document_title: List of Premier League hat-tricks

question_text: who has scored a hat trick against man utd

text: List of Premier League hat-tricks

text: Hat-tricks

text:
Key

4

Player scored four goals

5

Player scored five goals

Player scored hat-trick as a substitute

D L

Player was not on the winning team (game Drawn or Lost)

*

The home team

tag: table

text:
Player

Nationality

For

Against

Result

Date

Ref

Eric Cantona

 France
Leeds United*
Tottenham Hotspur
5–0
25 August 1992
[12]

Mark Robins

 England
Norwich City*
Oldham Athletic
3–2
9 November 1992
[13]

John Hendrie

 Scotland
Middlesbrough*
Blackburn Rovers
3–2
5 December 1992
[14]

Andy Sinton

 England
Queens Park Rangers*
Everton
4–2
28 December 1992
[15]

Brian Deane

 England
Sheffield United*
Ipswich Town
3–0
16 January 1993
[16]

Teddy Sheringham

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
Leeds United
4–0
20 February 1993
[17]

Gordon Strachan

 Scotland
Leeds United*
Blackburn Rovers
5–2
10 April 1993
[18]

Les Ferdinand

 England
Queens Park Rangers*
Nottingham Forest
4–3
10 April 1993
[19]

Chris Bart-Williams

 England
Sheffield Wednesday*
Southampton
5–2
12 April 1993
[20]

Les Ferdinand

 England
Queens Park Rangers
Everton*
3–5
12 April 1993
[21]

Chris Sutton

 England
Norwich City*
Leeds United
4–2
14 April 1993
[22]

Mark Walters

 England
Liverpool*
Coventry City
4–0
17 April 1993
[23]

Rod WallaceD

 England
Leeds United
Coventry City*
3–3
8 May 1993
[24]

Matthew Le TissierL

 England
Southampton
Oldham Athletic*
4–3
8 May 1993
[25]

Micky Quinn

 England
Coventry City
Arsenal*
0–3
14 August 1993
[26]

Tony Cottee

 England
Everton*
Sheffield United
4–2
21 August 1993
[27]

Kevin Campbell

 England
Arsenal*
Ipswich Town
4–0
11 September 1993
[28]

Efan Ekoku4

 Nigeria
Norwich City
Everton*
1–5
25 September 1993
[29]

Alan ShearerD

 England
Blackburn Rovers
Leeds United*
3–3
23 October 1993
[30]

Peter Beardsley

 England
Newcastle United*
Wimbledon
4–0
30 October 1993
[31]

Robbie Fowler

 England
Liverpool*
Southampton
4–2
30 October 1993
[32]

Bradley Allen

 England
Queens Park Rangers
Everton*
0–3
20 November 1993
[33]

Andy Cole

 England
Newcastle United*
Liverpool
3–0
21 November 1993
[34]

Kevin Campbell

 England
Arsenal*
Swindon Town
4–0
27 December 1993
[35]

Tony Cottee

 England
Everton*
Swindon Town
6–0
15 January 1994
[36]

Jan Åge Fjørtoft

 Norway
Swindon Town*
Coventry City
3–1
5 February 1994
[37]

Dean Saunders

 Wales
Aston Villa*
Swindon Town
5–0
12 February 1994
[38]

Matthew Le Tissier

 England
Southampton*
Liverpool
4–2
14 February 1994
[39]

Andy Cole

 England
Newcastle United*
Coventry City
4–0
23 February 1994
[40]

Ian Wright

 England
Arsenal
Ipswich Town*
1–5
5 March 1994
[41]

Ian Wright

 England
Arsenal
Southampton*
0–4
19 March 1994
[42]

Matthew Le Tissier

 England
Southampton
Norwich City*
4–5
9 April 1994
[43]

Dean Holdsworth

 England
Wimbledon*
Oldham Athletic
3–0
26 April 1994
[44]

Chris Sutton

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
Coventry City
4–0
27 August 1994
[45]

Robbie Fowler

 England
Liverpool*
Arsenal
4–3
28 August 1994
[1]

Andrei Kanchelskis

 Russia
Manchester United*
Manchester City
5–0
10 November 1994
[46]

Alan Shearer

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
Queens Park Rangers
4–0
26 November 1994
[47]

Teddy Sheringham

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
Newcastle United
4–2
3 December 1994
[48]

Tony Cottee

 England
West Ham United*
Manchester City
3–0
17 December 1994
[49]

Alan Shearer

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
West Ham United
4–2
2 January 1995
[50]

Alan Shearer

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
Ipswich Town
4–1
28 January 1995
[51]

Tommy Johnson

 England
Aston Villa*
Wimbledon
7–1
11 February 1995
[52]

Andy Cole5

 England
Manchester United*
Ipswich Town
9–0
4 March 1995
[53]

Peter Ndlovu

 Zimbabwe
Coventry City
Liverpool*
2–3
14 March 1995
[54]

Tony Yeboah

 Ghana
Leeds United*
Ipswich Town
4–0
5 April 1995
[55]

Ian Wright

 England
Arsenal*
Ipswich Town
4–1
15 April 1995
[56]

Matthew Le TissierL

 England
Southampton*
Nottingham Forest
3–4
19 August 1995
[57]

Robbie Fowler4

 England
Liverpool*
Bolton Wanderers
5–2
23 September 1995
[58]

Alan Shearer

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
Coventry City
5–1
23 September 1995
[59]

Tony Yeboah

 Ghana
Leeds United
Wimbledon*
2–4
23 September 1995
[60]

Les Ferdinand

 England
Newcastle United*
Wimbledon
6–1
21 October 1995
[61]

Gary McAllister

 Scotland
Leeds United*
Coventry City
3–1
28 October 1995
[62]

Alan Shearer

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
Nottingham Forest
7–0
18 November 1995
[63]

Alan Shearer

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
West Ham United
4–2
2 December 1995
[64]

Dion DublinL

 England
Coventry City
Sheffield Wednesday*
4–3
4 December 1995
[65]

Savo Milošević

 Yugoslavia
Aston Villa*
Coventry City
4–1
16 December 1995
[66]

Robbie Fowler

 England
Liverpool*
Arsenal
3–1
23 December 1995
[67]

Alan Shearer

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
Bolton Wanderers
3–1
3 February 1996
[68]

Gavin Peacock

 England
Chelsea*
Middlesbrough
5–0
4 February 1996
[69]

Alan Shearer

 England
Blackburn Rovers
Tottenham Hotspur*
2–3
16 March 1996
[70]

Mark Hughes

 Wales
Chelsea*
Leeds United
4–1
13 April 1996
[71]

Andrei Kanchelskis

 Russia
Everton
Sheffield Wednesday*
2–5
27 April 1996
[72]

Kevin Campbell

 England
Nottingham Forest
Coventry City*
0–3
17 August 1996
[73]

Fabrizio RavanelliD

 Italy
Middlesbrough*
Liverpool
3–3
17 August 1996
[74]

Ian Wright

 England
Arsenal*
Sheffield Wednesday
4–1
16 September 1996
[75]

Dwight YorkeL

 Trinidad and Tobago
Aston Villa
Newcastle United*
4–3
30 September 1996
[76]

Gary Speed

 Wales
Everton*
Southampton
7–1
16 November 1996
[77]

Robbie Fowler4

 England
Liverpool*
Middlesbrough
5–1
14 December 1996
[78]

Alan Shearer

 England
Newcastle United*
Leicester City
4–3
2 February 1997
[79]

Ian Marshall

 England
Leicester City*
Derby County
4–2
22 February 1997
[80]

Steffen Iversen

 Norway
Tottenham Hotspur
Sunderland*
0–4
4 March 1997
[81]

Fabrizio Ravanelli

 Italy
Middlesbrough*
Derby County
6–1
5 March 1997
[82]

Kevin Gallacher

 Scotland
Blackburn Rovers*
Wimbledon
3–1
15 March 1997
[83]

Paul Kitson

 England
West Ham United*
Sheffield Wednesday
5–1
3 May 1997
[84]

Dion Dublin

 England
Coventry City*
Chelsea
3–2
9 August 1997
[85]

Chris Sutton

 England
Blackburn Rovers
Aston Villa*
0–4
13 August 1997
[86]

Gianluca Vialli4

 Italy
Chelsea
Barnsley*
0–6
24 August 1997
[87]

Dennis BergkampD

 Netherlands
Arsenal*
Leicester City
3–3
27 August 1997
[88]

Ian Wright

 England
Arsenal*
Bolton Wanderers
4–1
13 September 1997
[89]

Patrik Berger

 Czech Republic
Liverpool*
Chelsea
4–2
5 October 1997
[90]

Andy Cole

 England
Manchester United*
Barnsley
7–0
25 October 1997
[91]

Andy Booth

 England
Sheffield Wednesday*
Bolton Wanderers
5–0
8 November 1997
[92]

Gianfranco Zola

 Italy
Chelsea*
Derby County
4–0
29 November 1997
[93]

Tore André Flo

 Norway
Chelsea
Tottenham Hotspur*
1–6
6 December 1997
[94]

Duncan Ferguson

 Scotland
Everton*
Bolton Wanderers
3–2
28 December 1997
[95]

Kevin Gallacher

 Scotland
Blackburn Rovers*
Aston Villa
5–0
17 January 1998
[96]

Michael OwenD

 England
Liverpool
Sheffield Wednesday*
3–3
14 February 1998
[97]

Chris Sutton

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
Leicester City
5–3
28 February 1998
[98]

Darren HuckerbyD

 England
Coventry City
Leeds United*
3–3
25 April 1998
[99]

Jürgen Klinsmann4

 Germany
Tottenham Hotspur
Wimbledon*
2–6
2 May 1998
[100]

Clive Mendonca

 England
Charlton Athletic*
Southampton
5–0
22 August 1998
[101]

Michael Owen

 England
Liverpool
Newcastle United*
1–4
30 August 1998
[102]

Michael Owen4

 England
Liverpool*
Nottingham Forest
5–1
24 October 1998
[103]

Dion Dublin

 England
Aston Villa
Southampton
1–4
14 November 1998
[104]

Robbie Fowler

 England
Liverpool
Aston Villa*
2–4
21 November 1998
[105]

Chris Armstrong

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
Everton
4–1
28 December 1998
[106]

Darren Huckerby

 England
Coventry City*
Nottingham Forest
4–0
9 January 1999
[107]

Robbie Fowler

 England
Liverpool*
Southampton
7–1
16 January 1999
[108]

Dwight Yorke

 Trinidad and Tobago
Manchester United
Leicester City*
2–6
16 January 1999
[109]

Ole Gunnar Solskjær4

 Norway
Manchester United
Nottingham Forest*
1–8
6 February 1999
[1][110][111]

Nicolas Anelka

 France
Arsenal*
Leicester City
5–0
20 February 1999
[112]

Kevin Campbell

 England
Everton*
West Ham United
6–0
8 May 1999
[113]

Michael Bridges

 England
Leeds United
Southampton*
0–3
11 August 1999
[114]

Andy Cole4

 England
Manchester United*
Newcastle United
5–1
30 August 1999
[115]

Kevin Phillips

 England
Sunderland
Derby County*
0–5
18 September 1999
[116]

Alan Shearer5

 England
Newcastle United*
Sheffield Wednesday
8–0
19 September 1999
[117]

Nwankwo Kanu

 Nigeria
Arsenal
Chelsea*
2–3
23 October 1999
[118]

Marc Overmars

 Netherlands
Arsenal*
Middlesbrough
5–1
21 November 1999
[119]

Ole Gunnar Solskjær4

 Norway
Manchester United*
Everton
5–1
4 December 1999
[120]

Nick Barmby

 England
Everton
West Ham United*
0–4
26 February 2000
[121]

Stan Collymore

 England
Leicester City*
Sunderland
5–2
5 March 2000
[122]

Steffen Iversen

 Norway
Tottenham Hotspur*
Southampton
7–2
11 March 2000
[123]

Dwight Yorke

 Trinidad and Tobago
Manchester United*
Derby County
3–1
11 March 2000
[124]

Paul Scholes

 England
Manchester United*
West Ham United
7–1
1 April 2000
[125]

Dean WindassD

 England
Bradford City*
Derby County
4–4
21 April 2000
[126]

Paulo Wanchope

 Costa Rica
Manchester City*
Sunderland
4–2
23 August 2000
[127]

Michael Owen

 England
Liverpool*
Aston Villa
3–1
6 September 2000
[128]

Emile Heskey

 England
Liverpool
Derby County*
0–4
15 October 2000
[129]

Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink4

 Netherlands
Chelsea*
Coventry City
6–1
21 October 2000
[130]

Teddy Sheringham

 England
Manchester United*
Southampton
5–0
28 October 2000
[131]

Mark Viduka4

 Australia
Leeds United*
Liverpool
4–3
4 November 2000
[132]

Les Ferdinand

 England
Tottenham Hotspur
Leicester City*
3–0
25 November 2000
[133]

Ray Parlour

 England
Arsenal*
Newcastle United
5–0
10 December 2000
[134]

Thierry Henry

 France
Arsenal*
Leicester City
6–1
26 December 2000
[135]

Kevin Phillips

 England
Sunderland
Bradford City*
1–4
26 December 2000
[136]

Dwight Yorke

 Trinidad and Tobago
Manchester United*
Arsenal
6–1
25 February 2001
[137]

Sylvain Wiltord

 France
Arsenal*
West Ham United
3–0
3 March 2001
[138]

Marcus Stewart

 England
Ipswich Town
Southampton*
0–3
7 April 2001
[139]

Michael Owen

 England
Liverpool*
Newcastle United
3–0
5 May 2001
[140]

Robbie Fowler

 England
Liverpool
Leicester City*
1–4
20 October 2001
[141]

Paul KitsonD

 England
West Ham United
Charlton Athletic*
4–4
19 November 2001
[142]

Ruud van Nistelrooy

 Netherlands
Manchester United*
Southampton
6–1
22 December 2001
[143]

Robbie Fowler

 England
Leeds United
Bolton Wanderers*
0–3
26 December 2001
[144]

Ole Gunnar Solskjær

 Norway
Manchester United
Bolton Wanderers*
0–4
29 January 2002
[145]

Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink

 Netherlands
Chelsea*
Tottenham Hotspur
4–0
13 March 2002
[146]

Fredi Bobic

 Germany
Bolton Wanderers*
Ipswich Town
4–1
6 April 2002
[147]

Michael Owen

 England
Liverpool
Manchester City*
0–3
28 September 2002
[148]

James Beattie

 England
Southampton*
Fulham
4–2
27 October 2002
[149]

Ruud van Nistelrooy

 Netherlands
Manchester United*
Newcastle United
5–3
23 November 2002
[150]

Robbie Keane

 Ireland
Tottenham Hotspur*
Everton
4–3
12 January 2003
[151]

Thierry Henry

 France
Arsenal*
West Ham United
3–1
19 January 2003
[152]

Ruud van Nistelrooy

 Netherlands
Manchester United*
Fulham
3–0
22 March 2003
[153]

Mark Viduka

 Australia
Leeds United
Charlton Athletic*
1–6
5 April 2003
[154]

Paul Scholes

 England
Manchester United
Newcastle United*
2–6
12 April 2003
[155]

Michael Owen4

 England
Liverpool
West Bromwich Albion*
0–6
26 April 2003
[156]

Ruud van Nistelrooy

 Netherlands
Manchester United*
Charlton Athletic
4–1
3 May 2003
[157]

Jermaine Pennant

 England
Arsenal*
Southampton
6–1
7 May 2003
[158]

Robert Pirès

 France
Arsenal*
Southampton
6–1
7 May 2003
[158]

Fredrik Ljungberg

 Sweden
Arsenal
Sunderland*
0–4
11 May 2003
[159]

Teddy Sheringham

 England
Portsmouth*
Bolton Wanderers
4–0
26 August 2003
[160]

Nicolas Anelka

 France
Manchester City*
Aston Villa
4–1
14 September 2003
[161]

Ruud van Nistelrooy

 Netherlands
Manchester United
Leicester City*
1–4
27 September 2003
[162]

Kevin Lisbie

 Jamaica
Charlton Athletic*
Liverpool
3–2
28 September 2003
[163]

Steve Watson

 England
Everton*
Leeds United
4–0
28 September 2003
[164]

Robbie Keane

 Ireland
Tottenham Hotspur*
Wolverhampton Wanderers
5–2
6 December 2003
[165]

Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink

 Netherlands
Chelsea*
Wolverhampton Wanderers
5–2
27 March 2004
[110][166]

Thierry Henry

 France
Arsenal*
Liverpool
4–2
9 April 2004
[167]

Thierry Henry4

 France
Arsenal*
Leeds United
5–0
16 April 2004
[168]

Yakubu Aiyegbeni4

 Nigeria
Portsmouth*
Middlesbrough
5–1
15 May 2004
[169]

Yakubu Aiyegbeni

 Nigeria
Portsmouth*
Fulham
4–3
30 August 2004
[170]

Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink

 Netherlands
Middlesbrough
Blackburn Rovers*
0–4
16 October 2004
[171]

Eiður Guðjohnsen

 Iceland
Chelsea*
Blackburn Rovers
4–0
23 October 2004
[172]

Milan Baroš

 Czech Republic
Liverpool*
Crystal Palace
3–2
13 November 2004
[173]

Jermain Defoe

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
Southampton
5–1
18 December 2004
[174]

Thierry Henry

 France
Arsenal*
Portsmouth
3–0
5 March 2005
[175]

Robert Earnshaw

 Wales
West Bromwich Albion
Charlton Athletic*
1–4
19 March 2005
[110][176]

Thierry Henry

 France
Arsenal*
Norwich City
4–1
2 April 2005
[177]

Marlon Harewood

 England
West Ham United*
Aston Villa
4–0
12 September 2005
[178]

Henri Camara

 Senegal
Wigan Athletic*
Charlton Athletic
3–0
16 December 2005
[179]

Michael Owen

 England
Newcastle United
West Ham United*
2–4
17 December 2005
[180]

Thierry Henry

 France
Arsenal*
Middlesbrough
7–0
14 January 2006
[181]

David Bentley

 England
Blackburn Rovers*
Manchester United
4–3
1 February 2006
[182]

Luke Moore

 England
Aston Villa
Middlesbrough*
0–4
4 February 2006
[183]

Thierry Henry

 France
Arsenal*
Wigan Athletic
4–2
7 May 2006
[184]

Wayne Rooney

 England
Manchester United
Bolton Wanderers*
0–4
28 October 2006
[185]

Didier Drogba

 Ivory Coast
Chelsea*
Watford
4–0
11 November 2006
[186]

Peter Crouch

 England
Liverpool*
Arsenal
4–1
31 March 2007
[187]

Emmanuel Adebayor

 Togo
Arsenal*
Derby County
5–0
22 September 2007
[188]

Benjani Mwaruwari

 Zimbabwe
Portsmouth*
Reading
7–4
29 September 2007
[189]

Yakubu Aiyegbeni

 Nigeria
Everton*
Fulham
3–0
8 December 2007
[190]

Roque Santa CruzL

 Paraguay
Blackburn Rovers
Wigan Athletic*
5–3
15 December 2007
[191]

Marcus Bent

 England
Wigan Athletic*
Blackburn Rovers
5–3
15 December 2007
[192]

Dimitar Berbatov4

 Bulgaria
Tottenham Hotspur*
Reading
6–4
29 December 2007
[193]

Cristiano Ronaldo

 Portugal
Manchester United*
Newcastle United
6–0
12 January 2008
[194]

Benjani Mwaruwari

 Zimbabwe
Portsmouth*
Derby County
3–1
19 January 2008
[195]

John Carew

 Norway
Aston Villa*
Newcastle United
4–1
9 February 2008
[196]

Fernando Torres

 Spain
Liverpool*
Middlesbrough
3–2
23 February 2008
[197]

Mikael Forssell

 Finland
Birmingham City*
Tottenham Hotspur
4–1
1 March 2008
[198]

Fernando Torres

 Spain
Liverpool*
West Ham United
4–0
5 March 2008
[199]

Frank Lampard4

 England
Chelsea*
Derby County
6–1
12 March 2008
[200]

Emmanuel Adebayor

 Togo
Arsenal
Derby County*
2–6
28 April 2008
[110][201]

Afonso Alves

 Brazil
Middlesbrough*
Manchester City
8–1
11 May 2008
[202]

Gabriel Agbonlahor

 England
Aston Villa*
Manchester City
4–2
17 August 2008
[203]

Emmanuel Adebayor

 Togo
Arsenal
Blackburn Rovers*
0–4
13 September 2008
[204]

Robinho

 Brazil
Manchester City*
Stoke City
3–0
26 October 2008
[205]

Nicolas Anelka

 France
Chelsea*
Sunderland
5–0
1 November 2008
[206]

Steven Gerrard

 England
Liverpool*
Aston Villa
5–0
22 March 2009
[207]

Andrei Arshavin4

 Russia
Arsenal
Liverpool*
4–4
21 April 2009
[208]

Jermain Defoe

 England
Tottenham Hotspur
Hull City*
1–5
19 August 2009
[209]

Yossi Benayoun

 Israel
Liverpool*
Burnley
4–0
12 September 2009
[210]

Fernando Torres

 Spain
Liverpool*
Hull City
6–1
26 September 2009
[211]

Robbie Keane4

 Ireland
Tottenham Hotspur*
Burnley
5–0
26 September 2009
[212]

Aruna Dindane

 Ivory Coast
Portsmouth*
Wigan Athletic
4–0
31 October 2009
[213]

Jermain Defoe5

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
Wigan Athletic
9–1
22 November 2009
[214]

Wayne Rooney

 England
Manchester United
Portsmouth*
1–4
28 November 2009
[215]

Carlos Tevez

 Argentina
Manchester City*
Blackburn Rovers
4–1
11 January 2010
[216]

Wayne Rooney4

 England
Manchester United*
Hull City
4–0
23 January 2010
[217]

Darren Bent

 England
Sunderland*
Bolton Wanderers
4–0
9 March 2010
[218]

Frank Lampard4

 England
Chelsea*
Aston Villa
7–1
27 March 2010
[219]

Carlos Tevez

 Argentina
Manchester City*
Wigan Athletic
3–0
29 March 2010
[220]

Salomon Kalou

 Ivory Coast
Chelsea*
Stoke City
7–0
25 April 2010
[221]

Didier Drogba

 Ivory Coast
Chelsea*
Wigan Athletic
8–0
9 May 2010
[222]

Didier Drogba

 Ivory Coast
Chelsea*
West Bromwich Albion
6–0
14 August 2010
[223]

Theo Walcott

 England
Arsenal*
Blackpool
6–0
21 August 2010
[224]

Andy Carroll

 England
Newcastle United*
Aston Villa
6–0
22 August 2010
[225]

Dimitar Berbatov

 Bulgaria
Manchester United*
Liverpool
3–2
19 September 2010
[226]

Kevin Nolan

 England
Newcastle United*
Sunderland
5–1
31 October 2010
[227]

Dimitar Berbatov5

 Bulgaria
Manchester United*
Blackburn Rovers
7–1
27 November 2010
[228]

Mario Balotelli

 Italy
Manchester City*
Aston Villa
4–0
28 December 2010
[229]

Leon Best

 Ireland
Newcastle United*
West Ham United
5–0
5 January 2011
[230]

Dimitar Berbatov

 Bulgaria
Manchester United*
Birmingham City
5–0
22 January 2011
[231]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands
Arsenal*
Wigan Athletic
3–0
22 January 2011
[232]

Carlos Tevez

 Argentina
Manchester City*
West Bromwich Albion
3–0
5 February 2011
[233]

Louis Saha4

 France
Everton*
Blackpool
5–3
5 February 2011
[234]

Dirk Kuyt

 Netherlands
Liverpool*
Manchester United
3–1
6 March 2011
[235]

Wayne Rooney

 England
Manchester United
West Ham United*
2–4
2 April 2011
[236]

Maxi Rodríguez

 Argentina
Liverpool*
Birmingham City
5–0
23 April 2011
[237]

Maxi Rodríguez

 Argentina
Liverpool
Fulham*
2–5
9 May 2011
[238]

Somen TchoyiD

 Cameroon
West Bromwich Albion
Newcastle United*
3–3
22 May 2011
[239]

Edin Džeko4

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
Manchester City
Tottenham Hotspur*
1–5
28 August 2011
[240]

Wayne Rooney

 England
Manchester United*
Arsenal
8–2
28 August 2011
[241]

Sergio Agüero

 Argentina
Manchester City*
Wigan Athletic
3–0
10 September 2011
[242]

Wayne Rooney

 England
Manchester United
Bolton Wanderers*
0–5
10 September 2011
[243]

Demba Ba

 Senegal
Newcastle United*
Blackburn Rovers
3–1
23 September 2011
[244]

Frank Lampard

 England
Chelsea
Bolton Wanderers*
1–5
2 October 2011
[245]

Andrew Johnson

 England
Fulham*
Queens Park Rangers
6–0
2 October 2011
[246]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands
Arsenal
Chelsea*
3–5
29 October 2011
[247]

Demba Ba

 Senegal
Newcastle United
Stoke City*
1–3
31 October 2011
[248]

Yakubu Aiyegbeni4

 Nigeria
Blackburn Rovers*
Swansea City
4–2
3 December 2011
[249]

Dimitar Berbatov

 Bulgaria
Manchester United*
Wigan Athletic
5–0
26 December 2011
[250]

Clint Dempsey

 United States
Fulham*
Newcastle United
5–2
20 January 2012
[251]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands
Arsenal*
Blackburn Rovers
7–1
4 February 2012
[252]

Peter Odemwingie

 Nigeria
West Bromwich Albion
Wolverhampton Wanderers*
1–5
12 February 2012
[253]

Pavel Pogrebnyak

 Russia
Fulham*
Wolverhampton Wanderers
5–0
4 March 2012
[254]

Steven Gerrard

 England
Liverpool*
Everton
3–0
13 March 2012
[255]

Carlos Tevez

 Argentina
Manchester City
Norwich City*
1–6
14 April 2012
[256]

Luis Suárez

 Uruguay
Liverpool
Norwich City*
0–3
28 April 2012
[257]

Fernando Torres

 Spain
Chelsea*
Queens Park Rangers
6–1
29 April 2012
[258]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands
Manchester United
Southampton*
2–3
2 September 2012
[259]

Luis Suárez

 Uruguay
Liverpool
Norwich City*
2–5
29 September 2012
[260]

Jordi Gómez

 Spain
Wigan Athletic*
Reading
3–2
24 November 2012
[261]

Santi Cazorla

 Spain
Arsenal
Reading*
2–5
17 December 2012
[262]

Gareth Bale

 Wales
Tottenham Hotspur
Aston Villa*
0–4
26 December 2012
[263]

Theo Walcott

 England
Arsenal*
Newcastle United
7–3
29 December 2012
[264]

Shinji Kagawa

 Japan
Manchester United*
Norwich City
4–0
2 March 2013
[265]

Luis Suárez

 Uruguay
Liverpool
Wigan Athletic*
0–4
2 March 2013
[266]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands
Manchester United*
Aston Villa
3–0
22 April 2013
[267]

Christian Benteke

 Belgium
Aston Villa*
Sunderland
6–1
29 April 2013
[268]

Daniel Sturridge

 England
Liverpool
Fulham*
1–3
12 May 2013
[269]

Kevin Nolan

 England
West Ham United*
Reading
4–2
19 May 2013
[270]

Romelu LukakuD

 Belgium
West Bromwich Albion*
Manchester United
5–5
19 May 2013
[110]

Luis Suárez

 Uruguay
Liverpool*
West Bromwich Albion
4–1
26 October 2013
[271]

Luis Suárez4

 Uruguay
Liverpool*
Norwich City
5–1
4 December 2013
[272]

Adam Johnson

 England
Sunderland
Fulham*
1–4
11 January 2014
[273]

Samuel Eto'o

 Cameroon
Chelsea*
Manchester United
3–1
19 January 2014
[274]

Eden Hazard

 Belgium
Chelsea*
Newcastle United
3–0
8 February 2014
[275]

André Schürrle

 Germany
Chelsea
Fulham*
1–3
1 March 2014
[276]

Yaya Touré

 Ivory Coast
Manchester City*
Fulham
5–0
22 March 2014
[277]

Luis Suárez

 Uruguay
Liverpool
Cardiff City*
3–6
22 March 2014
[278]

Diego Costa

 Spain
Chelsea*
Swansea City
4–2
13 September 2014
[279]

Sergio Agüero4

 Argentina
Manchester City*
Tottenham Hotspur
4–1
18 October 2014
[280]

Charlie Austin

 England
Queens Park Rangers*
West Bromwich Albion
3–2
20 December 2014
[281]

Jonathan Walters

 Ireland
Stoke City*
Queens Park Rangers
3–1
31 January 2015
[282]

Harry Kane

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
Leicester City
4–3
21 March 2015
[283]

Christian BentekeD

 Belgium
Aston Villa*
Queens Park Rangers
3–3
7 April 2015
[284]

Yannick Bolasie

 DR Congo
Crystal Palace
Sunderland*
1–4
11 April 2015
[285]

Sergio Agüero

 Argentina
Manchester City*
Queens Park Rangers
6–0
10 May 2015
[286]

Sadio Mané

 Senegal
Southampton*
Aston Villa
6–1
16 May 2015
[287]

Theo Walcott

 England
Arsenal*
West Bromwich Albion
4–1
24 May 2015
[288]

Callum Wilson

 England
AFC Bournemouth
West Ham United*
3–4
22 August 2015
[289]

Steven Naismith

 Scotland
Everton*
Chelsea
3–1
12 September 2015
[290]

Alexis Sánchez

 Chile
Arsenal
Leicester City*
2–5
26 September 2015
[291]

Sergio Agüero5

 Argentina
Manchester City*
Newcastle United
6–1
3 October 2015
[292]

Raheem Sterling

 England
Manchester City*
AFC Bournemouth
5–1
17 October 2015
[293]

Georginio Wijnaldum4

 Netherlands
Newcastle United*
Norwich City
6–2
18 October 2015
[294]

Harry Kane

 England
Tottenham Hotspur
AFC Bournemouth*
1–5
25 October 2015
[295]

Arouna Koné

 Ivory Coast
Everton*
Sunderland
6–2
1 November 2015
[296]

Riyad Mahrez

 Algeria
Leicester City
Swansea City*
0–3
5 December 2015
[297]

Jermain Defoe

 England
Sunderland
Swansea City*
2–4
13 January 2016
[298]

Andy CarrollD

 England
West Ham United*
Arsenal
3–3
9 April 2016
[299]

Sergio Agüero

 Argentina
Manchester City
Chelsea*
0–3
16 April 2016
[300]

Sadio Mané

 Senegal
Southampton*
Manchester City
4–2
1 May 2016
[301]

Olivier Giroud

 France
Arsenal*
Aston Villa
4–0
15 May 2016
[302]

Romelu Lukaku

 Belgium
Everton
Sunderland*
0–3
12 September 2016
[303]

Alexis Sánchez

 Chile
Arsenal
West Ham United*
1–5
3 December 2016
[304]

Jamie Vardy

 England
Leicester City*
Manchester City
4–2
10 December 2016
[305]

Salomón Rondón

 Venezuela
West Bromwich Albion*
Swansea City
3–1
14 December 2016
[5]

Andre Gray

 England
Burnley*
Sunderland
4–1
31 December 2016
[306]

Harry Kane

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
West Bromwich Albion
4–0
14 January 2017
[307]

Romelu Lukaku4

 Belgium
Everton*
AFC Bournemouth
6–3
4 February 2017
[308]

Harry Kane

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
Stoke City
4–0
26 February 2017
[309]

Joshua King

 Norway
AFC Bournemouth*
West Ham United
3–2
11 March 2017
[310]

Harry Kane4

 England
Tottenham Hotspur
Leicester City*
1–6
18 May 2017
[311]

Harry Kane

 England
Tottenham Hotspur
Hull City*
1–7
21 May 2017
[312]

Sergio Agüero

 Argentina
Manchester City
Watford*
0–6
16 September 2017
[313]

Álvaro Morata

 Spain
Chelsea
Stoke City*
0–4
23 September 2017
[314]

Callum Wilson

 England
AFC Bournemouth*
Huddersfield Town
4–0
18 November 2017
[315]

Wayne Rooney

 England
Everton*
West Ham United
4–0
29 November 2017
[316]

Harry Kane

 England
Tottenham Hotspur
Burnley*
0–3
23 December 2017
[317]

Harry Kane

 England
Tottenham Hotspur*
Southampton
5–2
26 December 2017
[318]

Sergio Agüero

 Argentina
Manchester City*
Newcastle United
3–1
20 January 2018
[319]

Aaron Ramsey

 Wales
Arsenal*
Everton
5–1
3 February 2018
[320]

Sergio Agüero4

 Argentina
Manchester City*
Leicester City
5–1
10 February 2018
[321]

Mohamed Salah4

 Egypt
Liverpool*
Watford
5–0
17 March 2018
[322]

text: Multiple hat-tricks

text: The following table lists the minimum number of hat-tricks scored by players who have scored two or more hat-tricks.

text: Players in bold  are still active in the Premier League.

text:
Rank

Player

Hat-tricks

Last hat-trick

1

 Alan Shearer

11

19 September 1999

2

 Robbie Fowler

9

26 December 2001

3

 Sergio Agüero

8

10 February 2018

 Thierry Henry

7 May 2006

 Harry Kane

26 December 2017

 Michael Owen

17 December 2005

7

 Wayne Rooney

7

29 November 2017

8

 Luis Suárez

6

22 March 2014

9

 Dimitar Berbatov

5

26 December 2011

 Andy Cole

30 August 1999

 Ruud van Nistelrooy

27 September 2003

 Robin van Persie

22 April 2013

 Ian Wright

13 September 1997

14

 Yakubu Aiyegbeni

4

3 December 2011

 Kevin Campbell

8 May 1999

 Jermain Defoe

13 January 2016

 Les Ferdinand

25 November 2000

 Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink

16 October 2004

 Matthew Le Tissier

19 August 1995

 Teddy Sheringham

26 August 2003

 Chris Sutton

28 February 1998

 Carlos Tevez

14 April 2012

 Fernando Torres

29 April 2012

 Dwight Yorke

25 February 2001

25

 Emmanuel Adebayor

3

13 September 2008

 Nicolas Anelka

1 November 2008

 Tony Cottee

17 December 1994

 Didier Drogba

14 August 2010

 Dion Dublin

14 November 1998

 Robbie Keane

26 September 2009

 Frank Lampard

2 October 2011

 Romelu Lukaku

4 February 2017

 Ole Gunnar Solskjær

29 January 2002

 Theo Walcott

24 May 2015

35

 Demba Ba

2

31 October 2011

 Christian Benteke

7 April 2015

 Andy Carroll

9 April 2016

 Kevin Gallacher

17 January 1998

 Steven Gerrard

13 March 2012

 Darren Huckerby

9 January 1999

 Steffen Iversen

11 March 2000

 Andrei Kanchelskis

27 April 1996

 Paul Kitson

19 November 2001

 Sadio Mané

1 May 2016

 Benjani Mwaruwari

19 January 2008

 Kevin Nolan

19 May 2013

 Kevin Phillips

26 December 2000

 Fabrizio Ravanelli

5 March 1997

 Maxi Rodríguez

9 May 2011

 Alexis Sánchez

3 December 2016

 Paul Scholes

12 April 2003

 Mark Viduka

5 April 2003

 Callum Wilson

18 November 2017

 Tony Yeboah

23 September 1995

text: Hat-tricks by nationality

text: The following table lists the number of hat-tricks scored by players from a single nation.

text:
Rank

Nation

Hat-tricks

Last hat-trick

1

 England

145

26 December 2017

2

 Netherlands

18

18 October 2015

3

 France

16

15 May 2016

4

 Argentina

14

10 February 2018

5

 Norway

9

11 March 2017

6

 Spain

8

23 September 2017

7

 Ivory Coast

7

1 November 2015

 Nigeria

12 February 2012

 Scotland

12 September 2015

10

 Belgium

6

4 February 2017

 Uruguay

22 March 2014

 Wales

3 February 2018

13

 Bulgaria

5

26 December 2011

 Ireland

31 January 2015

 Italy

28 December 2010

 Senegal

1 May 2016

17

 Russia

4

4 March 2012

 Trinidad and Tobago

25 February 2001

19

 Germany

3

1 March 2014

 Togo

13 September 2008

 Zimbabwe

19 January 2008

22

 Australia

2

5 April 2003

 Brazil

26 October 2008

 Cameroon

19 January 2014

 Chile

3 December 2016

 Czech Republic

13 November 2004

 Ghana

23 September 1995

28

 Algeria

1

5 December 2015

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

28 August 2011

 Costa Rica

23 August 2000

 DR Congo

11 April 2015

 Egypt

17 March 2018

 Finland

1 March 2008

 Iceland

23 October 2004

 Israel

12 September 2009

 Jamaica

28 September 2003

 Japan

2 March 2013

 Paraguay

15 December 2007

 Portugal

12 January 2008

 Sweden

11 May 2003

 United States

20 January 2012

 Venezuela

14 December 2016

 Yugoslavia

16 December 1995

text: Notes

text: a  The Premier League, created in 1992, is the top tier of English league football.[323]


document_title: End of World War II in Europe

question_text: where was the treaty signed to end ww2

question_tokens: where was the treaty signed to end ww2

root

text: End of World War II in Europe

text: Timeline of surrenders and deaths[edit]

text: Allied forces begin to take large numbers of Axis prisoners: The total number of prisoners taken on the Western Front in April 1945 by the Western Allies was 1,500,000.[1] April also witnessed the capture of at least 120,000 German troops by the Western Allies in the last campaign of the war in Italy.[2] In the three or four months up to the end of April, over 800,000 German soldiers surrendered on the Eastern Front.[2] In early April, the first Allied-governed Rheinwiesenlagers were established in western Germany to hold hundreds of thousands of captured or surrendered Axis Forces personnel. Supreme Headquarters Allied Expeditionary Force (SHAEF) reclassified all prisoners as Disarmed Enemy Forces, not POWs (prisoners of war). The legal fiction circumvented provisions under the Geneva Convention of 1929 on the treatment of former combatants.[3] By October, thousands had died in the camps from starvation, exposure and disease.[4]

tag: p

text: Liberation of Nazi Concentration Camps and refugees: Allied forces began to discover the scale of The Holocaust. The advance into Germany uncovered numerous Nazi concentration camps and forced labor facilities. Up to 60,000 prisoners were at Bergen-Belsen when it was liberated on 15 April 1945, by the British 11th Armoured Division.[5] Four days later troops from the American 42nd (Rainbow) Infantry Division found Dachau.[6] Allied troops forced the remaining SS guards to gather up the corpses and place them in mass graves.[7] Due to the prisoners' poor physical condition, thousands continued to die after liberation.[8] Captured SS guards were subsequently tried at Allied war crimes tribunals where many were sentenced to death.[9] However, up to 10,000 Nazi war criminals eventually fled Europe using ratlines such as ODESSA.[10]

text: Germans leave Finland: On 25 April 1945, the last Germans were expelled by the Finnish Army from Finland and retreated into Norway.

text: Mussolini's death: On 25 April 1945, Italian partisans liberated Milan and Turin. On 27 April 1945, as Allied forces closed in on Milan, Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was captured by Italian partisans. It is disputed whether he was trying to flee from Italy to Switzerland (through the Splügen Pass), and was traveling with a German anti-aircraft battalion. On 28 April, Mussolini was executed in Giulino (a civil parish of Mezzegra); the other Fascists captured with him were taken to Dongo and executed there. The bodies were then taken to Milan and hung up on the Piazzale Loreto of the city. On 29 April, Rodolfo Graziani surrendered all Fascist Italian armed forces at Caserta. This included Army Group Liguria. Graziani was the Minister of Defence for Mussolini's Italian Social Republic.

text: Hitler's death: On 30 April, as the Battle of Nuremberg and the Battle of Hamburg ended with American and British occupation, in addition to the Battle of Berlin raging above him with the Soviets surrounding the city, along with his escape route cut off by the Americans, realizing that all was lost and not wishing to suffer Mussolini's fate, German dictator Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his Führerbunker along with Eva Braun, his long-term partner whom he had married less than 40 hours before their joint suicide.[11] In his will, Hitler dismissed Reichsmarschall Hermann Göring, his second-in-command and Interior minister Heinrich Himmler after each of them separately tried to seize control of the crumbling Third Reich. Hitler appointed his successors as follows; Großadmiral Karl Dönitz as the new Reichspräsident ("President of Germany") and Joseph Goebbels as the new Reichskanzler (Chancellor of Germany). However, Goebbels committed suicide the following day, leaving Dönitz as the sole leader of Germany.

text: German forces in Italy surrender: On 29 April, the day before Hitler died, Oberstleutnant Schweinitz and Sturmbannführer Wenner, plenipotentiaries for Generaloberst Heinrich von Vietinghoff and SS Obergruppenführer Karl Wolff, signed a surrender document at Caserta[12] after prolonged unauthorised secret negotiations with the Western Allies, which were viewed with great suspicion by the Soviet Union as trying to reach a separate peace. In the document, the Germans agreed to a ceasefire and surrender of all the forces under the command of Vietinghoff at 2pm on 2 May. Accordingly, after some bitter wrangling between Wolff and Albert Kesselring in the early hours of 2 May, nearly 1,000,000 men in Italy and Austria surrendered unconditionally to British Field Marshal Sir Harold Alexander at 2pm on 2 May.[13]

text: German forces in Berlin surrender: The Battle of Berlin ended on 2 May. On that date, General der Artillerie Helmuth Weidling, the commander of the Berlin Defense Area, unconditionally surrendered the city to General Vasily Chuikov of the Soviet army.[14] On the same day the officers commanding the two armies of Army Group Vistula north of Berlin, (General Kurt von Tippelskirch, commander of the German 21st Army and General Hasso von Manteuffel, commander of Third Panzer Army), surrendered to the Western Allies.[15] 2 May is also believed to have been the day when Hitler's deputy Martin Bormann died, from the account of Artur Axmann who saw Bormann's corpse in Berlin near the Lehrter Bahnhof railway station after encountering a Soviet Red Army patrol.[16] Lehrter Bahnhof is close to where the remains of Bormann, confirmed as his by a DNA test in 1998,[17] were unearthed on 7 December 1972.

text:
German forces in North West Germany, Denmark, and the Netherlands surrender: On 4 May 1945, the British Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery took the unconditional military surrender at Lüneburg from Generaladmiral Hans-Georg von Friedeburg, and General Eberhard Kinzel, of all German forces "in Holland [sic], in northwest Germany including the Frisian Islands and Heligoland and all other islands, in Schleswig-Holstein, and in Denmark… includ[ing] all naval ships in these areas",[18][19] at the Timeloberg on Lüneburg Heath; an area between the cities of Hamburg, Hanover and Bremen. The number of German land, sea and air forces involved in this surrender amounted to 1,000,000 men.[20] On 5 May, Großadmiral Dönitz ordered all U-boats to cease offensive operations and return to their bases.
At 16:00, General Johannes Blaskowitz, the German commander-in-chief in the Netherlands, surrendered to Canadian General Charles Foulkes in the Dutch town of Wageningen in the presence of Prince Bernhard (acting as commander-in-chief of the Dutch Interior Forces).[21][22]

text: German forces in Bavaria surrender: At 14:30 on 4 May 1945, General Hermann Foertsch surrendered all forces between the Bohemian mountains and the Upper Inn river to the American General Jacob L. Devers, commander of the American 6th Army Group.

text: Central Europe: On 5 May 1945, the Czech resistance started the Prague uprising. The following day, the Soviets launched the Prague Offensive. In Dresden, Gauleiter Martin Mutschmann let it be known that a large-scale German offensive on the Eastern Front was about to be launched. Within two days, Mutschmann abandoned the city, but was captured by Soviet troops while trying to escape.[23]

text: Hermann Göring's surrender: On 6 May, Reichsmarshall and Hitler's second-in-command, Hermann Göring, surrendered to General Carl Spaatz, who was the commander of the operational United States Air Forces in Europe, along with his wife and daughter at the Germany-Austria border. He was by this time the most powerful Nazi official still alive.

text: German forces in Breslau surrender: At 18:00 on 6 May, General Hermann Niehoff, the commandant of Breslau, a 'fortress' city surrounded and besieged for months, surrendered to the Soviets.[22]

text: Jodl and Keitel surrender all German armed forces unconditionally: Thirty minutes after the fall of "Festung Breslau" (Fortress Breslau), General Alfred Jodl arrived in Reims and, following Dönitz's instructions, offered to surrender all forces fighting the Western Allies. This was exactly the same negotiating position that von Friedeburg had initially made to Montgomery, and like Montgomery the Supreme Allied Commander, General Dwight D. Eisenhower, threatened to break off all negotiations unless the Germans agreed to a complete unconditional surrender to all the Allies on all fronts.[24] Eisenhower explicitly told Jodl that he would order western lines closed to German soldiers, thus forcing them to surrender to the Soviets.[24] Jodl sent a signal to Dönitz, who was in Flensburg, informing him of Eisenhower's declaration. Shortly after midnight, Dönitz, accepting the inevitable, sent a signal to Jodl authorizing the complete and total surrender of all German forces.[22][24]

text: At 02:41 on the morning of 7 May, at SHAEF headquarters in Reims, France, the Chief-of-Staff of the German Armed Forces High Command, General Alfred Jodl, signed an unconditional surrender document for all German forces to the Allies, committing representatives of the German High Command to attend a definitive signing ceremony in Berlin. General Franz Böhme announced the unconditional surrender of German troops in Norway on 7 May. It included the phrase "All forces under German control to cease active operations at 2301 hours Central European Time on May 8, 1945."[18][25] The next day, Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel and other German OKW representatives travelled to Berlin, and shortly before midnight signed an amended and definitive document of unconditional surrender, explicitly surrendering to all the Allied forces in the presence of Marshal Georgi Zhukov and representatives of SHAEF.[26] The signing ceremony took place in a former German Army Engineering School in the Berlin district of Karlshorst; it now houses the German-Russian Museum Berlin-Karlshorst.

text: German forces on the Channel Islands surrender: At 10:00 on 8 May, the Channel Islanders were informed by the German authorities that the war was over. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill made a radio broadcast at 15:00 during which he announced: "Hostilities will end officially at one minute after midnight tonight, but in the interests of saving lives the 'Cease fire' began yesterday to be sounded all along the front, and our dear Channel Islands are also to be freed today."[27][25]

text: VE-Day: News of the imminent surrender broke in the West on 8 May, and celebrations erupted throughout Europe and parts of the British Empire. In the US, Americans awoke to the news and declared 8 May V-E Day. As the Soviet Union was to the east of Germany it was 9 May Moscow Time when the German military surrender became effective, which is why Russia and many other European countries east of Germany commemorate Victory Day on 9 May.

text: German units cease fire: Although the military commanders of most German forces obeyed the order to surrender issued by the (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW)—the German Armed Forces High Command), not all commanders did so. The largest contingent were Army Group Centre under the command of Generalfeldmarschall Ferdinand Schörner who had been promoted to Commander-in-Chief of the Army on 30 April in Hitler's last will and testament. On 8 May, Schörner deserted his command and flew to Austria; the Soviet Army sent overwhelming force against Army Group Centre in the Prague Offensive, forcing German units in Army Group Centre to capitulate by 11 May. The other forces which did not surrender on 8 May surrendered piecemeal:

text:
The Second Army, under the command of General von Saucken, on the Heiligenbeil and Danzig beachheads, on the Hel Peninsula in the Vistula delta surrendered on 9 May, as did the forces on the Greek islands; and the garrisons of the last Atlantic pockets in France, in Saint-Nazaire, La Rochelle (after the Allied siege), and Lorient.
Battle of Slivice, the last battle in Czechoslovakia, on 12 May
On 13 May, the Red Army halted all offensives in Europe. Isolated pockets of resistance in Czechoslovakia were mopped up by this date.

People gathered in Whitehall to hear Winston Churchill's victory speech, 8 May 1945

The garrison on Alderney, one of the Channel Islands occupied by the Germans, surrendered on 16 May, one week after the garrisons on Guernsey and Jersey had surrendered on 9 May and those on Sark on 10 May.
The Georgian Uprising of Texel (5 April – 20 May) was Europe's last battlefield in World War II. It was fought between Georgian Nazi-collaborationist army units on Texel against the German occupiers of that Dutch island.
Another military engagement took place in Yugoslavia (today's Slovenia), on 14 and 15 May, known as the Battle of Poljana.
A small group of German soldiers deployed on Svalbard in Operation Haudegen to establish and man a weather station there lost radio contact in May 1945; they surrendered to some Norwegian seal hunters on 4 September, two days after the Surrender of Japan.

tag: ul

text: Dönitz government ordered dissolved by Eisenhower: Karl Dönitz continued to act as if he were the German head of state, but his Flensburg government (so-called because it was based at Flensburg in northern Germany and controlled only a small area around the town), was not recognized by the Allies. On 12 May an Allied liaison team arrived in Flensburg and took quarters aboard the passenger ship Patria. The liaison officers and the Supreme Allied Headquarters soon realized that they had no need to act through the Flensburg government and that its members should be arrested. On 23 May, acting on SHAEF's orders and with the approval of the Soviets, American Major General Rooks summoned Dönitz aboard the Patria and communicated to him that he and all the members of his Government were under arrest, and that their government was dissolved. The Allies had a problem, because they realized that although the German armed forces had surrendered unconditionally, SHAEF had failed to use the document created by the "European Advisory Commission" (EAC) and so there had been no formal surrender by the civilian German government. This was considered a very important issue, because just as the civilian, but not military, surrender in 1918 had been used by Hitler to create the "stab in the back" argument, the Allies did not want to give any future hostile German regime a legal argument to resurrect an old quarrel.

text: Order JCS 1067 was signed into effect by President Harry S. Truman on 10 May 1945. This was part of the post-war economic plan that advocated how the Allied occupation would include measures to prevent Germany from waging further war by eliminating its armament industry, and the removal or destruction of other key industries required for military strength. This included the removal or destruction of all industrial plants and equipment in the Ruhr.[28] In 1947, JCS 1067 was replaced by JCS 1779 that aimed at restoring a "stable and productive Germany"; this led to the introduction of the Marshall Plan.[29]

text: Declaration Regarding the Defeat of Germany and the Assumption of Supreme Authority by Allied Powers was signed by the four Allies on 5 June. It included the following:

text: The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom and the Provisional Government of the French Republic, hereby assume supreme authority with respect to Germany, including all the powers possessed by the German Government, the High Command and any state, municipal, or local government or authority. The assumption, for the purposes stated above, of the said authority and powers does not effect[a] the annexation of Germany.

text: It is disputed whether this assumption of power constituted debellation—the end of a war caused by the complete destruction of a hostile state.[32][33][b]

text: The Potsdam Agreement was signed on 12 August 1945. In connection with this, the Allied leaders planned the new postwar German government, resettled war territory boundaries, de facto annexed a quarter of pre-war Germany situated east of the Oder-Neisse line, and mandated and organized the expulsion of the millions of Germans who remained in the annexed territories and elsewhere in the east. They also ordered German demilitarization, denazification, industrial disarmament and settlements of war reparations.

text: Allied Control Council created to effect the Allies assumed supreme authority over Germany, specifically to implement their assumed joint authority over Germany. On 30 August, the Control Council constituted itself and issued its first proclamation, which informed the German people of the Council's existence and asserted that the commands and directives issued by the Commanders-in-Chief in their respective zones were not affected by the establishment of the Council. Cessation of hostilities between the United States and Germany was proclaimed on 13 December 1946 by US President Truman.[34]

text: Paris Peace Conference ended on 10 February 1947 with the signing of peace treaties by the wartime Allies with the minor European Axis powers (Italy, Romania, Hungary, Bulgaria, and Finland; although Italy by some was considered a major power).

text: The Federal Republic of Germany, that had been founded on 23 May 1949 (when its Basic Law was promulgated) had its first government formed on 20 September 1949 while the German Democratic Republic was formed on 7 October.

text: End of state of war with Germany was declared by many former Western Allies in 1950. In the Petersberg Agreement of 22 November 1949, it was noted that the West German government wanted an end to the state of war, but the request could not be granted. The US state of war with Germany was being maintained for legal reasons, and though it was softened somewhat it was not suspended since "the US wants to retain a legal basis for keeping a US force in Western Germany".[35] At a meeting for the Foreign Ministers of France, the UK, and the US in New York from 12 September – 19 December 1950, it was stated that among other measures to strengthen West Germany's position in the Cold War that the western allies would "end by legislation the state of war with Germany".[36] In 1951, many former Western Allies did end their state of war with Germany: Australia (9 July), Canada, Italy, New Zealand, the Netherlands (26 July), South Africa, the United Kingdom (9 July), and the United States (19 October).[37][38][39][40][41][42] The state of war between Germany and the Soviet Union was ended in early 1955.[43]

text: "The full authority of a sovereign state" was granted to the Federal Republic of Germany on 5 May 1955 under the terms of the Bonn–Paris conventions. The treaty ended the military occupation of West German territory, but the three occupying powers retained some special rights, e.g. vis-à-vis West Berlin.

text: Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany: Under the terms of this peace treaty, the Four Powers renounced all rights they formerly held in Germany, including Berlin. As a result, Germany became fully sovereign on 15 March 1991. Under the terms of the Treaty, the Allies were allowed to keep troops in Berlin until the end of 1994 (articles 4 and 5). In accordance with the Treaty, occupying troops were withdrawn by that deadline.


document_title: Virgin Mobile South Africa

question_text: which network does virgin mobile use in south africa

text: Virgin Mobile South Africa

text: Services[edit]

text: Voice & SMS[edit]

text: Virgin Mobile prides itself in being a no-frills brand providing simplicity to its customers. The MVNO offers a prepaid product with a flat voice rate of 99c across all networks, at any time of the day, SMSs for 50c and MMS for 75c and an out of bundle rate of 40c per MB. Virgin Mobile also offers BYO (Bring Your Own) SIM only plans which are available on a month-to-month and 12 month packages.

text: Virgin Mobile airtime is available in various denominations via the major banks, in retail and petrol stations nationwide as well as online.

text: Internet[edit]

text:
Virgin Mobile offers users mobile internet via EDGE, 3G, LTE and HSPA+ at the cost of 40c per MB on prepaid. Customers also have the flexibility to load mobile internet bundles, which may significantly reduce this per MB rate.
[1]


document_title: Cheaters

question_text: when does the new season of cheaters start

text: Cheaters

text: Show format[edit]

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Actor Joey Greco was the show's longest-running host, hosting from late 2002 to mid-2012. On season 13, he was replaced by Clark James Gable, grandson of Clark Gable. Greco resumed hosting the show beginning with the season 15 finale.

text: The show's complainants can be either married or long-term significant others, and have included both opposite-sex and same-sex couples.

text: Each episode begins with a brief interview of the complainant, detailing how the complainant met their partner and what has led them to believe that the partner is cheating, explaining suspicious activities or behavior. Next, the narrator (originally Robert Magruder, then Ken Eaken since 2015) describes the progress of the investigation (subtitled “Investigation Day xx” throughout this part of the segment) of the partner (referred to as "the suspect"). Private investigators follow the suspect over the course of several days or weeks at their home, workplace, and/or in public with their alleged paramour (dubbed "the companion"). Occasionally, hidden cameras are installed in the complainant's and suspect's home. One or more recorded telephone conversations between the complainant and suspect, in which the suspect lies about his or her whereabouts, are also played.

text: When the investigation turns up enough evidence of the suspect's infidelity, the show enters its second segment, "the confrontation." The host meets with the complainant and shows them the evidence collected on a video camera or an iPad. Graphic footage from the investigators—for example, the suspect and their companion engaged in a sexual act—is shown uncensored to the complainant but digitally blurred to the show's viewers; however, uncensored versions of the trysts have been released on DVD.

text: The briefing takes place when the suspect and their companion are concurrently being observed together nearby; the intent is to allow the complainant to catch the suspect in the act of infidelity. After contacting the detective on his cell phone to find out their whereabouts, the host and the complainant, along with a full crew of production personnel all carrying 35 mm cameras, and security personnel travel in a van and seek out and confront the alleged cheater. The confrontation often takes place in public places, such as bars, restaurants and parks, with the complainant and host both trying to get an explanation out of the suspect for their behavior. Confrontations are often violent in nature, forcing security guards to restrain the complainant, suspect and/or companion. Confrontations also have the potential to end badly, as one episode during Joey Greco's tenure when he was stabbed during a confrontation. However, it has been disputed whether or not the stabbing incident was real. Suspects also have been known to push the security guards, which causes the security guards to push back and let them know that they will retaliate [1] In very rare cases, animals unwittingly featured will have their heads blurred out for humorous effect.

text: The final segment, "the conclusion," presents parting thoughts from the complainant, the suspect and their companion as they depart the scene of the confrontation. Next, updates from previous cases, including interviews from suspects and their companions, are presented. Lastly, the narrator describes what became of the complainant, the suspect and the companion (and in rare cases, others that may also be involved) after the show.

text: History[edit]

text: The show was created by Bobby Goldstein, an attorney in Dallas, Texas. It made its debut in 2000. The original host of the show was actor Tommy Habeeb aka "Tommy Grand" (2000-2002). 2004 brought syndication reruns of previous seasons, edited into a half-hour Monday-through-Friday strip format with new intros by Joey Greco as host. In 2006, G4 began showing a version edited with a faster pace to each segment. VH1 has begun airing reruns, as well.

text: With the premiere of its 13th season, the show began airing in 1080i definition, with Clark James Gable hosting and a change to updated graphics. The format in the very beginning has also changed to having the announcers read before clips of the episode are shown. On the show's fifteenth season finale, longtime host Joey Greco hosted the second case of the first run episode, remaining as host in subsequent episodes.

text: As of October 2016, Cheaters has started its seventeenth season. On June 2 2018 longtime Cheaters detective Detective Gomez posted on his YouTube page that they will be filming new episodes of Cheaters and will begin to show new episodes in September 2018 after a long hiatus.[2]

text: Controversy and incidents[edit]

text: In 2002, the Houston Press tracked down several people who said they were paid $400 per show by one of the detectives of the agency to act on the show, and were paid $50 per referral of other actors.[3] One performer said, "What [the show's private detective] told me was that some of the episodes are real, but... they would do these ringer episodes to supplement the show." The show's private investigator denies that he staged anyone's scenario and further added that the number of inquiries the agency receives made this unnecessary.[4] The producers of Cheaters currently reiterate the reality of each episode in a legalistic message at its end, though a Federal Communications Commission representative confirmed to the Houston Press that "there's no law or regulation against presenting acted-out scenarios as reality on television."[5]

text: On December 16, 2005, four employees of the show, the host Joey Greco, director Hunter Carson and two security guards, were indicted on charges of restraining a woman. On November 9, 2006, the four were acquitted.[6] In another episode, Greco was detained at the scene of a bachelor party while helping a man confront his cheating fiancée. After Greco explained the situation about the couple to police, he was given a short talk about disturbing the peace and released with a written warning.

text: On November 3, 2009, Inside Edition reiterated the claim that the show was staged, citing several more actors who said they were paid to appear. One of them appeared in the Greco stabbing episode and claimed it was staged. Despite the depiction of a male being placed under arrest for stabbing Greco, Inside Edition found that no actual arrest matching that description was made by the Rowlett, Texas police department, where the episode took place. The ambulance shown, along with the EMS personnel appeared to be from "Greater Dallas EMS". Greater Dallas EMS was a private transfer ambulance in the Dallas area but would have never been dispatched for a 911 emergency. They are now out of business after being raided by the FBI in an investigation known as Operation Easy Rider. Physician–patient privilege would prevent the hospital that treated Greco from releasing records to Inside Edition. Nothing prevents the producers of Cheaters from voluntarily displaying the records, yet they have not done so. Despite the lack of records, Goldstein denied in an interview that the episode was staged. In a follow-up, aired on Inside Edition the following week (November 9, 2009), Greco was interviewed by investigative reporter Matt Meagher about the previous week's accusations. Greco declined to respond, claiming that he could not legally do so.[7]

text: On August 8, 2010, an Equal Employment Opportunity Commission press release reported that Bobby Goldstein Productions, Inc., and Cheaters II, Ltd. (Civil Action No. 3:08-CV-1912-P) paid $50,000 to settle a sexual harassment lawsuit. The suit was brought on the behalf of two female office assistants who were the target of frequent sexual jokes and comments, unwanted physical advances, and propositions for sex. The alleged perpetrators included members of upper management. Says attorney Robert A. Canino, a regional attorney from the EEOC Dallas District Office, "just because the creator of Cheaters promotes a TV show business which thrives on featuring sexual transgressions, it is no justification for engaging in sexual improprieties which violate the employment rights of his female employees behind the scenes."[8]

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Visual Entertainment of Canada has released several best-of collections of Cheaters on DVD in Region 1.[9] In addition the Cheaters Spy Shop was launched in September 2011 to sell items used on the show and has been promoted in episodes beginning in the Season 12.[10] Cheaters DVD releases are uncensored, with language and sexual content (including occasional views of acts such as fellatio and penetration) shown unfiltered.


document_title: Nathan Hastings

question_text: who played nathan on young and the restless

text: Nathan Hastings

text:
Nathan Hastings

Adam Lazarre-White as Nathan Hastings

The Young and the Restless character

Portrayed by
Nathan Purdee (1984–92)
Randy Brooks (1992–94)
Adam Lazarre-White (1994–96)

Duration
1984–96

First appearance
1984

Last appearance
August 19, 1996

Created by
William J. Bell

Introduced by
William J. Bell
H. Wesley Kenney

Classification
Former, regular

Profile

Other names
Kong (mob name)

Occupation
Detective with Paul Williams Detective Agency
Former Mobster

Nathan Purdee as Nathan Hastings

Randy Brooks as Nathan Hastings

[show]Family

Wife
Olivia Barber (1991–96)

Sons
Nathan Hastings, Jr.

text: Nathan Hastings is a fictional character from the CBS soap opera The Young and the Restless. The role was originated in 1984 by Nathan Purdee, who portrayed the character until 1992. The character was subsequently portrayed by Randy Brooks (1992-1994), and was later de-aged, as evidenced by later portrayal by Adam Lazarre-White (1994-1996), who was nineteen years younger than both Purdee and Brooks.

text: Backstory[edit]

text: Nathan Oliver Hastings was born in Genoa City to Oliver and Loretta Hastings, an electrician and housewife, respectively. Nathan grew up with learning problems and, as a result, performed badly in school and could not read. When he was a teenager, he dropped out of school and joined a local organized crime family.

text: In 1984, attorney Tyrone Jackson (Phil Morris), his brother Jazz Jackson (Jon St. Elwood) and private investigator Andy Richards (Steven Ford) gather enough evidence to dismantle the local organized crime family, headed by Joseph Anthony (Logan Ramsey). They receive assistance from one of Anthony's men, "Kong", whose real name is Nathan Hastings. As a result, Nathan is granted immunity from prosecution for his crimes. After secretary Amy Lewis (Stephanie E. Williams) realizes that Nathan is illiterate, she secretly teaches him to read and write. The two soon start dating, but she eventually leaves town, ending their relationship.

text: Having completely reformed, Nathan becomes a private investigator, and he joins Paul Williams' (Doug Davidson) detective agency. While working security for Fenmore's Department Store, he catches a shoplifter -- runaway Drucilla Barber (Victoria Rowell). Once Nathan realizes that Drucilla is illiterate as he once was, he convinces the court to release her into his custody. Nathan teaches Dru how to read. She soon falls in love with Nathan, and is determined to steal him away from his girlfriend. Remarkably, his girlfriend turns out to be Dru's estranged sister, Dr. Olivia Barber (Tonya Lee Williams). Dru's attempts to seduce Nathan away from Olivia prove to be unsuccessful, and she later turns her attention to her future husband, Neil Winters (Kristoff St. John). Nathan and Olivia are married in 1991, and they have a son, Nathan Hastings, Jr. (nicknamed "Nate") in 1992. The birth poses a great risk to Olivia's health when she develops ovarian cancer. Following the birth, she has a hysterectomy.

text: Nathan and Olivia experience serious marital problems when Olivia becomes infatuated with Neil. Later, Olivia's parents Walter and Lillie Belle Barber separate, and Lillie Belle comes to live with Nathan and Olivia. Lillie Belle is clinically depressed, and Nathan and Olivia argue about her strange behavior. Drucilla tries to persuade her mother to live with her so that Olivia and Nathan can repair their marriage, but Lillie Belle chooses to remain with Olivia, whom she favors over Drucilla.[1] Soon after, Walter comes to Genoa City to reunite with his wife, and the couple leave town together. Due to his mounting marital problems, Nathan begins an affair with Keesha Monroe (Jennifer Gatti), although he does not tell Keesha that he is married until later in their relationship. Soon, Keesha meets Neil's half-brother, photographer Malcolm Winters (Shemar Moore). After much effort, Malcolm manages to woo her away from her boyfriend, who unknown to him is Nathan. When Malcolm learns of Keesha's affair with Nathan, he breaks up with her, even though she has already stopped seeing Nathan. However, Malcolm keeps the affair hidden from Olivia, as do Neil and Dru, who also learn of Nathan's infidelity.

text: Soon thereafter, Keesha learns that her ex-boyfriend Stan has died from AIDS. After being tested by Olivia, Keesha discovers that she is also HIV-positive, and she breaks the news to Nathan. Dru then decides to tell Olivia about Nathan's affair with Keesha. Realizing that Nathan has been unfaithful and has potentially exposed both her and their son to the HIV virus, a furious Olivia throws Nathan out, forbidding him to ever see their son again. Nathan, Olivia and Nate all turn out to be HIV-negative, but Keesha develops AIDS. Heartbroken, Malcolm realizes how much he cares for Keesha, and he reunites with her. In an act of true love, Malcolm marries Keesha on her deathbed in 1996. Meanwhile, desperate to see Nate, Nathan kidnaps him. The police, as well as Olivia and her family and friends, search for Nathan and Nate. Days later, Nathan realizes that life on the run is no place for his son, and he decides to return Nate to Olivia. In the process of returning his son, Nathan is hit by an automobile. Later, after an emotional hospital visit with his wife and son, Nathan dies.


document_title: Sally Brown

question_text: what future pop star was the voice of sally brown in peanuts

text: Sally Brown

text: Character and appearance[edit]

text: Sally has flipped blonde hair with a cluster of curls like Schroeder and Patty. In the early 1960s and in her early television appearances, she is shown to have a bow in her curls. However, this was dropped by 1969. She wears a polka dot dress. In the TV specials, TV series and movies, the dress is colored light blue, although it is usually colored pink in The Peanuts Movie, Peanuts (TV series), and the Sunday strips. In the winter, and most of the time in the later years of the strip, she switched to a (no sleeves or long sleeves) shirt and pants. Sally also wears a long sleeves sweater that usually covers her dress. It is also revealed in the November 13, 1976 comic strip that Sally wears a retainer, meaning she possibly has dental trouble.

text: Sally is the complex little sister of Charlie Brown. On one hand, she is good-hearted, cute, funny, friendly, sweet, and innocent. However, on the other, she can be lazy, naive, slow, dumb, obsessive, greedy, insecure, and sometimes even self-centered and manipulative.

text: Sally has a "take it easy" approach to life, preferring to slide by while doing as little work as possible. Her favorite pastime is sitting in her beanbag chair watching TV. One summer, Sally actually went to "beanbag camp," which consisted of nothing but lazing around in beanbags, eating snack foods and watching TV; as a result, she became fat and needed to exercise to lose weight. Sally has a good heart and a strong moral sense; like her older brother she is extremely sensitive to the unfairness of life. Charlie Brown usually goes to Lucy in her psychiatric booth when he is feeling depressed, but Sally prefers to confide her troubles to the school building, which is very protective of her and will drop a brick on anyone who does not treat her nicely.

text: Sally has a lot of trouble in school. For one thing, she has a problem with malapropisms, both in speech and writing. For example, she says "violins broke out" rather than "violence broke out," or "controversial French" instead of "conversational French". One of the strip's running jokes is the unintentionally humorous school reports she gives at the front of the class, which are frequently inspired by malapropisms and end with her feeling humiliated as all of her classmates laugh at her. Some of the more memorable reports she has given over the years include "Santa and His Rain Gear," "Footbidextrousers" people, and "The Bronchitis" (a dinosaur which supposedly became extinct from coughing too much), and her report on the oceans of the world, in which she reported that there are no oceans in individual landlocked states in the U.S. She often struggles with homework despite Charlie Brown's patient efforts to help her, and she has a particular dislike for math, which she largely finds both intimidating and incomprehensible. However, she has expressed interest in becoming a nurse once she becomes an adult, although this is due to her interest in wearing white shoes, as opposed to the job itself.

text: Sally also can be very naive. In one strip, she thinks her family is famous, because their name appears in the telephone book. Another time, she is watching TV and wonders why Monday Night Football is not on. When Charlie Brown tells her the day is Wednesday, she says "That's no excuse".

text: Sally has wanted Charlie Brown's bedroom for years. Every time he either leaves home for a while (such as going to summer camp) or talks about leaving, the first thing she always wants to know is if she can have his room while he is gone. A few times, she has actually begun to move her possessions into her brother's room when she thinks he is never coming home, such as when Charlie Brown fails to come home after falling ill during a baseball game in the strip from July 10, 1979, when he gets lost in the woods in a series of strips from November 1980, and when Snoopy accidentally turns him invisible in the TV special It's Magic, Charlie Brown.

text: Unlike most of the Peanuts gang, Sally does not seem to have much interest in playing sports. On the rare occasions when she does play, it is usually because Linus invites her. She is one of the few children in the neighborhood who has never played on Charlie Brown's baseball team, and her attempts to play catch with a football usually lead to comic results. She joins a "snow league" in a series of strips from November and December 1973 in which the local adults turn snowman building into an organized sport, but her team is not very good. They lose one match when the referee penalizes them for "improper mittens," and lose another because their snowman is offside.

text: Being Charlie Brown's sister, she refers to him as "big brother", having called him by his full name only on very rare occasions.

text: History[edit]

text: Sally was born on May 26, 1959, with Charlie Brown receiving a telephone call from the hospital and dashing out of the house yelling that he had a new baby sister. She was given the name "Sally" on June 2, 1959. Although Sally was often talked about and was the cause for a celebration that included Charlie Brown passing out chocolate cigars, it was not until August 23, 1959 that she finally made her first appearance in the strip.

text: As a baby Sally liked playing with empty baby bottles, which she used for everything from building blocks to bowling pins, and being taken out for walks. The latter caused poor Charlie Brown no small amount of frustration when he had to miss an important baseball game to walk her around the neighborhood in her stroller. He ended up leaving her to return to the game due to the pleading of his team, and, in typical Charlie Brown fashion, quickly lost the game, incurring the wrath of both his mother and his teammates.

text: Like other characters, such as Linus and Schroeder (who were also introduced to the strip as babies), Sally grew up quickly. On August 22, 1960, she took her first steps, and in the next day's strip she fell in love with Linus for the first time. Her first day of kindergarten came on September 5, 1962. Although the first glimpse of her new school made her run away screaming, she had a wonderful day once she got there. Unfortunately, her lack of aptitude for formal education quickly became apparent, as she nervously admitted in a later strip that she was sure they had made her go through kindergarten again because she had failed flower-bringing. Nevertheless, she did eventually complete kindergarten and settled in at about first or second grade age for the remainder of the strip's run. It was originally Linus who expressed a possible romantic interest in Sally. In a strip appearing shortly after Sally's birth, Linus is seen scribbling calculations on a fence. When Charlie Brown wanders by, Linus asks him, "When I'm 22 and Sally is 17, do you think she'll go out with me?" When Schulz revived the joke more than a year later, though, it was Sally who fell for Linus rather than the other way around.

text: In a storyline which began on November 29, 1965, Sally was diagnosed with amblyopia ex anopisa (lazy eye) which required her to wear an eye patch for a while. Her eye patch often went missing because Snoopy took it, pretending to be a pirate. Sally gave Snoopy the eye patch after her ophthalmologist told her that she did not need to wear it anymore. Some of the strips in which Sally was diagnosed with lazy eye were later reprinted in a comic book, Security is an Eye Patch, which was published and distributed for free by the U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare.

text: Sally was the first character to befriend Eudora, arguably the last major character to be introduced to the strip. Sally first met her during a trip to summer camp in 1978. She became a pupil in Sally's class later that year and was Sally's closest friend for most of her run in Peanuts.

text: In the later years of the strip, Sally started developing "Philosophies" on life. They were not the most well thought out philosophies, basically being phrases such as, "Who cares?", "Why me?", and "How should I know?"

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Being Charlie Brown's sister, she refers to him as "big brother", having called him by his full name only on very rare occasions (and usually only in her early years in the strip). Charlie Brown doted on her in the beginning, and was usually very patient with her. Yet Sally has never developed proper respect for her big brother, and invariably ends up disappointed in him when he fails to protect her from being teased or threatened by bullies. However, Sally constantly relies on Charlie Brown to help her with her homework, which usually results in his doing her assignments for her.

text: Sally often annoys Charlie Brown and regularly complains to him. She obviously thinks that Charlie Brown has a better bedroom than she does because she often tries to take it over from him.

text: However, deep down Sally loves her big brother.

text:
Like Lucy Van Pelt, Sally does not care that much for Snoopy and often calls him a stupid beagle. Sally usually complains when her big brother asks her to feed Snoopy whenever he is away from home.
When she was still an infant, Sally had a friendly and playful relationship with Snoopy. In one comic strip, dated August 30, 1959, Snoopy is shown happily playing with Sally, then stating that he liked playing with her and felt that they had something in common because, "She's the only one around here who knows how to walk on four feet." Snoopy was so fond of Sally that he once reluctantly declined to eat his dinner because Sally was asleep on his back. During this time period, Snoopy and Sally were also seen teaming up to snatch away Linus' blanket.
In later years, Sally occasionally enlists Snoopy's help in school assignments – she even treated him to an ice cream cone (a very tall ice cream cone, with scoops of about a dozen flavors) when Snoopy helped her get an "A" on a report about "Our Animal Friends." Sally also once used Snoopy as a "weapon" to help protect her from bullies on the playground (Snoopy would bark loudly at anyone who threatened Sally, leading Snoopy to comment, "I feel like a can of mace!"), but this ended in disaster when Snoopy saw an old girlfriend of his and ran off to meet her, abandoning Sally and leaving her to get "slaughtered" by the playground bullies.

text: Sally has a strong crush on Charlie Brown's friend Linus Van Pelt. She calls him her "Sweet Babboo" and when Linus says something Sally finds especially witty or intelligent, she expresses her admiration by asking, "Isn't he the cutest thing?" Her crush is a frequent source of embarrassment to Linus, but he endures it stoically for the most part, although he is sometimes driven to yell in exasperation, "I'm not your sweet babboo!" As Schroeder does with Lucy, Linus often attempts to fend Sally off with a sarcastic remark. Her devotion remains unwavering no matter how vigorously he protests, although on one occasion she treats Linus with an air of indifference leading to jealousy on his part, much to Sally's enjoyment.

text: Sally was the first character Eudora met on the bus to summer camp. She later appeared in Sally's class that fall and the two quickly befriended each other. But Sally does get angry at her at times, for example when Eudora shows feelings towards Sally's crush, Linus.

text: Sally  is shown to be best friends with Lucy Van Pelt despite Lucy playing tricks and being mean to Sally.

text: Portrayals[edit]

text: Kathy Steinberg was the first to voice Sally Brown in A Charlie Brown Christmas in 1965. Various actresses have voiced her since. Linda Jenner voiced her from It's a Mystery, Charlie Brown (1974) to Be My Valentine, Charlie Brown (1975). In Its Flashbeagle, Charlie Brown (1984), Snoopy's Getting Married, Charlie Brown (1985), and the 1983 season of The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show, Sally was voiced by Stacy Ferguson, better known as Fergie of the Black Eyed Peas. In It's Christmastime Again, Charlie Brown (1992), Sally was voiced by Jodie Sweetin (Stephanie on Full House and Fuller House).

text: Other voice actresses who have played Sally include:

text:
Kathy Steinberg (1963–1968)
Hilary Momberger (1969–1973)
Erin Sullivan (1969)
Lynn Mortesen (1974–1975)
Gail Davis (1975–1977)
Annalisa Bortolin (1980)
Cindi Reilly (1981–1983)
Stacy Heather Tolkin (1983)
Tiffany Reinbolt (1985)
Elizabeth Lyn Fraser (1986)
Ami Foster (1988)
Christina Lange (1988)
Brittany Thornton (1988–1989)
Adrienne Stiefel (1990)
Kaitlyn Walker (1991)
Mindy Ann Martin (1992)
Jodie Sweetin (1992)
Danielle Keaton (1997)
Nicolette Little (2002)
Megan Taylor Harvey (2002–2003)
Hanna Leigh Dworkin (2003)
Sierra Marcoux (2006)
Claire Corlett (2008)
Amanda Pace (2011)
Mariel Sheets (2015)
Emma Yarovinsky (2016)
Taylor Autumn Bertman (2016)

text: Kristin Chenoweth played Sally in the Broadway revival of the musical You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, winning the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress. The character of Sally had not been in the original production of You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown. In the revival Sally replaced Patty (not to be confused with the later character Peppermint Patty) who had long since disappeared from the comic strip. Sally was most recently played by Milly Shapiro in the 2016 revival of You're a Good Man Charlie Brown


document_title: Expedition Everest

question_text: what is the biggest drop on expedition everest

text: Expedition Everest

text: History[edit]

text: The attraction was announced publicly on April 22, 2003, during an event to celebrate the fifth anniversary of Disney's Animal Kingdom.[5] Its construction required three years and more than 38 miles of rebar, 5,000 tons of structural steel, and 10,000 tons of concrete.[6] Expedition Everest opened for previews on January 26, 2006,[1] and had its grand opening on April 7, 2006,[7] in ceremonies led by Disney CEO Bob Iger and theme parks chairman Jay Rasulo.

text: Ride experience[edit]

text: Queue[edit]

text: The attraction features a stand-by, Fastpass+, and a single-rider line.[1] The queue starts at the office of the fictional "Himalayan Escapes" travel agency, progressing to a replica temple with little holy figures. Visitors next enter a tea garden, followed by a room with equipment from a successful expedition, and then the "Yeti Museum", which contains information on the Yeti and a moulding of a Yeti footprint.[8] There are also about 8,000 artifacts brought from the Nepal trip in the museum.[9][10] The single-rider line skips all of the exhibits.

text: Ride[edit]

text: The riders board the roller coaster in the model village of Serka Zong, to begin a speedy route through the Himalayas to the base of Mount Everest.[4][8]

text: The train departs the station to the right and climbs a small lift leading to a short drop, then circles around to the 118-foot (36 m) lift hill, carrying the riders into the 199 1⁄2-foot-high (60.8 m) mountain. It is the tallest attraction at Walt Disney World, beating The Twilight Zone Tower of Terror by 6 inches. Disney keeps it just under 200 feet because law requires structures 200 feet or taller to have a blinking red light as a beacon for low-flying planes, which Disney feels would take parkgoers out of the experience. On the way up it passes through a ransacked temple with murals of the yeti, warning the riders that the mountain is his territory. At the top of the mountain the train curves around the main peak and goes through a cave. When it emerges, it draws to a halt in front of track that has been torn apart, presumably by the yeti. The train itself is held in place by a series of rubber tires while an automatic switch rotates the piece of track directly behind the train. The train then rolls backwards along a new route that spirals down through the mountain, coming to a halt in a large cave, where riders see the yeti's shadow on the wall as he tears up more track. This effect distracts riders from noticing another automatic track switch rotates in front of them. As the shadow moves away, the train rolls forward out of the mountain and down the main 80-foot (24 m) drop. It enters a 250° turn and speeds back up through another cave in the mountain, where the roars of the yeti are heard once more. The train exits from the rear of the mountain and enters a large helix before being lifted back into the mountain a final time. The train drops through a cave, where the yeti is reaching down toward it. On reaching the bottom of this drop, riders return to the unloading dock and depart into a gift shop. One ride takes about 2 minutes and 50 seconds.[8][11][12][13]

text: Trains[edit]

text: Expedition Everest has six steam-like trains, each with six cars that together provide 17 rows seating two abreast, for a total of 36 riders per train. The trains are themed as the "Anandapur Rail Service" and are made to look old and rusty.[4][8] Riders must be at least 44 inches (110 cm) tall and are secured by a lap bar.[4][13] Up to five trains usually operate at once, but fewer can be used if guest demand is low.[1] To create the illusion of a "steam powered" train, engineers placed vents under the station. When a train comes into the station, steam comes up through the vents and enters the loading platform.[6]

text: Track[edit]

text: The steel track is 4,424 feet (1,348 m) long and the lift is about 118 feet (36 m) high. Expedition Everest is the first ride to use Vekoma's newest track system, which places the rails on the outside of the ties rather than on the inside. This was the first large-scale installation of such a system.[12]

text: Facts and details[edit]

text: Although moderate in height and length by contemporary standards, Expedition Everest was the first ride for Disney to have its trains travel both forward and backward. This is accomplished through two sets of track switches, one before the rear segment and one after. This was the second Disney roller coaster to run backwards, the first being Indiana Jones et le Temple du Péril: Backwards! at Disneyland Resort Paris (2000–2004).[14] Expedition Everest, however, was the first Disney roller coaster to switch between forward and backward sections during a single ride.[15]

text: The mountain facade, the Yeti audio-animatronic, and the roller coaster are three independent structures. Each structure reaches the ground-level and does not touch the other two structures. This was achieved via 4-D scheduling software that told builders how to construct it.[16]

text: Mountain[edit]

text: Expedition Everest is often compared to the 1959 Matterhorn Bobsleds roller coaster at Disneyland, which also features a snowy mountain setting and an "abominable snowman" figure throughout the ride.[17] Expedition Everest's mountain is made from 1,800 tons of steel and painted with 2,000 gallons of paint.[4][13] It is the tallest artificial mountain in the world, but not, as occasionally cited, the tallest point in Florida.[6] It is Disney's 18th mountain-themed attraction.[4] As of 2012[update], there are 20 mountain-themed attractions.

text: The artificial mountain is a model, not of Mount Everest, but of the fictional "forbidden mountain" guarded by the yeti in the story created by Walt Disney Imagineering for the attraction. Everest is represented by the barren background peak on the far right, which is made to seem far in the distance (an example of forced perspective).[13]

text: Yeti[edit]

text: The yeti is the largest and most complex audio-animatronic figure ever built by Walt Disney Imagineering.[6][8] It is 25 feet (7.6 m) tall. Its "skin" measures 1,000 square feet (93 m2), and is held in place by 1,000 snaps and 250 zippers. Its movement is controlled by 19 actuators when functioning in "A-mode", its full mode of operation. In "A-mode," it can move 5 ft (1.5 m) horizontally and 18 in (46 cm) vertically. The yeti's roars are provided by voice actor Fred Tatasciore.

text: A few months after the ride opened in 2006, the yeti figure's framing split, threatening catastrophic malfunction if it were to be operated further in "A-mode". [18] Since then it has been operated only in the alternative "B-mode", in which a strobe-light effect is used to give the appearance of movement, earning it the nickname "Disco Yeti" from some fans. It is speculated that the problem was caused by damage to the yeti's concrete base structure, which is unlikely to be repaired until a major refurbishment in the distant future, because the design limits access to the yeti without major disassembly of the superstructure.[19] The problem with the concrete is rumored to have occurred due to a glitch in the 4-D scheduling software that prevented adequate curing of a portion of the Yeti's foundation before the fabrication of mountain elements and roller coaster track.[20]

text: Joe Rohde, the Imagineer in charge of building the attraction and Animal Kingdom, was asked about the yeti at the 2013 D23 Expo. Rohde responded, "You have to understand, it's a giant complicated machine sitting on top of, like, a 46-foot tall tower in the middle of a finished building. So, it's really hard to fix, but we are working on it. And we continue to work on it. We have tried several 'things', none of them quite get to the key, turning of the 40-foot tower inside of a finished building, but we are working on it... I will fix the Yeti someday, I swear." [21][22]

text: Promotions[edit]

text: Discovery Networks[edit]

text: In 2005, Disney, Discovery Networks, and Conservation International conducted expeditions to Nepal as part of the promotion for Expedition Everest. The purpose was to conduct scientific and cultural research in remote areas of the Himalayas, the location of the yeti legend. Participants included Joe Rohde from Walt Disney Imagineering and scientists from Conservation International and Disney's Animal Kingdom.[10]

text: The expeditions and the making of the attraction were chronicled in three documentaries broadcast on Discovery's cable television channels in April 2006.[7] The first was Expedition Everest: Journey to Sacred Lands, broadcast on the Travel Channel on April 9 to coincide with the attraction's grand opening.[7] The second, Building A Thrill Ride: Expedition Everest, was aired on April 10[7] and detailed the planning and construction of the ride, along with some of the ideas that made it possible. (During construction, for example, instead of traditional scaffolding the Imagineers used interior poles that poked through the outside of the mountain and were connected by wooden platforms.)[6] This documentary also featured survival tips from Les Stroud. The third, Corwin's Quest: Realm of the Yeti, was broadcast on Animal Planet on April 15 and featured American animal and nature conservationist Jeff Corwin.[7]

text: Everest in the City[edit]

text: On February 15, 2006, Disney staged an elaborate publicity stunt called "Everest in the City" in Times Square, New York City. They draped large billboards over the sides of several buildings, depicting Everest with a coaster car careening down the mountainside and the yeti looking on from another peak, its eyes glowing red and flashing when the text message "Disney” was sent to “4Yeti” as provided by Disney.[23]

text: Incidents[edit]

text: Wikinews has related news: Man dies on ride at Disney World in Florida; possibly had prior conditions

text: On December 18, 2007, a 44-year-old guest was found unconscious after the train returned to the station. He was taken to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead. A preliminary autopsy by the Orange County medical examiner's office concluded that the victim had died of dilated cardiomyopathy.[24]

text: Awards and records[edit]

text: Expedition Everest is listed in the 2011 book of Guinness World Records as the most expensive roller coaster in the world. Including sets and extras, the total cost of the ride was reported to be US$100 million over six years of planning and construction.[3]

text: Expedition Everest won the 2006 Theme Park Insider Award for the "World's Best New Theme Park Attraction".[25] It has also been ranked in the Golden Ticket Awards and the Best Roller Coaster Poll. It was ranked 2nd for "Best New Ride For 2006" in the Golden Ticket Awards.[26]

text:
Golden Ticket Awards: Top steel Roller Coasters

Year
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2013
2015

Ranking
32 (tied)[27]
35[28]
36[29]
36[30]
47[31]
42 (tied)[32]
47[33]

text:
Mitch Hawker's Best Roller Coaster Poll: Best Steel-Tracked Roller Coaster

Year
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010

Ranking

44[34]

82[34]

60[34]

76[34]

91[34]


document_title: Daisy Miller

question_text: where does winterbourne take daisy on their first date

text: Daisy Miller

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Annie "Daisy" Miller and Frederick Winterbourne first meet in Vevey, Switzerland, in a garden of the grand hotel,[2] where Winterbourne is allegedly vacationing from his studies (an attachment to an older lady is rumoured). They are introduced by Randolph Miller, Daisy's nine-year-old brother. Randolph considers their hometown of Schenectady, New York, to be absolutely superior to all of Europe. Daisy, however, is absolutely delighted with the continent, especially the high society she wishes to enter.

text: Winterbourne is at first confused by her attitude, and though greatly impressed by her beauty, he soon determines that she is nothing more than a young flirt. He continues his pursuit of Daisy in spite of the disapproval of his aunt, Mrs. Costello, who spurns any family with so close a relationship to their courier as the Millers have with their Eugenio. She also thinks Daisy is a shameless girl for agreeing to visit the Château de Chillon with Winterbourne after they have known each other for only half an hour. The next day, the two travel to Château de Chillon and although Winterbourne had paid the janitor for privacy, Daisy is not quite impressed. Winterbourne then informs Daisy that he must go to Geneva the next day. Daisy feels disappointment and chaffs him, eventually asking him to visit her in Rome later that year.

text: In Rome, Winterbourne and Daisy meet unexpectedly in the parlor of Mrs. Walker, an American expatriate, whose moral values have adapted to those of Italian society. Rumors about Daisy meeting with young Italian gentlemen make her socially exceptionable under these criteria. Winterbourne learns of Daisy's increasing intimacy with a young Italian of questionable society, Giovanelli, as well as the growing scandal caused by the pair's behaviour. Daisy is undeterred by the open disapproval of the other Americans in Rome, and her mother seems quite unaware of the underlying tensions. Winterbourne and Mrs. Walker attempt to persuade Daisy to separate from Giovanelli, but she refuses.

text: One night, Winterbourne takes a walk through the Colosseum and sees a young couple sitting at its centre. He realises that they are Giovanelli and Daisy. Winterbourne, infuriated with Giovanelli, asks him how he could dare to take Daisy to a place where she runs the risk of catching "Roman Fever". Daisy says she does not care and Winterbourne leaves them. Daisy falls ill and dies a few days later.

text: Key themes[edit]

text: This novella serves as both a psychological description of the mind of a young woman and as an analysis of the traditional views of a society where she is a clear outsider. Henry James uses Daisy's story to discuss what he thinks Europeans and Americans believe about each other and more generally the prejudices common in any culture. In a letter, James said that Daisy is the victim of a "social rumpus" that goes on either over her head or beneath her notice.[3]

text: The names of the characters are also symbolic. Daisy is a flower in full bloom, without inhibitions and in the springtime of her life. Daisy contrasts sharply with Winterbourne. Flowers die in winter and this is precisely what happens to Daisy after catching the Roman Fever. As an objective analogue to this psychological reality, Daisy catches the very real Roman fever, the malaria that was endemic to many Roman neighbourhoods in the 19th century.

text: The issue on which the novella turns is the "innocence" of Daisy, despite her seemingly scandalous behaviour.

text: John Burnside, writing for The Independent, said,

text: Daisy Miller arrives in Frederick Winterbourne's staid world the way that an angel arrives at an Annunciation, as both promise and challenge. From their first meeting at Vevey, to the story's dramatic conclusion in Rome, Winterbourne's interest in Daisy is subject to constant censure from his carefully "exclusive" aunt, Mrs Costello, and her forensically respectable social circle: the girl is "not nice," they say; she is overly familiar with her family's courier, she has been observed in inappropriate situations with dubious young "gentlemen" and Winterbourne would clearly do well to distance himself, before the inevitable scandal unfolds. At first sight, it seems that Winterbourne is genuinely torn between romantic attachment and his suffocating social milieu – and that might have made for an engaging, but not uncommon study of love versus convention; however, James' keen observation reveals something deeper than that, for even as he protests his aunt's attacks on Daisy's character (yes, she is uncultivated, he admits, but she is not the reprobate for which the entire world has decided to mistake her), he is less disappointed than relieved when a nocturnal encounter with the girl and her suitor, Giovanelli, appears to prove Mrs Costello right: "Winterbourne stopped, with a sort of horror; and, it must be added, with a sort of relief. It was as if a sudden illumination had been flashed upon the ambiguity of Daisy's behaviour and the riddle had become easy to read. She was a young lady whom a gentleman need no longer be at pains to respect." Though the novel's final act has yet to unfold, we cannot help but conclude that the real tragedy lies here, in Winterbourne's relief.[4]

text: Critical evaluation[edit]

text: Daisy Miller was an immediate and widespread popular success for James, despite some criticism that the story was "an outrage on American girlhood".[5] The story continues to be one of James' most popular works, along with The Turn of the Screw and The Portrait of a Lady. Critics have generally praised the freshness and vigor of the storytelling.[citation needed]

text: In 1909, James revised Daisy Miller extensively for the New York Edition. He altered the tone of the story, and many modern editions (Penguin; Broadview) prefer to print the original edition, their editors believing that the later edition is a diminution of the original, rather than an improvement.

text: Derivative works[edit]

text: James converted his story into a play that failed to be produced. He published the play in The Atlantic Monthly in 1883, and it showed many changes from the original story. In particular, a happy ending was inserted to please what James believed to be the preferences of theatre-goers.[6]

text: In the 1890s, a short walking-skirt called the rainy daisy, supposedly named for Daisy Miller, was introduced.[7]

text: A 1974 film adaptation was directed by Peter Bogdanovich, with Cybill Shepherd as Daisy, Barry Brown as Frederick Winterbourne, Cloris Leachman as Mrs. Ezra Miller, Duilio Del Prete as Mr. Giovanelli, and Eileen Brennan as Mrs. Walker. Frederick Raphael wrote the script; the film follows the structure of the original story without significant changes, and even uses portions of James' dialogue from the novel.

text: A rap adaptation of Daisy Miller appears on Heavy Jamal's album Shining Sky Lobster.[8]

text: The novella was adapted in 2017 as a five-part radio drama on BBC Radio 4 for its 15 Minute Drama's Love Henry James series.[9]


document_title: Luteolysis

question_text: what is the result when the progesterone level drops from a regressing corpus luteum

text: Luteolysis

text: Luteolysis (also known as luteal regression) is the structural and functional degradation of the corpus luteum (CL), which occurs at the end of the luteal phase of both the estrous and menstrual cycles in the absence of pregnancy. In domestic animals, luteolysis is initiated by the hormones prostaglandin F2alpha and oxytocin. In sheep, communication between the pars nervosa (posterior lobe of the pituitary gland), corpus luteum, and the uterus endometrium via the circulatory system is required for luteolysis. Studies with sheep have found that, if the uterine horn is ipsalateral to the ovary possessing the CL is surgically removed, the lifespan of the corpus luteum will increase drastically.

text: Luteolysis in primates (including humans), however, is not caused by prostaglandin, and removal of the uterus will not prolong the life of the corpus luteum. However, primates do respond to PGF2a, and asthmatics should take great care when handling this hormone as PGF2a is bronchoconstrictor.

text: Estrogen, secreted by Granulosa Cells and primarily progesterone, secreted by the corpus luteum, inhibit the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) by the adenohypophysis (anterior lobe of the pituitary gland) via classical negative feedback mechanisms. This removes the luteotrophic support provided by the gonadotropin luteinizing hormone (LH). During a pregnancy, the corpus luteum remains on the ovary releasing progesterone which will maintain a state of uterine quiescence and close the cervix until the delivery of the fetus. Alternatively if no implantation of a blastocyst occurs, the corpus luteum is degraded to a corpus albicans (scar tissue) by PGF2alpha released by uterine endometrial cells.

text: Degradation of the corpus luteum will result in reduced levels of progesterone, promoting an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion by the adenohypophysis, which will trigger the development of a new follicle on the ovary.

text: If pregnancy occurs, the placental hormone chorionic gonadotropin continues to maintain the corpus luteum, but in some species it will eventually degrade sometime during pregnancy.

text: If pregnancy occurs in equine, the placental hormone equine chorionic gonadotropin released by endometrial cup continue to maintain the progesterone by acting as LH and FSH for follicles in ovary which will in return lead to increase in amount of corpus luteum.

text: Luteolytic agents[edit]

text:
Danazol was described as a luteolytic agent.[1]
Cloprostenol is another example of such an agent.