document_title: Canada at the Olympics

question_text: who has won the most olympic medals for canada

text: Canada at the Olympics

text: Hosted Games[edit]

text: Canada has hosted the Olympic games three times: the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, and the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.

text:
Games
Host city
Dates
Nations
Participants
Events

1976 Summer Olympics
Montreal
17 July – 1 August
92
6,028
123

1988 Winter Olympics
Calgary
13 – 28 February
57
1,423
46

2010 Winter Olympics
Vancouver
12 – 28 February
83
2,629
86

text: Medal tables[edit]

text: Summer games[edit]

text:
Games
Athletes
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Rank

 1896 Athens
did not participate

 1900 Paris
2
1
0
1
2
13

 1904 St. Louis
52
4
1
1
6
4

 1908 London
87
3
3
10
16
7

 1912 Stockholm
37
3
2
3
8
9

 1920 Antwerp
53
3
3
3
9
12

 1924 Paris
65
0
3
1
4
20

 1928 Amsterdam
69
4
4
7
15
10

 1932 Los Angeles
102
2
5
8
15
12

 1936 Berlin
97
1
3
5
9
17

 1948 London
118
0
1
2
3
25

 1952 Helsinki
107
1
2
0
3
21

 1956 Melbourne
92
2
1
3
6
15

 1960 Rome
85
0
1
0
1
32

 1964 Tokyo
115
1
2
1
4
22

 1968 Mexico City
138
1
3
1
5
23

 1972 Munich
208
0
2
3
5
27

 1976 Montreal (host nation)
385
0
5
6
11
27

 1980 Moscow
did not participate

 1984 Los Angeles
407
10
18
16
44
6

 1988 Seoul
328
3
2
5
10
19

 1992 Barcelona
295
7
4
7
18
11

 1996 Atlanta
303
3
11
8
22
21

 2000 Sydney
294
3
3
8
14
24

 2004 Athens
263
3
6
3
12
21

 2008 Beijing
332
3
9
8
20
19

 2012 London
281
1
6
11
18
36

 2016 Rio de Janeiro
314
4
3
15
22
20

 2020 Tokyo
Future event

Total
63
103
136
302
20

text: Canada also won 1 gold medal and 1 silver medal at the 1906 Summer Olympics, which the IOC no longer recognizes as an official Olympic games, so those medals are not counted in this table.

text:
Sport
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

 Athletics
14
15
31
60

 Rowing
9
17
15
41

 Swimming
8
15
26
49

 Canoeing and kayaking (sprint)
4
10
10
24

 Shooting
4
3
2
9

 Boxing
3
7
7
17

 Freestyle wrestling
3
7
7
17

 Synchronized swimming
3
4
1
8

 Trampoline gymnastics
2
3
2
7

 Equestrian (jumping)
2
2
1
5

 Lacrosse
2
0
1
3

 Diving
1
4
8
13

 Track cycling
1
2
5
8

 Triathlon
1
1
0
2

 Football
1
0
2
3

 Golf
1
0
0
1

 Artistic gymnastics
1
0
0
1

 Rhythmic gymnastics
1
0
0
1

 Tennis
1
0
0
1

 Sailing
0
3
6
9

 Weightlifting
0
3
1
4

 Judo
0
2
3
5

 Mountain biking
0
2
1
3

 Road cycling
0
1
2
3

 Taekwondo
0
1
1
2

 Basketball
0
1
0
1

 Equestrian (dressage)
0
0
1
1

 Equestrian (eventing)
0
0
1
1

 Beach volleyball
0
0
1
1

 Rugby sevens
0
0
1
1

Total*
62
103
136
301

text: *One of Canada's Ice Hockey gold medals was won during the 1920 Summer Olympics. This table does not include this medal, resulting in the discrepancy between the medals by games and medals by sports tables.

text: Canada has never won an Olympic medal in the following current summer sports: Archery, Badminton, BMX, Canoeing and kayaking - Slalom, Fencing, Field hockey, Greco-Roman Wrestling, Handball, Indoor Volleyball, Modern pentathlon, Table tennis, and Water polo.

text: Winter games[edit]

text:
Games
Athletes
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total
Rank

 1924 Chamonix
12
1
0
0
1
8

 1928 St. Moritz
23
1
0
0
1
5

 1932 Lake Placid
42
1
1
5
7
4

 1936 Garmisch-Partenkirchen
29
0
1
0
1
9

 1948 St. Moritz
28
2
0
1
3
6

 1952 Oslo
39
1
0
1
2
6

 1956 Cortina d'Ampezzo
37
0
1
2
3
10

 1960 Squaw Valley
44
2
1
1
4
7

 1964 Innsbruck
55
1
1
1
3
10

 1968 Grenoble
70
1
1
1
3
13

 1972 Sapporo
47
0
1
0
1
17

 1976 Innsbruck
59
1
1
1
3
11

 1980 Lake Placid
59
0
1
1
2
14

 1984 Sarajevo
67
2
1
1
4
8

 1988 Calgary
112
0
2
3
5
13

 1992 Albertville
108
2
3
2
7
9

 1994 Lillehammer
95
3
6
4
13
7

 1998 Nagano
144
6
5
4
15
4

 2002 Salt Lake City
150
7
3
7
17
4

 2006 Turin
196
7
10
7
24
5

 2010 Vancouver
206
14
7
5
26
1

 2014 Sochi
220
10
10
5
25
3

 2018 Pyeongchang
226
11
8
10
29
3

 2022 Beijing
Future event

Total
73
64
62
199
5

text:
Sport
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

 Ice hockey
13
6
3
22

 Freestyle skiing
12
9
4
25

 Speed skating
9
13
15
37

 Short track speed skating
9
12
12
33

 Figure skating
6
11
12
29

 Curling
6
3
2
11

 Bobsleigh
5
2
2
9

 Snowboarding
4
4
3
11

 Alpine skiing
4
1
6
11

 Skeleton
2
1
1
4

 Cross-country skiing
2
1
0
3

 Biathlon
2
0
1
3

 Luge
0
1
1
2

Total*
74
64
62
200

text: *One of Canada's ice hockey gold medals was won during the 1920 Summer Olympics. This table includes this medal, resulting in the discrepancy between the medals by games and medals by sports tables.

text: Canada has never won an Olympic medal in the following current winter sports: Nordic combined and Ski jumping.

text: Records[edit]

text: In 2012, Equestrian show jumper Ian Millar competed at his tenth Summer Olympics, tying the record for most Olympic games participated in set by Austrian sailor Hubert Raudaschl between 1964 and 1996. He has been named to eleven straight Olympic teams, but did not compete at the 1980 Summer Olympics due to the Canadian boycott.[1] In 2008 he won his first medal, a silver medal in the team jumping event.[2]

text: Clara Hughes is the first and only Olympian of any country or gender, to win multiple medals at both the Winter and the Summer Games, with two Summer and four Winter medals.[3] Clara Hughes and Cindy Klassen hold the record for most Olympic medals won by a Canadian of either gender, with six each.[3] Cindy Klassen holds the record for most Winter medals won by a Canadian of either gender, with six.[3]

text: Catriona Le May Doan became the first Canadian to defend their gold medal at the Olympics. She repeated her gold medal in the women's 500m long track speedskating event at the 2002 Salt Lake City Olympics from the 1998 Nagano Olympics.[4][5]

text: Alexandre Bilodeau became the first freestyle skiing gold medallist to defend his Olympic title, and first repeat gold medallist, winning the men's moguls at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics. He became the second Canadian to defend their Olympic gold, and first man.[4][5][6]

text: Trampoline gymnast Rosie MacLennan was the first Canadian to defend their gold medal in an individual sport at the Summer Olympics. She won gold both at the 2012 and 2016 Summer Games, becoming the first Olympian to defend their title in that discipline.[7]

text: After captaining the women's ice hockey team to gold at the 2014 Winter Olympics, Caroline Ouellette became the first Winter Olympian of any country or gender to enter four or more career events and win gold in each.[8] Oullette had previously won gold in ice hockey in 2002, 2006, and 2010.

text: Jennifer Jones skipped the Canadian women's team at the 2014 Winter Olympics to a Gold medal. She is the first ever female skip in Olympic history to be undefeated throughout the tournament. Jones, Kaitlyn Lawes, Jill Officer, Dawn McEwen and spare Kirsten Wall went unbeaten with an 11-0 record defeating China, Sweden (round-robin and finals), Great Britain (round-robin and semi-finals), Denmark, Switzerland, Japan, Russia, the United States, and Korea.[9][10]

text: During the 2016 Summer Olympics, swimmer Penny Oleksiak became the first Canadian of either gender to win four medals in the same Summer Games and the country's youngest Olympic champion at the age of 16 with a gold in the 100 m freestyle, a silver in the 100 m butterfly, and two bronzes in the women's freestyle relays (4 × 100 m and 4 × 200 m).[11] She became the first Olympic champion born in the 2000s. The bronze medal she captured at the women's 4 × 100 m freestyle relay a few days earlier also made her the first Olympic medalist born in the 2000s along with teammate Taylor Ruck.[12]

text: After capturing gold in 2010 Winter Olympics, Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir became the first ice dancers from North America to win an Olympic gold medal, ending the 34-year streak of the Europeans. They were the first ice dance team to win the Olympic gold on home ice and the first ice dancers to win gold in their Olympic debut. They are the youngest pair ever to win an Olympic title at 20 and 22 respectively. They went on to win two more silver medals in 2014 Winter Olympics and two more gold medals in 2018 Winter Olympics, making them the most decorated figure skaters in Olympic history.

text: Although not an Olympian, broadcaster Richard Garneau covered 23 Olympic Games, more than any other journalist in the world, starting with Rome in 1960 to London in 2012, missing only the Atlanta and Nagano Games. The International Olympic Committee awarded him posthumously the Pierre de Coubertin medal in recognition of his exceptional service to the Olympic movement.[13]

text: Top Medal earners[edit]

text: Years in bolded text are Olympics at which that competitor won a medal.

text:
Athlete
Sport
Type
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Klassen, CindyCindy Klassen
Speed skating
Winter
2002, 2006, 2010
1
2
3
6

Hughes, ClaraClara Hughes
Cycling
Summer
1996, 2000, 2012
0
0
2
6

Speed skating
Winter
2002, 2006, 2010
1
1
2

Hefford, JaynaJayna Hefford
Ice hockey
Winter
1998, 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014
4
1
0
5

Wickenheiser, HayleyHayley Wickenheiser

Moir, ScottScott Moir
Figure skating
Winter
2010, 2014, 2018
3
2
0
5

Virtue, TessaTessa Virtue

Hamelin, CharlesCharles Hamelin
Short track
Winter
2006, 2010, 2014, 2018
3
1
1
5

Gagnon, MarcMarc Gagnon
Short track
Winter
1994, 1998, 2002
3
0
2
5

Tremblay, François-LouisFrançois-Louis Tremblay
Short track
Winter
2002, 2006, 2010
2
2
1
5

Thompson, LesleyLesley Thompson
Rowing
Summer
1984, 1988, 1992, 1996, 2000,
2008, 2012, 2016
1
3
1
5

Edwards, PhilPhil Edwards
Athletics
Summer
1928, 1932, 1936
0
0
5
5

Ouellette, CarolineCaroline Ouellette
Ice hockey
Winter
2002, 2006, 2010, 2014
4
0
0
4

Botterill, JenniferJennifer Botterill
Ice hockey
Winter
1998, 2002, 2006, 2010
3
1
0
4

Kellar, BeckyBecky Kellar

Agosta, MeghanMeghan Agosta
Ice hockey
Winter
2006, 2010, 2014, 2018
3
1
0
4

Heddle, KathleenKathleen Heddle
Rowing
Summer
1992, 1996
3
0
1
4

McBean, MarnieMarnie McBean

Bédard, ÉricÉric Bédard
Short track
Winter
1998, 2002, 2006
2
1
1
4

Boucher, GaétanGaétan Boucher
Speed skating
Winter
1976, 1980, 1984, 1988
2
1
1
4

Davis, VictorVictor Davis
Swimming
Summer
1984, 1988
1
3
0
4

Morrison, DennyDenny Morrison
Speed skating
Winter
2006, 2010, 2014, 2018
1
2
1
4

van Koeverden, AdamAdam van Koeverden
Kayaking
Summer
2004, 2008, 2012, 2016
1
2
1
4

Oleksiak, PennyPenny Oleksiak
Swimming
Summer
2016
1
1
2
4

Groves, KristinaKristina Groves
Speed skating
Winter
2002, 2006, 2010
0
3
1
4

Vicent, TaniaTania Vicent
Short track
Winter
1998, 2002, 2006, 2010
0
2
2
4

Heymans, ÉmilieÉmilie Heymans
Diving
Summer
2000, 2004, 2008, 2012
0
2
2
4

Wilson, AlexAlex Wilson
Athletics
Summer
1928, 1932
0
1
3
4

text: 3+ Medals at one Olympics[edit]

text:
Athlete
Sport
Olympics
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Edwards, PhilPhil Edwards
Athletics
1932 Summer
0
0
3 !800 m
1500 m
4×400 m relay
3

Wilson, AlexAlex Wilson
Athletics
1932 Summer
0
1 !800 m
2 !400 m
4×400 m relay
3

Tanner, ElaineElaine Tanner
Swimming
1968 Summer
0
2 !100 m backstroke
200 m backstroke
1 !4×100m freestyle
3

Davis, VictorVictor Davis
Swimming
1984 Summer
1 !200 m breaststroke
2 !100 m breaststroke
4×100 m medley
0
3

Ottenbrite, AnneAnne Ottenbrite
Swimming
1984 Summer
1 !200 m breaststroke
1 !100 m breaststroke
1 !4×100 m medley
3

Boucher, GaétanGaétan Boucher
Speed skating
1984 Winter
2 !1000 m
1500 m
0
1 !500 m
3

Gagnon, MarcMarc Gagnon
Short track
2002 Winter
2 !500 m
5000 m relay
0
1 !1500 m
3

Klassen, CindyCindy Klassen
Speed skating
2006 Winter
1 !1500 m
2 !1000 m
Team pursuit
2 !3000 m
5000 m
5

Oleksiak, PennyPenny Oleksiak
Swimming
2016 Summer
1 !100 m freestyle
1 !100 m butterfly
2 !4×100 m freestyle
4×200 m freestyle
4

De Grasse, AndreAndre De Grasse
Athletics
2016 Summer
0
1 !200 m
2 !100 m
4×100 m relay
3

Boutin, KimKim Boutin
Short track
2018 Winter
0
1 !1000 m
2 !500 m
1500 m
3


document_title: Home Town (TV series)

question_text: where does the tv show hometown take place

root

text: Home Town (TV series)

text:
Home Town

Starring
Ben Napier
Erin Napier

No. of seasons
1

No. of episodes
11

Release

Original network
HGTV

Original release
March 21, 2017 (2017-03-21) – present

External links

Website

tag: table

text: Home Town is an American television series starring husband and wife team Ben and Erin Napier that premiered on March 21, 2017 on HGTV. The married couple restores Southern homes in Laurel, Mississippi.[1]

tag: p


document_title: List of stations owned or operated by Sinclair Broadcast Group

question_text: what tv stations does sinclair own in kansas

text: Current television stations

text: By affiliation

text: This table includes satellite, semi-satellite, and Class A stations.

text:
Network
Primary
(DT1 Affiliation)
Sub-channel

ABC
33
7

Antenna TV
1
18

Azteca América
1
2

Bounce TV

1

CBS
27
3

Charge!

58

Comet
2
83

Cozi TV

2

CW+
3
14

The CW
22
9

Estrella TV

2

Fox
43
9

GetTV

6

Grit

3

Independent
2

Justice Network

1

MeTV
3
18

Movies!

4

MyNetworkTV
22
16

NBC
22
2

Stadium

42

TBD

74

Telemundo

1

This TV
2
13

UniMás
1

Univision
7

WeatherNation TV

2

text: By state and market

text: A blank affiliation indicates a subchannel not currently operational.[2]

text:
City of license / Market
Station
Channel
TV (RF)
Year acquired
DT1 affiliation
DT2 affiliation
DT3 affiliation
DT4 affiliation

Birmingham - Tuscaloosa - Anniston, AL
WTTO
21 (28)
1995
The CW
Antenna TV
Comet
TBD

WABM
68 (36)
2001
MyNetworkTV
ABC
(WBMA-LD simulcast)
weather

WDBB[a]
(Satellite of WTTO)
17 (18)
1995
The CW
ABC
(WBMA-LD simulcast)

WBMA-LD[b]
58 (40)
2014
ABC
weather
Stadium
Charge!

Mobile, AL & Pensacola, FL
WEAR-TV
3 (17)
1997
ABC
TBD
Charge!

WPMI-TV[c][d]
15 (15)
2012
NBC
WeatherNation TV
Stadium

WFGX
35 (50)
2001
MyNetworkTV & This TV
GetTV
Comet

WJTC[c][d]
44 (45)
2012
Independent
Grit

Little Rock, AR
KATV[b]
7 (22)
2014
ABC
Comet
Charge!
TBD

Bakersfield, CA
KBAK-TV[e]
29 (33)
2013
CBS
Charge!
Fox
(KBFX-CD simulcast)

KBFX-CD[e]
58 (29)
2013
Fox
TBD
Comet

Chico, CA - Redding, CA
KRCR-TV[f]
7 (7)
2017
ABC
MeTV
Movies!

KXVU-LP[f]
17
2017
Antenna TV

KCVU[a][f]
20 (20)
2017
Fox
Cozi TV

KRVU-LD[f]
21 (21)
2017
MyNetworkTV

KZVU-LD[f]
(Satellite of KRVU-LD)
22 (22)
2017

KUCO-LP[f]
27
2017
Univision

KKTF-LD[f]
30 (30)
2017
UniMás

Eureka, California & Arcata, CA
KAEF-TV[f]
(Semi-satellite of KRCR)
23 (22)
2017
ABC
MeTV
Movies!

KBVU [a][f]
(Semi-satellite of KCVU)
28 (28)
2017
Fox
Cozi TV

KECA-LD[f]
29 (29)
2017
CW+
MyNetworkTV

KEUV-LP[f]
31
2017
Univision

Fresno & Visalia, CA
KMPH-TV
26 (28)
2013
Fox
This TV
Comet
Stadium

KFRE-TV
59 (36)
2013
The CW
Estrella TV
TBD

Washington, DC
WJLA-TV[b]
7 (7)
2014
ABC
Charge!
Comet
TBD

Fort Pierce & West Palm Beach, FL
WPEC[g]
12 (13)
2012
CBS
WeatherNation TV
Comet

WTVX[h]
34 (34)
2012
The CW
Azteca América
(WWHB-CA simulcast)
MyNetworkTV
(WTCN-CA simulcast)

WTCN-CA[h]
43 (34.3)
2012
MyNetworkTV
Antenna TV
TBD

WWHB-CA[h]
48 (34.2)
2012
Azteca América
Charge!

Gainesville & High Springs, FL
WGFL[i]
28 (28)
2014
CBS
MyNetworkTV
(WMYG-LP simulcast)
TBD

WNBW-DT[i]
9 (9)
2014
NBC
Charge!
Comet
MeTV
(WYME-CD simulcast)

WMYG-LP[i]
11 (28.2)
2014
MyNetworkTV

WYME-CD[i]
45 (45)
2014
MeTV

Tallahassee, FL & Thomasville, GA
WTWC-TV[j]
40 (40)
1998
NBC
Fox
Charge!

WTLH[i]
49 (50)
2014
MeTV
CW+
(WTLF simulcast)
Comet

WTLF[i]
24 (24)
2014
CW+
Comet
TBD

Albany, GA
WFXL[k]
31 (12)
2013
Fox
TBD
Comet
Charge!

Macon, GA
WGXA
24 (16)
2014
Fox
ABC
Comet

Cedar Rapids - Waterloo -
Dubuque - Iowa City, IA
KGAN[j]
2 (29)
1998
CBS
GetTV
Comet

KFXA
28 (27)
[l]
Fox
Charge!
TBD
Stadium

Des Moines, IA
KDSM-TV[m]
17 (16)
1997
Fox
Comet
Charge!
TBD

Sioux City, IA
KPTH
44 (49)
2013
Fox
MyNetworkTV & This TV
Charge!

KMEG
14 (39)
[l]
CBS
TBD
Comet

Boise, ID
KBOI-TV[e]
2 (9)
2013
CBS
CW+
(KYUU-LD simulcast)
Charge!

KYUU-LD[e]
35 (28)
2013
CW+
TBD
Comet
Stadium

Lewiston, ID
KLEW-TV[e]
(KIMA-TV semi-satellite)
3 (32)
2013
CBS
Charge!
Comet

Champaign - Urbana -
Decatur - Springfield, IL
WICS[j]
20 (42)
1998
ABC
Comet
TBD
Charge!

WICD[j]
(WICS satellite)
15 (41)
1998
ABC
Comet
TBD
Charge!

WRSP-TV
55 (44)
[l]
Fox
MeTV
Antenna TV

WCCU
27 (26)

WBUI
22 (23)
[l]
The CW
This TV
Stadium

Peoria & Bloomington, IL
WHOI[k]
19 (19)
2013
Comet

WYZZ-TV[a][n]
43 (28)
1996
Fox
GetTV

South Bend, IN
WSBT-TV
22 (22)
2016
CBS
Fox

Wichita, KS
KSAS-TV[c]
24 (26)
2012
Fox
TBD
Comet

KAAS-TV[c]
17 (17)

KOCW[c]
17 (14)

KMTW[c]
36 (35)
[l]
MyNetworkTV
Stadium

Danville - Lexington, KY
WDKY-TV
56 (31)
2001
Fox
Comet
Charge!
TBD

Portland, ME
WGME-TV[j]
13 (38)
1998
CBS
TBD
Stadium

WPFO
23 (23)
[o]
Fox
Charge!
Comet

Baltimore, MD
WBFF[p]
45 (46)
1971
Fox
MyNetworkTV
TBD

WNUV[a]
54 (40)
1994
The CW
Antenna TV
Comet
Charge!

WUTB[d]
45.2 (46)
2013
MyNetworkTV

Flint - Saginaw - Bay City, MI
WEYI-TV[k][q]
25 (30)
2013
NBC
The CW
(WBSF simulcast)
TBD

WBSF[k][a]
46 (46)
2013
The CW
NBC
(WEYI-TV simulcast)
Charge!

WSMH
66 (16)
1996
Fox
Antenna TV
Comet
Stadium

Kalamazoo & Grand Rapids, MI
WWMT[g]
3 (8)
2012
CBS
The CW
Comet

Traverse City - Cadillac, MI
Cheboygan - Sault Ste. Marie, MI
WPBN-TV[k]
7 (47)
2013
NBC
ABC
(WGTU/WGTQ simulcast)
Comet

WTOM-TV[k]
4 (35)

WGTU[k][a]
29 (29)
2013
ABC
NBC
(WPBN-TV/WTOM-TV simulcast)

WGTQ[k][a]
8 (8)

Minneapolis & St. Paul, MN
WUCW
23 (22)
1998
The CW
Comet
Charge!
TBD

Cape Girardeau, MO - Paducah, KY -
Harrisburg, IL
KBSI
23 (22)
1998
Fox
MyNetworkTV
(WDKA simulcast)
Comet

WDKA
49 (49)
[l]
MyNetworkTV
Charge!
TBD
Stadium

Columbia - Jefferson City, MO
KRCG[k]
13 (12)
2013
CBS
Comet
Charge!
TBD

Hannibal, MO - Quincy, IL
KHQA-TV[k]
7 (7)
2013
CBS
ABC
Comet

Kirksville, MO - Ottumwa, IA
KTVO[k]
3 (33)
2013
ABC
CBS
Comet

St. Louis, MO
KDNL-TV[m]
30 (31)
1997
ABC
TBD
Charge!
Stadium

Missoula, MT
KECI-TV[f]
13 (13)
2017
NBC
MeTV
This TV

Kalispell, MT
KCFW-TV[f]
(Semi-satellite of KECI)
9 (9)
2017

Butte, MT
KTVM-TV[f]
(Semi-satellite of KECI)
6 (6)
2017

Bozeman, MT
KDBZ-CD[f]
(Satellite of KTVM)
42 (42)
2017

Hayes Center, NE
KWNB-TV
(Satellite of KHGI-TV)
6 (6)
2016
ABC
Fox
TBD

Kearney - Hastings, NE
KHGI-TV
13 (13)
2016
ABC
Fox
TBD

Lincoln, NE
KFXL-TV
51 (51)
2016
Fox

North Platte, NE
KHGI-CD
(Satellite of KHGI-TV)
13 (13)
2016
ABC

Omaha, NE
KPTM
42 (43)
2013
Fox
MyNetworkTV & This TV
Comet

KXVO
15 (39)
[l]
The CW
TBD
Charge!
Stadium

Elko, NV
KENV-DT
10 (10)
[r]
Comet

Las Vegas, NV
KSNV
3 (22)
1997
NBC
Estrella TV
Charge!
Stadium

KVCW
33 (29)
2000
The CW
MyNetworkTV
TBD
This TV

Reno, NV
KRNV-DT
4 (7)
[r]
NBC
This TV
TBD

KRXI-TV
11 (44)
2013
Fox
Charge!
Grit

KAME-TV[d]
21 (20)
2013
MyNetworkTV
Stadium
Comet

Buffalo, NY
WUTV[s]
29 (14)
1996
Fox
TBD
Grit

WNYO-TV
49 (49)
2001
MyNetworkTV
Stadium
Comet
GetTV

Rochester, NY
WHAM-TV[c][d]
13 (13)
2013
ABC
The CW
Charge!

WUHF[s]
31 (28)
1995
Fox
Antenna TV
Comet
TBD

Schenectady - Albany - Troy, NY
WRGB[g]
6 (6)
2012
CBS
TBD
Comet

WCWN[g]
45 (43)
2012
The CW
Charge!
CBS
(WRGB simulcast)
Stadium

Syracuse, NY
WSTM-TV[k]
3 (24)
2013
NBC
The CW
(WSTQ-LP simulcast)
Comet

WTVH
5 (47)
[t]
CBS
Charge!
TBD

WSTQ-LP[k]
14 (3.2)
2013
The CW

Asheville, NC
Greenville, SC & Spartanburg, SC
WLOS[m]
13 (13)
1997
ABC
MyNetworkTV
(WMYA-TV simulcast)
Antenna TV
Stadium

WMYA-TV[m][a]
40 (14)
1997
MyNetworkTV
Comet
TBD
Charge!

Greenville - New Bern - Morehead City, NC
WYDO[a][f]
14 (47)
2017
Fox
Bounce
Charge!
Stadium

WCTI-TV[f]
12 (12)
2017
ABC
Comet
Movies!
TBD

Raleigh - Durham, NC
WLFL
22 (27)
1994
The CW
Stadium
TBD
Antenna TV

WRDC
28 (28)
1995
MyNetworkTV
Charge!
Comet

Winston-Salem - Greensboro - High Point, NC
WXLV-TV[s]
45 (29)
1996
ABC
Stadium
Charge!
TBD

WMYV
48 (33)
2001
MyNetworkTV
GetTV
Comet

Cincinnati, OH
WKRC-TV[c]
12 (12)
2012
CBS
The CW
Stadium

WSTR-TV[l]
64 (33)
1995
MyNetworkTV
Antenna TV
Comet
TBD

Columbus & Chillicothe, OH
WSYX[m]
6 (48)
1997
ABC
MyNetworkTV & This TV
Antenna TV

WTTE[p][a]
28 (36)
1984
Fox
TBD
Stadium

WWHO[u]
53 (46)
2011
The CW
Charge!
Comet

Dayton, OH
WKEF
22 (51)
1998
ABC
Stadium
Antenna TV
TBD

WRGT-TV[s][a]
45 (30)
2001
Fox
MyNetworkTV & This TV
Comet
Charge!

Steubenville, OH & Wheeling, WV
WTOV-TV
9 (9)
2013
NBC
Fox
MeTV

Toledo, OH
WNWO-TV[k]
24 (49)
2013
NBC
Stadium
Comet
TBD

Oklahoma City, OK
KOKH-TV
25 (24)
2003
Fox
Charge!
Stadium

KOCB
34 (33)
1996
The CW
TBD
Comet

Tulsa, OK
KTUL[b]
8 (10)
2014
ABC
Comet
Charge!
TBD

Eugene, OR
Coos Bay, OR
Roseburg, OR
KVAL-TV[e]
13 (25)
2013
CBS
TBD
Charge!

KCBY-TV[e]
11 (21)

KPIC[e][v]
4 (19)

KMTR[e]
16 (17)
[l]
NBC
CW+
Comet

KMCB[e]
23 (22)

KTCW[e]
46 (45)

Medford, OR
KTVL[g]
10 (10)
2012
CBS
CW+
Comet
TBD

Portland, OR
KATU[e]
2 (43)
2013
ABC
MeTV
Comet
Stadium

KUNP[e]
16 (16)
2013
Univision
TBD
Charge!

Harrisburg - Lancaster - Lebanon - York, PA
WHP-TV[c]
21 (21)
2012
CBS
MyNetworkTV
The CW

Johnstown & Altoona, PA
WJAC-TV
6 (34)
2013
NBC
MeTV
Comet
TBD

WWCP-TV[w]
8 (8)
2016
Fox
ABC

'WATM-TV’[w]
23 (24)
2016
ABC
Fox
This TV
Antenna TV

Pittsburgh, PA
WPGH-TV
53 (43)
1991
Fox
Antenna TV
Charge!

WPNT[p]
22 (42)
2000[x]
MyNetworkTV
Stadium
Comet
TBD

Scranton - Wilkes-Barre, PA
WOLF-TV[i]
56 (45)
2014
Fox
The CW
(WSWB simulcast)
MyNetworkTV
(WQMY simulcast)

WQMY[i]
53 (29)
2014
MyNetworkTV
Fox
(WOLF-TV simulcast)
The CW
(WSWB simulcast)

WSWB[i]
38 (31)
2014
The CW
MeTV
Comet
Stadium

Providence, RI & New Bedford, MA
WJAR
10 (50)
2014
NBC
MeTV
Comet
TBD

Charleston, SC
WTAT-TV[s][a]
24 (24)
1995
Fox
Justice Network
Comet

WCIV
36 (36)
1998
MyNetworkTV
ABC
MeTV

Columbia, SC
WACH[k]
57 (48)
2013
Fox
Stadium
Comet
TBD

Florence & Myrtle Beach, SC
WPDE-TV[k]
15 (16)
2013
ABC
weather
Comet
TBD

WWMB[q]
21 (21)
2013
The CW
CW+
Stadium
Charge

Hardeeville, SC & Savannah, GA
WTGS
28 (28)
2014
Fox
Comet
Antenna TV
TBD

Chattanooga, TN
WTVC[g]
9 (9)
2012
ABC
Fox
TBD

WDSI-TV[i]
61 (40)
2015
This TV
Comet

WFLI-TV[i]
53 (42)
2015
The CW
MyNetworkTV
MeTV
Charge!

Nashville, TN
WZTV
17 (15)
1994
Fox
TBD
Antenna TV

WUXP
30 (21)
2000
MyNetworkTV
GetTV
Comet

WNAB
58 (23)
[y]
The CW
Stadium
Charge!

Abilene, TX
KTXS-TV[f]
12 (12)
2017
ABC
CW+
MeTV

KTES-LD[f]
40 (40)
2017
MeTV

Amarillo, TX & Clovis, NM
KVII-TV[k]
7 (7)
2013
ABC
CW+
Comet
Stadium

KVIH-TV[k]
12 (12)

Austin, TX
KEYE-TV[h]
42 (43)
2012
CBS
Telemundo

Beaumont & Port Arthur, TX
KBTV-TV[d]
4 (40)
2012
Fox
TBD
Comet

KFDM[g]
6 (21)
2012
CBS
CW+
Charge!

El Paso, TX
Las Cruces, NM
KDBC-TV
4 (18)
2013
CBS
MyNetworkTV, TBD & Stadium
MeTV

KFOX-TV
14 (15)
2013
Fox
Comet
Charge!

Harlingen, TX & the Rio Grande Valley
KGBT-TV[k]
4 (31)
2013
CBS
Azteca America
Comet

San Angelo, TX
KTXE-LD[f]
(Satellite of KTXS)
38 (38)
2017
ABC
CW+
MeTV

San Antonio – Kerrville, TX
KMYS[d]
35 (32)
2001
The CW
Stadium

WOAI-TV[c]
4 (48)
2012
NBC
Antenna TV
Charge!

KABB[m]
29 (30)
1997
Fox
Comet
TBD

Salt Lake City, UT
KUTV[h]
2 (34)
2012
CBS
MyNetworkTV

KJZZ-TV
14 (46)
2016
Independent
Comet
TBD
Charge!

St. George, UT
KMYU[h]
12 (9)
2012
MyNetworkTV
CBS

Bristol, VA & Greeneville, TN & Johnson City, TN & Kingsport, TN
WCYB-TV[f]
5 (5)
2017
NBC
The CW
Comet

WEMT [a][f]
39 (38)
2017[z]
Fox
Movies!
Charge!
TBD

Lynchburg & Roanoke, VA
WSET-TV[b]
13 (13)
2014
ABC
Stadium
Comet
TBD

Norfolk, VA & Hampton Roads
WTVZ-TV
33 (33)
1996
MyNetworkTV
Stadium
Comet
TBD

Richmond, VA
WRLH-TV[s]
35 (26)
1998
Fox
MyNetworkTV & TBD
Comet
Charge!

Seattle & Tacoma, WA
KOMO-TV[e]
4 (38)
2013
ABC
Comet
Charge!

KUNS-TV[e]
51 (50)
2013
Univision
TBD
Stadium

Yakima, WA & Pasco & Kennewick, WA
KIMA-TV[e]
29 (33)
2013
CBS
CW+
Stadium

KEPR-TV[e]
19 (18)

KUNW-CD[e]
2 (30)
2013
Univision
Comet
TDB
Charge!

KVVK-CD[e]
15 (15)

KORX-CD[e]
16

Charleston & Huntington, WV
WCHS-TV
8 (41)
1997
ABC
Antenna TV
Charge!
TBD

WVAH-TV[s][a]
11 (19)
1994
Fox
Stadium
Comet

Green Bay, WI & the Fox Cities, WI
WLUK-TV
11 (11)
2014
Fox
Antenna TV
TBD

WCWF
14 (21)
2014
The CW
Comet
Charge!
Stadium

Madison, WI
WMSN-TV
47 (49)
2002
Fox
Comet
Charge!
TBD

Milwaukee, WI
WVTV
18 (18.1)
2000
The CW

WVTV-DT2[aa]
24 (18.2)
1995
MyNetworkTV
Comet

text: Notes:

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Station is nominally owned by Cunningham Broadcasting and operated by Sinclair under local marketing agreements. However, Cunningham Broadcasting's stock is almost completely controlled by trusts in the names of members of Sinclair's founding Smith family.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Station was owned by Allbritton Communications prior to its acquisition by Sinclair in 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j Station was acquired from Newport Television in 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Station is nominally owned by Deerfield Media and operated by Sinclair under local marketing agreements.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Station was owned by Fisher Communications prior to its acquisition by Sinclair in 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Station was owned by Bonten Media Group prior to its acquisition by Sinclair in 2017.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Station was owned by Freedom Communications prior to its acquisition by Sinclair in 2012.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Station that was owned by Four Points Media Group prior to its acquisition by Sinclair in 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k Station is owned by New Age Media or MPS Media and operated by Sinclair under a master service agreement.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Station was owned by Guy Gannett Communications prior to its acquisition by Sinclair in 1998.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Station was owned by Barrington Broadcasting prior to its acquisition by Sinclair in 2013.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i Station is owned by a local independent or private company and operated by Sinclair under a local marketing agreement.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Station was owned by River City Broadcasting prior to its merger with Sinclair in 1997.
Jump up ^ Station is owned by Cunningham Broadcasting and operated by Nexstar Media Group under a local marketing agreement.
Jump up ^ Station is owned by Corporate Media Consultants Group (itself 49% owned by Max Media) and operated by Sinclair. The station's license assets are in the process of being transferred to Cunningham Broadcasting, pending FCC approval.
^ Jump up to: a b c Station was built and signed-on by Sinclair.
^ Jump up to: a b Station is nominally owned by Howard Stirk Holdings (owned by Armstrong Williams) and operated by Sinclair under local marketing agreements.
^ Jump up to: a b Station is owned by Cunningham Broadcasting and operated by Sinclair.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Station was owned by Act III Broadcasting prior to its acquisition by Sinclair between 1994 and 1996.
Jump up ^ Station is owned by Granite Broadcasting and operated by Sinclair under a shared services agreement.
Jump up ^ Station is owned by Manhan Media and operated by Sinclair under a shared services agreement.
Jump up ^ Station's license is held by South West Oregon TV Broadcasting Corporation, which is 50% owned by Sinclair and 50% owned by California Oregon Broadcasting, Inc.
^ Jump up to: a b The station is owned by Horseshoe Curve Communications or Palm Television and operated by Sinclair under a master service agreement with Cunningham Broadcasting or Horseshoe Curve Communications.
Jump up ^ Sinclair owned WPNT from its 1978 launch (as WPTT-TV) until selling it to its operations manager, Eddie Edwards, in 1991 after acquiring WPGH-TV; Edwards would sell the station back to Sinclair in 2000.
Jump up ^ Station is owned by Tennessee Broadcasting, LP, an affiliate company of Beverly Hills-based Lambert Broadcasting, and its operations are managed by Sinclair under an outsourcing agreement. Sinclair filed an application to acquire the station outright under an FCC "failing station" waiver in July 2005 but the FCC has not acted on the application as of 2014[update]—and will likely either reject the application or continue to not act on it unless Sinclair sells off either WZTV or WUXP due to current rules prohibiting one company from directly owning more than two full-power television stations in the same market.
Jump up ^ Sinclair owned WEMT from 1998 until it was sold to Aurora Broadcasting in 2006; Sinclair reassumed control of the station in 2017 when then-owners Esteem Broadcasting sold the station to Cummingham Broadcasting.
Jump up ^ The station was formerly a separate full-power station as WCGV-TV until January 2018, when its license was turned in to the FCC after the selling of its spectrum in the 2016 auction. In order to acquire Tribune's WITI in the same market, Sinclair chose to turn in WCGV's channel 25 digital license and merge its subchannels onto WVTV's, but was able to retain the former channel number, thus it continues to virtually operate as its own station despite being a subchannel of WVTV, but WITI would be able to be acquired as the new WCGV intellectual unit is a subchannel in technicality.

tag: ol

text: Radio stations

text:
AM Stations
FM Stations

text:
Market
Station
Owned Since
Current Format

Seattle-Tacoma, WA
KVI/570
2013
Conservative talk

KOMO/1000
2013
All-news

KOMO-FM/97.7[A]
2013
Simulcasts KOMO (AM)

KPLZ-FM/101.5
2013
Hot adult contemporary

text: Notes:

text: Jump up ^ KOMO-FM is owned by South Sound Broadcasting, but operated by Sinclair under a local marketing agreement.

text: Former Sinclair-owned stations

text:
City of license / Market
Station
Channel
TV (RF)
Years owned
Current ownership status

Anniston, AL
WJSU-TV
40 (9)
2014–2015[i]
Heroes & Icons affiliate, WGWW, owned by Howard Stirk Holdings

Tuscaloosa, AL
WCFT-TV
33 (33)
2014–2015[i]
Heroes & Icons affiliate, WSES, owned by Howard Stirk Holdings

Stockton - Sacramento, CA
KOVR
13 (25)
1997–2005
CBS owned-and-operated station, owned by CBS Television Stations

Colorado Springs - Pueblo, CO
KXRM-TV
21 (22)
2013–2014
Fox affiliate, owned by Nexstar Media Group

KXTU-LD
57 (20)
2013–2014
The CW affiliate, owned by Nexstar Media Group

St. Petersburg - Tampa, FL
WTTA
38 (32)
1991–2014
MyNetworkTV affiliate, owned by Nexstar Media Group

Tallahassee, FL - Thomasville, GA
WTXL-TV
27 (27)
2001–2006[ii]
ABC affiliate, owned by Raycom Media

Idaho Falls - Pocatello, ID
KIDK
3 (36)
2013
CBS affiliate, owned by VistaWest Media, LLC[iii]

KXPI-LD
34 (34)
2013
Fox affiliate, owned by VistaWest Media, LLC[iii]

Bloomington - Indianapolis, IN
WIIB
63 (27)
1988–1997
Ion owned-and-operated station, WIPX-TV, owned by Ion Media Networks

WTTV
4 (48)
1997–2002
CBS affiliate, owned by Tribune Broadcasting

Kokomo, IN
WTTK
(satellite of WTTV)
29 (29)
1997–2002
CBS affiliate, owned by Tribune Broadcasting

Springfield - Holyoke, MA
WGGB-TV
40 (40)
1998–2007
ABC affiliate ,owned by Meredith Corporation

New Bedford, MA - Providence, RI
WLWC
28 (22)
2012–2013
Ion Life affiliate, owned by OTA Broadcasting

Lansing, MI
WLAJ
53 (51)
2012–2013
ABC affiliate, owned by Shield Media, LLC[iv]

Marquette, MI
WLUC-TV
6 (35)
2013–2016
NBC affiliate, owned by Gray Television

Kansas City, MO
KSMO-TV
62 (47)
1996–2005
MyNetworkTV affiliate, owned by Meredith Corporation

Plattsburgh, NY - Burlington, VT
WPTZ
5 (14)
1997–1998
NBC affiliate, owned by Hearst Television

Syracuse, NY
WNYS-TV
43 (44)
[v]
MyNetworkTV affiliate, owned by Syracuse Broadcasting, Inc.[vi]

WSYT
68 (19)
1998–2013
Fox affiliate, owned by Northwest Broadcasting

Harrisburg - Lancaster - Lebanon - York, PA
WLYH-TV
15 (23)
[vii]
Grit TV affiliate, WXBU, owned by Howard Stirk Holdings

WHTM-TV
27 (10)
2014[viii]
ABC affiliate, owned by Nexstar Media Group

Charleston, SC
WCIV
4 (34)
2014–2015[i]
Heroes & Icons affiliate, WGWG, owned by Howard Stirk Holdings

Jacksonville - Tyler - Longview, TX
KETK-TV
56 (22)
1998–2004[ix]
NBC affiliate, owned by Nexstar Media Group

Hartford, VT - Hanover, NH
WNNE
(Semi-satellite of WPTZ)
31 (25)
1997–1998
NBC affiliate, owned by Hearst Television

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c WJSU/WCFT were satellites of WBMA-LD during their ownership by Allbritton Communications. Sinclair agreed to sell them to a third party as part of its 2014 acquisition of Allbritton's TV stations.
Jump up ^ Station was owned by third parties, and it was operated by Sinclair during these years.
^ Jump up to: a b Operated via LMA by News-Press & Gazette Company.
Jump up ^ Operated via SSA by Nexstar Media Group.
Jump up ^ Owned by RKM Media, Inc., WNYS was operated by Sinclair under a Local marketing agreement.
Jump up ^ Operated via LMA by Northwest Broadcasting.
Jump up ^ Owned by Nexstar Broadcasting Group, Sinclair operated WLYH under a Local marketing agreement.
Jump up ^ Sinclair temporarily owned WHTM under a "hold separate agreement" while it was being sold to Media General, following the completion of the acquisition of Allbritton Communications.
Jump up ^ Non-license assets were purchased by Communications Corporation of America in 1999; license sold to ComCorp in 2004.


document_title: List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders

question_text: most points in a single game in nba history

text: Key[edit]

text:
^

Denotes player who is currently active in the NBA

*

Denotes player who has been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Occurred in playoff competition

Player's team lost the game

MP
Minutes played
FGM
Field goals made
FGA
Field goal attempts

3PM
3-point field goals made
3PA
3-point field goal attempts
DNP
Did not play

FTM
Free throws made
FTA
Free throw attempts

text: List[edit]

text:
Rank

Points

Player

Date

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

Team

Opponent

Score

MP

FGM

FGA

3PM

3PA

FTM

FTA

Notes

Ref.

Scoring by quarter

1

100

Wilt Chamberlain*

March 2, 1962

23

18

28

31

Philadelphia Warriors

New York Knicks

169–147

48

36

63

—

—

28

32

[A]

[1][2] [3][4][5]

2

81

Kobe Bryant

January 22, 2006

14

12

27

28

Los Angeles Lakers

Toronto Raptors

122–104

41:56

28

46

7

13

18

20

[B]

[6][7][8]

3

78

Wilt Chamberlain*

December 8, 1961

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Los Angeles Lakers

147–151

63

31

62

—

—

16

31

[C]

[5]

4

73

Wilt Chamberlain*

January 13, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Chicago Packers

135–117

48

29

48

—

—

15

25

[D]

[5]

73

Wilt Chamberlain*

November 16, 1962

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

New York Knicks

127–111

48

29

43

—

—

15

19

[E]

[9]

73

David Thompson*

April 9, 1978

32

21

9

11

Denver Nuggets

Detroit Pistons

137–139

43

28

38

—

—

17

20

[F]

7

72

Wilt Chamberlain*

November 3, 1962

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

Los Angeles Lakers

115–127

—

29

48

—

—

14

18

[9]

8

71

Elgin Baylor*

November 15, 1960

—

—

—

—

Los Angeles Lakers

New York Knicks

123–108

45

28

48

—

—

15

18

[G]

71

David Robinson*

April 24, 1994

18

6

19

28

San Antonio Spurs

Los Angeles Clippers

112–97

44

26

41

1

2

18

25

[H]

[10][11]

10

70

Wilt Chamberlain*

March 10, 1963

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

Syracuse Nationals

148–163

48

27

38

—

—

16

22

[9]

70

Devin Booker^

March 24, 2017

10

9

23

28

Phoenix Suns

Boston Celtics

120–130

45

21

40

4

11

24

26

[I]

12

69

Michael Jordan*

March 28, 1990

16

15

20

18

Chicago Bulls

Cleveland Cavaliers

117–113

50

23

37

2

6

21

23

[J]

[12][13][14]

13

68

Wilt Chamberlain*

December 16, 1967

14

15

15

24

Philadelphia 76ers

Chicago Bulls

143–123

—

30

40

—

—

8

22

68

Pete Maravich*

February 25, 1977

17

14

17

20

New Orleans Jazz

New York Knicks

124–107

43

26

43

—

—

16

19

15

67

Wilt Chamberlain*

March 9, 1961

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

New York Knicks

135–126

—

27

37

—

—

13

17

67

Wilt Chamberlain*

February 17, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

St. Louis Hawks

121–128

48

26

44

—

—

15

20

[5]

67

Wilt Chamberlain*

February 25, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

New York Knicks

135–149

48

25

38

—

—

17

22

[5]

67

Wilt Chamberlain*

January 11, 1963

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

Los Angeles Lakers

129–134

—

28

47

—

—

11

17

[9]

19

66

Wilt Chamberlain*

February 9, 1969

17

17

22

10

Los Angeles Lakers

Phoenix Suns

134–116

48

29

35

—

—

8

18

[K]

20

65

Wilt Chamberlain*

February 13, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Cincinnati Royals

132–152

48

24

40

—

—

17

30

[5]

65

Wilt Chamberlain*

February 27, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

St. Louis Hawks

147–137

48

25

43

—

—

15

20

[5]

65

Wilt Chamberlain*

February 7, 1966

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia 76ers

Los Angeles Lakers

132–125

—

28

43

—

—

9

20

65

Kobe Bryant

March 16, 2007

4

19

9

24

Los Angeles Lakers

Portland Trail Blazers

116–111

49:58

23

39

8

12

11

12

[L]

[15]

24

64

Elgin Baylor*

November 8, 1959

13

12

17

22

Minneapolis Lakers

Boston Celtics

136–115

—

25

47

—

—

14

19

[M]

64

Rick Barry*

March 26, 1974

—

—

23

22

Golden State Warriors

Portland Trail Blazers

143–120

43

30

45

—

—

4

5

64

Michael Jordan*

January 16, 1993

22

8

11

16

Chicago Bulls

Orlando Magic

124–128

47

27

49

1

5

9

11

[N]

[16]

27

63

Joe Fulks*

February 10, 1949

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Indianapolis Jets

108–87

—

27

56

—

—

9

14

[O]

63

Elgin Baylor*

December 8, 1961

—

—

—

—

Los Angeles Lakers

Philadelphia Warriors

151–147

—

23

55

—

—

17

24

[P]

[17]

63

Jerry West*

January 17, 1962

—

—

—

—

Los Angeles Lakers

New York Knicks

129–121

39

22

36

—

—

19

22

63

Wilt Chamberlain*

December 14, 1962

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

Los Angeles Lakers

118–120

—

24

41

—

—

15

20

[9]

63

Wilt Chamberlain*

November 26, 1964

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

Philadelphia 76ers

117–128

—

27

58

—

—

9

20

63

George Gervin*

April 9, 1978

20

33

10

DNP

San Antonio Spurs

New Orleans Jazz

132–153

33

23

49

—

—

17

20

[Q]

63

Michael Jordan*

April 20, 1986

17

6

13

18

Chicago Bulls

Boston Celtics

131–135

53

22

41

0

0

19

21

[R]

34

62

Wilt Chamberlain*

January 14, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Boston Celtics

136–145

48

27

45

—

—

8

10

[5]

62

Wilt Chamberlain*

January 17, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

St. Louis Hawks

136–130

53

24

48

—

—

14

20

[S]

[5]

62

Wilt Chamberlain*

January 21, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Syracuse Nationals

139–132

53

25

42

—

—

12

17

[T]

[5]

62

Wilt Chamberlain*

January 29, 1963

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

New York Knicks

123–103

—

27

44

—

—

8

17

[9]

62

Wilt Chamberlain*

November 15, 1964

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

Cincinnati Royals

122–106

—

26

44

—

—

10

21

62

Wilt Chamberlain*

March 3, 1966

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia 76ers

San Francisco Warriors

135–125

—

26

39

—

—

10

19

62

Tracy McGrady*

March 10, 2004

7

21

24

10

Orlando Magic

Washington Wizards

108–99

45:50

20

37

5

14

17

26

[18]

62

Kobe Bryant

December 20, 2005

15

17

30

DNP

Los Angeles Lakers

Dallas Mavericks

112–90

32:53

18

31

4

10

22

25

[U]

[19][20]

62

Carmelo Anthony^

January 24, 2014

20

17

19

6

New York Knicks

Charlotte Bobcats

125–96

38:39

23

35

6

11

10

10

[V]

[21]

43

61

George Mikan*

January 20, 1952

18

18

—

—

Minneapolis Lakers

Rochester Royals

91–81

—

22

45

—

—

17

21

[W]

61

Wilt Chamberlain*

December 9, 1961

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Chicago Packers

135–113

48

28

48

—

—

5

10

[5]

61

Wilt Chamberlain*

February 22, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

St. Louis Hawks

139–121

48

21

36

—

—

19

34

[5]

61

Wilt Chamberlain*

February 28, 1962

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Chicago Packers

128–119

48

24

46

—

—

13

17

[5]

61

Elgin Baylor*

April 14, 1962

18

15

13

15

Los Angeles Lakers

Boston Celtics

126–121

—

22

46

—

—

17

19

[X]

61

Wilt Chamberlain*

November 21, 1962

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

Cincinnati Royals

139–143

—

27

52

—

—

7

15

[9]

61

Wilt Chamberlain*

December 11, 1962

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

Syracuse Nationals

136–124

—

27

57

—

—

7

11

[9]

61

Wilt Chamberlain*

December 18, 1962

—

—

—

—

San Francisco Warriors

St. Louis Hawks

130–110

—

26

53

—

—

9

14

[9]

61

Michael Jordan*

March 4, 1987

14

10

7

26

Chicago Bulls

Detroit Pistons

125–120

43

22

39

0

0

17

18

[Y]

[22][23][24]

61

Michael Jordan*

April 16, 1987

15

17

16

13

Chicago Bulls

Atlanta Hawks

114–117

41

22

38

0

3

17

21

[Z]

[25][26][27][28][29]

61

Karl Malone*

January 27, 1990

17

13

20

11

Utah Jazz

Milwaukee Bucks

144–96

33

21

26

0

0

19

23

[30]

61

Shaquille O'Neal*

March 6, 2000

10

16

16

19

Los Angeles Lakers

Los Angeles Clippers

123–103

44:52

24

35

0

0

13

22

[AA]

[31]

61

Kobe Bryant

February 2, 2009

18

16

12

15

Los Angeles Lakers

New York Knicks

126–117

36:48

19

31

3

6

20

20

[32]

61

LeBron James^

March 3, 2014

11

13

25

12

Miami Heat

Charlotte Bobcats

124–107

41:12

22

33

8

10

9

12

[AB]

[33][34]

57

60

Wilt Chamberlain*

December 1, 1961

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Los Angeles Lakers

138–117

48

22

47

—

—

16

26

[5]

60

Wilt Chamberlain*

December 29, 1961

—

—

—

—

Philadelphia Warriors

Los Angeles Lakers

123–118

48

24

43

—

—

12

19

[AC]

[5]

60

Wilt Chamberlain*

January 26, 1969

18

9

10

23

Los Angeles Lakers

Cincinnati Royals

126–113

—

22

36

—

—

16

24

[AD]

60

Bernard King*

December 25, 1984

21

19

11

9

New York Knicks

New Jersey Nets

114–120

41

19

30

0

0

22

26

[35]

60

Larry Bird*

March 12, 1985

12

11

19

18

Boston Celtics

Atlanta Hawks

126–115

43

22

36

1

4

15

16

[AE]

[36]

60

Tom Chambers

March 24, 1990

14

21

14

11

Phoenix Suns

Seattle SuperSonics

121–95

42

22

32

0

0

16

18

[37][38][39][40]

60

Allen Iverson*

February 12, 2005

17

12

11

20

Philadelphia 76ers

Orlando Magic

112–99

42:01

17

36

2

5

24

27

[41][42]

60

Gilbert Arenas

December 17, 2006

12

5

12

15

Washington Wizards

Los Angeles Lakers

147–141

49:00

17

32

5

12

21

27

[AF]

[43]

60

Kobe Bryant

March 22, 2007

13

11

19

17

Los Angeles Lakers

Memphis Grizzlies

121–119

45:11

20

37

3

7

17

18

[AG]

[44]

60

Kobe Bryant

April 13, 2016

15

7

15

23

Los Angeles Lakers

Utah Jazz

101–96

42

22

50

6

21

10

12

[AH]

[45][46]

60

Klay Thompson^

December 5, 2016

17

23

20

DNP

Golden State Warriors

Indiana Pacers

142–106

29

21

33

8

14

10

11

[AI]

[47]

60

James Harden^

January 30, 2018

16

13

13

18

Houston Rockets

Orlando Magic

114–107

46:26

19

30

5

14

17

18

[AJ]

[48]


document_title: M&M's

question_text: what does the m&m stand for on the candy

question_tokens: what does the m&m stand for on the candy

text: M&M's

text: History[edit]

text: Forrest Mars, Sr., son of the Mars Company founder, Frank C. Mars, copied the idea for the candy in the 1930s during the Spanish Civil War when he saw soldiers eating British made Smarties, chocolate pellets with a colored shell of what confectioners call hard panning (essentially hardened sugar syrup) surrounding the outside, preventing the candies from melting. Mars received a patent for his own process on March 3, 1941.[7] Production began in 1941 in a factory located at 285 Badger Avenue in Clinton Hill, Newark, New Jersey. When the company was founded it was M&M Limited.[8] The two "Ms" represent the names of Forrest E. Mars Sr., the founder of Newark Company, and Bruce Murrie, son of Hershey Chocolate's president William F. R. Murrie, who had a 20 percent share in the product.[9] The arrangement allowed the candies to be made with Hershey chocolate, as Hershey had control of the rationed chocolate at the time.[10]

text: The demand for the candies during World War II caused an increase in production and its factory moved to bigger quarters at 200 North 12th Street in Newark, New Jersey, where it remained until 1958 when it moved to a bigger factory at Hackettstown. During the war, the candies were exclusively sold to the military.[11]

text: In 1949, the brand released the tagline "Melts in your mouth, not in your hand."[12]

text: In 1950, a black "M" was imprinted on the candies giving them a unique trademark. It was changed to white in 1954.[8]

text: In the early 1950s, the Midwest Research Institute (now MRIGlobal) in Kansas City, Missouri, worked on behalf of M&M's to perfect a process whereby 3,300 pounds (1,500 kg) of chocolate centers could be coated every hour.[13]

text: Peanut M&M's were introduced in 1954 but first appeared[14] only in the color tan. In 1960, M&M's added the yellow, red, and green colors.

text: In 1976, orange was added to the M&M rainbow to replace red, which was discontinued due to the red dye scare over Red Dyes #2 and #4 having been evaluated to be carcinogenic in nature. In spite of the fact that M&M's had used the less controversial Red Dye #40, the public was wary of any food being dyed red. Red M&M's were re-introduced in 1987.

text: In the 1980s, M&M's were introduced internationally to Australia, Canada, Europe, Hong Kong, Japan, Malaysia, and the United Kingdom.[15]

text: Although they were marketed and then withdrawn in the 1960s, almond-centered M&M's were available again in 1988 in limited release, with appearances only during Christmas and Easter times; they became a standard part of the product line in 1992.

text: Also in 1986, M&M's launched Holidays Chocolate Candies for Easter and Christmas, with the Easter candies having bunny, chick, and egg symbols on pastel-colored shells, and the Christmas candies having pine tree, bell, and candle symbols on red and green shells; with the latter also having a special mint flavor. By 1993, the holiday symbols were replaced with the standard trademark "M".

text: In 1991, Peanut Butter M&M's were released. These candies have peanut butter inside the chocolate center and the same color scheme as the other varieties. As of at least 2013, the size of the peanut butter M&M has become slightly smaller.

text: In 1995, tan M&Ms were discontinued to be replaced by blue.[16]

text: In 1996, Mars introduced "M&M's Minis", smaller candies usually sold in plastic tubes instead of bags.[17]

text: In 1999, Crispy M&M's were released. They were slightly larger than the milk chocolate variety and also featured a crispy wafer center. They were discontinued in the United States in 2005 and remained available in Europe, and Southeast Asia. In January 2015, they returned to production in the United States.

text: In July 2001, Dulce de Leche M&M's were introduced in five markets with large Hispanic populations: Los Angeles, California; San Diego, California; Miami, Florida; Mcallen-Brownsville, Texas; and San Antonio, Texas.[18] The flavor never became popular with the Hispanic community, who preferred existing M&M's flavors, and it was discontinued in most areas by early 2003.[19]

text: In 2010, Pretzel M&M's were released. They contain a crunchy, salty pretzel center inside of the chocolate coating and are about the same size as the Peanut M&M's, but their shape tends to be more spherical.

text: In 2013, the M&M's chocolate bar was re-released. It was originally released in 2004 and named M-Azing.

text: In 2014, Mega M&M's were re-introduced. Before then, the 'Mega M&M's' had been released in 2007 promoting the Shrek Movies, being dubbed "Ogre-Sized M&M's".

text: In 2015, Crispy M&M's were re-introduced in the United States. They had remained available continuously in Europe and Australia.

text: In 2016, the M&M cookie was re-introduced in the United States.

text: Also in 2016, the M&M's flavor vote was created in which the fans could vote for either honey, coffee, or chili nut M&M's to go with peanut M&M's. Coffee Nuts was announced as the winner by VEEP's Tony Hale [20]

text: In April 2017, M&M's chocolate blocks went on sale in Australia. Six varieties (milk chocolate, strawberry, crispy, hazelnut, crispy mint and almond) are available.

text: Also in 2017, Caramel M&M's were released in the United States.[21]

text: Varieties[edit]

text: M&M's varieties have included the following sizes and fillings. Note that some have only been made available for a limited time, such as white cheesecake for Easter, pumpkin spice or white candy corn for Halloween, and White Strawberry Shortcake for Valentine's Day.

text:
sizes: regular (in the following flavors), minis, mega (×3 the chocolate) and the "chocolate bar".
chocolate: milk chocolate, dark chocolate, white chocolate
nut: peanuts, almonds, peanut butter, dark chocolate peanut, strawberried peanut butter, strawberry nut
spice and herb: mint chocolate, cinnamon, pumpkin spice, white chocolate peppermint, holiday mint, gingerbread, mint crisp, pumpkin spice latte, mocha, coffee nut, honey nut, and chili nut.[22]
fruit: orange chocolate, cherry, raspberry, cherry cordial, pineapple, coconut, candy apple
dessert: pretzel, birthday cake, white chocolate candy corn, red velvet, dulce de leche, white chocolate carrot cake, vanilla shake, crispy, three milks (tres leches), pecan pie, and caramel.
colors: Easter regularly sees pastel-colored candies and Christmas bags have green and red only

tag: ul

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Over the years, marketing has helped build and expand the M&M's brand. Computer-animated graphics, personification of the candies as characters with cartoon-like storytelling, and various merchandising techniques including the introduction of new flavors, colors and customizable merchandise have helped to increase the brand's recognition as a candy icon.

text: E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial[edit]

text: In 1982, the Mars candy bar company rejected the inclusion of M&M's in the new Steven Spielberg movie E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial. Competitor Hershey, on the other hand, took a chance with their Reese's Pieces, which is similar to M&M's but contains a peanut butter filling, and with the blockbuster success, its candy sales dramatically increased, perhaps by as much as 300%.[23]

text: Marketing campaigns[edit]

text: In 1990, M&M's exhibited at New York's Erie County Fair a life-size fiberglass cow covered with 66,000 M&M candies—each adhered by hand with the "m" logo on each candy facing outward. According to a website run by the cow's designer, Michael Adams, the stunt earned M&M Mars $1 million in free publicity because it was reported on by Newsweek magazine, as well as the New York Post, UPI and WABC-TV, and Live with Regis.[24]

text: In 1995, the company ran the M&M's Color Campaign, a contest in which participants were given the choice of selecting purple, blue, or pink as the color of a new variety of M&M's. The announcement of the winning color (blue) was carried on most of the television networks' news programs as well as the talk shows of David Letterman and Jay Leno.[25] As part of the contest results, the company had the Empire State Building lighted in blue.[25] Although the financial details of these deals were not disclosed and neither was the campaign's effect on sales, one marketing book estimated that the company "collected millions" in free publicity and that the campaign "certainly" resulted in an increasing of the brand's awareness.[25]

text: In 1998, M&M's were styled as "The Official Candy of the New Millennium," as MM is the Roman numeral for 2000. This date was also the release of the rainbow M&M's, which are multi-colored and filled with a variety of different fillings.

text: In 2000, "Plain" M&M's (a name created in 1954 when "Peanut" M&M's were introduced) were renamed "Milk Chocolate" M&M's, and pictures of the candy pieces were added to the traditional brown and white packaging.[26]

text: Joint marketing campaigns[edit]

text: In 1990, Mars Snackfood US signed up to be a sponsor for NASCAR in the Sprint Cup Series. Drivers for the M&M's-sponsored car through the years have included Ernie Irvan (1999), Ken Schrader (2000–02), Eliott Sadler (2003–06), Ricky Rudd (2007), David Gilliland (2006–07), Kyle Busch (2008-current, won 2015 Sprint Cup Series Championship), and Michael McDowell.

text: The introduction of the blue M&M to Australia was promoted by the Australian Football League's Carlton Football Club, which wore sky-blue colored guernseys in one of its matches in 1997 instead of its traditional navy blue – a color which the successful and fiercely traditional club had worn since the 1870s.[27] In 2010, Mars Snackfood Australia described it as the most successful promotional campaign it had ever engaged in.[28]

text: In April 2005, M&M's ran the "mPire" promotion to tie in with the Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith movie release. M&M's were offered in dark chocolate varieties (Regular and Peanut) for the first time after a string of Addams Family M&M's commercials.

text: In May 2004, M&M's ran a Shrek 2 promotion to tie in with the movie's release. M&M's were offered "ogre-sized" (65% larger) in swamp/ogre colors. They were sold at many stores displayed in huge cardboard-cutout ogre displays.

text: In the summer of 2005, Mars added "Mega M&M's" to the lineup.[29] These candies, at 55% larger than the traditional M&M's, were a little smaller than the ogre-sized version. They were available in milk chocolate and peanut varieties. The colors for Mega M&M's were changed to less-bright colors, ostensibly to appeal to older consumers: teal (replacing green), beige (replacing orange), maroon (replacing red), gold (replacing yellow), blue-gray (replacing blue), and brown.

text: In July 2006, Dark Chocolate M&M's reappeared in a purple package, followed in 2007 by Dark Chocolate Peanut M&M's. Also in 2006, the company piloted White Chocolate M&M's as a tie-in with their "Pirates of the Caribbean" promotion. The company also offered eight new flavors of M&M's via online sales, as well as at M&M's World locations: "All That Razz"; "Eat, Drink, & Be Cherry"; "A Day at the Peach"; "Orange-U-Glad"; "Mint Condition"; "AlmonDeeLicious"; "Nut What You Think"; and "Cookie Monster". Mars also released a "Crispy Mint" variety in Australia that year.

text: Also in 2006, M&M's became the official chocolate of NASCAR.

text: In 2007, M&M's introduced a limited-edition raspberry flavor called "M&M's Razzberry Chocolate Candies".

text: Also in 2007, M&M's produced a 50-foot, smiling Lady Liberty M&M statue to kick off a campaign encouraging Americans to create their own M&M characters at mms.com. The website allows for people to log in and create their own character from scratch. They can choose features such as the color, shape, hair, and accessories.

text: In 2008, two limited-edition varieties of the candy were introduced – "Wildly Cherry" M&M's, and, as a marketing tie-in with the film Indiana Jones and the Kingdom of the Crystal Skull, "Mint Crisp" M&M's.

text: M&M's also introduced another new product called "M&M's Premiums" in 2008. They come in five flavors – chocolate almond, mint chocolate, mocha, raspberry almond, and triple chocolate (milk, dark, and white chocolate), which are sold in small upright cartons with a plastic bag inside. M&M's Premiums do not have a candy shell but are coated with carnauba wax and color. Dark Chocolate was added in 2009, replacing Mocha.

text: During the summer of 2008, My M&M's launched 'Faces,' which allows consumers to print the faces of loved ones on M&M's chocolate candies at mymms.com.

text: In February 2009, M&M's launched the "M&M's Colour Break-Up" promotion in Australia where M&M's were sold in separate packs (one for each color): the packs included a code to win prizes.[30]

text: In Summer 2009, M&M's launched a limited-edition "Strawberried Peanut Butter" variant to tie in with the release of Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen. In addition, M&M's launched a limited edition "Coconut M&M's," which became a permanent item in 2010.

text: In early 2010, M&M's Bare All were released as part of a competition in Australia and New Zealand.[31] M&M's Bare All winning packs were ordinary M&M's, but without colored shells. An official website was launched, along with television advertisements.[citation needed] In April 2010, M&M's launched a new pretzel variety.[32]

text: In November 2011, Mars released M&M's Cinnamon Milk Chocolate for Christmas.

text: About the time pretzel M&M's came out, the M&M's wrapper designs in the U.S. were redone, from the old design, used from 2004-early 2010.

text: In 2012, M&M's released two new Dark Chocolate flavors: Raspberry and Mint. Also that year, M&M's released a White Chocolate flavor for the Easter season. From May 30, 2012, onwards, M&M's will be launched in Macau. Its Macanese launch language is Portuguese. In 2012, Peanut M&M's were produced in the UK in a limited edition "Red, White and Blues only" pack, in connection with the country's Diamond Jubilee and 2012 Summer Olympics. The 'M' remains white on the white candies. The commercial advertising this promotional package had Yellow donning various outfits of British stereotypes to try to get into the limited edition pack. Similarly, to promote the 2014 FIFA World Cup, Peanut M&M's were produced in a pack that contained only green, yellow, and blue candies, dubbed "Brazilian M&M's" in reference to the colors of the flag of Brazil. "Brazilian M&M's" were re-released in 2016 to promote the 2016 Summer Olympics, but are now available in both Chocolate and Peanut.

text: In 2013, M&M's launched the "Better with M" campaign, which included cause-related marketing. The campaign worked with Habitat for Humanity and encouraged fans to use a Facebook app to volunteer at the various sites where the homes were being built.[33] The advertising campaign was one of the largest that Mars had ever executed.[33] The 2013 "America Better With M" initiative sough to provide money directly to Habitat for Humanity through offering limited versions of M&Ms in red, white and blue.

text: Related brands[edit]

text: Related candy brands from Mars include Minstrels, Revels, Skittles, and Treets.

text: M&M's World specialty shops have been established in some locations, including Las Vegas, Orlando, New York, London, and Shanghai.

text: Several M&Ms-themed video games have been created. The first was M&M's: The Lost Formulas, released on September 28, 2000.

text: M&M's characters[edit]

text: Early black-and-white adverts for the candy in 1954 featured two talking, anthropomorphic M&M characters—one plain and one peanut—diving into a swimming pool full of chocolate.[34]

text: The first incarnation of the characters in CGI was a Celebrity Campaign which had the characters interacting with Celebrities on which M&Ms candy color is their favorite, This campaign was created by Blue Sky Studios back in 1994 that wasn't successful. Concurrent with 1995's blue M&M campaign, M&M's introduced second computer-animated "spokescandies" in their television commercials. The depiction and campaign of the M&M's were made by Will Vinton in 1995. Vinton was formally known for his claymation on The California Raisins Band in 1986. Around the time he worked on CGI Projects, he made the depiction of the M&M's as more mature than most food mascots. These include the team of the cynical and sardonic Red (originally voiced by Jon Lovitz, thereafter Billy West[35]) who is the mascot for milk chocolate, peanut butter, and crispy M&M's, and the happy and gullible Yellow (originally voiced by John Goodman, thereafter J.K. Simmons), who is the mascot for peanut M&M's (he was originally known as "Peanut" when first introduced). Other mascots include the "cool one", Blue (voiced by Phil Hartman until his death in 1998, thereafter Robb Pruitt) who is the mascot for almond M&M's; the seductive Green (voiced by Cree Summer), who is the mascot for both dark chocolate mint and peanut butter M&M's, and the slightly neurotic Orange (voiced by Eric Kirchberger), who was introduced when Crispy M&M's were first released and returned when Pretzel M&M's debuted in 2010. Orange, upon his return, was joined by the second non-M&M mascot, Pretzel Guy, who "supports" him and offers helpful advice as he hates the idea of having a pretzel put inside his body.

text: Other mascots that were introduced, but no longer used, are Almond, the original green guy; Orange, a female peanut character, Chocolate Bar; the first non-M&M character that always gets foiled or outdone by Red and Yellow by being melted when M&M's can't, and the Swarmees for M&M's Minis candies, which are portrayed as destructive yet crafty troublemakers who Red and Yellow are always trying unsuccessfully to contain.

text: Female M&M's mascots were introduced in 1995. Green was the milk chocolate mascot and Tan was the peanut. Marketing discontinued Tan when they introduced the then new Blue mascot. Green was the only female M&M's mascot from her introduction in 1995 until 2012 when M&M's unveiled a new additional spokescandy, the businesslike Ms. Brown (voiced by Miss America 1984 Vanessa Williams), the "Chief Chocolate Officer."[36] She made her debut in a Super Bowl XLVI advertisement, where several people at a party assume she is naked because her shell is the same color as her insides, which causes Red to remove his outer shell thinking "it's that kind of party", and start dancing to "Sexy And I Know It" by LMFAO.

text:
Color
Character
Type
Voice actor

Red
Red
Milk Chocolate, Dark Chocolate, Peanut Butter, and Crispy
Jon Lovitz (1995–96)
Billy West (1996–present)

Yellow
Yellow
Peanut, and Dark Chocolate Peanut
John Goodman (1995–96)
J. K. Simmons (1996–present)

Blue
Blue
Almond, Raspberry, and Dark Chocolate
Phil Hartman (1995–98)
Robb Pruitt (1998–present)

Green
Green
Dark Chocolate, Dark Chocolate Mint, and Peanut Butter
Cree Summer

Orange
Crispy
Crispy and Pretzel
Eric Kirchberger

Brown
Ms. Brown
Dark Chocolate and Milk Chocolate
Vanessa Williams

Tan
Caramel (cube)
Caramel
David Cross

N/A
Pretzel
Pretzel
Maurice LaMarche

text: Color changes in chocolate M&M's[edit]

text: The original color of M&M's candies are red, yellow, violet, green and orange.[12]

text: In early 1995, Mars ran a promotion in which consumers were invited to vote on which of blue, pink, or purple would replace the tan M&M's. Blue was the winner with 54% of the votes.[37] It replaced tan in late 1995. Consumers could vote by calling 1-800-FUN-COLOR. Ads for the new blue colors featured a plain and an almond blue M&M character as Red and Yellow take notice of trying to do takes in the commercial by painting themselves blue where they appear on stage with B.B. King singing the blues, but the filmmakers had to cut the scene as they were not the real blue M&M's; another featured Red and Yellow holding their breath to look like the new blue M&M's, where Steven Weber sees the three M&M's, Red, Yellow, and Blue; and one more featuring Weber talking to the blue M&M if he had dived into the chocolate pool, but did not.

text: In 1976, the Food and drug Administrtion released a study that links red dye food coloring to cancer. Even though, Mars did not use this dye they decided to pull the red M&M's from the market to avoid possible misunderstandings. The red candy were reintroduced to the market, ten years later.[12]

text: In 2002, Mars solicited votes in their first ever "M&M's Global Color Vote" to add a new color from three choices: aqua (turquoise), pink, and purple. Purple won and was featured for a limited time. To help the colors get votes, Ken Schrader and his MB2 Motorsports team, who was sponsored by M&M's at the time, ran four paint schemes during the 2002 NASCAR Winston Cup Series season representing the promotion (one for aqua, one for pink, one for purple, and another one with all three colors on the car.) Specially marked packages of M&M's were released in Japan. Finding a bag of all purple M&M's entitled the customer to a prize of 100 million yen (equivalent to approximately USD $852,000).

text: On January 1, 2004, at the stroke of midnight, Mars removed all of the colors of M&M's and made them black-and-white on both their candies and the packaging. It coincided with a commercial parodying The Wizard of Oz where Dorothy is home in bed and looks out of the window and sees what the colors of the four M&M's were. The goal was to help the M&M's find their colors in black-and-white packages of M&M's, in this order: brown, orange, red, green, yellow, and blue. After all of the colors have been found, the colored packaging returned, and began carrying the theme "Chocolate is better in color".

text: Since 2004, M&M's have been available online in 17 colors, with personalized phrases on each candy on the opposite side from the "m".[38] Released around Christmas, these custom-printed M&M's were originally intended for holiday greetings, but are now available all year round.

text: For the 2008 Valentine's Day season, Mars introduced all-green bags of M&M's. This was due to common urban folklore that says green M&M's are an aphrodisiac.[39] They were brought back for 2009 alongside the "Ms. Green Heats Up Valentine's Day" contest.

text: In October 2011, Mars released M&M's White Chocolate Candy Corn exclusively in the United States for Halloween. These candies come in three candy corn inspired colors: white, bright yellow, and bright orange.

text: The following is a summary of the changes to the colors of the flagship (milk chocolate) flavor of M&M's, the only filling manufactured continuously since the beginning of the brand. From 1941 until 1969, each package contained M&M's in five different colors; when red M&M's were reintroduced in 1987, they were added as a sixth color instead of replacing any of the existing colors.

text: Health concerns[edit]

text: Red candies were eliminated in 1976[40] because of health concerns over the dye amaranth (FD&C Red #2), which was a suspected carcinogen, and were replaced with orange-colored candies. This was done despite the fact that M&M's did not contain the dye; the action was purely to satisfy worried consumers. Red candies were reintroduced ten years later, but they also kept the orange colored M&M's. Paul Hethmon, then a student at University of Tennessee, started the campaign to bring back red M&M's as a joke that would eventually become a worldwide phenomenon.[41]


document_title: Chinese economic reform

question_text: china's initial economic reforms were in which sector

question_tokens: china 's initial economic reforms were in which sector

text: Chinese economic reform

text: Chinese economy prior to reform[edit]

text: During the 1930s, China developed a modern industrial sector, which stimulated modest but significant economic growth. Before the collapse of international trade that followed the onset of the Great Depression, China’s share of world trade and its ratio of foreign trade to GDP achieved levels that were not regained for over sixty years.[4]

text: The economy was heavily disrupted by the war against Japan and the Chinese Civil War from 1937 to 1949, after which the victorious communists installed a planned economy.[4][not in citation given] Afterwards, the economy largely stagnated[citation needed] and was disrupted by the Great Leap Forward famine which killed between 30 and 40 million people, and the purges of the Cultural Revolution further disrupted the economy.[citation needed] Urban Chinese citizens experienced virtually no increase in living standards from 1957 onwards, and rural Chinese had no better living standards in the 1970s than the 1930s.[7][not in citation given] One study noted that average pay levels in the catering sector exceeded wages in higher education.[8]

text: The economic performance of the People's Republic of China was poor in comparison with other East Asian countries, such as Japan, South Korea and rival Chiang Kai-shek's Republic of China. [according to whom?] The economy was riddled with huge inefficiencies and malinvestments, and with Mao's death, the Communist Party of China (CPC) leadership turned to market-oriented reforms to salvage the failing economy.[9]

text: Course of reforms[edit]

text: Economic reforms began after Deng Xiaoping and his reformist allies ousted the Gang of Four Maoist faction. By the time Deng took power, there was widespread support among the elite for economic reforms. As the de facto leader, Deng's policies faced opposition from party conservatives but were extremely successful in increasing the country's wealth.

text: Deng's first reforms began in agriculture, a sector long mismanaged by the Communist Party. By the late 1970s, food supplies and production had become so deficient that government officials were warning that China was about to repeat the "disaster of 1959", the famines which killed tens of millions during the Great Leap Forward.[10] Deng responded by decollectivizing agriculture and emphasizing the household-responsibility system, which divided the land of the People's communes into private plots. Under the new policy, peasants were able to exercise formal control of their land as long as they sold a contracted portion of their crops to the government.[11] This move increased agricultural production by 25 percent between 1975 and 1985, setting a precedent for privatizing other parts of the economy.[12] The bottom-up approach of the reforms promoted by Deng, in contrast to the top-down approach of the Perestroika in the Soviet Union, is considered an important factor contributing to the success of China’s economic transition.[13]

text: Reforms were also implemented in urban industry to increase productivity. A dual-price system was introduced, in which (State-owned enterprise reform 1979) state-owned industries were allowed to sell any production above the plan quota, and commodities were sold at both plan and market prices, allowing citizens to avoid the shortages of the Maoist era. Moreover, the adoption of Industrial Responsibility System 1980s further promote the development of state-owned enterprise by allowing individuals or groups to manage the enterprise by contract. Private businesses were allowed to operate for the first time since the Communist takeover, and they gradually began to make up a greater percentage of industrial output.[14] Price flexibility was also increased, expanding the service sector.[15]

text: The country was opened to foreign investment for the first time since the Kuomintang era. Deng created a series of special economic zones for foreign investment that were relatively free of the bureaucratic regulations and interventions that hampered economic growth. These regions became engines of growth for the national economy.[15]

text: During this period, Deng Xiaoping's policies continued beyond the initial reforms. Controls on private businesses and government intervention continued to decrease, and there was small-scale privatization of state enterprises which had become unviable. A notable development was the decentralization of state control, leaving local provincial leaders to experiment with ways to increase economic growth and privatize the state sector.[16] Township and village enterprises, firms nominally owned by local governments but effectively private, began to gain market share at the expense of the state sector.[17] Conservative elder opposition, led by Chen Yun, prevented many major reforms which would have damaged the interests of special interest groups in the government bureaucracy.[18] Corruption and increased inflation increased discontent, contributing to the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 and a conservative backlash after that event which ousted several key reformers and threatened to reverse many of Deng's reforms.[19] However, Deng stood by his reforms and in 1992, he affirmed the need to continue reforms in his southern tour.[18] He also reopened the Shanghai Stock Exchange closed by Mao 40 years earlier.

text: Although the economy grew quickly during this period, economic troubles in the inefficient state sector increased. Heavy losses had to be made up by state revenues and acted as a drain upon the economy.[20] Inflation became problematic in 1985, 1988 and 1992.[19] Privatizations began to accelerate after 1992, and the private sector grew as a percentage of GDP. China's government slowly expanded recognition of the private economy, first as a "complement" to the state sector (1988) and then as an "important component" (1999) of the socialist market economy.[21]

text: In the 1990s, Deng forced many of the conservative elders such as Chen Yun into retirement, allowing radical reforms to be carried out.[18] Despite Deng's death in 1997, reforms continued under his handpicked successors, Jiang Zemin and Zhu Rongji, who were ardent reformers. In 1997 and 1998, large-scale privatization occurred, in which all state enterprises, except a few large monopolies, were liquidated and their assets sold to private investors. Between 2001 and 2004, the number of state-owned enterprises decreased by 48 percent.[17] During the same period, Jiang and Zhu also reduced tariffs, trade barriers, and regulations; reformed the banking system; dismantled much of the Mao-era social welfare system; forced the PLA to divest itself of military-run businesses;[22] reduced inflation; and joined the World Trade Organization. These moves invoked discontent among some groups, especially laid-off workers of state enterprises that had been privatized.[23]

text: The domestic private sector first exceeded 50% of GDP in 2005 and has further expanded since. Also in 2005, China was able to surpass Japan as the largest economy in Asia.[24] However, some state monopolies still remained, such as in petroleum and banking.[25]

text: The conservative Hu-Wen Administration began to reverse some of Deng Xiaoping's reforms in 2005. Observers note that the government adopted more egalitarian and populist policies.[26] It increased subsidies and control over the health care sector,[27] halted privatization,[6] and adopted a loose monetary policy, which led to the formation of a U.S.-style property bubble in which property prices tripled.[28] The privileged state sector was the primary recipient of government investment, which under the new administration, promoted the rise of large "national champions" which could compete with large foreign corporations.[6]

text: Under Xi Jinping, the Communist Party of China has sought to increase its control over state-owned and private enterprises. At least 288 firms have revised their corporate charters to allow the CPC greater influence in corporate management, and to reflect the party line.[29] This trend also includes Hong Kong listed firms, who have traditionally downplayed their party links, but are now "redrafting bylaws to formally establish party committees that previously existed only at the group level."[30]

text: Economic performance since reform[edit]

text: China's economic growth since the reform has been very rapid, exceeding the East Asian Tigers. Economists estimate China's GDP growth from 1978 to 2013 at between 9.5% to around 11.5% a year. Since the beginning of Deng Xiaoping's reforms, China's GDP has risen tenfold.[31] The increase in total factor productivity (TFP) was the most important factor, with productivity accounting for 40.1% of the GDP increase, compared with a decline of 13.2% for the period 1957 to 1978—the height of Maoist policies. For the period 1978–2005, Chinese GDP per capita increased from 2.7% to 15.7% of U.S. GDP per capita, and from 53.7% to 188.5% of Indian GDP per capita. Per capita incomes grew at 6.6% a year.[32] Average wages rose sixfold between 1978 and 2005,[33] while absolute poverty declined from 41% of the population to 5% from 1978 to 2001.[34] Some scholars believed that China's economic growth has been understated, due to large sectors of the economy not being counted.[35]

text: Impact on world growth[edit]

text: China is widely seen as an engine of world and regional growth.[36] Surges in Chinese demand account for 50, 44 and 66 percent of export growth of Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan respectively, and China's trade deficit with the rest of East Asia helped to revive the economies of Japan and Southeast Asia.[36] Asian leaders view China's economic growth as an "engine of growth for all Asia".[37]

text: Reforms in specific sectors[edit]

text: After three decades of reform, China's economy experienced one of the world's biggest booms. Agriculture and light industry have largely been privatized, while the state still retains control over some heavy industries. Despite the dominance of state ownership in finance, telecommunications, petroleum and other important sectors of the economy, private entrepreneurs continue to expand into sectors formerly reserved for public enterprise. Prices have also been liberalized.[38]

text: Agriculture[edit]

text: During the pre-reform period, Chinese agricultural performance was extremely poor and food shortages were common.[39] After Deng Xiaoping implemented the household responsibility system, agricultural output increased by 8.2% a year, compared with 2.7% in the pre-reform period, despite a decrease in the area of land used.[39] Food prices fell nearly 50%, while agricultural incomes rose.[40]

text: A more fundamental transformation was the economy's growing adoption of cash crops instead of just growing rice and grain.[40] Vegetable and meat production increased to the point that Chinese agricultural production was adding the equivalent of California’s vegetable industry every two years. Growth in the sector slowed after 1984, with agriculture falling from 40% of GDP to 16%; however, increases in agricultural productivity allowed workers to be released for work in industry and services, while simultaneously increasing agricultural production.[41] Trade in agriculture was also liberalized and China became an exporter of food, a great contrast to its previous famines and shortages.[42]

text: Industry[edit]

text: In the pre-reform period, industry was largely stagnant and the socialist system presented few incentives for improvements in quality and productivity. With the introduction of the dual-price system and greater autonomy for enterprise managers, productivity increased greatly in the early 1980s.[43] Foreign enterprises and newly formed Township and Village Enterprises, owned by local government and often de facto private firms, competed successfully with state-owned enterprises. By the 1990s, large-scale privatizations reduced the market share of both the Township and Village Enterprises and state-owned enterprises and increased the private sector's market share. The state sector's share of industrial output dropped from 81% in 1980 to 15% in 2005.[44] Foreign capital controls much of Chinese industry and plays an important role.[17]

text: From virtually an industrial backwater in 1978, China is now the world's biggest producer of concrete, steel, ships and textiles, and has the world's largest automobile market. Chinese steel output quadrupled between 1980 and 2000, and from 2000 to 2006 rose from 128.5 million tons to 418.8 million tons, one-third of global production.[45] Labor productivity at some Chinese steel firms exceeds Western productivity.[45] From 1975 to 1992, China's automobile production rose from 139,800 to 1.1 million, rising to 9.35 million in 2008.[46] Light industries such as textiles saw an even greater increase, due to reduced government interference. Chinese textile exports increased from 4.6% of world exports in 1980 to 24.1% in 2005. Textile output increased 18-fold over the same period.[47]

text: This increase in production is largely the result of the removal of barriers to entry and increased competition; the number of industrial firms rose from 377,300 in 1980 to nearly 8 million in 1990 and 1996; the 2004 economic census, which excluded enterprises with annual sales below RMB 5 million, counted 1.33 million manufacturing firms, with Jiangsu and Zhejiang reporting more firms than the nationwide total for 1980.[48] Compared to other East Asian industrial growth spurts, China's industrial performance exceeded Japan's but remained behind South Korea and Taiwan's economies.[49]

text: Trade and foreign investment[edit]

text: Scholars find that China has attained a degree of openness that is unprecedented among large and populous nations, with competition from foreign goods in almost every sector of the economy. Foreign investment helped to greatly increase quality, knowledge and standards, especially in heavy industry. China's experience supports the assertion that globalization greatly increases wealth for poor countries.[48] Throughout the reform period, the government reduced tariffs and other trade barriers, with the overall tariff rate falling from 56% to 15%. By 2001, less than 40% of imports were subject to tariffs and only 9 percent of import were subject to licensing and import quotas. Even during the early reform era, protectionist policies were often circumvented by smuggling.[50] When China joined the WTO, it agreed to considerably harsher conditions than other developing countries.[51] Trade has increased from under 10% of GDP to 64% of GDP over the same period.[52] China is considered the most open large country; By 2005, China’s average statutory tariff on industrial products was 8.9 percent. For Argentina, Brazil, India, and Indonesia, the respective percentage figures are 30.9, 27.0, 32.4, and 36.9 percent.[53]

text: China's trade surplus is considered by some in the United States as threatening American jobs. In the 2000s, the Bush administration pursued protectionist policies such as tariffs and quotas to limit the import of Chinese goods. Some scholars argue that China's growing trade surplus is the result of industries in more developed Asian countries moving to China, and not a new phenomenon.[37] China's trade policy, which allows producers to avoid paying the Value Added Tax (VAT) for exports and undervaluation of the currency since 2002, has resulted in an overdeveloped export sector and distortion of the economy overall, a result that could hamper future growth.[54]

text: Foreign investment was also liberalized upon Deng's ascension. Special Economic Zones (SEZs) were created in the early 1980s to attract foreign capital by exempting them from taxes and regulations. This experiment was successful and SEZs were expanded to cover the whole Chinese coast. Although FDI fell briefly after the 1989 student protests, it increased again to 160 billion by 2004.[55]

text: Services[edit]

text: In the 1990s, the financial sector was liberalized.[56] After China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO), the service sector was considerably liberalized and foreign investment was allowed; restrictions on retail, wholesale and distribution ended.[57] Banking, financial services, insurance and telecommunications were also opened up to foreign investment.[58]

text: China's banking sector is dominated by four large state-owned banks, which are largely inefficient and monopolistic.[59] China's largest bank, ICBC, is the largest bank in the world. The financial sector is widely seen as a drag on the economy due to the inefficient state management.[60] Non-performing loans, mostly made to local governments and unprofitable state-owned enterprises for political purposes,[61] especially the political goal of keeping unemployment low, are a big drain on the financial system and economy, reaching over 22% of GDP by 2000, with a drop to 6.3% by 2006 due to government recapitalization of these banks. In 2006, the total amount of non-performing loans was estimated at $160 billion.[62] Observers recommend privatization of the banking system to solve this problem, a move that was partially carried out when the four banks were floated on the stock market.[63] China's financial markets, the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange, are relatively ineffective at raising capital, as they comprise only 11% of GDP.[64]

text: Due to the weakness of the banks, firms raise most of their capital through an informal, nonstandard financial sector developed during the 1980s and 1990s, consisting largely of underground businesses and private banks.[65] Internal finance is the most important method successful firms use to fund their activities.[65]

text: By the 1980s much emphasis was placed on the role of advertising in meeting the modernization goals being promoted by Deng. Lip service was still paid to old Maoist ideals of egalitarianism, but it did not inhibit the growth of consumerism.[66]

text: Government finances[edit]

text: In the pre-reform era, government was funded by profits from state-owned enterprises, much like the Soviet Union.[67] As the state sector fell in importance and profitability, government revenues, especially that of the central government in Beijing, fell substantially and the government relied on a confused system of inventory taxes. Government revenues fell from 35% of GDP to 11% of GDP in the mid-1990s, excluding revenue from state-owned enterprises, with the central government's budget at just 3% of GDP.[68] The tax system was reformed in 1994 when inventory taxes were unified into a single VAT of 17% on all manufacturing, repair, and assembly activities and an excise tax on 11 items, with the VAT becoming the main income source, accounting for half of government revenue. The 1994 reform also increased the central government's share of revenues, increasing it to 9% of GDP.[69]

text: Reasons for success[edit]

text: Scholars have proposed a number of theories to explain the success of China's economic reforms in its move from a planned economy to a socialist market economy despite unfavorable factors such as the troublesome legacies of socialism, considerable erosion of the work ethic, decades of anti-market propaganda, and the "lost generation" whose education disintegrated amid the disruption of the Cultural Revolution.[70]

text: One notable theory is that decentralization of state authority allowed local leaders to experiment with various ways to privatize the state sector and energize the economy.[16] Although Deng was not the originator of many of the reforms, he gave approval to them. Another theory focuses on internal incentives within the Chinese government, in which officials presiding over areas of high economic growth were more likely to be promoted. Scholars have noted that local and provincial governments in China were "hungry for investment" and competed to reduce regulations and barriers to investment to boost economic growth and the officials' own careers. A third explanation believes that the success of the reformists are attributable to Deng's cultivation of his own followers in the government.[71] Herman Kahn explained the rise of Asian economic power saying the Confucian ethic was playing a "similar but more spectacular role in the modernization of East Asia than the Protestant ethic played in Europe".[72]

text: China's success is also due to the export-led growth strategy used successfully by the Four Asian Tigers beginning with Japan in the 1960s–1970s and other Newly industrialized counties.[73]

text: The collapse of the Soviet Bloc and centrally planned economies in 1989 provided renewed impetus for China to further reform its economy through different policies in order to avoid a similar fate.[74] China also wanted to avoid the Russian ad-hoc experiments with market capitalism under Boris Yeltsin resulting in the rise of powerful oligarchs, corruption, and the loss of state revenue which exacerbated economic disparity.[75]

text: Effect on inequality[edit]

text: The economic reforms have increased inequality dramatically within China. Despite rapid economic growth which has virtually eliminated poverty in urban China and reduced it greatly in rural regions and the fact that living standards for everyone in China have drastically increased in comparison to the pre-reform era, the Gini coefficient of China is estimated to be above 0.45, comparable to some Latin American countries and the United States.[76]

text: Increased inequality is attributed to the disappearance of the welfare state and differences between coastal and interior provinces, the latter being burdened by a larger state sector.[77] Some Western scholars have suggested that reviving the welfare state and instituting a re-distributive income tax system is needed to relieve inequality,[78] while some Chinese economists have suggested that privatizing state monopolies and distributing the proceeds to the population can reduce inequality.[79]

text: Comparison to other developing economies[edit]

text: China's transition from a planned economy to a socialist market economy has often been compared with economies in Eastern Europe that are undergoing a similar transition. China's performance has been praised for avoiding the major shocks and inflation that plagued the Eastern Bloc.[80] The Eastern bloc economies saw declines of 13% to 65% in GDP at the beginning of reforms, while Chinese growth has been very strong since the beginning of reform.[81] China also managed to avoid the hyperinflation of 200 to 1,000% that Eastern Europe experienced.[82] This success is attributed to the gradualist and decentralized approach of the Chinese government, which allowed market institutions to develop to the point where they could replace state planning. This contrasts with the "big bang" approach of Eastern Europe, where the state-owned sector was rapidly privatized with employee buyouts, but retained much of the earlier, inefficient management.[83] Other factors thought to account for the differences are the greater urbanization of the CIS economies and differences in social welfare and other institutions.[84] Another argument is that, in the Eastern European economies, political change is sometimes seen to have made gradualist reforms impossible, so the shocks and inflation were unavoidable.[85]

text: China's economic growth has been compared with other developing countries, such as Brazil, Mexico, and India. GDP growth in China outstrips all other developing countries, with only India after 1990 coming close to China's experience.[86] Scholars believe that high rates of investments, especially increases in capital invested per worker, have contributed to China's superior economic performance.[86] China's relatively free economy, with less government intervention and regulation, is cited by scholars as an important factor in China's superior performance compared to other developing countries.[87]

text: Legacy and criticism[edit]

text: The government retains monopolies in several sectors, such as petroleum and banking. The recent reversal of some reforms have left some observers dubbing 2008 the "third anniversary of the end of reforms".[6] Nevertheless, observers[who?] believe that China's economy can continue growing at rates of 6–8 percent until 2025,[88] though a reduction in state intervention is considered to be necessary for sustained growth.[89]

text: Despite reducing poverty and increasing China's wealth, Deng's reforms have been criticized by the Chinese New Left for increasing inequality and allowing private entrepreneurs to purchase state assets at reduced prices. These accusations were especially intense during the Lang-Gu dispute, in which New Left academic Larry Lang accused entrepreneur Gu Sujung of usurping state assets, after which Gu was imprisoned.[90] The Hu-Wen Administration adopted some New Left policies, such as halting privatizations and increasing the state sector's importance in the economy, and Keynesian policies that have been criticized by some Chinese economists who advocate a policy of deregulation, tax cuts and privatization.[79]

text: Other criticisms focus on the effects of rapid industrialization on public health and the environment. However, scholars believe that public health issues are unlikely to become major obstacles to the growth of China’s economy during the coming decades, and studies have shown that air quality and other environmental measures in China are better than those in developed countries, such as the United States and Japan, at the same level of development.[91]


document_title: Mr. Noodle

question_text: actor that plays mr. noodle on sesame street

text: Mr. Noodle

text:
Mr. Noodle
Sesame Street character
Mr. Noodle in Elmo's WorldPortrayed by
Bill IrwinInformationGender
Male

text: Mr. Noodle and his siblings—Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, Ms Noodle, and Miss Noodle—are characters who appear in the "Elmo's World" segments during the educational children's television program Sesame Street. Mr. Noodle was played by Broadway actor Bill Irwin, who had previously worked with Arlene Sherman, executive producer of Sesame Street and co-creator of "Elmo's World", in short films for the program.[1]

text: When Irwin became unavailable, Sherman asked Michael Jeter, who was her friend, to replace Irwin as Mr. Noodle's brother Mister Noodle, which he accepted enthusiastically,[2] calling it his favorite role in twenty years.[3] Jeter was in the role beginning in 2000, until his death in 2003.[4] Kristin Chenoweth played Mr. Noodle's sister Ms. Noodle,[4] and Sarah Jones played Mr. Noodle's other sister Miss Noodle. As of January 2017, Daveed Diggs and comedian Daniel Koren, have played two more of Mr. Noodle's brothers.[5] Five actors playing members of the Noodle family have won Tonys.

text: Writer Louise A. Gikow calls the Noodles "a dynasty of mimes,...in the tradition of great silent film comedians like Charlie Chaplin, Buster Keaton, and Harold Lloyd".[4] They made mistakes, but solved them with the help of "enthusiastic kid voice overs",[4] which empowered children and helped them feel smarter than the adults.

text: They were silent in order to allow Elmo to do all the talking, and to give children the opportunity to respond to what they saw on the screen. They would physically and humorously act out their replies to Elmo's questions.[4][6]

text: According to writer and "Elmo's World" co creator Judy Freudberg, "Mr. Noodle, who never speaks, is all about trial and error. When you throw him a hat, he acts like he's never seen one before. Kids feel empowered watching him because they can do what he can't".[7]  According to Sesame Street researcher Lewis Bernstein, the characters, whom he called "bungling", gave young viewers "the opportunity to figure it out" before the adults did.[4]


document_title: And the Hits Just Keep on Comin'

question_text: who said the hits just keep on coming

question_tokens: who said the hits just keep on coming

text: And the Hits Just Keep on Comin'

text:
And the Hits Just Keep on Comin'
Studio album by Michael NesmithReleased
August 1972Recorded
March 1972Genre
Country rockLength
30:26Label
RCA RecordsProducer
Michael NesmithMichael Nesmith chronology

Tantamount to Treason Vol. 1(1971)

And the Hits Just Keep on Comin'(1972)

Pretty Much Your Standard Ranch Stash(1973)

text: Professional ratingsReview scoresSourceRatingAllmusic[1]

text: And the Hits Just Keep on Comin' is an album by Michael Nesmith. Recorded for RCA Records, it was the fifth solo album after leaving The Monkees. The album was recorded and released in 1972; all ten tracks had been composed by Nesmith prior to and during his time as a member of The Monkees.

text: The album features Nesmith on vocals and acoustic guitar and long-time accompanist Red Rhodes on pedal steel guitar. Nesmith has stated that the title of the album is a reaction to the record label repeatedly asking him to write more hit songs and features Nesmith's own version of his tune "Different Drum", a hit for The Stone Poneys featuring Linda Ronstadt in 1967.[2]

text: The version of "Different Drum" found here features four verses as opposed to the three in Linda Ronstadt's version; the verses in the Ronstadt version are the song's first, the second, the bridge, and then the fourth. "Different Drum" made an unofficial debut on The Monkees episode "Too Many Girls" when Mike, posing as a mic-frightened folk singer, butchers its lyrics while playing the guitar.

text: Nesmith and Rhodes recorded an instrumental, "Cantata & Fugue In C&W," for the album but it was left off.

text: Several songs (notably "Keep On") reflect a theme common to Nesmith's country-flavored tracks — the theme of never letting fear get the best of you. The liner notes to the album are signed "Papa Nes".

text: The album was re-released on the Pacific Arts label and also reissued with Pretty Much Your Standard Ranch Stash by RCA/BMG International in 2000.[3]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All songs by Michael Nesmith.

text:
"Tomorrow & Me" – 3:45
"The Upside of Good-Bye" – 2:50
"Lady Love" – 2:50
"Listening" – 2:23
"Two Different Roads" – 2:39
"The Candidate" – 2:35
"Different Drum" – 2:58
"Harmony Constant" – 3:48
"Keep On" – 3:30
"Roll with the Flow" – 5:08

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Michael Nesmith – vocals, guitar
O.J. "Red" Rhodes – pedal steel guitar