document_title: Helter Skelter (song)

question_text: who shouts i've got blisters on my fingers

question_tokens: who shouts i 've got blisters on my fingers

text: Helter Skelter (song)

text: Writing and inspiration[edit]

text: McCartney was inspired to write the song after reading a 1967 Guitar Player magazine interview with the Who's Pete Townshend where he described their latest single, "I Can See for Miles", as the loudest, rawest, dirtiest song the Who had ever recorded. McCartney then "wrote 'Helter Skelter' to be the most raucous vocal, the loudest drums, et cetera" and said he was "using the symbol of a helter skelter as a ride from the top to the bottom; the rise and fall of the Roman Empire – and this was the fall, the demise."[5] In British English, a helter skelter is an amusement park attraction which features a tall spiral slide winding round a tower.[9] McCartney has cited this song as a response to critics who accuse him of writing only ballads.[10]

text: On 20 November 1968, two days before the release of The Beatles, McCartney gave Radio Luxembourg an exclusive interview, in which he commented on several of the album's songs. Speaking of "Helter Skelter", he said: "Umm, that came about just 'cause I'd read a review of a record which said, 'and this group really got us wild, there's echo on everything, they're screaming their heads off.' And I just remember thinking, 'Oh, it'd be great to do one. Pity they've done it. Must be great – really screaming record.' And then I heard their record and it was quite straight, and it was very sort of sophisticated. It wasn't rough and screaming and tape echo at all. So I thought, 'Oh well, we'll do one like that, then.' And I had this song called 'Helter Skelter,' which is just a ridiculous song. So we did it like that, 'cuz I like noise."[11]

text: Recording[edit]

text: The song was recorded many times during sessions for The Beatles. During the 18 July 1968 sessions, the Beatles recorded a version of the song lasting 27 minutes and 11 seconds,[12] although this version is rather slow and hypnotic, differing greatly from the volume and rawness of the album version.[13] Another recording from the same day, originally 12 minutes long, was edited down to 4:37 for Anthology 3. On 9 September, 18 takes of approximately five minutes each were recorded, and the last one is featured on the original LP.[12] After the 18th take, Ringo Starr flung his drum sticks across the studio[14] and screamed, "I got blisters on my fingers!"[5][12] Starr's shout was included on the stereo mix of the song. At around 3:40, the song completely fades out, gradually fades back in, fades back out partially and finally fades back in quickly with three cymbal crashes and Ringo's scream (some sources erroneously credit the "blisters" line to Lennon; in fact, Lennon can be heard asking "How's that?" before Ringo's outburst).[15] The mono version (originally on LP only) ends on the first fadeout without Starr's outburst. The mono version was not initially available in the US as mono albums had already been phased out there. The mono version was later released in the American version of the Rarities album. In 2009, it was made available on the CD mono re-issue of The Beatles as part of the Beatles in Mono CD box set.

text: According to Chris Thomas, who was present,[12] the 9 September session was especially spirited: "While Paul was doing his vocal, George Harrison had set fire to an ashtray and was running around the studio with it above his head, doing an Arthur Brown."[12] Starr's recollection is less detailed, but agrees in spirit: "'Helter Skelter' was a track we did in total madness and hysterics in the studio. Sometimes you just had to shake out the jams."[10]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Among music critics commenting on "Helter Skelter", Richie Unterberger of AllMusic views it as "one of [the] fiercest and most brutal rockers done by anyone" and "extraordinary".[16] Writing for MusicHound in 1999, Guitar World editor Christopher Scapelliti identified the track as one of three "fascinating standouts" on the White Album.[17] While admiring the diversity of McCartney's songwriting on the album, Mark Richardson of Pitchfork cites "Helter Skelter" as one of "the roughest, rawest tunes in his Beatles oeuvre".[18]

text: Ian MacDonald was highly critical of the song, however, calling it "ridiculous, McCartney shrieking weedily against a massively tape-echoed backdrop of out-of-tune thrashing".[19] Rob Sheffield was also unimpressed, writing in The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004) that, following the double album's release on CD, "now you can program 'Sexy Sadie' and 'Long, Long, Long' without having to lift the needle to skip over 'Helter Skelter.'"[20] Alan W. Pollack said the song will "scare and unsettle" listeners, citing "Helter Skelter"'s "obsessive nature" and "undercurrent of violence", and noted McCartney's "savage vocal delivery" as reinforcing this theme.[21]

text: In a 1980 interview, Lennon said, "That's Paul completely ... It has nothing to do with anything, and least of all to do with me."[6]

text: In March 2005, Q magazine ranked "Helter Skelter" number 5 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks.

text: Charles Manson[edit]

text: Charles Manson told his followers that several White Album songs including "Helter Skelter" were a part of the Beatles' coded prophecy of an apocalyptic war in which racist and non-racist whites would be manoeuvred into virtually exterminating each other over the treatment of blacks.[22][23][24] Upon the war's conclusion, after black militants would kill off the few whites they would know to have survived, Manson and his companions would emerge from an underground city in which they would have escaped the conflict. As the only remaining whites, they would rule blacks, who, as the vision went, would be incapable of running America. Manson employed "helter skelter" as the term for this sequence of events.

text: Los Angeles Deputy District Attorney Vincent Bugliosi, who led the prosecution of Manson and four of his followers who acted on Manson's instruction in the Tate-LaBianca murders, named his best-selling book about the murders Helter Skelter.[22] The book was the basis for two television movies of the same title.

text: Cover versions[edit]

text:
In 1975, Aerosmith recorded a cover of "Helter Skelter", but it was not released until 1991, on the Pandora's Box compilation.[25] The cover charted at #21 on the Mainstream Rock Tracks chart.
in 1978, Siouxsie and the Banshees released one of the first covers of the song on their debut album The Scream
in 1981, Pat Benatar included a cover of the song on her album Precious Time.
In 1983, the Bobs released an a cappella version on their eponymous album.[26] It earned them a 1984 Grammy nomination for Best Vocal Arrangement for Two or More Voices.[27]
In 1983, a remake of this song was also featured on the Mötley Crüe album Shout at the Devil.
In 1988, a U2 recording was used as the opening track on the Rattle and Hum album. The song was recorded live at the McNichols Sports Arena in Denver, Colorado on 8 November 1987.[28] Introducing the song, Bono controversially said, "This is a song Charles Manson stole from the Beatles. We’re stealing it back."[29]
In 1989, Vow Wow recorded "Helter Skelter", released it as a single and named their album after the song.
In 2007, Oasis recorded a cover of "Helter Skelter", originally as a B-side to the single release of "Who Feels Love?" They also performed the song on their world tour promoting their fourth album Standing on the Shoulder of Giants in the early 2000s; one live version was recorded for their 2001 live album Familiar to Millions.
In 2007, Dana Fuchs performs the song in Across the Universe.
In 2007, Beatallica recorded a parody called "Helvester of Skelter", which also was a parody of the Metallica song "Harvester of Sorrow".
In 2018, Dr. Pepper's Jaded Hearts Club Band covers the song live during their live sets.

text: Paul McCartney live performances[edit]

text: Since 2004 McCartney has performed the song with his band on every tour, starting on 24 May 2004, while on the '04 Summer Tour, through The 'US' Tour (2005), the Summer Live '09 (2009), the Good Evening Europe Tour (2009), the Up and Coming Tour (2010/2011), the On the Run Tour (2011/2012) and the Out There Tour, which started on 4 May 2013. In the last tours, the song has been generally inserted on the third encore, which is the last time the band enters the stage. It is usually the last but one song, performed after "Yesterday" and before the final medley including "The End". Paul played the song on his One on One Tour at Fenway Park on 17 July, 2016 accompanied by the Grateful Dead's Bob Weir and New England Patriots football player Rob Gronkowski.

text: McCartney performed the song live at the 48th Annual Grammy Awards on 8 February 2006 at the Staples Center in Los Angeles. In 2009, McCartney performed the song live on top of the Ed Sullivan Theater during his appearance on the Late Show with David Letterman.

text: The version of the song from McCartney's live album Good Evening New York City, recorded during the Summer Live '09 tour, was nominated at the 53rd Grammy Awards in the category of Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance.[30] It won, becoming McCartney's first solo Grammy win since he won for arranging "Uncle Albert/Admiral Halsey" in 1972.[31]

text: McCartney opened his set at 12-12-12: The Concert for Sandy Relief with the song.[32]

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Paul McCartney – lead vocal, electric guitar, piano
John Lennon – backing vocal, six-string bass, electric guitar, sound effects (through brass instruments)
George Harrison – backing vocal, rhythm guitar, electric slide guitar, sound effects
Ringo Starr – drums, cowbell, vocal shout
Mal Evans – trumpet

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ McKinney, Devin (2003). Magic Circles: The Beatles in Dream and History. Harvard University Press. p. 231. ISBN 0-674-01202-X.
Jump up ^ Winn, John C (2009). That Magic Feeling: The Beatles' Recorded Legacy, Volume Two, 1966–1970. Three Rivers Press. p. 210. ISBN 0-307-45239-5.
Jump up ^ Rowley, David (2013). All Together Now. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 68.
Jump up ^ Athitakis, Mark (September–October 2013). "A Beatles Reflection". Humanities. National Endowment of the Humanities. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
^ Jump up to: a b c Miles 1997, pp. 487–488.
^ Jump up to: a b Sheff 2000, p. 200.
Jump up ^ Erlewine 2007.
Jump up ^ "100 Greatest Beatles Songs". 19 September 2011. Retrieved 15 October 2014.
Jump up ^ AskOxford 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b The Beatles 2000, p. 311.
Jump up ^ Beatles Interview Database 1968.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f Lewisohn 1988, p. 154.
Jump up ^ Marck 2008.
Jump up ^ Spitz 2005, p. 794.
Jump up ^ Brown 2007.
Jump up ^ Allmusic 2007.
Jump up ^ Graff & Durchholz 1999, p. 88.
Jump up ^ Richardson, Mark (10 September 2009). "The Beatles: The Beatles". Pitchfork Media. Retrieved 24 November 2015.
Jump up ^ MacDonald 2005, p. 298.
Jump up ^ Brackett & Hoard, p. 53.
^ Jump up to: a b Pollack 1998.
^ Jump up to: a b Bugliosi 1997, pp. 240–247.
Jump up ^ Linder 2007a.
Jump up ^ Linder 2007b.
Jump up ^ "Pandora's Box - Aerosmith". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
Jump up ^ "The Bobs - The Bobs". AllMusic. Retrieved 7 September 2017.
Jump up ^ 1984 Grammy award nomination, Best Vocal Arrangement for Two or More Voices, Richard Greene, Gunnar Madsen - Helter Skelter (The Bobs) LA Times, "The Envelope" awards database, accessed 2010 Jan 13.
Jump up ^ "U2 - Helter Skelter". U2songs.com. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
Jump up ^ "Bono Bites Back". Mother Jones Magazine. Retrieved 20 November 2017.
Jump up ^ Final Nominations List, 53rd Grammy Awards Archived 14 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine., National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences. Retrieved on 10 February 2011.
Jump up ^ [1][permanent dead link] Yahoo! Entertainment Story - Reuters. Retrieved on 13 February 2011.[dead link]
Jump up ^ '12-12-12': Paul McCartney fronts Nirvana 'reunion' and more highlights from Sandy benefit concert Archived 14 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine.. Retrieved 13 December 2012.

tag: ol


document_title: Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing

question_text: where are the three legs of the triple crown held

question_tokens: where are the three legs of the triple crown held

root

text: Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing

text: United States Triple Crowns[edit]

text: In the United States, the three races that make up the Triple Crown are:

tag: p

text:
Kentucky Derby, run over the 1 1⁄4-mile (2.0 km) dirt track at Churchill Downs in Louisville, Kentucky
Preakness Stakes, run over the 1 3⁄16-mile (1.9 km) dirt track at Pimlico Race Course in Baltimore, Maryland
Belmont Stakes, run over the 1 1⁄2-mile (2.4 km) dirt track (the longest in U.S. thoroughbred racing) at Belmont Park in Elmont, New York, just east of New York City

text: Triple Crown winners[edit]

text:
List of US Triple Crown winners

Year

Winner

Jockey

Trainer

Owner

Breeder

1919

Sir Barton

Johnny Loftus

H. Guy Bedwell

J. K. L. Ross

John E. Madden

1930

Gallant Fox

Earl Sande

Jim Fitzsimmons

Belair Stud

Belair Stud

1935

Omaha

Willie Saunders

Jim Fitzsimmons

Belair Stud

Belair Stud

1937

War Admiral

Charley Kurtsinger

George H. Conway

Samuel D. Riddle

Samuel D. Riddle

1941

Whirlaway

Eddie Arcaro

Ben A. Jones

Calumet Farm

Calumet Farm

1943

Count Fleet

Johnny Longden

Don Cameron

Fannie Hertz

Fannie Hertz

1946

Assault

Warren Mehrtens

Max Hirsch

King Ranch

King Ranch

1948

Citation

Eddie Arcaro

Horace A. Jones

Calumet Farm

Calumet Farm

1973

Secretariat

Ron Turcotte

Lucien Laurin

Meadow Stable

Meadow Stud

1977

Seattle Slew

Jean Cruguet

William H. Turner, Jr.

Mickey and Karen L. TaylorTayhill Stable/Jim Hill, et al.

Ben S. Castleman

1978

Affirmed

Steve Cauthen

Laz Barrera

Harbor View Farm

Harbor View Farm

2015

American Pharoah

Victor Espinoza

Bob Baffert

Ahmed Zayat

Zayat Stables

2018

Justify

Mike E Smith

Bob Baffert

China Horse Club International Ltd., WinStar Farm, Starlight Racing, Head of Plains Partners LLC

John D. Gunther

tag: table

text: Triple Tiara[edit]

text: There have been several different versions of the Triple Tiara (sometimes known as the Filly Triple Crown) in the United States. One of them was a national version that consisted of undercard events on the same weekends as the associated Triple Crown races:

text:
Kentucky Oaks, run over 1 1⁄8 miles (1.8 km) on a dirt track, at Churchill Downs;
Black-Eyed Susan Stakes, run over 1 1⁄8 miles (1.8 km) (previously 1 1⁄16 mi or 1.7 km) on a dirt track, at Pimlico Race Course;
Acorn Stakes, run over 1 mile (1.6 km) (previously 1 1⁄2 mi or 2.4 km) on a dirt track, at Belmont Park;

text: Only one filly won this version of the Triple Tiara, Davona Dale in 1979. Few have even tried as the short time between the Kentucky Oaks and Black-Eyed Susan is generally considered too short for fillies.

text: The most commonly accepted version of the Triple Tiara uses three races from New York. From 1957 to 2002, and 2007 to 2009, these three races were the Acorn Stakes, the Mother Goose Stakes, and the Coaching Club American Oaks. Eight fillies won this version of the New York Triple Tiara:

text:
Dark Mirage (1968)
Shuvee (1969)
Chris Evert (1974)
Ruffian (1975)
Davona Dale (1979)
Mom's Command (1985)
Open Mind (1989)
Sky Beauty (1993)

tag: ul

text: In 2010, the NYRA changed the configuration of the Triple Tiara to include the Alabama Stakes instead of the Mother Goose. Thus far, no filly has won the reconfigured Triple Tiara.

text: English Triple Crowns[edit]

text: In Great Britain, where the term Triple Crown originated with West Australian's three wins in 1853, it is made up of:

text:
the 2,000 Guineas Stakes, run over one mile (1,609 meters) at Newmarket Racecourse in Newmarket, Suffolk
The Derby, run over one mile, four furlongs and ten yards (2,423 metres) at Epsom Downs Racecourse in Epsom, Surrey
the St Leger Stakes, run over one mile, six furlongs and 132 yards (2,937 metres) at Town Moor in Doncaster, Yorkshire

text: Since the 2,000 Guineas was first run in 1809, fifteen horses (including three winners of substitute races at Newmarket during the First World War) have won the English Triple Crown. The most recent – and only winner since World War II – was Nijinsky, in 1970. For many years, it was considered unlikely that any horse would ever win the English Triple Crown again. In the winter of 2006/2007, however, trainer Jim Bolger was training his unbeaten colt Teofilo for the Triple Crown[1] and bookmaker William Hill plc was offering odds of only 12/1 against Teofilo winning the 2007 Triple Crown. The horse was withdrawn from the 2000 Guineas two days before the race after suffering a setback and never raced again.

text: Since Nijinsky, only Nashwan (1989), Sea the Stars (2009), and Camelot (2012) have won both the Guineas and the Derby. Between Reference Point in 1987 and Camelot in 2012, no Derby winner (not even the potential Triple Crown winners Nashwan and Sea the Stars) even entered the St. Leger. This reluctance to compete in the St. Leger is said to be because of the impact it would have on a horse's stud value in a market where speed is preferred to stamina.

text: Triple Crown winners[edit]

text: For a list of the annual individual race winners, see English Triple Crown race winners.

text: Triple Crown winners:

text:
Year

Winner

Jockey

Trainer

Owner

1853

West Australian

Frank Butler

John Scott

John Bowes

1865

Gladiateur

Harry Grimshaw

Tom Jennings, Sr.

Frédéric de Lagrange

1866

Lord Lyon

Harry Custance

James Dover

Richard Sutton

1886

Ormonde

Fred Archer

John Porter

Duke of Westminster

1891

Common

George Barrett

John Porter

Sir Frederick Johnstone

1893

Isinglass

Tommy Loates

James Jewitt

Harry McCalmont

1897

Galtee More

Charles Wood

Sam Darling

John Gubbins

1899

Flying Fox

Morny Cannon

John Porter

Duke of Westminster

1900

Diamond Jubilee

Herbert Jones

Richard Marsh

Edward, Prince of Wales

1903

Rock Sand

Danny Maher

George Blackwell

Sir James Miller

1915†

Pommern

Steve Donoghue

Charles Peck

Solly Joel

1917†

Gay Crusader

Steve Donoghue

Alec Taylor, Jr.

Alfred W. Cox

1918†

Gainsborough

Joe Childs

Alec Taylor, Jr.

Lady James Douglas

1935

Bahram

Freddie Fox and Charlie Smirke

Frank Butters

HH Aga Khan III

1970

Nijinsky

Lester Piggott

Vincent O'Brien

Charles W. Engelhard, Jr.

text: †Wartime winners Pommern, Gay Crusader and Gainsborough are not counted, according to many judges, as the three races were all held at Newmarket and racing itself was too disrupted. By this reckoning, there were only 12 triple crown winners, and only three in the 20th century.

text: Failed Triple Crown attempts[edit]

text: The following horses won the 2000 Guineas and Derby but were beaten in the St Leger:

text:
Cotherstone (1843): second to Nutwith
Pretender (1869): fourth to Pero Gomez
Shotover (1882): third to Dutch Oven
Ayrshire (1888): sixth to Seabreeze
Ladas (1894): second to Throstle
St. Amant (1904): seventh and last to Pretty Polly
Minoru (1909): fourth to Bayardo
Manna (1925): tenth to Solario
Cameronian (1931): tenth and last to Sandwich
Camelot (2012): second to Encke

text: Fillies Triple Crown[edit]

text: There is also a Fillies Triple Crown for a filly winning the 1,000 Guineas Stakes, Epsom Oaks and St. Leger Stakes.[2] In the past, this was not considered a true Triple Crown as the best fillies would often run in the Derby and Two Thousand Guineas. As this is no longer the case, the Fillies' Triple Crown would now be considered as comparable as the original. Winners of the Fillies Triple Crown are:

text:
1868 – Formosa, also dead heated in the Two Thousand Guineas
1871 – Hannah
1874 – Apology, also won the Ascot Gold Cup
1892 – La Fleche, also won the Ascot Gold Cup
1902 – Sceptre, also won the Two Thousand Guineas
1904 – Pretty Polly
1942 – Sun Chariot
1955 – Meld[2]
1985 – Oh So Sharp

text: Alternative Triple Crowns[edit]

text: The trio of Ascot Gold Cup, Goodwood Cup and Doncaster Cup is sometimes referred to as the Stayers Triple Crown.[3]

text: Ireland[edit]

text: In Ireland, the Triple Crown, modelled on the English equivalent,[4] is made up of

text:
the Irish 2,000 Guineas
the Irish Derby
the Irish St. Leger (open to older horses)

text: All three races are run at the Curragh.

text: Triple Crown winners[edit]

text: For a list of the annual individual race winners, see Irish Triple Crown race winners.

text: Only two horses have won all three races since the Irish Two Thousand Guineas was first run in 1921:

text:
Museum (1935)
Windsor Slipper (1942)

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada the three races that comprise the Triple Crown are:

text:
Queen's Plate
Prince of Wales Stakes
Breeders' Stakes

text: Winners of the Canadian Triple Crown[edit]

text: The Canadian Triple Crown was established in 1959 and since then seven horses have won it. In 2014, the Hall of Fame decided to honor the five horses who had won the three races before 1959, meaning 12 horses are now officially recognized as winning the Canadian Triple Crown.[5][6][7]

text: Pre-1959 establishment[edit]

text:
1932 Queensway (filly)
1939 Archworth
1945 Uttermost
1955 Ace Marine
1956 Canadian Champ

text: Since 1959 establishment[edit]

text:
1959 New Providence
1963 Canebora
1989 With Approval
1990 Izvestia
1991 Dance Smartly (filly)
1993 Peteski
2003 Wando

text: Canadian Triple Tiara[edit]

text: The Canadian Triple Tiara consists of:

text:
Woodbine Oaks (formerly the Canadian Oaks)
Bison City Stakes
Wonder Where Stakes

text: To date, only one filly has won it:

text: 2007 Sealy Hill

text: Australia[edit]

text: The Australian Triple Crown comprises the following races:[8]

text:
Randwick Guineas (1,600 m)
Rosehill Guineas (2,000 m)
AJC Australian Derby (2,400 m).

text: The three-year-old Triple Crown initially included the Canterbury Guineas (1,900 m) but nowadays the first leg is the Randwick Guineas.[9]

text: Australian Triple Crown champions[edit]

text: A total of five horses have won the Australian Triple Crown:[10]

text:
Year

Winner

1943

Moorland

1959

Martello Towers

1973

Imagele

1996

Octagonal

2013

Dundeel

text: The Two Year Old Triple Crown (also known as the Two-year-old Grand Slam)[11] consists of:

text:
Golden Slipper Stakes (1,200 m)
AJC Sires Produce Stakes
Champagne Stakes (1,600 m)

text: Only six horses have won the Australian Two Year Old Triple Crown:

text:
1970 Baguette
1977 Luskin Star
1991 Tierce
1992 Burst (filly)
2004 Dance Hero
2012 Pierro

text: Germany[edit]

text: In Germany, the Triple Crown (Dreifache Krone) consists of

text:
Mehl-Mülhens-Rennen, German 2000 Guineas (formerly Henckel-Rennen), Cologne, 1600 m
Deutsches Derby, Hamburg, 2400 m
Deutsches St. Leger, Dortmund, 2800 m

text: Only one horse has won the German Triple Crown, Königsstuhl in 1979.[12]

text: In East Germany the Dreifache Krone consisted of

text:
Frühjahrszuchtpreis der Dreijährigen
Derby der DDR (Derby of GDR)
Großer Herbstpreis der Dreijährigen

text: Three horses have won the East German Triple Crown:

text:
Winner of the East German Dreifache Krone[13]

Year

Name

Pedigree

Breeder

Owner

Trainer

1955

Faktotum

Harlekin - Frühlingssonne by Lampos

Graditz Stud

Graditz Stud

R. Kortum

1979

Gidron

Santamoss - Geografia by Girst

Graditz Stud

Graditz Stud

F. Borrack

1987

Lomber

Trion - Lolita by Zigeunersohn

Graditz Stud

Graditz Stud

H. Schäfke

text: France[edit]

text: The French Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (French 2000 Guineas)
Prix du Jockey Club
Grand Prix de Paris

text: Previously the French Triple Crown consisted of

text:
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (French 2000 Guineas)
Prix du Jockey Club
Prix Royal-Oak

text: Two horses have swept the French Triple Crown

text:
Zut, in 1879
Perth, in 1899

text: For fillies:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliche (French 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Diane
Prix Vermeille

text: Four fillies have won all three races:

text:
Nikellora, in 1945
Corteira, in 1948
Allez France, in 1973
Zarkava, in 2008

text: Previously the French Triple Crown for fillies consisted of:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliche (French 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Diane
Prix Royal-Oak

text: No filly has ever won the series.

text: Belgium[edit]

text: The Belgian Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Poulains (Belgian 2000 Guineas)
Derby Belge
St. Leger Belge

text: Known Triple Crown winners in Belgium:

text:
Kitty (1926)
Bayeux (1947)
Soudard (1971)
Epsiba (1980)
Camiros (1982)
Abbey's Grey (1989)
Super Native (1990)

text: The Fillies' Triple Crown in Belgium appears to consist of:

text:
Poule d'Essai des Pouliches (Belgian 1000 Guineas)
Prix de Gustave Roy de Blicquy (Belgian Oaks)
St. Leger Belge

text: One filly is known to have won all three races:

text: Domitillia (BEL), 1959

text: Belgium's Jockey Club does not (or will not) disclose histories of its Triple Crown races. It is not known if the lists above are complete, and it is not known if any of the above races are still being run in Belgium.  The last Derby Belge for which there is any known record was in 2011, when the race was won by German-bred Revanta.

text: Hungary[edit]

text: The Hungarian Triple consists of:

text:
Nemzeti dij (Hungarian 2000 Guineas)
Magyar Derby (Hungarian Derby)
Magyar St. Leger (Hungarian St. Leger)

text: Hungarian Triple Crown winners are:

text:
Try Well (HUN), 1936
Bilbao (HUN), 1977
April Sun (HUN), 1999
Saldenzar (GER), 2007
Quelindo (GER), 2015

text: The Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Hazafi dij (Hungarian 1000 Guineas)
Magyar Kancadíj (Hungarian Oaks)
Magyar St. Leger (Hungarian St. Leger)

text: No filly has swept the Hungarian Fillies' Triple Crown.

text: Switzerland[edit]

text: In Switzerland, the Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Swiss Derby
Swiss 2000 Guineas
Swiss St. Leger

text: Plus the series for fillies

text:
Swiss Oaks
Swiss 1000 Guineas

text: One horse has won the Swiss Triple Crown.

text: 2006 Majofils (FR)

text: Majofil's half-sister Singapore Creek (FR) captured the 2007 Swiss Oaks.

text: Denmark[edit]

text: In Denmark, the Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Dansk Derby
Dansk Forarslob (Dansk 2000 Guineas)
Dansk St. Leger

text: Three horses have won the Danish Triple Crown:

text:
Sunbeam, in 1939
Asa Thor, in 1945
Hallo, in 1946

text: The Danish Filly Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Dansk Oaks
Marowinalob (Dansk 1000 Guineas)
Dansk St. Leger

text: One filly has swept all three races:

text: Rossard, in 1983

text: Sweden[edit]

text: The Swedish Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Svenskt Derby
Jockeyklubbens Jubileumslöpning (Svenskt Thousand Guineas)
Svenskt St. Leger

text: Three horses have swept the Swedish Triple Crown:

text:
Birgit, in 1940
Coast Guard, in 1952
Homosassa, in 1985

text: The Swedish Filly Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Dianalöpning (Svenskt One Thousand Guineas)
Svensk Oaks
Svenskt St. Leger

text: One filly has swept all three races:

text: Wonderbird, in 1953

text: Norway[edit]

text: The Norsk Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Norsk 2000 Guineas
Norsk Derby
Norsk St. Leger

text: Eight horses have swept the Norwegian Triple Crown:

text:
Cato, in 1943
Sally, in 1944
Primadonna, in 1945
Askepot, in 1948
Trainer's Seat, in 1976
Dalby Jaguar, in 1981
Sunorius, in 1987
Without Fear, in 2011

text: The Norwegian Filly Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Norsk 1000 Guineas
Norsk Oaks
Norsk St. Leger

text: No filly has swept all three races.

text: The Netherlands[edit]

text: The Dutch Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Hengsten Productenren (Dutch 2000 Guineas)
Dutch Derby
Dutch St. Leger

text: The following horses have swept the Dutch Triple Crown:

text:
Tosto (HOL), in 1951
Sans Valeur (HOL), in 1954
Jolly Peter (HOL), in 1959
Jolly Jinks (HOL), in 1966
Frances Hope (HOL), in 1976
Ishamo (GB), in 1981
Boxberger Speed (GB), in 1982
Boxberger Civano (GB), in 1984
Sydney Raaphorst (GB), in 1985
Double Fun (HOL), in 2002

text: The Dutch Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Merries Productenren (Dutch 1000 Guineas)
Diana-prijs (Dutch Oaks)
Dutch St. Leger

text: The following horses have swept the series:

text:
Ramana, in 1947
Qualissa (HOL), in 1949 (also won the 1949 Dutch Derby)
Que Sara (HOL), in 1967
Queen of Roses S (HOL), in 1973 (also won 1973 Dutch Derby)
Libelle (HOL), in 1980
Carmona (HOL), in 1983

text: The Dutch Triple Crown races, except the Dutch Derby and possibly the Dutch Oaks, have not been run since around 2008.

text: India[edit]

text: The three races that comprise the Indian Triple Crown are the Indian 2000 Guineas, the Indian Derby and the Indian St Leger, all run at Mahalaxmi Race Course in Mumbai. The 2000 Guineas is run in December, and the Derby on the first Sunday of the following February. The St Leger is usually run in April; between 1970 and 1990 it was run at Pune, before being shifted to Mumbai. It is now again being run in Pune.

text: Ten horses have won the Indian Triple Crown:

text:
Commoner 1953/54
Loyal Manzar 1961/62
Prince Pradeep 1963/64
Red Rufus 1966/67
Our Select 1967/68
Squanderer 1976/77
Almanac 1981/82
Astonish 1991/92
Indictment 1997/98
Smart Chieftain 1999/00

text: One filly has swept the series for fillies (Indian 1000 Guineas, Indian Oaks, Indian St. Leger):

text: Her Majesty 1947/48

text: Kenya[edit]

text: The Kenya Triple Crown series is run at Ngong Racecourse, in Nairobi, and consists of:

text:
Kenya Derby (1 1/2 miles)
Kenya Guineas (1 mile)
Kenya St. Leger (1 3/4 miles)

text: The three races have been won by:

text:
Heron, in 1972
Manuscript, in 1978
Pretty Witch (filly) in 1981
Morningstar, in 1990
Kings Pattern, in 1994

text: The Kenya Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Kenya Fillies Guineas (1 mile)
Kenya Oaks (1 1/2 miles)
Kenya St. Leger (1 3/4 miles)

text: The three races have been won by:

text:
Windsong, in 1999
Happy Times, in 2015
Western Ballad, in 2016

text: Turkey[edit]

text: In Turkey, the three races that compose the Triple Crown are:[14]

text:
Erkek Tay Deneme (Turkish 2000 Guineas – 1,600 m) or Dişi Tay Deneme (Turkish 1000 Guineas – 1,600 m)
Gazi Derby (Turkish Derby Stakes – 2,400 m)
Ankara Stakes (Turkish St. Leger – 2,800 m)

text: Three-year-old horses are eligible for the Turkish Triple Crown.

text: Champions of the Turkish Triple Crown are:

text:
1970 Sadettin (Caerlaverock – Zeynep, by Ugur)
1971 Minimo (Cihangir – Mighty Mo, by Big Game(GB))  ***Minimo did not win the Turkish 2000 Guineas, but she did win the Derby, Oaks, St. Leger & 1000 Guineas***
1973 Karayel (Prince Tudor – Linda, by Cihangir)
1983 Seren.1 (Karayel – Karanara, by Allenheads)
1985 Ugurtay (Tunkut – Nosana, by Kythnos)
1986 Hafız (Royal Shiraz – Linda, by Cihangir)
1996 Bold Pilot (Persian Bold – Rosa Palumba, by Imperial Fling)
2001 Grand Ekinoks (Barnato – Violent Girl, by Aristocrat)

text: The Turkish Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Disi Tay Deneme (Turkish 1000 Guineas)
Kisrak (Turkish Oaks)
Ankara Stakes (Turkish St. Leger)

text: Fillies that have swept this series are:

text:
Suphan, in 1965
Minimo, in 1971

text: Japan[edit]

text: Japan has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns.

text: Japanese Triple Crown[15]

text:
the Satsuki Sho (Japanese 2000 Guineas - 2000m), at Nakayama Racecourse in Funabashi, Chiba
the Tokyo Yushun (Japanese Derby - 2400m), at Tokyo Racecourse in Fuchu, Tokyo
the Kikuka Sho (Japanese St.Leger - 3000m), at Kyoto Racecourse in Kyoto, Kyoto

text: Only seven horses have received the Japanese Triple Crown:

text:
1941 St Lite (Diolite – Flippancy, by Flamboyant)
1964 Shinzan (Hindostan – Hayanobori, by Hayatake)
1983 Mr. C.B. (Tosho Boy – C.B. Queen, by Topyo)
1984 Symboli Rudolf (Partholon – Sweet Luna, by Speed Symboli)
1994 Narita Brian (Brian's Time – Pacificus, by Northern Dancer)
2005 Deep Impact (Sunday Silence – Wind in Her Hair, by Alzao)
2011 Orfevre (Stay Gold - Oriental Art, by Mejiro McQueen)

text: Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown[16]

text:
the Oka Sho (Japanese 1000 Guineas), at Hanshin Racecourse in Takarazuka, Hyogo
the Yushun Himba (Japanese Oaks), at Tokyo Racecourse in Fuchu, Tokyo
the Shuka Sho (since 1996), at Kyoto Racecourse in Kyoto, Kyoto / the Queen Elizabeth II Commemorative Cup (1976–1995)

text: Only four horses have received the Japanese Fillies' Triple Crown:

text:
1986 Mejiro l' Amone (Mogami – Mejiro Hiryu, by Never Beat)
2003 Still in Love (Sunday Silence – Bradamante, by Roberto)
2010 Apapane (King Kamehameha – Salty Bid, by Salt Lake)
2012 Gentildonna (Deep Impact – Donna Blini, by Bertolini)

text: Hong Kong[edit]

text: The Triple Crown series at Hong Kong's Sha Tin Racecourse consists of three races at increasingly longer distances. Unlike most other Triple Crown events, these races are not confined to three-year-olds.[17] They are:

text:
Hong Kong Stewards' Cup at 1,600 metres (0.99 mi) held in January
Hong Kong Gold Cup at 2,000 metres (1.2 mi) held in February
Hong Kong Champions & Chater Cup at 2,400 metres (1.5 mi) held in May

text: In 1994, River Verdon became the first, and to date, only horse to win the Hong Kong Triple Crown.

text: In Hong Kong, there are two other Triple Crown series, the Hong Kong Speed Series and the Four-year-old Series.

text: Italy[edit]

text: The Triple Crown series consists in three races at increasingly longer distances.

text:
Premio Parioli at Capannelle Racecourse in Rome, 1600 m, Group 3
Derby Italiano at Capenelle Racecourse in Rome, 2200 m, Group 2
St. Leger Italiano, at San Siro Racecourse in Milano, 1 mile, 6 furlongs

text: Three horses have swept the Italian Triple Crown:

text:
Niccolo dell'Arca(ITY), in 1941
Gladiolo(FR), in 1946
Botticelli(ITY), in 1954

text: The Italian Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Premio Regina Elena (1000 Guineas)
Oaks d'Italiano (Italian Oaks)
St. Leger Italiano

text: No filly has swept all three races, but Jacopa de Sellaio (ITY) won the Premio Parioli, Derby Italiano, Premio Regina Elena, and Oaks d'Italia in 1932.

text: Spain[edit]

text: The Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Premio Cimera (Spanish 2000 Guineas)
Premio Villapadierna (Spanish Derby)
Premio Villamejor (Spanish St. Leger)

text: Two horses have swept the Spanish Triple Crown:

text:
Dual Sea (GB), in 1975
Arkaitz (SPA), in 2014

text: The Triple Crown for fillies consists of:

text:
Premio Valderas (Spanish 1000 Guineas)
Premio Beamonte (Spanish Oaks)
Premio Villamejor (Spanish St. Leger)

text: One filly has swept all three races:

text: Tokara (SPA), in 1962

text: Macau[edit]

text: In Macau, the Macau Jockey Club introduced the Triple Crown Series in 2008, with three races all held in Taipa Racecourse, Macau:

text:
Director's Cup, Macau Group 2 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi)
Macau Cup, Macau Group 2 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi)
Macau Gold Cup, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi)

text: In 2009 Macau Jockey Club changed the series for 4-year old horses:

text:
Macau Guineas, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,500 metres (0.93 mi), only for 4-year old horses
Macau Derby, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi), only for 4-year old horses
Macau Gold Cup, Macau Group 1 Race, 1,800 metres (1.1 mi)

text: In 2010, Luen Yat Forever become the first and, to date, only horse to win the Macau Triple Crown.[18]

text: Argentina[edit]

text: The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Argentina are:

text:
Gran Premio Polla de Potrillos and Gran Premio Polla de Potrancas, Hipodromo Argentino de Palermo (1 mile on dirt)
Gran Premio Jockey Club, Hipodromo de San Isidro (1 1/4 m mile on turf)
Gran Premio Nacional (Argentine Derby), Hipodromo Argentino de Palermo (1 9/16 m on dirt)

text: Winners of the Argentinian Triple Crown are:

text:
1902 Pippermint
1904 Old Man
1906 Malgrejo
1908 Chopp
1917 Botafogo
1930 Sierra Balcarce (filly)
1931 Mineral
1934 Silfo
1938 Sorteado
1939 Embrujo
1940 La Mission (filly)
1951 Yatasto
1954 Tatán
1958 Manantial
1964 Gobernado
1966 Forli
1978 Telescopico
1986 El Serrano
1996 Refinado Tom[19]

text: Mexico[edit]

text: The Mexican Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Derby Mexicano (8 1/2 furlongs)
Stakes Jockey Club Mexicano (8 furlongs)
Gran Premio Nacional (8 1/2 furlongs).

text: All three races are contested at Hippodromo de las Americas, in Mexico City.

text: Mexican Triple Crown winners:

text:
1946 Plucky Flag (filly)
1949 Re-Torta (filly)
1966 Cachava (MEX) (filly)
1979 Gran Zar (MEX)
1980 Pikotazo (MEX)
2002 Dominciano (MEX)
2015 Huitlacoche (MEX)
2018 Kukulkan (MEX)

text: The Mexican Fillies' Triple Crown series consists of :

text:
Clasico Rubi (7 furlongs)
Clasico Esmeralda (8 furlongs)
Clasico Diamante (8 1/2 furlongs).

text: Mexican Filly Triple Crown winners:

text:
2005 She's a Lady Race (MEX)
2007 That's Life (MEX)
2009 Vivian Record (MEX)
2018 Kutzamala (MEX)

text: Chile[edit]

text: The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Chile are:

text:
Clásico El Ensayo, Club Hipico de Santiago
Clásico St. Leger, Hipodromo Chile
El Derby, Valparaiso Sporting Club.

text: Winners of the Chilean Triple Crown are:

text:
1885 Cachaporal
1928 Tutti Frutti
1939 Grimsby
1946 Tabano
1951 Empire
1956 Eugenia
1966 Prologo
1991 Wolf[20]

text: Dominican Republic[edit]

text: The winners of the Dominican Republic Triple Crown have been:

text:
1979 Cibao
1980 Amor Mio
1982 Senorita Cuquina
1985 Dr. Calderon
1990 Candice Akemi
1991 J. Robert
1997 Sweet Honey
2005 Excelencia
2007 Matty Alou
2008 Sicótico[21]
2015 Fratello Martino
2016 Tango Dancer
2017 Inmenso

text: Jamaica[edit]

text: The Jamaican Triple Crown series consists of:

text:
Jamaican 2000 Guineas
Jamaican Derby
Jamaican St. Leger

text: The winners of the Jamaican Triple Crown are:

text:
1981 Royal Dad
1987 Monday Morning
1988 Lui Chie Pooh
1992 Milligram
1996 War Zone
2000 I'm Satisfied
2010 Mark My Words

text: The Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Jamaican 1000 Guineas
Jamaican Oaks
Jamaican St. Leger

text: The winners of the Jamaican Fillies' Triple Crown are:

text:
1993 Vestia
2000 Simply Magic
2008 Alsafra

text: Panama[edit]

text: The winners of the Panamanian Triple Crown have been:

text:
1964 Pindín
1966 Tojo
1969 Iván
1972 Eugenio
1973 Montecarlo[22]
1976 El Manut
1978 El Gran Capo
1992 Leonardo[22]
1994 El Chacal
1995 Rey Arturo
1998 Evaristo[22]
2004 Spago[22]
2008 Oxsai[22]
2010 Voy porque Voy

text: Poland[edit]

text: In Poland, the Triple Crown (Potrójna korona) consists of

text:
Rulera, Polish 2000 Guineas, Warsaw, 1600 m
Służewiec Derby, Warsaw, 2400 m
St. Leger, Warsaw, 2800 m

text: Known Polish Triple Crown winners are:

text:
Liège (POL), in 1917
Mat (POL), in 1934
Jeremi (POL), in 1938
Ruch (POL), in 1948
Solali (POL), in 1961
Dipol (POL), in 1972
Czerkies (POL), in 1974
Krezus (POL), in 1989
Mokosz (POL), in 1992
Dżamajka (POL), in 2000 (a filly)
Dancer Life (POL), in 2002
Dżesmin (POL), in 2005
San Moritz (POL), in 2007
Intens (POL), in 2011
Va Bank (IRE), in 2015

text: The classic races for fillies are:

text:
Nagroda Wiosennej (1000 Guineas)
Nagroda Liry (Oaks)

text: No filly is known to have won the Polish Fillies' Triple Crown, which would conclude with the St. Leger. The Polish St. Leger is now open to 3-year-olds and up.

text: Puerto Rico[edit]

text: The Triple Crown series at Puerto Rico's Camarero Racetrack consists of three races at increasingly longer distances. They are:

text:
Derby Puertorriqueño at 1,700 meters (8½ furlongs) held in the first Sunday of May
Copa Gobernador at 1,800 meters (9 furlongs) held in the end of May
Copa San Juan at 1,900 meters (9½ furlongs) held in the last Sunday of June

text: The Puerto Rico Triple Crown winners are:

text:
1954 Camarero[23]
1961 Cardiologo, also won 23 consecutive races[24]
1966 El Rebelde
1981 Hurly Road
1991 Vuelve Candy B
1999 Cherokee Pepper
2001 Estrellero, also won 19 consecutive races
2002 Mediavilla R
2011 Don Paco
2012 Arquitecto
2014 Lluvia de Nieve

text: Uruguay[edit]

text: The three races that comprise the Triple Crown in Uruguay are:

text:
Gran Premio Polla de Potrillos
Gran Premio Jockey Club
Gran Premio Nacional

text: This combination of races received some publicity outside of Uruguay in 2006. The 2005 Triple Crown winner Invasor, after being sold to Sheik Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum's Shadwell Racing and sent to be raced in the United States, went on to win three Grade I races in 2006 before winning that year's Breeders' Cup Classic. He finished the year as the top-ranked horse in the 2006 World Thoroughbred Racehorse Rankings, and won the 2007 Dubai World Cup before being retired to stud following a training injury.

text: Uruguayan Triple Crown winners are:

text:
1988 Amodeo
1994 Parsiphal
2005 Invasor[25]
2014 Sir Fever[26]

text: Ecuador[edit]

text: Ecuador has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns:

text: Ecuador Triple Crown[27]

text:
Clásico Estreno Dr. Raúl Lebed Sigall, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón
Clásico Polla Nacional Sr. Agustin Febres Cordero, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón
Clásico Derby Nacional Sr.Benjamin Rosales A., at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón

text: Ecuador Fillies' Triple Crown

text:
Clásico Ing. Carlos San Andres, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondo
Clásico Sr. Eduardo Jairala F, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondó
Clásico Abogado Carlos Julio Arosemena Peet, at Hipódromo BUIJO in Samborondón

text: In Ecuador, the Triple Crown consists of:

text:
Clásico Nelson Uraga Suarez, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil
Clásico Enrique Guzman Aspiazu, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil
Clásico Inginiero Ignacio De Icaza Aspiazu, at Hipódromo Santa Cecilia in Guayaquil

text: Triple Crown Champions:

text:
Year

Winner

Jockey

Trainer

Owner

Miss Florida

Bananita

Capo Di Monte II

1967

Alcatraz

Estuardo Torero

Alcides Guerrero

Inginiero Miguel Salem Dibo

Pechiche

1971

Farsante

Estuardo Torero

Alcides Guerrero

Inginiero Miguel Salem Dibo

text: Venezuela[edit]

text: Venezuela has two sets of races referred to as Triple Crowns:

text:
Venezuelan Official Triple Crown
Clásico José Antonio Páez, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico Cría Nacional (former Clásico Ministerio de Agricultura y Cría), at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico República de Venezuela (Venezuelan Derby), at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Venezuelan Fillies' Triple Crown
Clásico Hipódromo La Rinconada, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico Prensa Hípica Nacional, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas
Clásico General Joaquín Crespo, at Hipódromo La Rinconada in Caracas

text: Venezuelan Official Triple Crown Champions (from 1956):

text:
Year
Winner
Jockey
Trainer
Owner

1960
Gradisco
Manuel Camacaro

Leopoldo Márquez
Stud Rey-Gan

1972
El Corsario
José Luís Vargas

Eduardo Azpúrua
Stud El Corsario

1985
Iraquí
Juan Vicente Tovar (+)

Daniel Pérez
Stud Chivacoa

1992
Catire Bello
Douglas Valiente(+)

Iván Calixto
Stud Ilusión

2005
Polo Grounds
Emisael Jaramillo

Carlos Regalado
Stud Black Label

2007
Taconeo[28]
Emisael Jaramillo

Gustavo Delgado
Stud Paula C

2008
El Gran Cesar
Santiago González

Antonio Machado
Stud Agrop. Los Alelíes

2010
Water Jet
Emisael Jaramillo

Gustavo Delgado
Stud El Fantasma

text: Filly Triple Crown winners are:

text:
Lavandera, in 1971
Segula C., in 1974
Blondy, in 1978
Gelinotte, in 1980
Lady and Me, in 1991
Cantaura, in 1992
Miss Marena, in 1994
Starship Miss, in 1999
Front Stage, in 2000
Bambera, in 2009
Ninfa del Cielo, in 2014

text: Undefeated Triple Crown winners[edit]

text: The following horses won their Triple Crown when still undefeated. Those marked with an asterisk retired undefeated.

text:
Ormonde* (1886), United Kingdom
Bahram* (1935), United Kingdom
Windsor Slipper (1942), Ireland
Camarero (1954), Puerto Rico
Gradisco (1960), Venezuela
Seattle Slew (1977), United States
El Gran Capo (1978), Panama
Pikotazo (1980), Mexico
Royal Dad (1981), Jamaica
Symboli Rudolf (1984), Japan
Excelencia (2005), Dominican Republic
Deep Impact (2005), Japan
Invasor (2005), Uruguay
Water Jet (2010), Venezuela
Va Bank (2015), Poland
Justify* (2018), United States
Kukulkan (2018), Mexico

text: Individual Triple Crown winners[edit]

text: Only two jockeys have won the Triple Crown with different horses (i.e., rode horses to Triple Crowns in different years):

text:
Eddie Arcaro (United States: 1941, Whirlaway; 1948, Citation)
Emisael Jaramillo (Venezuela: 2005, Polo Grounds; 2007, Taconeo; 2010, Water Jet)

text: At least one other jockey is known to have won all three of a country's Triple Crown races in the same year on different horses:

text: Luis Contreras (Canada, 2011: Queen's Plate, Inglorious; Prince of Wales Stakes and Breeders' Stakes, Pender Harbour)

text: One trainer is known to have accomplished the same feat as Contreras:

text: D. Wayne Lukas (USA, 1995: Kentucky Derby, Thunder Gulch; Preakness Stakes, Timber Country; Belmont Stakes, Thunder Gulch)

text: Back to back Triple Crown winners (jockeys)[edit]

text: Don Seymour (Canada)

text:
1989 With Approval
1990 Izvestia

text: Javier Santiago (Puerto Rico)

text:
2001 Estrellero
2002 Mediavilla R

text: Most Triple Crown winners (jockeys)[edit]

text: Winston Grifiths - Jamaica (5)

text:
1981	Royal Dad
1988 	Liu Chie Poo
1992 Milligram
2001	I'msatisfied
2002 	Simply Magic (filly)

text: Alexis Feliciano - Puerto Rico (3)

text:
1991 Vuelve Candy B
1999 Cherokee Pepper
2011 Don Paco

text: Emisael Jaramillo - Venezuela (3)

text:
2005 Polo Grounds
2007 Taconeo
2010 Water Jet


document_title: List of Presidents of the United States by net worth

question_text: how much is the president of the united states worth

text: List of presidents by net worth[edit]

text:
Name
Net worth
(in mill. of 2016 US$)[13][12]
Political party[13]
Years in office
Lifespan

Trump, DonaldDonald Trump
7003100000000000000♠3,500[nb 1][14][15]
Republican
from 2017
born 1946

Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington
7002580000000000000♠580
None
1789–1797
1732–1799

Jefferson, ThomasThomas Jefferson
7002234000000000000♠234
Democratic-Republican
1801–1809
1743–1826

Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt
7002138000000000000♠138
Republican
1901–1909
1858–1919

Jackson, AndrewAndrew Jackson
7002131000000000000♠131
Democratic
1829–1837
1767–1845

Madison, JamesJames Madison
7002112000000000000♠112
Democratic-Republican
1809–1817
1751–1836

Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson
7002108000000000000♠108
Democratic
1963–1969
1908–1973

Hoover, HerbertHerbert Hoover
7001820000000000000♠82
Republican
1929–1933
1874–1964

Clinton, BillBill Clinton
7001750000000000000♠75
Democratic
1993–2001
born 1946

Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt
7001660000000000000♠66
Democratic
1933–1945
1882–1945

Tyler, JohnJohn Tyler
7001570000000000000♠57
Whig
1841–1845
1790–1862

Bush, George W.George W. Bush
7001390000000000000♠39
Republican
2001–2009
born 1946

Monroe, JamesJames Monroe
7001300000000000000♠30
Democratic-Republican
1817–1825
1758–1831

Buren, Martin VanMartin Van Buren
7001290000000000000♠29
Democratic
1837–1841
1782–1862

Cleveland, GroverGrover Cleveland
7001280000000000000♠28
Democratic
1885–1889
1893–1897
1837–1908

Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
7001260000000000000♠26
Republican
1989–1993
born 1924

Adams, John QuincyJohn Quincy Adams
7001230000000000000♠23
Democratic-Republican
1825–1829
1767–1848

Adams, JohnJohn Adams
7001210000000000000♠21
Federalist
1797–1801
1735–1826

Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon
7001170000000000000♠17
Republican
1969–1974
1913–1994

Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
7001140000000000000♠14
Republican
1981–1989
1911–2004

Polk, James K.James K. Polk
7001110000000000000♠11
Democratic
1845–1849
1795–1849

Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy
7001100000000000000♠10[nb 2][13]
Democratic
1961–1963
1917–1963

Eisenhower, DwightDwight Eisenhower
7000900000000000000♠9
Republican
1953–1961
1890–1969

Obama, BarackBarack Obama
7000900000000000000♠9
Democratic
2009–2017
born 1961

Ford, GeraldGerald Ford
7000800000000000000♠8
Republican
1974–1977
1913–2006

Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter
7000800000000000000♠8
Democratic
1977–1981
born 1924

Taylor, ZacharyZachary Taylor
7000700000000000000♠7
Whig
1849–1850
1784–1850

Harrison, William HenryWilliam Henry Harrison
7000600000000000000♠6
Whig
1841–1841
1773–1841

Harrison, BenjaminBenjamin Harrison
7000600000000000000♠6
Republican
1889–1893
1833–1901

Fillmore, MillardMillard Fillmore
7000400000000000000♠4
Whig
1850–1853
1800–1874

Hayes, Rutherford B.Rutherford B. Hayes
7000300000000000000♠3
Republican
1877–1881
1822–1893

Taft, William HowardWilliam Howard Taft
7000300000000000000♠3
Republican
1909–1913
1857–1930

Pierce, FranklinFranklin Pierce
7000200000000000000♠2
Democratic
1853–1857
1804–1869

McKinley, WilliamWilliam McKinley
7000100000000000000♠1
Republican
1897–1901
1843–1901

Harding, Warren G.Warren G. Harding
7000100000000000000♠1
Republican
1921–1923
1865–1923

Buchanan, JamesJames Buchanan
6999500000000000000♠<1
Democratic
1857–1861
1791–1868

Lincoln, AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
6999500000000000000♠<1
National Union / Republican
1861–1865
1809–1865

Johnson, AndrewAndrew Johnson
6999500000000000000♠<1
National Union / Democratic
1865–1869
1808–1875

Grant, Ulysses S.Ulysses S. Grant
6999500000000000000♠<1
Republican
1869–1877
1822–1885

Garfield, JamesJames Garfield
6999500000000000000♠<1
Republican
1881–1881
1831–1881

Arthur, Chester A.Chester A. Arthur
6999500000000000000♠<1
Republican
1881–1885
1829–1886

Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
6999500000000000000♠<1
Democratic
1913–1921
1856–1924

Coolidge, CalvinCalvin Coolidge
6999500000000000000♠<1
Republican
1923–1929
1872–1933

Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman
6999500000000000000♠<1
Democratic
1945–1953
1884–1972


document_title: Information technology in India

question_text: most it companies in which city in india

text: Information technology in India

text: History[edit]

text: India's IT Services industry was born in Mumbai in 1967 with the establishment of the Tata Group in partnership with Burroughs.[6] The first software export zone, SEEPZ – the precursor to the modern-day IT park – was established in Mumbai in 1973. More than 80 percent of the country's software exports were from SEEPZ in the 1980s.[7]

text: The Indian economy underwent major economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalization and international economic integration, and annual economic growth of over 6% from 1993–2002.  The new administration under Atal Bihari Vajpayee (who was Prime Minister from 1998–2004) placed the development of Information Technology among its top five priorities and formed the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development.

text: Wolcott & Goodman (2003) report on the role of the Indian National Task Force on Information Technology and Software Development:

text: Within 90 days of its establishment, the Task Force produced an extensive background report on the state of technology in India and an IT Action Plan with 108 recommendations. The Task Force could act quickly because it built upon the experience and frustrations of state governments, central government agencies, universities, and the software industry. Much of what it proposed was also consistent with the thinking and recommendanotions of international bodies like the World Trade Organization (WTO), International Telecommunications Union (ITU), and World Bank. In addition, the Task Force incorporated the experiences of Singapore and other nations, which implemented similar programs. It was less a task of invention than of sparking action on a consensus that had already evolved within the networking community and government.

text: Regulated VSAT links became visible in 1994.[8] Desai (2006) describes the steps taken to relax regulations on linking in 1991:

text: In 1991 the Department of Electronics broke this impasse, creating a corporation called Software Technology Parks of India (STPI) that, being owned by the government, could provide VSAT communications without breaching its monopoly. STPI set up software technology parks in different cities, each of which provided satellite links to be used by firms; the local link was a wireless radio link. In 1993 the government began to allow individual companies their own dedicated links, which allowed work done in India to be transmitted abroad directly. Indian firms soon convinced their American customers that a satellite link was as reliable as a team of programmers working in the clients’ office.

text: Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) introduced Gateway Electronic Mail Service in 1991, the 64 kbit/s leased line service in 1992, and commercial Internet access on a visible scale in 1992. Election results were displayed via National Informatics Centre's NICNET.

text: "The New Telecommunications Policy, 1999" (NTP 1999) helped further liberalise India's telecommunications sector. The Information Technology Act, 2000 created legal procedures for electronic transactions and e-commerce.

text: A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November 2001 to further promote joint research and development. On 25 June 2002, India and the European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology. India holds observer status at CERN, while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Center will be located in Bangalore.[9]

text: Contemporary situation[edit]

text: In the contemporary world economy India is the second-largest exporter of IT. Exports dominate the Indian IT industry and constitute about 77% of the industry's total revenue. However, the domestic market is also significant, with robust revenue growth.[2] The industry’s share of total Indian exports (merchandise plus services) increased from less than 4% in FY1998 to about 25% in FY2012. The technologically-inclined services sector in India accounts for 40% of the country's GDP and 30% of export earnings as of 2006, while employing only 25% of its workforce, according to Sharma (2006).  According to Gartner, the "Top Five Indian IT Services Providers" are Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys, Cognizant, Wipro, and HCL Technologies.[10]

text: Future outlook[edit]

text: The Indian IT market currently focuses on providing low-cost solutions in the services business of global IT. The presence of Indian companies in the product development business of global IT is very meager, however, this number is slowly on the rise.  The other prominent trend is that IT jobs, once confined to Bangalore, are slowly starting to experience a geographical diffusion into other cities like Chennai, Hyderabad and Pune. According to Google estimates, the Indian community of developers will be the largest in the world by 2018.[11]

text: New directions in research and development[edit]

text: Research in the industry was earlier concentrated in Programming languages like Java, but in the recent times the research focus has changed towards technologies like Mobile computing, Cloud computing and Software as a Service. This shift is attributed to the preference of clients for ubiquitous computing over standalone computing.

text: Major information technology hubs[edit]

text: Sharma (2006) states: "Today, Bangalore is known as the Silicon Platuea of India and contributes 38% of Indian IT Exports. India's second and third largest software companies are headquartered in Bangalore, as are many of the global Companies. Cities like Hyderabad, Chennai, Pune and Gurgaon are also emerging as technology hubs, with many global IT companies establishing headquarters there. Numerous IT companies are also based in Mumbai.

text:
Position

City

Description

1

Bangalore

Bangalore is known as the Silicon Valley of India[12][13] and the IT Capital of India. It is considered to be a global information technology hub and it is India's largest exporter both of IT overall and of software. Some of the top Indian IT service providers like Infosys, Wipro, Mindtree and Mphasis are headquartered in Bangalore. It is also the site of the national headquarters of many top international firms like Intel, Texas Instruments, Bosch, Yahoo, SAP Labs,Google India, EA, Apple Inc, SanDisk, Harman, Dell, Ericsson, Sabre, Goldman Sachs, HP, Cognizant, Boeing, Wells Fargo, Sony, AT&T, Flipkart, Walmart,Juniper Networks Inc, CenturyLink, Aricent, Samsung, Oracle, LG, Adobe, JPMorgan, Genpact, Accenture, IBM, Qualcomm, Cisco, LBrand, PayPal, eBay, Quest, Broadcom, Cerner, EY, Amazon, LinkedIn, BT, and Continental, among others. Bangalore alone accounts for more than 35% of all IT companies present in India and contains close to 5,000 companies, making it India's largest IT contributor.

2

Hyderabad

Hyderabad – known as the HITEC City or Cyberabad – is a major global information technology hub, and the largest bioinformatics hub in India. Hyderabad has emerged as the second largest city in the country for software exports pipping competitors Chennai and Pune.[14][15][16][17] It is the site of the first Microsoft development center in India, which is also Microsoft's largest software development center outside of its headquarters in Redmond, USA.It has also many IT industries as Amazon(which is also a biggest outlet outside its headquarters). Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, Wipro, Infosys, Oracle, franklin templeton, jp morgan, HSBC, wells fargo, Tech mahindra, and many more big it companies.India headquarters of Google, Facebook, Apple are locates in Hyderabad. Hyderabad is Largest Deloitte hub of India .The new government of Telangana is welcoming new investers and also supporting the small scale industries through T-HUB.[18] It contains close to 3,000 companies, making it India's second largest IT contributor

3

Pune

Pune is one of the leading Indian and international IT services and outsourcing exporters. The next biggest IT park of India (Rajiv Gandhi IT Park at Hinjawadi) is expected to scale up to phase 7.

4

Chennai

The city has a world-class IT infrastructure with dedicated expressway nicknamed as IT expressways, and many other IT parks promoted by both government agency (Elcot) Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu and private entities. The city's strong industrial base also favors the establishment of many major R&D centers in its vicinity.

5

Mumbai

Mumbai is headquarters to Tata Consultancy Services, India's largest IT company. Other major IT companies based in the city include Datamatics, Patni, L&T Infotech, 3i Infotech, Mastek and Oracle FinServ.

6

National Capital Region

The National Capital Region includes Delhi, Gurgaon and Noida, which are clusters of software development with offices of many Multi National Corporations.

7

Others

Telangana which includes Warangal[19] and Khammam.,[20]
Gujarat which includes Ahmedabad and Vadodara,
Tamil Nadu which includes Coimbatore and Madurai.
Kerala where 55% of the exports come from its capital city Trivandrum and the majority of the rest from Kochi. Calicut is also another contributor from the state. Trivandrum houses technology giants like Oracle Corporation, TCS, Infosys, UST Global, Ernst & Young etc. Kochi also houses TCS, Cognizant, Wipro, KPMG, Ernst & Young, EXL, Etisalat, UST Global, Xerox etc.
Andhra Pradesh which includes Vijayawada, Kakinada, Visakhapatnam, and Tirupati.
Kolkata and Durgapur of West Bengal

text: Employment generation[edit]

text: The IT sector has also led to massive employment generation in India. The industry continues to be a net employment generator — expected to add 230,000 jobs in fiscal year 2012, thus directly employing about 2.8 million people and indirectly employing 8.9 million, making it a dominant player in the global outsourcing sector. However, it continues to face challenges of competitiveness in the globalised and modern world, particularly from countries like China and Philippines.

text: India's growing stature in the Information Age enabled it to form close ties with both the United States and the European Union. However, the recent global financial crises have deeply impacted Indian IT companies as well as global companies. As a result, hiring has dropped sharply, and employees are looking at different sectors like financial services, telecommunications, and manufacturing, which have been growing phenomenally over the last few years.[21]

text: With fundamental structural changes visible everywhere in the IT services due to Cloud computing, proliferation of Social media, Big data, Analytics all leading to digital services and digital economy, many of the leading companies in India's IT sector reported lower headcounts in their financial results.[22]


document_title: Super Bowl ring

question_text: who has the most super bowls as a player

text: Super Bowl ring

text: Details[edit]

text: These rings are typically made of yellow or white gold with diamonds. They usually include the team name, team logo, and Super Bowl number (usually indicated in Roman numerals). The NFL contributes up to $5,000 per ring for up to 150 rings for the winning team; any additional costs are borne by the team.[1] Most rings are manufactured by memorabilia company Jostens. In 2015, the rings for the New England Patriots reportedly cost $36,500 each, making them the most expensive rings Jostens has ever produced.[2]

text: The winning team can typically present rings to whomever they choose, including usually, but not limited to: players (active roster or injured), coaches, trainers, executives, personnel, and general staff. Some teams have given rings to former players and coaches that were on the team at some point during the season, despite not having been on the winning roster for the Super Bowl itself.[3][4] Sometimes a team will give rings to fans as part of a charity raffle.[5] Teams can distribute any number of rings. A recent trend over the last 15–20 years has been lesser rings awarded to front office staff. These are commonly called "B" and "C" level rings and are smaller and contain fewer diamonds or contain faux diamonds. The first instance of this was the Redskins Super Bowl XVII ring when many in the front office received rings that were not solid gold and contained cubic zirconia stones (which resemble diamonds). When Tampa Bay won Super Bowl XXXVII, the players and coaches received rings with a diamond-centered Lombardi trophy. Some staff received rings with a metal Lombardi trophy and real diamonds surrounding the trophy and the "C" level ring did not contain any diamonds.

text: Many rings feature diamonds in the shape of the Vince Lombardi Trophy or a football. Some feature diamonds or gold in the shape of a team logo. Others illustrate the number of Super Bowls that franchise has won. Also, the rings are customized with the player's name and uniform number.

text: The Green Bay Packers Super Bowl XLV ring[6] contained more than 100 diamonds. The Packer logo, in the center of the ring, made up 13 diamonds, one for each title the team has won, dating back to 1929. In a break from tradition, this is the first Super Bowl ring to be made of platinum, not gold.[citation needed]

text: The New England Patriots Super Bowl LI ring has 283 diamonds, to commemorate their comeback from being down 28-3 versus the Atlanta Falcons late in the 3rd quarter.[7]

text: Value and resale[edit]

text: Replicas of the rings for various years are popular collectibles, along with genuine rings. Dave Meggett is known to have placed his ring for sale on eBay. Two Super Bowl rings from the 1970 Steelers sold on eBay for over $69,000 apiece in mid-2008.[8] Patriots safety Je'Rod Cherry raffled his ring from Super Bowl XXXVI in November 2008 to benefit several charities working to help children in Africa and Asia.[9] Tight end Shannon Sharpe, meanwhile, gave his first Super Bowl ring to his brother Sterling, who had his career cut short by injury.[10]

text: In 2011, a Super Bowl ring belonging to Steve Wright, a lineman for the Green Bay Packers in the 1960s, sold for over $73,000 at auction. Three Super Bowl rings belonging to former Raiders' punter Ray Guy brought over $96,000 at auction. In 2012, Lawrence Taylor's son sold his father's Super Bowl ring from 1990 for more than $250,000.

text: Most Super Bowl rings[edit]

text:
Seven: two people.

Bill Belichick: two as defensive coordinator of the New York Giants and five as head coach of New England Patriots
Neal Dahlen:[11][12] five with San Francisco 49ers (staff and player personnel) and two with Denver Broncos (general manager)

Six: six people.

Dan Rooney and Art Rooney II: each as an executive with Pittsburgh Steelers
Chuck Noll: four as head coach and two as a team consultant with Pittsburgh Steelers
Bill Nunn: each as a scout with Pittsburgh Steelers[13][14]
"Mean Joe" Greene: four as a defensive tackle, two as a special assistant for player personnel, all with the Pittsburgh Steelers[15]
Conditioning coach Mike Woicik: three with Dallas Cowboys and three with New England Patriots

Five: twenty people.

Charles Haley, five (two as a linebacker with the San Francisco 49ers and three as a defensive end with the Dallas Cowboys)
Tom Brady, five as starting quarterback with New England Patriots; he has the most rings of any active player (as of the end of the 2017–18 season), he is the only player to win five playing for one team, and he has more than any other quarterback in Super Bowl history.
Robert Kraft, five as owner of New England Patriots
Edward J. DeBartolo, Jr., five as owner of San Francisco 49ers
Keith Simon: five as CFO and Executive VP with San Francisco 49ers
Bobb McKittrick: five as offensive line coach with San Francisco 49ers
Ray Rhodes: five as an assistant coach with San Francisco 49ers
Bill McPherson: five as defensive line coach with San Francisco 49ers
Dick Hoak: each as a running backs coach with Pittsburgh Steelers
Romeo Crennel: two as a defensive coach with New York Giants and three as a defensive coordinator with New England Patriots
George Seifert: three as an assistant coach and two as a head coach all with San Francisco 49ers
Dwight Clark: two as a player and three as a member of the front office, all with San Francisco 49ers
Pepper Johnson: two as a linebacker for New York Giants and three as an assistant coach with New England Patriots
Monsignor Peter Armstrong: five as chaplain for San Francisco 49ers
Markus Paul: three as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the New England Patriots, and two as an assistant strength and conditioning coach with the New York Giants[16]
Tim Rooney: Three with Pittsburgh Steelers and two with New York Giants (as Pro Personnel Director/Scout)
Josh McDaniels has won five with the New England Patriots his first as personnel assistant, second as defensive coaching assistant, third as quarterbacks coach and his fourth and fifth as offensive coordinator.
Ivan Fears has won five with New England Patriots his first as wide receivers coach and the remaining as running backs coach.
Ernie Adams has won five with New England Patriots as a football research director
Brian Daboll has won five with New England Patriots, one as a defensive coaching assistant, two as wide receivers coach, and two as tight ends coach

Four: at least 39 players, many coaches and staff.

The first player to win four Super Bowl rings was tight-end Marv Fleming, who got a pair with Green Bay Packers in 1966 and 1967, and another pair with Miami Dolphins in 1972 and 1973.
Twenty-two players earned four rings with Pittsburgh Steelers in the 1970s: Terry Bradshaw, Franco Harris, Lynn Swann, John Stallworth, Mel Blount, Jack Lambert, Jack Ham, Mike Webster, Donnie Shell, L. C. Greenwood, Rocky Bleier, Gerry Mullins, Larry Brown, Mike Wagner, J.T. Thomas, Loren Toews, Jon Kolb, Sam Davis, Steve Furness, Dwight White, Randy Grossman and the previously mentioned Joe Greene (who later added two more rings). At least five coaches were with the team all four years: George Perles, Louis Riecke, Woody Widenhofer and (as noted above) Chuck Noll and Dick Hoak. The list of Steelers front office staff receiving four rings during that era includes Director of Player Personnel Dick Haley.
Tom Flores: First person to have rings as a player (Kansas City Chiefs), assistant coach and head coach (Oakland Raiders)
Joe Montana, Keena Turner, Jesse Sapolu, Eric Wright, Mike Wilson and Ronnie Lott each won four Super Bowl rings with the 49ers.
Kicker Adam Vinatieri won three with the New England Patriots and one with the Indianapolis Colts
Russ Grimm won three with Washington Redskins and one with Pittsburgh Steelers
Ted Hendricks won one with Baltimore Colts and three with Oakland Raiders
Bill Romanowski won two with San Francisco and two with Denver Broncos
Coach Charlie Weis won one with New York Giants and three with New England Patriots
Matt Millen has four rings while playing for four different cities and three different teams, one with Oakland Raiders, one with Los Angeles Raiders, one with San Francisco 49ers, and one with Washington Redskins (only player to earn a ring with four different cities)
Sherman Lewis won three as running backs coach with San Francisco 49ers and one as offensive coordinator with Green Bay Packers
Willie Davis[17] Won all four rings with Green Bay Packers: two as a player, one as a member of the team's board of directors, and one as an emeritus director. He is the only person to possess all four of Green Bay's Super Bowl rings. Davis also won rings as a member of the 1961, 1962 and 1965 NFL Championship Green Bay Packer teams, bringing his unofficial championship ring count to seven, as the first three were awarded prior to the creation of the Super Bowl.
Mike Pope won all four of his Super Bowl rings as the long time Tight End coach for New York Giants
Ken Norton, Jr. was the first member of 3 Super Bowl-winning teams in a row as a player, and gained a 4th ring as the Linebacker coach for the 2013 Seattle Seahawks
Larry Izzo won three Super Bowls with New England Patriots, and one as the special teams assistant coach with New York Giants
Coach Gary Kubiak won one with San Francisco 49ers as quarterbacks coach, two with Denver Broncos as offensive coordinator, and one as the head coach of the Broncos
Dante Scarnecchia has won four with New England Patriots as an offensive line coach, along with being assistant head coach for three of them
Brian Pariani has won four rings. One as an offensive assistant coach with San Francisco 49ers and three as the tight ends coach with the Denver Broncos

Three: many players, coaches and staff

Among the many figures with three are Bill Walsh, John Elway, Mike Ditka, Mike Shanahan, Art Shell, Jerry Rice, Steve Young, Troy Aikman, Emmitt Smith, Jay Novacek, Michael Irvin, Larry Brown, Eric Mangini, Joe Gibbs, Dave Dalby, Cliff Branch, Roger Craig, Shannon Sharpe, Ed McCaffrey, Mark Schlereth, Forrest Gregg, Herb Adderley, Tom Coughlin, LeGarrette Blount, and Matt Cavanaugh.
Twenty-two players earned three rings with the New England Patriots during the early 2000s: Troy Brown, Willie McGinest, Richard Seymour, Ty Law, Mike Vrabel, Tedy Bruschi, Kevin Faulk, Matt Light, Patrick Pass, Ted Johnson, Lonie Paxton, Stephen Neal, Joe Andruzzi, David Patten, Roman Phifer, Tom Ashworth, Adrian Klemm, Je'Rod Cherry, Matt Chatham, the aforementioned Adam Vinatieri (who later added a fourth ring with the Colts), the aforementioned Tom Brady (who went on to win two additional Super Bowls with the Patriots), and the aforementioned Larry Izzo (who won a fourth with the Giants).

text: Players with Super Bowl and Grey Cup rings[edit]

text: As of 2017, ten players have won championships in both the NFL and Canada’s equivalent Canadian Football League (CFL).

text:
O. J. Brigance (linebacker) won a Grey Cup ring in 1995 with the CFL’s Baltimore Stallions and won a Super Bowl ring in 2001 with the Baltimore Ravens. He is the only player to win both a Grey Cup and a Super Bowl with teams from the same city.
Brandon Browner (cornerback) won a ring in 2008 with the CFL’s Calgary Stampeders and then won a Super Bowl ring in 2013 with the Seattle Seahawks, although he did not play in that game due to a suspension. He went on to play against the Seahawks in the following year's Super Bowl, when he won a second ring with the 2014 New England Patriots.
Terry Greer (wide receiver) was the first person to win both championships; he won the Grey Cup as a member of the Toronto Argonauts in 1983, and two Super Bowl rings as a member of the San Francisco 49ers in 1988 and 1989.
Harald Hasselbach (defensive end) won a ring in 1992 with the CFL’s Calgary Stampeders and won a Super Bowl ring in 1997 with the Denver Broncos.
Bobby Singh (guard) is the only player to win a Super Bowl (1999 with the St. Louis Rams), and a Grey Cup (2006 with the BC Lions), and the XFL Championship (2001 with the Los Angeles Xtreme).
Alvin Walton (safety) won two Super Bowl rings with the NFL's Washington Redskins (1987 and 1991 seasons, but he did not participate in the 1991 season Super Bowl victory) and won a Grey Cup ring with the Baltimore Stallions in 1995.
Barry Wilburn (cornerback) won a Super Bowl with the Washington Redskins in 1988 and the Grey Cup in 1994 with the BC Lions.
Tyrone Williams (wide receiver) won two Super Bowl rings with Dallas in 1992 and 1993, although he did not participate in either game. He then won a Grey Cup ring with the Toronto Argonauts in 1996.
Andre Rison (wide receiver) won a Super Bowl with the Green Bay Packers in 1996, and a Grey Cup with the Toronto Argonauts in 2004.
Josh Miller (punter) won a Grey Cup with the Baltimore Stallions in 1995, and a Super Bowl with the New England Patriots in 2004.