document_title: Batman: The Enemy Within

question_text: batman enemy within season 2 episode 4 release date

text: Batman: The Enemy Within

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Like most Telltale games, the game features a similar episodic format found in other titles (such as Game of Thrones, The Walking Dead, The Wolf Among Us and Tales from the Borderlands). The player controls Bruce Wayne and his alter-ego Batman, with the game evenly split for both characters. The game features a branching narrative, similar to past Telltale games, giving the player options in approaching a situation and having that choice affect later events in the game. If the player had played the previous game, choices made, such as saving certain characters or stopping a criminal, may also be imported, though the game can be played as a standalone title. The game includes action sequences that are resolved similar to Telltale's other games, using quick time events. The series also includes investigation sequences, allowing the player to use Batman's detective skills to investigate areas. Sections of the game also present situations to the player where they may choose to approach as Bruce Wayne or as Batman. Crowd Play, a feature implemented in the predecessor, also returns for The Enemy Within, allowing streamers to let their audience interact with their session with the game.

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Characters[edit]

text: The player once again assumes control of Bruce Wayne/Batman (Troy Baker), a billionaire who secretly fights crime in Gotham. His butler and former legal guardian Alfred Pennyworth (Enn Reitel), Police Commissioner James Gordon (Murphy Guyer), and Wayne Enterprises Chief of Technology Lucius Fox (Dave Fennoy) return to assist Batman in the field. The game introduces "The Agency", a mysterious government organization with its own agenda led by the ruthless Amanda Waller (Debra Wilson). New supporting characters are also introduced, including Special Agent Iman Avesta (Emily O'Brien), one of the Agency's operatives, and Tiffany Fox (Valarie Rae Miller), the daughter of Lucius and an employee at Wayne Enterprises.

text: "John Doe" (Anthony Ingruber) and Selina Kyle/Catwoman (Laura Bailey) also return, now members of a group of criminals called "the Pact". Other members of the group include Riddler (Robin Atkin Downes), Bane (J. B. Blanc), Dr. Victor Fries/Mr. Freeze (Matthew Mercer) and Harleen Quinzel/Harley Quinn (Laura Post).

text: Detective Renee Montoya (Sumalee Montano), Reporter Jack Ryder (Robert Clotworthy) and Wayne Enterprises Chairwoman Regina Zellerbach (Lorri Holt) return with smaller roles within the series. New minor characters introduced include Police Detective Harvey Bullock (Keith Szarabajka), Agency operative Vernon Blake (Christian Lanz), international arms dealer Rumi Mori (Keone Young), Riddler's second-in-command Eli Knable (Alex Hernandez), and Stacked Deck patrons Frank Dumfree and Willy Deever (Kirk Thornton and Dave B. Mitchell respectively).

text: Setting[edit]

text: The Enemy Within is set in the same Batman continuity introduced in Batman: The Telltale Series, which took place a number of years into Batman's career. Like the previous installment, the game is set during the mid-to-late 2010s in Gotham City, primarily the Batcave, Wayne Enterprises and Gotham City Police Headquarters. The game also follows the events of the previous game, taking place between a couple of months to a year after these events.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Approximately a year after the defeat of the Children of Arkham, Batman continues to patrol Gotham while slowly regaining his reputation as Bruce Wayne. While targeting an arms dealer, he witnesses the return of the Riddler, one of Gotham's first super-criminals. Confronting the criminal with help from Gordon and the GCPD, he fails to capture him and is assisted by the Agency and their operatives. During their clean up, Batman meets Amanda Waller, the director of the Agency, who take over the investigation and offers to assist him in tracking Riddler. After returning to the Batcave with a puzzle left by Riddler, Bruce solves it, though is fazed when discovering a signal emitter. When Lucius Fox, the chief of technology at Wayne Enterprises investigates, he is mysteriously killed in an explosion. At Lucius' funeral, Bruce reunites with former Arkham patient "John Doe", who has been discharged for good behavior. John, having made a number of "friends" after his release, asks Bruce to meet and joined his group, which he refers to as "the Pact". When finding out that Bruce is searching for Riddler, John gives him a lead to investigate in Gotham's East End.

text: With Gordon, Batman follows the lead to discover Riddler's lair, where he discovers clues to his plans and a death trap to solve. He also finds a radio wave guided homing missile and deduces that the signal was actually a homing guide and had drawn a missile to its location if allowed to play long enough, resulting Fox's death. Using evidence he finds, Batman deduces that Riddler plans to target the Agency, having hacked the agent's phones and making them send the targeting signal to call missiles to their locations. Determined to find Riddler, Bruce follows another lead and tracks him to a freight ship. After escaping a deadly game set up by Riddler, Batman manages to redirect the missiles and defeats the criminal. As he is interrogated by the vigilante, Riddler is shot with a poisoned dart and dies, revealing that he is also a member of the Pact. As the Agency and GCPD arrive, Waller takes over law enforcement in Gotham and reveals to Batman her knowledge of his true identity. Waller suggests that he infiltrates the Pact as his alter-ego and gives him an ultimatum: work with the Agency to help arrest the Pact or risk having his identity exposed.

text: Several moments later, a series of explosions go off throughout the city. Responding to an attack at the police arsenal, Batman battles another member of the Pact, Bane, who easily overpowers him with help from a steroid called Venom. Surviving thanks to help from either Gordon or Waller, Batman decides to follow the latter's advice and meets with John to accept his offer. The two meet at a bar, where he is introduced to John's former psychiatrist Harleen Quinzel, now the criminal Harley Quinn. Suspicious of Bruce, Harley gives him a chance to prove himself by stealing a prototype electrical skeleton key from Wayne Enterprises, with them joining him during the heist. Despite problems, including an unexpected encounter with Lucius' grieving daughter Tiffany, he is able to get the device to them and an EMP generator. After this show of compliance, Bruce is called to meet the other members of the Pact, Bane and Mr. Freeze, and convince them to vote him into the group. Successful, he joins them on their latest heist: a mysterious package guarded by an Agency convoy. With Waller refusing to help, Bruce is forced to assist the Pact and escapes with them. Upon returning to the group's hideout, the target is revealed to have been the Riddler's body and that his former ally Catwoman is also a member of the Pact.

text: After copying Riddler's eyes, Harley reveals one of Riddler's laptops, which he had left in their possession, and Bruce, John and Catwoman head to his hideout to find the location of their mark. After solving another death trap hidden in the lair, they discover the target to be an organization called SANCTUS, which Riddler was formerly associated with. The Pact also begin to suspect a mole, due to the time it took for the job to escalate, and suspicions fall on Bruce. After retrieving Harley's laptop through help from either Selina or John, Bruce finds that SANCTUS was one of the Agency's former divisions in charge of experimentation. The laptop contains evidence of a biological weapon called LOTUS and the lab's location, where it is being kept. After the Pact learn of the lab's location, Bruce is forced to either give himself or Selina up as the mole, leading to the Pact attempting to execute them.

text: Depending on the decision, Bruce either accompanies them during the heist and sabotages it or escapes from his fate and confronts the group as Batman, possibly with Catwoman's help. During the heist, Harley betrays the Pact and escapes with the virus, whilst Freeze and Bane are captured by the Agency. While searching for her, Bruce learns that Project LOTUS was a failed restorative agent, with Riddler being the only known survivor of the experiment. The members of the Pact have planned to use his blood to convert the virus into a healing serum to cure their own ailments. However, Waller has been aware of this plan and plotting to blackmail them into joining the Agency, with the promise of a cure. Unknown to all parties, using even the working version can cause mental problems for the user. After following another lead given by John, Bruce finds him surrounded by agents' bodies. Claiming it to be self defense, John realizes the truth about their "friendship" and reveals his knowledge of Bruce's activities as Batman. Regardless of whether he believes him, Bruce leaves to help the Agency capture a volatile Harley Quinn. During the confrontation, John arrives and attacks the Agency, escaping with LOTUS and potentially Quinn, the latter depending on the player's choices.

text: Several weeks later, John, now known as "Joker", reemerges, now either a vigilante with a twisted sense of right and wrong or a criminal collaborating with Quinn to get revenge on Bruce. The former has Batman briefly working with Joker to fights off the Agency, until he kidnaps and attempts to kill Waller. However, the latter has Joker and Harley terrorizing the city with LOTUS and forcing Bruce into a demented game, pitting him against his allies. Regardless of the path, Bruce learns that Tiffany murdered Riddler to avenge her father and he eventually defeats Joker. Following Joker's capture, Waller orders the Agency to leave Gotham and promises not to reveal Bruce's identity. As Batman, Bruce confronts Tiffany, leading to her either leaving to work for the Agency, joining him in his crusade against crime, escaping to become a fugitive, or being handed over to the authorities for murder. Returning to the manor, Bruce learns that Alfred has decided to leave Gotham to return home, having been struggling to continue since he was kidnapped by Lady Arkham. After a heated discussion, Bruce either decides to leave the life of vigilantism behind to convince Alfred to stay or allows him to leave whilst he continues to operate as Batman.

text: In a post credits scene, Joker is shown to have been returned to Arkham Asylum. If he was a vigilante, he is either visited by Bruce or decides to become the hero's archenemy. However, if he was a criminal, he is shown playing with a doll version of Bruce, which he promises to see again.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"The Enigma"
Kent Mudle
James Windeler, Patrick Kevin Day & Shanon Ingles
August 8, 2017 (2017-08-08)

2
2
"The Pact"
Matthew Leach
Luke McMullen, Chris Hockabout, Shanon Ingles & Patrick Kevin Day
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)

3
3
"Fractured Mask"
Sean Manning
Ross Beeley, Shanon Ingles, Lauren R. Mee & Josh R. Trujillo
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)

4
4
"What Ails You"
Chris Rieser
Patrick Kevin Day & Lauren R. Mee
January 23, 2018 (2018-01-23)

5
5
"Same Stitch"
Kent Mudle
Meghan Thornton, Ross Beeley & Lauren R. Mee
March 27, 2018 (2018-03-27)

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: This section may lend undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. Please help to create a more balanced presentation. Discuss and resolve this issue before removing this message. (April 2018)

text: Batman: The Enemy Within received generally positive reviews from critics, some of which considered it an improvement over its predecessor, earning praise for its story, choices, action sequences, and portrayal of the Batman mythos.[3][4][5] The game won the award for "Performance in a Drama, Supporting" with Debra Wilson at the 17th Annual National Academy of Video Game Trade Reviewers Awards, whereas its other nomination was for "Game, Franchise Adventure".[6][7]

text: Many reviewers praised the game's unique depiction of the Joker, with the player being given the opportunity to try to prevent him from becoming a villain. For example, Scott Maslow from GQ was happily surprised by this version of the Joker and said it managed to make "Batman's most overexposed villain" interesting again: "The Joker has always said his past is multiple-choice, but this is the first time I’ve felt like I was the one checking the boxes."[8] Bradley Shankar from MobileSyrup was especially positive with a review titled "Batman: The Enemy Within offers one of the greatest Joker stories ever told". He explained: "... while there have been numerous great interpretations of the Batman-Joker relationship over the years, there has never been one quite as complex and morally grey as what Telltale has created with The Enemy Within".[9] Tamoor Hussain from GameSpot gave the final episode a 9/10, concluding: "While Telltale's first Batman season stuck a bit too close to established mythos and delivered an underwhelming ending, the second is a memorable Joker origin story that Bat-fans should make a point of playing."[10] Stephanie Chan from VentureBeat was slightly less enthusiastic but still gave the game a score of 80/100 and said: "By the end of the series, I’ll say that Batman: The Enemy Within has tentatively won me over. That’s purely on the strength of the relationship between Batman and The Joker."[11]


document_title: United States Senate special election in Alabama, 2017

question_text: when does the new senator from alabama take office

root

text: Background[edit]

text: Potential appointees[edit]

text: Following then-President-elect Donald Trump's nomination of then-Senator Sessions to be U.S. Attorney General, Robert Aderholt, a member of the United States House of Representatives, had asked to be appointed to the seat.[27] Representative Mo Brooks had also expressed interest in the seat, while Strange had stated before being selected that he would run for the seat in the special election whether or not he was appointed.[28][29] Other potential choices Bentley interviewed for the appointment included Moore, Del Marsh, the President Pro Tem of the Alabama Senate, and Jim Byard, the director of the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs.[30]

tag: p

text: Republican primary[edit]

text: Campaign[edit]

text: The Republican primary attracted national attention, especially following Trump's endorsement of incumbent Senator Luther Strange. Strange was backed by several key figures within the Republican establishment, most notably Mitch McConnell. His two main rivals in the primary consisted of former state judge Roy Moore and Mo Brooks. While Strange showed no signs of losing the first round of the primary, almost every opinion poll showed him trailing Roy Moore in a runoff. Strange came in second place in the first round of the primary behind Roy Moore, securing a spot in the runoff.[31]

text: National interest in the race dramatically increased in the month before the runoff. Strange maintained his endorsement from Trump, who campaigned for him in Huntsville during the closing days of the campaign.[32] Trump's endorsement of Strange sparked criticism among his own base, many of whom preferred Moore and detested Strange for his seemingly establishment feel. Several notable people close to Trump broke from the President to endorse Moore, including HUD Secretary Ben Carson and Breitbart Executive Chairman Steve Bannon. Despite the endorsement of Trump, Strange was handily defeated by Roy Moore in the runoff.[33]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Nominated[edit]

text: Roy Moore, former Chief Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court and candidate for Governor in 2006 and 2010[34]

tag: ul

text: Eliminated in runoff[edit]

text: Luther Strange, incumbent U.S. Senator (appointed) and former Attorney General of Alabama[35]

text: Eliminated in primary[edit]

text:
James Beretta, physician[36]
Joseph F. Breault, Air Force chaplain and nominee for the Utah House of Representatives in 2016[36][37]
Randy Brinson, gastroenterologist and activist[38]
Mo Brooks, U.S. Representative[39]
Dom Gentile, businessman[40][41]
Karen Jackson, attorney and perennial candidate[36][42]
Mary Maxwell, candidate for NH-02 in 2006[43][44]
Bryan Peeples, businessman[45]
Trip Pittman, State Senator[46]

text: Withdrew[edit]

text: Ed Henry, State Representative[47][48] (withdrew from race on May 17).

text: Declined[edit]

text:
Robert Aderholt, U.S. Representative[49]
Slade Blackwell, State Senator[50][51]
Bradley Byrne, U.S. Representative[52][53]
Bill Hightower, State Senator[35]
Perry O. Hooper Jr., former State Representative[54][55]
Mary Scott Hunter, member of the Alabama State Board of Education[56]
Del Marsh, President Pro Tempore of the State Senate[57][58][59]
Jonathan McConnell, businessman and candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2016[57]
John Merrill, Secretary of State of Alabama[60]

Glenn Murdock, Associate Justice of the Alabama Supreme Court[61]
Gary Palmer, U.S. Representative[52]
Jimmy Rane, businessman[57]
Martha Roby, U.S. Representative[52]
Mike Rogers, U.S. Representative[52]
Connie Rowe, State Representative[52]
Cam Ward, State Senator[50]
Jim Zeigler, Alabama State Auditor[62]

tag: table

text: Endorsements[edit]

text:
[show]Roy Moore

U.S. Cabinet officials

Ben Carson, United States Housing and Urban Development Secretary, Director of Department of Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital (1984–2013), presidential candidate in 2016[63]

Former U.S. Senators

Tom Coburn, former U.S. Senator from Oklahoma, 2005–2015[64]

U.S. Representatives

Andy Biggs, member of the United States House of Representatives from Arizona's 5th congressional district[65]
Mo Brooks, member of the United States House of Representatives from Alabama's 5th congressional district and former US Senate candidate[66][67][68][69]
Jody Hice, member of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia's 10th congressional district[70]
Jim Jordan, member of the United States House of Representatives from Ohio's 4th congressional district[71]
Steve King, member of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa's 4th congressional district[citation needed]
Thomas Massie, member of the United States House of Representatives from Kentucky's 4th congressional district[citation needed]
Mark Meadows, member of the United States House of Representatives from North Carolina's 11th congressional district and Chairman of the House Freedom Caucus[70]

Former U.S. Representatives

Paul Broun, former member of the United States House of Representatives from Georgia's 10th congressional district[72]
Joe Walsh, former member of the United States House of Representatives from Illinois's 8th congressional district[73]

Governors

Fob James, 48th Governor of Alabama[74]

Statewide officials

Ken Cuccinelli, 46th Attorney General of Virginia, former Virginia State Senator, and Republican nominee for Governor of Virginia in 2013[75]
Jim Zeigler, current State Auditor of Alabama[76]

State Senators

Bill Armistead, former State Senator and former Chair of the Alabama Republican Party[77]
Trip Pittman of Montrose, former US Senate candidate[78]
Larry Stutts of Sheffield[79]
Tom Whatley of Auburn[79]

State Representatives

Mike Ball of Madison[79]
K. L. Brown of Jacksonville[79]
Lynn Greer of Rogersville[79]
Tommy Hanes of Scottsboro[79]
Ed Henry of Hartselle, chairman of Donald Trump's Alabama campaign.[80]
Mike Holmes of Wetumpka[79]
Becky Nordgren of Gadsden[79]
Ritchie Whorton of Scottsboro[79]
Rich Wingo of Tuscaloosa[79]
Randy Wood of Anniston[79]

Other individuals

Steve Bannon, former White House Chief Strategist, executive chairman of Breitbart News[81]
Brent Bozell, conservative writer and founder of the Media Research Center[82]
Ann Coulter, conservative commentator[83]
Steve Deace, Conservative writer for The Washington Times[84]
Erick Erickson, conservative blogger and former member of the Macon City Council[85][86]
Nigel Farage, chair of Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy, Member of the European Parliament for South East England, and former chair and leader of the UK Independence Party[87]
Paul Gottfried, paleoconservative philosopher, historian and columnist[75]
Franklin Graham, Christian evangelist and missionary[88]
Laura Ingraham, conservative talk radio host[83]

Tim James, businessman, candidate for Governor of Alabama in 2002 and 2010.[89]
Alan Keyes, former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs under Ronald Reagan, and Republican candidate for President of the United States in 1996, 2000, and 2008[90][91]
Mark Levin, conservative talk radio host[92]
Chuck Norris, American martial artist, actor, film producer and screenwriter[93]
Phil Robertson, American businessman and reality television star[94]
Roger Stone, political consultant, lobbyist, and strategist[95]
Richard Viguerie, American conservative figure, political writer[96]
Chuck Woolery, game show host, talk show host, and musician[97]
Siran Stacy, football player[98]

Organizations

Coalition of African American Pastors[99]
Courageous Conservatives PAC[100]
Gun Owners of America[101]
National Association for Gun Rights[102]
Senate Conservatives Fund[70]

text:
[show]Luther Strange

U.S. President

Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States[103]

U.S. Vice President

Mike Pence, 48th Vice President of the United States[104]

U.S. Senators

Mitch McConnell, US Senate Majority Leader (R-KY)[105]
Richard Shelby, United States Senator (R-AL)[106]

Former State Representatives

Perry O. Hooper Jr., former State Representative[55]

Organizations

National Rifle Association[107]
National Right to Life[108]

text:
[show]Mo Brooks

U.S. Representatives

Mark Meadows, U.S. Representative (R-NC) and Chairman of the House Freedom Caucus[109]
Lamar S. Smith, U.S. Representative (R-TX)[110]
Mike Rogers, U.S. Representative (R-AL)[111]

State representatives

Ed Henry, State Representative, chairman of Donald Trump's Alabama campaign.[112]

Other individuals

Mark Levin, conservative talk radio host[113]
Sean Hannity, conservative talk radio host and host of Hannity[114]
Laura Ingraham, conservative talk radio host[115]
Ann Coulter, conservative commentator[116]

Organizations

Courageous Conservatives PAC[117]
Senate Conservatives Fund[118]
FreedomWorks[119]
Gun Owners of America[120]
Students for Trump[121]

text: First round[edit]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
James
Beretta
Joseph
Breault
Randy
Brinson
Mo
Brooks
Mary
Maxwell
Roy
Moore
Bryan
Peeples
Trip
Pittman
Luther
Strange
Undecided

Trafalgar Group (R)[122]
August 13–14, 2017
870
± 3.3%
1%
1%
6%
17%
1%
38%
1%
6%
24%
5%

Emerson College[123]
August 10–12, 2017
373
± 5.0%
1%
0%
0%
15%
0%
29%
0%
10%
32%
11%

Trafalgar Group (R)[124]
August 8–10, 2017
1,439
± 2.6%
1%
1%
4%
20%
2%
35%
1%
6%
23%
8%

Cygnal[125]
August 8–9, 2017
502
± 4.4%
–
–
2%
18%
–
31%
–
7%
23%
13%

Strategy Research[126]
August 7, 2017
2,000
± 2.0%
1%
1%
1%
19%
4%
35%
1%
9%
29%
0%

JMC Analytics (R)[127]
August 5–6, 2017
500
± 4.4%
–
–
2%
19%
–
30%
–
6%
22%
17%

RRH Elections (R)[128]
July 31 – August 3, 2017
426
± 5.0%
–
–
2%
18%
–
31%
–
8%
29%
11%

Strategy Research[129]
July 24, 2017
3,000
± 2.0%
1%
1%
2%
16%
5%
33%
2%
5%
35%
–

Cygnal[130]
July 20–21, 2017
500
± 2.0%
–
–
–
16%
–
26%
–
–
33%
–

text: Results[edit]

text:
Republican primary results[5]

Party
Candidate
Votes
%

Republican
Roy Moore
164,524
38.9%

Republican
Luther Strange (incumbent)
138,971
32.8%

Republican
Mo Brooks
83,287
19.7%

Republican
Trip Pittman
29,124
6.9%

Republican
Randy Brinson
2,978
0.6%

Republican
Bryan Peeples
1,579
0.4%

Republican
Mary Maxwell
1,543
0.4%

Republican
James Beretta
1,078
0.3%

Republican
Dom Gentile
303
0.1%

Republican
Joseph Breault
252
0.1%

Total votes
423,282
100.0%

text: Runoff[edit]

text: President Donald Trump supported Moore's opponent Strange during the primary runoff, and almost the whole national Republican establishment wanted Strange to win.[7] Trump's efforts on behalf of Strange included a rally in Alabama, plus tweeting.[9]

text: Debates[edit]

text: Complete video of debate, September 21, 2017

text: Averages[edit]

text:
Model
Moore
Strange
Spread

RealClearPolitics[131]
52.5%
41.5%
Moore +11.0

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Roy
Moore
Luther
Strange
Undecided

Cygnal[132]
September 23–24, 2017
996
± 3.1%
52%
41%
7%

Trafalgar Group (R)[133]
September 23–24, 2017
1,073
± 3.0%
57%
41%
2%

Optimus (R)[134]
September 22–23, 2017
1,045
± 2.9%
55%
45%
–

Emerson College[135]
September 21–23, 2017
367
± 5.1%
50%
40%
10%

Gravis Marketing[136]
September 21–22, 2017
559
± 4.1%
48%
40%
12%

Strategy Research[137]
September 20, 2017
2,000
± 3.0%
54%
46%
–

Strategy Research[138]
September 18, 2017
2,930
± 3.0%
53%
47%
–

JMC Analytics (R)[139]
September 16–17, 2017
500
± 4.4%
47%
39%
14%

Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF)[140]
September 9–10, 2017
604
± 4.0%
41%
40%
19%

Emerson College[141]
September 8–9, 2017
355
± 5.2%
40%
26%
34%

Strategic National[142]
September 6–7, 2017
800
± 3.5%
51%
35%
14%

Southeast Research[143]
August 29–31, 2017
401
± 5.0%
52%
36%
12%

Harper Polling[144]
August 24–26, 2017
600
± 4.0%
47%
45%
8%

Voter Consumer Research (R-SLF)[145]
August 21–23, 2017
601
± 4.0%
45%
41%
14%

Opinion Savvy[146]
August 22, 2017
494
± 4.4%
50%
32%
18%

JMC Analytics (R)[147]
August 17–19, 2017
515
± 4.3%
51%
32%
17%

Cygnal[125]
August 8–9, 2017
502
± 4.4%
45%
34%
11%

RRH Elections (R)[128]
July 31 – August 3, 2017
426
± 5.0%
34%
32%
34%

text:
[show]Hypothetical polling

Poll source
Date(s)
administered

Sample
size
Margin
of error
Roy
Moore
Mo
Brooks
Undecided

RRH Elections (R)[128]
July 31 – August 3, 2017
426
± 5.0%
43%
20%
37%

text: Results[edit]

text:
Republican primary runoff results[148]

Party
Candidate
Votes
%

Republican
Roy Moore
262,204
54.6%

Republican
Luther Strange (incumbent)
218,066
45.4%

Total votes
480,270
100.0%

text:
Results of first round and runoff

Moore
  30–40%
  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%

Strange
  30–40%
  40–50%
  50–60%

Brooks
  40–50%
  50–60%

Moore
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%

Strange
  50–60%

text: Democratic primary[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Nominated[edit]

text: Doug Jones, former United States Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama[149]

text: Eliminated in primary[edit]

text:
Will Boyd, pastor, former Greenville, Illinois City Councilman, nominee for AL-05 in 2016 and write-in candidate for the U.S. Senate from Illinois in 2010[150]
Vann Caldwell, Talladega County Constable and perennial candidate[36]
Jason Fisher, businessman[151]
Michael Hansen, activist and nonprofit executive[152]
Robert F. Kennedy Jr., digital marketing executive for a laboratory supply company (no relation to the Massachusetts Kennedy family)[153][154][155]
Charles Nana, candidate for the U.S. Senate in 2016[36]

text: Withdrew[edit]

text:
Ron Crumpton, activist, nominee for the State Senate in 2014 and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 2016[156][62]
Brian McGee, retired teacher and Vietnam War veteran[36][157][158]

text: Declined[edit]

text:
Roger Bedford, former State Senator and nominee for the U.S. Senate in 1996[159]
Elaine Beech, State Representative[160]
Sue Bell Cobb, former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama[161]
Chris England, State Representative[56][160]
Craig Ford, State Representative[160][162]
Gary Johnson, minister and political activist[163]
Walt Maddox, Mayor of Tuscaloosa[161][164]
Terri Sewell, U.S. Representative[161]

text: Endorsements[edit]

text:
[show]Doug Jones

U.S. Vice President

Joe Biden, 47th Vice President of the United States[165]

U.S. Senator

Maggie Hassan, U.S Senator (D-NH)[166]

U.S. Representatives

John Lewis, U.S. Representative (D-GA)[167]
Tim Ryan, U.S. Representative (D-OH)[168]
Terri Sewell, U.S. Representative (D-AL)[169]
Cedric Richmond, U.S. Representative (D-LA), Congressional Black Caucus Chairman[170]
Jim Clyburn, U.S. Representative (D-SC), Assistant Minority Leader[170]

State figures

Patricia Todd, State Representative[171]
Christopher J. England, State Representative
Omar Neal, Former Tuskegee, Alabama Mayor[170]

Newspapers

The Washington Post[172]
AL.com[173]

Other individuals

Neera Tanden, president of the Center for American Progress[174]
Joe Trippi, Democratic campaign worker and consultant[175]
George Will, Author and journalist[176]

Organizations

Alabama Democratic Conference[177]
Communications Workers of America[178]
MoveOn.org[179]

text:
[show]Robert Kennedy Jr.

Individual

Carl Lewis, Olympic Gold Medalist, University of Houston Track and Field Head Coach[180]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Will
Boyd
Vann
Caldwell
Jason
Fisher
Michael
Hansen
Doug
Jones
Robert
Kennedy Jr.
Charles
Nana
Undecided

Emerson College[123]
August 10–12, 2017
164
± 7.6%
8%
2%
1%
0%
40%
23%
1%
25%

Strategy Research[181]
August 7, 2017
2,000
± 2.0%
9%
5%
3%
7%
30%
40%
5%
–

Strategy Research[182]
July 24, 2017
3,000
± 2.0%
6%
4%
4%
4%
28%
49%
5%
–

text: Results[edit]

text:
Democratic primary results[5]

Party
Candidate
Votes
%

Democratic
Doug Jones
109,105
66.1%

Democratic
Robert Kennedy Jr.
29,215
17.7%

Democratic
Michael Hansen
11,105
6.7%

Democratic
Will Boyd
8,010
4.9%

Democratic
Jason Fisher
3,478
2.1%

Democratic
Brian McGee
1,450
0.9%

Democratic
Charles Nana
1,404
0.9%

Democratic
Vann Caldwell
1,239
0.8%

Total votes
165,006
100.0%

text:
Results

Jones
  40–50%
  50–60%
  60–70%
  70–80%
  80–90%
  90–100%

Boyd
  30–40%

text: Independents and write-in candidates[edit]

text: Candidates[edit]

text: Declared[edit]

text:
Ron Bishop (L, write-in),[183]
Lee Busby (R, write-in), retired Marine colonel[184]
Jeff "Cog" Coggin (I, write-in), Air Force veteran[185]
Chanda Mills Crutcher (I, write-in), minister[186]
Eulas Kirtdoll (I, write-in)[187]
Arlester "Mack" McBride (I, write-in)[188]
Mac Watson (R, write-in)[189]

text: Declined[edit]

text: Craig Ford, Democratic State Representative[160][162]

text: General election[edit]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: On November 9, The Washington Post reported that four women had accused Roy Moore of engaging in sexual conduct with them when they were teenagers and he was an assistant district attorney in his thirties. One of the women was 14 years old at the time, below the legal age of consent.[13] A few days later a fifth woman said that she had received unwanted attention from Moore when she was 15 years old, and that in December 1977 or January 1978,[190] when she was 16, Moore sexually assaulted her.[14][191] Moore denied the allegations.

text: After this, certain Republican leaders and conservative organizations withdrew their endorsements of Moore or asked him to drop out of the campaign. These included Texas Senator Ted Cruz, U.S. Attorney General Jeff Sessions, Ivanka Trump,[192] the National Republican Senatorial Committee,[193] former Republican presidential nominees Mitt Romney[194] and John McCain,[195] Republican Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell,[196] Ohio Governor John Kasich,[197] Utah Senator Mike Lee,[198] Montana Senator Steve Daines,[199] and House Representatives Barbara Comstock, Carlos Curbelo, and Adam Kinzinger, as well as the Young Republican Federation of Alabama.[200][201][202][203][204] Other conservative websites and organizations such as National Review urged readers not to vote for Moore.[205][206] Moore continued to receive support from the state party. A week before the election, President Donald Trump strongly endorsed Moore.[207] Following Trump's endorsement, the RNC reinstated their support for him,[208] and Republican leaders said they would "let the people of Alabama decide" whether to elect Moore.[209]

text: At the time of the revelations, it was too close to the election for Moore's name to be removed from the ballot.[210] Republican officials proposed various ways to promote an alternate Republican candidate. One suggestion was to ask Governor Kay Ivey to delay the special election until 2018,[19] but Ivey said she had no plans to change the election date.[211] Some Republicans such as Senator Lisa Murkowski floated the prospect of a write-in campaign to elect Luther Strange, with Utah Senator Orrin Hatch actively endorsing a write-in campaign for Strange.[212] However, Strange said it was "highly unlikely" that he would run a write-in campaign.[213] Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell proposed Attorney General Jeff Sessions, who formerly held the Senate seat, as a write-in candidate.[214] In late November, Retired Marine Col. Lee Busby launched a write-in campaign stating that he thought there is room for a centrist in the race.[22]

text: Debates[edit]

text: Republican nominee Roy Moore refused to debate Democratic nominee Doug Jones.[215][216][217] Moore turned down debate invitations extended by the League of Women Voters,[216] WHNT-TV and AL.com.[217][215] Jones' campaign said that Jones was "willing to debate Roy Moore anytime, anywhere" and accused Moore of "hiding from the voters, from the media and from his record for weeks."[217][215] Moore and his campaign stated that he refused to debate Jones because their policy positions were already clear to voters and thus there was no need for a formal debate.[217][215]

text: Predictions[edit]

text:
Source
Ranking
As of

The Cook Political Report[218]
100 !Tossup
December 7, 2017

Sabato's Crystal Ball[219]
100 !Tossup
December 7, 2017

Rothenberg Political Report[220]
100 !Tossup
December 7, 2017

text: Candidates[edit]

text: On ballot[edit]

text:
Roy Moore (R), former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Alabama
Doug Jones (D), former United States Attorney for the Northern District of Alabama

text: Write-in[edit]

text:
Ron Bishop (L)[221]
Lee Busby (R)[184][222]
Jeff "Cog" Coggin (I)[185]
Chanda Mills Crutcher (I)[186][223]
Eulas Kirtdoll (I)[187]
Arlester "Mack" McBride (I)[188]
Mac Watson (I)[224]

text: Endorsements[edit]

text:
[show]Doug Jones

Former U.S. Executive Branch officials

Joe Biden, 47th Vice President of the United States[165]
Hillary Clinton, former U.S. Secretary of State and 2016 Democratic presidential nominee[225]
Barack Obama, 44th President of the United States[226]

U.S. Senators

Cory Booker, U.S. Senator from New Jersey[227]
Tammy Duckworth, U.S. Senator from Illinois[228]
Dick Durbin, U.S. Senate Minority Whip from Illinois[227]
Joe Donnelly, U.S. Senator from Indiana[229]
Jeff Flake, U.S. Senator from Arizona [Republican] [230]
Al Franken, U.S. Senator from Minnesota[231]
Maggie Hassan, U.S Senator from New Hampshire[166]
Kamala Harris, U.S. Senator from California[232][233]
Martin Heinrich, U.S. Senator from New Mexico[234]
Tim Kaine, U.S. Senator from Virginia, former 2016 vice presidential nominee[227]
Catherine Cortez Masto, U.S. Senator from Nevada[235]

Jeff Merkley, U.S. Senator from Oregon[236]
Chris Murphy, U.S. Senator from Connecticut[237][238]
Patty Murray U.S. Senator from Washington[239]
Brian Schatz, U.S. Senator from Hawaii[240]
Chuck Schumer, Senate Minority Leader from New York[241]
Jeanne Shaheen, U.S. Senator from New Hampshire[227]
Chris Van Hollen, U.S. Senator from Maryland, Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee chairman[227]
Elizabeth Warren, U.S. Senator from Massachusetts[242]
Sheldon Whitehouse, U.S. Senator from Rhode Island[243]

U.S. Representatives

Alma Adams, U.S. Representative from North Carolina[244]
Karen Bass, U.S. Representative California[244]
Joyce Beatty, U.S. Representative from Ohio[244]
Sanford Bishop, U.S. Representative from Georgia[244]
Anthony G. Brown, U.S. Representative from Maryland[244]
G. K. Butterfield, U.S. Representative from North Carolina[244]
James Clyburn, U.S. Representative South Carolina, Assistant Minority Leader[170]
John Conyers, U.S. Representative from Michigan, Dean[244]
Elijah Cummings, U.S. Representative from Maryland[244]
Delegate Eleanor Holmes Norton, from the District of Columbia[244]
Keith Ellison, U.S. Representative from Minnesota, DNC Vice Chair[245]
Marcia Fudge, U.S. Representative from Ohio[244]
Tulsi Gabbard, U.S. Representative from Hawaii[246]

Al Green, U.S. Representative from Texas[244]
David Jolly, former Republican U.S. Representative from Florida[247]
Ro Khanna, U.S. Representative from California[248]
Barbara Lee, U.S. Representative from California[244]
Sheila Jackson Lee, U.S. Representative from Texas[244]
John Lewis, U.S. Representative from Georgia[167]
Delegate Stacey Plaskett, from the U.S. Virgin Islands[244]
Cedric Richmond, U.S. Representative from Louisiana, Congressional Black Caucus Chairman[170]
Lisa Blunt Rochester, U.S. Representative from Delaware[244]
Tim Ryan, U.S. Representative from Ohio[168]
Terri Sewell, U.S. Representative from Alabama[169]
Bennie Thompson, U.S. Representative from Mississippi[244]

Governors

Charlie Baker, 72nd Governor of Massachusetts (Republican)[249]

Former Governors

Deval Patrick, an American politician, civil rights lawyer and businessman who served as the 71st governor of Massachusetts from 2007 to 2015.[250]
Howard Dean, Governor of Vermont 1991–2003, Democratic National Committee (DNC) Chair 2005–2009[251]
Martin O'Malley, Governor of Maryland 2007–2015, Mayor of Baltimore 1999–2007[252]

State figures

Joyce Alene, the U.S. attorney in Birmingham, appointed by Barack Obama.[253]
Billy Beasley, Minority Leader of the Alabama Senate
Sue Bell Cobb, former Alabama Supreme Court Chief Justice, current candidate for Governor of Alabama[254]
Anthony Daniels, Alabama House Minority Leader[255]
Artur Davis, former U.S. Representative (D-AL)[256]
Christopher J. England, State Representative
Jason Fisher, former Democratic Candidate for U.S. Senate[257]
Parker Griffith, former Alabama congressman and an unsuccessful Democratic nominee for governor in 2014[258]
Robert Harrison, Madison County, Alabama District 6 Commissioner[259]
Walt Maddox, Mayor of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, current candidate for Governor of Alabama[260]
Renato Mariotti, former federal prosecutor, candidate for Illinois Attorney General.[253]
Omar Neal, former Tuskegee, Alabama Mayor[170]
Patricia Todd, State Representative[171]
Doug Turner, former Republican candidate for the New Mexico gubernatorial election, 2010[261]
Steve Westly, former State Controller and Chief Financial Officer of California[262]
Randall Woodfin, Mayor of Birmingham[263][241]
Bob Vance, Circuit Judge in Jefferson County, Alabama
Rodger Smitherman, Democratic member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 18th District.

Priscilla Dunn, Democratic member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 19th District.
Linda Coleman, Democratic member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 20th District.
Henry Sanders, Democratic member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 23rd District.
Bobby Singleton, Democratic member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 24th District.
Vivian Davis Figures, Democratic member of the Alabama Senate, representing the 33rd District and nominee for the U.S. Senate in Alabama in 2014
Marcel Black, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 3rd district.
Johnny Mack Morrow, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 18th district.
Laura Hall, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 19th district.
Craig Ford, Former Minority Leader of the Alabama House of Representatives, currently represents the 28th district.
Barbara Boyd, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 32nd district.
Richard Lindsey, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 39th district.
Rod Scott, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 55th district.
Mary Moore, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 56th district.
Elaine Beech, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 65th district.
Thad McClammy, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 76th district.
Alvin Holmes, Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives. representing the 78th district.

Individuals

Uzo Aduba, actress[264]
Seth Abramson, attorney, political commentator and professor at the University of New Hampshire[265]
John Anzalone, Democratic pollster[266]
William Barber II, member of the national board of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)[267]
Charles Barkley, former professional basketball player[268]
Paul Begala, former adviser to Bill Clinton[269]
W. Kamau Bell, stand-up comic and television host.[270]
Adam Best, founder of FanSided[271]
Donna Brazile, former Acting DNC Chairwoman
Maria Cardona, former Senior Advisor to Hillary Clinton[272]
James Carville, former aide to Hillary Clinton and Bill Clinton, Fox News contributor[273]
Don Cheadle, actor, writer, producer, and director[274]
Andrei Cherny, CEO of Aspiration[275]
Chelsea Clinton, only child of Bill Clinton and Hillary Clinton[276]
Mike Cooley, musician[277]
Misha Collins, actor[278]
Laverne Cox, actress and advocate[279]
Leah D. Daughtry, former chief of staff to Howard Dean and CEO of the 2008 and 2016 Democratic National Convention committees[280]
Scott Dworkin, co-founder of The Democrat Coalition[281]
Jesse Ferguson, former Deputy National Press Secretary for Hillary Clinton[282]
Bonnie Fuller, editor of HollywoodLife.com[283]
Constance Hill, CEO of Girls Inc of Central Alabama[284]
Jason Isbell, musician[285]
Tracy James, longtime Republican, former Jeff Sessions staffer[286]
Clara Jeffery, Editor-in-Chief of Mother Jones[287]
Michael Kelly, actor[288]
Jim Kessler, founder of Third Way (think tank) (Republican)[289]
Jimmy Kimmel, television host and comedian[290]
Shaun King, journalist, The Young Turks commentator and civil rights activist[291]
Bill Kristol (Republican), editor-in-chief of The Weekly Standard[292]
Talia Lavin, writer for the New Yorker[293]
William LeGate, entrepreneur, Thiel Fellow, and computer programmer[294]
Sean McElwee, policy analyst for Demos[295]
Debra Messing, actress[296]
Alyssa Milano, American actress, activist, producer and former singer[297]
Tim Miller, (Republican) former communications director for Jeb Bush's 2016 presidential campaign[298]
Holly O'Reilly, March For Truth organizer[299]

Patton Oswalt, stand-up comedian, actor, voice actor and writer[300]
Richard Painter, former chief White House ethics lawyer for George W. Bush[301]
Adam Parkhomenko, adviser to Hillary Clinton, Founding Partner at The Renegade Group[302]
Archie Parnell, Democratic nominee for South Carolina's 5th congressional district of the U.S. House of Representatives in 2017[303]
Piper Perabo, film and television actress[304]
Karine Jean-Pierre, Senior Advisor and National Spokeswoman for MoveOn; served as the Deputy Campaign Manager to both Barack Obama and Martin O’Malley[305]
Joy-Ann Reid, national correspondent at MSNBC[citation needed]
Jennifer Rubin, (Republican) blogger for The Washington Post[306]
Mark Salter, (Republican) former chief of staff to John McCain; has often been referred to as McCain's "alter ego"[307]
Symone Sanders, former national press secretary for Bernie Sanders' 2016 presidential campaign[308]
Steve Schmidt (Republican), former Senior Campaign Strategist and Advisor to the John McCain Presidential Campaign.[309][310][311]
Bakari Sellers, first vice chairman of the South Carolina Democratic Party[312]
Samuel Sinyangwe, policy analyst and racial justice activist[313]
Topher Spiro, Vice President for Health Policy and senior fellow for Economic Policy at American Progress[314]
Michael Skolnik, entrepreneur, film producer, and civil rights activist[315]
George Takei, actor, director, author, and activist[316]
Neera Tanden, president of the Center for American Progress[174]
Channing Tatum, actor[317]
Joe Trippi, Democratic campaign worker and consultant[175]
Tommy Vietor, former spokesperson for the U.S. National Security Council and Barack Obama[318]
Michael Wear, former faith outreach for Barack Obama's 2012 re-election campaign[319]
George F. Will, (Republican) columnist for The Washington Post and MSNBC[320][321]
Oliver Willis, Research Fellow at Media Matters for America[322]
Keegan-Michael Key, actor, comedian, writer, and producer [323]
John Weaver, (Republican) chief strategist for Republican Ohio Governor John Kasich; former advisor to John McCain's presidential campaigns of 2000 and 2008, the Democratic Congressional Campaign.[307]
Mike Murphy, (Republican) political consultant for John McCain, Jeb Bush, John Engler, Tommy Thompson, Spencer Abraham, Christie Whitman, Lamar Alexander, and Arnold Schwarzenegger.[307]
George Wallace, an American comedian and actor.[324]
Rob Reiner, actor, producer, and activist[325]
Carl Reiner, comedian, actor, and writer[326]
Kerry Washington, actress and producer.[327]
Bellamy Young, actress, singer and producer.[328]

Newspapers

The Auburn Plainsman, student-run newspaper for Auburn University in Auburn, Alabama[329]
The Birmingham News, the principal newspaper for Birmingham, Alabama and the largest newspaper in Alabama[330][331]
The Crimson White, student-run publication of the University of Alabama[332]
The Huntsville Times, newspaper serving Huntsville, Alabama and the surrounding areas of north Alabama's Tennessee Valley region[330][331]
Press-Register, newspaper serving the southwest Alabama counties of Mobile and Baldwin, and Alabama's oldest newspaper[330][331]
The Washington Post[333]

Organizations

Alabama Democratic Conference[177]
Communications Workers of America[178]
Daily Kos[334]
Democracy for America[335]
End Citizens United[336]
Everytown for Gun Safety[337]
Human Rights Campaign[227]
League of Conservation Voters[338]
MoveOn.org[179]
NowThis News[339]

text:
[show]Roy Moore

U.S. Executive Branch officials

Donald Trump, 45th President of the United States[340]
Mike Pence, 48th Vice President of the United States[341]
Ben Carson, United States Housing and Urban Development Secretary, Director of Department of Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital (1984–2013), presidential candidate in 2016[63]

U.S. Senators

Tom Coburn, former U.S. Senator from Oklahoma, 2005–2015[64]
John Cornyn, U.S. Senate Majority Whip (R-TX) (Withdrawn)[342]
Ted Cruz, U.S. Senator from Texas (Withdrawn)[343][344]

Steve Daines, U.S. Senator from Montana (Withdrawn)[345]
Mike Lee, U.S. Senator from Utah (Withdrawn)[198]
Mitch McConnell, U.S. Senate Majority Leader (R-KY) (Withdrawn)[346]
Rand Paul, U.S. Senator from Kentucky[347]

U.S. Representatives

Robert Aderholt, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 4th congressional district[348]
Andy Biggs, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Arizona's 5th congressional district[65]
Mo Brooks, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 5th congressional district and former US Senate candidate[66][67][68][69]
Paul Broun, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's 10th congressional district[72]
Bradley Byrne, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 1st congressional district[348]
Jeff Duncan, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina's 3rd congressional district[349]
Newt Gingrich (R-GA), former Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives[350]
Andy Harris, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Maryland's 1st congressional district[351]
Jody Hice, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Georgia's 10th congressional district (Withdrawn)[352]

Steve King, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Iowa's 4th congressional district[citation needed]
Thomas Massie, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Kentucky's 4th congressional district[353]
Mark Meadows, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina's 11th congressional district and Chairman of the House Freedom Caucus[70]
Gary Palmer, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 6th congressional district[348]
Martha Roby, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 2nd congressional district[348]
Mike Rogers, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Alabama's 3rd congressional district[348]
Joe Walsh, former member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Illinois's 8th congressional district[73]

Statewide office holders

Kay Ivey, 54th Governor of Alabama[354]
Fob James, 48th Governor of Alabama[74]
Twinkle Cavanaugh, President of the Alabama Public Service Commission[355]
Ken Cuccinelli, 46th Attorney General of Virginia, former Virginia State Senator, and Republican nominee for Governor of Virginia in 2013[75]
John Merrill, current Alabama Secretary of State[356]
Jim Zeigler, current State Auditor of Alabama[76]

State Senators

Bill Armistead, former State Senator and former Chair of the Alabama Republican Party[77]
Gerald Dial, State Senator[357]
Larry Grooms, State Senator from South Carolina[358]
Bill Hightower of Mobile[359]

Del Marsh, President Pro Tempore of the State Senate[360]
Trip Pittman of Montrose, former US Senate candidate[78]
Larry Stutts of Sheffield[79]
Tom Whatley of Auburn[79]

State Representatives

Will Ainsworth of Guntersville[361]
Mike Ball of Madison[79]
K. L. Brown of Jacksonville[79]
Dickie Drake of Leeds[362]
Matt Fridy of Birmingham[362]
Lynn Greer of Rogersville[79]
Tommy Hanes of Scottsboro[79]
Ed Henry of Hartselle, chairman of Donald Trump's Alabama campaign.[80]
Mike Holmes of Wetumpka[79]
Mac McCutcheon, Speaker of the Alabama House[363]

Arnold Mooney of Birmingham[362]
Barry Moore of Enterprise[362]
Becky Nordgren of Gadsden[79]
Kerry Rich of Guntersville[362]
David Sessions of Grand Bay[362]
Randall Shedd of Cullman[362]
Ritchie Whorton of Scottsboro[79]
Jack Williams of Wilmer[362]
Rich Wingo of Tuscaloosa[79]
Randy Wood of Anniston[79]

Sheriffs

Ron Abernathy of Tuscaloosa County[364]
Blake Dorning of Madison County[364]
Todd Entrekin of Etowah County (Withdrawn)[365]
Bill Franklin of Elmore County[364]
Tony Helms of Geneva County[364]
Jimmy Kilgore of Talladega County[364]

William Maddox of Henry County[364]
Dennis Meeks of Covington County[364]
Ray Norris of Clarke County[364]
Jeff Shaver of Cherokee County[364]
Jody Wade of Bibb County[364]

Political commentators

Brent Bozell, conservative writer and founder of the Media Research Center[82]
Mike Cernovich, American alt-lite writer.[366]
Ann Coulter, conservative commentator[83]
Steve Deace, Conservative writer for The Washington Times[84]
Erick Erickson, conservative blogger and former member of the Macon City Council (Withdrawn)[85][86]

Sean Hannity, conservative commentator[367]
Laura Ingraham, conservative talk radio host[83]
Mark Levin, conservative talk radio host[92]
Jack Posobiec, pro-Trump internet activist, political commentator and conspiracy theorist.
Richard Viguerie, American conservative figure, political writer[96]

Religious leaders

Chuck Baldwin, politician, radio host, host of "Chuck Baldwin Live!", founder and former pastor of the Crossroads Baptist Church in Pensacola, current president of Liberty Fellowship in Kalispell, Montana, 2008 Constitution Party presidential candidate, and 2004 Constitution Party vice presidential candidate[368]
Gary Bauer, president of American Values[369]
Scott Dawson, evangelist[370]

James Dobson, President of Focus on the Family and Christian right activist[371]
Jerry Falwell Jr., President of Liberty University[372]
Franklin Graham, Christian evangelist and missionary[88]
Ralph E. Reed, Jr., evangelist and candidate for Lieutenant Governor of Georgia in 2006[citation needed]

White nationalists

Andrew Anglin, white nationalist, founder and editor of The Daily Stormer[373]
David Duke, former Grand Wizard of the Ku Klux Klan, white nationalist, conspiracy theorist, and former Louisiana State Representative[374]
William Daniel Johnson, white nationalist and leader of the American Freedom Party.[375]
Kevin B. MacDonald, white nationalist, retired professor, conspiracy theorist, and editor of Occidental Observer[376]
Robert Warren Ray, white nationalist, writer for The Daily Stormer[377]
Paul Nehlen, white nationalist, inventor, Republican candidate for the U.S. House of Representatives in Wisconsin's 1st congressional district in 2016 and 2018.[378][379]

Other individuals

Steve Bannon, former White House Chief Strategist, executive chairman of Breitbart News[81]
Nigel Farage, chair of Europe of Freedom and Direct Democracy, Member of the European Parliament for South East England, and former chair and leader of the UK Independence Party[87]
Sebastian Gorka, Breitbart columnist and former deputy assistant to US President Donald Trump.
Paul Gottfried, paleoconservative philosopher, historian, columnist, and former professor at Elizabethtown College[75]
Tim James, businessman, candidate for Governor of Alabama in 2002 and 2010.[89]
Alan Keyes, former Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs under Ronald Reagan, and Republican candidate for President of the United States in 1996, 2000, and 2008[90][91]
Chuck Norris, American martial artist, actor, film producer and screenwriter[93]

Phil Robertson, American businessman and reality television star[94]
Siran Stacy, retired football player[98]
Roger Stone, political consultant, lobbyist, and strategist[95]
Frances Taylor, president of the Alabama Federation of Republican Women[380]
Kelli Ward, former Arizona State Senator and candidate for U.S. Senate in 2018[381]
Chuck Woolery, game show host, talk show host, and musician[97]
Dean Young, former congressional candidate and friend of Roy Moore[382]

Organizations

American Freedom Party[375]
Asian American GOP Coalition[383]
Birmingham Young Republicans (Withdrawn)[384][385]
Coalition of African American Pastors[99]
Courageous Conservatives PAC[100]
Gun Owners of America[101]
National Association for Gun Rights[102]
National Republican Senatorial Committee (Withdrawn)[386]

National Right to Life Committee[387]
National Right to Work PAC[citation needed]
Republican National Committee[388]
Senate Conservatives Fund[70]
The Daily Stormer[373]
Tea Party Patriots[389]
The Right Stuff[390]

text: Polling[edit]

text:
Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Roy
Moore (R)
Doug
Jones (D)
Lee
Busby (R)
Other
Undecided

Change Research[391]
December 9–11, 2017
1,543
± 2.0%
51%
45%
–
–
4%

SurveyMonkey[392]
November 30 – December 11, 2017
2,203
± 4.5%
47%
49%
–
–
4%

Fox News[393]
December 7–10, 2017
1,127
± 3.0%
40%
50%
–
2%
8%

Emerson College[394]
December 7–9, 2017
600
± 3.9%
53%
44%
–
4%
–

Monmouth University[395]
December 6–9, 2017
546
± 4.2%
46%
46%
–
2%
6%

Public Policy Polling (D-Not One Penny)*[396]
December 7–8, 2017
1,092
–
46%
48%
–
–
6%

Gravis Marketing[397]
December 5–8, 2017
1,254
± 2.8%
49%
45%
–
–
6%

Trafalgar Group (R)[398]
December 6–7, 2017
1,419
± 3.1%
51%
46%
–
3%
–

Change Research[399]
December 5–7, 2017
2,443
± 2.0%
51%
44%
–
–
5%

SurveyMonkey[400]
November 30 – December 7, 2017
1,559
± 5.5%
47%
49%
–
–
4%

WBRC-TV/Strategy Research[401]
December 4, 2017
3,200
± 2.0%
50%
43%
–
3%
4%

Gravis Marketing[402]
December 1–3, 2017
1,276
± 2.7%
44%
48%
–
–
8%

Emerson College[403]
November 30 – December 2, 2017
500
± 4.3%
49%
46%
5%
–
–

CBS News/YouGov[404]
November 28 – December 1, 2017
1,067
± 3.8%
49%
43%
–
4%
4%

Washington Post/Schar School[405]
November 27–30, 2017
739
± 4.5%
47%
50%
–
3%
–

JMC Analytics (R)[406]
November 27–28, 2017
650
± 3.8%
49%
44%
–
5%
2%

The Polling Company/National Research Inc (R)[407]
November 26–28, 2017
600
± 4.0%
46%
45%
–
–
9%

Change Research[408]
November 26–27, 2017
1,868
± 2.3%
49%
44%
–
–
7%

Emerson College[409]
November 25–27, 2017
500
± 4.3%
53%
47%
–
–
–

WBRC-TV/Strategy Research[410]
November 20, 2017
3,000
± 2.0%
47%
45%
–
3%
5%

WT&S Consulting (R)[411]
November 18–20, 2017
11,641
± 1.2%
46%
40%
–
–
13%

Change Research[412]
November 15–16, 2017
2,090
–
43%
46%
–
–
11%

The Polling Company/National Research Inc (R)[407]
November 13–16, 2017
600
± 4.0%
41%
49%
–
–
10%

Gravis Marketing[413]
November 14–15, 2017
628
± 3.5%
42%
47%
–
–
11%

Fox News[414]
November 13–15, 2017
649
± 3.5%
42%
50%
–
2%
7%

FOX10 News/Strategy Research[415]
November 13, 2017
3,000
± 2.0%
49%
43%
–
–
8%

NRSC (R)[416][417]
November 12–13, 2017
500
–
39%
51%
–
–
10%

WT&S Consulting (R)[418]
November 11, 2017
1,536
± 3.3%
50%
40%
–
–
11%

Emerson College[419]
November 9–11, 2017
600
± 3.9%
55%
45%
–
–
–

JMC Analytics (R)[420]
November 9–11, 2017
575
± 4.1%
44%
48%
–
2%[421]
6%

Change Research[422]
November 9–11, 2017
1,855
–
44%
40%
–
3%
13%

Gravis Marketing[423]
November 10, 2017
478
± 4.5%
48%
46%
–
–
6%

WT&S Consulting (R)[418]
November 9, 2017
1,354
± 3.5%
50%
39%
–
–
11%

Opinion Savvy[424]
November 9, 2017
515
± 4.3%
46%
46%
–
4%
4%

NRSC (R)[416]
November 6–7, 2017
–
–
51%
42%
–
–
8%

WBRC-TV/Strategy Research[425]
November 6, 2017
2,200
± 2.0%
51%
40%
–
–
9%

Axis Research (R-SLF)[426]
October 24–26, 2017
503
± 4.5%
56%
39%
–
–
5%

FOX10 News/Strategy Research[427]
October 19, 2017
3,000
± 3.0%
52%
41%
–
–
7%

WBRC-TV/Strategy Research[428]
October 16, 2017
3,000
± 2.5%
51%
40%
–
–
9%

Fox News[429]
October 14–16, 2017
801
± 3.5%
42%
42%
–
3%
11%

NRSC (R)[416]
October 3–5, 2017
–
–
53%
37%
–
–
10%

Cygnal/L2[430]
October 2–5, 2017
497
± 4.4%
49%
41%
–
–
9%

JMC Analytics (R)[431]
September 30 – October 1, 2017
500
± 4.4%
48%
40%
–
1%[421]
11%

Opinion Savvy[432]
September 27–28, 2017
590
± 4.0%
50%
45%
–
–
5%

Emerson College[135]
September 21–23, 2017
519
± 4.3%
52%
30%
–
–
18%

Emerson College[141]
September 8–9, 2017
416
± 4.8%
44%
40%
–
–
16%

text: * Unpublished poll released on December 15

text:
[show]Hypothetical polling

with Roy Moore on ballot and Luther Strange as write-in candidate

Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Roy
Moore (R)
Doug
Jones (D)
Luther
Strange (R)
Other
Undecided

Opinion Savvy[424]
November 9, 2017
515
± 4.3%
41%
44%
12%
1%
2%

with Luther Strange on ballot

Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Luther
Strange (R)
Doug
Jones (D)
Other
Undecided

Fox News[433]
November 13–15, 2017
649 LV
± 3.5%
38%
48%
3%
5%

823 RV
± 3.0%
39%
46%
3%
6%

Emerson College[135]
September 21–23, 2017
519
± 4.3%
49%
36%
–
15%

Emerson College[141]
September 8–9, 2017
416
± 4.8%
43%
40%
–
17%

with generic Republican/Democrat

Poll source
Date(s)
administered
Sample
size
Margin
of error
Generic
Republican
Generic
Democrat
Undecided

Washington Post/Schar School[405]
November 27–30, 2017
739
± 4.5%
50%
44%
6%

JMC Analytics (R)[406]
November 27–28, 2017
650
± 3.8%
49%
46%
3%

JMC Analytics (R)[420]
November 9–11, 2017
575
± 4.1%
45%
47%
8%

JMC Analytics (R)[431]
September 30 – October 1, 2017
500
± 4.4%
49%
45%
6%

text: Results[edit]

text:
External video

 Doug Jones election night remarks, December 12, 2017, C-SPAN

 Roy Moore election night remarks, December 12, 2017, C-SPAN

text: Doug Jones defeated Roy Moore by a margin of 21,924 votes. Voter turnout was 40.54% of Alabama's 3,326,812[434] registered voters.

text: Jones won primarily by running up huge margins in the state's major cities. The state's four largest counties—Jefferson (home to the state's largest city of Birmingham), Mobile (home to Mobile), Montgomery (home to the state capital of Montgomery) and Madison (home to Huntsville)—all gave Jones 56 percent or more of the vote. He carried Jefferson by over 83,800 votes, and Montgomery by almost 30,500 votes; either county would have been more than enough to give him the victory. Jones also dominated the Black Belt. He took over 96 percent of the black vote, and 61 percent of votes from those under 45. While Moore dominated the state's rural areas, he significantly underperformed Trump's totals in those areas, as well as the suburbs.[435]

text: As of December 15, Moore demanded a recount and refused to concede the race, despite being urged by Trump, Bannon, and others to do so. If the final margin of victory is less than 0.5%, then a recount would have been automatically triggered. If not, then either candidate can request a recount at his expense.[436][437] However, Alabama Secretary of State John Merrill estimates that a recount could cost anywhere from $1 million to $1.5 million, an amount that must be paid in full when the request is made. Moore had only $636,046 on hand by the time the campaign ended.[438] A number of right-leaning websites have pushed conspiracy theories about voter fraud providing the margin for Jones.[439] Merrill noted on December 20 that the only remaining ballots to count are 366 military ballots and 4,967 provisional ballots left to be counted; even if all those votes were for Moore, the margin would not be sufficient to trigger an automatic recount.[440]

text: Because the number of write-in votes was larger than Jones' margin of victory, the names written in were both counted and listed.[441] Luther Strange, who lost the Republican primary to Moore, received the most write-in votes, followed by former White House aide Lee Busby, U.S. Rep. Mo Brooks, who also ran in the Republican Senate primary, Libertarian write-in candidate Ron Bishop, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, and Alabama football coach Nick Saban.

text: After the election, Moore filed a lawsuit attempting to block the state from certifying the election and calling for an investigation into voter fraud. On December 28, 2017, a judge dismissed this lawsuit and state officials certified the election results, officially declaring Doug Jones the winner.[442] Jones was sworn into office on January 3, 2018, by Vice President Mike Pence.[26] Jones became the first Democrat to win a statewide race in Alabama since former Lieutenant Governor Lucy Baxley was elected President of the Alabama Public Service Commission in 2008 over Republican Twinkle Andress Cavanaugh.[25] Prior to that, Democrat Jim Folsom Jr. was elected Lieutenant Governor of Alabama in 2006 over Republican Luther Strange.[443] The last Democrat to win a federal statewide election in Alabama was Richard Shelby in 1992, who switched to the Republican Party in late 1994.

text:
General election results[444][445]

Party
Candidate
Votes
%

Democratic
Doug Jones
673,896
49.97%

Republican
Roy Moore
651,972
48.34%

Write-in
Write-ins
22,852
1.69%

Total votes
1,348,720
100.0%

Democratic gain from Republican

text: Results by county[edit]

text:
Doug Jones
Roy Moore
Write-ins
Total votes

County
Votes
%
Votes
%
Votes
%
Turnout
%

Autauga
5,615
38.38%
8,762
59.90%
253
1.73%
14,630
38.32%

Baldwin
22,261
35.60%
38,566
61.68%
1,703
2.72%
62,530
42.74%

Barbour
3,716
57.53%
2,702
41.83%
41
0.63%
6,459
38.35%

Bibb
1,567
29.95%
3,599
68.79%
66
1.26%
5,232
38.32%

Blount
2,408
16.94%
11,631
81.80%
180
1.27%
14,219
37.45%

Bullock
2,715
80.37%
656
19.42%
7
0.21%
3,378
45.53%

Butler
2,915
51.02%
2,758
48.27%
41
0.72%
5,714
42.36%

Calhoun
12,331
44.04%
15,238
54.43%
429
1.53%
27,998
36.18%

Chambers
4,257
55.75%
3,312
43.37%
67
0.88%
7,636
32.42%

Cherokee
1,529
27.09%
4,006
70.98%
109
1.93%
5,644
33.00%

Chilton
2,306
23.06%
7,563
75.62%
132
1.32%
10,001
35.42%

Choctaw
2,277
53.66%
1,949
45.93%
17
0.40%
4,243
40.10%

Clarke
4,363
51.93%
3,995
47.55%
43
0.51%
8,401
43.96%

Clay
990
27.52%
2,589
71.96%
19
0.53%
3,598
36.92%

Cleburne
600
19.37%
2,468
79.66%
30
0.97%
3,098
29.47%

Coffee
3,730
31.10%
8,063
67.22%
202
1.68%
11,995
36.52%

Colbert
6,881
46.41%
7,771
52.41%
171
1.15%
14,828
37.75%

Conecuh
2,259
55.21%
1,815
44.35%
18
0.44%
4,092
39.84%

Coosa
1,415
42.71%
1,867
56.39%
30
0.91%
3,312
41.42%

Covington
2,107
23.33%
6,835
75.69%
88
0.97%
9,030
35.09%

Crenshaw
1,320
35.46%
2,347
63.04%
56
1.50%
3,725
37.66%

Cullman
4,161
19.73%
16,609
78.74%
324
1.54%
21,094
37.61%

Dale
3,844
35.04%
6,991
63.72%
136
1.24%
10,971
34.87%

Dallas
10,503
74.75%
3,487
24.82%
60
0.43%
14,050
44.88%

DeKalb
3,559
25.62%
10,097
72.69%
234
1.68%
13,890
34.31%

Elmore
7,711
34.33%
14,415
64.16%
338
1.50%
22,464
41.34%

Escambia
3,642
41.78%
4,987
57.22%
87
1.00%
8,716
35.39%

Etowah
10,568
40.34%
15,730
60.04%
620
2.37%
26,918
38.57%

Fayette
1,143
24.39%
3,491
74.55%
50
1.07%
4,684
38.40%

Franklin
1,771
29.34%
4,216
69.86%
48
0.80%
6,035
33.50%

Geneva
1,290
18.92%
5,433
79.72%
93
1.37%
6,816
37.84%

Greene
3,345
87.64%
462
12.12%
9
0.24%
3,816
53.89%

Hale
3,902
69.33%
1,691
30.11%
32
0.57%
5,625
46.26%

Henry
1,899
38.32%
3,015
60.91%
38
0.77%
4,952
39.20%

Houston
9,198
37.81%
14,846
61.02%
285
1.17%
24,329
34.18%

Jackson
3,330
30.82%
7,317
67.75%
154
1.43%
10,801
29.44%

Jefferson
149,759
68.13%
66,350
30.18%
3,716
1.69%
219,825
47.38%

Lamar
779
21.31%
2,847
77.89%
29
0.79%
3,655
34.46%

Lauderdale
9,970
43.02%
12,818
55.31%
388
1.67%
23,176
37.53%

Lawrence
3,033
36.04%
5,321
63.23%
61
0.72%
8,415
35.49%

Lee
19,886
57.61%
14,059
40.73%
674
1.95%
34,519
32.90%

Limestone
9,606
39.19%
14,298
58.33%
515
2.10%
24,514
41.18%

Lowndes
3,783
79.08%
988
20.65%
13
0.27%
4,784
47.14%

Macon
5,783
88.14%
759
11.56%
20
0.30%
6,567
37.70%

Madison
65,997
56.98%
46,381
40.04%
3,447
2.98%
115,825
45.68%

Marengo
4,498
61.11%
2,805
38.11%
62
0.84%
7,361
46.01%

Marion
1,311
19.72%
5,269
79.25%
68
1.02%
6,647
32.82%

Marshall
5,145
26.47%
13,842
71.21%
450
2.32%
19,437
34.22%

Mobile
62,716
56.46%
46,828
42.15%
1,546
1.39%
111,090
38.55%

Monroe
3,266
49.59%
3,280
49.80%
40
0.61%
6,586
40.79%

Montgomery
48,374
72.35%
17,739
26.53%
745
1.11%
66,858
44.05%

Morgan
10,935
35.48%
19,215
62.34%
671
2.18%
30,821
40.28%

Perry
3,140
79.04%
821
20.68%
11
0.28%
3,972
48.70%

Pickens
3,064
50.44%
2,965
48.81%
46
0.76%
6,075
44.18%

Pike
4,015
48.51%
4,165
50.32%
97
1.17%
8,277
37.58%

Randolph
1,695
34.25%
3,231
65.29%
23
0.46%
4,949
29.66%

Russell
6,761
64.77%
3,622
34.70%
55
0.53%
10,438
28.52%

Shelby
27,311
41.71%
36,455
55.67%
1,718
2.62%
65,484
45.63%

St. Clair
6,212
27.43%
15,889
70.15%
459
2.03%
22,560
38.05%

Sumter
3,527
80.91%
814
18.67%
18
0.41%
4,359
43.95%

Talladega
9,977
50.13%
9,701
48.75%
223
1.12%
19,901
37.45%

Tallapoosa
4,605
38.59%
7,179
60.16%
150
1.26%
11,934
40.19%

Tuscaloosa
30,869
57.23%
22,067
40.91%
1,007
1.87%
53,943
40.83%

Walker
4,330
26.20%
11,938
72.23%
259
1.57%
16,527
35.19%

Washington
1,805
34.86%
3,325
64.21%
48
0.93%
5,178
39.78%

Wilcox
3,345
76.74%
1,000
22.94%
16
0.37%
4,359
46.94%

Winston
911
16.10%
4,681
82.71%
67
1.18%
5,659
35.80%

Totals
673,896
49.97%
651,972
48.34%
22,852
1.69%
1,348,720
100.00%


document_title: List of earthquakes in the British Isles

question_text: when did the last earthquake happen in england

text: Earthquakes[edit]

text: Pre-18th century[edit]

text:
Date
Epicentre

M

L

{\displaystyle M_{L}}

Notes

00 Jan 974
England

[2][3]

1 May 1048
English Midlands, England

Felt in Worcester, Warwick and Derby.[3]

4 July 1060
England

[3]

22 April 1076
England

Also felt in France and Denmark.[3]

11 August 1089
England

[3]

28 August 1119
Western England

[3]

25 July 1122
Somerset and Gloucestershire, England

[3]

5 December 1129
England

[3]

4 August 1133
England

[3]

1 May 1158
England

[3]

26 January 1165
East Anglia, England

[3]

25 April 1180
Nottinghamshire, England

[4]

15 April 1185
Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England

Lincoln Cathedral badly damaged.[3]

00 Jan 1199
Scotland

[3]

23 April 1228
England

[3]

1 June 1246
Canterbury, Kent, England

[5]

13 February 1247
London, England

[6]

20 February 1247
Wales
5.5~5.5
Damage to St David's Cathedral in Pembrokeshire.[3]

21 December 1248
South West England

Wells Cathedral reported to have been badly damaged.[3]

11 September 1275
Southern England

In Glastonbury, the Abbey was damaged and the Church of St. Michael on Glastonbury Tor destroyed,[3] as was the priory church on St Michael's Mount in Cornwall.[7]

4 January 1299
South East England

Felt in Kent and Middlesex; may have caused the collapse of St Andrew's Church in Hitchin.[3]

21 May 1318
England

[3]

28 March 1343
Eastern England

Felt in Lincolnshire.[3]

27 March 1349
Eastern England

Felt in Beverley, Yorkshire.[3]

21 May 1382
Canterbury, Kent, England
5.8~5.8
The bell tower of the cathedral was "severely damaged" and the six bells "shook down". Cloister walls to the Canterbury dormitory were ruined. In Kent, All Saints Church, West Stourmouth, was badly damaged. Felt in London and lent its name to the "Earthquake Synod."[3]

24 May 1382
Canterbury, Kent, England
5.0~5.0
Aftershock of 21 May earthquake.[3]

28 December 1480
Norfolk, England

[3]

19 September 1508
North Sea

Felt in England and Scotland. Recent studies suggest that this earthquake may have been as large as magnitude 7.0, with the epicentre in fact in the area northwest of Scotland.[8]

00 Jul 1534
North Wales, Wales
4.5~4.5
Felt in Dublin, Ireland.[3]

25 May 1551
Croydon, Greater London, England

[9]

26 February 1575
West Midlands, England
5.0~5.0
Felt as far apart as York and Bristol.[3]

6 April 1580
Strait of Dover, England
5.8~5.8
First recorded fatality. See Dover Straits earthquake of 1580.[3]

1 May 1580
Strait of Dover, England
4.4~4.4
Principal aftershock of the Dover Straits earthquake of 1580 felt as far as Gravesend.[3]

23 July 1597
Scotland
4.6~4.6
Felt all over the Highlands.[3]

24 December 1601
North Sea

Felt in London and the east of England.[3]

00 Feb 1602
North Sea

[3]

8 November 1608
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
4.6~4.6
[3]

2 March 1622
Scotland

[3]

11 April 1650
Cumberland, Cumbria, England
4.9~4.9
[3]

00 Jun 1668
Scottish Borders, Scotland

No contemporary account of this shadowy event has come to light, but some later events are compared to it.[3]

6 October 1683
Derby, Derbyshire, England
4.7~4.7
First British earthquake surveyed by the British Geological Survey.[3]

27 August 1690
Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales
4.7~4.7
Also felt in Nantwich, Cheshire and Bideford, Devon.[3]

7 October 1690
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales
5.2~5.2
Felt from Dublin to London.[3]

8 September 1692
Duchy of Brabant, Belgium
5.8~5.8
Felt in most parts of England, France, Germany and the Netherlands.[10]

text: 18th century[edit]

text:
Date
Epicentre

M

L

{\displaystyle M_{L}}

Notes

28 December 1703
Kingston upon Hull, East Riding of Yorkshire, England
4.2~4.2
[3]

25 October 1726
Dorchester, Dorset, England
3.3~3.3
[3][11]

19 July 1727
Swansea, Wales
5.2~5.2
[3]

1 March 1728
Galashiels, Scottish Borders, Scotland
4.2~4.2
No damage caused.[3]

25 October 1734
Portsmouth, Hampshire, England
4.5~4.5
Also felt in France.[3]

30 April 1736
Ochil Hills, Scotland
2.7~2.7
Aftershocks also felt on 1 May.[3]

1 July 1747
Taunton, Somerset, England
3.5~3.5
[3]

17 May 1749
Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England
3.4~3.4
[3]

8 February 1750
London, England
2.6~2.6
[3][12]

8 March 1750
London, England
3.1~3.1
The last earthquake to have an epicentre in London.[3]

18 March 1750
Portsmouth, Hampshire, England
4.3~4.3
[3]

2 April 1750
Chester, Cheshire, England
4.0~4.0
[3]

4 May 1750
Wimborne Minster, Dorset, England

[13]

23 August 1750
North Sea
4.7~4.7

30 September 1750
Leicester, Leicestershire, England
4.1~4.1
[3]

8 April 1753
Skipton, North Yorkshire, England
4.0~4.0
[3]

19 April 1754
Whitby, North Yorkshire, England
4.4~4.4
[3]

1 August 1755
Lincoln, Lincolnshire, England
4.2~4.2
[3]

10 January 1757
Norwich, Norfolk, England
3.3~3.3
[3]

17 May 1757
Todmorden, West Yorkshire, England
3.2~3.2
[3]

15 July 1757
Penzance, Cornwall, England
4.4~4.4
[3]

12 August 1757
Holyhead, Isle of Anglesey, Wales
3.5~3.5
[3]

9 June 1761
Shaftesbury, Dorset, England
3.4~3.4
[3][14]

6 November 1764
Oxford, Oxfordshire, England
3.4~3.4
[3]

15 May 1768
Wensleydale, North Yorkshire, England
4.4~4.4
[3]

24 October 1768
Inverness, Highland, Scotland
3.4~3.4
[3]

21 December 1768
Tewkesbury, Gloucestershire, England
4.1~4.1
[3]

2 April 1769
South Molton, Devon, England
3.2~3.2
[3]

14 November 1769
Inverness, Highland, Scotland

Several fatalities.[15]

22 April 1773
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales,
3.7~3.7
[3]

23 April 1773
Channel Islands
4.4~4.4
Felt in Dorset and Northern France.[3]

8 September 1775
Swansea, Wales
5.1~5.1
[3]

28 November 1776
Dover Straits, England
4.1~4.1
[3]

14 September 1777
Manchester, Greater Manchester, England
4.4~4.4
Felt widely in Manchester, Macclesfield, Preston, Wigan, Stockport and the surrounding area.[3][16]

29 August 1780
Llanrwst, Conwy, Wales
3.8~3.8
[3]

9 December 1780
Wensleydale, North Yorkshire, England
4.8~4.8
[3]

5 October 1782
Amlwch, Isle of Anglesey, Wales
3.7~3.7
[3]

10 August 1783
Launceston, Cornwall, England
3.6~3.6
[3]

11 August 1786
Whitehaven, Cumbria, England
5.0~5.0
[3]

4 May 1789
Barnstaple, Devon, England
2.9~2.9
[3]

2 March 1792
Stamford, Lincolnshire, England
4.1~4.1
[3]

2 January and 12 March 1795
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland

[3]

18 November 1795
Derbyshire, England
4.7~4.7
[17]

4 August 1797
Argyll, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
3.8~3.8
[3]

text: 19th century[edit]

text:
Date
Epicentre

M

L

{\displaystyle M_{L}}

Notes

12 March 1800
Conwy, Wales
3.3~3.3
[3]

1 June 1801
Chester, Cheshire, England
3.6~3.6
[3]

7 September 1801
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
4.6~4.6
Climax of an earthquake swarm in Comrie lasting between 1788 and 1801.[3]

21 October 1802
Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales
3.3~3.3
[3]

12 January 1805
Ruthin, Denbighshire, Wales
3.0~3.0
[3]

21 April 1805
Stafford, Staffordshire, England
3.2~3.2
[3]

18 January 1809
Strathearn, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
3.2~3.2
[3]

31 January and
1 February 1809
Strontian, Highland, Scotland

[3]

30 November 1811
Chichester, West Sussex, England
3.4~3.4
[3]

1 May 1812
Neath, Neath Port Talbot, Wales
3.0~3.0
[3]

17 March 1816
Mansfield, Nottinghamshire, England
4.2~4.2
[3]

13 August 1816
Inverness, Highland, Scotland
5.1~5.1
[3]

23 April 1817
West Scotland
4.5~4.5
[3]

25 December 1820
Kintail, Highland, Scotland
3.4~3.4
[3]

22 October 1821
Rothesay, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
3.2~3.2
[3]

23 October 1821
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
3.0~3.0
[3]

18 January 1822
Holme-on-Spalding-Moor, East Riding of Yorkshire, England

[18]

13 April 1822
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
2.9~2.9
[3]

6 December 1824
Portsmouth, Hampshire, England
2.9~2.9
[3]

9 February 1827
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales
2.8~2.8
[3]

2 March 1831
Deal, Kent, England
3.1~3.1
[3]

28 July 1832
Chester, Cheshire, England
3.0~3.0
[3]

30 December 1832
Swansea, Wales
4.3~4.3
[3]

18 September 1833 to
27 August 1834
Chichester, West Sussex, England

One fatality.[3] Mr William Marshall was killed by falling rock at Cocking quarry.[19]

20 August 1835
Lancaster, Lancashire, England
4.4~4.4
[3]

20 October 1837
Tavistock, Devon, England
3.2~3.2
[3]

20 March 1839
Invergarry, Highland, Scotland
3.2~3.2
[3]

11 June 1839
Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England
2.9~2.9
[3]

1 September 1839
Monmouth, Monmouthshire, Wales
3.5~3.5
[3]

23 October 1839
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
4.8~4.8
This was the largest of all known Comrie earthquakes, and was felt over most of Scotland. It caused a dam near Stirling to breach.[3]

18–19 January,
7 April and
26 October 1840
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland

A monument to the first of these earthquakes was found in 1993 and now belongs to the Perth Museum.[3][20]

12 March 1841
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
3.1~3.1
[3]

30 July 1841
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
3.9~3.9
[3]

20 December 1841
Kintail, Highland, Scotland
3.0~3.0
[3]

15 August 1842
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales
3.0~3.0
[3]

25 February 1843
Argyll, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
3.4~3.4
[3]

10 March 1843
Todmorden, West Yorkshire, England
3.1~3.1
[3]

17 March 1843
Irish Sea
5.0~5.0
[3]

22 December 1843
Channel Islands
4.4~4.4
Felt in Devon.[3]

18 January 1844
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
3.9~3.9
[3]

24 November 1846
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
3.0~3.0
[3]

16 November 1847
Newport, Wales
3.1~3.1
[3]

3 April 1852
Wells, Somerset, England
3.2~3.2
[3]

1 June 1852
Swansea, Wales
2.9~2.9
[3]

12 August 1852
Callington, Cornwall, England
3.4~3.4
[3]

9 November 1852
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales
5.3~5.3
Felt over a large area stretching from Galway to Glasgow and London.[3]

19 February 1853
Inverness, Highland, Scotland
3.9~3.9
[3]

27 March 1853
Hereford, Herefordshire, England
3.8~3.8
[3]

1 April 1853
Coutances, Manche, France
5.2~5.2
Felt on the south coast of England.[3]

1 April 1858
Liskeard, Cornwall, England
2.9~2.9
[3]

29 September 1858
Okehampton, Devon, England
2.5~2.5
[3]

6 June 1858
Stratherrick, Highland, Scotland
3.7~3.7
[3]

13 August 1859
Ixworth, Suffolk, England
2.8~2.8
[3]

21 October 1859
Padstow, Cornwall, England
4.0~4.0
[3]

15 December 1859
Settle, North Yorkshire, England
3.0~3.0
[3]

13 January 1860
Newquay, Cornwall, England
4.0~4.0
[3]

6 October 1863
Hereford, Herefordshire, England
5.2~5.2
Felt in Kent by Charles Dickens.

21 August 1864
Lewes, East Sussex, England
3.1~3.1
[3]

26 September 1864
Todmorden, West Yorkshire, England
3.5~3.5
[3]

15 February 1865
Barrow in Furness, Cumbria, England
2.2~2.2
[3]

27 February 1867
Grasmere, Cumbria, England
2.7~2.7
An account of this earthquake was written by Harriet Martineau.[3]

8 May 1867
Comrie, Perth and Kinross, Scotland
3.0~3.0
[3]

4 January 1868
Langport, Somerset, England
3.0~3.0
[3]

30 October 1868
Neath, Neath Port Talbot, Wales
4.9~4.9
Felt as far away as Manchester and Blackheath.[3]

9 January 1869
Ixworth, Suffolk, England
3.1~3.1
[3]

9 March 1869
Spean Bridge, Highland, Scotland
3.1~3.1
[3]

15 March 1869
Rochdale, Greater Manchester, England
3.6~3.6
[3]

17 March 1871
Appleby-in-Westmorland, Cumbria, England
4.9~4.9
[3]

15 April 1871
Dunoon, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
3.1~3.1
[3]

8 August 1872
Dunblane, Stirling, Scotland
2.9~2.9
[3]

15 November 1874
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales
3.5~3.5
[3]

11 March and
23 April 1877
Isle of Mull, Argyll and Bute, Scotland

[3]

8 April 1879
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales

[3]

28 November 1880
Argyll, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
5.2~5.2
Largest recorded earthquake in Scotland.[3]

16 January 1883
Abergavenny, Monmouthshire, Wales
3.8~3.8
[3]

25 June 1883
Launceston, Cornwall, England
4.2~4.2
[3]

22 April 1884
Colchester, Essex, England
4.6~4.6
The most damaging earthquake since 1580. At least two fatalities reported. Felt in France and Belgium. See 1884 Colchester earthquake.[3]

18 June 1885
Market Weighton, East Riding of Yorkshire, England

[3]

2 November 1893
Carmarthen, Carmarthenshire, Wales
5.0~5.0
[3]

17 December 1896
Hereford, Herefordshire, England
5.3~5.3
[3][21][22]

text: 20th century[edit]

text:
Date
Epicentre

M

L

{\displaystyle M_{L}}

Notes

18 September 1901
Inverness, Highland, Scotland
5.0~5.0
[3]

19 June 1903
Caernarfon, Gwynedd, Wales
4.9
[3]

27 June 1906
Swansea, Wales
5.2
One of the most damaging British earthquakes of the 20th century.[3][23]

14 January 1916
Stafford, Staffordshire, England
4.6
Felt from Lancaster to Bristol.[3]

30 July 1926
Jersey, Channel Islands

[3]

15 August 1926
Ludlow, Shropshire, England
4.8
[3]

24 January 1927
North Sea
5.7
[3]

7 June 1931
Dogger Bank, North Sea
6.1
Strongest officially recorded. See 1931 Dogger Bank earthquake.[3]

12 December 1940
North Wales
4.7
An elderly woman was killed after she fell down the stairs.[3][24]

30 December 1944
Skipton, North Yorkshire, England
4.8
Felt throughout northern England.[3][25]

11 February 1957
Derby, Derbyshire, England
5.3
Felt across central England. Largest UK post-war earthquake until 1984, and one of the most damaging earthquakes of the twentieth century.[3]

9 February 1958
North Sea
5.1
Felt throughout eastern England.[3]

9 August 1970
Kirkby Stephen, Cumbria, England
4.1
[3]

10 August 1974
Kintail, Highland, Scotland
4.4
[3]

26 December 1979
Longtown, Cumbria, England
4.7
Felt throughout northern England and southern Scotland.[3]

19 July 1984
Llŷn Peninsula, Gwynedd, Wales
5.4
Felt across Ireland and western Great Britain. See 1984 Llŷn Peninsula earthquake.[3]

29 September 1986
Oban, Argyll and Bute, Scotland
4.1
[3]

2 April 1990
Bishop's Castle, Shropshire, England
5.1
Felt throughout most of England and Wales; numerous chimneys collapsed in Shrewsbury. See 1990 Bishop's Castle earthquake.[3]

15 February 1994
Norwich, Norfolk, England
4.0
[3]

4 March 1999
Isle of Arran, North Ayrshire, Scotland
4.0
[3]

23 September 2000
Warwick, Warwickshire, England
4.2
Felt across the Midlands.[3]

text: 21st century[edit]

text:
Date
Epicentre

M

L

{\displaystyle M_{L}}

Notes

31 May 2001
Bristol Channel 25 miles west of Bude
3.6
Felt across Devon and Cornwall.[26]

28 October 2001
Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, England
4.1
Felt across the East Midlands.[3]

13 February 2002
South Wales
3.0 !~3.0
Felt in South Wales Valleys.[27]

22 September 2002
Dudley, West Midlands, England
4.7
Felt between Liverpool and London. See 2002 Dudley earthquake.[3]

21 October 2002
Manchester, Greater Manchester, England
3.2 (08:45)
2.3 (09:04)
3.9 (12:42)
3.5 (12:43)
3.9 magnitude earthquake followed by a 3.5 magnitude event 22 seconds later.[3][28] Largest event in an earthquake swarm that occurred in the centre of Manchester between October 2002 and January 2003. During this swarm, over 110 tremors were recorded, with 30 being strong enough to be felt.[29][30][31] The swarm was unexplained; however, it is believed the Red Rock fault system was a possible trigger.[32]

14 February 2005
Conwy, Wales
3.3
[33]

26 December 2006
Dumfries, Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
3.6
[34]

28 April 2007
Folkestone, Kent, England
4.3
See 2007 Kent earthquake.[35]

27 February 2008
Market Rasen, Lincolnshire, England
5.2
Felt widely in England and Wales. See 2008 Lincolnshire earthquake.[36]

26 October 2008
Bromyard, Herefordshire, England
3.6
[37]

15 January 2009
Shetland, Scotland
3.3
[38]

3 March 2009
Folkestone, Kent, England
3.0
[39]

11 April 2009
Goxhill, Lincolnshire, England
3.0
[40]

28 April 2009
Ulverston, Cumbria, England
3.7
Felt around Barrow, Kendal, Windermere, Fleetwood and in other parts of north Lancashire.[41][42]

1 September 2010
Central North Sea
3.5
[43]

21 December 2010
Coniston, Cumbria, England
3.5
Felt across Cumbria and also in Dumfries & Galloway, Lancashire and on the Isle of Man.[44][45]

3 January 2011
Ripon, North Yorkshire, England
3.6
Felt across Yorkshire and Cumbria.[46]

23 January 2011
Glenuig, Highland, Scotland
3.5
Felt across the western Highlands, including in Inverness, on Skye and in Oban.[47]

1 April 2011
Blackpool, Lancashire, England
2.3
Felt across Blackpool. The tremor was later found to have been caused by fracking carried out by Cuadrilla.[48]

27 May 2011
Blackpool, Lancashire, England
1.5
Felt across Blackpool. The tremor was later found to have been caused by fracking carried out by Caudrilla.[48]

14 July 2011
English Channel, Portsmouth, Hampshire, England
3.9
[49]

29 May 2013
Llŷn Peninsula, Gwynedd, Wales
3.8
Felt across Ireland and Wales.[50][51]

25 August 2013
Irish Sea, Blackpool, Lancashire, England
2.4-3.3
Felt in Blackpool, England.[52][53]

20 February 2014
Bristol Channel, England
4.1
Felt in Somerset, North Devon and South Wales.[54]

17 April 2014
Rutland, England
3.2
Felt between Melton Mowbray and Oakham.[55]

18 April 2014
Rutland, England
3.5
Also felt between Oakham and Melton Mowbray, with the epicentre in Rutland.[56]

20 May 2014
North Sea, England
3.4
The earthquake occurred in the Sheffield area near Hillsborough barracks.[57]

11 July 2014
Jersey, Channel Islands
4.3
Occurred at 11:54 UTC, with the epicentre approximately 15 km west of Jersey. It was felt by 100 people in the Channel Islands, Southern England and parts of France.[58]

23 July 2014
Jersey, Channel Islands
3.3
Occurred at 16:26 UTC. Believed to be an aftershock from the 11 July earthquake.[59]

28 January 2015
Rutland, England
3.8
The epicentre was near the town of Oakham.[60]

22 May 2015
Sandwich, Kent, England
4.2
The tremor originated in Sandwich but could also be felt in other areas, such as Canterbury, Margate and Southend-on-Sea. The earthquake struck at 02:52 BST.[61]

26 May 2015
Gwynedd, Wales
3.0
[62]

4 August 2017
Moidart, Highland, Scotland
3.8 (15:43)
3.4 (15:45)
Felt across the west Highlands. The earthquake struck at 15:45 BST.

17 February 2018
Cwmllynfell, Neath Port Talbot, Wales
4.6[63]
Felt across south Wales and as far as Cornwall, Liverpool, Shrewsbury and Somerset. The earthquake struck at 14:31.[64]

28 February 2018
Mosser, Cumbria, England
3.2
Felt in Grasmere, Kendal, Cockermouth and Keswick.[65]


document_title: List of Wimbledon gentlemen's singles champions

question_text: who won 5 wimbledon titles in a row

question_tokens: who won 5 wimbledon titles in a row

text: History[edit]

text: The Wimbledon Championships are played in the first two weeks of July (as of July 2017, prior to this it was last week in June and 1st week in July) and has been chronologically the third of the four Grand Slam tournaments of the tennis season since 1987.[2] The event was not held from 1915 to 1918 because of World War I and again from 1940 to 1945 because of World War II.[4]

text: The Gentlemen's Singles' rules have undergone several changes since the first edition. From 1878 until 1921, the event started with a knockout phase, the All Comers' Singles, whose winner then faced the defending champion in a challenge round. The All Comers' winner was automatically awarded the title six times (1879, 1887, 1891, 1895, 1907, 1908) in the absence of the previous year's champion. The challenge round system was abolished with the 1922 edition.[5] Since the first championships, all matches have been played at the best-of-five sets. Between 1877 and 1883, the winner of the next game at five games – all took the set in every match except the All Comers' final, and the challenge round, which were won with six games and a two games advantage. All sets were decided in this advantage format from 1884 to 1970.[5] The lingering death best of 12 points tie-break was introduced in 1971 for the first four sets, played at eight games all until 1978 and at six games all since 1979.[5][6][7]

text: Since 1949, the Gentlemen's Singles champion has received a miniature replica of the event's trophy, a silver-gilt cup created in 1887 with the engraved inscription: "The All England Lawn Tennis Club Single Handed Champion of the World".[8] New singles champions are traditionally elected honorary members of the AELTC by the club's committee.[c][9] In 2017, the Gentlemen's Singles winner received prize money of £2,220,000.[10]

text: In the Amateur Era, William Renshaw (1881–1886, 1889) holds the record for the most titles in the Gentlemen's Singles, winning Wimbledon seven times. Renshaw's wins, however, came within the challenge round format, and he won the event only twice after going through a complete draw. Renshaw also holds the record for most consecutive titles with six from (1881 to 1886). The record for most consecutive and most wins post challenge round during the Amateur Era is Fred Perry (1934–1936).[4]

text: In the Open Era, since the inclusion of professional tennis players in 1968, Roger Federer (2003–2007, 2009, 2012, 2017) holds the record for the  most Gentlemen's Singles titles with eight. Björn Borg (1976–1980) and Roger Federer (2003–2007) share the record for most consecutive victories with five.[4]

text: This event was won without losing a single set in the entire tournament during the Open Era twice, in 1976 by Björn Borg and in 2017 by Roger Federer.

text: Roger Federer is the only player in history, in both the Amateur and Open Era, to reach the Wimbledon Gentlemen's Singles Final eleven times. He has won on eight occasions and lost on three.

text: Champions[edit]

text:
Regular competition

All Comers' winner, Challenge round winner ‡

Defending champion, Challenge round winner †

All Comers' winner, no Challenge round ◊

text: Amateur era[edit]

text:
Year[d]

Country

Champion

Country

Runner-up

Score in the final[4]

1877
 BRI[e]
Spencer Gore
 BRI
William Marshall
6–1, 6–2, 6–4

1878
 BRI
Frank Hadow ‡
 BRI
Spencer Gore
7–5, 6–1, 9–7

1879
 BRI
John Hartley ◊
 BRI
Vere St. Leger Goold
6–2, 6–4, 6–2

1880
 BRI
John Hartley †
 BRI
Herbert Lawford
6–3, 6–2, 2–6, 6–3

1881
 BRI
William Renshaw ‡
 BRI
John Hartley
6–0, 6–1, 6–1

1882
 BRI
William Renshaw †
 BRI
Ernest Renshaw
6–1, 2–6, 4–6, 6–2, 6–2

1883
 BRI
William Renshaw †
 BRI
Ernest Renshaw
2–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3

1884
 BRI
William Renshaw †
 BRI
Herbert Lawford
6–0, 6–4, 9–7

1885
 BRI
William Renshaw †
 BRI
Herbert Lawford
7–5, 6–2, 4–6, 7–5

1886
 BRI
William Renshaw †
 BRI
Herbert Lawford
6–0, 5–7, 6–3, 6–4

1887
 BRI
Herbert Lawford ◊
 BRI
Ernest Renshaw
1–6, 6–3, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4

1888
 BRI
Ernest Renshaw ‡
 BRI
Herbert Lawford
6–3, 7–5, 6–0

1889
 BRI
William Renshaw ‡
 BRI
Ernest Renshaw
6–4, 6–1, 3–6, 6–0

1890
 BRI
Willoughby Hamilton ‡
 BRI
William Renshaw
6–8, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1, 6–1

1891
 BRI
Wilfred Baddeley ◊
 BRI
Joshua Pim
6–4, 1–6, 7–5, 6–0

1892
 BRI
Wilfred Baddeley †
 BRI
Joshua Pim
4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–2

1893
 BRI
Joshua Pim ‡
 BRI
Wilfred Baddeley
3–6, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2

1894
 BRI
Joshua Pim †
 BRI
Wilfred Baddeley
10–8, 6–2, 8–6

1895
 BRI
Wilfred Baddeley ◊
 BRI
Wilberforce Eaves
4–6, 2–6, 8–6, 6–2, 6–3

1896
 BRI
Harold Mahony ‡
 BRI
Wilfred Baddeley
6–2, 6–8, 5–7, 8–6, 6–3

1897
 BRI
Reginald Doherty ‡
 BRI
Harold Mahony
6–4, 6–4, 6–3

1898
 BRI
Reginald Doherty †
 BRI
Laurence Doherty
6–3, 6–3, 2–6, 5–7, 6–1

1899
 BRI
Reginald Doherty †
 BRI
Arthur Gore
1–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–3

1900
 BRI
Reginald Doherty †
 BRI
Sydney Smith
6–8, 6–3, 6–1, 6–2

1901
 BRI
Arthur Gore ‡
 BRI
Reginald Doherty
4–6, 7–5, 6–4, 6–4

1902
 BRI
Laurence Doherty ‡
 BRI
Arthur Gore
6–4, 6–3, 3–6, 6–0

1903
 BRI
Laurence Doherty †
 BRI
Frank Riseley
7–5, 6–3, 6–0

1904
 BRI
Laurence Doherty †
 BRI
Frank Riseley
6–1, 7–5, 8–6

1905
 BRI
Laurence Doherty †
 AUS
Norman Brookes
8–6, 6–2, 6–4

1906
 BRI
Laurence Doherty †
 BRI
Frank Riseley
6–4, 4–6, 6–2, 6–3

1907
 AUS
Norman Brookes ◊
 BRI
Arthur Gore
6–4, 6–2, 6–2

1908
 BRI
Arthur Gore ◊
 BRI
Herbert Roper Barrett
6–3, 6–2, 4–6, 3–6, 6–4

1909
 BRI
Arthur Gore †
 BRI
Major Ritchie
6–8, 1–6, 6–2, 6–2, 6–2

1910
 NZL
Anthony Wilding ‡
 BRI
Arthur Gore
6–4, 7–5, 4–6, 6–2

1911
 NZL
Anthony Wilding †
 BRI
Herbert Roper Barrett
6–4, 4–6, 2–6, 6–2, retired[f]

1912
 NZL
Anthony Wilding †
 BRI
Arthur Gore
6–4, 6–4, 4–6, 6–4

1913
 NZL
Anthony Wilding †
 USA
Maurice McLoughlin
8–6, 6–3, 10–8

1914
 AUS
Norman Brookes ‡
 NZL
Anthony Wilding
6–4, 6–4, 7–5

1915
No competition (due to World War I)

1916

1917

1918

1919
 AUS
Gerald Patterson ‡
 AUS
Norman Brookes
6–3, 7–5, 6–2

1920
 USA
Bill Tilden ‡
 AUS
Gerald Patterson
2–6, 6–3, 6–2, 6–4

1921
 USA
Bill Tilden †
 SAF
Brian Norton
4–6, 2–6, 6–1, 6–0, 7–5

1922
 AUS
Gerald Patterson
 BRI
Randolph Lycett
6–3, 6–4, 6–2

1923
 USA
Bill Johnston
 USA
Francis Hunter
6–0, 6–3, 6–1

1924
 FRA
Jean Borotra
 FRA
René Lacoste
6–1, 3–6, 6–1, 3–6, 6–4

1925
 FRA
René Lacoste
 FRA
Jean Borotra
6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 8–6

1926
 FRA
Jean Borotra
 USA
Howard Kinsey
8–6, 6–1, 6–3

1927
 FRA
Henri Cochet
 FRA
Jean Borotra
4–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 7–5

1928
 FRA
René Lacoste
 FRA
Henri Cochet
6–1, 4–6, 6–4, 6–2

1929
 FRA
Henri Cochet
 FRA
Jean Borotra
6–4, 6–3, 6–4

1930
 USA
Bill Tilden
 USA
Wilmer Allison
6–3, 9–7, 6–4

1931
 USA
Sidney Wood
 USA
Frank Shields
walkover[h]

1932
 USA
Ellsworth Vines
 GBR
Bunny Austin
6–4, 6–2, 6–0

1933
 AUS
Jack Crawford
 USA
Ellsworth Vines
4–6, 11–9, 6–2, 2–6, 6–4

1934
 GBR
Fred Perry
 AUS
Jack Crawford
6–3, 6–0, 7–5

1935
 GBR
Fred Perry
 GER
Gottfried von Cramm
6–2, 6–4, 6–4

1936
 GBR
Fred Perry
 GER
Gottfried von Cramm
6–1, 6–1, 6–0

1937
 USA
Don Budge
 GER
Gottfried von Cramm
6–3, 6–4, 6–2

1938
 USA
Don Budge
 GBR
Bunny Austin
6–1, 6–0, 6–3

1939
 USA
Bobby Riggs
 USA
Elwood Cooke
2–6, 8–6, 3–6, 6–3, 6–2

1940
No competition (due to World War II)

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946
 FRA
Yvon Petra
 AUS
Geoff Brown
6–2, 6–4, 7–9, 5–7, 6–4

1947
 USA
Jack Kramer
 USA
Tom Brown
6–1, 6–3, 6–2

1948
 USA
Bob Falkenburg
 AUS
John Bromwich
7–5, 0–6, 6–2, 3–6, 7–5

1949
 USA
Ted Schroeder
 TCH
Jaroslav Drobný
3–6, 6–0, 6–3, 4–6, 6–4

1950
 USA
Budge Patty
 AUS
Frank Sedgman
6–1, 8–10, 6–2, 6–3

1951
 USA
Dick Savitt
 AUS
Ken McGregor
6–4, 6–4, 6–4

1952
 AUS
Frank Sedgman
 EGY
Jaroslav Drobný
4–6, 6–2, 6–3, 6–2

1953
 USA
Vic Seixas
 DEN
Kurt Nielsen
9–7, 6–3, 6–4

1954
 EGY
Jaroslav Drobný
 AUS
Ken Rosewall
13–11, 4–6, 6–2, 9–7

1955
 USA
Tony Trabert
 DEN
Kurt Nielsen
6–3, 7–5, 6–1

1956
 AUS
Lew Hoad
 AUS
Ken Rosewall
6–2, 4–6, 7–5, 6–4

1957
 AUS
Lew Hoad
 AUS
Ashley Cooper
6–2, 6–1, 6–2

1958
 AUS
Ashley Cooper
 AUS
Neale Fraser
3–6, 6–3, 6–4, 13–11

1959
 PER[j]
Alex Olmedo
 AUS
Rod Laver
6–4, 6–3, 6–4

1960
 AUS
Neale Fraser
 AUS
Rod Laver
6–4, 3–6, 9–7, 7–5

1961
 AUS
Rod Laver
 USA
Chuck McKinley
6–3, 6–1, 6–4

1962
 AUS
Rod Laver
 AUS
Martin Mulligan
6–2, 6–2, 6–1

1963
 USA
Chuck McKinley
 AUS
Fred Stolle
9–7, 6–1, 6–4

1964
 AUS
Roy Emerson
 AUS
Fred Stolle
6–4, 12–10, 4–6, 6–3

1965
 AUS
Roy Emerson
 AUS
Fred Stolle
6–2, 6–4, 6–4

1966
 ESP
Manuel Santana
 USA
Dennis Ralston
6–4, 11–9, 6–4

1967
 AUS
John Newcombe
 FRG
Wilhelm Bungert
6–3, 6–1, 6–1

text: Open era[edit]

text:
Year[d]

Country

Champion

Country

Runner-up

Score in the final[4]

1968
 AUS
Rod Laver
 AUS
Tony Roche
6–3, 6–4, 6–2

1969
 AUS
Rod Laver
 AUS
John Newcombe
6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–4

1970
 AUS
John Newcombe
 AUS
Ken Rosewall
5–7, 6–3, 6–2, 3–6, 6–1

1971
 AUS
John Newcombe
 USA
Stan Smith
6–3, 5–7, 2–6, 6–4, 6–4

1972
 USA
Stan Smith
 ROM
Ilie Năstase
4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 4–6, 7–5

1973
 TCH
Jan Kodeš
 URS
Alex Metreveli
6–1, 9–8(7–5), 6–3

1974
 USA
Jimmy Connors
 AUS
Ken Rosewall
6–1, 6–1, 6–4

1975
 USA
Arthur Ashe
 USA
Jimmy Connors
6–1, 6–1, 5–7, 6–4

1976
 SWE
Björn Borg
 ROM
Ilie Năstase
6–4, 6–2, 9–7

1977
 SWE
Björn Borg
 USA
Jimmy Connors
3–6, 6–2, 6–1, 5–7, 6–4

1978
 SWE
Björn Borg
 USA
Jimmy Connors
6–2, 6–2, 6–3

1979
 SWE
Björn Borg
 USA
Roscoe Tanner
6–7(4–7), 6–1, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4

1980
 SWE
Björn Borg
 USA
John McEnroe
1–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–7(16–18), 8–6

1981
 USA
John McEnroe
 SWE
Björn Borg
4–6, 7–6(7–1), 7–6(7–4), 6–4

1982
 USA
Jimmy Connors
 USA
John McEnroe
3–6, 6–3, 6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–5), 6–4

1983
 USA
John McEnroe
 NZL
Chris Lewis
6–2, 6–2, 6–2

1984
 USA
John McEnroe
 USA
Jimmy Connors
6–1, 6–1, 6–2

1985
 FRG
Boris Becker
 USA[n]
Kevin Curren
6–3, 6–7(4–7), 7–6(7–3), 6–4

1986
 FRG
Boris Becker
 TCH
Ivan Lendl
6–4, 6–3, 7–5

1987
 AUS
Pat Cash
 TCH
Ivan Lendl
7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–5

1988
 SWE
Stefan Edberg
 FRG
Boris Becker
4–6, 7–6(7–2), 6–4, 6–2

1989
 FRG
Boris Becker
 SWE
Stefan Edberg
6–0, 7–6(7–1), 6–4

1990
 SWE
Stefan Edberg
 FRG
Boris Becker
6–2, 6–2, 3–6, 3–6, 6–4

1991
 GER
Michael Stich
 GER
Boris Becker
6–4, 7–6(7–4), 6–4

1992
 USA
Andre Agassi
 CRO
Goran Ivanišević
6–7(8–10), 6–4, 6–4, 1–6, 6–4

1993
 USA
Pete Sampras
 USA
Jim Courier
7–6(7–3), 7–6(8–6), 3–6, 6–3

1994
 USA
Pete Sampras
 CRO
Goran Ivanišević
7–6(7–2), 7–6(7–5), 6–0

1995
 USA
Pete Sampras
 GER
Boris Becker
6–7(5–7), 6–2, 6–4, 6–2

1996
 NED
Richard Krajicek
 USA
MaliVai Washington
6–3, 6–4, 6–3

1997
 USA
Pete Sampras
 FRA
Cédric Pioline
6–4, 6–2, 6–4

1998
 USA
Pete Sampras
 CRO
Goran Ivanišević
6–7(2–7), 7–6(11–9), 6–4, 3–6, 6–2

1999
 USA
Pete Sampras
 USA
Andre Agassi
6–3, 6–4, 7–5

2000
 USA
Pete Sampras
 AUS
Patrick Rafter
6–7(10–12), 7–6(7–5), 6–4, 6–2

2001
 CRO
Goran Ivanišević
 AUS
Patrick Rafter
6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7

2002
 AUS
Lleyton Hewitt
 ARG
David Nalbandian
6–1, 6–3, 6–2

2003
  SUI
Roger Federer
 AUS
Mark Philippoussis
7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–6(7–3)

2004
  SUI
Roger Federer
 USA
Andy Roddick
4–6, 7–5, 7–6(7–3), 6–4

2005
  SUI
Roger Federer
 USA
Andy Roddick
6–2, 7–6(7–2), 6–4

2006
  SUI
Roger Federer
 ESP
Rafael Nadal
6–0, 7–6(7–5), 6–7(2–7), 6–3

2007
  SUI
Roger Federer
 ESP
Rafael Nadal
7–6(9–7), 4–6, 7–6(7–3), 2–6, 6–2

2008
 ESP
Rafael Nadal
  SUI
Roger Federer
6–4, 6–4, 6–7(5–7), 6–7(8–10), 9–7

2009
  SUI
Roger Federer
 USA
Andy Roddick
5–7, 7–6(8–6), 7–6(7–5), 3–6, 16–14

2010
 ESP
Rafael Nadal
 CZE
Tomáš Berdych
6–3, 7–5, 6–4

2011
 SRB
Novak Djokovic
 ESP
Rafael Nadal
6–4, 6–1, 1–6, 6–3

2012
  SUI
Roger Federer
 GBR
Andy Murray
4–6, 7–5, 6–3, 6–4

2013
 GBR
Andy Murray
 SRB
Novak Djokovic
6–4, 7–5, 6–4

2014
 SRB
Novak Djokovic
  SUI
Roger Federer
6–7(7–9), 6–4, 7–6(7–4), 5–7, 6–4

2015
 SRB
Novak Djokovic
  SUI
Roger Federer
7–6(7–1), 6–7(10–12), 6–4, 6–3

2016
 GBR
Andy Murray
 CAN
Milos Raonic
6–4, 7–6(7–3), 7–6(7–2)

2017
  SUI
Roger Federer
 CRO
Marin Čilić
6–3, 6–1, 6–4

2018
 SRB
Novak Djokovic
 RSA
Kevin Anderson
6–2, 6–2, 7–6(7–3)

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Multiple Champions[edit]

text: Title defended in the challenge round

text:
Player

Open Era

Amateur Era

All-time

Years

 Roger Federer (SUI)
8
0
8
2003, 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2017

 William Renshaw (BRI)
0
7
7
1881, 1882, 1883, 1884, 1885, 1886, 1889

 Pete Sampras (USA)
7
0
7
1993, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000

 Laurence Doherty (BRI)
0
5
5
1902, 1903, 1904, 1905, 1906

 Björn Borg (SWE)
5
0
5
1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980

 Reginald Doherty (BRI)
0
4
4
1897, 1898, 1899, 1900

 Anthony Wilding (NZL)
0
4
4
1910, 1911, 1912, 1913

 Rod Laver (AUS)
2
2
4
1961, 1962, 1968, 1969

 Novak Djokovic (SRB)
4
0
4
2011, 2014, 2015, 2018

 Wilfred Baddeley (BRI)
0
3
3
1891, 1892, 1895

 Arthur Gore (BRI)
0
3
3
1901, 1908, 1909

 Bill Tilden (USA)
0
3
3
1920, 1921, 1930

 Fred Perry (GBR)
0
3
3
1934, 1935, 1936

 John Newcombe (AUS)
2
1
3
1967, 1970, 1971

 John McEnroe (USA)
3
0
3
1981, 1983, 1984

 Boris Becker (GER)
3
0
3
1985, 1986, 1989

 John Hartley (BRI)
0
2
2
1879, 1880

 Joshua Pim (BRI)
0
2
2
1893, 1894

 Norman Brookes (AUS)
0
2
2
1907, 1914

 Gerald Patterson (AUS)
0
2
2
1919, 1922

 Jean Borotra (FRA)
0
2
2
1924, 1926

 René Lacoste (FRA)
0
2
2
1925, 1928

 Henri Cochet (FRA)
0
2
2
1927, 1929

 Don Budge (USA)
0
2
2
1937, 1938

 Lew Hoad (AUS)
0
2
2
1956, 1957

 Roy Emerson (AUS)
0
2
2
1964, 1965

 Jimmy Connors (USA)
2
0
2
1974, 1982

 Stefan Edberg (SWE)
2
0
2
1988, 1990

 Rafael Nadal (ESP)
2
0
2
2008, 2010

 Andy Murray (GBR)
2
0
2
2013, 2016

text: Champions by country[edit]

text:
Country

Amateur Era

Open Era

All-time

First title

Last title

 United Kingdom (UK)[e][k]
35
2
37
1877
2016

 United States (USA)
17
15
32
1920
2000

 Australia (AUS)
15
6
21
1907
2002

  Switzerland (SUI)
0
8
8
2003
2017

 France (FRA)
7
0
7
1924
1946

 Sweden (SWE)
0
7
7
1976
1990

 Germany (GER)[l]
0
4
4
1985
1991

 New Zealand (NZL)
4
0
4
1910
1913

 Serbia (SRB)
0
4
4
2011
2018

 Spain (ESP)
1
2
3
1966
2010

 Croatia (CRO)
0
1
1
2001
2001

 Peru (PER)
1
0
1
1959
1959

 Czechoslovakia (TCH) ¤[m]
0
1
1
1973
1973

 Egypt (EGY)
1
0
1
1954
1954

 Netherlands (NED)
0
1
1
1996
1996

text: Former country ¤