document_title: List of NFL franchise post-season droughts

question_text: list of nfl teams never to win a superbowl

text: Active team droughts[edit]

text: All active drought listings now include the 2017 season for season total droughts.

text: Post-season droughts[edit]

text: Updated through the December 17th early games.

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

text:
Playoff Droughts [1][2]

0Team0
Last earned appearance in post-season
Seasons

Buffalo Bills ^
1999 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
18

Cleveland Browns ^
2002 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
15

Los Angeles Rams ^
2004 NFC Divisional Playoffs
13

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2007 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
10

Tennessee Titans ^
2008 AFC Divisional Playoffs
9

New York Jets
2010 AFC Championship Game
7

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Championship Game
7

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Divisional Playoffs
4

New Orleans Saints
2013 NFC Divisional Playoffs
4

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Championship Game
4

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs
3

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Championship Game
3

Cincinnati Bengals
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
2

Washington Redskins
2015 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
2

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Championship Game
2

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50
2

Carolina Panthers
Super Bowl 50
2

Miami Dolphins
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

Oakland Raiders
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

New York Giants
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
1

Detroit Lions
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

Kansas City Chiefs
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
1

Dallas Cowboys
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Championship Game
—

Atlanta Falcons
Super Bowl LI
—

2017 Playoff Teams

Jacksonville Jaguars
2017 AFC Playoffs
—

New England Patriots
2017 AFC Playoffs
—

Pittsburgh Steelers
2017 AFC Playoffs
—

Minnesota Vikings
2017 NFC Playoffs
—

Philadelphia Eagles
2017 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—

text: At 18 seasons, the Bills' playoff drought is also the longest in major North American professional sports.[3]

text: Playoff game victory droughts[edit]

text:
Updated through the December 16, 2017 games.
Sortable table, click on header arrows.

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

0†0
Tied for longest drought in team history

0♦0
Most consecutive losses in team history

0¤0
Tied for most consecutive losses in team history

0♣ ♣0
Most consecutive losses in NFL history

text:
Current Playoff Loss Streak[1]

Team
Last playoff game win
Seasons
Since Win
Loss
Streak
Playoff Losses - Teams

Cincinnati Bengals ^
1990 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
27
♦ 8
1990 Divisional - L A Raiders
2005 Wild Card - Pittsburgh
2009 Wild Card - New York Jets
2011 Wild Card - Houston
2012 Wild Card - Houston
2013 Wild Card - San Diego
2014 Wild Card - Indianapolis
2015 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Detroit Lions
1991 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
26
♣ ♣ 9
1991 NFC Championship - Washington
1993 Wild Card - Green Bay
1994 Wild Card - Green Bay
1995 Wild Card - Philadelphia
1997 Wild Card - Tampa Bay
1999 Wild Card - Washington
2011 Wild Card - New Orleans
2014 Wild Card - Dallas
2016 Wild Card - Seattle

Buffalo Bills ^
1995 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
22
♦ 4
1995 Divisional - Pittsburgh
1996 Wild Card - Jacksonville
1998 Wild Card - Miami
1999 Wild Card - Tennessee

Cleveland Browns ^
1994 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
20**
2
1994 Divisional - Pittsburgh
2002 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Miami Dolphins ^
2000 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
17
4 ¤
2000 Divisional - Oakland
2001 Wild Card - Baltimore
2008 Wild Card - Baltimore
2016 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC Championship*
15
2 ¤
2002 Super Bowl - Tampa Bay
2016 Wild Card - Houston

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII*
15
2
2005 Wild Card - Washington
2007 Wild Card - New York Giants

Tennessee Titans
2003 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
14
3 ¤
2003 Divisional - New England
2007 Wild Card - San Diego
2008 Divisional - Baltimore

Los Angeles Rams
2004 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
13
1
2004 Divisional - Atlanta

Washington Redskins
2005 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
12
4 ¤
2005 Divisional - Seattle
2007 Wild Card - Seattle
2012 Wild Card - Seattle
2015 Wild Card - Green Bay

Jacksonville Jaguars ^
2007 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
10
1
2007 Divisional - New England

Philadelphia Eagles
2008 NFC Divisional Playoffs
9
4
2008 NFC Championship - Arizona
2009 Wild Card - Dallas
2010 Wild Card - Green Bay
2013 Wild Card - New Orleans

Minnesota Vikings †
2009 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
8
3
2009 NFC Championship - New Orleans
2012 Wild Card - Green Bay
2015 Wild Card - Seattle

New York Jets
2010 AFC Divisional Playoffs
7
1
2010 AFC Championship - Pittsburgh

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
7
1
2010 NFC Championship - Green Bay

New York Giants
2011 !Super Bowl XLVI
6
1
2016 Wild Card - Green Bay

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
4
1
2013 Divisional - Denver

New Orleans Saints
2013 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
4
1
2013 Divisional - Seattle

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Divisional Playoffs
4
1
2013 NFC Championship - Seattle

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
3
1
2014 Divisional - New England

Dallas Cowboys
2014 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
3
2
2014 Divisional - Green Bay
2016 Divisional - Green Bay

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs
3
1
2014 AFC Championship - New England

Kansas City Chiefs
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
2
2
2015 Divisional - New England
2016 Divisional - Pittsburgh

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
2
1
2015 NFC Championship - Carolina

Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC Championship*
2
1
2015 Super Bowl - Denver

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50*
2
0
3 game win streak

2016 Playoff0
Winners

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
1
1
2016 Divisional - New England

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
—
1
2016 Divisional - Atlanta

Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
—
1
2016 AFC Championship - New England

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—
1
2016 NFC Championship - Atlanta

Atlanta Falcons
2016 NFC Championship*
—
1
2016 Super Bowl - New England

New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI*
—
0
3 game win streak

Team
Last playoff game win
Seasons
Since Win
Loss
Streak
Playoff Losses - Teams

text:
(*): Franchise earned a bye in the Wild Card round.
(**): Franchise dormant 1996–1998.

text: AFC/NFC Championship game appearance droughts[edit]

text: This is also a list of the last time a particular club won a Divisional playoff game.

text:
Drought Reference [1]

Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in Conference Championship Game
Result

29
Cincinnati Bengals ^
1988 AFC
Won vs. Buffalo

26
Washington Redskins ^
1991 NFC
Won vs. Detroit

26
Detroit Lions ^
1991 NFC
Lost vs. Washington

25
Miami Dolphins ^
1992 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

25 [d]
Cleveland Browns ^
1989 AFC
Lost vs. Denver

24
Buffalo Bills ^
1993 AFC
Won vs. Kansas City

24
Kansas City Chiefs †
1993 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

22
Dallas Cowboys ^
1995 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

18
Jacksonville Jaguars ^
1999 AFC
Lost vs. Tennessee

16
Houston Texans ^
1985Never [c]
y —

16
Los Angeles Rams ^ [a]
2001 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2002 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

15
Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC
Won vs. Tennessee

15
Tennessee Titans
2002 AFC
Lost vs. Oakland

10
Los Angeles Chargers [b]
2007 AFC
Lost vs. New England

9
Philadelphia Eagles
2008 NFC
Lost vs. Arizona

8
New Orleans Saints
2009 NFC
Won vs. Minnesota

8
Minnesota Vikings
2009 NFC
Lost vs. New Orleans

7
New York Jets
2010 AFC
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

7
Chicago Bears
2010 NFC
Lost vs. Green Bay

6
New York Giants
2011 NFC
Won vs. San Francisco

5
Baltimore Ravens
2012 AFC
Won vs. New England

4
San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC
Lost vs. Seattle

3
Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC
Lost vs. New England

3
Seattle Seahawks
2014 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

2
Denver Broncos
2015 AFC
Won vs. New England

2
Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC
Lost vs. Carolina

2
Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC
Won vs. Arizona

.75
Z2016 Conference Finalists
2015
z

—
Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC
Lost vs. New England

.5 —
New England Patriots
2016 AFC
Won vs. Pittsburgh

—
Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC
Lost vs. Atlanta

—
Atlanta Falcons
2016 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

text:
a The Los Angeles Rams last appeared in the NFC Championship game as the St. Louis Rams.
b The Los Angeles Chargers last appeared in the AFC Championship game as the San Diego Chargers.
c The Texans first played in 2002 season
d The Browns were dormant from 1996–1998.

text: Super Bowl or NFL Championship appearance droughts[edit]

text:
Last appearance in Super Bowl or
NFL Championship[1][4]

Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in Super Bowl
NFL
Season
Result

60
Detroit Lions
7003195700000000000♠ 1957 NFL Championship Game
1957
Won vs. Cleveland

49
New York Jets
7003196800000000000♠ Super Bowl III
1968
Won vs. Baltimore Colts

48
Kansas City Chiefs
7003196900000000000♠ Super Bowl IV
1969
Won vs. Minnesota

45 [e]
Cleveland Browns
7003196910000000000♠1969.1 1969 NFL Championship Game
1969
Lost vs. Minnesota

41
Minnesota Vikings
7003197700000000000♠ Super Bowl XI
1976
Lost vs. Oakland

33
Miami Dolphins
7003198400000000000♠ Super Bowl XIX
1984
Lost vs. San Francisco

29
Cincinnati Bengals
7003198800000000000♠ Super Bowl XXIII
1988
Lost vs. San Francisco

26
Washington Redskins
7003199100000000000♠ Super Bowl XXVI
1991
Won vs. Buffalo

24
Buffalo Bills
7003199300000000000♠ Super Bowl XXVIII
1993
Lost vs. Dallas

23
Jacksonville Jaguars
7000100000000000000♠ Never (enfranchised 1995)

z —

23
Los Angeles Chargers [f]
7003199400000000000♠ Super Bowl XXIX
1994
Lost vs. San Francisco

22
Dallas Cowboys
7003199500000000000♠ Super Bowl XXX
1995
Won vs. Pittsburgh

18
Tennessee Titans
7003199900000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXIV
1999
Lost vs. St. Louis Rams

16
Houston Texans
7000200000000000000♠ Never (enfranchised 2002)

z —

16
Los Angeles Rams [g]
7003200100000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVI
2001
Lost vs. New England

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
7003200200000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Won vs. Oakland

15
Oakland Raiders
7003200210000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Lost vs. Tampa Bay

13
Philadelphia Eagles
7003200400000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXIX
2004
Lost vs. New England

11
Chicago Bears
7003200600000000000♠ Super Bowl XLI
2006
Lost vs. Indianapolis

9
Arizona Cardinals
7003200800000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIII
2008
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

8
New Orleans Saints
7003200900000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Won vs. Indianapolis

8
Indianapolis Colts
7003200900000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Lost vs. New Orleans

7
Green Bay Packers
7003201000000000000♠ Super Bowl XLV
2010
Won vs. Pittsburgh

7
Pittsburgh Steelers
7003201010000000000♠ Super Bowl XLV
2010
Lost vs. Green Bay

6
New York Giants
7003201100000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVI
2011
Won vs. New England

5
Baltimore Ravens
7003201200000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Won vs. San Francisco

5
San Francisco 49ers
7003201210000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Lost vs. Baltimore Ravens

3
Seattle Seahawks
7003201420000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIX
2014
Lost vs. New England

2
Carolina Panthers
7003201500000000000♠ Super Bowl 50
2015
Lost vs. Denver

2
Denver Broncos
7003201500000000000♠ Super Bowl 50
2015
Won vs. Carolina

.75
ZSuper Bowl LI finalists
2016
2016
zz

0
Atlanta Falcons
7003201600000000000♠ Super Bowl LI
2016
Lost vs. New England

0
New England Patriots
7003201600000000000♠ Super Bowl LI
2016
Won vs. Atlanta

text:
e The Browns were dormant from 1996–1998.
f The Los Angeles Chargers last appeared in the Super Bowl as the San Diego Chargers.
g The Los Angeles Rams last appeared in the Super Bowl as the St. Louis Rams.

text: Super Bowl win droughts[edit]

text: This list also counts all seasons since a team last won the league championship.

text:
Drought References[1][4]

Seasons
Team
Last Super Bowl crown
(1966–present)
NFL
Season
Last League Championship crown
Before 1970 Merger
(1920–1969)
Seasons

52
Arizona Cardinals[a]
Never
—
1947 NFL Championship
70

52
Detroit Lions
Never
—
1957 NFL Championship
60

52
Philadelphia Eagles
Never
—
1960 NFL Championship
57

52
Tennessee Titans[b]
Never
—
1961 AFL Championship
56

52
Los Angeles Chargers
Never
—
1963 AFL Championship
54

52
Buffalo Bills
Never
—
1965 AFL Championship
52

49
Cleveland Browns [d]
Never
—
1964 NFL Championship
50

52
Minnesota Vikings
Never
—
1969 NFL Championship[c]
48

52
Atlanta Falcons
Never (enfranchised 1966)
—

50
Cincinnati Bengals
Never (enfranchised 1968)
—

49
New York Jets[e]
Super Bowl III
1968

48
Kansas City Chiefs[e]
Super Bowl IV
1969

44
Miami Dolphins
Super Bowl VIII
1973

34
Oakland Raiders[f]
Super Bowl XVIII
1983

32
Chicago Bears
Super Bowl XX
1985

26
Washington Redskins
Super Bowl XXVI
1991

23
Jacksonville Jaguars
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

23
Carolina Panthers
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

23
San Francisco 49ers
Super Bowl XXIX
1994

22
Dallas Cowboys
Super Bowl XXX
1995

18
Los Angeles Rams[g]
Super Bowl XXXIV
1999

16
Houston Texans
Never (enfranchised 2002)
—

15
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII
2002

11
Indianapolis Colts
Super Bowl XLI
2006

9
Pittsburgh Steelers
Super Bowl XLIII
2008

8
New Orleans Saints
Super Bowl XLIV
2009

7
Green Bay Packers
Super Bowl XLV
2010

6
New York Giants
Super Bowl XLVI
2011

5
Baltimore Ravens
Super Bowl XLVII
2012

4
Seattle Seahawks
Super Bowl XLVIII
2013

2
Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50
2015

.75
ZDefending champion
2015
z

0
New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI
2016

text:
a Team won as the Chicago Cardinals in 1947.
b Team won as the Houston Oilers in 1961.
c AFL and NFL league champions met in Super Bowls I thru IV before the 1970 merger (1966–1969). They are not generally counted in the overall league championship list.
d Cleveland's drought does not include three seasons (1996–98) when the franchise was dormant.
e Super Bowl winner was not the NFL league champion till after 1970 merger (Super Bowl V).
f Team was based in Los Angeles when it won Super Bowl XVIII.
g Team was based in St. Louis when it won Super Bowl XXXIV.

text: Super Bowl crown droughts by division[edit]

text:
Division
Last Super Bowl crown
Seasons

AFC South
XLI — Colts
11

NFC South
XLIV — Saints
8

NFC North
XLV — Packers
7

NFC East
XLVI — Giants
6

AFC North
XLVII — Ravens
5

NFC West
XLVIII — Seahawks
4

AFC West
50 — Broncos
2

AFC East
LI — Patriots
0

text: Cities/regions awaiting first Super Bowl crown[edit]

text: Listed according to seasons waited. Current NFL cities/regions only

text:
Last city to leave list - Seattle, 2013 season

City/region
Seasons waited
Conference Title(s)
Team(s)
Notes

Detroit
52
None
Detroit Lions (1966–)
Played in the 1991 NFC Championship Game

Philadelphia
52
1980, 2004
Philadelphia Eagles (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XV and XXXIX

Buffalo
52
1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
Buffalo Bills (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII

Atlanta
52
1998, 2016
Atlanta Falcons (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI

Minneapolis–St. Paul
52
1969, 1973, 1974, 1976
Minnesota Vikings (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI

Cincinnati
50
1981, 1988
Cincinnati Bengals (1968–)
Played in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII

Cleveland
49
None
Cleveland Browns (1966–1995, 1999-)
Played in the 1986, 1987, and 1989 AFC Championship Games

Houston
47
None
31 Oilers seasons (1966–1996) and 16 Texans seasons (2002–)
Played in the 1978 and 1979 AFC Championship Games

Phoenix
30
2008
Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals (1988–)
Played in Super Bowl XLIII

Jacksonville
23
None
Jacksonville Jaguars (1995–)
Played in the 1996 and 1999 AFC Championship Games

Charlotte
23
2003, 2015
Carolina Panthers (1995–)
Played in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50

Nashville
21
1999
Tennessee Oilers/Titans (1997–)
Played in Super Bowl XXXIV

text: Division title droughts[edit]

text: Listed according to seasons waited. Updated through December 17, 2017 early games.

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

0†0
Tied for Longest drought in team history

text:
Franchise
0 0 Most recent0 0
division title
0Year0
Seasons

Cleveland Browns^
AFC Central
1989
25**

Detroit Lions^
NFC Central
1993
24

Buffalo Bills^
AFC East
1995
22

Jacksonville Jaguars^
AFC Central
1999
18

Oakland Raiders^
AFC West
2002
15

New York Jets
AFC East
2002
15

Los Angeles Rams^
NFC West
2003
14

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
NFC South
2007
10

Miami Dolphins^
AFC East
2008
9

Tennessee Titans
AFC South
2008
9

Los Angeles Chargers
AFC West
2009
8

Chicago Bears
NFC North
2010
7

New York Giants
NFC East
2011
6

New Orleans Saints
NFC South
2011
6

Baltimore Ravens
AFC North
2012
5

San Francisco 49ers
NFC West
2012
5

Indianapolis Colts
AFC South
2014
3

Cincinnati Bengals
AFC North
2015
2

Denver Broncos
AFC West
2015
2

Washington Redskins
NFC East
2015
2

Carolina Panthers
NFC South
2015
2

Arizona Cardinals
NFC West
2015
2

Houston Texans
AFC South
2016
1

Kansas City Chiefs
AFC West
2016
—

Dallas Cowboys
NFC East
2016
1

Green Bay Packers
NFC North
2016
1

Atlanta Falcons
NFC South
2016
—

Seattle Seahawks
NFC West
2016
—

2017 Division Champions

New England Patriots
AFC East
2017
—

Pittsburgh Steelers
AFC North
2017
—

Philadelphia Eagles
NFC East
2017
—

Minnesota Vikings
NFC North
2017
—

text: **Does not include the three seasons (1996–1998) during which the franchise suspended operations.

text: Historical team droughts[edit]

text: Closest approaches without winning the Super Bowl[edit]

text: Counted from the first Super Bowl seaon, 1966, to present. Updated through the 2016 playoffs.

text:
Team
Wild Card appearances1
Divisional Round appearances2
Conference Final appearances3
Super Bowl appearances
Fewest wins short of
Super Bowl Title

Minnesota Vikings
12
20
8
4
1 win short : 1969, 1973, 1974, 1976

Buffalo Bills
6
10
5
4
1 win short : 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993

Philadelphia Eagles
15
12
6
2
1 win short : 1980, 2004

Cincinnati Bengals
8
6
2
2
1 win short : 1982, 1988

Atlanta Falcons
6
9
4
2
1 win short : 1998, 2016

Carolina Panthers
3
7
4
2
1 win short : 2003, 2015

Los Angeles Chargers
6
10
4
1
1 win short : 1994

Tennessee Titans
12
12
4
1
1 win short : 1999

Arizona Cardinals
4
6
2
1
1 win short : 2008

Cleveland Browns
3
8
6

2 wins short : 1968, 1969, 1986, 1987, 1989

Jacksonville Jaguars
5
4
2

2 wins short : 1996, 1999

Detroit Lions
8
3
1

2 wins short : 1991

Houston Texans
4
3

3 wins short : 2011, 2012, 2016

text: Playoff droughts of 5 plus seasons[edit]

text:
0^0
Denotes active streak

text:
Last place NFL finishes
Last place AFL finishes (1960–1969)

text:
List of Droughts[1]

Seasons
Team
Drought Duration
Division or Conference Last Place
finishes during drought
League Worst win-loss record
during drought

Last Place
Seasons

7001250000000000000♠25
Washington Redskins A !Washington Redskins
1946–1970
4
1950, 1952, 1960–1961
1961

7001250000000000000♠25
Arizona Cardinals A !Chicago / St. Louis Cardinals
1949–1973
5
1951, 1953–1954, 1957, 1959
1953, 1954, 1957 tie, 19591959 tie

7001240000000000000♠24
Pittsburgh Steelers A !Pittsburgh Steelers
1948–1971
5
1955, 1965, 1967–1969
1965, 1969 tie

7001200000000000000♠20
New Orleans Saints A !New Orleans Saints
1967–1986
9
1967, 1970–1972, 1975, 1977, 1980–1981, 1986
19751975 tie, 1980

7001170000000000000♠17
Denver Broncos A !Denver Broncos
1960–1976
8
1960, 1963–1967, 1970–1971
1960, 1963, 1964, 1965 tie, 1967

7001170000000000000♠17
Philadelphia Eagles A !Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1977
7
1962–1963, 1968–1970, 1972, 1975
1968 tie

7001170000000000000♠17
New York Giants D !New York Giants
1964–1980
9
1964, 1966, 1971, 1973–1974, 1976–1978, 1980
1964, 1966, 1974 tie

7001170000000000000♠17 ^
Buffalo Bills A !Buffalo Bills
2000–2016
8
2001–2002, 2008–2013
—

7001160000000000000♠16
Detroit Lions A !Detroit Lions
1936–1951
4
1942, 1946–1948
1942, 1946, 1948

7001150000000000000♠15
Arizona Cardinals B !Chicago Cardinals
1932–1946
10
1933, 1935–1936, 1938–1940, 1943–1946
1933, 1938 tie, 1939, 1943, 1944 tie[a], 1945

7001150000000000000♠15
Green Bay Packers A !Green Bay Packers
1945–1959
4
1949, 1953, 1957, 1958
1957 tie, 1958

7001150000000000000♠15
Arizona Cardinals C !St. Louis / Phoenix / Arizona Cardinals
1983–1997
7
1985–1986, 1990–1992, 1995, 1997
—

7001150000000000000♠15 ^
Cleveland Browns A !Cleveland Browns
2003–2017
13
2003–2006, 2008–2009, 2011–2017
2015 tie, 2016

7001140000000000000♠14
Pittsburgh Steelers B !Pittsburgh Pirates / Steelers
1933–1946
7
1933–1934, 1938–1939, 1941, 1944–1945
1938 tie, 1941, 1944 tie[a]

7001140000000000000♠14
Philadelphia Eagles B !Philadelphia Eagles
1933–1946
5
1935–1937, 1940, 1942
1935, 1936, 1940

7001140000000000000♠14
Kansas City Chiefs A !Kansas City Chiefs
1972–1985
5
1977–1979, 1983, 1985
19771977 tie

7001140000000000000♠14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers A !Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1983–1996
8
1983, 1985–1986, 1989, 1991, 1993–1995
19831983 tie, 1985 tie, 1986

7001140000000000000♠14
Cincinnati Bengals A !Cincinnati Bengals
1991–2004
6
1991–1993, 1998, 2001–2002
1993, 1998 tie, 2002

7001130000000000000♠13
Chicago Bears A !Chicago Bears
1964–1976
5
1969–1970, 1972–1974
1969 tie

7001130000000000000♠13
San Diego Chargers A !San Diego Chargers
1966–1978
3
1972–1973, 1975
1975 tie

7001130000000000000♠13
Oakland Raiders A !Oakland Raiders
2003–2015
6
2004–2007, 2013–2014
2003 tie, 2006

7001120000000000000♠12
Detroit Lions B !Detroit Lions
1958–1969
2
1966, 1968
—

7001120000000000000♠12
San Francisco 49ers A !San Francisco 49ers
1958–1969
3
1963–1964, 1969
1963

7001120000000000000♠12
New England Patriots A !Boston / New England Patriots
1964–1975
4
1967, 1970, 1972, 1975
1970

7001120000000000000♠12
Atlanta Falcons A !Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977
3
1967–1968, 1974
1967, 1968 tie

7001120000000000000♠12 ^
Los Angeles Rams A !St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams
2005–2016
6
2007–2009, 2011, 2013–2014
2009, 2011 tie

7001110000000000000♠11
Los Angeles Rams B !Los Angeles Rams
1956–1966
4
1956, 1959, 1962, 1965
19591959 tie, 1962

7001110000000000000♠11
New York Jets A !New York Jets
1970–1980
1
1980
—

7001110000000000000♠11
Detroit Lions C !Detroit Lions
1971–1981
1
1979
19791979 tie

7001110000000000000♠11
Detroit Lions D !Detroit Lions
2000–2010
6
2001–2003, 2006, 2008–2009
2008

7001100000000000000♠10
Philadelphia Eagles C !Philadelphia Eagles
1950–1959
2
1956, 1958
1956

7001100000000000000♠10
Green Bay Packers B !Green Bay Packers
1983–1992
1
1988
—

7001100000000000000♠10
Seattle Seahawks A !Seattle Seahawks
1989–1998
4
1992–1994, 1996
1992 tie

7001100000000000000♠10 ^
Tampa Bay Buccaneers B !Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2008–2017
7
2009, 2011–2015, 2017
20142014 tie

7000900000000000000♠9
Green Bay Packers C !Green Bay Packers
1973–1981
2
1976, 1980
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Indianapolis Colts A !Baltimore / Indianapolis Colts
1978–1986
4
1978 - 1979, 1982, 1986
1981 tie, 1982

7000900000000000000♠9
San Diego Chargers B !San Diego Chargers
1983–1991
4
1984, 1986, 1989, 1991
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Los Angeles Rams C !Los Angeles / St. Louis Rams
1990–1998
6
1991–1994, 1997–1998
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Arizona Cardinals E !Arizona Cardinals
1999–2007
4
2000, 2002–2003, 2006
2003 tie

7000900000000000000♠9
Houston Texans A !Houston Texans
2002–2010
5
2002–2003, 2005–2007
2005

7000900000000000000♠9
Jacksonville Jaguars A !Jacksonville Jaguars
2008–2016
4
2008–2009, 2012, 2016
2012 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
New York Jets B !New York Titans / Jets
1960–1967
2
1962–1963
—

7000800000000000000♠8
Tennessee Titans A !Houston Oilers
1970–1977
4
1970, 1972–1973, 1976
1972, 1973

7000800000000000000♠8
San Francisco 49ers B !San Francisco 49ers
1973–1980
2
1978–1979
1978, 1979 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
Atlanta Falcons B !Atlanta Falcons
1983–1990
7
1983–1985, 1987–1990
1987

7000800000000000000♠8
San Diego Chargers C !San Diego Chargers
1996–2003
5
1997–1998, 2000–2001, 2003
2000, 2003 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
San Francisco 49ers C !San Francisco 49ers
2003–2010
2
2004–2005
2004

7000800000000000000♠8 ^
Tennessee Titans B !Tennessee Titans
2009–2016
3
2010, 2014–2015
20142014 tie, 2015 tie

7000700000000000000♠7
Los Angeles Rams D !Cleveland Rams
1937–1944 [b]
2
1937, 1941
1937

7000700000000000000♠7
San Francisco 49ers D !San Francisco 49ers
1950–1956
0
—
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Oakland Raiders B !Oakland Raiders
1960–1966
2
1961–1962
1961, 1962

7000700000000000000♠7
Minnesota Vikings A !Minnesota Vikings
1961–1967
3
1961, 1966–1967
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Buffalo Bills B !Buffalo Bills
1967–1973
2
1968, 1971

1968
1971

7000700000000000000♠7
Cleveland Browns B !Cleveland Browns
1973–1979
3
1974–1975, 1977
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Seattle Seahawks B !Seattle Seahawks
1976–1982
3
1976, 1980–1981
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Detroit Lions E !Detroit Lions
1984–1990
1
1987
—

7000700000000000000♠7
New England Patriots A !New England Patriots
1987–1993
2
1990, 1992
1990, 1992 tie

7000700000000000000♠7
Indianapolis Colts B !Indianapolis Colts
1988–1994
2
1991, 1993
1991

7000700000000000000♠7
New Orleans Saints B !New Orleans Saints
1993–1999
3
1995–1996, 1999
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Miami Dolphins A !Miami Dolphins
2009–2015
1
2015
—

7000700000000000000♠7 ^
Chicago Bears B !Chicago Bears
2011–2017
4
2014–2017
—

7000700000000000000♠7 ^
New York Jets C !New York Jets
2011–2017
2
2014, 2016
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Chicago Bears C !Chicago Bears
1957–1962
0
—
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Dallas Cowboys A !Dallas Cowboys
1960–1965
1
1960
1960

7000600000000000000♠6
Arizona Cardinals E !St. Louis Cardinals
1976–1981
2
1979, 1981
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Tennessee Titans C !Houston Oilers
1981–1986
4
1983–1986
19831983 tie

7000600000000000000♠6
Buffalo Bills C !Buffalo Bills
1982–1987
2
1984–1985
1984, 1985 tie

7000600000000000000♠6
Philadelphia Eagles D !Philadelphia Eagles
1982–1987
1
1984
—

7000600000000000000♠6
New York Jets D !New York Jets
1992–1997
3
1994–1996
1995, 1996

7000600000000000000♠6
Washington Redskins B !Washington Redskins
1993–1998
2
1993–1994
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Oakland Raiders C !Los Angeles / Oakland Raiders
1994–1999
0
—
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Chicago Bears D !Chicago Bears
1995–2000
4
1997–2000
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Carolina Panthers A !Carolina Panthers
1997–2002
2
2001–2002
2001

7000600000000000000♠6
Miami Dolphins B !Miami Dolphins
2002–2007
3
2004, 2006–2007
2007

7000500000000000000♠5
New York Giants D !New York Giants
1951–1955
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Chicago Bears E !Chicago Bears
1951–1955
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Indianapolis Colts C !Baltimore Colts
1953–1957
1
1954
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cleveland Browns C !Cleveland Browns
1959–1963
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Buffalo Bills D !Buffalo Bills
1975–1979
2
1976–1977
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cincinnati Bengals B !Cincinnati Bengals
1976–1980
3
1978–1980
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Washington Redskins C !Washington Redskins
1977–1981
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cincinnati Bengals C !Cincinnati Bengals
1983–1987
1
1987
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Dallas Cowboys B !Dallas Cowboys
1986–1990
2
1988, 1989
1988, 1989

7000500000000000000♠5
Tennessee Titans D !Houston / Tennessee Oilers
1994–1998
1
1994
1994

7000500000000000000♠5
Kansas City Chiefs B !Kansas City Chiefs
1998–2002
1
2002
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Washington Redskins D !Washington Redskins
2000–2004
1
2004
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Jacksonville Jaguars B !Jacksonville Jaguars
2000–2004
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
New Orleans Saints C !New Orleans Saints
2001–2005
1
2005
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Denver Broncos B !Denver Broncos
2006–2010
1
2010
—

Seasons
Team
Drought Duration
Last Place
Seasons
League Worst win-loss record
during drought

Division or Conference Last Place
finishes during drought

text: Most consecutive post-season losses in team history[edit]

text: This is a sortable table of all 32 current NFL teams. Ten teams have multiple losing streaks where they lost an equal number of post season games before breaking the drought.

text: Updated through the 2016 regular season.

text:
0^0
Denotes active drought

text:
Team
Streak lasted
Last win
Games Lost
Playoff Losses
Score
Opponent
Next win

Arizona Cardinals
7001510000000000000♠ 51 years
1947
Championship
4.1 !4
1948 NFL Champ.
1974 Div.
1975 Div.
1982 1st Round
-1 !0–7
14–30
23–35
16–41
Eagles
Vikings
Rams
Packers
1998 Wild Card

Atlanta Falcons
7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
2004 Divisional
4.2 !4
2004 NFC Champ.
2008 Wild Card
2010 Div.
2011 Wild Card
10–27
24–30
21–48
2–24
Eagles
Cardinals
Packers
Giants
2012 Divisional

Baltimore Ravens
7000700000000000000♠ 7 years
2001
Wild Card
3.1 !3
2001 Div.
2003 Wild Card
2006 Div.
10–27
17–20
6–15
Steelers
Titans
Colts
2008 Wild Card

Buffalo Bills^
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1995
Div !1995
Wild Card
4.3 !4
1995 Div.
1996 Wild Card
1998 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
21–40
27–30
17–24
16–22
Steelers
Jaguars
Dolphins
Titans
TBD

Carolina Panthers
7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
2005
Divisional
3
2005 NFC Champ.
2008 Div.
2013 Div.
14–34
13–33
10–23
Seahawks
Cardinals
49ers
2014 Div !2014 Wild Card

Chicago Bears
7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1994
AF !1994
Wild Card
3.2 !3
1994 Div.
2001 Div.
2005 Div.
15–44
19–33
21–29
49ers
Eagles
Panthers
2006 Divisional

Cincinnati Bengals^
7001260000000000000♠ 26 years
1990 Div !1990
Wild Card
8
1990 Div.
2005 Wild Card
2009 Wild Card
2011 Wild Card
2012 Wild Card
2013 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
2015 Wild Card
10–20
17–31
14–24
10–31
13–19
10–27
10–26
16–18
Raiders
Steelers
Jets
Texans
Texans
Chargers
Colts
Steelers
TBD

Cleveland Browns
7001170000000000000♠ 17 years
1969 Divisional
6
1969 NFL Champ.
1971 Div.
1972 Div.
1980 Div.
1982 1st Round
1985 Div.
7–27
3–20
14–20
12–14
10–27
21–24
Vikings
Colts
Dolphins
Raiders
Raiders
Dolphins
1986 Divisional

Dallas Cowboys
7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
1996
Div !1996
Wild Card
6.2 !6
1996 Div.
1998 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
2003 Wild Card
2006 Wild Card
2007 Div.
17–26
7–20
10–27
10–29
20–21
17–21
Panthers
Cardinals
Vikings
Panthers
Seahawks
Giants
2009 Wild Card

Denver Broncos
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1977
Conference
Championship
5.1 !5
1977 !Super Bowl XII
1978 Div.
1979 Wild Card
1983 Wild Card
1984 Div.
10–27
10–33
7–13
7–31
17–24
Cowboys
Steelers
Oilers
Seahawks
Steelers
1986 Divisional

Detroit Lions^
7001250000000000000♠ 25 years
1991
Divisional
9
1991.2 !1991 NFC Champ.
1993 Wild Card
1994 Wild Card
1995 Wild Card
1997 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
2011 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
2016 Wild Card
10–41
24–28
12–16
37–58
10–20
13–27
28–45
20–24
6-26
Redskins
Packers
Packers
Eagles
Buccaneers
Redskins
Saints
Cowboys
Seahawks
TBD

Green Bay Packers
005 (2 loss) streaks
7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1997 Conference
Championship
2.2 !2
1997.2 !Super Bowl XXXII
1998 Wild Card
24–31
27–30
Broncos
49ers
2001 Wild Card

7000200000000000000♠ 2 years
2001
Wild Card
2.3 !2
2001.1 !2001 Div.
2002 Wild Card
17–45
7–27
Rams
Falcons
2003 Wild Card

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
2003
Wild Card
2.4 !2
2003.1 !2003 Div.
2004 Wild Card
17–20 (OT)
17–31
Eagles
Vikings
2007 Divisional

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
2007
Divisional
2.5 !2
2007.2 !2007 NFC Champ.
2009 Wild Card
20–23 (OT)
45–51 (OT)
Giants
Cardinals
2010 Wild Card

7000200000000000000♠ 2 years
2012
Wild Card
2.6 !2
2012 Div.
2013 Wild Card
31–45
20–23
49ers
49ers
2014 Divisional

Houston Texans
7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
2012 Wild Card
2
2012.1 !2012 Divisional
2015 Wild Card
28–41
0–30
Patriots
Chiefs
2016 Wild Card

Indianapolis Colts
002 (5 loss) streaks
7001240000000000000♠24 years
1971
Divisional
5.2 !5
1971.1 !1971 AFC Champ.
1975 Div.
1976 Div.
1977 Div.
1987 Div.
0–21
10–28
14–40
31–37 (2 OT)
21–38
Dolphins
Steelers
Steelers
Raiders
Browns
1995 Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1995
Divisional
5.3 !5
1995.3 !1995 AFC Champ.
1996 Wild Card
1999 Div.
2000 Wild Card
2002 Wild Card
16–20
14–42
16–19
17–23 (OT)
0–41
Steelers
Steelers
Titans
Dolphins
Jets
2003 Wild Card

Jacksonville Jaguars
002 (2 loss) streaks
2 years
1996
Divisional
2.6 !2
1996.2 !1996 AFC Champ.
1997 Wild Card
6–20
17–42
Patriots
Broncos
1998 Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1999
Divisional
2.7 !2
1999.2 !1999 AFC Champ.
2005 Wild Card
14–33
3–28
Titans
Patriots
2007 Div !2007 Wild Card

Kansas City Chiefs
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1993
Divisional
8
1993.2 !1993 AFC Champ.
1994 Wild Card
1995 Div.
1997 Div.
2003 Div.
2006 Wild Card
2010 Wild Card
2013 Wild Card
13–30
17–27
7–10
10–14
31–38
8–23
7–30
44–45
Bills
Dolphins
Colts
Broncos
Colts
Colts
Ravens
Colts
2015 Wild Card

Los Angeles Chargers
7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
1994
AFC Championship
4.8 !4
1994.2 !Super Bowl XXIX
1995 Wild Card
2004 Wild Card
2006 Div.
26–49
20–35
17–20 (OT)
21–24
49ers
Colts
Jets
Patriots
2007 Div !2007 Wild Card

Los Angeles Rams
7001230000000000000♠ 23 years
1951
Championship
5.5 !5
1952 Nat. Conf.
1955 NFL Champ.
1967 NFL W Conf.
1969 NFL W Conf.
1973 Div.
21–31
14–38
7–28
20–23
16–27
Lions
Browns
Packers
Vikings
Cowboys
1974 Divisional

Miami Dolphins
002 (4 loss) streaks
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1973
Super Bowl
4.5 !4
1974 Div.
1978 Wild Card
1979 Div.
1981 Div.
26–28
9–17
14–34
38–41 (OT)
Raiders
Oilers
Steelers
Chargers
1982 First Round

7001160000000000000♠ 16 years
2000
Wild Card
4.9 !4
2000 Div.
2001 Wild Card
2008 Wild Card
2016 Wild Card
0–27
3–20
9–27
12–30
Raiders
Ravens
Ravens
Steelers
TBD

Minnesota Vikings
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1988
Wild Card
6.3 !6
1988 Div.
1989 Div.
1992 Wild Card
1993 Wild Card
1994 Wild Card
1996 Wild Card
9–34
13–41
7–24
10–17
18–35
15–45
49ers
49ers
Redskins
Giants
Bears
Cowboys
1997 Wild Card

New England Patriots
7001220000000000000♠ 22 years
1963
Divisional
4.6 !4
1963 AFL Champ.
1976 Div.
1978 Div.
1982 1st Round
10–51
21–24
14–31
13–28
Chargers
Raiders
Oilers
Dolphins
1985 Wild Card

New Orleans Saints
7001320000000000000♠ 32 years
1967 Enfranchised
No Playoff
Wins
till 2000
4.7 !4
1987 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
1991 Wild Card
1992 Wild Card
10–44
6–16
20–27
20–36
Vikings
Bears
Falcons
Eagles
2000 Wild Card

New York Giants
7001180000000000000♠ 18 years
1938
Championship
6.4 !6
1939 NFL Champ.
1941 NFL Champ.
1943 East Div.
1944 NFL Champ.
1946 NFL Champ.
1950 Am. Conf.
0–27
9–37
0–28
7–14
14–24
3–8
Packers
Bears
Redskins
Packers
Bears
Browns
1956 Championship

New York Jets
005 (2 loss) streaks
7001140000000000000♠ 14 years
1968
Super Bowl III
2.8 !2
1969 AFL Div.
1981 Wild Card
6–13
27–31
Chiefs
Bills
1982 First Round

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1982 2nd Round
2.9 !2
1982.1 !1982 AFC Champ.
1985 Wild Card
0–14
14–26
Dolphins
Patriots
1986 Wild Card

7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1986 Wild Card
2.91 !2
1986 Div.
1991 Wild Card
20–23 (2 OT)
10–17
Browns
Oilers
1998 World !1998 Divisional

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1998 Divisional
2.92 !2
1998.1 !1998 AFC Champ.
2001 Wild Card
10–23
24–38
Broncos
Raiders
2002 Div !2002 Wild Card

7000500000000000000♠ 5 years
2004
Wild Card
2.93 !2
2004.1 !2004 Divisional
2006 Wild Card
17–20 (OT)
16–37
Steelers
Patriots
2009 Wild Card

Oakland Raiders
004 (2 loss) streaks
7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1970
Divisional
2.94 !2
1970 AFC Champ.
1972 Div.
17–27
7–13
Colts
Steelers
1973 Divisional

7000700000000000000♠ 7 years
1983
Super Bowl XVIII
2.95 !2
1984 Wild Card
1985 Div.
7–13
20–27
Seahawks
Patriots
1990 Divisional

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1990 Divisional
2.96 !2
1990.2 !1990 AFC Champ.
1991 Wild Card
3–51
6–10
Bills
Chiefs
1993 Wild Card

7001140000000000000♠ 14 years
2002 AFC Championship
2.96 !2
1990.2 !Super Bowl XXXVIII
2016 Wild Card
24-41
14-27
Bucs
Texans
TBD

Philadelphia Eagles
7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1980
Conference
Championship
5.4 !5
1980.1 !Super Bowl XV
1981 Wild Card
1988 Div.
1989 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
10–27
21–27
12–20
7–21
6–20
Raiders
Giants
Bears
Rams
Redskins
1992 Wild Card

Pittsburgh Steelers
002 (3 loss) streaks
7000500000000000000♠ 5 years
1989
Wild Card
3.3 !3
1989.1 !1989 Div.
1992 Div.
1993 Wild Card
23–24
3–24
24–27
Broncos
Bills
Chiefs
1994 Divisional

7000400000000000000♠4 years
2010 AFC Championship
3
2010.1 !Super Bowl XLV
2011 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
25–31
23–29
17–30
Packers
Broncos
Ravens
2015 Wild Card

San Francisco 49ers
7000400000000000000♠4 years
1984
Super Bowl XIX
3.4 !3
1985 Wild Card
1986 Div.
1987 Div.
3–17
3–49
24–36
Giants
Giants
Vikings
1988 Divisional

Seattle Seahawks
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1984
Su !1984
Wild Card
6.5 !6
1984.2 !1984 Div.
1987 Wild Card
1988 Div.
1999 Wild Card
2003 Wild Card
2004 Wild Card
10–31
20–23 (OT)
13–21
17–20
27–33 (OT)
20–27
Dolphins
Oilers
Bengals
Dolphins
Packers
Rams
2005 Divisional

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
002 (3 loss) streaks
7001180000000000000♠ 18 years
1979
Divisional
3.5 !3
1979.2 !1979 NFC Champ.
1981 Div.
1982 1st Round
0–9
0–38
17–30
Rams
Cowboys
Cowboys
1997 Wild Card

7000300000000000000♠3 years
1999
Divisional
3.6 !3
1999.3 !1999 NFC Champ.
2000 Wild Card
2001 Wild Card
6–11
3–21
9–31
Rams
Eagles
Eagles
2002 Divisional

Tennessee Titans^
004 (3 loss) streaks
7001170000000000000♠ 17 years
1961 AFL
Championship
3.7 !3[Hou]
1962 AFL Champ.
1967 AFL Champ.
1969 AFL Div.
17–20 (2 OT)
7–40
7–56
Chief !Dallas Texans
Raiders
Raiders
1978 Wild Card

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1988
Wild Card
3.8 !3[Hou]
1988 Div.
1989 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
10–17
23–26 (OT)
14–41
Bills
Steelers
Bengals
1991
Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1991
Div !1991
Wild Card
3.9 !3[Hou]
1991.1 !1991 Divisional
1992 Wild Card
1993 Divisional
24–26
38–41 (OT)
20–28
Broncos
Bills
Chiefs
1999
Wild Card

7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
2003
Wild Card
3.91 !3
2003.3 !2003 Div.
2007 Wild Card
2008 Div.
14–17
6–17
10–13
Patriots
Chargers
Ravens
TBD

Washington Redskins
002 (4 loss) streaks
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
1972
NFC Championship
4.9 !4
1972.2 !Super Bowl VII
1973 Div.
1974 Div.
1976 Div.
7–14
20–27
10–19
20–35
Dolphins
Vikings
Rams
Vikings
1982 First Round

7001110000000000000♠ 11 years
2005
Wild Card
4.9 !4
2005 Div.
2007 Wild Card
2012 Wild Card
2015 Wild Card
10–20
14–35
14–24
18–35
Seahawks
Seahawks
Seahawks
Packers
TBD

Team
Streak lasted
Last win
Games Lost
Playoff Games
Score
Opponent
Next win

text: Hou These three streaks occurred when the team was known as the Houston Oilers.

text: Longest post-season droughts in team history[edit]

text: Note that the NFL did not institute a permanent playoff tournament until 1967 and that the NFL Championship Game and any impromptu one-game playoffs (played only in the event of a tie atop the division standings) were the only postseason matchups in this era (the Bert Bell Benefit Bowl is considered an exhibition game for the purpose of this list).

text: Updated through the December 17th games.

text:
0^0
Denotes active streak

text:
No post season appearances

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season appearances
Seasons

Washington Redskins
1946–1970
25

Arizona Cardinals
1949–1973
25

Pittsburgh Steelers
1948–1971
24

New Orleans Saints
1967–1986
20

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1977
17

New York Giants
1964–1980
17

Buffalo Bills^
2000–2016^
17

Detroit Lions
1936–1951
16

Green Bay Packers
1945–1959
15

Cleveland Browns^
2003–2017^
15

Kansas City Chiefs
1972–1985
14

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1983–1996
14

Cincinnati Bengals
1991–2004
14

Chicago Bears
1964–1976
13

Los Angeles Chargers
1966–1978
13

Oakland Raiders
2003–2015
13

San Francisco 49ers
1958–1969
12

New England Patriots
1964–1975
12

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977
12

Los Angeles Rams^
2005–2016^
12

New York Jets
1970–1980
11

Seattle Seahawks
1989–1998
10

Indianapolis Colts
1978–1986
9

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars
2008–2016
9

Tennessee Titans^
1970–1977
2009–2016^

8

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1967
7

Miami Dolphins
2009–2015
7

Dallas Cowboys
1960–1965
6

Carolina Panthers
1997–2002
6

Baltimore Ravens
1996–1999
4

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season appearances
Seasons

No post season victories

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season victories
Seasons

Arizona Cardinals
1948–1997
50

Pittsburgh Steelers
1933–1971
39

Detroit Lions
1958–1990
33

New Orleans Saints
1967–1999
33

Washington Redskins
1944–1971
28

Cincinnati Bengals^
1991–2017^
27

Indianapolis Colts
1972–1994
23

Los Angeles Rams
1952–1973
22

New York Giants
1959–1980
22

New England Patriots
1964–1984
21

Kansas City Chiefs
1970–1990
1994–2014
21

Buffalo Bills^
1996–2016^
21

San Francisco 49ers
1950–1969
20

Chicago Bears
1964–1983
20

Seattle Seahawks
1985–2004
20

Cleveland Browns^
1995, 1999–2017^
20

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1978
18

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1980–1996
17

Green Bay Packers
1945–1960
16

Tennessee Titans
1962–1977
16

Los Angeles Chargers
1964–1979
16

Miami Dolphins^
2001–2016^
16

Oakland Raiders^
2003–2016^
14

New York Jets
1969–1981
13

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977;
1979–1990
12

Dallas Cowboys
1997–2008
12

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars^
2008–2016^
9

Minnesota Vikings
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Team
Longest streak with
no post-season victories
Seasons


document_title: Perspective (graphical)

question_text: who is often credited as the first painter to fully utilize the theory of linear perspective

root

text: Perspective (graphical)

text: Overview[edit]

text: Linear perspective always works by representing the light that passes from a scene through an imaginary rectangle (realized as the plane of the painting), to the viewer's eye, as if a viewer were looking through a window and painting what is seen directly onto the windowpane. If viewed from the same spot as the windowpane was painted, the painted image would be identical to what was seen through the unpainted window. Each painted object in the scene is thus a flat, scaled down version of the object on the other side of the window.[1] Because each portion of the painted object lies on the straight line from the viewer's eye to the equivalent portion of the real object it represents, the viewer sees no difference (sans depth perception) between the painted scene on the windowpane and the view of the real scene. All perspective drawings assume the viewer is a certain distance away from the drawing. Objects are scaled relative to that viewer. An object is often not scaled evenly: a circle often appears as an ellipse and a square can appear as a trapezoid. This distortion is referred to as foreshortening.

tag: p

text: Perspective drawings have a horizon line, which is often implied. This line, directly opposite the viewer's eye, represents objects infinitely far away. They have shrunk, in the distance, to the infinitesimal thickness of a line. It is analogous to (and named after) the Earth's horizon.

text: Any perspective representation of a scene that includes parallel lines has one or more vanishing points in a perspective drawing. A one-point perspective drawing means that the drawing has a single vanishing point, usually (though not necessarily) directly opposite the viewer's eye and usually (though not necessarily) on the horizon line. All lines parallel with the viewer's line of sight recede to the horizon towards this vanishing point. This is the standard "receding railroad tracks" phenomenon. A two-point drawing would have lines parallel to two different angles. Any number of vanishing points are possible in a drawing, one for each set of parallel lines that are at an angle relative to the plane of the drawing.

text: Perspectives consisting of many parallel lines are observed most often when drawing architecture (architecture frequently uses lines parallel to the x, y, and z axes). Because it is rare to have a scene consisting solely of lines parallel to the three Cartesian axes (x, y, and z), it is rare to see perspectives in practice with only one, two, or three vanishing points; even a simple house frequently has a peaked roof which results in a minimum of six sets of parallel lines, in turn corresponding to up to six vanishing points.

text: In contrast, natural scenes often do not have any sets of parallel lines and thus no vanishing points.

text: Early history[edit]

text: The earliest art paintings and drawings typically sized many objects and characters hierarchically according to their spiritual or thematic importance, not their distance from the viewer, and did not use foreshortening. The most important figures are often shown as the highest in a composition, also from hieratic motives, leading to the so-called "vertical perspective", common in the art of Ancient Egypt, where a group of "nearer" figures are shown below the larger figure or figures. The only method to indicate the relative position of elements in the composition was by overlapping, of which much use is made in works like the Parthenon Marbles.

text: History[edit]

text: Chinese artists made use of oblique perspective from the first or second century until the 18th century. It is not certain how they came to use the technique; some authorities suggest that the Chinese acquired the technique from India, which acquired it from Ancient Rome.[2] Oblique projection is also seen in Japanese art, such as in the Ukiyo-e paintings of Torii Kiyonaga (1752–1815).[2] In the 18th century, Chinese artists began to combine oblique perspective with regular diminution of size of people and objects with distance; no particular vantage point is chosen, but a convincing effect is achieved.[2]

text: Systematic attempts to evolve a system of perspective are usually considered to have begun around the fifth century BC in the art of ancient Greece, as part of a developing interest in illusionism allied to theatrical scenery. This was detailed within Aristotle's Poetics as skenographia: using flat panels on a stage to give the illusion of depth.[3] The philosophers Anaxagoras and Democritus worked out geometric theories of perspective for use with skenographia. Alcibiades had paintings in his house designed using skenographia, so this art was not confined merely to the stage. Euclid's Optics introduced a mathematical theory of perspective, but there is some debate over the extent to which Euclid's perspective coincides with the modern mathematical definition.

text: By the later periods of antiquity, artists, especially those in less popular traditions, were well aware that distant objects could be shown smaller than those close at hand for increased realism, but whether this convention was actually used in a work depended on many factors. Some of the paintings found in the ruins of Pompeii show a remarkable realism and perspective for their time.[4] It has been claimed that comprehensive systems of perspective were evolved in antiquity, but most scholars do not accept this. Hardly any of the many works where such a system would have been used have survived. A passage in Philostratus suggests that classical artists and theorists thought in terms of "circles" at equal distance from the viewer, like a classical semi-circular theatre seen from the stage.[5] The roof beams in rooms in the Vatican Virgil, from about 400 AD, are shown converging, more or less, on a common vanishing point, but this is not systematically related to the rest of the composition.[6] In the Late Antique period use of perspective techniques declined. The art of the new cultures of the Migration Period had no tradition of attempting compositions of large numbers of figures and Early Medieval art was slow and inconsistent in relearning the convention from classical models, though the process can be seen underway in Carolingian art.

text: Various paintings and drawings during the Middle Ages show amateur attempts at projections of furniture, where parallel lines are successfully represented in isometric projection, or by non parallel ones, but without a single vanishing point.

text: Medieval artists in Europe, like those in the Islamic world and China, were aware of the general principle of varying the relative size of elements according to distance, but even more than classical art was perfectly ready to override it for other reasons. Buildings were often shown obliquely according to a particular convention. The use and sophistication of attempts to convey distance increased steadily during the period, but without a basis in a systematic theory. Byzantine art was also aware of these principles, but also had the reverse perspective convention for the setting of principal figures.

text: Renaissance: mathematical basis[edit]

text:
External video

 Linear Perspective: Brunelleschi's Experiment, Smarthistory[7]

 How One-Point Linear Perspective Works, Smarthistory[8]

 Empire of the Eye: The Magic of Illusion: The Trinity-Masaccio, Part 2, National Gallery of Art[9]

tag: table

text: In about 1413 a contemporary of Ghiberti, Filippo Brunelleschi, demonstrated the geometrical method of perspective, used today by artists, by painting the outlines of various Florentine buildings onto a mirror. When the building's outline was continued, he noticed that all of the lines converged on the horizon line. According to Vasari, he then set up a demonstration of his painting of the Baptistery in the incomplete doorway of the Duomo. He had the viewer look through a small hole on the back of the painting, facing the Baptistery. He would then set up a mirror, facing the viewer, which reflected his painting. To the viewer, the painting of the Baptistery and the building itself were nearly indistinguishable.

text: Soon after, nearly every artist in Florence and in Italy used geometrical perspective in their paintings,[10] notably Paolo Uccello, Masolino da Panicale and Donatello. Donatello started sculpting elaborate checkerboard floors into the simple manger portrayed in the birth of Christ. Although hardly historically accurate, these checkerboard floors obeyed the primary laws of geometrical perspective: the lines converged approximately to a vanishing point, and the rate at which the horizontal lines receded into the distance was graphically determined. This became an integral part of Quattrocento art. Melozzo da Forlì first used the technique of upward foreshortening (in Rome, Loreto, Forlì and others), and was celebrated for that. Not only was perspective a way of showing depth, it was also a new method of composing a painting. Paintings began to show a single, unified scene, rather than a combination of several.

text: As shown by the quick proliferation of accurate perspective paintings in Florence, Brunelleschi likely understood (with help from his friend the mathematician Toscanelli),[11] but did not publish, the mathematics behind perspective. Decades later, his friend Leon Battista Alberti wrote De pictura (1435/1436), a treatise on proper methods of showing distance in painting. Alberti's primary breakthrough was not to show the mathematics in terms of conical projections, as it actually appears to the eye. Instead, he formulated the theory based on planar projections, or how the rays of light, passing from the viewer's eye to the landscape, would strike the picture plane (the painting). He was then able to calculate the apparent height of a distant object using two similar triangles. The mathematics behind similar triangles is relatively simple, having been long ago formulated by Euclid. In viewing a wall, for instance, the first triangle has a vertex at the user's eye, and vertices at the top and bottom of the wall. The bottom of this triangle is the distance from the viewer to the wall. The second, similar triangle, has a point at the viewer's eye, and has a length equal to the viewer's eye from the painting. The height of the second triangle can then be determined through a simple ratio, as proven by Euclid. Alberti was also trained in the science of optics through the school of Padua and under the influence of Biagio Pelacani da Parma who studied Alhazen's Book of Optics [12] (see what was noted above in this regard with respect to Ghiberti). Alhazen's Book of Optics, translated around 1200 into Latin, laid the mathematical foundation for perspective in Europe.[13]

text: Piero della Francesca elaborated on Della Pittura in his De Prospectiva Pingendi in the 1470s. Alberti had limited himself to figures on the ground plane and giving an overall basis for perspective. Della Francesca fleshed it out, explicitly covering solids in any area of the picture plane. Della Francesca also started the now common practice of using illustrated figures to explain the mathematical concepts, making his treatise easier to understand than Alberti's. Della Francesca was also the first to accurately draw the Platonic solids as they would appear in perspective. Luca Pacioli's 1509 De divina proportione (On Divine Proportion), illustrated by Leonardo da Vinci, summarized the use of perspective in painting.[14]

text: Perspective remained, for a while, the domain of Florence. Jan van Eyck, among others, was unable to create a consistent structure for the converging lines in paintings, as in London's The Arnolfini Portrait, because he was unaware of the theoretical breakthrough just then occurring in Italy. However he achieved very subtle effects by manipulations of scale in his interiors. Gradually, and partly through the movement of academies of the arts, the Italian techniques became part of the training of artists across Europe, and later other parts of the world.

text: The culmination of these Renaissance traditions finds its ultimate synthesis in the research of the 17th century architect, geometer, and optician Girard Desargues on perspective, optics and projective geometry. Further advances in projective geometry, in the 19th and 20th centuries, led to the development of analytic geometry, algebraic geometry, relativity and quantum mechanics.

text: Present: computer graphics[edit]

text: 3-D computer games and ray-tracers often use a modified version of perspective. Like the painter, the computer program is generally not concerned with every ray of light that is in a scene. Instead, the program simulates rays of light traveling backwards from the monitor (one for every pixel), and checks to see what it hits. In this way, the program does not have to compute the trajectories of millions of rays of light that pass from a light source, hit an object, and miss the viewer.[dubious – discuss]

text: CAD software, and some computer games (especially games using 3-D polygons) use linear algebra, and in particular matrix multiplication, to create a sense of perspective. The scene is a set of points, and these points are projected to a plane (computer screen)[dubious – discuss] in front of the view point (the viewer's eye). The problem of perspective is simply finding the corresponding coordinates on the plane corresponding to the points in the scene. By the theories of linear algebra, a matrix multiplication directly computes the desired coordinates, thus bypassing any descriptive geometry theorems used in perspective drawing.[dubious – discuss].

text: Types of perspective[edit]

text: Of the many types of perspective drawings, the most common categorizations of artificial perspective are one-, two- and three-point. The names of these categories refer to the number of vanishing points in the perspective drawing.

text: One-point perspective[edit]

text: A drawing has one-point perspective when it contains only one vanishing point on the horizon line. This type of perspective is typically used for images of roads, railway tracks, hallways, or buildings viewed so that the front is directly facing the viewer. Any objects that are made up of lines either directly parallel with the viewer's line of sight or directly perpendicular (the railroad slats) can be represented with one-point perspective. These parallel lines converge at the vanishing point.

text: One-point perspective exists when the picture plane is parallel to two axes of a rectilinear (or Cartesian) scene – a scene which is composed entirely of linear elements that intersect only at right angles. If one axis is parallel with the picture plane, then all elements are either parallel to the picture plane (either horizontally or vertically) or perpendicular to it. All elements that are parallel to the picture plane are drawn as parallel lines. All elements that are perpendicular to the picture plane converge at a single point (a vanishing point) on the horizon.

text: Examples of one-point perspective

tag: ul

text: Two-point perspective[edit]

text: A drawing has two-point perspective when it contains two vanishing points on the horizon line. In an illustration, these vanishing points can be placed arbitrarily along the horizon. Two-point perspective can be used to draw the same objects as one-point perspective, rotated: looking at the corner of a house, or at two forked roads shrinking into the distance, for example. One point represents one set of parallel lines, the other point represents the other. Seen from the corner, one wall of a house would recede towards one vanishing point while the other wall recedes towards the opposite vanishing point.

text: Two-point perspective exists when the painting plate is parallel to a Cartesian scene in one axis (usually the z-axis) but not to the other two axes. If the scene being viewed consists solely of a cylinder sitting on a horizontal plane, no difference exists in the image of the cylinder between a one-point and two-point perspective.

text: Two-point perspective has one set of lines parallel to the picture plane and two sets oblique to it. Parallel lines oblique to the picture plane converge to a vanishing point, which means that this set-up will require two vanishing points.

text: Three-point perspective[edit]

text: Three-point perspective is often used for buildings seen from above (or below). In addition to the two vanishing points from before, one for each wall, there is now one for how the vertical lines of the walls recede. For an object seen from above, this third vanishing point is below the ground. For an object seen from below, as when the viewer looks up at a tall building, the third vanishing point is high in space.

text: Three-point perspective exists when the perspective is a view of a Cartesian scene where the picture plane is not parallel to any of the scene's three axes. Each of the three vanishing points corresponds with one of the three axes of the scene. One, two and three-point perspectives appear to embody different forms of calculated perspective, and are generated by different methods. Mathematically, however, all three are identical; the difference is merely in the relative orientation of the rectilinear scene to the viewer.

text: Four-point perspective[edit]

text: Four-point perspective, also called infinite-point perspective, is the curvilinear (see curvilinear perspective) variant of two-point perspective. A four-point perspective image can represent a 360° panorama, and even beyond 360° to depict impossible scenes. This perspective can be used with either a horizontal or a vertical horizon line: in the latter configuration it can depict both a worm's-eye and bird's-eye view of a scene at the same time.

text: Like all other foreshortened variants of perspective (one-point to six-point perspectives), it starts off with a horizon line, followed by four equally spaced vanishing points to delineate four vertical lines. The vanishing points made to create the curvilinear orthogonals are thus made ad hoc on the four vertical lines placed on the opposite side of the horizon line. The only dimension not foreshortened in this type of perspective is that of the rectilinear and parallel lines perpendicular to the horizon line – similar to the vertical lines used in two-point perspective.

text: One-point, two-point, and three-point perspective are dependent on the structure of the scene being viewed. These only exist for strict Cartesian (rectilinear) scenes. By inserting into a Cartesian scene a set of parallel lines that are not parallel to any of the three axes of the scene, a new distinct vanishing point is created. Therefore, it is possible to have an infinite-point perspective if the scene being viewed is not a Cartesian scene but instead consists of infinite pairs of parallel lines, where each pair is not parallel to any other pair.

text: Zero-point perspective[edit]

text: In its usual sense, zero-point perspective is not truly "zero-point". Rather, because vanishing points exist only when parallel lines are present in the scene, a perspective with no vanishing points ("zero-point" perspective) occurs if the viewer is observing a non-linear scene containing no parallel lines.[15] The most common example of such a nonlinear scene is a natural scene (e.g., a mountain range) which frequently does not contain any parallel lines. This is not to be confused with elevation, since a view without explicit vanishing points may still have been drawn such that, there would have been vanishing points had there been parallel lines, and thus enjoy the sense of depth as a perspective projection.

text: On the other hand, parallel projection such as elevation can be approximated by viewing the object in question from very far away, because projection lines from the point of view approaches parallel when the point of view (POV) approaches infinity. This may account for the confusion over zero-point perspective, since natural scenes often are viewed from very far away, and the size of objects within the scene would be insignificant compared to their distance to the POV. Any given small objects in said scene would thus mimic the look of parallel projection.

text: Foreshortening[edit]

text: Foreshortening is the visual effect or optical illusion that causes an object or distance to appear shorter than it actually is because it is angled toward the viewer. Additionally, an object is often not scaled evenly: a circle often appears as an ellipse and a square can appear as a trapezoid.

text: Although foreshortening is an important element in art where visual perspective is being depicted, foreshortening occurs in other types of two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional scenes. Some other types where foreshortening can occur include oblique parallel projection drawings. Foreshortening also occurs when imaging rugged terrain using a synthetic aperture radar system.[citation needed]

text: In painting, foreshortening in the depiction of the human figure was perfected in the Italian Renaissance, and the Lamentation over the Dead Christ by Andrea Mantegna (1480s) is one of the most famous of a number of works that show off the new technique, which thereafter became a standard part of the training of artists.

text: Methods of construction[edit]

text: Several methods of constructing perspectives exist, including:

text:
Freehand sketching (common in art)
Graphically constructing (once common in architecture)
Using a perspective grid
Computing a perspective transform (common in 3D computer applications)
Mimicry using tools such as a proportional divider (sometimes called a variscaler)
Copying a photograph

text: Example[edit]

text: One of the most common, and earliest, uses of geometrical perspective is a checkerboard floor. It is a simple but striking application of one-point perspective. Many of the properties of perspective drawing are used while drawing a checkerboard. The checkerboard floor is, essentially, just a combination of a series of squares. Once a single square is drawn, it can be widened or subdivided into a checkerboard. Where necessary, lines and points will be referred to by their colors in the diagram.

text: To draw a square in perspective, the artist starts by drawing a horizon line (black) and determining where the vanishing point (green) should be. The higher up the horizon line is, the lower the viewer will appear to be looking, and vice versa. The more off-center the vanishing point, the more tilted the square will be. Because the square is made up of right angles, the vanishing point should be directly in the middle of the horizon line. A rotated square is drawn using two-point perspective, with each set of parallel lines leading to a different vanishing point.

text: The foremost edge of the (orange) square is drawn near the bottom of the painting. Because the viewer's picture plane is parallel to the bottom of the square, this line is horizontal. Lines connecting each side of the foremost edge to the vanishing point are drawn (in grey). These lines give the basic, one point "railroad tracks" perspective. The closer it is the horizon line, the farther away it is from the viewer, and the smaller it will appear. The farther away from the viewer it is, the closer it is to being perpendicular to the picture plane.

text: A new point (the eye) is now chosen, on the horizon line, either to the left or right of the vanishing point. The distance from this point to the vanishing point represents the distance of the viewer from the drawing. If this point is very far from the vanishing point, the square will appear squashed, and far away. If it is close, it will appear stretched out, as if it is very close to the viewer.

text: A line connecting this point to the opposite corner of the square is drawn. Where this (blue) line hits the side of the square, a horizontal line is drawn, representing the farthest edge of the square. The line just drawn represents the ray of light traveling from the farthest edge of the square to the viewer's eye. This step is key to understanding perspective drawing. The light that passes through the picture plane obviously can not be traced. Instead, lines that represent those rays of light are drawn on the picture plane. In the case of the square, the side of the square also represents the picture plane (at an angle), so there is a small shortcut: when the line hits the side of the square, it has also hit the appropriate spot in the picture plane. The (blue) line is drawn to the opposite edge of the foremost edge because of another shortcut: since all sides are the same length, the foremost edge can stand in for the side edge.

text: Original formulations used, instead of the side of the square, a vertical line to one side, representing the picture plane. Each line drawn through this plane was identical to the line of sight from the viewer's eye to the drawing, only rotated around the y-axis ninety degrees. It is, conceptually, an easier way of thinking of perspective. It can be easily shown that both methods are mathematically identical, and result in the same placement of the farthest side.

text: Limitations[edit]

text: Plato was one of the first to discuss the problems of perspective.

text: "Thus (through perspective) every sort of confusion is revealed within us; and this is that weakness of the human mind on which the art of conjuring and of deceiving by light and shadow and other ingenious devices imposes, having an effect upon us like magic... And the arts of measuring and numbering and weighing come to the rescue of the human understanding – there is the beauty of them – and the apparent greater or less, or more or heavier, no longer have the mastery over us, but give way before calculation and measure and weight?"[16]

text: Perspective images are calculated assuming a particular vanishing point. In order for the resulting image to appear identical to the original scene, a viewer of the perspective must view the image from the exact vantage point used in the calculations relative to the image. This cancels out what would appear to be distortions in the image when viewed from a different point. These apparent distortions are more pronounced away from the center of the image as the angle between a projected ray (from the scene to the eye) becomes more acute relative to the picture plane. In practice, unless the viewer chooses an extreme angle, like looking at it from the bottom corner of the window, the perspective normally looks more or less correct. This is referred to as "Zeeman's Paradox".[17] It has been suggested that a drawing in perspective still seems to be in perspective at other spots because we still perceive it as a drawing, because it lacks depth of field cues.[18]

text: For a typical perspective, however, the field of view is narrow enough (often only 60 degrees) that the distortions are similarly minimal enough that the image can be viewed from a point other than the actual calculated vantage point without appearing significantly distorted. When a larger angle of view is required, the standard method of projecting rays onto a flat picture plane becomes impractical. As a theoretical maximum, the field of view of a flat picture plane must be less than 180 degrees (as the field of view increases towards 180 degrees, the required breadth of the picture plane approaches infinity).

text: To create a projected ray image with a large field of view, one can project the image onto a curved surface. To have a large field of view horizontally in the image, a surface that is a vertical cylinder (i.e., the axis of the cylinder is parallel to the z-axis) will suffice (similarly, if the desired large field of view is only in the vertical direction of the image, a horizontal cylinder will suffice). A cylindrical picture surface will allow for a projected ray image up to a full 360 degrees in either the horizontal or vertical dimension of the perspective image (depending on the orientation of the cylinder). In the same way, by using a spherical picture surface, the field of view can be a full 360 degrees in any direction (note that for a spherical surface, all projected rays from the scene to the eye intersect the surface at a right angle).

text: Just as a standard perspective image must be viewed from the calculated vantage point for the image to appear identical to the true scene, a projected image onto a cylinder or sphere must likewise be viewed from the calculated vantage point for it to be precisely identical to the original scene. If an image projected onto a cylindrical surface is "unrolled" into a flat image, different types of distortions occur. For example, many of the scene's straight lines will be drawn as curves. An image projected onto a spherical surface can be flattened in various ways:

text:
An image equivalent to an unrolled cylinder
A portion of the sphere can be flattened into an image equivalent to a standard perspective
An image similar to a fisheye photograph


document_title: Superstore (TV series)

question_text: when does the new season of superstore start

text: Superstore (TV series)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
America Ferrera as Amelia "Amy" Dubanowski, a Honduran-American Cloud 9 employee of eleven years who worked as an associate, then floor supervisor, then assistant manager, and very briefly store manager. Amy always wears a different name tag because she doesn't like strangers using her real name.
Ben Feldman as Jonah Simms, a Cloud 9 sales associate. He and Mateo were both hired in the series' pilot episode.
Lauren Ash as Dina Fox, Cloud 9's intense and no-nonsense assistant store manager.
Colton Dunn as Garrett McNeil, a sarcastic and indifferent Cloud 9 associate who is paralyzed from the waist down.
Nico Santos as Mateo Fernando Aquino Liwanag, a gay Filipino Cloud 9 associate who was hired at the same time as Jonah. He later goes on to secretly date Jeff, Cloud 9 district manager.
Nichole Bloom as Cheyenne Thompson (née Lee), a Cloud 9 associate. She is a pregnant 17-year-old high school student at the start of the series. She gave birth to her daughter, Harmonica, in the store in the first-season finale, and married her boyfriend Bo Derek Thompson (the baby's father) during the second season.
Mark McKinney as Glenn Sturgis, Cloud 9's store manager. Glenn is a devout Christian and a foster-father to many children.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Johnny Pemberton as Bo Thompson, Cheyenne's immature, wannabe-rapper husband and her baby's father.
Kaliko Kauahi as Sandra, a Cloud 9 employee who has trouble bringing up legitimate concerns and being heard. She will often attempt to make her voice heard only to shoot herself down shortly after, or during. She also has superior autobiographical memory in which she can remember every single day of her life.
Josh Lawson as Tate Stasklewicz, a Cloud 9 pharmacist who is often rude, panicky, sarcastic and full of himself.
Linda Porter as Myrtle, an elderly Cloud 9 employee who is often quite confused and forgetful.
Jon Barinholtz as Marcus, a dim-witted Cloud 9 employee who briefly dates Dina after Jonah rejects her. Marcus was briefly sent to jail after his mother sold him out.
Ryan Gaul as Adam Dubanowski, Amy's estranged husband and Emma's father. Adam and Amy were high school sweethearts, got married at 19, and had Emma thereafter. In the episode "Color Wars" it is revealed that he's a YouTube personality who makes grilling videos.
Jon Miyahara as Brett Kobashigawa, a Cloud 9 employee who is always stated to break every sales and competition record, despite never actually moving on camera.
Michael Bunin as Jeff Sutin (season 2–), District Manager who oversees the St. Louis Cloud 9, among others. He is revealed to be gay, and has a romantic interest in Mateo.
Irene White as Carol, a man-hungry Cloud 9 employee who has a rivalry with Sandra, whom she accuses of stealing her boyfriend.
Kelly Stables as Kelly, a divorcee who begins working at Cloud 9 in season 3.

text: Notable guest stars[edit]

text: Howie Mandel as Himself, a comedian whom Dina mistakes as a Cloud 9 employee.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
11
November 30, 2015 (2015-11-30)
February 22, 2016 (2016-02-22)

Special
August 19, 2016 (2016-08-19)

2
21
September 22, 2016 (2016-09-22)
May 4, 2017 (2017-05-04)

3
22[5]
September 28, 2017 (2017-09-28)
TBA

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and filming[edit]

text: The series was one of three pilots picked up by NBC on January 14, 2015, along with the sitcom Crowded; both were green lighted to series status on May 7, 2015.[6] The series was the first project for Ruben Fleischer's newly formed company The District as part of a two-year deal with Universal, as he directed the pilot episode.[7] Superstore was officially picked up as a series on May 7, 2015, by NBC.[8] The first season consisted of eleven episodes, after the episode order was reduced from thirteen on October 19, 2015.[9] It was announced on November 2, 2015, that the series would air the premiere on January 4, 2016, but would be airing two back-to-back episodes on November 30, 2015, following The Voice.[10]

text: On February 23, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season by NBC.[11] On May 15, 2016, NBC announced that the series would lead off its Thursday night primetime programming in the 2016–17 season. The second season premiered on September 22, 2016,[12] with a 22-episode order that was announced on September 23, 2016. The season concluded on May 4, 2017.[13] A special Olympics-themed episode aired on August 19, 2016 during the network's coverage of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.[14][15]

text: Casting[edit]

text: It was announced on February 20, 2015, that Lauren Ash had been cast as a series regular, and would be playing Dina, the store’s assistant manager.[16] On March 2, 2015, Deadline reported that Superstore had added three other cast members, which was Colton Dunn, Mark McKinney and Nico Santos. The website reported that Dunn would be playing Garret, the often-sarcastic narrator of the piece, McKinney would be playing Glenn, the intense store manager, and Santos would be playing Mateo, another new employee and a brown-noser from an impoverished background.[17] On March 12, 2015, Nichole Bloom was announced to have joined the show as Cheyenne, a very pregnant teenage employee.[18][19]

text: Deadline announced on March 13, 2015, that Ben Feldman had landed the male lead in Superstore, as Jonah, a new employee in the superstore Cloud 9.[20] Three days later, TVLine announced on March 16, 2015, that America Ferrera had landed the female lead as the floor supervisor Amy in the Cloud 9 store. It was also reported that Ferrera was also a producer for the show.[21]

text: The Mindy Project crossover[edit]

text: The series is implied to take place in the same fictional universe as Hulu's The Mindy Project, another series also produced by NBCUniversal Television. The episode "Under the Texan Sun" has Mindy Lahiri and Peter Prentice shopping at an Austin, Texas Cloud 9 location.

text: Cloud 9 Superstore[edit]

text: The Cloud 9 Superstore is a fictional hypermarket discount store. In addition to typical hypermarket products, Cloud 9 also sells guns[22] and liquor,[23] and has a pharmacy.[22] Additionally Cloud 9 has their own credit union for their employees.[22] They also previously had a photo studio.[24] The former spokesman for Cloud 9 was Daniel Hertzler (as Kyle the Cloud 9 Cloud), until he was arrested and charged with cannibalism.[25][26]

text: The corporation does not offer paid maternity leave,[27] health insurance or pay overtime to its employees.[28] Under Cloud 9 policy employees may take one bathroom break per shift, and are allotted 15 minutes for lunch.[29]

text: In an effort to control whats happening in the individual stores, all locks and lights,[23] as well as temperature control,[30] are controlled from the corporate office. In 2017, Cloud 9 changed their store brand from Halo to Super Cloud.[31]

text: The main store for the show is store 1217, which is located in St. Louis, Missouri, on Ozark Highlands Road.[28] The store falls under district manager Jeff Sutin.[28] The store was destroyed by a tornado during the season 2 finale,[32] which reopened during the season 3 premier.[33] During the pilot, the store set was inside a Kmart in Burbank, California,[34][35] however the set was later moved to two sound stages.[36] Other area locations include Kirkwood,[28] and Easton.[37] Additionally there is a location in Austin, Texas.[38][39]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The series debuted as a "preview" on November 30, 2015 following an episode of The Voice with 7 million viewers making it the second highest new comedy behind Life in Pieces.[40] The series then moved to its regular Monday at 8:00 pm timeslot on January 4, 2016 with more than 6 million viewers making the highest rated comedy that did not have The Voice as a lead-in since The Michael J. Fox Show back in September 2013.[1][41]

text:
Season
Time slot (ET/PT)
Episodes
Season premiere
Season finale
TV season
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

Date
Viewers
(in millions)
Date
Viewers
(in millions)

1
Monday 10:00 pm (Premiere)
Monday 9:00 pm (Episode 3)
Monday 8:00 pm (4-11)
11
November 30, 2015
7.21[40]
February 22, 2016
4.68[42]
2015–16
#66
6.58[43]

2
Thursday 8:00 pm
22
September 22, 2016
5.45[44]
May 4, 2017
2.91[45]
2016–17
#91
4.81[46]

3
22
September 28, 2017
4.60[47]

2017–18

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Early reviews for the series were mixed. According to Metacritic, the first season of Superstore holds a score of 58 out of 100, indicating "mixed to average reviews" based on 21 critics.[48] On another review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a 54% with a "Rotten" rating, based on 24 critics, with an average rating of 4.4/10. The general consensus is: "Superstore's talented cast and obvious potential are slightly overshadowed by a tonally jumbled presentation and thin, formulaic writing."[49] As the first season went along, however, reviews started to become more positive. Following the finale "Labor", the Los Angeles Times called it one of TV's best new comedies."[50] Pilot Viruet of The A.V. Club wrote that the "first season ... got better and more confident as it moved on", and that the first-season finale "is a nice little cap to a nice little sitcom that could’ve used a little more attention."[51] After the series aired its Olympics special, Variety wrote that the show was "a funny, pointed and essential workplace comedy", and that "there are no weak links in [the] ensemble".[52] The second season was lauded by critics and the season has a 100% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[53]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
Imagen Awards
Best Actress - Television
America Ferrera
Nominated
[54]

2017
Casting Society of America
Outstanding Achievement in Casting - Television Pilot and First Season - Comedy
Susie Farris, Collin Daniel, Brett Greenstein, Sherie Hernandez, Melanie Crescenz
Nominated
[55]

Gracie Awards
Actress in a Leading Role - Comedy or Musical
America Ferrera
Won
[56]

Golden Nymph Awards
TV Series Comedy
Superstore
Nominated
[57]

Best Actress - Comedy
America Ferrera
Nominated

Imagen Awards
Best Primetime Television Program - Comedy
Superstore
Nominated
[58]


document_title: Creme Puff (cat)

question_text: how old is the oldest cat that ever lived

text: Creme Puff (cat)

text:
Creme Puff

Other name(s)
Crème Puff

Species
Felis catus

Sex
Female

Born
(1967-08-03)August 3, 1967
Austin, Texas, U.S.

Died
August 6, 2005(2005-08-06) (aged 38)
Austin, Texas, U.S.

Owner
Jake Perry

text: Creme Puff (August 3, 1967 – August 6, 2005) was a domestic cat, owned by Jake Perry of Austin, Texas, who died aged 38 years and 3 days. She was the oldest cat ever recorded, according to the 2010 edition of Guinness World Records.[1][2][3] Perry had another cat, Granpa, who was claimed to have been born in Paris in 1964 and died in 1998, aged 34 years and 2 months. Granpa was posthumously awarded 1999 Cat of the Year by Cats & Kittens magazine.[4][5] Granpa was featured in an earlier edition of Guinness World Records.[6] The co-authors of at least one book have pondered whether the longevity of Perry's cats may have had something to do with an unusual diet of, among other things, bacon and eggs, asparagus, broccoli, and coffee with heavy cream, concluding that Perry "must be doing something right."[7]