document_title: Pound (mass)

question_text: how many us pounds in a uk stone

question_tokens: how many us pounds in a uk stone

text: Pound (mass)

text: Current use[edit]

text: The United States and countries of the Commonwealth of Nations agreed upon common definitions for the pound and the yard. Since 1 July 1959, the international avoirdupois pound (symbol lb) has been defined as exactly 6999453592370000000♠0.45359237 kg.[7][8]

text: In the United Kingdom, the use of the international pound was implemented in the Weights and Measures Act 1963.[9]

text: The yard or the metre shall be the unit of measurement of length and the pound or the kilogram shall be the unit of measurement of mass by reference to which any measurement involving a measurement of length or mass shall be made in the United Kingdom; and- (a) the yard shall be 0.9144 metre exactly; (b) the pound shall be 0.45359237 kilogram exactly.

text: An avoirdupois pound is equal to 16 avoirdupois ounces and to exactly 7,000 grains. The conversion factor between the kilogram and the international pound was therefore chosen to be divisible by 7, and an (international) grain is thus equal to exactly 7001647989100000000♠64.79891 milligrams.

text: In the UK, the process of metrication and European units of measurement directives were expected to eliminate the use of the pound and ounce, but in 2007 the European Commission abandoned the requirement for metric-only labelling on packaged goods there, and allowed for dual metric–imperial marking to continue indefinitely.[10][11] When used as a measurement of body weight the UK practice remains to use the stone of 14 pounds as the primary measure e.g. "11 stone 4 pounds", rather than "158 pounds" (as done in the US),[12] or "72 kilograms" as used elsewhere.

text: The US has not adopted the metric system[13] despite many efforts to do so, and the pound remains widely used as one of the key United States customary units.

text: Historic use[edit]

text: Historically, in different parts of the world, at different points in time, and for different applications, the pound (or its translation) has referred to broadly similar but not identical standards of mass or force.[14]

text: Roman libra[edit]

text: The libra (Latin for "scales / balance") is an ancient Roman unit of mass that was equivalent to approximately 328.9 grams.[15][16][17] It was divided into 12 unciae (singular: uncia), or ounces. The libra is the origin of the abbreviation for pound, "lb".

text: In Britain[edit]

text: A number of different definitions of the pound have historically been used in Britain. Amongst these were the avoirdupois pound and the obsolete Tower, merchant's and London pounds.[18] Troy pounds and ounces remain in use only for the weight of certain precious metals, especially in the trade; these are normally quoted just in ounces (e.g. "500 ounces") and, when the type of ounce is not explicitly stated, the troy system is assumed.

text: Historically, the pound sterling was a Tower pound of silver. In 1528, the standard was changed to the Troy pound.

text:
English pounds

Unit

v
t
e

Pounds
Ounces
Grains
Metric

Avdp.
Troy
Tower
Merchant
London
Metric
Avdp.
Troy
Tower
Troy
Tower
g
kg

Avoirdupois
1
175/144
= 1.21527
35/27
= 1.296
28/27
= 1.037
35/36
= 0.972
≈ 0.9072
16
14 7/12
= 14.583
15 5/9
= 15.5
7000
09955 5/9
≈ 454
≈ 5/11

Troy
144/175
≈ 0.8229
1
16/15
= 1.06
64/75
= 0.853
4/5
= 0.8
≈ 0.7465
13 29/175
≈ 13.17
12
12 4/5
= 12.8
5760
08192
≈ 373
≈ 3/8

Tower
27/35
≈ 0.7714
15/16
= 0.9375
1
4/5
= 0.8
3/4
= 0.75
≈ 0.6998
12 12/35
≈ 12.34
11 1/4
= 11.25
12
5400
07680
≈ 350
≈ 7/20

Merchant
27/28
≈ 0.9643
75/64
= 1.171875
5/4
= 1.25
1
15/16
= 0.9375
≈ 0.8748
15 3/7
≈ 15.43
14 1/16
= 14.0625
15
6750
09600
≈ 437
≈ 7/16

London
36/35
≈ 1.029
5/4
= 1.25
4/3
= 1.3
16/15
= 1.06
1
≈ 0.9331
16 16/35
≈ 16.46
15
16
7200
10240
≈ 467
≈ 7/15

Metric

≈ 1.1023

≈ 1.3396

≈ 1.4290

≈ 1.1431

≈ 1.0717
1

≈ 17.64

≈ 16.08

≈ 17.15
7716
10974
= 500
= 1/2

text: Avoirdupois pound[edit]

text: The avoirdupois pound, also known as the wool pound, first came into general use c. 1300. It was initially equal to 6992 troy grains. The pound avoirdupois was divided into 16 ounces. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth, the avoirdupois pound was redefined as 7,000 troy grains. Since then, the grain has often been an integral part of the avoirdupois system. By 1758, two Elizabethan Exchequer standard weights for the avoirdupois pound existed, and when measured in troy grains they were found to be of 7,002 grains and 6,999 grains.[19][20]

text: Imperial Standard Pound[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, weights and measures have been defined by a long series of Acts of Parliament, the intention of which has been to regulate the sale of commodities. Materials traded in the marketplace are quantified according to accepted units and standards in order to avoid fraud. The standards themselves are legally defined so as to facilitate the resolution of disputes brought to the courts; only legally defined measures will be recognised by the courts. Quantifying devices used by traders (weights, weighing machines, containers of volumes, measures of length) are subject to official inspection, and penalties apply if they are fraudulent.

text: The Weights and Measures Act of 1878 marked a major overhaul of the British system of weights and measures, and the definition of the pound given there remained in force until the 1960s. The pound was defined thus (Section 4) "The ... platinum weight ... deposited in the Standards department of the Board of Trade ... shall continue to be the imperial standard of ... weight ... and the said platinum weight shall continue to be the Imperial Standard for determining the Imperial Standard Pound for the United Kingdom". Paragraph 13 states that the weight in vacuo of this standard shall be called the Imperial Standard Pound, and that all other weights mentioned in the act and permissible for commerce shall be ascertained from it alone. The First Schedule of the Act gave more details of the standard pound: it is a platinum cylinder nearly 1.35 inches (34 mm) high, and 1.15 inches (29 mm) diameter, and the edges are carefully rounded off. It has a groove about 0.34 inches (8.6 mm) from the top, to allow the cylinder to be lifted using an ivory fork. It was constructed following the destruction of the Houses of Parliament by fire in 1834, and is stamped P.S. 1844, 1 lb (P.S. stands for "Parliamentary Standard"). This definition of the Imperial pound remains unchanged.

text: Relationship to the kilogram[edit]

text: The 1878 Act said that contracts worded in terms of metric units would be deemed by the courts to be made according to the Imperial units defined in the Act, and a table of metric equivalents was supplied so that the Imperial equivalents could be legally calculated. This defined, in UK law, metric units in terms of Imperial ones. The equivalence for the pound was given as 1 lb = 6999453592650000000♠453.59265 g or 0.45359 kg, which made the kilogram equivalent to about 6999999999400419481♠2.2046213 lb. In 1883, it was determined jointly by the Standards Department of the Board of Trade and the Bureau International that 6999453592427700000♠0.4535924277 kg was a better approximation, and this figure, rounded to 6999453592430000000♠0.45359243 kg was given legal status by an Order in Council in May 1898.[21]

text: However, in 1963, a new Weights and Measures Act reversed this relationship and the pound was defined for the first time as a mass equal to 6999453592370000000♠0.45359237 kg to match the definition of the international pound agreed in 1959.

text: Troy pound[edit]

text: A troy pound is equal to 12 troy ounces and to 5,760 grains, that is exactly 7002373241721600000♠373.2417216 grams.[22] Troy weights were used in England by jewellers. Apothecaries also used the troy pound and ounce, but added the drachms and scruples unit in the Apothecaries' system of weights.

text: Troy weight may take its name from the French market town of Troyes in France where English merchants traded at least as early as the early 9th century.[23]

text: The troy pound is no longer in general use or a legal unit for trade (it was abolished in the United Kingdom on 6 January 1879 by the Weights and Measures Act of 1878), but the troy ounce, 1⁄12 of a troy pound, is still used for measurements of gems such as opals, and precious metals such as silver, platinum and particularly gold.[24]

text: Tower pound[edit]

text: The system called Tower weight was the more general name for King Offa's pound. This dates to 757 AD and was based on the silver penny. This in turn was struck over Arabic dirhams (2d). The pound was based on the weight of 120 Arabic silver dirhams, which have been found in Offa's Dyke. The same coin weight was used throughout the Hanseatic League.[citation needed]

text: The Tower pound was also called the Moneyers' Pound (referring to the Saxon moneyers before the Conquest),[25] the easterling pound, which may refer to traders of eastern Germany, or to traders on the shore of the eastern Baltic sea, or dealers of Asiatic goods who settled at the Steelyard wharf;[26] and the Rochelle Pound by French writers, because it was also in use at Rochelle.[27] An almost identical weight was employed by the Germans for weighing gold and silver.

text: The mercantile pound (1304) of 6750 troy grains, or 9600 Tower grains, derives from this pound, as 25 shilling-weights or 15 Tower ounces, for general commercial use. Multiple pounds based on the same ounce were quite common. In much of Europe, the apothecaries' and commercial pounds were different numbers of the same ounce.[citation needed]

text: The Tower system was referenced to a standard prototype found in the Tower of London and ran concurrently with the avoirdupois and troy systems until the reign of Henry VIII, when a royal proclamation dated 1526 required that the troy pound to be used for mint purposes instead of the Tower pound.[28] No standards of the Tower pound are known to have survived.[29]

text: The Tower pound was equivalent to about 350 grams.[30][31]

text:
1 mercantile pound (15 oz)
=
9,600 Tower grains
=
6,750 troy grains

1 Tower pound (12 oz)
=
7,680 Tower grains
=
5,400 troy grains

1 Tower ounce (20 dwt)
=
640 Tower grains
=
450 troy grains

1 Tower pennyweight (dwt)
=
32 Tower grains
=
22 1⁄2 troy grains

text: Merchants' pound[edit]

text: The merchants' pound (mercantile pound, libra mercantoria, or commercial pound) was considered to be composed of 25 rather than 20 Tower shillings of 12 pence.[32] It was equal to 9,600 wheat grains (15 tower ounces or 6,750 grains)[23] and was used in England until the 14th century[23] for goods other than money and medicine ("electuaries").[32]

text: London pound[edit]

text: The London pound is that of the Hansa, as used in their various trading places. The London pound is based on 16 ounces, each ounce divided as the tower ounce. It never became a legal standard in England; the use of this pound waxed and waned with the influence of the Hansa itself.

text: A London pound was equal to 7,200 troy grains (16 troy ounces) or, equivalently, 10,240 tower grains (16 tower ounces).

text:
1 London pound (16 oz)
=
1 1⁄3 tower (or troy) pounds
=
10,240 tower grains
=
7,200 troy grains

1 London ounce (20 dwt)
=
1 tower (or troy) ounce
=
640 tower grains
=
450 troy grains

1 London pennyweight
=
1 tower (or troy) pennyweight
=
32 tower grains
=
22 1⁄2 troy grains

text: In the United States[edit]

text: In the United States, the avoirdupois pound as a unit of mass has been officially defined in terms of the kilogram since the Mendenhall Order of 1893. That Order defined the pound to be 7000220461999999999♠2.20462 pounds to a kilogram. The following year, this relationship was refined as 7000220462233999999♠2.20462234 pounds to a kilogram, following a determination of the British pound.[21]

text: According to a 1959 NIST publication, the United States 1894 pound differed from the international pound by approximately one part in 10 million.[1] The difference is so insignificant that it can be ignored for almost all practical purposes.[33]

text: Byzantine litra[edit]

text: The Byzantines used a series of measurements known as pounds (Latin: libra, Greek: λίτρα, litra). The most common was the logarikē litra (λογαρική λίτρα, "pound of account"), established by Constantine the Great in 309/310. It formed the basis of the Byzantine monetary system, with one litra of gold equivalent to 72 solidi. A hundred litrai were known as a kentēnarion (κεντηνάριον, "hundredweight"). Its weight seems to have decreased gradually from the original 324 grams to 319. Due to its association with gold, it was also known as the chrysaphikē litra (χρυσαφική λίτρα, "gold pound") or thalassia litra (θαλάσσια λίτρα, "maritime pound"), but it could also be used as a measure of land, equalling a fortieth of the thalassios modios.[34]

text: The soualia litra was specifically used for weighing olive oil or wood, and corresponded to 4/5 of the logarikē, i.e. 256 g. Some outlying regions, especially in later times, adopted various local measures, based on Italian, Arab or Turkish measures. The most important of these was the argyrikē litra (αργυρική λίτρα, "silver pound") of 333 g, found in Trebizond and Cyprus, and probably of Arab origin.[34]

text: French livre[edit]

text: Since the Middle Ages, various pounds (livre) have been used in France. Since the 19th century, a livre has referred to the metric pound, 500g.

text: The livre esterlin was equivalent to about 367.1 grams (5,665 gr) and was used between the late 9th century and the mid-14th century.[35]

text: The livre poids de marc or livre de Paris was equivalent to about 489.5 grams (7,555 gr) and was used between the 1350s and the late 18th century.[35] It was introduced by the government of John II.

text: The livre métrique was set equal to the kilogram by the decree of 13 Brumaire an IX between 1800 and 1812. This was a form of official metric pound.[35]

text: The livre usuelle (customary unit) was defined as 500 grams by the decree of 28 March 1812. It was abolished as a unit of mass effective 1 January 1840 by a decree of 4 July 1837,[35] but is still used informally.

text: German and Austrian Pfund[edit]

text: Originally derived from the Roman libra, the definition varied throughout Germany in the Middle Ages and onward. The measures and weights of the Habsburg monarchy were reformed in 1761 by Empress Maria Theresia of Austria.[36] The unusually heavy Habsburg (civil) pound of 16 ounces was later defined in terms of 560.012 grams. Bavarian reforms in 1809 and 1811 adopted essentially the same standard pound. In Prussia, a reform in 1816 defined a uniform civil pound in terms of the Prussian foot and distilled water, resulting in a Prussian pound of 467.711 grams.

text: Between 1803 and 1815, all German regions west of the River Rhine were French, organised in the departements: Roer, Sarre, Rhin-et-Moselle, and Mont-Tonnerre. As a result of the Congress of Vienna, these became part of various German states. However, many of these regions retained the metric system and adopted a metric pound of precisely 500 grams. In 1854, the pound of 500 grams also became the official mass standard of the German Customs Union, but local pounds continued to co-exist with the Zollverein pound for some time in some German states. Nowadays, the term Pfund is still in common use and universally refers to a pound of 500 grams.

text: Russian funt[edit]

text: The Russian pound (Фунт, funt) is an obsolete Russian unit of measurement of mass. It is equal to 409.51718 grams.[37] In 1899, the Russian pound was the basic unit of weight and all other units of weight were formed from it.

text: Skålpund[edit]

text: The Skålpund was a Scandinavian measurement that varied in weight between regions. From the 17th century onward, it was equal to 425.076 grams in Sweden but was abandoned in 1889 when Sweden switched to the metric system.

text: In Norway, the same name was used for a weight of 498.1 grams. In Denmark, it equalled 471 grams.

text: In the 19th century, Denmark followed Germany's lead and redefined the pound as 500 grams.

text: Jersey pound[edit]

text: A Jersey pound is an obsolete unit of mass used on the island of Jersey from the 14th century to the 19th century. It was equivalent to about 7,561 grains (490 grams). It may have been derived from the French livre poids de marc.[38]

text: Trone pound[edit]

text: The trone pound is one of a number of obsolete Scottish units of measurement. It was equivalent to between 21 and 28 avoirdupois ounces (about 600-800 grams).

text: Metric pounds[edit]

text: In many countries, upon the introduction of a metric system, the pound (or its translation) became an informal term for 500 grams. In German, the term is Pfund, in French livre, in Dutch pond, in Spanish and Portuguese libra, in Italian libbra, and in Danish and Swedish pund.

text: Though not from the same linguistic origin, the Chinese jīn (斤, also known as "catty") has a modern definition of exactly 500 grams, divided into 10 liǎng (两). Traditionally about 605 grams, the jin has been in use for more than two thousand years, serving the same purpose as "pound" for the common-use measure of weight.

text: Hundreds of older pounds were replaced in this way. Examples of the older pounds are one of around 459 to 460 grams in Spain, Portugal, and Latin America; one of 498.1 grams in Norway; and several different ones in what is now Germany.

text: Although the use of the pound as an informal term persists in these countries to a varying degree, scales and measuring devices are denominated only in grams and kilograms. A pound of product must be determined by weighing the product in grams as the use of the pound is not sanctioned for trade within the European Union.[39]

text: Use in weaponry[edit]

text: Smoothbore cannon and carronades are designated by the weight in imperial pounds of round solid iron shot of diameter to fit the barrel. A cannon that fires a six-pound ball, for example, is called a six-pounder. Standard sizes are 6, 12, 18, 24, 32 and 42 pounds; 68-pounders also exist, and other nonstandard weapons use the same scheme. See carronade.

text: A similar definition, using lead balls, exists for determining the gauge of shotguns.


document_title: Where the Heart Is (2000 film)

question_text: who plays novalee mom in where the heart is

root

text: Where the Heart Is (2000 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (September 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Novalee Nation (Natalie Portman) is seventeen years old and seven months pregnant. She sets off on a road trip from Tennessee to California with her boyfriend, Willy Jack Pickens (Dylan Bruno) in an old, broken down 1963 Plymouth. When driving through Sequoyah, Oklahoma, Novalee notices, after her nap, that her shoes have gone through the car's floor boards. She asks Willy Jack to stop at the local Walmart so that she can go to the restroom and buy new shoes. The cashier is to give Novalee her change when she realizes the amount--$5.55. She believes the number five to be a bad omen. Barefoot, she runs outside to find Willy Jack gone and he having left behind her and her new Polaroid camera.

tag: p

text: Having any other place to go she walks back inside and meets Thelma "Sister" Husband (Stockard Channing), who runs the Welcome Wagon in town. She is given a buckeye tree. Novalee also meets a photographer named Moses Whitecotton (Keith David) who advises her to give her baby a strong name. Novalee is sickly when she runs into the restroom to vomit. When she comes out of the restroom, she discovers the store has closed. She lives in the Walmart, undetected, while spending her days walking around town then return to stay in the store during the night.

text: Willy Jack is charged with fraternizing with someone he is unaware is 14 years old, and stealing money and cigarettes from a convenience store. His sentenced is to serve time; he composes a country song, "Beat of the Heart."

text: Novalee lives at the store for several weeks. At the library, she meets Forney Hull (James Frain) who looks after his alcoholic librarian sister Mary Elizabeth (Margaret Hoard). The information to tend a buckeye tree is found and Novalee visits Sister Husband. She is urged to plant the buckeye tree in the yard.

text: During a thunderstorm birth contractions wake-up Novalee--her water breaks, she goes into labor, and she collapses. She is reminded of her "5" phobia being in Aisle 5. She struggles and pulls herself to another aisle. Forney (who has been following her and saw her go into the store at closing time) smashes through a plate-glass window and helps with the delivery.

text: Novalee wakes up in hospital to find she is a media darling when while in the Walmart she gives birth. She is befriended by her nurse, Lexie Coop (Ashley Judd). After Lexie tells her the baby still does n't have a name, Novalee declares she will name her daughter Americus.

text: Lexie reveals to Novalee that she is a single woman with four children by three different men and tells an astonished Novalee that Lexie's children are all named after snack foods: Brownie, Praline, Cherry and Baby Ruth.

text: While Novalee and Lexi are reading letters that have been sent supporting her, Novalee's mother, Mama Lil (Sally Field), who abandoned her as a child, sees her on television and appears at the hospital. Her mother, claiming the women can pool their money and get an apartment together, takes the $500 that Novalee received as a gift from the President of Walmart. Novalee also tells Mama Lil that Walmart has offered her a job in any of the Walmart stores across the country.

text: Mama Lil, tucking Novalee's $500 into her bra, promises to pick up Novalee and Americus the next morning. Much to her dismay and disgust, realizing Mama Lil has abandoned her again, Novalee sits rejected at the hospital with no where to go. Sister Husband arrives and offers to let Novalee and the baby live with her.

text: Novalee, feeling she has a family for the first time in her life, enjoys living at Sister Husband's. While thanking him for delivering her baby, Novalee becomes friends with Forney who lives at the library with his sister.

text: One night, while Novalee and Forney are shopping for Christmas trees, Forney remarks that Americus is 5 months old that day. Novalee is alarmed at the realization and hurries home to check Americus.

text: Upon arriving, she finds the police at her home and learns Americus has been kidnapped. Novalee remembers that in the hospital she received a card from Midnight, Mississippi saying her baby was an "abomination under God," because she was born out of wedlock. The police quickly apprehend a vehicle with Mississippi plates and Americus is found safe in a nativity scene outside a church.

text: Upon being released from prison and making it to Nashville, Tennessee, Willy Jack becomes a one-hit-wonder with the song he wrote in jail. He teams with the grizzled and cranky music agent, Ruth Meyers (Joan Cusack), who cleans him up and gives him the stage name "Billy Shadow."

text: Three years later, Novalee begins a career as a photographer with the help of Moses. When a tornado blows through Sequoyah, Sister Husband is killed, and their home is destroyed. In memory of Sister, Novalee shoots a picture of Americus and the still-standing buckeye tree amidst the damage from the storm. After the funeral, one of Sister Husband's friends from Alcoholics Anonymous informs Novalee that she is the beneficiary of Sister's estate, totaling around $40,000. Novalee builds a new home for herself and Americus on Sister's land.

text: In Las Vegas, Willy Jack attempts to branch out his career and, behind Ruth Meyers's back, starts shopping around for another agent. He meets with a well-known agent named Johnny DeSoto (Richard Nance) to discuss dumping Ruth. DeSoto warns a cocky Willy Jack that Ruth is a great ally but can also be a powerful enemy. At the same time, Novalee is also in Las Vegas to accept an award in a photo contest she has won. Novalee and Willy Jack just miss meeting each other.

text: Ruth Meyers, who has gotten in his hotel room, informs Willy Jack that his old cellmate, Tommy Reynolds, is suing him claiming he is the true writer of Beat of a Heart, now a major radio hit. Willy Jack tells her that he wrote the song and asks Ruth what to do. Ruth tells Willy Jack that he should ask Johnny DeSoto to help him (having somehow found out about his talk with him), and terminates her connections with Willy Jack. Novalee returns to Sequoyah after the awards event without realizing how close she came to seeing Willy Jack.

text: One day, Novalee receives a garbled and panicked call from Brownie, Lexie's oldest child. She rushes over to find Lexie bruised and battered with her kids crouched beside her. We learn that Lexie's new love interest started to molest her two eldest children and nearly beat her to death as she attempted to protect them. Lexie's injuries hinder her nursing job and she and her children have to move in with Novalee and Americus. Lexie breaks down feeling guilty and angry. She tearfully tells Novalee that she ignored her kid's dislike for her boyfriend, now realizing her kids saw he was evil, but all Lexie saw was his new Buick (referring to his material wealth). Lexie asks Novalee what is she supposed to say when her kids ask why this happened to them. Novalee comforts her providing Lexie with an answer from Novalee's own life experiences.

text: Mary Elizabeth later passes away and when Forney does not appear at the funeral, Novalee finds him in a hotel and comforts him. They act on their feelings they have denied for so long and spend the night together. Forney confesses his feelings for her. Novalee confides in Lexie but tells her she is confused about her own feelings for Forney.

text: Novalee learns that Lexie is seeing someone new. Lexie is embarrassed to admit "Ernie" is an exterminator and does not have quite the physical attributes that have in the past attracted her interest. Lexie eventually falls in love with Ernie (Bob Coonrod) after learning he gave his ex-wife his restored 1967 Chevy Camaro in exchange for custody of his step-daughter whom he adopted as his own. They get married, and Lexie tells Novalee that she's pregnant.

text: After Forney returns from his sister's burial on the east coast, Novalee feels deeply that she is not good enough for him, knowing he has a chance of going back to school. Knowing his life would be a dead end staying with her in Sequoyah, she struggles through lying to him saying she does not love him. Novalee feels she would be preventing Forney from living the life he is intended to live and becoming successful. Heartbroken and rejected by Novalee, Forney returns to school in Maine.

text: Severely depressed at his ruined career following the lawsuit, Willy Jack becomes an alcoholic and starts popping pills while driving with a woman across country. He wanders off drunk and collapses on a railroad track where he is unable to move as a train approaches.

text: On Americus's 5th birthday, Novalee picks up a newspaper and sees an article about Willy Jack having lost his legs some months before and recently being robbed of his wheelchair. Novalee visits Willy Jack in the hospital and he reveals to her that he lied to her on their last day together when he said he couldn't feel the baby's heart. He confesses his whole life would've been different if he'd been able to undo this one lie. Novalee, realizing he is now a pathetically changed man, is able to finally forgive and let go of Willy Jack.

text: Novalee realizes that her lies are similar mistakes with Forney. She drives Willy Jack home to Tennessee and then continues to Maine to find Forney at a college. Novalee tells him she really does love him and they return to Oklahoma and marry. The final scene is of their wedding, which takes place in a Walmart.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Natalie Portman as Novalee Nation
Ashley Judd as Lexie Coop
Stockard Channing as Thelma "Sister" Husband
Joan Cusack as Ruth Meyers
James Frain as Forney Hull
Dylan Bruno as Willy Jack Pickens
Keith David as Moses Whitecotton
Richard Andrew Jones as Mr. Sprock
Sally Field as Mama Lil
Angee Hughes as Religious woman
Margaret Hoard as Mary Elizabeth Hull
Mackenzie Fitzgerald as Americus Nation
David Alvarado as Tommy Reynolds
Richard Nance as Johnny DeSotto
Bob Coonrod as Ernie
Cody Linley as Brownie Coop
Adrian Garza as Young Brownie (uncredited)

tag: ul

text: Differences between novel and film[edit]

text:
Novalee finds the number 5 unlucky in the movie, and the number 7 unlucky in the novel.
Sister Husband has brown hair in the movie, and blue hair in the novel.
In the novel, Lexie marries Leon Yoder.
In the film, Forney returns to school. In the novel, Forney instead travels for some time before settling in Chicago.
Novalee's marriage to Forney only occurs in the film.
In the novel, Lexie is obese. She is constantly trying new fad diets and weight loss schemes. This aspect of her character is removed from the film version.
In the novel, Benny Goodluck gives Novalee a buckeye tree for good luck. In the film, the buckeye tree was given to Novalee by Sister Husband.
In the novel, Moses has a wife named Certain whom Novalee also becomes close with. She is entirely omitted from the film, as is Benny Goodluck.

text: Music[edit]

text: Original music for the film was produced by Mason Daring. A soundtrack of the original music was released by RCA Records, as well as a music compilation soundtrack featuring songs used in the film by artists such as Emmylou Harris, Lyle Lovett, Martina McBride, and John Hiatt.

text: The song "That's the Beat of a Heart" was performed by The Warren Brothers and Sara Evans. A music video was made for the song, which is included as a bonus extra on the DVD release, and features a number of scenes from the film.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received mostly negative reviews. Metacritic gives it a score of 30% based on reviews from 28 critics.[1] Rotten Tomatoes gives it a 35% approval rating, based on reviews from 97 critics, with the sites consensus stating that the film's "poor script and messy plot undermines the decent cast."[2]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened in theaters in the United States on April 28, 2000. Where the Heart Is accumulated (USD)$8,292,939 in its opening weekend, opening at number 4.

text: The film went on to make $33,772,838 at the North American box office, and an additional $7,090,880 internationally for a worldwide total of $40,863,718.[3]


document_title: Carrie Bradshaw

question_text: where did carrie get married in sex and the city

text: Carrie Bradshaw

text: Character history and personality[edit]

text: This section may be written from a fan's point of view, rather than a neutral point of view. Please clean it up to conform to a higher standard of quality, and to make it neutral in tone. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: This section describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Carrie writes a weekly column called "Sex and the City" for fictional newspaper, The New York Star. The column focuses on Carrie's sexual escapades and those of her close friends, as well as musings about the relationships between men and women, dating, and New York. It provides Carrie with a certain amount of recognition in the city. People who read her column occasionally describe her as their icon. In the third season, her column is optioned for a film produced by Matthew McConaughey. In the fifth season, some of her columns are compiled into a book. At the end of season four, Carrie begins to write freelance articles for Vogue. Although she initially has trouble dealing with Enid (Candice Bergen), her abrasive, demanding editor at Vogue, she does find her feet and ends up befriending her.

text: Carrie is notoriously led by her emotions. She seeks acceptance (a door key, bathroom cabinet space) from Mr. Big and others (she obsesses over the review her book received from book critic Michiko Kakutani in The New York Times). "Just tell me I'm the one" she urges Mr. Big at the end of Season 1, worried about his refusal to introduce her to his mother. She often behaves in a selfish manner (as seen during her affair) but unless her self-involvement is pointed out by friends, she is apt to blame this on her tendency to get 'Carried Away', a phrase coined by Mr. Big in Season 2. The result is a flawed but relatable character due to the self-deprecating humor with which she tackles stereotypical issues within male–female relationships (commitment being the running theme).

text: Carrie is an on-off smoker and when she smokes, she is mostly seen with Marlboro Lights. She tries to quit in seasons 3 and 4 using the Nicotine patch while dating Aidan. She enjoys cocktails (particularly cosmopolitans—her character's fondness for them helped to popularize the drink). While Carrie is a realist about the difficulties of relationships, having experienced many bad ones throughout the course of the series, she is a romantic on an endless search for true love, and refuses to settle for, as she puts it, "anything less than butterflies." Because of this, she repeatedly expresses doubts that she is the type to get married and raise a family.

text: Carrie is a resident of the borough of Manhattan in New York City. She lives in a brownstone on the Upper East Side at the fictional house number of 245, on East 73rd Street, between Park and Madison. She lives in this apartment throughout the series, having bought it from Aidan in the fourth season, after Aidan had bought it and the apartment next-door for himself and Carrie during their engagement. In the initial episodes of the first season, Carrie's apartment is seen to be above a coffee shop somewhere near the vicinity of Madison Avenue. By approximately the fourth episode, the usual facade of a series of brownstones adjacent to hers is adopted, and remains that way throughout the series. The first episode also features a different apartment from the one used for the next 93 episodes and the movies. In the real life, the building with the famous stairs is 66 Perry Street, N.Y.C (West Village, Manhattan).

text: Little is mentioned about Carrie's life before the series. Carrie arrived in Manhattan on Tuesday, June 11, 1986 when she was approximately 21, given her age that is mentioned at other points in the series. She says in the movie that she's lived in Manhattan for 20 years (although she states at age 35 that she had been living there for a decade). In season four, Carrie tells a photographer that she was so poor when she first moved to New York that she would purchase Vogue instead of dinner. It is mentioned that her father left her and her mother when she was five; no siblings are mentioned. It is also revealed that Carrie had an abortion in 1988 after a one-night stand with a waiter when she was 22.

text: She tells Charlotte that she lost her virginity in Seth Bateman's smelly rec room on the ping pong table in eleventh grade. In Season 6 ("Boy Interrupted"), Carrie meets up with another boyfriend from high school named Jeremy (David Duchovny). Carrie states that she never had sex with him because they were young and wanted to wait.

text: A TV series was made after the production of Sex and the City, called The Carrie Diaries which featured Carrie's life as a teenager prior to her life in Sex and the City. It focused mainly on Carrie who lived with her father and younger sister, Dorrit. She had a few relationships, the main one being her on and off relationship with Sebastian Kydd. She started working at Interview, a magazine firm, juggling between her school and work life. The series was discontinued after Season 2 as it was said that it was not economically feasible although it got positive feedback from its audience.

text: Candace Bushnell, author of Sex and the City, recently released her new book, Summer and the City: A Carrie Diaries Novel as part of her young adult series that follows the Sex and the City characters as teenagers. This novel reveals that Carrie attended the prestigious Ivy League University, Brown, in the 1980s. It also reveals that she took summer classes at the New School. TV Guide described the young version of Carrie Bradshaw as "Even when she's trying to play adult in the city with her fashion-forward style and 'grown-up' conversations, she still exudes an aura that manages to be innocent, cute and self-confident at the same time."[2]

text: Wardrobe[edit]

text: Carrie has been described as someone who lives for fashion, and has confessed to buying Vogue instead of dinner.

text: A known shoe lover with a penchant for expensive designer shoes (notably Manolo Blahniks, but also Christian Louboutins and Jimmy Choos), Miranda once estimated that Carrie has spent over $40,000 on shoes. Her shoes seem to average at least $400 a pair (according to Miranda), and it is implied that she has at least 100 unique pairs. She frequently mixes kitschy vintage finds with high-end labels. It is mentioned that Barneys, Bergdorf Goodman, Bloomingdale's, and Saks Fifth Avenue are among her favorite places to shop.

text: Carrie once agreed to model for a charity fashion show (featuring both "real people" and models), on the condition that she could keep the outfit, a Dolce and Gabbana original. The plan backfired when Carrie's dress was replaced by jeweled silk underwear. Carrie is also known to have worn Alexander McQueen, Anna Molinari, Balenciaga, Betsey Johnson, Bottega Veneta, Céline, Chanel, Chloé, Christian Dior, Christian Lacroix, Christian Louboutin, Diane von Fürstenberg, Fendi, Givenchy, Gucci, Heatherette, Helmut Lang, Hermès, Jean Paul Gaultier, Jeremy Scott, Judith Leiber, Jil Sander, Jimmy Choo, Louis Vuitton, Lanvin, Manolo Blahnik, Marc Jacobs, Marni, Missoni, Miu Miu, Moschino, Prada, Oscar de la Renta, Roberto Cavalli, Sonia Rykiel, Tom Ford, Yves Saint Laurent, Vera Wang, Valentino, Versace, Vivienne Westwood, among others.

text: Carrie's incredible wardrobe appears to be unaffordable for a writer on a moderate income (at least until season 5, at which time she is given a book offer. By the time of the films she appears to be more affluent, though that may be because of her husband's wealth). Indeed, many of the people around her comment that she cannot afford her shopping addiction. Carrie occasionally maxes out credit cards, could not secure a loan on her own due to poor savings and a bad credit rating as a result of extensive shopping, and has admitted her "shoe needs" have accounted for most of her spending. In one episode, she wryly comments that she might "literally be the woman who lived in her shoe". Carrie is particularly known for her addiction to shoes, calling it her "substance abuse problem" in the episode "Power of Female Sex" in Season One. Notable couture moments include an incident when she is mugged near West Broadway and the bandit makes off with her Fendi Baguette clutch and Manolo Blahnik pink suede strappy sandals, which she purchased "half off at a sample sale!", adding that they are her favorite shoes.

text: In season 3 she chases after the Staten Island ferry and ends up missing it after slipping out of her shoe, yelling, "Wait, I lost my Choo!". In "A Woman's Right To Shoes" she unashamedly asks for reimbursement from a friend after a pair of Manolos are stolen at that friend's party due to her friend's insistence upon no shoes inside the house. Carrie notes the hypocrisy in the fact that the friend, who 'shoe shames' her ("it was your choice to buy shoes that expensive") is rewarded over the years with thousands of dollars' worth of gifts for her life choices (baby showers, engagement presents, wedding gifts, etc.), whereas single women do not have their life choices celebrated ("Hallmark don't make a 'congratulations-you-didn't-marry-the-wrong-guy card'!") and so comes to the conclusion that it is okay to spend that much on oneself to make the single girl's walk through life a little more fun.

text: Relationships[edit]

text: "Mr. Big" John James Preston[edit]

text: Introduced in the first episode and closing the final episode, "Mr. Big" (Chris Noth) is Carrie's central love interest throughout the series and recurring romantic foil – his continual romantic ambiguity and Carrie's diffidence about confronting him over it highlight Carrie's fears, insecurities, and emotional needs. Despite the turmoil in their relationship, Carrie and Big make continuous appearances in each other's lives, which is the source of both joy and stress for Carrie.

text: "Big" is introduced as a wealthy man who runs into Carrie on the street, helping her pick up a large number of condoms that fell out of her purse after it had been knocked from her hand. He later spots her at a party, and after waving to her at the beginning of the evening, he later gives her a ride home in his limo. Their relationship runs the length of the series. At the start, she is intimidated and awed by him, and immediately gives him the nickname "Mr. Big". However, eventually Carrie and Big share a friendly and often passionate intimacy, yet he remains (in producer Michael Patrick King's words), "always slightly out of reach." Mr. Big's name is never mentioned until the last episode of the final season, where it is revealed to be John via Carrie's cell phone caller ID. His full name is finally uncovered in the first movie as John James Preston.

text: They break up for the first time due to Mr. Big's inability to be emotionally intimate with Carrie. They reunite but split again when Big announces that he is moving to Paris because of work. When he returns to the United States, he and Carrie bump into each other unexpectedly in the Hamptons. Upon his return, Carrie discovers that he is engaged to a young woman named Natasha, who was working for Ralph Lauren in Paris. Unsurprisingly, Carrie struggles to come to terms with Big's decision and moves on, beginning a relationship with Aidan Shaw. However, Carrie cannot put Big behind her and they have an affair, which she confesses to Aidan moments before Charlotte's wedding. Carrie and Big continue a close, sometimes sexual, always flirtatious yet tempestuous friendship until the final episode. Here we witness a romantic display of love and affection when Big whispers the sorely awaited words to Carrie—"you're the one."

text: At the start of the movie Sex and the City Carrie and Big, in a businesslike fashion, decide to marry. The wedding starts out somewhat simply with 75 guests and with Carrie choosing to wear a simple white skirt suit that she found in a vintage shop. However, after Vivenne Westwood gifts an expensive and exquisite wedding dress that Carrie wore in a Vogue modeling shoot featuring Carrie as a "40 year old bride," the wedding plans balloon into something much more elaborate and now with 200 guests. Leading up to their wedding day, Big becomes overwhelmed by the media attention and the number of guests, telling Carrie that he would have been happy with eloping to City Hall, that all he wanted was Carrie and that he's embarrassed by the attention because it's his third marriage. On the day of the ceremony, Big has a "freakout" and leaves the wedding venue without even getting out of his limousine. When Carrie calls him and asks where he is, he states "I can't do this" and Carrie leaves devastated. He immediately realizes his mistake and tells the limo driver to turn around but the damage is already done. Carrie, hurt and betrayed, blocks all communication, unknowingly ignoring his love letters and apologetic emails. Over the course of the next 7 or 8 months, Carrie reflects on what happened and realizes that she is partially to blame for the wedding fiasco, because she let the wedding "get bigger than Big." Finally, Carrie and Big unintentionally meet, come to terms with each other, reaffirm their feelings and love, and privately marry at City Hall - the way Big had originally envisioned - with Carrie wearing the simple "label-less" vintage suit she had initially chosen, along with the blue Manolo Blahniks that had played a big part in the two of them reuniting.

text: During the second movie, Carrie and Big's passion has waned. Carrie begins to feel that their marriage has lost its "sparkle" as Big enjoys spending nights eating in and watching TV. Carrie feels the urge to escape to her old apartment for two days to meet a writing deadline and enjoy some time to herself, and is surprised when Big picks her up for dinner, and feels the romance re-enter their marriage. Big then suggests to Carrie they spend two days a week apart, to enjoy their own time, which he feels is what is giving their marriage new life. Carrie, somewhat hurt and resistant, reluctantly agrees, and then travels to Abu Dhabi with Samantha, Charlotte and Miranda. While in Abu Dhabi, Carrie learns how important a marriage can be when her butler tells her how he is separated from his wife for months at a time, but when they see each other, nothing else matters. Carrie also reunites with her old flame, Aidan Shaw, whom she meets in a chance encounter at an Abu Dhabi market. Carrie feels distressed due to a bad review of her new book in the New Yorker, and meets Aidan for dinner. The two of them reconnect, and briefly kiss. Carrie immediately regrets it and asks her friends for advice on whether to tell Big. Samantha and Miranda both advise Carrie not to tell Big because it was a minor incident, but Carrie feels too guilty to let it slide and tells Big immediately. Big is hurt, and Carrie worries that Big will go from wanting two days off, to seven days off. Upon Carrie's arrival back in New York, she is upset that Big doesn't pick her up at the airport as originally planned, isn't home and hasn't called. That night, he gets home and Carrie and Big talk about their marriage. Big tells Carrie to stop worrying that they will become a tired, boring old married couple, and they take new wedding vows for each other. Big forgives Carrie and gives her a black diamond ring (to make up for his unromantic marriage proposal - without a ring - 3 years earlier) to really show the world she's off the market. As their marriage grows out of the "terrible twos" Big and Carrie seem very happy and relaxed with each other. Now that they are both making an effort, and due to the ring Big gave her, they have their "sparkle" back.

text: Aidan Shaw[edit]

text: Manhattan furniture designer Aidan Shaw (John Corbett) is Carrie's next serious boyfriend after the painful break-up with Mr. Big. Aidan is the opposite of Mr. Big, as he is a laid-back, low-key nature lover who is patient, straightforward, and somewhat traditional in his relationship with Carrie. Carrie met him through her friend Stanford Blatch when the two of them visited Aidan's furniture store. They share an uncomplicated, loving relationship, which initially confuses Carrie, as she had become used to the stresses of dating Mr. Big. She begins to feel trapped and cannot shake off Mr. Big's presence in her life. Carrie and Aidan first break up when Carrie confesses, on Charlotte and Trey's wedding day, that she had an affair with Mr. Big.

text: Later in the series, Carrie and Aidan get back together, move in together, and become engaged. However, the engagement is broken when Carrie discovers she is not ready to marry him, and he is not willing to wait for her. Further hurt is caused when Carrie realizes Aidan only wants to marry her because he still doesn't trust her. Aidan hoped that by marrying Carrie, it would show the world she was his. During the sixth-season premiere, Carrie runs into Aidan on the street. She discovers that he has married a fellow furniture designer, Cathy, and has a son named Tate (played by Sarah Jessica Parker's son). The two agree to meet for coffee; Carrie states in voiceover that "there are some dates you cannot wait to keep, and there are some you both know you will never keep." In the film Sex and the City 2, a chance encounter between Aidan and Carrie in Abu Dhabi is a major plot point. While shopping at a local market with Miranda in Abu Dhabi, Carrie and Aidan encounter each other, they make a plan to catch up over dinner, where Aidan reveals he and Cathy are still married and have two more sons, Wyatt and Homer and in a moment of passion, share a brief kiss. Carrie becomes emotionally distraught over this and confesses the kiss to Big. After taking his time coming to terms with this revelation and understanding Carrie's mistake was because of her domestic crisis of faith, he forgives her.

text: Jack Berger[edit]

text: Following the end of her relationship with Aidan, Carrie begins to date Jack Berger (Ron Livingston), a novelist with a mixed degree of success. She meets him while discussing her upcoming book at her publisher's (Amy Sedaris) office. That day, Carrie and Berger go for a walk, during which Carrie gets a strawberry milkshake from McDonald's. Berger states to her, "How can anyone order strawberry after the age of eleven?", and Carrie obviously likes his sense of humor. However, when she asks him to be her "Plus One" at her party, he states he has a girlfriend. After an initially rocky start (in which Berger must break ties with his ex-girlfriend, Lauren), they form a rather playful relationship; one that initially seems to make Carrie very happy.

text: Berger is particularly notable for uttering the line, "He's just not that into you," as a response to Miranda's wondering why a recent date has not called her. The line inspired a book and later a film by Sex and the City writers.

text: As Carrie's success begins to mount, and particularly after Berger's second novel is not picked up for publication, the relationship deteriorates. Berger feels insecure about Carrie's newfound success as a writer after her book goes international and she begins receiving high-sum royalties. This is made worse by Carrie's thoughtless reaction to his first novel; her initial reaction – that she loves the book – is overshadowed by her simultaneous criticism of a minor detail about a lead character's hair accessory (i.e., that a modern-day New York woman would not wear a "scrunchie" while out and about).

text: Carrie and Berger fight frequently, culminating in a "break" in their relationship. Berger returns, professing his love for Carrie, and stating that he wishes to try again. However, he ends up leaving later, in the middle of the night, breaking up with Carrie via a Post-it note which reads, "I'm sorry, I can't. Don't hate me." After this hasty departure, Berger is referenced in only one more episode—after Carrie runs into his friends at a bar, she regrets leaving Berger an angry message (through his friends), stating that his break-up method was rude and pathetic.

text: Aleksandr Petrovsky[edit]

text: Next, Carrie meets and begins a relationship with Aleksandr Petrovsky (rus. Александр Пeтpoвcкий; Mikhail Baryshnikov), in the sixth season. He is a rich, successful, and older Russian artist. Carrie enjoys the relationship, but problems arise when she discovers that he already has a daughter in her twenties, and he doesn't want any more children. To ensure this, he has had a vasectomy. Carrie feels forced to choose between a long-term relationship with Petrovsky and the possibility of having children. She wonders if his love will be enough to compensate for the lack of children. She decides to stay in the relationship, despite mounting evidence that he will never be able to fully commit to her emotionally, as he is a very self-involved artist, and even at one point he claims that Carrie is "not his friend", but his lover.

text: He asks Carrie to leave her job and life in New York and move with him to Paris, where he has a museum show. After some degree of convincing, she accepts, giving up her job, her apartment, and her friends. But she finds herself to be lonely, disappointed, and confused upon her arrival, waiting for hours to meet with him, while he forgets his dates with her. She doesn't speak French well, and Petrovsky often leaves her alone in order to tend to his own career. His ex-wife warns Carrie that the relationship will be all about him. Meanwhile, Carrie has no friends there, but things start to look up when she meets some fans of her book, and she agrees to meet them at a cafe. However, a very anxious and panicking Alex begs her to accompany him to his museum show preview, and she agrees. But once there, he deserts her and seems to forget about her, and she realizes he doesn't need her. She rushes to meet with the fans, but they have left and mangled her book in the wake of her standing them up. In the series finale, after an argument and Alex impulsively slaps her, Carrie leaves him after facing his emotional shortcomings and his inability to give her an appropriate amount of attention. While in the lobby of the hotel trying to secure a room of her own, she runs into Mr. Big, who runs to defend her against Aleksandr. He finally understands that she is "the one" and pursued her to Paris with the encouragement of her friends. Carrie returns with Mr. Big to New York City.

text: Carrie's ex-lovers[edit]

text: Sebastian Kydd[edit]

text: Carrie shares her first kiss with Sebastian Kydd, a rich kid from town, at her swim club when she was 15. He later becomes her boyfriend, and they share an on-and-off relationship throughout the first season of The Carrie Diaries. They broke up due to being incompatible. During the second season of The Carrie Diaries, the two reignite their love for each other. Sebastian leaves to California with his father, but he and Carrie maintain a long distance relationship. When Sebastian returns to Manhattan, moving into Larissa's old apartment, Carrie realizes his interests have changed. Sebastian remains busy with interests in starting a clothing line and it causes problems in the relationship. Sebastian wanted to move to California to pursue his dreams, but Carrie wanted to stay in Manhattan to work for Interview Magazine. Carrie decides to say yes to a full-time job offer at Interview but loses her chances at going to NYU. She is later fired because of a dispute between Larissa, and Andy. Carrie tries to attend NYU, but she is told it is too late. After hearing about Carrie's situation, Sebastian decides to invite her to go live with him in Malibu where he will work on his clothing business. Carrie agrees to move until she later realizes she belongs in Manhattan. The two say their final goodbyes at Larrisa's wedding.

text: George Silver[edit]

text: Carrie's second boyfriend. She starts dating George after meeting him at her internship at a law firm. She ends their relationship after he tries to force her to have sex in the back of a car. Throughout the relationship she still has feelings for Sebastian, using George to incite feelings of jealousy in Sebastian.

text: Adam Weaver[edit]

text: Carrie's third boyfriend, appearing in Season 2 of The Carrie Diaries. Larissa, Carrie's boss, wanted Carrie to get an interview with Weaver for Interview Magazine. Carrie attends a role play of Weaver's piece. When she laughs during the funeral scene she is frowned at by her friend Bennet, but Adam Weaver later finds her after the show and is charmed by her understanding of the scene. Carrie and Weaver become close as Carrie tries to pry information out of him for Interview. She later drops the assignment and they start to date. In The Carrie diaries she loses her virginity to him. Carrie and Weaver start to have problems when Weaver begins critiquing her work. They get in a fight that ends their relationship, and Weaver accuses her for having feelings for Sebastian. After they break up over Carrie still being in love with Sebastian, Adam writes an article about Carrie as 'Mystery Girl', in which rude and untrue things are said, although nobody knows that the 'Mystery Girl' is Carrie. At the end of Season 2, he goes to her senior prom, apologizing for his behavior.

text: Capote Duncan[edit]

text: According to Candace Bushnell's book, Summer and the City, Capote Duncan was Carrie's classmate in The New School. At the beginning, Carrie hated him because of his arrogance but at the end of the book, it was said that he's the person with whom Carrie lost her virginity. He appears briefly in the beginning of the TV series adaption.

text: Bernard Singer[edit]

text: In Summer and the City, Bernard Singer is a famous writer who Carrie has a brief relationship with, only to realise that Bernard doesn't love Carrie and that she loves Capote Duncan.

text: Bibliography[edit]

text: Books:

text:
Sex and the City (a collection of her columns)
MEN-hattan
A Single Life
Love Letters
I Do! Do I?

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Critical reception to Carrie tended to be positive during the show's run and in the years immediately thereafter. In 2004, Carrie Bradshaw was listed as number 11 on Bravo's 100 Greatest TV Characters.[3][4] In 2009 The Guardian named Bradshaw as an icon of the decade, stating that "Carrie Bradshaw did as much to shift the culture around certain women's issues as real-life female groundbreakers."[5] In 2010, Carrie Bradshaw was listed as the 2nd in TV Guide's list "25 Greatest TV Characters of All-Time". AOL ranked her the 41st Most Memorable Female TV Character.[6] TV Guide named her the most fashionable TV character.[7] Her relationship with Mr. Big was included in TV Guide's list of the best TV couples of all time.[8] Parker received two Emmy Awards, three Screen Actors Guild Awards, and four Golden Globe Awards for her performance.

text: In retrospective analysis of the show, critics have generally reassessed Carrie Bradshaw as an unsympathetic protagonist, despite the show's portrayal of her as a positive figure. In 2013, Glamour magazine called Carrie "the worst" character on the show, saying that "her brattiness and self-absorption eclipsed her redeeming qualities and even her awesome shoes."[9] In a 2010 retrospective about the previous two decades in pop culture, ABC News named Carrie one of the ten worst characters of the past twenty years, calling her a "snippy, self-righteous Manhattan snob" and citing the character's actions in Sex and the City 2 as evidence that she was beyond personal growth or redemption.[10] The New Yorker, looking back on the show a decade after it went off the air, felt that while the character began as a "happy, curious explorer, out companionably smoking with modellizers," from the second season on she "spun out, becoming anxious, obsessive, and, despite her charm, wildly self-centered."[11]


document_title: Boom Boom (John Lee Hooker song)

question_text: who sings the theme song from ncis new orleans

text: Boom Boom (John Lee Hooker song)

text: Recording and composition[edit]

text: Prior to recording for Vee-Jay Records, John Lee Hooker was primarily a solo performer or accompanied by a second guitarist, such as early collaborators Eddie Burns or Eddie Kirkland.[4] However, with Vee-Jay, he usually recorded with a small backing band, as heard on the singles "Dimples", "I Love You Honey", and "No Shoes". Detroit pianist Joe Hunter, who had previously worked with Hooker, was again enlisted for the recording session.[1] Hunter brought with him "the cream of the Motown label's session men, later known as the Funk Brothers":[4] bassist James Jamerson, drummer Benny Benjamin, plus guitarist Larry Veeder, tenor saxophonist Hank Cosby, and baritone saxophonist Andrew "Mike" Terry.[1] They have been described as "just the right band" for "Boom Boom".[1] Hooker had a unique sense of timing, which demanded "big-eared sidemen".[5] The original "Boom Boom" is an uptempo (168 beats per minute) blues song, which has been notated in time in the key of F.[6] It has been described as "about the tightest musical structure of any Hooker composition: its verses sedulously adhere to the twelve-bar format over which Hooker generally rides so roughshod".[1] The song uses "a stop-time hook that opens up for one of the genre's most memorable guitar riffs"[7] and incorporates a middle instrumental section Hooker-style boogie.[1]

text: According to Hooker, he wrote the song during an extended engagement at the Apex Bar in Detroit.

text: I would never be on time [for the gig]; I always would be late comin' in. And she [the bartender Willa] kept saying, 'Boom boom – you late again'. Every night: 'Boom, boom – you late again'. I said 'Hmm, that's a song!' ... I got it together, the lyrics, rehearsed it, and I played it at the place, and the people went wild".[8]

text: Hooker's lyrics include

text:
Boom, boom, boom, boom
I'm gonna shoot you right down
Right off your feet
Take you home with me
Put you in my house
Boom, boom, boom, boom

text: Also included are several wordless phrases, "how-how-how-how" and "hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm". "Boom Boom" became the Hooker song that is "the most memorable, the most instantly appealing, and the one which has proved the most adaptable to the needs of other performers".[1]

text: Releases and charts[edit]

text: When "Boom Boom" was released as a single in May 1962,[9] the song became a hit. It entered the Billboard R&B chart on June 16, 1962, where it spent eight weeks and reached number 16.[10] The song also entered the Billboard Hot 100, where it reached number 60, making it one of only two Hooker singles to enter the pop chart.[10] It was included on the 1962 Vee-Jay album Burnin' (SR 1043) as well as many Hooker compilations, including John Lee Hooker: The Ultimate Collection.

text: Thirty years later in the UK, after being featured in a Lee Jeans commercial in 1992, the song reached number 16 in the UK Singles Chart.[11] Hooker recorded several later versions. Following the success of the Animals' version, Hooker re-recorded the song in 1968 for Stateside Records as the B-side of "Cry Before I Go" under the longer title "Boom Boom Boom". He reworked the song as "Bang Bang Bang Bang" for his Live at Soledad Prison album, as a South Side Chicago street musician in the film The Blues Brothers (but the song itself is not included in the film soundtrack), and as the title track for his 1992 album Boom Boom with Jimmie Vaughan.[12]

text: The Animals version[edit]

text:
"Boom Boom"

Single by The Animals

from the album The Animals

B-side
"Blue Feeling"

Released
November 1964 (1964-11)

Format
7-inch 45 rpm record

Recorded
January 1964

Genre
Blues rock

Length
2:57

Label
MGM

Songwriter(s)
John Lee Hooker

Producer(s)
Mickie Most

The Animals singles chronology

"I'm Crying"
(1964)
"Boom Boom"
(1964)
"Don't Let Me Be Misunderstood"
(1965)

text: English rock band the Animals recorded "Boom Boom" for their 1964 UK debut album The Animals. Their blues-rock[13] rendition generally follows John Lee Hooker's original, although they add "shake it baby" as a response to the "come on and shake" refrain in the middle section,[14]taken from Hooker's "Shake It Baby" (recorded during the 1962 American Folk Blues Festival tour in Europe, where it became a hit in 1963).[15]

text: The Animals' version was released as a single in North America in November 1964.[16] It reached number 43 on the Billboard Hot 100[17] and number 14 on the RPM Top 40&5 singles chart.[18] The song was also released in Australia and India and is included on the Animals' second American album The Animals on Tour as well as various compilation albums (sometimes with the twelve-bar guitar solo edited out).

text: Over the years, several versions of "Boom Boom" have been recorded by various Animals reunion lineups as well as by former members Eric Burdon and Alan Price. In 2012, the original 1964 version was used in the film Skyfall.

text: Recognition and legacy[edit]

text: In 1995, John Lee Hooker's "Boom Boom" was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".[19] It was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in 2009 in the "Classics of Blues Recording" category.[4] A Detroit Free Press poll in 2016 ranked the song at number 37 in "Detroit's 100 Greatest Songs".[20]

text: A variety of artists have recorded the song, including: Rufus Thomas, Mae West, Shadows of Knight, CCS, Dr. Feelgood, Tony Joe White, Disco Tex and the Sex-O-Lettes,[21] Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band, Big Head Todd and the Monsters (whose version was chosen in 2014 as the theme song for NCIS: New Orleans, and is played at Carolina Panthers home games when a touchdown is scored) and the Oak Ridge Boys. "Boom Boom" was the first studio recording by Eric Clapton, who recorded it as a demo with the Yardbirds in 1963, and which was released as a single in the Netherlands and Germany in 1966. ZZ Top later used similar lines ("how-how-how-how") to those found in "Boom Boom", on "La Grange".[7]


document_title: Saraswati Samman

question_text: who was chosen for the 2017 saraswati samman

text: Saraswati Samman

text:
Saraswati SammanDate
1991Location
DelhiCountry
IndiaCurrently held by
Sitanshu Yashaschandra

text: The Saraswati Samman is an annual award for outstanding prose or poetry literary works in any 22 Indian language listed in Schedule VIII of the Constitution of India.[1][2] It is named after an Indian goddess of learning and is considered to be among the highest literary awards in India.[2]

text: The Saraswati Samman was instituted in 1991 by the K. K. Birla Foundation. It consists of Rs 15[3] lakh, a citation and a plaque.[1][2][4] Candidates are selected from literary works published in the previous ten years by a panel that included scholars and former award winners. The inaugural award was given to Harivanshrai 'Bachchan' for his four volume autobiography,  Kya Bhooloon Kya Yaad Karoon, Needa Ka Nirman Phir, Basere Se Door and Dashdwar se Sopan Tak.[5]

text: Awardees[edit]

text:
Year
Image
Recipient
Work
Language
Ref.

1991

Harivansh Rai Bachchan
Autobiography in four volumes  (Autobiography)
Hindi
[2][6]

1992

Ramakant Rath
"Sri Radha"  (Poetry)
Oriya
[2]

1993

Vijay Tendulkar
"Kanyadaan"  (Play)
Marathi
[2]

1994

Harbhajan Singh
"Rukh Te Rishi"  (Poetry collection)
Punjabi
[2]

1995

Balamani Amma
"Nivedyam"  (Poetry collection)
Malayalam
[2]

1996

Shamsur Rahman Faruqi
"She`r-e Shor-Angez"
Urdu
[2]

1997
 –
Manubhai Pancholi
"Kurukshetra"
Gujarati
[2]

1998

Shankha Ghosh
"Gandharba Kabita Guccha"  (Poetry collection)
Bengali
[2]

1999
 –
Indira Parthasarathy
"Ramanujar"  (Play)
Tamil
[2]

2000

Manoj Das
"Amruta Phala"  (Novel)
Oriya
[2][7]

2001

Dalip Kaur Tiwana
"Katha Kaho Urvashi"  (Novel)
Punjabi
[2][8]

2002
 –
Mahesh Elkunchwar
"Yugant"  (Play)
Marathi
[2]

2003
 –
Govind Chandra Pande
"Bhagirathi"  (Poetry collection)
Sanskrit
[2]

2004

Sunil Gangopadhyay
"Pratham Alo"  (Novel)
Bengali
[2]

2005

K. Ayyappa Panicker
"Ayyappa Panikarude Kritikal"  (Poetry collection)
Malayalam
[2][9]

2006

Jagannath Prasad Das
"Parikrama"  (Poetry collection)
Oriya
[10]

2007
 –
Naiyer Masud
"Taoos Chaman Ki Myna"  (Short stories collection)
Urdu
[11][12]

2008
 –
Lakshmi Nandan Bora
"Kayakalpa"  (Novel)
Assamese [13]

2009

Surjit Paatar
"Lafzan Di Dargah"
Punjabi
[14]

2010

S. L. Bhyrappa
"Mandra"
Kannada
[4]

2011
 –
A. A. Manavalan
"Irama Kathaiyum Iramayakalum"
Tamil
[15]

2012

Sugathakumari
"Manalezhuthu"  (Poetry collection)
MALAYALAM
[16]

2013
 –
Govind Mishra
"Dhool Paudho Par"  (Novel)
Hindi

[17]

2014

Veerappa Moily
"Ramayana Mahanveshanam"  (Poetry)
Kannada
[18]

2015
 –
Padma Sachdev
"Chitt-Chete"  (Autobiography)
Dogri
[19]

2016

Mahabaleshwar Sail
"Hawthan"  (Novel)
Konkani
[20]

2017

Sitanshu Yashaschandra
"Vakhar"  (Poetry collection)
Gujarati
[21]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b "About Saraswati Samman". K.K. Birla Foundation. Retrieved 2014-09-23.

^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r "Saraswati Samman for Prof Paniker". The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. 19 February 2006. Archived from the original on 16 December 2006.

Jump up ^ http://www.tribuneindia.com/news/jammu-kashmir/community/padma-sachdev-to-get-saraswati-samman/221490.html

^ Jump up to: a b "Saraswati Samman for writer Bhyrappa". The Times of India. 6 April 2011. Archived from the original on 5 December 2011.

Jump up ^ "Saraswati Samman Recipients". K.K. Birla Foundation . Retrieved 2014-09-23.

Jump up ^ "Harivansh Rai Bachchan". LitGloss, University at Buffalo. Archived from the original on 24 June 2010.

Jump up ^ Choudhury, Ashok K. (17 June 2001). "Manoj Das: True interpreter of India's cultural and spiritual heritage". Daily Excelsior. Jammu and Kashmir, India. Archived from the original on 1 July 2001.

Jump up ^ "Saraswati Samman for Dalip Kaur Tiwana". The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. 24 January 2002. Archived from the original on 13 February 2002.

Jump up ^ Joshua, Anita (18 February 2006). "Saraswati Samman for Ayyappa Paniker, Malayalam poet". The Hindu. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014.

Jump up ^ "Saraswati Samman for eminent Oriya writer". The Hindu. 13 February 2007. Archived from the original on 4 March 2007.

Jump up ^ "Saraswati Samman for Urdu author". The Hindu. 15 February 2008. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008.

Jump up ^ "I view the whole story like a movie: Naiyer Masud". The Tribune. Chandigarh, India. 24 February 2008. Archived from the original on 2008.

Jump up ^ ""Kayakalpa" gets Saraswati Samman". The Hindu. 12 February 2009. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014.

Jump up ^ "Punjabi poet Surjit Patar gets Saraswati Samman". The Hindu. 19 September 2010. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014.

Jump up ^ "Honour for Tamil writer". The Hindu. 23 March 2012. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014.

Jump up ^ "Award for Sugathakumari". The Hindu. 3 August 2013. Archived from the original on 28 January 2014.

Jump up ^ "Govind Mishra gets Saraswati Samman 2013 for novel 'Dhool Paudhon Par'". Daily News & Analysis. 22 September 2014. Archived from the original on 23 September 2014.

Jump up ^ http://english.dcbooks.com/m-veerappa-moily-bags-prestigious-saraswati-samman-2014.html

Jump up ^ http://currentaffairs.gktoday.in/dogri-poetess-padma-sachdev-selected-2015-saraswati-samman-04201632095.html

Jump up ^ http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/goa/konkani-author-mahabaleshwar-sail-gets-saraswati-samman/articleshow/57561403.cms

Jump up ^ PTI (2018-04-27). "Gujarati poet Sitanshu Yashaschandras "Vakhar" chosen for Saraswati Samman". India Today. Retrieved 2018-04-27.

tag: ol


document_title: History of rail transport in Great Britain

question_text: when was the first railway line built in britain

text: Before 1830: The pioneers[edit]

text: Although the idea of wooden-railed wagonways originated in Germany in the 16th century, the first use of steam locomotives was in Britain. Its earliest "railways" were straight and were constructed from parallel rails of timber on which ran horse-drawn carts. These were succeeded in 1793 when Benjamin Outram constructed a mile-long tramway with L-shaped cast iron rails. These rails became obsolete when William Jessop began to manufacture cast iron rails without guiding ledges - the wheels of the carts had flanges instead. Cast iron is brittle and so the rails tended to break easily. Consequently, in 1820, John Birkenshaw introduced a method of rolling wrought iron rails, which were used from then onwards.

text: The first passenger-carrying public railway was opened by the Oystermouth Railway in 1807, using horse-drawn carriages on an existing tramline.

text: In 1804, Richard Trevithick designed and built the first (unnamed) steam locomotive to run on smooth rails.[1]

text: The first commercially successful steam locomotive was Salamanca, built in 1812 by John Blenkinsop and Matthew Murray for the 4 ft (1,219 mm) gauge Middleton Railway.[2] Salamanca was a rack and pinion locomotive, with cog wheels driven by two cylinders embedded into the top of the centre-flue boiler.

text: In 1813, William Hedley and Timothy Hackworth designed a locomotive (Puffing Billy) for use on the tramway between Stockton and Darlington.[3] Puffing Billy featured piston rods extending upwards to pivoting beams, connected in turn by rods to a crankshaft beneath the frames which, in turn, drove the gears attached to the wheels. This meant that the wheels were coupled, allowing better traction. A year later, George Stephenson improved on that design with his first locomotive Blücher,[4] which was the first locomotive to use single-flanged wheels.

text: That design persuaded the backers of the proposed Stockton and Darlington Railway to appoint Stephenson as Engineer for the line in 1821. While traffic was originally intended to be horse-drawn, Stephenson carried out a fresh survey of the route to allow steam haulage. The Act was subsequently amended to allow the usage of steam locomotives and also to allow passengers to be carried on the railway. The 25-mile (40 km) long route opened on 27 September 1825 and, with the aid of Stephenson's Locomotion No 1, was the first locomotive-hauled public railway in the world.

text: 1830 – 1922: Early development[edit]

text: In 1830 the Liverpool and Manchester Railway opened. This set the pattern for modern railways. It was the world's first inter-city passenger railway and the first to have 'scheduled' services, terminal stations and services as we know them today. The railways carried freight and passengers with also the world's first goods terminal station at the Park Lane railway goods station at Liverpool's south docks, accessed by the 1.26 mile Wapping Tunnel. In 1836, at the Liverpool end the line was extended to Lime Street Station in Liverpool's city centre via a 1.1 mile long tunnel.

text: Many of the first public railways were built as local rail links operated by small private railway companies. With increasing rapidity, more and more lines were built, often with scant regard for their potential for traffic. The 1840s were by far the biggest decade for railway growth. In 1840, when the decade began, railway lines in Britain were few and scattered but, within ten years, a virtually complete network had been laid down and the vast majority of towns and villages had a rail connection[citation needed] and sometimes two or three. Over the course of the 19th and early 20th centuries, most of the pioneering independent railway companies amalgamated or were bought by competitors, until only a handful of larger companies remained (see Railway Mania).

text: The period also saw a steady increase in government involvement, especially in safety matters. The 1840 "Act for Regulating Railways"[5] empowered the Board of Trade to appoint railway inspectors. The Railway Inspectorate was established in 1840, to enquire into the causes of accidents and recommend ways of avoiding them.[6] As early as 1844, a bill had been put before Parliament suggesting the state purchase of the railways; this was not adopted. It did, however, lead to the introduction of minimum standards for the construction of carriages[7] and the compulsory provision of 3rd class accommodation for passengers - so-called "Parliamentary trains".

text: The entire network was brought under government control during the First World War and a number of advantages of amalgamation and planning were revealed. However, the Conservative members of the wartime coalition government resisted calls for the formal nationalisation of the railways (first proposed by William Ewart Gladstone as early as the 1840s) in 1921.

text: 1923 – 1947: The Big Four[edit]

text: On 1 January 1923, almost all the railway companies were grouped into the Big Four: the Great Western Railway, the London and North Eastern Railway, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and the Southern Railway companies.[8] A number of other lines, already operating as joint railways, remained separate from the Big Four; these included the Somerset and Dorset Joint Railway and the Midland and Great Northern Joint Railway. The "Big Four" were joint-stock public companies and they continued to run the railway system until 31 December 1947.

text: The competition from road transport during the 1920s and 1930s greatly reduced the revenue available to the railways, even though the needs for maintenance on the network had never been higher, as investment had been deferred over the past decade. Rail companies accused the government of favouring road haulage through the construction of roads subsidised by the taxpayer, while restricting the rail industry's ability to use flexible pricing because it was held to nationally agreed rate cards. The government response was to commission several inconclusive reports; the Salter Report of 1933 finally recommended that road transport should be taxed directly to fund the roads and increased Vehicle Excise Duty and fuel duties were introduced. It also noted that many small lines would never be likely to compete with road haulage. Although these road pricing changes helped their survival, the railways entered a period of slow decline, owing to a lack of investment and changes in transport policy and lifestyles.

text: During the Second World War, the companies' managements joined together, effectively operating as one company. Assisting the country's 'war effort' put a severe strain on the railways' resources and a substantial maintenance backlog developed. After 1945, for both practical and ideological reasons, the government decided to bring the rail service into the public sector.

text: 1948 – 1994: British Rail[edit]

text: From the start of 1948, the railways were nationalised to form British Railways (latterly "British Rail") under the control of the British Transport Commission.[9] Though there were few initial changes to the service, usage increased and the network became profitable. Regeneration of track and stations was completed by 1954. Rail revenue fell and, in 1955, the network again ceased to be profitable. The mid-1950s saw the hasty introduction of diesel and electric rolling stock to replace steam in a modernisation plan costing many millions of pounds but the expected transfer back from road to rail did not occur and losses began to mount.[10] This failure to make the railways more profitable through investment led governments of all political persuasions to restrict rail investment to a drip feed and seek economies through cutbacks.

text: The desire for profitability led to a major reduction in the network during the mid-1960s. Dr. Richard Beeching was given the task by the government of re-organising the railways ("the Beeching Axe").[11][12] This policy resulted in many branch lines and secondary routes being closed because they were deemed uneconomic. The closure of stations serving rural communities removed much feeder traffic from main line passenger services. The closure of many freight depots that had been used by larger industries such as coal and iron led to much freight transferring to road haulage. The closures were extremely unpopular with the general public at that time and remain so today.[13]

text: Passenger levels decreased steadily from the late fifties to late seventies.[14] Passenger services then experienced a renaissance with the introduction of the high-speed Intercity 125 trains in the late 1970s and early 1980s.[15] The 1980s saw severe cuts in government funding and above-inflation increases in fares, but the service became more cost-effective. Following sectorisation of British Rail, InterCity became profitable. InterCity became one of Britain’s top 150 companies operating city centre to city centre travel across the nation from Aberdeen and Inverness in the north to Poole and Penzance in the south.[16]

text: Between 1994 and 1997, British Rail was privatised.[17] Ownership of the track and infrastructure passed to Railtrack, passenger operations were franchised to individual private sector operators (originally there were 25 franchises) and the freight services sold outright (six companies were set up, but five of these were sold to the same buyer).[18] The Conservative government under John Major said that privatisation would see an improvement in passenger services. Passenger levels have since increased strongly.[19]

text: 1995 onwards: Post-privatisation[edit]

text: Since privatisation, numbers of passengers have grown rapidly; by 2010 the railways were carrying more passengers than at any time since the 1920s.[21] and by 2014 passenger numbers had expanded to their highest level ever, more than doubling in the 20 years since privatisation. Train fares cost more than under British Rail.[22]

text: The railways have become significantly safer since privatisation and are now the safest in Europe.[23] However, the public image of rail travel was damaged by some prominent accidents shortly after privatisation. These included the Southall rail crash (where a train with faulty automatic train protection equipment went through a red light),[24] the Ladbroke Grove rail crash (also caused by a train going through a red light)[25][26] and the Hatfield accident (caused by a rail fragmenting due to the development of microscopic cracks).[27]

text: Following the Hatfield accident, the rail infrastructure company Railtrack imposed over 1,200 emergency speed restrictions across its network and instigated an extremely costly nationwide track replacement programme. The consequential severe operational disruption to the national network and the company's spiralling costs set in motion the series of events which resulted in the ultimate collapse of the company and its replacement with Network Rail, a state-owned, not-for-dividend company.[28]


document_title: World Heritage sites by country

question_text: how many unesco world heritage sites in the world

text: World Heritage sites by country

text: List of World Heritage sites[edit]

text:
Country
Natural sites
Cultural sites
Mixed sites
Total sites

Shared sites[4]
UNESCO region

 Afghanistan

2

2

Asia and the Pacific

 Albania

1[note 1]

2

3

1

Europe and North America

 Algeria

6

1

7

Arab States

 Andorra

1

1

Europe and North America

 Angola

1

1

Africa

 Antigua and Barbuda

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Argentina

5

6[note 2][note 3][note 4]

11

3

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Armenia

2

1

3

Europe and North America

 Australia

12

3

4

19

Asia and the Pacific

 Austria

1[note 1]

9[note 5][note 6]

10

3

Europe and North America

 Azerbaijan

2

2

Europe and North America

 Bahrain

2

2

Arab States

 Bangladesh

1

2

3

Asia and the Pacific

 Barbados

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Belarus

1[note 7]

3[note 8]

4

2

Europe and North America

 Belgium

1[note 1]

12[note 9][note 3]

13

3

Europe and North America

 Belize

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Benin

1[note 10]

1

2

1

Africa

 Bolivia

1

6[note 4]

7

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

3[note 11]

3

1

Europe and North America

 Botswana

1

1

2

Africa

 Brazil

7

14[note 2]

21

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Bulgaria

3[note 1]

7

10

1

Europe and North America

 Burkina Faso

1[note 10]

1

2

1

Africa

 Cambodia

3

3

Asia and the Pacific

 Cameroon

2[note 12]

2

1

Africa

 Canada

10[note 13]

8

18

2

Europe and North America

 Cape Verde

1

1

Africa

 Central African Republic

2[note 12]

2

1

Africa

 Chad

1

1

2

Africa

 Chile

6[note 4]

6

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 China

13

36[note 14]

4

53

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Colombia

2

6[note 4]

1

9

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Congo

1[note 12]

1

1

Africa

 Costa Rica

3[note 15]

1

4

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Côte d'Ivoire

3[note 16]

1

4

1

Africa

 Croatia

2

8[note 11]

10

3

Europe and North America

 Cuba

2

7

9

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Cyprus

3

3

Europe and North America

 Czech Republic

12

12

Europe and North America

 Democratic People's Republic of Korea

2

2

Asia and the Pacific

 Democratic Republic of the Congo

5

5

Africa

 Denmark

3

7

10

1

Europe and North America

 Dominica

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Dominican Republic

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Ecuador

2

3[note 4]

5

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Egypt

1

6

7

Arab States

 El Salvador

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Eritrea

1

1

Africa

 Estonia

2[note 8]

2

1

Europe and North America

 Ethiopia

1

8

9

Africa

 Finland

1[note 17]

6[note 8]

7

2

Europe and North America

 Fiji

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 France

3

38[note 9][note 3][note 6]

1[note 18]

43

4

Europe and North America

 Gabon

1

1

Africa

 Gambia

2[note 19]

2

1

Africa

 Georgia

3

3

Europe and North America

 Germany

3[note 20][note 1]

40[note 21][note 22][note 23][note 3][note 6]

43

6

Europe and North America

 Ghana

2

2

Africa

 Greece

16

2

18

Europe and North America

 Guatemala

2

1

3

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Guinea

1[note 16]

1

1

Africa

 Haiti

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

  Holy See

2[note 24]

2

1

Europe and North America

 Honduras

1

1

2

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Hungary

1[note 25]

7[note 5]

8

2

Europe and North America

 Iceland

1

1

2

Europe and North America

 India

7

29[note 3]

1

37

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Indonesia

4

4

8

Asia and the Pacific

 Iran

1

22

23

Asia and the Pacific

 Iraq

4

1

5

Arab States

 Ireland

2

2

Europe and North America

 Israel

9

9

Europe and North America[5]

 Italy

5[note 26]

49[note 24][note 27][note 6]

54

6

Europe and North America

 Jamaica

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Japan

4

18[note 3]

22

1

Asia and the Pacific

Jerusalem (Site proposed by Jordan)[note 28][6][7]

1

1

Arab States

 Jordan

4

1

5

Arab States

 Kazakhstan

2[note 29]

3[note 14]

5

2

Asia and the Pacific

 Kenya

3

4

7

Africa

 Kiribati

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Kyrgyzstan

1[note 29]

2[note 14]

3

2

Asia and the Pacific

 Laos

2

2

Asia and the Pacific

 Latvia

2[note 8]

2

1

Europe and North America

 Lebanon

5

5

Arab States

 Lesotho

1[note 30]

1

1

Africa

 Libya

5

5

Arab States

 Lithuania

4[note 8][note 31]

4

2

Europe and North America

 Luxembourg

1

1

Europe and North America

 Macedonia

1

1

Europe and North America

 Madagascar

2

1

3

Africa

 Malawi

1

1

2

Africa

 Malaysia

2

2

4

Asia and the Pacific

 Mali

3

1

4

Africa

 Malta

3

3

Europe and North America

 Marshall Islands

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Mauritania

1

1

2

Arab States

 Mauritius

2

2

Africa

 Mexico

6

27

2

35

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Moldova

1[note 8]

1

1

Europe and North America

 Micronesia

2

2

Asia and the Pacific

 Mongolia

1[note 32]

3

4

2

Asia and the Pacific

 Montenegro

1

3

4

2

Europe and North America

 Morocco

9

9

Arab States

 Mozambique

1

1

Africa

 Myanmar

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Namibia

1

1

2

Africa

 Nepal

2

2[note 33]

4

Asia and the Pacific

 Netherlands

1[note 20]

9

10

1

Europe and North America

 New Zealand

2

1

3

Asia and the Pacific

 Nicaragua

2

2

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Niger

3[note 10]

1

4

1

Africa

 Nigeria

2

2

Africa

 Norway

1

7[note 8]

8

1

Europe and North America

 Oman

[note 34]

5

5

Arab States

 Pakistan

6

6

Asia and the Pacific

 Palau

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Palestine

2

2

Arab States

 Panama

3[note 15]

2

5

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Papua New Guinea

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Paraguay

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Peru

2

8[note 4]

2

12

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Philippines

3

3

6

Asia and the Pacific

 Poland

1[note 7]

14[note 35][note 22][8]

15

3

Europe and North America

 Portugal

1

14[note 36]

15

1

Europe and North America

 Qatar

1

1

Arab States

 Republic of Korea

1

12

13

Asia and the Pacific

 Romania

1

6

7

1

Europe and North America

 Russia

11[note 32]

17[note 8][note 31]

28

4

Europe and North America

 Saint Kitts and Nevis

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Saint Lucia

1

1

Latin America and the Caribbean

 San Marino

1

1

Europe and North America

 Saudi Arabia

5

5

Arab States

 Senegal

2

5[note 19]

7

1

Africa

 Serbia

5[note 11]

5

1

Europe and North America

 Seychelles

2

2

Africa

 Singapore

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Slovakia

2[note 25][note 1]

5

7

2

Europe and North America

 Slovenia

1

2[note 37][note 6]

3

3

Europe and North America

 Solomon Islands

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 South Africa

3

4

1[note 30]

8

1

Africa

 Spain

3

40[note 36][note 37]

2[note 18]

46

4

Europe and North America

 Sri Lanka

2

6

8

Asia and the Pacific

 Sudan

1

2

3

Arab States

 Suriname

1

1

2

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Sweden

1[note 17]

13[note 8]

1

15

2

Europe and North America

 Switzerland

3[note 26]

9[note 27][note 3][note 6]

12

4

Europe and North America

 Syria

6

6

Arab States

 Tajikistan

1

1

2

Asia and the Pacific

 Tanzania

3

3

1

7

Africa

 Thailand

2

3

5

Asia and the Pacific

 Togo

1

1

Africa

 Tunisia

1

7

8

Arab States

 Turkey

14

2

16

Europe and North America

 Turkmenistan

3

3

Asia and the Pacific

 Uganda

2

1

3

Africa

 Ukraine

1[note 1]

6[note 8][note 35]

7

3

Europe and North America

 United Kingdom

4

26[note 21]

1

31

1

Europe and North America

 United States

12[note 13]

10

1

23

2

Europe and North America

 United Arab Emirates

1

1

Arab States

 Uruguay

2

2

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Uzbekistan

1[note 29]

4

5

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Vanuatu

1

1

Asia and the Pacific

 Venezuela

1

2

3

Latin America and the Caribbean

 Vietnam

2

5

1

8

Asia and the Pacific

 Yemen

1

3

4

Arab States

 Zambia

1[note 38]

1

1

Africa

 Zimbabwe

2[note 38]

3

5

1

Africa

(less Transboundary Sites)

14

18

2

34

Total

206

832

35

1 073

37

167 State Parties

text: Countries with major concentrations of World Heritage sites[edit]

text: Note: this overview lists only countries with ten or more World Heritage sites.

text:
Purple: nations with 50 or more heritage sites
Brown: nations with 40 to 49 heritage sites
Light brown: nations with 30 to 39 heritage sites
Orange: nations with 20 to 29 heritage sites
Blue: nations with 15 to 19 heritage sites
Green: nations with 10 to 14 heritage sites