document_title: Romeo + Juliet

question_text: who played mercutio in romeo and juliet 1996

text: Romeo + Juliet

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Verona Beach, the Capulets and the Montagues are arch-rivals.[6] The animosity of the older generation—Fulgencio and Gloria Capulet and Ted and Caroline Montague—is felt by their younger relatives. A gunfight between the Montague boys led by Benvolio, Romeo's cousin, and the Capulet boys led by Tybalt, Juliet's cousin, creates chaos in the city. The Chief of Police, Captain Prince, reprimands the families, warning them that if such behavior continues, their lives "shall pay the forfeit of the peace".

text: Benvolio meets Romeo on a beach. While playing a game of pool they learn of a party being held by the Capulets that evening which they decide to gate-crash. Romeo agrees to come after discovering that Rosaline, with whom he is in love, is attending. Later, the Montague boys meet their friend, Mercutio, who has tickets to the party. Romeo takes ecstasy Mercutio gave him and they proceed to the Capulet mansion. The effects of the drug and the party overwhelm Romeo, who goes to the restroom. While admiring an aquarium, he sees Juliet on the other side, and the two instantly fall in love. Tybalt spots Romeo and vows to kill him for invading his family's home, but Fulgencio stops him.

text: Romeo and Juliet sneak into an elevator and kiss. The nurse spots them when the doors open and drags Juliet away, telling her that Romeo is a Montague. At the same time, Romeo realizes that Juliet is a Capulet. Mercutio takes Romeo from the party, but he sneaks back to the mansion, hiding under Juliet’s balcony. Juliet emerges into the courtyard and proclaims her love for Romeo before he sneaks up behind her. Juliet warns him that he is risking his life, but Romeo tells her he doesn't care whether he is caught. Knowing her nurse is looking for her, Juliet tells him that, if he sends word by the following day, they will be betrothed. The next day, Romeo visits Father Laurence, telling him he wants to marry Juliet. He agrees to marry the pair in hopes that their marriage will end the violence between the families. Romeo passes the word on to Juliet’s nurse and the lovers are married.

text: Tybalt encounters Mercutio at the beach just as Romeo arrives. Romeo attempts to make peace, but Tybalt assaults him. Mercutio intervenes and batters Tybalt, and is about to finish him off when Romeo stops him. Tybalt then slashes Mercutio with a shard of glass in his stomach. Mercutio curses both the Montagues and the Capulets before dying in Romeo's arms. Enraged, Romeo chases after a fleeing Tybalt and guns him down.

text: Captain Prince banishes Romeo from the city. Romeo goes into hiding with Father Laurence, who treats his injuries and says that, after some time passes, he will help Romeo and Juliet return to the city and reconcile with their family and friends. The nurse arrives and tells Romeo that Juliet is waiting for him. When Romeo climbs over Juliet's balcony, she kisses him and they consummate their marriage. Meanwhile, Fulgencio decides Juliet will marry Dave Paris, the governor's son.

text: The next morning, Romeo narrowly escapes the Capulet mansion as Gloria tells Juliet that the family has promised she will marry Paris. She refuses, and Fulgencio threatens to disown her. Her mother and nurse insist it would be in her best interest to marry Paris. To get out of this, Juliet runs away and seeks out Father Laurence, imploring him to help her and threatening to commit suicide. Father Laurence proposes she fake her own death and be put in the Capulet vault to awaken 24 hours later. Romeo will be told of the plot, sneak into the vault, and once reunited the two can escape to Mantua. He gives her a potion which mimics death. After saying goodnight to her mother, Juliet drinks the potion and slips into a coma. She is found in the morning, declared dead, and placed in the vault. Balthasar, one of Romeo's cousins, learns that Juliet is dead and tells Romeo, who is not home when the messenger arrives with a letter from Father Laurence.

text: Romeo returns to Verona and buys a vial of poison. As he goes to the church, Captain Prince finds out he is back, and tries to capture him, without success. Father Laurence learns that Romeo never got his letter and has no idea Juliet is alive. Romeo enters the church where Juliet lies and bids her goodbye. She awakens just as Romeo takes the poison; the two thus see each other and share a final kiss before he dies. A distraught Juliet picks up Romeo's gun and shoots herself in the head, dying instantly. The two lovers are soon discovered in each other's arms. Prince condemns both families, whose feuding led to such tragedy, while coroners quickly transport the two bodies to the morgue.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
The House of Montague

Brian Dennehy as Ted Montague, Romeo's father[7]
Christina Pickles as Caroline Montague, Romeo's mother
Leonardo DiCaprio as Romeo Montague
Dash Mihok as Benvolio Montague, Romeo's cousin
Jesse Bradford as Balthasar Montague, Romeo's cousin
Zak Orth as Gregory Montague, Romeo's cousin
Jamie Kennedy as Sampson Montague, Romeo's cousin

The House of Capulet

Paul Sorvino as Fulgencio Capulet, Juliet's father
Diane Venora as Gloria Capulet, Juliet's mother
Claire Danes as Juliet Capulet/Juliet Capulet-Montague
John Leguizamo as Tybalt Capulet, Juliet's cousin
Vincent Laresca as Abra Capulet, Juliet's cousin
Carlos Martín Manzo Otálora as Petruchio Capulet, Juliet's cousin
Miriam Margolyes as Nurse, Juliet's nanny

Others

Harold Perrineau as Mercutio, Romeo's best friend
Pete Postlethwaite as Father Laurence, the priest who marries Romeo and Juliet
Paul Rudd as Dave Paris, the governor's son and Juliet's fiance
Vondie Curtis-Hall as Captain Prince, the chief of police
M. Emmet Walsh as Apothecary
Quindon Tarver as Choir Boy, the singer at Romeo and Juliet's wedding
Edwina Moore as the Anchorwoman, who assumes the role of the Chorus

text: Natalie Portman had been cast as Juliet but, during rehearsals, it was felt that the footage looked as though DiCaprio was "molesting" her.[8] Baz Luhrmann has also stated that Portman was too young at the time, and made DiCaprio look older than intended. He was 21 at the time of filming and Portman was only 14.[original research?]

text: After Sarah Michelle Gellar turned down the role due to scheduling conflicts, DiCaprio proclaimed that Danes should be cast, as he felt she was genuine in her line delivery and did not try to impress him by acting flirtatious.[9]

text: Production[edit]

text: After the success of Strictly Ballroom, Luhrmann took some time over deciding what his next project would be:

text: Our philosophy has always been that we think up what we need in our life, choose something creative that will make that life fulfilling, and then follow that road. With Romeo and Juliet what I wanted to do was to look at the way in which Shakespeare might make a movie of one of his plays if he was a director. How would he make it? We don't know a lot about Shakespeare, but we do know he would make a 'movie' movie. He was a player. We know about the Elizabethan stage and that he was playing for 3000 drunken punters, from the street sweeper to the Queen of England - and his competition was bear-baiting and prostitution. So he was a relentless entertainer and a user of incredible devices and theatrical tricks to ultimately create something of meaning and convey a story. That was what we wanted to do.[10]

text: Luhrmann obtained some funds from Fox to do a workshop and shoot some teaser footage in Sydney. Leonardo DiCaprio agreed to pay his own expenses to fly to Sydney and be part of it. Once Fox saw footage of the fight scene, they agreed to support it.[10]

text: All of the development was done in Australia, with pre-production in Australia and Canada and post-production in Australia. While some parts of the film were shot in Miami, most of the film was shot in Mexico City and Boca del Rio, Veracruz. For instance, the Capulet mansion was set at Chapultepec Castle while the ballroom was built on Stage One of Churubusco Studios; and the church is Immaculate Heart of Mary in the Del Valle neighborhood.[11]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film premiered on November 1, 1996 in the United States and Canada, in 1,276 theaters, and grossed $11.1 million its opening weekend, ranking #1 at the box office. It went on to gross $46.3 million in the United States and Canada,[12] with a worldwide total of USD$147,554,998.[2]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes rated the film "Fresh", with 72% of 53 critics giving positive reviews with an average rating of 6.5/10 with the consensus that says, "Baz Luhrmann's visual aesthetic is as divisive as it is fresh and inventive".[13] James Berardinelli gave the film 3 out of 4 stars and wrote, "Ultimately, no matter how many innovative and unconventional flourishes it applies, the success of any adaptation of a Shakespeare play is determined by two factors: the competence of the director and the ability of the main cast members. Luhrmann, Danes, and DiCaprio place this Romeo and Juliet in capable hands."[14]

text: Leonardo DiCaprio won Favorite Actor and Claire Danes won Favorite Actress in a Romance at the 1997 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards.[4] At the 1997 MTV Movie Awards, Danes won Best Female Performance. DiCaprio was nominated for Best Male Performance, and DiCaprio and Danes were both nominated for Best Kiss and Best On-Screen Duo.[4] At the 51st BAFTA Film Awards, director Baz Luhrmann won Best Direction, Luhrmann and Mary Haile won the Best Adapted Screenplay, Nellee Hooper won the Best Film Music, and Catherine Martin won the Best Production Design. The film was also nominated for Best Cinematography, Best Editing, and Best Sound.[4]

text: The film won several awards.[4] At the 47th Berlin International Film Festival in 1997, DiCaprio won the Silver Bear for Best Actor and Luhrmann won the Alfred Bauer Prize.[3] Luhrmann was also nominated for the Golden Bear Award for Best Picture.[4] At the 69th Academy Awards, Catherine Martin and Brigitte Broch were nominated for Best Art Direction/Set Decoration.[4]

text: Conversely, Roger Ebert gave the film a mixed review of only 2 stars out of 4, saying, "I've seen “King Lear” as a samurai drama and “Macbeth” as a Mafia story, and two different “Romeo and Juliets” about ethnic difficulties in Manhattan (“West Side Story” and “China Girl”), but I have never seen anything remotely approaching the mess that the new punk version of “Romeo & Juliet” makes of Shakespeare's tragedy."[15]

text: The film was nominated to appear on the American Film Institute's 100 Years...100 Passions list in 2002.[16]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was originally released on VHS and DVD in 1997. A 10th anniversary special edition DVD containing extra features and commentary was released on February 6, 2007, while a Blu-ray edition was released on October 19, 2010.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"#1 Crush" – Garbage
"Local God" – Everclear
"Angel" – Gavin Friday
"Pretty Piece of Flesh" – One Inch Punch
"Kissing You (Love Theme from Romeo & Juliet)" – Des'ree
"Whatever (I Had a Dream)" – Butthole Surfers
"Lovefool" – The Cardigans
"Young Hearts Run Free" – Kym Mazelle
"Everybody's Free (To Feel Good)" – Quindon Tarver
"To You I Bestow" – Mundy
"Talk Show Host" – Radiohead
"Little Star" – Stina Nordenstam
"You and Me Song" – The Wannadies
"Layers of Darkness" - Marching Show Concept's Recording
"Exit Music (For a Film)”- Radiohead

tag: ol


document_title: Pontiac Firebird

question_text: what is the name of the bird on a trans am

question_tokens: what is the name of the bird on a trans am

root

text: Pontiac Firebird

text: First generation (1967–1969)[edit]

text:
First generation

Overview

Production
1967–1969

Assembly
Lordstown, Ohio, United States (1967–1969)
Van Nuys, California, United States (1968–1969)
Norwood, Ohio, United States (1969)

Body and chassis

Body style
2-door coupe
2-door convertible

Layout
FR layout

Platform
F-body

Related
Chevrolet Camaro (first generation)

Powertrain

Engine
230 cu in (3.8 L) Pontiac SOHC I6
250 cu in (4.1 L) Pontiac SOHC I6
326 cu in (5.3 L) Pontiac V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) Pontiac V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8

Transmission
2-speed Powerglide automatic
3-speed Turbo-Hydramatic automatic
3-speed manual
4-speed manual

Dimensions

Wheelbase
108.1 in (2,746 mm) (1967)

Length
188.8 in (4,796 mm) (1967)

Width
72.6 in (1,844 mm) (1967)

Height
51.5 in (1,308 mm) (1967)[4]

tag: table

text: The first generation Firebird had characteristic Coke bottle styling shared with its cousin, the Chevrolet Camaro. Announcing a Pontiac styling trend, the Firebird's bumpers were integrated into the design of the front end,[5] giving it a more streamlined look than the Camaro. The Firebird's rear "slit" taillights were inspired by the 1966–1967 Pontiac GTO. Both a two-door hardtop and a convertible were offered through the 1969 model year. Originally, the car was a "consolation prize" for Pontiac, which had desired to produce a two-seat sports car based on its original Banshee concept car. However, GM feared this would cut into Chevrolet Corvette sales, and gave Pontiac a piece of the "pony car" market through sharing the F-body platform with Chevrolet.

tag: p

text: The 1967 base model Firebird came equipped with the Pontiac 230 cu in (3.8 L) SOHC inline-six. Based on the standard Chevrolet 230 cu in (3.8 L) inline-six, it was fitted with a single-barrel carburetor and rated at 165 hp (123 kW).[1] The "Sprint" model six came with a four-barrel carburetor, developing 215 hp (160 kW).[6] Most buyers opted for one of three V8s: the 326 cu in (5.3 L) with a two-barrel carburetor producing 250 hp (190 kW); the four-barrel "HO" (high output) 326, producing 285 hp (213 kW); or the 325 hp (242 kW) 400 cu in (6.6 L) from the GTO. All 1967–1968 400 CI engines had throttle restrictors that blocked the carburetors' second barrels from fully opening.[1] A "Ram Air" option was also available, providing functional hood scoops, higher flow heads with stronger valve springs, and a hotter camshaft. Power for the Ram Air package was the same as the conventional 400 HO, but peaked at 5,200 RPM.

text: The 230 CID engines were subsequently replaced in 1968 by the Chevrolet 250 cu in (4.1 L) stroked 230 CI engines, the first developing an increased 175 hp (130 kW) using a single-barrel carburetor, and the other the same 215hp with a four-barrel carburetor. Also for the 1968 model, the 326 CID engine was replaced by the Pontiac 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8, which actually displaced 355 cu in (5.8 L), and produced 265 hp (198 kW) with a two-barrel carburetor. An HO version of the 350 CID with a revised cam was also offered starting in that year, which developed 320 hp (240 kW). Power output of the other engines was increased marginally.[1]

text: There was an additional Ram Air IV option for the 400 CID engines during 1969, complementing the Ram Air III; these generated 345 and 335 hp (257 and 250 kW) respectively. The 350 CID HO engine was revised again with a different cam and cylinder heads resulting in 325 hp (242 kW). During 1969 a special 303 cu in (5.0 L) engine was designed for SCCA road racing applications that was not available in production cars.[7]

text: The styling difference from the 1967 to the 1968 model was the addition of federally-mandated side marker lights: for the front of the car, the turn signals were made larger and extended to wrap around the front edges of the car, and on the rear, the Pontiac (V-shaped) Arrowhead logo was added to each side. The front door vent-windows were replaced with a single pane of glass and Astro Ventilation, a fresh-air-inlet system. The 1969 model received a major facelift with a new front end design but unlike the GTO, it did not have the Endura bumper. The instrument panel and steering wheel were revised. The ignition switch was moved from the dashboard to the steering column with the introduction of GM's new locking ignition switch/steering wheel.[1]

text: In March 1969, a $725 optional handling package called the "Trans Am performance and appearance package", UPC "WS4", named after the Trans Am Series, was introduced. A total of 689 hardtops and eight convertibles were made.[1]

text: Due to engineering problems that delayed the introduction of the all-new 1970 Firebird beyond the usual fall debut, Pontiac continued production of 1969 model Firebirds into the early months of the 1970 model year (the other 1970 Pontiac models had been introduced on September 18, 1969). By late spring of 1969, Pontiac had deleted all model-year references on Firebird literature and promotional materials, anticipating the extended production run of the then-current 1969 models.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
1967[8]
1968
1969

Two-door hardtop coupe
67,032
90,152
75,362

Two-door convertible
15,528
16,960
11,649

Two-door coupe Trans Am

689

Two-door convertible Trans Am

8

Total
82,560
107,112
87,708

text: Engines[edit]

text:
1967
Std 230 cu in (3.8 L) Pontiac SOHC I6
165 hp (123 kW)
W53 "Sprint" 230 CID Pontiac SOHC I6
215 hp (160 kW)
L30 326 cu in (5.3 L) Pontiac V8
250 hp (190 kW)
L76 326 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8
285 hp (213 kW)
W66 400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
325 hp (242 kW)
L67 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air V8
325hp

1968
Std 250 cu in (4.1 L) Pontiac SOHC I6
175 hp (130 kW)
W53 "Sprint" 250CID Pontiac SOHC I6
215hp
L30 350 cu in (5.7 L) Pontiac V8
265 hp (198 kW)
L76 350 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8
320 hp (240 kW)
W66 400 CID Pontiac V8
330 hp (250 kW)
L67 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air V8
335 hp (250 kW)
L74 400 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8
335hp
L67 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air II V8
340 hp (250 kW)[a 1]

1969
Std 250 CID Pontiac SOHC I6
175hp
W53 "Sprint" 250 CID Pontiac SOHC I6
230 hp (170 kW)
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8
265hp
L76 350 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8
325hp
W66 400 CID Pontiac V8
330hp
L74 400 CID Pontiac "H.O." Ram Air III V8
335hp
L67 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air IV V8
345 hp (257 kW)

text:
1967 Pontiac Firebird 400 convertible

1968 Pontiac Firebird convertible 400 Ram Air with the optional "hood tach"

1969 Pontiac Firebird Trans Am

tag: ul

text: Second generation (1970–1981)[edit]

text:
Second generation

1974 Firebird

Overview

Production
1970–1981

Assembly
Van Nuys, California, United States (1970–1971, 1978–1981)
Norwood, Ohio, United States (1970–1981)

Body and chassis

Body style
2-door coupe

Layout
FR layout

Platform
F-body

Related
Chevrolet Camaro (second generation)

Powertrain

Engine
231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick V6
250 cu in (4.1 L) Chevrolet I6
265 cu in (4.3 L) Pontiac V8
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac turbo V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet LG3 V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet LG4 V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) Buick V8[a 2]
350 cu in (5.7 L) Oldsmobile V8[a 2]
350 cu in (5.7 L) Chevrolet V8[a 2]
350 cu in (5.7 L) Pontiac V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8

Transmission
3-speed manual
4-speed manual
2-speed automatic
3-speed automatic

Dimensions

Wheelbase
108.2 in (2,748 mm) (1978)[9]

Length
196.8 in (4,999 mm) (1978)

Width
73.4 in (1,864 mm) (1978)

Height
49.3 in (1,252 mm) (1978)

text: The second generation debut for the 1970 model year was delayed until February 26, 1970, because of tooling and engineering problems; thus, its popular designation as a 1970½ model, while leftover 1969s were listed in early Pontiac literature without a model-year identification.[10] This generation of Firebirds were available in coupe form only; after the 1969 model year, convertibles were not available until 1991.

text: Models

text:
Firebird Base
Firebird Esprit
Firebird Formula
Firebird Trans-Am

text: Special versions and appearance packages

text:
Formula Appearance Package "W50" (1976–1981)[1]
Black-and-Gold Trans Am Pontiac 50th Anniversary Limited Edition (1976)[1]
Black-and-Gold Trans Am Special Edition (1977–1978, 1980–1981)[1]
Sky Bird Esprit Appearance Package "W60" (1977–1978)[1]
Gold Trans Am Special Edition "Y88" (1978)[1]
Red Bird Esprit Appearance Package "W68" (1978–1979)[1]
Black Trans Am Special Edition "Y84" (1979)[1]
Trans Am 10th Anniversary Edition (1979)[1]
Yellow Bird Esprit Appearance Package "W73" (1980)[1]
Trans Am Turbo Indy Pace Car Edition (1980)[1]
Trans Am Turbo NASCAR Pace Car Edition (1981)[11]
Macho Trans-Am (a package offered by the Mecham Pontiac dealership in Glendale, AZ).[12]

text: Replacing the "Coke bottle" styling was a more "swoopy" body style, while still retaining some traditional elements. The top of the rear window line going almost straight down to the lip of the trunk lid, a look that was to epitomize F-body styling for the longest period during the Firebird's lifetime. The new design was initially characterized with a large C-pillar, until 1975 when the rear window was enlarged.

text: There were two Ram Air 400 cu in (6.6 L) engines for 1970: the 335 hp (250 kW) L74 Ram Air III (366 hp (273 kW) in GTO) and the 345 hp (257 kW) LS1 Ram Air IV (370 hp (280 kW) in GTO) that were carried over from 1969. The difference between the GTO and Firebird engines was that the secondary carburetor's throttle linkage had a restrictor which prevented the rear barrels from opening completely,[1] adjusting the linkage could allow full carburetor operation resulting in identical engine performance.

text: For the 1970 and 1971 model years, all Firebirds equipped with radios had the antennas mounted "in-glass" in the windshield.[1]

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6-cylinder
3,184

2 door base 8-cylinder
15,740

2 door Esprit 8-cylinder
18,961

2 door Formula 400 8-cylinder
7,708

2 door Trans Am Ram Air III 8-cylinder
3,108

2 door Trans Am Ram Air IV 8-cylinder
88

Total
48,739

text: The Pontiac 455 cu in (7.5 L) engine first became available in the second generation Firebird in 1971. The 455 engine was available in the L75 325 hp (242 kW) version and the LS5 335 hp HO version, which was the standard, and only engine option, for the Trans Am. The HO engine also included Ram Air IV.[1]

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6-cylinder
2,975

2 door base 8-cylinder
20,047

2 door Esprit 8-cylinder
20,185

2 door Formula 400 8-cylinder
7,802

2 door Trans Am Ram 8-cylinder
2,116

Total
53,125

text: During a 1972 strike, the Firebird (and the similar F-body Camaro) were nearly dropped.[13]

text: Again the 455HO was the only engine available for the Trans Am.[1]

text: Starting in 1972, and continuing until 1977, the Firebird was only produced at the Norwood, Ohio, facility.[1]

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base
12,001

2 door Esprit
11,415

2 door Formula
5,249

2 door Trans Am
1,286

Total
29,951

text: Actual production cars yielded 1/4 mile results in the high 14 to 15.0 second/98 MPH range (sources: Motor Trend Magazine, July '73 and Roger Huntington's book, American Supercar) – results that are consistent with a 3,850 pound car (plus driver) and the rated 290 SAE net horsepower figure. (An original rating of 310 SAE net horsepower had been assigned to the SD455, though that rating was based on the emissions non-compliant "pre-production" engines, as mentioned above. That rating appeared in published 1973 model year Pontiac literature, which had been printed prior to the "pre-production" engines "barely passing" emissions testing, and the last minute switch to what became the production engine. The 1974 model year production literature listed the specifications of the production engine (290 SAE net horsepower).

text: In 1973 and 1974, a special version of the 455, called the Super Duty 455 (SD-455), was offered. The SD-455 consisted of a strengthened cylinder block that included four-bolt main bearings and added material in various locations for improved strength. Original plans called for a forged crankshaft, although actual production SD455s received nodular iron crankshafts with minor enhancements. Forged rods and forged aluminum pistons were specified, as were unique high-flow cylinder heads.

text: A production line stock SD455 produced 253 rear wheel HP on a chassis dyno, as reported by High Performance Pontiac magazine (January, 2007). This is also consistent with the 290 SAE net horsepower factory rating (as measured at the crankshaft). Skip McCully verified that no production SD455s released to the public were fitted with the 480737 cam. When asked about the compromises for the production SD455 engine, McCully responded, "Compression, camshaft, jetting, and vacuum advance." He followed by stating that he would have preferred a compression ratio of 10.25:1, a camshaft with 041 valve timing, slightly richer carburetor jetting, and as much vacuum advance as the engine would tolerate. However, that proved to be impossible due to the emissions regulations of the era.[14]

text: The 480737 code cam (identical grind to the RAIV "041" cam) was originally specified for the SD455 engine and was fitted into the "pre-production" test cars (source: former Pontiac special projects engineer McCully), one of which was tested by both Hot Rod and Car and Driver magazines. However, actual production cars were fitted with the milder 493323 cam and 1.5:1 rocker ratios, due to the ever-tightening emissions standards of the era. This cam and rocker combination, combined with a low compression ratio of 8.4:1 advertised (7.9:1 actual) yielded 290 SAE net horsepower. Production SD455 cars did not have functional hood scoops, while the "pre-production" test cars did.

text: Pontiac offered the 455 through the 1976 model year, but the engine could not meet tightening restrictions on vehicle emissions. A total of 7,100 were produced with the 455 engine.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6- & 8-cylinder
14,096

2 door Esprit 8-cylinder
17,249

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
10,123

2 door Formula SD 455 8-cylinder
43

2 door Trans Am 8-cylinder
4,550

2 door Trans Am SD 455 8-cylinder
252

Total
46,313

text: Curb weights rose dramatically in the 1974 model year due to the implementation of 5 mph (8.0 km/h) telescoping bumpers and various other crash and safety related structural enhancements; SD455 Trans Ams weighed in at 3,850 lb (1,750 kg) in their first year of production (1974 model year; actually '73).

text: The 1974 models featured a redesigned "shovel-nose" front end and new wide "slotted" taillights. In 1974, Pontiac offered two base engines for the Firebird: a 100 hp (75 kW) 250 cu in (4.1 L) inline-6 and a 155 hp (116 kW) 350 cu in (5.7 L) V8. Available were 175 to 225 hp (130 to 168 kW) 400 cu in (6.6 L) V8 engines, as well as the 455 cu in (7.5 L) produced 215 or 250 hp (160 or 186 kW), while the SD-455 produced 290 hp (220 kW). The 400, 455, and SD-455 engines were offered in the Trans Am and Formula models during 1974

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6-cylinder
7,603

2 door base 8-cylinder
18,769

2 door Esprit 8-cylinder
22,583

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
14,461

2 door Formula SD 455 8-cylinder
58

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder
4,664

2 door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinder
4,648

2 door Trans Am SD 455 8-cylinder
943

Total
73,729

text: The 1975 models featured a new wraparound rear window with a revised roofline and the turn signals were moved up from the valance panel to the grills which distinguished it from the previous year model. The Super Duty engine, Muncie 4-speed, and TurboHydramatic 400 automatic were no longer available in 1975. Due to the use of catalytic converters starting in 1975, the THM 400 would not fit alongside the catalytic converter underneath the vehicle. The smaller TurboHydramatic 350 automatic was deemed enough. The 400 was standard in the Trans Am and the 455 was optional for both 1975 and 1976 models.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6- & 8-cylinder
22,293

2 door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder
20,826

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
13,670

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder
26,417

2 door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinder
857

Total
84,063

text: Pontiac celebrated its 50th anniversary year in 1976.[15] To commemorate this event, Pontiac unveiled a special Trans Am option at the 1976 Chicago Auto Show.[16] Painted in black with gold accents, this was the first "anniversary" Trans Am package and the first production black and gold special edition. A removable T-top developed by Hurst was optional, but proved problematic.[16]

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6- & 8-cylinder
21,206

2 door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder
22,252

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
20,613

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder
37,015

2 door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinder
7,099

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder
Limited Edition
1,628

2 door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinder
Limited Edition
319

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder
Limited Edition w/T-tops
533

2 door Trans Am w/455ci 8-cylinder
Limited Edition w/T-tops
110

Total
110,775

text: A distinctive, slant-nose facelift occurred in 1977. There is a way to tell an early 1977 built car as there was a production change in the hood scoop. Early cars were supplied with an off-center scoop. Furthermore, early W72 cars came with the standard 180 hp air cleaner. Pontiac offered the T/A 6.6 Litre 400 (RPO W72) rated at 200 hp (150 kW), as opposed to the regular 6.6 Litre 400 (RPO L78) rated at 180 hp (130 kW). The T/A 6.6 equipped engines had chrome valve covers, while the base 400 engines had painted valve covers. In addition, California and high-altitude cars received the Olds 403 engine, which offered a slightly higher compression ratio and a more usable torque band than the Pontiac engines of 1977.

text: From 1977 to 1981, the Firebird used four square headlamps, while the Camaro continued to retain the two round headlights that had been shared by both second generation designs. The 1977 Trans-Am Special Edition became famous after being featured in Smokey and the Bandit. The 1980 Turbo model was used for Smokey and the Bandit II.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6- & 8-cylinder
30,642

2 door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder
34,548

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
21,801

2 door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinder
29,313

2 door Trans Am w/400ci W72 8-cylinder
18,785

2 door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinder
5,079

2 door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinder
Special Edition
748

2 door Trans Am w/400ci W72 8-cylinder
Special Edition
933

2 door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinder
Special Edition
180

2 door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinder
Special Edition w/T-tops
6,030

2 door Trans Am w/400ci W72 8-cylinder
Special Edition w/T-tops
6,459

2 door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinder
Special Edition w/T-tops
1,217

Total
155,735

text: Changes for 1978 were slight, with a switch from a honeycomb to a crosshatch pattern grille being the most obvious from the outside.[17] Beginning in 1978, the Pontiac group introduced a new special edition vehicle. The Firebird Formula LT Sport Edition which featured a revised 10% raised compression Chevy 305 V8 powertrain producing 155 hp (same as 1977 Chevy Monza Mirage) combined with a floor center console four-speed manual T-10 BW transmission coupled to a limited-slip differential final drive. The limited touring package (LT) also included a cabin roof, door, fender and hood graphics scheme, the Trans-Am sports handling package with HD gas shocks, modular alloy wheels and the SE Trans-Am rear deck spoiler with "Formula" word graphic detail. T-tops in 1978 transitioned from Hurst units to Fisher (GM) in mid year.

text: The engineers also revised the compression ratio in the 400ci through the installation of different cylinder heads with smaller combustion chambers (1977 Pontiac 400 engines also had the 350 heads bolted to the 400 blocks, these heads were known as the 6x-4 heads and were taken from the Pontiac 350). This increased power by 10% for a total of 220 during the 1978–79 model years. The 400/403 options remained available until 1979, when the 400 CID engines were only available in the 4-speed transmission Trans Ams and Formulas (the engines had actually been stockpiled from 1978, when PMD had cut production of the engine).

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6- & 8-cylinder
32,671

2 door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder
36,926

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
24,346

2 door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinder
63,812

2 door Trans Am w/400ci W72 8-cylinder
8,251

2 door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinder
8,969

2 door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinder
Black Special Edition
3,433

2 door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinder
Black Special Edition
210

2 door Trans Am w/400ci L78 8-cylinder
Gold Special Edition
7,796

2 door Trans Am w/403ci L80 8-cylinder
Gold Special Edition
880

Total
187,294

text: The front end was restyled in 1979. It also marked the 10th anniversary of the Trans Am, and a special anniversary package was made available: silver paint with gray upper paint accents and a silver leather interior. The 10th anniversary cars also featured a special Firebird hood decal, which extended off of the hood and onto the front fenders. Pontiac produced 7,500 10th anniversary cars, of which 1,817 were equipped with the Pontiac 400 engine (and coupled with the four-speed Borg Warner Super T-10 transmission). The only option on these cars was the engine (the 400 was not certified for California, nor was cruise control available with it), which dictated the transmission and the gear ratio (3.23 on the 400 cars, 2.73 on the 403 cars). In 1979 Pontiac sold 116,535 Trans Ams, the highest sold in a year.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6- & 8-cylinder
38,642

2 door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder
30,853

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
24,850

2 door Trans Am w/301ci 8-cylinder
8,605

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder
2,485

2 door Trans Am w/403ci 8-cylinder
48,488

2 door Trans Am w/301ci 8-cylinder w/T-tops
4,831

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder w/T-tops
2,917

2 door Trans Am w/403ci 8-cylinder w/T-tops
30,728

2 door Trans Am w/301ci 8-cylinder
Special Edition w/T-tops
573

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder
Special Edition w/T-tops
1,107

2 door Trans Am w/403ci 8-cylinder
Special Edition w/T-tops
9,874

2 door Trans Am w/400ci 8-cylinder
10th Anniversary Edition
1,817

2 door Trans Am w/403ci 8-cylinder
10th Anniversary Edition
5,683

Total
211,453

text: In 1980, due to ever-increasing emissions restrictions, Pontiac dropped all of its large displacement engines.[18] 1980 therefore saw the biggest engine changes for the Trans Am. The 301, offered in 1979 as a credit option, was now the standard engine. Options included a turbocharged 301 or the Chevrolet 305 small block.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6- & 8-cylinder
29,811

2 door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder
17,277

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
9,356

2 door Trans Am w/4.9L 8-cylinder
25,714

2 door Trans Am w/4.9L Turbo 8-cylinder
16,476

2 door Trans Am w/5.0L 8-cylinder
3,006

2 door Trans Am Turbo Indy Pace Car 8-cylinder
5,700

Total
107,340

text: In the final year of the second generation Firebirds (1981), Trans Am still used the same engines as it had in the previous model year, with the only change being the addition of a new electronic carburetion system.

text: The assembly plant code for Norwood, OH is "N" (from 1972 to 1980 this would be the fifth VIN digit, for 1981 it is the 11th digit), and for Van Nuys, CA it is "L" (for Los Angeles, of which Van Nuys, Los Angeles is a district). In the later second-generation cars, Norwood used lacquer-based paint (there is an "L" on the cowl tag), and Van Nuys used water-based paint (there is a "W" on the cowl tag), due to California's tightening pollution regulations. The water-based paint often failed and delaminated during the warranty period and subsequently; cars had to be repainted.

text:
Production totals[1]

Model
#

2 door base 6- & 8-cylinder
20,541

2 door Esprit 6- & 8-cylinder
10,938

2 door Formula 8-cylinder
5,927

2 door Trans Am w/4.9L E/C 8-cylinder
10,877

2 door Trans Am w/4.9L Turbo 8-cylinder
13,578

2 door Trans Am w/5.0L 8-cylinder
7,038

2 door Trans Am NASCAR Turbo Pace Car 8-cylinder
2,000

Total
70,899

text: Engines[edit]

text:
1970
Std 250 cu in (4.1 L) Chevrolet I6
155 hp (116 kW)
Esprit std 350 cu in (5.7 L) Pontiac V8
255 hp (190 kW)
346 400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
265 hp (198 kW)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8
330 hp (250 kW)
L74 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air III V8
345 hp (257 kW)
400 CID Pontiac Ram Air IV V8
370 hp (280 kW)
L74 (T/A std) 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air IV V8
335 hp (250 kW)
LS1 400 CID Pontiac Ram Air IV V8
345 hp

1971
Std 250 CID Chevrolet I6
155 hp (bhp)[a 3] 110 hp (82 kW) (whp)
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8
250 hp (190 kW) (bhp) 165 hp (123 kW) (whp)
L65 400 CID Pontiac V8
265 hp (bhp) 180 hp (130 kW) (whp)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8
300 hp (220 kW) (bhp) 250 hp (190 kW) (whp)
L75 455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8
325 hp (242 kW) (bhp) 255 hp (whp)
LS5 455 CID Pontiac "H.O." Ram Air IV V8
335 hp (bhp) 305 hp (227 kW) (whp)

1972
Std 250 CID Chevrolet I6
110 hp
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8
175 hp (130 kW)
L65 400 CID Pontiac V8
200 hp (150 kW)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8
250 hp
LS5 455 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8
300 hp

1973
Std 250 CID Chevrolet I6
100 hp (75 kW)
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8
150–175 hp (112–130 kW)[a 4]
L65 400 CID Pontiac V8
170–185 hp (127–138 kW)[a 4]
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8
230 hp (170 kW)
L75 400 CID Pontiac V8
250 hp
LS2 455 CID Pontiac "SD" V8
290–310 hp (220–230 kW)[a 5]

1974
Std 250 CID Chevrolet I6
100 hp
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8
155–170 hp (116–127 kW)[a 6]
L65 400 CID Pontiac V8
190 hp (140 kW)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8
200 hp
L75 400 CID Pontiac V8
250 hp
LS2 455 CID Pontiac "SD" V8
290 hp (220 kW)

1975
L22 250 CID Chevrolet I6
100 hp
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8
155 hp
L76 350 CID Pontiac V8
175 hp
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8
185 hp (138 kW)
L75 455 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8
200 hp[a 7]

1976
L22 250 CID Chevrolet I6
100 hp
L30 350 CID Pontiac V8
160 hp (120 kW)
L76 350 CID Pontiac V8
165 hp (123 kW)
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8
185 hp
L75 455 CID Pontiac "H.O." V8
200 hp

1977
LD 231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick V6
105 hp (78 kW)
L27 301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8
135 hp (101 kW)
L34 350 CID Pontiac V8
170 hp (130 kW)
L76 350 CID Oldsmobile V8
170 hp
L78 400 CID Pontiac V8
180 hp (130 kW)
W72 400 CID Pontiac V8
200 hp
L80 403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8
185 hp

1978
LD5 3.8 L (231 cu in) Buick V6[a 8]
105 hp
LG3 5.0 L (305 cu in) 5.0L Chevrolet V8
135 hp
LM1 5.7 L (350 cu in) V8[a 2]
170 hp (130 kW)
L78 6.6 L (400 cu in) Pontiac V8
185 hp
W72 6.6L Pontiac V8
220 hp (160 kW)
L80 6.6 L (403 cu in) Oldsmobile V8
185 hp

1979
LD5 3.8L Buick V6
105 hp
L27 4.9 L (301 cu in) Pontiac V8
135 hp
L37 4.9L Pontiac V8
150 hp
LG3 5.0L Chevrolet V8
135 hp or 150 hp
LM1 5.7L Chevrolet V8
170 hp
W72 6.6L Pontiac V8
220 hp
L80 6.6L Oldsmobile V8
185 hp

1980
LD5 3.8L Buick V6
105 hp
L37 4.9L Pontiac V8
140 hp (100 kW)
W72 4.9L Pontiac E/C V8
155 hp
LU8 4.9L Pontiac Turbo V8
210 hp (160 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8
150 hp

1981
LD5 3.8L Buick V6
LS5 4.3 L (265 cu in) Pontiac V8
140 hp (100 kW)
L37 4.9L Pontiac E/C V8
155 hp
LU8 4.9L Pontiac Turbo V8
220 hp (160 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8
150 hp

text: Third generation (1982–1992)[edit]

text:
Third generation

1989 20th Anniversary Turbo Trans Am convertible

Overview

Production
1982–1992

Assembly
Van Nuys, California, United States
Norwood, Ohio, United States (1982–1987)

Body and chassis

Body style
2-door coupe
2-door convertible

Layout
FR layout

Platform
F-body

Related
Chevrolet Camaro (third generation)

Powertrain

Engine
151 cu in (2.5 L) Pontiac I4
173 cu in (2.8 L) GM 60° V6
191 cu in (3.1 L) GM 60° V6
231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick Turbo V6
305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) Chevrolet V8

Transmission
3-speed automatic
4-speed automatic
4-speed manual
5-speed manual

Dimensions

Wheelbase
101 in (2,565 mm)

Length
1990–92 Firebird: 195.1 in (4,956 mm)
1990–92 Trans Am: 195.2 in (4,958 mm)
Pre-1988 Firebird: 190.5 in (4,839 mm)
Pre-1988 Trans Am: 191.8 in (4,872 mm)

Width
72.4 in (1,839 mm)

Height
49.7 in (1,262 mm)

text: The availability and cost of gasoline (two fuel crises had occurred by this time) meant the weight and the fuel consumption of the 3rd generation had to be considered in the design. In F-body development, both the third generation Firebird and Camaro were proposed as possible front wheel drive platforms, but the idea was scrapped. The state of the art of computerized engine management was in its infancy, and as long as saving fuel was the primary objective, it was not possible to have high horsepower and torque numbers. They did manage to cut enough weight from the design so that acceleration performance would be better than the 1981 models. They also succeeded in the fuel consumption department, offering a four-cylinder Firebird that would provide 34 miles per gallon.[19] GM executives decided that engineering effort would best be spent on aerodynamics and chassis development. They created a modern platform, so that when engine technology advanced, they would have a well-balanced package with acceleration, braking, handling, and aerodynamics. For the time being, they would have world class aerodynamics and handling, and excellent fuel economy.

text: The Firebird and Camaro were completely redesigned for the 1982 model year, with the windshield slope set at 62 degrees, (about three degrees steeper than anything GM had ever tried before), and for the first time, a large, glass-dominated hatchback that required no metal structure to support it. Two concealed pop-up headlights, a first on the F-Body cars, were the primary characteristic that distinguished the third generation Firebird from both its Camaro sibling and its prior form (a styling characteristic carried into the fourth generation's design). In addition to being about 500 pounds (230 kg) lighter than the previous design, the new design was the most aerodynamic product GM had ever released. Wind tunnels were used to form the new F-Body platform's shape, and Pontiac took full advantage of it. The aerodynamic developments extended to the finned aluminum wheels with smooth hubcaps and a functional rear spoiler.

text: Models[edit]

text:
Firebird Base
Firebird S/E (1982-1986)
Firebird Formula (1987-1992)
Firebird Trans Am

text: Styles[edit]

text:
Firebird-(I4/V6/V8)-Series 2FS (1982–86)
Firebird-(V6/V8)-Series 2FS (1987)
Firebird-Series 2F-(V6/V8) (1988)
Firebird Special Edition (S/E)-(V6/V8)-Series 2FX (1982–86)
Formula Firebird-(V8)-Series 2FS (1987)
Formula Firebird-Series F/S-(1982–87)
Firebird Trans Am-Series F/W-(V8) (1988)
Firebird Recaro Trans Am-(V8)-Series 2FW/Y84 (1982–84)
Firebird Trans Am GTA-(V8)-Series 2FW (1987)
Firebird Trans Am GTA-Series F/W-(V8) (1988)
Firebird 25th Anniversary Daytona 500 Limited Edition Trans Am-(V8)-Series 2FW (1983)
Firebird 15th Anniversary Trans Am-(V8)-Series 2FW (1984)[20]

text: Engines[edit]

text:
1982
LQ9 2.5 L (151 cu in) GM EFI I4
90 hp (67 kW)
LC1 2.83 L (173 cu in) Chevrolet V6
102 hp (76 kW)
LG4 5.00 L (305 cu in) Chevrolet V8
145 hp (108 kW)
LU5 Crossfire EFI 5.0L Chevrolet V8
165 hp (123 kW)

1983
LQ9 2.5L GM EFI I4]
92 hp (69 kW)
LC1 2.8L Chevrolet V6
107 hp (80 kW)
LL1 2.8L "HO" Chevrolet V6
125 hp (93 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8
150 hp (110 kW)
LU5 5.0L Chevrolet Crossfire EFI V8
175 hp (130 kW)
L69 5.0L "HO" Chevrolet V8
190 hp (140 kW)

1984
LQ9 2.5L GM EFI I4]
92 hp (69 kW)
LC1 2.8L Chevrolet V6
125 hp (93 kW)
LL1 2.8L "HO" Chevrolet V6
125 hp (93 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8
150 hp (110 kW)
L69 5.0L "HO" Chevrolet V8
190 hp (140 kW)

1985
LQ9 2.5L GM EFI I4]
88 hp (66 kW)
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet EFI V6
135 hp (101 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8
155 hp (116 kW)
L69 5.0L "HO" Chevrolet V8
190 hp (140 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8
205 hp (153 kW)

1986
LQ9 2.5L GM EFI I4]
88 hp (66 kW)
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet EFI V6
135 hp (101 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8
165 hp (123 kW)
L69 5.0L "HO" Chevrolet V8
190 hp (140 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8
190 hp (140 kW)
L98 5.7 L (350 cu in) Chevrolet tuned port injection V8
220 hp (160 kW)

1987
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet EFI V6
135 hp (101 kW)
LG4 5.0L Chevrolet V8
155 hp (116 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8, Automatic
190 hp (140 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8, Manual
215 hp (160 kW)
L98 5.7L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8
225 hp (168 kW)

1988
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet EFI V6
135 hp (101 kW)
LO3 5.0L Chevrolet V8
170 hp (130 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8, Automatic
195 hp (145 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8, Manual
220 hp (160 kW)
L98 5.7L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8
230 hp (170 kW)

1989
LB8 2.8L Chevrolet multi port fuel injection V6
135 hp (101 kW)
L03 5.0L Chevrolet throttle body injection V8
170 hp (130 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8,Automatic
195 hp (145 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8,Manual
220 hp (160 kW)
LB9 5.0L Chevrolet tuned port injection V8,Manual w/Dual Cats N10 option
230 hp (170 kW)
L98 5.7 L (350 cu in) Chevrolet tuned port injection V8
230 hp (170 kW)

1989 (cont'd)
L98 5.7 L (350 cu in) Chevrolet tuned port injection V8 w/Dual Cats N10 Option
240 hp (180 kW)
LC2 Buick 3.8L Turbocharged V6
250 hp (190 kW)

text: Fourth generation (1993–2002)[edit]

text:
Fourth generation

Overview

Production
November 1992–2002[21]

Assembly
Sainte-Thérèse, Quebec

Body and chassis

Body style
2-door coupe
2-door convertible

Layout
FR layout

Platform
F-body

Related
Chevrolet Camaro (fourth generation)

Powertrain

Engine
3.4 L (207.5 cu in) L32 V6
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) Buick V6
5.7 L (347.8 cu in) LT1 V8
5.7 L (347.8 cu in) LS1 V8

Transmission
THM 4L60 4-speed automatic (1993)
THM 4L60E 4-speed automatic (1994-2002)
Borg Warner T-5 5-speed manual (V6 engine)
Borg Warner T56 6-speed manual (V8 engine)

Dimensions

Wheelbase
101.1 in (2,568 mm)

Length
1993–1997 Firebird: 195.6 in (4,968 mm)
1998–2002 Firebird: 193.3 in (4,910 mm)
1993–1997 Trans Am: 197 in (5,004 mm)
1998–1999 Trans Am: 193.8 in (4,923 mm)
2000–2002 Trans Am: 193.7 in (4,920 mm)

Width
1993–1997: 74.5 in (1,892 mm)
1998–2002: 74.4 in (1,890 mm)

Height
1993–1999 Firebird 52 in (1,321 mm)
2000–2002 Firebird: 51.2 in (1,300 mm)
1993–1995 Trans Am: 51.7 in (1,313 mm)
1996–1999 Trans Am: 52 in (1,321 mm)
2000–2002 Trans Am: 51.8 in (1,316 mm)
1993-1999 Firebird Convertible: 52.7 in (1,339 mm)
2000–2002 Firebird Convertible 51.8 in (1,316 mm)
1994–1999 Trans Am Convertible: 52.4 in (1,331 mm)

Curb weight
3,440 lb (1,560 kg) (5.7L LS1 Coupe)
3,284 lb (1,490 kg) (5.7L LT1 Coupe)

text: The fourth-generation Firebird amplified the aerodynamic styling initiated by the previous generation. While the live rear axle and floorpan aft of the front seats remained largely the same, ninety percent of the Firebird's parts were all-new.[22] Overall, the styling of the Firebird more strongly reflected the Banshee IV concept car than the 1991 "facelift" did. As with the Camaro, major improvements included standard dual airbags, four-wheel anti-lock brakes, 16-inch wheels, rack-and-pinion power steering, short/long-arm front suspension, and several non-rusting composite body panels. Throughout its fourth generation, trim levels included V6-powered Firebird, and V8-powered Formula and Trans Am. The T5 five-speed manual transmission was standard with the V6s, as was the Borg-Warner T56 six-speed manual for the V8s. A four-speed automatic was optional for both, featuring built-in electronic controls beginning in 1994.

text:
From 1993 until 1995 (1995 non-California cars), Firebirds received a 160 hp (120 kW) 3.4 L V6, an enhanced version of the third-generation's 3.1 L V6. Beginning mid-year 1995 onward, a Series II 3.8 L V6 with 200 hp (150 kW) became the Firebird's sole engine. From 1993 to 1997, sole engine for the Formula and Trans Am was the 5.7 L LT1 V8, essentially identical to the LT1 in the C4 Corvette except for more flow-restrictive intake and exhaust systems. Steering wheel audio controls were included with optional uplevel cassette or compact disc stereo systems. Beginning with 1994 model year cars, "Delco 2001"-series stereo systems replaced the previous Delco units.[23]:898 This revised series, also introduced for other Pontiac car lines, featured ergonomically-designed control panels with larger buttons and an optional seven-band graphic equalizer. Also in 1994, the fourth-generation convertible was available; every Firebird (and Camaro) convertible featured a glass rear window with a built-in electric defroster. The 1995 models were the same as those of previous years, but traction control (ASR: acceleration slip regulation) was available for LT1 Firebirds, controlled by a switch on the console. The steering wheels in all Firebirds was also changed; their optional built-in audio controls were more closely grouped on each side. The "Trans Am GT" trim level was dropped from the lineup after its model year run in 1994. For 1995, all Trans Ams received 155-mph speedometers and Z-rated tires. 1995 was also the first year of the vented version of the Opti-Spark distributors on LT1 F-cars, addressing a common mechanical fault with the unit. The 'transmission perform' button was available only in the 1994 and 1995 Formula and Trans Am. This option was stopped for the 1996 and later models, but the connections remain for 1996 and 1997 Formula and Trans Am. While 1995 cars still used the OBD-I (on-board diagnostic) computer system (the last year of F-body to use OBD-I), a majority of them had OBD-II connector ports under the dash.
Firebird performance levels improved for 1996, with the establishment of the stronger 200-hp 3.8 L V6 as the new base engine, and the power rating of the LT1 increased to 285 for 1996, due to its new dual catalytic-converter exhaust system. 1996 was also the first model year of the OBD-II computer system. Optional performance enhancements were available for each Firebird trim level; the Y87 performance packages for V6s added mechanical features of the V8 setups, such as four-wheel disc brakes, faster-response steering, limited-slip rear differential, and dual tailpipes.[23]:904 For Formulas and Trans Ams, functional dual-inlet "Ram Air" hoods returned as part of the WS6 performance package. The optional package boosted rated horsepower from 285 to 305, and torque from 325 lb·ft to 335. Also included were 17" x 9" wheels with 275/40ZR17 tires, suspension improvements, oval dual tailpipe tips, and a WS6 badge. Bilstein shocks were a further option with the package. The 1997 model year introduced standard air conditioning, daytime running lamps (utilizing the front turnsignal lamps), digital odometers, and optional 500-watt Monsoon cassette or compact disc stereo systems to all Firebird trim levels.[23]:907 For V6 Firebirds, a W68 sport appearance package was also introduced as a counterpart to the Camaro RS trim level. The WS6 "Ram Air" performance package was now also an option for the Formula and Trans Am convertibles, although these convertibles did not receive the 17-inch wheel-and-tire combination. There were 41 Formula convertibles and 463 Trans Am convertibles produced from 1996 to 1997 with the WS6 package.

text: In 1997, in relation to the Camaro, the Firebird received a mid-cycle refresh for 1998 model year. Major changes included a new hood and front fascia with dual intakes, retracting quad halogen headlights, circular turnsignal and fog lamps, a front license plate pocket, lower fender air vents, unified-style lower door raised lettering for each trim level, and a new "honeycomb" rear light panel, with circular reverse lamps. In the dashboard, "next generation" reduced-force dual airbags became standard. As before, the Formula and Trans Am again received a close derivative of the Corvette's 5.7 L V8, the LS1 of the C5 Corvette, as the LT1 (and LT4) V8s were discontinued.[23]:911 The LS1 Firebirds were also equipped with an aluminum driveshaft, replacing the previous steel version, while all Firebird trim levels gained four-wheel disc brakes with dual-piston front calipers and larger rotors at each wheel, complete with a solenoid-based Bosch anti-lock system. The Formula convertible was no longer offered. Beginning in 1998 for 1999 models, a standard 16.8-gallon non-metallic fuel tank increased potential traveling range. GM's ASR traction control system was extended to the V6-powered Firebirds, and all LS1 (V8) and Y87 (V6) Firebirds also received a Zexel/Torsen II slip-reduction rear axle. An electronic brakeforce distribution (EBD) system replaced the old hydraulic proportioning valve for improved brake performance. An enhanced sensing and diagnostic module (SDM) recorded vehicle speed, engine rpm, throttle position and brake use in the last five seconds prior to airbag deployment.[23]:915 In 1999, a Hurst shifter for variants with the 6-speed manual and a power steering cooler became options for LS1 Firebirds. In 2000, the WS6 performance package was available exclusively for 2001 model year Trans Am coupe and convertible variants. For 2002, more convenience items such as power mirrors and power antenna became standard equipment, while cassette stereos were phased out.

text: Special editions[edit]

text: Firehawk The special-edition extra-performance Firehawk (available in Formula trim for 1993–1997, and again in both Formula and Trans Am trims for 1999-2002) was produced by SLP Engineering, Inc., and sold through Pontiac dealerships. Featuring 17-inch wheels with namesake Firestone Firehawk 275/40ZR17 tires along with a functional twin-inlet hood above a specific air cleaner box, its rated power increased to 300 hp (220 kW) and 330 lb·ft (445 Nm) of torque. A total of 201 Firehawks were built for 1993. In 1994, the Firehawk package was expanded to include options for a suspension upgrade as well as a larger-diameter exhaust system that could boost power to 315 hp. T-top Formula coupes and convertibles could also be optioned as Firehawks beginning in 1995. For 1996 and 1997, the Firehawk gained rectangular driving lights mounted inside the front scoops and (except Firehawk convertibles) the Trans Am's elevated rear wing. In 1997, an LT4 Firehawk was also available, utilizing the same 330 hp, balanced-and-blueprinted LT4 V8 engine as found in the manual-transmission 1996 Corvette. A total of 29 LT4-powered Firehawks were produced.

text: Power levels for the 1999 Firehawk, powered by the LS1 V8, rose to 327 hp (330 in 2000, 335 in 2001, and 345 in late 2002 models equipped with the "Blackwing" intake). A 10th-anniversary Firehawk was available in 2001, distinguished as a black Trans Am coupe with gold-painted hood stripes, gold 17-inch wheels, and gold tailpipe tips.

text: 1994 Trans Am GT In 1994 only, a "Trans Am GT" option was available. Trans Am GTs did not receive any special badging, graphics, or emblems, and looked externally identical to the base Trans Am cars. The GT package included 245/50ZR16 tires and a 155-mph speedometer. Non-GT optioned Trans Ams in 1994 received 235/55R16 tires, a 115-mph speedometer, and a much lower top-speed limiter. The "highrise spoiler", leather, and T-tops were not standard on the Trans Am GT cars in 1994, nor any year of LT1 Trans Am. RPO code T43 "uplevel spoiler" was an option on all Trans Ams, and while the mass majority of 1994 Trans Am GT cars received the T43 spoiler (along with the majority of all 1993-'97 Trans Ams), it was not part of the Trans Am GT package. Both base Trans Ams and Trans am GTs could be ordered as coupe, T-top, or convertible versions and were both available with automatic or manual transmissions. While the GT package was a cost option on the 1994 Trans Am, a majority of 1994 Trans Ams were made with the GT package.

text: All of the 1994 Trans Am GT options became standard in 1995-2002 as part of the Trans Am package, and the GT name/package was dropped for 1995. Some of the early fourth-generation Trans Am and Formula Firebirds list "GT" on the vehicle's title or registration. The reason behind this is because the VIN does not specify a "package" (Formula, Trans Am, Trans Am GT, Firehawk, etc.); it only specifies the engine (5.7L V8 LT1). Because the title is based on the VIN alone, titles and registrations often list all of the packages, but it does not mean the car is equipped with any certain package.

text: 1994 25th-Anniversary Trans Am The 1994 model year marked the 25th anniversary of the Trans Am, and another anniversary edition was released, painted white with a single dark blue stripe down the center of the vehicle that was reminiscent of the 1970 Trans Am. It also featured white-painted, five-spoke, 16-inch alloy wheels, and white leather seats and door trim. This edition was available in either coupe or convertible form.

text: 1999 30th-Anniversary Trans Am As with the previous 25th-anniversary edition, the 30th-anniversary edition was either a white WS6 convertible or WS6 T-top coupe, with twin dark blue stripes from hood to tail, and distinct blue anodized five-spoke 17-inch alloy A-mold wheels, with white leather seats and door trim.

text: 2001 was the 75th anniversary of Pontiac. An available 75th Anniversary Package incorporated a power and performance package that included power door locks including retained accessory power, power windows including express down drivers side, dual power sport mirrors, power antenna. Radio, ETR AM/FM stereo w/CD player and 7 band graphic equalizer inc clock seek up/down, remote cd pre-wiring Monsoon 500 watt peak power with 10 speaker premium sound system and steering wheel leather wrapped w/driver touch radio controls. Transmission; 4 speed auto. Power seat- drivers 6 way, Security package (includes theft deterrent system and remote key-less entry), 3800 performance package that included 3.42 gears with "posi-trac" Zexel Torsen T2 limited slip differential, 4 wheel disc brakes, dual mufflers and an LS1 steering rack= 14.4:1, 235/55/16 tires, ; hatch roof, removable, 16" chromed aluminum wheels, 50 state low emission vehicle. In 2001 the dealer price for this 75th Anniversary package was $4530.00. There were a total of 472 of these packages sold in 2001, #239 on the L36 Firebird, 231 on the Formula W66 Coupe, 5 on Formula Firehawks and 2 on Trans-Ams—making these editions quite rare.[24] Manufacturer original window stickers included this as a separate package listing the items and one price.

text: 2002 Collector's Edition Trans Am For the Firebird's final year, a collector's edition Trans Am was released as either a yellow WS6 convertible or WS6 t-top coupe, with twin black stripes from hood to tail, black-painted five-spoke 17-inch alloy wheels, and further black-trimmed body details.

text: Engines[edit]

text:
1993
3.4 L (207.5 cu in) L32 V6
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)

1994
3.4 L (207.5 cu in) L32 V6
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)

1995
3.4 L (207.5 cu in) L32 V6
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6 (California Only)
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)

1996
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)

1997
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 350 CID LT1 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads)
5.7L 350 CID LT4 V8 (iron block, aluminum heads) in Firehawk by SLP

1998
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

1999
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

2000
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

2001
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

2002
3.8 L (231.9 cu in) L36 V6
5.7L 346 CID LS1 V8 (aluminum block and heads)

text: Firebird Trans Am[edit]

text:
Pontiac Firebird Trans Am

Overview

Manufacturer
General Motors

Production
1969–2002

Body and chassis

Class
Pony car, Muscle car

Body style
2-door convertible 1969, 1987–1989 Pontiac sanctioned special edition, 1991–1992, 1994–2002
2-door coupe 1969–2002

Layout
FR layout

Platform
F-body

text: The Trans Am was a specialty package for the Firebird, typically upgrading handling, suspension, and horsepower, as well as minor appearance modifications such as exclusive hoods, spoilers, fog lights and wheels. Four distinct generations were produced between 1969 and 2002. These cars were built on the F-body platform, which was also shared by the Chevrolet Camaro.

text: Despite its name, the Trans Am was not initially used in the Trans Am Series, as its smallest engine exceeded the SCCA's five liter displacement limit.

text: The second generation was available from 1970 to 1981 and was featured in the 1977 movie Smokey and the Bandit, the 1978 movie Hooper, the 1979 movie Rocky II, and the 1980 movie Smokey and the Bandit II. The Firebird Trans Am was also selected as the Official Pace Car for the 1980 Indianapolis 500. The third generation, available from 1982 to 1992, was featured in the 1983 movie Smokey and the Bandit Part 3 and the 1984 movie Alphabet City. KITT, the automotive star, and its evil twin counterpart KARR, of the popular 1980s TV series Knight Rider, was a modified third-generation Trans Am. The fourth-generation Trans Am, available from model years 1993 to 2002, offered between 275 and 325 bhp (205 and 242 kW). The fictional character Dwight Schrute from NBC's show The Office, is another famous driver of the 1987 model.

text: The Trans Am GTA (Gran Turismo Americano) was an options package available on the Firebird Trans Am which added gold 16-inch diamond-spoke alloy wheels, a mono-chromatic paint scheme and special cloisonné GTA badges. The GTA (along with the Formula model that was intended to fill the gap between the base model Firebird and mid-level Trans Am) was the brainchild of former Pontiac marketing manager Lou Wassel. It was intended to be the "ultimate" Trans Am and was the most expensive Firebird available. The GTA equipment package officially went on sale in 1987 and avoided a gas-guzzler tax thanks to its lightweight PW 16-inch gold cross-lace wheels. The high-performance WS6 suspension package was also re-tuned to offer a more compliant ride while still maintaining tight handling characteristics. Engine choices consisted of a L98 5.7 liter (350 ci) TPI V8 mated to GM's corporate 700R4 automatic transmission or the 5.0 liter (305 ci) TPI V8. A five-speed manual was available but was mated to the 5.0 liter only. The GTA trim level was available from 1987 through the 1992 model year.

text: For 1989, the 20th anniversary turbo Trans Am project (originally conceived by Bill Owen of Pontiac) was outsourced to PAS, Inc., an engineering firm led by Jeff Beitzel. Beitzel and his team did most of the TTA development work. The 3.8 liter turbocharged V6 engines were built by PAS at their 40,000 square foot City of Industry, CA plant. From there, they went to GM's plant in Van Nuys, CA to be installed into GTAs on the F-Body assembly line. The cars were then shipped back to PAS for final assembly, testing, and quality control. Incidentally, the GTA chassis were selected at random, thus there is no correlation between the VIN and production sequence number. The initial number of cars to be produced had ranged from 500 to 2,500 until GM finally settled on 1,500. In all, a total of 1,555 Turbo Trans Ams were manufactured. One of these served as the 1989 Indianapolis 500 pace car.

text: The 2002 model-year WS6 Trans Am produced 325 horsepower at 5,200 rpm and 350 lb-ft of torque at 4,000 rpm out of its 5.7-liter LS1 V8 engine.[25] A completely-stock WS6 completed the ¼—mile in 13.16 seconds at 106.05 mph on Eagle F1 street tires.[26]

text: Engines[edit]

text: First generation[edit]

text:
1969
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air III V8 335 bhp (250 kW)
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air IV V8 345 bhp (257 kW)
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air V V8 (rare dealer-installed option) 500 bhp (370 kW)[citation needed]

text: Second generation[edit]

text:
1970
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air III 345hp V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air IV 370hp V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac Ram Air V V8 There are no known 1970 Trans Ams with the Ram Air V, no complete engines were ever sold or shipped to dealers, but the parts needed to build one could be ordered over-the-counter.[27]

1971
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac H.O. V8

1972
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac H.O. V8

1973
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac S.D. V8

1974
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac S.D. V8

1975
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8 455-H.O. These cars came with a 455-H.O decal on the Shaker Hood Scoop but were not anywhere near the same engine as the 71-72 H.O.'s. They were standard production engines lifted from Pontiac's station wagon line and transplanted straight into the T/A. Rated at ~ 200 HP. Pontiac did this to try to boost sales, and the engine was only available with the 4-speed manual transmission. A total of 857 were built as it was a mid-year addition.[28]

1976
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac V8
455 cu in (7.5 L) Pontiac V8 455 H.O. The only difference between this engine and the previous 1975 engine is the H.O. was removed from the shaker hood scoop and simply said 455. It came with a 4-speed manual transmission. A total of 7,099 were built this year's full production run.[29]

1977
403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac W72 V8

1978
403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac W72 V8

1979
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8
403 cu in (6.6 L) Oldsmobile V8 (Automatic only)
400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac W72 V8 (4-speed only)These engines were actually 1978s that were stockpiled for 1979. Pontiac ceased production of the 400 in 1978.

1980
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet V8 (4-speed only)
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac turbo V8

1981
301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) Chevrolet V8 301 cu in (4.9 L) Pontiac turbo V8

text: Third generation[edit]

text: From 1982 onward, all engines were Chevrolet sourced, unless stated otherwise.

text:
1982
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) cross-fire injection V8 (First year for fuel injection in Trans Am)

1983
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) cross-fire injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8 H.O. (662 were made, all 5-speeds)

1984
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel H.O. V8 (1500 anniversary edition models were made, 500 of them 5-speed)

1985
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel H.O. V8 H.O. (5-speed only)

1986
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8 H.O. (5-speed only) A total of 69 were built.

1987
305 cu in (5.0 L) 4 barrel V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

1988
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

1989
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8
231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick Turbo V6

1990
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

1991
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

1992
305 cu in (5.0 L) throttle body injection V8
305 cu in (5.0 L) tuned port injection V8
350 cu in (5.7 L) tuned port injection V8

text: Post Pontiac Trans Am[edit]

text: In 2012, General Motors signed a licensing deal with Trans Am Depot to use the Trans Am name and Pontiac logos in custom versions of new Trans Ams.[30] Under this agreement, Trans Am Depot takes brand new model Chevrolet Camaros, strips them down to their basic components and rebuilds what looks like new Trans Ams.[31] They make these in the designs of the 6T9 version Trans Am, 6T9 Goat ("GTO"),[32][33] 7T7 Trans Am and the limited edition Hurst Trans Am.[34][35]

text: Performance (Firebird / Firebird Trans Am)[edit]

text:
Engine
Year(s)
Power
0–60 mph
Top speed
Comments

400 cu in (6.6 L) Pontiac W72 V8
1979
220 bhp (160 kW)

8.2 s.

Trans Am model equipped with 400 4-speed manual[36]

305 cu in (5.0 L) LB9 V8
1989–1992
225 bhp (168 kW)

7.8 s.

> 140 mph (230 km/h)
Formula model equipped with N10/MM5/GM3 option codes[37]

350 cu in (5.7 L) L98 V8
1989–1992
235 bhp (175 kW)

6.2 s.

> 145 mph (233 km/h)
GTA model

231 cu in (3.8 L) Buick Turbo V6
1989
250 bhp (190 kW)

4.6 s.[38]

162 mph (261 km/h)[39]
20th anniversary Trans Am pace car

5.7 L (347.8 cu in) LT1 V8
1993–1997
275–285 bhp (205–213 kW)

6.0 s.

155 mph (249 km/h) (electronically limited)

1996–1997
305 bhp (227 kW)

5.6 s.

155 mph (249 km/h) (electronically limited)
Ram Air

5.7 L (347.8 cu in) LS1 V8
1998–2000
305 bhp (227 kW) (Trans Am), 320 bhp (240 kW) WS.6

5.1 s.

160 mph (260 km/h) (electronically limited)

2001–2002
310 bhp (230 kW) (Trans Am), 325 bhp (242 kW) WS.6

4.7 s.

160 mph (260 km/h) (electronically limited)

text: Racing[edit]

text: Firebirds were used in the Trans-Am series in the 1960s and 1970s. When the Firebird Trans Am was released, there was controversy over the model's inability to compete in the Trans-Am because the smallest available engine was too large for use in the series at 400 cubic inches (6.6 liters). The name also caused controversy because it was used without permission from the SCCA, who threatened suit. GM settled the dispute by paying $5 to the SCCA for each car they sold. When the Trans-Am was last seen, model year 2002 Firebirds were in use. From 1996 to 2006, a WS6 Trans Am coupe provided the body style for the mechanically identical racing cars used in the International Race of Champions (IROC).

text: During the 1995, 1996, and 1997 NHRA seasons, 14-time funny car champion John Force used a Firebird body to replace the obsolete Oldsmobile Cutlass and Chevrolet Lumina bodies he had used since 1988. He used it for three seasons, winning the championship in all three years. The Firebird was also used by drivers such as Del Worsham, Tim Wilkerson, Frank Pedregon, and Jerry Toliver. The Firebird body also replaced the Oldsmobile Cutlass in the pro stock class in 1995, forcing drivers Warren Johnson, Jerry Eckman, and Mark Pawuk to replace their body styles for the 1996 year. None of them would win with the first year of the Firebird body, but pro stock driver Jim Yates, a second year driver, using the Firebird body, did.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ On March 1, 1968, the L67 400CID Ram Air engine was deleted as an option and replaced with the same named L67 400CID Ram Air II engine. The new L67 was rated at 340 hp (250 kW), with revised cylinder heads that included round exhaust ports. The pistons and crankshaft were of forged construction and it included a higher lift cam with a more durable valvetrain.[1]
^ Jump up to: a b c d Chevrolet 350, VIN code "L", Buick 350, VIN code "X", and Oldsmobile 350, VIN code "R", enigines were all used.[1]
Jump up ^ In 1971, General Motors changed from posting brake horsepower, which is measured at the engine, to net horsepower, measured at the wheels.[1]
^ Jump up to: a b The lower rating is for a car equipped with an automatic transmissions, the higher rating is for a car equipped with a manual transmission.[1]
Jump up ^ Early engines were rated at 310hp but due to internal changes, primarily with the camshaft, the rating was dropped to 290hp, these changes were made to meet emissions standards.[1]
Jump up ^ The 170hp engine was standard on the Esprit and Formula models.[1]
Jump up ^ Indroduced midyear.[1]
Jump up ^ In 1978 GM switched to referencing their engince displacement in metric terms.[1]


document_title: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

question_text: where was jamanji welcome to the jungle filmed

text: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1996 in Brantford, New Hampshire, teenager Alex Vreeke receives the Jumanji board game which was found by his father on a beach after it was thrown over a bridge by Alan Parrish and Sarah Whittle 27 years earlier. Alex sets the game aside. That night, it transforms into a video game cartridge which catches Alex's attention when he is awakened by the Jumanji drums and he is transported into the game.

text: Twenty years later, in 2016, four Brantford High School students serve detention: Spencer Gilpin, caught writing an essay for former friend Anthony "Fridge" Johnson (also in detention); Bethany Walker, who made a video call during an English-class quiz and Martha Kaply, who refused to participate in gym class. They are sent to the school basement to prepare magazines for recycling and to think about their future. Fridge discovers Alex's discarded video-game system when he explores the basement, and he and Spencer set up the game. Although it has five playable characters, the first one cannot be selected. Spencer and Fridge choose two characters, and the girls choose their own. When Spencer presses "Start", they are transported into the game.

text: They are in a jungle, in the forms of their game avatars. Spencer is tough, muscular explorer and archaeologist Smolder Bravestone; Fridge is diminutive zoologist Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, whom he chose after misreading "Mouse" as "Moose"; Bethany is chubby male cartographer and intellectual Sheldon "Shelly" Oberon (whose nickname she mistook for a woman's), and Martha is beautiful commando and martial arts expert Ruby Roundhouse. They each have three lives; Spencer deduces that if they lose all three, they really die.

text: They learn the game's story from NPC Nigel: corrupt archeologist Russel Van Pelt stole the Jaguar's Eye (a magic jewel) from its shrine, cursing Jumanji. Nigel escaped Van Pelt with the jewel, and the players must return it to a jaguar statue and call "Jumanji" to lift the curse. Nigel warns them that Van Pelt will stop at nothing to retrieve the jewel, which gives him control of Jumanji's animals. They begin tackling the game's increasingly-difficult "levels", losing lives as they do so. The four are rescued by Alex (the missing fifth player, whose avatar is pilot Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough). Taking shelter in a jungle house built by Alan Parrish, Alex believes that he has been in the game for a few months and is distressed to learn that it is really twenty years. The newcomers vow to help him return home. They break into a transportation shed, commandeering a helicopter to fly to the jaguar statue and return the jewel, but Fridge drops the jewel into a herd of white rhinoceros. Spencer uses one of Fridge's lives, pushing him out of the helicopter as a distraction, and retrieves the jewel. Alex loses his last life when a mosquito bites him, but Bethany performs CPR and transfers one of her lives to him.

text: At the statue, the players are surrounded by a pack of jaguars and Van Pelt's forces. They outmaneuver their opposition while Spencer and Martha race to the statue. Van Pelt confronts Martha (trapped in a pit of mambas) and demands the jewel, but she sacrifices one of her lives to re-spawn and get it to Spencer. With the players on their last lives, they end the game with Van Pelt disintegrating into a bunch of rats and return to the real world; Nigel bids them farewell, but Alex does not appear with them. They find the formerly-dilapidated Vreeke home restored and decorated for a Christmas family gathering. An adult Alex arrives, returning to where he left off in 1996. Now married with children, he named his eldest daughter after Bethany out of gratitude for saving his life and introduces them to his infant son, Andy.

text: Spencer and Fridge reconcile, Bethany begins caring for others more than herself and plans a summer backpacking adventure, Martha and Spencer become romantically involved and the four are now friends after their experiences in the game. When they hear Jumanji's drumbeats, they bring the game behind the school and Fridge destroys it with a bowling ball (also found in detention) to prevent anyone from playing it again.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Players[edit]

text:
Dwayne Johnson as Smolder Bravestone, an Indiana Jones-like archaeologist and explorer who is Spencer's avatar; he is the leader of his team.

Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin, a nerdy gamer at Brantford High School. Panphobic; his experience as Smolder Bravestone helps him cope with his anxiety and develop assertiveness.

Jack Black as Sheldon "Shelly" Oberon, a cartographer, cryptographer, archaeologist, and paleontologist who is Bethany's avatar.

Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker, a pretty, popular, self-centered teenage girl at Brantford High School.

Kevin Hart as Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, a zoologist and weapons specialist who is Fridge's avatar.

Ser'Darius Blain as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson, a Brantford High School football jock coasting on his athletic prowess who cares more about dating than studying.

Karen Gillan as Ruby Roundhouse, a Lara Croft-like commando, martial artist, and dance fighter who is Martha's avatar.

Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, a shy and cynical intellectual at Brantford High School who believes that physical education is needless and dislikes popular peers like Bethany and Fridge.

Nick Jonas as Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough, a young aircraft pilot in Jumanji who is Alex Vreeke's avatar.[8]

Mason Guccione as Alex Vreeke, a teenage gamer who played (and was trapped inside) the Jumanji video game for 20 years. Colin Hanks plays the adult Alex when he appears 20 years later.

text: Game[edit]

text:
Bobby Cannavale as Russel Van Pelt, an archeologist-turned-mercenary and an enemy of Smolder Bravestone. He tries to retrieve the Jaguar's Eye, whose power possesses him.
Rhys Darby as Nigel Billingsley, the main guide.
William Tokarsky as a food vendor.
Rohan Chand as a young guide at the bazaar.

text: Reality[edit]

text:
Marc Evan Jackson as Principal Bentley, who makes Spencer, Bethany, Fridge, and Martha clean up the basement as part of their detention.
Carlease Burke as Miss Mathers, Spencer and Fridge's U.S. History teacher.
Sean Buxton as Alex's father, who discovered the Jumanji game.

Tim Matheson (uncredited) as Old Man Vreeke, the older Alex's father. His narration at the beginning of the film implies that seeing his son teleported into the game had traumatized him. After Alex's return to him year later alters history, he is a happy family man and close to his son and grandchildren.

Maribeth Monroe as Bethany's English teacher.
Missi Pyle as Coach Webb, Martha, Alex, and Bethany's gym teacher.
Kat Altman as Lucinda, Bethany's friend.
Marin Hinkle as Spencer's mother.
Tracey Bonner as Fridge's mother.
Natasha Charles Parker as Bethany's mother.
Michael Shacket as Fussfeld, a friend of Spencer at Brantford High School who is infatuated with Bethany.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In July 2012, rumors circulated that a remake of Jumanji was in development. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Columbia Pictures president Doug Belgrad said: "We're going to try and reimagine Jumanji and update it for the present."[9] On August 1, 2012, it was confirmed that Matthew Tolmach would produce the new version with William Teitler (who produced the original film).[10]

text: In August 2015, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced that the film was scheduled for release on December 25, 2016.[11] Online reception to the news was negative, with some saying that the announcement came too soon after the August 2014 death of Robin Williams (who played Alan Parrish in the original film).[12][13] The announcement was criticized by Bradley Pierce (who played Peter Shepherd in Jumanji) and by E! News, which called the remake "unnecessary and kind of insulting".[14][15] On October 23, 2015, Scott Rosenberg was hired to rewrite the script for the film, whose production was a high priority for the studio.[16] On January 14, 2016, Deadline Hollywood reported that Jake Kasdan had been hired to direct the film from a script by Rosenberg and Jeff Pinkner based on a draft by original writers Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers.[17]

text: On April 15, Variety reported that Dwayne Johnson and Kevin Hart were in early talks to star in the film (although both actors had other projects).[18] Later in the month, Johnson confirmed his casting on Instagram.[19] In July, it was reported that Nick Jonas had joined the film's cast with Johnson, Hart, and Jack Black.[20] The following month, Johnson said that the film would not be a reboot but a continuation of the 1995 film;[21] Karen Gillan was announced as part of the cast.[22] On September 20, Ser'Darius Blain was cast as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson and Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker. Two days later, Rhys Darby was cast as Nigel Billingsley, Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, and Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin.[23][24][25] In November 2016, Bobby Cannavale announced his casting in the film,[26] and in December 2016, Tim Matheson joined the cast as Old Man Vreeke.[27] Although James Newton Howard was originally signed to compose the film's score,[28] he was replaced by Henry Jackman when the film's release date was postponed six months.[1]

text: In March 2017, during CinemaCon, it was announced that the film's complete title was Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle. Its plot involved teenagers cleaning out a school's basement who find a vintage video-game version of Jumanji and are sucked into the first film's jungle setting. Although fans debated whether the film was a sequel or a reboot, the second trailer (released on September 20, 2017) indicated that the sequel is set twenty-one years after the first.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on September 19, 2016, in Honolulu, Hawaii,[18][29] primarily at the Kualoa Ranch nature reserve.[30] The film wrapped on December 8 in Atlanta, Georgia.[31]

text: Release[edit]

text: In August 2015, Sony gave the film a release date of December 25, 2016.[32] Since filming did not begin until September 2016, the release was pushed back to July 28 and then to December 20, 2017.[2]

text: On November 29, 2017, it was announced that Amazon Prime members in the United States would have early access to tickets for a December 8 screening of the film at select Regal, National Amusements, ArcLight Cinemas and AMC theaters.[33] The screenings sold out at 1,200 theaters and earned $1.9 million.[34] The film was released on IMAX 2D on January 12, 2018.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle was released on Digital HD on March 6, 2018 and on DVD, Blu-ray and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on March 20, although the film was still in theatres. The Blu-ray and digital versions include two additional featurettes: "Surviving the Jungle: Spectacular Stunts!" and "Book to Board Game to Big Screen & Beyond! Celebrating The Legacy of Jumanji."[35]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of June 3, 2018[update], Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle has grossed $404.5 million in the United States and Canada and $557.4 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $962 million.[5] On April 10, 2018, the film passed Spider-Man ($403.7 million) to become Sony's highest-grossing film domestically. Deadline Hollywood calculated its net profit as $305.7 million when factoring all expenses and revenues, making it 2017's fourth-most-profitable release.[36]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, the film was released on December 20, 2017 with The Greatest Showman and was projected to gross about $60 million from 3,765 theaters in its six-day opening weekend; the studio predicted a $45 million debut.[37][38] It earned $7.2 million on its first day and $7.6 million on its second day. Over the three-day weekend, the film grossed $36.2 million (for a six-day total of $71.9 million), finishing second at the box office behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi.[4] Its earnings increased to $50.1 million during its second weekend, again finishing in second place at the box office.[39] The 38.4-percent weekend-to-weekend increase was the fourth-largest for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters; The Greatest Showman set the record for best hold the same weekend.[40][41] The film passed Star Wars: The Last Jedi for the top spot the following weekend, declining 28.1 percent to $36 million,[42] and finished first again the following week with $28.1 million (and a total of $35.2 million over the four-day MLK weekend).[43] Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle remained atop the box office for its third weekend, earning $19.5 million.[44]

text: It again topped the box office the following week with $20 million, despite the release of 12 Strong and Den of Thieves.[45] The film continued to do well the following week, dropping 16 percent (to $16.4 million) and finishing second to Maze Runner: The Death Cure,[46] before regaining the top spot the following weekend with $11.1 million.[47]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 76% based on 189 reviews, and an average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle uses a charming cast and a humorous twist to offer an undemanding yet solidly entertaining update on its source material."[48] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, the film has a normalized score of 58 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[49] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 84% overall positive score.[4]

text: Dave White of TheWrap praised the cast and called the film a pleasant surprise: "Jumanji: Welcome to The Jungle is the Christmas tentpole release that aims to please and succeeds, a funny family entertainment product that subverts more expectations than it was obligated to contractually".[50] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a C grade, calling it unnecessary but mildly amusing: "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle is further proof that even the stalest whiff of brand recognition has become preferable to originality. Only part of the blame for that belongs to the studios but after cannibalizing themselves for much of the last 20 years, Hollywood has clearly eaten their way down to the crumbs".[51] For Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote: "Excitement! Suspense! Childlike innocence! Ingeniously staged action set pieces! These are a few of the things you will not find, anywhere, in Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle ... It's supposed to be a board game come to life but really, it's just a bored game."[52]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

Kids Choice Awards
March 2018
Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle
Won
[53]

Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Actor
Dwayne Johnson
Won

Kevin Hart
Nominated

Saturn Awards
June 2018
Best Fantasy Film
Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle
Pending
[54]

MTV Movie & TV Awards
June 2018
Best Comedic Performance
Jack Black
Nominated

Best On-Screen Team
Dwayne Johnson, Kevin Hart, Jack Black, Karen Gillan and Nick Jonas
Nominated

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black and Nick Jonas discussed Jumanji 3's plot in interviews, including the possibility of the film's exploring the origins of the game. According to Karen Gillan, the alternate ending of Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle would have left the door open for another installment.[55][56][57][58] In February 2018 it was announced that Kasdan would direct the sequel, with Rosenberg and Pinkner again writing the script and Johnson, Hart, Black and Gillan reprising their roles.[59] In April 2018, Sony set the film for a December 2019 release.[60]