document_title: United States presidential inauguration

question_text: when did the inauguration change from march to january

text: United States presidential inauguration

text: Inaugural ceremonies[edit]

text: Dates[edit]

text: The first inauguration, that of George Washington, took place on April 30, 1789. All subsequent (regular) inaugurations from 1793 until 1933, were held on March 4, the day of the year on which the federal government began operations under the U.S. Constitution in 1789. The exception to this pattern being those years in which March 4 fell on a Sunday. When it did, the public inauguration ceremony would take place on Monday, March 5. This happened on four occasions, in: 1821, 1849, 1877, and 1917. Inauguration Day moved to January 20, beginning in 1937, following ratification of the Twentieth Amendment to the Constitution, where it has remained since. A similar Sunday exception and move to Monday is made around this date as well (which happened in 1957, 1985, and 2013).

text: Inauguration Day, while not a federal holiday, is observed as a holiday by federal employees who work in the District of Columbia; Montgomery and Prince George's Counties in Maryland; Arlington and Fairfax Counties in Virginia, and the cities of Alexandria and Fairfax in Virginia, and who are regularly scheduled to perform non-overtime work on Inauguration Day.[2] There is no in-lieu-of holiday for employees or students who are not regularly scheduled to work or attend school on Inauguration Day.

text: Locations[edit]

text: Most presidential inaugurations since 1801 have been held in Washington D.C. at the Capitol Building. Prior inaugurations were held, first at Federal Hall in New York City (1789),[3] and then at Congress Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1793 and 1797). Each city was, at the time, the nation's capital. The location for James Monroe's 1817 swearing in was moved to the Old Brick Capitol in Washington due to on-going restoration work at the Capitol building following the War of 1812.[4] In 1909, William H. Taft's inauguration was moved to the Senate Chamber due to a blizzard.[5] Three other inaugurations—Franklin D. Roosevelt's fourth (1945), Harry S. Truman's first (1945), and Gerald Ford's (1974)—were held at the White House. Presidential inaugurations (not including intra-term ceremonies following the death or resignation of a president) have traditionally been outdoor public ceremonies. Andrew Jackson, in 1829, was the first of 35 held on the east front of the Capitol. Since the 1981 inauguration of Ronald Reagan, they have been held on the Capitol's west front; a move designed to both cut costs and to provide more space for spectators.[6]

text: Organizers[edit]

text: Prior to Inauguration Day, the president-elect will name a Presidential Inaugural Committee. This committee is the legal entity responsible for fundraising for and the planning and coordination of all official events and activities surrounding the inauguration of president and vice president (other than the ceremony), such as the balls and parade.[7]

text: Since 1901, the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies has been responsible for the planning and execution of the swearing-in ceremonies at the U.S. Capitol.[8] Since 1953, the committee has also hosted a luncheon at the Capitol for the new president, vice president, and guests.

text: The Joint Task Force National Capital Region, composed of service members from all branches of the United States Armed Forces, including Reserve and National Guard components, is responsible for all military support to ceremonies and to civil authorities for the inaugural period (in 2017, January 15–24). U.S. military personnel have participated in Inauguration Day ceremonies since 1789, when members of the Continental Army, local militia units and Revolutionary War veterans escorted George Washington to his first inauguration ceremony. Their participation traditionally includes musical units, color guards, salute batteries and honor cordons. Military support to the inauguration honors the new president, who is commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and recognizes civilian control of the military.[9]

text: Attendees[edit]

text: In addition to the public, the attendees at the ceremony generally include Members of Congress, Supreme Court justices, high-ranking military officers, former presidents, living Medal of Honor recipients, and other dignitaries. The outgoing president customarily attends the president-elect's inauguration. Only five have chosen not to do so. John Adams, still smarting over the outcome of the election of 1800, did not remain in Washington to witness the inauguration of Thomas Jefferson, his successor. In 1829, John Quincy Adams also left town, unwilling to be present to see Andrew Jackson's accession to the White House. In 1869, Andrew Johnson was angrily conducting a cabinet meeting even as his successor, Ulysses S. Grant, was being inaugurated.[10] More recently, Woodrow Wilson did not attend Warren G. Harding's 1921 inauguration (though he rode to the Capitol with him), nor did Richard Nixon attend Gerald Ford's 1974 inauguration (having left Washington, D.C., prior to his resignation taking effect).

text: Communication[edit]

text: The way inauguration ceremony events are communicated to the public has changed over the years with each advance in technology. Improvements in mass media technologies have allowed presidents to reach substantially greater numbers of their constituents. In 1829, Andrew Jackson spoke to approximately 10,000 people at his inauguration.[11] Most recently, in 2017, it is estimated that about 160,000 people were in the National Mall areas in the hour leading up to Donald Trump's swearing in.[12] An additional 30.6 million people in the United States watched it on television,[13] and more than 6.8 million worldwide streamed it live on Twitter.[14] Among the inauguration mass communication milestones are:[15]

text:
1801 first inauguration of Thomas Jefferson, first newspaper extra of an inaugural address, printed by the National Intelligencer
1845 inauguration of James K. Polk, first inauguration to be covered by telegraph, and first known newspaper illustration of a presidential inauguration (The Illustrated London News)
1857 inauguration of James Buchanan, first inauguration known to have been photographed
1905 second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt, first time that telephones were installed on the Capitol Grounds for an inauguration
1925 second inauguration of Calvin Coolidge, first inauguration to be broadcast nationally by radio
1929 inauguration of Herbert Hoover, first inauguration to be recorded by a talking newsreel
1949 second inauguration of Harry S. Truman, first inauguration to be televised
1981 first inauguration of Ronald Reagan, first closed-captioning of television broadcast for the hearing impaired
1997 second inauguration of Bill Clinton, first time that the ceremony was broadcast live on the Internet

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text: Ceremony elements[edit]

text: Inauguration procedure is governed by tradition rather than the Constitution, the only constitutionally required procedure being the presidential oath of office (which may be taken anywhere, with anyone in attendance who can legally witness an oath, and at any time prior to the actual beginning of the new president's term).[16] Traditionally, the president-elect arrives at the White House and proceeds to the inaugural grounds at the United States Capitol with the incumbent president. Only three incumbent presidents have refused to accompany the president-elect: John Adams, John Quincy Adams, and Andrew Johnson.[16] Around or after 12 noon, the president takes the oath of office, usually administered by the Chief Justice of the United States, and then delivers the inaugural address.

text: Oaths of office[edit]

text:
Barack Obama takes the oath of office from Chief Justice John Roberts during his 2009 presidential inauguration on January 20, 2009.

First inauguration of Barack Obama (January 20, 2009)

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Video of the First inauguration of Barack Obama.

First inauguration of Barack Obama (January 20, 2009)

audio only version

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text: The vice president-elect is sworn into office at the same ceremony as the president-elect; a practice begun in 1937. Before then, the vice presidential oath was administered in the Senate Chamber (in keeping with the vice president's position as President of the Senate). The vice-president-elect recites the oath first. Immediately afterwards, the United States Marine Band will perform four ruffles and flourishes, followed by Hail, Columbia. Unlike the presidential oath, however, the Constitution does not specify specific words that must be spoken. Several variants of the oath have been used since 1789. The current form, which is also recited by Senators, Representatives, and other government officers, has been in use since 1884:

text:
“
I, <full name>, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support and defend the Constitution of the United States against all enemies, foreign and domestic; that I will bear true faith and allegiance to the same; that I take this obligation freely, without any mental reservation or purpose of evasion; and that I will well and faithfully discharge the duties of the office on which I am about to enter. So help me God.[17]
”

text: At noon, the new presidential and vice presidential terms begin. At about that time, the president-elect takes the oath of office, traditionally administered by the Chief Justice of the United States, using the form mandated in Article II, Section 1 of the United States Constitution:

text:
“
I, <full name>, do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States.
”

text: According to Washington Irving's biography of George Washington, after reciting the oath at his (and the nation's) first inauguration, Washington added the words "so help me God".[18] However, the only contemporaneous source that fully reproduced Washington's oath completely lacks the religious codicil.[19] The first newspaper report that actually described the exact words used in an oath of office, Chester Arthur's in 1881,[20] repeated the "query-response" method where the words, "so help me God" were a personal prayer, not a part of the constitutional oath. The time of adoption of the current procedure, where both the chief justice and the president speak the oath, is unknown.

text: The oath of office was administered to Washington in 1789 by Robert Livingston, Chancellor of New York State. Four years later, the oath was administered by Supreme Court Associate Justice William Cushing. Since the 1797 inauguration of John Adams it has become customary for the new president to be sworn into office by the Supreme Court's Chief Justice. Others have administered the oath on occasions when a new president assumed office intra-term due to the incumbent's death or resignation. William Cranch, chief judge of the U.S. Circuit Court, administered the oath of office to John Tyler in 1841 when he succeeded to the presidency upon William Henry Harrison's death, and to Millard Fillmore in 1850 when Zachary Taylor died. In 1923, upon being informed of Warren Harding's death, while visiting his family home in Plymouth Notch, Vermont, Calvin Coolidge was sworn in as president by his father, John Calvin Coolidge, Sr., a notary public.[21][22] Most recently, Federal Judge Sarah T. Hughes administered the oath of office to Lyndon B. Johnson aboard Air Force One after John F. Kennedy's assassination on November 22, 1963.

text: Since 1789 there have been 58 inaugural ceremonies to mark the commencement of a new four-year term of a president of the United States, and an additional nine marking the start of a partial presidential term following the intra-term death or resignation of an incumbent president. With the 2017 inauguration of Donald Trump, the oath has been taken 75 different times by 44 persons. This numerical discrepancy results chiefly from two factors: a president must take the oath at the beginning of each term of office, and, because the day of inauguration has sometimes fallen on a Sunday, five presidents have taken the oath privately before the public inaugural ceremonies. In addition, three have repeated the oath as a precaution against potential later constitutional challenges.[15]

text: There is no requirement that any book, or in particular a book of sacred text, be used to administer the oath, and none is mentioned in the Constitution. By convention, incoming presidents raise their right hand and place the left on a Bible or other book while taking the oath of office. While most have, Theodore Roosevelt did not use a Bible when taking the oath in 1901;[23] neither did John Quincy Adams in 1825.[24] In 1853, Franklin Pierce affirmed the oath of office rather than swear it.[25] More recently, a Catholic missal was used for Lyndon Johnson's 1963 swearing in ceremony.[26][27]

text: Bibles of historical significance have sometimes been used at inaugurations. George H. W. Bush, Jimmy Carter and Dwight D. Eisenhower used the George Washington Inaugural Bible. Barack Obama placed his hand upon the Lincoln Bible for his oaths in 2009 and 2013,[28] as did Donald Trump in 2017.[29]

text:
Four ruffles and flourishes played before "Hail to the Chief"

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text: Immediately after the presidential oath, the United States Marine Band will perform four ruffles and flourishes, followed by Hail to the Chief, while simultaneously, a 21-gun salute is fired using artillery pieces from the Presidential Guns Salute Battery, 3d United States Infantry Regiment "The Old Guard" located in Taft Park, north of the Capitol. The actual gun salute begins with the first ruffle and flourish, and 'run long' (i.e. the salute concludes after Hail to the Chief has ended). The Marine Band, which is believed to have made its inaugural debut in 1801 for Thomas Jefferson's first inauguration, is the only musical unit to participate in all three components of the Presidential inauguration: the swearing-in ceremony, the inaugural parade, and an inaugural ball. During the ceremony, the band is positioned directly below the presidential podium at the U.S. Capitol.[30]

text: Inaugural address[edit]

text:
Inaugural Address of President Donald Trump.

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The inaugural address, in full, made by Donald Trump after being sworn in as the 45th President of the United States on January 20, 2017.

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text: Newly sworn-in presidents usually give a speech referred to as an inaugural address. As with many inaugural customs, this one was started by George Washington in 1789. After taking his oath of office on the balcony of Federal Hall, he proceeded to the Senate chamber where he read a speech before members of Congress and other dignitaries. Every President since Washington has delivered an Inaugural address. While many of the early Presidents read their addresses before taking the oath, current custom dictates that the chief justice administer the oath first, followed by the president's speech.[8] William McKinley requested the change in 1897, so that he could reiterate the words of the oath at the close of his first inaugural address.

text: William Henry Harrison delivered the longest inaugural address, at 8,445 words, in 1841. John Adams' 1797 address, which totaled 2,308 words, contained the longest sentence, at 737 words. In 1793, Washington gave the shortest inaugural address on record, just 135 words.[8]

text: Most presidents use their inaugural address to present their vision of America and to set forth their goals for the nation. Some of the most eloquent and powerful speeches are still quoted today. In 1865, in the waning days of the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln stated, "With malice toward none, with charity for all, with firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations." In 1933, Franklin D. Roosevelt avowed, "we have nothing to fear but fear itself." And in 1961, John F. Kennedy declared, "And so my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you – ask what you can do for your country."[8]

text: On the eight occasions where the new president succeeded to the office upon their predecessor's death intra-term, none gave an address, but each did address Congress soon thereafter.[16] When Gerald Ford became president in 1974, following the resignation of Richard Nixon, he addressed the nation after taking the oath, but he characterized his speech as "Not an inaugural address, not a fireside chat, not a campaign speech—just a little straight talk among friends."[31]

text: Prayers[edit]

text: Since 1937, the ceremony has incorporated one or more prayers.[32][33] Since 1933 an associated prayer service either public or private attended by the President-elect has often taken place on the morning of the day.[34] At times a major public or broadcast prayer service takes place after the main ceremony most recently on the next day.[35]

text: Poems[edit]

text: Five inaugural ceremonies since 1961 have included a reading by a poet.[36] The following poetry readings have taken place:

text:
1961 inauguration of John F. Kennedy: Robert Frost read his poem "The Gift Outright"[37]
1993 First inauguration of Bill Clinton: Maya Angelou read her poem "On the Pulse of Morning"[38]
1997 second inauguration of Bill Clinton: Miller Williams read his poem "Of History and Hope"[39]
2009 first inauguration of Barack Obama: Elizabeth Alexander read her poem "Praise Song for the Day"[40]
2013 second inauguration of Barack Obama: Richard Blanco read his poem "One Today"[41]

text: Other elements[edit]

text: Over the years, various inauguration traditions have arisen that have expanded the event from a simple oath-taking ceremony to a day-long one, including parades, speeches, and balls. In fact, contemporary inaugural celebrations typically span 10 days, from five days before the inauguration to five days after. On some occasions however, either due to the preferences of the new president or to other constraining circumstances, they have been scaled back. Such was the case in 1945, because of rationing in effect during World War II. More recently, in 1973, the celebrations marking Richard Nixon's second inauguration were altered because of the death of former President Lyndon B. Johnson two days after the ceremony. All pending events were cancelled so preparations for Johnson's state funeral could begin. Because of the construction work on the center steps of the East Front, Johnson's casket was taken up the Senate wing steps of the Capitol when taken into the rotunda to lie in state.[42] When it was brought out, it came out through the House wing steps of the Capitol.[42]

text: Congressional luncheon[edit]

text: Since 1953, the president and vice president have been guests of honor at a luncheon held by the leadership of the United States Congress immediately following the inaugural ceremony. The luncheon is held in Statuary Hall and is organized by the Joint Congressional Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, and attended by the leadership of both houses of Congress as well as guests of the president and vice president. By tradition, the outgoing president and vice president do not attend.

text: Inaugural parade[edit]

text: Following the arrival of the presidential entourage to the White House, it is customary for the president, vice-president, their respective families and leading members of the government and military to review an inaugural parade from an enclosed stand at the edge of the North Lawn, a custom begun by James Garfield in 1881. The parade, which proceeds along the 1.5 miles of Pennsylvania Avenue in front of the stand and the Front Lawn in view of the presidential party, features both military and civilian participants from all 50 states and the District of Columbia; this parade largely evolved from the post-inaugural procession to the White House, and occurred as far back as Jefferson's second inauguration in 1805, when workers from the Washington Navy Yard, accompanied by military music, marched with the president[43] on foot as he rode on horseback from the Capitol to the White House. By the time of William Henry Harrison's inauguration in 1841, political clubs and marching societies would regularly travel to Washington for the parade. That year was also the first in which floats were part of the parade. It was at Lincoln's second inauguration, in 1865, that Native Americans and African Americans participated in the inaugural parade for the first time.[44] Women were involved for the first time in 1917.[45]

text: In 1829, following his first inaugural parade, Andrew Jackson held a public reception at the White House, during which 20,000 people created such a crush that Jackson had to escape through a window. Nevertheless, White House receptions continued until lengthy afternoon parades created scheduling problems. Reviving the idea in 1989, President George H. W. Bush invited the public to a "White House American Welcome" on the day after the inaugural.[46]

text: Grover Cleveland’s 1885 inaugural parade lasted three hours and showcased 25,000 marchers. Eighty years later, Lyndon Johnson’s parade included 52 select bands.[46] Dwight D. Eisenhower's 1953 parade included about 22,000 service men and women and 5,000 civilians, which included 50 state and organization floats costing $100,000. There were also 65 musical units, 350 horses, 3 elephants, an Alaskan dog team, and the 280-millimeter atomic cannon.[47]

text: In 1977, Jimmy Carter became the first president to set out by foot for more than a mile on the route to the White House. The walk has become a tradition that has been matched in ceremony if not in length by the presidents who followed.[48]

text: Twice during the 20th century an inaugural parade down Pennsylvania Avenue was not held. In 1945, at the height of World War II, Franklin D. Roosevelt's fourth Inauguration was simple and austere with no fanfare or formal celebration following the event. There was no parade because of gas rationing and a lumber shortage.[49] In 1985, as temperatures hovered near zero, all outdoor events for Ronald Reagan's second inauguration were canceled or moved indoors.[43] The obverse had been the case four years earlier for Reagan's first inauguration, as the noontime temperature was an unseasonably 55 degrees.[45] That parade was held as breaking news spread across Washington, D.C. and the rest of the nation that the 52 American hostages held in Iran for the previous 444 days had been released.

text: Prayer service[edit]

text: A tradition of a national prayer service, usually the day after the inauguration, dates back to George Washington and since Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the prayer service has been held at the Washington National Cathedral.[50] This is not the same as the Inaugural Prayer, a tradition also begun by Washington, when on June 1, 1789, Methodist Bishops Francis Asbury and Thomas Coke, Rev. John Dickins, the pastor of Old St. George's (America's oldest Methodist Church) and Major Thomas Morrell, one of President Washington’s former aides-de-camp called upon Washington in New York City.[51] This tradition resumed in 1985 with President Reagan and continues under the auspices of a Presidential Inaugural Prayer Committee based at Old St. George's.

text: Inaugural balls[edit]

text: The first Inaugural Ball was held on the night of James Madison's first inauguration in 1809. Tickets were $4 and it took place at Long’s Hotel.[45]

text: Security[edit]

text: The security for the inaugural celebrations is a complex matter, involving the Secret Service, Department of Homeland Security, Federal Protective Service (DHS-FPS), all five branches of the Armed Forces, the Capitol Police, the United States Park Police (USPP), and the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia (MPDC). Federal law enforcement agencies also sometimes request assistance from various other state and local law-enforcement agencies throughout the United States.

text: Presidential medals[edit]

text: Beginning with George Washington, there has been a traditional association with Inauguration festivities and the production of a presidential medal. With the District of Columbia attracting thousands of attendees for inauguration, presidential medals were an inexpensive souvenir for the tourists to remember the occasion. However, the once-simple trinket turned into an official presidential election memento. In 1901, the first Inauguration Committee[52] on Medals and Badges was established as part of the official Inauguration Committee for the re-election of President McKinley. The Committee saw official medals as a way to raise funding for the festivities. Gold medals were to be produced as gifts for the president, vice president, and committee chair; silver medals were to be created and distributed among Inauguration Committee members; and bronze medals would be for sale for public consumption. McKinley's medal was simple with his portrait on one side and writing on the other side.[53]

text: Unlike his predecessor, when Theodore Roosevelt took his oath of office in 1905, he found the previous presidential medal unacceptable. As an art lover and admirer of the ancient Greek high-relief coins, Roosevelt wanted more than a simple medal—he wanted a work of art. To achieve this goal, the president hired Augustus Saint-Gaudens, a famous American sculptor, to design and create his inauguration medal. Saint-Gaudens's obsession with perfection resulted in a forestalled release and the medals were distributed after the actual inauguration. Nonetheless, President Roosevelt was very pleased with the result. Saint Gardens' design, executed by Adolph A. Weinman, was cast by Tiffany & Company and was proclaimed an artistic triumph.[54] Saint-Gaudens' practice of creating a portrait sculpture of the newly elected president is still used today in presidential medal creation. After the president sits for the sculptor, the resulting clay sketch is turned into a life mask and plaster model. Finishing touches are added and the epoxy cast that is created is used to produce the die cuts. The die cuts are then used to strike the president's portrait on each medal.[55]

text: From 1929 through 1949, the official medal was struck by the U.S. Mint. This changed in 1953 when the Medallic Art Company was chosen to strike Walker Hancock's portrait of President Eisenhower. The official medals have been struck by private mints ever since.[54] The Smithsonian Institution and The George Washington University hold the two most complete collections of presidential medals in the United States.

text: List of inaugural ceremonies[edit]

text: The 58 inaugural ceremonies marking the start of a new four-year presidential term of office and also the nine marking the start of a partial presidential term following the intra-term death or resignation of an incumbent president are listed in the table below.

text:
No.
Date
Event[a]
Location
Oath Administered by
Address length[56]

01 !1st
000000001789-04-30-0000April 30, 1789
(Thursday)
washingtona !First inauguration of George Washington
Front balcony,
Federal Hall
New York, New York
livingston !Robert Livingston,
Chancellor of New York
1431 words
Full text

02 !2nd
000000001793-03-04-0000March 4, 1793
(Monday)
washingtonb !Second inauguration of George Washington
Senate Chamber,
Congress Hall
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
cushing !William Cushing,
Associate Justice, U.S. Supreme Court
135 words
Full text

03 !3rd
000000001797-03-04-0000March 4, 1797
(Saturday)
adamsa !Inauguration of John Adams
House Chamber,
Congress Hall
ellsworth !Oliver Ellsworth,
Chief Justice of the United States
2308 words
Full text

04 !4th
000000001801-03-04-0000March 4, 1801
(Wednesday)
jeffersona !First inauguration of Thomas Jefferson
Senate Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
Washington, D.C.
marshalla !John Marshall,
Chief Justice of the United States
1730 words
Full text

05 !5th
000000001805-03-04-0000March 4, 1805
(Monday)
jeffersonb !Second inauguration of Thomas Jefferson
Senate Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
marshallb !John Marshall,
Chief Justice
2166 words
Full text

06 !6th
000000001809-03-04-0000March 4, 1809
(Saturday)
madisona !First inauguration of James Madison
House Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
marshallc !John Marshall,
Chief Justice
1177 words
Full text

07 !7th
000000001813-03-04-0000March 4, 1813
(Thursday)
madisonb !Second inauguration of James Madison
House Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
marshalld !John Marshall,
Chief Justice
1211 words
Full text

08 !8th
000000001817-03-04-0000March 4, 1817
(Tuesday)
monroea !First inauguration of James Monroe
Front steps,
Old Brick Capitol
marshalle !John Marshall,
Chief Justice
3375 words
Full text

09 !9th
000000001821-03-05-0000March 5, 1821[b]
(Monday)
monroeb !Second inauguration of James Monroe
House Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
marshallf !John Marshall,
Chief Justice
4472 words
Full text

10 !10th
000000001825-03-04-0000March 4, 1825
(Friday)
adamsq !Inauguration of John Quincy Adams
House Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
marshallg !John Marshall,
Chief Justice
2915 words
Full text

11 !11th
000000001829-03-04-0000March 4, 1829
(Wednesday)
jacksona !First inauguration of Andrew Jackson
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
marshallh !John Marshall,
Chief Justice
1128 words
Full text

12 !12th
000000001833-03-04-0000March 4, 1833
(Monday)
jacksonb !Second inauguration of Andrew Jackson
House Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
marshalli !John Marshall,
Chief Justice
1176 words
Full text

13 !13th
000000001837-03-04-0000March 4, 1837
(Saturday)
vanburen !Inauguration of Martin Van Buren
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
tanneya !Roger B. Taney,
Chief Justice of the United States
3843 words
Full text

14 !14th
000000001841-03-04-0000March 4, 1841
(Thursday)
harrisonw !Inauguration of William Henry Harrison
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
tanneyb !Roger B. Taney,
Chief Justice
8640 words
Full text

80 !
—

000000001841-04-06-0000April 6, 1841[c]
(Tuesday)
tyler !Inauguration of John Tyler
(Extraordinary inauguration)
Brown’s Indian Queen Hotel,
Washington, D.C.
crancha !William Cranch
Chief Judge, U.S. Circuit Court of the District of Columbia

—

15 !15th
000000001845-03-04-0000March 4, 1845
(Tuesday)
polk !Inauguration of James K. Polk
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
tanneyc !Roger B. Taney,
Chief Justice
4809 words
Full text

16 !16th
000000001849-03-05-0000March 5, 1849[b]
(Monday)
taylor !Inauguration of Zachary Taylor
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
tanneyd !Roger B. Taney,
Chief Justice
1090 words
Full text

81 !
—

000000001850-07-10-0000July 10, 1850[d]
(Wednesday)
fillmore !Inauguration of Millard Fillmore
(Extraordinary inauguration)
House Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
cranchb !William Cranch
Circuit Court Judge

—

17 !17th
000000001853-03-04-0000March 4, 1853
(Friday)
pierce !Inauguration of Franklin Pierce
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
tanneye !Roger B. Taney,
Chief Justice
3336 words
Full text

18 !18th
000000001857-03-04-0000March 4, 1857
(Wednesday)
buchanan !Inauguration of James Buchanan
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
tanneyf !Roger B. Taney,
Chief Justice
2831 words
Full text

19 !19th
000000001861-03-04-0000March 4, 1861
(Monday)
lincolna !First inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
tanneyg !Roger B. Taney,
Chief Justice
3637 words
Full text

20 !20th
000000001865-03-04-0000March 4, 1865
(Saturday)
lincolnb !Second inauguration of Abraham Lincoln
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
chasea !Salmon P. Chase,
Chief Justice of the United States
700 words
Full text

82 !
—

000000001865-04-15-0000April 15, 1865
(Saturday)
johnsona !Inauguration of Andrew Johnson
(Extraordinary inauguration)
Kirkwood House Hotel,
Washington, D.C.
chaseb !Salmon P. Chase,
Chief Justice

—

21 !21st
000000001869-03-04-0000March 4, 1869
(Thursday)
granta !First inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
chasec !Salmon P. Chase,
Chief Justice
1127 words
Full text

22 !22nd
000000001873-03-04-0000March 4, 1873
(Tuesday)
grantb !Second inauguration of Ulysses S. Grant
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
chased !Salmon P. Chase
Chief Justice
1339 words
Full text

23 !23rd
000000001877-03-05-0000March 5, 1877[b]
(Monday)
hayes !Inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
waitea !Morrison Waite,
Chief Justice of the United States
2486 words
Full text

24 !24th
000000001881-03-04-0000March 4, 1881
(Friday)
garfield !Inauguration of James A. Garfield
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
waiteb !Morrison Waite,
Chief Justice
2979 words
Full text

83 !
—

000000001881-09-20-0000September 20, 1881[e]
(Tuesday)
arthur !Inauguration of Chester A. Arthur
(Extraordinary inauguration)
Chester A. Arthur Home,
New York, New York
brady !John R. Brady,
Justice of the New York Supreme Court

—

25 !25th
000000001885-03-04-0000March 4, 1885
(Wednesday)
clevelanda !First inauguration of Grover Cleveland
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
waitec !Morrison Waite,
Chief Justice
1686 words
Full text

26 !26th
000000001889-03-04-0000March 4, 1889
(Monday)
harrisonb !Inauguration of Benjamin Harrison
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
fullera !Melville Fuller,
Chief Justice of the United States
4392 words
Full text

27 !27th
000000001893-03-04-0000March 4, 1893
(Saturday)
clevelandb !Second inauguration of Grover Cleveland
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
fullerb !Melville Fuller,
Chief Justice
2015 words
Full text

28 !28th
000000001897-03-04-0000March 4, 1897
(Thursday)
mckinleya !First inauguration of William McKinley
Front of original Senate Wing
U.S. Capitol
fullerc !Melville Fuller,
Chief Justice
3968 words
Full text

29 !29th
000000001901-03-04-0000March 4, 1901
(Monday)
mckinleyb !Second inauguration of William McKinley
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
fullerd !Melville Fuller,
Chief Justice
2218 words
Full text

84 !
—

000000001901-09-14-0000September 14, 1901
(Saturday)
rooseveltta !First inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt
(Extraordinary inauguration)
Ainsley Wilcox Home,
Buffalo, New York
hazel !John R. Hazel,
Judge, U.S. District Court for the Western District of New York

—

30 !30th
000000001905-03-04-0000March 4, 1905
(Saturday)
roosevelttb !Second inauguration of Theodore Roosevelt
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
fullere !Melville Fuller,
Chief Justice
984 words
Full text

31 !31st
000000001909-03-04-0000March 4, 1909
(Thursday)
taft !Inauguration of William Howard Taft
Senate Chamber,
U.S. Capitol
fullerf !Melville Fuller,
Chief Justice
5434 words
Full text

32 !32nd
000000001913-03-04-0000March 4, 1913
(Tuesday)
wilsona !First inauguration of Woodrow Wilson
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
whitea !Edward D. White,
Chief Justice of the United States
1704 words
Full text

33 !33rd
000000001917-03-05-0000March 5, 1917[b]
(Monday)
wilsonb !Second inauguration of Woodrow Wilson
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
whiteb !Edward D. White
Chief Justice
1526 words
Full text

34 !34th
000000001921-03-04-0000March 4, 1921
(Friday)
harding !Inauguration of Warren G. Harding
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
whitec !Edward D. White
Chief Justice
3329 words
Full text

85 !
—

000000001923-08-03-0000August 3, 1923[f]
(Friday)
coolidgea !First inauguration of Calvin Coolidge
(Extraordinary inauguration)
Coolidge Homestead,
Plymouth Notch, Vermont
coolidge !John Calvin Coolidge
Notary public

—

35 !35th
000000001925-03-04-0000March 4, 1925
(Wednesday)
coolidgeb !Second inauguration of Calvin Coolidge
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
tafta !William Howard Taft
Chief Justice of the United States
4055 words
Full text

36 !36th
000000001929-03-04-0000March 4, 1929
(Monday)
hoover !Inauguration of Herbert Hoover
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
taftb !William H. Taft
Chief Justice
3672 words
Full text

37 !37th
000000001933-03-04-0000March 4, 1933
(Saturday)
rooseveltfa !First inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
hughesa !Charles E. Hughes
Chief Justice of the United States
1880 words
Full text

38 !38th
000000001937-01-20-0000January 20, 1937
(Wednesday)
rooseveltfb !Second inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
hughesb !Charles E. Hughes
Chief Justice
1800 words
Full text

39 !39th
000000001941-01-20-0000January 20, 1941
(Monday)
rooseveltfc !Third inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
hughesc !Charles E. Hughes
Chief Justice
1359 words
Full text

40 !40th
000000001945-01-20-0000January 20, 1945
(Saturday)
rooseveltfd !Fourth inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
South Portico,
White House
stonea !Harlan F. Stone
Chief Justice of the United States
559 words
Full text

86 !
—

000000001945-04-12-0000April 12, 1945
(Thursday)
trumana !First inauguration of Harry S. Truman
(Extraordinary inauguration)
Cabinet Room,
White House
stoneb !Harlan F. Stone
Chief Justice

—

41 !41st
000000001949-01-20-0000January 20, 1949
(Thursday)
trumanb !Second inauguration of Harry S. Truman
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
vinsona !Fred M. Vinson
Chief Justice of the United States
2273 words
Full text

42 !42nd
000000001953-01-20-0000January 20, 1953
(Tuesday)
eisenhowera !First inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
vinsonb !Fred M. Vinson
Chief Justice
2459 words
Full text

43 !43rd
000000001957-01-21-0000January 21, 1957[g]
(Monday)
eisenhowerb !Second inauguration of Dwight D. Eisenhower
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
warrena !Earl Warren
Chief Justice of the United States
1658 words
Full text

44 !44th
000000001961-01-20-0000January 20, 1961
(Friday)
kennedy !Inauguration of John F. Kennedy
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
warrenb !Earl Warren
Chief Justice
1366 words
Full text

87 !
—

000000001963-11-22-0000November 22, 1963
(Friday)
johnsonla !First inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson
(Extraordinary inauguration)
Air Force One,
Dallas Love Field,
Dallas, Texas
hughes !Sarah T. Hughes
Judge, U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas

—

45 !45th
000000001965-01-20-0000January 20, 1965
(Wednesday)
johnsonlb !Second inauguration of Lyndon B. Johnson
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
warrenc !Earl Warren
Chief Justice
1507 words
Full text

46 !46th
000000001969-01-20-0000January 20, 1969
(Monday)
nixona !First inauguration of Richard Nixon
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
warrend !Earl Warren
Chief Justice
2128 words
Full text

47 !47th
000000001973-01-20-0000January 20, 1973
(Saturday)
nixonb !Second inauguration of Richard Nixon
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
burgera !Warren Burger
Chief Justice of the United States
1803 words
Full text

88 !
—

000000001974-08-09-0000August 9, 1974
(Friday)
ford !Inauguration of Gerald Ford
(Extraordinary inauguration)
East Room,
White House
burgerb !Warren Burger
Chief Justice

—[h]

48 !48th
000000001977-01-20-0000January 20, 1977
(Thursday)
carter !Inauguration of Jimmy Carter
East Portico,
U.S. Capitol
burgerc !Warren Burger
Chief Justice
1229 words
Full text

49 !49th
000000001981-01-20-0000January 20, 1981
(Tuesday)
reagana !First inauguration of Ronald Reagan
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
burgerd !Warren Burger
Chief Justice
2427 words
Full text

50 !50th
000000001985-01-21-0000January 21, 1985[g]
(Monday)
reaganb !Second inauguration of Ronald Reagan
Rotunda,
U.S. Capitol
burgere !Warren Burger
Chief Justice
2561 words
Full text

51 !51st
000000001989-01-20-0000January 20, 1989
(Friday)
bushh !Inauguration of George H. W. Bush
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
rehnquista !William Rehnquist
Chief Justice of the United States
2320 words
Full text

52 !52nd
000000001993-01-20-0000January 20, 1993
(Wednesday)
clintona !First inauguration of Bill Clinton
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
rehnquistb !William Rehnquist
Chief Justice
1598 words
Full text

53 !53rd
000000001997-01-20-0000January 20, 1997
(Monday)
clintonb !Second inauguration of Bill Clinton
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
rehnquistc !William Rehnquist
Chief Justice
2155 words
Full text

54 !54th
000000002001-01-20-0000January 20, 2001
(Saturday)
bushwa !First inauguration of George W. Bush
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
rehnquistd !William Rehnquist
Chief Justice
1592 words
Full text

55 !55th
000000002005-01-20-0000January 20, 2005
(Thursday)
bushwb !Second inauguration of George W. Bush
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
rehnquiste !William Rehnquist
Chief Justice
2071 words
Full text

56 !56th
000000002009-01-20-0000January 20, 2009
(Tuesday)
obamaa !First inauguration of Barack Obama
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
robertsa !John Roberts
Chief Justice of the United States
2395 words
Full text

57 !57th
000000002013-01-21-0000January 21, 2013[g]
(Monday)
obamab !Second inauguration of Barack Obama
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
robertsb !John Roberts
Chief Justice
2096 words
Full text

58 !58th
000000002017-01-20-0000January 20, 2017
(Friday)
trump !Inauguration of Donald Trump
West Front,
U.S. Capitol
robertsc !John Roberts
Chief Justice
1433 words
Full text

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Events (Inaugurations) sort alphabetically by president's last name.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Term began Sunday, March 4.
Jump up ^ Term began when President Harrison died on April 4.
Jump up ^ Term began when President Taylor died on July 9.
Jump up ^ Term began when President Garfield died on September 19.
Jump up ^ Term began when President Harding died on August 2.
^ Jump up to: a b c Term began Sunday, January 20.
Jump up ^ After taking the oath of office, Ford delivered a speech that he said was "not an inaugural address, not a fireside chat, not a campaign speech – just a little straight talk among friends." Full text


document_title: List of most-viewed YouTube videos

question_text: whats the most viewed video on you tube

question_tokens: whats the most viewed video on you tube

root

text: List of most-viewed YouTube videos

text: Top videos

text: The following table lists the top 100 most viewed videos on YouTube, with each total rounded to the nearest 10 million views, as well as the creator and date of publication to YouTube.[A]

tag: p

text:
Rank
Video name
Uploader / artist
Views (billions)
Upload date
Notes

1.
"Despacito"[8]
Luis Fonsi featuring Daddy Yankee
4.85
January 12, 2017
[B]

2.
"See You Again"[13]
Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth
3.41
April 6, 2015
[C]

3.
"Shape of You"[20]
Ed Sheeran
3.26
January 30, 2017
[D]

4.
"Gangnam Style"[21]
Psy
3.10
July 15, 2012
[E]

5.
"Uptown Funk"[26]
Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
2.96
November 19, 2014

6.
"Sorry"[27]
Justin Bieber
2.89
October 22, 2015

7.
"Masha and the Bear: Recipe for Disaster"[28]
Get Movies
2.85
January 31, 2012
[F]

8.
"Sugar"[29]
Maroon 5
2.52
January 14, 2015

9.
"Shake It Off"[30]
Taylor Swift
2.51
August 18, 2014

10.
"Bailando"[31]
Enrique Iglesias featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente De Zona
2.47
April 11, 2014

11.
"Roar"[32]
Katy Perry
2.42
September 5, 2013

12.
"Lean On"[33]
Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ
2.27
March 22, 2015

13.
"Blank Space"[34]
Taylor Swift
2.26
November 10, 2014

14.
"Dark Horse"[35]
Katy Perry featuring Juicy J
2.24
February 20, 2014

15.
"Hello"[36]
Adele
2.24
October 22, 2015
[G]

16.
"All About That Bass"[38]
Meghan Trainor
2.17
June 11, 2014

17.
"Thinking Out Loud"[39]
Ed Sheeran
2.14
October 7, 2014

18.
"Counting Stars"[40]
OneRepublic
2.13
May 31, 2013

19.
"Chantaje"[41]
Shakira featuring Maluma
2.10
November 18, 2016

20.
"Wheels on the Bus"[42]
LittleBabyBum
2.07
August 9, 2014

21.
"Closer (Lyric video)"[43]
The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
2.01
July 29, 2016
[H]

22.
"This Is What You Came For"[44]
Calvin Harris featuring Rihanna
1.93
June 16, 2016

23.
"What Do You Mean?"[45]
Justin Bieber
1.87
August 30, 2015

24.
"Baby"[46]
Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris
1.82
February 19, 2010
[I]

25.
"Chandelier"[49]
Sia
1.80
May 6, 2014

26.
"Work from Home"[50]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla $ign
1.79
February 26, 2016

27.
"Let Her Go"[51]
Passenger
1.78
July 25, 2012

28.
"Rockabye"[52]
Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul & Anne-Marie
1.77
October 21, 2016

29.
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"[53]
Shakira featuring Freshlyground
1.73
June 4, 2010

30.
"We Don't Talk Anymore"[54]
Charlie Puth featuring Selena Gomez
1.70
August 2, 2016

31.
"Love Me Like You Do"[55]
Ellie Goulding
1.68
January 22, 2015

32.
"Mi Gente"[56]
J Balvin and Willy William
1.63
June 29, 2017

33.
"Faded"[57]
Alan Walker
1.57
December 3, 2015

34.
"Worth It"[58]
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink
1.53
March 28, 2015

35.
"Treat You Better"[59]
Shawn Mendes
1.52
July 12, 2016

36.
"Love the Way You Lie"[60]
Eminem featuring Rihanna
1.48
August 5, 2010

37.
"Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)"[61]
Silentó
1.47
June 25, 2015

38.
"Rude"[62]
Magic!
1.46
December 5, 2013

39.
"Ay Vamos"[63]
J Balvin
1.45
August 29, 2014

40.
"Wake Me Up"[64]
Avicii featuring Aloe Blacc
1.45
July 29, 2013

41.
"Party Rock Anthem"[65]
LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock
1.43
March 8, 2011

42.
"Johny Johny Yes Papa"[66]
ChuChu TV
1.39
November 14, 2014
[J]

43.
"Let It Go"[68]
Idina Menzel
1.38
January 30, 2014
[K]

44.
"Vente Pa' Ca"[70]
Ricky Martin featuring Maluma
1.37
September 22, 2016

45.
"Hotline Bling"[71]
Drake
1.35
October 26, 2015

46.
"Propuesta Indecente"[72]
Romeo Santos
1.33
September 9, 2013

47.
"The Lazy Song"[73]
Bruno Mars
1.31
April 15, 2011

48.
"Starboy"[74]
The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk
1.31
September 28, 2016

49.
"Love Yourself"[75]
Justin Bieber
1.31
November 14, 2015

50.
"All of Me"[76]
John Legend
1.28
October 2, 2013

51.
"Rolling in the Deep"[77]
Adele
1.28
November 30, 2010

52.
"Hasta el Amanecer"[78]
Nicky Jam
1.28
January 14, 2016

53.
"Felices los 4"[79]
Maluma
1.27
April 21, 2017

54.
"Side to Side"[80]
Ariana Grande featuring Nicki Minaj
1.26
August 29, 2016

55.
"Stressed Out"[81]
Twenty One Pilots
1.25
April 27, 2015

56.
"The Gummy Bear Song"[82]
icanrockyourworld
1.24
October 9, 2007
[L]

57.
"Reggaetón Lento (Bailemos)"[83]
CNCO
1.24
October 8, 2016

58.
"Burn"[84]
Ellie Goulding
1.21
July 7, 2013

59.
"How Deep Is Your Love"[85]
Calvin Harris featuring Disciples
1.19
August 6, 2015

60.
"Summer"[86]
Calvin Harris
1.19
April 6, 2014

61.
"Hey Mama"[87]
David Guetta featuring Nicki Minaj, Bebe Rexha and Afrojack
1.19
May 19, 2015

62.
"The Hills"[88]
The Weeknd
1.18
May 27, 2015

63.
"On the Floor"[89]
Jennifer Lopez featuring Pitbull
1.18
March 3, 2011

64.
"Bad Blood"[90]
Taylor Swift featuring Kendrick Lamar
1.18
May 17, 2015

65.
"That's What I Like"[91]
Bruno Mars
1.18
March 2, 2017

66.
"Picky"[92]
Joey Montana
1.18
June 29, 2015

67.
"Thrift Shop"[93]
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz
1.16
August 29, 2012

68.
"Huge Eggs Surprise Toys Challenge"[94]
Ryan ToysReview
1.16
April 13, 2016

69.
"Shaky Shaky"[95]
Daddy Yankee
1.16
July 14, 2016

70.
"Andas en Mi Cabeza"[96]
Chino & Nacho featuring Daddy Yankee
1.15
April 20, 2016

71.
"Gentleman"[97]
Psy
1.15
April 13, 2013

72.
"Diamonds"[98]
Rihanna
1.14
November 8, 2012

73.
"Criminal"[99]
Natti Natasha featuring Ozuna
1.14
August 18, 2017

74.
"Animals"[100]
Martin Garrix
1.13
June 17, 2013

75.
"Bang Bang"[101]
Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj
1.12
August 25, 2014

76.
"El Perdón"[102]
Nicky Jam featuring Enrique Iglesias
1.11
March 23, 2015

77.
"El Perdedor"[103]
Maluma
1.11
April 22, 2016

78.
"La Bicicleta"[104]
Carlos Vives and Shakira
1.11
July 8, 2016

79.
"El Pollito Pio"[105]
pulcinopiotv
1.10
November 29, 2012

80.
"Problem"[106]
Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea
1.09
May 30, 2014

81.
"Firework"[107]
Katy Perry
1.08
October 28, 2010

82.
"Just the Way You Are"[108]
Bruno Mars
1.07
September 8, 2010

83.
"Ahora Dice"[109]
Chris Jeday featuring J Balvin, Ozuna and Arcángel
1.06
March 19, 2017

84.
"Not Afraid"[110]
Eminem
1.06
June 4, 2010

85.
"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"[111]
Katy Perry
1.06
June 12, 2011

86.
"El Amante"[112]
Nicky Jam
1.05
January 15, 2017

87.
"Masha and the Bear: Bon appétit!"[113]
Get Movies
1.04
September 21, 2012

88.
"Someone like You"[114]
Adele
1.03
September 29, 2011

89.
"Call Me Maybe"[115]
Carly Rae Jepsen
1.03
March 1, 2012

90.
"La Gozadera"[116]
Gente de Zona featuring Marc Anthony
1.03
June 5, 2015

91.
"Me Rehúso"[117]
Danny Ocean
1.03
September 18, 2016

92.
"La Mordidita"[118]
Ricky Martin featuring Yotuel
1.03
June 12, 2015

93.
"Somebody That I Used to Know"[119]
Gotye featuring Kimbra
1.03
July 5, 2011

94.
"Mayores"[120]
Becky G and Bad Bunny
1.03
July 13, 2017

95.
"Axel F"[121]
Crazy Frog
1.02
June 16, 2009

96.
"New Rules"[122]
Dua Lipa
1.02
July 7, 2017

97.
"Swalla"[123]
Jason Derulo featuring Nicki Minaj & Ty Dolla Sign
1.02
March 17, 2017

98.
"Cheap Thrills (Lyric video)"[124]
Sia featuring Sean Paul
1.01
February 11, 2016

99.
"Where Are Ü Now"[125]
Jack Ü and Justin Bieber
1.01
June 29, 2015

100.
"Timber"[126]
Pitbull featuring Kesha
1.00
November 25, 2013

As of February 20, 2018

tag: table

text: By year of release

text: The following table lists the current top 5 most viewed YouTube videos uploaded in each year, with each total rounded to the nearest ten million views, as well as the uploader and date of publication to YouTube.[M]

text: As of February 2018, Katy Perry has the most appearances on the list with five, while Taylor Swift has four and Adele and Bruno Mars have three. Only Linkin Park (2007), Gummibär/icanrockyourworld (2007) and Taylor Swift (2014) have two videos in the top 5 of a single year, with both the English and French versions of Gummibär's The Gummy Bear Song being in the top five videos of 2007.

text:
Year
Video name
Uploader
Views (billions)
Upload date
Notes

2005
[N]
"Life Goes On"[127]
fhearnoiz
0.10
September 22, 2005

"Hurt"[128]
beachbuggy
0.08
December 12, 2005

"Tarzan Boy"[129]
nailofgilead
0.07
November 2, 2005

"Bohemian Rhapsody"[130]
Frozentoast
0.06
September 18, 2005

"Me at the zoo"[131]
jawed
0.05
April 23, 2005
[O]

Combined views (2005)
0.36
[132][133]

2006
[P]
"Galinha Pintadinha - videoclip infantil animado"[134]
Galinha Pintadinha
0.48
December 28, 2006

"Ella y Yo"[135]
JosephIngma
0.33
April 27, 2006

"Evolution of Dance"[136]
Judson Laipply
0.30
April 6, 2006
[Q]

"I Write Sins Not Tragedies"[137]
Fueled By Ramen
0.22
July 18, 2006

"If you are happy"[138]
Alicia Kids!
0.18
September 5, 2006

Combined views (2006)
1.51
[139][140]

2007
[R]
"The Gummy Bear Song"[82]
icanrockyourworld
1.24
October 9, 2007

"Charlie Bit My Finger"[141]
HDCYT
0.86
May 22, 2007
[S]

"Numb"[142]
Linkin Park
0.78
March 4, 2007

"Je m'appelle Funny Bear"[143]
icanrockyourworld
0.35
October 15, 2007

"What I've Done"[144]
Linkin Park
0.34
April 3, 2007

Combined views (2007)
3.57
[139][140]

2008
"Hot n Cold"[145]
KatyPerryVEVO
0.77
October 13, 2008

"Pintinho Amarelinho - DVD Galena Pintadinha"[146]
Galinha Pintadinha
0.52
September 15, 2008

"Bohemian Rhapsody"[147]
Queen Official
0.50
August 1, 2008

"Viva la Vida"[148]
Coldplay Official
0.47
August 4, 2008

"Colgando en tus manos"[149]
Carlos Baute
0.38
October 29, 2008

Combined views (2008)
2.64
[139]

2009
"Axel F"[121]
CrazyFrogVEVO
1.01
June 16, 2009

"November Rain"[150]
GunsNRosesVEVO
0.95
December 24, 2009

"Bad Romance"[151]
LadyGagaVEVO
0.90
November 23, 2009
[T]

"You Belong with Me"[152]
TaylorSwiftVEVO
0.81
June 16, 2009

"Zombie"[153]
TheCranberriesVEVO
0.69
June 16, 2009

Combined views (2009)
4.36
[139]

2010
"Baby"[46]
JustinBieberVEVO
1.82
February 19, 2010
[U]

"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"[53]
shakiraVEVO
1.72
June 4, 2010

"Love the Way You Lie"[60]
EminemVEVO
1.48
August 5, 2010

"Rolling in the Deep"[77]
AdeleVEVO
1.28
November 30, 2010

"Firework"[107]
KatyPerryVEVO
1.08
October 28, 2010

Combined views (2010)
7.38
[139]

2011
"Party Rock Anthem"[65]
LMFAOVEVO
1.42
March 8, 2011

"The Lazy Song"[73]
Bruno Mars
1.31
April 15, 2011

"On the Floor"[89]
JenniferLopezVEVO
1.18
March 3, 2011

"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"[111]
KatyPerryVEVO
1.06
June 12, 2011

"Someone like You"[114]
AdeleVEVO
1.03
September 29, 2011

Combined views (2011)
6.00
[139]

2012
"Gangnam Style"[21]
officialpsy
3.09
July 15, 2012
[V]

"Маша и Медведь - Маша плюс каша"[28]
Get Movies
2.82
January 31, 2012

"Let Her Go"[51]
Passenger
1.77
July 25, 2012

"Thrift Shop"[93]
Macklemore LCC
1.16
August 29, 2012

"Diamonds"[98]
RihannaVEVO
1.14
November 8, 2012

Combined views (2012)
9.98
[139]

2013
"Roar"[32]
KatyPerryVEVO
2.42
September 5, 2013

"Counting Stars"[40]
OneRepublicVEVO
2.12
May 31, 2013

"Rude"[62]
ournameismagicVEVO
1.46
December 5, 2013

"Wake Me Up"[64]
AviciiVEVO
1.44
July 29, 2013

"Propuesta Indecente"[72]
RomeoSantosVEVO
1.33
September 9, 2013

Combined views (2013)
8.77
[139]

2014
"Uptown Funk"[26]
MarkRonsonVEVO
2.94
November 19, 2014

"Shake It Off"[30]
TaylorSwiftVEVO
2.50
August 18, 2014

"Bailando"[31]
EnriqueIglesiasVEVO
2.47
April 11, 2014

"Blank Space"[34]
TaylorSwiftVEVO
2.26
November 10, 2014

"Dark Horse"[35]
KatyPerryVEVO
2.24
February 20, 2014

Combined views (2014)
12.41
[139]

2015
"See You Again"[13]
Wiz Khalifa
3.40
April 6, 2015
[W]

"Sorry"[27]
JustinBieberVEVO
2.88
October 22, 2015

"Sugar"[29]
Maroon5VEVO
2.51
January 14, 2015

"Lean On"[33]
majorlazer
2.27
March 22, 2015

"Hello"[36]
AdeleVEVO
2.23
October 22, 2015

Combined views (2015)
13.29
[139]

2016
"Chantaje"[41]
shakiraVEVO
2.09
November 18, 2016

"Closer (Lyric video)"[43]
ChainsmokersVEVO
2.01
July 29, 2016

"This Is What You Came For"[44]
CalvinHarrisVEVO
1.92
June 16, 2016

"Work from Home"[50]
FifthHarmonyVEVO
1.79
February 26, 2016

"Rockabye"[52]
Clean Bandit
1.77
October 21, 2016

Combined views (2016)
9.58
[139]

2017
"Despacito"[8]
LuisFonsiVEVO
4.85
January 12, 2017
[X]

"Shape of You"[20]
Ed Sheeran
3.26
January 30, 2017

"Mi Gente"[56]
jbalvinVEVO
1.63
June 29, 2017

"Felices los 4"[79]
MalumaVEVO
1.27
April 21, 2017

"That's What I Like"[91]
Bruno Mars
1.18
March 1, 2017

Combined views (2017)
12.19
[139]

2018
"Finesse"[154]
Bruno Mars
0.26
January 3, 2018

"Dura"[155]
Daddy Yankee
0.23
January 18, 2018

"El Farsante (Remix)"[156]
Ozuna
0.20
January 30, 2018

"Amantes de Una Noche"[157]
Natti Natasha
0.14
January 11, 2018

"El Baño"[158]
EnriqueIglesiasVEVO
0.12
January 12, 2018

Combined views (2018)
0.95
[139]

As of February 14, 2018

text: Historical most viewed videos

text: The following table lists the last 15 videos to become YouTube's most viewed video, from October 2005 to the present.

text:
Video name
Uploader
Views*
Upload date
Date achieved
Days held
Ref(s)
Notes

"Despacito"[8]
LuisFonsiVEVO
2,993,700,000
Jan 12, 2017
Aug 4, 2017
200
[159]
[Y]

"See You Again"[13]
Wiz Khalifa
2,894,000,000
Apr 6, 2015
Jul 10, 2017
25
[161]

"Gangnam Style"[21]
officialpsy
803,700,000
Jul 15, 2012
Nov 24, 2012
1,689
[22]
[Z]

"Baby"[46]
JustinBieberVEVO
245,400,000
Feb 19, 2010
Jul 16, 2010
862
[47]
[AA]

"Bad Romance"[151]
LadyGagaVEVO
178,400,000
Nov 23, 2009
Apr 14, 2010
93
[165]
[AB]

"Charlie Bit My Finger"[141]
HDCYT
128,900,000
May 22, 2007
Oct 25, 2009
171
[168]

"Evolution of Dance"[136]
Judson Laipply
118,900,000
Apr 6, 2006
May 2, 2009
176
[169]

"Girlfriend"[170][171]
RCARecords
92,600,000
Feb 27, 2007
Jul 17, 2008
289
[172]

"Evolution of Dance"[136]
Judson Laipply
78,400,000
Apr 6, 2006
Mar 15, 2008
124
[173]

"Music Is My Hot Hot Sex"[174]
CLARUSBARTEL72
76,600,000
Apr 9, 2007
Feb 29, 2008
15
[175]
[AC]

"Evolution of Dance"[136]
Judson Laipply
10,600,000
Apr 6, 2006
May 19, 2006
651
[178]
[AD]

"Pokemon Theme Music Video"[179]
Smosh
4,300,000
Nov 28, 2005
Mar 12, 2006
68
[180]
[AE]

"Myspace - The Movie"[183][184]
eggtea
2,700,000
Jan 31, 2006
Feb 18, 2006
22
[185]

"Phony Photo Booth"[186]
mugenized
3,400,000
Dec 1, 2005
Jan 21, 2006
28
[187]
[AF]

"The Chronic of Narnia Rap"[188]
youtubedude
2,300,000
Dec 18, 2005
Jan 9, 2006
12
[189]

"Ronaldinho: Touch of Gold"[190]
Nikesoccer
255,000
Oct 21, 2005
Oct 31, 2005
70
[191]
[AG]

"I/O Brush"[194]
larfus
247,000
Oct 5, 2005
Oct 29, 2005
2
[195]

As of February 20, 2018

text: *The approximate number of views each video had when it became YouTube's most viewed video.

text: Timeline of Most Viewed Videos (Oct 2005 - Feb 2018)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Oct 2005 - Jun 2006)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Apr 2006 - Jan 2010)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Oct 2009 - Jan 2013)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Jan 2012 - Feb 2018)


document_title: Criminal Minds (season 13)

question_text: when does criminal minds season 13 come out on dvd

text: Criminal Minds (season 13)

text: Cast[edit]

text: The entire main cast from the previous season returned for the season, except Damon Gupton (Stephen Walker), who was fired from the show.[4][5] His character was killed off in the season premiere off-screen.

text: Following the cancellation of Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders, it was announced that Daniel Henney (Matt Simmons) would join the cast this season as a series regular.[6]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Joe Mantegna as David Rossi
Matthew Gray Gubler as Dr. Spencer Reid
A. J. Cook as Jennifer "JJ" Jareau
Kirsten Vangsness as Penelope Garcia
Aisha Tyler as Dr. Tara Lewis
Daniel Henney as Matt Simmons
Adam Rodriguez as Luke Alvez
Paget Brewster as Emily Prentiss

text: Special guest star[edit]

text: Shemar Moore as Derek Morgan

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Josh Stewart as William LaMontagne Jr.
Kelly Frye as Kristy Simmons
Declan Whaley as David Simmons
Kim Rhodes as Assistant Director Linda Barnes

text: Guest cast[edit]

text:
Bodhi Elfman as Peter Lewis / Mr. Scratch
Tracie Thoms as Monica Walker
Jamie Kennedy as Floyd Feylinn Ferell
Zelda Williams as Melissa Miller
Lou Diamond Phillips as Sheriff Clifford
Daniella Alonso as Lisa Douglas
Gail O'Grady as Krystall Richards
Danielle C. Ryan as Portia Richards
Sebastian Sozzi as Carlos Garica
James Urbaniak as Special Agent Owen Quinn
Karen David as Special Agent Mary Meadows
Michael Hogan as Benjamin David Merva

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Criminal Minds was renewed for a thirteenth season with an episode order of 22 episodes on April 7, 2017.[1][2] The entire main cast from the previous season returned for the season, except Damon Gupton (Stephen Walker), who was fired from the show.[4][5]

text: Matthew Gray Gubler directed the seventeenth episode of the season and it was said to be "the spookiest episode of Season 13" and involved clowns.[7] On August 10, 2017, it was revealed that Aisha Tyler will make her television directing debut and direct the sixth episode of the season.[8] On August 12, 2017 it was revealed that Erica Messer and Kirsten Vangsness will be co-writing the eleventh episode of the season, which will be the fourth episode they have co-written together.[9] On October 31, 2017, it was announced that Adam Rodriguez will make his Criminal Minds directing debut and direct the sixteenth episode of the season.[10]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On June 11, 2017, it was announced that Damon Gupton had been let go from the show after one season.[4] CBS said his departure was "part of a creative change on the show".[4][5]

text: On June 20, 2017, CBS announced that Daniel Henney, who was a series regular on Criminal Minds: Beyond Borders as Matt Simmons,  would join the main show as a series regular for the thirteenth season.[11]

text: On October 12, 2017, it was announced that Shemar Moore would reprise his role as Derek Morgan in the fifth episode of the season ("Lucky Strikes"). His character returned to help Penelope Garcia get through a tough time.[12]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeUS viewers(millions)2781"Wheels Up"Glenn KershawBreen FrazierSeptember 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)13017.00[13]
When escaped serial killer Peter Lewis (Bodhi Elfman) launches a devastating final assault on the BAU and takes one of their own as a hostage, Garcia brings in former International Response Team member Matt Simmons (Daniel Henney) to help apprehend Lewis before more lives are lost.
2792"To A Better Place"Diana C. ValentineBruce ZimmermanOctober 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)13026.17[14]
When three vintage suitcases containing sets of human remains are found throughout Naples, Florida, the BAU returns from their bureau-dictated vacation to determine what connects the victims. Meanwhile, Reid learns about a condition to his reinstatement and the team officially welcomes Simmons into the fold.
2803"Blue Angel"Sharat RajuChristopher BarbourOctober 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)13045.87[15]
When two businessmen are tortured and emasculated in Detroit, Michigan, the BAU interrogates a former escort who was involved with both men only to unearth a dark family secret that changes the course of the investigation.
2814"Killer App"Alec SmightStephanie SenGuptaOctober 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)13035.94[16]
When three employees are gunned down in a Silicon Valley workplace shooting, the BAU works with the Department of Homeland Security to determine why the victims were targeted. Meanwhile, Prentiss confronts Alvez about the events surrounding his final confrontation with Peter Lewis.
2825"Lucky Strikes"Tawnia McKiernanJim ClementeOctober 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)13065.91[17]
When a Florida prostitute is found dead with both legs severed and several fingers cut off, the BAU attempts to determine if incarcerated serial killer Floyd Feylinn Ferell (Jamie Kennedy) has embarked on another killing spree or if a copycat killer is trying to frame him. Meanwhile, former SSA Derek Morgan (Shemar Moore) visits Garcia after she finds herself overwhelmed by memories of a ten-year-old trauma.
2836"The Bunker"Aisha TylerKaren MaserNovember 8, 2017 (2017-11-08)13055.50[18]
When a Richmond, Virginia chef disappears while leaving her place of her work, the BAU sets out to connect the abduction to a series of open missing persons cases in both Richmond and Culpeper. Meanwhile, JJ bonds with a potential victim's sister and Garcia searches for a new apartment.
2847"Dust and Bones"Marcus StokesErica MeredithNovember 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)13075.64[19]
When three women are disfigured in Austin, Texas, the BAU sets out to identify a budding serial abductor obsessed with a venemous creature. Meanwhile, Alvez tries to find a way to help his former Fugitive Task Force partner come to terms with his paralysis.
2858"Neon Terror"Bethany RooneyErik StillerNovember 22, 2017 (2017-11-22)13086.31[20]
When the latest in a series of brutal robbery-homicides occurs in Miami, Florida, the BAU sets out to catch a spree killer who releases footage of his crimes to the media as a cry for attention.
2869"False Flag"Joe MantegnaBreen FrazierDecember 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)13095.34[21]
When two members of a Roswell, New Mexico conspiracy theory group die in quick succession, the BAU suspects that the crimes were committed by a serial killer only to find themselves reexamining the evidence following a catastrophic encounter. Meanwhile, Lewis struggles to keep her emotions in check as she interrogates a young podcaster (Zelda Williams) with ties to the group.
28710"Submerged"Rob BaileyBruce ZimmermanJanuary 3, 2018 (2018-01-03)13105.41[22]
When the latest in a series of perplexing robbery-homicides occurs in Ramona, California, the BAU works with a frustrated sheriff (Lou Diamond Phillips) to track down a serial killer with mysterious motives and an even more mysterious past.
28811"Full-Tilt Boogie"Simon MirrenErica Messer & Kirsten VangsnessJanuary 10, 2018 (2018-01-10)13115.70[23]
When the wife of a Virginia police chief survives a brutal home invasion-homicide, the BAU coordinates with local authorities to catch her attempted killer only to uncover a multitude of secrets being kept by the town's inhabitants.
28912"Bad Moon on the Rise"Christoph SchreweKaren MaserJanuary 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)13125.63[24]
When a New York City jogger's gruesome murder is connected to a series of equally gruesome murder-mutilations, the BAU searches for a killer suffering from a bizarre condition. Meanwhile, Alvez deals with the fallout of a blind date gone wrong.
29013"Cure"Glenn KershawChristopher BarbourJanuary 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)13135.30[25]
When a cryptic message is found inside the mouth of a Washington, D.C. financier, the BAU sets out to catch a serial killer determined to eradicate institutions of power. Meanwhile, JJ grows increasingly concerned after receiving an email asking her to sit down with Assistant Director Linda Barnes (Kim Rhodes).
29114"Miasma"Leon IchasoErica MeredithJanuary 31, 2018 (2018-01-31)13145.42[26]
When a mass grave is uncovered in a New Orleans cemetery, the BAU searches for a killer who sees himself as a modern-day plague doctor. Meanwhile, Prentiss finds herself forced to endure a hostile interrogation after Barnes suspends her from active duty and summons her for an internal audit.
29215"Annihilator"Rob BaileyErik StillerMarch 7, 2018 (2018-03-07)13155.04[27]
With Prentiss still suspended from active duty and Reid refusing to work without her, Barnes takes the lead and joins the remaining members of the BAU as they search St. Louis for the perpetrator of a quadruple homicide. Meanwhile, Reid attempts to dissuade Prentiss from making a bold decision.
29316"Last Gasp"Adam RodriguezStephanie SenGuptaMarch 14, 2018 (2018-03-14)13165.69[28]
In the wake of Barnes' attempt to restructure the BAU, the divided team works behind her back to identify a serial abductor who photographs Washington, D.C. call girls before killing them and incinerating their bodies.
29417"The Capilanos"Matthew Gray GublerErica MesserMarch 21, 2018 (2018-03-21)13175.26[29]
When a seven-year-old child residing in Guymon, Oklahoma claims a man dressed as a clown killed his father, the BAU attempts to determine whether or not the child's statement is true.
29518"The Dance of Love"Joe MantegnaBruce ZimmermanMarch 28, 2018 (2018-03-28)13186.59[30]
When two women residing in Chicago, Illinois are stabbed to death on consecutive nights and found with a single red rose in their mouths, the BAU searches for a serial killer with unexpected motives. Meanwhile, Rossi takes personal time off after receiving a phone call from his third ex-wife Krystall (Gail O'Grady).
29619"Ex Parte"Lily MariyeChristopher BarbourApril 4, 2018 (2018-04-04)13195.90[31]
When a hostage situation takes place at a Washington, D.C. law firm, the BAU juggles resolving the situation and determining the perpetrators' motivations. Meanwhile, Simmons becomes emotionally involved in the case after learning that his wife Kristy (Kelly Frye) is one of the hostages.
29720"All You Can Eat"Diana C. ValentineKaren MaserApril 11, 2018 (2018-04-11)13205.20[32]
When two sudden deaths in Virginia are believed to be acts of bioterrorism, the BAU works with the CDC to prevent a large-scale incident from taking place. Meanwhile, Garcia reunites with her stepbrother Carlos (Sebastian Sozzi) after learning that the drunk driver who killed their parents is eligible for parole.
29821"Mixed Signals"Alec SmightErica Meredith & Erik StillerApril 18, 2018 (2018-04-18)13215.92[33]
When two people residing in Taos, New Mexico are subjected to crude lobotomies, the BAU suspects the perpetrator is obsessed with proving an inexplicable collection of phenomena exists.
29922"Believer"Glenn KershawBreen FrazierApril 18, 2018 (2018-04-18)13225.39[33]
When a former VICAP agent is found locked inside a storage unit, the BAU investigates his frantic claims of an active serial killer nicknamed "The Strangler" only to find themselves questioning everything they think they know.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating/share(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Wheels Up"

September 27, 2017
1.3/5
7.00[13]
1.1
4.15
2.4
11.15[34]

2

"To a Better Place"

October 4, 2017
1.1/4
6.17[14]
1.1
3.98
2.2
10.15[35]

3

"Blue Angel"

October 11, 2017
1.1/4
5.87[15]
1.0
3.82
2.1
9.68[36]

4

"Killer App"

October 18, 2017
1.0/4
5.94[16]
1.1
3.87
2.1
9.81[37]

5

"Lucky Strikes"

October 25, 2017
1.0/4
5.91[17]
1.0
3.81
2.0
9.72[38]

6

"The Bunker"

November 8, 2017
0.9/3
5.50[18]
1.0
3.53
1.9
9.03[39]

7

"Dust and Bones"

November 15, 2017
1.0/4
5.64[19]
1.0
3.76
2.0
9.40[40]

8

"Neon Terror"

November 22, 2017
1.0/4
6.31[20]
1.0
3.70
2.0
10.00[41]

9

"False Flag"

December 6, 2017
0.9/4
5.34[21]
1.1
4.04
2.0
9.38[42]

10

"Submerged"

January 3, 2018
0.9/3
5.41[22]
1.1
3.93
2.0
9.37[43]

11

"Full-Tilt Boogie"

January 10, 2018
1.0/4
5.70[23]
1.1
4.13
2.1
9.83[44]

12

"Bad Moon on the Rise"

January 17, 2018
1.0/4
5.63[24]
1.1
4.02
2.1
9.65[45]

13

"Cure"

January 24, 2018
0.9/3
5.30[25]
1.1
4.12
2.0
9.42[46]

14

"Miasma"

January 31, 2018
1.0/4
5.42[26]
1.0
3.90
2.0
9.32[47]

15

"Annihilator"

March 7, 2018
0.9/3
5.05[27]
1.0
4.06
1.9
9.11[48]

16

"Last Gasp"

March 14, 2018
0.9/4
5.69[28]
1.2
4.16
2.1
9.85[49]

17

"The Capilanos"

March 21, 2018
0.9/4
5.26[29]
1.1
3.94
2.0
9.20[50]

18

"The Dance of Love"

March 28, 2018
1.1/5
6.59[30]
0.9
3.54
2.0
10.13[51]

19

"Ex Parte"

April 4, 2018
1.0/4
5.90[31]
1.0
3.71
2.0
9.62[52]

20

"All You Can Eat"

April 11, 2018
0.9/4
5.20[32]
1.0
3.94
1.9
9.14[53]

21

"Mixed Signals"

April 18, 2018
1.0/4
5.92[33]
0.8
3.05
1.8
8.97[33]

22

"Believer"

April 18, 2018
0.9/4
5.39[33]
0.8
3.35
1.7
8.74[33]

text: Home media[edit]

text:
The Complete Thirteenth Season

Set details

Special features

22 episodes
6-disc set (Region 1)
5-disc set (Region 2 & 4)
Aspect Ratio: 1.78:1
Subtitles: English
English: Dolby Digital 5.1

Getting Lucky
Bunker Mentality
Breaking Up The BAU
The Table Read: Mixed Signals
Thirteen Minds
Would You Make A Good FBI Agent?
Pilot Episode of "SEAL Team"
Pilot Episode of "Bull"
Gag Reel
Deleted Scenes

DVD release date

Region 1

Region 2

Region 4

August 28, 2018 (2018-08-28)[54]

TBA

TBA