document_title: Burglary

question_text: possession of burglary tools criminal code of canada

text: Burglary

text: Common-law definition[edit]

text: At common law, burglary was defined by Sir Matthew Hale as:

text: The breaking and entering the house of another in the night time, with intent to commit a felony therein, whether the felony be actually committed or not.[4][5][6]

text:
Breaking can be either actual, such as by forcing open a door, or constructive, such as by fraud or threats.[4] Breaking does not require that anything be "broken" in terms of physical damage occurring. A person who has permission to enter part of a house, but not another part, commits a breaking and entering when they use any means to enter a room where they are not permitted, so long as the room was not open to enter.
Entering can involve either physical entry by a person, or the insertion of an instrument to remove property. Insertion of a tool to gain entry may not constitute entering by itself.[4] Note that there must be a breaking and an entering for common-law burglary. Breaking without entry or entry without breaking is not sufficient for common-law burglary.
Although rarely listed as an element, the common law required that "entry occur as a consequence of the breaking".[7] For example, if a wrongdoer partially opens a window with a pry bar—but then notices an open door, which he uses to enter the dwelling, there is no burglary under common law.[7][Note 1] The use of the pry bar would not constitute an entry even if a portion of the prybar "entered" the residence. Under the instrumentality rule the use of an instrument to effect a breaking would not constitute an entry. However, if any part of the perpetrator's body entered the residence in an attempt to gain entry, the instrumentality rule did not apply. Thus, if the perpetrator uses the prybar to pry open the window and then used his hands to lift the partially opened window, an "entry" would have taken place when he grasped the bottom of the window with his hands.[7][8]
House includes a temporarily unoccupied dwelling, but not a building used only occasionally as a habitation.[4]
Night time is defined as hours between half an hour after sunset and half an hour before sunrise.[4]
Typically this element is expressed as the intent to commit a felony “therein”. The use of the word “therein” adds nothing and certainly does not limit the scope of burglary to those wrongdoers who break and enter a dwelling intending to commit a felony on the premises.[7] The situs of the felony does not matter, and burglary occurs if the wrongdoer intended to commit a felony at the time he broke and entered.[7]

tag: ol

text: The common-law elements of burglary often vary between jurisdictions. The common-law definition has been expanded in most jurisdictions, such that the building need not be a dwelling or even a building in the conventional sense, physical breaking is not necessary, the entry does not need to occur at night, and the intent may be to commit any felony or theft.[9]

text: The etymology originates from Anglo-Saxon or Old English, one of the Germanic languages. According to one textbook, "The word burglar comes from the two German words burg, meaning "house", and laron, meaning "thief" (literally "house thief").[10] Another suggested etymology is from the later Latin word burgare, "to break open" or "to commit burglary", from burgus, meaning "fortress" or "castle", with the word then passing through French and Middle English, with influence from the Latin latro, "thief".[11] The British verb "burgle" is a late back-formation.[12]

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada, breaking and entering is prohibited by section 348 of the Criminal Code and is a hybrid offence. Breaking and entering is defined as trespassing with intent to commit an indictable offence. The crime is commonly referred to in Canada as break and enter, which in turn is often shortened to B and E.[13][14]

text: Finland[edit]

text: There is no crime of burglary as such in Finland. In the case of breaking and entering, the Finnish penal code states that

text: A person who unlawfully

text: (1) enters domestic premises by force, stealth or deception, or hides or stays in

text: However, if theft is committed during unlawful entering, then a person is guilty of theft or aggravated theft depending on the circumstances of the felony.

text: Aggravated theft:

text: (1) If in the theft

text: and the theft is aggravated also when assessed as a whole, the offender shall be sentenced for aggravated theft to imprisonment for at least four months and at most

text: Sweden[edit]

text: In Sweden, burglary does not exist as an offence in itself; instead, there are two available offences. If a person simply breaks into any premise, they are technically guilty of either unlawful intrusion (olaga intrång) or breach of domiciliary peace (hemfridsbrott), depending on the premise in question. Breach of domiciliary peace is applicable only when a person "unlawfully intrudes or remains where another has his living quarters".[16] The only punishments available for any of these offences are fines, unless the offences are considered gross. In such cases, the maximum punishment is two years' imprisonment.

text: However, if the person who has forced themself into a house steals anything ("takes what belongs to another with intent to acquire it"), they are guilty of (ordinary) theft (stöld). However, the section regarding gross theft (Chapter 6, 4s of the Penal Code, grov stöld) states "in assessing whether the crime is gross, special consideration shall be given to whether the unlawful appropriation took place after intrusion into a dwelling."[16] For theft, the punishment is imprisonment of at most two years, while gross theft carries a punishment of between six months and six years.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: England and Wales[edit]

text: Burglary is defined by section 9 of the Theft Act 1968, which describes two variants:[17]

text:
A person is guilty of burglary if they enter any building or part of a building as a trespasser with intent to steal, inflict grievous bodily harm or do unlawful damage to the building or anything in it.[Note 2]
A person is guilty of burglary if, having entered a building or part of a building as a trespasser, he steals or attempts to steal anything in the building, or inflicts or attempts to inflict grievous bodily harm on any person in the building.

text: Northern Ireland[edit]

text: The offence is defined in similar terms to England and Wales by the Theft Act (Northern Ireland) 1969.[20]

text: Scotland[edit]

text: Under Scots law, the crime of burglary does not exist. Instead theft by housebreaking covers theft where the security of the building is overcome.[21] It does not include any other aspect of burglary found in England and Wales. It is a crime usually prosecuted under solemn procedure in a superior court. Another common law crime still used is Hamesuken, which covers forced entry into a building where a serious assault on the occupant takes place. Common law crimes in Scotland are gradually being replaced by statutes.

text: United States[edit]

text: Burglary is prosecuted as a felony or misdemeanor and involves trespassing and theft, entering a building or automobile, or loitering unlawfully with intent to commit any crime, not necessarily a theft—for example, vandalism. Even if nothing is stolen in a burglary, the act is a statutory offense. Buildings can include hangars, sheds, barns, and coops; burglary of boats, aircraft, trucks, and railway cars is possible. Burglary may be an element in crimes involving rape, arson, kidnapping, identity theft, or violation of civil rights; indeed the "plumbers" of the Watergate scandal were technically burglars. As with all legal definitions in the U.S., the foregoing description may not be applicable in every jurisdiction, since there are 50 separate state criminal codes, plus federal and territorial codes in force.

text: Home invasion[edit]

text: Commission of a burglary with the intention or result of confronting persons on the premises may constitute an aggravated offense known as home invasion.[22]

text: Nighttime burglaries[edit]

text: In some states, a burglary committed during the hours of daylight is technically not burglary, but housebreaking.[23] In many jurisdictions in the U.S., burglary is punished more severely than housebreaking. In California, for example, burglary was punished as burglary in the first degree, while housebreaking was punished as burglary in the second degree. California now distinguishes between entry into a residence and into a commercial building, with the burglary of a residence bearing heavier punishment.

text: In states that continue to punish burglary more severely than housebreaking twilight, night is traditionally defined as hours between 30 minutes after sunset and 30 minutes before sunrise.

text: Inchoate crime[edit]

text: Some academics consider burglary as an inchoate crime.[24] Others say that because the intrusion itself is harmful, this justifies punishment even when no further crime is committed.

text: Burglary, as a preliminary step to another crime, can be seen as an inchoate, or incomplete, offense. As it disrupts the security of persons in their homes and in regard to their personal property, however, it is complete as soon as the intrusion is made. This dual nature is at the heart of a debate about whether the crime of burglary ought to be abolished and its elements covered by attempt or aggravating circumstances to other crimes—or retained, and the grading schemes reformed to reflect the seriousness of individual offenses.

text: Possession of burglar's tools, in jurisdictions that make this an offense, has also been viewed as an inchoate crime:[26]

text: In effect piling an inchoate crime onto an inchoate crime, the possession of burglary tools with the intent to use them in a burglary is a serious offense, a felony in some jurisdictions. Gloves that a defendant was trying to shake off as he ran from the site of a burglary were identified as burglar's tools in Green v. State (Fla. App. 1991).

text: Florida[edit]

text: Under Florida State Statutes, "burglary" occurs when a person "enter[s] a dwelling, a structure, or a conveyance with the intent to commit an offense therein, unless the premises are at the time open to the public or the defendant is licensed or invited to enter."[27] Depending on the circumstances of the crime, burglary can be classified as third, second, or first-degree felonies, with maximum sentences of five years, fifteen years, and life, respectively.[28]

text: Georgia[edit]

text: A person commits the offense of burglary when, without authority and with the intent to commit a felony or theft therein, he enters or remains within the dwelling house of another or any building, vehicle, railroad car, watercraft, or other such structure designed for use as the dwelling of another or enters or remains within any other building, railroad car, aircraft, or any room or any part thereof. A person convicted of the offense of burglary, for the first such offense, shall be punished by imprisonment for not less than one nor more than 20 years. For the purposes of this Code section, the term "railroad car" shall also include trailers on flatcars, containers on flatcars, trailers on railroad property, or containers on railroad property. O.C.G.A. § 16-7-1

text: Kentucky[edit]

text: Burglary and the intended crime, if carried out, are treated as separate offenses. Burglary is a felony, even when the intended crime is a misdemeanor, and the intent to commit the crime can occur when one "enters or remains unlawfully" in the building, expanding the common-law definition. It has three degrees. Third-degree burglary is the broadest, and applies to any building or other premises. Second-degree burglary retains the common-law element of a dwelling, and first-degree burglary requires that the accused be in a dwelling and armed with a weapon or have intent to cause injury.[29] A related offense, criminal trespass, covers unlawful entry to buildings or premises without the intent to commit a crime, and is a misdemeanor or, in the third degree, a violation.[30] Possession of burglar's tools, with the intent to use them to commit burglary or theft, is a misdemeanor.[31]

text: Massachusetts[edit]

text: The Commonwealth of Massachusetts uses the term "burglary" to refer to a night-time breaking and entering of a dwelling with the intent to commit a felony. Burglary is a felony punishable by not more than twenty years; should the burglar enter with a dangerous weapon, they may be imprisoned for life.[32] Unlawful entries of a structure other than a dwelling are labeled "breaking and entering" and punishments vary according to structure.[33]

text: Maryland[edit]

text: In Maryland, under title 6, subtitle 2 of the criminal law code, the crime of burglary is divided into four degrees. The first three degrees are felonies, while fourth-degree burglary is a misdemeanor.[citation needed] Breaking and entering into a dwelling with intent to commit theft or a crime of violence is first-degree burglary. Breaking and entering into a "storehouse" (a structure other than a dwelling, also including watercraft, aircraft, railroad cars, and vessels) with intent to commit theft, arson, or a crime of violence is second-degree burglary. Third-degree burglary is defined as breaking and entering into a dwelling with intent to commit a crime.

text: Simple breaking and entering into a dwelling or storehouse without specific intent to commit an additional crime is fourth-degree burglary. This degree also includes two other offenses that do not have breaking and entering as an element: Being in or on the yard, garden, or other property of a storehouse or dwelling with the intent to commit theft, or possession of burglar's tools with the intent to use them in a burglary offense.

text: New Hampshire[edit]

text: In the criminal code of New Hampshire, "A person is guilty of burglary if he enters a building or occupied structure, or separately secured or occupied section thereof, with purpose to commit a crime therein, unless the premises are at the time open to the public or the actor is licensed or privileged to enter."[34]

text: New York[edit]

text: Under the New York Penal Law, burglary is always a felony, even in third degree.[35] It is more serious if the perpetrator uses what appears to be a dangerous weapon or enters a dwelling.[36][37]

text: Pennsylvania[edit]

text: In Pennsylvania, it is a defense to prosecution if the building or structure in question is rendered abandoned.[38]

text: Virginia[edit]

text: In Virginia, there are degrees of burglary, described as "Common Law Burglary" and "Statutory Burglary".

text: Common Law Burglary is defined as: if any person breaks and enters the dwelling of another, in the nighttime, with intent to commit a felony or any larceny (theft < $200) therein, shall be guilty of burglary, punishable as a class 3 felony; provided, however, that if such person was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, he shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.

text: Statutory Burglary is defined as: If any person in the nighttime enters without breaking, or in the daytime breaks and enters or enters and conceals himself in a dwelling house or an adjoining, occupied outhouse, or, in the nighttime enters without breaking or at any time breaks and enters or enters and conceals himself in any office, shop, manufactured home, storehouse, warehouse, banking house, church or other house, or any ship, vessel or river craft, or any railroad car, or any automobile, truck, or trailer, if such automobile, truck or trailer is used as a dwelling or place of human habitation, with intent to commit murder, rape, robbery or arson in violation of Virginia State code section 18.2-77, 18.2-79, or 18.2-80, shall be deemed guilty of statutory burglary, which offense shall be a class 3 felony. However, if such person was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, he shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.

text: Additionally, if any person commits any of the acts mentioned in the VA state code section 18.2-90 with intent to commit larceny, or any felony other than murder, rape, robbery or arson in violation of VA state code section 18.2-77, 18.2-79, or 18.2-80, or if any person commits any acts mentioned in 18.2-89 or 18.2-90 with intent to commit assault and battery, shall be guilty of statutory burglary, punishable by confinement in a state correctional facility for not less than one or more than twenty years, or, in the discretion of the jury or the court trying the case without a jury, be confined in jail for a period not exceeding twelve months or fined not more than $2,500, either or both. However, if the person was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, he shall be guilty of a Class 2 felony.

text: Finally, if any person break and enter a dwelling house while said dwelling is occupied, either in the day or nighttime, with intent to commit any misdemeanor except assault and battery or trespass (which falls under the previous paragraph), shall be guilty of a class 6 felony. However, if the person was armed with a deadly weapon at the time of such entry, he shall be guilty of a class 2 felony.

text: Wisconsin[edit]

text: In Wisconsin, burglary is committed by one who forcibly enters a building without consent and with intent to steal or to commit another felony. Burglary may also be committed by entry to a locked truck, car or trailer or a ship.[39] The crime of burglary is treated as being more serious if the burglar is armed with a dangerous weapon when the burglary is committed or arms himself/herself during the commission of the burglary.[40]

text: Protection against burglars[edit]

text: Protection of a household against burglars can include defences from anti-burglar paint through safety and security window film to burglar-proof doors and windows and burglar alarms. Dogs of any size can warn residents through loud barking, with larger dogs posing a threat of severe injury to an intruder. The victim may also rightfully use self-defence in many jurisdictions.

text: In case if burglar entered the house, secret stores can help protect things. Ordinary places such as boxes, tables and cabinets are prime targets of the burglar. It`s recommended to leave fake money and jewelry in that places, which can help to preserve real values.

text: After a crime has been committed, tactics such as cocooning have been shown to dramatically reduce the incidence of repeat offences. Cocooning involves notifying neighbours in the street that a break and enter has occurred, thereby encouraging a form of natural surveillance. Studies show this may decrease the rate of property crime by up to 50% in the local area.[41]

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Burglaries, by country[edit]

text: The UNODC notes "that when using the figures, any cross-national comparisons should be conducted with caution because of the differences that exist between the legal definitions of offences in countries, or the different methods of offence counting and recording". Also not every crime is reported and the rate of reported crimes may vary by countries.

text:
[show]Burglaries by Country[42]

Country
Burglaries
Rate
Year

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1,175
1074.5
2011

Saint Kitts and Nevis
520
970.4
2010

New Zealand
39,532
886.4
2012

Bahamas
3,242
885.0
2011

Belgium
80,708
729.7
2012

Netherlands
112,105
670.7
2012

Australia
151,919
659.1
2012

Barbados
1,548
546.6
2012

United States of America
1,567,100
493.6
2012

Switzerland
35,801
447.7
2012

Luxembourg
2,154
417.2
2011

Sweden
39,552
415.8
2012

Chile
72,011
412.3
2012

United Kingdom (England and Wales)
227,280
405.3
2012

Italy
237,355
389.8
2012

France
234,090
366.1
2012

Israel
25,035
331.9
2011

Canada
113,346
328.7
2011

United Kingdom (Northern Ireland)
5,868
324.0
2012

United Kingdom (Scotland)
15,616
294.9
2012

Belarus
26,435
276.6
2008

Spain
126,422
270.4
2012

Kazakhstan
42,939
263.9
2012

Greece
28,193
253.4
2012

Portugal
25,151
237.2
2012

Malta
1,004
234.7
2012

Trinidad and Tobago
3,111
232.6
2012

Hungary
22,587
226.4
2012

Bahrain
2,479
222.1
2008

Guyana
1,758
221.0
2012

Estonia
2,718
210.6
2012

Grenada
221
209.5
2012

Botswana
4,088
205.8
2011

Austria
15,479
182.9
2012

Cyprus
2,010
178.0
2012

Germany
144,117
174.1
2012

Costa Rica
6,736
146.4
2009

Liechtenstein
51
139.1
2012

Slovenia
2,717
131.4
2012

Norway
5,987
119.9
2012

Kyrgyzstan
6,500
118.7
2012

Lithuania
3,526
116.5
2012

Finland
6,281
116.1
2012

Croatia
4,331
100.5
2012

Turkey
69,709
99.1
2008

Bosnia and Herzegovina
3,673
95.3
2009

Mexico
114,291
94.6
2012

Macedonia
1,987
94.4
2012

Czech Republic
9,718
91.2
2012

Russian Federation
129,581
90.3
2011

Bulgaria
6,456
88.7
2012

Jamaica
2,431
87.8
2012

Ukraine
38,801
84.3
2010

Republic of Korea
34,952
71.7
2011

Serbia
6,738
70.5
2012

Poland
26,825
70.2
2012

Mauritius
714
57.8
2011

Mongolia
1,554
56.4
2011

Republic of Moldova
1,952
55.5
2012

Japan
60,938
47.9
2012

Colombia
22,346
46.8
2012

Maldives
126
40.1
2008

Albania
1,238
39.2
2012

Jordan
2,731
39.0
2012

Oman
987
38.1
2008

Armenia
1,097
36.9
2012

Dominican Republic
3,731
36.3
2012

Latvia
731
35.5
2012

Georgia
1,552
35.4
2010

Slovakia
1,742
32.0
2012

United Arab Emirates
2,900
31.5
2012

Morocco
8,001
25.6
2009

Sierra Leone
1,149
20.8
2008

Syrian Arab Republic
3,346
16.4
2008

Egypt
9,257
11.7
2011

Brazil
22,679
11.4
2012

São Tomé and Príncipe
20
10.9
2011

Panama
352
9.3
2012

Kuwait
256
9.0
2009

Peru
2,342
8.1
2009

El Salvador
468
7.4
2012

Singapore
358
6.9
2011

Kenya
2,871
6.6
2012

Yemen
1,388
6.2
2009

Uganda
1,990
5.9
2010

Guatemala
791
5.7
2009

Guinea
533
5.3
2007

Azerbaijan
228
2.4
2012

Tajikistan
151
1.9
2011

Nigeria
2,968
1.8
2012

Algeria
382
1.0
2012


document_title: A Dog's Purpose (film)

question_text: who plays bailey in a dog's purpose

question_tokens: who plays bailey in a dog 's purpose

root

text: A Dog's Purpose (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the 1950s, a feral puppy named Toby is whisked away to the dog pound and quickly euthanized, wondering if "fun" truly is life's purpose.

tag: p

text: His strong spirit is reborn and reincarnated as a newborn Retriever puppy in 1961, Toby leaves his cage at a puppy mill and is found by two garbage men who plan to sell him for their own profit. They leave to drink and Toby is spotted locked inside their pick-up truck by a young boy named Ethan and his mother, who rescue him from the brink of death by heatstroke. After they convince Ethan's father, the dog is allowed to stay and renamed Bailey.

text: Bailey and Ethan bond quickly, especially over the summer when the family visits Ethan's maternal grandparents' farm, and Bailey now believes Ethan alone is his purpose. Years pass and after several attempts at advancing in his job failed, Ethan's father has become a deadbeat alcoholic, though teenage Ethan still tries to respect him - inviting him to a football game now that he has been named starting quarterback.

text: Over the summer, Ethan goes to a fair with Bailey and meets Hannah, who he quickly begins dating, with Bailey referring to her as "part of the pack". Ethan and Hannah spend their summer happy together though their senior years are upcoming, but they plan to go to the same school; popular Ethan getting a football scholarship and Hannah following him on an academic one. When he goes home one night though, Ethan's father is drunk and shouting at Ethan's mother. He turns on Ethan then and when his mother tries to keep them separated, he shoves her to the ground. Ethan orders his father to leave and never come back, and becomes "the leader of the pack."

text: Later, at a game watched by scouts, Ethan is offered a full 4-year scholarship to Michigan State, but that night a vindictive classmate named Todd throws a lit firecracker into Ethan's house as a prank, which unintentionally results in a house fire. Bailey alerts Ethan, who goes to save his mother. Unable to get out of the door, they head out through his mother's bedroom window upstair. Ethan first lowers her with her sheets to the neighbors below, then Bailey — but when trying to jump himself, Ethan badly fractures his leg, ending his dreams of an athletic scholarship. Bailey attacks Todd, who is apprehended by the police. Instead Ethan must go to an agricultural school where he will learn to take over his grandparents' farm. Falling into depression, self-pity and bitterness, he grudgingly breaks off his romance with Hannah before leaving for college. Sometime afterwards, an aged Bailey slowly expires at the veterinarian's office after sharing an eleventh-hour teary goodbye with Ethan.

text: Bailey reincarnates into another dog life, a female German Shepherd Police dog named Ellie, sometime in the late 1970s/early 1980s, while possessing full memories and experiences of his past lives. Ellie is partnered with a widowed officer named Carlos from the Chicago Police Department, and works hard at "showing" and "finding", now seeing the job as life's purpose. The two form a close relationship which ends after Ellie jumps into a rushing river and saves a kidnapped girl from drowning, and is then fatally shot during a struggle with the armed kidnapper who was a moment away from killing an unsuspecting Carlos.

text: Reborn again in the mid-1980s as a Pembroke Welsh Corgi, he forms a bond with an Atlanta college student named Maya who names him Tino. Maya is lonely, which Tino, having bonded closely with the girl, realizes, and makes his purpose to find her some happiness. She starts a relationship with another classmate named Al who she begins seeing after Tino falls for Al's dog, a black and white Landseer named Roxie, and allows her to open up to him. Maya and Al marry and have 3 children who all love the Corgi. In love with Roxie (though she does not seem to reciprocate the romance), Tino is permanently heartbroken when one day she does not return from the vet. As he lies dying of old age in the late 1990s, Tino thanks Maya for giving him one of his best lives.

text: Bailey is again reborn and reincarnated, this time, as a St. Bernard-Australian Shepherd mix, sometime during the next decade, only to be taken in by an abusive and neglectful urban couple who name him Waffles. Waffles is eventually dumped in an abandoned lot and reluctantly sets off in search of a new life. Walking past a dog park and remembering how long it had been since he played, Waffles meets a dog and her human who hold a familiar scent to him, though he knows neither of them. He gradually makes his way to the country area where he spent summers as Bailey without even realizing at first where he is headed. He joyfully reunites with his old master Ethan, who is now somewhere in his 50s, living a lonely life and apparently broken in spirit at his Grandparents' old farm, which he now owns and runs. Ethan, of course, initially has no idea who this wandering dog really is and hands him over to the local animal shelter. But he soon has a change of heart and reclaims him, naming him Buddy. Buddy, sensing that he has finally found the true purpose of life that has long evaded him, finds a way to reunite Ethan with a widowed Hannah, and they eventually get married.

text: Buddy finally convinces Ethan that he is his beloved childhood pet by performing some tricks and responding to key phrases that were known only to the two of them all those many, many long years ago. The dog in voiceover tells the viewer that life is about having fun; saving others; not getting caught in the past or regrets; finding someone to be with; and living for today.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Josh Gad as the voice of Toby, Bailey, Ellie, Tino, Waffles and Buddy.
Dennis Quaid as Ethan Montgomery (adult)[8]

KJ Apa as teenage Ethan Montgomery[8]
Bryce Gheisar as eight-year old Ethan Montgomery

Juliet Rylance as Elizabeth Montgomery, Ethan's mother.[8]
Peggy Lipton as Hannah (adult)[8]

Britt Robertson as young Hannah[8]

John Ortiz as Carlos Ruiz
Kirby Howell-Baptiste as Maya
Pooch Hall as Al[9]
Luke Kirby as Jim Montgomery, Ethan's father
Michael Bofshever as Bill, Ethan's grandfather
Gabrielle Rose as Fran, Ethan's grandmother
Logan Miller as Todd, the vindictive classmate

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: In 2015, DreamWorks acquired the film rights for Cameron's novel.[10] On May 8, 2015, it was announced Lasse Hallström would direct the film.[11] On August 5, 2015, Britt Robertson and Dennis Quaid joined the cast.[8] On September 18, 2015, Pooch Hall was cast in the film.[9] On October 15, 2015, Bradley Cooper joined the cast to play the dog's inner voice.[12] He was eventually replaced by Josh Gad.[13] Principal photography began on August 17, 2015.[14]

text: Release[edit]

text: In December 2015, the film switched from a DreamWorks Pictures release to under the Amblin Entertainment banner as per Amblin Partners' newly enacted branded strategy.[15] The film was released by Universal Pictures on January 27, 2017.[16] Universal also distributed it overseas, except for countries where Mister Smith Entertainment handled international sales.

text: Box office[edit]

text: A Dog's Purpose has grossed $64.3 million in the United States and Canada and $130.6 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $194.9 million, against a production budget of $22 million.[3]

text: In North America was released alongside Resident Evil: The Final Chapter and Gold, and was projected to gross $18–22 million from 3,050 theaters in its opening weekend, slightly lower than initial $27 million tracking had the film debuting to before boycotts against the film were called for.[4] It made $466,000 from Thursday night previews and $5.3 million on its first day. It ended up debuting to $18.2 million, finishing second at the box office behind the second weekend of Universal's own Split.[17] The film dropped 40.6% in its second weekend, grossing $10.8 million and finishing third at the box office.[18]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 30% based on 121 reviews, and an average rating of 4.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A Dog's Purpose offers an awkward blend of sugary sentiment and canine suffering that tugs at animal-loving audiences' heartstrings with shameless abandon."[19] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 43 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[20] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[21]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A Dog's Purpose was released on digital HD on April 18, 2017, and was followed by a release on Blu-ray and DVD on May 2, 2017, from Universal Studios Home Entertainment.[22][23] The film topped the home video sales chart for the week ending on May 7, 2017.[24]

text: Animal abuse allegations[edit]

text: Initial reaction[edit]

text: On January 18, 2017, a video surfaced on TMZ showing footage taken from the set of the film, which shows a German Shepherd named Hercules being dragged and dipped into rushing water while visibly resisting.[25] After a cut in the video, the next clip shows the dog being submerged in the water at the other end of the tank while a voice on set can be heard shouting "CUT IT!", and various people are then seen rushing towards the dog.[26] The American Humane Association, which ensures that animals are not harmed in entertainment productions, announced that its representative on set had been suspended over the incident, and that the incident is under further investigation.[27][28] PETA called for a boycott of the film.[29] Actor Josh Gad, who voices the dog in the movie, was not on set during the making of the film, but stated that he was "shaken and sad to see any animal put in a situation against its will".[30] Due to the release of the video, Universal Pictures cancelled the film's scheduled January 19 Los Angeles premiere.[31]

text: Director Lasse Hallström stated on Twitter that he "did not witness" the actions in the video, and was "very disturbed" by the footage.[32]

text: Validity of the video[edit]

text: Amblin Entertainment released a statement in regards to the incident, saying that "on the day of the shoot, Hercules did not want to perform the stunt portrayed on the tape so the Amblin production team did not proceed with filming that shot", and that "Hercules is happy and healthy".[33]

text: Dennis Quaid also came out against the TMZ video, stating that the video did not tell the whole story, saying:

text: My experience is that the animals were treated great. There was no animal abuse. That video that someone took and sold for money and held on to for a year and a half until right before the film's coming out, does not tell the whole story. First of all, it's been edited and manipulated. And I think it's a scam, to tell you the truth. What they (the viewers of the video) saw was completely out of context. It was edited...and all of the footage I saw, the dog was going into the water happily and had to be restrained, actually, from going into the water many times during that day.

text: Quaid also said that the video was shot

text: towards the end of the day and I would not say, in real context, that the dog was frightened. The dog was acting like a dog who was kind of tired of taking a bath and was ready to get out. And, in fact, that's what happened. They took the dog out.[34]

text: On February 4, 2017, the American Humane Association reported that an independent third-party animal-cruelty expert had concluded that safety measures on the set of the film were in place and the video had been deliberately edited to mislead the public.[5]

text: The film was released with AHAD approval number 06202.


document_title: Haley James Scott

question_text: who does haley end up with in one tree hill

text: Haley James Scott

text: Character development[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: Haley Bob James was raised by James "Jimmy" and Lydia James (née Brigard) in a very large family; the youngest of seven children, Haley's siblings are: Vivian, Taylor, Quinn, and three older brothers. Her best friend was Lucas Scott, whom she has been friends with since her childhood, all through high school and beyond. When Lucas joined the Tree Hill Ravens, his half-brother, Nathan Scott, vows to torment Lucas and targets Haley in his plans. Haley secretly agrees to tutor Nathan if he promises to stop hazing Lucas. Nathan agrees and eventually their tutoring relationship becomes romantic. Nathan and Haley fall in love with each other; which results in their marriage and Haley losing her virginity to him. Through Lucas and Nathan, she also becomes close friends with Tree Hill High cheerleaders, Peyton Sawyer and Brooke Davis.

text: Nathan and Haley struggle against various hardships while trying to realize their personal dreams of basketball and music. Her dream of being a singer almost destroys their marriage, as she leaves Nathan to go on tour with Chris Keller (Tyler Hilton), a successful rock star. When Haley returns; the couple remains separated because Nathan distrusts her and Haley moves in with Brooke, becoming a Tree Hill High cheerleader in the process. Nathan Lucas and Haley soon reconcile and they have married again in a second wedding ceremony. In her senior year, Haley discovers that she is pregnant with her and Nathan's son, who is later named James Lucas Scott. To make ends meet, she continues to work in Karen's Café and help out her fellow students with tutoring.

text: Haley grew up with her best friend (and later, brother-in-law) Lucas Scott in Tree Hill, a small North Carolina town. Her first job was as a waitress at Karen's Café. She later dates, then marries Lucas's slightly younger half-brother Nathan Scott. In high school, she joins the cheerleading squad due to the desperate asking of her close friend and roommate Brooke Davis and as a way to stay close to Nathan during their trial separation. Later Haley named Brooke the godmother of her son James Lucas Scott and Brooke named Haley the godmother of her twin sons Davis and Jude Baker. On the day of graduation, Haley goes into labor with James Lucas Scott, her son with Nathan. Eventually, she gives birth to their daughter Lydia Bob Scott. In later years, she is asked by Lucas to be the minister at his wedding to Peyton Sawyer. She is happily the aunt of Sawyer Brooke Scott, the daughter of Peyton and Lucas. She is known for her cautious and studious ways, as well as for her talent for music and teaching.

text: Character arc[edit]

text: This section's plot summaries may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve them by removing unnecessary details and making them more concise. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Season 1[edit]

text: Haley is initially hesitant when her best friend, Lucas decides to join the Ravens varsity basketball team. and instantly clashes with his half-brother Nathan, also a player on the team. Nathan, "the popular and bad boy of Tree Hill", decides to use Haley in his scheme to destroy Lucas and Haley agrees to tutor Nathan if he leaves Lucas alone. When Lucas finds out what has been going on, he is angry with Haley but she refuses to stop tutoring Nathan as she made him a promise.

text: After Nathan's girlfriend Peyton Sawyer dumps him, he and Haley start to grow closer. After many fights, including Nathan's inability to admit their growing relationship in front of his friends,[1] they embark on a relationship together. Lucas and Haley struggle to maintain their friendship as she and Nathan continue seeing each other. Haley is angry to learn that Nathan initially only came after her because he wanted to get back at Lucas but when Nathan proves her that he's not that guy anymore, she forgives him.

text: Haley also becomes friends with Peyton, who she initially disliked, and counsels Peyton as she and Lucas find themselves caught up in a love triangle with Brooke Davis. Although Nathan's mother, Deb is fond of Haley, she faces hostility from his father, Dan. When Nathan becomes involved in Dan and Deb's messy divorce, Haley suggests that he emancipates himself from them. After doing so, Nathan moves into his new apartment.

text: One morning, Haley comes over and Nathan notices that she has gotten a tattoo of his jersey number, 23, on her lower back and this leaves Nathan wondering why Haley still won't sleep with him. Haley has always vowed not to lose her virginity until she is married and Nathan comes to respect that, while he and Haley acknowledge that their relationship has taken on a new dimension—they have fallen in love. However, when Haley discovers that Nathan has been surfing porn on the internet, she feels insecure about a sexual relationship once again, until Nathan declares his love for her in the rain. Meanwhile, Lucas tells Haley that he has decided to go and live with Keith in Charleston and Haley is saddened that her best friend is leaving. When Lucas comes to say goodbye to Haley, he is surprised to discover that Haley slept with Nathan in spite of her wish to be a virgin until marriage. She explains that she did wait; Haley and Nathan got married the night before.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: As their marriage continues, Haley and Nathan seem to encounter more and more hardships as a young couple, realizing that their marriage might hinder their dreams; Nathan's dream being basketball and the NBA, and Haley's dream being music. With the arrival of Haley's older sister, Taylor, the couple has their first big fight, as it is revealed that Nathan lost his virginity to Taylor his freshman year. Also with the arrival of Chris Keller, a conceited albeit talented musician, the problems in the marriage are escalated, due to Nathan's jealousy and distrust of Chris. As Haley and Chris begin to spend more and more time together, recording a duet of Ryan Adams' "When the Stars Go Blue," they realize that they have a strong musical connection. This, of course, angers Nathan even more, especially when he realizes that Chris' feelings for his wife are not exactly platonic.

text: When Haley is offered a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to go on tour with Chris Keller, The Wreckers (Michelle Branch and Jessica Harp) and Gavin DeGraw and after confessing that she kissed Chris, Nathan is outraged and gives Haley an ultimatum; if she goes on the tour, their marriage is over. Haley is hurt and ultimately decides that she needs to follow her dreams. She reluctantly accepts Chris' offer, unlike Nathan who had refused his dream of attending High Flyers (earlier in the season), an elite basketball camp just to be with his wife. Haley's leaving sends Nathan on a downward spiral, but Haley fulfills her dreams by building a music career and by performing her songs in front of huge crowds.

text: Though it is made clear numerous times that she regrets leaving Nathan, when he visits her on tour, he is unable to convince her to return to Tree Hill. Near the end of Season 2, she receives a petition for annulment for the marriage to Nathan Scott, leaving Haley heartbroken and filled with regret. Shortly after, Haley is visited by Lucas and Brooke at one of her shows in New York. Lucas tells Haley that although he is so proud of everything she has accomplished, her absence is simply "killing" Nathan. In the end, it is Lucas and Brooke's visit that convinces her to return to Tree Hill and to Nathan. In one of the final scenes of the (second season) finale, she shows up at the Scott residence doorstep. Her intentions aren't made clear until the third-season premiere.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: At the outset of Season 3, Haley returned to Tree Hill to find that many things have changed during her absence. Although she professes her undying love for Nathan and begs for his forgiveness, their marriage continues to fall apart. Nathan's anger and inability to trust Haley leads him to strongly consider a divorce. (However, the state requires a year-long period of separation, in which circumstances improved.) Haley also finds that her close friend, Peyton, has flat-out refused to speak to her, as Peyton is also angry and hurt by Haley's sudden departure and how it effected her friend Nathan as well. Haley is faced with a dilemma because, since Nathan moved back into his parents' house and her own parents are traveling the country in an RV, she has nowhere to live. In the end, she moves into her former apartment with Brooke Davis (Sophia Bush) and becomes a cheerleader.

text: Though many relationships in her life are going poorly, Haley is able to reconnect with Lucas, whose forgiveness is much more easily achieved than Nathan's. As they are able to re-establish their foundation as best friends, Haley and Lucas begin their senior year the same way they had begun their junior year; united against the world. Haley is one of the few people who knows about Lucas's HCM, and pleads with him to stop playing basketball. Concerned for his safety, she threatens to tell Whitey Durham, Lucas's coach, about Lucas's heart condition unless Lucas tells him himself.

text: In an effort to regain his trust for her, Nathan calls Chris Keller and asks him to come back to Tree Hill to help Haley with her music. Although reluctant at first, Haley agrees to work with him when she finds out Nathan is the one that initiated it. Nathan and Haley get closer and eventually get back together. Later on, after a slow process, Nathan and Haley realize that they love each other too much to let their marriage die and begin to re-establish their relationship as a married couple and move back in together. She also reconciles with Peyton, who admits that she was taking her frustrations out on Haley because, out of everyone who has left her over the years, Haley is the only one who came back. Haley finally finds a way to balance her love for Nathan and her love for music and records Halo for Peyton's Friends With Benefit CD, promoting breast cancer awareness.

text: When troubled teen, Jimmy Edwards, brings a gun to school, Haley and Nathan end up trapped in the tutor center with him during the shooting. After the death of Keith Scott they realize how they need each other and decide to move back in together. During a weekend getaway at a friend's cabin, Haley ecstatically accepts Nathan' proposal to renew their marriage vows in front of all their loved ones. The wedding takes place in the season three finale, along with a shocking cliffhanger in which Haley might be pregnant and Nathan's fate is unknown. The episode ends with Haley's calling for help.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: During the premiere of season four, Brooke was viewed as being the one pregnant, but after a few episodes, it was discovered that Brooke was covering for Haley's pregnancy. When Brooke finally told Haley she couldn't pretend to be pregnant any more, Haley realized it was time to face Nathan and tell him about their baby. Because of Haley's and Nathan's debt, she's been working shifts at Karen's Cafe and has been tutoring Rachel in Calculus. On the day of the State Championship game Haley is found on the bathroom floor in pain, the other girls including Rachel, Peyton, Bevin and Brooke rush her to the emergency room. The doctor told her she would be fine but it was stress causing her problems, and told her she was having a son. After the State Championship game, Haley jumped in the way of a car that was about to hit Nathan. The car was being driven by Daunte, as revenge for Nathan's betrayal after he was lent money. After a string of operations, she was fine and to her and Nathan's delight, they find that the baby has a heartbeat of their son. After Nathan tells her what he did, she freaks out and leaves; but eventually forgives him. He then buys her a maternity prom gown after winning the stripping contest.

text: We find out from Haley's class assignment with Skills that if she doesn't pursue a singing career she wants to be a teacher. She also fears that her son will not find his place in the world, like she sometimes feels. In "Pictures of You" (episode 4.13), Skills assures her that he will find a place and that he will make sure of that. Meanwhile, the person who stole the Calculus test is still unknown so the whole Calculus class takes a retake to find out who the cheater is. Rachel puts Brooke's name on her test so Principal Turner assumes she is the one who stole the test. Principal turner confronts Haley about this and Haley knew she could not trust Rachel. Haley also loses her job at the tutor center for letting a student get a hold of the key to the cabinet with the tests.

text: At a party later that night Haley confronts Rachel about "stealing" the Calculus test and slaps her (also for hitting on Nathan). Rachel then tries to push Haley but is stopped by Skills who asks her to leave. Rachel takes the fall for Brooke because she wants Brooke's fashion designs to be sent to Victoria's Secret. By the end of the night, a sex tape is revealed of Nathan and Brooke. Haley as well as everyone else is left in shock. Haley is a little overemotional due to the fact that she is pregnant so she does not take the video lightly. She asks Nathan to write a list of every girl he has ever slept with. In the end, Nathan writes the list, but Haley doesn't read it because she knows that she is the only one that matters because she is the only one he has ever loved. They go to the prom together and are really happy. Days after, the gang goes to Honey Grove, Texas, to help Mouth. Their car breaks down, where Chris Keller rides up in his tour bus. They crash the prom there, where Haley finds out it was Brooke who stole the Calculus test. Haley is mad at first, but she forgives Brooke. Once back in Tree Hill, Principal Turner tells Haley she cannot make her valedictorian speech, because of Nathan's point shaving. Nathan finds out, and fixes the situation, and Haley gets to make it. She then visits Whitey at his house to talk about Nathan. In the middle of her valedictorian speech for graduation, when she is quoting Julius Caesar, Haley begins to laugh nervously and bend over in pain. It turns out she has gone into labor with her son. Everyone looks shocked and Nathan stands up in excitement.

text: Soon after, she gives birth to a son, James Lucas Scott (best known by his nickname Jamie). She also makes up with Rachel, yet they still have a strained relationship.

text: Missing years[edit]

text: Two years before the start of season 5, Haley is seen with a two-year-old Jamie. There she attends Nathan's national championship game. Four months before the start of Season 5, she accompanies Nathan to celebrate his eponymous shoe, but leaves early to look after their son Jamie. It is later that night that in an accident Nathan (temporarily) loses the use of his legs.[2]

text: Season 5[edit]

text: Struggling with her marriage, she tries her best to raise her son Jamie[2] and soon hires a nanny named Carrie. She then becomes a teacher at Tree Hill High and gets sexually harassed by Quentin Fields, the star player of the Tree Hill Ravens basketball team, and runs away in tears. The next day, she challenges him to leave her class and fail it, effectively preventing him from joining the Ravens (now coached by Lucas), due to the school policy. She also makes Nathan realize his selfish ways could cost him their marriage and his son.[3]

text: Peyton has Haley sit in on one of her studio sessions with Jason's band. After Jason acts up, and after hearing the band's pianist Mia play, Haley convinces Peyton to let Jason (and effectively the rest of the band) go so that Mia could become the real star. Haley offers to work on Mia's record, reawakening her musical talent and passion. Arriving home late at night, she goes into Jamie's room to kiss him goodnight and finds a sweet drawing of Jamie with Carrie, the new nanny, and fears that Jamie may have replaced her with Carrie in the event of her constant absence in his life.[4] She then offers Quentin a deal to go back to both her classes and basketball which he agrees to (with a little push from Nathan.)

text: Haley starts to get anxious about how attractive her nanny is but does not notice how much Carrie is hitting on Nathan.[5] She soon gets disappointed by most of her friends when she witnesses Lucas kiss Peyton and when Nathan once again lets his temper get the best of him when Jason sexually harasses Haley.[6] Haley misses the Ravens' first basketball game due to being locked in the Tree Hill High School library with Brooke, Peyton, Mia, Lindsay, and at one point, Tim.[7] When she comes home, she finds Nathan and Carrie in the shower and kicks them out.

text: As Carrie manipulates Jamie into hating Haley, Nathan tries to defend himself, begging for forgiveness and swearing that Carrie's inappropriate crush and constant flirting was never reciprocated. However, he only makes the situation worse by revealing Carrie kissed him, leading to an argument. Jamie is outside at the time and falls into the pool trying to retrieve his basketball. The argument abruptly ends when they see Jamie floating face down in the pool. The two of them rush outside and Nathan dives into the pool and pulls Jamie out. As Haley holds him, relieved that he is okay, she angrily tells Nathan their marriage is over, leaving him devastated.[8] Lucas and Lindsey then try to save her marriage by inviting her to their combined bachelor(ette) party, but it backfires as Haley realizes she is done trying to change Nathan.

text: When Haley reads Lucas's book and realizes the depth of his feelings for Peyton, she calls him to tell him not to marry Lindsey. After witnessing Lindsey leave Lucas at the altar, she realizes that Jamie is missing and blames herself for his disappearance. Jamie returns home that night, followed by his rescuer, Dan.Which we see later than Lucas and Nathan get in a physical altercation with Dan. She and Nathan attend marriage counseling and are able to work things out. She reboots her singing career when she and Peyton record an album. After learning that Dan is dying, she tries to prevent Jamie from spending time with him, but after Jamie gets mad at her for this, she allows him to approach Dan once after a Ravens game. Haley tells Lucas that he needs to choose who he wants to be with, because the people who care about him are worried.

text: Season 6[edit]

text: Haley initially did not have any significant scenes but appeared in several scenes with Lucas, Nathan and Jamie. Haley is the one who breaks the news to Nathan that Quentin was shot and killed. Haley gets a call from a nurse from Tree Hill hospital informing her that Dan is dying. Knowing that Jamie didn't get a chance to say goodbye to his grandfather, she takes him to see Dan after getting a call that he was close to death. However, she did not realize that it was Carrie, who had kidnapped Dan and was using him to lure Jamie. Once there, Haley tells Jamie to wait in the car and goes inside where she sees Dan restrained to the bed and heavily drugged. She undoes the restraints and asks what's going on. Dan, through blurred vision, sees Carrie sneak up behind her. He tries to warn her, but Carrie hits her on the head, knocking her unconscious. She wakes up later on and finds Jamie in the cornfield trying to escape from Carrie. As they are hiding, Haley's phone rings from a return call from Nathan. She and Jamie make a run for it with Carrie giving chase. Before she catches them, she is knocked out by Deb, by hitting Carrie from a bottle to the face. Carrie soon regains consciousness and comes at Haley with an ax, but is stopped when Dan shoots her. Nathan gets a chance to play Slamball, which Haley watches with trepidation, yet decides to support Nathan. During a game, Nathan gets knocked out of a window by a former rival and decides to give up Slamball as it is not worth losing his family over. Haley performs in Peyton's USO show and battles stage fright, although she eventually goes on singing "Feel This". Her performance is amazing and the crowd loves her. In the episode following Chad Michael Murray's 40s episode, Haley helps Jamie prepare for his school talent show, where he is to follow in his mother's footsteps and play the piano. He wants to do stand-up, and decides to do a mixture of both. When Nathan receives the news that he has just been accepted to the Charleston Chiefs, Haley is very excited for him and hugs him and they kiss. Haley supports Nathan after he makes the Charleston Chiefs basketball team. She also helps Mia find inspiration for her next album and is the first (after Lucas of course) to find out about Peyton's pregnancy, already calling dibs on godmother. After Nathan returns home for the weekend, she and Nathan leave Jamie and Andre with Luke and Peyton and go on a double date at TRIC with Mia and Chase. As a joke, Mia and Haley sign Nathan and Chase up for karaoke. Haley goes to Nathan's basketball games, and she and Jamie are sad that Nathan doesn't get to play. After she tells Nathan to keep pushing, and after Jamie adorably calls his coach and asks him to give Nathan another chance, Nathan gets a chance to play and Haley is ecstatic. Haley chooses Sam's essay to win an essay contest, and she will put the essay into the school newspaper. However, the strict new principal tells Haley she doesn't like the essay because of the sex and drug references, and she tells Haley to either not publish the essay or be fired. Haley chooses to publish the essay anyway, and Sam watches Haley follow the principal into her office to receive her punishment. She lures Nathan to a creepy old house in Charleston, where he now plays basketball, and sets up a romantic dinner to celebrate their anniversary. Here, she reveals that she was suspended from her teaching job for publishing Sam's essay. She also talks about moving here, and the two discuss Haley possibly going back on tour. In the end, it's decided that if the house is still available many years from now when Jamie's all grown up, they will return.

text: Principal Rimkus calls Haley into her office and tells Haley that she will resign her position as editor of the school newspaper, tell her literature class she made a serious error in judgement, and print a written apology (which Rimkus has prepared for her) in the next issue of the paper, and if she does not comply, she will be fired. Haley spends the episode pondering what she should do, and tries to distract herself by helping Mia with her album. In the end however she begins apologizing to her class with Rimkus watching her, but she snaps inside and tells them that she was 100% right to publish Sam's essay and they should always tell the truth and stand up for what's right, and given the look on Rimkus' face, she knows that she was just fired, but continues to tell her students never to give up. Due to her new lack of a job, she decides to fully commit to music by becoming a full-time producer of Mia's new record. Principal Rimkus has taken over all of Haley's classes and a rebellion takes place sparked by Sam and Jack. After walking out of class, they convince Haley's entire class to go to her house and surprise her, and they tell Haley they can't imagine being taught by anyone else but her. They begin a mini-lesson in Haley's living room but are interrupted when a furious Rimkus walks in. Everyone heads back to school, and all Rimkus has to say is that Haley left some stuff in HER new classroom that needs to be removed. After a confrontation between Haley and Rimkus about her nasty attitude, Haley goes to pick up her things and Rimkus begins to offer Haley her job back, and Haley declines and tells her congratulations for firing a teacher who loves her class and obtaining a class who doesn't want to learn. She drops Jamie off at school and his teacher Lauren tells Haley a very prestigious private school called the Oppenheimer School has asked to meet with Jamie for him to become a student, which excites Haley since she always wanted to go there as a child. She and Nathan take Jamie there and it's not easy since they have recess textbooks and "mathketball" (which worries Nathan). In the end, Nathan and Haley, with input from Jamie, decide it is best to keep him in his current school.

text: Peyton tells Haley the label wants to buy one of her songs, saying there must have been a singer who liked it. Haley is a little unsure about selling her songs seeing as she has never done that before. Peyton asks Haley just to think about it. Haley considers but before she has completely made up her mind, the singer with an interest in her song arrives and it turns out to be Nick Lachey. He asks Haley if he can buy it and she says no, thinking it is best. He tries to guilt her into letting him buy the song, but to no avail. Towards the end of the episode Haley is in the studio, and Nick comes back asking her to reconsider. She asks him to sing for her and when he does she decides to let him buy the song, but only on the condition that she produces it.

text: After the Minister is unable to attend on the day of Peyton and Lucas's wedding, Lucas asks Haley to officiate the wedding, registers on LastMinuteMinister.com and although she initially found it hard to find anything to say she eventually made a heartfelt speech for the couple. She then has "slutty wedding sex" with Nathan at the reception. In the season 6 finale, Haley finds out that Nathan has made it to the NBA. Haley and Nathan tell Jamie to watch the sports news when Mouth announces the big news and Haley, Nathan and Jamie all take a trip to Charlotte where Nathan plays his first game for the Bobcats.

text: Season 7[edit]

text: Season 7 begins with Haley (now the head of Red BedRoom records.) in Peyton's recording studio, which she has now taken ownership of, recording a new song called "Quicksand". She throws a massive party for Jamie's 7th birthday party, which many people attend, including her sister Quinn. Quinn later reveals to Haley she lied about missing her husband David, not because they are away from each other but because she left him. Haley gets a phone call to go to the studio and finds a label executive named Miranda Stone there. She is there to permanently shut the label down. Haley enlists Mia's help. Mia tells Miranda if she closes the label, she will never record again, and Haley won't either. After Miranda considers the fact that the label might lose their most popular artist, she convinces John Knight, the label owner and Peyton's old boss, to keep the label. Nathan comes home and explains that a woman named Renee is claiming to be pregnant with Nathan's child. Haley gets furious when she finds out Clay wants to pay the woman to keep her quiet, but after Brooke and Quinn help her deal with this issue, she eventually starts thinking it's a good idea if it means protecting their family, especially Jamie, from the fallout if Renee takes her claim public. After Nathan decides to tell Renee that she's getting no money, they realize this will provoke Renee to publicly reveal her pregnancy, and they decide Jamie needs to find out from them first, and Nathan goes to tell him. Haley begins to get suspicious of Renee's intentions after hearing nothing from her in three days, but while shopping at the supermarket with Quinn and Jamie, Jamie finds a tabloid magazine with one of the pictures Renee showed Clay on the cover, officially publicizing the whole scandal.

text: She attends Brooke's fashion show at TRIC, and when she leaves, she finds Renee outside. Renee starts telling Haley about her and Nathan having sex and Haley hits Renee, making her fall to the ground. Renee decides to press charges on Haley for slapping her and Haley is arrested, spending a few hours in jail before Renee decides to drop the charges. Renee visits her while she's in jail and continues to tell Haley that Nathan is the father. Renee writes her phone number down and tells Haley to look at Nathan's old cell phone bills to prove that they knew each other. After she gets out, she fights with Nathan after she slowly starts realizing Renee's accusations may be true. He holds a press conference to take the claims head-on and he thinks Haley won't show after their fight, but she does come to support her husband, though she is seen at the end of the episode looking at the old phone bills, and she finds Renee's number on them. She confronts Nathan, and he tells her girls get hold of his phone number all the time and it was nothing. They are angry with each other, especially after Haley decides to pay off Renee after Nathan loses his endorsement deals. Renee has decided to demand $250,000, and Haley decides not to pay her off. Haley and Nathan later reconcile, and Nathan encourages her that she made the right choice. Renee then agrees to come onto Dan's television show to reveal her pregnancy to the world. In a surprising turn of events, Dan submits Renee to a surprise lie detector test, and all of the answers she gives come across true, which appears to shock her. He goads her into revealing that she did have sex the night of the party and got knocked up, but not by Nathan.

text: After recording several new songs, Haley officially makes her return to music during a free concert she puts together at Tric. Haley loses respect for her older sister after Nathan is unable to sign a new contract with the Bobcats since it is discovered Quinn has been dating Clay, an arrangement Nathan vehemently disapproved of, and this distraction might have cost Nathan his job. Quinn attempts to apologize to Haley, but her younger sister is not in a forgiving mood. She does eventually forgive Quinn when she needs help making a major decision after Nathan gets an offer to play basketball in Spain at the same time she must go on tour in support of her new record. In the end, they decide to move to Spain and Haley will take Jamie with her on tour and stop in places along the way that Jamie would enjoy, such as Disney World. Jamie is not pleased with this because he is angry about everyone leaving, such as Lucas and Peyton, Skills and eventually his grandfather, and he does not want to be one of them. After Nathan and Haley, along with Miranda and Grubbs the Bartender, convince him Spain isn't so bad, he eventually warms up to the idea. However, Clay, with Quinn's help, saves the day by swiftly orchestrating a trade that will allow Nathan to return to the Bobcats. He and Jamie surprise Haley and join her on tour, and the three depart Tree Hill for her tour. Coming home, Haley settles back into her life with Nathan and Jamie. Haley and Quinn then get a visit from Taylor.

text: When Haley's birthday comes, it appears no one remembered it. Later, Jamie decorates the house and Nathan surprises her with a new car, a Porsche Cayman. Haley's mom comes to town and tells her, Quinn, and Taylor that she has pancreatic cancer and doesn't have much time left. Haley continues to try to make her mom fight, and convinces her to let her medical records be seen by Nathan's team doctor. However, the results are the same and there's nothing to be done. Haley also tries to deal with helping Jamie cope since Lydia has told him the truth about how she will soon be with his grandfather. Haley spends one final "Christmas" with her mom after Lydia tells Jamie she will not be there for the next one. Later, Lydia and Haley are making chicken dumpling soup, a long time birthday tradition between them. Haley leaves for a while, and returns to find Lydia unconscious on the floor. Lydia is rushed to the hospital, where she is told she will die soon. Haley spends many moments with her mother in the hospital. At the end, Taylor comes to say goodbye to Lydia, and all three sisters lie with Lydia in her hospital during her last moments.

text: A couple of days after her mother's funeral, Haley is taking a pregnancy test. Nathan tells Haley that he wants more children to which Haley confesses taking a pregnancy test that morning, but it turned out negative. Nathan then tells her that that's okay and they'll try again. Later that night, Haley sneaks out of bed and travels outside, where she has a breakdown and begins to sob. Haley jumps into the pool so she can 'feel again', but gets pulled out by Nathan. When she's in the water she sees flashbacks of her, Nathan, and Jamie. She also starts seeing a therapist, and says that seeing those flashbacks made her want to 'feel again'. On a trip to Utah to watch Julian's movie premiere, Haley tells Nathan she's pregnant and she thinks it will be a girl.

text: Season 8[edit]

text: In the premiere of the eighth season, Haley heads over to Clay and Quinn's wanting to tell her older sister about her second pregnancy. Instead, she finds them both critically injured by gunshot wounds and she breaks down while calling 911. While Quinn is unconscious in the hospital Haley names her the godmother of the child and is desperate not to lose her sister as they had recently lost their mother. Haley is relieved when Quinn awakens and recovers rather quickly. Meanwhile, Nathan tells her that the nerves in his back are deteriorating and that this season playing in the NBA will be his last.

text: Haley later begins working for a crisis hotline and beings helping an Irishwoman named Erin who Haley later meets in person after hearing her perform at an open-mic night at Tric during a Halloween party and she subsequently offers Erin a chance to record an album which she reluctantly accepts.

text: Haley and her family are nearly devastated with tragedy yet again when Brooke nearly drowns trying to save Jamie during a hurricane. Since Brooke has no job, she gets creative by making superhero costumes for her, Quinn and Haley. They soon helped a girl who was being picked on by popular girls at her school. Haley, who was previously a teacher, found out the bullies names and found out little bits and pieces about them. She used it to her advantage and the bullies stopped picking on the girl.

text: Later, Haley surprises Brooke by decorating the church and Brooke asks her to be the Maid of Honor as Peyton cannot make the wedding.

text: Haley wanted to make sure everyone was ready for the arrival of her baby, so she faked going into labor to see what Quinn, Brooke, Julian, Nathan and Clay would do. The first time she tricked Quinn, she didn't know what to do, but she caught on and was ready the second time Haley tricked her. Quinn asked what if Nathan and her were not there to help her, prompting Haley to call Brooke. Brooke comes over and freaks when Haley tells her, causing her to drop her keys in the air vent. They called Julian to retrieve the keys, and Haley plays her trick on Julian, who faints from the shock. She tries with Nathan and Clay but they wouldn't fall for it because they were told all about it. At the end of the episode, Haley is really going into labor, along with Chloe (who is carrying Brooke and Julian's adopted baby). Haley delivers her baby girl, which she names Lydia Bob Scott.

text: Haley decides to re-open Karen's Cafe and Brooke becomes her partner. In the flash-forward in the season finale, Brooke and Haley open Karen's Cafe with great success.

text: Season 9[edit]

text: Haley is moving on after giving birth to Lydia, taking on a new partner at the studio. However, she's dismayed to discover the partner is none other than Chris Keller, who's already convinced the label to let him stay on. At her godsons - Davis and Jude - christening, Haley is thrown when Dan comes to her, saying he has lost his restaurant in a fire and asks to stay at their home for a few days. While reluctant, Haley decides to let him stay without telling Nathan first. However Nathan has been kidnapped and doesn't come home so Lucas comes back to Tree Hill to take Jamie and Lydia home and let them live with him until Haley finds Nathan. Haley then goes to the police to ask for help to find Nathan. One of the police officers is actually one of the kidnappers who is getting paid to kill Nathan. So, when the cops don't do anything, Haley takes matters into her own hands and reaches the point where she begs Dan for help. Nathan is eventually returned to Haley with the help of Dan (who would later die from a gunshot suffered in the rescue), Julian and Chris Keller. The series finale shows Nathan and Haley continuing to lead happy lives after Nathan's kidnapping and also shows a final rain kiss. In a flashfoward, Nathan and Haley are still happily married and Haley still owns Karen's Cafe. The show ends with Nathan, Haley and Lydia watching Jamie's high school basketball game where it is revealed that Jamie beat Nathan's scoring record. The show ends by coming full circle.


document_title: Energy in India

question_text: how much percent of energy is produced in india by using coal

text: Energy in India

text: Overview[edit]

text: India: Total primary energy use of 723.9 Mtoe (excluding traditional biomass use) in the calendar year 2016[4]

text:
Energy in India[5]

Capita
Prim. energy
Production
Import
Electricity
CO2-emission

Million
TWh
TWh
TWh
TWh
Mt

2004
1,080
6,662
5,430
1,230
494
1,103

2007
1,123
6,919
5,244
1,745
610
1,324

2008
1,140
7, 222
5,446
1,836
645
1,428

2009
1,155
7,860
5,844
2,116
690
1,586

2010
1,171
8,056
6,032
2,110
755
1,626

2012
1,241
8,716
6,291
2,483
835
1,745

2012R
1,237
9,166
6,333
2,829
940
1,954

2013
1,250
9,018
6,086
2,962
979
1,869

Change 2004–10
8.4%
20.9%
11.1%
72%
53%
47%

Mtoe = 11.63 TWh, Prim. energy includes energy losses that are 2/3 for nuclear power[6]
2012R = CO2 calculation criteria changed, numbers updated

text: Coal[edit]

text: India was the third top coal producer in 2015 with 283.9 Mtoe (7.4% global share).[4] Nearly 80% of total electricity generated (utility and captive) in India is from coal.

text: According to Greenpeace the largest coal belt in India is at Jharia. Before coal mining Jharia had forests inhabited by tribes. In 1971 the coal mines were nationalised. Bharat Coking Coal Limited (BCCL) took over Jharia coal mines.[7]

text: India accounts for the world’s greatest concentration of coal seam fires. Mine area suffers from pollution of air, water and land.[7]

text: Oil and natural gas[edit]

text: India was the fourth top net crude oil (including crude oil products) importer of 163 Mt in 2015. India has 4.561 million barrels per day (5.7% of the world) crude oil refinery capacity which is ranked 4th globally.[4]

text: Liquefied petroleum gas[edit]

text: Nearly 8.9 million tons Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) was consumed during April to September 2016 (six months) in domestic sector mainly for cooking. The number of domestic connections are 215 million (one connection for six people) with a circulation of more than 250 million LPG cylinders whose net aggregate length would form a 125,000 km long pipe line which is more than the length of total railway track laid in India.[8] Most of the LPG requirement is imported. Piped city gas supply in India is not yet developed on major scale.

text: Biomass and charcoal[edit]

text: Biomass is a renewable energy source and its use for energy generation is carbon-neutral fuel. It is carbon neutral because it would also release global warming green house gasses like methane and carbon dioxide when it is left to degenerate without using as energy source. Presently, only 40% of house holds in India use biomass and charcoal for cooking purpose as LPG use for cooking purpose is rising rapidly.[9] In addition biomass is also used marginally in commercial cooking, electricity generation, process industries, etc. The total biomass use in India is nearly 177 Mtoe in the year 2013.[1] Substantial surplus crop residue is also burnt in agriculture fields for clearing the land for the next crop. Nearly 750 million tons of non edible (by cattle) biomass is available annually in India which can be put to use for higher value addition.[10]

text: Huge quantity of imported coal is being used in pulverised coal-fired power stations. Raw biomass is not suitable for use in the pulverised coal mills as they are difficult to grind into fine powder due to caking problem. However 100% biomass can be fired after Torrefaction in the pulverised coal mills for replacing imported coal.[11] Torrefied biomass plants can be integrated with existing pulverised coal-fired power stations using the available hot flue gas as heat source. Cofiring dry biomass up to 20% heat input with coal is also possible directly in pulverised coal-fired power stations without facing caking problem.[12] North west and southern regions can replace imported coal use with biomass where surplus agriculture/crop residue biomass is burnt in the fields causing pollution problems. As traditional use of biomass is being replaced by LPG at faster pace, biomass burning in agriculture fields would become major source for causing higher level air pollution.

text: Electricity[edit]

text: India was the third top electricity producer in the world 1272 TWh in FY 2014–15. By 2013, India became the world's third largest producer of electricity with 4.8% global share, surpassing Japan and Russia.[13][14] India ranks 7th globally in hydropower generation during the year 2015.[4]


document_title: Three-point field goal

question_text: how far is a high school three pointer

question_tokens: how far is a high school three pointer

text: Three-point field goal

text: History[edit]

text: The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in a 1945 NCAA game between Columbia and Fordham but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 m) from the baskets, except along the sides.[2] The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season.

text: The three-point shot later became popularized by the American Basketball Association after its introduction in the 1967–68 season. Then commissioner of the ABA George Mikan stated the three-pointer "would give the smaller player a chance to score and open up the defense to make the game more enjoyable for the fans."[3] During the 1970s, the ABA used the three-point shot, along with the slam dunk, as a marketing tool to compete with the National Basketball Association (NBA).

text: In the 1979–80 season, after having tested it in the previous pre-season, the NBA adopted the three-point line despite the view of many that it was a gimmick.[4] Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics is widely credited with making the first three-point shot in NBA history on October 12, 1979. Kevin Grevey of the Washington Bullets also made one on the same day.

text: The sport's international governing body, FIBA, introduced the three-point line in 1984, at a distance of 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in).

text: The NCAA's Southern Conference became the first collegiate conference to use the three-point rule, adopting a 22-foot (6.71 m) line for the 1980–81 season.[5][6] Ronnie Carr of Western Carolina University was the first to score a three-point field goal in college basketball history on November 29, 1980.[6][7][8] Over the following five years, NCAA conferences differed in their use of the rule and distance required for a three-pointer. The line was as close as 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m) in the Atlantic Coast Conference, and as far away as 22 feet in the Big Sky Conference.[9] Used in conference play, it was adopted by the NCAA for the 1986–87 men's season at 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m), and was first used in the NCAA Tournament in 1987.[10] In the same 1986–87 season, the NCAA adopted the three-pointer in women's basketball on an experimental basis, using the same 19 ft 9 in distance, and made its use mandatory beginning in 1987–88.[11] In 2007, the NCAA lengthened the men's three-point distance to 20 ft 9 in (6.32 m), with the rule coming into effect at the beginning of the 2008–09 season.[12] The NCAA women's three-point distance was moved to match the men's distance in 2011–12.[11] American high schools, along with elementary and middle schools, adopted a 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m) line nationally in 1987, a year after the NCAA.[13]

text: During the 1994–95, 1995–96, and 1996–97 seasons, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the distance of the line from 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m) (22 ft (6.71 m) at the corners) to a uniform 22 ft (6.71 m) around the basket. From the 1997–98 season on, the NBA reverted the line to its original distance of 23 ft 9 in (22 ft at the corners, with a 3 inch differential). Ray Allen is currently the NBA all-time leader in career made three-pointers with 2,973.[14]

text: In 2008, FIBA announced that the distance would be increased by 50 cm (19.69 in) to 6.75 m (22 ft 1 3⁄4 in), with the change being phased in beginning in October 2010. In December 2012, the WNBA announced that it would be using FIBA's distance, too, as of the 2013 season. The NBA has discussed adding a four-point line, according to president Rod Thorn.[15]

text: Rule specifications[edit]

text: A three-point line consists of an arc at a set radius measured from the point on the floor directly below the center of the basket, and two parallel lines equidistant from each sideline extending from the nearest end line to the point at which they intersect the arc. In the NBA and FIBA standard, the arc spans the width of the court until it is a specified minimum distance from each sideline. The three-point line then becomes parallel to the sidelines from those points to the baseline. The unusual formation of the three-point line at these levels allows players some space from which to attempt a three-point shot at the corners of the court; the arc would be less than 2 feet (0.61 m) from each sideline at the corners if it was a continuous arc. In the NCAA and American high school standards, the arc spans 180° around the basket, then becomes parallel to the sidelines from the plane of the basket center to the baseline (5 feet 3 inches or 1.60 metres). The distance of the three-point line to the center of the hoop varies by level:

text:
Arc radius
Minimum distance from sidelines

National Basketball Association
23 feet 9 inches (7.24 m)
3 feet (0.91 m)
[16]

FIBA (also used by WNBA)
6.75 meters (22 ft 2 in)
0.90 meters (2 ft 11 in)
[17]

National Collegiate Athletic Association
20 feet 9 inches (6.32 m)
4 feet 3 inches (1.30 m)
[18]

American High school basketball
19 feet 9 inches (6.02 m)
5 feet 3 inches (1.60 m)
[19]

text: A player's feet must be completely behind the three-point line at the time of the shot or jump in order to make a three-point attempt; if the player's feet are on or in front of the line, it is a two-point attempt. A player is allowed to jump from outside the line and land inside the line to make a three-point attempt, as long as the ball is released in mid-air.

text: An official raises his/her arm with three fingers extended to signal the shot attempt. If the attempt is successful, he/she raises his/her other arm with all fingers fully extended in manner similar to a football official signifying successful field goal to indicate the three-point goal. The official must recognize it for it to count as three points. Instant replay has sometimes been used, depending on league rules. The NBA,[20] WNBA, FIBA and the NCAA specifically allow replay for this purpose. In NBA, FIBA, and WNBA games, video replay does not have to occur immediately following a shot; play can continue and the officials can adjust the scoring later in the game, after reviewing the video. However, in late game situations, play may be paused pending a review.

text: If a shooter is fouled while attempting a three-pointer and subsequently misses the shot, the shooter is awarded three free-throw attempts. If a player completes a three-pointer while being fouled, the player is awarded one free-throw for a possible 4-point play. Conceivably, if a player completed a three-pointer while being fouled, and that foul was ruled as either a Flagrant 1 or a Flagrant 2 foul, the player would be awarded two free throws for a possible 5-point play.

text: Related concepts[edit]

text: Major League Lacrosse features a two-point line which forms a 15-yard (14 m) arc around the front of the goal. Shots taken from behind this line count for two points, as opposed to the standard one point.

text: In gridiron football, a standard field goal is worth three points; various professional and semi-pro leagues have experimented with four-point field goals. NFL Europe and the Stars Football League adopted a rule similar to basketball's three-point line in which an additional point was awarded for longer field goals; in both leagues any field goal of 50 yards (46 m) or more was worth four points. The Arena Football League awards four points for any successful drop kicked field goal (like the three-point shot, the drop kick is more challenging than a standard place kick, as the bounce of the ball makes a kick less predictable, and arena football also uses narrower goal posts for all kicks than the outdoor game does).

text: During the existence of the World Hockey Association in the 1970s, there were proposals for two-point hockey goals for shots taken beyond an established distance (one proposal was a 44-foot (13.4m) arc, which would have intersected the faceoff circles), but this proposal gained little support and faded after the WHA merged with the NHL. It was widely believed that long-distance shots in hockey had little direct relation to skill (usually resulting more from goalies' vision being screened or obscured), plus with the lower scoring intrinsic to the sport a two-point goal was seen as disruptive of the structure of the game.

text: The Super Goal is a similar concept in Australian rules football, in which a 50-meter (55 yd) arc determines the value of a goal; within the arc, it is the usual 6 points, but 9 points are scored for a "super goal" scored from outside the arc. To date the super goal is only used in pre-season games and not in the season proper.[21]

text: The National Professional Soccer League II, which awarded two points for all goals except those on the power play, also used a three-point line, drawn 45 feet (14 m) from the goal. It has since been adopted by some other indoor soccer leagues.


document_title: Pear-shaped

question_text: where does the phrase it's all gone pear shaped come from

question_tokens: where does the phrase it 's all gone pear shaped come from

text: Pear-shaped

text: Body shape[edit]

text: The comparison is more or less literal when the term is applied to people, where it means narrow at the shoulders and wide at the hips, a use that goes back to at least 1815, and one that can have either positive connotations (as in Venus figurines) or negative, depending upon the context.

text: Voice[edit]

text: In the 20th century, another, more abstract use of the term evolved. When said of someone's voice, "pear-shaped" means rich and sonorous. The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) dates this use to 1925.

text: Failure[edit]

text: The third meaning is mostly limited[citation needed] to the United Kingdom, Ireland, South Africa and Australasia. It describes a situation that went awry, perhaps horribly wrong. A failed bank robbery, for example, could be said to have "gone pear-shaped". The origin for this use of the term is in dispute. The OED cites its origin as within the Royal Air Force as a cleaned-up alternative version of its phrase " tits-up" meaning completely broken or dead; as of 2003 the earliest citation there is a quote in the 1983 book Air War South Atlantic.[1]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
The pear-shaped fruit of the cashew

Pear-shaped-pear croustade

Pear-shaped jar from the Greek island Milos (formerly known as Melos)

Inflated party balloons