document_title: List of Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees

question_text: who were the first brothers inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame

root

text: Inductees[edit]

text: Performers[edit]

text: The performers category is meant for recording artists and bands that have "influence and significance to the development and perpetuation of rock and roll."[2] Artists become eligible for induction in that category 25 years after the release of their first record. In order to be inducted, an artist must be nominated by a committee that selects anywhere from nine to a dozen candidates. Ballots are sent to 600 "rock experts" who then evaluate the candidates and vote on who should be inducted. The performers who receive the highest number of votes and more than 50 percent of the vote are inducted. In 2011, the number inducted was five. The rest of the categories are voted on by special committees.[2] In 2012, six additional bands and groups were inducted as performers by a special committee, due to the controversial nature of their band being excluded when their lead singer was inducted. "There was a lot of discussion about this," said Terry Stewart, a member of the nominating committee. "There had always been conversations about why the groups weren't included when the lead singers were inducted. Very honestly, nobody could really answer that question – it was so long ago... We decided we'd sit down as an organization and look at that. This is the result."[9]

tag: p

text:
Year
Image
Name
Inducted members

1986

Berry, ChuckChuck Berry

1986

Brown, JamesJames Brown

1986

Charles, RayRay Charles

1986

Cooke, SamSam Cooke

1986

Domino, FatsFats Domino

1986

Everly Brothers !The Everly Brothers
Don Everly and Phil Everly.[10]

1986

Holly, BuddyBuddy Holly

1986

Lewis, Jerry LeeJerry Lee Lewis

1986

Little Richard

1986

Presley, ElvisElvis Presley

1987

Coasters !The Coasters
Carl Gardner, Cornell Gunter, Billy Guy, and Will "Dub" Jones.[11]

1987

Cochran, EddieEddie Cochran

1987

Diddley, BoBo Diddley

1987

Franklin, ArethaAretha Franklin

1987

Gaye, MarvinMarvin Gaye

1987

Haley, BillBill Haley

1987

King, B.B.B.B. King

1987

McPhatter, ClydeClyde McPhatter

1987

Nelson, RickyRicky Nelson

1987

Orbison, RoyRoy Orbison

1987

Perkins, CarlCarl Perkins

1987

Robinson, SmokeySmokey Robinson

1987

Turner, Big JoeBig Joe Turner

1987

Waters, MuddyMuddy Waters

1987

Wilson, JackieJackie Wilson

1988

Beach Boys !The Beach Boys
Al Jardine, Mike Love, Brian Wilson, Carl Wilson, and Dennis Wilson.[12]

1988

Beatles !The Beatles
George Harrison, John Lennon, Paul McCartney, and Ringo Starr.[13]

1988

Drifters !The Drifters
Ben E. King, Rudy Lewis, Clyde McPhatter, Johnny Moore, Bill Pinkney, Charlie Thomas, and Gerhart Thrasher.[14]

1988

Dylan, BobBob Dylan

1988

Supremes !The Supremes
Florence Ballard, Diana Ross, and Mary Wilson.[15]

1989

Dion !Dion

1989

Redding, OtisOtis Redding

1989

Rolling Stones !The Rolling Stones
Mick Jagger, Brian Jones, Keith Richards, Ian Stewart, Mick Taylor, Charlie Watts, Ronnie Wood, and Bill Wyman.[16]

1989

Temptations !The Temptations
Melvin Franklin, Eddie Kendricks, David Ruffin, Otis Williams, Paul Williams, Dennis Edwards.[17]

1989

Wonder, StevieStevie Wonder

1990
—
Ballard, HankHank Ballard

1990

Darin, BobbyBobby Darin

1990

Four Seasons !The Four Seasons
Tom DeVito, Bob Gaudio, Nick Massi, and Frankie Valli.[18]

1990

Four Tops !Four Tops
Renaldo "Obie" Benson, Abdul "Duke" Fakir, Lawrence Payton, and Levi Stubbs.[19]

1990

Kinks !The Kinks
Mick Avory, Dave Davies, Ray Davies, and Pete Quaife.[20]

1990

Platters !The Platters
David Lynch, Herb Reed, Paul Robi, Zola Taylor, and Tony Williams.[21]

1990

Simon & Garfunkel
Paul Simon and Art Garfunkel.[22]

1990

Who !The Who
Roger Daltrey, John Entwistle, Keith Moon, and Pete Townshend.[23]

1991

Baker, LaVernLaVern Baker

1991

Byrds !The Byrds
Gene Clark, Michael Clarke, David Crosby, Chris Hillman, and Roger McGuinn.[24]

1991

Hooker, John LeeJohn Lee Hooker

1991
—
Impressions !The Impressions
Curtis Mayfield, Sam Gooden, Fred Cash, Arthur Brooks, Richard Brooks, and Jerry Butler.[25]

1991

Pickett, WilsonWilson Pickett

1991

Reed, JimmyJimmy Reed

1991

Turner, Ike & TinaIke & Tina Turner
Ike Turner and Tina Turner.[26]

1992

Bland, Bobby !Bobby "Blue" Bland

1992

Booker T. & the M.G.'s
Booker T. Jones, Steve Cropper, Donald "Duck" Dunn, Al Jackson Jr., and Lewie Steinberg.[27]

1992

Cash, JohnnyJohnny Cash

1992

Isley Brothers !The Isley Brothers
Ernie Isley, Marvin Isley, O'Kelly Isley Jr., Ronald Isley, Rudolph Isley, and Chris Jasper.[28]

1992

Hendrix Experience, The JimiThe Jimi Hendrix Experience
Jimi Hendrix, Mitch Mitchell, and Noel Redding.[29]

1992

Sam & Dave
Sam Moore and Dave Prater.[30]

1992

Yardbirds !The Yardbirds
Jeff Beck, Eric Clapton, Chris Dreja, Jim McCarty, Jimmy Page, Keith Relf, and Paul Samwell-Smith.[31]

1993

Brown, RuthRuth Brown

1993

Cream
Ginger Baker, Jack Bruce, and Eric Clapton.[32]

1993

Creedence Clearwater Revival
Doug Clifford, Stu Cook, John Fogerty, and Tom Fogerty.[33]

1993

Doors !The Doors
John Densmore, Robby Krieger, Ray Manzarek, and Jim Morrison.[34]

1993

Lymon & The Teenagers, FrankieFrankie Lymon & The Teenagers
Herman Santiago, Jimmy Merchant, Sherman Garnes, Frankie Lymon, and Joe Negroni[35]

1993

James, EttaEtta James

1993

Morrison, VanVan Morrison

1993

Sly and the Family Stone
Gregg Errico, Larry Graham, Jerry Martini, Cynthia Robinson, Freddie Stone, Rosie Stone, and Sly Stone.[36]

1994

Animals !The Animals
Eric Burdon, Chas Chandler, Alan Price, John Steel, and Hilton Valentine.[37]

1994

Band !The Band
Rick Danko, Levon Helm, Garth Hudson, Richard Manuel, and Robbie Robertson.[38]

1994

Eddy, DuaneDuane Eddy

1994

Grateful Dead
Tom Constanten, Jerry Garcia, Donna Jean Godchaux, Keith Godchaux, Mickey Hart, Robert Hunter, Bill Kreutzmann, Phil Lesh, Ron McKernan, Brent Mydland, Bob Weir, and Vince Welnick.[39]

1994

John, EltonElton John

1994

Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon

1994

Marley, BobBob Marley

1994

Stewart, RodRod Stewart

1995

Allman Brothers Band !The Allman Brothers Band
Duane Allman, Gregg Allman, Dickey Betts, Jai Johanny Johanson, Berry Oakley, and Butch Trucks.[40]

1995

Green, AlAl Green

1995

Joplin, JanisJanis Joplin

1995

Led Zeppelin
John Bonham, John Paul Jones, Jimmy Page, and Robert Plant[41]

1995

Martha and the Vandellas
Rosalind Ashford, Annette Beard, Betty Kelly, Lois Reeves, Martha Reeves, and Sandra Tilley.[42]

1995

Young, NeilNeil Young

1995

Zappa, FrankFrank Zappa

1996

Bowie, DavidDavid Bowie

1996

Knight & the Pips, GladysGladys Knight & the Pips
William Guest, Gladys Knight, Merald "Bubba" Knight, and Edward Patten.[43]

1996

Jefferson Airplane
Marty Balin, Jack Casady, Spencer Dryden, Paul Kantner, Jorma Kaukonen, and Grace Slick.[44]

1996

Little Willie John

1996

Pink Floyd
Syd Barrett, David Gilmour, Nick Mason, Roger Waters, and Rick Wright.[45]

1996

Shirelles !The Shirelles
Shirley Alston Reeves, Addie Harris, Doris Kenner-Jackson, and Beverly Lee.[46]

1996

Velvet Underground !The Velvet Underground
John Cale, Sterling Morrison, Lou Reed, and Maureen Tucker.[47]

1997

Bee Gees
Barry Gibb, Maurice Gibb, and Robin Gibb.[48]

1997

Buffalo Springfield
Richie Furay, Dewey Martin, Bruce Palmer, Stephen Stills, and Neil Young.[49]

1997

Crosby, Stills & Nash
David Crosby, Graham Nash, and Stephen Stills.[50]

1997

Jackson 5, TheThe Jackson 5
Jackie Jackson, Jermaine Jackson, Marlon Jackson, Michael Jackson, and Tito Jackson.[51]

1997

Mitchell, JoniJoni Mitchell

1997

Parliament-Funkadelic
Jerome Brailey, George Clinton, Bootsy Collins, Raymond Davis, Tiki Fulwood, Glenn Goins, Michael Hampton, Fuzzy Haskins, Eddie Hazel, Walter Morrison, Cordell Mosson, William "Billy Bass" Nelson, Garry Shider, Calvin Simon, Grady Thomas, and Bernie Worrell.[52]

1997

Rascals !The (Young) Rascals
Eddie Brigati, Felix Cavaliere, Gene Cornish, and Dino Danelli.[53]

1998

Eagles
Don Felder, Glenn Frey, Don Henley, Bernie Leadon, Randy Meisner, Timothy B. Schmit, and Joe Walsh.[54]

1998

Fleetwood Mac
Lindsey Buckingham, Mick Fleetwood, Peter Green, Danny Kirwan, Christine McVie, John McVie, Stevie Nicks, and Jeremy Spencer.[55]

1998

Mamas & The Papas !The Mamas & the Papas
Denny Doherty, Cass Elliot, John Phillips, and Michelle Phillips.[56]

1998

Price, LloydLloyd Price

1998

Santana
Jose Chepito Areas, David Brown, Michael Carabello, Gregg Rolie, Carlos Santana, and Michael Shrieve.[57]

1998

Vincent, GeneGene Vincent

1999

Joel, BillyBilly Joel

1999

Mayfield, CurtisCurtis Mayfield

1999

McCartney, PaulPaul McCartney

1999

Shannon, DelDel Shannon

1999

Springfield, DustyDusty Springfield

1999

Springsteen, BruceBruce Springsteen

1999

Staple Singers, TheThe Staple Singers
Cleotha Staples, Mavis Staples, Pervis Staples, Pops Staples, and Yvonne Staples.[58]

2000

Clapton, EricEric Clapton

2000

Earth, Wind & Fire
Philip Bailey, Larry Dunn, Johnny Graham, Ralph Johnson, Al McKay, Fred White, Maurice White, Verdine White, and Andrew Woolfolk.[59]

2000

Lovin' Spoonful, TheThe Lovin' Spoonful
Steve Boone, Joe Butler, John Sebastian, and Zal Yanovsky.[59]

2000

Moonglows, TheThe Moonglows
Prentiss Barnes, Harvey Fuqua, Peter Graves, Billy Johnson, and Bobby Lester.[59]

2000

Raitt, BonnieBonnie Raitt

2000

Taylor, JamesJames Taylor

2001

Aerosmith
Tom Hamilton, Joey Kramer, Joe Perry, Steven Tyler, and Brad Whitford.[60]

2001

Burke, SolomonSolomon Burke

2001

Flamingos, TheThe Flamingos
Jake Carey, Zeke Carey, Johnny Carter, Tommy Hunt, Terry "Buzzy" Johnson, Sollie McElroy, Nate Nelson, and Paul Wilson.[61]

2001

Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson

2001

Queen
John Deacon, Brian May, Freddie Mercury, and Roger Taylor.[62]

2001

Simon, PaulPaul Simon

2001

Steely Dan
Walter Becker and Donald Fagen.[63]

2001

Valens, RitchieRitchie Valens

2002

Hayes, IsaacIsaac Hayes

2002

Lee, BrendaBrenda Lee

2002

Petty and the Heartbreakers, TomTom Petty and the Heartbreakers
Tom Petty, Ron Blair, Mike Campbell, Howie Epstein, Stan Lynch, and Benmont Tench.[64]

2002

Pitney, GeneGene Pitney

2002

Ramones
Dee Dee Ramone, Joey Ramone, Johnny Ramone, Marky Ramone, and Tommy Ramone.[65]

2002

Talking Heads
David Byrne, Chris Frantz, Jerry Harrison, and Tina Weymouth.[66]

2003

AC/DC
Brian Johnson, Phil Rudd, Bon Scott, Cliff Williams, Angus Young, and Malcolm Young.[67]

2003

Clash, TheThe Clash
Terry Chimes, Topper Headon, Mick Jones, Paul Simonon, and Joe Strummer.[68]

2003

Costello & the Attractions, ElvisElvis Costello & the Attractions
Elvis Costello, Steve Nieve, Bruce Thomas, and Pete Thomas.[69]

2003

Police, TheThe Police
Stewart Copeland, Sting, and Andy Summers.[70]

2003

Righteous Brothers, TheThe Righteous Brothers
Bobby Hatfield and Bill Medley.[71]

2004

Browne, JacksonJackson Browne

2004

Dells, TheThe Dells
Verne Allison, Chuck Barksdale, Johnny Carter, Johnny Funches, Marvin Junior, and Michael McGill.[72]

2004

Harrison, GeorgeGeorge Harrison

2004

Prince

2004

Seger, BobBob Seger

2004

Traffic
Jim Capaldi, Dave Mason, Steve Winwood, and Chris Wood.[73]

2004

ZZ Top
Frank Beard, Billy Gibbons, and Dusty Hill.[74]

2005

Guy, BuddyBuddy Guy

2005

O'Jays, TheThe O'Jays
Eddie Levert, Bobby Massey, William Powell, Sammy Strain, and Walter Williams.[75]

2005

Pretenders
Martin Chambers, Pete Farndon, James Honeyman-Scott, and Chrissie Hynde.[76]

2005

Sledge, PercyPercy Sledge

2005

U2
Bono, Adam Clayton, The Edge, and Larry Mullen, Jr..[77]

2006

Black Sabbath
Geezer Butler, Tony Iommi, Ozzy Osbourne, and Bill Ward.[78]

2006

Blondie
Clem Burke, Jimmy Destri, Nigel Harrison, Debbie Harry, Frank Infante, Chris Stein, and Gary Valentine.[79]

2006

Davis, MilesMiles Davis

2006

Lynyrd Skynyrd
Bob Burns, Allen Collins, Steve Gaines, Ed King, Billy Powell, Artimus Pyle, Gary Rossington, Ronnie Van Zant, and Leon Wilkeson.[80]

2006

Sex Pistols
Paul Cook, Steve Jones, Glen Matlock, John Lydon, and Sid Vicious.[81]

2007

Grandmaster Flash and The Furious Five
Melvin "Melle Mel" Glover, Nathaniel "The Kidd Creole" Glover, Eddie "Scorpio" Morris, Joseph "Grandmaster Flash" Sadler, Robert Keith "Keef Cowboy" Wiggins, and Guy Todd "Rahiem" Williams.[82]

2007

R.E.M.
Bill Berry, Peter Buck, Mike Mills, and Michael Stipe.[83]

2007

Ronettes, TheThe Ronettes
Estelle Bennett, Ronnie Spector, and Nedra Talley.[84]

2007

Smith, PattiPatti Smith

2007

Van Halen
Michael Anthony, Sammy Hagar, David Lee Roth, Alex Van Halen, and Eddie Van Halen.[85]

2008

Clark Five, The DaveThe Dave Clark Five
Dave Clark, Lenny Davidson, Rick Huxley, Denis Payton, and Mike Smith.[86]

2008

Cohen, LeonardLeonard Cohen

2008

Madonna

2008

Mellencamp, JohnJohn Mellencamp

2008

Ventures, TheThe Ventures
Bob Bogle, Nokie Edwards, Gerry McGee, Mel Taylor, and Don Wilson.[87]

2009

Beck, JeffJeff Beck

2009

Little Anthony and the Imperials
Clarence Collins, Anthony Gourdine, Tracy Lord, Glouster "Nat" Rogers, Sammy Strain, and Ernest Wright Jr.[88]

2009

Metallica
Cliff Burton, Kirk Hammett, James Hetfield, Jason Newsted, Robert Trujillo, and Lars Ulrich.[89]

2009

Run–D.M.C.
Darryl "D.M.C." McDaniels, Jason "Jam-Master Jay" Mizell, and Joseph "DJ Run" Simmons.[90]

2009

Womack, BobbyBobby Womack

2010

ABBA
Benny Andersson, Agnetha Fältskog, Anni-Frid Lyngstad, and Björn Ulvaeus.[91]

2010

Genesis
Tony Banks, Phil Collins, Peter Gabriel, Steve Hackett, and Mike Rutherford.[92]

2010

Cliff, JimmyJimmy Cliff

2010

Hollies, TheThe Hollies
Bernie Calvert, Allan Clarke, Bobby Elliott, Eric Haydock, Tony Hicks, Graham Nash, and Terry Sylvester.[93]

2010

Stooges, TheThe Stooges
Dave Alexander, Ron Asheton, Scott Asheton, Iggy Pop, and James Williamson.[94]

2011

Alice Cooper
Alice Cooper, Michael Owen Bruce, Glen Buxton, Dennis Dunaway, and Neal Smith.[95]

2011

Diamond, NeilNeil Diamond

2011

Dr. John

2011

Love, DarleneDarlene Love

2011

Waits, TomTom Waits

2012

Beastie Boys
Michael "Mike D" Diamond, Adam "Ad-Rock" Horovitz, and Adam "MCA" Yauch.[96]

2012
—
Blue Caps !The Blue Caps[N1]
Backing band for Gene Vincent. Inducted: Tommy Facenda, Cliff Gallup, Dickie Harrell, Bobby Jones, Johnny Meeks, Jack Neal, Paul Peek, and Willie Williams.[97]

2012

Comets !The Comets[N1]
Backing band for Bill Haley. Inducted: Joey Ambrose, Franny Beecher, Danny Cedrone, Johnny Grande, Ralph Jones, Marshall Lytle, Rudy Pompilli, Al Rex, Dick Richards, and Billy Williamson.[98]

2012

Crickets !The Crickets[N1]
Backing band for Buddy Holly. Inducted: Jerry Allison, Sonny Curtis, Joe B. Mauldin, and Niki Sullivan.[99]

2012

Donovan

2012

Famous Flames !The Famous Flames[N1]
Backing vocal group for James Brown. Inducted: Bobby Bennett, Bobby Byrd, Lloyd Stallworth, and Johnny Terry.[100]

2012

Guns N' Roses
Steven Adler, Duff McKagan, Dizzy Reed, Axl Rose, Slash, Matt Sorum, and Izzy Stradlin.[101]

2012
—
Midnighters !The Midnighters[N1]
Backing vocal group for Hank Ballard. Inducted: Henry Booth, Billy Davis, Cal Green, Arthur Porter, Lawson Smith, Charles Sutton, Norman Thrasher, and Sonny Woods.[102]

2012

Miracles !The Miracles[N1]
Backing vocal group for Smokey Robinson. Inducted: Claudette Rogers, Bobby Rogers, Ronald White, Marv Tarplin, and Pete Moore.[103]

2012

Nyro, LauraLaura Nyro

2012

Red Hot Chili Peppers
Flea, John Frusciante, Jack Irons, Anthony Kiedis, Josh Klinghoffer, Cliff Martinez, Hillel Slovak, and Chad Smith.[104]

2012
—
Small Faces/Faces
Kenney Jones, Ronnie Lane, Ian McLagan, Steve Marriott, Rod Stewart, and Ronnie Wood.[105]

2013

Heart
Michael DeRosier, Roger Fisher, Steve Fossen, Howard Leese, Ann Wilson, and Nancy Wilson.[106]

2013

King, AlbertAlbert King

2013

Newman, RandyRandy Newman

2013

Public Enemy
Flavor Flav, Professor Griff, Terminator X, and Chuck D.[107]

2013

Rush
Geddy Lee, Alex Lifeson, and Neil Peart.[108]

2013

Summer, DonnaDonna Summer

2014

Gabriel, PeterPeter Gabriel

2014

Hall & Oates
Daryl Hall and John Oates.[109]

2014

Kiss
Peter Criss, Ace Frehley, Gene Simmons, and Paul Stanley.[110]

2014

Nirvana
Kurt Cobain, Dave Grohl, and Krist Novoselic.[111]

2014

Ronstadt, LindaLinda Ronstadt

2014

Stevens, CatCat Stevens

2015

Butterfield Blues Band, The PaulThe Paul Butterfield Blues Band
Paul Butterfield, Mike Bloomfield, Elvin Bishop, Mark Naftalin, Jerome Arnold, Billy Davenport, and Sam Lay.[112]

2015

Jett & the Blackhearts, JoanJoan Jett & the Blackhearts
Joan Jett, Gary Ryan, Lee Crystal, and Ricky Byrd.[112]

2015

Reed, LouLou Reed[113]

2015

Green Day
Billie Joe Armstrong, Tré Cool, and Mike Dirnt.[113]

2015

Vaughan, Stevie RayStevie Ray Vaughan and Double Trouble
Stevie Ray Vaughan, Chris Layton, Tommy Shannon, and Reese Wynans.[112]

2015

Withers, BillBill Withers

2016

Cheap Trick
Bun E. Carlos, Rick Nielsen, Tom Petersson, and Robin Zander.[114]

2016

Chicago
Peter Cetera, Terry Kath, Robert Lamm, Lee Loughnane, James Pankow, Walter Parazaider, and Danny Seraphine.[114]

2016

Deep Purple
Ritchie Blackmore, David Coverdale, Rod Evans, Ian Gillan, Roger Glover, Glenn Hughes, Jon Lord, and Ian Paice[114]

2016

N.W.A
DJ Yella, Ice Cube, MC Ren, Eazy-E, and Dr. Dre[114]

2016

Miller, SteveSteve Miller

2017

Electric Light Orchestra
Bev Bevan, Jeff Lynne, Richard Tandy, and Roy Wood[115]

2017

Baez, JoanJoan Baez

2017

Journey
Jonathan Cain, Aynsley Dunbar, Steve Perry, Gregg Rolie, Neal Schon, Steve Smith, and Ross Valory[116]

2017

Pearl Jam
Jeff Ament, Matt Cameron, Stone Gossard, Dave Krusen, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder[117]

2017

Tupac Shakur

2017

Yes
Jon Anderson, Bill Bruford, Steve Howe, Tony Kaye, Trevor Rabin, Chris Squire, Rick Wakeman, and Alan White[118]

tag: table

text: ^ Note 1. These backing bands were inducted by a separate committee, and not by the ballot voting used for all other performer inductees.

text: Early influences[edit]

text: Artists inducted into the early influences category are those "whose music predated rock and roll but had an impact on the evolution of rock and roll and inspired rock's leading artists."[2] Unlike the performers category, these inductees are selected by a committee. The full process is not transparent and it is unclear who comprises this selection committee.[2]

text:
Year
Name

1986
Rodgers, JimmieJimmie Rodgers

1986
Yancey, JimmyJimmy Yancey

1986
Johnson, RobertRobert Johnson

1987
Jordan, LouisLouis Jordan

1987
Walker, T-BoneT-Bone Walker

1987
Williams, HankHank Williams

1988
Guthrie, WoodyWoody Guthrie

1988
Lead Belly

1988
Les Paul

1989
Ink Spots !The Ink Spots[A]

1989
Smith, BessieBessie Smith

1989
Soul Stirrers !The Soul Stirrers[B]

1990
Christian, CharlieCharlie Christian

1990
Armstrong, LouisLouis Armstrong

1990
Rainey, MaMa Rainey

1991
Howlin' Wolf

1992
James, ElmoreElmore James

1992
Longhair, ProfessorProfessor Longhair

1993
Washington, DinahDinah Washington

1994
Dixon, WillieWillie Dixon

1995
Orioles, TheThe Orioles[C]

1996
Seeger, PetePete Seeger

1997
Jackson, MahaliaMahalia Jackson

1997
Monroe, BillBill Monroe

1998
Jelly Roll Morton

1999
Bob Wills & His Texas Playboys[D]

1999
Brown, CharlesCharles Brown

2000
Cole, Nat !Nat King Cole

2000
Holiday, BillieBillie Holiday

2009
Jackson, WandaWanda Jackson

2012
King, FreddieFreddie King[E]

2015
5 Royalses !The "5" Royales[E][F]

text:
^ A. Inducted members: Bill Kenny, Charlie Fuqua, Deek Watson, and Orville "Hoppy" Jones.[119]
^ B. Inducted members: Roy Crain Sr., R. H. Harris, Jesse Farley, and E. A. Rundless.[120]
^ C. Inducted members: Sonny Til, Tommy Gaither, George Nelson, Johnny Reed, and Alexander Sharp.[121]
^ D. Inducted members: Bob Wills, Tommy Duncan, Leon McAuliffe, Johnny Gimble, Joe "Jody" Holley, Tiny Moore, Herb Remington, Eldon Shamblin, and Al Stricklin.[122]
^ E. Nominated as a performer.
^ F. Inducted members: John L. Tanner, Eugene Tanner, James E. Moore, Obadiah H. Carter and Lowman Pauling, Jr [112]

text: Non-performers (Ahmet Ertegun Award)[edit]

text: The non-performer category honors "songwriters, producers, disc jockeys, record executives, journalists and other industry professionals who have had a major influence on the development of rock and roll."[2] Several of the inductees in this category were in fact prominent performers as well. The inductees in this category are selected by the same committee that chooses the early influences. The full process is not transparent and it is unclear who comprises this selection committee.[2] This category has been criticized for inducting those that have "been coming to the dinner for years and paying for their tickets" and not revealing their full criteria.[123] In 2008, this category was renamed the "Ahmet Ertegün Award".[124]

text:
Year
Name

1986
Freed, AlanAlan Freed

1986
Phillips, SamSam Phillips

1987
Chess, LeonardLeonard Chess

1987
Ertegun, AhmetAhmet Ertegun

1987
Leiber !Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller

1987
Wexler, JerryJerry Wexler

1988
Gordy, Jr., BerryBerry Gordy, Jr.

1989
Spector, PhilPhil Spector

1990
Gerry Goffin and Carole King

1990
Holland–Dozier–Holland

1991
Bartholomew, DaveDave Bartholomew

1991
Bass, RalphRalph Bass

1992
Fender, LeoLeo Fender

1992
Graham, BillBill Graham

1992
Pomus, DocDoc Pomus

1993
Clark, DickDick Clark

1993
Gabler, MiltMilt Gabler

1994
Otis, JohnnyJohnny Otis

1995
Ackerman, PaulPaul Ackerman

1996
Donahue, TomTom Donahue

1997
Nathan, SydSyd Nathan

1998
Toussaint, AllenAllen Toussaint

1999
Martin, GeorgeGeorge Martin

2000
Davis, CliveClive Davis

2001
Blackwell, ChrisChris Blackwell

2002
Stewart, JimJim Stewart

2003
Ostin, MoMo Ostin

2008
Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff

2010
Geffen, DavidDavid Geffen

2010
Blackwell, OtisOtis Blackwell

2010
Jeff Barry and Ellie Greenwich

2010
Shuman, MortMort Shuman

2010
Stone, JesseJesse Stone

2010
Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil

2011
Holzman, JacJac Holzman

2011
Rupe, ArtArt Rupe

2012
Kirshner, DonDon Kirshner

2013
Adler, LouLou Adler

2013
Jones, QuincyQuincy Jones

2014
Epstein, BrianBrian Epstein

2014
Andrew Loog Oldham

2016
Berns, BertBert Berns

text: Award for Musical Excellence[edit]

text: This category, which replaced sidemen, "honors those musicians, producers and others who have spent their careers out of the spotlight working with major artists on various parts of their recording and live careers."

text:
Year
Name

2011
Russell, LeonLeon Russell

2012
Matassa, CosimoCosimo Matassa

2012
Dowd, TomTom Dowd

2012
Johns, GlynGlyn Johns

2014
E Street Band [G]

2015
Ringo Starr

2017
Nile Rodgers[125]

text: ^ G. Inducted members: Garry Tallent, Roy Bittan, Max Weinberg, Steven Van Zandt, Nils Lofgren, Patti Scialfa, Clarence Clemons, Danny Federici, Vini Lopez, David Sancious.

text: Sidemen[edit]

text: Established in 2000, the sidemen category "honors those musicians who have spent their careers out of the spotlight, performing as backup musicians for major artists on recording sessions and in concert." A separate committee, composed mainly of producers, chooses the inductees.[2] In 2010, the category was renamed to "Award for Musical Excellence". According to Joel Peresman, the president of the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Foundation, "This award gives us flexibility to dive into some things and recognize some people who might not ordinarily get recognized."[126]

text:
Year
Name
Instrument

2000
Blaine, HalHal Blaine
Drums[127]

2000
Curtis, KingKing Curtis
Saxophone[128]

2000
Jamerson, JamesJames Jamerson
Bass guitar[129]

2000
Moore, ScottyScotty Moore
Guitar[130]

2000
Palmer, EarlEarl Palmer
Drums[131]

2001
Burton, JamesJames Burton
Guitar[132]

2001
Johnson, JohnnieJohnnie Johnson
Piano[133]

2002
Atkins, ChetChet Atkins
Guitar[134]

2003
Benjamin, BennyBenny Benjamin
Drums[135]

2003
Cramer, FloydFloyd Cramer
Piano[136]

2003
Douglas, SteveSteve Douglas
Saxophone[137]

2008
Walter, LittleLittle Walter
Harmonica[138]

2009
Black, BillBill Black
Bass guitar[139]

2009
Fontana, D. J.D. J. Fontana
Drums[140]

2009
Oldham, SpoonerSpooner Oldham
Keyboard[141]

text: Lifetime achievement[edit]

text: The following were inducted for "Lifetime Achievement in the Non-Performer Category."[2]

text:
Year
Name

1986
Hammond, JohnJohn Hammond

1991
Ertegun, NesuhiNesuhi Ertegun

2004
Wenner, JannJann Wenner

2005
Barsalona, FrankFrank Barsalona

2005
Stein, SeymourSeymour Stein

2006
Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss

text: Multiple inductees[edit]

text: As of 2017, 22 performers have been inducted twice or more; fourteen have been recognized as a solo artist and with a band and seven have been inducted with two separate bands. Eric Clapton is the only one to be inducted three times: as a solo artist, with Cream and The Yardbirds.[142] Clyde McPhatter was the first to ever be inducted twice and is one of three artists to be inducted first as a solo artist and then as a member of a band, the other artists being Neil Young and Rod Stewart. Stephen Stills is the only artist to be inducted twice in the same year. Crosby, Stills & Nash, inducted in 1997, is the only band to see all of its inducted members be inducted with other acts: David Crosby with The Byrds in 1991, Stephen Stills with Buffalo Springfield in 1997, and Graham Nash with The Hollies in 2010. The Beatles, inducted in 1988, is the second band to have all of its members be inducted, as well as the only band to have each of its members be inducted for their solo careers as their second induction. Ringo Starr is the first inductee to be inducted twice in different categories (The Beatles were inducted in the performers category in 1988 and Starr was inducted as a solo artist in the Award for Musical Excellence category in 2015). He also holds the record for the longest time between first and second inductions, at 27 years. Both of Stills' inductions happened during the 1997 ceremony and Clapton and McPhatter were inducted in back-to-back years (1987/88 for McPhatter, 1992/93 for Clapton, as well as his solo induction in 2000). The Traveling Wilburys are the only band to have all of its members be inducted without the band itself having been inducted: Roy Orbison as a solo artist in 1987, Bob Dylan as a solo artist in 1988, George Harrison with the Beatles in 1988 and as a solo artist in 2004, Tom Petty with Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers in 2002, and Jeff Lynne with the Electric Light Orchestra in 2017.

text:
Name
First
Year
Second
Year
Third
Year

Beck, JeffJeff Beck
Yardbirds !The Yardbirds
1992
zzzzz !Solo career
2009
—
—

Carter, JohnnyJohnny Carter
Flamingos !The Flamingos
2001
Dells !The Dells
2004
—
—

Clapton, EricEric Clapton
Yardbirds !The Yardbirds
1992
Cream
1993
Solo career
2000

Crosby, DavidDavid Crosby
Byrds !The Byrds
1991
Crosby, Stills & Nash
1997
—
—

Gabriel, PeterPeter Gabriel
Genesis !Genesis
2010
Solo career
2014
—
—

Harrison, GeorgeGeorge Harrison
Beatles !The Beatles
1988
zzzzz !Solo career
2004
—
—

Jackson, MichaelMichael Jackson
Jackson Five !The Jackson Five
1997
zzzzz !Solo career
2001
—
—

Lennon, JohnJohn Lennon
Beatles !The Beatles
1988
zzzzz !Solo career
1994
—
—

Mayfield, CurtisCurtis Mayfield
Impressions !The Impressions
1991
zzzzz !Solo career
1999
—
—

McCartney, PaulPaul McCartney
Beatles !The Beatles
1988
zzzzz !Solo career
1999
—
—

McPhatter, ClydeClyde McPhatter
zzzzz !Solo career
1987
Drifters !The Drifters
1988
—
—

Nash, GrahamGraham Nash
Crosby, Stills & Nash
1997
Hollies !The Hollies
2010
—
—

Page, JimmyJimmy Page
Yardbirds !The Yardbirds
1992
Led Zeppelin
1995
—
—

Reed, LouLou Reed
Velvet Underground !The Velvet Underground
1996
zzzzz !Solo career
2015
—
—

Rolie, GreggGregg Rolie
Santana
1998
Journey
2017
—
—

Simon, PaulPaul Simon
Simon and Garfunkel
1990
zzzzz !Solo career
2001
—
—

Starr, RingoRingo Starr
Beatles !The Beatles
1988
Award For Musical Excellence, Solo career
2015
—
—

Stewart, RodRod Stewart
zzzzz !Solo career
1994
Faces
2012
—
—

Stills, StephenStephen Stills
Buffalo Springfield
1997
Crosby, Stills & Nash
1997
—
—

Strain, Sammy !Sammy Strain
The O'Jays
2005
Little Anthony & The Imperials
2009
—
—

Wood, RonnieRonnie Wood
Rolling Stones !The Rolling Stones
1989
Faces
2012
—
—

Young, NeilNeil Young
zzzzz !Solo career
1995
Buffalo Springfield
1997
—
—

text: 2018 nominees[edit]

text:
Bon Jovi
Kate Bush
The Cars
Depeche Mode
Dire Straits
Eurythmics
The J. Geils Band
Judas Priest
LL Cool J
MC5
The Meters
The Moody Blues
Radiohead
Rage Against the Machine
Rufus featuring Chaka Khan
Nina Simone
Sister Rosetta Tharpe
Link Wray
The Zombies [143]


document_title: French Constitution of 1791

question_text: who made the laws in france under the constitution of 1791

text: French Constitution of 1791

text: Drafting process[edit]

text: Early efforts[edit]

text: The National Assembly began the process of drafting a constitution. The Declaration of the Rights of Man, adopted on 27 August 1789 eventually became the preamble of the constitution adopted on 3 September 1791.[1] The Declaration offered sweeping generalizations about rights, liberty, and sovereignty.[2]

text: A twelve-member Constitutional Committee was convened on 14 July 1789 (coincidentally the day of the Storming of the Bastille). Its task was to do much of the drafting of the articles of the constitution. It included originally two members from the First Estate (Champion de Cicé, Archbishop of Bordeaux and Talleyrand, Bishop of Autun); two from the Second (the comte de Clermont-Tonnerre and the marquis de Lally-Tollendal); and four from the Third (Jean Joseph Mounier, Abbé Sieyès, Nicholas Bergasse, and Isaac René Guy le Chapelier).

text: Many proposals for redefining the French state were floated, particularly in the days after the remarkable sessions of 4–5 August 1789 and the abolition of feudalism. For instance, the Marquis de Lafayette proposed a combination of the American and British systems, introducing a bicameral parliament, with the king having the suspensive veto power over the legislature, modeled to the authority then recently vested in the President of the United States.

text: The main controversies early on surrounded the issues of what level of power to be granted to the king of France (i.e.: veto, suspensive or absolute) and what form would the legislature take (i.e.: unicameral or bicameral). The Constitutional Committee proposed a bicameral legislature, but the motion was defeated 10 September 1789 (849–89) in favor of one house; the next day, they proposed an absolute veto, but were again defeated (673–325) in favor of a suspensive veto, which could be over-ridden by three consecutive legislatures.

text: New Constitutional Committee[edit]

text: A second Constitutional Committee quickly replaced it, and included Talleyrand, Abbé Sieyès, and Le Chapelier from the original group, as well as new members Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target, Jacques Guillaume Thouret, Jean-Nicolas Démeunier, François Denis Tronchet, and Jean-Paul Rabaut Saint-Étienne, all of the Third Estate.

text: Their greatest controversy faced by this new committee surrounded the issue of citizenship. Would every subject of the French Crown be given equal rights, as the Declaration of Rights of Man and Citizen seemed to promise, or would there be some restrictions? The October Days (5–6 October) intervened and rendered the question much more complicated. In the end, a distinction was held between active citizens (over the age of 25, paid direct taxes equal to three days' labor) which had political rights, and passive citizens, who had only civil rights. This conclusion was intolerable to such radical deputies as Maximilien Robespierre, and thereafter they never could be reconciled to the Constitution of 1791.

text: Committee of Revisions[edit]

text: A second body, the Committee of Revisions, was struck September 1790, and included Antoine Barnave, Adrien Duport, and Charles de Lameth. Because the National Assembly was both a legislature and a constitutional convention, it was not always clear when its decrees were constitutional articles or mere statutes. It was the job of this committee to sort it out. The committee became very important in the days after the Champs de Mars Massacre, when a wave of revulsion against popular movements swept France and resulted in a renewed effort to preserve powers for the Crown. The result is the rise of the Feuillants, a new political faction led by Barnave, who used his position on the committee to preserve a number of powers for the Crown, such as the nomination of ambassadors, military leaders, and ministers.

text: Results[edit]

text: After very long negotiations, the constitution was reluctantly accepted by King Louis XVI in September 1791. Redefining the organization of the French government, citizenship and the limits to the powers of government, the National Assembly set out to represent the interests of the general will. It abolished many “institutions which were injurious to liberty and equality of rights”. The National Assembly asserted its legal presence in French government by establishing its permanence in the Constitution and forming a system for recurring elections. The Assembly's belief in a sovereign nation and in equal representation can be seen in the constitutional separation of powers. The National Assembly was the legislative body, the king and royal ministers made up the executive branch and the judiciary was independent of the other two branches. On a local level, the previous feudal geographic divisions were formally abolished, and the territory of the French state was divided into several administrative units, Departments (Départements), but with the principle of centralism.

text: Evaluation[edit]

text: The Assembly, as constitution-framers, were afraid that if only representatives governed France, it was likely to be ruled by the representatives' self-interest; therefore, the king was allowed a suspensive veto to balance out the interests of the people. By the same token, representative democracy weakened the king’s executive authority.

text: The constitution was not egalitarian by today's standards. It distinguished between the propertied active citizens and the poorer passive citizens. Women lacked rights to liberties such as education, freedom to speak, write, print and worship.

text: Keith M. Baker writes in his essay “Constitution” that the National Assembly threaded between two options when drafting the Constitution: they could modify the existing, unwritten constitution centered on the three estates of the Estates General or they could start over and rewrite it completely. The National Assembly wanted to reorganize social structure and legalize itself: while born of the Estates General of 1789, it had abolished the tricameral structure of that body.

text: With the onset of war and the threat of the revolution's collapse, radical Jacobin and ultimately republican conceptions grew enormously in popularity, increasing the influence of Robespierre, Danton, Marat and the Paris Commune. When the King used his veto powers to protect non-juring priests and refused to raise militias in defense of the revolutionary government, the constitutional monarchy proved unworkable and was effectively ended by the 10 August insurrection. A National Convention was called, electing Robespierre as its first deputy; it was the first assembly in France elected by universal male suffrage. The convention declared France a republic on 22 September 1792.[3]