document_title: List of average human height worldwide

question_text: what is the average female height in the uk

root

text: List of average human height worldwide

text: Below are average adult human heights by country or geographical region. The original studies and sources should be consulted for details on methodology and the exact populations measured, surveyed, or considered.

tag: p

text: As with any statistical data, the accuracy of such data may be questionable for various reasons:

text:
Some studies may allow subjects to self-report values. Generally speaking, self-reported height tends to be taller than its measured height, although the overestimation of height depends on the reporting subject's height, age, gender and region.[1][2][3][4]
Test subjects may have been invited instead of chosen at random, resulting in sampling bias.
Some countries may have significant height gaps between different regions. For instance, one survey shows there is 10.8 cm (4 1⁄2 in) gap between the tallest state and the shortest state in Germany.[5] Under such circumstances, the mean height may not represent the total population unless sample subjects are appropriately taken from all regions with using weighted average of the different regional groups.
Different social groups can show different mean height. According to a study in France, executives and professionals are 2.6 cm (1 in) taller, and university students are 2.55 cm (1 in) taller[6] than the national average.[7] As this case shows, data taken from a particular social group may not represent a total population in some countries.
A relatively small sample of the population may have been measured, which makes it uncertain whether this sample accurately represents the entire population.
The height of persons can vary over the course of a day, due to factors such as a height decrease from exercise done directly before measurement (i.e. inversely correlated), or a height increase since lying down for a significant period of time (i.e. positively correlated). For example, one study revealed a mean decrease of 1.54 centimetres (0.61 in) in the heights of 100 children from getting out of bed in the morning to between 4 and 5 p.m. that same day.[8] Such factors may not have been controlled in some of the studies.

text: Note: Letters in grey indicate non-measured height.

text:
Country/Region
Average male height
Average female height
Stature ratio
(male to female)
Sample population /
age range
Share of
pop. over 18
covered[9][10][11]
Methodology
Year
Source

Albania
174.0 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.8 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–29 (N= m:649 f:1,806)
23.5%
Measured
2008–2009
[12][13]

Argentina
N/A
159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
19–49
60.4%
Measured
2004–2005
[14]

Argentina
174.46 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.01 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
Healthy, 18 (N= m:90 f:97, SD= m:7.43 cm (3 in) f:6.99 cm (3 in))
2.9%
Measured
1998–2001
[15]

Armenia
N/A
158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,218, SD= f:5.7 cm (2 in))
48.6%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Australia
175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.8 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.09
18+
100.0%
Measured
2011–2012
[17]

Australia
177.8 cm (5 ft 10 in)
163.8 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.09
18–24
12.4%
Measured
2011–2012
[17]

Austria
179 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–49
54.3%
Measured
2006
[18]

Austria
180 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–24
7.7%
Measured
2006
[18]

Austria
178.80 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
N/A
1.07
30–34
7.8%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Austria
179.2 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
167.6 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.07
21 (N= m:53 f:69, SD= m:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.6 cm (2 in))
1.5%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Azerbaijan
171.8 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
165.4 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.04
16+
106.5%
Measured
2005
[21]

Bahrain
165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in)
154.2 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
1.07
19+ (N= m:1,120 f:1,181, SD= m:9.0 cm (3 1⁄2 in) f:7.8 cm (3 in))
97.7%
Measured
2002
[22]

Bahrain
171.0 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
156.6 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.09
18
1.9%
Measured
2009
[23][24]

Bangladesh
N/A
150.6 cm (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:7,368, SD= f:5.5 cm (2 in))
56.2%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Belgium
178.70 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
8.1%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Belgium
178.6 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
168.1 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.06
21 (N= m:20–49 f:20–49, SD= m:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.3 cm (2 in))
1.7%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Benin
N/A
159.3 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:11,015, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.5%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Bolivia
N/A
151.8 cm (5 ft 0 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:10,302, SD= f:5.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.6%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Bolivia
160.0 cm (5 ft 3 in)
142.2 cm (4 ft 8 in)
1.13
Aymara, 20–29
N/A
Measured
1970
[25]

Bosnia and Herzegovina
183.9 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in)
171.1 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
1.07
Students at UBL,19–32 (N= m:178 f:34, SD= m:7.11 cm (3 in) f:6.56 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
0.4%[26]
Measured
2014
[27]

Brazil
170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.8 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
18+ (N= m:62,037 f:65,696)
100.0%
Measured
2009
[28][29]

Brazil
173.0 cm (5 ft 8 in)
161.1 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24 (N= m:8,299 f:7,938)
13.0%
Measured
2009
[28]

Brazil – Urban
173.5 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.6 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24 (N= m:6,360 f:6,305)
10.9%
Measured
2009
[28]

Brazil – Rural
170.9 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24 (N= m:1,939 f:1,633)
2.1%
Measured
2009
[28]

Bulgaria
175.2 cm (5 ft 9 in)
163.2 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.07
N/A
N/A
N/A
2010
[30]

Bulgaria – Sofia
178.1 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
N/A
N/A
N/A
2010
[30]

Burkina Faso
N/A
161.6 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:7,337, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.5%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Cambodia
N/A
152.4 cm (5 ft 0 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:5,081, SD= f:5.4 cm (2 in))
52.2%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Cameroon – Urban
170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in)
161.3 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.06
15+ (N= m:3,746 f:5,078)
53.6%
Measured
2003
[31]

Cameroon – Urban
172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in)
162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.06
35-44 (N= m:558 f:1,156)
8.7%
Measured
2003
[31]

Canada
175.1 cm (5 ft 9 in)
162.3 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.08
18–79
94.7%
Measured
2007–2009
[32]

Canada
176.0 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
163.3 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.08
25–44
36.5%
Measured
2005
[3]

Central African Republic
N/A
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,408, SD= f:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
50.0%
Self-reported
1994
[16]

Chad
N/A
162.6 cm (5 ft 4 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,393, SD= f:6.4 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
51.9%
Self-reported
2004
[16]

Chile
169.6 cm (5 ft 7 in)
156.1 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.09
15+
107.2%
Measured
2009–2010
[33]

Chile
171.2 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
157.2 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.09
25–44
41.2%
Measured
2009–2010
[33]

Chile
171 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
159.1 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
15–24
23.7%
Measured
2009–2010
[33]

China, People's Republic of
167.1 cm (5 ft 6 in)
155.8 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.07
18+
100.0%
Measured
2012
[34]

China, Mainland
172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in)
160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.07
19
2.1%
Measured
2010
[35]

China, People's Republic of – Urban
170.2 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.6 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
17
0.6%
Measured
2002
[36]

China, People's Republic of – Rural
166.3 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
157.0 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.06
17
1.6%
Measured
2002
[36]

China, People's Republic of – Beijing
174.7 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.3 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
21
0.2%[37]
Measured
2010
[38]

China, People's Republic of – Sichuan
169.2 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
158.2 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24
0.7%[39]
Measured
2010
[40]

Colombia
170.6 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.7 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
18–22 (N= m:1,528,875 f:1,468,110)
14.1%
Measured
2002
[41]

Colombia
N/A
155.0 cm (5 ft 1 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:22,947, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.8%
Self-reported
2004
[16]

Comoros
N/A
154.8 cm (5 ft 1 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:644, SD= f:5.8 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
49.8%
Self-reported
1996
[16]

Congo, Democratic Republic of the
N/A
157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,727, SD= f:8.0 cm (3 in))
52.7%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Congo, Republic of the
N/A
159.0 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:3,922, SD= f:8.1 cm (3 in))
55.7%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Croatia
180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in)
166.49 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.09
18 (N= m:358 f:360, SD= m:6.8 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.6%
Measured
2006–2008
[42]

Cuba – Urban
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
156 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.08
15+
79.2%
Measured
1999
[43]

Czech Republic
180.31 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167.22 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
17
1.6%
Measured
2001
[44]

Denmark
180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–20 (N= m:38,025)
5.3%
Measured
2012
[45]

Denmark
181.4 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30
1.5%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Denmark
182.6 cm (6 ft 0 in)
168.7 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
1.08
23 (N= m:–20 f:20–49, SD= m:NA f:7.4 cm (3 in))
1.6%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Dinaric Alps
185.6 cm (6 ft 1 in)
171.8 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
1.08
17
N/A
Measured
2005
[46]

Dominican Republic
172.7 cm (5 ft 8 in)
159 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,763, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.8%
Self-reported
2014
[47]

El Salvador
N/A
160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49
50.9%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Egypt
170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24 (N= m:845 f:1,059)
16.6%
Measured
2008
[48]

Egypt
N/A
159.5 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:13,813, SD= f:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.2%
Self-reported
2008
[16]

Estonia
179.1 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
17
2.3%
Measured
2003
[49]

Ethiopia
N/A
157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:3,868, SD= f:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.8%
Self-reported
1997
[16]

Europe
177.6 cm (5 ft 10 in)[50]
N/A
N/A
17–29[51]
N/A
Measured and Self-reported
2001–2012
[12]

Finland
178.9 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
25–34 (N= m/f:2,305)
19.0%
Measured
1994
[52]

Finland
180.7 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
−25 (N= m/f:26,636)
9.2%
Measured
2010–2011
[52][53]

Finland
177.9 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
8.4%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

France
175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in)
162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.08
18–70 (N= m/f:11,562)
85.9%
Measured
2003–2004
[54][55]

France
174.1 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.9 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20+
96.6%
Measured
2001
[7]

France
177.0 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
20–29
17.5%
Measured
2001
[7]

France
176.2 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
8.3%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Gabon
N/A
158.4 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,576, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.1%
Self-reported
2000
[16]

Gambia – Rural
168.0 cm (5 ft 6 in)
157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.06
21–49 (N= m:9,559 f:13,160, SD= m:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.6 cm (2 in))
N/A
Measured
1950–1974
[56]

Germany
175.4 cm (5 ft 9 in)
162.8 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.08
18–79 (N= m/f:19,768)
94.3%
Measured
2007
[5]

Germany
178.9 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
166.1 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18–37
29.2%
Measured
2007
[5]

Germany – Urban[57]
180.6 cm (5 ft 11 in)
168.5 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18–37
7.1%[58]
Measured
2007
[5]

Germany
180.17 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
7.2%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Germany
178 cm (5 ft 10 in)
165 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
18+ (N= m:25,112 f:25,560)
100.0%
Self-reported
2009
[59]

Germany
181 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
18–25 (N= m:2,501 f:2,227)
11.3%
Self-reported
2009
[59]

Ghana
N/A
159.3 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,958, SD= f:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.4%
Self-reported
2008
[16]

Ghana
169.5 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
158.5 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
25–29
14.7%
Measured
1987–1989
[60]

Greece
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
165 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.07
18–49
56.3%
Measured
2003
[18]

Greece
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–24
8.5%
Measured
2003
[18]

Greece
178.06 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–26 (N= m:3,982, SD= m:7.05 cm (3 in))
13.7%
Measured
2006–2007
[61]

Greece
177.29 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
9.5%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Greece
178.3 cm (5 ft 10 in)
166.6 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.07
21 (N= m:20–49 f:20–49, SD= m:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.3 cm (2 in))
1.8%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Guatemala
N/A
147.3 cm (4 ft 10 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,773, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.3%
Self-reported
1998
[16]

Guinea
N/A
158.8 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,563, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.9%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Haiti
N/A
158.6 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,932, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.8%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Honduras
N/A
152.0 cm (5 ft 0 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:11,219, SD= f:6.4 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.3%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Hong Kong
171.7 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
158.7 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18 (N= m:468 f:453, SD= m:5.5 cm (2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in))
1.4%
Measured
2006
[62]

Hong Kong
173.4 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
160.1 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.08
University students, 19–20 (N= m:291 f:200, SD= m:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.2 cm (2 in))
0.6%[63]
Measured
2005
[64]

Hungary
176 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.07
Adults
N/A
Measured
2000s
[65]

Hungary
177.3 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
18 (N= m:1,080, SD= m:5.99 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.7%
Measured
2005
[66]

India
164.7 cm (5 ft 5 in)
151.9 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.08
20–49 (N= m:69,245 f:118,796)
69.8%
Measured
2005–2006
[67]

Iceland
181 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
20–49
43.6%
Self-reported
2007
[18]

India – Rural
161.2 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
152.1 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.06
17+ (SD= m:7.0 cm (3 in) f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
72.1%
Measured
2007
[68]

India
166.3 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
152.6 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.09
20
3.0%
Predicted
2005–2006
[68]

Indonesia
158 cm (5 ft 2 in)
147 cm (4 ft 10 in)
1.07
50+ (N= m:2,041 f:2,396, Median= m:158 cm (5 ft 2 in) f:147 cm (4 ft 10 in))
22.5%
Self-reported
1997
[69]

Iran
170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in)
157.2 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
21+ (N= m/f:89,532, SD= m:8.05 cm (3 in) f:7.22 cm (3 in))
88.1%
Measured
2005
[70]

Iran
173.4 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.09
21–25
17.9%
Measured
2005
[70]

Iraq – Baghdad
165.4 cm (5 ft 5 in)
155.8 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.06
18–44 (N= m:700 f:800, SD= m:5.6 cm (2 in) f:16.0 cm (6 1⁄2 in))
76.3%
Measured
1999–2000
[71]

Ireland
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
163 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.09
20–49
61.8%
Measured
2007
[18]

Ireland
179 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
163 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.10
20–24
10.4%
Measured
2007
[18]

Ireland
176.60 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30
1.7%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Ireland
177.5 cm (5 ft 10 in)
163.5 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.09
21 (N= m:54 f:20–49, SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:7.6 cm (3 in))
2.4%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Israel
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.07
18–21
9.7%
Measured
2010
[72]

Italy
176.5 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
162.5 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.09
18
1.4%
Measured
1999–2004
[12][24][73]

Italy
174.48 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30
1.6%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Italy
177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
167.8 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.06
21 (N= m:106 f:92, SD= m:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.4%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Ivory Coast
170.1 cm (5 ft 7 in)
159.1 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
25–29 (SD= m:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.67 cm (2 in))
14.6%
Measured
1985–1987
[60]

Ivory Coast
N/A
159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,600, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.4%
Self-reported
1998
[16]

Jamaica
171.8 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
160.8 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.07
25–74
71.4%
Measured
1994–1996
[74]

Japan
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
158 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
20–49
47.2%
Measured
2005
[18]

Japan
172.0 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
158.70 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–24 (N= m:1,708 f:1,559, SD= m:5.42 cm (2 in) f:5.30 cm (2 in))
7.2%
Measured
2004
[75]

Japan
170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158.0 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
17
1.2%
Measured
2013
[76]

Jordan
N/A
158.2 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,484, SD= f:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.6%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Kazakhstan
N/A
159.8 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,600, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.7%
Self-reported
1999
[16]

Kenya
170.0 cm (5 ft 7 in)
N/A
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,600, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.7%
Summary
2016
[77]

Kenya
N/A
158.2 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,856, SD= f:7.3 cm (3 in))
52.5%
Survey
2016
[16][77]

Korea, NorthNorth Korea
165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
154.9 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.07
Defectors, 20–39 (N= m/f:1,075)
46.4%
Measured
2005
[78]

Korea, SouthSouth Korea
170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in)
157.4 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
20+ (N= m:2,750 f:2,445, Median= m:170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) f:157.4 cm (5 ft 2 in), SD= m:6.40 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.99 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
96.5%
Measured
2010
[79]

Korea, SouthSouth Korea
173.5 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.08
20–24 (N= m:378 f:298, Median= m:174.0 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in) f:160.5 cm (5 ft 3 in), SD= m:5.16 cm (2 in) f:5.26 cm (2 in))
8.0%
Measured
2010
[79]

Korea, SouthSouth Korea
173.5 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–19 (N= m:363,827)
3.8%
Measured
2014
[80]

Korea, SouthSouth Korea – Seoul
173.9 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–19 (N= m:65,876)
0.8%
Measured
2014
[80]

Kyrgyzstan
N/A
158.0 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,424, SD= f:5.8 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.4%
Self-reported
1997
[16]

Lesotho
N/A
157.6 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,879, SD= f:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
49.8%
Self-reported
2004
[16]

Liberia
N/A
157.3 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,281, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.8%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Lithuania
177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:197 SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
14.7%
Measured
2005[81]
[82]

Lithuania – Urban
178.4 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:91 SD= m:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
9.9%
Measured
2005[81]
[82]

Lithuania – Rural
176.2 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 19–25 (N= m:106 SD= m:5.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
4.9%
Measured
2005[81]
[82]

Lithuania
181.3 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
18
2.1%
Measured
2001
[83]

Madagascar
N/A
154.3 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:5,024, SD= f:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.6%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Malawi – Urban
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
155 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.07
16–60 (N= m:583 f:315, SD= m:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:9.4 cm (3 1⁄2 in))
101.1%
Measured
2000
[84]

Malaysia
166.3 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
154.7 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.07
Malay, 20–24 (N= m:749 f:893, Median= m:166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in) f:155 cm (5 ft 1 in), SD= m:6.46 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.04 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
9.7%[85]
Measured
1996
[86]

Malaysia
168.5 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.07
Chinese, 20–24 (N= m:407 f:453, Median= m:169 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in) f:158 cm (5 ft 2 in), SD= m:6.98 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.72 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
4.1%[85]
Measured
1996
[86]

Malaysia
169.1 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
155.4 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.09
Indian, 20–24 (N= m:113 f:140, Median= m:168 cm (5 ft 6 in) f:156 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in), SD= m:5.84 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.18 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.2%[85]
Measured
1996
[86]

Malaysia
163.3 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
151.9 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.08
Other indigenous, 20–24 (N= m:257 f:380, Median= m:163 cm (5 ft 4 in) f:152 cm (5 ft 0 in), SD= m:6.26 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.95 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
0.4%[85]
Measured
1996
[86]

Mali – Southern Mali
171.3 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
160.4 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.07
Rural adults (N= m:121 f:320, SD= m:6.6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in))
N/A
Measured
1992
[87]

Malta
169.9 cm (5 ft 7 in)
159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.06
18+
100.0%
Self-reported
2003
[88]

Malta
175.2 cm (5 ft 9 in)
163.8 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.07
25–34
17.5%
Self-reported
2003
[88]

Mexico
167 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
154 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–49
69.4%
Measured
2006
[18]

Mexico
169 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
155 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.08
20–24
14.5%
Measured
2006
[18]

Mexico
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Middle & upper classes, young adults
N/A
Measured
N/A
[89]

Mexico – Bajío
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Adults
N/A
Measured
N/A
[90]

Mexico – Central
N/A
162 cm (5 ft 4 in)
N/A
26–39
N/A
Measured
N/A
[90]

Mexico – Morelos
167 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
155 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.08
18–76
1.6%[91]
Self-reported
1998–1999
[92]

Moldova
N/A
161.2 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,757, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
45.9%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Mongolia
168.4 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.07
25–34 (N= m:158 f:181)
27.6%
Measured
2006
[93]

Montenegro
183.2 cm (6 ft 0 in)
168.4 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
1.09
Students at UCG,18–37 (N= m:178 f:107, SD= m:7.06 cm (3 in) f:5.27 cm (2 in))
3.2%[94]
Measured
2011
[24]

Morocco
N/A
158.5 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:10,334, SD= f:6.0 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.7%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Mozambique
N/A
156 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:6,912, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
55.0%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Namibia
N/A
160.7 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:5,575, SD= f:7.1 cm (3 in))
50.4%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Nepal
163.0 cm (5 ft 4 in)
150.8 cm (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:6,280, SD= f:5.5 cm (2 in))
52.9%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Netherlands
181 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
169 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
1.07
Caucasians,16–18[95] (N= m:37 f:52, SD= m:6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5 cm (2 in))
3.7%[96]
Measured
2003
[97]

Netherlands
182.70 cm (6 ft 0 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
7.8%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Netherlands
180.8 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167.5 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
20+
96.8%
Self-reported
2010
[9][29][98]

Netherlands
183.2 cm (6 ft 0 in)
169.9 cm (5 ft 7 in)
1.08
20–30
16.9%
Self-reported
2010
[98]

Netherlands
183.8 cm (6 ft 1⁄2 in)
170.7 cm (5 ft 7 in)
1.08
21 (N= m:74 f:50, SD= m:7.1 cm (3 in) f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.5%
Self-reported
2009
[99]

New Zealand
177 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–49
56.9%
Measured
2007
[18]

New Zealand
178 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.09
20–24
9.1%
Measured
2007
[18]

Nicaragua
N/A
153.7 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49
54.1%
Self-reported
2001
[16]

Nigeria
163.8 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
157.8 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.04
18–74
98.6%
Measured
1994–1996
[74]

Nigeria
167.2 cm (5 ft 6 in)
160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.04
20–29 (N= m:139 f:76, SD= m:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.7 cm (2 in))
33.2%
Measured
2011
[100]

Norway
180.0 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:18,297)
36.0%
Measured
2011
[101]

Norway – Vest-Agder
181.7 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:770)
1.33%
Measured
2011
[101]

Norway – Oslo
179.8 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:1,297)
4.78%
Measured
2011
[101]

Norway – Finnmark
177.5 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 18–44 (N= m:218)
0.54%
Measured
2011
[101]

Norway
179.63 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
8.5%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Norway
180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.08
20–85 (N= m:1534 f:1743)
93.6%
Self-reported
2008–2009
[9][29][102]

Norway
182.4 cm (6 ft 0 in)
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.09
20–25 (SD= m:5.3 cm (2 in) f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
9.5%
Self-reported
2008–2009
[102]

Norway
181.6 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
168.2 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
26–35 (SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
17.0%
Self-reported
2008–2009
[102]

Peru
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
151 cm (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
1.09
20+
93.8%
Measured
2005
[103]

Philippines
162 cm (5 ft 4 in)
150 cm (4 ft 11 in)
N/A
18+
–
Measured
2014
[104]

Poland
178.7 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
165.1 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
18 (N= m:846 f:1,126)
1.6%
Measured
2010
[105]

Portugal
173.9 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
N/A
N/A
18 (N= m:696)
1.5%
Measured
2008
[12][106]

Portugal
172.30 cm (5 ft 8 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
9.7%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Portugal
171 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
161 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.06
20–50
56.7%
Self-reported
2001
[18]

Portugal
173.7 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
163.7 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.06
21 (N= m:87 f:106, SD= m:8.2 cm (3 in) f:5.3 cm (2 in))
1.9%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Qatar
170.8 cm (5 ft 7 in)
161.1 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.06
18
1.9%
Measured
2005
[24][107]

Rwanda
N/A
157.7 cm (5 ft 2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:3,202, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.2%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Romania
172 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
157 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.10
N/A
N/A
Measured
2007
[108]

Russia
177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164.1 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.08
24
1.9%
Measured
2004
[24][109]

Samoa
N/A
166.6 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
N/A
18–28 (N= f:55 SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
32.6%
Measured
2004
[110]

Saudi Arabia
168.9 cm (5 ft 6 1⁄2 in)
156.3 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18
3.0%
Measured
2010
[24][111]

Senegal
N/A
163 cm (5 ft 4 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,533, SD= f:6.7 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.4%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

Serbia
182.0 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
166.8 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.09
Students at UNS,18–30 (N= m:318 f:76, SD= m:6.74 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.88 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
0.7%[112]
Measured
2012
[113]

Singapore
171 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
160 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.07
Chinese students at TP,16–18[114] (N= m:52 f:49, SD= m:6 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5 cm (2 in))
0.3%[115][116]
Measured
2003
[97]

Slovakia
179.4 cm (5 ft 10 1⁄2 in)
165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
18
2.0%
Measured
2004
[117]

Slovenia – Ljubljana
180.3 cm (5 ft 11 in)
167.4 cm (5 ft 6 in)
1.08
19
0.2%[118]
Measured
2011
[119]

South Africa
168 cm (5 ft 6 in)
159 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.06
19 (N= m:121 f:118)
3.6%
Measured
2003
[120]

Sri Lanka
163.6 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
151.4 cm (4 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18+ (N= m:1,768 f:2,709, SD= m:6.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.4 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
100.0%
Measured
2005–2006
[121]

Sri Lanka
165.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
154.0 cm (5 ft 1⁄2 in)
1.08
18–29 (N= m:312 f:427, SD= m:7.1 cm (3 in) f:5.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
30.7%
Measured
2005–2006
[121]

Spain
173.1 cm (5 ft 8 in)
N/A
N/A
18–70 (N= m:1,298 [122][123] )
88.2%
Measured
2013–2014
[124][125]

Spain
N/A
159.6 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
18–70 (N= f:8,217 [126][127] )
83.5%
Measured
2007–2008
[29][123][124][127]

Spain
175.3 cm (5 ft 9 in)
N/A
N/A
18–34 (N= m:554-1,061 [123][128] )
26.8%
Measured
2013–2014
[124][125][129][130]

Spain
N/A
162.6 cm (5 ft 4 in)
N/A
18–19 (N= f:656 [127][131] )
2.4%
Measured
2007–2008
[123][124][127]

Spain
175.5 cm (5 ft 9 in)
N/A
N/A
30–34
11.1%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Spain
174 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
163 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.07
20–49
57.0%
Self-reported
2007
[18]

Spain
176 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
166 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.06
20–24
7.5%
Self-reported
2007
[18]

Spain
178 cm (5 ft 10 in)
166.2 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.07
21 (N= m:111 f:94, SD= m:6.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.8%
Self-reported
2001
[20]

Swaziland
N/A
159.1 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,612, SD= f:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
51.0%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

Sweden
181.5 cm (5 ft 11 1⁄2 in)
166.8 cm (5 ft 5 1⁄2 in)
1.09
20–29
15.6%
Measured
2008
[132]

Sweden
180.4 cm (5 ft 11 in)
N/A
N/A
30
8.0%
Estimates
1976–1980
[19]

Sweden
177.9 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164.6 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
20–74
86.3%
Self-reported
1987–1994
[133]

Switzerland
178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
N/A
N/A
Conscripts, 19 (N= m:12,447, Median= m:178.0 cm (5 ft 10 in), SD= m:6.52 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
1.5%
Measured
2009
[134]

Switzerland
175.4 cm (5 ft 9 in)
164 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20–74
88.8%
Self-reported
1987–1994
[133]

Taiwan
171.4 cm (5 ft 7 1⁄2 in)
159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in)
1.07
17 (N= m:200 f:200)
1.7%
Measured
2011
[135][136][137]

Tanzania
N/A
156.6 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:6,033, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
52.8%
Self-reported
2004
[16]

Thailand
170.3 cm (5 ft 7 in)
159 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.07
STOU students, 15–19 (N= m:839 f:1,636, SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
0.2%[138]
Self-reported
2005
[139]

Togo
N/A
159.0 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,728, SD= f:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.4%
Self-reported
1998
[16]

Tonga
176.1 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
165.3 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.07
40 (N= m:241 f:299)
1.5%
Measured
2001
[140]

Turkey
173.6 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
161.9 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.07
20-22 (N= m:322 f:247)
8.3%
Measured
2007
[12][24][141]

Turkey – Ankara
174.1 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.10
18–59 (N= m:703 f:512, Median= m:169.7 cm (5 ft 7 in) f:157.5 cm (5 ft 2 in), SD= m:6.9 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:6.4 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
5.1%[142]
Measured
2004–2006
[143]

Turkey – Ankara
176.1 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
162 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.09
18–29 (N= m:390 f:163, Median= m:173.9 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in) f:164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in), SD= m:6.3 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:7.0 cm (3 in))
2.0%[142]
Measured
2004–2006
[143]

Turkey
N/A
156.4 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,393, SD= f:5.6 cm (2 in))
54.5%
Self-reported
2003
[16]

Uganda
N/A
159.2 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:1,666, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
53.4%
Self-reported
2006
[16]

United Arab Emirates
173.4 cm (5 ft 8 1⁄2 in)
156.4 cm (5 ft 1 1⁄2 in)
1.11
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
[144]

United Kingdom – England
175.3 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.9 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
16+ (N= m:3,154 f:3,956)
103.2%[145]
Measured
2012
[4]

United Kingdom – England
177.8 cm (5 ft 10 in)
164.5 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
25–34 (N= m:415 f:611)
17.2%[145]
Measured
2012
[4]

United Kingdom – Scotland
175.0 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.3 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.08
16+ (N= m:2,512 f:3,180, Median= m:174.8 cm (5 ft 9 in) f:161.2 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in))
103.0%[145]
Measured
2008
[146]

United Kingdom – Scotland
178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
163.5 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.09
25–34 (N= m:286 f:413, Median= m:178.0 cm (5 ft 10 in) f:163.9 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in))
15.7%[145]
Measured
2008
[146]

United Kingdom – Wales
177.0 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
162.0 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.09
16+
103.2%[145]
Self-reported
2009
[147]

United States
175.7 cm (5 ft 9 in)
161.8 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in)
1.09
All Americans, 20+ (N= m:5,232 f:5,547, Median= m:175.6 cm (5 ft 9 in) f:161.9 cm (5 ft 3 1⁄2 in))
69%
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States
176.4 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in)
162.9 cm (5 ft 4 in)
1.08
All Americans, 20–29 (N= m:937 f:928, Median= m:176.2 cm (5 ft 9 1⁄2 in) f:162.9 cm (5 ft 4 in))
13.9%
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – African Americans
177.4 cm (5 ft 10 in)
163.6 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in)
1.08
African Americans, 20–39 (N= m:405 f:418, Median= m:177.2 cm (5 ft 10 in) f:163.7 cm (5 ft 4 1⁄2 in))
3.4%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – Hispanic and Latino Americans
172.4 cm (5 ft 8 in)
158.9 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.08
Hispanic/Latino Americans, 20–39 (N= m:385 f:428, Median= m:172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in) f:159.1 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in))
4.4%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – Mexican Americans
172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in)
158.4 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.09
Mexican Americans, 20–39 (N= m:233 f:247, Median= m:172.1 cm (5 ft 8 in) f:158.7 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in))
2.8%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – Asian Americans
172.3 cm (5 ft 8 in)
158.4 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
1.09
Non-Hispanic Asians, 20–39 (N= m:260 f:272, Median= m:172.2 cm (5 ft 8 in) f:158.1 cm (5 ft 2 in))
1.3%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

United States – Non-Hispanic whites
178.2 cm (5 ft 10 in)
165.0 cm (5 ft 5 in)
1.08
Non-Hispanic White Americans, 20–39 (N= m:715 f:689, Median= m:178.3 cm (5 ft 10 in) f:164.8 cm (5 ft 5 in))
17.1%[149]
Measured
2011–2014
[148]

Uruguay
170 cm (5 ft 7 in)
158 cm (5 ft 2 in)
1.08
Adults (N= m:2,249 f:2,114)
N/A
Measured
1990
[150]

Uzbekistan
N/A
159.9 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:2,635, SD= f:6.1 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.6%
Self-reported
1996
[16]

Vietnam
162.1 cm (5 ft 4 in)
152.2 cm (5 ft 0 in)
1.07
25–29 (SD= m:5.39 cm (2 in) f:5.39 cm (2 in))
15.9%
Measured
1992–1993
[60]

Vietnam
165.7 cm (5 ft 5 in)
155.2 cm (5 ft 1 in)
1.07
Students, 20–25 (N= m:1,000 f:1,000, SD= m:6.55 cm (2 1⁄2 in) f:5.32 cm (2 in))
2.0%[151]
Measured
2006–2007
[152]

Zambia
N/A
158.5 cm (5 ft 2 1⁄2 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,091, SD= f:6.5 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
54.2%
Self-reported
2007
[16]

Zimbabwe
N/A
160.3 cm (5 ft 3 in)
N/A
25–49 (N= f:4,746, SD= f:6.2 cm (2 1⁄2 in))
47.3%
Self-reported
2005
[16]

tag: table

text: Notes

text: Jump up ^ In this case, data that are representative of the majority of the country or region's adult population are those that factor in over 50% of the country or region's population aged 18 or over.

tag: ol


document_title: Are You the One?

question_text: who hosted are you the one second chances

question_tokens: who hosted are you the one second chances

text: Are You the One?

text: Series overview

text:
Season
Originally aired
Number of
cast members
All Perfect
Matches Found?
Total Money Won

Season premiere
Season finale

1
January 21, 2014 (2014-01-21)
March 25, 2014 (2014-03-25)
20
Y
$1,000,000

2
October 6, 2014 (2014-10-06)
December 8, 2014 (2014-12-08)
21
Y
$1,000,000

3
September 24, 2015 (2015-09-24)
November 18, 2015 (2015-11-18)
20
Y
$750,000

4
June 13, 2016 (2016-06-13)
August 15, 2016 (2016-08-15)
20
Y
$750,000

5
January 11, 2017 (2017-01-11)
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)
22
N
$0

6
September 20, 2017 (2017-09-20)
December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)
22
Y
$1,000,000

text: Season 1 – Kauai, Hawaii

text: Filmed in Hawaii

text: Season one premiered on January 21, 2014.[4]

text:
Guys

Cast Member[5]
Age
Hometown

Adam Kuhn
23
Sterling, Virginia

Andrean "Dre" McCoy
23
Atlanta, Georgia

Chris "Scali" Scali
24
Brooklyn, New York

Chris Tolleson
23
Virginia Beach

Dillan Ostrom
23
Finley, North Dakota

Ethan Diamond
23
Denver, Colorado

Joey Dillon
23
Atlanta, Georgia

John "JJ" Jacobs
25
Washington, DC

Ryan Malaty
24
Greeley, Colorado

Wesley "Wes" Buckles
25
Phoenix, Arizona

Girls

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Amber Lee
22
Austin, Texas

Ashleigh Feaster
23
Akron, Ohio

Brittany Baldassari
24
Boston, Massachusetts

Coleysia Chestnut
23
Selma, Alabama

Jacinda "Jacy" Rodriguez
24
Carolina, Puerto Rico

Jessica Perez
23
Miami, Florida

Kayla Lusby
22
Greenfield, Tennessee

Paige Brendel
22
Phoenix, Arizona

Shanley McIntee
24
Indianapolis, Indiana

Simone Kelly
23
Atlanta, Georgia

text: Progress

text:
Guys
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6/7
8
9
10

Adam
Brittany
Shanley
Brittany
Amber
Shanley
Ashleigh
Shanley
Shanley
Shanley

Chris S.
Ashleigh
Simone
Paige
Paige
Simone
Brittany
Jacy
Ashleigh
Jacy

Chris T.
Jessica
Paige
Simone
Ashleigh
Paige
Paige
Paige
Paige
Paige

Dillan
Coleysia
Jessica
Coleysia
Coleysia
Coleysia
Coleysia
Coleysia
Coleysia
Coleysia

Dre
Jacy
Ashleigh
Ashleigh
Simone
Brittany
Shanley
Simone
Simone
Simone

Ethan
Shanley
Amber
Amber
Kayla
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber
Amber

John
Simone
Jacy
Jessica
Shanley
Jacy
Jacy
Brittany
Jacy
Ashleigh

Joey
Paige
Brittany
Shanley
Jacy
Jessica
Simone
Jessica
Brittany
Brittany

Ryan
Amber
Kayla
Kayla
Brittany
Ashleigh
Jessica
Ashleigh
Jessica
Jessica

Wes
Kayla
Coleysia
Jacy
Jessica
Kayla
Kayla
Kayla
Kayla
Kayla

Correct Matches
2
4
2
2
5
5
7
8
10

text:
Girls
Episode

1
2
3
4
5
6/7
8
9
10

Amber
Ryan
Ethan
Ethan
Adam
Ethan
Ethan
Ethan
Ethan
Ethan

Ashleigh
Chris S.
Dre
Dre
Chris T.
Ryan
Adam
Ryan
Chris S.
John

Brittany
Adam
Joey
Adam
Ryan
Dre
Chris S.
John
Joey
Joey

Coleysia
Dillan
Wes
Dillan
Dillan
Dillan
Dillan
Dillan
Dillan
Dillan

Jacy
Dre
John
Wes
Joey
John
John
Chris S.
John
Chris S.

Jessica
Chris T.
Dillan
John
Wes
Joey
Ryan
Joey
Ryan
Ryan

Kayla
Wes
Ryan
Ryan
Ethan
Wes
Wes
Wes
Wes
Wes

Paige
Joey
Chris T.
Chris S.
Chris S.
Chris T.
Chris T.
Chris T.
Chris T.
Chris T.

Shanley
Ethan
Adam
Joey
John
Adam
Dre
Adam
Adam
Adam

Simone
John
Chris S.
Chris T.
Dre
Chris S.
Joey
Dre
Dre
Dre

Correct Matches
2
4
2
2
5
5
7
8
10

text: Name  Confirmed Perfect Match  Name  Unconfirmed Perfect Match

text: In Week 5, Ryan Awarded the house 2 Truth Booths, which gave the house their first perfect match in Dillan and Coleysia.

text: Chris T. and Paige were a confirmed match in episode 6, but due to his relationship with Shanley, the episode ended with a "to be continued..." instead of a Match-up Ceremony.

text: Truth Booths

text:
Couple
Episode
Result

Chris T. & Shanley
1
Not A Match

Ethan & Jessica
2
Not A Match

John & Simone
3
Not A Match

Dillon & Jessica
4
Not A Match

Dre & Ashleigh
5
Not A Match

Dillon & Coleysia
5
Perfect Match

Chris T. & Paige
6/7
Perfect Match

Ryan & Kayla
8
Not A Match

Wes & Kayla
9
Perfect Match

John & Jacy
10
Not A Match

text: MTV.com Clue

text:
Clue
Perfect Match

1
Ethan & Amber

2
Brittany & Joey

text: After Filming

text:
Guy
Girl
Current Status

Adam
Shanley
Friends

Adam
Brittany
Not together

Dre
Simone
Not together

Dre
Ashleigh
Friends

Chris S.
Jacy
Not together

Chris T.
Paige
Friends

Chris T.
Shanley
Not together

Dillan
Coleysia
Friends

Dillan
Shanley
Friends

Ethan
Amber
Married with 1 child

Joey
Brittany
Not together

John
Ashleigh
Not together

Ryan
Jessica
Friends

Ryan
Kayla
Not together

Wesley
Kayla
Not together

text: Adam Kuhn & Shanley McIntee returned for the Are You The One?: Second Chances and finished in 3rd place.

text: Baby Special and Reunion

text: Baby Special and Reunion aired on September 29, 2014. During this reunion, the gender of Ethan and Amber's baby was revealed to be a girl. Both parents-to-be got emotional when they found out they were having a girl. There were also conflicts between Scali and Jacy, Shanley and Chris T, and Ryan and Adam. The end of the episode resulted in most conflicts being resolved. Jacy stated that she would be moving to New York (where Scali is currently based) and they would take their relationship from there. Brittany told the camera that she would be taking Ryan home to meet her parents. [8]

text: The Challenge

text:
Cast member
Challenge Season
Challenges won
Total Money Earned

Adam Kuhn

Battle of the Exes II

None

$0

Brittany Baldassari

Battle of the Exes II

None

$0

John "JJ" Jacobs

Battle of the Exes II

None

$0

Simone Kelly

Battle of the Exes II, Rivals III, XXX: Dirty 30

None

$0

Challenge in bold indicates that the contestant was a finalist on The Challenge.

text: Season 2 – San Juan, Puerto Rico

text: Filmed in San Juan, Puerto Rico.

text: Season two premiered on October 6, 2014.[9]It was set in Puerto Rico.[10]This time, one guy has two matches which means that there will be eleven girls, but only ten boys. Christina is revealed as the first girl of the threeway couple. It is a race between Christina and another girl to find her perfect match and be confirmed as such in the Truth-Booth. The first couple of the threeway-couple to do so will end up in the honeymoon-suite. The other girl will have to leave empty-handed.

text: Cast

text:
Guys

Cast
Age
Hometown

Alex Phillips
23
Los Angeles, California

Anthony Bartolotte
22
Chicago, Illinois

Brandon Tindel
25
Las Vegas, Nevada

Curtis Hadzicki
24
Cardiff, California

Dario Medrano
21
Salem, Massachusetts

Garland Brown
22
St. Louis, Missouri

John Moustis
22
Chicago, Illinois

Layton Jones
25
Greenville, Mississippi

Nathan "Nate" Siebenmark
22
Berrien Springs, Michigan

Tyler "Pratt" Pratt
23
Orlando, Florida

Girls

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Alexandria Kim
23
Carlsbad, California

Ashley Hall
21
San Marcos, Texas

Briana LaCuesta
21
San Diego, California

Christina LeBlanc
24
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Ellie Puckett
23
Hamlet, North Carolina

Jasmine Pendleton
22
San Diego, California

Jenni Knapmiller
22
Burnsville, Minnesota

Jessica Andreatta
22
Westchester, New York

Paris Eike
23
Denver, Colorado

Shelby Yardley
21
Derby, Kansas

Tyler Abron
21
Boston, Massachusetts

text: Progress

text:
Guys
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Alex
Ellie
Christina
Jasmine
Tyler
Christina
Jessica
Jasmine
Jasmine
Jasmine
Jasmine

Anthony
Jessica
Alexandria
Jenni
Jenni
Ashley
Ellie
Briana
Jessica
Alexandria
Alexandria

Brandon
Christina
Tyler
Shelby
Ellie
Jasmine
Ashley
Tyler
Tyler
Briana
Briana

Curtis
Briana
Briana
Briana
Briana
Shelby
Shelby
Shelby
Shelby
Shelby
Shelby

Dario
Ashley
Shelby
Ashley
Shelby
Alexandria
Briana
Ashley
Ashley
Tyler
Ashley

Garland
Alexandria
Jasmine
Alexandria
Jasmine
Tyler
Tyler
Jessica
Alexandria
Jessica
Jessica

John
Jasmine
Ashley
Christina
Christina
Jenni
Alexandria
Jenni
Jenni
Jenni
Jenni

Layton
Jenni
Jessica
Ellie
Jessica
Briana
Jenni
Ellie
Ellie
Ashley
Christina & Tyler

Nathan
Shelby
Jenni
Jessica
Alexandria
Jessica
Jasmine
Christina
Briana
Ellie
Ellie

Pratt
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris
Paris

Correct Matches
2
2
3
1
3
2
6
5
8
10

text:
Girls
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Alexandria
Garland
Anthony
Garland
Nathan
Dario
John
N/A
Garland
Anthony
Anthony

Ashley
Dario
John
Dario
N/A
Anthony
Brandon
Dario
Dario
Layton
Dario

Briana
Curtis
Curtis
Curtis
Curtis
Layton
Dario
Anthony
Nathan
Brandon
Brandon

Christina
Brandon
Alex
John
John
Alex
N/A
Nathan
N/A
N/A
Layton

Ellie
Alex
N/A
Layton
Brandon
N/A
Anthony
Layton
Layton
Nathan
Nathan

Jasmine
John
Garland
Alex
Garland
Brandon
Nathan
Alex
Alex
Alex
Alex

Jenni
Layton
Nathan
Anthony
Anthony
John
Layton
John
John
John
John

Jessica
Anthony
Layton
Nathan
Layton
Nathan
Alex
Garland
Anthony
Garland
Garland

Paris
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt
Pratt

Shelby
Nathan
Dario
Brandon
Dario
Curtis
Curtis
Curtis
Curtis
Curtis
Curtis

Tyler
N/A
Brandon
N/A
Alex
Garland
Garland
Brandon
Brandon
Dario
Layton

Correct Matches
2
2
3
1
3
2
6
5
8
10

text: Name  Confirmed Perfect Match  Name  Unconfirmed Perfect Match  N/A  This girl was not chosen in the match-up ceremony

text: Once the truth booth confirms a perfect match, that couple will go to the honeymoon suite and will automatically be paired up for the remainder of the match ceremonies.

text: Truth Booths

text:
Couple
Episode
Result
Eleventh Girl

Brandon & Jessica
1
Not A Match
N/A

Brandon & Christina
2
Not A Match
N/A

Brandon & Alexandria
3
Not A Match
N/A

Pratt & Paris
4
Perfect Match
Not A Match

Curtis & Shelby
5
Perfect Match
Not A Match

John & Jasmine
6
Not A Match
N/A

John & Jenni
7
Perfect Match
Not A Match

Nathan & Christina
8
Not A Match
N/A

Alex & Jasmine
9
Perfect Match
Not A Match

Dario & Ashley
10
Perfect Match
Not A Match

text: After Filming

text:
Guy
Girl
Current Status

Alex
Jasmine
Not Together

Anthony
Ellie
Friends

Anthony
Jenni
Friends

Brandon
Briana
Friends

Brandon
Christina
Not Together

Curtis
Briana
Not Together

Curtis
Shelby
Not Together

Curtis
Jenni
Together

Dario
Ashley
Friends

Dario
Shelby
Not Together

Garland
Tyler
Not Together

John
Christina
Friends

John
Jenni
Not Together

Layton
Jessica
Not Together

Layton
Tyler
Not Together

Nathan
Briana
Roommates

Nathan
Ellie
Friends

Pratt
Paris
Not Together

text: Nathan "Nate" Siebenmark & Ellie Puckett returned for the Are You The One?: Second Chances and finished in 9th place.

text: The Challenge

text:
Cast member
Challenge Season
Challenges won
Total Money Earned

Anthony Bartolotte

Invasion of the Champions

None

$0

Brandon Tindel

Rivals III

None

$0

Briana LaCuesta

Rivals III, XXX: Dirty 30

None

$0

Christina LeBlanc

Battle of the Bloodlines, Rivals III

None

$0

Dario Medrano

Battle of the Bloodlines, Rivals III, Invasion of the Champions, XXX: Dirty 30

None

$0

Nathan "Nate" Siebenmark

Rivals III

None

$0

text: Challenge in bold indicates that the contestant was a finalist on The Challenge.

text: Season 3 – Kona, Hawaii

text: Filmed in Kona, Hawaii.

text: Season three premiered on September 21, 2015.[11]

text: Cast

text:
Guys

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Alec Gonzalez
22
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Austin Sheets
22
Addison, Texas

Chuck Mowery
26
Maui, Hawaii

Connor Smith
25
Tinley Park, Illinois

Devin Walker-Molaghan
26
Northampton, Massachusetts

Hunter Barfield
22
Perry, Florida

Mike Crescenzo
24
Stony Brook, New York

Nelson Thomas
26
San Marcos, Texas

Tyler Johnson
25
Indianapolis, Indiana

Zak Longo
26
Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Girls

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Amanda Garcia
22
Westminster, Colorado

Britni Thornton
24
Augusta, Georgia

Chelsey Perkins
23
Orlando, Florida

Hannah Rathbun
22
Syracuse, New York

Kayla Brackett
22
Sandy Hook, Connecticut

Kiki Cooper
24
Ashburn, Virginia

Cheyenne Floyd
22
Los Angeles, California

Melanie Velez
23
Franklin Square, New York

Rashida Beach
23
Columbia, South Carolina

Stacey Gurnevich
24
Staten Island, New York

text: Progress

text:
Guys
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Alec
Stacey
Chelsey
Stacey
Amanda
Stacey
Stacey
Rashida
Stacey
Stacey
Amanda

Austin
Kiki
Kiki
Amanda
Stacey
Hannah
Cheyenne
Kayla
Kiki
Cheyenne
Britni

Chuck
Hannah
Hannah
Kiki
Kiki
Kiki
Amanda
Melanie
Amanda
Rashida
Melanie

Connor
Chelsey
Kayla
Chelsey
Chelsey
Chelsey
Chelsey
Chelsey
Chelsey
Chelsey
Chelsey

Devin
Melanie
Melanie
Rashida
Hannah
Cheyenne
Rashida
Britni
Rashida
Britni
Rashida

Hunter
Britni
Stacey
Britni
Rashida
Melanie
Britni
Amanda
Britni
Kayla
Hannah

Mike
Amanda
Amanda
Kayla
Kayla
Britni
Melanie
Stacey
Melanie
Kiki
Kiki

Nelson
Cheyenne
Cheyenne
Melanie
Britni
Rashida
Kiki
Kiki
Kayla
Amanda
Stacey

Tyler
Rashida
Rashida
Cheyenne
Melanie
Amanda
Hannah
Cheyenne
Cheyenne
Melanie
Cheyenne

Zak
Kayla
Britni
Hannah
Cheyenne
Kayla
Kayla
Hannah
Hannah
Hannah
Kayla

Correct Matches
2
0
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
10

text:
Girls
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Amanda
Mike
Mike
Austin
Alec
Tyler
Chuck
Hunter
Chuck
Nelson
Alec

Britni
Hunter
Zak
Hunter
Nelson
Mike
Hunter
Devin
Hunter
Devin
Austin

Chelsey
Connor
Alec
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor
Connor

Cheyenne
Nelson
Nelson
Tyler
Zak
Devin
Austin
Tyler
Tyler
Austin
Tyler

Hannah
Chuck
Chuck
Zak
Devin
Austin
Tyler
Zak
Zak
Zak
Hunter

Kayla
Zak
Connor
Mike
Mike
Zak
Zak
Austin
Nelson
Hunter
Zak

Kiki
Austin
Austin
Chuck
Chuck
Chuck
Nelson
Nelson
Austin
Mike
Mike

Melanie
Devin
Devin
Nelson
Tyler
Hunter
Mike
Chuck
Mike
Tyler
Chuck

Rashida
Tyler
Tyler
Devin
Hunter
Nelson
Devin
Alec
Devin
Chuck
Devin

Stacey
Alec
Hunter
Alec
Austin
Alec
Alec
Mike
Alec
Alec
Nelson

Correct Matches
2
0
3
2
2
3
3
3
2
10

text: Due to the blackout in Episode 2, the whole cast lost $250,000, lowering the total money at the end to $750,000, instead of $1,000,000.

text: In Episode 9, Mike was removed from the competition due to an altercation that turned violent with Amanda. Kiki was left without a match that week and was automatically paired with Mike. In the end it turned out that Mike and Kiki were perfect matches.

text: Truth Booths

text:
Couple
Episode
Result

Hunter & Kiki
1
Not A Match

Devin & Kiki
2
Not A Match

Zak & Kiki
3
Not A Match

Chuck & Britni
4
Not A Match

Connor & Chelsey
5
Perfect Match

Chuck & Kiki
6
Not A Match

Alec & Melanie
7
Not A Match

Nelson & Kiki
8
Not A Match

Hunter & Britni
9
Not A Match

Zak & Kayla
10
Perfect Match

text: After Filming

text:
Guy
Girl
Current Status

Alec
Amanda
Not Together

Alec
Stacey
Not Together

Austin
Britni
Not Together

Chuck
Britni
Not Together

Chuck
Melanie
Not Together

Connor
Chelsey
Friends

Connor
Kayla
Friends

Devin
Kiki
Friends

Devin
Rashida
Friends

Hunter
Hannah
Not Together

Hunter
Stacey
Friends

Mike
Amanda
Friends

Mike
Kayla
Friends

Mike
Kiki
Not Together

Nelson
Cheyenne
Friends

Nelson
Stacey
Not Together

Tyler
Cheyenne
Friends

Tyler
Rashida
Not Together

Zak
Hannah
Together

Zak
Kayla
Not Together

text: Mike Crescenzo was a castmember of the 32nd season of the Real World, Real World: Seattle – Bad Blood

text: Devin Walker-Molaghan & Rashida Beach returned for the Are You The One?: Second Chances and finished in 1st place earning themselves $170,000.

text: The Challenge

text:
Cast member
Challenge Season
Challenges won
Total Money Earned

Amanda Garcia

Rivals III, Invasion of the Champions, XXX: Dirty 30

None

$0

Britni Thorton

XXX: Dirty 30, Vendettas

None

$0

Cheyenne Floyd

Rivals III

None

$12,500

Devin Walker-Molaghan

Rivals III, XXX: Dirty 30, Vendettas

None

$12,500

Hunter Barfield

Invasion of the Champions, XXX: Dirty 30

None

$0

Nelson Thomas

Rivals III, Invasion of the Champions, XXX: Dirty 30, Vendettas

None

$36,250

text: Season 4 – Maui, Hawaii

text: Filmed in Maui, Hawaii. Season four premiered on June 13, 2016.

text: Cast

text:
Guys

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Asaf Goren
25
Tel Aviv, Israel

Cam Bruckman
22
Fort Collins, Colorado

Cameron Kolbo
25
Hattiesburg, Mississippi

Giovanni Rivera
23
Bridgeport, Connecticut

John Humphrey
23
Norfolk, Nebraska

Morgan St. Pierre
24
Manhattan, New York

Prosper Muna
24
Albany, New York

Sam Handler
22
Barrington, Illinois

Stephen McHugh
24
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

Tyler Norman
26
San Diego, California

Girls

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Alyssa Ortiz
22
Elgin, Illinois

Camille Satterwhite
23
Wheatley Heights, New York

Emma Sweigard
22
Parker, Colorado

Francesca Duncan
22
Manhattan, New York

Julia Rose
22
New Orleans, Louisiana

Kaylen Zahara
22
Compton, California

Mikala Thomas
22
Ocean City, New Jersey

Nicole Brown
22
Denver, Colorado

Tori Deal
23
Astoria, New York

Victoria Wyatt
22
Chino Hills, California

text: Progress

text:
Guys
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9/10

Asaf
Francesca
Camille
Camille
Camille
Camille
Camille
Francesca
Camille
Tori
Kaylen

Cam
Victoria
Julia
Nicole
Emma
Emma
Victoria
Nicole
Tori
Nicole
Julia

Cameron
Mikala
Mikala
Mikala
Mikala
Mikala
Mikala
Mikala
Mikala
Mikala
Mikala

Giovanni
Kaylen
Kaylen
Kaylen
Kaylen
Francesca
Francesca
Emma
Nicole
Francesca
Francesca

John
Emma
Nicole
Victoria
Victoria
Tori
Emma
Kaylen
Kaylen
Victoria
Victoria

Morgan
Julia
Alyssa
Francesca
Tori
Julia
Tori
Tori
Victoria
Julia
Tori

Prosper
Camille
Emma
Emma
Nicole
Victoria
Kaylen
Victoria
Francesca
Emma
Emma

Sam
Alyssa
Francesca
Alyssa
Alyssa
Alyssa
Alyssa
Alyssa
Alyssa
Alyssa
Alyssa

Stephen
Nicole
Tori
Tori
Julia
Nicole
Julia
Julia
Julia
Kaylen
Nicole

Tyler
Tori
Victoria
Julia
Francesca
Kaylen
Nicole
Camille
Emma
Camille
Camille

Correct Matches
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
2
6
10

text:
Girls
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9/10

Alyssa
Sam
Morgan
Sam
Sam
Sam
Sam
Sam
Sam
Sam
Sam

Camille
Prosper
Asaf
Asaf
Asaf
Asaf
Asaf
Tyler
Asaf
Tyler
Tyler

Emma
John
Prosper
Prosper
Cam
Cam
John
Giovanni
Tyler
Prosper
Prosper

Francesca
Asaf
Sam
Morgan
Tyler
Giovanni
Giovanni
Asaf
Prosper
Giovanni
Giovanni

Julia
Morgan
Cam
Tyler
Stephen
Morgan
Stephen
Stephen
Stephen
Morgan
Cam

Kaylen
Giovanni
Giovanni
Giovanni
Giovanni
Tyler
Prosper
John
John
Stephen
Asaf

Mikala
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron
Cameron

Nicole
Stephen
John
Cam
Prosper
Stephen
Tyler
Cam
Giovanni
Cam
Stephen

Tori
Tyler
Stephen
Stephen
Morgan
John
Morgan
Morgan
Cam
Asaf
Morgan

Victoria
Cam
Tyler
John
John
Prosper
Cam
Prosper
Morgan
John
John

Correct Matches
3
3
4
4
4
4
4
2
6
10

text: Due to the blackout in Episode 8, the whole cast lost $250,000, lowering the total money at the end to $750,000, instead of $1,000,000.

text: Truth Booths

text:
Couple
Episode
Result

Prosper & Tori
1
Not A Match

John & Julia
2
Not A Match

Cameron & Mikala
3
Perfect Match

Asaf & Tori
4
Not A Match

Giovanni & Kaylen
5
Not A Match

Sam & Alyssa
6
Perfect Match

Cam & Victoria
7
Not A Match

Giovanni & Julia
8
Not A Match

Prosper & Emma
9/10
Perfect Match

Cam & Julia
9/10
Perfect Match

text: After Filming

text:
Guy
Girl
Current Status

Asaf
Francesca
Friends

Asaf
Kaylen
Friends

Cam
Julia
Not Together

Cam
Victoria
Not Together

Cameron
Mikala
Not Together

Giovanni
Francesca
Friends

Giovanni
Kaylen
Not Together

John
Victoria
Not Together

Morgan
Tori
Friends

Prosper
Emma
Not Together

Sam
Alyssa
Not Together

Stephen
Julia
Together

Stephen
Nicole
Not Together

Tyler
Camille
Friends

text: Asaf Goren & Kaylen Zahara, Cameron Kolbo & Mikala Thomas, Giovanni Rivera & Francesca Duncan and Morgan St. Pierre & Tori Deal returned for the Are You The One?: Second Chances. Rivera and Duncan finished in 8th place after Duncan stole all of the money from Rivera. Goren and Zahara finished in 6th place. Kolbo & Thomas finished in 4th place. St. Pierre and Deal finished in 2nd place earning themselves $25,000.

text: The Challenge

text:
Cast member
Challenge Season
Challenges won
Total Money Earned

Tori Deal

XXX: Dirty 30

None

$15,000

text: Season 5 – Cabarete, Dominican Republic

text: Filmed in Cabarete, Dominican Republic.

text: Season five premiered on January 11 2017.[12]

text: This season featured 2 big changes. When a couple gets sent into the truth booth to see if they are a perfect match, the rest of the house can either vote to see if they are a perfect match, or earn $150,000, and not see the result of the couple. This only will pertain to certain weeks. Also, if the house blacks out at a match-up ceremony, their money will decrease by 50% each time instead of $250,000.

text: Cast

text:
Guys

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Andre Siemers
22
Burnsville, Minnesota

Derrick Henry
23
Charleston, South Carolina

Edward Williams
21
Bridgeton, New Jersey

Hayden Weaver
23
Anderson, Indiana

Jaylan Adlam
23
Atlanta, Georgia

Joey Amoia
23
Buffalo, New York

Michael Halpern
24
Tamarac, Florida

Mike Cerasani
25
Staten Island, New York

Osvaldo Romero
22
Chicago, Illinois

Ozzy Morales
24
San José, Costa Rica

Tyler O'Brien
22
Boca Raton, Florida

Girls

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Alicia Wright
23
Howell, New Jersey

Carolina Duarte
21
Sammamish, Washington

Casandra Martinez
22
Seabrook, Texas

Gianna Hammer
21
Doylestown, Ohio

Hannah Fugazzi
22
Brentwood, California

Kam Williams
21
Pennsauken, New Jersey

Kari Kowalski
22
New York, New York

Kathryn Palmer
22
Tallahassee, Florida

Shannon Duffy
22
Valencia, California

Taylor Selfridge
22
Yacolt, Washington

Tyranny Todd
22
Augusta, Georgia

text: Progress

text:
Guys
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Andre
Alicia
Hannah
Kari
Casandra
Taylor
Taylor
Casandra
Gianna
Kathryn
Kathryn

Derrick
Kathryn
Alicia
Hannah
Gianna
Tyranny
Tyranny
Kari
Shannon
Casandra
Shannon (Casandra)

Edward
Kam
Shannon
Kam
Alicia
Kam
Kam
Kam
Kam
Kam
Kam

Hayden
Shannon
Taylor
Carolina
Carolina
Carolina
Carolina
Carolina
Carolina
Carolina
Carolina

Jaylan
Casandra
Kam
Casandra
Tyranny
Casandra
Hannah
Tyranny
Tyranny
Tyranny
Tyranny

Joey
Carolina
Carolina
Kathryn
Kathryn
Kathryn
Kathryn
Kathryn
Casandra
Hannah
Hannah (Shannon)

Michael
Hannah
Gianna
Taylor
Kari
Kari
Kari
Hannah
Kathryn
Kari
Kari

Mike
Kari
Casandra
Alicia
Kam
Alicia
Alicia
Gianna
Kari
Alicia
Alicia

Osvaldo
Tyranny
Kari
Tyranny
Taylor
Gianna
Gianna
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor
Taylor

Ozzy
Gianna
Kathryn
Gianna
Hannah
Hannah
Casandra
Alicia
Alicia
Gianna
Gianna

Tyler
Taylor
Tyranny
Shannon
Shannon
Shannon
Shannon
Shannon
Hannah
Shannon
Casandra (Hannah)

Correct Matches
2
0
4
4
4
4
4
5
9
8

text:
Girls
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Alicia
Andre
Derrick
Mike
Edward
Mike
Mike
Ozzy
Ozzy
Mike
Mike

Carolina
Joey
Joey
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden
Hayden

Casandra
Jaylan
Mike
Jaylan
Andre
Jaylan
Ozzy
Andre
Joey
Derrick
Tyler (Derrick)

Gianna
Ozzy
Michael
Ozzy
Derrick
Osvaldo
Osvaldo
Mike
Andre
Ozzy
Ozzy

Hannah
Michael
Andre
Derrick
Ozzy
Ozzy
Jaylan
Michael
Tyler
Joey
Joey (Tyler)

Kam
Edward
Jaylan
Edward
Mike
Edward
Edward
Edward
Edward
Edward
Edward

Kari
Mike
Osvaldo
Andre
Michael
Michael
Michael
Derrick
Mike
Michael
Michael

Kathryn
Derrick
Ozzy
Joey
Joey
Joey
Joey
Joey
Michael
Andre
Andre

Shannon
Hayden
Edward
Tyler
Tyler
Tyler
Tyler
Tyler
Derrick
Tyler
Derrick (Joey)

Taylor
Tyler
Hayden
Michael
Osvaldo
Andre
Andre
Osvaldo
Osvaldo
Osvaldo
Osvaldo

Tyranny
Osvaldo
Tyler
Osvaldo
Jaylan
Derrick
Derrick
Jaylan
Jaylan
Jaylan
Jaylan

Correct Matches’’
2
0
4
4
4
4
4
5
9
8

text: Name  Confirmed Perfect Match  Name  Unconfirmed Perfect Match  Name  Confirmed Not A Match for the whole season. Correct Matching is in parentheses.

text: Due to the blackout in Episode 2, the whole cast lost $500,000, lowering the total money at the end to $500,000 instead of $1,000,000.

text: In Episode 9, the cast decided to take the trade offer instead of finding out if Derrick and Tyranny were a perfect match, which increased the total money at stake to $650,000

text: In Episode 10, the cast decided to take the trade offer instead of finding out if Joey and Casandra were a perfect match, which increased the total money at stake to $800,000

text: In Episode 10, the cast did not find all their perfect matches, winning no money at the end.

text: After the reunion, final Perfect Matches were revealed as the following:

text:
Guy
Girl

Andre
Kathryn

Derrick
Casandra

Edward
Kam

Hayden
Carolina

Jaylan
Tyranny

Joey
Shannon

Michael
Kari

Mike
Alicia

Osvaldo
Taylor

Ozzy
Gianna

Tyler
Hannah

text: Truth Booths

text:
Couple
Episode
Result

Hayden & Gianna
1
Not A Match

Andre & Alicia
2
Not A Match

Ozzy & Carolina
3
Not A Match

Osvaldo & Tyranny
4
Not A Match

Edward & Kam
5
Perfect Match

Ozzy & Hannah
6
Not A Match

Andre & Taylor
7
Not A Match

Hayden & Carolina
8
Perfect Match

Derrick & Tyranny
9
Truth Booth Trade

Joey & Casandra
10
Truth Booth Trade

text: Note: In Episode 9, the cast decided to take the $150,000 trade instead of finding out if Derrick and Tyranny were a match. The result of their match is unavailable.

text: Note: In Episode 10, the cast decided to take the $150,000 trade instead of finding out if Joey and Casandra were a match. The result of their match is unavailable.

text: After Filming

text:
Guy
Girl
Current Status

Andre
Kathryn
Not together

Andre
Taylor
Not together

Derrick
Casandra
Friends

Edward
Alicia
Not together

Edward
Kam
Not together

Hayden
Carolina
Not Together

Hayden
Gianna
Together

Jaylan
Tyranny
Friends

Joey
Shannon
Friends

Michael
Kari
Friends

Mike
Casandra
Not Together

Mike
Alicia
Not Together

Osvaldo
Taylor
Friends

Osvaldo
Tyranny
Friends

Ozzy
Gianna
Friends

Ozzy
Hannah
Not Together

Ozzy
Carolina
Friends

Tyler
Hannah
Friends

Tyler
Shannon
Not Together

text: Derrick Henry & Casandra Martinez, Hayden Weaver & Carolina Duarte and Mike Cerasani & Alicia Wright returned for the Are You The One?: Second Chances. Henry and Martinez finished in 10th place. Weaver and Duarte finished in 7th place after Weaver stole all of the money from Duarte. Cerasani and Wright finished in 5th Place.

text: The Challenge

text:
Cast member
Challenge Season [13]
Challenges won
Total Money Earned

Alicia Wright

Vendettas

None

$0

Derrick Henry

XXX: Dirty 30

None

$0

Edward Williams

Vendettas

None

$0

Kam Williams

Vendettas

None

$0

text: Season 6 – New Orleans, Louisiana

text: Filmed in New Orleans, Louisiana. The new host is Terrence J.

text: Season six premiered on September 20th, 2017.[14]

text: Cast

text:
Guys

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Anthony Martin
22
Inglewood, California

Clinton Moxam
22
Palm Bay, Florida

David Shad
24
San Diego, California

Dimitri Valentin
26
Playa del Rey, California

Ethan Cohen
27
Sonoma, California

Joe Torgerson
23
Portland, Oregon

Kareem Fathalla
23
Avenel, New Jersey

Keith Klebacher
24
Manchester, New Jersey

Malcolm Drummer
25
West Palm Beach, Florida

Michael Johnson
21
Knoxville, Tennessee

Tyler Colon
21
Los Angeles, California

Girls

Cast Member
Age
Hometown

Alexis Eddy
21
Mannington, West Virginia

Alivia Hunter
21
Charleston, South Carolina

Audrey Diaz
23
Middletown, New York

Diandra Delgado
21
Teaneck, New Jersey

Geles Rodriguez
23
Los Fresnos, Texas

Jada Allen
21
Union, New Jersey

Keyana Land
23
Boyertown, Pennsylvania

Nicole Spiller
21
Medway, Massachusetts

Nurys Mateo
22
Portland, Maine

Uche Nwosu
23
Grand Rapids, Michigan

Zoe Pugh
22
Scranton, Pennsylvania

text: Progress

text:
Guys
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Anthony
Geles
Diandra
Jada
Keyana
Nicole
Keyana
Keyana
Alivia
Uche
Alexis

Clinton
Uche
Uche
Uche
Uche
Jada
Geles
Geles
Geles
Geles
Geles

Dimitri
Diandra
Nicole
Nurys
Alexis
Uche
Diandra
Diandra
Diandra
Audrey
Nurys

Ethan
Jada
Jada
Alexis
Nicole
Geles
Jada
Zoe
Alexis
Nurys
Zoe

Joe
Zoe
Audrey
Zoe
Zoe
Zoe
Alexis
Uche
Jada
Zoe
Uche

Kareem
Alivia
Alivia
Alivia
Diandra
Alivia
Nurys
Nurys
Nurys
Diandra
Diandra

Keith
Alexis
Alexis
Diandra
Nurys
Alexis
Zoe
Jada
Audrey
Jada
Jada

Malcolm
Nurys
Nurys
Geles
Alivia
Diandra
Alivia
Alexis
Uche
Alexis
Alivia

Michael
Keyana
Keyana
Audrey
Geles
Nurys
Uche
Audrey
Keyana
Keyana
Keyana

Shad
Audrey
Geles
Keyana
Audrey
Audrey
Audrey
Alivia
Zoe
Alivia
Audrey

Tyler
Nicole
Zoe
Nicole
Jada
Keyana
Nicole
Nicole
Nicole
Nicole
Nicole

Correct Matches
3
1
2
3
1
4
5
3
5
11

text:
Girls
Week

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Alexis
Keith
Keith
Ethan
Dimitri
Keith
Joe
Malcolm
Ethan
Malcolm
Anthony

Alivia
Kareem
Kareem
Kareem
Malcolm
Kareem
Malcolm
Shad
Anthony
Shad
Malcolm

Audrey
Shad
Joe
Michael
Shad
Shad
Shad
Michael
Keith
Dimitri
Shad

Diandra
Dimitri
Anthony
Keith
Kareem
Malcolm
Dimitri
Dimitri
Dimitri
Kareem
Kareem

Geles
Anthony
Shad
Malcolm
Michael
Ethan
Clinton
Clinton
Clinton
Clinton
Clinton

Jada
Ethan
Ethan
Anthony
Tyler
Clinton
Ethan
Keith
Joe
Keith
Keith

Keyana
Michael
Michael
Shad
Anthony
Tyler
Anthony
Anthony
Michael
Michael
Michael

Nicole
Tyler
Dimitri
Tyler
Ethan
Anthony
Tyler
Tyler
Tyler
Tyler
Tyler

Nurys
Malcolm
Malcolm
Dimitri
Keith
Michael
Kareem
Kareem
Kareem
Ethan
Dimitri

Uche
Clinton
Clinton
Clinton
Clinton
Dimitri
Michael
Joe
Malcolm
Anthony
Joe

Zoe
Joe
Tyler
Joe
Joe
Joe
Keith
Ethan
Shad
Joe
Ethan

Correct Matches
3
1
2
3
1
4
5
3
5
11

text: Name  = Confirmed perfect match  Name  = Unconfirmed perfect match

text: Truth Booths

text:
Couple
Week
Result

Ethan & Keyana
1
Not A Match

Anthony & Geles
2
Not A Match

Malcolm & Nurys
3
Not A Match

Dimitri & Nicole
4
Not A Match

Clinton & Uche
5
Not A Match

Keith & Alexis
6
Not A Match

Keith & Alivia
7
Not A Match

Michael & Audrey
8
Not A Match

Tyler & Nicole
9
Perfect Match

Dimitri & Jada
10
Not A Match

text: After Filming

text:
Guy
Girl
Current Status

Anthony
Alexis
Not Together

Anthony
Geles
Not Together

Clinton
Geles
Not Together

Clinton
Uche

Dimitri
Nicole

Dimitri
Nurys
Not Together

Ethan
Zoe
Friends

Joe
Uche
Not Together

Kareem
Alivia

Kareem
Diandra

Keith
Alexis
Not Together

Keith
Jada
Friends

Malcolm
Alivia
Not Together

Malcolm
Diandra
Not Together

Malcolm
Nurys
Not Together

Michael
Audrey
Not Together

Michael
Keyana
Friends

Shad
Audrey
Friends

Tyler
Nicole

text: Spinoffs

text: Second Chances

text: Filmed in Melbourne, Australia. Hosted by Karamo Brown. Premiered March 22, 2017.

text: Cast

text:
Male Contestant
Female Contestant
Original Season
Finish

Devin Walker-Molaghan
Rashida Beach
AYTO? 3
Winners

Morgan St. Pierre
Tori Deal
AYTO? 4
Runners-Up

Adam Kuhn
Shanley McIntee
AYTO? 1
3rd Place

Cameron Kolbo
Mikala Thomas
AYTO? 4
4th Place

Mike Cerasani
Alicia Wright
AYTO? 5
5th Place

Asaf Goren
Kaylen Zahara
AYTO? 4
6th Place

Hayden Weaver
Carolina Duarte
AYTO? 5
7th Place

Giovanni "Gio" Rivera
Francesca Duncan
AYTO? 4
8th Place

Nathan "Nate" Siebenmark
Ellie Puckett
AYTO? 2
9th Place

Derrick Henry
Casandra Martinez
AYTO? 5
10th Place

text: Elimination progress

text:
Teams
Episodes

1
2
3
4[a]
5
6
7
8
9
10

Devin & Rashida
1st
6th
4th
N/A
1st
2nd
1st
2nd
1st
1st

Morgan & Tori
6th
3rd
1st
1st
2nd
4th
3rd
4th
2nd
2nd

Adam & Shanley
3rd
4th
2nd
N/A
4th
3rd
4th
1st
3rd
3rd

Cameron & Mikala
7th
5th
3rd
3rd
3rd
1st
2nd
3rd
4th

Mike & Alicia
9th
1st
6th
2nd
5th
5th
5th

Asaf & Kaylen
2nd
8th
8th
7th
6th

Hayden & Carolina
8th
2nd
5th
N/A

Giovanni & Francesca
5th
7th
7th

Nate & Ellie
4th
9th

Derrick & Casandra
10th

text: Bank Accounts

text:
Males
Episodes

1
2
3
4[a]
5
6
7
8
9
10

Devin
$40,000
$40,000
$40,000
$40,000
$60,000
$70,000
$90,000
$100,000
$120,000
$170,000

Morgan
$20,000
$25,000
$45,000
$65,000
$75,000
$75,000
$80,000
$40,000
$50,000
$25,000

Adam
$25,000
$25,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$40,000
$40,000
$60,000
$60,000
$0

Cameron
$20,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$55,000
$65,000
$65,000
$0

Mike
$20,000
$40,000
$40,000
$50,000
$50,000
$25,000
$0

Asaf
$30,000
$30,000
$15,000
$7,500
$0

Hayden
$20,000
$30,000
$30,000
$30,000

Giovanni
$20,000
$20,000
$0

Nate
$20,000
$0

Derrick
$0

text:
Females
Episodes

1
2
3
4[a]
5
6
7
8
9
10

Rashida
$40,000
$40,000
$40,000
$40,000
$60,000
$70,000
$90,000
$100,000
$120,000
$170,000

Tori
$20,000
$25,000
$45,000
$65,000
$75,000
$75,000
$80,000
$40,000
$50,000
$25,000

Shanley
$25,000
$25,000
$35,000
$35,000
$35,000
$40,000
$40,000
$60,000
$60,000
$0

Mikala
$20,000
$20,000
$25,000
$30,000
$35,000
$55,000
$65,000
$65,000
$0

Alicia
$20,000
$40,000
$40,000
$50,000
$50,000
$25,000
$0

Kaylen
$30,000
$30,000
$15,000
$7,500
$0

Carolina
$20,000
$30,000
$30,000
$0

Francesca
$20,000
$20,000
$20,000

Ellie
$20,000
$0

Casandra
$0

text: Notes

text: ^ Jump up to: a b c In Episode 4, only the top 3 teams and the last place team were revealed. Therefore, the 3 teams whose placement wasn't revealed didn't have a change in money.

text: Episodes

text: International versions

text:
Country
Name
Host(s)
Channel
Broadcast
Jackpot

 Brazil
Are You the One? Brasil
Felipe Titto
MTV (Brazil)
February 1, 2015
R$500,000

 Mexico
Are You the One? El Match Perfecto
Roberto Carlo
MTV Latin America
September 20, 2016
US$150,000

 France
10 couples parfaits
Elsa Fayer
NT1
July 3, 2017
€200,000


document_title: Saul

question_text: where is the story of saul found in the bible

text: Saul

text: Biblical account[edit]

text: The biblical accounts of Saul's life are found in the Books of Samuel.

text: House of King Saul[edit]

text: According to the Tanakh, Saul was the son of Kish, of the family of the Matrites, and a member of the tribe of Benjamin, one of the twelve Tribes of Israel. It appears that he came from Gibeah.[3]

text: Saul married Ahinoam, daughter of Ahimaaz. They had four sons and two daughters. The sons were Jonathan, Abinadab, Malchishua and Ish-bosheth. Their daughters were named Merab and Michal.[4] Saul also had a concubine named Rizpah, daughter of Aiah, who bore him two sons, Armoni and Mephibosheth. (2 Samuel 21:8).

text: Saul died at the Battle of Mount Gilboa (1 Samuel 31:3–6; 1 Chronicles 10:3–6), and was buried in Zelah, in the region of Benjamin. (2 Samuel 21:14) Three of Saul's sons – Jonathan, and Abinadab, and Malchishua – died with him at Mount Gilboa (1 Samuel 31:2; 1 Chronicles 10:2). Ish-bosheth became king of Israel, at the age of forty. At David's request Abner had Michal returned to David. Ish-bosheth reigned for two years, but after the death of Abner, was killed by two of his own captains. (2 Samuel 4:5).

text: Armoni and Mephibosheth (Saul's sons with his concubine, Rizpah) were given by David along with the five sons of Merab (Saul's daughter)[5] to the Gibeonites, who killed them. (2 Samuel 21:8–9) Michal was childless. (2 Samuel 6:23).

text: The only male descendant of Saul to survive was Mephibosheth, Jonathan's lame son, (2 Samuel 4:4) who had been five when his father and grandfather Saul had died in battle. In time, he came under the protection of David. (2 Samuel 9:7–13) Mephibosheth had a young son, Micah, (2 Samuel 9:12) who had four sons and descendants named until the ninth generation (1 Chronicles 8:35–38).

text: Anointed as king[edit]

text: The First Book of Samuel gives three accounts of Saul's rise to the throne in three successive chapters:

text:
Saul is sent with a servant to look for his father's strayed donkeys. Leaving his home at Gibeah, they eventually arrive at the district of Zuph, at which point Saul suggests abandoning their search. Saul's servant tells him that they happen to be near the town of Ramah, where a famous seer is located, and suggests that they should consult him first. The seer (later identified by the text as Samuel) offers hospitality to Saul and later anoints him in private (1 Samuel 9).[6]
A popular movement having arisen to establish a centralized monarchy like other nations, Samuel assembles the people at Mizpah in Benjamin to appoint a king. Samuel organises the people by tribe and by clan. Using the Urim and Thummim,[7] he selects the tribe of Benjamin, from within the tribe selecting the clan of Matri, and from them selecting Saul. After having been chosen as monarch, Saul returns to his home in Gibeah, along with a number of followers (1 Samuel 10:17-24).[8]
The Ammonites, led by Nahash, lay siege to Jabesh-Gilead. Under the terms of surrender, the occupants of the city are to be forced into slavery and have their right eyes removed. Instead they send word of this to the other tribes of Israel, and the tribes west of the Jordan assemble an army under Saul. Saul leads the army to victory over the Ammonites, and the people congregate at Gilgal where they acclaim Saul as king and he is crowned (1 Samuel 11).[6]

tag: ul

text: André Lemaire finds the third account probably the most reliable tradition.[9] The Pulpit Commentary distinguishes between a private and a public selection process.[10] It is possible that all three events occurred chronologically as 1 Samuel is written in chronological order.[11]

text: Saul among the prophets[edit]

text: Having been anointed by Samuel, Saul is told of signs indicating that he has been divinely appointed. The last of these is that Saul will be met by an ecstatic group of prophets leaving a high place and playing the lyre, tambourine, and flutes. Saul encounters the ecstatic prophets and joins them.[8] Later, Saul sends men to pursue David, but when they meet a group of ecstatic prophets playing music, they become possessed by a prophetic state and join in. Saul sends more men, but they too join the prophets. Eventually Saul himself goes, and also joins the prophets. (1 Samuel 19:24).

text: Military victories[edit]

text: After relieving the siege of Jabesh-Gilead, Saul conducts military campaigns against the Moabites, Ammonites, Edomites, Aram Rehob and the kings of Zobah, the Philistines, and the Amalekites (1 Samuel 14:47).[3] A biblical summary states that "wherever he turned, he was victorious".[12]

text: In his continuing battles with Philistines, Saul instructs his armies, by a rash oath, to fast. Methodist commentator Joseph Benson suggests that "Saul’s intention in putting this oath was undoubtedly to save time, lest the Philistines should gain ground of them in their flight. But the event showed it was a false policy; for the people were so faint and weak for want of food, that they were less able to follow and slay the Philistines than if they had stopped to take a moderate refreshment".[13] Jonathan's party were not aware of the oath and ate honey, resulting in Jonathan realising that he had broken an oath of which he was not aware, but was nevertheless liable for its breach, until popular intervention allowed Jonathan to be saved from death on account of his victory over the Philistines.[14]

text: Rejection[edit]

text: Saul planned a military action against the Philistines. Samuel said that he would arrive in seven days to perform the requisite rites. When a week passed with no word of Samuel, and with the Israelites growing restless, Saul prepares for battle by offering sacrifices. Samuel arrives just as Saul is finishing sacrificing and reprimands Saul for not obeying his instructions.

text: Later Samuel instructs Saul to make war on the Amalekites and to "utterly destroy" them,[15] in fulfilment of a mandate set out Deuteronomy 25:19:

text: Having forewarned the Kenites who were living among the Amalekites to leave, Saul goes to war and defeats the Amalekites. Saul kills all the men, women, children and poor quality livestock, but leaves alive the king and best livestock. When Samuel learns that Saul has not obeyed his instructions in full, he informs Saul that God has rejected him as king due to his disobedience. As Samuel turns to go, Saul seizes hold of his garments and tears off a piece; Samuel prophecies that the kingdom will likewise be torn from Saul. Samuel then kills the Amalekite king himself. Samuel and Saul each return home and never meet again after these events (1 Samuel 15:33-35).

text: Saul and David[edit]

text: After Samuel tells Saul that God has rejected him as king, David, a son of Jesse, from the tribe of Judah, enters the story: from this point on Saul's story is largely the account of his increasingly troubled relationship with David.

text:
Samuel heads to Bethlehem, ostensibly to offer sacrifice and invited Jesse and his sons. Dining together, Jesse's sons are brought one by one to Samuel, each being rejected; at last, Jesse sends for David, the youngest, who is tending sheep. When brought to Samuel, David is anointed by him in front of his other brothers.
In 1 Samuel 16:14–23, Saul is troubled by a mental disorder described as an evil spirit sent by God.[16] He requests soothing music, and a servant recommends David the son of Jesse, who is renowned for his skills as a harpist and other talents:

text: (1 Samuel 17:1–18:5) The Philistines return with an army to attack Israel, and the Philistine and Israelite forces gather on opposite sides of a valley. The Philistine's champion Goliath issues a challenge for single combat, but none of the Israelite accept. David is described as a young shepherd who happens to be delivering food to his three eldest brothers in the army, and he hears Goliath's challenge. David speaks mockingly of the Philistines to some soldiers; his speech is overheard and reported to Saul, who summons David and appoints David as his champion. David easily defeats Goliath with a single shot from a sling. At the end of the passage, Saul asks his general, Abner, who David is.

text: Saul offered his elder daughter Merab as a wife to the now popular David, after his victory over Goliath, but David demurred. David distinguishes himself in the Philistine wars. Upon David's return from battle, the women praise him in song:

text: implying that David is the greater warrior. Saul fears David's growing popularity and henceforth views him as a rival to the throne.

text: Saul's son Jonathan and David become close friends. Jonathan recognizes David as the rightful king, and "made a covenant with David, because he loved him as his own soul."[19] Jonathan even gives David his military clothes, symbolizing David's position as successor to Saul.

text: On two occasions, Saul threw a spear at David as he played the harp for Saul. David becomes increasingly successful and Saul becomes increasingly resentful. Now Saul actively plots against David. Saul offered his other daughter, Michal in marriage to David. David initially rejects this offer also, claiming he is too poor. Saul offers to accept a bride price of 100 Philistine foreskins, intending that David die in the attempt. Instead, David obtains 200 foreskins and is consequently married to Michal. Jonathan arranges a short-lived reconciliation between Saul and David and for a while David served Saul "as in times past" (1 Samuel 19:1-7) until "the distressing spirit from the Lord" re-appeared. Saul sends assassins in the night, but Michal helps him escape, tricking them by placing a household idol in his bed. David flees to Jonathan, who arranges a meeting with his father. While dining with Saul, Jonathan explains David's absence, saying he has been called away to his brothers. But Saul sees through the ruse and reprimands Jonathan for protecting David, warning him that his love of David will cost him the kingdom, furiously throwing a spear at him. The next day, Jonathan meets with David and tells him Saul's intent. The two friends say their goodbyes, and David flees into the countryside. Saul later marries Michal to another man.

text: Saul is later informed by his head shepherd, Doeg the Edomite, that high priest Ahimelech assisted David, giving him the sword of Goliath, which had been kept at the temple at Nob. Doeg kills Ahimelech and eighty-five other priests and Saul orders the death of the entire population of Nob.

text: David had left Nob by this point and had amassed some 300 disaffected men including some outlaws. With these men David rescues the town of Keilah from a Philistine attack. Saul realises he could trap David and his men by laying the city to siege. David realizes that the citizens of Keilah will betray him to Saul. He flees to Ziph pursued by Saul. Saul hunts David in the vicinity of Ziph on two occasions:

text:
Some of the inhabitants of Ziph betray David's location to Saul, but David hears about it and flees with his men to Maon. Saul follows David, but is forced to break off pursuit when the Philistines invade. After dealing with that threat Saul tracks David to the caves at Engedi. As he searches the cave David manages to cut off a piece of Saul's robe without being discovered, yet David restrains his men from harming the king. David then leaves the cave, revealing himself to Saul, and gives a speech that persuades Saul to reconcile.
On the second occasion, Saul returns to Ziph with his men. When David hears of this, he slips into Saul's camp by night, and again restrains his men from killing the king; instead he steals Saul's spear and water jug, leaving his own spear thrust into the ground by Saul's side. The next day, David reveals himself to Saul, showing the jug and spear as proof that he could have slain him. David then persuades Saul to reconcile with him; the two swear never to harm each other. After this they never see each other again.

text: Battle of Gilboa and the death of King Saul[edit]

text: The Philistines make war again, assembling at Shunem, and Saul leads his army to face them at Mount Gilboa. Before the battle he goes to consult a medium or witch at Endor. The medium, unaware of his identity, reminds him that the king has made witchcraft a capital offence, but he assures her that Saul will not harm her. She conjures the spirit of the prophet Samuel, who before his death had prophesied that he would lose the kingdom. Samuel tells him that God has fully rejected him, will no longer hear his prayers, has given the kingdom to David and that the next day he will lose both the battle and his life. Saul collapses in fear, and the medium restores him with food in anticipation of the next day's battle.

text: 1 Samuel and 2 Samuel give differing accounts of Saul's death. In 1 Samuel, and in a parallel account in 1 Chronicles 10, as the defeated Israelites flee, Saul asks his armour bearer to kill him, but he refuses, and so Saul falls upon his own sword. In 2 Samuel, an Amalekite tells David he found Saul leaning on his spear after the battle and delivered the coup de grâce. David has the Amalekite put to death for rejoicing in the death of the anointed king.

text: The victorious Philistines recover Saul's body as well as those of his three sons who also died in the battle, decapitated them and displayed them on the wall of Beth-shan. They display Saul's armour in the temple of Ashtaroth (an Ascalonian temple of the Canaanites). But at night the inhabitants of Jabesh-Gilead retrieve the bodies for cremation and burial.(1 Samuel 31:8–13, 1 Chronicles 10:12)). Later on, David takes the bones of Saul together and of his son Jonathan and buries them in Zela, in the tomb of his father (2 Samuel 21:12–14).[20]

text: The account in 1 Chronicles summarises by stating that:

text: Biblical criticism[edit]

text: There are several textual or narrative issues in the text, including the aforementioned differing accounts of Saul's rise to kingship and his death, as well as plays on words, that biblical scholars have discussed.

text: The birth-narrative of the prophet Samuel is found at 1 Samuel 1–28. It describes how Samuel's mother Hannah requests a son from Yahweh, and dedicates the child to God at the shrine of Shiloh. The passage makes extensive play with the root-elements of Saul's name, and ends with the phrase hu sa'ul le-Yahweh, "he is dedicated to Yahweh." Hannah names the resulting son Samuel, giving as her explanation, "because from God I requested him." Samuel's name, however, can mean "name of God," (or "Heard of God" or "Told of God") and the etymology and multiple references to the root of the name seems to fit Saul instead. The majority explanation for the discrepancy is that the narrative originally described the birth of Saul, and was given to Samuel in order to enhance the position of David and Samuel at the former king's expense.[22]

text: The Bible's tone with regard to Saul changes over the course of the narrative, especially around the passage where David appears, midway through 1 Samuel. Before, Saul is presented in positive terms, but afterward his mode of ecstatic prophecy is suddenly described as fits of madness, his errors and disobedience to Samuel's instructions are stressed and he becomes a paranoiac. This may indicate that the David story is inserted from a source loyal to the House of David; David's lament over Saul in 2 Samuel 1 then serves an apologetic purpose, clearing David of the blame for Saul's death.[23]

text: God's apparent change of mind in rejecting Saul as king has raised questions about God's "repentance", which could be considered as inconsistent with God's immutability. In the King James Version, God's word to Samuel states "It repenteth me that I have set up Saul to be king". Samuel's words later clarify that God's repentance is not like human regret or reconsideration:

text: Methodist biblical commentator Joseph Benson writes that "Repentance, properly speaking, implies grief of heart, and a change of counsels. Understood in which sense, it can have no place in God. But it is often ascribed to him in the Scriptures when he alters his method of dealing with persons, and treats them as if he did indeed repent of the kindness he had shown them."[25]

text: In the Books of Samuel, Saul is not referred to as a king (melech), but rather as a "leader" or "commander" (nagid) (1 Samuel 9:16; 1 Samuel 10:1).[26] However, Saul is also said to be made a "king" (melech) at Gilgal (1 Samuel 11:15).

text: Various authors have attempted to harmonize the two narratives regarding Saul's death. Josephus writes that Saul's attempted suicide was stalled because he was not able to run the sword through himself, and that he therefore asked the Amalekite to finish it.[27] Later biblical criticism has posited that the story of Saul's death was redacted from various sources, although this view in turn has been criticized because it does not explain why the contradiction was left in by the redactors.[27] But since 2 Samuel records only the Amalekite's report, and not the report of any other eye-witness, some scholars theorize that the Amalekite may have been lying to try to gain favor with David. On this view, 1 Samuel records what actually happened, while 2 Samuel records what the Amalekite claims happened.[28]

text: Classical rabbinical views[edit]

text: Two opposing views of Saul are found in classical rabbinical literature. One is based on the reverse logic that punishment is a proof of guilt, and therefore seeks to rob Saul of any halo which might surround him; typically this view is similar to the republican source. The passage referring to Saul as a choice young man, and goodly (1 Samuel 9:2) is in this view interpreted as meaning that Saul was not good in every respect, but goodly only with respect to his personal appearance (Num. Rashi 9:28). According to this view, Saul is only a weak branch (Gen. Rashi 25:3), owing his kingship not to his own merits, but rather to his grandfather, who had been accustomed to light the streets for those who went to the bet ha-midrash, and had received as his reward the promise that one of his grandsons should sit upon the throne (Lev. Rashi 9:2).

text: The second view of Saul makes him appear in the most favourable light as man, as hero, and as king. This view is similar to that of the monarchical source. In this view it was on account of his modesty that he did not reveal the fact that he had been anointed king (1 Samuel 10:16; Meg. 13b); and he was extraordinarily upright as well as perfectly just. Nor was there any one more pious than he (M. Q. 16b; Ex. Rashi 30:12); for when he ascended the throne he was as pure as a child, and had never committed sin (Yoma 22b). He was marvelously handsome; and the maidens who told him concerning Samuel (cf 1 Samuel 9:11–13) talked so long with him that they might observe his beauty the more (Ber. 48b). In war he was able to march 120 miles without rest. When he received the command to smite Amalek (1 Samuel 15:3), Saul said: For one found slain the Torah requires a sin offering [Deuteronomy 21:1–9]; and here so many shall be slain. If the old have sinned, why should the young suffer; and if men have been guilty, why should the cattle be destroyed? It was this mildness that cost him his crown. And while Saul was merciful to his enemies, he was strict with his own people; when he found out that Avimelech, a kohen, had assisted David with finding food, Saul, in retaliation, killed the rest of the 85 kohanim of the family of Avimelech and the rest of his hometown, Nov. (Yoma 22b; Num. Rashi 1:10) The fact that he was merciful even to his enemies, being indulgent to rebels themselves, and frequently waiving the homage due to him, was incredible as well as deceiving. But if his mercy toward a foe was a sin, it was his only one; and it was his misfortune that it was reckoned against him, while David, although he had committed much iniquity, was so favored that it was not remembered to his injury (Yoma 22b; M. Q. 16b, and Rashi ad loc.). In some respects Saul was superior to David, e.g., in having only one concubine {Rizpah}, while David had many. Saul expended his own substance for the war, and although he knew that he and his sons would fall in battle, he nevertheless went forward, while David heeded the wish of his soldiers not to go to war in person (2 Samuel 21:17; Lev. Rashi 26:7; Yalq., Sam. 138).

text: According to the Rabbis, Saul ate his food with due regard for the rules of ceremonial purity prescribed for the sacrifice (Yalq., l.c.), and taught the people how they should slay cattle (cf 1 Samuel 14:34). As a reward for this, God himself gave Saul a sword on the day of battle, since no other sword suitable for him was found (ibid 13:22). Saul's attitude toward David finds its excuse in the fact that his courtiers were all tale-bearers, and slandered David to him (Deut. Rashi 5:10); and in like manner he was incited by Doeg against the priests of Nob (1 Samuel 22:16–19; Yalq., Sam. 131)—this act was forgiven him, however, and a heavenly voice (bat qol) was heard, proclaiming: Saul is the chosen one of God (Ber. 12b). His anger at the Gibeonites (2 Samuel 21:2) was not personal hatred, but was induced by zeal for the welfare of Israel (Num. Rashi 8:4). The fact that he made his daughter remarry (1 Samuel 25:44), finds its explanation in his (Saul's) view that her betrothal to David had been gained by false pretenses, and was therefore invalid (Sanhedrin 19b). During the lifetime of Saul there was no idolatry in Israel. The famine in the reign of David (cf 2 Samuel 21:1) was to punish the people, because they had not accorded Saul the proper honours at his burial (Num. Rashi 8:4). In Sheol, Samuel reveals to Saul that in the next world, Saul would dwell with Samuel, which is a proof that all has been forgiven him by God ('Er. 53ba).

text: In Islam[edit]

text: Some Muslims refer to Saul as Tālūt (Arabic: طالوت), and believe that (as in the Bible) he was the commander of Israel. Other scholars, however, have identified Talut as Gideon[29] with the reasoning that the Qur'an references the same incident of the drinking from the river as that found in Judges 7:5–7 and other factors associated with Gideon. According to the Qur'an, Talut was chosen by the Prophet Samuel (not mentioned by name explicitly, but rather as "a Prophet" of the Israelites) after being asked by the people of Israel for a Malik (Arabic: مَـلِـك, King) to lead them into war. The Israelites criticized Samuel for appointing Talut, lacking respect for Talut because he was not wealthy. Samuel rebuked the people for this and told them that Talut was more favored than they were. Talut led the Israelites to victory over the army of Goliath, who was killed by Dawud (David). Talut is not considered a Nabi (Arabic: نَـبِي, Prophet), but a Divinely appointed King.[30]

text: Name[edit]

text: The name 'Tālūt' has uncertain etymology. Unlike some other Qur'anic figures, the Arabic name is not similar to the Hebrew name (Sha'ul). According to Muslim exegetes, the name 'Tālūt' means 'Tall' (from the Arabic "tūl") and refers to the extraordinary stature of Saul, which would be consistent with the Biblical account.[31] In explanation of the name, exegetes such as Tha'labi hold that at this time, the future King of Israel was to be recognised by his height; Samuel set up a measure, but no one in Israel reached its height except Tālūt (Saul).

text: Saul as the King of Israel[edit]

text: In the Qur'an, Israelites demanded a King after the time of Musa (Moses). God appointed Talut as their King. Saul was distinguished by the greatness of his knowledge and of his physique; it was a sign of his role as King that God brought back the Ark of the Covenant for Israel. Talut tested his people at a river; whoever drank from it would not follow him in battle excepting one who takes [from it] in the hollow of his hand. Many drank but only the faithful ventured on. In the battle, however, David slew Goliath and was made the subsequent King of Israel.[30]

text: The Qur'anic account[30] differs from the Biblical account (if Saul is assumed to be Talut) in that in the Bible the sacred Ark was returned to Israel before Saul's accession, and the test by drinking water is made in the Hebrew Bible not by Saul but by Gideon.[32]

text: Historicity[edit]

text: The historicity of Saul's kingdom is not universally accepted[1][33] and there is insufficient extrabiblical evidence to verify if the biblical account reflects historical reality.[34]:50ff The notion of a United Monarchy of Israel and Judah is believed by some scholars to be a later ideological construct; statehood in Judah is thought, on the basis of archaeological evidence, to have emerged no earlier than the 8th century BCE.[1]

text: Saul’s kingdom was not very large. It probably included Mt. Ephraim, Benjamin and Gilead. He also exerted some influence in the northern mountains in Judah and beyond the Jezreel Valley. His capital appears to have been basically a military camp near Gibeah. Archeology seems to confirm that until about 1000 BCE, the end of Iron Age I, Israelite society was essentially a society of farmers and stockbreeders without any truly centralized organization and administration.[9]

text: Psychological analyses[edit]

text: Accounts of Saul's behavior have made him a popular subject for speculation among modern psychiatrists. George Stein views the passages depicting Saul's ecstatic episodes as suggesting that Saul may have suffered from mania.[35] Martin Huisman sees the story of Saul as illustrative of the role of stress as a factor in depression.[36] Liubov Ben-Noun of Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, believes that passages referring to King Saul's disturbed behavior indicate he was afflicted by a mental disorder, and lists a number of possible conditions.[37] However, Christopher C. H. Cook of the Department of Theology and Religion, Durham University, UK recommends caution in offering any diagnoses in relation to people who lived millennia ago.[38]