document_title: The Jungle Book (2016 film)

question_text: who voices the bear in the jungle book

question_tokens: who voices the bear in the jungle book

text: The Jungle Book (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mowgli is a "man cub" raised by the wolf Raksha and her pack, led by Akela, in an Indian jungle ever since he was brought to them as a baby by the black panther Bagheera. Bagheera trains Mowgli to learn the ways of the wolves, but the boy faces certain challenges and falls behind his wolf siblings while Akela disapproves of him using human tricks like building tools instead of learning the ways of the pack.

text: One day, during the dry season, the jungle animals gather to drink the water that remains as part of a truce during a drought that enables the jungle's wildlife to drink without fear of being eaten by their predators. The truce is disrupted when a scarred tiger named Shere Khan arrives detecting Mowgli's scent in the large crowd. Resentful against man for scarring him, he issues a warning that he will kill Mowgli at the end of the drought. After the drought ends, the wolves debate whether they should keep Mowgli or not. Mowgli decides to leave the jungle for the safety of his pack. Bagheera agrees with the decision and volunteers to guide him to the nearby man village.

text: En route, Shere Khan ambushes them and injures Bagheera, but Mowgli manages to escape. Later, Mowgli meets an enormous python named Kaa who hypnotizes him. While under her influence, Mowgli sees a vision of his father being mauled while protecting him from Shere Khan. The vision also warns of the destructive power of the "red flower" (fire). Kaa attempts to devour Mowgli, but she is attacked by a large brown sloth bear named Baloo, rescuing an unconscious Mowgli. Baloo and Mowgli bond while retrieving some difficult-to-access honey for Baloo and Mowgli agrees to stay with Baloo until the winter season arrives. Upon learning that Mowgli has left the jungle, Shere Khan kills Akela and threatens the pack to lure Mowgli out.

text: Bagheera eventually finds Mowgli and Baloo and is angered that Mowgli has not joined the humans as agreed, but Baloo calms him down and persuades both of them to sleep on it. During the night, Mowgli finds a herd of Indian elephants gathered around a ditch and uses his vines to save a baby elephant from the ditch. Although Baloo and Bagheera are both impressed, Baloo realizes that he cannot guarantee Mowgli's safety after learning that he is being hunted by Shere Khan. Baloo agrees to push Mowgli away to get him to continue onward to the man village.

text: Mowgli is kidnapped by the "Bandar-log" (monkeys) who present him to their leader, a giant ape named King Louie. Assuming that all humans can make fire, King Louie offers Mowgli protection from Shere Khan in exchange for it. Baloo distracts King Louie while Bagheera tries to sneak him out, but their plan is discovered. As King Louie chases Mowgli through his temple, he informs Mowgli of Akela's death. King Louie's rampage eventually causes his temple to collapse on top of him. Furious that Baloo and Bagheera never told him about Akela's death, Mowgli goes to confront Shere Khan alone.

text: Mowgli steals a lit torch at the village to use as a weapon and heads back to the jungle, accidentally starting a wildfire in the process. He confronts Shere Khan, who argues that Mowgli has made himself the enemy of the jungle by causing the wildfire. Mowgli throws the torch into the water, giving Shere Khan the advantage. Baloo, Bagheera, and the wolf pack intervene and hold Shere Khan off, giving Mowgli enough time to set a trap. He lures Shere Khan up a dead tree and onto a branch, which breaks under the tiger's weight and Shere Khan falls into the fire to his death. Mowgli then directs the elephants to divert the river and put out the fire.

text: In the aftermath, Raksha becomes the new leader of the wolf pack. Mowgli decides to utilize his equipment and tricks for his own use, having found his true home and calling with his wolf family, Baloo, and Bagheera.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Neel Sethi as Mowgli, a young boy who was raised by wolves.

Kendrick Reyes as toddler Mowgli

Ritesh Rajan as Mowgli's father

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Bill Murray as Baloo, a Sloth bear who befriends Mowgli.
Ben Kingsley as Bagheera, a Black panther who is Mowgli's mentor and protector.
Idris Elba as Shere Khan, a fearsome, scar-faced tiger with a grudge against Mowgli.
Lupita Nyong'o as Raksha, a female wolf who is Mowgli's adoptive mother.
Scarlett Johansson as Kaa, an enormous python.
Giancarlo Esposito as Akela, a male wolf who leads the pack.
Christopher Walken as King Louie, a giant ape who rules the Bandar-log.
Garry Shandling as Ikki, a porcupine that observes the Water Truce.[1]
Brighton Rose as Grey Brother, a wolf cub that is Mowgli's adoptive brother.[1]
Jon Favreau as Fred, a Pygmy Hog.[1]
Sam Raimi as a giant squirrel.[1]
Russell Peters as Rocky, a rhinoceros.[1]
Madeleine Favreau as Raquel, a rhinoceros.[1]
Sara Arrington as an antelope [1]

text: Emjay Anthony, Max Favreau, Chloe Hechter, Asher Blinkoff, Knox Gagnon, Sasha Schrieber, and Kai Schrieber voice the Young Wolves.[1]

text: Dee Bradley Baker, Artie Esposito, Sean Johnson, and Allan Trautman provide additional animal voices.[1]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and casting[edit]

text:
"The idea of going out to the jungle and shooting this, it just felt like it wouldn't have the magic that the 1967 film had had. There was a dreamlike quality to it. There was a surreal quality to it. It was a high-water mark for character animation and to me, that's what I remember about it. And so I wanted to make sure we preserved that...But what [Alan] Horn said was: Look at the technology. Look at Life of Pi, Avatar. Why not use the technology to create a whole world that transports you? Let's really embrace this new technology and see what we can do if we push its limit."

— Jon Favreau on approaching the film's technical intent.[9]

tag: div

text: Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action remake of The Jungle Book was in development on July 9, 2013, with Justin Marks set to write the script.[10] The film would be Disney's second live-action adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's works, following the 1994 film, and the studio's third overall after the 1967 animated musical. Jon Favreau was later confirmed as director on November 5, 2013.[11] Favreau as a child used to watch Disney's 1967 animated musical version.[12] He felt the need to strike a balance between the two films by retaining the buoyant spirit of the 1967 film, including some of its memorable songs, while crafting a movie with more realism and peril. He also stressed the importance of nature and realized how things have shifted during Kipling's time and now, "In Kipling's time, nature was something to be overcome. Now nature is something to be protected."[12] He was encouraged by Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan Horn to take advantage of the film's setting and story as an opportunity to use the latest advancements in photorealistic rendering, computer-generated imagery, and motion capture technologies.[13] The story of the film is not independently taken from Kipling's works, but also borrows cinematic inspirations from other films, including the child-mentor relationship in Shane (1953), the establishment of rules in a dangerous world from Goodfellas (1990) and the use of a shadowy jungle figure in Apocalypse Now (1979).[12]

text: The cast was announced between March and August 2014, with Idris Elba being announced to voice Shere Khan during early stages and Bill Murray eventually confirmed as the voice of Baloo in August 2014. Between then, Scarlett Johansson, Ben Kingsley, and Christopher Walken were confirmed to play Kaa, Bagheera, and King Louie.[14][15][16][17] Favreau decided to cast Johansson to play Kaa, originally a male character, as he felt the original film was "a little too male-oriented."[18] Favreau and Marks noticed the lack of female characters in the 1967 film version and wanted to address that by featuring Raksha's character more prominently, as in Kipling's tales.[12] Lupita Nyong'o was cast as Raksha as Favreau believed her voice imbued the emotion required for the role, "Lupita has tremendous depth of emotion in her performance. There's an emotional underpinning she brings, and a strength, and we wanted that for this surrogate mother. Much of that comes from her voice."[19] Favreau also decided to change King Louie from an orangutan to a Gigantopithecus due to the fact that orangutans are not native to India, where the story takes place.[7] His character was given a slight alteration from the 1967 film and was partly inspired by Marlon Brando's character Colonel Kurtz in Apocalypse Now,[12] as well as incorporating Walken's own physical mannerisms.[20] In regards to Louie's changes, Favreau stated, "We created this looming figure that was trying to extract the secret of fire from Mowgli. And also this gave Mowgli the idea that if he had fire, he could have power over Shere Khan, whether it was good or bad. So there was a Lord of the Rings aspect to that; the fire was almost like the ring in that was going to give someone ultimate power, but corrupt them as well as create destruction."[21] The film is dedicated to Garry Shandling, who voiced a porcupine in the film and died of a heart attack before the film's release.

text: The search for casting Mowgli was extensive, with thousands of children auditioning from the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Canada. Eventually, newcomer Neel Sethi was confirmed for the role, with casting director Rebecca Williams describing him as embodying "the heart, humor, and daring of the character. He's warm and accessible, yet also has an intelligence well beyond his years and impressed us all with his ability to hold his own in any situation."[22] Sethi underwent parkour training in preparation for the role.[8] Pixar Animation Studios assisted in the development of the story, as well as providing suggestions for the film's end credits sequence.[23]

text: Filming and visual effects[edit]

text: Principal photography took place entirely on sound stages at L.A. Center Studios[21] in downtown Los Angeles.[19][24] The animal characters were created entirely in key frame computer animation, with the assistance of footage of real animal movement, the actors recording their lines, and performance capture for reference.[7] The production team underwent a thorough process to realistically convey the animals' speaking, while still making them perceptually believable to the audience. Favreau researched earlier films featuring anthropomorphic animals—including Walt Disney's animated features, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Bambi, as well as modern films such as Babe—and adopted certain techniques from those films into The Jungle Book.[21] Nearly 70 separate species of animals native to India are featured in the film, with several species being portrayed as "150% larger" than their actual counterparts.[21]

text: Jim Henson's Creature Shop was brought in to provide animal puppet figures for Sethi to act against, although none appear in the finished film.[25] The animal puppets were performed by Artie Esposito, Sean Johnson, Allan Trautman, and April Warren.[1] Favreau utilized motion capture with certain actors, expressing a desire to avoid overusing the technology in order to prevent evoking an uncanny valley effect.[7][18]

text: Moving Picture Company (MPC) and Weta Digital created the film's visual effects.[13] MPC developed new software for animating muscular structure in the animals.[21] Around 1,000 remote jungle locations in India were photographed and used as reference in post-production.[26] Weta was responsible for animating the King Louie sequence, with visual effects supervisor Keith Miller adding that, "It was important for Jon to see Christopher Walken in the creature. So we took some of the distinctive Walken facial features—iconic lines, wrinkles and folds—and integrated them into the animated character."[27] Favreau expressed desire in wanting the film's 3D shots to imbue the abilities of the multiplane camera system utilized in Disney's earlier animated films.[23] At Favreau's behest, the idea was extended into the film's version of the Walt Disney Pictures opening production logo, which was recreated as "a hand-painted, cel-animated multi-plane logo" in homage to the animated films of that era, also incorporating the word "Presents" in the same style as the 1967 film's opening credits.[23] The film's ending also features the original physical book that opened the 1967 film.[23]

text: Sound[edit]

text: Director Jon Favreau and composer John Debney sought to recreate the Fantasound experience Walt Disney, himself, had in mind. When mixing the soundtrack in Dolby Atmos, as Favreau said, "we isolated instruments when we could. And in the sound mix, we created a Fantasound mix. If you see the film in Atmos, you will feel that there are instruments that move around the theater."[28] A mention for Fantasound appears in the film's closing credits.

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score for The Jungle Book was composed and conducted by frequent Favreau collaborator John Debney,[29] mostly drawing from George Bruns' original music. Though Favreau decided not to make the film a musical, nevertheless, he and Debney incorporated several songs from the 1967 animated film.[30] "The Bare Necessities," written by Terry Gilkyson, is performed by Murray and Sethi,[12] and a cover version by Dr. John is featured in the end credits. "I Wan'na Be Like You" and "Trust in Me"—written by the Sherman Brothers—are performed by Walken and Johansson, respectively; Richard M. Sherman wrote revised lyrics for Walken's version of "I Wan'na Be Like You."[12] Johansson's rendition of "Trust in Me" was produced by Mark Ronson and appears in the end credits only.[12]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Jungle Book (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Film score by John Debney

Released
April 15, 2016

Recorded
2015–16

Studio
Sony Pictures Studios (score)
Esplanade Studios, New Orleans
Chalice Recording Studios
Music Shed Studios, New Orleans

Genre
Orchestral, swing jazz

Length
74:17

Label
Walt Disney

Producer
John Debney

John Debney chronology

The Young Messiah
(2016) The Young Messiah2016
The Jungle Book
(2016) The Jungle Book2016
Mother's Day
(2016) Mother's Day2016

text: Walt Disney Records released the film's soundtrack on April 15, 2016.[31]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"The Bare Necessities"
Terry Gilkyson
Dr. John and The Nite Trippers
3:36

2.
"Trust in Me"
Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman
Scarlett Johansson
2:55

3.
"Main Titles[Note 1] / Jungle Run"
John Debney & George Bruns

2:27

4.
"Wolves / Law of the Jungle"
John Debney

2:16

5.
"Water Truce"
John Debney

3:40

6.
"Rains Return"
John Debney

1:46

7.
"Mowgli's Leaving / Elephant Theme"
John Debney

3:28

8.
"Shere Khan Attacks / Stampede"
John Debney

2:06

9.
"Kaa / Baloo to the Rescue"

5:21

10.
"Honeycomb Climb"

3:31

11.
"Man Village"

2:59

12.
"Mowgli and the Pit"

3:26

13.
"Monkeys Kidnap Mowgli"

1:52

14.
"Arriving at King Louie's Temple"

4:35

15.
"Cold Lair Chase"

4:03

16.
"Red Flower"

3:15

17.
"To the River"

3:05

18.
"Shere Khan's War Theme"

2:37

19.
"Shere Khan and the Fire"

4:52

20.
"Elephant Waterfall"

3:27

21.
"Mowgli Wins the Race"

0:41

22.
"Jungle Book Closes"

2:16

23.
"I Wan'na Be Like You"
Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. Sherman
Christopher Walken
3:02

24.
"The Bare Necessities"
Terry Gilkyson
Bill Murray, Kermit Ruffins
3:01

Total length:
74:17

text: Note 1. ^ Original "When You Wish Upon a Star" melody composed by Leigh Harline; Walt Disney Pictures logo melody composed by Mark Mancina.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was originally scheduled for October 9, 2015, but the film's release date was later postponed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures to April 15, 2016.[32][33] The film was released in the Dolby Vision format in Dolby Cinema in the United States,[34] and is the first film to be released in Dolby Vision 3D (in a few select theaters in New York City and Chicago).[35] The Jungle Book held its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre on April 4, 2016.[36] It was released in 15 countries, a week ahead of its U.S. debut on April 15, in countries like Argentina, Australia, Russia, Malaysia, and most notably in India on April 8.[37] The release date in India was strategic for the film as it coincided with the Indian New Year and was a holiday in most parts of the country.[38] Disney India commissioned a contemporary recording of "Jungle Jungle Baat Chali Hai," overseen by the song's composers Vishal Bhardwaj and Gulzar, and released it as part of the film's promotional campaign in India.[39][40]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released digitally on August 23, 2016, and on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30 (August 22 in the UK[41]). A 3D Blu-ray was said to be coming by the end of the year.[42] The film topped the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart for two consecutive weeks.[43][44]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film became a huge financial success and a surprise hit.[45] It briefly held the record for the biggest remake of all time until the studio's own Beauty and the Beast surpassed it the following year.[46] It grossed $364 million in the United States and Canada and $602.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $966.6 million, against a budget of $175 million.[5] Worldwide, the film was released across 28,000 RealD 3D screens[35] and had an IMAX worldwide opening of $20.4 million from 901 IMAX screens, a new record for a PG film.[47] It grossed a total of $39 million in IMAX screens worldwide.[48] On May 13, it became the second film of 2016 (after the studio's own Zootopia) to pass the $800 million mark.[49][50] On June 10, it became the third film of 2016 after Zootopia and Captain America: Civil War to pass the $900 million mark.[51] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $258 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the sixth-most profitable release of 2016.[52]

text: United States and Canada[edit]

text: Projections for its opening weekend in the United States and Canada were continuously revised upwards, starting from $60 million to as high as $88 million, with female and older male quadrants being the prime draw.[3][35][53][54] The Jungle Book was shown across 4,028 theaters of which 3,100 theaters (75%) were in 3D, including 376 IMAX screens, 463 premium large format screens, and 145 D-Box locations.[3][4][55] It opened Friday, April 15, 2016, on around 9,500 screens across 4,028 theaters, and earned $32.4 million, the fourth-biggest April Friday.[35][56] This includes $4.2 million from Thursday previews, the biggest preview number for a Disney live-adaptation film (tied with Maleficent),[57] an almost unheard-of for a PG title which rarely attracts many ticketbuyers later in the night.[58] In total, it earned $103.3 million in its opening weekend, exceeding expectations by 40% and recorded the biggest PG-rated April opening (breaking Hop's record), the second-biggest Disney live-action adaptation opening (behind Alice in Wonderland), and the second-biggest April opening (behind Furious 7).[35][59][60] It also performed exceptionally well in both 3D and IMAX formats, where they both generated an income of $44 million and $10.4 million of the film's opening-weekend gross, respectively, the later broke the record for the biggest April Disney release IMAX opening.[35][47] Notably, it also became the only second PG-rated release to ever open above $100 million (following Alice in Wonderland) and the third film of 2016 overall to open above $100 million (following Deadpool and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice).[35][61] It earned $130.7 million in its first full week, the second-biggest for a Disney live-action adaptation, behind only Alice in Wonderland's $146.6 million seven-day gross.[62]

text: Buoyed by excellent word of mouth and benefiting from spring break, it fell only by 40% in its second weekend earning $61.5 million, still maintaining the top position and far surpassing newcomer The Huntsman: Winter's War.[63] That puts The Jungle Book in the top fifteen second weekends of all time and in terms of films that opened above $100 million, it scored the fourth-smallest drop behind Shrek 2 (−33%), Spider-Man (−39%), and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (−39%).[64][65] Of those numbers, $5.6 million came from IMAX shows for a two weekend cumulative total of $18.4 million which represents about 10% of its entire North American box office gross.[63] It crossed $200 million on its twelfth day of release[66] and managed to hold the top spot for the third consecutive weekend with $43.7 million from 4,041 theaters (an addition of 13 more theaters), a fall of only 29%, outgrossing the next six pictures combined (including the openings of three newcomers)[67] and recorded the sixth-biggest third weekend of all time.[68] Moreover, the 29% drop is the smallest third-weekend drop (from its second weekend) for a $100 million opener ever.[68] Disney added an additional 103 theaters for the film's fourth weekend of release which propelled its theater count to 4,144 theaters,[69] but nevertheless, it was overtaken by Disney's own Captain America: Civil War after experiencing a 50% decline.[70][71] It passed $300 million on its thirtieth day of release, on May 14, as it continued to witness marginal declines in the wake of several new releases weekend after weekend.[72] It made 3.53 times its opening weekend numbers, which is one of the biggest of all time for a film opening above $100 million. It became one of the few surprise hits and one of the highest-grossing films of the year, alongside Finding Dory, The Secret Life of Pets, and Zootopia, centered around talking animals to dominate the year-end chart.[45]

text: Other Countries[edit]

text: The film was released in approximately 70 countries.[73] Outside the US and Canada, it opened across 15 markets and 69 IMAX screens a week ahead of its US debut, and faced notable competition from newcomer The Huntsman: Winter's War and holdover Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the latter of which was entering its third weekend. The reason behind the divided release pattern was because Disney wanted to get some space before Captain America: Civil War releases in early May, as well as availing school holidays and avoiding local competitors.[74] It eventually grossed $31.7 million, debuting at first place in all markets and second overall at the international box office, behind Dawn of Justice, which was playing across 67 markets.[74] In its second weekend, it expanded to an additional 49 countries (88% of its total marketplace) and grossed $138.6 million from 64 countries, easily topping the international box office, a bulk of it came from China.[75] Approximately 63% or $85 million of that came from 3D screenings, with the largest 3D opening haul represented by China (98%), Germany (83%), Brazil (73%), Russia (60%), Mexico (47%), and the UK (39%).[75] $10 million alone came from 525 IMAX screens, a record for a PG and April release.[47] It further continued to hold the top spot in its third weekend after adding another $98.9 million from 53 territories, falling only by a marginal 32%. IMAX generated another $6.1 million from 484 IMAX theaters for a three-weekend total of $20.6 million.[48] After three straight No. 1 runs, it was finally dethroned by the studio's Captain America: Civil War in its fourth weekend.[76]

text: In India, it scored the second-biggest opening day for a Hollywood film, earning $1.51 million (behind Avengers: Age of Ultron) from around 1,500 screens[77] and went on to score the second-biggest Hollywood opening weekend of all time, with $8.4 million from 1,600 screens, behind only Furious 7 in terms of local as well as U.S. currency,[78][79] performing better than expected and its initial $5–6 million opening projection.[77] Its opening weekend in India alone surpassed the entire lifetime total of Disney's other live-fantasy adaptations—Cinderella, Maleficent, Oz the Great and Powerful, and Alice in Wonderland—in the country.[74] It then went on to score the biggest opening and single week for a Hollywood film with $15.1 million.[73][80] In its second weekend, it dropped just by a mere 40% to $4.97 million.[81] In just ten days, it became the fourth-highest-grossing Hollywood film there with $21.2 million.[59] On Wednesday, April 19—its twelfth day of release—it surpassed Furious 7 to become the highest-grossing Hollywood/foreign release of all time there.[82][83] By the end of its theatrical run, the film made an estimated $38.8 million with half of its revenue—58%—coming from local dubbed versions, compared to Avengers: Age of Ultron, which saw 45% of its revenue from dubbed versions.[84]

text: In China, where the film was locally known as Fantasy Forest, expectations were high, with projections going as high $154–200 million or more.[85][86][87][88] Ultimately, it was unable to hit these marks.[72] Before the release of the film in the state, Disney had a very successful run at the box office with Zootopia the previous month, in which anthropomorphic animals were the central figure.[89] Forbes noted that The Jungle Book was precisely the sort of film that Chinese audiences love with its 3D visuals, heartwarming story, and talking animal cast.[86] It earned around $12 million on its opening day, including $300,000 worth of previews from 65,000 screenings.[86] Buoyed by good word of mouth and positive reception (albeit mostly from audiences with polarized reception from Chinese critics),[90] it rose 72% on its second day to $20 million.[88] Through its opening weekend it grossed $48.5 million, including $5.1 million from 279 IMAX screens, a new record for April release.[59][91] Its opening marked the biggest Walt Disney Pictures film opening ever,[92] the second-biggest for a family film (behind Kung Fu Panda 3), the second-biggest April debut (behind Furious 7), and the fourth-biggest Disney opening (behind Avengers: Age of Ultron, Iron Man 3, and Star Wars: The Force Awakens).[93] It topped the daily box office through the whole opening week and went on to remain at the top of the box office for a second weekend, after dropping by a mere 20% to $29.8 million, despite facing some competitions.[94] It ended its run there with a total of $150.1 million after thirty days of playing in theaters, adding $1.2 million on its last day. Albeit falling just below expectations, it nevertheless emerged as a huge financial success and becoming the fourth-biggest Disney release there.[72][95]

text: In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it had an opening weekend total of £9.9 million ($14.1 million) from 594 theaters[96] and in France with $8.1 million.[75] Elsewhere, the highest openings were recorded in Russia and the CIS ($7.4 million), Germany ($5.1 million), Spain ($3.9 million), Australia ($2.8 million), Argentina ($2.3 million), and in Malaysia, where it scored the biggest opening weekend for a live-action Disney film with $2.3 million.[74][75] In the UK, it became the first film of 2016 to earn over £5 million in three straight weekends and the first film since Jurassic World, Spectre, and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (all 2015 films) to achieve such an accomplishment,[97] and the first film of 2016 to earn above £40 million ($58 million).[98] In South Korea, it faced competition with Warcraft, but ended up debuting atop the charts with $6.2 million.[99] It has so far grossed a total of $18 million there.[100]

text: It opened in Japan on August 11, alongside the superhero film X-Men: Apocalypse[92][101] and delivered a four-day opening of $6.2 million from 676 screens ($3 million in two days), debuting at second place behind The Secret Life of Pets. Although the opening figure was considered mediocre, Deadline.com noted that Japan is a market that can see big multiples.[102][103] It fell just 30% in its second weekend earning $2.1 million for an eleven-day total of $13.7 million.[104][105]

text: In total earnings, its biggest markets outside of the US and Canada were China ($150.1 million), the United Kingdom ($66.2 million) and India ($38.8 million).[95] It was the highest-grossing film of 2016 in Europe with a total of $209 million,[106] the United Kingdom and Ireland,[107] and in India (although it was later surpassed by Sultan, in terms of Hollywood/imported films, it is still the biggest).[108]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received praise for its visual effects, vocal performances, direction, musical score, and its faithfulness to the animated film.[113][114][115] On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 95%, based on 293 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "As lovely to behold as it is engrossing to watch, The Jungle Book is the rare remake that actually improves upon its predecessors—all while setting a new standard for CGI."[116] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 77 out of 100, based on 49 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[117] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale. Ninety-seven percent of the audience gave the film an A or a B. It got As from both the under- and over-25 crowd and A+ among those under 18 years of age, and also for the over-50 audience.[35]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Exceptionally beautiful to behold and bolstered by a stellar vocal cast, this umpteenth film rendition of Rudyard Kipling's tales of young Mowgli's adventures amongst the creatures of the Indian jungle proves entirely engaging, even if it's ultimately lacking in subtext and thematic heft."[118] Andrew Barker of Variety felt that this version "can't rival the woolly looseness of Disney's 1967 animated classic, of course, but it succeeds on its own so well that such comparisons are barely necessary."[119] Robbie Collin of The Telegraph gave the film four stars out of five, and deemed it "a sincere and full-hearted adaptation that returns to Kipling for fresh inspiration."[120] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap says "This 'Book' might lack the post-vaudeville razzamatazz of its predecessor, but director Jon Favreau and a team of effects wizards plunge us into one of the big screen's most engrossing artificial worlds since Avatar."[121] Peter Bradshaw, writing for The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars and felt that the film had a touch of Apocalypto in it, finding the plot elements to be similar to those in The Lion King. He wrote that the film was "spectacular, exciting, funny and fun" and that it "handsomely revives the spirit of Disney's original film."[122] Pete Hammond of Deadline.com wrote that the film had laughs, excitement, an exceptional voice cast and, most importantly, a lot of heart, calling it a cinematic achievement like no other. He particularly praised Murray's performance and the visual effects, deeming it "simply astonishing."[123] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly graded the film an "A–," calling it one of the biggest surprises of 2016. He, however, felt the two songs were rather unnecessary and distracting, and believed the film to be a little too frightening for children.[124]

text: Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three-and-a-half stars, pointing out the CGI as the apex achievement of the film. He labelled it "a beautifully rendered, visually arresting take on Rudyard Kipling's oft-filmed tales" but found the musical numbers to be trivial, saying that without the musical numbers, the film might have been a more exhilarating streamlined adventure.[125] Los Angeles Times' Kenneth Turan remarked that "The Jungle Book is the kind of family film calculated to make even those without families wish they had one to take along."[126] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, labeling it scary and thrilling, yet unique and unforgettable, and adding that it "fills us with something rare in movies today—a sense of wonder."[127] The Village Voice's Bilge Ebiri hailed the film as fast and light and that it "manages to be just scary enough to make us feel the danger of solitude in the middle of a massive jungle, but never indulgent or gratuitous."[128] The New York Times' Manohla Dargis was less enthusiastic.[129] Cath Clarke of Time Out compared Elba's character of Shere Khan to Scar from The Lion King, calling him "baddie of the year."[130] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com also had high praise for Elba's portrayal of Shere Khan stating: "His loping menace is envisioned so powerfully that he'd be scary no matter what, but the character becomes a great villain through imaginative empathy. We understand and appreciate his point-of-view, even though carrying it out would mean the death of Mowgli."[111]

text: The film's visual effects and 3D photography received acclaim, with comparisons being made to the likes of Avatar, Gravity, Hugo, and Life of Pi.[113][121][131] Sarah Ward of Screen International wrote that the level of detail on display in the film "is likely to evoke the same jaw-dropping reaction as James Cameron's box office topper."[132] Entertainment Weekly called it "one of the few 3D movies that actually benefits from being in 3D."[124] The film also garnered a positive reception from Indian contemporary critics and publications,[133] such as The Times of India,[134] The Hindu,[135] India Today,[136] The Indian Express,[137] and The Economic Times.[138]

text: The film also had its share of negative reviews with most reviewers criticizing the inconsistent tone of the film and the director's indecision to stick to one vision. Sam C. Mac of Slant Magazine wrote, "Jon Favreau draws heavily on his film's animated predecessor for plot, characterizations, songs, and set pieces, but doesn't know how to fit these familiar elements into his own coherent vision".[139] Josh Spiegel of Movie Mezzanine also echoed these feelings, saying that the film "stumbles because the people involved aren't willing to fully commit to either making a near-shot-for-shot remake or going in a completely different direction".[140] Rene Rodriguez of the Miami Herald felt that the movie was soulless, writing that "The better these talking beasts look, the more the film resembles a gorgeous screen saver. You admire The Jungle Book, but you can't lose yourself in it".[141]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Following the film's early financial and critical success, the studio has begun working on a sequel. Jon Favreau is reported to return as director and Neel Sethi is reported to reprise his role of Mowgli, while screenwriter Justin Marks is also in negotiations to return.[142] It was announced on April 25, 2016 that Favreau and Marks will return to direct and write, and the sequel could potentially have a release sometime in 2019 and will be shot back-to-back with a live-action remake of The Lion King.[143][144][145] However, it was reported in March 2017 that the sequel was put on hold in order for Favreau to instead focus mainly on The Lion King.[146]


question_text: who plays baloo in the jungle book 2016

question_tokens: who plays baloo in the jungle book 2016

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text: The Jungle Book (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mowgli is a "man cub" raised by the wolf Raksha and her pack, led by Akela, in an Indian jungle ever since he was brought to them as a baby by the black panther Bagheera. Bagheera trains Mowgli to learn the ways of the wolves, but the boy faces certain challenges and falls behind his wolf siblings, while Akela disapproves of him using human tricks like building tools instead of learning the ways of the pack.

tag: p

text: One day, during the dry season, the jungle animals gather to drink the water that remains as part of a truce during a drought that enables the jungle's wildlife to drink without fear of being eaten by their predators. The truce is disrupted when a scarred tiger named Shere Khan arrives, detecting Mowgli's scent in the large crowd. Resentful against man for scarring him, he issues a warning that he will kill Mowgli at the end of the drought. After the drought ends, the wolves debate whether they should keep Mowgli or not. Mowgli decides to leave the jungle for the safety of his pack. Bagheera agrees with the decision and volunteers to guide him to the nearby man village.

text: En route, Shere Khan ambushes them and injures Bagheera, but Mowgli manages to escape. Later, Mowgli meets an enormous python named Kaa who hypnotizes him. While under her influence, Mowgli sees a vision of his father being mauled while protecting him from Shere Khan. The vision also warns of the destructive power of the "red flower" (fire). Kaa attempts to devour Mowgli, but she is attacked by a large brown sloth bear named Baloo, rescuing an unconscious Mowgli. Baloo and Mowgli bond while retrieving some difficult-to-access honey for Baloo, and the boy agrees to stay with Baloo until the winter season arrives. Upon learning that Mowgli has left the jungle, Shere Khan kills Akela and threatens the pack to lure Mowgli out.

text: Bagheera eventually finds Mowgli and Baloo and is angered that Mowgli has not joined the humans as agreed, but Baloo calms him down and persuades both of them to sleep on it. During the night, Mowgli finds a herd of Indian elephants gathered around a ditch and uses his vines to save a baby elephant from the ditch. Although Baloo and Bagheera are both impressed, Baloo realizes that he cannot guarantee Mowgli's safety after learning that he is being hunted by Shere Khan. Baloo agrees to push Mowgli away to get him to continue onward to the man village.

text: Mowgli is kidnapped by the "Bandar-log" (monkeys) who present him to their leader, a giant ape named King Louie. Assuming that all humans can make fire, King Louie offers Mowgli protection from Shere Khan in exchange for it. Baloo distracts King Louie while Bagheera tries to sneak him out, but their plan is discovered. As King Louie chases Mowgli through his temple, he informs Mowgli of Akela's death. King Louie's rampage eventually causes his temple to collapse on top of him. Furious that Baloo and Bagheera never told him about Akela's death, Mowgli goes to confront Shere Khan alone.

text: Mowgli steals a lit torch at the village to use as a weapon and heads back to the jungle, accidentally starting a wildfire in the process. He confronts Shere Khan, who argues that Mowgli has made himself the enemy of the jungle by causing the wildfire. Mowgli throws the torch into the water, giving Shere Khan the advantage. Baloo, Bagheera, and the wolf pack intervene and hold Shere Khan off, giving Mowgli enough time to set a trap. He lures Shere Khan up a dead tree and onto a branch, which breaks under the tiger's weight and Shere Khan falls into the fire to his death. Mowgli then directs the elephants to divert the river and put out the fire.

text: In the aftermath, Raksha becomes the new leader of the wolf pack. Mowgli decides to utilize his equipment and tricks for his own use, having found his true home and calling with his wolf family, Baloo, and Bagheera.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Neel Sethi as Mowgli, a young boy who was raised by wolves.
Kendrick Reyes as toddler Mowgli
Ritesh Rajan as Mowgli's father

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text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Bill Murray as Baloo, a sloth bear who befriends Mowgli.
Ben Kingsley as Bagheera, a black panther who is Mowgli's mentor and protector.
Idris Elba as Shere Khan, a fearsome, scar-faced tiger with a grudge against humans.
Lupita Nyong'o as Raksha, a female wolf who is Mowgli's adoptive mother.
Scarlett Johansson as Kaa, an enormous python.
Giancarlo Esposito as Akela, a male wolf who leads the pack.
Christopher Walken as King Louie, a giant ape who rules the Bandar-log.
Garry Shandling as Ikki, a porcupine that observes the Water Truce.[1]
Brighton Rose as Grey Brother,  a wolf cub that is Mowgli's adoptive brother.[1]
Jon Favreau as Fred, a Pygmy Hog.[1]
Sam Raimi as a giant squirrel.[1]
Russell Peters as Rocky, a rhinoceros.[1]
Madeleine Favreau as Raquel, a rhinoceros.[1]
Sara Arrington as an antelope.[1]

text: Emjay Anthony, Max Favreau, Chloe Hechter, Asher Blinkoff, Knox Gagnon, Sasha Schrieber, and Kai Schrieber voice the Young Wolves.[1]

text: Dee Bradley Baker, Artie Esposito, Sean Johnson, and Allan Trautman provide additional animal voices.[1]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and casting[edit]

text:
"The idea of going out to the jungle and shooting this, it just felt like it wouldn't have the magic that the 1967 film had had. There was a dreamlike quality to it. There was a surreal quality to it. It was a high-water mark for character animation and to me, that's what I remember about it. And so I wanted to make sure we preserved that...But what [Alan] Horn said was: Look at the technology. Look at Life of Pi, Avatar. Why not use the technology to create a whole world that transports you? Let's really embrace this new technology and see what we can do if we push its limit."

— Jon Favreau on approaching the film's technical intent.[9]

text: On July 9, 2013, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's short story collection The Jungle Book was in development, with Justin Marks set to write the script.[10] The film would be Disney's second live-action adaptation of Kipling's works, following the 1994 film and the 1998 direct-to-video film Mowgli's Story; and the studio's fourth overall after the 1967 animated film.[11] Jon Favreau was confirmed as director on November 5, 2013.[12] Favreau as a child used to watch Disney's 1967 animated film.[13] He felt the need to strike a balance between the two films by retaining the buoyant spirit of the 1967 film, including some of its memorable songs, while crafting a film with more realism and peril. He also stressed the importance of nature and realized how things have shifted during Kipling's time and now, "In Kipling's time, nature was something to be overcome. Now nature is something to be protected."[13] He was encouraged by Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan Horn to take advantage of the film's setting and story as an opportunity to use the latest advancements in photorealistic rendering, computer-generated imagery, and motion capture technologies.[14] The story of the film is not independently taken from Kipling's works, but also borrows cinematic inspirations from other films, including the child-mentor relationship in Shane (1953), the establishment of rules in a dangerous world from Goodfellas (1990) and the use of a shadowy jungle figure in Apocalypse Now (1979).[13]

text: The cast was announced between March and August 2014, with Idris Elba being announced to voice Shere Khan during early stages and Bill Murray eventually confirmed as the voice of Baloo in August 2014. Between then, Scarlett Johansson, Ben Kingsley, and Christopher Walken were confirmed to play Kaa, Bagheera, and King Louie.[15][16][17][18] Favreau decided to cast Johansson to play Kaa, originally a male character, as he felt the original film was "a little too male-oriented."[19] Favreau and Marks noticed the lack of female characters in the 1967 film version and wanted to address that by featuring Raksha's character more prominently, as in Kipling's tales.[13] Lupita Nyong'o was cast as Raksha as Favreau believed her voice imbued the emotion required for the role, "Lupita has tremendous depth of emotion in her performance. There's an emotional underpinning she brings, and a strength, and we wanted that for this surrogate mother. Much of that comes from her voice."[20] Favreau also decided to change King Louie from an orangutan to a gigantopithecus due to the fact that orangutans are not native to India, where the story takes place.[6] His character was given a slight alteration from the 1967 film and was partly inspired by Marlon Brando's character Colonel Kurtz in Apocalypse Now,[13] as well as incorporating Walken's own physical mannerisms.[21] In regards to Louie's changes, Favreau stated, "We created this looming figure that was trying to extract the secret of fire from Mowgli. And also this gave Mowgli the idea that if he had fire, he could have power over Shere Khan, whether it was good or bad. So there was a Lord of the Rings aspect to that; the fire was almost like the ring in that was going to give someone ultimate power, but corrupt them as well as create destruction."[22] The film is dedicated to Garry Shandling, who voiced a porcupine in the film and died of a heart attack before the film's release.

text: The search for casting Mowgli was extensive, with thousands of children auditioning from the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Canada. Eventually, newcomer Neel Sethi was confirmed for the role, with casting director Rebecca Williams describing him as embodying "the heart, humor, and daring of the character. He's warm and accessible, yet also has an intelligence well beyond his years and impressed us all with his ability to hold his own in any situation."[23] Sethi underwent parkour training in preparation for the role.[7] Pixar Animation Studios assisted in the development of the story, as well as providing suggestions for the film's end credits sequence.[24]

text: Filming and visual effects[edit]

text: Principal photography took place entirely on sound stages at L.A. Center Studios[22] in downtown Los Angeles.[20][25] The animal characters were created entirely in computer animation, with the assistance of footage of real animal movement, the actors recording their lines, and performance capture for reference.[6] The production team underwent a thorough process to realistically convey the animals' speaking, while still making them perceptually believable to the audience. Favreau researched earlier films featuring anthropomorphic animals—including Walt Disney's animated features, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Bambi, as well as modern films such as Babe—and adopted certain techniques from those films into The Jungle Book.[22] Nearly 70 separate species of animals native to India are featured in the film, with several species being portrayed as "150% larger" than their actual counterparts.[22]

text: Jim Henson's Creature Shop was brought in to provide animal puppet figures for Sethi to act against, although none appear in the finished film.[26] The animal puppets were performed by Artie Esposito, Sean Johnson, Allan Trautman, and April Warren.[1] Favreau utilized motion capture with certain actors, expressing a desire to avoid overusing the technology in order to prevent evoking an uncanny valley effect.[6][19]

text: Moving Picture Company (MPC) and Weta Digital created the film's visual effects.[14] MPC developed new software for animating muscular structure in the animals.[22] Around 1,000 remote jungle locations in India were photographed and used as reference in post-production.[27] Weta was responsible for animating the King Louie sequence, with visual effects supervisor Keith Miller adding that, "It was important for Jon to see Christopher Walken in the creature. So we took some of the distinctive Walken facial features—iconic lines, wrinkles and folds—and integrated them into the animated character."[28] Favreau expressed desire in wanting the film's 3D shots to imbue the abilities of the multiplane camera system utilized in Disney's earlier animated films.[24] At Favreau's behest, the idea was extended into the film's version of the Walt Disney Pictures opening production logo, which was recreated as "a hand-painted, cel-animated multi-plane logo" in homage to the animated films of that era, also incorporating the word "Presents" in the same style as the 1967 film's opening credits.[24] The film's ending also features the original physical book that opened the 1967 film.[24]

text: Sound[edit]

text: Director Jon Favreau and composer John Debney sought to recreate the Fantasound experience Walt Disney, himself, had in mind. When mixing the soundtrack in Dolby Atmos, as Favreau said, "we isolated instruments when we could. And in the sound mix, we created a Fantasound mix. If you see the film in Atmos, you will feel that there are instruments that move around the theater."[29] A mention for Fantasound appears in the film's closing credits.

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score for The Jungle Book was composed and conducted by frequent Favreau collaborator John Debney,[30] mostly drawing from George Bruns' original music. Though Favreau decided not to make the film a musical, nevertheless, he and Debney incorporated several songs from the 1967 animated film.[31] "The Bare Necessities," written by Terry Gilkyson, is performed by Murray and Sethi,[13] and a cover version by Dr. John is featured in the end credits. "I Wan'na Be Like You" and "Trust in Me"—written by the Sherman Brothers—are performed by Walken and Johansson, respectively; Richard M. Sherman wrote revised lyrics for Walken's version of "I Wan'na Be Like You."[13] Johansson's rendition of "Trust in Me" was produced by Mark Ronson and appears in the end credits only.[13]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Jungle Book (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)Film score by John DebneyReleased
April 15, 2016Recorded
2015–16Studio
Sony Pictures Studios (score)Esplanade Studios, New Orleans Chalice Recording StudiosMusic Shed Studios, New OrleansGenre
Orchestral, swing jazzLength
74:17Label
Walt DisneyProducer
John Debney
John Debney chronology

The Young Messiah(2016) The Young Messiah2016

The Jungle Book(2016) The Jungle Book2016

Mother's Day(2016) Mother's Day2016

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text: Walt Disney Records released the film's soundtrack on April 15, 2016.[32]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: No.TitleWriter(s)Performer(s)Length1."The Bare Necessities"Terry GilkysonDr. John and The Nite Trippers3:362."Trust in Me"Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. ShermanScarlett Johansson2:553."Main Titles[Note 1] / Jungle Run"John Debney & George Bruns 2:274."Wolves / Law of the Jungle"John Debney 2:165."Water Truce"John Debney 3:406."Rains Return"John Debney 1:467."Mowgli's Leaving / Elephant Theme"John Debney 3:288."Shere Khan Attacks / Stampede"John Debney 2:069."Kaa / Baloo to the Rescue"  5:2110."Honeycomb Climb"  3:3111."Man Village"  2:5912."Mowgli and the Pit"  3:2613."Monkeys Kidnap Mowgli"  1:5214."Arriving at King Louie's Temple"  4:3515."Cold Lair Chase"  4:0316."Red Flower"  3:1517."To the River"  3:0518."Shere Khan's War Theme"  2:3719."Shere Khan and the Fire"  4:5220."Elephant Waterfall"  3:2721."Mowgli Wins the Race"  0:4122."Jungle Book Closes"  2:1623."I Wan'na Be Like You"Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. ShermanChristopher Walken3:0224."The Bare Necessities"Terry GilkysonBill Murray, Kermit Ruffins3:01Total length:74:17

text: Note 1. ^ Original "When You Wish Upon a Star" melody composed by Leigh Harline; Walt Disney Pictures logo melody composed by Mark Mancina.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was originally scheduled for October 9, 2015, but the film's release date was later postponed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures to April 15, 2016.[33][34] The film was released in the Dolby Vision format in Dolby Cinema in the United States,[35] and is the first film to be released in Dolby Vision 3D (in a few select theaters in New York City and Chicago).[36] The Jungle Book held its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre on April 4, 2016.[37] It was released in 15 countries, a week ahead of its U.S. debut on April 15, in countries like Argentina, Australia, Russia, Malaysia, and most notably in India on April 8.[38] The release date in India was strategic for the film as it coincided with the Indian New Year and was a holiday in most parts of the country.[39] The film had a special Hindi version with famous actors giving their voices to the main characters, including Irrfan Khan as Baloo, Om Puri as Bagheera, Priyanka Chopra as Ka, Nana Patekar as Sher Khan and Shefali Shah as Raksha, for its Indian audiences as the book and the Disney series based on it had been immensely popular in India in 1990s. Disney India also commissioned a contemporary recording of "Jungle Jungle Baat Chali Hai" (originally used for the popular Indian version of Japanese anime series Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli), overseen by the original Hindi song's composers Vishal Bhardwaj and Gulzar, and released it as part of the film's promotional campaign in India.[40][41]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released digitally on August 23, 2016, and on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30 (August 22 in the UK[42]). A 3D Blu-ray was said to be coming by the end of the year.[43] The film topped the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart for two consecutive weeks.[44][45]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film became a huge financial success and a sleeper hit.[46] It briefly held the record for the biggest remake of all time until the studio's own Beauty and the Beast surpassed it the following year.[47] It grossed $364 million in the United States and Canada and $602.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $966.6 million, against a budget of $175 million.[4] Worldwide, the film was released across 28,000 RealD 3D screens[36] and had an IMAX worldwide opening of $20.4 million from 901 IMAX screens, a new record for a PG film.[48] It grossed a total of $39 million in IMAX screens worldwide.[49] On May 13, it became the second film of 2016 (after the studio's own Zootopia) to pass the $800 million mark.[50][51] On June 10, it became the third film of 2016 after Zootopia and Captain America: Civil War to pass the $900 million mark.[52] Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $258 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the sixth-most profitable release of 2016.[53]

text: United States and Canada[edit]

text: Projections for its opening weekend in the United States and Canada were continuously revised upwards, starting from $60 million to as high as $88 million, with female and older male quadrants being the prime draw.[54][36][55][56] The Jungle Book was shown across 4,028 theaters of which 3,100 theaters (75%) were in 3D, including 376 IMAX screens, 463 premium large format screens, and 145 D-Box locations.[54][57][58] It opened Friday, April 15, 2016, on around 9,500 screens across 4,028 theaters, and earned $32.4 million, the fourth-biggest April Friday.[36][59] This includes $4.2 million from Thursday previews, the biggest preview number for a Disney live-adaptation film (tied with Maleficent),[60] an almost unheard-of for a PG title which rarely attracts many ticketbuyers later in the night.[61] In total, it earned $103.3 million in its opening weekend, exceeding expectations by 40% and recorded the biggest PG-rated April opening (breaking Hop's record), the second-biggest Disney live-action adaptation opening (behind Alice in Wonderland), and the second-biggest April opening (behind Furious 7).[36][62][63] It also performed exceptionally well in both 3D and IMAX formats, where they both generated an income of $44 million and $10.4 million of the film's opening-weekend gross, respectively, the later broke the record for the biggest April Disney release IMAX opening.[36][48] Notably, it also became the only second PG-rated release to ever open above $100 million (following Alice in Wonderland) and the third film of 2016 overall to open above $100 million (following Deadpool and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice).[36][64] It earned $130.7 million in its first full week, the second-biggest for a Disney live-action adaptation, behind only Alice in Wonderland's $146.6 million seven-day gross.[65]

text: Buoyed by excellent word of mouth and benefiting from spring break, it fell only by 40% in its second weekend earning $61.5 million, still maintaining the top position and far surpassing newcomer The Huntsman: Winter's War.[66] That puts The Jungle Book in the top fifteen second weekends of all time and in terms of films that opened above $100 million, it scored the fourth-smallest drop behind Shrek 2 (−33%), Spider-Man (−39%), and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (−39%).[67][68] Of those numbers, $5.6 million came from IMAX shows for a two weekend cumulative total of $18.4 million which represents about 10% of its entire North American box office gross.[66] It crossed $200 million on its twelfth day of release[69] and managed to hold the top spot for the third consecutive weekend with $43.7 million from 4,041 theaters (an addition of 13 more theaters), a fall of only 29%, outgrossing the next six pictures combined (including the openings of three newcomers)[70] and recorded the sixth-biggest third weekend of all time.[71] Moreover, the 29% drop is the smallest third-weekend drop (from its second weekend) for a $100 million opener ever.[71] Disney added an additional 103 theaters for the film's fourth weekend of release which propelled its theater count to 4,144 theaters,[72] but nevertheless, it was overtaken by Disney's own Captain America: Civil War after experiencing a 50% decline.[73][74] It passed $300 million on its thirtieth day of release, on May 14, as it continued to witness marginal declines in the wake of several new releases weekend after weekend.[75] It made 3.53 times its opening weekend numbers, which is one of the biggest of all time for a film opening above $100 million. It became one of the few surprise hits and one of the highest-grossing films of the year, alongside Finding Dory, The Secret Life of Pets, and Zootopia, centered around talking animals to dominate the year-end chart.[46]

text: Other countries[edit]

text: The film was released in approximately 70 countries.[76] Outside the US and Canada, it opened across 15 markets and 69 IMAX screens a week ahead of its US debut, and faced notable competition from newcomer The Huntsman: Winter's War and holdover Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the latter of which was entering its third weekend. The reason behind the divided release pattern was because Disney wanted to get some space before Captain America: Civil War releases in early May, as well as availing school holidays and avoiding local competitors.[77] It eventually grossed $31.7 million, debuting at first place in all markets and second overall at the international box office, behind Dawn of Justice, which was playing across 67 markets.[77] In its second weekend, it expanded to an additional 49 countries (88% of its total marketplace) and grossed $138.6 million from 64 countries, easily topping the international box office, a bulk of it came from China.[78] Approximately 63% or $85 million of that came from 3D screenings, with the largest 3D opening haul represented by China (98%), Germany (83%), Brazil (73%), Russia (60%), Mexico (47%), and the UK (39%).[78] $10 million alone came from 525 IMAX screens, a record for a PG and April release.[48] It further continued to hold the top spot in its third weekend after adding another $98.9 million from 53 territories, falling only by a marginal 32%. IMAX generated another $6.1 million from 484 IMAX theaters for a three-weekend total of $20.6 million.[49] After three straight No. 1 runs, it was finally dethroned by the studio's Captain America: Civil War in its fourth weekend.[79]

text: In India, it scored the second-biggest opening day for a Hollywood film, earning $1.51 million (behind Avengers: Age of Ultron) from around 1,500 screens[80] and went on to score the second-biggest Hollywood opening weekend of all time, with $8.4 million from 1,600 screens, behind only Furious 7 in terms of local as well as U.S. currency,[81][82] performing better than expected and its initial $5–6 million opening projection.[80] Its opening weekend in India alone surpassed the entire lifetime total of Disney's other live-fantasy adaptations—Cinderella, Maleficent, Oz the Great and Powerful, and Alice in Wonderland—in the country.[77] It then went on to score the biggest opening and single week for a Hollywood film with $15.1 million.[76][83] In its second weekend, it dropped just by a mere 40% to $4.97 million.[84] In just ten days, it became the fourth-highest-grossing Hollywood film there with $21.2 million.[62] On Wednesday, April 19—its twelfth day of release—it surpassed Furious 7 to become the highest-grossing Hollywood/foreign release of all time there.[85][86] By the end of its theatrical run, the film made an estimated $38.8 million with half of its revenue—58%—coming from local dubbed versions, compared to Avengers: Age of Ultron, which saw 45% of its revenue from dubbed versions.[87]

text: In China, where the film was locally known as Fantasy Forest, expectations were high, with projections going as high $154–200 million or more.[88][89][90][91] Ultimately, it was unable to hit these marks.[75] Before the release of the film in the state, Disney had a very successful run at the box office with Zootopia the previous month, in which anthropomorphic animals were the central figure.[92] Forbes noted that The Jungle Book was precisely the sort of film that Chinese audiences love with its 3D visuals, heartwarming story, and talking animal cast.[89] It earned around $12 million on its opening day, including $300,000 worth of previews from 65,000 screenings.[89] Buoyed by good word of mouth and positive reception (albeit mostly from audiences with polarized reception from Chinese critics),[93] it rose 72% on its second day to $20 million.[91] Through its opening weekend it grossed $48.5 million, including $5.1 million from 279 IMAX screens, a new record for April release.[62][94] Its opening marked the biggest Walt Disney Pictures film opening ever,[95] the second-biggest for a family film (behind Kung Fu Panda 3), the second-biggest April debut (behind Furious 7), and the fourth-biggest Disney opening (behind Avengers: Age of Ultron, Iron Man 3, and Star Wars: The Force Awakens).[96] It topped the daily box office through the whole opening week and went on to remain at the top of the box office for a second weekend, after dropping by a mere 20% to $29.8 million, despite facing some competitions.[97] It ended its run there with a total of $150.1 million after thirty days of playing in theaters, adding $1.2 million on its last day. Albeit falling just below expectations, it nevertheless emerged as a huge financial success and becoming the fourth-biggest Disney release there.[75][98]

text: In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it had an opening weekend total of £9.9 million ($14.1 million) from 594 theaters[99] and in France with $8.1 million.[78] Elsewhere, the highest openings were recorded in Russia and the CIS ($7.4 million), Germany ($5.1 million), Spain ($3.9 million), Australia ($2.8 million), Argentina ($2.3 million), and in Malaysia, where it scored the biggest opening weekend for a live-action Disney film with $2.3 million.[77][78] In the UK, it became the first film of 2016 to earn over £5 million in three straight weekends and the first film since Jurassic World, Spectre, and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (all 2015 films) to achieve such an accomplishment,[100] and the first film of 2016 to earn above £40 million ($58 million).[101] In South Korea, it faced competition with Warcraft, but ended up debuting atop the charts with $6.2 million.[102] It has so far grossed a total of $18 million there.[103]

text: It opened in Japan on August 11, alongside the superhero film X-Men: Apocalypse[95][104] and delivered a four-day opening of $6.2 million from 676 screens ($3 million in two days), debuting at second place behind The Secret Life of Pets. Although the opening figure was considered mediocre, Deadline Hollywood noted that Japan is a market that can see big multiples.[105][106] It fell just 30% in its second weekend earning $2.1 million for an eleven-day total of $13.7 million.[107][108]

text: In total earnings, its biggest markets outside of the US and Canada were China ($150.1 million), the United Kingdom ($66.2 million) and India ($38.8 million).[98] It was the highest-grossing film of 2016 in Europe with a total of $209 million,[109] the United Kingdom and Ireland,[110] and in India (although it was later surpassed by Sultan, in terms of Hollywood/imported films, it is still the biggest).[111]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received praise for its visual effects, vocal performances, direction, musical score, and its faithfulness to the animated film.[116][117][118] On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 95% based on 296 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "As lovely to behold as it is engrossing to watch, The Jungle Book is the rare remake that actually improves upon its predecessors—all while setting a new standard for CGI."[119] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 77 out of 100, based on 49 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[120] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an overall positive score of 92%. Ninety-seven percent of the audience gave the film an A or a B, and it got A's from both the under- and over-25 crowd and A+ among those under 18 years of age and also for the over-50 audience.[36]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Exceptionally beautiful to behold and bolstered by a stellar vocal cast, this umpteenth film rendition of Rudyard Kipling's tales of young Mowgli's adventures amongst the creatures of the Indian jungle proves entirely engaging, even if it's ultimately lacking in subtext and thematic heft."[121] Andrew Barker of Variety felt that this version "can't rival the woolly looseness of Disney's 1967 animated classic, of course, but it succeeds on its own so well that such comparisons are barely necessary."[122] Robbie Collin of The Telegraph gave the film four stars out of five, and deemed it "a sincere and full-hearted adaptation that returns to Kipling for fresh inspiration."[123] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap says "This 'Book' might lack the post-vaudeville razzamatazz of its predecessor, but director Jon Favreau and a team of effects wizards plunge us into one of the big screen's most engrossing artificial worlds since Avatar."[124] Peter Bradshaw, writing for The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars and felt that the film had a touch of Apocalypto in it, finding the plot elements to be similar to those in The Lion King. He wrote that the film was "spectacular, exciting, funny and fun" and that it "handsomely revives the spirit of Disney's original film."[125] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood wrote that the film had laughs, excitement, an exceptional voice cast and, most importantly, a lot of heart, calling it a cinematic achievement like no other. He particularly praised Murray's performance and the visual effects, deeming it "simply astonishing."[126] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly graded the film an "A–," calling it one of the biggest surprises of 2016. He, however, felt the two songs were rather unnecessary and distracting, and believed the film to be a little too frightening for children.[127]

text: Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three-and-a-half stars, pointing out the CGI as the apex achievement of the film. He labelled it "a beautifully rendered, visually arresting take on Rudyard Kipling's oft-filmed tales" but found the musical numbers to be trivial, saying that without the musical numbers, the film might have been a more exhilarating streamlined adventure.[128] Los Angeles Times' Kenneth Turan remarked that "The Jungle Book is the kind of family film calculated to make even those without families wish they had one to take along."[129] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, labeling it scary and thrilling, yet unique and unforgettable, and adding that it "fills us with something rare in movies today—a sense of wonder."[130] The Village Voice's Bilge Ebiri hailed the film as fast and light and that it "manages to be just scary enough to make us feel the danger of solitude in the middle of a massive jungle, but never indulgent or gratuitous."[131] The New York Times' Manohla Dargis was less enthusiastic.[132] Cath Clarke of Time Out compared Elba's character of Shere Khan to Scar from The Lion King, calling him "baddie of the year."[133] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com also had high praise for Elba's portrayal of Shere Khan stating: "His loping menace is envisioned so powerfully that he'd be scary no matter what, but the character becomes a great villain through imaginative empathy. We understand and appreciate his point-of-view, even though carrying it out would mean the death of Mowgli."[114]

text: The film's visual effects and 3D photography were compared to those of Avatar, Gravity, Hugo, and Life of Pi.[116][124][134] Sarah Ward of Screen International wrote that the level of detail on display in the film "is likely to evoke the same jaw-dropping reaction as James Cameron's box office topper."[135] Entertainment Weekly called it "one of the few 3D movies that actually benefits from being in 3D."[127] The film also had a positive reception from Indian contemporary critics and publications,[136] such as The Times of India,[137] The Hindu,[138] India Today,[139] The Indian Express,[140] and The Economic Times.[141]

text: The film also had its share of negative reviews with most reviewers criticizing the inconsistent tone of the film and the director's indecision to stick to one vision. Sam C. Mac of Slant Magazine wrote, "Jon Favreau draws heavily on his film's animated predecessor for plot, characterizations, songs, and set pieces, but doesn't know how to fit these familiar elements into his own coherent vision".[142] Josh Spiegel of Movie Mezzanine also echoed these feelings, saying that the film "stumbles because the people involved aren't willing to fully commit to either making a near-shot-for-shot remake or going in a completely different direction".[143] Rene Rodriguez of the Miami Herald felt that the movie was soulless, writing that "The better these talking beasts look, the more the film resembles a gorgeous screen saver. You admire The Jungle Book, but you can't lose yourself in it".[144]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Following the film's early financial and critical success, the studio has begun working on a sequel. Jon Favreau is reported to return as director and Neel Sethi is reported to reprise his role as Mowgli, while screenwriter Justin Marks is also in negotiations to return.[145] It was announced on April 25, 2016 that Favreau and Marks will return to direct and write, and the sequel could potentially have a release sometime in 2019 and will be shot back-to-back with a remake of The Lion King.[146][147][148] However, it was reported in March 2017 that the sequel was put on hold in order for Favreau to instead focus mainly on The Lion King.[149]


document_title: List of Geelong Football Club individual awards and records

question_text: who has played the most games for the geelong cats

text: VFL/AFL awards[edit]

text: Current awards[edit]

text: Brownlow Medal[edit]

text: Norm Smith Medal[edit]

text: Coleman Medal[edit]

text: Jack Collins Medal[edit]

text: Jock McHale Medal[edit]

text: All-Australian Team[edit]

text: Michael Tuck Medal[edit]

text: AFL Rising Star[edit]

text: Winners

text: Nominees

text: Mark of the Year[edit]

text: Goal of the Year[edit]

text: Former awards[edit]

text: Premiership Coach Medal[edit]

text: Succeeded by the Jock McHale Medal (1950 onwards)

text: AFL Army Award[edit]

text: AFL Players Association awards[edit]

text: Leigh Matthews Trophy[edit]

text: Best Captain[edit]

text: Robert Rose Award for Most Courageous Player[edit]

text: Best First Year Player[edit]

text: Madden Medal[edit]

text: AFLCA Awards[edit]

text: Champion Player of the Year[edit]

text: Best Young Player[edit]

text: Senior Coach of the Year[edit]

text: Assistant Coach of the Year[edit]

text: Coaching Legend Award[edit]

text: AFMA Awards[edit]

text: Player of the Year[edit]

text: Media awards[edit]

text: Herald Sun Player of the Year[edit]

text: Lou Richards Medal[edit]

text: The Age Footballer of the Year Award[edit]

text: Other honours[edit]

text: Australian Football Hall of Fame[edit]

text: AFL Team of the Century (1996)[edit]

text: Indigenous Team of the Century (2005)[edit]

text: Italian Team of the Century (2007)[edit]

text: International Rules Australian representatives[edit]

text: Jim Stynes Medal[edit]

text: Club awards[edit]

text: Current awards[edit]

text: Best and fairest (Carji Greeves Medal)[edit]

text: Leading club goalkicker[edit]

text: Best young player[edit]

text: Known as Best first-year player prior to 2011

text: Coach's award[edit]

text: Most club votes in Brownlow Medal[edit]

text: Players in bold denotes player won Brownlow Medal

text: Community Champion[edit]

text: First awarded in 2003

text: Tom Harley Award[edit]

text: Awarded to the player that best demonstrates the values of the team and the club, on and off the field (established in 2011)

text: VFL best and fairest[edit]

text: Former awards[edit]

text: Best clubman[edit]

text: Replaced with the Tom Harley Award in 2011

text: Best team and most constructive player[edit]

text: Most improved player[edit]

text: Most determined and most dedicated player[edit]

text: Most valuable contributor[edit]

text: Other honours[edit]

text: Geelong's Team of the Century[edit]

text:
Team of the Century

Backs

Bernie Smith

George Todd

John 'Sam' Newman

Half Backs

Dick Grigg

Reg Hickey

Joe Slater

Centres

Michael Turner

Edward 'Carji' Greeves

Leo Turner

Half Forwards

Gary Ablett, Sr.

Fred Flanagan

Bob Davis

Forwards

Henry Young

Doug Wade

Peter Pianto

Followers

Graham 'Polly' Farmer

Garry Hocking

Bill Goggin

Interchange

David Clarke

Paul Couch

Alec Eason

Les Hardiman

Emergencies

Ian Nankervis

Jack Collins

Tommy Quinn

Cliff Rankin

text: Geelong Football Club Hall of Fame[edit]

text: A-D[edit]

text:
Gary Ablett junior

Gary Ablett senior

Tom Arklay

Les Armstrong

Mark Bairstow

Jimmy Bartel

Andrew Bews

Rod Blake

Mark Bos

Terry Bright

Billy Brownless

Charles Brownlow

Neville Bruns

Peter Burns

Paul Chapman

David E. Clarke

Wayne Closter

Arthur Coghlan

Jack L. Collins

Joel Corey

Paul Couch

Tim Darcy

Bob Davis

John Devine

Percy Douglass

text: E-H[edit]

text:
Alec Eason

Bill Eason

Corey Enright

Jack L. Evans

Graham Farmer

Fred Flanagan

Bill Goggin

Ben Graham

Edward  Greeves

Dick Grigg

Lloyd Hagger

William (Ben) "Trusty" Hall

Les Hardiman

Peter Hardiman

Tom Harley

Fred Hawking

Jack Hawkins

Reg Hickey

Dave Hickinbotham

Ken Hinkley

Garry Hocking

Steven Hocking

Ron Hovey

Josh Hunt

John Hyde

text: I-Q[edit]

text:
Steven King

Cameron Ling

Alistair Lord

Andrew Mackie

Gary Malarkey

Michael Mansfield

Denis Marshall

Harry Marsham

Percy Martini

Billy McCarter

Tim McGrath

Hughie McLean

Phil "Shilley" McShane

David Mensch

Darren Milburn

George M. Moloney

Cam Mooney

Bruce Morrison

Angie Muller

Bruce Nankervis

Ian J. Nankervis

Robert Neal

Ken Newland

Ernest  Newling

John Newman

John O'Neill

Peter Pianto

Alex Popescu

Tommy Quinn

text: R-Z[edit]

text:
Bert Rankin

Cliff Rankin

Teddy Rankin

Russell Renfrey

Peter Riccardi

Bill R. Ryan

Brenton Sanderson

John Scarlett

Matthew Scarlett

Joe Sellwood

Brad Sholl

Joe Slater

Bernie Smith

Barry Stoneham

George Todd

Neil Trezise

Leo Turner

Michael Turner

Doug Wade

Peter Walker

Roy West

Lindsay White

Geoff Williams

Tom Wills

W. Jack Williams

Jimmy Wilson Jnr

David Wojcinski

Fred Wooller

Mark Yeates

Henry Young

text: Life membership[edit]

text: Club records[edit]

text:
^

Denotes current player

text: Most club games[edit]

text:
Most club games for Geelong[36](minimum 200 games)

Player

Career span

Games

Corey Enright

2001–2016
332

Ian Nankervis

1967–1983
325

Jimmy Bartel

2002–2016
305

Sam Newman

1964–1980
300

Darren Milburn

1997–2011
292

Peter Riccardi

1992–2006
288

Matthew Scarlett

1998–2012
284

Joel Corey

2000–2013
276

Garry Hocking

1987–2001
274

James Kelly

2002–2015
273

Paul Couch

1985–1997
259

Andrew Mackie^

2004–present
257

Bruce Nankervis

1970–1983
253

Steve Johnson

2001–2015
253

Paul Chapman

2000–2013
251

Bill Goggin

1958–1971
248

Reg Hickey

1926–1940
245

Michael Turner

1974–1988
245

Gary Ablett, Sr.

1984–1996
242

Barry Stoneham

1986–2000
241

Cameron Ling

2000–2011
241

George 'Jocka' Todd

1922–1934
232

Joel Selwood^

2007–present
228

Neville Bruns

1978–1992
223

Bill Eason

1902–1915
220

Terry Bright

1976–1987
219

Tim McGrath

1992–2002
219

Ben Graham

1993–2004
219

Cameron Mooney

2000–2011
210

Doug Wade

1961–1972
208

Andrew Bews

1982–1993
207

Harry Taylor^

2008–present
204

David Wojcinski

1999–2012
203

David Clarke

1971–1981
202

Russell Renfrey

1946–1956
201

Robert Neal

1974–1986
200

text: Most club goals[edit]

text:
Most club goals for Geelong[36] (minimum 300 goals)

Player

Career span

Goals

Games

Goals per game

Gary Ablett, Sr.

1984–1996
1021
242
4.22

Doug Wade

1961–1972
834
208
4.01

Steve Johnson

2002–2015
452
253
1.79

Billy Brownless

1986–1997
441
198
2.23

Lindsay White

1941, 1944–1950
429
117
3.67

Tom Hawkins^

2007–present
413
197
2.10

Cliff Rankin

1915, 1919–1928
400
153
2.61

Lloyd Hagger

1917–1927, 1929
389
174
2.24

Larry Donohue

1973–1980
339
105
3.29

Paul Chapman

2000–2013
336
251
1.34

Percy Martini

1909–1915, 1917–1920
333
148
2.25

Terry Bright

1976–1987
331
219
1.51

George Moloney

1931–1935
303
88
3.44

text: Most goals in a game[edit]

text:
Most goals in a single game by a Geelong player[37](minimum 12 goals)

Player

Goals

Opponent

Venue

Season

Gary Ablett, Sr.

14
Sydney
SCG
1994

Gary Ablett, Sr.

14
Essendon
MCG
1993

Gary Ablett, Sr.

14
Richmond
MCG
1989

Doug Wade

13
North Melbourne
Kardinia Park
1971

Doug Wade

13
South Melbourne
Lake Oval
1967

Gary Ablett, Sr.

12
Richmond
Kardinia Park
1993

Gary Ablett, Sr.

12
Richmond
MCG
1990

George Moloney

12
St Kilda
Corio Oval
1931


document_title: Minister of Railways (India)

question_text: who is the current union railway minister of india

text: Minister of Railways (India)

text:
Minister of Railways
Emblem of India
IncumbentPiyush Goyalsince 3 September 2017
Ministry of RailwaysMember of
Cabinet of IndiaAppointer
Presidenton the advice of the Prime MinisterInaugural holder
John MathaiFormation
15 August 1947

text: The Minister of Railways is the head of the Ministry of Railways of the Government of India. The railway minister is usually accorded a cabinet rank, and is responsible for Indian Railways, one of the largest employers in the world. An important responsibility of the railway minister is to present in Parliament the Railway Budget, the Annual Financial Statement of Indian Railways. Piyush Goyal of the Bharatiya Janata Party is the current Minister of Railways, serving since 3 September 2017.Railways Minister (India)

text: List of railway ministers[edit]

text:
№

Name

Portrait

Term of office

Political party(Alliance)

Prime Minister

-

Asaf Ali

2 September 1946

14 August 1947

Indian National Congress

None(Interim govt)

1

John Mathai

15 August 1947

22 September 1948

Jawaharlal Nehru

2

N. Gopalaswami Ayyangar

22 September 1948

13 May 1952

3

Lal Bahadur Shastri

13 May 1952

7 December 1956

4

Jagjivan Ram

7 December 1956

10 April 1962

5

Swaran Singh

10 April 1962

21 September 1963

6

H. C. Dasappa

21 September 1963

8 June 1964

7

S. K. Patil

9 June 1964

12 March 1967

Lal Bahadur ShastriIndira Gandhi

8

C. M. Poonacha

13 March 1967 and

14 February 1969

Indira Gandhi

9

Ram Subhag Singh

14 February 1969

4 November 1969

10

Panampilli Govinda Menon

4 November 1969

18 February 1970

11

Gulzarilal Nanda

18 February 1970

17 March 1971

12

K. Hanumanthaiya

18 March 1971

22 July 1972

13

T. A. Pai

23 July 1972

4 February 1973

14

Lalit Narayan Mishra

5 February 1973

2 January 1975

15

Kamalapati Tripathi

11 February 1975

23 March 1977

16

Madhu Dandavate

26 March 1977

28 July 1979

Janata Party

Morarji Desai

(13)

T. A. Pai

30 July 1979

13 January 1980

Janata Party (Secular)

Charan Singh

17

Kamalapati Tripathi

14 January 1980

12 November 1980

Indian National Congress

Indira Gandhi

18

Kedar Pandey

12 November 1980

14 January 1982

19

Prakash Chandra Sethi

15 January 1982

2 September 1982

20

A. B. A. Ghani Khan Choudhury

2 September 1982

31 December 1984

Indira GandhiRajiv Gandhi

21

Bansi Lal

31 December 1984

4 June 1986

Rajiv Gandhi

22

Mohsina Kidwai

24 June 1986

21 October 1986

23

Madhavrao Scindia

22 October 1986

1 December 1989

24

George Fernandes

5 December 1989

10 November 1990

Janata Dal

V. P. Singh

25

Janeshwar Mishra

21 November 1990

21 June 1991

Samajwadi Janata Party

Chandra Shekhar

26

C. K. Jaffer Sharief

21 June 1991

16 October 1995

Indian National Congress

P. V. Narasimha Rao

27

Ram Vilas Paswan

1 June 1996

19 March 1998

Janata Dal(United Front)

H. D. Deve GowdaI. K. Gujral

28

Nitish Kumar

19 March 1998

5 August 1999

Samata Party(NDA)

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

29

Ram Naik

6 August 1999

12 October 1999

Bharatiya Janata Party(NDA)

30

Mamata Banerjee

13 October 1999

15 March 2001

All India Trinamool Congress(NDA)

(28)

Nitish Kumar

20 March 2001

22 May 2004

Janata Dal (United)(NDA)

31

Lalu Prasad Yadav

23 May 2004

25 May 2009

Rashtriya Janata Dal(UPA)

Manmohan Singh

(30)

Mamata Banerjee

26 May 2009

19 May 2011

All India Trinamool Congress (UPA)

32

Dinesh Trivedi

12 July 2011

14 March 2012

33

Mukul Roy

20 March 2012

21 September 2012

34

C. P. Joshi

22 September 2012

28 October 2012

Indian National Congress (UPA)

35

Pawan Kumar Bansal

28 October 2012

10 May 2013

(34)

C. P. Joshi

11 May 2013

16 June 2013

36

Mallikarjun Kharge

17 June 2013

25 May 2014

37

D. V. Sadananda Gowda

26 May 2014

9 November 2014

Bharatiya Janata Party(NDA)

Narendra Modi

38

Suresh Prabhu

10 November 2014

3 September 2017

39

Piyush Goyal

3 September 2017

Incumbent

If the office of Minister of Railways is vacant for any length of time, it automatically comes under the charge of the Prime Minister.


document_title: United States Air Force enlisted rank insignia

question_text: what is an e7 in the air force

question_tokens: what is an e7 in the air force

text: The chart below represents the current enlisted rank insignia of the United States Air Force.

text:
US DoD Pay grade
E-1
E-2
E-3
E-4
E-5
E-6
E-7
E-8
E-9

Insignia

No Insignia

Title

Airman Basic

Airman

Airman First Class

Senior Airman

Staff Sergeant

Technical Sergeant

Master Sergeant¹

Senior Master Sergeant¹

Chief Master Sergeant¹

Command Chief Master Sergeant

Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force

Abbreviation
AB
Amn
A1C
SrA
SSgt
TSgt
MSgt
SMSgt
CMSgt
CCM
CMSAF

NATO Code
OR-1
OR-2
OR-3
OR-4
OR-5
OR-6
OR-7
OR-8
OR-9
OR-9
OR-9

¹:  The U.S. Air Force does not have a separate First Sergeant rank; it is instead a duty position denoted by a diamond within the upper field of the E-7/MSgt, E-8/SMSgt, E-9/CMSgt paygrades/chevrons/ranks and is abbreviated "1st Sgt."

text: While all Air Force military personnel are referred to as Airmen, it can specifically refer to the pay grades of E-1 through E-4 which are below the level of non-commissioned officers (NCOs).[1]  Above the pay grade of E-4 (E-5 through E-9) all ranks fall into the category of NCO and are further subdivided into NCOs (E-5 & E-6) and Senior NCOs (E-7 through E-9); the term Junior NCO is sometimes used to refer to staff sergeants and technical sergeants (E-5 & E-6).[1]

text: The Air Force is the only one of the five branches of the United States military where NCO status is now only achieved at the grade of E-5.  Formerly, the grade of Sergeant was obtained after a time as a Senior Airman and successful completion of the Air Force NCO School. In all other branches, NCO status can be achieved at the grade of E-4 (a Corporal in the Army and Marine Corps, Petty Officer Third Class in the Navy and Coast Guard). However, E-4s in the Army with the rank of Specialist are not NCOs.  The Air Force mirrored the Army from 1976 to 2 May 1991 with an E-4 being either a Senior Airman wearing three stripes without a star or a Sergeant (informally referred to as "Buck Sergeant") which was noted by the presence of the central star and considered an NCO.[2]  Despite not being an NCO, a Senior Airman who has completed Airman Leadership School can be a supervisor.[1]

text: Evolution of the chevrons[edit]

text: Although the Air Force became an independent service with the National Security Act of 1947, it retained the Army Air Force rank structure and corresponding insignia of years past.  This rank structure provided for seven enlisted ranks: Private, Private First Class, Corporal/Technician Fifth Grade, Sergeant/Technician Fourth Grade, Staff Sergeant/Technician Third Grade, Technical Sergeant and Master Sergeant/First Sergeant.  Additionally, Air Force personnel were still referred to as soldiers.[2] During the Second World War, many USAAF NCOs wore the Army Air Corps branch insignia of the winged propeller underneath their chevrons.[3]

text: Changes to the rank structure were proposed almost immediately but did not start occurring until the next year.  Sometime during late 1947 and early 1948, new chevron designs were tested at Bolling Air Force Base.  The style preferred was the one used today, the inverted chevron.  Air Force Chief of Staff General Hoyt Vandenberg approved the new chevron on 9 March 1948.[2] A new Air Force "Uxbridge Blue" uniform and black leather replaced the US Army Air Corps Olive Drab uniform and russet leather in 1949. Air Force personnel were allowed to wear their old Army World War Two pattern uniforms and rank insignia until July, 1952. Recolored "hash marks" and Overseas Service Bars were worn on the uniform until 1957.

text: Although the new chevrons were approved, the titles did not change.  Two years would pass (February 1950) before General Vandenberg ordered all enlisted personnel in the Air Force be referred to as "airman" (singular) and "airmen" (plural) rather than "soldier.".  A further two years would go by while the enlisted rank structure was studied and changes proposed.  The end results finally became effective on 24 April 1952 with the release of a revised Air Force Regulation (AFR) 39-36.  This revision changed the names of the enlisted ranks to Basic Airman, Airman Third Class, Airman Second Class, Airman First Class (with resultant loss of NCO status that was not restored until 1967), Staff Sergeant, Technical Sergeant and Master Sergeant.[2]

text: With the new titles came a proposal for new rank insignia for Airman Third Class through Airman First Class.  The proposed insignia would have horizontal stripes for Airman Third Class through Airman First Class while NCOs keep their inverted chevrons. The purpose of the two different types of insignia was to more readily differentiate the airman and NCO tiers while increasing the prestige of the latter.  These were not approved at the time of the release of the revised regulation.  When they were finally approved by General Vandenberg in December 1952, procurement of these stripes was deferred until approximately June 1955.  This change would eventually be reversed, on 12 March 1956, by General Vandenberg's successor, General Twining.[2]

text: During his tenure, General Twining also approved the diamond insignia for First Sergeants.  This became available on 21 September 1955.[2]  With this approval, the foundations of the first seven ranks and insignia the Air Force uses today were in place.

text: The next major change came with the Military Pay Act of 1958.  This established the pay grades of E-8 and E-9 but without corresponding rank titles.  The titles of Senior Master Sergeant and Chief Master Sergeant were chosen between July and December 1958 after comments were solicited from the major Air Force commands of the day.  After much discussion, the insignia for these two ranks were designed by simply adding one and two chevrons to the top of the Master Sergeant insignia (for E-8 and E-9 respectively), each stripe pointing up.[2]

text: The rank of Basic Airman was renamed Airman Basic on 5 February 1959, still with no insignia attached.[2]

text: The next series of changes to Air Force enlisted ranks did not occur for almost eight years.  In January 1967 the position of Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force was created.  This position gained its own special insignia, the Chief Master Sergeant chevrons with a wreath encircling the center star.  On 1 August 1967 the lower enlisted rank names changed (revised AFR 39-36 on 19 October 1967) renamed Airman Third Class, Airman Second Class and Airman First Class to Airman, Airman First Class and Sergeant (known unofficially as "Buck Sergeant" by the NCO ranks at the time) respectively.  This returned Sergeant to the rank structure as the first step in the NCO tier as a retention move but required achievement of a 5-skill Air Force Specialty Code (AFSC) level.  No changes to the respective insignias were made.[2] Footnote: On 1 July 1969 the Air Force Serial Number was changed to the member's Social Security Number (SSAN). This change was for all grades and the three major US military forces including guard and reserve components. The commandant of the USMC did not adopt the serial number change to his forces.

text: In a 30 December 1975 directive the grade of Sergeant was split into two separate ranks while retaining the grade of E-4.  Senior Airman would be the last junior enlisted tier rank while Sergeant would remain the first rank in the NCO tier.  The impetus behind this was to laterally promote senior E-4 airmen who were ready for NCO responsibilities but not prepared to take on the role of a Staff Sergeant. This permitted airmen who had not yet reached the AFSC 5-skill level to achieve the pay grade of E-4, while according those who had NCO status. To differentiate the two ranks, the directive changed the silver star in the center of Airman, Airman First Class and Senior Airman changed to blue while the star on Sergeant chevrons remained silver.  Having two ranks within one grade mirrored the Army's Specialist/Corporal division of E-4.  This dual role would last until March 1991 when then Chief of Staff General McPeak terminated the rank of Sergeant effective 2 May 1991.  This termination was due in part to the manning reductions that occurred in the post–Cold War drawdowns of the early 1990s.  The last of the "Buck Sergeants" would have either been promoted or discharged under High Year Tenure by December 1998.[2]

text: The year 1991 also saw the last major change to the enlisted rank insignia.  In October 1991 General McPeak and Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Pfingston announced that the senior NCO tier would have new chevron layouts and that all chevrons would have a white star in the center.  The change in senior NCO chevrons was the first since chevrons came into being in 1948.  Until that time, Master Sergeant had been composed of six inverted chevrons (six down) with none pointing up, Senior Master Sergeant six down with one up and Chief Master Sergeant six down with two up.  The new layout changed the insignia to the current layout (see chart above).  The second change, changing the star color to white, was actually two changes in one.  It added a star to the Airman through Senior Airman rank insignias where there had been none since 1975 (the blue star carried by these chevrons was the same color as the blue in the stripes giving the impression that the star was not there) and changing the silver star on the NCO and senior NCO chevrons to white.[2]

text: In November 1998, the duty position of Senior Enlisted Advisor was changed to Command Chief Master Sergeant.  Along with the change, the addition of a star in the empty blue area between the chevrons was added to denote those holding this position.

text: In November 2004, the Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force insignia was updated to include the Great Seal of the United States with a white star on either side.  These additions were placed in the empty blue area between the chevrons.