document_title: FIFA World Cup hosts

question_text: when did brazil organize its first world cup

question_tokens: when did brazil organize its first world cup

text: FIFA World Cup hosts

text: List of hosts[edit]

text:
Year
Host
Continent
Winner

1930
 Uruguay
South America
 Uruguay

1934
 Italy
Europe
 Italy

1938
 France
Europe
 Italy

1942
Cancelled due to World War II

1946
Cancelled due to World War II

1950
 Brazil
South America
 Uruguay

1954
  Switzerland
Europe
 West Germany

1958
 Sweden
Europe
 Brazil

1962
 Chile
South America
 Brazil

1966
 England
Europe
 England

1970
 Mexico
North America
 Brazil

1974
 West Germany
Europe
 West Germany

1978
 Argentina
South America
 Argentina

1982
 Spain
Europe
 Italy

1986
 Mexico
North America
 Argentina

1990
 Italy
Europe
 West Germany

1994
 United States
North America
 Brazil

1998
 France
Europe
 France

2002
 South Korea /  Japan
Asia
 Brazil

2006
 Germany
Europe
 Italy

2010
 South Africa
Africa
 Spain

2014
 Brazil
South America
 Germany

2018
 Russia
Europe

2022
 Qatar
Asia

2026
TBD

2030
TBD

text: 1930 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Hungary
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Spain
 Sweden
 Uruguay

text: Before the FIFA Congress could vote on the first-ever World Cup host, a series of withdrawals led to the election of Uruguay. The Netherlands and Hungary withdrew, followed by Sweden withdrawing in favour of Italy. Then both Italy and Spain withdrew, in favour of the only remaining candidate, Uruguay. The FIFA Congress met in Barcelona, Spain on 18 May 1929 to ratify the decision, and Uruguay was chosen without a vote.[citation needed]

text: Results:

text:
Uruguay
 Italy withdrew
 Spain withdrew
 Sweden withdrew
 Netherlands withdrew
 Hungary withdrew

text: Notice that the celebration of the first World Cup coincided with the centennial anniversary of the first Constitution of Uruguay. For that reason, the main stadium built in Montevideo for the World Cup was named Estadio Centenario.

text: 1934 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Italy
 Sweden

text: Sweden decided to withdraw before the vote, allowing the only remaining candidate Italy to take the hosting job for the 1934 World Cup. The decision was ratified by the FIFA Congress in Stockholm, Sweden and Zürich, Switzerland on 14 May 1932. The Italian Football Federation accepted the hosting duties on 9 October 1932.

text: Results:

text:
Italy
 Sweden withdrew

text: 1938 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 France
 Germany

text: Without any nations withdrawing their bids before the vote, the FIFA Congress convened in Berlin, Germany on 13 August 1936 to decide the next host of the World Cup. Electing France took only one ballot, as France had more than half of the votes in the first round.

text: Results:

text:
France, 19 votes
 Argentina, 4 votes
 Germany, 0 votes

text: Cancelled FIFA World Cups 1942 and 1946[edit]

text: Bids for 1942:

text:
Argentina
 Brazil
 Germany

text: Cancelled FIFA election of the host due to the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.

text: Bids for 1946:

text: 1950 and 1954 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text: 1949 bid[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Brazil

text: Brazil, Argentina, and Germany had official bid for the 1942 World Cup, but the Cup was cancelled after the outbreak of World War II. The 1950 World Cup was originally scheduled for 1949, but the day after Brazil was selected by the FIFA Congress on 26 July 1946 in Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, the World Cup was rescheduled for 1950.

text: Result:

text: Brazil

text: 1951 bid[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Switzerland

text: The 1951 World Cup hosting duty was decided on 26 July 1946, the same day that Brazil was selected for the 1949 World Cup, in Luxembourg City. On 27 July, the FIFA Congress pushed back the 5th World Cup finals for three years, deciding it should take place in 1954.

text: Result:

text: Switzerland

text: 1958 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Sweden

text: Argentina, Chile, Mexico, and Sweden expressed interest in hosting the tournament.[4] Swedish delegates lobbied other countries at the FIFA Congress held in Rio de Janeiro around the opening of the 1950 World Cup finals.[4] Sweden was awarded the 1958 tournament unopposed in on 23 June 1950.[5]

text: Result:

text: Sweden

text: 1962 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Chile
 West Germany

text: West Germany withdrew before the vote, which took place in Lisbon, Portugal on 10 June 1956, leaving two remaining bids. In one round of voting, Chile won over Argentina.

text: Results:

text:
Chile, 32 votes
 Argentina, 11 votes
 West Germany withdrew

text: 1966 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
England
 West Germany
 Spain

text: Spain withdrew from the bidding prior to voting by the FIFA Congress, held in Rome, Italy on 22 August 1960. Again, there was only one round of voting, with England defeating West Germany for the hosting position.

text: Results:

text:
England, 34 votes
 West Germany, 27 votes
 Spain withdrew

text: 1970 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Australia
 Colombia
 Japan
 Mexico
 Peru

text: The FIFA Congress convened in Tokyo, Japan on 8 October 1964. One round of voting saw Mexico win the hosting duties over Argentina.

text: Results:

text:
Mexico, 56 votes
 Argentina, 32 votes
 Australia withdrew
 Colombia withdrew
 Japan withdrew
 Peru withdrew

text: 1974, 1978, 1982 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text: Three hosts for the 1974, 1978, and 1982 World Cups were chosen in London, England on 6 July 1966 by the FIFA Congress. Spain and West Germany, both facing each other in the running for hosting duties for the 1974 and 1982 World Cups, agreed to give one another a hosting job. Germany withdrew from the 1982 bidding process while Spain withdrew from the 1974 bidding process, essentially guaranteeing each a hosting spot. Mexico, who had won the 1970 hosting bid over Argentina just two years prior, agreed to withdraw and let Argentina take the 1978 hosting position.

text: 1974 results[edit]

text:
West Germany
 Spain withdrew in exchange for 1982 hosting duties
 Italy withdrew
 Netherlands withdrew

text: 1978 results[edit]

text:
Argentina
 Colombia withdrew
 Mexico withdrew, as they had won hosting for World Cup 1970

text: 1982 results[edit]

text:
Spain
 West Germany withdrew in exchange for 1974 hosting duties
 Italy withdrew

text: 1986 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bid:

text: Colombia

text: Host voting, handled by the then-FIFA Executive Committee (or Exco), met in Stockholm on 9 June 1974 and ratified the unopposed Colombian bid.

text: Result:

text: Colombia

text: However, Colombia withdrew after being selected to host the World Cup due to financial problems on 5 November 1982, less than four years before the event was to start. A call for bids was sent out again, and FIFA received intent from three nations:

text:
Canada
 Mexico
 United States

text: In Zürich on 20 May 1983, Mexico won the bidding unanimously as voted by the Executive Committee, for the first time in FIFA World Cup bidding history (except those nations who bid unopposed).

text: Results:

text:
Mexico unanimous vote
 United States 0 votes
 Canada 0 votes

text: 1990 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Austria
 England
 France
 Greece
 Iran
 Italy
 Soviet Union
 West Germany
 Yugoslavia

text: Except Italy and the Soviet Union, all nations withdrew before the vote, which was to be conducted by Exco in Zürich on 19 May 1984. Once again, only one round of voting was required, as Italy won more votes than the Soviet Union.

text: Results:

text:
Italy, 11 votes
 Soviet Union, 5 votes
 Austria withdrew
 England withdrew
 France withdrew
 Greece withdrew
 Iran withdrew
 West Germany withdrew
 Yugoslavia withdrew

text: 1994 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Brazil
 Morocco
 United States
 Chile

text: Despite having three nations bidding for host duties, voting only took one round. The vote was held in Zürich (for the third straight time) on 4 July 1988. The United States won the bid by receiving a little over half of the votes by the Exco members.

text: Results:

text:
United States, 10 votes
 Morocco, 7 votes
 Brazil, 2 votes
 Chile withdrew

text: 1998 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
England
 France
 Germany
 Morocco
  Switzerland

text: This vote was held in Zürich for the fourth straight time on 1 July 1992. Only one round of voting was required to have France assume the hosting job over Morocco.

text: Result:

text:
France, 12 votes
 Morocco, 7 votes
  Switzerland withdrew
 England withdrew
 Germany withdrew

text: 2002 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
South Korea/ Japan
 Mexico

text: On 31 May 1996, the hosting selection meeting was held in Zürich for the fifth straight time. A joint bid was formed between Japan and South Korea, and the bid was "voted by acclamation", an oral vote without ballots. The first joint bid of the World Cup was approved, edging out Mexico.

text: Results:

text:
South Korea/ Japan (joint bid, voted by acclamation)
 Mexico

text: The 2002 FIFA World Cup was co-hosted in Asia for the first time by South Korea and Japan (the final was held in Japan). Initially, the two Asian countries were competitors in the bidding process. But just before the vote, they agreed with FIFA to co-host the event. However, the rivalry and distance between them led to organizational and logistical problems. FIFA has said that co-hosting is not likely to happen again, and in 2004 officially stated that its statutes did not allow co-hosting bids.[6]

text: 2006 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Brazil
 England
 Germany
 Morocco
 South Africa

text: On 6 July 2000, the host selection meeting was held for the sixth straight time in Zürich. Brazil withdrew its bid three days before the vote, and the field was narrowed to four. This was the first selection in which more than one vote round was required. Three votes were eventually needed. Germany was at least tied for first in each of the three votes, and ended up defeating South Africa by only one vote after an abstention (see below).

text:
Results

Nation
Vote

Round 1
Round 2
Round 3

 Germany
10
11
12

 South Africa
6
11
11

 England
5
2
Eliminated

 Morocco
2
Eliminated
Eliminated

Total votes
23
24
23

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The controversy over the decision to award the 2006 FIFA World Cup to Germany led to a further change in practice. The final tally was 12 votes to 11 in favour of Germany over the contenders South Africa, who had been favorites to win. New Zealand FIFA member Charlie Dempsey, who was instructed to vote for South Africa by the Oceania Football Confederation, abstained from voting at the last minute. If he had voted for the South African bid, the tally would have been 12–12, giving the decision to FIFA President Sepp Blatter, who, it was widely believed, would then have voted for South Africa.[7]

text: Dempsey was among eight members of the Executive Committee to receive a fax by editors of the German satirical magazine Titanic on Wednesday, the night before the vote, promising a cuckoo clock and Black Forest ham in exchange for voting for Germany. He argued that the pressure from all sides including "an attempt to bribe" him had become too much for him.[8]

text: On 4 August 2000, consequently, FIFA decided to rotate the hosting of the final tournaments between its constituent confederations. This was until October 2007, during the selection of the host for the 2014 FIFA World Cup, when they announced that they will no longer continue with their continental rotation policy (see below).[9][10]

text: 2010 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Egypt
 Morocco
 Nigeria
 South Africa
 Tunisia /  Libya

text: The first World Cup bidding process under continental rotation (the process of rotating hosting of the World Cup to each confederation in turn) was the 2010 FIFA World Cup,[6] the first World Cup to be held in Africa. On 7 July 2001, during the FIFA Congress in Buenos Aires, a decision was ratified, which was that the rotation will begin in Africa.[11] On 23 September 2002, FIFA's Executive Committee confirmed that only African member associations, would be invited to submit bids to host the 2010 FIFA World Cup.[12]

text: In January 2003, Nigeria entered the bidding process, but withdrew their bid in September.[13][14] In March 2003, Sepp Blatter initially said Nigeria's plan to co host the 2010 FIFA World Cup with four African countries would not work.[15] Nigeria had originally hoped to bid jointly with West African neighbours Benin, Ghana, and Togo.

text: After it was confirmed by FIFA that joint bidding would not be allowed in the future, Libya and Tunisia withdrew both of their bids on 8 May 2004. On 15 May 2004 in Zürich (the seventh consecutive time that a host selection has been made there), South Africa, after a narrow loss in the 2006 bidding, defeated perennial candidate Morocco to host, 14 votes to 10. Egypt received no votes.

text:
Results

Nation
Vote

Round 1

 South Africa
14

 Morocco
10

 Egypt
0

 Tunisia /  Libya
Withdrew

 Nigeria
Withdrew

Total votes
24

text: Controversy[edit]

text: On 28 May 2015, media covering the 2015 FIFA corruption case reported that high-ranking officials from the South African bid committee had secured the right to host the World Cup by paying US$10 million in bribes to then-FIFA Vice President Jack Warner and to other FIFA Executive Committee members.[16]

text: On 4 June 2015, FIFA executive Chuck Blazer, having co-operated with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, confirmed that he and the other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed in order to promote the South African 1998 and 2010 World Cups. Blazer stated, "I and others on the Fifa executive committee agreed to accept bribes in conjunction with the selection of South Africa as the host nation for the 2010 World Cup."[17][18]

text: On 6 June 2015, The Daily Telegraph reported that Morocco had received the most votes, but South Africa was awarded the tournament instead.[19]

text: 2014 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Argentina
 Brazil
 Colombia

text: FIFA continued its continental rotation procedure by earmarking the 2014 World Cup for South America. FIFA initially indicated that it might back out of the rotation concept,[20] but later decided to continue it through the 2014 host decision, after which it was dropped.

text: Colombia had expressed interest in hosting the 2014 World Cup,[21] but withdrew undertaking the 2011 FIFA U-20 World Cup.[22] Brazil also expressed interest in hosting the World Cup. CONMEBOL, the South American Football Federation, indicated their preference for Brazil as a host.[23] Brazil was the only nation to submit a formal bid when the official bidding procedure for CONMEBOL member associations was opened in December 2006, as by that time, Colombia, Chile and Argentina had already withdrawn, and Venezuela was not allowed to bid.

text: Brazil made the first unopposed bid since the initial selection of the 1986 FIFA World Cup (when Colombia was selected as host, but later withdrew for financial problems). The FIFA Executive Committee confirmed it as the host country on 30 October 2007 by a unanimous decision.[24]

text: Result:

text:
2014 FIFA bidding (majority 12 votes)

Bidders
Votes

Round 1
Round 2

 Brazil
N/A
N/A

 Argentina

Withdrew

 Colombia

Withdrew

text: 2018 and 2022 FIFA World Cups[edit]

text:
2018 Bids:

 Belgium /  Netherlands
 England
 Spain /  Portugal
 Russia

2022 Bids:

 Australia
 Japan
 South Korea
 Qatar
 United States

text: Wikinews has related news: FIFA receives eleven bids for 2018 and 2022 World Cups

text: FIFA announced on 29 October 2007 that it will no longer continue with its continental rotation policy, implemented after the 2006 World Cup host selection. The newest host selection policy is that any country may bid for a World Cup, provided that their continental confederation has not hosted either of the past two World Cups. For the 2018 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from Africa and South America were not allowed.

text: For the 2022 World Cup bidding process, this meant that bids from South America and Europe were not allowed.[25][26] Also, FIFA formally allowed joint bids once more (after they were banned in 2002), due to there being only one organizing committee per joint bid, unlike Korea/Japan, which had two different organizing committees.[27] Countries that announced their interest included Australia, England, Indonesia, Japan, Qatar, Russia, South Korea, United States, the joint bid of Spain and Portugal and the joint bid of Belgium and Netherlands.[25][28][29]

text: The hosts for both World Cups were announced by the FIFA Executive Committee on 2 December 2010. Russia was selected to host the 2018 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time that the World Cup will be hosted in Eastern Europe and making it the biggest country geographically to host the World Cup. Qatar was selected to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, making it the first time a World Cup will be held in the Middle East and the second time in Asia. Also, the decision made it the smallest country geographically to host the World Cup.[30]

text:
2018 Results

Nation
Vote

Round 1
Round 2

 Russia
9
13

 Spain /  Portugal
7
7

 Netherlands /  Belgium
4
2

 England
2
Eliminated

Total votes
22
22

text:
2022 results

Nation
Vote

Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4

 Qatar
11
10
11
14

 United States
3
5
6
8

 South Korea
4
5
5
Eliminated

 Japan
3
2
Eliminated
Eliminated

 Australia
1
Eliminated
Eliminated
Eliminated

Total votes
22
22
22
22

text: Accusations of bribery[edit]

text: Before the vote, allegations of bribery resulted in the suspension of two FIFA Executive Committee members, reducing the number of voters to 22.[31]

text: In May 2011, allegations of corruption within the FIFA senior officials raised questions over the legitimacy of the World Cup being held in Qatar. According to then vice-President Jack Warner, an email has been publicised about the possibility that Qatar 'bought' the 2022 World Cup through bribery via Mohammed bin Hammam who was president of the Asian Football Confederation at the time. Qatar's officials in the bid team for 2022 have denied any wrongdoing.[32]

text: A whistleblower, revealed to be Phaedra Almajid, alleged that several African officials were paid $1.5 million by Qatar.[33] She later retracted her claims of bribery, stating she had fabricated them in order to exact revenge on the Qatari bid team for relieving her of her job with them. She also denied being put under any pressure to make her retraction. FIFA confirmed receiving an email from her which stated her retraction.[34][35]

text: On 1 June 2014, The Sunday Times claimed to have obtained documents including e-mails, letters and bank transfers which allegedly proved that Bin Hammam had paid more than US$5 million to football officials to support the Qatar bid. Bin Hamman and all those accused of accepting bribes denied the charges[36]

text: More suspicions emerged in March 2014 when it was discovered that Jack Warner, who was made to leave his post as president of CONCACAF in disgrace, and his family were paid almost $2 million from a firm linked to Qatar's successful campaign. The FBI is investigating Warner and his alleged links to the Qatari bid.[37]

text: 2026 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Canada /  USA /  Mexico
 Morocco

text: A CONCACAF bid for the 2026 World Cup is probable, with Canada, USA, and Mexico the most likely nations to bid.[38] Under FIFA rules as of 2016, the 2026 Cup cannot be in either Europe (UEFA) or Asia (Asian Football Confederation),[39][40] leaving an African (CAF) bid, a North American (CONCACAF) bid, a South American (CONMEBOL) bid or an Oceanian (OFC) bid as other possible options.[41] In March 2017, FIFA's president Gianni Infantino confirmed that "Europe (UEFA) and Asia (AFC) are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Russia and Qatar in 2018 and 2022 respectively."[42]

text: The bidding process was originally scheduled to start in 2015, with the appointment of hosts scheduled for the FIFA Congress on 10 May 2017 in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[43][44] On 10 June 2015, FIFA announced that the bid process for the 2026 FIFA World Cup was postponed.[45][46] However, following the FIFA Council meeting on 10 May 2016, a new bid schedule was announced for May 2020 as the last in a four-phase process.[47]

text: CONCACAF member federations (Canada, Mexico, United States) are favoured to host the 2026 World Cup for the first time since 1994 World Cup. Also, FIFA's president Infantino will consider the option for triple co-hosting by Canada, Mexico and the United States.[39][48] On 14 October 2016, FIFA said it will accept CONCACAF triple tournament-sharing bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States.[49]

text: According to CONCACAF president, Victor Montagliani, there would be a possibility of a joint bid between Canada, United States, and Mexico to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[50]

text: On 10 April 2017, Canada, the United States, and Mexico announced their intention to submit a joint bid to co-host the 2026 FIFA World Cup, with three-quarters of the games to be played in the U.S., including the final.[51]

text: On 11 August 2017, Morocco has officially announced a bid to host the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[52]

text: Official 2026 Bids:

text:
CONCACAF:

 Canada /  United States /  Mexico: Canada–United States–Mexico 2026 FIFA World Cup bid[49][53][54][55]

CAF:

 Morocco: Morocco 2026 FIFA World Cup bid[56][57]

text: 2030 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Uruguay /  Argentina /  Paraguay
 England

text: Six early bids for the 2030 FIFA World Cup - the Centennial World Cup - have been proposed, with a collective bid from the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations,[58] a proposed bid by the Football Federation of Chile,[59] a proposed joint bid from Uruguay and Argentina,[60] a proposed bid from Colombia,[61][62] a proposed bid by The Football Association of England,[63] and a proposed joint bid from New Zealand and Australia.[64][65] Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) because the Asian Football Confederation is excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[42][63] Also in June 2017, UEFA's president Aleksander Čeferin stated that Europe (UEFA) will definitely fight for its right to host the 2030 World Cup.[66]

text: The Uruguay–Argentina bid would coincide with the centennial anniversary of the first FIFA World Cup final, and the bicentennial of the first Constitution of Uruguay. The Uruguay-Argentina bid was officially confirmed on 29 July 2017. Paraguay is aiming for joining the bid, but this is not confirmed or discarded yet. The efforts for the inclusion of Paraguay in the bid caused discomfort in the Uruguayan Football Association, and Wilmar Valdéz (AUF president) accused some insistence of the Conmebol although it is not official that Paraguay joins the event.[67] Chile also wants to organize the World Cup with Uruguay and Argentina.[68]

text: A joint bid was announced by the Argentine Football Association and the Uruguayan Football Association on 29 July 2017.[69] Before Uruguay and Argentina played out a goalless draw in Montevideo, FC Barcelona players Luis Suárez and Lionel Messi promoted the bid with commemorative shirts.[70] On 31 August 2017, it was suggested Paraguay would join as a third host.[71] CONMEBOL, the South American confederation, confirmed the joint three-way bid in September 2017.[72]

text: English FA vice chairman David Gill has proposed that his country could potentially bid for 2030, provided that the bidding process is made more transparent.[73] "England is one of few countries that could stage even a 48-nation event in its entirety, while Football Association chief executive Martin Glenn made it clear earlier this year bidding for 2030 was an option."[63] In June 2017, UEFA stated that "it would support a pan-British bid for 2030 or even a single bid from England."[74]

text: It is expected that countries from "South America (CONMEBOL) and Europe (UEFA) will likely to be in a bid competition for 2030."[75]

text: Confirmed 2030 bids:

text:
CONMEBOL:

 Uruguay /  Argentina /  Paraguay: Uruguay–Argentina–Paraguay 2030 FIFA World Cup bid[76][67][77][60][60][74]

text: Expressed interest in bidding:

text:
UEFA:

 England[73][63][74]

text: 2034 FIFA World Cup[edit]

text: Bids:

text:
Indonesia and  Thailand
 China

text: The first bid for the 2034 FIFA World Cup has been proposed as a collective bid by the members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations. The idea of a combined ASEAN bid had been mooted as early as January 2011, when the former Football Association of Singapore President, Zainudin Nordin, said in a statement that the proposal had been made at an ASEAN Foreign Ministers meeting.[78] In 2013, Nordin and Special Olympics Malaysia President, Datuk Mohamed Feisol Hassan, recalled the idea for ASEAN to jointly host a World Cup. Under FIFA rules as of 2017, the 2030 World Cup cannot be held in Asia (AFC) as Asian Football Confederation members are excluded from the bidding following the selection of Qatar in 2022.[42][63] Therefore, the earliest bid by an AFC member could be made for 2034.[79][80][81][82][83]

text: Later, Malaysia has withdrawn from involvement but Singapore and other ASEAN countries continued the campaign to submit a joint bid for the World Cup in 2034. In February 2017, ASEAN held talks on launching a joint bid during a visit by FIFA chief Gianni Infantino to Yangon, Myanmar.[84]

text: In July 2017, Joko Driyono, the Vice-President of the Indonesia's Football Association, during meeting in Vietnam said that Indonesia and Thailand were set to lead a consortium of South-East Asian nations in the bid. Driyono added that due to geographic and infrastructure considerations and the expanded format (48 teams), at least two or three ASEAN countries combined would be in a position necessary to host matches.[85][86]

text: In September 2017, the Football Association of Thailand's Deputy CEO, Benjamin Tan, at the Asian Football Federation (AFF) Council meeting, confirmed that his Association has "put in their interest to bid and co-host" the 2034 World Cup with Indonesia.[87][88] On the same occasion, the General Secretary of the AFF, Dato Sri Azzuddin Ahmad, confirmed that Indonesia and Thailand will submit a joint bid.[89][90]

text: Far from ever having hosting the World Cup, no South-East Asian country ever qualified to the tournament. As of 2017, Indonesia is ranked by FIFA at 175th place and not a single national team from South-East Asia ranks in the FIFA top 100.[91]

text: China has announced its interest in bidding several times and reports stated "that China is likely to host the World Cup for the first time in 2034."[75]

text: Expressed interest in bidding:

text:
Indonesia[92][93][94] and  Thailand[95][96][97]
 China[75]

text: Total bids by country[edit]

text: World Cup-winning bids are bolded. Planned but not-yet-official bids for 2030 and beyond are not included.

text:
Country
Bids
Years

 Germany
6
1938, 1962,[a] 1966,[a] 1974,[a] 1982,[a] 2006

 Argentina
5
1938, 1962, 1970, 1978, 2030[b]

 Mexico
1970, 1978, 1986,[c] 2002, 2026[d]

 Morocco
1994, 1998, 2006, 2010, 2026

 Spain
1930, 1966, 1974, 1982, 2018[e]

 Brazil
4
1950, 1994, 2006, 2014

 England
1966, 1990, 2006, 2018

 United States
1986, 1994, 2022, 2026[d]

 Italy
3
1930, 1934, 1990

 Japan
1970, 2002,[f] 2022

 Canada
2
1986, 2026[d]

 Chile
1962, 2014

 Colombia
1986,[c] 2014

 France
1938, 1998

 Netherlands
1930, 2018[g]

 Russia
1990,[h] 2018

 South Africa
2006, 2010

 South Korea
2002,[f] 2022

  Switzerland
1954, 1998

 Uruguay
1930, 2030[b]

 Australia
2022

 Belgium
1
2018[g]

 Egypt
2010

 Greece
1990

 Hungary
1930

 Iran
1990

 Libya
2010[i]

 Paraguay
2030[b]

 Portugal
2018[e]

 Qatar
2022

 Sweden
1958

 Tunisia
2010[i]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d Bid by West Germany, which was joined by East Germany in 1990 to form the reunified nation of Germany.
^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Argentina, Paraguay and Uruguay.
^ Jump up to: a b Colombia was originally chosen to host the 1986 World Cup, but withdrew from hosting due to economic concerns. After a second bidding, Mexico was selected as the replacement host.
^ Jump up to: a b c Joint bid by Canada, Mexico and the United States.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Portugal and Spain.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Japan and South Korea.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Belgium and the Netherlands.
Jump up ^ Bid by the Soviet Union, which dissolved into multiple countries in 1991 and whose records are inherited by Russia.
^ Jump up to: a b Joint bid by Libya and Tunisia.

text: Host country performances[edit]

text: It is widely considered that home advantage is common in the World Cup, with the host team usually performing above average.[98] Of the eight countries that have won the tournament, only Brazil and Spain were not champions at home, and both England and France had their only titles as hosts.

text: Further, Sweden got to its only final as hosts of the 1958 tournament, and only the Swedes and Brazilians finished as runner-up in home soil.[99] The host country reached the semi-finals thirteen times in twenty tournaments, and both Chile and South Korea had their only finishes on the top four at home. Only South Africa in 2010 managed to not go past the group stage.[100]

text:
#
Performance
Team
Pld
W
D
L
Win%
GF
GA
GD
GD/M
GF/M

1
Champion
 Uruguay (1930)
4
4
0
0
100%
15
3
12
3
3.8

2
Champion
 France (1998)
7
6
1
0
93%
15
2
13
1.9
2.1

3
Champion
 England (1966)
6
5
1
0
92%
11
3
8
1.3
1.8

4
Champion
 Italy (1934)
5
4
1
0
90%
12
3
9
1.8
2.4

5
Champion
 West Germany (1974)
7
6
0
1
86%
13
4
9
1.3
1.9

6
Champion
 Argentina (1978)
7
5
1
1
79%
15
4
9
1.3
2.1

7
Runner-up
 Brazil (1950)
6
4
1
1
75%
22
6
16
2.7
3.7

8
Runner-up
 Sweden (1958)
6
4
1
1
75%
12
7
5
0.8
2

9
Third place
 Italy (1990)
7
6
1
0
93%
10
2
8
1.1
1.4

10
Third place
 Germany (2006)
7
5
1
1
79%
14
6
8
1.1
2

11
Third place
 Chile (1962)
6
4
0
2
67%
10
8
2
0.33
1.3

12
Fourth place
 South Korea (2002)
7
3
2
2
57%
8
6
2
0.3
1.1

13
Fourth place
 Brazil (2014)
7
3
2
2
57%
11
14
−3
−0.4
1.57

14
Quarter-final
 Mexico (1986)
5
3
2
0
80%
6
2
4
0.8
1.2

15
Quarter-final
 Mexico (1970)
4
2
1
1
63%
6
4
2
0.5
1.5

16
Quarter-final
  Switzerland (1954)
4
2
0
2
50%
11
11
0
0
2.8

17
Quarter-final
 France (1938)
2
1
0
1
50%
4
4
0
0
2

18
Second round
 Spain (1982)
5
1
2
2
40%
4
5
−1
−0.2
0.8

19
Round of 16
 Japan (2002)
4
2
1
1
63%
5
3
2
0.5
1.25

20
Round of 16
 United States (1994)
4
1
1
2
38%
3
4
−1
−0.3
0.8

21
Group stage
 South Africa (2010)
3
1
1
1
50%
3
5
−2
−0.7
1

text: Win% → Every draw counted as a half win. Wins on penalty shootouts are counted as draws.


document_title: List of births, marriages and deaths in Home and Away

question_text: who died of cancer in home and away

question_tokens: who died of cancer in home and away

root

text: Births[edit]

text:
Year
Child
Father
Mother
Reference

1988
Fletcher, ChristopherChristopher Fletcher
Fletcher, TomTom Fletcher
Fletcher, PippaPippa Fletcher

1988
Mackenzie, MarthaMartha Mackenzie
Macklin, BrettBrett Macklin
Stewart, RooRoo Stewart
[1]

1989
Stewart, DuncanDuncan Stewart
Stewart, AlfAlf Stewart
Stewart, AilsaAilsa Stewart
[1]

1992
Simpson, TamaraTamara Simpson
Croft, DavidDavid Croft
Simpson, SophieSophie Simpson
[1]

1993
Ross, DaleDale Ross
Ross, MichaelMichael Ross
Ross, PippaPippa Ross
[1]

1996
Parrish, ShaneShane Parrish
Parrish, ShaneShane Parrish
Parrish, AngelAngel Parrish
[1]

1997
Roberts, PaulPaul Roberts
Michaels, BarryBarry Michaels
Roberts, IreneIrene Roberts (surrogate for Finlay Roberts)
[1]

1998
Fraser Richards, OliviaOlivia Fraser Richards
Fraser, LachlanLachlan Fraser
Richards, ChloeChloe Richards
[1]

1999
Fisher, ByronByron Fisher
Fisher, DonaldDonald Fisher
Chambers, MarilynMarilyn Chambers
[2]

2000
King, BellaBella King
, WarrenWarren
King, SandySandy King
[3]

2000
Nash, ConnorConnor Nash
Tanner, GlenGlen Tanner
Nash, NatalieNatalie Nash

2001
Smith, LilyLily Smith
Smith, WillWill Smith
Nash, GypsyGypsy Nash
[4]

2001
Patterson, VJVJ Patterson
Patterson, VinnieVinnie Patterson
Patterson-Baker, LeahLeah Patterson-Baker
[4]

2003
Simpson, DavidDavid Simpson
Dean, BlakeBlake Dean
Simpson, SophieSophie Simpson

2004
Saunders, PippaPippa Saunders
Saunders, FlynnFlynn Saunders
Fletcher, SallySally Fletcher
[4]

2005
Smith, NoahNoah Smith
Hunter, ScottScott Hunter
Lawson, HayleyHayley Lawson
[5]

2006
Hunter, EllaElla Hunter
Hunter, RobbieRobbie Hunter
Hunter, TashaTasha Hunter
[6]

2006
Morton, JoeJoe Morton
Braeburn, SteveSteve Braeburn
Morton, LeeLee Morton
[7]

2007
Hunter, ArchieArchie Hunter
Hyde, KimKim Hyde
Hunter, KitKit Hunter
[8]

2009
Holden, HarryHarry Holden
Holden, TonyTony Holden
Armstrong, RachelRachel Armstrong
[9]

2011
Franklin, GeorgeGeorge Franklin
Graham, PennPenn Graham
Franklin, NicoleNicole Franklin
[10]

2012
Scott-Braxton, RoccoRocco Scott-Braxton
Braxton, HeathHeath Braxton
Scott, BiancaBianca Scott
[11]

2014
, Harley BraxtonHarley Braxton
Braxton, HeathHeath Braxton
Lockwood, JessJess Lockwood
[12]

2015
Braxton, CaseyCasey Braxton
Braxton, DarrylDarryl Braxton
Sharpe, RickyRicky Sharpe
[13]

2017
Patterson, LucLuc Patterson
Jennings, MickMick Jennings
Ashford, BillieBillie Ashford
[14]

tag: table

text: Marriages[edit]

text:
Year
Husband
Wife
Reference

1988
Stewart, AlfAlf Stewart
Hogan, AilsaAilsa Hogan
[1]

1989
Morgan, FrankFrank Morgan
Simpson, BobbyBobby Simpson
[1]

1990
Lucini, BenBen Lucini
Morris, CarlyCarly Morris
[1]

1991
Ross, MichaelMichael Ross
Fletcher, PippaPippa Fletcher
[1]

1992
Marshall, GregGreg Marshall
Simpson, BobbyBobby Simpson
[1]

1995
Parrish, ShaneShane Parrish
Brooks, AngelAngel Brooks
[1]

1996
Fisher, DonaldDonald Fisher
Chambers, MarilynMarilyn Chambers
[1]

1997
Nash, TravisTravis Nash
Fisher, RebeccaRebecca Fisher
[1]

1999
Fraser, JamesJames Fraser
Richards, ChloeChloe Richards
[4]

2001
Patterson, VinnieVinnie Patterson
Poulos, LeahLeah Poulos
[4]

2002
Smith, WillWill Smith
Nash, GypsyGypsy Nash
[4]

2003
Saunders, FlynnFlynn Saunders
Fletcher, SallySally Fletcher
[4]

2004
Sutherland, RhysRhys Sutherland
Hunter, BethBeth Hunter
[15]

2004
Phillips, KaneKane Phillips
Sutherland, KirstyKirsty Sutherland
[15]

2004
Lawson, NoahNoah Lawson
Smith, HayleyHayley Smith
[4]

2005
Baker, DanDan Baker
Patterson, LeahLeah Patterson
[4]

2005
Walters, GrahamGraham Walters
Vale, AmandaAmanda Vale
[15]

2006
Hunter, RobbieRobbie Hunter
Andrews, TashaTasha Andrews
[4]

2006
Holden, JackJack Holden
Mackenzie, MarthaMartha Mackenzie
[4]

2006
Armstrong, BradBrad Armstrong
Vincent, EmilyEmily Vincent
[4]

2006
Hyde, KimKim Hyde
Armstrong, RachelRachel Armstrong
[4]

2007
Baker, PeterPeter Baker
Vale, AmandaAmanda Vale
[16]

2007
Holden, JackJack Holden
Tolhurst, SamSam Tolhurst
[17]

2008
Buckton, RossRoss Buckton
Bellingham, MoragMorag Bellingham
[18]

2008
Holden, JackJack Holden
Mackenzie, MarthaMartha Mackenzie
[19]

2009
Holden, TonyTony Holden
Armstrong, RachelRachel Armstrong
[20]

2009
Jefferies, AdenAden Jefferies
Taylor, BelleBelle Taylor
[21]

2010
Palmer, JohnJohn Palmer
Austin, GinaGina Austin
[22]

2011
Smith, RomeoRomeo Smith
Walker, IndigoIndigo Walker
[23]

2012
Murphy, LiamLiam Murphy
Scott, BiancaBianca Scott
[24]

2012
Ryan, HarveyHarvey Ryan
Stewart, RooRoo Stewart
[25]

2013
Braxton, HeathHeath Braxton
Scott, BiancaBianca Scott
[26]

2013
Walker, DexterDexter Walker
Scott, AprilApril Scott
[26]

2014
Palmer, JohnJohn Palmer
Chambers, MarilynMarilyn Chambers
[27]

2015
MacGuire, ZacZac MacGuire
Patterson-Baker, LeahLeah Patterson-Baker
[28]

2016
Cooper, NateNate Cooper
Sharpe, RickyRicky Sharpe
[29]

text: Deaths[edit]

text:
Year
Character
Cause of death
Reference

1988
Barlow, KerryKerry Barlow
Shot

1988
Fisher, AlanAlan Fisher
Brain haemorrhage
[30]

1988
Samuels, GaryGary Samuels
Jumped off a cliff

1989
Matheson, PhilipPhilip Matheson
Fire
[31]

1989
Heywood, RoryRory Heywood
Shark attack
[30]

1990
Fletcher, TomTom Fletcher
Heart attack
[1]

1991
Gibson, AlecAlec Gibson
Heart attack

1991
Croft, DavidDavid Croft
Car accident
[32]

1992
Bowman, MegMeg Bowman
Leukaemia
[1]

1993
Ross, DaleDale Ross
Sudden infant death syndrome
[1]

1993
Simpson, BobbyBobby Simpson
Boating accident
[1]

1995
Bonnetti, LauraLaura Bonnetti
Hit by a train
[1]

1995
Clarke, ElizabethElizabeth Clarke
Terminal illness

1995
Roberts, MurdochMurdoch Roberts
Murdered
[30]

1995
, RickRick
Car crash

1996
Parrish, ShaneShane Parrish
Septicaemia
[32]

1996
McPhee, NevilleNeville McPhee
Heart failure

1996
Moss, PeterPeter Moss
Car accident

1996
Ross, MichaelMichael Ross
Drowned
[1]

1996
Parker, ColinColin Parker
Shot

1997
Mboto, StephanieStephanie Mboto
Fall
[1]

1997
Barnes, CathrynCathryn Barnes
Car crash

1997
Bennett, SaulSaul Bennett
Shot
[30]

1998
Burton, KylieKylie Burton
Drug overdose
[4]

1999
Matthews, BrianBrian Matthews
Fall

1999
Collins, RubyRuby Collins
Beaten

1999
Fisher, ByronByron Fisher
Cancer
[4]

2000
Nicholas, CharlieCharlie Nicholas
Car accident

2000
Smith, KenKen Smith
Crushed
[4]

2000
Campbell, AliciaAlicia Campbell
Fall

2000
Campbell, GavinGavin Campbell
Mudslide
[4]

2000
Stewart, AilsaAilsa Stewart
Heart attack
[4]

2001
Miller, AnnaAnna Miller
Cancer
[4]

2001
Alcott, MilesMiles Alcott
Car crash
[4]

2002
Adams, CharlotteCharlotte Adams
Drowned
[4]

2002
, GriggGrigg
Found dead

2003
Russell, AngieAngie Russell
Murdered
[4]

2003
, TroyTroy
Drug overdose

2003
Owen, MattMatt Owen
Motorbike accident

2003
Lennox, EloiseEloise Lennox
Leukaemia

2004
Campbell, SueSue Campbell
Murdered

2004
Walters, FelixFelix Walters
Crystal Meth overdose
[4]

2004
Lawson, NoahNoah Lawson
Shot
[32]

2004
Lewis, SarahSarah Lewis
Shot herself
[4]

2004
Standish, VivViv Standish
Heart failure

2005
McCallister, ZoeZoe McCallister
Murdered

2005
Barron, BennyBenny Barron
Sea plane crash

2005
Edwards, MarcMarc Edwards
Blow to the head

2005
McPhearson, LauraLaura McPhearson
Explosion

2005
Foxton, JoyJoy Foxton
Stroke

2005
Wallace, JimJim Wallace
Found dead

2005
Richards, ChloeChloe Richards
Embolism
[4]

2005
Simms, LeoLeo Simms
Hit his head

2005
Free, AlisonAlison Free
Car crash

2006
Saunders, FlynnFlynn Saunders
Skin cancer
[4]

2006
Walters, GrahamGraham Walters
Heart attack
[4]

2006
West, JoshJosh West
Shot
[4]

2006
McKinnon, DorisDoris McKinnon
Morphine overdose

2006
Jacobsen, EveEve Jacobsen
Injuries from barn explosion

2006
Thompson, TraceyTracey Thompson
Injuries from barn explosion

2006
Armstrong, ElaineElaine Armstrong
Injuries from barn explosion

2006
Armstrong, EmilyEmily Armstrong
Cancer
[4]

2006
Gillen, DennisDennis Gillen
Shot

2006
Woods, TomTom Woods
Murdered

2007
Cooper, RoccoRocco Cooper
Beaten
[33]

2007
Dale, ClydeClyde Dale
Head injury

2007
Hunter, BethBeth Hunter
Car crash
[4]

2007
Deeks, ShaneShane Deeks
Car crash

2007
Duffy, LisaLisa Duffy
Head injury
[4]

2007
Marshall, ColinColin Marshall
Shot

2007
Campbell, BruceBruce Campbell
Heart attack
[4]

2008
Hall, JohnJohn Hall
Brain Tumour

2008
Cooper, JohnnyJohnny Cooper
Murdered

2008
Holden, SamSam Holden
Heroin overdose
[34]

2008
Hay, AxelAxel Hay
Hit and run
[35]

2008
Clay, ArthurArthur Clay
Stroke

2008
Morton, JoeJoe Morton
Bone cancer

2008
Nobbes, EricEric Nobbes
Murdered

2009
Holden, JackJack Holden
Shot
[36]

2009
Long, AudreyAudrey Long
Stroke
[37]

2009
De Bono, LouLou De Bono
Shot and drowned
[38]

2009
Taylor, BelleBelle Taylor
Cancer
[39]

2009
Bledcoe, GrantGrant Bledcoe
Stabbed
[40]

2010
Doven, HayleyHayley Doven
Post-partum haemorrhage
[41]

2010
Fraser, MitzyMitzy Fraser
Stroke
[42]

2010
Graham, PennPenn Graham
Stabbed
[43]

2011
Manthenga, ThaboThabo Manthenga
VT arrest
[44]

2011
Callahan, TeganTegan Callahan
Car accident
[45]

2011
, HammerHammer
Shot
[46]

2012
Buckton, CharlieCharlie Buckton
Shot twice
[47]

2012
Henderson, StuStu Henderson
Head injury
[48]

2012
James, LizLiz James
Chronic illness
[49]

2012
Braxton, DannyDanny Braxton
Shot
[50]

2012
Scott-Braxton, RoccoRocco Scott-Braxton
Sudden infant death syndrome
[51]

2013
Austin, GinaGina Austin
Aneurysm
[52]

2014
MacGuire, EthanEthan MacGuire
Injuries from bomb explosion
[53]

2014
Braxton, CaseyCasey Braxton
Shot by Jake Pirovic
[54]

2014
Pirovic, JakeJake Pirovic
Life support turned off by Andy Barrett
[55]

2014
Sanderson, DeanDean Sanderson
Murdered
[56]

2015
Knight, TomTom Knight
Heart failure
[57]

2015
Miller, DennyDenny Miller
Head injury
[58]

2015
Powell, TrystanTrystan Powell
Struck by a car
[59]

2015
King, CharlotteCharlotte King
Shot by Josh Barrett
[60]

2016
MacGuire, OscarOscar MacGuire
Crush injury
[61]

2016
Wilson, HannahHannah Wilson
Head injury
[62]

2016
Decker, AtticusAtticus Decker
Shot
[63]

2017
Ashford, BillieBillie Ashford
Cancer
[64]

2017
Ellis, BethBeth Ellis
Sudden fatal arrhythmia
[65]

2017
Novak, DennisDennis Novak
Shot
[66]

2017
Chapman, KatarinaKatarina Chapman
Car accident
[67]


document_title: House finch

question_text: how long do finch eggs take to hatch

question_tokens: how long do finch eggs take to hatch

text: House finch

text: Description[edit]

text: This is a moderately-sized finch. Adult birds are 12.5 to 15 cm (4.9 to 5.9 in) and span 20 to 25 cm (7.9 to 9.8 in). Body mass can vary from 16 to 27 g (0.56 to 0.95 oz), with an average weight of 21 g (0.74 oz). Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 7 to 8.4 cm (2.8 to 3.3 in), the tail is 5.7 to 6.5 cm (2.2 to 2.6 in), the culmen is 0.9 to 1.1 cm (0.35 to 0.43 in) and the tarsus is 1.6 to 1.8 cm (0.63 to 0.71 in).[2] Adults have a long, square-tipped brown tail and are a brown or dull-brown color across the back with some shading into deep gray on the wing feathers. Breast and belly feathers may be streaked; the flanks usually are. In most cases, adult males' heads, necks and shoulders are reddish.[3][4] This color sometimes extends to the belly and down the back, between the wings. Male coloration varies in intensity with the seasons[5] and is derived from the berries and fruits in its diet.[6] As a result, the colors range from pale straw-yellow through bright orange (both rare) to deep, intense red. Adult females have brown upperparts and streaked underparts.

tag: p

text: Their song is a rapid, cheery warble or a variety of chirps.[citation needed]

text: Taxonomy[edit]

text: This bird belongs to the genus Haemorhous, together with the purple finch and Cassin's finch. These three species are not closely related to the Old World Carpodacus rosefinches.[7][8]

text: Range and habitat[edit]

text: These birds are mainly permanent residents throughout their range; some northern and eastern birds migrate south.[9] Their breeding habitat is urban and suburban areas across North America, as well as various semi-open areas in the west from southern Canada to the Mexican state of Oaxaca; the population in central Chiapas may be descended from escaped cagebirds.[4]

text: Originally only a resident of Mexico and the southwestern United States, they were introduced to eastern North America in the 1940s. The birds were sold illegally in New York City[6] as "Hollywood Finches", a marketing artifice.[5] To avoid prosecution under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918, vendors and owners released the birds. They have since become naturalized; in largely unforested land across the eastern U.S., they have displaced the native purple finch and even the non-native house sparrow.[10] In 1870, or before, they were introduced to Hawaii and are now abundant on all its major islands.[11]

text: There are estimated to be anywhere from 267 million to 1.7 billion individuals across North America.[6]

text:
Range increase of house finch from Christmas Bird Count data

1958–1961

1968–1971

1978–1981

1988–1990

text: Feeding[edit]

text: House finches forage on the ground or in vegetation normally. They primarily eat grains, seeds and berries, being voracious consumers of weed seeds such as nettle and dandelion; included are incidental small insects such as aphids. They are frequent visitors to bird feeders throughout the year, particularly if stocked with sunflower or nyjer seed, and will congregate at hanging nyjer sock feeders. The house finch is known to damage orchard fruit and consume commercially grown grain but is generally not considered a significant pest but rather an annoyance.[12]

text: Breeding[edit]

text: Nests are made in cavities, including openings in buildings, hanging plants, and other cup-shaped outdoor decorations. Sometimes nests abandoned by other birds are used. Nests may be re-used for subsequent broods or in following years. The nest is built by the female, sometimes in as little as two days.[13] It is well made of twigs and debris, forming a cup shape, usually 1.8 to 2.7 m (5.9 to 8.9 ft) above the ground.[13]

text: During courtship, the male will touch bills with the female. He may then present the female with choice bits of food, and if she mimics the behavior of a hungry chick, he may actually feed her. The male also feeds the female during the breeding and incubation of both eggs and young,[14] and the male is the primary feeder of the fledgelings (who can be differentiated from the females by the pin feathers remaining on their heads). Females are typically attracted to the males with the deepest pigment of red to their head, more so than the occasional orange or yellowish-headed males that sometimes occur.[6]

text: The female lays clutches of eggs from February through August, two or more broods per year with 2 to 6 eggs per brood, most commonly 4 or 5. The egg laying usually takes place in the morning, at the rate of one egg per day.[14] The eggs are a pale bluish green with few black spots and a smooth, somewhat glossy surface. In response to mite infestation, which has a more deleterious effect on male chicks than on females, the mother finch may lay eggs containing females first, in order to reduce the length of time male chicks are exposed to mites. This strategy increases the liklihood that representative numbers of both sexes will survive.[15] The female incubates the eggs for 12 to 14 days. Shortly after hatching, she removes the empty eggshells from the nest.[16][17] The hatchlings are pink with closed eyes and tufts of fluffy down.[18] The female always feeds the young, and the male usually joins in.[14] The young are silent for the first seven or eight days, and subsequently start peeping during feedings.[13] Initially, the mother carries fecal sacs out of the nest, but when the young become older, she no longer carries them all away, allowing droppings to accumulate around the edge of the nest.[13] Before flying, the young often climb into adjacent plants, and usually fledge at about 11 to 19 days after hatching.[13] Dandelion seeds are among the preferred seeds fed to the young.[16] Most birds, even ones with herbivorous leanings as adults, tend to feed their nestlings animal matter in order to give them the protein necessary to grow. House finches are one of the few birds who feed their young only plant matter.[6]

text: House finches are aggressive enough to drive other birds away from places such as feeders.[19]

text: Parasites[edit]

text: The house finch may be infected by a number of parasites including Plasmodium relictum[20] and Mycoplasma gallisepticum, which caused the population of house finches in eastern North America to crash during the 1990s.[21]

text: The mite Pellonyssus reedi is often found on house finch nestlings, particularly for nests later in the season.[22]

text: The brown-headed cowbird, a brood parasite, will lay its eggs in house finch nests, although the diet house finches feed their young is inadequate for the young cowbirds, which rarely survive.[23]


document_title: List of states and union territories of India by population

question_text: which is the smallest state of india by population

text: Census of India[edit]

text: The first population census in British India was conducted in 1872. Since India's independence in 1947, a census has been conducted every 10 years, the first occurring in 1951.[4] The census in India is conducted by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.[5]

text: The latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India.[6] During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population growth rate has slowed down from 2.15 percent to 1.76 percent.[6] Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli have the fastest growth rate of 55.5 percent, followed by Daman and Diu (53.5 percent), Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.[7]

text: India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas.[7] Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more.[2] India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.[8] In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused rapid increase in urban population.[9][10] On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, Maharashtra had most immigration with 2.3 million, followed by National Capital Territory of Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million). Uttar Pradesh (−2.6 million) and Bihar (−1.7 million) topped the list for interstate emigration.[11] The five states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Madhya Pradesh account for almost half (47.90 percent) of the total Indian population.[6]

text: While the national average for sex ratio shows an increase from 933 in 2001 to 940 in 2011,[6] the 2011 census shows a sharp decline in child sex ratio, the number of females per thousand males in a population between age group 0–6 years.[6] States such as Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Mizoram and Andaman and Nicobar Islands recorded an increase in child sex ratio.[6] National child sex ratio has declined from 927 in 2001 to 914 in 2011.[6] Telangana census was separated from Andhra Pradesh state census figures, after Telangana formally took birth on 2 June 2014.[12]

text: States and union territories (by population)[edit]

text: The total geographical area of India is 3,287,240 square kilometres (1,269,210 sq mi)α.[2] Population density is rounded to the nearest integer.

text: As per provisional census data of 2011, the total population of India is: 1,210,193,422.[6]

text:
Rank

State or union territory

Population (2011 Census)[13] (% of population of India)[14]

Decadal growth (2001–2011)

Rural pop.[15]  (%)

Urban pop.[15]  (%)

Area[16]

Density

Sex ratio

1

Uttar Pradesh

7008199812341000000♠199,812,341(16.49%)

20.1%

7008155111022000000♠155,111,022  (77.72%)

7007444704550000000♠44,470,455  (22.28%)

7011240928000000000♠240,928 km2 (93,023 sq mi)

6996828000000000000♠828/km2 (2,140/sq mi)

908

2

Maharashtra

7008112372972000000♠112,372,972(9.28%)

16.0%

7007615454410000000♠61,545,441  (54.77%)

7007508275310000000♠50,827,531  (45.23%)

7011307713000000000♠307,713 km2 (118,809 sq mi)

6996365000000000000♠365/km2 (950/sq mi)

946

3

Bihar

7008103804637000000♠103,804,637(8.58%)

25.1%

7007920750280000000♠92,075,028  (88.70%)

7007117296090000000♠11,729,609  (11.30%)

7010941630000000000♠94,163 km2 (36,357 sq mi)

6997110199999999999♠1,102/km2 (2,850/sq mi)

916

4

West Bengal

7007913477360000000♠91,347,736(7.55%)

13.9%

7007622136760000000♠62,213,676  (68.11%)

7007291340600000000♠29,134,060  (31.89%)

7010887520000000000♠88,752 km2 (34,267 sq mi)

6997102900000000000♠1,029/km2 (2,670/sq mi)

947

5

Madhya Pradesh

7007725975650000000♠72,597,565(6.00%)

20.3%

7007525378990000000♠52,537,899  (72.37%)

7007200596660000000♠20,059,666  (27.63%)

7011308245000000000♠308,245 km2 (119,014 sq mi)

6996236000000000000♠236/km2 (610/sq mi)

931

6

Tamil Nadu

7007721389580000000♠72,138,958(5.96%)

15.6%

7007371892290000000♠37,189,229  (51.55%)

7007349497290000000♠34,949,729  (48.45%)

7011130058000000000♠130,058 km2 (50,216 sq mi)

6996554999999999999♠555/km2 (1,440/sq mi)

995

7

Rajasthan

7007686210120000000♠68,621,012(5.67%)

21.4%

7007515402360000000♠51,540,236  (75.11%)

7007170807760000000♠17,080,776  (24.89%)

7011342239000000000♠342,239 km2 (132,139 sq mi)

6996200999999999999♠201/km2 (520/sq mi)

926

8

Karnataka

7007611307040000000♠61,130,704(5.05%)

15.7%

7007375525290000000♠37,552,529  (61.43%)

7007235781750000000♠23,578,175  (38.57%)

7011191791000000000♠191,791 km2 (74,051 sq mi)

6996319000000000000♠319/km2 (830/sq mi)

968

9

Gujarat

7007603836280000000♠60,383,628(5.00%)

19.2%

7007346708170000000♠34,670,817  (57.42%)

7007257128110000000♠25,712,811  (42.58%)

7011196024000000000♠196,024 km2 (75,685 sq mi)

6996308000000000000♠308/km2 (800/sq mi)

918

10

Andhra Pradesh

7007493867990000000♠49,386,799 (4.08%)

11.1%

7007347763890000000♠34,776,389  (70.42%)

7007146104100000000♠14,610,410  (29.58%)

7011162968000000000♠162,968 km2 (62,922 sq mi)

6996303000000000000♠303/km2 (780/sq mi)

993

11

Odisha

7007419473580000000♠41,947,358(3.47%)

14.0%

7007349512340000000♠34,951,234  (83.32%)

7006699612400000000♠6,996,124  (16.68%)

7011155707000000000♠155,707 km2 (60,119 sq mi)

6996268999999999999♠269/km2 (700/sq mi)

978

12

Telangana

7007352867570000000♠35,286,757(2.97%)

17.87%

7007215853130000000♠21,585,313  (61.33%)

7007136086650000000♠13,608,665  (38.66%)

7011114840000000000♠114,840 km2 (44,340 sq mi)

6996307000000000000♠307/km2 (800/sq mi)

988

13

Kerala

7007333876770000000♠33,387,677(2.76%)

4.9%

7007174455060000000♠17,445,506  (52.28%)

7007159321710000000♠15,932,171  (47.72%)

7010388630000000000♠38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi)

6996859000000000000♠859/km2 (2,220/sq mi)

1,084

14

Jharkhand

7007329881340000000♠32,988,134(2.72%)

22.3%

7007250369460000000♠25,036,946  (75.95%)

7006792929200000000♠7,929,292  (24.05%)

7010797140000000000♠79,714 km2 (30,778 sq mi)

6996414000000000000♠414/km2 (1,070/sq mi)

947

15

Assam

7007311692720000000♠31,169,272(2.58%)

16.9%

7007267805260000000♠26,780,526  (85.92%)

7006438875600000000♠4,388,756  (14.08%)

7010784380000000000♠78,438 km2 (30,285 sq mi)

6996397000000000000♠397/km2 (1,030/sq mi)

954

16

Punjab

7007277042360000000♠27,704,236(2.30%)

13.7%

7007173168000000000♠17,316,800  (62.51%)

7007103874360000000♠10,387,436  (37.49%)

7010503620000000000♠50,362 km2 (19,445 sq mi)

6996549999999999999♠550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)

893

17

Chhattisgarh

7007255401960000000♠25,540,196(2.11%)

22.6%

7007196036580000000♠19,603,658  (76.76%)

7006593653800000000♠5,936,538  (23.24%)

7011135191000000000♠135,191 km2 (52,198 sq mi)

6996189000000000000♠189/km2 (490/sq mi)

991

18

Haryana

7007253530810000000♠25,353,081(2.09%)

19.9%

7007165314930000000♠16,531,493  (75.75%)

7006882158800000000♠8,821,588  (24.25%)

7010442120000000000♠44,212 km2 (17,070 sq mi)

6996573000000000000♠573/km2 (1,480/sq mi)

877

19

Jammu and Kashmir

7007125489260000000♠12,548,926(1.04%)

23.7%

7006913482000000000♠9,134,820  (72.79%)

7006341410600000000♠3,414,106  (27.21%)

7011222236000000000♠222,236 km2 (85,806 sq mi)

6995570000000000000♠57/km2 (150/sq mi)

883

20

Uttarakhand

7007101167520000000♠10,116,752(0.84%)

19.2%

7006702558300000000♠7,025,583  (69.45%)

7006309116900000000♠3,091,169  (30.55%)

7010534830000000000♠53,483 km2 (20,650 sq mi)

6996189000000000000♠189/km2 (490/sq mi)

963

21

Himachal Pradesh

7006686460200000000♠6,864,602(0.57%)

12.8%

7006616780500000000♠6,167,805  (89.96%)

7005688704000000000♠688,704  (10.04%)

7010556730000000000♠55,673 km2 (21,495 sq mi)

6996122999999999999♠123/km2 (320/sq mi)

974

22

Tripura

7006367103200000000♠3,671,032(0.30%)

14.7%

7006271005100000000♠2,710,051  (73.82%)

7005960981000000000♠960,981  (26.18%)

7010104860000000000♠10,486 km2 (4,049 sq mi)

6996350000000000000♠350/km2 (910/sq mi)

961

23

Meghalaya

7006296400700000000♠2,964,007(0.24%)

27.8%

7006236897100000000♠2,368,971  (79.92%)

7005595036000000000♠595,036  (20.08%)

7010224290000000000♠22,429 km2 (8,660 sq mi)

6996131999999999999♠132/km2 (340/sq mi)

986

24

Manipurβ

7006272175600000000♠2,721,756(0.22%)

18.7%

7006189962400000000♠1,899,624  (79.79%)

7005822132000000000♠822,132  (20.21%)

7010223270000000000♠22,327 km2 (8,621 sq mi)

6996122000000000000♠122/km2 (320/sq mi)

987

25

Nagaland

7006198060200000000♠1,980,602(0.16%)

-0.5%

7006140686100000000♠1,406,861  (71.03%)

7005573741000000000♠573,741  (28.97%)

7010165790000000000♠16,579 km2 (6,401 sq mi)

6996119000000000000♠119/km2 (310/sq mi)

931

26

Goa

7006145772300000000♠1,457,723(0.12%)

8.2%

7005551414000000000♠551,414  (37.83%)

7005906309000000000♠906,309  (62.17%)

7009370200000000000♠3,702 km2 (1,429 sq mi)

6996394000000000000♠394/km2 (1,020/sq mi)

968

27

Arunachal Pradesh

7006138261100000000♠1,382,611(0.11%)

25.9%

7006106916500000000♠1,069,165  (77.33%)

7005313446000000000♠313,446  (22.67%)

7010837430000000000♠83,743 km2 (32,333 sq mi)

6995170000000000000♠17/km2 (44/sq mi)

920

28

Mizoram

7006109101400000000♠1,091,014(0.09%)

22.8%

7005529037000000000♠529,037  (48.49%)

7005561997000000000♠561,997  (51.51%)

7010210810000000000♠21,081 km2 (8,139 sq mi)

6995519999999999999♠52/km2 (130/sq mi)

975

29

Sikkim

7005607688000000000♠607,688(0.05%)

12.4%

7005455962000000000♠455,962  (75.03%)

7005151726000000000♠151,726  (24.97%)

7009709600000000000♠7,096 km2 (2,740 sq mi)

6995859999999999999♠86/km2 (220/sq mi)

889

NCT

Delhi

7007167879410000000♠16,787,941(1.38%)

21%

7005419319000000000♠419,319  (2.50%)

7007163339160000000♠16,333,916  (97.50%)

7009148400000000000♠1,484 km2 (573 sq mi)

6998112970000000000♠11,297/km2 (29,260/sq mi)

866

UT1

Puducherry

7006124446400000000♠1,244,464(0.10%)

27.7%

7005394341000000000♠394,341  (31.69%)

7005850123000000000♠850,123  (68.31%)

7008479000000000000♠479 km2 (185 sq mi)

6997259800000000000♠2,598/km2 (6,730/sq mi)

1,038

UT2

Chandigarh

7006105545000000000♠1,055,450(0.09%)

17.1%

7004290040000000000♠29,004  (2.75%)

7006102568200000000♠1,025,682  (97.25%)

7008114000000000000♠114 km2 (44 sq mi)

6997925200000000000♠9,252/km2 (23,960/sq mi)

818

UT3

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

7005379944000000000♠379,944(0.03%)

6.7%

7005244411000000000♠244,411  (64.33%)

7005135533000000000♠135,533  (35.67%)

7009824900000000000♠8,249 km2 (3,185 sq mi)

6995460000000000000♠46/km2 (120/sq mi)

878

UT4

Dadra and Nagar Haveli

7005342853000000000♠342,853(0.03%)

55.5%

7005183024000000000♠183,024  (53.38%)

7005159829000000000♠159,829  (46.62%)

7008491000000000000♠491 km2 (190 sq mi)

6996698000000000000♠698/km2 (1,810/sq mi)

775

UT5

Daman and Diu

7005242911000000000♠242,911(0.02%)

53.5%

7004603310000000000♠60,331  (24.84%)

7005182580000000000♠182,580  (75.16%)

7008112000000000000♠112 km2 (43 sq mi)

6997216900000000000♠2,169/km2 (5,620/sq mi)

618

UT6

Lakshadweep

7004644290000000000♠64,429(0.01%)

6.2%

7004141210000000000♠14,121  (21.92%)

7004503080000000000♠50,308  (78.08%)

7007320000000000000♠32 km2 (12 sq mi)

6997201300000000000♠2,013/km2 (5,210/sq mi)

946

Total

India

1,210,193,422(100%)

17.64%

833,087,662  (68.84%)

377,105,760  (31.16%)

3,287,240 km2 (1,269,210 sq mi)

382/km2 (990/sq mi)

943

text: Notes[edit]

text:
For determining population density of India and the State of Jammu and Kashmir, the data excludes areas claimed by India but controlled by Pakistan (78,114 km2) and China (42,735 km2).[17][18]
This includes 120,849 square kilometres (46,660 sq mi) of territory controlled by Pakistan, but claimed by India along with Aksai Chin and Shaksgam Valley, territories administered by the People's Republic of China.
^β  Excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata, and Purul sub-divisions of Senapati district of Manipur.

tag: ul


document_title: Shani (TV series)

question_text: who is neelima in shani dev's life

question_tokens: who is neelima in shani dev 's life

text: Shani (TV series)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The story of the series is based on the life of God Shani, who is known for his wrath. The serial will also depict the deities Vishnu and Shiva as Shani's mentors. It also shows how tough Shani's childhood appeared [2]

text: Story[edit]

text: Birth[edit]

text: When there is a battle between the gods and the demons, Mahadev appears and reveals that soon the god of karmaphal is going to take birth.

text: Meanwhile, Sanghya, the wife of Surya cannot bear Surya's heat. She visits her father Vishwakarma and she steals a potion which makes her shadow(Chayya) come to life.

text: Chayya gives birth to Shani but Surya does not accept Shani as his son. He tells Chayya that Shani should not be in his sunrays. So Chayya takes Shani to a forest where she names him as shani.

text: The show then covers the different incidents of Lord Shani's life,unfolding each chapter from Shrapit yoga to Karmfal data Shani and to Dandnayak Shani.The show focuses on removing the misunderstanding about lord Shani. Its currently showing the last story of his childhood about his sister Bhadra.

text: Shiva and Vakra Drishti[edit]

text: After Shani's mother Chayya had vanished Shani became sad and heartbroken meets Rahu who starts controlling Shani's mind, Shani in anger of his mother's death starts fighting the Devas. Mahadev sends Nandi to bring Shani to him but Shani defeats him in a war, Shiv becomes very angry and sends Veerbhadra to bring Shani dead or alive. But Shani defeats him too. After this a confrontation takes place between Shiva and Shani. Shiva removes all the negativity from Shani's mind and rahu's effects and tells him that he is born to be the Lord of the deeds and gives him the Vakra Drishti(the eyesight of justice).

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Kartikey Malviya as young Shani
Devish Ahuja as Yamraj
Salil Ankola as Suryadev[3]
Juhi Parmar as Chhaya/Sangya or Saranyu
Keeranbikash Patra as Vishnu[4]
Tarun Khanna as Shiva
Vibha Anand as Goddess Mahakali[5]
Amar Deep Garg as Brahma
Mohan Sharma as Ganesha
Krish Chauhan as Hanuman
Kunal Bakshi as Indra
Tinu Verma as Shukracharya[6]
Gufi Paintal as Vishwakarma
Drisha Kalyani as Yami or Yamuna
Praneet Sharma as Kakol
Vijay Badlani as Narada
Zohaib Siddiqui as Rahu
Raj Singh as Chandra
Vishal Nayak as Pawan Dev
Patrali Chattopadhyay as Mohini
Jannat Zubair Rahmani as Neelima or Shani's Power or Shanipriya
Snigdha Akolkar as Mata Anjani
Kanan Malhotra as Raja Harishchandra
Shweta Vyas as Lakshmi
Sudha Chandran as Simhika Rahu's mother
Nimai Bali as Sage Vishwamitra
Nitanshi Goel as Bhadra (Shani's sister)


document_title: American Horror Story: Apocalypse

question_text: when is american horror story season 8 episode 2

text: American Horror Story: Apocalypse

text: Plot

text: Apocalypse takes place in the West Coast of the United States in the near future. Following a nuclear blast that wipes out the world, Outpost 3, an underground bunker, is constructed in order to shelter specific survivors with strong genetic makeup. Wilhemina Venable (Sarah Paulson) and Miriam Mead (Kathy Bates) both command the bunker, dispensing torture towards those who reside there. People inside consist of hairdresser Mr. Gallant (Evan Peters), his grandmother Evie (Joan Collins), talk show host Dinah Stevens (Adina Porter), her son Andre (Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman), the billionaire Coco St. Pierre Vanderbilt (Leslie Grossman), her assistant Mallory (Billie Lourd), and couple Timothy Campbell (Kyle Allen) and Emily (Ash Santos), all of which face the wrath of the two women. However, Michael Langdon (Cody Fern) arrives and begins to throw the order into chaos as he intends to bring those worthy to a "sanctuary".

text: Furthermore in the season, the arrival of Cordelia Goode, Madison Montgomery (Emma Roberts), Myrtle Snow (Frances Conroy) as well as the return of Zoe Benson (Taissa Farmiga), Queenie (Gabourey Sidibe) and Misty Day (Lily Rabe), provides background of the world before the fateful apocalypse as well as the inclusion of characters from Murder House.

text: Cast and characters

text: Main

text:
Sarah Paulson as Wilhemina Venable, Cordelia Goode, and Billie Dean Howard[3][4][5]
Evan Peters as Mr. Gallant, James Patrick March, and Tate Langdon[6][7][8]
Adina Porter as Dinah Stevens[9][4]
Billie Lourd as Mallory[10][4]
Leslie Grossman as Coco St. Pierre Vanderbilt[9][4]
Cody Fern as Michael Langdon[11]
Emma Roberts as Madison Montgomery[12]
Cheyenne Jackson as John Henry Moore[9]
Kathy Bates as Miriam Mead[6][4][5]

text: Recurring and guest

text:
Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman as Andre Stevens[13][14]
Kyle Allen as Timothy Campbell[13][8]
Ash Santos as Emily[15][8]
Erika Ervin as the Fist[16]
Billy Eichner as Brock[9]
Chad James Buchanan as Stu
Sean Blakemore as a cooperative agent
Lesley Fera as a cooperative agent[17]
Joan Collins as Evie Gallant and Bubbles McGee[18][8]
Frances Conroy as Myrtle Snow and Moira O'Hara[19][20]
Taissa Farmiga as Zoe Benson and Violet Harmon[19][20][7]
Gabourey Sidibe as Queenie[19][21]
Jon Jon Briones as Ariel Augustus[22]
Billy Porter as Behold Chablis[23]
BD Wong as Baldwin Pennypacker[24][25]
Lily Rabe as Misty Day[19][20]
Stevie Nicks as herself[19][20]
Wayne Pére as Mr. Kingery
Dylan McDermott as Dr. Ben Harmon[26][27]
Connie Britton as Vivien Harmon[26][27]
Jessica Lange as Constance Langdon[3]
Carlo Rota as Anton LaVey
Naomi Grossman as Samantha Crowe[28]
Mena Suvari as Elizabeth Short
Sam Kinsey as Beau Langdon
Celia Finkelstein as Gladys
Lance Reddick as Papa Legba
Jamie Brewer as Nan

text: Episodes

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.codeUS viewers(millions)851"The End"Bradley BueckerRyan Murphy & Brad FalchukSeptember 12, 2018 (2018-09-12)8ATS013.08[29]
In the near future, nuclear missiles destroy the world and start a nuclear winter. Thanks to her family's private plane, Coco St. Pierre Vanderbilt manages to escape the destruction of Los Angeles with her assistant Mallory, her hairdresser Mr. Gallant, and his grandmother, Evie. Meanwhile, an organization known as "The Cooperative", selects young adults to save from the apocalypse, based on their genetic makeup. Two of the selected, Timothy and Emily, are sent to Outpost 3, an underground base led by Ms. Venable. There, they are reunited with other survivors, including Coco, Mallory, Mr. Gallant, and Evie. Life at the Outpost includes strict rules and severe punishments. Eighteen months pass and the situation and food supplies are at critical condition at the Outpost. A man from the Cooperative, Michael Langdon, arrives and announces that he will judge who deserves to be truly saved.
862"The Morning After"Jennifer LynchJames WongSeptember 19, 2018 (2018-09-19)8ATS022.21[30]
Langdon introduces himself to the guests of Outpost 3 and explains his duty. He inquires Mr. Gallant about his sexual orientation and his hatred towards his grandmother. Later, the Rubber Man approaches Gallant in his bedroom and Evie catches the two having sex. She reports their insubordination to Ms. Mead. Timothy and Emily discover recent Cooperative e-mails detailing Venable's transgressions against proper Outpost protocol. Gallant refuses to reveal the identity of the Rubber Man to Venable. Gallant assures Langdon that he did not reveal his identity and Langdon asserts that he is not the Rubber Man and that he would never have sex with him. Timothy and Emily cast aspersions on the rules of Outpost 3 and they have sex for the first time. The Rubber Man attempts to seduce Gallant once again and Gallant stabs him with scissors. Langdon appears and Gallant finds himself looking upon his grandmother's bloody corpse. Timothy and Emily are caught in bed and are sentenced to death. Timothy shoots Mead in the stomach and her wound reveals internal wiring and white liquid.
873"Forbidden Fruit"Loni PeristereManny CotoSeptember 26, 2018 (2018-09-26)8ATS031.95[31]
Langdon unveils his true demonic form to Mallory and she makes flames shoot from a fireplace. Venable confides to Mead that she has not been selected to move on to the Sanctuary and Mead suggests they kill everyone. Brock navigates a nuclear wasteland and guns down a cannibalistic tribe. He then beholds a horse-drawn carriage pass by. The carriage delivers apples to Outpost 3 and Venable resolves to inject them with venom. Brock infiltrates Outpost 3 and attends Venable's Halloween masquerade ball. Coco, presuming Brock to be Langdon in costume, seduces him back to her bedroom. Brock then reveals himself to Coco and stabs her in the forehead. The Outpost 3 guests bob for poisonous apples. Venable instructs everyone to wait to eat simultaneously. The guests comply and concurrently succumb to the poison. Venable and Mead confront Langdon and Venable proclaims that they will be making the selections. Mead shoots Venable under order from Langdon. Langdon tells Mead she was modeled after a caregiver from his childhood, which consoles her. Later, Cordelia Goode, Madison Montgomery, and Myrtle Snow descend upon Outpost 3 and Cordelia resurrects Mallory, Dinah, and Coco.
884"Could It Be... Satan?"Sheree FolksonTim MinearOctober 3, 2018 (2018-10-03)8ATS042.02[32]
Three years before the nuclear bomb, the Hawthorne School for Exceptional Young Men seeks out Michael Langdon, who has been arrested for killing a man who insulted the woman Mead is modeled after. He is put to the test and displays tremendous abilities. Miss Robichaux's Academy is summoned for a meeting and Cordelia scoffs at the Grand Chancellor's suspicion that Michael may be the first male Supreme, known as the Alpha. To prove his power, Michael saves Queenie from eternal damnation at the Hotel Cortez and fetches Madison from her personal hell.
895"Boy Wonder"Gwyneth Horder-PaytonJohn J. GrayOctober 10, 2018 (2018-10-10)8ATS052.12[33]
Cordelia has a frightening vision of a destroyed Miss Robichaux's Academy and being attacked by disease-ridden people. Later, she announces that Langdon will take the Seven Wonders, something that she is berated for by Myrtle. Mallory's abilities soon intensify and Cordelia reveals that she is dying and slowly starting to lose her Supremacy. John Henry Moore discovers Langdon's true self but Mead interferes before he can warn anyone and kills him. During the test, Cordelia asks Langdon to bring Misty Day back to life, so he breaks her out of her personal hell. It is revealed that Cordelia has been planning an army against Langdon and used him to resurrect her students. Later, Cordelia asks Madison and a suspicious Behold to investigate Langdon's origins at the Murder House.
906"Return to Murder House"Sarah PaulsonCrystal LiuOctober 17, 2018 (2018-10-17)8ATS062.01[34]
Madison and Behold buy the Murder House on behalf of the Coven, under the pretense that they are a married couple. They cast a spell to force the spirits of the house to appear to them. They encounter the ghost of Constance Langdon, who agrees to provide information on her grandson Michael if they banish her old nemesis, Moira O'Hara, from the house. Madison and Behold exhume Moira's bones, and bury them with her mother's; Moira is then set free from the house. Constance tells them that she sensed an evil in Michael from very early on. In his youth, he began killing animals, and then his babysitter. After Michael ages ten years overnight, Constance enlists the help of a Catholic priest, whom Michael kills. Constance, out of hopelessness, commits suicide in the Murder House, where she is reunited with Tate, Beauregard, and her fourth child, a little girl with no eyes. Madison and Behold then interview Ben and Vivien Harmon, who further reveal the evil in Michael's soul. Vivien tells them that Michael's father is neither Ben nor Tate, but the evil of the Murder House. Before leaving with Behold, Madison reunites Tate and Violet.
917"Traitor"Jennifer LynchAdam PennOctober 24, 2018 (2018-10-24)8ATS071.85[35]
With the help of voodoo queen Dinah Stevens, Cordelia arranges a meeting with Papa Legba in an attempt to prevent Langdon's plans. Legba reveals that he owns Nan's soul, and agrees to help entrap Langdon under the condition that Cordelia give him the souls of the remaining girls. Cordelia refuses, and Legba disappears. In order to learn more about the warlocks and their plans, Madison enlists the help of Myrtle's long time friend, witch-actress Bubbles McGee, who specialises in reading the thoughts and souls of others. At a dinner party held by Myrtle, Bubbles discovers that Ariel and Baldwin know about the death of John Henry, and that they are planning to kill the women of the coven. Zoe suspects Mallory to be the true next Supreme after she saves Coco from choking and confides in Cordelia. Later, Mallory passes the Seven Wonders after successfully resurrecting John Henry. The coven then capture Ariel, Baldwin, and Mead, and burn them at the stake for treason.
928"Sojourn"[36]TBATBAOctober 31, 2018 (2018-10-31)TBATBD
939"Fire and Reign"[36]TBATBANovember 7, 2018 (2018-11-07)TBATBD
9410"Apocalypse Then"[36]TBATBANovember 14, 2018 (2018-11-14)TBATBD

text: Evan Peters will direct an episode of the season.[37]

text: Production

text: Development

text: On January 12, 2017, the series was renewed for an eighth season, which premiered on September 12, 2018.[1][2] In October 2016, series co-creator Ryan Murphy announced a "crossover" season between previous cycles Murder House and Coven.[38] In January 2018, he stated that the ninth season would most likely feature the crossover;[39] however, in June 2018, he announced that the eighth season was chosen instead.[40] Murphy has also stated that the eighth season would be set 18 months in the future and would feature an Asylum and Coven tone.[39][18] In July 2018, it was announced at the San Diego Comic-Con that the title of the season would be Apocalypse.[41]

text: In April 2018, it was revealed that series veterans Sarah Paulson and Evan Peters would each make their directorial debuts in an episode of the season.[37] It was later revealed that Paulson would direct the sixth episode.[3]

text: As with previous seasons, several teasers were released.[42] On September 4, 2018, a short trailer was released, followed by a longer trailer the next day.[43][44]

text: Casting

text: In October 2017, it was announced that series mainstay Sarah Paulson would return for the season. In March 2018, it was announced that Kathy Bates and Evan Peters would also return, leading the season with Paulson.[6] In April 2018, Joan Collins joined the cast as the grandmother of Peters' character.[18] In April and May 2018, Cult alumni Adina Porter, Cheyenne Jackson, Billy Eichner, Leslie Grossman, and Billie Lourd were also confirmed to return.[9][10]

text: In June 2018, Emma Roberts revealed that she would return for Apocalypse, reprising her role as Madison Montgomery from Coven.[12] That same month, Murphy revealed that other witches from Coven had all been invited to return,[12] and also stated that he had asked Anjelica Huston to join the cast,[45] while Paulson confirmed that she would reprise her Coven role, Cordelia Goode.[3] In July 2018, it was reported that Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman and Kyle Allen would guest star in the season.[13] Later that month, Murphy revealed via Twitter that American Crime Story alum Cody Fern joined the cast as a grown-up Michael Langdon, the Antichrist born during the events of Murder House.[11]

text: In August 2018, Pose alum Billy Porter announced via Instagram that he would appear in the season.[23] Later, during the Television Critics Association press tour, it was announced that Jessica Lange would appear in the season's sixth episode as her Murder House character, Constance Langdon.[3] After FX released the season's first teaser, actress Lesley Fera revealed via Twitter that she would appear in the season premiere.[17] Later, Ryan Murphy confirmed via Twitter that Taissa Farmiga, Gabourey Sidibe, Lily Rabe, Frances Conroy, and Stevie Nicks would all appear during the season,[19] and that they would all reprise their Coven roles.[21][20] In the same month, Angela Bassett, who appeared in four previous seasons, confirmed that she would not appear in the season.[21] Later, Finn Wittrock, who appeared in three past seasons, confirmed that he would not appear in Apocalypse.[46] The same day, it was announced that original cast members Connie Britton and Dylan McDermott would be returning for the season,[26] and Ryan Murphy later confirmed that they would reprise their Murder House roles, Vivien and Ben Harmon, respectively.[27] Later, Murphy revealed that Evan Peters and Taissa Farmiga would be reprising their Murder House roles, Tate Langdon and Violet Harmon, respectively.[7]

text: In September 2018, it was revealed that Erika Ervin would be returning for Apocalypse after having a recurring role in Freak Show.[16] It was also reported that actress Ash Santos would appear in the season.[15]

text: Filming

text: In April 2018, Murphy revealed that filming for the season would begin in June 2018.[18]

text: Reception

text: Critical response

text: American Horror Story: Apocalypse received positive reviews from critics. The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the season a 92% approval rating, with an average rating of 7.86/10, based on 117 reviews.[47] On Metacritic, the season was given a score of 63 out of 100 based on 6 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[48]

text:
American Horror Story (season 8): Critical reception by episode

Season 8 (2018): Percentage of positive reviews tracked by the website Rotten Tomatoes[49]

text: Ratings

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"The End"

September 12, 2018
1.5
3.08[29]
1.5
3.17
3.0
6.26[50]

2

"The Morning After"

September 19, 2018
1.1
2.21[30]
1.2
2.41
2.3
4.63[51][a]

3

"Forbidden Fruit"

September 26, 2018
0.9
1.95[31]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

4

"Could It Be... Satan?"

October 3, 2018
1.0
2.02[32]
1.6
3.05
2.6
5.08[52]

5

"Boy Wonder"

October 10, 2018
1.0
2.12[33]
1.4
2.82
2.4
4.95[53]

6

"Return to Murder House"

October 17, 2018
0.9
2.01[34]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

7

"Traitor"

October 24, 2018
0.9
1.85[35]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Jump up ^ Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead.

tag: ol


document_title: List of Presidents of India

question_text: who served the longest term as president in india

text: List of Presidents of India

text: Presidents[edit]

text: This list is numbered based on Presidents elected after winning an Indian Presidential election. The terms of Varahagiri Venkata Giri, Mohammad Hidayatullah, and Basappa Danappa Jatti, who have functioned as acting presidents, are therefore not numbered. The President of India does not represent any political party. The colours used in the table indicate the following:

text:
№
Name
(Birth–Death)
Portrait
Elected
Took office
Left office
Vice President

1
Rajendra Prasad
(1884–1963)

1952
1957
26 January 1950
12 May 1962
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Prasad, from Bihar, was the first President of independent India, and also the longest-serving President, for 12 years.[8][9] He was also a freedom fighter during the Indian independence movement.[10] Prasad was the only president to serve two terms in office.[5]

2
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
(1888–1975)

1962
13 May 1962
13 May 1967
Zakir Husain

Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher and writer and also held the position of vice chancellor of the Andhra University and Banaras Hindu University.[11] He was also made a Knight of the Golden Army of Angels by Pope Paul VI. He received Bharat Ratna award in 1954 before becoming the President.[12] He was the first President from South India.

3
Zakir Husain
(1897–1969)

1967
13 May 1967
3 May 1969
Varahagiri Venkata Giri

Husain was vice chancellor of the Aligarh Muslim University and a recipient of Padma Vibhushan and Bharat Ratna.[13] He died in office, the first to do so. He was also the shortest-serving President. He was also the first Muslim President.

–
Varahagiri Venkata Giri *
(1894–1980)

–
3 May 1969
20 July 1969
–

He was elected Vice President of India in 1967. Following the death of President Zakir Husain, Giri was appointed as Acting President.[14] He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections.[6]

–
Mohammad Hidayatullah *
(1905–1992)

–
20 July 1969
24 August 1969
–

Hidayatullah served as the Chief Justice of India, and was also a recipient of the Order of the British Empire.[15] He served as Acting President until the election of Giri as the President of India.

4
Varahagiri Venkata Giri
(1894–1980)

1969
24 August 1969
24 August 1974
Gopal Swarup Pathak

Giri was the first person to have served as both an acting president and president of India. He was a recipient of the Bharat Ratna, and has functioned as Indian Minister of Labour and High Commissioner to Ceylon (Sri Lanka).[16]

5
Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed
(1905–1977)

1974
24 August 1974
11 February 1977
Gopal Swarup Pathak (1974)

Basappa Danappa Jatti (1974–1977)

Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before historical term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to die in office.[17] He was also president during Emergency.[18]

–
Basappa Danappa Jatti *
(1912–2002)

–
11 February 1977
25 July 1977
–

Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as Acting President upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of Mysore.[17][19]

6
Neelam Sanjiva Reddy
(1913–1996)

1977
25 July 1977
25 July 1982
Basappa Danappa Jatti (1977–1979)

Muhammad Hidayatullah (1979–1982)

Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only Member of Parliament from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.[20] He was unanimously elected Speaker of the Lok Sabha on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India.

7
Giani Zail Singh
(1916–1994)

1982
25 July 1982
25 July 1987
Muhammad Hidayatullah (1982–1984)

Ramaswamy Venkataraman (1984–1987)

In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of Chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister. He was also secretary general to Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) from 1983 to 1986[21]

8
Ramaswamy Venkataraman
(1910–2009)

1987
25 July 1987
25 July 1992
Shankar Dayal Sharma

In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the Indian independence movement.[22] After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.[23]

9
Shankar Dayal Sharma
(1918–1999)

1992
25 July 1992
25 July 1997
Kocheril Raman Narayanan

Sharma was Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of Andhra Pradesh, Punjab and Maharashtra.[24]

10
Kocheril Raman Narayanan
(1920–2005)

1997
25 July 1997
25 July 2002
Krishan Kant

Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities.[25] He was also the vice-chancellor of Jawaharlal Nehru University.[26] He was the first President from Kerala, and also the first Dalit President.

11
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
(1931–2015)

2002
25 July 2002
25 July 2007
Krishan Kant (2002)

Bhairon Singh Shekhawat (2002–2007)

Kalam was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.[27] He also received the Bharat Ratna. Kalam was affectionately known as the People's President, due to his extra-Presidential activities. He was the first bachelor president of India, and the first Muslim President who completed his term. Kalam died following a heart attack while delivering a speech in Shillong. [28][29][30]

12
Pratibha Patil
(1934–)

2007
25 July 2007
25 July 2012
Mohammad Hamid Ansari

Patil was the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.[31][32]

13
Pranab Mukherjee
(1935–)

2012
25 July 2012
25 July 2017
Mohammad Hamid Ansari

Mukherjee held various posts in the cabinet ministry for the Government of India such as Finance Minister, Foreign Minister, Defence Minister and Deputy Chairman of the Planning Commission.[33]

14
Ram Nath Kovind
(1945–)

2017
25 July 2017
Incumbent
Mohammad Hamid Ansari (2017)

Venkaiah Naidu

Kovind was Governor of Bihar from 2015 until 2017 and a Member of Parliament from 1994 until 2006. He is the second Dalit president after K. R. Narayanan. He originally belongs to BJP and is an active member of RSS since his youth.