
Eliminated February 16

Casey Pentony
26
Hollywood, California
Nurse

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Amber

WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2

Jamie

WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Danny

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Mike

IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Carie1

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Stephanie1

IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

7

Danielle

IN
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

8

Carol

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

9

Joe

IN
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

10

Ken

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Lance

BTM
IN
OUT

12

Benji

BTM
IN
OUT

13

Muneerah

OUT

14

Casey

OUT

text: ^Note 1 : In Episode 3 Team Anne (red team) won the first challenge, she therefore got to choose one person from Team Bobby (blue team) to go to her team, and then chose one person from her team to go to the other team. She chose Stephanie to go to Team Bobby's team and chose Carie from Team Bobby's team to join her team.

text: Season 6: 2015[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host seasons 6, replacing Bobby Flay after 3 seasons. The season premiered on January 4, 2015 to 2,123,000 viewers.[11] The second episode was lower at 1,456,000 viewers,[12] with the third episode rising to 1,732,000 viewers[13] and the fourth episode reached 1,689,000 viewers.[14] the 5th episode reached 1,634,000 viewers. The sixth episode received 1.55 million viewers.[15]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Kristen Redmond
25
Austin, Texas
Singer/Songwriter
Winner February 15

Genique Freeman
33
Fayetteville, North Carolina
Esthetician
Runner-up February 15

Leopold "Leo" Nunan
36
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Performance Artist
Eliminated February 8

Sarah Bettendorf
33
Los Angeles, California
Art Teacher

Norman Wilson
46
Detroit, Michigan
Executive Protection
Eliminated February 1

Sharif Dean
27
Los Angeles, California
Personal Trainer

David Eric Rosenberg
51
Las Vegas, Nevada
Theatre Usher
Eliminated January 25

Kortni Montgomery
25
New Orleans, Louisiana
Customer Service Rep

Michael "Six" Muldoon
25
Queens, New York
Magician
Eliminated January 18

Mike Kennedy
45
Scottsdale, Arizona
Private Investigator

Stephanie Streisand*
25
Los Angeles, California
Writer
Withdrew January 11

Susie Babin
61
Bush, Louisiana
Retired
Eliminated January 11

Jason Dixon
30
Chicago, Illinois
Artist
Eliminated January 5

Christina Oster
38
Zion, Illinois
Single Mom

text: Contestant Stephanie Streisand was deemed too ill to continue on January 11

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Kristen

IN
WIN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Genique

IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Leo

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

4

Sarah

WIN
IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Norman

WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Sharif

IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

David

BTM
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

8

Kortni

BTM
IN
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

9

Six

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

10

Mike

IN
BTM
IN
IN
OUT

11

Stephanie

IN
IN
WDR

12

Susie

IN
BTM
OUT

13

Jason

OUT

14

Christina

OUT

text: Season 7: Celebrity Edition[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 7. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. Because this season had only 7 total recruits, each team's worst recruit from that week's Main Dish challenge competed head to head in a quickfire elimination challenge instead of eliminating both recruits each week. This challenge involved more basic cooking techniques (e.g. knife skills) and the winner would be decided by a blind judging from both Anne and Rachael. The winning recruit stayed in the competition while the losing recruit was eliminated.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Jenni "JWoww" Farley
29
Reality Television Star
Winner October 28

Kendra Wilkinson
30
Former Playboy Model & Television Personality
Runner-up October 28

Ellen Cleghorne
49
Saturday Night Live Actress
Eliminated October 21

Barry Williams
60
The Brady Bunch Actor
Eliminated October 14

Chris Soules
33
The Bachelor Star
Eliminated October 7

Jaleel White
38
Actor & Television Host
Eliminated September 30

Dean Cain
48
Television Actor
Eliminated September 23

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6

1

Jenni

IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

2

Kendra

IN
WIN
BTM
WIN
BTM
RUNNER-UP

3

Ellen

WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

4

Barry

BTM
BTM
WIN
OUT

5

Chris

WIN
IN
OUT

6

Jaleel

IN
OUT

7

Dean

OUT

text: Season 8: 2016[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 8.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Nick Slater
24
Rancho Cucamonga, California
Construction Worker
Winner February 14

Lawrence Crawford
26
Deptford, New Jersey
Army Combat Medic
Runner-up February 14

Ginny Meerman
50
Millersville, Maryland
Project Supervisor
Eliminated February 7

Taylor Hooper
24
Boston, Massachusetts
Marine Veteran

Holgie Forrester
66
Twentynine Palms, California
Retired/Actress
Eliminated January 31

Chanda Havard
36
Chicago, Illinois
Real Estate Agent

Donna Koen
60
Newburyport, Massachusetts
Lunch Lady & Hairdresser
Eliminated January 24

Rachel Thomas
27
Tampa, Florida
Stay-at-Home Wife

Ernie Adkins
44
Mardela Springs, Maryland
Truck driver
Eliminated January 17

Glenda Galeano
40
Miami, Florida
Event Coordinator/Actress

Ty Snow
39
Pasadena, California
Special Education Teacher
Eliminated January 10

Cindy Nguyen
28
Las Vegas, Nevada
Bartender

David Fouts
42
Wales, Wisconsin
Senior Project Manager
Eliminated January 4

Jeni Erdman
51
Dousman, Wisconsin
Group Tour Coordinator

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1

Nick

WIN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
WINNER

2

Lawrence

IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3

Ginny

WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
OUT

4

Taylor

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
WIN
TIE
OUT

5

Holgie

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
TIE
BTM
IN
OUT

6

Chanda

BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
OUT

7

Donna

IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

8

Rachel

BTM
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
BTM
OUT

9

Ernie

IN
BTM
IN
IN
OUT

10

Glenda

IN
BTM
BTM
IN
OUT

11

Ty

IN
IN
OUT

12

Cindy

IN
IN
OUT

13

David

OUT

14

Jeni

OUT

text: Season 9: Celebrity Edition 2[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 2 of the Celebrity Edition. The winner earns a $50,000 donation for their chosen charity. The season premiered on September 14, 2016 to 1,185,000 viewers.[16]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Loni Love
44
The Real Co-Host & Comedian
Winner November 2

Nicole Sullivan
46
Former MadTV Star, Comedian, & Actress
Runner-up November 2

John Henson
49
Former Talk Soup & Wipeout host
Eliminated October 26

Mike Situation Sorrentino
34
Reality Television Personality

Matt Dallas
33
Television Actor & YouTube Personality
Eliminated October 19

Mindy Cohn
50
The Facts of Life & Scooby-Doo Actress
Eliminated October 12

Tommy Davidson
52
Comedian & Actor
Eliminated September 28

Barbara Eden
85
Film & Television Actress (I Dream of Jeannie & Harper Valley P.T.A.)
Eliminated September 21

Kenya Moore
45
Miss USA 1993 & The Real Housewives of Atlanta Star
Eliminated September 14

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
Loni
IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WINNER

2
Nicole
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3
John
WIN
WIN
BTM
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

4
Mike
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

5
Matt
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
OUT

6
Mindy
IN
IN
TIE
BTM
OUT

7
Tommy
IN
IN
OUT

8
Barbara
BTM
OUT

9
Kenya
OUT

text: Season 10: 2017[edit]

text: Rachael Ray joins Anne Burrell to host season 10. The season premiered on January 1, 2017.[17]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Daniel Mar
35
Burbank, California
Photographer
Winner March 5

Ann Odogwu
34
Houston, Texas
Flight Attendant
Runner-Up March 5

Laura Docker
36
Fort Worth, Texas
Lawyer
Eliminated February 26

Mandy Thornton
24
Hanover, Massachusetts
Medical Assistant

Adam Cooke
32
Rancho Cucamonga, California
Auto Mechanic
Eliminated February 19

Brittany Lenore
27
Chicago, Illinois
Spiritual Speaker

Jeff West
36
Douglassville, Pennsylvania
Vending Machine President
Eliminated February 12

Kayla Kurtz
27
Kent, Ohio
Stay-at-Home Mom
Eliminated January 29

Maria Marcello
40
Torrance, California
Stay-at-Home Mom

Matt Josephs
35
Richmond, Virginia
Sports Radio Producer
Eliminated January 22

Jake Michaels
21
Manteno, Illinois
Model & Singer
Eliminated January 15

Jetta Linda Ostrofsky
66
Sacramento, California
Retired

Stephen Hawkins
67
Temecula, California
Retired
Eliminated January 8

Buffy Mykkanen
29
Portland, Oregon
Tech Support

Cedrick Miller
22
El Paso, Texas
Cashier
Eliminated January 1

Lester Turchin
65
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
Retired

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

1

Daniel

IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WINNER

2

Ann

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
SAVE
IN
IN
RUNNER-UP

3

Mandy

IN
IN
IN
TIE
IN
WIN
WIN
BTM
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4

Laura

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
IN
OUT

5

Brittany

WIN
IN
IN
TIE
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

6

Adam

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
OUT

7

Jeff

IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
IN
OUT

8

Maria

IN
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
OUT

9

Kayla

IN
IN
IN
TIE
SAVE
OUT

10

Matt

IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

11

Jetta

IN
IN
BTM
OUT

12

Jake

BTM
IN
IN
OUT

13

Stephen

BTM
IN
OUT

14

Buffy

IN
IN
OUT

15

Cedrick

OUT

16

Lester

OUT

text: In Episode 6, Both Chef Anne and Chef Rachael decided not to send anyone from their teams home.

text: Season 11: Celebrity Edition 3[edit]

text: Rachael Ray returns with Anne Burrell to host season 3 of the Celebrity Edition. The season premiered on August 23, 2017[18][19]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Perez Hilton
39
Gossip Blogger
Winner October 11

Melissa Peterman
46
Actress & Comedienne
Runner-up October 11

Nora Dunn
65
Actress & Comedienne
Eliminated October 4

Vivica A. Fox
53
Actress
Eliminated October 4

Sean Lowe
33
Reality Star
Eliminated September 27

Carmen Electra
45
Model & Actress
Withdrew September 13 due to injuries

Carson Kressley
47
TV Personality
Eliminated September 6

Erik Estrada
68
Star of CHiPs
Eliminated August 30

text: •Note: Vivica was originally eliminated on September 20. In Episode 7, airing on October 4, both Vivica and Sean returned to the competition for a redemption skill drill. Vivica won the drill, re-entered the competition and was then eliminated following the main challenge.

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Rank
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

1
Perez
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WINNER

2
Melissa
IN
WIN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
SAVE
IN
BTM
IN
IN
IN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

3
Nora
SAVE
TIE
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
OUT

4
Vivica
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
TIE
SAVE
IN
OUT

RTN
OUT

5
Sean
IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
TIE
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

6
Carmen
BTM
IN
BTM
WIN
IN
WDR

7
Carson
IN
TIE
WIN
IN
OUT

8
Erik
IN
TIE
OUT

text: Season 12: 2018[edit]

text: Tyler Florence joins Anne Burrell to host season 12.

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Hometown
Occupation
Status

Hazell Mckenzie
36
Brooklyn, New York
Graduate Student
Winner March 11

Steven Crowley
31
New York, New York
Real Estate Broker
Runner-Up March 11

Asaf Goren
25
Los Angeles, California
Dancer
Eliminated March 4

Sharon Shvarzman
32
Staten Island, New York
Drag Performer

Shatima Ruffin
34
Hampton Roads, Virginia
Receptionist
Eliminated February 25

Lacey Stout
28
Collinsville, Oklahoma
Stay-at-Home Mom

Robyn Hayden
31
Charleston, South Carolina
Balloon Artist
Eliminated February 18

Brandon Arroyo
27
Cleveland, Ohio
Sports Reporter
Eliminated February 11

Spencer Nick
25
Chicago, Illinois
Graduate Student

Sylvia Jefferies
47
Charleston, South Carolina
Stay-at-Home Mom
Quit January 28

Lily Frey
63
Anaheim, California
Retired
Eliminated January 28

Skyler Nick
25
Chicago, Illinois
Graduate Student
Eliminated January 21

Priscilla Nguyen
26
Hattiesburg, Mississippi
Receptionist
Eliminated January 14

Kevin Pettice
24
Charlotte, North Carolina
Administrative Assistant

Kayrene Curtis
44
Rocky River, Ohio
Stay-at-Home Mom
Eliminated January 7

Jonathan Farhat
37
Livermore, California
Safety Professional

text: Contestant progress[edit]

text:
Contestant
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Hazell

WIN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
WINNER

Steven

BTM
IN
WIN
IN
IN
BTM
WIN
WIN
WIN
RUNNER-UP

Sharon

WIN
IN
IN
WIN
WIN
IN
WIN
BTM
OUT

Asaf

IN
IN
WIN
IN
IN
WIN
IN
BTM
OUT

Lacey

IN
IN
IN
IN
BTM
IN
WIN
OUT

Shatima

IN
IN
BTM
BTM
BTM
WIN
BTM
OUT

Robyn

IN
IN
IN
WIN
BTM
BTM
OUT

Brandon

IN
WIN
IN
BTM
WIN
OUT

Spencer

BTM
IN
BTM
IN
BTM
OUT

Lily

IN
WIN
IN
OUT

Sylvia

IN
BTM
BTM
QUIT

Skyler

IN
BTM
OUT

Priscilla

IN
OUT

Kevin

IN
OUT

Jonathan

OUT

Kayrene

OUT

text: Season 13: Celebrity Edition 4[edit]

text: Tyler Florence returns with Anne Burrell to host season 4 of the Celebrity Edition. The season will premiere on April 15, 2018[20]

text: Recruits[edit]

text:
Contestant
Age
Occupation
Status

Maria Bamford
47
Actress & Comedianne

Catherine Bach
64
Star of The Dukes of Hazzard

Nolan Gould
19
Star of Modern Family

La Toya Jackson
61
Singer & Businesswoman

Oscar Nunez
59
Actor & Comedian

Bronson Pinchot
58
Star of Perfect Strangers

Ian Ziering
53
Actor


document_title: Man in the Wilderness

question_text: where was the movie man in the wilderness filmed

root

text: Man in the Wilderness

text: Plot[edit]

text: A classic survival story, told partly through flashbacks to Zachary Bass's past. After being left for dead by his fellow trappers, he undergoes a series of trials and adventures as he slowly heals and equips himself while he tracks the expedition, apparently intent on retribution for his abandonment, while earning the respect of the Indians he encounters. However, when he finally confronts his fellow trappers and Captain Henry, he chooses not to seek revenge, but instead to focus on returning to his infant son.

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Richard Harris - Zachary Bass
John Huston - Captain Henry
Henry Wilcoxon - Indian Chief
Prunella Ransome - Grace
Percy Herbert - Fogarty
Dennis Waterman - Lowrie
Norman Rossington - Ferris
James Doohan - Benoit
Bryan Marshall - Potts
Ben Carruthers - Longbow
John Bindon - Coulter
Robert Russell - Smith
Sheila Raynor - Grace's Mother
Judith Furse - Nurse

tag: ul

text: Production background[edit]

text: Man in the Wilderness is based loosely on the 1818-20 Missouri Expedition and "Capt. Henry" is likely a fictionalized Major Andrew Henry of the Rocky Mountain Fur Company. The film was shot near Covaleda, Province of Soria, Spain, with the terrain looking more like the Adirondack wilderness and less like the Absaroka country of the Yellowstone River. Not technically a "Spaghetti Western", Man was filmed in the rugged highlands where David Lean had shot some of the scenes for Doctor Zhivago in 1964.

text: John Huston had joined this production a few days after he had quit as director for the film, The Last Run, due to on-set fights with George C. Scott.

text: Themes[edit]

text: Though survival and revenge are the main themes, Christianity and religion play a significant role in the evolution of the main character. Through flashbacks, Zach Bass is shown to be at odds with religion and God in general. This was brought on by his lonely and abusive childhood in indoctrinating Christianity into the young Zachary.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was theatrically released in the United States on November 24, 1971, including New York City, New York and Los Angeles, California.

text: The film was the first feature to be shown in years at the newly refurbished Princess Theatre (renamed the Klondike Theatre, at the time) in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada on December 25, 1971.


document_title: Massachusetts Senate

question_text: who represents 1st norfolk & middlesex district in the massachusetts senate

text: Massachusetts Senate

text: Recent party control[edit]

text: Democrats hold a supermajority in the Senate.

text:
Affiliation

Party (Shading indicates majority caucus)

Total

Democratic

Republican

Vacant

Start of 189th General Court

34

6

40

0

June 25, 2016[3]

33

39

1

November 10, 2015[4]

34

40

0

January 4, 2016[5]

5

39

1

January 21, 2016[6]

33

38

2

May 18, 2016[7]

34

6

40

0

Start of 190th General Court

34

6

40

0

April 2, 2017[8]

33

39

1

April 17, 2017[9]

32

38

2

July 26, 2017[10]

33

39

1

August 31, 2017[11]

32

38

2

October 17, 2017[12]

33

39

1

December 5, 2017[13]

7

40

0

January 3, 2018[14]

32

39

1

January 26, 2018[15]

31

38

2

March 6, 2018[16]

32

39

1

April 11, 2018[17]

31

38

2

May 1, 2018[18]

32

39

1

May 4, 2018[19]

31

38

2

Latest voting share

7001775000000000000♠77.5%

7001175000000000000♠17.5%

tag: table

text: Current leadership[edit]

text:
Position

Leader

Party

Residence

District

President of the Senate

Harriette L. Chandler

Democratic

Worcester

1st Worcester

Majority leader

Cynthia Stone Creem

Democratic

Newton

1st Middlesex and Norfolk

President Pro Tempore

Marc R. Pacheco

Democratic

Taunton

1st Plymouth and Bristol

Assistant Majority Leader

Mark C. Montigny

Democratic

New Bedford

2nd Bristol and Plymouth

Assistant Majority Leader

Patricia D. Jehlen

Democratic

Somerville

2nd Middlesex

Assistant Majority Leader

Sal N. DiDomenico

Democratic

Everett

Middlesex and Suffolk

Senate Majority Whip

Michael J. Rodrigues

Democratic

Westport

1st Bristol and Plymouth

Assistant Majority Whip

Jason M. Lewis

Democratic

Winchester

5th Middlesex

Senate Ways and Means Chair

Karen E. Spilka

Democratic

Ashland

2nd Middlesex and Norfolk

Senate Ways and Means Vice Chair

Joan B. Lovely

Democratic

Salem

2nd Essex

Minority Leader

Bruce E. Tarr

Republican

Gloucester

1st Essex and Norfolk

Assistant Minority Leader

Donald F. Humason, Jr.

Republican

Westfield

2nd Hampden and Hampshire

Assistant Minority Leader

Richard J. Ross

Republican

Wrentham

Norfolk, Bristol and Middlesex

Minority Whip

Ryan C. Fattman

Republican

Gloucester

Worcester and Norfolk

Minority Whip

Patrick M. O'Connor

Republican

Weymouth

Plymouth and Norfolk

Senate Ways & Means Ranking Member

Viriato M. deMacedo

Republican

Plymouth

Plymouth and Barnstable

text: Current members[edit]

text: Current members of the Senate, sorted by district name:

text:
Senator

Party

District

Home Town/City

Assumed office

Adam G. Hinds[21]

Democratic

Berkshire, Hampshire, Franklin, and Hampden

Pittsfield

2017

Paul Feeney

Democratic

Bristol and Norfolk

Foxborough

2017*[22]

Michael Rodrigues

Democratic

1st Bristol and Plymouth

Westport

2011

Mark Montigny

Democratic

2nd Bristol and Plymouth

New Bedford

1993

Julian Cyr[23]

Democratic

Cape and Islands

Truro

2017

Kathleen O'Connor Ives

Democratic

1st Essex

Newburyport

2013

Joan Lovely

Democratic

2nd Essex

Salem

2013

Brendan Crighton

Democratic

3rd Essex

Lynn

2018

Bruce Tarr

Republican

1st Essex and Middlesex

Gloucester

1995

Barbara L'Italien

Democratic

2nd Essex and Middlesex

Andover

2015

James T. Welch

Democratic

Hampden

West Springfield

2011

Eric Lesser

Democratic

1st Hampden and Hampshire

Longmeadow

2015

Donald Humason, Jr.

Republican

2nd Hampden and Hampshire

Westfield

2013*

Vacant

Hampshire and Franklin and Worcester

Vacant

1st Middlesex

Patricia D. Jehlen

Democratic

2nd Middlesex

Somerville

2005*

Michael J. Barrett

Democratic

3rd Middlesex

Lexington

2013

Cindy Friedman

Democratic

4th Middlesex

Arlington

2017*

Jason Lewis

Democratic

5th Middlesex

Winchester

2014*

Cynthia Stone Creem

Democratic

1st Middlesex and Norfolk

Newton

1999

Karen Spilka

Democratic

2nd Middlesex and Norfolk

Ashland

2005

Sal DiDomenico

Democratic

Middlesex and Suffolk

Everett

2010*

James B. Eldridge

Democratic

Middlesex and Worcester

Acton

2009

Richard Ross

Republican

Norfolk, Bristol and Middlesex

Wrentham

2010*

Walter Timilty[24]

Democratic

Norfolk, Bristol and Plymouth

Milton

2017

John Keenan

Democratic

Norfolk and Plymouth

Quincy

2011

Michael F. Rush

Democratic

Norfolk and Suffolk

Boston

2011

Vinny deMacedo

Republican

Plymouth and Barnstable

Plymouth

2015

Marc Pacheco

Democratic

1st Plymouth and Bristol

Taunton

1993

Michael Brady

Democratic

2nd Plymouth and Bristol

Brockton

2015*

Patrick O'Connor

Republican

Plymouth and Norfolk

Weymouth

2016*

Nick Collins

Democratic

1st Suffolk

Boston

2018*

Sonia Chang-Diaz

Democratic

2nd Suffolk

Boston

2009

Joseph A. Boncore

Democratic

1st Suffolk and Middlesex

Winthrop

2016*

Will Brownsberger

Democratic

2nd Suffolk and Middlesex

Belmont

2012*

Harriette Chandler

Democratic

1st Worcester

Worcester

2001

Michael O. Moore

Democratic

2nd Worcester

Millbury

2009

Anne Gobi

Democratic

Worcester, Hampden, Hampshire and Middlesex

Spencer

2015

Dean Tran

Republican

Worcester and Middlesex

Fitchburg

2017*

Ryan Fattman

Republican

Worcester and Norfolk

Webster

2015

text: *Originally elected in a special election

text: Past composition of the Senate[edit]


document_title: Phoenix metropolitan area

question_text: what is the current population of phoenix arizona

text: Phoenix metropolitan area

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±
1950374,961—1960726,18393.7%19701,039,80743.2%19801,599,97053.9%19902,238,48039.9%20003,251,87645.3%20104,192,88728.9%Est. 20174,737,27013.0%U.S. Decennial Census[1]

text: As of the 2010 census, there were 4,192,887 people, 1,537,137 households, and 1,024,971 families residing within the MSA. The racial makeup of the MSA was 73.0% White (58.7% White Non-Hispanic), 5.0% Black, 3.3% Asian, 2.4% Native American or Alaska Native (virtually all Native American) and 16.2% of other or mixed race. 29.5% were Hispanic of any race.[7]

text: In 2010 the median income for a household in the MSA was $50,385 and the median income for a family was $58,497. The per capita income was $24,809.[8]

text:
County

2017 Estimate

2010 Census

Change

Area

Density

Maricopa County

4,307,033

3,817,117

+12.83%

9,200.14 sq mi (23,828.3 km2)

461/sq mi (178/km2)

Pinal County

430,237

375,770

+14.49%

5,365.61 sq mi (13,896.9 km2)

78/sq mi (30/km2)

Total

4,737,270

4,192,887

+12.98%

14,565.75 sq mi (37,725.1 km2)

320/sq mi (124/km2)

text: Communities in the Phoenix metropolitan area[edit]

text: What follows is a list of places in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area (populations as of 2014). The Office of Management and Budget defines a metropolitan area as the core city plus its county and any nearby counties that are economically dependent on the core city. However, Arizona has relatively large counties and a harsh, rugged desert landscape. For these reasons, much of the land that is part of the Metropolitan Statistical Area is rural or completely uninhabited. The core part of the Phoenix Metropolitan Area is the Phoenix–Mesa, Arizona Urban Area, which is far smaller than the Metropolitan Statistical Area.[9]

text: Places that fall completely or partially within the boundaries of the Phoenix-Mesa, AZ UA are in bold below.[9]

text: Cities and suburbs[edit]

text: Principal city

text: Phoenix pop. 1,537,058

text: Places with 250,000+ inhabitants

text:
Mesa pop. 464,704
Chandler pop. 254,276

text: Places with 150,000–249,999 inhabitants

text:
Gilbert pop. 239,277
Glendale pop. 237,517
Scottsdale pop. 230,512
Tempe pop. 172,816
Peoria pop. 166,934

text: Places with 75,000 to 149,999 inhabitants

text:
Surprise pop. 126,275
Avondale pop. 79,646
Goodyear pop. 75,664

text: Places with 30,000 to 74,999 inhabitants

text:
Buckeye pop. 59,470
Casa Grande pop. 51,478
Maricopa pop. 48,602
Apache Junction pop. 38,131
El Mirage pop. 33,532
Queen Creek pop. 32,236

text: Places with 10,000–29,999 inhabitants

text:
Coolidge pop. 12,209
Florence pop. 26,912
Fountain Hills pop. 23,573
Eloy pop. 16,738
Paradise Valley pop. 13,663

text: Fewer than 10,000 inhabitants

text:
Carefree
Cave Creek
Gila Bend
Guadalupe
Kearny
Litchfield Park
Mammoth
Superior
Tolleson
Wickenburg
Youngtown

text: Unincorporated communities[edit]

text: Over 10,000 inhabitants

text:
New River
Anthem
Gold Canyon
Sun City
Sun City West
Sun Lakes
San Tan
San Tan Valley

text: Under 10,000 inhabitants

text:
Aguila
Ak-Chin Village
Arizona City
Arlington
Bapchule
Chuichu
Circle City
Eleven Mile Corner
Komatke
La Palma
Liberty
Morristown
Olberg
Palo Verde
Queen Valley
Rio Verde
Sacaton
Stanfield
Tonopah
Tortilla Flat
Valley Farms
Waddell
Wintersburg
Wittmann

text: Geography[edit]

text: As of 2010, the Phoenix Metropolitan area consists of Maricopa and Pinal counties, comprising a total area of about 14,600 square miles. Because of the size of counties in Arizona, even though Maricopa and Pinal counties together contain nearly 4.5 million people, most of the area is uninhabited, which gives the MSA an extremely low density compared to other major MSAs in the nation.

text: The average elevation is about 2,000 feet (610 m), with the highest point being 2,704 feet (824 m).

text: Climate[edit]

text: The Phoenix Metropolitan area is notable for its warm, desert climate. On average, the area receives about 9 inches of rain annually, with less than 1 inch of snow every decade. In total, the region will see about 32 days of measurable precipitation each year. The MSA is one of the sunniest major metropolitan areas, receiving 295 days of sunshine, compared to the national average of 205. The average July high is about 104 °F (40 °C), with the average January low being about 37 °F (3 °C), still above freezing. Bestplaces gives the Phoenix Metropolitan Area a comfort index[a] of 44/100, which is also the national average.[10]

text: Below is a chart showing climate data collected from Sky Harbor Airport. Note that due to the vast area covered by the MSA, climates differ throughout the valley.

text:
hideClimate data for Phoenix Int'l, Arizona (1981–2010 normals,[b] extremes 1895–present)[c]

Month

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Year

Record high °F (°C)

88 (31)

92 (33)

100 (38)

105 (41)

114 (46)

122 (50)

121 (49)

117 (47)

116 (47)

107 (42)

96 (36)

87 (31)

122 (50)

Mean maximum °F (°C)

78.7 (25.9)

82.8 (28.2)

90.0 (32.2)

98.6 (37)

105.9 (41.1)

112.5 (44.7)

114.4 (45.8)

112.5 (44.7)

108.6 (42.6)

100.1 (37.8)

88.1 (31.2)

77.1 (25.1)

115.2 (46.2)

Average high °F (°C)

67.2 (19.6)

70.7 (21.5)

76.9 (24.9)

85.2 (29.6)

94.8 (34.9)

103.9 (39.9)

106.1 (41.2)

104.4 (40.2)

99.8 (37.7)

88.5 (31.4)

75.5 (24.2)

66.0 (18.9)

86.6 (30.3)

Daily mean °F (°C)

56.4 (13.6)

59.7 (15.4)

65.2 (18.4)

72.7 (22.6)

82.1 (27.8)

90.8 (32.7)

94.8 (34.9)

93.6 (34.2)

88.4 (31.3)

76.7 (24.8)

64.1 (17.8)

55.4 (13)

75.1 (23.9)

Average low °F (°C)

45.6 (7.6)

48.7 (9.3)

53.5 (11.9)

60.2 (15.7)

69.4 (20.8)

77.7 (25.4)

83.5 (28.6)

82.7 (28.2)

76.9 (24.9)

64.8 (18.2)

52.7 (11.5)

44.8 (7.1)

63.4 (17.4)

Mean minimum °F (°C)

36.2 (2.3)

39.4 (4.1)

43.2 (6.2)

49.5 (9.7)

58.0 (14.4)

68.4 (20.2)

73.7 (23.2)

73.7 (23.2)

67.1 (19.5)

53.6 (12)

40.8 (4.9)

34.6 (1.4)

33.5 (0.8)

Record low °F (°C)

16 (−9)

24 (−4)

25 (−4)

35 (2)

39 (4)

49 (9)

63 (17)

58 (14)

47 (8)

34 (1)

27 (−3)

22 (−6)

16 (−9)

Average precipitation inches (mm)

0.91 (23.1)

0.92 (23.4)

0.99 (25.1)

0.28 (7.1)

0.11 (2.8)

0.02 (0.5)

1.05 (26.7)

1.00 (25.4)

0.64 (16.3)

0.58 (14.7)

0.65 (16.5)

0.88 (22.4)

8.03 (204)

Average snowfall inches (cm)

trace

trace

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

trace

trace

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)

4.1

4.4

3.9

1.7

1.0

0.5

4.2

5.0

2.8

2.5

2.6

3.9

36.6

Average relative humidity (%)

50.9

44.4

39.3

27.8

21.9

19.4

31.6

36.2

35.6

36.9

43.8

51.8

36.6

Mean monthly sunshine hours

256.0

257.2

318.4

353.6

401.0

407.8

378.5

360.8

328.6

308.9

256.0

244.8

3,871.6

Percent possible sunshine

81

84

86

90

93

95

86

87

89

88

82

79

87

Source: NOAA (relative humidity and sun 1961–1990)[11][12][13], Weather.com[14]

text: Economy[edit]

text: The Phoenix Metropolitan area has historically been the center of the state's economy. As with the state of Arizona, the area relied on the 5 C's (copper, cattle, climate, citrus, and cotton) for its economic growth and expansion. However, after World War II, the area entered the manufacturing industry, which spurred the growth of what would eventually be one of the largest urban areas in the nation. Currently, the two largest industries are manufacturing and tourism. About 10 million people visit from other States and Canada each year, due to the area's mild winters and long, sunny days. The technology and service industries currently account for almost 77% of total employment in the region.[15] As well as a strong tourism industry, the Phoenix area has a significant business sector. Several Fortune 500 and Fortune 1000 companies have their international headquarters in the area, including Avnet, PetSmart, Insight Technologies, Apollo Education Group, and Sprouts Farmers Market. Other Fortune 500 companies with significant presence include Banner Health, the state's largest private employer, American Airlines, which merged with Tempe-based US Airways, American Express, Wells Fargo, Boeing, and Intel, which has a large regional campus in Chandler.[16]

text: The Metropolitan Area ranks 5th in the nation in economic growth, which is a major comeback from the recession.[17] The unemployment rate of the area is 5.3%, lower than the national rate of 6.3%. It also has slightly higher recent job growth (1.99% compared to 1.18%) and higher projected job growth (38.7% compared to 36.1%). Although the area has significantly higher sales tax rates compared with the nation as a whole (8.3% to 6%), income tax rates are lower than the national average (3.36% to 4.72%). The largest occupation by population is in the office/administrative sector, comprising more than a quarter of all jobs in the region.[18]

text: Infrastructure[edit]

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Freeways and expressways[edit]

text: The Phoenix Metropolitan Area is served by several controlled-access freeways, including:

text:
I-10 (Papago Freeway, Maricopa Freeway)
 I-17 (Black Canyon Freeway, Maricopa Freeway)
 US 60 (Maricopa Freeway, Superstition Freeway)
 SR 51 (Piestewa Freeway)
 Loop 101 (Agua Fria, Pima, Price Freeway)
 SR 143 (Hohokam Expressway)
 Loop 202 (Red Mountain, Santan Freeway)
 Loop 303 (Bob Stump Memorial Parkway)

text: Many new freeways are planned to be built in the future, either through upgrades of existing roads such as SR 74, SR 85, and Northern Parkway; or through the construction of new freeways where no road existed before such as SR 24, SR 30, I-11, and the South Mountain Freeway portion of Loop 202.

text: Arterial roads[edit]

text: Most of the arterial roads in the Phoenix metropolitan area are laid out on a regular grid, following the section lines established in the Public Land Survey System. As a result, arterial roads in cities that had once been geographically separate may have been given different names while occupying the same section line. When these roads were extended to accommodate the growth in the area they eventually merged into a single road while the previous segments retained their existing names. This results in several cases of a road abruptly changing names; for example, Dunlap Avenue in Phoenix becomes Olive Avenue west of 43rd Avenue, in Glendale.

text: Another quirk of a grid system based upon the Public Land Survey System is due to the occasional corrections in the grid caused by the curvature of the earth. This results in arterial roadways deviating slightly from a straight line, as can be seen in many locations where roads abruptly curve either just north or just south of Baseline Road to follow a new section line.

text: The majority of the cities in the metropolitan area, as well as unincorporated areas in Maricopa County, observe the addressing system employed by the City of Phoenix. A number of cities, however, retain their own addressing systems with differing reference points, creating the potential for multiple instances of a house number being found on the same named road.

text: In terms of numbering systems, some roads that continue through multiple cities will switch numbering conventions several times. A drive eastward along Broadway Road, for example, will pass through Goodyear, Avondale, Phoenix, Tempe, Mesa, and Apache Junction, each with their own reference point for address numbering. Though the street does not curve, the direction changes from west to east in each city and back again when moving from one city to the next, causing considerable overlap in numbers.

text: Street numbering systems[edit]

text:
[19][20]
Most communities in Maricopa County use the Phoenix-County numbering system, with the point of origin at Central Avenue and Washington Street. In the Phoenix-County system, north-south numbered roads labeled "avenue", "drive", and "lane" are located West of Central Avenue, while those labeled "street", "place" and "way" are located east of Central Avenue. Starting with 579th Avenue[21] in the west near Tonopah the avenues count down with approximately 8 numbers per mile to 19th Avenue and count up again to from 16th Street to 228th Street[22] near Queen Creek in the east. They go, in order from west to east (although not all necessarily exist):

text:
2nd Avenue – 1st Dale – 1st Glen – 1st Lane – 1st Drive – 1st Avenue
Central Avenue
1st Street – 1st Place – 1st Way – 1st Terrace – 1st Run – 2nd Street

text: This has been a source of confusion for some newcomers, who might end up, for example, at 91st Avenue and Thunderbird Road, when in fact they intended to go to 91st Street and Thunderbird Road, between 30 minutes and an hour away from one another depending on traffic.

text: One beneficial quality of this arrangement for unfamiliar travelers is that the major north-south arterial roads are rarely similarly named; the "avenue" arterials in the West Valley are all odd-numbered and the "street" arterials in the East Valley are even-numbered, with the exception of 7th Ave. & 7th St., both being major roadways running parallel and each one-half mile from Central Ave.

text: Communities in Maricopa County that have their own street numbering systems include:

text:
Community

Point of Origin

Apache Junction

Idaho Road & Junction Drive

Avondale (historic downtown only)

Central Avenue & Western Avenue

Buckeye (historic downtown only)

Monroe Avenue & 1st Street

Chandler (historic downtown only)

Commonwealth Place & Arizona Avenue

Gilbert

Gilbert Road & Elliot Road

Litchfield Park

Old Litchfield Road & Wigwam Boulevard

Mesa (historic downtown only)

Center Street & Main Street

Goodyear (historic district only)

Western Avenue & Litchfield Road

Tempe

Mill Avenue & the Salt River

Wickenburg

Center Street & Frontier Street

Wittmann (core area only)

Center Street & Grand Avenue

text: Additional confusion can be encountered in Mesa in its urban core, with east-west numbered avenues and drives counting down from 11th Avenue north towards Main Street),[23] and numbered streets and places counting down from 11th Place south towards Main Street.[24]  Then, in the eastern part of the city, north-south streets and places count up from 22nd St east of Gilbert Rd,[25] to 112th Street on the Apache Junction border.[26]  Also, numerous trailer parks inside the city limits run their own contradictory variations of the numbered street system.[27]

text: Most communities in Pinal County use the Pinal County street numbering system, whose point of origin is at SR 287 and 11 Mile Corner Road (the intersection of which is known as "11 Mile Corner"). Exceptions include:

text:
Community

Point of origin

Apache Junction

Idaho Road & Junction Drive

Casa Grande

Ash Avenue & Center Street

Coolidge

Central Avenue & railroad tracks

Eloy

Alsdorf Road & Main Street

Florence

Butte Avenue & Main Street

Queen Creek

(follows Phoenix-County)

Stanfield

SR 84 & Stanfield Road

text: Note that Apache Junction continues Mesa's convention of numbered street names by having the north-south sequence continue up from 112th St while simultaneously having east-west numbered avenues south of Apache Trail and east-west numbered streets north of Apache Trail.[28]

text: Traffic safety[edit]

text: In term of safety, the Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ metropolitan area has been ranked 16th most dangerous in the USA, base on its Pedestrian Danger Index, computed on the share of local commuters who walk to work and the most recent data on pedestrian deaths as found in a 2016 report released by Smart Growth America[29].

text: Rail[edit]

text: Amtrak's Los Angeles-New Orleans Sunset Limited served Phoenix from 1971 until it was rerouted on June 2, 1996, to a more southerly route between Tucson and Yuma, Arizona, in order to accommodate the Union Pacific Railroad's desire to abandon a portion of its Phoenix-to-Yuma "West Line." This made Phoenix one of the largest cities in the nation without direct passenger service. The designated Phoenix-area stop is in Maricopa, about 40 miles south of downtown Phoenix.

text: A light rail system (dubbed the "METRO Light Rail," or "Worm") runs more than 20 miles from suburban Mesa, through Tempe and into Phoenix, traveling through the downtown area, offering access to Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport and linking two of the four metro area campuses of Arizona State University. The light rail began public operation on December 27, 2008, and it was projected to initially accommodate 26,000 boardings a day, or more than 8 million boardings in its first year.  The Valley Metro Rail boardings has experienced constant growth since the beginning.  In the year 2012, the light rail boarded just over 14 million people.

text: Many expansions to the METRO system are currently in the early planning stages, and two are under construction. The Central Mesa extension project, which extends the Main Street line 2½ miles from its current terminus at Sycamore to Mesa Drive in Downtown Mesa, has finished construction and opened on August 22, 2015.[30] The Northwest rail project opened March 2016. The project extended the 19th Avenue track from its former terminus at Montebello Ave to Dunlap Avenue, 3 miles north.[31] Many more extensions are funded, with further projects being studied for feasibility.

text: Aviation[edit]

text: In 2010, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport was the 24th busiest passenger facility in the world and the 10th busiest in the United States, with more than 38 million passengers using the facility. With three terminal buildings encompassing 120 gates, more than 20 airlines offer daily non-stop flights to destinations throughout the world.

text: The Phoenix-Mesa Gateway Airport started commercial passenger flights in 2004. The airport currently provides service to 39 destinations.

text: There are several municipal and regional airports in the metropolitan area; however, none of them are currently used by commercial airlines for passenger flights. They include, but are not limited to, Glendale Airport, Phoenix Deer Valley Airport, Phoenix Goodyear Airport, Scottsdale Airport, Falcon Field, Chandler Airport, Buckeye Airport, Phoenix Regional Airport, Pleasant Valley Airport, Estrella Sailport, Stellar Airpark, Skyranch at Carefree, Gila River Memorial Airport, Pegasus Airpark.

text: Housing[edit]

text: Changes in house prices for the area are publicly tracked on a regular basis using the Case–Shiller index; the statistic is published by Standard & Poor's and is also a component of S&P's 20-city composite index of the value of the U.S. residential real estate market.


document_title: Warhammer: Vermintide 2

question_text: when does vermintide 2 come out on xbox one

text: Warhammer: Vermintide 2

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Warhammer: Vermintide 2 is a game with gameplay experienced from a first-person perspective.[1] Set in the Warhammer Fantasy fictional universe, players battle cooperatively against the Chaos army and a race of rat-men known as the Skaven.[1][2] The game features five different characters to play as. These characters are divided into 15 different careers, each with a unique set of skills and abilities.[3] After players complete missions, they receive rewards through a randomised loot system.[4][3]

text: Plot[edit]

text: The game is set in the Warhammer Fantasy universe during the early days of the End Times, an apocalyptic event that eventually ended in the destruction of the Warhammer World. The game follows the Heroes of Ubersreik from the first game against the skaven hordes of Clan Fester and their new allies, the Rotbloods (a chaos warband dedicated to Nurgle, the Chaos God of Disease and Decay).

text: Story[edit]

text: Following the events of the first game, Grey Seer Rasknitt (antagonist of the first game who was presumed dead and leader of Clan Fester) has successfully captured the five Heroes of Ubersreik. Without the interference of the heroes, the city of Ubersreik fell to the forces of Clan Fester. Rasknitt has since ordered the construction of a massive portal known as the Skittergate, which will allow the Chaos Champion Bödvarr Ribspreader and his Rotblood army easy access to the border-city of Helmgart. However, the Skittergate intermittently fails, preventing Bödvarr from summoning his entire army. When the Skittergate disastrously fails to activate again, the resulting destruction frees one of the heroes, Markus Kruber (A male imperial), from captivity. He fights his way through the skaven lair and reunites with the rest of the heroes: Victor Saltzpyre (a male imperial), Bardin Goreksson (a male dwarf), Sienna Fuegonasus (a female bright wizard) and Kerillian (a female wood elf).

text: They escape the lair and are transported to a ruined keep where they meet up with the rest of their allies: Franz Lohner (a former innkeeper who directs the heroes' missions) and Olesya Pimenova (a witch who creates the bridge of shadows, the heroes' main method of transportation). Reunited, the heroes and their allies work together to stop the combined forces of Skaven and Chaos. They first slay the sorcerer lord Burblespue Halescourge, who attempted to enact a ritual to unleash a massive plague upon Helmgart. Next, they defeat skaven warlord Skarrik Spinemanglr, who had set up a base in a fallen dwarfen karak. Enraged by the heroes' continuous interference, Bödvarr sends the majority of his forces to discover the heroes' keep and eliminate them. However, this leave his war camp lightly defended. The heroes attack Bödvarr's war camp and slay him in an arena.

text: With Rasknitt's allies dead and his forces depleted, Lohner states that the time is now to destroy the Skittergate and Rasknitt once and for all. He informs them that they need to activate the Helmgart Skittergate and travel through it to Norsca, where the other part of the gate is located. Once there, the heroes proceed to destroy the Norscan Skittergate and return to Helmgart. Rasknitt appears and summons his Stormfiend, Deathrattler, and combats the heroes. After a vicious fight, Rasknitt is at last slain. The lair and the Skittergate collapse, whilst the heroes escape back to the keep.

text: Development and release[edit]

text: Vermintide 2 was developed by Swedish video game studio Fatshark.[4] Vermintide 2 was announced in August 2017. The game's worldwide reveal occurred on 17 October 2017.[5] The game was released for Windows on 8 March 2018.[6] The game is also expected to be released on PlayStation 4 and Xbox One in 2018.[3]

text: Reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2018)

text:
Reception

Aggregate score

Aggregator
Score

Metacritic
(PC) 81/100[7]

Review scores

Publication
Score

Destructoid
8/10

IGN
8/10

PC Gamer (US)
80%

text: The game sold over 500,000 copies in four days after the initial PC release.[8] Tom Marks, writing from IGN, wrote positively about the game, comically praising it on the creative forms of dismemberment that the players can participate in against the "ratmen", one of the primary antagonists of the game, and lack of microtransactions, which he compares favorably against Star Wars Battlefront 2.[9]


document_title: Lidia Bastianich

question_text: what does lydia say at the end of each show

text: Lidia Bastianich

text: Early life[edit]

text: Lidia Bastianich was born Lidia Giuliana Matticchio on February 21, 1947, in Pola, formerly Italian (now a city in Croatia), but made a part of Yugoslavia according to the February 10, 1947 Paris Peace Treaty with Italy. She is the daughter of Erminia (née Pavichievaz), (the daughter of Rosaria Smilovich) and Vittorio Matticchio (the son of Antonio Motika and Francesca Lovrecich).[2] Living nine years under Marshal Tito's Communist regime in Yugoslavia, during which time her family changed the name Matticchio back to Motika,[3] her father, Vittorio, in 1956 sent his wife and their two children to visit relatives in Trieste, Italy, while he remained in Istria to comply with the government's mandate that one member of a family remain in Yugoslavia to ensure that the rest would return.[4] Hours later, Vittorio himself left Yugoslavia under cover of darkness and crossed the border into Italy.[4] Their departure was part of the larger Istrian exodus.

text: The Matticchio family reunited in Trieste, Italy,[5] joining other families who had claimed political asylum from Communist Yugoslavia starting in 1947, many of whom remained in refugee camps throughout Italy for years. For the Matticchio family, the Risiera di San Sabba camp was one that had been an abandoned rice factory in Trieste that had been converted to a Nazi concentration camp during World War II and partially destroyed towards the end of the war, the Risiera di San Sabba. According to Bastianich in a Public Television documentary, although a wealthy Triestine family hired her mother as a cook–housekeeper and her father as a limousine driver, they remained residents of the refugee camp. Two years later, their displaced persons application was granted to emigrate to the U.S.[5] In 1958, the Matticchio family reached New York City.[5][6] The 12-year-old Lidia and her family moved to North Bergen, New Jersey, and later Queens, New York.[7]

text: Bastianich gives credit for the family's new roots in America to their sponsor, Catholic Relief Services:[5][6][8]

text:
“
Catholic Relief Services' brought us here to New York; we had no one. They found a home for us. They found a job for my father. And ultimately we settled. And I am the perfect example that if you give somebody a chance, especially here in the United States, one can find the way.[8]
”

text: Bastianich started working part-time when she was 14 (the legal age for a work permit), during which time she briefly worked at the Astoria bakery owned by Christopher Walken's father. After graduating from high school, she began to work full-time at a pizzeria on the upper west side of Manhattan.[9]

text: At her sweet sixteen birthday party, she was introduced to her future husband, Felice "Felix" Bastianich, a fellow Istrian immigrant[2][10][11] and restaurant worker from Labin (Albona), on the eastern coast of Istria, Croatia. The couple married in 1966 and Lidia gave birth to their son, Joseph, in 1968. Their second child, Tanya, was born in 1972.

text: Career[edit]

text: From Queens to Manhattan (1971–1981)[edit]

text: In 1971, the Bastianich couple opened their first restaurant, the tiny Buonavia, meaning "good road", in the Forest Hills section of Queens, with Bastianich as its hostess. They created their restaurant's menu by copying recipes from the most popular and successful Italian restaurants of the day, and they hired the best Italian-American chef that they could find.

text: After a brief break to deliver her second child Tanya, in 1972 Bastianich began training as the assistant chef at Buonavia, gradually learning enough to cook popular Italian dishes on her own, after which the couple began adding traditional Istrian dishes to their menu.

text: The success of Buonavia led to the opening of a second restaurant in Queens, Villa Secondo. It was here that Bastianich gained the attention of local food critics and started to give live cooking demonstrations, a prelude to her future career as a television cooking show hostess.

text: In 1981, Bastianich's father died, and the family sold their two Queens restaurants and purchased a small Manhattan brownstone containing a pre-existing restaurant on the East Side of Manhattan near the 59th Street Bridge to Queens. They converted it into what would eventually become their flagship restaurant, Felidia (a contraction of "Felice" and "Lidia"). After liquidating nearly every asset they had to cover $750,000 worth of renovations, Felidia finally opened to near-universal acclaim from their loyal following of food critics, including The New York Times, which gave Felidia three stars.

text: Expansion[edit]

text: Although Lidia and Felice sent their two children to college without expectations that either would go into the restaurant business, Joseph, who had frequently done odd jobs for his parents at Felidia, gave up his newly launched career as a Wall Street bond trader[12] and in 1993 convinced his parents to partner with him to open Becco (Italian for "peck, nibble, savor") in the Theater District in Manhattan. Like Felidia, Becco was an immediate success and led to the opening of additional restaurants outside New York City, including Lidia's Kansas City in 1998,[13] and Lidia's Pittsburgh in 2001.[14]

text: In 1993, Julia Child invited Bastianich to tape an episode of her Public Television series Julia Child: Cooking With Master Chefs, which featured acclaimed chefs from around the U.S., preparing dishes in their own home kitchens. The guest appearance gave Bastianich confidence and determination to expand the Bastianich family's own commercial interests. After many disagreements about the direction their entrepreneurial and personal lives had taken — most notably the pace of the expansion and character of their business — Lidia and Felice divorced in 1998. Bastianich continued expanding her business while Felice transferred his shares in the business to their two children. He died on December 12, 2010.

text: By the late 1990s, Bastianich's restaurants had evolved into a truly family-owned and operated enterprise. Bastianich's mother, Erminia Motika, maintained the large garden behind the family home, from which Bastianich chose ingredients to use in recipe development. Joe was the chief sommelier of the restaurant group, in addition to branching out into his own restaurant line with friend and famed Italian chef Mario Batali. Bastianich's daughter Tanya Bastianich Manuali used her Ph.D in Italian art history as the foundation for a travel agency partnership with her mother called Esperienze Italiane, through which Tanya and friend Shelly Burgess Nicotra (Executive Producer of Bastianich's television series and head of PR at Lidia's Italy) offered tours throughout Italy. Tanya's husband, attorney Corrado Manuali, became the restaurant group's chief legal counsel.[15]

text: In 2010, Bastianich and her son partnered with Oscar Farinetti and Mario Batali to open Eataly, a 50,000-square-foot (4,600 m2) food emporium in Manhattan that is devoted to the food and culinary traditions of Italy. Bastianich offers culinary and gastronomy classes to the public at Eataly's school, La Scuola. Eataly's motto is "We sell what we cook, and we cook what we sell".[16] Eataly is now opened in Chicago and São Paulo, Brazil. They opened a second store in New York at the World Trade Center in Manhattan in 2016,[17] and another one in Boston the same year.[18]

text: The fall of 2010 also marked the debut of Lidia's Kitchen, an exclusive line of commercial cookware, and serving ware for QVC. Along with her daughter Tanya, and son-in-law Corrado Manuali, Bastianich launched Nonna Foods as a platform to distribute an array of both existing and new LIDIA'S food products. Nonna Foods has 9 cuts of pasta and 7 varieties of sauces available nationwide. Together with her son Joseph, Bastianich produces award-winning wines at Bastianich Vineyard in Friuli and La Mozza Vineyard in Maremma, Italy.[19][20]

text: Television (1998–present)[edit]

text: In 1998, Public Television offered Bastianich her own television series which became Lidia's Italian Table. It established her as a fixture in the network's line-up of cooking-shows. Since then she has hosted additional public television series, including Lidia's Family Table, Lidia's Italy, Lidia's Italy in America, and Lidia's Kitchen.

text: She also hosted a series of hour-long Public Television specials called Lidia Celebrates America, which premiered in 2011 with Lidia Celebrates America: Holiday Tables & Traditions. In the series, Bastianich celebrates the diversity of cultures across the United States and explores the American immigrant experience. The following special, Lidia Celebrates America: Weddings – Something Borrowed, Something New, aired in 2012; Lidia Celebrates America: Freedom & Independence in 2013; Lidia Celebrates America: Life’s Milestones in 2013; Lidia Celebrates America: Holiday Tables and Traditions in 2015; and Lidia Celebrates America: Holiday for Heroes in 2016.[21] Bastianich ends each episode of her show with an invitation to join her and her family for a meal, Tutti a tavola a mangiare! (Italian for "Everyone to the table to eat").

text: For the 2010 holiday season, her new television production company, Tavola Productions, created an animated holiday children's special for Public Television "Lidia's Christmas Kitchen: Nonna Tell Me a Story" to go along with the book by the same title that was written by Bastianich.[19]

text: In 2013, Bastianich returned to Public Television with Lidia’s Kitchen, a 26-part series produced by Tavola Productions. The series is in its fourth season, which premiered in 2016.

text: Among Bastianich's television show appearances, she participated as a celebrity judge on MasterChef USA, an adaptation of the BBC MasterChef (UK TV series) in 2000. Her son, Joseph Bastianich, would later go on to star as a celebrity judge on the Gordon Ramsay version of MasterChef. Bastianich has also appeared on the Italian television show Junior MasterChef Italia in 2014 and 2015 for Season 1 and Season 2. In 2016, she was a judge for the Italian television show, La Prova del Cuoco.[22]

text: Books (1990–present)[edit]

text: Bastianich has authored several cookbooks to accompany her television series:

text:
La Cucina di Lidia
Lidia's Family Table
Lidia's Italian-American Kitchen
Lidia's Italian Table
Lidia's Italy
Lidia's Italy in America
Lidia Cooks from the Heart of Italy
Lidia's Italy in America
Lidia's Favorites
Lidia's Commonsense Italian Cooking
Nonna Tell Me A Story
Nonna's Birthday Surprise
Lidia's Egg-Citing Farm Adventure
Lidia's Mastering the Art of Italian Cuisine

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text:
(1987) Recipient of Woman of the Year/Innovation Award, Restaurant Category, Women’s Institute of the Center for Food and Hotel Management
(1993) Nominated for “Best Chef in New York” by the James Beard Foundation; Felidia
(1994) Nominated for “Best Chef in New York” by the James Beard Foundation; Felidia
(1996) Nominated for “Best Chef in New York” by the James Beard Foundation; Felidia
(1996) Recipient of "Who's Who of Food & Beverage in America" James Beard Award [23]
(1997) Nominated for “Best Chef in New York” by the James Beard Foundation; Felidia
(1998) Nominated for “Best Chef in New York” by the James Beard Foundation; Felidia
(1999) Named “Best Chef in New York” by the James Beard Foundation [24]
(2001) Lidia's Italian-American Kitchen wins International Association Culinary Professionals (IACP) cookbook Award in “Chefs and restaurants“ category [25]
(2002) Lidia’s Italian-American Kitchen nominated for James Beard Award in “Best National Television Cooking Show or Special“ category
(2002) Named “Best Outstanding Chef” by the James Beard Foundation [26]
(2002) Named “The First Lady of Italian Cuisine and Restaurants in the United States” by Senator George Onorato
(2007) Lidia’s Family Table nominated for James Beard Award in “National Television Food Show” category
(2008) Lidia’s Italy: 140 Simple and Delicious Recipes from the Ten Places in Italy Lidia Loves Most nominated for James Beard Award in “International Book” category
(2008) Lidia’s Italy nominated for Emmy Award [27]

text:
(2009) Lidia's Italy named “Best Cooking Show” by the James Beard Foundation [28]
(2010) Lidia Cooks From the Heart of Italy nominated for James Beard Award in “International Book” category
(2011) Lidia Celebrates America receives highest honor of Silver Award for in Film/Video Silver Winners category for the 32nd Annual Telly Awards
(2012) Lidia Celebrates America: Holiday Tables & Traditions nominated for “Outstanding Documentary” by the James Beard Foundation [29]
(2013) Wins Emmy for "Outstanding Culinary Host" [30]
(2013) Lidia Celebrates America: Something Borrowed Something New receives New York Festivals Award [31]
(2014) Three Tavola productions- Lidia's Kitchen, Lidia Celebrates America, and Amy Thielen's Heartland Table on the Food Network nominated for a James Beard Award
(2014) Lidia Celebrates America: Freedom and Independence receives Telly Award
(2014) Lidia Celebrates America nominated for a Rockie Award at Banff World Media Festival in “Lifestyle” category [32]
(2016) Lidia Celebrates America: Home for the Holidays wins "Best Special" by the James Beard Foundation [33]
(2016) Lidia Celebrates America: Home for the Holidays named “Best Food Program” at Taste Awards
(2017) Nominated for a Daytime Emmy Award in “Outstanding Culinary Host” category [34]
(2017) Lidia Celebrates America: Holiday for Heroes named “Best Special" by the James Beard Foundation [35]

text: Other Awards and honors[edit]

text:
(1996) Recipient of Distinguished Service Award and recognized for “Outstanding contribution and dedicated service to the Italian-American Community” by the Italian Government
(1999) Honored as "Commendatore" of the Republic of Italy
(2000) Golden Whisk Award by Women Chefs and Restaurateurs [36]
(2002) “La Bellisima America” Award from Italian American Museum [37]
(2007) Honors Award from Careers through Culinary Arts Program (C-CAP)
(2007) Grand Marshal of the Columbus Day Parade in New York City
(2008) Chef for Papal Celebration; Pope Benedict XVI during visit to New York City [38]
(2008) Recipient of Bpeace’s first-ever Economic Impact Award [39]
(2008) Honored as Commandor (“Commendatore”) by the Italian President, Napolitano
(2008) Guest at Dinner honoring Italian Prime Minister at the White House; Washington
(2009) Honoree at Great Chefs event to benefit Greenwich Health at Greenwich Hospital
(2009) National Italian American Foundation (NIAF) Special Achievement Award for humanitarian service [40]
(2010) Bastianich family honored by the National Organization of Italian American Women (NOIAW) for their outstanding contributions to Italian culture in America. [41]
(2012) Recipient of Lifetime Achievement Award at Healthcare Chaplaincy Wholeness of Life Awards Dinner [42]

text:
(2013) Honored at The Philips Collection Annual Gala [43]
(2015) Chef for Papal Celebration; Pope Francis during visit to New York City [44]
(2015) Italian Talent Award by The Italian Talent Association [45]
(2015) Augie Award at the Annual Culinary Institute of America Leadership Awards [46]
(2016) Lifetime Achievement Award from Women with Wings and Wisdom [47]
(2016) Spirit Award from Kansas City Women in Film and Television [48]
(2016) Honored at Les Dames d'Escoffier Fundraiser Gala; Vancouver [49]
(2017) Queens Ambassador Awards from Community News Group [50]
(2017) Recipient of Grand Dame Award by the Les Dames D' Escoffier International [51]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Bastianich lives in Queens, New York, with her mother, Erminia Motika. Bastianich's own kitchen has served as the stage set for all four of her television series, and the garden that Erminia maintains provides many of the ingredients featured in the shows. Erminia, who answers to "grandma," frequently serves as a sous-chef in various episodes of the television series.

text: Joe Bastianich occasionally appears in his mother's series to offer wine expertise. He and their three children live in Greenwich, Connecticut, while his wife Deanna lives in New York City.

text: Tanya Bastianich Manuali, with her husband Corrado Manuali and their two children, lives just a few blocks away from her mother. Tanya is integrally involved in the production of Lidia's public television series as an owner and Executive Producer of Tavola Productions, and is active daily in the family restaurant business.

text: In an interview by American Public Television, Bastianich spoke of how important it is for her to pass on family traditions:

text:
“
Food for me was a connecting link to my grandmother, to my childhood, to my past. And what I found out is that for everybody, food is a connector to their roots, to their past in different ways. It gives you security; it gives you a profile of who you are, where you come from.[52]
”

text: Bastianich is also a devout Roman Catholic.

text: Philanthropy[edit]

text: Lidia Bastianich is an active member of society who participates in community service activities and special events on behalf of several foundations. She is a founding member of Les Dames d’Escoffier and Women Chefs and Restaurateurs, two non-profit organizations of women leaders in the food and hospitality industries.

text: Bastianich is on the Board of the Arrupe College,[53] a higher education program founded by the Loyola University of Chicago for underprivileged students, and regularly hosts Fundraisers for the program at Eataly in Chicago.[54][55] BoysGrow, a local non-profit vocational training program, is another organization that she works with by hosting annual Benefit Dinners since 2013 at her restaurant Lidia’s in Kansas City.[56] In addition, she has helped raise funds for United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM)- now known as UN Women- as co-chair of charity events and Benefit Dinners throughout her career.

text: Bastianich is also actively involved with various non-profit organizations that are focused on promoting and celebrating Italian and Italian-American culture and heritage. She is part of the National Organization of Italian American Women's Distinguished Board,[57] a national organization for women of Italian ancestry that focuses on preserving Italian heritage, language and culture. In 2010, the Bastianich family was honored by NOIAW for their outstanding contributions to Italian culture in America.[58]

text: She supports the Columbus Citizens Foundation, a non-profit organization focused on promoting and celebrating Italian-American heritage. She was the Grand Marshal of the Columbus Day Parade in New York City in 2007,[59] and an honorary guest at the 2016 Columbus Celebration Kickoff Event at Eataly Downtown in New York City.[60]

text: Moreover, Bastianich has worked with the Italian American Committee on Education (IACE), a New York-based non-profit organization that promotes the study of Italian language and culture, by visiting elementary schools and speaking to students as a guest speaker, such as in 2011 in Harlem [61] and in 2014 in the Bronx.[62] In 2014, Bastianich led the committee that determined the winners of a contest initiative launched by Eataly and IACE for students.[63]


document_title: History of the United States Virgin Islands

question_text: when did the us get the virgin islands

question_tokens: when did the us get the virgin islands

text: Overview[edit]

text: The USVI is located in the Lesser Antilles of the Eastern Caribbean (between the Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea), the USVI are actually approximately 50 islands and cays (pronounced "keys"), the largest of which are St. Croix, St. Thomas and St. John, respectively.[1]

text: The population of the USVI forms a complex society with multiple diverse ethnic groups:Virgin Islanders, Eastern Caribbean islanders, Puerto Ricans, Dominicans (Dominican Republic), French, Americans (locally known as "continentals"), white Arabs and Asians. At least one writer feels the ethnic cultural practices and institutions that remain, migration, and the influence of the mainland United States have made the society more pluralistic than given it any common Virgin Islands identity.[2]

text: Early inhabitants of the Virgin Islands included the Ciboney, Arawaks, and Island Caribs.

text: The first documented Europeans to visit the islands arrived with Christopher Columbus. The islands were occupied by several nations over the next century, including England, the Dutch Republic, France, and Denmark.[citation needed] In 1733, the Danish West India Company purchased Saint Croix from the French and brought together Saint Thomas, Saint Croix, and Saint John as the Danish West Indies.

text: Danish trading posts were set up on the islands, trading in sugar, slaves and other goods. Sugar cane cultivation was a major economic activity for many years, with slaves used as one of the labor sources. However, following increasing humanitarian awareness, laws against slavery and a slave rebellion in 1848, the governor Peter von Scholten officially freed the last slaves the same year.

text: The islands were purchased from the Danish by the United States in 1917 under the Treaty of the Danish West Indies.

text: Early history[edit]

text: The Guanahatabey[edit]

text: Although not much is known about the Guanahatabey people who inhabited the islands during the Stone Age, archaeological evidence seems to indicate that they were hunter-gatherers. They made tools of stone and flint but left few other artifacts behind.

text: The Arawaks[edit]

text: Experts at canoe building and seamanship, the Arawaks migrated from the Amazon River Valley and Orinoco regions of Venezuela and Brazil, settling on the islands near coasts and rivers. These peaceful people excelled at fishing and farming. They grew cotton, tobacco, maize, yuca, and guava as well as a variety of other fruits and vegetables.

text: The Arawaks developed intricate social and cultural lives. For recreation, they held organized sporting events. They also valued artistic endeavors, such as cave painting and rock carving, some of which have survived to the present. Religion played a large role in their daily lives, and through ceremonial rituals they asked their gods for advice to help them through troubled times. Their civilization flourished for several hundred years until the Caribs invaded.

text: Caribs[edit]

text: While the Caribs came from the same area as the Arawaks and may have been distantly related, they did not share the Arawaks' friendly nature. Not only were they fierce warriors, they supposedly feasted on their adversaries. Their bloodthirsty reputation spawned the English word cannibal, derived from the name the Spanish gave them, Caribal.

text: Whether or not they actually ate their victims, the Caribs did destroy numerous Arawak villages. By the mid-15th century, the Caribs had slashed the Arawak population from several million to a few thousand. But even the Caribs were no match for the Europeans who came.

text: Spanish period[edit]

text: Blown off course during his 1493–1496 voyage, Christopher Columbus landed on Saint Croix, then continued his explorations on Saint Thomas and Saint John. He gave the islands their original Spanish names (Santa Cruz, San Tomas, and San Juan), focusing on religious themes. The collection of tiny islets, cays, and rocks dotting the sea around them reminded Columbus of Saint Ursula and her 11,000 virgin martyrs, inspiring the name Las Once Mil Virgenes.

text: The first encounter Columbus had with the Caribs quickly erupted into a battle. When Columbus and his crew decided to move on to other islands, they kidnapped six Arawaks to guide them. Although Columbus left without founding a colony, many more battles between the Spanish and Caribs followed over the next century.

text: French period[edit]

text: For the French colonisation see French West Indies, Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique and the Hospitaller colonization of the Americas.

text: The French and Danish colonizers finished the job the Spanish had begun. They tried to convert the Caribs and Arawaks to Catholicism and Lutheranism, which largely failed. They also enslaved the native populations to work on plantations. With tobacco having already been cultivated on the islands, it made a good cash crop. Later on, coffee, sugar, and cotton also were grown.

text: The Danish West Indies period[edit]

text: Diseases, coupled with murder and slavery, took a large toll on both the Arawaks and the Caribs. Several groups of Arawaks committed mass suicide rather than submit to foreign rule.[citation needed] By the late 17th century, the Arawaks had been completely exterminated and few Caribs remained.[citation needed] The Virgin Islands were raided by Spanish from Puerto Rico seeking slaves.

text: With only a small population on the islands, there was a great demand for labor. The trans-Atlantic slave trade to the islands began in 1673. The difficult conditions and inhumane treatment slaves were subjected to bred discontent. Moravian Brethren missionaries from Herrnhut Saxony, arrived in St. Thomas in December 1732. Distrusted by the slave holders, they lived with the slaves and won their confidence.

text: In 1733 a long drought followed by a devastating hurricane pushed slaves in St. John to the breaking point. Members of the Akwamu tribe from modern Ghana staged a massive rebellion, seizing control of the island for six months. The Danes, who controlled the island at that point, enlisted the help of French authorities from Martinique to regain control (see St. John Slave Revolt).

text: A non-violent slave revolt in 1848 proved more successful. The governor at the time, Peter von Scholten, faced with thousands of enslaved Africans with burning torches threatening to burn down the town of Frederiksted, freed the slaves, even though the Danish Crown had so far intended that the last slaves would be emancipated in 1859. Von Scholten would later be summoned before a commission of enquiry for his action and deprived of his pension but he was eventually exonerated by the Supreme Court.[citation needed]

text: American rule[edit]

text: The United States' first secretary in London, Henry White attempted to purchase the islands from Denmark in 1899 to resist European incursions into the Americas. The sale was unsuccessful and White attributed the failure to the influence of Kaiser Wilhelm II of the ascendent German Empire.[3] During World War I, the fear of rising German influence in the Caribbean region prompted the President Woodrow Wilson to assert the Roosevelt Corollary in Haiti and the Dominican Republic.

text: In 1917 a treaty was concluded in which the United States purchased the islands for $25,000,000 (about $390,000,000 in 2010 dollars)[citation needed]. After the United States bought what is now known as the United States Virgin Islands from the Danish, the islands became an unincorporated U.S. territory. Most residents were granted U.S. citizenship in 1936, and an act of 1932 provided that all natives of the Virgin Islands who on the date of the act were residing in the continental United States or any of its insular possessions or territories were U.S. citizens. The islands remained under the direct control of the U.S. government until 1968, when residents were first allowed to elect their own Governor (previously, governors had been appointed first by the navy, then by the interior department). In 1972, residents elected their first non-voting delegate to congress.

text: 1917–1931: U.S. Navy control[edit]

text: Under Rear Admiral Kitten, a yeoman named Percival Wilson Sparks (married to St. Thomas native, Grace Itah Maria Joseph Sparks) was ordered to design a new flag for the territory, since Kitten knew of Sparks' interest in graphic design. Sparks designed the flag and had his wife and her sister, Blanche Joseph Sasso, sew the first flag for the U.S.V.I. as the professionally made flags had to be manufactured in the states and would take weeks to arrive by ship. The sisters from St. Thomas were then known as the Betsy Rosses of the Virgin Islands.

text: 1930s and 1940s[edit]

text: The 1930s represented a watershed as the economy reversed itself because of two external stimuli: The repeal of prohibition in the U.S., which greatly increased the demand for plantation workers, and the wartime decision to construct a submarine base on the Islands of St. Thomas. Because of habitual out-migration to the U.S. and the historical absence of a peasant agricultural tradition, the indigenous labor supply was inadequate. This vacuum created the demand for West Indian Labor from the Eastern Caribbean for the first of several immigrant waves.[4]

text: The Organic Act of the Virgin Islands of the United States of 1936 (Pub.L. 74–749, 49 Stat. 1807, enacted June 22, 1936) established a government for the U.S. Virgin Islands, replacing previous temporary provisions (Pub.L. 64–389, 39 Stat. 1132, enacted March 3, 1917).

text: Since the 1950s[edit]

text: The Virgin Islands Government set a new policy of export diversification via tourism and light industry. People continued to immigrate in substantial numbers — some legally and others illegally. They benefited from a series of loose interpretations and favorable revisions of immigration law which reduced occupational restrictions and generally lax enforcement.[4]

text: In 1954, the Revised Organic Act of the Virgin Islands repealed and replaced the previous Organic Act of the Virgin Islands.