document_title: Warriors (novel series)

question_text: when does warriors the raging storm come out

text: Warriors (novel series)

text: Inspiration and origins[edit]

text: The series first began when publisher HarperCollins asked Victoria Holmes to write a fantasy series about feral cats. Initially, Holmes was not very enthusiastic, since she "couldn't imagine coming up with enough ideas". She worked with the concept, however, expanding the storyline with elements of war, politics, revenge, doomed love, and religious conflict.[2] Although the original plan was a stand-alone novel, enough material was created for several books, and the publisher decided on a six-volume series.[2] The first volume, Into the Wild, was written by Kate Cary under the pseudonym "Erin Hunter" and was completed in about three months.[3] Holmes then began to work behind the scenes, editing and supervising details.[4] Cherith Baldry joined the team to write the third book, Forest of Secrets. Later, after she wrote the first Warriors field guide, Tui Sutherland became the fourth Erin Hunter.,[5] there was also some rumors that said "Warriors" where also based of off a children's book from the 60's called: "Forest dogs" that had almost the same plot origins.

text: The authors have named several other authors as sources of inspiration when writing the novels. In an online author chat, Cherith Baldry listed the authors that inspire her as including Tolkien, Ursula K. Le Guin, and Shakespeare. In the same chat, Victoria Holmes stated that Jacqueline Wilson, Kathy Reichs, and J. K. Rowling are some of the authors that inspire her.[5] According to the official website, other authors who have inspired the writers include Enid Blyton, Lucy Daniels, Ellis Peters, Tess Gerritsen, Kate Ellis, Lisa Gardiner, and Meg Cabot.[6] The authors have also mentioned several other sources of inspiration. The New Forest in southern England was the base for the forest where the original series took place.[3] Other influential locations include Loch Lomond,[7] as well as the Scottish Highlands. Nicholas Culpeper, a physician who used materials occurring in the natural world as medicine, also had an influence on the Warriors series. His book, Culpeper's Herbal, is used as a source by the authors for the herbal remedies that the cats use in the books. In addition, the authors suggested that they may use some fan-created names in future books.[5][8] Also mentioned as a source of inspiration was the film series Rambo.[9]

text: Setting[edit]

text: In the Warriors universe, a large group of feral cats has settled into a forest, and claimed it for their own. The cats are split into four smaller Clans: ThunderClan lives in woodland areas, WindClan reside on the moors, RiverClan by the lake and ShadowClan within and around the swamps. SkyClan, a fifth group, also used to be a part of this system, but was forced to flee when their territory was destroyed to make human houses. Each Clan has adapted to their own terrain; RiverClan, for example, will swim in the river to catch fish, whilst the majority of cats from the other Clans fear and avoid bodies of water.

text: Relationships between different Clans are tense and they often come into conflict with one another. Each Clans is taught signature battle moves in order to protect their territory. Border skirmishes are the most common source of battle; they are often short-lived and cause no real damage to either side. Bigger and more brutal battles can occur, which can result in casualties. The Clans can also show concern for each other; the idea of one Clan being destroyed causes deep distress, and will prompt urgent action on behalf of all four Clans. On the night of every full moon, the Clans will meet at a designated spot in order to share stories and news in peace. This is known as a 'Gathering', and fighting is prohibited.

text: Cats who live outside of the Clans are split into three groups. Housecats, known as 'kittypets', are often sneered at by the Clan cats for their cozy and lazy life. Occasionally a curious kittypet will wander into the forest to explore; at this point, they are chased away, but will rarely come to harm. As a result, kittypets often warn each other not to enter the forest. 'Loners' are cats who walk outside of the Clans, usually by themselves. Although regarded by the Clans with suspicion, they do not cause the forest cats any trouble, and so are free to wander outside of the borders in peace. Similar to loners are 'rogues', who differ only because they intentionally try to cause the Clans harm. It is not unusual for a rogue to be a former Clan cat looking for revenge. For a kittypet, loner or rogue to join a Clan is rare, but not unheard of. Often, these newcomers have to prove themselves in order to be regarded with trust by the rest of the community.

text: Beyond the Clans' territories lies a mountain range, inhabited by the Tribe of Rushing Water. The Tribe is shown to be similar to the Clans, yet follows a different set of ancestors: the Tribe of Endless Hunting. The Tribe has a Healer, cave-guards, and prey-hunters, who each serve a different function in the Tribe. The Healer leads the Tribe, heals the ill and wounded, and communicates with the Tribe of Endless Hunting; the cave-guards defend the Tribe, and the prey-hunters hunt.The Tribe was formed by the Ancients when they left the lake to live in the mountains. In turn, cats from the Tribe moved to the forest of the original series and formed the Clans.

text: StarClan is a group of the Clans' deceased ancestors who give guidance to the Clans. After death, most Clan cats join StarClan. StarClan is said to be represented by Silverpelt, and each individual star represents the spirit of a single dead warrior. Upon joining StarClan, the cats' spirits take the form in which they were most happy while living (i.e. blindness and deafness can be cured). StarClan Warriors, elders, deputies, queens, and kits keep watch over the Clans, usually watching the Clan they lived in while alive. They provide guidance to the Clans, often through dreams and other signs like omens. Often, this occurs when medicine cats go to the Moonstone, a large piece of quartz in an abandoned mine, which is used in the forest territory to communicate with the medicine and leader cats' ancestors every half-moon. This is later replaced by the Moonpool, a small body of water from which cats can drink from in order to communicate with StarClan. In an author chat, Hunter said that StarClan can "just get glimpses of" the future, which they occasionally pass on, although these visions tend to be convoluted and difficult to understand. StarClan cats are often described as being transparent and silver in color, with stars sparkling around their paws. In the manga, their eyes are portrayed as blank and empty. On very rare occasions, a StarClan cat will interact with the world of the living, mainly to take a recently deceased cat to their place of resting. When a StarClan cat is forgotten by all living memory, or is killed in battle, they will fade away-it is unknown what happens to them after this.

text: In addition to StarClan, there exists the Dark Forest, also known as The Place of No Stars. The spirits of traitors who cause great pain and suffering to others during their lives reside there in order to pay for their sins. As the name suggests, it takes the form of a never-ending forest, forcing its residents to forever walk alone. Although cats of the Dark Forest are meant to be isolated as punishment, they later learn how to walk in the dreams of living cats.  Like StarClan cats, Dark Forest residents will fade away if they are forgotten, or killed in battle. A unique aspect is that if a living cat dies whilst visiting the Dark Forest in their dreams, they will automatically become a spirit of the Dark Forest themselves. In addition, it is possible for StarClan cats to become lost within the forest if they stay there for too long, hence why the majority avoid it.

text: Series[edit]

text: Warriors: The Prophecies Begin[edit]

text: The original Warriors series, later re-titled Warriors: The Prophecies Begin,[10] was released from 2003 to 2004 and consists of six books: Into the Wild (January 21, 2003), Fire and Ice (May 27, 2003), Forest of Secrets (October 14, 2003), Rising Storm (January 6, 2004), A Dangerous Path (June 1, 2004), and The Darkest Hour (5 October 2004).[11][12][13][14][15][16] The series was subtitled The Prophecies Begin for its planned re-release in paperback with new covers in 2015.[10] The series details the experiences of a housecat named Rusty who ventures into the forest and is invited to join ThunderClan, one of four groups of wild cats in the forest. He rises through the clan hierarchy and becomes the leader of ThunderClan by the end of the series.

text: Warriors: The New Prophecy[edit]

text: The second series, Warriors: The New Prophecy, was released from 2005 to 2006, and consists of six books: Midnight (May 10, 2005), Moonrise (August 1, 2005), Dawn (December 27, 2005), Starlight (April 4, 2006), Twilight (August 22, 2006), and Sunset (December 26, 2006).[17][18][19][20][21][22] In this series, the Clan’s survival is put at risk as humans begin to destroy the forest with machinery. To combat this, one cat from all four Clan’s is chosen to journey and find a new home for the cats to live. These cats are Tawnypelt of ShadowClan, Crowfeather of WindClan, Feathertail of RiverClan, and Brambleclaw of ThunderClan, the latter of whom also struggles with his heritage as the late Tigerstar’s son. Feathertail’s brother Stormfur and the ThunderClan apprentice Squirrelflight also accompany them.

text: Warriors: Power of Three[edit]

text: The third series, Warriors: Power of Three, was released from 2007 to 2009 and consists of six books: The Sight (April 24, 2007), Dark River (December 26, 2007), Outcast (April 22, 2008), Eclipse (September 2, 2008), Long Shadows (November 25, 2008), and Sunrise (April 21, 2009).[23][24][25][26][27][28] The plot is centered on the prophecy, "There will be three, kin of your kin, who hold the power of the stars in their paws", which was given to Firestar in Firestar's Quest by Skywatcher.[29] The series revolves around the lives of Jayfeather, Lionblaze and Hollyleaf, kits of Crowfeather and Leafpool and grandchildren of the ThunderClan leader Firestar, who discover that they have a special power.

text: Warriors: Omen of the Stars[edit]

text: The fourth series, Warriors: Omen of the Stars, was released from 2009 to 2012 and consists of six books: The Fourth Apprentice (November 24, 2009), Fading Echoes (March 23, 2010), Night Whispers (November 23, 2010), Sign of the Moon (April 5, 2011), The Forgotten Warrior (November 22, 2011), and The Last Hope (April 3, 2012).[30][31][32][33][34][35] It is a direct continuation of Warriors: Power of Three, wherein Hollyleaf dies and Dovewing replaces her.

text: Warriors: Dawn of the Clans[edit]

text: The fifth series, Warriors: Dawn of the Clans, was released from March 5, 2013 to September 1, 2015 and consists of six books: The Sun Trail (March 5, 2013), Thunder Rising (November 5, 2013), The First Battle (April 8, 2014),  The Blazing Star (November 4, 2014), A Forest Divided (April 7, 2015), and Path of Stars (September 1, 2015).[36][37][38][39][40][41] Warriors: Dawn of the Clans May also be known as the "Prequel Series", due to it being about how the five clans (ThunderClan, RiverClan, WindClan, ShadowClan, and SkyClan) were created. In The Sun Trail, prey is scarce in the mountain home of the Tribe of Pointed Stones, so a cat named Gray Wing and his companions must leave to find more food and a better home. Once they reach their new forest home Gray Wing falls in love with a rogue cat there named Storm. The Tribe cats start to live in the forest and take in rogue cats. When Gray Wing sees Storm again, he invites her to visit Clear Sky, another former Tribe cat and Gray Wing's brother. Once she meets Clear Sky, however, she falls in love with him. Gray Wing discovers that Storm is pregnant by Clear Sky and that she is going to live with him, breaking Gray Wing's heart. When Turtle Tail, another one of the Tribe cats, who becomes a kittypet later in The Sun Trail tells Gray Wing that Storm is in trouble, Gray Wing does not believe her. When he finds Storm, she is dead along with two of her three kits. Storm had left Clear Sky after he banished his own brother Jagged Peak who was barely an adult because he had fallen out of a tree and broken his leg. Clear Sky banished all cats who couldn't look after themselves.  Gray Wing, Tall Shadow, and the Tribe cats who live on the moor name the surviving kit Thunder. When Gray Wing shows Thunder his father, Clear Sky rejects Thunder. Sad and angry with his brother, Gray Wing adopts Thunder as his own kin. The second book, Thunder Rising, takes place a couple of months after The Sun Trail. Turtle Tail returns to Gray Wing's group pregnant by an aggressive kittypet tomcat named Tom, and becomes Gray Wing's mate. A fire breaks out in the forest, forcing Clear Sky's group to take shelter with Gray Wing. While taking shelter with Gray Wing, Clear Sky realizes that he was wrong about Thunder and invites him to join his group. Thunder quickly accepts the offer, but soon realizes that his father is too power-hungry and concentrated on the needs of the group over the individual and leaves. In the third book, The First Battle, Clear Sky declares war upon Gray Wing's group. Gray Wing tries to make peace, but Clear Sky is ambitious and wants more territory. Tom arrives to look for Bumble (another housecat) and Turtle Tail. He steals Turtle Tail's kits and brings them to live with him. Cats from Gray Wing's group go to look for and bring them back, but they find Turtle Tail dead by a road. The cats manage to rescue the kittens from Tom, who swears revenge. At the end, Gray Wing's cats fight Clear Sky's. Many cats die, such as the following: Rainswept Flower, Jackdaws Cry and Hawk Swoop. The battle ends in a stalemate. The ghosts of the fallen cats known as 'spirit cats' return to tell the fighting cats to "unite or die". Clear Sky is struck with guilt and grief. In the fourth book, The Blazing Star, rogues (non-Clan cats) join the groups and One Eye, a rogue tries to take control of the forest. The groups meet again at the full moon, where they are greeted again by the fallen cats. This time, they bring a new message: "To tame the Claw that blights the forest, grow and spread like the Blazing Star". No cat can understand what it means; however, during the meeting, Thunder meets a she-cat named Star Flower. Then to realise she is One Eye's daughter. After the meeting, the cats notice that a strange sickness is starting to infect the prey, giving them sores and bloated bellies. One of Wind Runner's kits Morning Whisker, fell ill with the disease and eventually died. Struck by sadness, Wind Runner, Gorse Fur, and their remaining kits, Dust Muzzle and Moth Flight, leave the hollow to live on their own up in the moor.

text: Warriors: A Vision of Shadows[edit]

text: Warriors: A Vision of Shadows is the sixth sub-series. The series was originally titled, Warriors: StarClan's Promise. The first book, The Apprentice's Quest, which takes place approximately eight months after Bramblestar's Storm, was released on March 15, 2016.  The books' main characters are Sparkpaw and Alderpaw who are Bramblestar's and Squirrelflight's children. The first book, The Apprentice's Quest, starts with each Clan's medicine cats receiving a prophecy from StarClan together, telling them to "Embrace what you find in the shadows, for only they can clear the sky".[42] This is the titular prophecy of the series (A Vision of Shadows). When receiving this prophecy, Jayfeather sees Alderkit (Alderpaw's former name) in his dream, as well as the other medicine cats. Later, he, Leafpool, and Bramblestar decide that Alderpaw should become a medicine cat apprentice. Further into the book, Alderpaw has a vision of the far-off SkyClan. After deciding that Alderpaw's vision relates to the prophecy, Bramblestar sends Alderpaw on a quest to help SkyClan along with his ex-mentor, Molewhisker, Sandstorm, his sister Sparkpaw, and her mentor Cherryfall. While on the quest, they're joined by ShadowClan apprentice Needlepaw. Sandstorm dies along the way. When they reach the gorge where SkyClan lives, they find that they have been run out of their territory by a group of rogues. They decide that they arrived too late to help SkyClan and return back to the lake. On the way back Alderpaw and Needlepaw find two female kits (Twigkit and Violetkit) who lost their mother. Needlepaw suggests that the kits could be "what you find in the shadows". They then take the kits back to the lake and at a full moon Gathering, the Clan leaders decide that ShadowClan should take one kit and ThunderClan should take the other. ThunderClan takes Twigkit and ShadowClan takes Violetkit. The second book, Thunder and Shadow, was released on September 6, 2016. It follows Twigkit and Violetkit's lives in ThunderClan and ShadowClan. The two kits struggle to find their place in their respective Clans, and feel lonely. However, Alderpaw and Needlepaw befriend the kits, and even arrange for them to meet in secret between the two Clans' borders. The Clan cats discover that the rogues from A Vision of Shadows followed the quest cats to the lake, and have made camp near ShadowClan. Meanwhile, the ShadowClan apprentices start to lose faith in the warrior code, and many of them eventually join the rogues, including Needlepaw, who brings Violetkit with her. The third book, Shattered Sky, was released on April 11, 2017. It details the war that ensues between the Clans and Darktail's so called Kin after his annexation of ShadowClan. It heavily focuses on the sisters Twigpaw and Violetpaw as they find themselves on two different sides of a very brutal conflict that will determine the fate of the Clans. Battles will be fought, loyalties will be tested, prophecies will be interpreted and as always, cats will die before the Clans know peace again.[43] The fourth book, Darkest Night, was released on November 7, 2017.[44] The fifth book, River of Fire, was released on April 10, 2018.[45] The sixth book, The Raging Storm, is set to be released on November 6, 2018.

text: Standalones[edit]

text: Super Editions[edit]

text: Super Editions are stand alone books in the Warriors series that are approximately double the length of a normal Warriors book.

text: Field guides[edit]

text: Six field guides have also been published. The guides offer extra information, usually in the form of short stories, and are usually about 150 pages long.

text: Original English-language manga[edit]

text: Several series of original English-language manga have been produced by HarperCollins with TOKYOPOP.[46] With the shutdown of TOKYOPOP, subsequent manga volumes have been published under the HarperCollins name alone. Four of the manga series consist of three volumes, though The Rise of Scourge is a standalone book.

text: Novellas[edit]

text: Originally published only in e-book format, the novellas were later published in anthology volumes.

text: List of Standalones[edit]

text:
Title

Type

Release Date

Note

The Warriors Guide

Field Guide

2012

Firestar's Quest
Super Edition
2007-08-21

Bluestar's Prophecy
Super Edition
2009-07-28

SkyClan's Destiny
Super Edition
2010-08-03

Crookedstar's Promise
Super Edition
2011-07-05

Yellowfang's Secret
Super Edition
2012-10-09

Tallstar's Revenge
Super Edition
2013-07-02

Bramblestar's Storm
Super Edition
2014-08-26

Moth Flight's Vision
Super Edition
2015-11-03

Hawkwing's Journey
Super Edition
2016-11-01

Tigerheart's Shadow
Super Edition
2017-09-05

Crowfeather's Trial
Super Edition
2018-09-04

Secrets of the Clans
Field Guide
2007-05-29

Cats of the Clans
Field Guide
2008-06-24

Code of the Clans
Field Guide
2009-06-09

Battles of the Clans
Field Guide
2010-06-01

Enter the Clans
Field Guide
2012-06-26

Ultimate Guide
Field Guide
2014-11-05

The Lost Warrior
OEL Manga
2007-04-24
Book 1 of Graystripe's Adventure Trilogy

Warrior's Refuge
OEL Manga
2007-12-26
Book 2 of Graystripe's Adventure Trilogy

Warrior's Return
OEL Manga
2008-04-22
Book 3 of Graystripe's Adventure Trilogy

The Rise of Scourge
OEL Manga
2008-06-24

Into the Woods
OEL Manga
2008-09-02
Book 1 of Tigerstar and Sasha Trilogy

Escape from the Forest
OEL Manga
2008-12-23
Book 2 of Tigerstar and Sasha Trilogy

Return to the Clans
OEL Manga
2009-06-09
Book 3 of Tigerstar and Sasha Trilogy

Shattered Peace
OEL Manga
2010-08-03
Book 1 of Ravenpaw's Path Trilogy

A Clan in Need
OEL Manga
2010-08-03
Book 2 of Ravenpaw's Path Trilogy

The Heart of a Warrior
OEL Manga
2010-08-03
Book 3 of Ravenpaw's Path Trilogy

The Rescue
OEL Manga
2011-07-05
Book 1 of SkyClan and the Stranger Trilogy

Beyond the Code
OEL Manga
2011-11-22
Book 2 of SkyClan and the Stranger Trilogy

After the Flood
OEL Manga
2012-04-03
Book 3 of SkyClan and the Stranger Trilogy

Hollyleaf's Story
Novella
2012-03-03
Originally released e-book only. Also part of the anthology Warriors: The Untold Stories

Mistystar's Omen
Novella
2012-09-11
Originally released e-book only. Also part of the anthology Warriors: The Untold Stories

Cloudstar's Journey
Novella
2013-01-29
Originally released e-book only. Also part of the anthology Warriors: The Untold Stories

Tigerclaw's Fury
Novella
2014-01-28
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Tales from the Clans

Leafpool's Wish
Novella
2014-04-22
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Tales from the Clans

Dovewing's Silence
Novella
2014-11-04
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Tales from the Clans

Mapleshade's Vengeance
Novella
2015-04-07
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Shadows of the Clans

Goosefeather's Curse
Novella
2015-09-01
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Shadows of the Clans

Ravenpaw's Farewell
Novella
2016-01-26
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Shadows of the Clans

Spottedleaf's Heart
Novella
2017-04-11
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Legends of the Clans

Pinestar's Choice
Novella
2017-04-11
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Legends of the Clans

Thunderstar's Echo
Novella
2017-04-11
Also part of the anthology Warriors: Legends of the Clans

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The first book of the series, Into the Wild, was generally well-received, with reviewers calling it a "spine-tingling,"[47] "thoroughly engrossing"[48] and "exciting... action-packed adventure."[49] One reviewer praised the authors for "creating an intriguing world... and an engaging young hero",[50] but another criticised the characters and imagined world as being "neither... consistent nor compelling."[51]

text: The manga has also earned praise: a reviewer for Children's Bookwatch noted that Into the Woods "ends on a tense cliffhanger, leaving the reader in anxious anticipation for more. Suitable for readers age ten to one hundred and ten, warriors Tigerstar and Sasha's manga story, #1: Into the Woods, is especially recommended for cat lovers everywhere".[52] Its sequel, Escape from the Forest, was also well reviewed: a reviewer for Publishers Weekly believed that girls would benefit from reading about Sasha leaving the powerful Tigerstar due to his "growing violence". The art was also praised, with the reviewer writing that "Hudson's artwork brings Sasha's emotional journey to life, showing each moment of fear, anxiety, contentment and joy. The cat's-eye perspective of many of the panels, in addition, add  [sic] a dramatic, energizing element to the book". The reviewer also wrote that "a twist at the end will leave fans eager for the next installment of Sasha's saga", and that the book would appeal to young adults trying to find their place in the world.[53] Lisa Goldstein for School Library Journal also gave the book a positive review, writing that the plot would attract new fans and appeal to old fans. The reviewer also wrote that "though the cover claims that this is a 'manga,' the straightforward illustrations are drawn in a simple, realistic style".[54]

text: The large number of characters involved in the series has often been seen as a negative point; though one reviewer compared the "huge cast" to that of a Greek drama,[55] others wrote that it was "hard to follow"[56] and "a little confusing."[50] The characters have also been criticised as being "somewhat flat"[56] and "limited essentially to each individual's function within the clan."[51]

text: As one reviewer put it, the cats in the series are "true to their feline nature,"[47] leading some critics to jokingly comment that the books will "leave readers eyeing Puss a bit nervously"[57] and wondering "what dreams of grandeur may haunt the family cat."[49] However, this realism also means that the series contains a relatively large amount of violence,[50] with one critic stating that it is "not for the faint of heart."[55] Several critics have compared Warriors to Brian Jacques' Redwall series,[47][51] though one commented that it was "not as elegantly written."[50] The New York Times called the series a "hit with young readers", specifically because of its "sprawling universe",[58] and the series was able to appear on the New York Times Bestseller List for a total of 117 weeks, as of 24 November 2013.[59]

text: Awards and recognitions[edit]

text:
Into the Wild was nominated for the Pacific Northwest Library Association's 2006 Young Reader's Choice Awards but lost to Christopher Paolini's Eragon.[60][61] It was also listed on Booklist's Top 10 fantasy books for youth in 2003[62] and was a Book Sense 76 Pick.[11]
The Sight was nominated for the best Middle Readers book in Amazon's Best Books of the Year (2007) and placed sixth out of the ten nominees, with six percent of the total votes.[63] It was also nominated for the Children's Choice Book Awards.[64] In 2006, Warriors also received an honorable mention for the best book series for Publisher Weekly's "On the Cuff" awards.[65]

text: Themes[edit]

text: Themes in the series often revolve around forbidden love. These relationships are not allowed for various reasons: some involve medicine cats, who are not allowed to have mates according to the warrior code, while others develop between cats in different Clans, which is also forbidden by the warrior code (for example, Graystripe and Silverstream.) Holmes said that another central theme of the series centres on "faith and spirituality" in StarClan.[66]  All books in the series feature the influence of StarClan, not just as the cats think of them, but in terms of prophecies delivered by StarClan which inevitably come true.  Some scenes take place within StarClan's realm, with no living cats present as point-of-view characters.  Thus the existence of an afterlife and the influence of spirits who have passed on and yet retain their earthly identities is integral to all of the plot arcs in the series. Another idea explored in the novels is the reactions of different faiths when meeting each other. For example, the Tribe of Rushing Water, which believes in different spiritual ancestors than the Clans, is introduced in Moonrise. In an author chat, Holmes explained that the books never say that either of the Clans or the Tribe of Rushing Water is right about faith because both are "equally valid." This leads to fear and suspicion between them because they are afraid of things they do not understand. Holmes said that "ignorance is a very scary thing!"[67] Non-belief is also significant in the storylines: Mothwing and Cloudtail do not believe in StarClan.[68] kittydogs or ferals were also a very important theme (at least for Erin Hunter).

text: Another theme is that characters can be a mix of good and evil. Holmes has said she is fascinated by these "shades of gray" in personalities. Her example of this was when Bluestar, a noble and honorable cat, gave up her kits for her own ambitions so an evil cat would not take over. Another example she gave of this is how the antagonist Tigerstar, even with all of his faults, is still courageous and fiercely loyal.[69] Similarly, Holmes has also connected the theme to Brambleclaw and how nobody knew whether he was good or evil.[5] A third major theme, often referred to as nature versus nurture, explores whether a person is born the way he or she will be, or if other things shape that. For example, Brambleclaw's father is the evil Tigerstar, but he eventually demonstrates that despite this, he is not evil himself, despite initial suspicion from Clanmates due to his father's legacy. This theme ties into the "shades of gray" theme.[67] similar to the book ¨Forest dogs¨.

text: A reviewer for Publishers Weekly noted that friendship and responsibility are taught to characters in the novels,[49] while booksforyouths.com had a reviewer who pointed out the idea that, just as Clan cats shun house cats for their soft life, people should realize that it is necessary to experience hardship in life.[70] A Storysnoops review noted that one of the themes was that "it doesn't matter where you come from, only who you are inside".[71] In Dawn, the importance of cooperation is explored. The four Clans, normally hostile to each other, are forced to work together in order to find a new home. Other themes that have been pointed out deal with family, loss, honor, bravery, death, loyalty, and following rules.[67][49]

text: Holmes has said that one of the good things about writing a book about cats is that "we can tackle difficult human issues such as death, racial intolerance, and religious intolerance [without seeming so heavy]."[69]

text: Publication history[edit]

text: All of the Warriors books except for the manga have been published as hardcovers, and the majority of them have also been published as paperbacks. Starlight, Twilight, and Sunset from The New Prophecy, as well as the first four Omen of the Stars books, are available in an audiobook format.[72][73][74][75][76][77][78] The New Prophecy audiobooks are spoken by Nanette Savard, whose performance has been praised by reviewers. A reviewer for AudioFile wrote: "Nanette Savard brings out the youth of the cats who are struggling to help their clan survive and to protect each other from outside danger."[79][80] The Omen of the Stars audiobooks are spoken by Ash Ketchum's voice actor. The books in the four main series have also been released in an e-book format.[81]

text: Foreign editions[edit]

text: The Warriors series was first published in the United States and United Kingdom.[3] The editions published of the first two series—Warriors and Warriors: The New Prophecy—in the United Kingdom had slight variations in cover design from their United States counterparts.[82] Warriors is also sold in New Zealand,[83] Australia,[84] and Canada. Translations from English into other languages such as Czech, Lithuanian, Finnish, Japanese, French, Spanish, Russian, Chinese, and Korean have been published more recently.[85] The first six books have been published in Korea, Italy and Latin America,[86] the first five series in Germany and the first three series in the Netherlands.[5][87] Fandom also exists in Trinidad and Singapore.[88] The first two books have been published in Poland.[89]

text: Other media[edit]

text: Website[edit]

text: The Warriors website features Warriors screensavers,[90] along with videos on the process of writing a manga book and a video promoting The Last Hope.[91] There is also a "How To Draw Manga" page.[92] In addition, there are games, including quizzes,[92] the New Prophecy Adventure, and the Warriors Adventure Game.[93] On the Frequently Asked Questions section of the site, Erin Hunter said that they are working on an online game that would be released in late 2010.[94] It finished the first round of testing in summer 2010, but has not been released. Whether it will be a role-playing game is unknown. Erin Hunter has stated on the official Warriors website that there is still no plan for an official video game, but if there was, it would probably be based on a movie version of the Warriors series, which was at the time not under consideration.[94] Many fans have resorted to making their own games and websites, many of these sites being Play-by-post role-playing game forums.[67]

text: Film[edit]

text: On October 20, 2016, Victoria Holmes announced that Alibaba Pictures and STX Entertainment have bought the production rights for a film and is planning to do one with David Heyman and Gigi Pritzker set as producers. The release date, for now, still remains unscheduled, but, as of May 14, it was announced that screenwriters Jonathan Aibel and Glenn Berger have being attached to write the screenplay for the movie. However, as of now, no director was announced for the film.[95][96]

text: Short stories[edit]

text: The first short story written by Erin Hunter is "Spottedleaf's Honest Answer". In it, the spirit of former ThunderClan medicine cat Spottedleaf discusses her love for Firestar. It gives information on what happened in the Warriors series from Into the Wild to Firestar's Quest.[97]

text: On 20 January 2009, another short story, "The Clans Decide", was released on the Warriors Ultimate Leader Election site, starring Firestar, who won an election through an online fan vote conducted in recognition of President Obama's Inauguration Day. In the story, the four Clans vote for a way to survive a tough winter. Every cat at the meeting votes on whether or not the Clans should work together to survive the winter. The cats vote in favour of working together.[98]

text: Two short stories, "After Sunset: The Right Choice?" and "The Elders' Concern", are included with the Warriors mobile application.[99]  "The Elders' Concern" has been noted to contain timeline errors. Taking place after Bluestar's selection of Fireheart for deputy, it is about the elder Halftail, who is unhappy with the decision, and wakes the other elders to discuss it with them.  In "After Sunset: The Right Choice?", After Brambleclaw is forced to kill Hawkfrost, he is worried about what Firestar might do, but Firestar is extremely proud of him.

text: Plays[edit]

text: Written by Victoria Holmes for a tour, a play titled After Sunset: We Need to Talk was first premiered on 28 April 2007 at the Secret Garden bookstore in Seattle, Washington. It details a meeting between Leafpool of ThunderClan and Crowfeather of WindClan after the events of Sunset. The script was released to the public on the official site for the Warriors series.[100]

text: During a fundraising event in Russellville, Arkansas, Brightspirit's Mercy was performed by various high school drama students. The second of two plays by Erin Hunter, Brightspirit's Mercy is about Jaypaw, Lionblaze, and Hollyleaf. After going to a Gathering, where it is obvious all of the Clans except for ThunderClan are starving, three cats from StarClan appear to them: Brightspirit and her parents, Shiningheart and Braveheart, characters created on Wands and Worlds, a fantasy fiction forum, in memory of a 10-year-old Warriors fan, Emmy Grace Cherry, and her parents, Dana and Jimmy Cherry, who were killed in a tornado in February 2007.[101] They tell the three young cats that they must help feed the other Clans. Jaypaw is easily convinced, but Hollyleaf and Lionblaze are harder to win over. Eventually, they agree and hunt, then wait at the WindClan border for a patrol. Ashfoot, WindClan's deputy, accepts the gift, but Breezepaw, too proud to have help from another Clan, refuses to eat it. Jaypaw, Lionblaze, and Hollyleaf then head towards another Clan's territory.[102]

text: Physical Media[edit]

text: In the Chinese translation of the series, "3-D trading cards" are packaged in each book. The 3-D effect is produced using stereoscopic lenticular printing. These cards feature pictures of the cats on the centre of the bookcover and their Chinese and English names, and biographical information on the back. Current cards feature Firestar, Bluestar, Tallstar, Graystripe, Tigerstar, a collage of the 5 previous cats, Brambleclaw, Feathertail, Leafpool, Onestar, Crowfeather, Hawkfrost, Hollyleaf, Jayfeather, Lionblaze, Blackstar, Squirrelflight, Breezepelt, Sandstorm, Oakheart, Leafstar, Crookedstar, Yellowfang, Dovewing, Ivypool, Flametail, Stormfur, Tigerheart, and Spottedleaf. Also produced are puzzles and cups with Warriors images.[103]

text: Mobile application[edit]

text: On 30 June 2011, an official iOS application and Android application was released on the iTunes App Store[99] and Play store.  It contains information about the books in the series, profiles of the Clans and major characters (including app-exclusive information such as the name of Firestar's mother), an interactive timeline and maps, two application-exclusive short stories,  a trivia game, and even an amino. The app has been taken off the Google Play store.


document_title: White House Down

question_text: who played the daughter in white house down

root

text: White House Down

text: Plot[edit]

text: President of the United States James Sawyer (Jamie Foxx) generates controversy over a proposed peace treaty between the allied nations to remove military forces from the Middle East. Divorced US Capitol Police officer John Cale (Channing Tatum) is currently assigned to Speaker of the House Eli Raphelson (Richard Jenkins) after saving his nephew's life during a tour in Afghanistan.

tag: p

text: Cale hopes to impress his politically obsessed daughter Emily (Joey King) by getting a job interview for the Secret Service Presidential Detail, while also getting tickets for the two of them to tour the White House. However, his interviewer, Secret Service Special Agent Carol Finnerty (Maggie Gyllenhaal), a former college acquaintance of his, believes him to be unqualified due to his disrespect towards authority, and subsequently deems him ineligible for the job.

text: Disguised as a janitor, a man detonates a bomb at the center of the US Capitol building, causing the White House to be on lockdown. Finnerty is sent to escort the Speaker to an underground command center in the Pentagon, while Vice President of the United States Alvin Hammond (Michael Murphy) is taken aboard Air Force Two. At the same time, mercenaries led by Emil Stenz (Jason Clarke), having infiltrated the White House by disguising themselves as audio-visual repairmen, quickly overwhelm the Secret Service, take the tour group hostage and seize the White House. Cale manages to escape to go find his daughter, who was separated from him during the tour. Retiring Head of the Presidential Detail Martin Walker (James Woods) escorts Sawyer and his detail to the Presidential Emergency Operations Center. Once they gain access, Walker kills his detail, revealing himself to be the real leader of the attack on the White House. He wants vengeance against Sawyer after a botched black ops mission resulted in the death of his son. Cale kills a mercenary, takes his gun and radio, and rescues Sawyer.

text: Walker and Stenz bring in Skip Tyler (Jimmi Simpson) to hack into the defense system, but still require Sawyer to activate the nuclear football. One of the mercenaries, Carl Killick (Kevin Rankin), catches Emily recording a video of the mercenaries and takes her hostage. Cale and Sawyer contact the command structure, which uses Emily's video to discover the identities of the mercenaries, who used to work for various government agencies. Cale and Sawyer try to escape via a tunnel but find the exit gate rigged with explosives. They are forced into the garage and escape in the presidential limo, which is attacked by Stenz and flips into the White House pool. After Sawyer and Cale are presumed dead in an explosion, Hammond is sworn in as the 47th President of the United States. Cale and Sawyer are still alive and learn that Hammond ordered an aerial incursion to take back the White House, but the mercenaries shoot down the choppers. Having already learned of Emily from the video, Stenz takes her to Walker in the Oval Office. Tyler finishes hacking into NORAD and launches a missile to shoot down Air Force Two, killing Hammond and everyone else on board. Raphelson is sworn in as the 48th President of the United States and orders an air strike on the White House.

text: Sawyer surrenders himself to Walker to save Emily. Walker attempts to force Sawyer to use the football to launch the nuclear missiles against the various cities in Iran; Walker blames the Iranian regime for killing his son in combat. Sawyer refuses at first, while Cale sets various rooms on fire as a diversion. Down in the tunnels, Tyler inadvertently triggers the explosives and dies when they detonate. After killing most of the remaining mercenaries and freeing the hostages, Cale confronts Stenz and blows him up with a grenade belt during a fight. Sawyer attacks Walker, who uses Sawyer's handprint to activate the football. Walker locks Iran's targets with the football when Cale enters the Oval Office by crashing a reinforced Chevrolet through the wall. When Walker reaches to launch the missiles, Cale violently opens fire on Walker with the car's Gatling gun, violently killing Walker who is thrown against the wall in the gunfire. Emily waves a presidential flag on the front lawn, convincing the incoming fighter planes to call off the air strike. Raphelson is revealed to have conspired with Walker in orchestrating the attack. Sawyer has Raphelson arrested for treason and names Cale as his new special agent and takes him and Emily on a personal aerial tour of DC.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Channing Tatum as John Cale, a United States Capitol Police officer.[3]
Jamie Foxx as James William Sawyer, the President of the United States.[4]
Maggie Gyllenhaal as Carol Finnerty, Secret Service Presidential Detail.[5]
Jason Clarke as Emil Stenz, an ex-Delta Force and CIA operative. Leader of the mercenaries.[6]
Richard Jenkins as Eli Raphelson, Speaker of the United States House of Representatives.[7]
Joey King as Emily Cale, the daughter of John Cale.[8]
James Woods as Martin Walker, Head of the Secret Service Presidential Detail.[9]
Nicolas Wright as Donnie Donaldson, White House Tour Guide.
Jimmi Simpson as Skip Tyler, a computer hacker and the technical specialist in Stenz's group.
Michael Murphy as Alvin Hammond, the Vice President of the United States.[10]
Rachelle Lefevre as Melanie, the ex-wife of John Cale and the mother of Emily Cale.[11]
Lance Reddick as General Caulfield, Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.[12]
Matt Craven as Kellerman, Capitol Police officer.
Jake Weber as Ted Hope, Secret Service agent.
Peter Jacobson as Wallace, Vice President Chief of Staff.
Barbara Williams as Muriel Walker, Martin Walker's wife.
Kevin Rankin as Carl Killick, a right-wing militant and one of Stenz's henchmen.
Garcelle Beauvais as Alison Sawyer, First Lady of the United States.[13]
Falk Hentschel as Motts, one of Stenz's henchmen.
Romano Orzari as Mulcahy, one of Stenz's henchmen.
Jackie Geary as Jenna, assistant to the Vice President.
Anthony Lemke as Captain Hutton, an analyst in the Pentagon.
Vincent Leclerc as Ryan Todd, Secret Service agent.
Kyle Gatehouse as Conrad Cern, a right-wing white supremacist and one of Stenz's henchmen.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: White House Down is directed by Roland Emmerich and based on a screenplay by James Vanderbilt, who is also one of the film's producers. Sony Pictures purchased Vanderbilt's spec script in March 2012 for $3 million, in what The Hollywood Reporter called "one of the biggest spec sales in quite a while". The journal said the script was similar "tonally and thematically" to the films Die Hard and Air Force One.[14] In the following April, Sony hired Roland Emmerich as director.[15] Emmerich began filming in July 2012 at the La Cité Du Cinéma in Montreal, Quebec, Canada.[16] Cinematographer Anna Foerster shot the film with Arri Alexa Plus digital cameras.[17]

text: In 2012, Sony competed with Millennium Films, who were producing Olympus Has Fallen (also about a takeover of the White House) to complete casting and to begin filming.[18]

text: Release[edit]

text: White House Down was originally scheduled for a November 1, 2013[19] release, but was moved up to a June 28, 2013 release.

text: The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on October 22, 2013.[20]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: White House Down received mixed reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a rating of 50%, based on 191 reviews, with a weighted average of 5.4/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "White House Down benefits from the leads' chemistry, but director Roland Emmerich smothers the film with narrative clichés and choppily edited action."[21] At Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score to reviews, the film has an average score of 52 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[22]

text: Roth Cornet of IGN gives it a 6.5/10, concluding: "White House Down is a pretty silly rehashing of previously tread action movie territory, but if you're willing to laugh along with (or even at) it, it can be a highly entertaining experience."[23]

text: Andrew Chan of the Film Critics Circle of Australia writes, "I am not entirely sure, whether I should be happy or sad that I laughed when someone got shot or bombed, but such is the manner of how the film is played out. Therefore, I prefer Olympus for this one."[24]

text: Richard Roeper, however, gave the film an F, stating that "Everyone in White House Down is an idiot, clinically insane, a cliché, or a vehicle for shameless exploitation." He later named it the worst film of 2013.[25]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed $73.1 million in the United States and $132.3 million internationally for a total gross of $205.4 million, against a budget of $150 million.[2]

text: On its opening weekend in the U.S., the film disappointed and came in at 4th at the box office. It earned $24.9 million, less than March's similarly themed Olympus Has Fallen ($30.4 million opening).[26] In its second weekend, the film made $13.4 million.[27]

text: In October 2013, Sony announced it lost $197 million for June, July, and August 2013, and largely blamed "the box office flop of the movie White House Down as a key reason for the weakness".[28]


document_title: Queen's Club Championships

question_text: who won the men's singles at queens

question_tokens: who won the men 's singles at queens

text: Queen's Club Championships

text: History[edit]

text: Originally known as the London Grass Court Championships, the tournament traces back to 1884 when a tennis tournament was held at the London Athletic Club at Stamford Bridge, Fulham.[3] One year later the tournament was given the title of the London Championships, and it was on held outdoor grass courts. In 1890, the tournament moved to its current location, the Queen's Club and consisted of a men's and women's singles event. In 1903 a men's doubles event was added followed in 1905 by the mixed doubles competition. In 1915 the addition of a women's doubles event completed the programme. The two World Wars interrupted the tournament from 1915–1918 and 1940–1946. Between 1970 and 1989 the Championships were part of the Grand Prix tennis circuit. The women's tournament was discontinued after the 1973 edition and from 1974 until 1976 no men's tournament was held.[4] The event is currently an ATP World Tour 500 series tournament on the Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) Tour and was upgraded from a ATP World Tour 250 series in 2015.[5][6]

text: During the 2004 singles tournament, Andy Roddick set the then world record for the fastest serve, recorded at 153 mph (246.2 km/h) during a straight-set victory over Thailand's Paradorn Srichaphan in the quarter-finals.[7]

text: In 2016. Andy Murray won the singles title for a record fifth time. Seven men have won four singles titles; Major Ritchie, Anthony Wilding, Roy Emerson, John McEnroe, Boris Becker, Lleyton Hewitt and Andy Roddick.

text: Schedule[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The Queen's Club Championships are held every year in June. They start one week after the clay-court French Open and conclude one week before the start of the grass court Wimbledon Championships, which are held just 4 miles (6 km) away. The equivalent warm-up event for women is the Eastbourne International, although this is held one week later.

text: Up to 2014, the break between the French Open and Wimbledon was just two weeks, and the Queen's Club Championships started the day after the French Open's men's final. This changed when Wimbledon moved back a week to expand the length of the grass court season.[8]

text: Grass courts are the least common playing surface for top-level events on the ATP World Tour. The 2009 schedule included only four grass court tournaments in the run-up to Wimbledon. They were the Queen's Club Championships, Gerry Weber Open, Eastbourne International, and the Rosmalen Grass Court Championships. An additional tournament is played on grass in Newport, Rhode Island, USA, in the week immediately after Wimbledon.

text: Coverage[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2013)

text: Queen's enjoys full coverage on the BBC in the UK, via BBC television, BBC Radio 5 Live and BBC Sport online. It was shown in High Definition for the first time in 2009. Eurosport also broadcasts throughout each tournament.

text: The ball girls for the Aegon Championships are provided by Nonsuch High School and St Philomena's Catholic High School for Girls, two schools in the London Borough of Sutton.[9]

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: From 1979 until 2008, the tournament was sponsored by Stella Artois, and thus called the Stella Artois Championships.[10] In 2009 the tournament was renamed the Aegon Championships following a comprehensive sponsorship deal between Lawn Tennis Association and Aegon, which also led to renaming of Birmingham and Eastbourne grass court events.[11] In 2014, Hackett London became the official clothing sponsors of the tournament.

text: Past finals[edit]

text: Singles[edit]

text: Men[edit]

text: Since 1890:

text:
Year
Champions
Runners-up
Score

1890
 Harry S. Barlow
 Wilfred Baddeley
3–6, 6–8, 6–1, 6–2, 6–2

1891
 Harry S. Barlow
 Joshua Pim
6–4, 2–6, 6–0, 7–5

1892
 Ernest W. Lewis
 Joshua Pim
6–4, 6–4, 3–6, 4–6, 6–1

1893
 Joshua Pim
 Harold Mahony
1–6, 6–1, 6–8, 6–3

1894
 Harold Mahony
 Harry S. Barlow
6–2, 6–3, 6–3

1895
 Harry S. Barlow
 Manliffe Goodbody
6–4, 7–5, 5–7, 5–7, 10–8

1896
 Harold Mahony
 Reginald Doherty
11–9, 6–4, 6–4

1897
 Laurence Doherty
 Major Ritchie
6–2, 6–2, 6–2

1898
 Laurence Doherty
 Harold Mahony
6–3, 6–4, 9–7

1899
 Harold Mahony
 Arthur Gore
8–10, 6–2, 7–5, 6–1

1900
 Arthur Gore
 Arthur W. Lavy
6–0, 6–2, 6–3

1901
 Charles Dixon
 George Greville
6–1, 6–0, 4–6, 6–4

1902
 Major Ritchie
 Charles Simond
6–3, 6–4, 6–0

1903
 George Greville
 Charles Simond
6–1, 6–4, 7–9, 5–7, 6–4

1904
 Major Ritchie
 Harold Mahony
6–3, 6–1, 6–1

1905
 Holcombe Ward
 Beals C. Wright
walkover

1906
 Major Ritchie
 John Flavelle
6–0, 6–1, 7–5

1907
 Anthony Wilding
 Major Ritchie
6–2, 6–1, 6–0

1908
 Hare William Powell
 Major Ritchie
6–4, 3–3 retired

1909
 Major Ritchie
 Harry Parker
11–13, 6–4 6–1, 6–0

1910
 Anthony Wilding
 Major Ritchie
6–4, 6–3, 2–0 retired

1911
 Anthony Wilding
 Alfred Beamish
7–5, 6–2, 6–3

1912
 Anthony Wilding
 Otto Froitzheim
walkover

1913
 Arthur Lowe
 Wallace F. Johnson
7–5, 6–4, 4–6, 4–6, 6–4

1914
 Arthur Lowe
 Percival Davson
6–2, 7–5, 6–4

1915
Not held (due to World War I)

1916

1917

1918

1919
 Pat O'Hara Wood
 Louis Raymond
6–4, 6–0, 2–6, 7–5

1920
 William Johnston
 Bill Tilden
4–6, 6–2, 6–4

1921
 Zenzo Shimizu
 Mohammed Sleem
6–2, 6–0

1922
 Henry Mayes
 Donald Greig
6–8, 6–2, 6–2, 6–1

1923
 Vincent Richards
 Sydney M. Jacob
6–2, 6–2

1924
 Algernon Kingscote
 Arthur Lowe
3–6, 8–6, 6–3, 6–2

1925
 Arthur Lowe
 Henry Mayes
6–2, 9–7

1926
 Henry Mayes
 Arthur Lowe
6–3, 6–2

1927
 Henry Mayes
 D.M. Evans
6–3, 6–3

1928
 Bill Tilden
 Francis Hunter
6–3, 6–2, 6–1

1929
 Bill Tilden /  Francis Hunter
title shared

1930
 Wilmer Allison
 Gregory Mangin
6–4, 8–6

1931
 John Olliff
 Edward Avory
3–6, 6–4, 6–2

1932
 Jack Crawford
 Hendrik Timmer
1–6, 6–3, 6–3, 6–4

1933
 Ellsworth Vines /  Lester Stoefen
title shared

1934
 Sidney Wood
 Frank Shields
6–4, 6–3

1935
 Wilmer Allison /  Clarence Jones
title shared

1936
 Donald Budge
 David P. Jones
6–4, 6–3

1937
 Donald Budge
 Henry Austin
6–1, 6–2

1938
 Henry Austin
 Kho Sin-Kie
6–2, 6–0

1939
 Gottfried von Cramm
 Ghaus Mohammad
6–1, 6–3

1940
Not held (due to World War II)

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946
 Pancho Segura
 Colin Long
6–4, 7–5

1947
 Robert Falkenburg
 Colin Long
6–4, 7–5

1948
 Robert Falkenburg /  Eric Sturgess
title shared

1949
 Ted Schroeder
 Gardnar Mulloy
8–6, 6–0

1950
 John Bromwich
 Arthur Larsen
6–2, 6–4

1951
 Eric Sturgess
 Frank Sedgman
6–4 5–7 6–2

1952
 Frank Sedgman
 Mervyn Rose
10–8, 6–2

1953
 Lew Hoad
 Ken Rosewall
8–6, 10–8

1954
 Lew Hoad
 Mervyn Rose
8–6, 6–4

1955
 Ken Rosewall
 Lew Hoad
6–2, 6–3

1956
 Neale Fraser
 Ken Rosewall
7–5, 3–6, 9–7

1957
 Ashley Cooper
 Gerry Lafferty
6–8, 6–2, 6–3

1958
 Malcolm Anderson
 Robert Mark
1–6, 11–9, 6–3

1959
 Ramanathan Krishnan
 Neale Fraser
6–3, 6–0

1960
 Andrés Gimeno
 Roy Emerson
8–6,6–3

1961
 Bob Hewitt
 Robert McKinley
6–2 6–3

1962
 Rod Laver
 Roy Emerson
6–4 7–5

1963
 Roy Emerson
 Owen Davidson
6–1 6–2

1964
 Roy Emerson
 Toomas Leius
12–10, 6–4

1965
 Roy Emerson
 Dennis Ralston
walkover

1966
 Roy Emerson
 Tony Roche
walkover

1967
 John Newcombe
 Roger Taylor
7–5, 6–3

1968
 Clark Graebner /  Tom Okker
title shared (rainout)

Open Era

1969
 Fred Stolle
 John Newcombe
6–3, 22–20

1970
 Rod Laver
 John Newcombe
6–4, 6–3

1971
 Stan Smith
 John Newcombe
8–6, 6–3

1972
 Jimmy Connors
 John Paish
6–2, 6–3

1973
 Ilie Năstase
 Roger Taylor
10–8, 6–3

1974
Not held

1975

1976

1977
 Raúl Ramírez
 Mark Cox
9–7, 7–5

1978
 Tony Roche
 John McEnroe
8–6, 9–7

1979
 John McEnroe
 Víctor Pecci
6–7, 6–1, 6–1

1980
 John McEnroe
 Kim Warwick
6–3, 6–1

1981
 John McEnroe
 Brian Gottfried
7–6, 7–5

1982
 Jimmy Connors
 John McEnroe
7–5, 6–3

1983
 Jimmy Connors
 John McEnroe
6–3, 6–3

1984
 John McEnroe
 Leif Shiras
6–1, 3–6, 6–2

1985
 Boris Becker
 Johan Kriek
6–2, 6–3

1986
 Tim Mayotte
 Jimmy Connors
6–4, 2–1 (retired)

1987
 Boris Becker
 Jimmy Connors
6–7, 6–3, 6–4

1988
 Boris Becker
 Stefan Edberg
6–1, 3–6, 6–3

1989
 Ivan Lendl
 Christo van Rensburg
4–6, 6–3, 6–4

1990
 Ivan Lendl
 Boris Becker
6–3, 6–2

1991
 Stefan Edberg
 David Wheaton
6–2, 6–3

1992
 Wayne Ferreira
 Shuzo Matsuoka
6–3, 6–4

1993
 Michael Stich
 Wayne Ferreira
6–3, 6–4

1994
 Todd Martin
 Pete Sampras
7–6(7–4), 7–6(7–4)

1995
 Pete Sampras
 Guy Forget
7–6(7–3), 7–6(8–6)

1996
 Boris Becker
 Stefan Edberg
6–4, 7–6(7–3)

1997
 Mark Philippoussis
 Goran Ivanišević
7–5, 6–3

1998
 Scott Draper
 Laurence Tieleman
7–6(7–5), 6–4

1999
 Pete Sampras
 Tim Henman
6–7(1–7), 6–4, 7–6(7–4)

2000
 Lleyton Hewitt
 Pete Sampras
6–4, 6–4

2001
 Lleyton Hewitt
 Tim Henman
7–6(7–3), 7–6(7–3)

2002
 Lleyton Hewitt
 Tim Henman
4–6, 6–1, 6–4

2003
 Andy Roddick
 Sébastien Grosjean
6–3, 6–3

2004
 Andy Roddick
 Sébastien Grosjean
7–6(7–4), 6–4

2005
 Andy Roddick
 Ivo Karlović
7–6(9–7), 7–6(7–4)

2006
 Lleyton Hewitt
 James Blake
6–4, 6–4

2007
 Andy Roddick
 Nicolas Mahut
4–6, 7–6(9–7), 7–6(7–2)

2008
 Rafael Nadal
 Novak Djokovic
7–6(8–6), 7–5

2009
 Andy Murray
 James Blake
7–5, 6–4

2010
 Sam Querrey
 Mardy Fish
7–6(7–3), 7–5

2011
 Andy Murray
 Jo-Wilfried Tsonga
3–6, 7–6(7–2), 6–4

2012
 Marin Čilić
 David Nalbandian
6–7(3–7), 4–3 default

2013
 Andy Murray
 Marin Čilić
5–7, 7–5, 6–3

2014
 Grigor Dimitrov
 Feliciano López
6–7(8–10), 7–6(7–1), 7–6(8–6)

2015
 Andy Murray
 Kevin Anderson
6–3, 6–4

2016
 Andy Murray
 Milos Raonic
6–7(5–7), 6–4, 6–3

2017
 Feliciano López
 Marin Čilić
4–6, 7–6(7–2), 7–6(10–8)

text: Women[edit]

text:
Year
Champions
Runners-up
Score

1890
 May Jacks
 Maud Shackle
6–2, 6–1

1891
 Maud Shackle
 May Jacks
6–2, 4–6, 6–3

1892
 Maud Shackle
 Edith Austin
6–2, 6–3

1893
 Maud Shackle
 Edith Austin
6–2, 6–1

1894
 Edith Austin
 Charlotte Cooper
8–6, 11–9

1895
 Maud Shackle
 Edith Austin
6–2, 7–5

1896
 Charlotte Cooper
 Agatha Templeman

1897
 Charlotte Cooper
 Edith Austin
2–6, 6–2, 6–2

1898
 Charlotte Cooper
 Edith Austin
6–4, 3–6, 8–6

1899
 Edith Austin
 Charlotte Cooper
12–10, 2–6, 9–7

1900
 Charlotte Cooper
 Edith Greville

1901
 Edith Austin
 Ethel Thomson
6–1, 6–1

1902
 Charlotte Cooper Sterry
 Ruth Durlacher

1903
 Agnes Morton
 Edith Greville

1904
 Agnes Morton
 Ellen Stawell-Brown

1905
 Ethel Thomson
 Edith Greville

1906
 Ethel Thomson
 Mildred Coles

1907
 Violet Pinckney
 Dorothea Lambert Chambers
2–6, 6–3, 6–4

1908
 Violet Pinckney
 Dorothea Lambert Chambers
6–3, 6–2

1909
 Aurea Edgington
 Madeline Fisher O'Neill

1910
 Gladys Lamplough
 Edith Johnson

1911
 Mildred Coles
 Agnes Morton

1912
 Ethel Larcombe
 Dorothy Holman
6–1, 6–0

1913
 Ethel Larcombe
 Aurea Edgington

1914
 Ethel Larcombe
 Beryl Tulloch

1915
Not held (due to World War I)

1916

1917

1918

1919
 Ethel Larcombe
 Dorothy Holman
6–4, 8–6

1920
 Dorothy Holman
 Ethel Larcombe
w.o.

1921
 Mabel Clayton
 Dorothy Holman

1922
 Mabel Clayton
 W. Keays

1923
 Elizabeth Ryan
 Geraldine Beamish
6–2, 1–6, 6–2

1924
 Elizabeth Ryan
 Doris Covell Craddock

1925
 Elizabeth Ryan
 Ermyntrude Harvey
6–0, 6–1

1926
 Dorothy Kemmis-Betty
 Eileen Bennett
7–5, 6–2

1927
 Dorothy Kemmis-Betty
 Enid Head Broadbridge
6–0, 6–1

1928
 Joan Ridley
 Helene Contostavlos
4–6, 6–1, 6–0

1929
 Elizabeth Ryan
 Elsie Goldsack
6–2, 2–6, 6–2

1930
 Madge List
 Margaret McKane Stocks
6–1, 6–3

1931
 Elsie Goldsack Pittman
 Kitty McKane Godfree
9–7, 6–4

1932
 Dorothy Andrus
 Jadwiga Jędrzejowska
1–6, 7–5, 6–4

1933
 Elsie Goldsack Pittman /  Helen Wills Moody
title shared

1934
 Jacqueline Goldschmidt
 Dorothy Andrus
5–7, 6–2, 6–0

1935
 Anita Lizana /  Sylvie Jung Henrotin
title shared

1936
 Jadwiga Jędrzejowska
 Susan Noel
6–2, 6–4

1937
 Jadwiga Jędrzejowska
 Kay Stammers
6–3, 6–0

1938
 Jadwiga Jędrzejowska
 Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling
6–3, 6–0

1939
 Jadwiga Jędrzejowska
 Hilde Krahwinkel Sperling
6–1, 6–4

1940
Not held (due to World War II)

1941

1942

1943

1944

1945

1946
 Doris Hart
 Margaret Osborne
6–8, 6–3, 6–3

1947
 Doris Hart
 Margaret Osborne
6–4, 6–0

1948
 Doris Hart
 Margaret Osborne duPont
title shared

1949
 Louise Brough
 Margaret Osborne duPont
3–6, 6–1, 6–3

1950
 Doris Hart
 Margaret Osborne duPont
4–6, 6–4, 6–4

1951
 Shirley Fry
 Nancy Chaffee
6–3, 8–6

1952
 Hazel Redick-Smith
 Elizabeth Wilford
7–5, 6–1

1953
 Jean Rinkel-Quertier
 Heather Nicholls
6–1, 4–6, 6–2

1954
 Louise Brough
 Shirley Fry
6–1, 6–4

1955
 Louise Brough
 Jean Forbes
6–3, 6–1

1956
 Angela Buxton
 Patricia Ward
6–4, 6–0

1957
 Mimi Arnold
 Zsuzsa Körmöczy
6–1, 5–7, 6–3

1958
 Berenice Carr
 Margaret Varner
6–4, 5–7, 8–6

1959
 Yola Ramírez
 Christiane Mercelis
2–6, 6–1, 6–3

1960
 Christine Truman
 Karen Hantze Susman
6–4, 6–3

1961
 Margaret Smith
 Nancy Richey
6–0, 4–6, 6–2

1962
 Rita Bentley
 Lorna Cornell
7–5, 7–5

1963
 Robyn Ebbern
 Rita Bentley
6–3, 6–3

1964
 Margaret Smith
 Ann Haydon Jones
6–3, 6–2

1965
 Annette Van Zyl
 Christine Truman
6–3, 4–6, 6–4

1966
 Françoise Dürr
 Judy Tegart
4–6, 6–3, 7–5

1967
 Nancy Richey
 Kerry Melville
2–6, 6–2, 6–4

1968
 Ann Haydon Jones
 Nancy Richey
title divided

1969
 Ann Haydon Jones
 Winnie Shaw
6–0, 6–1

1970
 Margaret Court
 Winnie Shaw
2–6, 8–6, 6–2

1971
 Margaret Court
 Billie Jean King
6–3, 3–6, 6–3

1972
 Olga Morozova
 Evonne Goolagong
6–2, 6–3

1973
 Chris Evert
 Karen Krantzcke
6–4, 6–0

text: Doubles[edit]

text: Men[edit]

text: Since 1969:

text: (Note: Tournament dates back to 1890)

text:
Year
Champions
Runners-up
Score

1969
 Owen Davidson
 Dennis Ralston
 Ove Nils Bengtson
 Thomaz Koch
8–6, 6–3

1970
 Tom Okker
 Marty Riessen
 Arthur Ashe
 Charlie Pasarell
7–9, 6–4, 9–7

1971
 Tom Okker
 Marty Riessen
 Stan Smith
 Erik Van Dillen
8–6, 4–6, 15–13

1972
 Jim McManus
 Jim Osborne
 Jürgen Fassbender
 Karl Meiler
4–6, 6–3, 7–5

1973
 Tom Okker
 Marty Riessen
 Ray Keldie
 Raymond Moore
6–4, 7–5

1974–1976
Not Held

1977
 Anand Amritraj
 Vijay Amritraj
 John Lloyd
 David Lloyd
6–1, 6–2

1978
 Bob Hewitt
 Frew McMillan
 Fred McNair
 Raúl Ramírez
6–2, 7–5

1979
 Tim Gullikson
 Tom Gullikson
 Marty Riessen
 Sherwood Stewart
6–4, 6–4

1980
 Rod Frawley
 Geoff Masters
 Paul McNamee
 Sherwood Stewart
6–2, 4–6, 11–9

1981
 Pat Du Pré
 Brian Teacher
 Kevin Curren
 Steve Denton
3–6, 7–6, 11–9

1982
 John McEnroe
 Peter Rennert
 Victor Amaya
 Hank Pfister
7–6, 7–5

1983
 Brian Gottfried
 Paul McNamee
 Kevin Curren
 Steve Denton
6–4, 6–3

1984
 Pat Cash
 Paul McNamee
 Bernard Mitton
 Butch Walts
6–4, 6–3

1985
 Ken Flach
 Robert Seguso
 Pat Cash
 John Fitzgerald
3–6, 6–3, 16–14

1986
 Kevin Curren
 Guy Forget
 Darren Cahill
 Mark Kratzmann
6–2, 7–6

1987
 Guy Forget
 Yannick Noah
 Rick Leach
 Tim Pawsat
6–4, 6–4

1988
 Ken Flach
 Robert Seguso
 Pieter Aldrich
 Danie Visser
6–2, 7–6

1989
 Darren Cahill
 Mark Kratzmann
 Tim Pawsat
 Laurie Warder
7–6, 6–3

1990
 Jeremy Bates
 Kevin Curren
 Henri Leconte
 Ivan Lendl
7–6, 6–4

1991
 Todd Woodbridge
 Mark Woodforde
 Grant Connell
 Glenn Michibata
7–6, 6–4

1992
 John Fitzgerald
 Anders Järryd
 Goran Ivanišević
 Diego Nargiso
6–4, 7–6

1993
 Todd Woodbridge
 Mark Woodforde
 Neil Broad
 Gary Muller
6–4, 6–7, 6–3

1994
 Jan Apell
 Jonas Björkman
 Todd Woodbridge
 Mark Woodforde
5–7, 7–6, 6–4

1995
 Todd Martin
 Pete Sampras
 Jan Apell
 Jonas Björkman
6–4, 6–2

1996
 Todd Woodbridge
 Mark Woodforde
 Sébastien Lareau
 Alex O'Brien
6–2, 6–7, 6–3

1997
 Mark Philippoussis
 Patrick Rafter
 Sandon Stolle
 Cyril Suk
6–2, 4–6, 7–5

1998
 Todd Woodbridge &  Mark Woodforde
                   vs
 Jonas Björkman &  Patrick Rafter
title shared (rainout)

1999
 Sébastien Lareau
 Alex O'Brien
 Todd Woodbridge
 Mark Woodforde
6–3, 7–6

2000
 Todd Woodbridge
 Mark Woodforde
 Jonathan Stark
 Eric Taino
7–6, 6–4

2001
 Bob Bryan
 Mike Bryan
 Eric Taino
 David Wheaton
6–3, 6–2

2002
 Wayne Black
 Kevin Ullyett
 Mahesh Bhupathi
 Max Mirnyi
7–6, 3–6, 6–3

2003
 Mark Knowles
 Daniel Nestor
 Mahesh Bhupathi
 Max Mirnyi
6–3, 6–4

2004
 Bob Bryan
 Mike Bryan
 Mark Knowles
 Daniel Nestor
6–3, 6–4

2005
 Bob Bryan
 Mike Bryan
 Jonas Björkman
 Max Mirnyi
7–6(11–9), 7–6(7–4)

2006
 Paul Hanley
 Kevin Ullyett
 Jonas Björkman
 Max Mirnyi
6–4, 7–6

2007
 Mark Knowles
 Daniel Nestor
 Bob Bryan
 Mike Bryan
7–5, 6–4

2008
 Daniel Nestor
 Nenad Zimonjić
 Marcelo Melo
 André Sá
6–4, 7–6 (7–3)

2009
 Wesley Moodie
 Mikhail Youzhny
 Marcelo Melo
 André Sá
6–4, 4–6, [10–6]

2010
 Novak Djokovic
 Jonathan Erlich
 Karol Beck
 David Škoch
7–6(8–6), 2–6, [10–3]

2011
 Bob Bryan
 Mike Bryan
 Mahesh Bhupathi
 Leander Paes
6–7(2–7), 7–6(7–4), [10–6]

2012
 Max Mirnyi
 Daniel Nestor
 Bob Bryan
 Mike Bryan
6–3, 6–4

2013
 Bob Bryan
 Mike Bryan
 Alexander Peya
 Bruno Soares
4–6, 7–5, [10–3]

2014
 Alexander Peya
 Bruno Soares
 Jamie Murray
 John Peers
4–6, 7–6, [10–4]

2015
 Pierre-Hugues Herbert
 Nicolas Mahut
 Nenad Zimonjić
 Marcin Matkowski
6–2, 6–2

2016
 Pierre-Hugues Herbert
 Nicolas Mahut
 Chris Guccione
 André Sá
6–3, 7–6(7–5)

2017
 Jamie Murray
 Bruno Soares
 Julien Benneteau
 Édouard Roger-Vasselin
6–2, 6–3

text: Women[edit]

text:
Year
Champions
Runners-up
Score

1971
 Rosie Casals
 Billie Jean King
 Mary–Ann Curtis
 Valerie Ziegenfuss
6–2, 8–6

1972
 Rosie Casals
 Billie Jean King
 Brenda Kirk
 Pat Walkden
5–7, 6–0, 6–2

1973
 Rosie Casals
 Billie Jean King
 Françoise Dürr
 Betty Stöve
4–6, 6–3, 7–5

text: Junior championship finals[edit]

text:
Year
Champion
Runner-up

The Junior Championship

2007
 Uladzimir Ignatik
 Gastão Elias

2006
Iain Atkinson
 Nicolas Santos

2003
 Florin Mergea
 Chris Guccione

2002
 Alex Bogdanović
 Dudi Sela

The HSBC Junior Invitation Cup

2001
 Santiago González
Andrew Banks

The David Lloyd Leisure Cup

2000
 Lee Childs
Arnaud Segoda

1999
 Jarkko Nieminen
 Lee Childs

1998
 Edgardo Massa
Wei-Jen Chang

The Sam Whitbread Cup

1997
 Nicolás Massú
 Xavier Malisse

1996
 Jaymon Crabb
 Arvind Parmar

1995
 Alejandro Hernández
 Jamie Delgado

1994
 Jamie Delgado
 Nicolás Lapentti

1993
 Neville Godwin
 David Škoch

1992
 Grant Doyle
 Lucas Arnold

1991
 Leander Paes
 Nicolas Kischewitz

1990
 Andrew Foster
 Dirk Dier

text: Statistics[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Champions by country[edit]

text: Men's singles[edit]

text:
Country
Winner
First title
Last title

 United States (USA)
33
1905
2010

 Great Britain (GBR)
31
1890
2016

 Australia (AUS)
26
1919
2006

 New Zealand (NZL)
4
1907
1912

 Germany (GER)
3
1939
1996

 Spain (SPA)
3
1960
2017

 West Germany (FRG)
3
1985
1988

 South Africa (RSA)
2
1951
1992

 Czechoslovakia (TCH)
2
1989
1990

 Japan (JPN)
1
1921
1921

 Canada (CAN)
1
1927
1927

 India (IND)
1
1959
1959

 Romania (ROU)
1
1973
1973

 Mexico (MEX)
1
1977
1977

 Sweden (SWE)
1
1991
1991

 Croatia (CRO)
1
2012
2012

 Bulgaria (BUL)
1
2014
2014

text: Men's doubles[edit]

text:
Country
Winner
First title
Last title

 United States (USA)
32
1969
2013

 Australia (AUS)
23
1969
2006

 Canada (CAN)
5
1999
2012

 Sweden (SWE)
4
1992
1998

 France (FRA)
4
1986
2016

 Netherlands (NED)
3
1970
1973

 South Africa (RSA)
3
1978
2009

 Zimbabwe (ZIM)
3
2002
2006

 India (IND)
2
1977
1977

 Bahamas (BAH)
2
2003
2007

 Serbia (SER)
2
2008
2010

 Great Britain (GBR)
2
1990
2017

 Brazil (BRA)
2
2014
2017

 Russia (RUS)
1
2009
2009

 Israel (ISR)
1
2010
2010

 Belarus (BLR)
1
2012
2012

 Austria (AUT)
1
2014
2014

text: Players and winners[edit]

text:
Most titles – Andy Murray (5 singles), John McEnroe (4 singles and 1 doubles)
Most Singles titles 5 – Andy Murray.
Most Singles finals – Major Ritchie (8).
Youngest winner – Boris Becker, 17 years 207 days in 1985.
Oldest winner – Major Ritchie, 38 years old in 1909 (Open era oldest winner was Jimmy Connors at 30 years old in 1983)
Lowest-ranked champion – Scott Draper, ranked 108 in the world in 1998.
Lowest-ranked finalist – Laurence Tieleman, ranked 253 in the world in 1998.
Winners of both events – Pete Sampras in 1995 (doubles with Todd Martin), and Mark Philippoussis in 1997 (doubles with Patrick Rafter).
Most prize money received – Andy Murray €1,064,565 + $15,275 (£850,007 at 19/06/16 exchange rates)
22 of the last 25 Wimbledon champions have played at the Queen's Club Championships.
Several players have completed the Queen's/Wimbledon double, winning both events back to back, including Don Budge, Roy Emerson, John McEnroe, Jimmy Connors, Boris Becker, Pete Sampras, Lleyton Hewitt, Rafael Nadal and Andy Murray.

text: Matches[edit]

text:
Longest final – Sampras beat Henman in 151 minutes in 1999.
Shortest final – Stich beat Ferreira in 57 minutes in 1993.
Longest match (time) – Ashe beat Mitten in 6 hours and 16 minutes in 1979.
Longest match (games) – Odizor beat Forget in a match containing 65 games in 1987.

text: Attendance[edit]

text: Centre Court holds 6,479 spectators. The highest total attendance for the week was in 2003, when 52,553 people attended the event; The highest attendance for one day was 8,362 on 11 June 2003.