document_title: Pretty in Pink

question_text: where was the movie pretty in pink filmed

text: Pretty in Pink

text: Plot[edit]

text: High school senior Andie Walsh lives modestly with her underemployed working class father, Jack in the suburbs of Chicago. Andie's best friend, Phil "Duckie" Dale, is in love with her, but is afraid to tell her how he truly feels. In school, Duckie and Andie, along with their friends, are harassed and bullied by the arrogant "richie" kids, specifically Benny Hanson and her boyfriend Steff McKee, who is secretly interested in Andie.

text: While working after school at TRAX, a new wave record store, Andie starts talking about her school's senior prom to her manager Iona, who advises Andie to go, despite not having a date. Blane McDonough, one of the preppy boys and Steff's best friend, starts talking to Andie and eventually asks her out.

text: On the night of the date, Andie waits for Blane at TRAX, but he is late. Duckie comes in and asks Andie to go out with him, but she ignores him. Feeling like she got stood up, Iona gives Andie a pep talk, while Duckie, still oblivious, asks what's wrong. When Blane arrives, Duckie is upset and starts an argument with Andie, with Duckie trying to convince her that Blane will only hurt her. Duckie storms off and Andie goes on with her date. Blane suggests going to a house party Steff is throwing, but Andie is treated poorly by everyone, including a drunk Steff and Benny. Andie, in turn, suggests going to the local club, where they discover Iona sitting with Duckie, who is hostile towards Blane. After another argument with Duckie, Andie and Blane walk out of the club. Andie, feeling that their night didn't go so well, tells Blane that she wants to go home, but when Blane offers to take her home, she refuses, admitting that she doesn't want him to see where she lives. She eventually allows him to drop her off and he asks her to the prom, which she accepts and they share their first kiss. Andie visits Iona at her apartment the next day to talk about the date. Meanwhile, Blane, pressured by Steff, begins distancing himself from Andie.

text: Jack comes home one night and surprises Andie with a pink dress he bought for her. Questioning how he was able to afford it, Andie tells him that she knows he has been lying about going to a full-time job. They have a big argument until Jack breaks down, revealing that he is still bitter and depressed about his wife having left him. At school, Andie confronts Blane for avoiding her and not returning her calls. When asked about prom, he claims that he had already asked somebody else but had forgotten. Andie starts calling Blane a liar and tells him that he is ashamed of being seen with her. Andie runs away as a teary-eyed Blane leaves, with Steff criticizing Andie. Duckie overhears Steff and attacks him in the hallway. The two fight before teachers intervene. Andie goes to Iona, crying and telling her about what happened, and then asks for Iona's old prom dress.

text: Using the fabric from Iona's dress and the dress her father bought, Andie creates a new pink prom dress. When she arrives at the prom, Andie has second thoughts about braving the crowd on her own until she sees Duckie. They reconcile and walk into the ballroom hand in hand. As a drunk Steff begins mocking the couple, Blane confronts him and finally realizes that Steff resents Andie because she had turned down his advances. Blane then approaches the two, shaking Duckie's hand and then apologizing to Andie, telling her that he always believed in her and that he will always love her, kissing her cheek before walking out. Duckie concedes that Blane is not like the other rich kids at school and advises Andie to go after him, joking that he'll never take her to another prom if she doesn't. Duckie then sees a girl smiling at him, signaling him to come over and dance with her. Andie catches up with Blane in the parking lot and they kiss passionately.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Molly Ringwald as Andie Walsh
Harry Dean Stanton as Jack Walsh
Jon Cryer as Philip F. "Duckie" Dale
Annie Potts as Iona
James Spader as Steff McKee
Andrew McCarthy as Blane McDonough
Kate Vernon as Benny Hanson
Andrew Dice Clay as Bouncer
Kristy Swanson as Duckette
Alexa Kenin as Jena Hoeman
Dweezil Zappa as Simon
Gina Gershon as Trombley

text: Alternate ending[edit]

text: Originally, the film portrayed Andie and Duckie ending up together;[7] however, test audiences disapproved,[8] and the Andie/Blane ending was produced instead. Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark had selected "Goddess of Love" from the album The Pacific Age for the original ending. With only two days before going on tour, OMD wrote "If You Leave" in less than 24 hours for the newly re-shot Andie/Blane ending.[9]

text: Novel[edit]

text: The film was adapted into a novel, written by H. B. Gilmour and Randi Reisfield and released in 1986. It was published by Bantam Books (ISBN 0-553-25944-X. ISBN 978-0553259445). The book was written before the last scene was changed, so it has the original ending, in which Andie winds up with Duckie instead of Blane.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was the top-grossing film for the week of March 12, 1986.[10] The film earned US$6.1 million during its opening weekend and $40.5 million during its theatrical run. It was the 22nd highest-grossing film in 1986.[11]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 80% of 45 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 6.3/10. The site's consensus reads: "Molly Ringwald gives an outstanding performance in this sweet, intelligent teen comedy that takes an ancient premise and injects it with insight and wit."[12]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The main cast of Pretty in Pink was featured in the October 15, 2010 issue of Entertainment Weekly, whose theme was cast reunions for landmark films and television shows.[13]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Pretty in Pink

Soundtrack album by various artists

Released
February 28, 1986

Genre
Post-punk, new wave

Length
39:35

Label
A&M

Producer
David Anderle (soundtrack executive producer)

Singles from Pretty in Pink

"If You Leave"
Released: April 21, 1986
"Left of Center"
Released: 1986
"Shellshock"
Released: 17 March 1986

tag: table

text: Like previous films by John Hughes, Pretty in Pink featured a soundtrack composed mostly of new wave music. While director Howard Deutch originally intended the film to primarily contain theme music, Hughes influenced Deutch's decision to use post-punk music throughout the film. The title song by the Psychedelic Furs acted as a bit of inspiration for the film and was re-recorded specifically for the film's opening sequence in a version that was less raw than the original; it was released in 1981 for the album Talk Talk Talk. "Left of Center" was remixed by Arthur Baker. The first track, "If You Leave", by Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark, was written in 1985 in advance specifically for the film. In addition to their song "Shellshock", New Order also had an instrumental version of "Thieves Like Us" and the instrumental "Elegia" appear in the film but not on the soundtrack. The Rave-Ups, who do appear in the film performing "Positively Lost Me" and "Shut-Up" from their Town and Country album, do not have any songs on the soundtrack album. Nik Kershaw's "Wouldn't It Be Good" appears as re-recorded by former Three Dog Night vocalist Danny Hutton's band, Danny Hutton Hitters. Also noteworthy is the inclusion of Echo & the Bunnymen's "Bring On the Dancing Horses", which, according to the liner notes of the CD release of the band's compilation album Songs to Learn & Sing, was recorded specifically for the film.

text: The film also includes Otis Redding's "Try a Little Tenderness", which actor Jon Cryer's character "Duckie" lipsyncs to in the film, The Association's "Cherish", and Talk Back's "Rudy". These three tracks do not appear on the official soundtrack.

text: The soundtrack was released on vinyl in 1986. It was re-released in 2013 as a limited edition pink colored vinyl.

text: The album was listed among "Best Movie Soundtracks: The 15 Film Music Compilations That'll Change Your Life" in The Huffington Post,[5] and "The 25 Greatest Soundtracks of All Time" in Rolling Stone.[6] Allmusic rated it four stars out of five.[14]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"If You Leave"
Andy McCluskey, Paul Humphreys, Martin Cooper
Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
4:25

2.
"Left of Center"
Suzanne Vega/Steve Addabbo
Suzanne Vega with Joe Jackson
3:33

3.
"Get to Know Ya"
Johnson
Jesse Johnson
3:34

4.
"Do Wot You Do"
Andrew Farriss, Michael Hutchence
INXS
3:16

5.
"Pretty in Pink"
John Ashton, Tim Butler, Richard Butler, Vince Ely, Duncan Kilburn, Roger Morris
The Psychedelic Furs
4:40

6.
"Shellshock"
New Order, John Robie
New Order
6:04

7.
"Round, Round"
Belouis Some
Belouis Some
4:07

8.
"Wouldn't It Be Good"
Nik Kershaw
Danny Hutton Hitters
3:44

9.
"Bring On the Dancing Horses"
Will Sergeant, Ian McCulloch, Les Pattinson, Pete de Freitas
Echo & the Bunnymen
3:59

10.
"Please, Please, Please, Let Me Get What I Want"
Johnny Marr, Morrissey
The Smiths
1:51

Total length:
39:35

text: Singles released[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Artist
Chart positions

US Hot 100
US D/P
US D/S
AUS
CA
IE
NZ
UK

1985
"Bring On the Dancing Horses"

Released: November 1985

Echo & the Bunnymen
–
–
–
78
–
15
31
21

1986
"Shellshock"

Released: March 1986

New Order
–
14
26
23
–
18
8
28

"If You Leave"

Released: April 28, 1986 (1986-04-28)

Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark
4
–
31
15
5
–
5
48

"Left of Center"

Released: June 1986

Suzanne Vega and Joe Jackson
–
–
–
35
–
28
–
32

"Pretty in Pink"

Released: October 1986

The Psychedelic Furs
41
–
–
–
61
–
–
18

"Round, Round"
Belouis Some
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–


document_title: My Fair Lady (film)

question_text: who does eliza marry in my fair lady

question_tokens: who does eliza marry in my fair lady

root

text: My Fair Lady (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Edwardian London, Professor Henry Higgins (Rex Harrison), a scholar of phonetics, believes that the accent and tone of one's voice determines a person's prospects in society. In Covent Garden one evening, he boasts to a new acquaintance, Colonel Hugh Pickering (Wilfrid Hyde-White), himself an expert in phonetics, that he could teach any person to speak in a way that he could pass them off as a duke or duchess at an embassy ball. Higgins selects as an example a young flower seller, Eliza Doolittle (Audrey Hepburn), who has a strong Cockney accent. Eliza's ambition is to work in a flower shop, but her thick accent makes her unsuitable. Having come from India to meet Higgins, Pickering is invited to stay with the professor. The following morning, Eliza shows up at Higgins' home, seeking lessons. Pickering is intrigued and offers to cover all expenses if the experiment should be successful.

tag: p

text: Eliza's father, Alfred P. Doolittle (Stanley Holloway), a dustman, shows up three days later, ostensibly to protect his daughter's virtue, but in reality simply to extract some money from Higgins, and is bought off with £5. Higgins is impressed by the man's honesty, his natural gift for language, and especially his brazen lack of morals. Higgins recommends Alfred to a wealthy American who is interested in morality. Eliza goes through many forms of speech training, such as speaking with marbles in her mouth, enduring Higgins' harsh approach to teaching and his treatment of her personally. She makes little progress, but just as she, Higgins, and Pickering are about to give up, Eliza finally "gets it"; she instantly begins to speak with an impeccable upper class accent.

text: As a test, Higgins takes her to Ascot Racecourse, where she makes a good impression initially, only to shock everyone by a sudden lapse into vulgar Cockney while cheering on a horse. Higgins, who dislikes the pretentiousness of the upper class, partly conceals a grin behind his hand. He next has Eliza pose as a mysterious lady at an embassy ball where she dances with a foreign prince. At the ball is Zoltan Karpathy (Theodore Bikel), a Hungarian phonetics expert trained by Higgins. After a brief conversation with Eliza, he certifies that she is not only Hungarian, but of royal blood, declaring her to be a Princess.

text: After all the effort she has put in, however, Eliza's actions are barely acknowledged, with all the praise going to Higgins. This, and his callous treatment towards her afterwards, especially his indifference to her future, causes her to throw Higgins' slippers at him, and to walk out on him, leaving him mystified by her ingratitude. Accompanied by Freddy Eynsford-Hill (Jeremy Brett), a young man she met at Ascot and who is charmed by her, Eliza makes an attempt to return to her old life, but finds that she no longer fits in. She meets her father, who has been left a large fortune by the wealthy American to whom Higgins had recommended him, and is resigned to marrying Eliza's stepmother. Alfred feels that Higgins has ruined him, since he is now bound by morals and responsibility. Eliza kindly refuses an invitation to the wedding and eventually ends up visiting Higgins' mother (Gladys Cooper), who is outraged at her son's behaviour.

text: The next day, Higgins finds Eliza gone and searches for her, eventually finding her at his mother's house. Higgins attempts to talk Eliza into coming back to him. He becomes angered when Eliza announces that she is going to marry Freddy and become Karpathy's assistant. He makes his way home, stubbornly predicting that she will come crawling back. However, he comes to the realization that he has "grown accustomed to her face." Henry returns to his study to lament his loneliness. As he listens to Eliza's recorded voice, she reappears in the doorway behind him, turning off the recording and saying in her old Cockney accent, "I washed my hands and face before I come I did." Higgins looks surprised then pleased before asking for his slippers once more as Eliza smiles on behind him, leaving the audience to decide what happens next.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Audrey Hepburn as Eliza Doolittle

Marni Nixon as Eliza's singing voice (uncredited)

Rex Harrison as Professor Henry Higgins
Stanley Holloway as Alfred P. Doolittle
Wilfrid Hyde-White as Colonel Hugh Pickering
Gladys Cooper as Mrs. Higgins
Jeremy Brett as Freddy Eynsford-Hill

Bill Shirley as Freddy's singing voice (uncredited)

Theodore Bikel as Zoltan Karpathy
Mona Washbourne as Mrs. Pearce, Higgins' housekeeper
Isobel Elsom as Mrs. Eynsford-Hill
John Holland as the Butler

tag: ul

text: Uncredited Cast

text:
Henry Daniell as the British Ambassador (in his last film role)
Baroness Rothschild as the Queen of Transylvania
Buddy Bryant as Prince Gregor of Transylvania
Charles Fredericks as the King in Eliza's fantasy
Lillian Kemble-Cooper as female Ambassador (in yellow dress) at Ball
Queenie Leonard as Cockney bystander
Moyna MacGill as Lady Boxington
Alan Napier as gentleman escorting Eliza to the Queen
Betty Blythe as Lady at Ball
Marjorie Bennett as Cockney with pipe

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
"Overture" – played by orchestra.
"Why Can't the English Learn to Speak?" – performed by Rex Harrison, Wilfrid Hyde-White and Audrey Hepburn.
"Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" – performed by Audrey Hepburn (dubbed by Marni Nixon) and chorus.
"An Ordinary Man" – performed by Rex Harrison.
"With a Little Bit of Luck" – performed by Stanley Holloway, John Alderson, John McLiam, and chorus.
"Just You Wait" – sung by Audrey Hepburn (partially dubbed by Marni Nixon) and Charles Fredericks.
"Servants Chorus" – sung by Mona Washbourne and chorus.
"The Rain in Spain" – performed by Rex Harrison, Wilfrid Hyde-White, and Audrey Hepburn (partially dubbed by Marni Nixon).
"I Could Have Danced All Night" – performed by Audrey Hepburn (mostly dubbed by Marni Nixon), Mona Washbourne and chorus.
"Ascot Gavotte" – sung by chorus.
"Ascot Gavotte (Reprise)" – sung by chorus.
"On the Street Where You Live" – sung by Jeremy Brett (dubbed by Bill Shirley).
"Intermission" – played by orchestra.
"Transylvanian March" – played by orchestra.
"Embassy Waltz" – played by orchestra.
"You Did It" – performed by Rex Harrison, Wilfrid Hyde-White, and chorus.
"Just You Wait (Reprise)" – sung by Audrey Hepburn.
"On the Street Where You Live" (reprise) – sung by Jeremy Brett (dubbed by Bill Shirley).
"Show Me" – sung by Audrey Hepburn (dubbed by Marni Nixon) and Jeremy Brett (dubbed by Bill Shirley).
"Wouldn't It Be Loverly" (reprise) – sung by Audrey Hepburn (dubbed by Marni Nixon) and chorus.
"Get Me to the Church on Time" – performed by Stanley Holloway, John Alderson, John McLiam, and chorus.
"A Hymn to Him (Why Can't A Woman Be More Like a Man?)" – performed by Rex Harrison and Wilfrid Hyde-White.
"Without You" – sung by Audrey Hepburn (dubbed by Marni Nixon) and Rex Harrison.
"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face" – performed by Rex Harrison.
"Finale" – played by orchestra.

tag: ol

text: Production[edit]

text: The head of CBS, William S. Paley, put up the money for the original Broadway production in exchange for the rights to the cast album (through Columbia Records). When Warner bought the film rights in February 1962 for the then-unprecedented sum of $5 million, it was agreed that the rights to the film would revert to CBS seven years following release.[4]

text: Order of musical numbers[edit]

text: The order of the songs in the show was followed faithfully, except for "With a Little Bit of Luck". The song is listed as being the third musical number in the play; in the film it is the fourth. Onstage, the song is split into two parts sung in two different scenes. Part of the song is sung by Doolittle and his cronies just after Eliza gives him part of her earnings, immediately before she makes the decision to go to Higgins's house to ask for speech lessons. The second half of the song is sung by Doolittle just after he discovers that Eliza is now living with Higgins. In the film, the entire song is sung in one scene that takes place just after Higgins has sung "I'm an Ordinary Man". However, the song does have a dialogue scene (Doolittle's conversation with Eliza's landlady) between verses.

text: The instrumental "Busker Sequence", which opens the play immediately after the Overture, is the only musical number from the play omitted in the film version. However, there are several measures from this piece that can be heard as we see Eliza in the rain, making her way through the cars and carriages in Covent Garden.

text: All of the songs in the film were performed near complete; however, there were some verse omissions, as there sometimes are in film versions of Broadway musicals. For example, in the song "With a Little Bit of Luck", the verse "He does not have a Tuppence in his pocket", which was sung with a chorus, was omitted, due to space and its length. The original verse in "Show Me" was used instead.

text: The stanzas of "You Did It" that came after Higgins says "she is a Princess" were originally written for the Broadway version, but Harrison hated the lyrics, and refused to perform the song unless and until those lyrics were omitted, which they were in most Broadway versions. However, Cukor insisted that the omitted lyrics be restored for the film version or he would not direct at all, causing Harrison to oblige. The omitted lyrics end with the words "Hungarian Rhapsody" followed by the servants shouting "Bravo" three times, to the strains of Liszt's "Hungarian Rhapsody" before the servants sing "Congratulations, Professor Higgins".[5]

text: Dubbing[edit]

text: Hepburn's singing was judged inadequate, and she was dubbed by Marni Nixon,[6] who sang all songs except "Just You Wait", where Hepburn's voice was left undubbed during the harsh-toned chorus of the song and Nixon sang the melodic bridge section. Some of Hepburn's original vocal performances for the film were released in the 1990s, affording audiences an opportunity to judge whether the dubbing was necessary. Less well known is the dubbing of Jeremy Brett's songs (as Freddy) by Bill Shirley.[7]

text: Harrison declined to pre-record his musical numbers for the film, explaining that he had never talked his way through the songs the same way twice and thus could not convincingly lip-sync to a playback during filming (as musical stars had, according to Jack L. Warner, been doing for years. "We even dubbed Rin-Tin-Tin"[8]). George Groves decided to use a wireless microphone, the first such use during filming of a motion picture.[9] The sound department earned an Academy Award for its efforts.

text: Intermission[edit]

text: One of the few differences in structure between the stage version and the film is the placement of the intermission. In the stage play, the intermission comes after the embassy ball where Eliza dances with Karpathy. In the film, the intermission comes before the ball, as Eliza, Higgins, and Pickering are seen departing for the embassy.

text: Art direction[edit]

text: Gene Allen, Cecil Beaton, and George James Hopkins won an Academy Award for Best Production Design for art direction of the film. Beaton's inspiration for the library in Higgins' home, where much of the action takes place, was a room at the Château de Groussay, Montfort-l'Amaury, in France, which had been decorated opulently by its owner Carlos de Beistegui.[citation needed] Hats were created by Parisian milliner Paulette[fr] at Beaton's request.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Original Columbia Records LP

All tracks played by the Warner Bros. Studio Orchestra conducted by André Previn. Between brackets the singers.

"Overture"
"Why Can't the English Learn to Speak?" (Rex Harrison, Audrey Hepburn, Wilfrid Hyde-White)
"Wouldn't It Be Loverly?" (Marni Nixon (for Hepburn))
"I'm an Ordinary Man" (Harrison)
"With a Little Bit of Luck" (Stanley Holloway)
"Just You Wait" (Hepburn, Nixon)
"The Rain in Spain" (Harrison, Hepburn, Nixon, Wilfrid Hyde-White)
"I Could Have Danced All Night" (Nixon)
"Ascot Gavotte"
"On the Street Where You Live" (Bill Shirley (for Jeremy Brett))
"You Did It" (Harrison, Hyde-White) (without the choir "Congratulations")
"Show Me" (Nixon, Shirley)
"Get Me to the Church on Time" (Holloway)
"A Hymn to Him (Why Can't a Woman Be More Like a Man?)" (Harrison, Hyde-White)
"Without You" (Nixon, Harrison)
"I've Grown Accustomed to Her Face" (Harrison)

Previously unreleased on LP, included on the CD

"The Flower Market"
"Servants' Chorus"
"Ascot Gavotte (Reprise)"
"Intermission"
"The Transylvanian March"
"The Embassy Waltz"
"You Did It" (Harrison, Hyde-White) (with the servant's final choir "Congratulations")
"Just You Wait (Reprise)" (Hepburn and/or Nixon (for Audrey Hepburn))
"On the Street Where You Live (Reprise)" (Shirley)
"The Flowermarket" (containing the reprise of "Wouldn't It Be Loverly?") (Nixon)
"End Titles"
"Exit Music"

text: Reception[edit]

text: With a production budget of $17 million, My Fair Lady was the most expensive film shot in the United States up to that time.[10] The film was re-released in 1971 and earned North American rentals of $2 million. It was re-released again in 1994 after a thorough restoration.[11]

text: My Fair Lady currently holds a 96% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 46 reviews, with an average rating of 8.1/10. The general consensus states: "George Cukor's elegant, colorful adaptation of the beloved stage play is elevated to new heights thanks to winning performances by Audrey Hepburn and Rex Harrison."[12] Chicago Sun-Times critic Roger Ebert gave the film four stars out of four, and, in 2006, he put it on his "Great Movies" list, praising Hepburn's performance, and calling the film "the best and most unlikely of musicals."[13]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: Academy Awards: 1964[edit]

text: My Fair Lady won eight Oscars:[3][14]

text:
Academy Award for Best Picture – Jack L. Warner
Academy Award for Directing – George Cukor
Academy Award for Best Actor – Rex Harrison
Academy Award for Best Cinematography – Harry Stradling
Academy Award for Sound – George R. Groves, Warner Brothers Studio
Academy Award for Best Adaptation or Treatment Score – André Previn
Academy Award for Best Art Direction – Gene Allen, Cecil Beaton, and George James Hopkins
Academy Award for Costume Design – Cecil Beaton
Academy Award for Writing Adapted Screenplay – Alan Jay Lerner - Nominated
Academy Award for Film Editing – William Ziegler - Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor – Stanley Holloway - Nominated
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress – Gladys Cooper - Nominated

text: Golden Globe Awards[edit]

text: My Fair Lady won three Golden Globes:

text:
Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Golden Globe Award for Best Director – Motion Picture – George Cukor
Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy – Rex Harrison

text: BAFTA Awards[edit]

text: My Fair Lady won the BAFTA Award for Best Film from any source

text: Restoration[edit]

text: The film was restored in 1994 by James C. Katz and Robert A. Harris, who had restored Spartacus three years earlier. The restoration was commissioned and financed by CBS, to which the film rights reverted from Warner Bros. in 1971.[15] CBS would later hire Harris to lend his expertise to a new 4K restoration of the film for a 2015 Blu-ray release, working from 8K scans of the original camera negative and other surviving 65mm elements.[16]

text: Planned remake[edit]

text: A new film of the musical was planned in 2008 with a screenplay by Emma Thompson but the project did not materialize. Keira Knightley, Carey Mulligan, and Colin Firth were among those in consideration for the lead roles.[17][18][19]


document_title: Tyler Joseph

question_text: where did 21 pilots go to high school

question_tokens: where did 21 pilots go to high school

text: Tyler Joseph

text: Early life

text: Joseph was born in Columbus, Ohio, and grew up with two brothers, Zack (also a singer) and Jay, and one sister, Madison. His mother, Kelly, was a math teacher in the Olentangy school district[7] before being named Olentangy Orange High School's basketball coach in 2013.[8] His father, Chris, was also a coach at Worthington Christian High School from 96–2005,[8] and is a school principal. Joseph played basketball from a very young age[9] and went on to play point guard for Worthington Christian.[10][11] In 2008, the basketball team placed second in the Division IV state tournament.[7]

text: After seeing a songwriter perform at a High Street club, he rejected a basketball scholarship offer from Otterbein University[7][9] and began playing music after finding an old keyboard in his closet, a Christmas gift from his mother, and mimicking radio melodies.[7][12][13]

text: Career

text: Twenty One Pilots

text: Twenty One Pilots was formed in 2009 in Columbus, Ohio. Initially an idea from Joseph, he eventually called his high school friends Nick Thomas and Chris Salih to form a band.[7] He came up with the band's name while studying All My Sons by Arthur Miller, a play about a man who must decide what is best for his family after causing the death of twenty-one pilots during World War II, because he knowingly sent them faulty parts for the good of his business. Joseph explains that this story of moral dilemma was the inspiration for the name of the band.[13][14] On December 29, 2009, they released their debut, self-titled album and began touring Ohio, which was followed by their second album, Regional at Best in 2011, which consisted only of Joseph and Dun.

text: Twenty One Pilots' third album, Vessel, was released on January 8, 2013.[15] They also embarked on a tour in support of the album, in which they named "Quiet Is Violent Tour".[16]

text: The band's fourth album, Blurryface, was released on May 17, 2015, two days ahead of its intended release date.[17] Joseph and drummer Josh Dun embarked on two international tours in 2015 and 2016: the Blurryface Tour and Emotional Roadshow World Tour.[18]

text: At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards, the duo won the award for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance.

text: Other ventures

text: Joseph has had a solo project where he released an album entitled No Phun Intended. The release is still available for listening purposes on his PureVolume account.[19] The album was recorded in Joseph's senior year of high school, from 2007–2008, in his basement.[20] The song "Save", off the release, was redone and released as a free download for some time on Twenty One Pilots' official website before it was then pulled.[21] A song entitled "Whisper" from his solo career has also been released on the internet.[22][23]

text: In 2010, Joseph was featured in the song "Live" by the Christian rapper Joseph Michael Langston (better known by his stage name Jocef), who is a friend of Joseph from college, along with two other rappers, Juda and Alon. The song is the opening track to Jocef's debut album, In Search Of: L.O.V.E.[24][25] The track was co-written by Tyler Joseph and Jocef.[26] Jocef eventually returned the favor a year later by being featured on the song "Be Concerned" off of Twenty One Pilots' 2011 album Regional at Best.[27]

text: In 2011, Joseph was also the lead star in Five14 Church's three episode mockumentary entitled "The (moderately inspiring tale of the) Longboard Rodeo Tango".[28][29][30] According to the mockumentary, Joseph was an intern at the church at the time.

text: In 2012, Joseph was featured in an internet-use awareness video entitled "What's Your Story?" by Mark C. Eshleman (the producer of many Twenty One Pilots music videos) for an annual contest put on by Trend Micro, also called What's Your Story?[31][32] The room used in the video is the same room in which the original music video for "House of Gold" was filmed.[33]

text: On December 24, 2013, Christmas Eve, Joseph participated and sang "O come, O come, Emmanuel" at Five14 Church's Christmas With the Stars in New Albany, Ohio. The official video of the performance was uploaded to YouTube on February 14, 2014.[34] He also performed a magic segment with the church's host and emcee, David McCreary for the show.[35][36]

text: Joseph has also contributed to a few tracks for Five14 Church's worship albums by the gospel band, Whittaker.[37][38]

text: In December 2014, Joseph contributed backing vocals to the song "Sickly Sweet Holidays" by Dallon Weekes of Panic! at the Disco.[39][40]

text: Personal life

text: Joseph is a practicing Christian[41][42] and his faith influences the music he writes. He was homeschooled in his childhood.[9] He married Jenna Black on March 28, 2015, after becoming engaged on July 8, 2014.[43][44]

text: His first real exposure to music was the Christian hip hop group DC Talk.[45]

text: Joseph has a three-part tattoo that represents "something that saved his life".[46] Though it is assumed it deals with his Christian faith, Joseph has been specific about the fact that he doesn't want the meaning of his tattoos spread across the internet.[47] However, he has stated a few times that he is willing to tell people one-on-one if they decide to ask him in person.[46]

text: Both Joseph and Twenty One Pilots drummer, Josh Dun also have an "X" tattoo on their body symbolizing their dedication to their hometown fans in Columbus, Ohio. They received it on stage during their hometown show at the Lifestyle Communities Pavilion on April 26, 2013.[48][49] Joseph's is located on his right bicep and Dun's is located on his neck behind his right ear.[50]

text: Discography

text: As solo artist

text:
Title
Album details

No Phun Intended[19]

Released: 2007
Label: Self-released
Format: Listen only

text: Twenty One Pilots

text:
Twenty One Pilots (2009)
Regional at Best (2011)
Vessel (2013)
Blurryface (2015)

text: Awards and nominations

text:
Year
Ceremony
Award
Nominated
Result
Ref.

2017
Grammy Awards
Record of the Year
"Stressed Out" (as performer and producer)
Nominated
[51]

Best Pop Duo/Group Performance
"Stressed Out" (as performer)
Won

Best Rock Performance
"Heathens" (as performer)
Nominated

Best Rock Song
"Heathens" (as songwriter)
Nominated

Best Song Written for Visual Media
Nominated


document_title: The Carol Burnett Show

question_text: when did the carol burnett 50th anniversary show first air

text: The Carol Burnett Show

text: Background[edit]

text: In 1967, Carol Burnett had been a popular veteran of television for 12 years, having made her first appearances in 1955 on such programs as The Paul Winchell Show and the sitcom Stanley starring the comedian Buddy Hackett. In 1959, she became a regular supporting cast member on the CBS-TV variety series The Garry Moore Show. Departing the Moore Show in the spring of 1962, she pursued other projects in film, Broadway productions and headlining her own television specials. Burnett signed a contract with CBS for 10 years which required her to do two guest appearances and a special a year. Within the first five years of this contract, she had the option to "push the button", a phrase the programming executives used,[6] and be put on the air in 30 one-hour variety shows, pay-or-play. After discussion with her husband Joe Hamilton, in the last week of that fifth year of the contract, Burnett decided to call the head of CBS Michael Dann and exercise the clause. Dann, explaining that variety is a "man's genre", offered Burnett a sitcom called Here's Agnes. Burnett had no interest in doing a sitcom, and because of the contract, CBS was obliged to give Burnett her own variety show.[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: In addition to Carol Burnett, the cast consisted of:

text:
Vicki Lawrence
Harvey Korman (seasons 1–10)
Lyle Waggoner (seasons 1–7)
Tim Conway (seasons 9–11; frequent guest performer in seasons 1–8)
Dick Van Dyke (first half of season 11)

text: Comedic actor Harvey Korman had done many guest shots in TV sitcoms. From 1963 to 1967, he had been a semi-regular on the CBS variety series The Danny Kaye Show. When Kaye's program ended in the spring of 1967, Korman was immediately hired for The Carol Burnett Show. Lyle Waggoner, who was sometimes used to play the handsome man for Burnett to fawn over, was hired as the show's announcer in addition to playing in sketches.

text: Vicki Lawrence, a young singer from The Young Americans wrote a letter to Burnett when she was 17, remarking on their physical resemblance. This led to her audition and getting hired to play Burnett's kid sister in numerous "Carol and Sis" sketches.

text: Jim Nabors was the guest star on every season premiere of the show. Burnett considered Nabors to be her good luck charm.

text: In addition, several notable actors were used in the comedy sketches in featured roles, especially in the first season, such as William Schallert, Isabel Sanford, and Reta Shaw.

text: The popular variety show not only established Burnett as a television superstar, but it also made her regular supporting cast household names, with such sketches as "As the Stomach Churns", (a parody of As the World Turns) and "Went with the Wind!" (a spoof of Gone with the Wind), "Carol & Sis", "Mrs. Wiggins", and "The Family" (which led to a made-for-TV movie titled Eunice, as well as a spin-off television series titled Mama's Family), "Nora Desmond" (Burnett's send-up of Gloria Swanson's character Norma Desmond in Sunset Boulevard), and "Stella Toddler". A frequent repeated segment was "Kitchen Commercials", in which cast members parodied TV commercials that drove a woman (Burnett) crazy. The long-running show was frequently nominated for Emmys for best variety series and won three times.

text: A favorite feature consisted of an unrehearsed question-and-answer segment with the audience in CBS Studio 33 (now Bob Barker Studio) lasting about three to four minutes at the start of most shows. Burnett stated that she borrowed the concept from Garry Moore, who did the same on his variety show, but never taped it.[8] Burnett asked for the lights to be turned up ("let's bump up the lights") and then randomly picked audience members who raised their hands. Burnett often ad-libbed funny answers, but occasionally ended up as the straight (wo)man. For example:

text: The show was rehearsed each day until its two Friday tapings. Differently colored cue cards (black, blue, green, and red) were used for each major performer ("Carol Burnett: Bump-Up the Lights"). The second taping was fairly routine until Tim Conway came aboard as a guest star. As a recurring guest star from the show's launch and later a regular cast member, Conway provided unrehearsed bits to sketches that became known to the staff as "Conway's Capers". Conway would play the first taping straight, but (if the sketch had played well in the first taping, and could be printed) would ad-lib bizarre scenarios during the second. Some notable clips included Conway as a Nazi interrogator berating an American captive (Lyle Waggoner). Using a Hitler puppet and a pencil as a "club", Conway sang three verses of "I've Been Working on the Railroad" as Waggoner tried in vain to ignore him. Some, like the Hitler puppet, made it into the final broadcast; others, like a notably convoluted story about Siamese elephants joined at the trunk (ad-libbed during a 1977 "Mama's Family" sketch), were edited, the uncensored version only appearing years later on CBS specials. Conway's favorite victim was Harvey Korman, who often broke character reacting to Conway's zaniness, such as when Conway played a dentist misusing Novocain or the recurring role of "The Oldest Man" – an elderly, shuffling, senile man who slowly rolled down stairways and fell prey to various mechanical mishaps (including an electric wheelchair and an automated dry-cleaning rack).

text: The show also became known for its closing theme song, written by Burnett's husband, with these lyrics:[9]

text: At the close of each episode, Burnett tugged her ear. This silent message was meant for her grandmother, who raised her, and meant she was thinking of her at that moment. After her grandmother's death, Burnett continued the tradition.

text: When The Carol Burnett Show made its network debut on CBS-TV in September 1967, it was scheduled on Monday nights at 10:00 pm opposite NBC’s I Spy and ABC’s The Big Valley. At the end of its first season and through the spring of 1971, it consistently ranked among the top-30 programs. (For the 1969–70 season, it posted its highest rating ever, ranking at number 13.) For season five, CBS moved the show to Wednesday nights at 8:00 pm, where its chief competition was NBC’s Adam-12 and the ABC sitcoms Bewitched and The Courtship of Eddie's Father. Despite the schedule change, the show continued to do well until the fall of 1972, when the ratings slipped. In December 1972, CBS again moved The Carol Burnett Show to Saturday nights at 10:00 pm (EST) where, for the next four years, it not only received solid ratings, but was also part of a powerhouse Saturday-night lineup of primetime shows that included All in the Family, M*A*S*H, The Mary Tyler Moore Show, and The Bob Newhart Show.

text: In the 1973–74 season, the "Family" sketches (with Burnett as Eunice, Korman as her husband Ed, and Lawrence as Eunice's mother) were introduced and the "Carol and Sis" segments were phased out. At the end of that season (the series' seventh), after having been with The Carol Burnett Show from the beginning, Lyle Waggoner left the series to pursue other acting opportunities. The following season, Waggoner's spot as a supporting regular remained vacant. Don Crichton, the lead male dancer on the show, began to inherit some of Waggoner's duties. Then in season nine, because of his many popular guest appearances on the series, Tim Conway was signed as a full-time regular, joining Korman and Lawrence.

text: In November, 1976, the series' tenth year, The Carol Burnett Show presented what would become one of its best-known and most well-regarded sketches: "Went with the Wind!," a parody of the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, which had its television debut on NBC the week before. After the 1976-77 season ended, Harvey Korman decided to leave the series. After a decade of working with Burnett and winning several Emmy Awards, Korman had been offered a contract by ABC to headline his own series. Also, the ratings had begun to decline. Nevertheless, CBS renewed Burnett's show for an 11th season.

text: Dick Van Dyke, fresh from headlining his own short-lived Emmy-winning variety series, Van Dyke & Company, was brought in to replace Korman. However, his presence did not help stem the sagging ratings, as the show faced new competition in ABC's The Love Boat. After three months, Van Dyke departed the show, and CBS, in a desperate attempt to save the series, moved The Carol Burnett Show from Saturday nights at 10:00 pm to Sunday nights at the same hour, beginning in December 1977. Regular guest stars Steve Lawrence and Ken Berry were brought in to fill the void left by Korman and Van Dyke. The ratings improved considerably.

text: CBS wanted to renew the show for another year, but by this time, Burnett had grown tired of the weekly grind and wanted to explore acting roles outside of the comedy genre, despite her success in it. With the changes in cast along with the mediocre ratings, she felt that television was undergoing a transition and that the variety series format was on its way out. Therefore, Burnett decided to end the series on her own rather than be canceled later. Thus, on March 29, 1978, in a special two-hour finale entitled "A Special Evening with Carol Burnett", The Carol Burnett Show left primetime television after 11 years, finishing its last season in 66th place. Reruns were aired during the summer of 1978.

text: Notable characters/sketches[edit]

text:
As the Stomach Turns – a soap opera parody taking place in the fictional town of Canoga Falls with Burnett as the main character Marion
Carol and Sis – Burnett as Carol and Lawrence as her sister Chris with Korman as Carol's husband Roger;[10] the sketch was based on Burnett's life in New York raising her kid sister in New York with her first husband, and Lawrence was originally hired just for this sketch[11]
The Charwoman – Burnett's signature character, an unnamed charwoman (most often in a musical number),[12] whose animated image has been used in the opening credits, and also in the opening and closing credits of Carol Burnett and Friends
Chiquita – Burnett's parody of Charo; in one sketch, Charo herself played Chiquita and Burnett played her mother
Nora Desmond – Burnett as a has-been silent film actress and Korman as her bald, dutiful butler Max in the take-off of the 1950 film Sunset Boulevard; Gloria Swanson has praised Burnett for the character[12]
Rhoda Dimple - Burnett's parody of Shirley Temple
The Family – Burnett and Korman as Eunice and Ed Higgins, a married couple, with Lawrence portraying Eunice's very difficult mother Thelma Harper
George and Zelda – Burnett as a Zelda, a whiny, nasal-voiced woman and Korman as her husband George;[12] the sketch was inspired by the roles of Montgomery Clift and Shelley Winters in A Place in the Sun[13]
The Ham Actor (also known as Funt and Mundane) - Korman as Alfred Funt and Burnett as Mundane, two over-the-top actors who run into mishaps on the stage; it started off with Korman as Funt and Burnett as different types of partners;[14] the names Funt and Mundane are take-offs of legendary acting couple Alfred Lunt and Lynn Fontanne
Mother Marcus – Korman as a full-figured, Yiddish grandmother who was based on his own real-life grandmother;[15] usually featured in "As the Stomach Turns", but has also been portrayed in other sketches such as the grandmother in "La Caperucita Roja", the Mexican version of Little Red Riding Hood, and the fairy godmother in "Cinderella Gets it On", the disco version of Cinderella
The Old Folks – Burnett and Korman as Molly and Bert, an elderly couple who sit in rocking chairs on a porch talking about their lives
The Oldest Man – Conway as Duane Toddleberry,[16] an old, slow-moving man, usually in various situations involving Korman being annoyed with his lack of speed
Alice Portnoy – Burnett as a little girl who is a member of the Fireside Girls of America, a Girl Scout-type of organization, always trying to blackmail adults into making a contribution to her troop; Lawrence has played her sister Cecily
The Queen – Burnett's parody of Queen Elizabeth II, with Korman as the king, and Conway as Private Newberry, a soldier who is completely hollow due to having swallowed a live grenade; Lawrence once played the princess and was engaged to the hollowed-out private
Stella Toddler – Burnett as an elderly woman who always ends up in unfortunate accidents
Unforgettable Commercials – Parodies of well-known commercials of the time featuring the entire cast; this was an annual sketch[10]
Mrs. Wiggins (also known as Mr. Tudball and Mrs. Wiggins) – Conway as Mr. Tudball, a businessman who speaks in a mock Romanian accent,[17] putting up with his empty-headed secretary Mrs. Wiggins played by Burnett; Lawrence occasionally played Mrs. Tudball

text: Movie parodies[edit]

text: A notable sketch was the 1976 parody Went with the Wind!, in which Scarlett O'Hara must fashion a gown from curtains; Burnett, as Starlett, descends a long staircase wearing a green curtain complete with hanging rod. When Starlett is complimented on her "gown", she replies, "Thank you. I saw it in the window and I just couldn't resist it." The outfit, designed by Bob Mackie, is now on display at the Smithsonian Institution.[18]

text: In addition to Gone with the Wind, The Carol Burnett Show featured many movie parodies. These included take-offs of, for example, Airport, Babes in Arms, Beach Blanket Bingo, Born to Be Bad, Caged, Dangerous When Wet, Double Indemnity, The Enchanted Cottage, From Here to Eternity, The Heiress, Jaws, The Little Foxes, Back Street, Little Miss Broadway, Love Story, Mildred Pierce, National Velvet, One in a Million, The Petrified Forest, Pillow Talk, Random Harvest, Rebecca, The Roaring Twenties, Rose Marie, San Francisco, Show Boat, The Scarlet Pimpernel, So Proudly We Hail!, A Stolen Life, Sunset Boulevard, Torch Song, and When My Baby Smiles at Me.

text: After the series[edit]

text: Continuations and revivals[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In the fall of 1977, while the series was still running in prime time, the comedy sketches of the show were re-edited into freestanding programs; the resulting show enjoyed success for many years in syndicated reruns (as Carol Burnett and Friends, a half-hour edition of selected 1972–77 material).

text: In the spring of 1979, a year after The Carol Burnett Show left the air, Burnett and her husband Joe Hamilton were dining in a restaurant with friends, including Tim Conway. At that gathering, Burnett got wistful and started reminiscing about the show and making suggestions to Conway concerning sketches that she wished they could be creating if the show were still running. Hamilton suggested to Burnett that she do a summer series. Taking that idea, Burnett and Hamilton approached CBS about doing a four-week program in the summer of 1979. CBS already had its schedule filled for the summer months and rejected the idea. However, ABC was interested, and as a result, four postscript episodes of The Carol Burnett Show were produced. Under the title Carol Burnett & Company, the show premiered on Saturday, August 18, 1979, and included many favorite sketches such as "Mr. Tudball and Mrs. Wiggins", "The Family", "As The Stomach Turns", and Burnett doing her impersonation of Queen Elizabeth II. Its format was very much similar to Burnett's series, with two exceptions. Due to the unavailability of Harvey Korman (who, ironically, had been under contract to ABC since he had left Burnett's show in 1977), comic actors Kenneth Mars and Craig Richard Nelson were added to the supporting cast, joining Lawrence and Conway. Ernie Flatt, who had been the choreographer on Burnett's show for its entire 11-year run, was replaced by the show's lead dancer Don Crichton. The guest stars in that four-week period were (chronologically) Cheryl Ladd, Alan Arkin, Penny Marshall, and Sally Field. The reviews of the series were very favorable, with several critics heartily welcoming Burnett back to weekly television, albeit on a limited basis. The ratings also were respectable and plans were announced for the program to become a yearly summer event, but it never happened.

text: The "Family" sketches led to a 1982 CBS made-for-television film called Eunice starring Burnett, Korman, Lawrence, Betty White, and Ken Berry. The success of this program spawned a spin-off sitcom entitled Mama's Family, starring Vicki Lawrence and Ken Berry, which ran from 1983 to 1990. It occasionally featured Burnett and Korman guest-starring as Eunice and Ed Higgins. In the first year and a half of the show's run, Korman also appeared as narrator Alastair Quince, introducing each episode (a parody of Alastair Cooke hosting Masterpiece Theatre) and he also directed 31 episodes of the series.

text: NBC aired a comedy half-hour repertory series called Carol & Company that premiered in March 1990. It proved to be moderately successful in the ratings and was renewed for a second season. The regulars on the show included Peter Krause, Jeremy Piven, Terry Kiser, Meagen Fay, Anita Barone, and Richard Kind (and occasional guest stars, including Betty White and Burt Reynolds); each week's show was a different half-hour comedy play. This program lasted until July 1991.

text: CBS brought back The Carol Burnett Show for another run in the fall of 1991; new regulars included Meagen Fay and Richard Kind (brought over from the NBC show), and Chris Barnes, Roger Kabler, and Jessica Lundy. However, the times had changed and Burnett's humor was tame compared to the edgier comedy popular in the 1990s. The series failed to catch on with the public and only nine episodes of this revival were aired.

text: In 1994, reruns of the syndicated Carol Burnett and Friends package aired on Nickelodeon. The show also aired on The Family Channel in 1996 and on TV Land as part of that network's inaugural lineup. Beginning in January 2015, the show airs on Me-TV at 11:00 EST.[19]

text: Specials[edit]

text: The cast of The Carol Burnett Show was reunited on four CBS television specials:

text:
The Carol Burnett Show: A Reunion (January 10, 1993) – featured several clips of the show's best moments from 1967 to 1978 with the gang reminiscing about their time together on the show.

21.4 rating; 27.1 million viewers (9–11 pm)

The Carol Burnett Show: Show Stoppers (November 26, 2001) – consisted mostly of bloopers and outtakes from the series.

November 26, 2001: 29.8 million viewers (time slot rank: first)
April 26, 2002: 11.5 million (time slot rank: first)
September 20, 2002: 6.2 million (time slot rank: third)

The Carol Burnett Show: Let's Bump Up the Lights! (May 12, 2004) – featured showings of Burnett's filmed audience warmups (most of which made it, though not usually in full, to the aired episodes), during which she would turn up the house lights and provide often humorous — but sometimes serious — answers to questions shouted to her by members of the studio audience.

13.6 million (time slot rank: second)

The Carol Burnett Show: 50th Anniversary Special (December 3, 2017) – featured some of the most popular clips of comedy and music from the entire run of the show. Included dozens of celebrities, both live and recorded, to reminisce with Carol.

December 3, 2017: 1.5 rating; 15.2 million viewers (time slot rank: fourth) [20]
December 27, 2017: 0.6 rating; 5.26 million viewers (time slot rank: fourth)

text: List of guest stars[edit]

text: Note: only the first appearance by the guest star is listed.

text: Season 1 (1967–1968)[edit]

text:
Don Adams (11-27-67)
Eddie Albert (9-25-67)
Lucille Ball (10-02-67)
Ken Berry (1-15-68)
Sid Caesar (9-18-67)
Art Carney (2-19-68)
Diahann Carroll (10-23-67)
George Chakiris (1-22-68)
Richard Chamberlain (11-13-67)
Imogene Coca (10-09-67)
Tim Conway (10-02-67) (became series regular in 1975)
John Davidson (12-11-67)
Phyllis Diller (10-16-67)
Mike Douglas (1-01-68)
Barbara Eden (12-04-67)
Nanette Fabray (11-06-67)
Ella Fitzgerald (12-25-67)
John Gary (2-26-68)
Bobbie Gentry (10-16-67)
Frank Gorshin (1-08-68)
Betty Grable (2-12-68)
Jack Jones (3-18-68)
Shirley Jones (1-22-68)
Lainie Kazan (10-09-67)
Richard Kiley (10-23-67)
Durward Kirby (2-26-68)
Peter Lawford (4-15-68)
Gloria Loring (10-02-67)
Trini Lopez (1-15-78)
Barbara McNair (5-06-68)
Liza Minnelli (9-18-67)
Garry Moore (2-26-68)
Jim Nabors (9-11-67)
Leonard Nimoy (12-04-67)
Jack Palance (2-05-68)
Minnie Pearl (4-15-68)
Juliet Prowse (11-20-67)
Martha Raye (11-20-67)
Lynn Redgrave (1-01-68)
Mickey Rooney (12-11-67)
Soupy Sales (3-25-68)
The Smothers Brothers (10-23-67)
Sonny & Cher (11-06-67) (Cher later appeared, solo, in 1975)
Mel Tormé (3-04-68)
Lana Turner (1-08-68)
Gwen Verdon (10-16-67)
Shani Wallis (4-29-68)
Lesley Ann Warren (11-27-67)
Dionne Warwick (1-29-68)
Jonathan Winters (9-25-67)

text: Season 2 (1968–1969)[edit]

text:
Edie Adams (10-21-68)
Barbara Bain (9-30-68)
Sergio Bustamante (4-28-69)
Vikki Carr (3-31-69)
Carol Channing (9-30-68)
Barrie Chase (3-24-69)
Perry Como (1-20-69)
Vic Damone (12-09-68)
Mike Douglas (3-17-69)
Vince Edwards (2-03-69)
Eileen Farrell (12-16-68)
George Gobel (10-14-68)
Robert Goulet (4-07-69)
Emmaline Henry (12-30-68)
Bob Hope (12-16-68)
Marilyn Horne (12-16-68)
Larry Hovis (3-24-69)
Martin Landau (9-30-68)
Michele Lee (12-02-68)
Ross Martin (3-10-69)
Ethel Merman (3-03-69)
Don Rickles (11-11-68)
Chita Rivera (2-03-69)
Jimmie Rodgers (6-09-69)
Mickey Rooney (12-30-68)
Isabel Sanford (9-23-68)
Ronnie Schell (3-31-69)
Mel Torme (11-11-68)
Flip Wilson (12-02-68)
Nancy Wilson (11-04-68)
Roland Winters (12-30-68)

text: Season 3 (1969–1970)[edit]

text:
Pat Boone (11-03-69)
George Carlin (11-24-69)
Pat Carroll (2-23-70)
Jane Connell (3-02-70)
Bing Crosby (11-10-69)
Barbara Feldon (2-02-70)
Merv Griffin (11-17-69)
Andy Griffith (11-17-69)
Steve Lawrence (10-06-69)
Peggy Lee (3-30-70)
Audrey Meadows (1-05-70)
Kay Medford (10-20-69)
Scoey Mitchell (10-13-69)
Donald O'Connor (12-29-69)
Bernadette Peters (9-29-69)
Ronald Reagan (1-26-70)
Joan Rivers (2-02-70)
Rowan & Martin (Dick Martin also appeared in 1972 & 1974)
Kaye Stevens (1-05-70)
Edward Villella (10-06-69)

text: Season 4 (1970–1971)[edit]

text:
Jim Bailey (2-01-71)
Dyan Cannon (11-23-70)
Cass Elliot (9-21-70)
Totie Fields (2-15-71)
David Frost (3-22-71)
Eydie Gormé (10-05-70)
Rita Hayworth (2-01-71)
Jerry Lewis (1-11-71)
Rich Little (12-28-70)
Paul Lynde (11-23-70)
Ricardo Montalban (11-02-70)
Bob Newhart (2-22-71)
Pat Paulsen (9-21-70)
Debbie Reynolds (11-30-70)
Leslie Uggams (1-11-71)
Violette Verdy (1-25-71)

text: Season 5 (1971–1972)[edit]

text:
Kaye Ballard (2-16-72)
Karen Black (3-22-72)
The Carpenters (9-22-71)
Ray Charles (1-26-72)
Dom DeLuise (10-20-71)
Shecky Greene (11-24-71)
Jack Klugman (3-08-72)
Vincent Price (2-09-72)
Tony Randall (3-08-72)
Burt Reynolds (2-23-72)

text: Season 6 (1972–1973)[edit]

text:
Pearl Bailey (10-25-72)
Ruth Buzzi (1-20-73)
John Byner (2-10-73)
Jack Cassidy (1-06-73)
Petula Clark (2-10-73)
William Conrad (3-17-73)
Marty Feldman (9-20-72)
Jack Gilford (10-11-72)
Joel Grey (10-18-72)
Valerie Harper (2-17-73)
Paula Kelly (3-10-73)
Melba Moore (11-29-72)
Anthony Newley (12-16-72)
Helen Reddy (9-27-72)
Carl Reiner (11-29-72)
Paul Sand (10-04-72)
Stiller and Meara (11-01-72)
Lily Tomlin (11-08-72)

text: Season 7 (1973–1974)[edit]

text:
Lucette Aldous (12-08-73)
Charo (9-22-73)
Richard Crenna (12-15-73)
The Jackson 5 (3-16-74)
Roddy McDowall (3-16-74)
Gloria Swanson (9-29-73)
Jack Weston (10-20-73)

text: Season 8 (1974–1975)[edit]

text:
Alan Alda (12-21-74)
James Coco (9-28-74)
Buddy Ebsen (3-08-75)
Rock Hudson (2-15-75)
Janet Jackson (1-25-75)
Alan King (11-02-74)
Kenneth Mars (11-09-74)
The Pointer Sisters (9-28-74)
Wayne Rogers (3-08-75)
Telly Savalas (10-12-74)
Phil Silvers (3-29-75)
Maggie Smith (11-23-74)
Jean Stapleton (3-29-75)
Sally Struthers (3-22-75)
Nancy Walker (2-15-75)
Lena Zavaroni (11-02-74)

text: Season 9 (1975–1976)[edit]

text:
Sammy Davis Jr. (9-20-75)
Emmett Kelly (1-24-76)
Shirley MacLaine (10-04-75)
Rita Moreno (1-03-76)
Dick Van Dyke (2-21-76)
Jessica Walter (12-13-75)
Betty White (11-22-75)
Joanne Woodward (2-14-76)

text: Season 10 (1976–1977)[edit]

text:
Glen Campbell (1-15-77)
Madeline Kahn (10-16-76)
Hal Linden (3-05-77)
Neil Sedaka (3-19-77)
Dinah Shore (11-13-76)
Ben Vereen (2-26-77)

text: Season 11 (1977–1978)[edit]

text:
Captain and Tennille (1-28-78)
Natalie Cole (2-04-78)
Nancy Dussault (10-15-77)
James Garner (3-11-78)
Rock Hudson (12-10-77)
Steve Martin (3-04-78)
James Stewart (3-29-78)

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Considering her large body of work, and due in great part to this TV show, Burnett received Kennedy Center Honors in 2003, and was awarded the Mark Twain Prize for American Humor in October 2013.[21]

text: In 2009, TV Guide ranked "Went with the Wind" number 53 on its list of the 100 Greatest Episodes.[22]

text: On September 13, 2016, Burnett released her new Carol Burnett Show memoir titled In Such Good Company: Eleven Years of Laughter, Mayhem, and Fun in the Sandbox. The book, full of anecdotes about the 1967–1978 variety series, covers the history of how Burnett created the show, how she cast her co-stars, the co-star she once fired (and quickly rehired), and all the show's memorable characters (Mama, Eunice, Mr. Tudball, Mrs. Wiggins, and the rest).[23]

text: Media[edit]

text: In the early 2000s, certain full-length episodes of The Carol Burnett Show were released on VHS and DVD by Columbia House on a subscription basis (now discontinued). Guthy-Renker released another DVD collection, The Carol Burnett Show Collector's Edition.

text: In August 2012, Time–Life released The Carol Burnett Show - The Ultimate Collection on DVD in Region 1. This 22-disc set features 50 episodes from the series, selected by Burnett. It also contains bonus features, including interviews with the cast, featurettes, sketches that were never aired, and a 24-page commemorative booklet.

text: In August 2015, Time–Life released The Carol Burnett Show - The Lost Episodes on DVD in Region 1. This 22-disc set features 45 episodes from the series' first five years (1967–72), selected by Burnett. It also contains bonus features, including interviews with the cast, featurettes, and a 24-page commemorative booklet.[24] Previously, due to an ongoing legal battle with the production company Bob Banner Associates, the episodes from those seasons had never appeared in syndication nor been released on home media.[dubious – discuss][25][not in citation given]

text: Nielsen ratings/broadcast schedule[edit]

text:
Season
Rank [26]
Rating
Time slot

1 (1967–68)
#27
20.1
Mondays at 10:00 pm

2 (1968–69)
#24
20.8

3 (1969–70)
#13
22.1

4 (1970–71)
#25
19.8

5 (1971–72)
#23
21.2
Wednesdays at 8:00 pm

6 (1972–73)
#22
20.3

7 (1973–74)
#27
20.1
Saturdays at 10:00 pm

8 (1974–75)
#29
20.4

9 (1975–76)
20.5

10 (1976–77)
#44
18.9

11 (1977–78)
#66
16.4

12 (1991)

Fridays at 9:00 pm


document_title: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

question_text: who has made the most goals in the world cup

text: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

text: Overall top goalscorers[edit]

text:
Table key

♦

Denotes national top scorers at the World Cup

#

Denotes players who played for their national teams at the most recent tournament in 2018

[ ]

Denotes tournaments where the player was part of the squad, but did not play in a match

( )

Denotes tournaments where the player played in a match, but did not score a goal

text:
Players with at least 5 goals at the FIFA World Cup tournaments[6][7]

Rank

Player

Team

Goalsscored

Matchesplayed

Goalsper game[nb 1]

Tournaments

Notes

1

Miroslav Klose♦

 Germany

16

24

0.67

2002, 2006, 2010, 2014

list[9]

2

Ronaldo♦

 Brazil

15

19

0.79

[1994], 1998, 2002, 2006

list[10]

3

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

14

13

1.08

1970, 1974

list[11]

4

Just Fontaine♦

 France

13

6

2.17

1958

list[12]

5

Pelé

 Brazil

12

14

0.86

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

list[13]

6

Sándor Kocsis♦

 Hungary

11

5

2.20

1954

list[14]

Jürgen Klinsmann

 West Germany Germany

17

0.65

1990,1994, 1998

list[15]

8

Helmut Rahn

 West Germany

10

10

1.00

1954, 1958

list[16]

Gary Lineker♦

 England

12

0.83

1986, 1990

list[17]

Gabriel Batistuta♦

 Argentina

12

0.83

1994, 1998, 2002

list[18]

Teófilo Cubillas♦

 Peru

13

0.77

1970, 1978, (1982)

list[19]

Thomas Müller#

 Germany

16

0.63

2010, 2014, (2018)

list[20][21]

Grzegorz Lato♦

 Poland

20

0.50

1974, 1978, 1982

list[22]

14

Eusébio♦

 Portugal

9

6

1.50

1966

list[23]

Christian Vieri♦

 Italy

9

1.00

1998, 2002

list[24]

Vavá

 Brazil

10

0.90

1958, 1962

[25]

David Villa♦

 Spain

12

0.75

2006, 2010, 2014

list[26]

Paolo Rossi♦

 Italy

14

0.64

1978, 1982, [1986]

list[27]

Jairzinho

 Brazil

16

0.56

(1966), 1970, 1974

list[28]

Roberto Baggio♦

 Italy

16

0.56

1990, 1994, 1998

list[29]

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

 West Germany

19

0.47

1978, 1982, 1986

list[30]

Uwe Seeler

 West Germany

21

0.43

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

[31]

23

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

2.00

1930

list[32]

Leônidas

 Brazil

5

1.60

1934, 1938

list[nb 2][34]

Ademir

 Brazil

6

1.33

1950

list[nb 3][37]

Óscar Míguez♦

 Uruguay

7

1.14

1950, 1954

[38]

Rivaldo

 Brazil

14

0.57

1998, 2002

list[39]

Rudi Völler

 West Germany Germany

15

0.53

1986, 1990,1994

list[40]

Diego Maradona

 Argentina

21

0.38

1982, 1986, (1990), 1994

list[41]

30

Oldřich Nejedlý♦

 Czechoslovakia

7

6

1.17

1934, 1938

[nb 4][42]

Lajos Tichy

 Hungary

8

0.88

1958, 1962, [1966]

list[43]

Careca

 Brazil

9

0.78

1986, 1990

[44]

Johnny Rep♦

 Netherlands

13

0.54

1974, 1978

[45]

Andrzej Szarmach

 Poland

13

0.54

1974, 1978, 1982

[46]

Luis Suárez#

 Uruguay

13

0.54

2010, 2014, 2018

list[47][48]

Hans Schäfer

 West Germany

15

0.47

1954, 1958, (1962)

[49]

Cristiano Ronaldo#

 Portugal

17

0.41

2006, 2010, 2014, 2018

list[48][50]

38

Josef Hügi♦

  Switzerland

6

3

2.00

1954

[51]

Oleg Salenko♦

 Russia

3

2.00

1994

list[52]

György Sárosi

 Hungary

5

1.20

1934, 1938

[53]

Max Morlock

 West Germany

5

1.20

1954

[54]

Erich Probst♦

 Austria

5

1.20

1954

[55]

Harry Kane#

 England

6

1.00

2018

list[56]

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

7

0.86

1990

list[57]

Davor Šuker♦

 Yugoslavia Croatia

8

0.75

[1990],1998, (2002)

list[nb 5][58]

James Rodríguez♦#

 Colombia

8

0.75

2014, (2018)

list[59][60]

Helmut Haller

 West Germany

9

0.67

(1962), 1966, (1970)

[61]

Hristo Stoichkov♦

 Bulgaria

10

0.60

1994, (1998)

list[62]

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

10

0.60

2002, 2010, (2014)

list[63]

Neymar#

 Brazil

10

0.60

2014, 2018

list[48][64]

Asamoah Gyan♦

 Ghana

11

0.55

2006, 2010, 2014

list[65]

Dennis Bergkamp

 Netherlands

12

0.50

1994, 1998

list[66]

Rob Rensenbrink

 Netherlands

13

0.46

1974, 1978

[67]

Rivellino

 Brazil

15

0.40

1970, 1974, (1978)

[68]

Bebeto

 Brazil

15

0.40

(1990), 1994, 1998

list[69]

Arjen Robben

 Netherlands

15

0.40

2006, 2010, 2014

list[70]

Zbigniew Boniek

 Poland

16

0.38

1978, 1982, (1986)

list[71]

Thierry Henry

 France

17

0.35

1998, (2002), 2006, (2010)

list[72]

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

17

0.35

(2006), 2010, 2014

list[73]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands

17

0.35

2006, 2010, 2014

list[74]

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

18

0.33

(1974), 1978, (1982)

list[75]

Lionel Messi#

 Argentina

19

0.32

2006, (2010), 2014, 2018

list[48][76]

Lothar Matthäus

 West Germany Germany

25

0.24

(1982), 1986, 1990, 1994, (1998)

[77]

64

Pedro Cea

 Uruguay

5

4

1.25

1930

list[78]

Silvio Piola

 Italy

4

1.25

1938

[79]

Gyula Zsengellér

 Hungary

4

1.25

1938

[80]

Peter McParland♦

 Northern Ireland

5

1.00

1958

list[81]

Tomáš Skuhravý

 Czechoslovakia

5

1.00

1990

[82]

Juan Alberto Schiaffino

 Uruguay

6

0.83

1950, 1954

[83]

Geoff Hurst

 England

6

0.83

1966, 1970

list[84]

Jon Dahl Tomasson♦

 Denmark

6

0.83

2002, 2010

list[85]

Alessandro Altobelli

 Italy

7

0.71

1982, 1986

[86]

Kennet Andersson♦

 Sweden

7

0.71

1994

list[87]

Fernando Morientes

 Spain

7

0.71

1998, 2002

list[88]

Romário

 Brazil

8

0.63

(1990), 1994

list[89]

Marc Wilmots♦

 Belgium

8

0.63

[1990], (1994), 1998, 2002

list[90]

Mario Mandžukić#

 Croatia

8

0.63

2014, 2018

list[48][91]

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

9

0.56

1958, 1962

list[92]

Emilio Butragueño

 Spain

9

0.56

1986, (1990)

list[93]

Roger Milla♦

 Cameroon

9

0.56

(1982), 1990, 1994

[94]

Tim Cahill♦#

 Australia

9

0.56

2006, 2010, 2014, (2018)

list[95][96]

Hans Krankl

 Austria

10

0.50

1978, 1982

list[97]

Romelu Lukaku♦#

 Belgium

10

0.50

2014, 2018

list[98]

Ivan Perišić#

 Croatia

10

0.50

2014, 2018

list[48][99]

Raúl

 Spain

11

0.45

1998, 2002, 2006

list[100]

Garrincha

 Brazil

12

0.42

(1958), 1962, 1966

[101]

Johan Neeskens

 Netherlands

12

0.42

1974, (1978)

[102]

Fernando Hierro

 Spain

12

0.42

[1990], 1994, 1998, 2002

list[103]

Zinedine Zidane

 France

12

0.42

1998, (2002), 2006

[104]

Landon Donovan♦

 United States

12

0.42

2002, (2006), 2010

list[105]

Henrik Larsson♦

 Sweden

13

0.38

1994, 2002, 2006

list[106]

Michel Platini

 France

14

0.36

1978, 1982, 1986

[107]

Zico

 Brazil

14

0.36

1978, 1982, (1986)

[108]

Gonzalo Higuaín#

 Argentina

14

0.36

2010, 2014, (2018)

list[109][110]

Edinson Cavani#

 Uruguay

14

0.36

2010, 2014, 2018

list[48][111]

Lukas Podolski

 Germany

15

0.33

2006, 2010, (2014)

list[112]

Franz Beckenbauer

 West Germany

18

0.28

1966, 1970, (1974)

list[113]

text: Timeline[edit]

text:
Progressive list of footballers that have held the record for most goals scored at the FIFA World Cup final tournaments

Goals

Date

Player

Team

Match

Opponent

Previous goals

Ref

1

July 13, 1930

Lucien Laurent

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

N/A

[nb 6]

Bart McGhee

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Marcel Langiller

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

Tom Florie

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 Belgium

Juan Carreño

 Mexico

 1930 – Group stage

 France

2

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

July 16, 1930

Carlos Vidal

 Chile

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

[116]

July 17, 1930

Ivan Bek

 Yugoslavia

 1930 – Group stage

 Bolivia

1930 vs Brazil

[117]

3

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Paraguay

1930 vs Belgium, Paraguay

[118]

4

July 22, 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

 1930 – Group stage

 Chile

1930 vs Mexico (3)

[119]

5

6

July 26, 1930

 1930 – Semi-final

 United States

7

8

July 30, 1930

 1930 – Final

 Uruguay

June 19, 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

 1938 – 3rd place

 Sweden

1934 vs Spain1938 vs Poland (3), Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Sweden (2)

[120]

July 13, 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

 1950 – Final round

 Spain

1950 vs Mexico (2), Yugoslavia, Sweden (3), Spain

[37]

June 27, 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

 1954 – Quarter-final

 Brazil

1954 vs South Korea (3), West Germany (4)

[121]

9

10

June 30, 1954

 1954 – Semi-final

 Uruguay

11

June 28, 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

 1958 – 3rd place

 West Germany

1958 vs Paraguay (3), Yugoslavia (2), Scotland, Northern Ireland (2), Brazil, West Germany

[122]

12

13

July 3, 1974

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

 1974 – Second round

 Poland

1970 vs Morocco, Bulgaria (3), Peru (3), England, Italy (2) 1974 vs Australia, Yugoslavia

[11]

14

July 7, 1974

 1974 – Final

 Netherlands

June 22, 2006

Ronaldo

 Brazil

 2006 – Group stage

 Japan

1998 vs Morocco, Chile (2), Netherlands  2002 vs Turkey, China, Costa Rica (2), Belgium, Turkey, Germany (2)  2006 vs Japan

[123]

15

June 27, 2006

 2006 – Round of 16

 Ghana

June 21, 2014

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

 2014 – Group stage

 Ghana

2002 vs Saudi Arabia (3), Ireland, Cameroon  2006 vs Costa Rica (2), Ecuador (2), Argentina  2010 vs Australia, England, Argentina (2)

[124]

16

July 8, 2014

 2014 – Semi-final

 Brazil

text: Top goalscorers for each tournament[edit]

text:
Top goalscorers at each FIFA World Cup final tournament[125][126][127]

World Cup

Player

Team

Goals scored

Matches played

Golden Boot

Other FIFA Awards

 Uruguay 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

Silver Ball

 Italy 1934

Oldřich Nejedlý

 Czechoslovakia

5

4

Bronze Ball

 France 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

7

5

Golden Ball

 Brazil 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

8

6

Bronze Ball

  Switzerland 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

11

5

Silver Ball

 Sweden 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

13

6

Bronze Ball

 Chile 1962

Garrincha

 Brazil

4

6

Golden Ball

Vavá

 Brazil

6

Leonel Sánchez

 Chile

6

Bronze Ball

Flórián Albert

 Hungary

4

Best Young Player

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

4

Dražan Jerković

 Yugoslavia

6

 England 1966

Eusébio

 Portugal

9

6

Bronze Ball

 Mexico 1970

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

10

6

Best Young Player, Bronze Ball

 West Germany 1974

Grzegorz Lato

 Poland

7

7

 Argentina 1978

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

6

7

Golden Ball

 Spain 1982

Paolo Rossi

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 Mexico 1986

Gary Lineker

 England

6

5

 Italy 1990

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 USA 1994

Hristo Stoichkov

 Bulgaria

6

7

Bronze Ball

Oleg Salenko

 Russia

3

 France 1998

Davor Šuker

 Croatia

6

7

Silver Ball

 South Korea and Japan 2002

Ronaldo

 Brazil

8

7

Silver Ball

 Germany 2006

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

5

7

 South Africa 2010

Thomas Müller

 Germany

5

6

Best Young Player

David Villa

 Spain

7

Silver Boot, Bronze Ball

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

7

Bronze Boot, Silver Ball

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

7

Golden Ball

 Brazil 2014

James Rodríguez

 Colombia

6

5

 Russia 2018

Harry Kane

 England

6

6


document_title: Yellow brick road

question_text: where did the yellow brick road lead to

question_tokens: where did the yellow brick road lead to

text: Yellow brick road

text: Road's history[edit]

text: The following is an excerpt from the third chapter of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, in which Dorothy sets off to see the Wizard:

text: ..."There were several roads near by, but it did not take Dorothy long to find the one paved with yellow bricks. Within a short time she was walking briskly toward the Emerald City; her Silver Shoes tinkling merrily on the hard, yellow road-bed ".

text: The road is first introduced in the third chapter of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The road begins in the heart of the eastern quadrant called Munchkin Country in the Land of Oz. It functions as a guideline that leads all who follow it, to the road's ultimate destination—the imperial capital of Oz called Emerald City that is located in the exact center of the entire continent. In the book, the novel's main protagonist, Dorothy, is forced to search for the road before she can begin her quest to seek the Wizard. This is because the cyclone from Kansas did not release her farmhouse closely near it as it did in the various film adaptations. After the council with the native Munchkins and their dear friend the Good Witch of the North, Dorothy begins looking for it and sees many pathways and roads nearby, (all of which lead in various directions). Thankfully it doesn't take her too long to spot the one paved with bright yellow bricks.

text: Later in the book, Dorothy and her companions, the Scarecrow, Tin Woodman and Cowardly Lion discover that the road has fallen into disrepair in some parts of the land, having several broken chasms ending at dangerous cliffs with deadly drops. In the end of the book we learn the road's history; unlike in Walt Disney's prequel film Oz the Great and Powerful (2013), the Emerald City and yellow brick road did not exist prior to Oz's arrival. When Oscar Diggs arrived in Oz via hot air-balloon that had been swept away in a storm, the people of the land were convinced he was a great "Wizard" who had finally come to fulfill Oz's long-awaited prophecy. Since the recent fall of Oz's mortal King Pastoria, and the mysterious disappearance of his baby daughter Princess Ozma, Oscar immediately proclaimed himself as Oz's new dominant ruler and had his people build the road as well as the city in his honor.

text: In the second Oz book, The Marvelous Land of Oz, Tip and his companion Jack Pumpkinhead, likewise follow a yellow brick road to reach Emerald City while traveling from Oz's northern quadrant, the Gillikin Country.[1] In the book The Patchwork Girl of Oz, it is revealed that there are two yellow brick roads from Munchkin Country to the Emerald City: according to the Shaggy Man, Dorothy took the longer and more dangerous one in The Wonderful Wizard of Oz.[1]

text: In the classic 1939 film, a red brick road can be seen starting at the same point as the yellow brick road and is entwined with it, despite seemingly going in a different direction. This version of the road does not exist in Baum's books. Also, at the cornfield where Dorothy meets and befriends the Scarecrow, there is a fork in the yellow brick road leading in different directions. Luckily they choose the correct one of the three branches that leads to Emerald City.

text: In Disney's 1985 live action semi-sequel to the 1939 movie Return to Oz, Dorothy returns to Oz six months after being sent back home to Kansas from her first visit. Upon her second arrival she finds the yellow brick road in ruins by the hands of the evil Nome King who also conquered the Emerald City. In the end, it is presumed that after she defeats him and saves the city and its citizens, the road is restored as well.

text: Real yellow brick roads[edit]

text: The actual road is believed to be one in Peekskill, New York, where L. Frank Baum attended Peekskill Military Academy.[2] According to a local legend, the Yellow Brick Road was derived from a road paved with yellow bricks near Holland, Michigan, where Baum spent summers.[citation needed] Ithaca, New York, also makes a claim for being Frank Baum's inspiration. He opened a road tour of his musical, The Maid of Arran, in Ithaca, and he met his future wife Maud Gage Baum while she was attending Cornell University. At the time, yellow bricks paved local roads.[3] Yellow brick roads can also be found in Aberdeen, South Dakota; Albany, New York; Rossville (Baltimore County), Maryland; Montclair, New Jersey (Parkhurst Place and Afterglow Way); Bronxville, New York (on Prescott and Valley roads); Chicago, Illinois; Liberal, Kansas; Sedan, Kansas and Chittenango, New York, as well as a school in Abington, Pennsylvania, and abroad in Sofia, Bulgaria.

text: Two direct, and the only published, references to the origin of the Yellow Brick Road came from Baum's own descendants: his son Frank Joslyn Baum in To Please A Child and the other by Roger S. Baum, the great-grandson of L. Frank Baum who stated, "Most people don't realize that the Wizard of Oz was written in Chicago, and the Yellow Brick Road was named after winding cobblestone roads in Holland, Michigan, where great-grandfather spent vacations with his family."

text: Dallas, Texas makes a claim that Baum once stayed at a downtown hotel during his newspaper career (located near what is now the Triple Underpass) at a time when the streets were paved with wooden blocks of Bois D'Arc also known as Osage Orange. Supposedly, after a rainstorm the sun came out and he saw a bright yellow brick road from the window of his room.

text: The Vision Oz Fund was established in November 2009 to raise funds that will be used to help increase the awareness, enhancement, and further development of Oz-related attractions and assets in Wamego, Kansas. The first fundraiser is underway and includes selling personalized engraved yellow bricks, which will become part of the permanent walkway (aka "The Yellow Brick Road") in downtown Wamego.[4]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
Inspired the title, artwork, and title song of Elton John's 1973 album Goodbye Yellow Brick Road.
Inspired the title of the song by American musician, artist and poet Don Van Vliet, also known as Captain Beefheart, on his 1967 album Safe as Milk.
Inspired the title of the 2010 horror film YellowBrickRoad.
A song by Arctic Monkeys is called "Old Yellow Bricks."
Commenting on the song "The Sweet Escape," singer Gwen Stefani stated that it would put her "on the yellow brick road to the No Doubt record I might do."[5]
Oprah Winfrey has referred to her success as a "yellow brick road of blessings" during both the announcement of the decision to end her talk show and the farewell episode.[6][7]
Angus and Julia Stone also referred to the Yellow Brick Road in a song of the same name.
The American band Breaking Benjamin also referred to the Yellow Brick Road in their song "Home".
In "Gypsy", a song from Lady Gaga's Artpop, she sings "So I just packed my baggage and / Said goodbye to family and friends / And took a road to nowhere on my own / Like Dorothy on the yellow brick / Hope my ruby shoes get us there quick."[8]
The band Muse use a sample of "Follow the Yellow Brick Road" in the outro of their 2015 song Reapers.
Inspired the title of the famous ice cream shop Yellow Brick Road in Brick, NJ.[9]
Eminem used "Yellow Brick Road" as title to the track number 4 from his album Encore, which portrays his childhood.
The road also appears in "Lego Dimensions", where the main characters: Batman, Gandalf, and Wyldstyle arrive at and they encounter Dorothy and her group along with the Wicked Witch of the West. Later, fragments of the road were summon to help the trio reach Foundation Prime's palace.


document_title: Standin' on the Corner Park

question_text: who sings standing on the corner in winslow arizona

text: Standin' on the Corner Park

text:
Standin' on the Corner Park
Standin' on the Corner Park, a tribute to the Jackson Browne/Glenn Frey song "Take It Easy"Type
MunicipalLocation
Winslow, ArizonaCoordinates
35°1′24.54″N 110°41′53.03″W / 35.0234833°N 110.6980639°W / 35.0234833; -110.6980639Created
1999Operated by
Standin' on the Corner in Winslow, Arizona Park CommitteeStatus
Open all year

text: Standin' on the Corner Park (opened in 1999 in Winslow, Arizona). It is a public park, commemorating the song "Take It Easy" which was written by Jackson Browne and Glenn Frey and, most famously, recorded by the Eagles. The song includes the verse "Well, I'm a standing on a corner in Winslow, Arizona and such a fine sight to see. It's a girl, my Lord, in a flatbed Ford slowin' down to take a look at me." The park contains a two-story trompe-l'œil mural by John Pugh, and a bronze statue by Ron Adamson[1] of a life-sized man who is standing on a corner with a guitar by his side. The park is surrounded by a wall of bricks, with windows to peer into; each brick has a donor's name on it, and a story by each of the donors describing their fondness for Winslow, Arizona.[2]

text: History[edit]

text: Until the 1960s, Winslow was a thriving town in northern Arizona just off Route 66. Construction of the $7.7 million bypass around Winslow began soon after 1977.[3] When I-40 bypassed the community many local businesses disappeared, the tourism sector being among the hardest hit. While some local jobs remained (as Winslow is the base of operation for one thousand railroad workers), the local downtown was badly hurt by the influx of national chains (such as Walmart and McDonald's) along the new interstate highway to the north of the town.[4] Twenty years passed and Winslow was stuck in a commercial rut.

text: Winslow was the next to last town to be bypassed... We would watch hundreds of trucks roll by day and night. Then one morning, they opened (I-40) and everything stopped. For about 20 years, nobody knew what to do.

text: In 1997, the La Posada Hotel (a former Harvey House on the Santa Fe Railroad, long at risk for demolition) was restored and reopened. Listing of La Posada Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places served as a first step toward re-awakening the town.

text: The Standin' on the Corner Foundation was formed to create a renaissance of Winslow. Determined to build on tourism, the foundation took advantage of the town being mentioned in the song "Take It Easy" made famous by the Eagles. From 1997 until 1999, the foundation was busy finding donors and planning design concepts. On September 10 and 11, 1999 the park was opened to the public.[2]

text: The 2006 release of animated film Cars brought renewed attention to the efforts to save local U.S. Route 66 main street businesses in towns long bypassed. While Winslow itself is not depicted on-screen, the movie's credits list both La Posada Hotel and Diane Patterson's souvenir shop at Standin' on the Corner Park among the many Mother Road locations at which Pixar studio personnel conducted exhaustive interviews as part of extensive research for the film.

text: On October 18, 2004, there was a fire at the Standin' on the Corner Park.  While the face of the building and the actual corner survived, the rest of the building was burned down. As of  2011[update], an attempt to restore downtown Winslow tourism is booming.

text: In September 2016, a statue was unveiled at the park in the likeness of Glenn Frey, who died earlier that year.[5]