document_title: Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang

question_text: who plays celia in nanny mcphee and the big bang

text: Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang

text: Plot[edit]

text: On a farm during World War II, while her husband is away at war, Isabel Green is driven to her wits end by her hectic life. Between trying to keep the family farm up and running and her job in the village shop, run by the slightly mad Mrs. Docherty, she also has three boisterous children to look after, Norman, Megsie, and Vincent. When her children's two wealthy cousins, Cyril and Celia, also then come to live with them, Isabel requires childcare help.

text: When Nanny McPhee arrives, the children at first do not listen and carry on fighting, which she soon puts a stop to. Meanwhile, Isabel's brother-in-law, Phil, has gambled away his half of the farm, and is being chased by two hired-assassin women under casino owner Mrs. Biggles. He desperately attempts to make Isabel sell her half of the farm, using mean and spiteful schemes to leave her no choice. Isabel takes the children on a picnic during which an ARP Warden, Mr. Docherty, warns them about bombs and how he imagines a pilot might accidentally release his bomb. At the end of the picnic, Uncle Phil delivers a telegram saying Isabel's husband has been killed in action. Isabel and everyone else believes the telegram, but Norman says that he can "feel it in his bones" that his father is not dead. He tells this to Cyril, who at first says it is just because he is upset, but then agrees Norman might be right, so the two boys ask Nanny McPhee to take them to the War Office in London, where Cyril and Celia's father works.

text: There, Nanny McPhee and the boys ask Cyril's father Lord Gray, who is very important in the War Office, what has happened to Mr. Green. At first Lord Gray sneers at Norman's disbelief at his father's death, but after Cyril blurts out that he knows that his parents are getting a divorce, Lord Gray checks what has happened. While he is gone, Cyril tells Norman that he and Celia have been sent away because their parents will be splitting up, and Norman asks where Cyril and Celia will live. When Cyril replies "with Mum, I suppose, not that it makes much difference, she only ever really sees us when she wants to show us off", Norman tells Cyril that he and Celia are welcome to live on the farm with the Greens. Lord Gray returns and tells Norman that his father is not dead, but missing in action, and that there is no record of a telegram being sent to his mother. After the boys leave, Norman deduces that Uncle Phil forged the telegram.

text: While the boys were at the War Office, Megsie, Celia and Vincent were trying to stop Isabel from signing the papers and selling the farm. Just as Isabel is about to sign the papers, a German pilot accidentally drops a huge bomb; it shakes everything but does not explode and is left sticking out of the barley field. When Nanny McPhee returns with Norman and Cyril, Norman accuses Phil of forgery, which he admits to, and Isabel handcuffs him to the stove. The children go out to watch Mr. Docherty dismantle the bomb, but he falls from the ladder. Megsie takes over, and succeeds with the help of the other children and Nanny McPhee's raven, Mr. Edelweiss. After Nanny McPhee helps to harvest the barley, with a little magic, it is revealed that old Mrs. Docherty is in fact baby Agatha from the first film and that Nanny McPhee has been staying with her. As Nanny McPhee walks away from the now happy family, the children and Isabel chase after her, only to see Mr. Green, in army uniform and with an injured arm, making his way to them. He runs to his family and they all hug.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Emma Thompson as Nanny McPhee, the magical nanny who changes the lives of the Green and Gray children.
Maggie Gyllenhaal as Isabel Green (née Carrington) the frazzled mother of Norman, Megsie, and Vincent.
Rhys Ifans as Phil Green - Norman, Megsie, and Vincent's uncle who tries to sell the farm because he gambled it away at a casino.
Asa Butterfield as Norman Michael Green, the eldest of the Green children.
Lil Woods as Megsie Charlotte Green, the middle and only girl of the Green children.
Oscar Steer as Vincent David Green, the youngest of the Green children.
Eros Vlahos as Cyril Sean Gray - the spoiled cousin of Norman, Megsie, and Vincent. He becomes kinder throughout the film and makes friends with Norman.
Rosie Taylor-Ritson as Celia Rosa Gray - the other spoiled cousin of Norman, Megsie, and Vincent.
Maggie Smith as Agatha Rose Doherty (née Brown), the owner of the shop at which Mrs. Green works. She is baby Aggie from the first film grown up.
Ewan McGregor as Rory Green, the father of the Greens, away fighting in World War II.
Ralph Fiennes as Lord Gray - Cyril and Celia's father, who is very high up in the War Office.
Sam Kelly as Mr. Algernon Doherty - Mrs. Doherty's husband, who is an ARP (Air Raid Precautions) Warden.
Sinead Matthews as Miss Topsey - a henchwoman of Mrs. Biggles, the woman who owns the casino at which Phil gambled the farm away.
Katy Brand as Miss Turvey, the colleague of Miss Topsey.
Bill Bailey as Farmer MacReadie, the farmer who buys the piglets from the Greens.
Nonso Anozie as Sergeant Ralph Jeffreys - the guard at the War Office, and a former charge of Nanny McPhee.
Daniel Mays as Blenkinsop - Cyril and Celia's chauffeur.
Ed Stoppard as Lieutenant Addis, a coworker of Lord Gray.
Toby Sedgwick as an enemy plane pilot.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming locations[edit]

text: The village in the film is Hambleden in Buckinghamshire, the farm set and scenes were filmed in Hascombe, near Godalming in Surrey and the War Office scenes, both interior and exterior, were filmed at the University of London, and the motorbike scenes on various London roads. Senate House.[citation needed][5] Dunsfold Aerodrome, the location of Top Gear, name Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang as being filmed there [6]

text: Relation to Nurse Matilda[edit]

text: The film is one of a wave of adaptations of the book trilogy by children's author Christianna Brand, Nurse Matilda. The books are not directly connected to the film, but most scenes in the film are adapted from the books. Emma Thompson started to write the script based on Brand's books in the spring of 2007.[citation needed]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Best Things In Life Are Free - Performed by Bing Crosby
Pick Yourself Up - Performed by Harry Roy and His Band

text: Release[edit]

text: Theatrical[edit]

text: Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang was theatrically released on August 20, 2010 by Universal Pictures (April 2, 2010 in the UK).

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the UK on 19 June 2010. Nanny McPhee Returns, as the film was renamed for the North American market, was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 14 December 2010.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Critical response for the film was positive. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 76% based on 115 reviews, with the site's consensus stating: "Emma Thompson's second labor of love with the Nanny McPhee character actually improves on the first, delivering charming family fare with an excellent cast."[7] News of the World gave it 4/5 stars, stating the film was "smart, witty and beautifully crafted – exactly what you want from a family film" and excited about the next film said "Roll on Nanny McThree".[8] The Independent gave a very favourable review, stating "the film is an ingenious entertainment machine fuelled by a profound understanding of what children enjoy, whether it's cowpats, talking welly boots or piglets doing synchronised swimming. Thompson has written a properly funny script, which is performed superbly by Ifans, Maggie Smith, Bill Bailey, Ralph Fiennes and some estimable child actors."[9] Eros Vlahos was nominated for Best Leading Young Actor at the Young Artist Awards 2011 against Noah Ringer for The Last Airbender, Zachary Gordon for Diary of a Wimpy Kid and Jaden Smith (winner) for The Karate Kid.

text: Box office[edit]

text: In the UK, the film opened at number one, with £2,586,760[10] outperforming fellow new release The Blind Side, grossing a total of £16,211,057. In the United States and Canada, it debuted in seventh position with a $8.4 million.[3] Gross exceeded $27 million.[11]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

IFMCA Award
Best Original Score for a Comedy Film and Film Composer of the Year
James Newton Howard for The Last Airbender, Love & Other Drugs, Salt, and The Tourist
Nominated

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

Silver Medal
Introductions and Lead-in titles
Paul Donnellon (Director)
David Z. Obadiah (Producer)
Andrew White (Designer)
Noel Donnellon (Producer)
VooDooDog
Won

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

Young Artist Award
Best Performance in a Feature Film – Leading Young Actor
Eros Vlahos
Nominated

text: Nanny McPhee's five lessons[edit]

text: In the course of the story, Nanny McPhee teaches the children five lessons: (1) to stop fighting; (2) to share nicely; (3) to help each other; (4) to be brave; and (5) to have faith.[12]


document_title: The Rain (TV series)

question_text: where does the series the rain take place

root

text: The Rain (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: When a virus that is carried by rainfall wipes out almost all humans in Scandinavia, Danish siblings Simone and Rasmus take shelter in a bunker. Six years later, they emerge to search for their father, a scientist who left them in the bunker but never returned. Along the way they join a group of young survivors and together they travel across Denmark and Sweden, searching for a safe place, and for the siblings' father, who may be able to provide the answers and the cure.[5]

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Alba August as Simone Andersen
Lucas Lynggaard Tønnesen as Rasmus Andersen
Mikkel Følsgaard as Martin
Lukas Løkken as Patrick
Jessica Dinnage as Lea
Sonny Lindberg as Jean
Angela Bundalovic as Beatrice

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Johannes Bah Kuhnke as Sten, Frederik's boss
Lars Simonsen as Dr. Frederik Andersen, Simone and Rasmus' father
Jacob Luhmann as Thomas, Apollon "stranger"
Iben Hjejle as Ellen Andersen, Simone and Rasmus' mother
Bertil De Lorenzi as Young Rasmus

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date1"Stay Inside"Kenneth KainzJannik Tai MosholtMay 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
A deadly virus spread by rainfall forces siblings Simone and Rasmus and their parents to seek refuge in a well-equipped underground bunker. The siblings’ father, Dr. Frederik Andersen, is a scientist who works for Apollon, the company that crafted the bunkers. He leaves the siblings with their mother in the bunker, saying he'll be back.  Before he leaves, he instructs Simone to protect Rasmus, as he is the key to curing the virus. On hearing someone attempting to get inside the bunker, Simone opens the bunker door, assuming it is her father. Her mother, knowing that it is not Frederick and that their family will be infected if anyone else comes in, runs outside the bunker and tackles the stranger before he can enter. She is exposed to the virus and quickly dies, leaving Simone and Rasmus alone. At first the children are able to contact someone by radio, but the communication eventually stops. Simone has flashbacks to her parents' arguing about treating a sick Rasmus with some sort of virus.  Six years pass. With their food supply dwindling, Rasmus wants to leave. Simone agrees, but first goes out alone in a contagion suit while Rasmus sleeps and finds only collapsed, desolate ruins. Later, back at the bunker, the air control alarms go off, signaling that oxygen is depleted. When Rasmus and Simone open the hatch to escape, they are confronted at gunpoint by other survivors who had covered the vents to force the siblings out.
2"Stay Together"Kenneth KainzJannik Tai MosholtMay 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
Simone shows the group's leader, Martin, a map of other bunkers and promises them food. She then destroys the map, telling them they need to keep her alive to find it. In a flashback, Martin is revealed to have been a soldier tasked with holding the quarantine line at the onset of the virus. Unable to shoot a woman who is walking the highway holding an infant, Martin allows her to pass the checkpoint. He later finds his patrol dead, infected by the woman. In the present, the group encounter two men, referred to as ‘Strangers’, who are hunting survivors. Martin and Patrick (another member of Martin's group) kill the men. As the group travels, they struggle between doing what is needed to survive and holding on to their humanity.  Finally, they arrive at the second bunker. Simone finds her father's phone in the bunker and learns, via information she finds on the device, that her father has likely traveled to Apollon headquarters in Sweden. Simone tells Martin that she and Rasmus are going to find their father.
3"Avoid the City"Kenneth KainzJannik Tai MosholtMay 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
Simone and Rasmus venture into the city of Copenhagen as they travel toward Sweden. They are soon joined by Beatrice, Lea, and Jean. Lea believes that Simone's search represents hope and calls Simone "their guiding star." Emotionally connected to Beatrice, Martin later follows along with a frustrated Patrick. Separated, each finds shelter during a rain storm. Simone helps a small child, only to later see him attacked and killed by a desperate group of starving scavengers. Beatrice and Rasmus take shelter in an expensive house, with Beatrice claiming that it is the house she was born in. Martin and Patrick take shelter inside a bus. Playing with a piece of tech he took off the dead ‘strangers’, the device activates--revealing itself to be a map. Martin's group meets up after the storm, but a scavenger follows them and takes Rasmus hostage. The scavenger threatens to slit Rasumus's throat if the group doesn't give up their food supply to him. Martin and Patrick arrive and the scavenger stabs Rasmus before escaping with a bag of food supplies. The group arrive at a third bunker only to find it stripped bare. In a flashback, Beatrice tells Martin a story about her family house, similar to the one she told Rasmus, revealing that she is not being truthful. In the present, Martin shows Simone the map and they determine it is of the quarantine zone. Because the map shows a wall to the north, Martin concludes the spread of the virus was stopped. The wall, he declares, is where they need to go.
4"Trust No One"Kenneth KainzPoul BergMay 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
Rasmus, suffering from the stab wound he sustained earlier, is unable to walk, so Simone plans with the group to steal a vehicle from one of the quarantine patrols run by the ‘strangers’. The group manage to successfully intercept a quarantine patrol and incapacitate a group of ‘strangers’. As Martin interrogates the captured ‘strangers’ for information, Jean spots a snake tattoo on one of the men and recalls a memory that haunts him. He urges Martin to kill the men, and Patrick agrees. Martin seemingly does so, upsetting Simone. In a flashback, Jean stays with a kind family in the early days of the virus. One day, a quarantine patrol arrives and a group of strangers confront the father of the family instructing him to come with them. When the father refuses, he is killed by a man with a snake tattoo and the mother is taken away. Trying to quiet the shocked daughter to protect them from discovery by the ‘strangers’, Jean accidentally smothers her to death. After the ‘strangers’ leave, Jean buries the family and is introduced to Beatrice and Lea, who had come upon him as he stood before the graves he had just dug. In the present, the group has moved north and meets a doctor who operates on Rasmus’ stab wound. After Simone reveals who their father is, the doctor tells them she, too, used to work for Apollon. The doctor lures Simone and Rasmus away from the rest of the group and to her own bunker, confessing that she blames Dr. Andersen, the siblings’ father, for the death of her children. The doctor attempts to inject Rasmus with a fatal poison. The ‘strangers’ arrive and, seeing the man with the snake tattoo, Jean shoots him in the head and is then captured by the rest of the ‘strangers’. The others flee to the bunker. Patrick goes in alone and shoots the doctor, declaring that this is how things will be done from now on. Later, Patrick asks Martin why he listens to Simone and not him. Martin tells Patrick that the latter made the choice not to help Jean, and so is partially responsible for his fate. Patrick breaks down in tears. The group takes shelter as the rain falls during the night.
5"Have Faith"Natasha Arthy, Kenneth KainzMette HeenoMay 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
Lost in the woods, the survivors stumble upon a mansion where residents invite them to stay the night. Martin is distrustful of the residents, who appear very cult-like. The others enjoy the accommodations, including showers, fresh food and clean clothes.  They are asked to forget their past and live in the now. In a flashback, Lea, a devout Christian, goes to a teen party against her mother's wishes. As a prank, her school peers spike her drink, and Lea's drunken behavior is caught on video and shared. Her mother sees the video, which has gone viral, and disowns Lea. Inside the house of the party, Lea prays for God to save her, and moments later the rain begins. Her partying peers die from the virus (having all gathered outside except for Lea herself). Lea’s mother dies from the virus also, having stepped outside during the rain in an attempt to pick Lea up. In the present, Lea bonds with an older woman, Karen, who teaches her to let go of the guilt she carries. Simone discovers that an Apollon employee is a resident of the mansion and seeks information from him. That night, all residents of the mansion are invited to a monthly "ceremony". It is revealed that every month a member is randomly chosen to be killed and eaten for the next month's ceremony, allowing them to be one with the group. Lea is "chosen", but Karen takes her place and the survivors are allowed to leave. Because he will not let go of the past, the Apollon employee is forced out of the mansion against his will.  When he catches up with the survivors he tells them Apollon is responsible for ending the world before injecting himself with the virus and dying. Simone collects the syringe and the group walks into the night.
6"Keep Your Friends Close"Natasha Arthy, Kenneth KainzJannik Tai MosholtMay 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
As the group squats in a cabin, Patrick is hurt when Martin states the two are not friends during a casual conversation. Needing supplies, the group prepares to go to the next bunker, but Rasmus says he is too sick to move. Simone, Martin, Patrick and Lea go, planning to return with supplies. In fact, Rasmus faked illness to spend more time with Beatrice. It rains and the four are stuck in the bunker. They find videos of Apollon testing vaccines on random individuals. Depressed and alone, Patrick gets drunk. In a flashback to before the rain, Patrick is a loser who cannot hold a job or a girlfriend and his father disowns him. He is getting high in his car when the rain comes, sparing his life. In the present, a drunk Patrick tries to kiss Simone. When she rejects him, he staggers towards the rain, they tussle and Simone is pushed into the rain. Patrick tells Martin to shoot her, assuming she is infected. Martin hesitates, and Lea stands between the gun and Simone. Lea then backs up into the rain with Simone. When neither has a reaction, they both go into the bunker. Martin realizes he should have stood with Simone and runs into the rain, too. Back at the cabin, Beatrice and Rasmus enjoy their intimate day together and eventually kiss. Later, at the bunker, Martin tells Patrick he needs to leave and not come back, because he had pushed Simone into the rain. In a flashback, Patrick meets Martin for the first time, Martin telling him he's lucky they met when Patrick gives him a lighter. Patrick says it is the first time anyone has said that. In the present, Patrick returns to Rasmus and Beatrice, only to find Rasmus in a state of panic carrying Beatrice’s corpse --she had been hit with a drop of water from the leaking roof during the night before as she and Rasmus slow danced together. Patrick panics and runs away, only to trip and be captured by the ‘strangers’.
7"Don't Talk to Strangers"Natasha Arthy, Kenneth KainzPoul BergMay 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
A band of armed ‘strangers’ torture Patrick in order to extract information from him. Patrick discloses to the ‘strangers’ about the bunker, where Simone and Lea and Martin are at, and about Rasmus not having been infected by Beatrice. Meanwhile, Rasmus arrives at the bunker carrying Beatrice's corpse. In the bunker's quarantine room, Rasmus begins to unravel, refusing to leave her side. Eventually he does, but he contacts the ‘strangers’ and allows himself to be captured. In a flashback, Sten, the head of Apollon, briefs the mission to the ‘strangers’, and then reveals to them that they have ingested the virus, which will be triggered if they leave the zone before finding an immune survivor. Like the survivors, the Strangers are trapped. In the present, the leader of the ‘strangers’, Thomas, feels Rasmus is the one they are looking for. After burying Beatrice, Simone, Martin and Lea capture a ‘stranger’. They try to trade him for Rasmus, but a depressed Rasmus takes the syringe with the virus and injects himself. However, he does not die. Martin makes up with Patrick, setting him free.  Everyone leaves for Apollon headquarters, hoping Rasmus is the cure. As they leave, a ‘stranger’ kisses Rasmus on the forehead for good luck. He dies of the virus soon after the rest of the group is gone.
8"Trust Your Instincts"Natasha Arthy, Kenneth KainzJannik Tai MosholtMay 4, 2018 (2018-05-04)
Arriving at Apollon headquarters, the group is separated. Rasmus and Simone meet their father while Martin, Patrick and Lea wait in a bunker. In the bunker they are reunited with Jean, much to Lea’s joy. Simone's father, Dr. Andersen, tells her that they need to get away. To get the antidote, he tells her, they will need to access Rasmus' brain and bone marrow, killing him. In a flashback, Dr. Andersen lies to Apollon, claiming his children are dead in order to save them. Dr. Andersen has been exposing people to the virus in an attempt to find someone to replace Rasmus, and brutally killed a colleague who found out the lie. In the present, a doctor taking a swab from Rasmus is infected and dies. Dr. Andersen realizes the virus has mutated and that Rasmus is now a carrier, needing to be stopped to save the world. As the lab goes on lockdown, Lea, Jean, Martin and Patrick are reunited with Simone and Rasmus and plan to flee.  However, Dr. Andersen shoots Martin in an attempt to stop the group from leaving with Rasmus. Patrick arrives with a stolen vehicle and the group reaches the wall. The ‘strangers’ block their path, and Thomas tells  them that the nutritional supplements Jean, Lea, Martin and Patrick were given were really the unactivated virus. The four cannot leave, except Simone with Rasmus. The group encourages her to go. However, Simone cannot bear leaving her friends behind so the group back away from the wall and drive away. Thomas tells Simone that he’ll be after her. In a final scene, Sten is making a sales pitch to a select group of investors, telling them the virus can be controlled and weaponized.

tag: table

text: Production[edit]

text: Production on Season 1 commenced in late June 2017 in Denmark and Sweden.[6]

text: Netflix announced on May 30, 2018, that the series will go into production for a second season late this year for a 2019 launch.[7]


document_title: Epiphyseal plate

question_text: on the diaphyseal side of the epiphyseal plate is the

text: Epiphyseal plate

text: Structure[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Endochondral ossification is responsible for the initial bone development from cartilage in utero and infants and the longitudinal growth of long bones in the epiphyseal plate. The plate's chondrocytes are under constant division by mitosis. These daughter cells stack facing the epiphysis while the older cells are pushed towards the diaphysis. As the older chondrocytes degenerate, osteoblasts ossify the remains to form new bone. In puberty increasing levels of estrogen, in both females and males, leads to increased apoptosis of chondrocytes in the epiphyseal plate.[1] Depletion of chondrocytes due to apoptosis leads to less ossification and growth slows down and later stops when the entire cartilage have become replaced by bone, leaving only a thin epiphyseal scar which later disappears.[2]

text: Histology[edit]

text: The growth plate has a very specific morphology in having a zonal arrangement.

text:
Epiphyseal plate zone (from epiphysis to diaphysis
Description

Zone of reserve
Quiescent chondrocytes are found at the epiphyseal end

Zone of proliferation
Chondrocytes undergo rapid mitosis under influence of growth hormone

Zone of maturation and hypertrophy
Chondrocytes stop mitosis, and begin to hypertrophy by accumulating glycogen, lipids, and alkaline phosphatase

Zone of calcification
Chondrocytes undergo apoptosis. Cartilagenous matrix begins to calcify.

Zone of ossification
Osteoclasts and osteoblasts from the diaphyseal side break down the calcified cartilage and replace with mineralized bone tissue.

text: A mnemonic for remembering the names of the epiphyseal plate growth zones is "Real People Have Career Options," standing for: Resting zone, Proliferative zone, Hypertrophic cartilage zone, Calcified cartilage zone, Ossification zone.[4] The growth plate is clinically relevant in that it is often the primary site for infection, metastasis, fractures and the effects of endocrine bone disorders.[citation needed]

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: Defects in the development and continued division of epiphyseal plates can lead to growth disorders. The most common defect is achondroplasia, where there is a defect in cartilage formation. Achondroplasia is the most common cause of dwarfism.

text: Salter–Harris fractures are fractures involving epiphyseal plates and hence tend to interfere with growth, height or physiologic functions [5].

text: Osgood-Schlatter disease results from stress on the epiphyseal plate in the tibia, leading to excess bone growth and a painful lump at the knee.

text: Other animals[edit]

text: John Hunter studied growing chickens. He observed bones grew at the ends and thus demonstrated the existence of the epiphyseal plates. Hunter is considered the "father of the growth plate".[6]


document_title: Avengers: Infinity War

question_text: when does avengers infinity ear come out on dvd

text: Avengers: Infinity War

text: Plot

text: Having acquired the Power Stone from the planet Xandar, Thanos and his lieutenants—Ebony Maw, Cull Obsidian, Proxima Midnight, and Corvus Glaive—intercept the spaceship carrying the last survivors of Asgard. As they extract the Space Stone from the Tesseract, Thanos subdues Thor, overpowers Hulk, and kills Loki. Heimdall sends Hulk to Earth using the Bifröst before being killed. Thanos departs with his lieutenants and obliterates the ship.

text: Hulk crash-lands at the Sanctum Sanctorum in New York City, reverting to Bruce Banner. He warns Stephen Strange and Wong about Thanos' plan to kill half of all life in the universe; in response, Strange recruits Tony Stark. Maw and Obsidian arrive to retrieve the Time Stone from Strange, drawing the attention of Peter Parker. Maw captures Strange, but fails to take the Time Stone due to an enchantment. Stark and Parker pursue Maw's spaceship, Banner contacts Steve Rogers, and Wong stays behind to guard the Sanctum.

text: In Edinburgh, Midnight and Glaive ambush Wanda Maximoff and Vision in order to retrieve the Mind Stone in Vision's forehead. Rogers, Natasha Romanoff, and Sam Wilson rescue them and take shelter with James Rhodes and Banner at the Avengers Compound. Vision offers to sacrifice himself by having Maximoff destroy the Mind Stone to keep Thanos from retrieving it. Rogers suggests they travel to Wakanda, which he believes has the resources to remove the stone without destroying Vision.

text: The Guardians of the Galaxy respond to the distress call from Asgardian ship rescue Thor (the only survivor from the ship) , who surmises Thanos seeks the Reality Stone, which is in the possession of the Collector on Knowhere. Rocket and Groot accompany Thor to Nidavellir, where they and Eitri create a battle-axe capable of killing Thanos. On Knowhere, Peter Quill, Gamora, Drax, and Mantis find Thanos with the Reality Stone already in his possession. Thanos kidnaps Gamora, his adoptive daughter, who reveals the location of the Soul Stone to save her captive adoptive sister Nebula from torture. Thanos and Gamora travel to Vormir, where Red Skull, keeper of the Soul Stone, informs him the stone can only be retrieved by sacrificing someone he loves. Thanos reluctantly kills Gamora, earning the stone.

text: Nebula escapes captivity and asks the remaining Guardians to meet her on Thanos' destroyed homeworld, Titan. Stark and Parker kill Maw and rescue Strange. Landing on Titan, they meet Quill, Drax, and Mantis. The group forms a plan to remove Thanos' Infinity Gauntlet after Strange uses the Time Stone to view millions of possible futures, seeing only one in which Thanos loses. Thanos arrives, justifying his plans as necessary to ensure the survival of a universe threatened by overpopulation. The group subdues him until Nebula deduces that Thanos has killed Gamora. Enraged, Quill attacks him, allowing Thanos to break the group's hold and overpower them. Stark is seriously wounded by Thanos, but is spared after Strange surrenders the Time Stone to Thanos.

text: In Wakanda, Rogers reunites with Bucky Barnes before Thanos' army invades. The Avengers, alongside T'Challa and the Wakandan forces, mount a defense while Shuri works to extract the Mind Stone from Vision. Banner, unable to transform into the Hulk, fights in Stark's Hulkbuster armor. Thor, Rocket, and Groot arrive to reinforce the Avengers; Midnight, Obsidian, and Glaive are killed and their army is routed. Thanos arrives and despite Maximoff's attempt to destroy the Mind Stone, removes it from Vision's head, killing him.

text: Thor severely wounds Thanos, but Thanos activates the completed Infinity Gauntlet and teleports away. Half of all life across the universe disintegrates, including Barnes, T'Challa, Groot, Maximoff, Wilson, Mantis, Drax, Quill, Strange, and Parker, as well as Maria Hill and Nick Fury; the latter is able to transmit a signal first.[N 1] Stark and Nebula remain on Titan while Banner, M'Baku, Okoye, Rhodes, Rocket, Rogers, Romanoff, and Thor are left on the Wakandan battlefield. Meanwhile, Thanos watches a sunrise on another planet.

text: Cast

text:
Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man: The leader and benefactor of the Avengers, who is a self-described genius, billionaire, playboy, and philanthropist with electromechanical suits of armor of his own making.[8][9] Co-director Joe Russo explained that Stark "senses this greater threat approaching, so he is doing everything in his power to keep the Earth safe".[10] Downey added that Stark would have smaller goals than in previous films, with the idea of him as a tinkerer continued from Iron Man 3, although this was not reflected in the final film.[11]
Chris Hemsworth as Thor: An Avenger and the king of Asgard, based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name.[12] Joe Russo stated that Thor's storyline picks up after the events of Thor: Ragnarok, which finds him in a "very profound... very interesting place" with "real emotional motivation".[13] At the recommendation of Hemsworth, writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely consulted Thor: Ragnarok director Taika Waititi and screenwriter Eric Pearson to help carry over the comedic and tragic elements of the re-toned Thor from that film.[14] Thor now wields a mystical axe known as Stormbreaker, after the destruction of his hammer Mjolnir in Ragnarok.[15]
Mark Ruffalo as Bruce Banner / Hulk: An Avenger and a genius scientist who, because of exposure to gamma radiation, transforms into a monster when enraged or agitated.[16][17] Banner spends the film trying to reintegrate with the Avengers, and also tries to "impress upon everybody how dangerous Thanos is".[18] Joe Russo felt the Hulk refusing to appear for much of the film was only partially because he was scared, but also because he realizes that "Banner only wants Hulk for fighting. I think he's had enough of saving Banner's ass." Russo added that this was "really reflective of the journey from Ragnarok... [where] these two characters are constantly in conflict with each other over control."[19] Banner's appearance in the film continues a story arc for the character that was established in Thor: Ragnarok and concludes in the Infinity War sequel,[20] with the difference between Hulk and Banner "starting to blur a little bit". Ruffalo described Hulk in Infinity War as having the mental capacity of a five-year-old.[18]
Chris Evans as Steve Rogers / Captain America: A fugitive superhero and leader of a faction of Avengers. A World War II veteran, he was enhanced to the peak of human physicality by an experimental serum and frozen in suspended animation before waking up in the modern world.[12] Joe Russo said after the events of Captain America: Civil War, Rogers struggles with the conflict between his responsibility to himself and his responsibility to others.[21] The character embodies the "spirit" of his comic alternate identity Nomad in the film,[22] and receives new vibranium gauntlets from Shuri to replace his traditional shield.[15]
Scarlett Johansson as Natasha Romanoff / Black Widow: A highly trained spy, a member of Rogers' faction of Avengers, and a former agent of S.H.I.E.L.D.[23][24] Johansson said that Romanoff's situation in the aftermath of the events of Captain America: Civil War has been "a dark time. I wouldn't say that my character has been particularly hopeful, but I think she's hardened even more than she probably was before."[25]
Benedict Cumberbatch as Dr. Stephen Strange: A former neurosurgeon who, after a car accident that led to a journey of healing, discovered the hidden world of magic and alternate dimensions, and became a Master of the Mystic Arts.[26] Markus and McFeely described Strange as "[ending] up being the reasonable adult in the room" with the "widest perspective available" due to the film's stakes.[27] Aaron Lazar served as Cumberbatch's stand-in until the latter completed filming on The Current War. At that point, Cumberbatch re-shot scenes where his face needed to be seen.[28] Julian "JayFunk" Daniels once again assisted Cumberbatch with his finger-tutting movements.[29]
Don Cheadle as James "Rhodey" Rhodes / War Machine: A colonel in the U.S. Air Force and Avenger who operates the War Machine armor.[30] Following his paralysis during the events of Civil War, Rhodes is given an apparatus by Stark to walk again, although he is reluctant to don his War Machine armor and rejoin the Avengers due to his injury. Cheadle believed that Rhodes is "negotiating this reunion and his rejoining this team". He also explained that Rhodes' relationship with Stark "deepened" from his accident, saying, "I think Tony feels somewhat responsible and culpable in a way. But again, he's always had my back in a way that only he could really have."[31]
Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man: A teenager and Stark's protegé who received spider-like abilities after being bitten by a genetically-modified spider.[10]
Chadwick Boseman as T'Challa / Black Panther: The king of the African nation of Wakanda, who gained his enhanced strength by ingesting the Heart-Shaped Herb.[24][32]
Paul Bettany as Vision: An android and Avenger created using the artificial intelligence J.A.R.V.I.S., Ultron, and the Mind Stone.[26] Anthony Russo called Vision "a living MacGuffin. Obviously, that raises the stakes because Vision's life is in danger, and his life is in conflict with Thanos' goals, so something's got to give."[25]
Elizabeth Olsen as Wanda Maximoff / Scarlet Witch: A member of Rogers' faction of Avengers, who can harness magic and engage in hypnosis and telekinesis.[33]
Anthony Mackie as Sam Wilson / Falcon: A member of Rogers' faction of Avengers and former pararescueman trained by the military in aerial combat, using a specially designed wing pack.[34] Mackie noted that Wilson has a grudge with other heroes like Iron Man and Black Panther after the events of Civil War.[25]
Sebastian Stan as Bucky Barnes / Winter Soldier: An enhanced assassin and Rogers' ally and best friend, who reemerged brainwashed after being thought killed in action during World War II.[35] Barnes, who formerly went by Winter Soldier, is given the name White Wolf by the people of Wakanda, who helped remove his Hydra programming.[15]
Tom Hiddleston as Loki: Thor's adoptive brother, based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name.[36]
Idris Elba as Heimdall: The all-seeing, all-hearing Asgardian former sentry of the Bifröst Bridge, based on the Norse mythological deity of the same name.[37]
Peter Dinklage as Eitri: King of the Dwarves of Nidavellir, and weaponsmith, based on the Norse mythological dwarf of the same name.[38]
Benedict Wong as Wong: One of the Masters of the Mystic Arts, tasked with protecting some of Kamar-Taj's most valuable relics and books.[39]
Pom Klementieff as Mantis: A member of the Guardians of the Galaxy with empathic powers.[40]
Karen Gillan as Nebula: An adopted daughter of Thanos who was raised with Gamora as siblings.[41]
Dave Bautista as Drax the Destroyer: A member of the Guardians and warrior in search of vengeance against Thanos for killing his family.[42] At the end of each day of filming, Bautista would have to sit in a sauna to remove his makeup.[43]
Zoe Saldana as Gamora: A member of the Guardians, who is an orphan from an alien world and raised by Thanos, seeking redemption for her past crimes.[44] Ariana Greenblatt portrays a young Gamora.[45]
Vin Diesel as Groot: A member of the Guardians who is a tree-like humanoid.[46] Executive producer James Gunn explained that Groot is still an adolescent in the film, in the same state of growth seen in one of the post-credit scenes in Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2.[47] Terry Notary provided motion capture for Groot, and said the character is "coming of age, so you'll see the teenager find a mentor to look up to and to model himself after".[48]
Bradley Cooper as Rocket: A member of the Guardians who is a genetically-engineered raccoon-based bounty hunter and mercenary, and is a master of weapons and battle tactics.[49] Sean Gunn was again the stand-in for Rocket during filming, with his acting and expressions serving as motion reference for the character.[50][51]
Gwyneth Paltrow as Pepper Potts: Stark's fiancée and the CEO of Stark Industries.[52] Downey felt that "Pepper remains the heart of the [Iron Man] story", which was not a focal point in some of the preceding films with Stark. Downey continued that "we wanted to get back to that reality. Not just for them, but let's really see how that can add to the something-worth-fighting-for of it all."[11]
Benicio del Toro as Taneleer Tivan / The Collector: One of the Elders of the Universe, who is an obsessive keeper of the largest collection of interstellar fauna, relics, and species of all manner in the galaxy.[53]
Josh Brolin as Thanos: An intergalactic despot from Titan who longs to collect all six of the Infinity Stones in order to impose his will on all of reality,[54][55][56] wanting to "re-balance the universe".[57] Producer Kevin Feige added that Thanos believes the universe is becoming over-populated, which led to the destruction of his home moon Titan and is something he vowed not to let happen again,[56] and also said "you could almost go so far as to say he is the main character of" the film.[58] McFeely shared this sentiment, describing the film as his "hero journey" in addition to being the film's protagonist, stating, "Part of that is the things that [mean] the most to him. We wanted to show that. It wasn't just power; it wasn't just an ideal; it was people."[27] Brolin likened Thanos to "the Quasimodo of this time" and the novel Perfume, since Thanos was born deformed and considered a "freak" on Titan,[59] while Joe Russo would reference The Godfather for Brolin at times, which Brolin felt helped "to emotionalize the whole thing".[60] Brolin further added that he preferred playing Thanos over Cable in Deadpool 2 because of the amount of work that went into creating the character.[61] Thanos does not wear armor for most of the film, which is symbolic of his growing power as he collects the Infinity Stones.[62] In addition to voicing for the character, Brolin performed motion capture on set.[63]
Chris Pratt as Peter Quill / Star-Lord: The half-human, half-Celestial leader of the Guardians who was abducted from Earth as a child, and raised by a group of alien thieves and smugglers called the Ravagers.[33] Pratt described his role in the film as "a cameo... you get to be a little more vibrant; a little more irreverent; a little bit more colorful if you want it to be".[64]

text: Additionally, several other actors reprise their MCU roles: Danai Gurira as Okoye, the head of the Dora Milaje;[65] Letitia Wright as T'Challa's sister Shuri;[66] William Hurt as Thaddeus Ross, the U.S. Secretary of State;[67] Kerry Condon as the voice of Stark's A.I. F.R.I.D.A.Y.;[68] Winston Duke as M'Baku, the leader of Wakanda's mountain tribe the Jabari; Florence Kasumba as Ayo, a member of the Dora Milaje;[69] Jacob Batalon as Parker's friend Ned;[70] Isabella Amara as Parker's classmate Sally;[71] Tiffany Espensen as Parker's classmate Cindy;[72] and Ethan Dizon as Parker's classmate Tiny.[73] Samuel L. Jackson and Cobie Smulders make uncredited cameos as Nick Fury and Maria Hill, the former director and deputy director of S.H.I.E.L.D, respectively, in the film's post-credits scene.[74]

text: Thanos' henchmen, known collectively in the comics as the Black Order and in the film as the "Children of Thanos",[75] include Terry Notary as Cull Obsidian,[76][77] Tom Vaughan-Lawlor as Ebony Maw,[78][79] Carrie Coon as Proxima Midnight,[77] and Michael James Shaw as Corvus Glaive.[80] The foursome provided voices and motion-capture performances on set for their characters.[81][80] As Coon was pregnant during filming, she mainly did facial capture for Proxima Midnight with some motion-capture,[82] with stuntwoman Monique Ganderton standing-in and providing the rest on set.[83] Ross Marquand portrays Johann Schmidt / Red Skull, the "Stonekeeper" and former Nazi commander of Hydra during World War II. Marquand replaces Hugo Weaving, who had expressed reluctance to reprise the character from Captain America: The First Avenger.[38][84] Avengers co-creator Stan Lee makes a cameo appearance in the film as Parker's school bus driver,[38] while screenwriter Stephen McFeely cameos as Secretary Ross's aide.[85] Kenneth Branagh, the director of Thor, voices an Asgardian distress caller in an uncredited cameo.[86] David Cross was invited to make a cameo appearance as Tobias Fünke, his character from the sitcom Arrested Development, which the Russo brothers had previously worked on; this was prevented by a scheduling conflict, but Fünke still appears in the film as a specimen in the Collector's collection, played by an uncredited extra.[87] Jon Favreau was to reprise his role as Happy Hogan, but his scene did not make the theatrical cut of the film.[88]

text: Production

text: In October 2014, Marvel announced a two-part sequel to Avengers: Age of Ultron, titled Avengers: Infinity War. Part 1 was scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018, with Part 2 scheduled for May 3, 2019.[89][90] In April 2015, Marvel announced that Anthony and Joe Russo would direct both parts of Avengers: Infinity War,[91] with back-to-back filming expected to begin in 2016.[92] The same month, Kevin Feige said that the Infinity War films would be two distinct films "because they [have] such shared elements, it felt appropriate... to [subtitle the films] like that. But I wouldn't call it one story that's cut in half. I would say it's going to be two distinct movies."[93] By May 2015, Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely had signed on to write the screenplays for both parts of the film,[94] which draws inspiration from Jim Starlin's 1991 "The Infinity Gauntlet" comic and Jonathan Hickman's 2013 "Infinity" comic.[95] Anthony Russo added the film was inspired by 1990s heist films, with Thanos "on a smash-and-grab [to acquire the Infinity Stones], and everybody's trying to catch up the whole movie".[56] In May 2016, the Russos revealed that they would retitle the two films, to further remove the misconception that they were one large film split in two, with Joe stating, "The intention is we will change [the titles], we just haven't come up with [them] yet."[96] That July, Marvel revealed the film's title would be shortened to simply Avengers: Infinity War.[97]

text: Principal photography began on January 23, 2017,[98] under the working title Mary Lou,[99] at Pinewood Atlanta Studios in Fayette County, Georgia,[100] with Trent Opaloch as director of photography.[101] Infinity War, along with its sequel, were shot using IMAX/Arri 2D cameras, thus marking the first time that a Hollywood feature film was shot entirely with IMAX digital cameras.[102] In early February, Marvel confirmed the involvement of Robert Downey Jr. as Tony Stark / Iron Man, Chris Pratt as Peter Quill / Star-Lord, and Tom Holland as Peter Parker / Spider-Man in the film.[10] Additional filming took place in Scotland beginning in February 2017. The filming occurred in Edinburgh, Glasgow and the Scottish Highlands,[103] with studio work taking place at Wardpark Studios in Cumbernauld.[104][105] Filming also began at Durham Cathedral in Durham, England in early May 2017.[106] In late June 2017, filming occurred in Downtown Atlanta,[107] as well as Atlanta's Central Park in early July,[108] before moving to Queens, New York in the middle of the month.[109] Filming concluded on July 14, 2017.[110] For the film's final scene, where Thanos emerges healed in a nipa hut, the filmmakers partnered with Indochina Productions, a studio based in Thailand, to acquire footage of the Banaue Rice Terraces at Ifugao, Philippines.[111]

text: Later in July 2017, Joe Russo stated there were a couple of unfinished scenes for Infinity War that would be shot "in the next few months".[112] In early March 2018, Disney moved the release of Infinity War in the United States to April 27, 2018, to have it be released the same weekend as some of its international markets.[113][114] Visual effects for the film were created by Industrial Light & Magic,[115] Framestore,[116] Method Studios,[117] Weta Digital, Double Negative, Cinesite, Digital Domain, Rise, Lola VFX, and Perception.[118] With an estimated budget in the range of $316–400 million,[3][4][5] it is one of the most expensive films ever made.[119]

text: Music

text: In June 2016, Alan Silvestri, who composed the score for The Avengers, was revealed to be returning to score both Infinity War and its sequel.[120] Silvestri started to record his score in January 2018,[121] and concluded in late March. Silvestri felt working on the film "was a really different experience than anything I'd done before, especially in regard to the approach and balancing quick shifts in tone".[122] Ludwig Göransson's theme from Black Panther is also used in the film.[123] Hollywood Records and Marvel Music released the soundtrack album digitally on April 27, 2018, with a release on physical formats following on May 18. Two versions were released, a regular and deluxe edition, with the deluxe edition featuring some extended and additional tracks.[124]

text: Release

text: Avengers: Infinity War held its world premiere at the Dolby Theatre in Los Angeles on April 23, 2018, screening also at the adjacent El Capitan Theatre and Grauman's Chinese Theatre.[125] It was released in most countries worldwide, including the United States, on April 27, 2018, with a few debuts beginning as early as April 25,[113] and was shown in IMAX and 3D on select screens.[126][127] In the United States, the film opened in 4,474 theaters, 408 of which were IMAX; this was the widest release for a Disney title ever and the second-widest ever after Despicable Me 3's 4,529 theaters. Three of AMC Theatres' locations screened the film for 24 hours straight, with 53 of their locations having showtimes at either 2 am or 3 am to accommodate demand.[128] In India, the film had the biggest release ever for a Hollywood film, opening on nearly 2,000 screens in four languages.[129] The film also screened in 515 4DX theaters in 59 countries.[130] It was originally scheduled to be released on May 4, 2018 in the United States.[89][90] The Chinese release of the film, which opened on May 11, 2018,[131] was originally scheduled to end on June 10, 2018, but was granted a "rare" extension of 30 days, to end on July 9, 2018.[132]

text: Select footage from the film was screened around various cities during the film's press tour in early April, ahead of the film's Los Angeles premiere. The Russos noted that only a limited amount of the film would be shown at these screenings to reduce the chance of spoilers being leaked. Adam Chitwood of Collider commented that this was "highly unusual as most Marvel movies are screened in their entirety for press about a month before they hit theaters".[133] Ahead of the United States release, AMC Theatres in New York City and Orlando, Florida aired an eleven-MCU film marathon beginning on April 25, leading to a screening of Infinity War. The El Capitan Theatre in Los Angeles also had a similar marathon ahead of the film's release.[134]

text: Marketing

text: In May 2017, Robert Downey Jr. and his philanthropic organization Random Act Funding partnered with Omaze to initiate a contest to benefit the organization. A randomly chosen winner from those that donated would receive an Infinity War set visit.[135] A life-sized statue of Thanos, created by Legacy Effects, was on display at D23 Expo 2017,[136] alongside statues of the Black Order / "Children of Thanos": Corvus Glaive, Proxima Midnight, Ebony Maw, and Cull Obsidian.[75] Additionally, Feige, Joe Russo, Downey, Brolin, Bettany, Olsen, Klementieff, Gillan, Bautista, Cheadle, Mackie, Cumberbatch, Stan, Holland, Boseman, Ruffalo and Hemsworth appeared at D23 Expo to present a clip highlighting the 10 years of MCU films, along with footage from Infinity War.[30] The footage, which was screened exclusively for the panel,[137] received strong audience reaction, with fans "literally on their feet and jumping as the footage played".[137][138] Julia Alexander of Polygon commented, "to say that there was quite a bit happening in the trailer would be one hell of an understatement, but that's not what got me excited about the promises Infinity War may deliver upon. Seeing Spider-Man in the same movie as Iron Man, Thor, Star-Lord and the Scarlet Witch finally feels like Marvel has made the movie it always wanted to—and the one we've always wanted to see. For nearly ten years we dreamt of this reality and to see it play across a massive screen... it was impossible to not feel emotional."[138] CinemaBlend's Eric Eisenberg said the footage left him "literally shaking", with the film looking "like it could be one of the most epic blockbusters ever created", concluding "the hype [for the film] most definitely feels very, very real".[139] Haleigh Foutch for Collider said, "It looks dark and dramatic, and utterly epic. It's clear Marvel is trying to do something different here... to pay off a decade's worth of narrative and world-building. While it's impossible to tell from two minutes work of footage, it certainly looks like that gamble paid off."[140] The D23 footage was also shown at the 2017 San Diego Comic-Con International.[141] Due to the two convention presentations, Avengers: Infinity War generated over 90,000 new conversations on social media from July 17 to 23, the third-most during that time period behind Thor: Ragnarok and Justice League, according to comScore and its PreAct service.[142] Infinity War stayed in third the following week, with over 41,000 new social media conversations, behind Ragnarok and It.[143] By the week of October 16, Infinity War had generated over 679,000 total social media conversations.[144]

text: To promote the release of the film's first trailer, Marvel released "a retrospective video looking back at some of its best trailers" since Iron Man, "paired with fan reaction videos to those trailers".[145] The first trailer for Avengers: Infinity War debuted on Good Morning America on November 29, 2017.[146] Josh Spiegel of The Hollywood Reporter said, "The trailer promises, in many ways, exactly what anyone with a passing familiarity with superhero movies would expect..." but "the most important part of the trailer is how it carefully, deliberately introduces the notion that the Infinity War films are going to function as a passing of the torch, from one set of Avengers to a newer group."[147] Scott Mendelson writing, for Forbes, noted that even though the trailer was not much different from the convention footage screened earlier in the year, it was "damn impressive. Moreover, it uses Nick Fury's big 'Avengers Initiative' speech, along with Alan Silvestri's Avengers theme, to excellent effect."[148] Conversely to Mendelson, Alexander commented on the different marketing strategy for the film between the convention footage scenes and the trailer scenes, feeling the "two couldn't be more different". She noted how the convention footage ("meant to please a crowd running on little sleep and jittery with anticipation") was released between Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 and Thor: Ragnarok, and "[i]t made sense to use Thor and the Guardians to hype up [Infinity War]" because "Marvel relied on the anticipation of Thor: Ragnarok and Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2's success to excite fans, and footage of older movies set to classic Marvel scores as a way to drive home how this movie is an event in itself." Conversely, the trailer ("designed to explain what's about to happen, teasing it out with additional background") heavily featured Black Panther and Wakanda, which Alexander said could not have been done earlier, without the additional marketing for Black Panther that happened after the conventions to provide additional context.[149] Gael Cooper of CNET observed that the trailer was viewed nearly 500,000 times in its first 15 minutes after it was posted on YouTube, but questioned if the trailer broke the site after the view counter appeared to be stuck at 467,331.[150] The trailer was viewed 230 million times in its first 24 hours, becoming the most viewed trailer in that time period, surpassing the record of It.[151]

text: In January 2018, Marvel Comics published a two-issue prequel comic titled Avengers: Infinity War Prelude, which serves as a bridge between Captain America: Civil War and Avengers: Infinity War.[152] A commercial for Infinity War aired during Super Bowl LII. The ad generated the most social media buzz out of all the films advertised during the Super Bowl, according to comScore and United Talent Agency; it was viewed 17.6 million times across YouTube and Facebook.[153] On February 27, 2018, Disney and Marvel announced the Marvel: The Universe Unites charity campaign leading to the release of merchandise for the film on March 3. The week-long event saw stars from the film create social media challenges to provide funds and raise awareness for charities that support children and families impacted by serious illness. If their collective posts reached 1 million likes, Marvel said they would make a $250,000 donation to Starlight Children's Foundation. Additionally, Disney planned to donate 10% of sales of all Marvel products purchased at Disney Stores in the United States and online on the weekend of March 3 to the Make-A-Wish Foundation, up to $50,000. Hasbro donated $1 million worth of cash and products to Give Kids the World Village and Funko made a $1 million toy donation to Starlight.[154]

text: A second trailer was released on March 16, 2018, which earned over 1 million views on YouTube in less than three hours after it was released.[155] Alyssa Rosenberg of The Washington Post was not overly enthused about another superhero film having "special-effects-heavy villains, or the sight of yet another mysterious object hanging over the Manhattan skyline", but felt the trailer made her realize "that I'm actually looking forward to seeing [the characters of the MCU] get to know each other".[156] Josh Spiegel of The Hollywood Reporter agreed with Rosenberg about the potential for character interactions, noting the trailer "suggests that some of these meetings are going to keep up the playful tone of recent MCU movies". He continued, "It is arguably gimmicky to pile up all of the crossover-style introductions or combinations of heroes in a movie like this, like a superpowered version of two well liked TV shows crossing over primarily in the hopes of getting more viewers to pay attention. But the entire Marvel Cinematic Universe is built on a foundation of these heroes existing within the same space, so their eventual meetings have a level of anticipation that exceeds that of watching them face off against Thanos."[157] The second trailer was viewed 179 million times in the first 24 hours, the third-most viewed trailer in that time period, behind the first trailer for the film and It, while also becoming the biggest release for a second trailer, surpassing Beauty and the Beast (128 million views).[158]

text: A week before the film's release, the Burj Khalifa in Dubai was lit up each night for the film, counting down to its release.[159] Marvel also featured tie-in events across seven of their mobile games to promote the film.[160] In early May 2018, Marvel and Epic Games announced the "Infinity Gauntlet Limited Time Mashup" mode for Fortnite Battle Royale, where players can find the Infinity Gauntlet hidden on the game map and become Thanos with added abilities. The Russo brothers were fans of Fortnite and approached Donald Mustard, the worldwide creative director of Epic Games, about the potential for a crossover between the properties.[161] On November 20, 2018, Little, Brown and Company will publish Marvel's Avengers: Infinity War: Thanos – Titan Consumed, written by Barry Lyga. Despite not existing within Marvel Studios' MCU canon, the novel explores the origins of Thanos before the events of the film. Lyga noted he spoke with Marvel Studios to get an "outline of who Thanos is and what he means to the movies", and "was given great latitude and a free hand [in some areas of the story], while in others I had to tip-toe very carefully through the MCU".[162]

text: Additional marketing partners for the film included Coca-Cola, Quicken Loans and their Rocket Mortgage service, the Infiniti QX50 (which is also featured in the film), Ziploc, Go-Gurt, Yoplait, Synchrony Bank, American Airlines, and Stand Up to Cancer. The partners created television commercials "inspired by or featuring the film's characters and themes", interactive digital initiatives, and robust in-store presences at numerous retailers. Duracell, Unilever, Quaker Oats Company, Chevron, and Samsung ran promotions in smaller markets. Coca-Cola, Ziploc, Go-Gurt, and Yoplait created special packaging in support of the film, with Synchrony implementing a "Save Like a Hero" campaign, and Stand Up to Cancer and American Airlines launching a national campaign with a PSA starring Johansson and Hemsworth. In the United Kingdom, OnePlus released an Infinity War edition for one of their smartphones. Deadline Hollywood estimated the media value was $150 million, the largest for any Marvel film, with Coca-Cola contributing an estimated $40 million.[163]

text: Home media

text: Avengers: Infinity War was released on digital download by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment on July 31, 2018, and is scheduled to be released on Ultra HD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD on August 14. The digital and Blu-ray releases include behind-the-scenes featurettes, audio commentary, deleted scenes, and a blooper reel. The digital release also features a roundtable discussion between MCU directors the Russos, Jon Favreau, Joss Whedon, James Gunn, Ryan Coogler, Peyton Reed, and Taika Waititi.[164]

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: As of  August 12, 2018[update], Avengers: Infinity War has grossed $678.4 million in the United States and Canada, and $1.367 billion in other territories, for a worldwide total of $2.046 billion.[6] It is the fourth highest-grossing film of all time,[165][166] as well as the highest-grossing film of 2018,[167] the highest-grossing MCU film, and the highest-grossing superhero film.[168]

text: Its worldwide opening weekend of $640.5 million is the biggest of all time, beating The Fate of the Furious' $541.9 million.[128] It crossed the $1 billion threshold at the worldwide box office in 11 days, becoming the fastest film to reach the milestone, eclipsing Star Wars: The Force Awakens' record of 12 days.[169] Also in its second weekend, Infinity War passed $13.5 million from 4DX screens, which was the all-time record for the format.[130] On June 12, 2018, Avengers: Infinity War passed the $2 billion mark at the worldwide box office, becoming the fourth film to cross that milestone after Avatar, Titanic, and The Force Awakens.[166] Crossing the mark in 48 days was the second fastest to that point, after Avatar's 47-day record.[170] With $140 million worldwide from IMAX,[171] the film is the third-largest worldwide in the format, behind Avatar and The Force Awakens,[165] and the largest gross for a Marvel film.[172] In May 2018, two weeks after its release, Deadline Hollywood deduced the film had already broken even, and estimated its net profit would be around $600 million, accounting for production budgets, P&A, talent participations and other costs, with box office grosses and ancillary revenues from home media.[3]

text: Pre-sale ticket records

text: In December 2017, a survey from Fandango indicated that Infinity War was the most anticipated film of 2018.[173] Fandango reported that Infinity War achieved the largest initial 24-hour ticket pre-sales for a superhero film in just six hours, surpassing the record from Black Panther. Atom Tickets also reported that Infinity War sold more tickets in its first pre-sales day than Black Panther sold in its first month.[174] Within 72 hours, the film generated the biggest amount of pre-sales for any superhero film at AMC Theatres. AMC noted that Infinity War's advance ticket sales were 257.6% ahead of Black Panther's, 751.5% ahead of Captain America: Civil War, and 1,106.5% ahead of Avengers: Age of Ultron during the same time frame.[175] Two weeks before its release, Fandango revealed that advance ticket sales for Infinity War were outpacing the last seven MCU films combined in the same timeframe, and had become the company's top April release. It was also on pace to become the top superhero film, with Fandango's Erik Davis noting, "Infinity War has built up such unprecedented anticipation that it's pacing to break records, the likes of which we have never seen before for a superhero movie."[176] A week before the film released, The Wall Street Journal noted the film had sold more than $50 million worth of advance tickets, behind only Star Wars: The Force Awakens (2015) and Star Wars: The Last Jedi (2017),[177][128] with Fandango reporting that more than 2,500 showtimes had sold out. On Atom Tickets, Infinity War had the most pre-sale volume, selling 7% higher than The Last Jedi and 250% higher than Black Panther at the same point in their sales. Atom also reported that ticket sales for Infinity War were doubling daily the week of its release, the fastest rate of increase the service has seen for any MCU title.[128]

text: United States and Canada

text: Avengers: Infinity War earned $106.7 million on its opening day in the United States and Canada (including $39 million from Thursday night previews), for an opening weekend total of $258.2 million. The Thursday night preview earning was the best for an MCU film (beating Avengers: Age of Ultron's $27.6 million) and the fourth-best of all time, behind The Force Awakens ($57 million), The Last Jedi ($45 million) and Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows – Part 2 ($43.5 million). Fandango reported that $14 million of the $39 million came from ticket pre-sales from the company. The opening day gross was the second-best ever, behind The Force Awakens' $119.1 million, its Saturday gross of $83 million was the best-ever Saturday gross, beating Jurassic World's $69.6 million, and its Sunday gross of $69.2 million was the best-ever, beating The Force Awakens' $60.5 million. The total weekend gross became highest-grossing opening weekend of all time, beating The Force Awakens' $248 million. IMAX contributed $22.5 million to the opening weekend gross, which was the best opening for a Marvel film in the format and the third-biggest opening, behind The Force Awakens ($30 million) and The Last Jedi ($24.7 million). AMC reported that the film had the highest Friday and Saturday box office gross for a single title in the company's history, while Fandango reported that approximately $84 million worth of tickets were sold through the service, approximately 30%, which was the largest share of the weekend box office for any film in the company's history.[128] Avengers: Infinity War earned an additional $25 million the Monday after its opening weekend, which was the highest grossing Monday in April, beating Furious 7 ($14 million), and the second-best Monday gross for an MCU film, after Black Panther ($40.1 million).[178] The next day, it earned $23.5 million, which was the highest grossing Tuesday for an MCU film, beating Black Panther ($20.8 million), and the highest grossing Tuesday in May, beating The Avengers ($17.6 million). It also tied The Force Awakens for the fastest to reach $300 million at five days.[179]

text: The film remained number one in its second weekend, earning $115.5 million, which was the second-best second weekend ever after The Force Awakens ($149.2 million). Infinity War also surpassed $400 million in the weekend, doing so in nine days, becoming the second fastest film to reach that mark, again after The Force Awakens's eight days.[130] In its third weekend, Infinity War remained number one at the box office, and became the second-fastest film to surpass $500 million, doing so in 15 days (behind The Force Awakens's 10 days). The weekend also saw its total domestic IMAX gross become $48.1 million, which was the highest for any MCU film.[168] The film's fourth weekend saw it come in second, behind Deadpool 2,[180] and in its fifth it finished third behind Solo: A Star Wars Story and Deadpool 2.[181] By May 23, Infinity War surpassed $600 million, becoming the second-fastest film to do so in 26 days, after The Force Awakens (12 days).[182] It remained in the top ten through its ninth weekend.[183] It is the fourth highest-grossing film of all time,[166] and the second highest-grossing superhero film.[184] The film is projected to gross $650–675 million for its total final domestic gross.[182]

text: Other territories

text: Outside the United States and Canada, the film earned $382.7 million from 52 markets, opening number one in all, and became the number two opening internationally, behind The Fate of the Furious ($444.2 million). IMAX contributed $18.5 million, which was the best opening outside of the US, Canada, and China, surpassing The Force Awakens ($17.5 million).[185] All-time opening weekend records were set in South Korea ($39.2 million), Mexico ($25.4 million), Brazil ($19.1 million), India (for a Western release, $18.6 million), the Philippines ($12.5 million), Thailand ($10 million), Indonesia ($9.6 million), Malaysia,[185] Hong Kong, Vietnam,[186] Central America, Peru, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Bolivia, South Africa, Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, and West Africa,[185] with many also setting opening day records.[187] Australia opened with $6.7 million, which was the second biggest opening day of all time, behind The Force Awakens;[186] it went on to have the second-highest opening weekend ever, with $23.2 million.[185] France's opening day gross of $3.9 million was the highest ever for the month of April and the largest ever for an MCU film, while the same amount in Italy was the third-highest opening day and biggest superhero and Disney opening ever.[186] France went on to earn $17.7 million, the biggest superhero opening in the market.[185] Denmark, Finland, Norway, Portugal, and Sweden had the best opening for a superhero film. The United Kingdom earned $8.9 million, which was the biggest MCU opening day and third highest opening day for a Disney film;[186] it would go on to earn $41.4 million for the weekend, which was the third-highest of all time and the second-highest Disney opening. The United Kingdom also had the highest grossing Saturday ever.[185] Argentina had the second highest opening day of all time, while Germany had the best superhero film opening day of all time,[186] ultimately earning $14.7 million, which was the best superhero opening ever.[185] Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, the Middle East, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Ukraine also broke superhero film records.[186] Japan had the second-biggest opening for an MCU film with $9 million.[185]

text: Avengers: Infinity War remained number one in its 54 markets in its second weekend.[131] The $4.9 million opening day in Russia was the biggest of all time. Infinity War was also the first film in Russia to sell more than 1 million tickets in a single day,[188] and went on to gross $17.6 million in the market, a new opening weekend record. IMAX contributed $2.2 million in the market, which was also an opening weekend record.[131] In its third weekend, the film remained number one in a majority of its markets. Infinity War opened in China to $200 million (RMB 1.266 billion), which was the second highest opening weekend in local currency behind The Fate of the Furious ($184 million and RMB 1.352 million). IMAX contributed $20.5 million, which was the third-largest opening in China.[172] Infinity War also broke China's pre-sale record of 400 million yuan ($63 million).[189] In India, Infinity War became the first Hollywood film to earn over ₹2 billion net ($29.7 million),[190] and also became the highest grossing MCU film in the United Kingdom.[191] In its sixth weekend, the film became the highest grossing MCU film in Japan with $33 million.[192]

text: The film became the highest grossing release ever in Brazil, Indonesia, the Philippines, Central America, Bolivia, Venezuela, Latin America as a region, Mexico, Chile, Ecuador, Peru, Malaysia, Singapore, India (for a Western release), Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand (for a Western release), and Mongolia,[131][172][165][171] the second-highest in the Asia-Pacific region (for a Western release), Hong Kong, and South Korea (for a Western release)[171] and the third-highest in China (for a Western release).[171] It is also the highest-grossing superhero film in Belgium, Bosnia, Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Switzerland, the United Arab Emirates, Ukraine, and the United Kingdom.[171] As of  June 17, 2018[update], the film's top markets are China ($373.4 million), the United Kingdom ($95.7 million), and South Korea ($92.8 million).[193] The film is the third highest-grossing film of all time in territories outside the United States and Canada.[166]

text: Critical response

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an 83% approval rating based on 338 reviews, and an average rating of 7.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Avengers: Infinity War ably juggles a dizzying array of MCU heroes in the fight against their gravest threat yet, and the result is a thrilling, emotionally resonant blockbuster that (mostly) realizes its gargantuan ambitions."[195] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 68 out of 100, based on 53 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[196] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale,[128] while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 87% overall positive score and a 68% "definite recommend".[130]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter praised the writers' and directors' ability to balance the large cast of characters, saying, "...writers Christopher Markus and Stephen McFeely and directors Anthony and Joe Russo, under the supervision of Marvel Films maestro Kevin Feige, acknowledge the traffic jam of egos and play it for laughs".[197] Owen Gleiberman of Variety concurred, stating, "Infinity War is a brashly entertaining jamboree, structured to show off each hero or heroine and give them just enough to do, and to update their mythologies without making it all feel like homework."[198] Rolling Stone's Peter Travers said the film is "too much of a good thing" and wrote, "The Russo brothers have clearly never learned the concept that less is more. They've used the premise of an Avengers reunion to put on a fireworks explosion of action and laughs that won't quit."[199] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times called it Marvel's "biggest and most ambitious movie yet", but concluded "it's certainly not the best. However, there's plenty of action, humor and heart—and some genuinely effective dramatic moments." Roeper went on to praise the film's cast and Josh Brolin in particular, whom he called "the film's most interesting performance".[200] Gleiberman called Brolin's motion capture performance "supremely effective" and said, "Brolin infuses Thanos with his slit-eyed manipulative glower, so that the evil in this movie never feels less than personal."[198] McCarthy wrote, "Brolin's calm, considered reading of the character bestows this conquering beast with an unexpectedly resonant emotional dimension, making him much more than a thick stick figure of a supervillain." McCarthy also praised the film's action sequences, saying "Infinity War brims with tensely spectacular combat sequences, even if the question of who's going to win each one has that extravagantly arbitrary could-Mighty-Mouse-beat-up-Superman? quality."[197] Gleiberman called the scale of the action, "astonishing",[198] and Travers wrote, "Avengers: Infinity War leaves viewers up in the air, feeling exhilarated and cheated at the same time, aching for a closure that never comes...at least not yet."[199] Josh Spiegel, also of The Hollywood Reporter, said the film takes "a cue from the ending of The Empire Strikes Back in its super-sized finale; this is the equivalent of Han Solo frozen in the carbonite, on steroids."[201]

text: A. O. Scott of The New York Times criticized the film's reliance on other films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, saying, "Considered on its own, as a single, nearly 2-hour-40-minute movie, Avengers: Infinity War makes very little sense", but conceded that it "was never meant to be viewed or judged in isolation".[202] Richard Brody of The New Yorker agreed, stating, "The insubstantiality of the film isn't due to the infinite yet flimsy malleability of C.G.I. gimmickry but, instead, to the dispersion of its drama throughout the many cinematic installations set in the Marvel Cinematic Universe."[203] Stephanie Zacharek of Time said, "[It] isn't really a beginning, but more of a middle or an end with a new piece of yarn attached. You need to have seen and internalized every one of the previous 18 Marvel Cinematic Universe movies to fully get it."[204] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times called it a "brisk, propulsive, occasionally rousing and borderline-gutsy continuation of a saga that finally and sensibly seems to be drawing to a close", but called its ultimate bid for catharsis "unsuccessful", saying, "Not even the threat of universal annihilation, it seems, will keep this assembly line from chugging ahead with its signature polished, mechanized efficiency."[205] Scott also criticized the action sequences, calling them "tedious and predictable" and writing, "The noisy, bloated spectacles of combat were surely the most expensive parts of the movie, but the money seems less like an imaginative tool than a substitute for genuine imagination."[202] Likewise, Zacharek said, "There's no pacing in Avengers: Infinity War. It's all sensation and no pulse. Everything is big, all of the time."[204]

text: Accolades

text:
Year

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Ref(s)

2018

Golden Trailer Awards

Best Action

"Millions" (Mocean)

Nominated

[206]

Best Teaser

"Balance" (Mocean)

Nominated

Best Original Score

"Millions" (Mocean)

Nominated

MTV Movie & TV Awards

Best Movie

Avengers: Infinity War

Nominated

[207]

Best Villain

Josh Brolin

Nominated

Best Fight

Scarlett Johansson, Danai Gurira, Elizabeth Olsen vs. Carrie Coon

Nominated

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Action Movie

Avengers: Infinity War

Won

[208]

Choice Action Movie Actor

Chris Evans

Nominated

Robert Downey Jr.

Won

Tom Holland

Nominated

Choice Action Movie Actress

Elizabeth Olsen

Nominated

Scarlett Johansson

Won

Zoe Saldana

Nominated

Choice Movie Villian

Josh Brolin

Nominated

Choice Liplock

Chris Pratt and Zoe Saldana

Nominated

Choice Hissy Fit

Mark Ruffalo

Nominated

text: Sequel

text: An untitled sequel is scheduled to be released on May 3, 2019,[89] with the Russos returning to direct,[91] and Markus and McFeely once again writing the screenplay.[94]

text: Notes

text: Jump up ^ Identified off-screen to be a message to Carol Danvers / Captain Marvel.[7]

tag: ol