document_title: Conquest of the Canary Islands

question_text: when did spain take over the canary islands

text: Conquest of the Canary Islands

text: Introduction[edit]

text: The ties between the Canaries and the Mediterranean world which had existed since antiquity were interrupted by the decline and fall of the Western Roman Empire. Although these linkages were weakened, they were not totally severed, and the Canaries' isolation was not total. During the Middle Ages, the first reports on the Canaries come from Arabic sources, which refer to some Atlantic islands which may have been the Canaries. What does seem clear is that this knowledge of the islands did not signify the end of the cultural isolation of the native inhabitants.

text: Visits to the archipelago began to increase after the end of the 13th century for reasons including:

text:
The economic expansion of some regions of Europe, such as Genoa, Aragon, the Kingdom of Castille, and Portugal, and their need to establish secure routes to the Orient to obtain silk and spices, as well as to Africa to obtain gold and slaves, while avoiding the territories controlled by the Ottoman Turks in the eastern Mediterranean.
Development of new navigation techniques (compass, astrolabe, stern rudder, cog-caravel) and the development of cartography, as well as the atlases, one of which, the Atlas Catalán by Abraham de Cresques of Mallorca, in 1375, shows the Canary Islands with their modern names.
Ideological and political motives: the monarchies of Southern Europe entered an expansive phase. In the case of the Iberian royalty, their territorial expansion was spurred by the Reconquista against the Moors in Spain. For this reason, territorial expansion represented a reinforcement of royal power, imbued with a crusader spirit in defense of Christianity.

text: Pre-Conquest[edit]

text: The first visit by a European to the Canary Islands since antiquity was by Genoese captain Lanceloto Malocello traditionally dated 1312 (but possibly a little later, between 1318–1325).[1] Malocello's motives were unclear - it is believed he might have been searching for traces of the Vivaldi brothers who had disappeared off Morocco, around Cape Non back in 1291.[2] Malocello made landfall (possibly shipwrecked) on Lanzarote island, and remained there for nearly twenty years. Malocello may have attempted to erect himself as a ruler among the aboriginal peoples and been eventually expelled by them.

text: According to some sources, shortly after his return to Europe, in 1336, Malocello led a return expedition to the Canaries, sponsored by King Dinis of Portugal. However, the existence of this expedition has been dismissed by most modern historians, as being based on later forged documents.[3]

text: Evidently drawing from the information provided by Malocello, in 1339 appeared the portolan map by Angelino Dulcert of Majorca showing the Canary island of Lanzarote (named Insula de Lanzarotus Marocelus and marked by a Genoese shield), as well as the island of Forte Vetura (Fuerteventura) and Vegi Mari (Lobos).[4] Although earlier maps had shown fantastical depictions of the "Fortunate Islands" (on the basis of their mention in Pliny), this is the first European map where the actual Canary islands make a solid appearance (although Dulcert also includes some fantastic islands himself, notably Saint Brendan's Island, and three islands he names Primaria, Capraria and Canaria).[4]

text: In 1341, a three-ship expedition sponsored by King Afonso IV of Portugal, set out from Lisbon, commanded by Florentine captain Angiolino del Tegghia de Corbizzi and Genoese captain Nicoloso da Recco, and employing a mixed crew of Italians, Portuguese and Castilians. Cruising the archipelago for five months, the expedition mapped thirteen islands (seven major, six minor) and surveyed the primeval aboriginal inhabitants, the 'Guanches', bringing back four natives to Lisbon.[5] (This expedition would become the basis of later Portuguese claims of priority on the islands.)

text: European interest in the Canaries picked up quickly after the 1341 mapping expedition. The descriptions of the primeval Guanches, in particular, drew the attention of European merchants, who immediately saw the prospect of new and easy slave-raiding grounds. In 1342, two Majorcan expeditions, one under Francesc Duvalers, another under Domenech Gual, assembled by private merchant consortia with a commission from Roger de Robenach (representative of James III of Majorca) set out for the Canary islands. The results of these expeditions are uncertain.

text: The Catholic Church was also drawn by the news. In 1344, the Castilian-French noble Luis de la Cerda (Count of Clermont and Admiral of France), then serving as a French ambassador to the papal court in Avignon, submitted a proposal to Pope Clement VI, offering the Church the more palatable vision of conquering the islands and converting the native Canarians to Christianity.[6] In November 1344, Pope Clement VI issued the bull Tuae devotionis sinceritas granting the Canary islands in perpetuity to Luis de la Cerda and bestowing upon him the title of sovereign "Prince of Fortuna". The pope followed this up with another bull, in January 1345, giving the projected Cerda-led conquest and conversion of the islands the character of a crusade, granting indulgences to its participants, and papal letters were dispatched to the Iberian monarchs urging them to provide material assistance to Cerda's expedition.[7] The Portuguese king Afonso IV immediately lodged a protest, claiming priority of discovery, but conceded to the authority of the pope.[8] Alfonso XI of Castile also protested, claiming that, by the ancient Visigothic dioceses and prior reconquista treaties, the islands fell within the Castilian jurisdiction and 'sphere of conquest', but nonetheless recognized Cerda's title.[9] Despite their formal concessions, preparations were stalled by the opposition of the Iberian monarchs, with the result that no expedition was mounted before Cerda's death in 1348.

text: With De la Cerda out of the picture, other parties resumed their adventures and we have notices of further expeditions by Majorcans (now annexed to Aragon) to the area - Jaume Ferrer in 1346 (aiming for Senegal, but might have touched the Canaries), Arnau Roger in 1352, and a royal-sponsored expedition by Joan Mora in 1366 (with instructions to also patrol for interlopers). These expeditions (and doubtless many other unrecorded ones, not only by Majorcans, but also likely by merchants of Seville and Lisbon) were almost wholly commercial, with the primary purpose of capturing native islanders to sell as slaves in European markets[citation needed]. But there was also some peaceful trade with the locals, particularly for orchil and dragon's blood, which grew wildly on the islands and were much valued as dyes by the European cloth industry.

text: The pope did not give up on his hope of converting the natives. In 1351, Pope Clement VI endorsed an expedition by Majorcan captains Joan Doria and Jaume Segarra, with the object of bringing Franciscan missionaries, including twelve converted Canarian natives (apparently seized by previous Majorcan expeditions), to the islands.[10] Whether this expedition ever set out is uncertain. Apocryphal legend relates the missionaries succeeded established an evangelizing center at Telde (on Gran Canaria), which the pope elevated to the 'Diocese of Fortuna' (although no bull to that effect has been found), until they were expelled in a native uprising in 1354. More confidently is the bull issued in July 1369 by the Avignon Pope Urban V erecting the diocese of Fortuna and appointing Fr. Bonnant Tari as bishop, and a follow-up bull of September 1369 instructing the bishops of Barcelona and Tortosa to dispatch 10 secular and 20 regular clergy to preach to the Canarians in their native languages.[11] But whether this actually set out or just remained a paper project is also uncertain. We have a more reliable record of a Majorcan expedition in 1386 carried out by 'Pauperes Heremite', sponsored by Peter IV Aragon and Pope Urban VI. Although their exact fate is unknown, there is a later report that thirteen "Christian friars" who had been preaching in the Canaries "for seven years" were massacred in an uprising during 1391.[12] At least five missionary expeditions would be sent (or at least planned) between 1352 and 1386.[13]

text: Geographic knowledge of the Canary islands coalesced with these expeditions. La Gomera and El Hierro are depicted in the 1367 portolan of the brothers Domenico and Francesco Pizzigano. The Catalan Atlas of 1375 shows the Canaries almost completely and accurately mapped (only La Palma is missing). The eleven islands are named in the Catalan Atlas (from east to west) as Graciosa (La Graciosa),laregranza (Alegranza), rocho (Roque), Insula de lanzaroto maloxelo (Lanzarote), insula de li vegi marin (Lobos), forteventura (Fuerteventura), Insula de Canaria (Gran Canaria), Insula del infernio (Tenerife), insula de gomera (La Gomera), insula de lo fero (El Hierro).[14] The name 'tenerefiz' is first given alongside 'Infierno' in the 1385 Libro del Conoscimiento.

text: During the 1370s, when Portugal and Castile were engaged in dynastic wars following the assassination of Peter I of Castile, Portuguese and Castilian privateers were dispatched against each other, several of which made detours to the Canary islands for shelter or slave-raiding jaunts[citation needed]. Ignoring the 1344 bull, Ferdinand I of Portugal granted (in 1370) the islands of Lanzarote and La Gomera to the adventurer 'Lançarote da Franquia' (believed by some to be none other than the impossibly-aged Lanceloto Malocello).[15] This Lanzarote made an attempt to seize the islands and is reported to have engaged in fighting with "Guanches and Castilians" there.[16]

text: There are several other expeditions, since determined to be apocryphal.[17] Among those deemed purely legendary are:

text:
(1) A 1360 wildcat Catalan-Majorcan expedition of two ships, captain unknown (alleged in legend to be the same Aragonese galleys prepared for Cerda back in 1344). Upon making landfall at La Gomera or Gran Canaria, the Europeans were defeated and taken prisoner by the native Canarians. After a certain period of time living among the Canarians (possibly a few years), the native chieftains secretly decided to kill all the prisoners. The entire crew, including the clerics (two Franciscan friars according to Abreu de Galindo, five says Viera y Clavijo), were swiftly rounded up and massacred by the Canarians.[18]
(2) a 1372 expedition by 'Fernando de Castro' (Galician, not his Portuguese namesake), who also made landing at La Gomera. After engaging in hostilities, Castro was defeated by the natives, but (unlike the 1360 expedition), the surviving Europeans were magnanimously spared and allowed to embark back to Iberia. Tradition claims that at the behest of the local king Amalahuige, Castro (or Oromel later) left behind his chaplain to convert his people to Christianity.[19]
(3) the famous tale of the Biscayan privateer Martín Ruiz de Avendaño, who took shelter on Lanzarote in 1377, and, during his stay, slept with the queen Fayna, wife of native king Zonzamas. This liaison produced a daughter Ico, who went on to marry the next king Guanarame and produce a son, Guardafia. After Guanarame's death, Guardafia's ascension to the throne was blocked by suspicions that his mother Ico (Avendaño's daughter) was not of noble lineage, until she was put through a trial by ordeal (being smoked in hut, and survived).[20]
(4) A 1382 ship from Seville, commanded by Francisco Lopez, wrecked off Guinigada (Gran Canaria), with 13 survivors; they went on to live among the Canarian natives, until their deaths c.1394.[21]
(5) An expedition in 1385 by Hernan Peraza, a Sevillan with a permit from Henry III of Castile.
(6) A 1386 expedition of two ships, under the command of Fernando de Ormel, of Galician origin, but noble in Castile and naval officer of John I of Castile. While patrolling the Andalusian coast, was caught up in a storm and ended up emerging at La Gomera.[22]
(7) A 1399 expedition of Gonzalo Peraza Martel, Lord of Almonastor (unlike the actual voyage of Almonastor in 1393).

text: Other legendary traditions include the apparition of the Virgin of Candelaria in 1392-93, encountered by two Guanches on the beaches of Tenerife.[23]

text: In the 14th century, a variety of forces competed for control of the Canaries: Genoese, Catalan-Mallorcan, Castilian, and Portuguese. In the following century, Castile and Portugal were the primary contenders.

text: The conquest[edit]

text: The conquest took place between 1402 and 1496. It was not an easy task, militarily, given the resistance of the Guanche aboriginals in some islands. Nor was it easy politically, given the conflicting interests of the nobility (bent on fortifying their economic and political power) and the state, particularly Castile, with an interest in reinforcing its own power in competition with the nobles.

text: Historians identify two distinguishable periods in the conquest of the Canaries:

text:
Conquista señorial, so called because the conquest was carried out by the nobility for their own ends and without the direct participation of the Crown. Under a pact of vassalage the Crown granted the rights to the conquest and in exchange the noblemen swore allegiance to the Crown. We can distinguish within this period two phases. The first is known as the Conquista Betancuriana o Normanda (the Bethencourt or Norman Conquest) was carried out by Jean de Bethencourt and Gadifer de la Salle between 1402 and 1405 and involved the subjugation of Lanzarote, El Hierro and Fuerteventura. The second phase is known as the Conquista Señorial castellana and was carried out by Castilian nobles whose appropriation of the land was mediated through purchase, cession and marriage. This phase included the land conquered in the first phase and also the island of La Gomera and lasted until 1450.
Conquista realenga. This term defines the conquest carried out directly by the Kingdom of Castile during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs who armed and part financed the conquest of the islands not yet subjugated: Gran Canaria, La Palma and Tenerife. This conquest ended in 1496 with the defeat of Tenerife and the integration of the Canaries Archipelago into the Kingdom of Castile. The Conquista realenga took place between 1478 and 1496.

text: The Conquista Betancuriana[edit]

text: The first period of the conquest of the Canaries was carried out by the Norman nobles Jean de Bethencourt and Gadifer de la Salle. Their motives were basically economic: Bethencourt possessed textile factories and dye works and the Canaries offered a source of dyes such as the orchil lichen.

text: Bethencourt received important political support in the court of King Henry III of Castile. His uncle, Robert de Braquemont, gained the king's permission for the conquest of the Canary Islands on behalf of the Norman noble. In exchange for these rights Bethencourt became a vassal of the Castilian King. Robert de Braquemont invested a significant amount in the venture. The story of the Bethencourt Conquest was recorded in the chronicle known as the Canarien, compiled by two clerics Pierre Bontier and Jean Le Verrier. The original was adapted in two later versions, one by Gadifer de La Salle (which appears the more reliable of the two) and the other by the nephew of Bethencourt, Maciot de Bethencourt.

text: The conquest of Lanzarote[edit]

text: The Norman expedition set off from La Rochelle and stopped off in Galicia and Cádiz before arriving in Lanzarote in the summer of 1402. The island's aborigines and their chief Guadarfia were unable to resist the invading forces and surrendered. The Normans established themselves on the south of the island where they constructed a fortress and founded the Bishopric of Rubicon. From this location they attempted an assault on Fuerteventura.

text: The conquest of Fuerteventura[edit]

text: This campaign lasted between 1402 and 1405. The extended duration was not due so much to the resistance of the islanders as to the difficulties and internal divisions between the two captains leading the invaders. Hunger and a lack of resources forced the expedition to retreat to Lanzarote. Jean de Bethencourt then travelled to Castila to drum up further support. There King Enrique III supplied the necessary measures and the confirmation of Bethencourt's exclusive rights to conquer the island, thereby marginalising Gadifer.

text: During Bethencourt's absence Gadifer had to confront a double rebellion, one by a section of his men led by Bertín de Berneval, who had restarted the capture of slaves and the other by the Lanzarote guanches who resisted this practice. Pacifying the island took until 1404 and the conquest of Fuerteventura recommenced at the end of that year. However, the two commanders acted separately, each one fortifying his own domain (the castles of Rico Roque and Valtarajal). The conquest of the island was completed in 1405 with the surrender of the native kings of the island. On an unknown date Gadifer abandoned the island and returned to France to defend his rights, but he would never return to the islands.

text: After the victory Bethencourt, absolute owner of the islands, returned to Normandy in search of settlers and new resources in order to continue the conquest of the rest of the islands.

text: Conquest of El Hierro[edit]

text: The conquest of El Hierro took place in 1405. There was no resistance offered by the scattered guanche population who were largely sold as slaves. The island was then repopulated with Norman and Castilian settlers.

text: Bethencourt remained on the islands until 1412 when he returned permanently to his lands in Normandy, leaving Maciot de Bethencourt in charge of his possessions.

text: The Conquista Señorial Castellana[edit]

text: The Bethencourt era ended in 1418[citation needed] when Maciot sold his holdings and the rights to subjugate the remaining islands to Enrique Pérez de Guzmán. From this point on the intervention of the King of Castile increased. Between 1418 and 1445 dominion over the islands changed hands on a number of occasions. Finally, control over the conquered islands and the right to further conquests fell to Hernán Peraza The Elder and his children Guillén Peraza and Inés Peraza. The death of Guillén Peraza in the attack on La Palma has been immortalized in a moving lament. After the death of her brother Inés and her husband Diego García de Herrera became the sole rulers of the islands until 1477 when they ceded La Gomera to their son Hernán Peraza The Younger and the rights to the conquest of La Palma, Gran Canaria and Tenerife to the King of Castile.

text: The island of La Gomera was not taken in battle but was incorporated into the Peraza-Herrera fiefdom through an agreement between Hernán Peraza The Elder and some of the insular aboriginal groups who accepted the rule of the Castilian. However, there were a number of uprisings by the guanches due to outrages committed by the rulers on the native Gomeros. The last one, in 1488 caused the death of the islands ruler, Hernán Peraza, whose widow, Beatriz de Bobadilla y Ossorio, had to seek the assistance of Pedro de Vera, conqueror of Gran Canaria, in order to snuff out the rebellion. The subsequent repression caused the death of two hundred rebels and many others were sold into slavery in the Spanish markets.

text: The Conquista Realenga[edit]

text: The second period of the Spanish conquest of the Canaries was different from the first in a number of ways:

text:
The Catholic monarchs commanded and armed the invading forces.
The funding for the enterprise was the responsibility of the Crown and individuals interested in the economic exploitation of the island's resources.
The islands involved, Gran Canaria, La Palma and Tenerife, had larger populations and offered the best economic rewards.
The guanches of the three islands, but particularly those of Gran Canaria and Tenerife, offered a clear and prolonged resistance to the conquest.

text: Conquest of Gran Canaria (1478–1483)[edit]

text: There were three stages in the conquest of Gran Canaria: a) Initial stage, June – December 1478. The first expeditionary force disembarked on La Isleta on 24 June 1478. The force was commanded by Juan Rejón and Dean Bermúdez, as representative of the Bishop of San Marcial del Rubicón, Juan de Frías, who was a co-financier of the expedition. They founded Real de La Palmas near to Barranco de Guiniguada on the site of the present day Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. A few days later the first battle of the campaign took place near to Real when the islanders were defeated. This initial victory gave the Castilians control of the north east corner of the island.

text: b) Guanche resistance and Castilian divisions from the close of 1478 until 1481. This period is defined by aboriginal resistance in the mountainous interior, the lack of men and materials and internal disputes between the invaders. During this stage Juan Rejón was dismissed on the orders of the Catholic Monarchs. His place was taken by Pedro Fernández de Algaba who was subsequently executed by order of the deposed Rejón. The naming of Pedro de Vera as the new governor of the island and the arrest of Juan Rejón put an end to the in-fighting that had continued until 1481.

text: c) Suppression of the guanche resistance and conquest of the island, 1481–83. Pedro de Vera, now undisputed commander of the Castilian forces, resumed the conquest of the island's interior and the guanche fiefdom of Gáldar. He was able to do this because a large contingent of reinforcements had been sent from Gomero by Diego García de Herrera. The guanche leader Doramas was subsequently killed in the Battle of Arucas. The capture of Tenesor Semidán, king of Gáldar, by Alonso Fernández de Lugo was a decisive factor in the victory of the invaders. Tenesor Semidán was sent to Castile where he was baptized with the name Fernando Guanarteme and after signing the Calatayud Pact with Fernando the Catholic he became a loyal and valuable ally of the Castilians. His actions have been interpreted in a number of ways throughout history: some think he was a traitor to the aboriginal cause; while others feel he was an able negotiator who saved many lives. On 29 April 1483 Guayarmina Semidán, considered to be queen of Gran Canaria, surrendered at Ansite Fortress. On the same day Chief Bentejuí and his shaman-advisor Faycán committed suicide by jumping off a cliff while shouting Atis Tirma (for my land).[24]

text: Conquest of La Palma (1492–93)[edit]

text: Alonso Fernández de Lugo, who played an important role in the conquest of Gran Canaria was granted the rights of conquest for La Palma and Tenerife by the Catholic Monarchs. The agreement with the Crown included a fifth of the captives and 700,000 maravedís if the conquest was completed within a year.

text: In order to finance the enterprise Alonso Fernández de Lugo entered into association with Juanoto Berardi and Francisco de Riberol. Each partner contributed a third of the costs and would receive the same proportion of the benefits.

text: The campaign was relatively easy, commencing on 29 September 1492 when the Castilians landed in Tazacorte. Alonso Fernández de Lugo made use of agreements and pacts with the guanches which respected the rights of the chieftains giving full equality with the Castillians in order to attract them to his cause. Resistance was generally minimal, with the exception of an incident in Tigalate. However, there was more concerted resistance in the canton of Aceró (Caldera de Taburiente) where the chief, Tanausú, was easily able to hold out as the only two access points to the area were readily defendable against the advance of the invading forces.

text: Seeing that the year would soon be up and fearing that he would lose the bonus of 700,000 maravedíes Fernández de Lugo proposed a meeting with Tanausú which was to take place in Los Llanos de Aridane. The Castilians ambushed and captured Tanausú when he left the Caldera. He was then sent to Castile as a prisoner, however, he starved to death on the journey. The official date for the end of the conquest is given as 3 May 1493. Following this part of the population of Aceró and other cantons which had signed peace treaties were sold as slaves although the majority were integrated into the new society formed after the conquest.

text: Conquest of Tenerife (1494–96)[edit]

text: Tenerife was the last island to be conquered and the one that took the longest time to submit to the Castilian troops. Although the traditional dates of conquest of Tenerife are established between 1494 (landing of Alonso Fernández de Lugo) and 1496 (conquest of the island), it must be taken into account that the attempts to annex the island of Tenerife to the Crown of Castile date back at least to 1464.[25] For this reason, from the first attempt to conquer the island in 1464, until it is finally conquered in 1496, 32 years pass.

text: In 1464, takes place in the barranco del Bufadero taking symbolic possession of the island by the Lord of the Canary Islas Diego Garcia de Herrera. This signing a peace treaty with menceyes, allowing shortly after mencey Anaga build a tower on their land, where Guanches and Europeans had treatment until it is demolished around 1472 by the same Guanches.[25]

text: In 1492 the governor of Gran Canaria Francisco Maldonado organizes a raid ending in disaster for Europe, as they are defeated by the Guanches of Anaga.

text: In December 1493 Alonso Fernández de Lugo obtained the Catholic Monarchs confirmation of his right of conquest over the island of Tenerife and in exchange for renouncing the bonus promised for the conquest of La Palma he claimed governorship of the island, although he would not receive revenue from the quinto real tax.

text: The finance for the conquest was achieved by the sale of his sugar plantations in the valley of Agaete, obtained after the conquest of Gran Canaria, and by forming an association with Italian merchants who had settled in Seville.

text: At the time of the conquest Tenerife was divided into nine Menceyatos or kingdoms which can be divided into two camps, one largely in favour of the Castilians and the other opposed to them. The former which became known in Spanish as ″el bando de paz″, comprised the peoples of the south and east of the island (from the ″menceyatos″ of Anaga, Güímar, Abone and Adeje) who had previous contact with Castilians through the activities of the missionary Candelaria. The opposing ″bando de guerra″ was based in the ″menceyatos″ of the north: Tegueste, Tacoronte, Taoro, Icoden and Daute and maintained a fierce resistance to the invasion.

text: The invading force set sail from Gran Canaria in April 1494 and landed on the coast of present-day Santa Cruz de Tenerife. The force comprised 2,000-foot soldiers and 200 cavalry made up of peninsular Castilians as well as soldiers from the other Canary Islands (mainly from Gomera and Gran Canary). After building a fortress they advanced towards the interior of the island. They tried to negotiate with Bencomo, the most important king in the ″bando de guerra″, and offered peace if he accepted Christianity and submitted to the authority of the Catholic Monarchs. Bencomo rejected the conditions attached to the offer making confrontation inevitable.

text: The first armed encounter between the two sides was the celebrated First Battle of Acentejo that took place in a ravine called the Barranco de Acentejo or Barranco de San Antonio in the present day municipality of La Matanza de Acentejo. A force of more than 2,000 men advanced towards the north of the island through the valley of Taoro. The objective was to defeat the Guanches in the centre of their heartland. The guanches ambushed the invaders who suffered a grave defeat, losing eighty percent of their forces in the battle. Alonso Fernández de Lugo managed to escape to Gran Canaria where he organized a new force with better trained troops and greater financial resources supported by Genoese merchants and Castilian nobles. After the battle the guanches destroyed the fortress built by the Castilians.

text: With a better trained and armed force Alonso Fernández de Lugo returned to Tenerife. After rebuilding the fortress at Añazo he advanced towards the plains of Aguere (San Cristóbal de La Laguna) where in November he defeated Bencomo in the Battle of Aguere as the gaunche leader committed the error of engaging the Castillian forces in battle in open ground. The use of cavalry and reinforcements provided by Fernando Guanarteme were the deciding factors in the Castillian victory. The guanches lost 1,700 men including Bencomo and his brother (or possibly stepbrother) Tinguaro. It is claimed that an epidemic had infected the population before the battle, decimating the island's population and leaving the survivors weak or ill, this is known as the "gran modorra" or the great drowsiness. However, the exact size of the epidemic and its importance in the outcome of the battle remains disputed by some historians.

text: In December 1495, after a long period of guerrilla warfare, pillaging and war fatigue the Castilians again advanced on the interior in the direction of Taoro, this time from the north. A force of several thousand guanches awaited them in a ravine near to the present day municipality of La Victoria de Acentejo, not far from the site of the First Battle of Acentejo. The Castilian victory in the Second Battle of Acentejo brought about the collapse of aboriginal resistance and access to the Taoro Valley remained open. The battle marked the conquest of the island of Tenerife and the end of the conquest of the Canary Islands.


document_title: The Four: Battle For Stardom

question_text: who are the final four on the four singing competition

root

text: The Four: Battle For Stardom

text: Format[edit]

text: The Four is a singing competition that differs among similar talent competitions, in that there is no auditions stage. The artists, also known as the challengers, are held in the holding room before singing in front of a live studio audience and the judges. This panel of people in the music industry ultimately decides the best challengers that compete against "The Four". Their decision must be unanimous. The members consist of vocalists of varying genres, and they must win challenges against new fellow artists to keep their seat and remain as a member of "The Four". At the end of six weeks, the last singer standing among "The Four" wins the competition.

tag: p

text: There are two distinct rounds in The Four. In the performances round, new challengers must earn their seat by performing in front of a live studio audience, the panel of judges and "The Four". After the performance, the judges then vote and make a "Yes" or "No" decision, signifying the challenger's fate in the competition. If a challenger receives a unanimous four blue rings on stage (four "Yes" from the panel), they advance to the next round of the competition. A red ring given to the challenger signifies a "No", ending his or her time in the competition. Artists who advance to the challenge round can compete against a member of "The Four" for their seat. In a sing-off style battle, the challenger and "The Four" member sing against each other for their seat. After the challenge, the studio audience then votes to decide which of the two should remain in the competition. The winner locks their seat for the rest of the night and cannot be challenged again until the next episode.[5]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
First aired
Last aired
Winner
Runner-up
Other finalists
Presenter
Judges

1
January 4, 2018
February 8, 2018
Evvie McKinney
Candice Boyd
Vincint Cannady
Fergie
Sean Combs
DJ Khaled
Meghan Trainor
Charlie Walk1

Zhavia

tag: table

text: ^ Walk withdrew from the show following episode 5.

tag: ol

text: Season synopses[edit]

text: Names in bold type indicate the winner of the season.

text: Season 1[edit]

text: The first season of The Four premiered on January 4, 2018. After six episodes, Evvie McKinney was announced as the winner of the season, with Candice Boyd as the runner-up. Along with the former and latter, the final group of "The Four" included Vincint Cannady and Zhavia. According to Variety, judge/producer Sean Combs has asked finalist Vincint Cannady to return to The Four for season two.[12]

text:
The Four

Episode
Group
Members

Seat 1
Seat 2
Seat 3
Seat 4

1
Original Four
Lex Lu
Ash Minor
Elanese Lansen
Blair Perkins

2nd Four
Zhavia
Saeed Renaud

2
3rd Four
Cheyenne Elliot
Candice Boyd
Jason Warrior

3
4th Four
Rell Jerv
Tim Johnson Jr.

4
5th Four
Nick Harrison
Kendyle Paige

5
6th Four
Evvie McKinney
Vincint Cannady

5/6
Final Four
Candice Boyd
Zhavia

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The first season of The Four was Fox's most watched and highest-rated new unscripted series in nearly four years.[1]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Thursday 8:00 pm
6
January 4, 2018 (2018-01-04)
3.75[13]
February 8, 2018 (2018-02-08)
4.03[14]
2017-18
TBD
3.67
1.2[15]


document_title: List of The Haves and the Have Nots episodes

question_text: how many episodes in the haves and the have nots season 1

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
16
May 28, 2013 (2013-05-28)
September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03)

2
20
January 7, 2014 (2014-01-07)
July 29, 2014 (2014-07-29)

3
25
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)
September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)

4
23
January 5, 2016 (2016-01-05)
September 6, 2016 (2016-09-06)

5
23
January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)
September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"The Big Surprise"
May 28, 2013 (2013-05-28)
1.77[6]

The Cryer family has prepared a surprise 50th birthday celebration for Jim, but as he arrives, he is stunned when he sees that his latest mistress, Candace, has become friendly with his daughter Amanda and is partaking in the festivities.

2
2
"Playing in the Deep End"
May 28, 2013 (2013-05-28)
1.81[6]

Jim has repeatedly requested that Candace leave the family's home, but she continues to disobey him by staying with Amanda.

3
3
"Beautifully Dysfunctional"
June 4, 2013 (2013-06-04)
1.47[7]

Candace commits some mischievous acts that put Jim's career in jeopardy.

4
4
"Entering the Race"
June 11, 2013 (2013-06-11)
1.31[8]

After Jim announces that he plans to run for Governor, Candace holds the affair against Jim and threatens to reveal the news to the media. Hanna is shocked when she discovers an eviction notice on her door.

5
5
"A Woman's Pride"
June 18, 2013 (2013-06-18)
1.32[9]

After her eviction, Hanna goes to Benny with questions regarding possibly adjusting the mortgage on her home.

6
6
"Angry Sex"
June 25, 2013 (2013-06-25)
1.82[10]

Jim falls into Candace's vindictive trap once again and David is irked by the fact that Jim is unable to control himself.

7
7
"A True Friend"
July 2, 2013 (2013-07-02)
1.54[11]

Amanda has Wyatt and Jeffrey assist her with the move into her new apartment while Hanna is set up on a blind date by Benny.

8
8
"The Criminal"
July 9, 2013 (2013-07-09)
1.56[12]

Benny prepares for his date by asking to borrow a car, but is arrested and charged with drug possession after falling trap to someone's malicious intent. Amanda seduces her law professor to raise her grade.

9
9
"The Set Up"
July 16, 2013 (2013-07-16)
1.61[13]

Katheryn ends up bonding with Hanna over their issues.

10
10
"Number Nine"
July 23, 2013 (2013-07-23)
1.80[14]

Katheryn shames Candace directly after Jim reveals his affair.

11
11
"Not My Daughter"
July 30, 2013 (2013-07-30)
1.87[15]

Katheryn tells everyone that she is leaving for vacation, but that turns out to be false.

12
12
"In Recovery"
August 6, 2013 (2013-08-06)
2.02[16]

Jim and Candace end up in a verbal and physical altercation.

13
13
"What Are You Doing Here?"
August 13, 2013 (2013-08-13)
2.14[17]

Information is discovered by a detective that links Benny and Tony. Veronica continues to work toward answers for Benny's case.

14
14
"My Name Is Veronica"
August 20, 2013 (2013-08-20)
2.05[18]

Katheryn gets nervous when her secret almost goes public.

15
15
"The Truth Will Set You Free"
August 27, 2013 (2013-08-27)
2.32[19]

After her secret is revealed, Katheryn tells everyone what she really knows about Jim's secret activities. Jeffrey finally discloses his love for Wyatt.

16
16
"No More Hiding"
September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03)
2.61[20]

Jeffery comes out to his parents; Hanna discloses information to Benny about Tony being his father; Amanda learns about her inheritance; and Wyatt relapses and has a life-changing accident.

text: Season 2 (2014)[edit]

text: The fifth episode in Season 2 of The Haves and the Have Nots, "Why Didn't You Tell Me?" was not only a series high episode in ratings, but the most watched television program in all of cable for the night.[21] The episode brought in 3.4 million viewers.[22] Among all OWN programming since the network's January 2011 debut, only a March 2012 Oprah's Next Chapter interview with Bobbi Kristina has drawn more viewers (3.5 million) than the February-4-2014 episode of The Haves and the Have Nots.[21] On Tuesday, March 11, 2014, however, a season 2 episode of The Haves and the Have Nots—following a hiatus within the season—set a record for all of OWN programming, scoring the highest ratings in the station's history. The record-breaking episode brought in 3.6 million viewers.[23] Additionally, the episode came in at number 1 among all of cable television and number 4 among all shows on television for its airing night.[22]

text:
Season 2 episodes

No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

17
1
"The Black Sedan"
January 7, 2014 (2014-01-07)
2.77[24]

Amanda is having second thoughts about asking for her inheritance. Inside, Katheryn and Jim are arguing about Wyatt's accident Hanna is trying to find out any information about Benny.

18
2
"Wyatt's Nightmare"
January 14, 2014 (2014-01-14)
2.55[25]

Wyatt kills a little girl after a hit-and-run, and Benny ends up on life support. Jim is unsure of what to do next once his campaign begins to fall apart. Amanda has an emotional breakdown.

19
3
"Family Issues"
January 21, 2014 (2014-01-21)
2.84[26]

Hanna disagrees with Tony's suggestion to take Benny off life support. Celine and Katheryn have a confrontation about the former's shabby treatment of Hanna.

20
4
"Unanswered Calls"
January 28, 2014 (2014-01-28)
2.78[27]

Jeffrey comes to the conclusion that Wyatt is the one who's at fault for Benny's condition and Lizzie's death.

21
5
"Why Didn't You Tell Me?"
February 4, 2014 (2014-02-04)
3.5[28]

Candace talks with Jim to have Benny relocated to a private hospital.

22
6
"Protecting Wyatt"
February 11, 2014 (2014-02-11)
3.01[29]

Jim does everything in his power to keep Wyatt from going to jail. Tony confronts Hanna and serves her with court papers.

23
7
"Amanda's Revenge"
February 18, 2014 (2014-02-18)
3.21[30]

Amanda breaks into her professor's home while his family is asleep. Candace is chosen by Hanna to represent her in court.

24
8
"Maggie's Plan"
February 25, 2014 (2014-02-25)
2.88[31]

As Jim gets ready to announce his campaign for Governor, Wyatt's behavior and warnings from Candace becomes too much to handle.

25
9
"March for Justice"
March 4, 2014 (2014-03-04)
3.04[32]

The judge makes a decision and sides with Tony. Hanna begs Tony on her knees to keep Benny on life support.

26
10
"Starting the Race"
March 11, 2014 (2014-03-11)
3.59[33]

Candace tries once again to blackmail Jim and David during their campaign event. Wyatt finally gets arrested.

27
11
"You'll Be Sorry"
May 27, 2014 (2014-05-27)
3.11[34]

Wyatt is arrested. Candace is kidnapped by the Malones. Benny shows signs of brain activity.

28
12
"The Confession"
June 3, 2014 (2014-06-03)
2.62[35]

Jim conspires to save his son. Amanda gets a gun. Benny improves.

29
13
"Donald"
June 10, 2014 (2014-06-10)
2.42[36]

Jim proclaims his son's innocence. Quincy pays Hanna a surprise visit in search of Candace.

30
14
"The Awakening"
June 17, 2014 (2014-06-17)
2.81[37]

Benny wakes up from his coma.

31
15
"The Vulnerable"
June 24, 2014 (2014-06-24)
2.92[38]

Benny prepares for his release from the hospital. Hanna plans to testify against Wyatt. Maggie tries to seduce David.

32
16
"The Sarandon Hotel"
July 1, 2014 (2014-07-01)
3.47[39]

After escaping her kidnappers, Candace asks Warlock for help. Jeffrey is seduced by Melissa.

33
17
"Again and Again"
July 8, 2014 (2014-07-08)
3.32[40]

David is compromised. Jim is plotting. Candace is panicking.

34
18
"Something's Wrong With Amanda"
July 15, 2014 (2014-07-15)
3.26[41]

Amanda leaves the Cryer estate with Quincy. Candace hides out at Jeffrey's apartment. Katheryn and Celine get into another confrontation.

35
19
"Norman Hewens"
July 22, 2014 (2014-07-22)
2.86[42]

A news report claiming that another person is responsible for the hit-and-run saves Wyatt from jail. Katheryn berates Jim about his evil deeds. Hanna attempts to apologize to Jim for her hand in the tragedy, but he won't have it and orders her off his property; however, Katheryn has a tearful and beautiful reunion with her best friend, and offers Hanna her job back and to begin after Benny is settled in. Katheryn then tells Jim off about his attitude towards Hanna and orders him to keep Celine under control or else.

36
20
"Checkmate"
July 29, 2014 (2014-07-29)
3.49[43]

Jim is confronted by Carlos, his illegitimate son with Celine. Katheryn's celebratory dinner party goes awry when Quincy, Candace's ex, shows up as Amanda's date. David and Veronica continue to battle over the fact that Jeffrey is gay. Candace seeks her revenge on Jim. Maggie makes another attempt to sleep with David.

text: Season 3 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

37
1
"The Power Dance"
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)
3.22[44]

Jim is being held hostage by Warlock under Candace's orders.

38
2
"The War Room"
January 13, 2015 (2015-01-13)
2.91[45]

Hanna seeks information about Quincy's mother so she can get one step closer to finding her grandson. room.

39
3
"A Southern Brawl"
January 20, 2015 (2015-01-20)
2.60[46]

Wyatt gives Celine a taste of reality and he finds out a about his brother Carlos.

40
4
"Amanda's Room"
January 27, 2015 (2015-01-27)
2.98[47]

Jim gives up and finally gives in to Candace's demands.

41
5
"The Press Conference"
February 3, 2015 (2015-02-03)
2.89[48]

Katheryn gets some devastating news.

42
6
"A Tragic Day"
February 10, 2015 (2015-02-10)
3.42[49]

Everyone else is assembled at the Cryer mansion.

43
7
"April 7, 1979"
February 17, 2015 (2015-02-17)
3.22[50]

Katheryn tells the story of how she first met Jim.

44
8
"In Crisis"
February 24, 2015 (2015-02-24)
3.28[51]

Katheryn and David try to tell Veronica how wrong she is about Jeffery.

45
9
"A Talk with Jim"
March 3, 2015 (2015-03-03)
2.90[52]

Benny is convinced that Candace has changed her ways.

46
10
"Oscar"
March 10, 2015 (2015-03-10)
3.02[53]

Hanna comforts Jim after Amanda's death.

47
11
"Unglued"
March 17, 2015 (2015-03-17)
3.02[54]

David is angry at Veronica for telling Quincy to beat up Jeffrey.

48
12
"Enough is Enough"
March 24, 2015 (2015-03-24)
3.50[55]

Benny searches for Quincy after he shows up at Hanna's home.

49
13
"Two Funerals"
June 30, 2015 (2015-06-30)
3.29[56]

Veronica starts a fire that destroys her mansion and almost claims David's life.

50
14
"In Memoriam"
July 7, 2015 (2015-07-07)
2.79[57]

Wyatt's confession to D.A. Sallison sparks controversy.

51
15
"Nine Lives"
July 14, 2015 (2015-07-14)
3.17[58]

Hanna finds out that Jim and Katheryn were holding Candace hostage.

52
16
"The Cougar"
July 21, 2015 (2015-07-21)
2.85[59]

Hanna covers for Benny after she discovers him in bed with Veronica.

53
17
"Candace Young, Esq."
July 28, 2015 (2015-07-28)
3.01[60]

Candace shows Benny where she works.

54
18
"Benny Does Battle"
August 4, 2015 (2015-08-04)
3.17[61]

Quincy is hurt from the accident.

55
19
"Quincy Jr."
August 11, 2015 (2015-08-11)
3.12[62]

Hanna is reunited with Q.

56
20
"A Home For Q"
August 18, 2015 (2015-08-18)
3.06[64]

Candace learns that Hanna is seeking custody of Q; and the Cryers and Harringtons try to convince the D.A. that Wyatt's taped confession is a misunderstanding.[63]

57
21
"Candace's Closing"
August 25, 2015 (2015-08-25)
3.19[65]

Candace buys property with the money she extorted from Jim; and Jim is interviewed on TV.

58
22
"Dianna Winchill"
September 1, 2015 (2015-09-01)
3.23[66]

While Jim is being interviewed by Dianna Winchill, a surprise guest arrives. Veronica tells Jim that she had planned Wyatt's attack in prison, leading Jim to attack her and later put a hit on her, Professor Cannon, and Prison Guard Terrell by calling three hitmen and ordering a "bloodbath."

59
23
"Vetted"
September 8, 2015 (2015-09-08)
3.28[67]

Hanna grows suspicious of Benny's involvement with Veronica and how he acquired his new house; Quincy drives a car through Hanna's home in spite of revenge; Candace decides to let her guard down with Oscar.

60
24
"Sheep's Clothing"
September 15, 2015 (2015-09-15)
3.13[68]

Hanna becomes devastated when she learns that Quincy set her house on fire; Maggie tries to talk David into running for Governor; Jeffrey gives Wyatt the necessary ammunition to take his parents down.

61
25
"When The Chickens Come Home"
September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)
3.71[69]

Hanna and Benny force Candace to tell the truth about everything.

text: Season 4 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

62
1
"The Waters Run Deep"
January 5, 2016 (2016-01-05)
3.11[70]

Katheryn and Veronica are taken to the police station Candace and Jeffrey disagree on what to do with Quincy's body when interrupted by a knock on the door.
Note: Actress Eva Tamargo who portrays Celine Gonzales leaves the main cast this season, although she is still featured in the opening sequence in the season 4 premiere.

63
2
"Paid In Full"
January 12, 2016 (2016-01-12)
2.73[71]

Katheryn has had a lot of time for reflection while cooling her heels behind bars with Veronica. Candace and Jeffery get a visit from police because of a nosy neighbor.

64
3
"The Right Medicine"
January 19, 2016 (2016-01-19)
2.94[72]

Katheryn is taken aback by the photo of Veronica in the arms of another man. Quincy wakes up and begs for Candace's help.

65
4
"An Evil Soul"
January 26, 2016 (2016-01-26)
3.02[73]

Katheryn is unshaken by the DA's attempt to push. Candace's lies catch up with her.

66
5
"Immunity"
February 2, 2016 (2016-02-02)
2.90[74]

Benny agrees to help Candace hide evidence in Quincy's murder.

67
6
"Making Millions"
February 9, 2016 (2016-02-09)
2.81[75]

Quincy Jr. passes out on Hanna after getting really sick and is taken to the hospital and placed in ICU.

68
7
"A Front Row Seat"
February 16, 2016 (2016-02-16)
2.95[76]

Maggie's lie to David could cause her to lose him forever; Katheryn gets out of jail but she can't find anyone to help Jim or Veronica.

69
8
"Unexpected Visitors"
February 23, 2016 (2016-02-23)
3.07[77]

Candace interrogates the social worker; Hanna is steaking out at Cryer's mansion waiting for their return; Katheryn goes to visit David but little does she know that Wyatt is one step closer to getting his inheritance.

70
9
"I Choose My Son"
March 1, 2016 (2016-03-01)
2.80[78]

Quita and Daylon break into Candace's house but are caught by Pearl, who calls her son Justin and his police squad to arrest them; Justin continues to harass Jeffery.

71
10
"Beg For What You Need"
March 8, 2016 (2016-03-08)
2.64[79]

Candace puts a plan into action to save herself and Benny from War's rage. Katheryn pleads with Hanna to not end their friendship. Veronica handles the hired assassin hiding in her house in an unexpected manner.

72
11
"48 Hours"
March 15, 2016 (2016-03-15)
2.85[80]

Warlock has pushed up Candace's due date, so she goes to the bank to mortgage the houses and Benny's tow yard.

73
12
"My Friend Maggie"
June 21, 2016 (2016-06-21)
2.85[81]

Maggie visit's Veronica's home and gets the surprise of her life

74
13
"Criminology 101"
June 28, 2016 (2016-06-28)
2.63[82]

Veronica treats David with much malice.

75
14
"Giving Candy To A Baby"
July 5, 2016 (2016-07-05)
2.70[83]

After talking with Pearl, Hanna hopes to gain custody of Quincy Jr.

76
15
"The Apple Tree"
July 12, 2016 (2016-07-12)
2.64[84]

Katheryn Cryer tries to process difficult news about one of her closest family members

77
16
"The Heart of A Man"
July 19, 2016 (2016-07-19)
2.70[85]

Veronica and Jeffery go to visit Katheryn but Veronica pushes Jeffery to his limit.

78
17
"An Accident"
July 26, 2016 (2016-07-26)
3.05[86]

Jeffrey begins to implode so he calls Candace and Justin for help.

79
18
"A Tragic Assumption"
August 2, 2016 (2016-08-02)
3.02[87]

Jennifer arrives at Katheryn's house to tell her that Wyatt is alive.

80
19
"I Am Wolf"
August 9, 2016 (2016-08-09)
2.89[88]

Jim teams up with a former enemy in his scheme against Candace.

81
20
"Back In Business"
August 16, 2016 (2016-08-16)
2.93[89]

Mitch breaks up the fight between David and Benny; David gets some shocking information about Mitch.

82
21
"The Fugitive"
August 23, 2016 (2016-08-23)
2.95[90]

The police are on the look out for Hanna so they question Candace and Benny.

83
22
"The Silk Handkerchief"
August 30, 2016 (2016-08-30)
2.95[91]

Benny learns the truth of how Candace financed his property. Candace finally tells him the truth about War and how she got the money, and what Mitch did but he doesn't believe her.

84
23
"Promises Kept"
September 6, 2016 (2016-09-06)
3.24[92]

Katheryn explodes when she is pushed to the limit. Benny finds out the truth about War by Mitch, who also reveals to Benny who he really is.

text: Season 5 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

85
1
"A Cup of Tea"
January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)
2.99[93]

Veronica tries to escape the Cryer Mansion. Jeffery is still trying to get a hold of Candace. Benny is still upset because of how Candace Mortgaged his house and the tow yard.

86
2
"Waiting for Candace"
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
2.16[94]

Veronica and Katheryn have a fight. Benny holds hope that Candace will come through with the money.

87
3
"It's Ok to Love"
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
2.68[95]

Veronica is still trying to escape Katheryn's mansion. Erica called Candace to give her an update on things with David.

88
4
"A Mother's Wisdom"
January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24)
2.36[96]

Veronica wants to meet with Candace and Jeffery. Jim helps Katheryn clean up a mess she has created.

89
5
"Brilliant Lawyers Lurking"
January 31, 2017 (2017-01-31)
2.70[97]

Veronica helps Candace and Jeffery out of a precarious predicament.

90
6
"A Hurricane Offshore"
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
2.75[98]

Veronica pays Erica a visit Candace encounters Oscar again. Quit'a finds Wyatt's place and tells him that she's going to take his money.

91
7
"Pieces of The Puzzle"
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
2.58[99]

Veronica lets Jim know that if anything happens to her she has dirt on him. Hanna questions Benny and Candace about what they did to Quincy.

92
8
"Praying for Light"
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
2.76[100]

Veronica planted a camera in those flowers she delivered to Erica. Hanna does all she can to keep the peace in her family.

93
9
"We All Need Forgiveness"
February 28, 2017 (2017-02-28)
2.33[101]

Veronica tells Justin to stay away from Jeffery. Candace makes Charles her latest Mark.

94
10
"Forget The Bubble"
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
2.41[102]

Veronica is pushing Jeffery's buttons. Erica is caught sleeping with David by War.

95
11
"In Pursuit of Prey"
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
3.20[103]

Veronica tries to seduce Benny. Warlock looks for Candace, Mitch returns from jail. Katheryn leaves Jim, Wyatt checks himself into rehab of his own volition.

96
12
"The Fallout From War"
June 20, 2017 (2017-06-20)
2.68[104]

Veronica goes in a rage after Melissa attempts suicide in her bed. In the aftermath of the shootout it is revealed that Quincy Jr is dead.

97
13
"My Grandson's War"
June 27, 2017 (2017-06-27)
2.44[105]

Veronica and Katheryn came face-to-face. Katheryn was able to be the friend that Hanna needed in comfort; Mama Rose inflict a bit of fear into Jim Cryer.

98
14
"Mad Day"
July 11, 2017 (2017-07-11)
2.33[106]

Veronica intervened and proved her skills by representing Benny, Jim taunted Veronica, Hanna found herself at Katheryn's new rental home.

99
15
"A Woman Under the Stairs"
July 18, 2017 (2017-07-18)
2.43[107]

Veronica threatens to reveal Officer Justin's secret and accuses him of sexually harassing Jeffrey. David and Jim find their sons. Charles reveals to Candace who he really is.

100
16
"Railroad"
July 25, 2017 (2017-07-25)
2.43[108]

Veronica visits Melissa at the hospital. Katheryn helps Hanna deal with Benny's situation. Wyatt gets released from the hospital. Charles beats Candace at her own game.

101
17
"Elevator Seven"
August 1, 2017 (2017-08-01)
2.30[109]

Veronica tried to confront Erica and David on the elevator about their relationship. Landon tries to warn Charles about Candace. Jeffrey meets up with Landon.

102
18
"A Broken Mirror"
August 8, 2017 (2017-08-08)
2.33[110]

Veronica catches Officer Justin in Jeffrey's hotel room, and records Officer Justin. Jim is trying to find Warlock before Mamma Rose does.

103
19
"Haunted By The Surname"
August 15, 2017 (2017-08-15)
2.40[111]

Veronica is confronted by Officer Justin. Candace starts to see Erica for who she truly is. Candace gets some devastating news.

104
20
"The Enemy Called Trust"
August 22, 2017 (2017-08-22)
2.52[112]

Veronica tells Landon to stay away her son. Jim is shocked to see that his house is on fire. Candace ask Mitch for a favor. Warlock gets caught in a deadly trap.

105
21
"Kate"
August 29, 2017 (2017-08-29)
2.64[113]

Veronica makes Melissa clean her blood out of her bed. Jim and Katheryn implode with emotion. Jim confronts Katheryn, and begs her for retribution.

106
22
"For The Team"
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
2.61[114]

Veronica gives Jeffrey and Officer Justin an ultimatum. Candace and Benny are at odds with each other. David tells Jeffrey to stay away from Veronica.

107
23
"The Veronica Show"
September 12, 2017 (2017-09-12)
2.58[115]

Veronica does something that puts Officer Justin at rage. Candace struggles with sorrow and the death of Quincy Jr. Jim confronts Candace at The Artesian Hotel.


document_title: Time in Oregon

question_text: where does the time zone change in oregon

text: Time in Oregon

text: Time in Oregon is divided into two zones. The vast majority of the state is contained in the Pacific Time Zone. Most of sparsely populated Malheur County, including its largest city, Ontario, and its county seat, Vale, are in the Mountain Time Zone due to their proximity to Boise, Idaho. The time zone division occurs at the southwest corner of township 35 S, range 37 E (approximately 42.45 degrees north latitude), continuing east to the state line, then south along the Oregon-Idaho border to the Nevada state line.[1]

text: Drewsey in Harney County is officially in the Pacific Time Zone, but some residents unofficially observe Mountain Time due to proximity to Malheur County. Local businesses and the Oregon Department of Transportation strictly enforce the practice of Pacific Time, however.

text: IANA time zone database[edit]

text: In the IANA time zone database, Oregon is contained in two zones:

text:
c.c.*
coordinates*
TZ*
comments*
UTC offset
UTC offset DST
Note

US
+340308-1181434
America/Los_Angeles
Pacific Time
−08:00
UTC−07
All except northern 3/4 of Malheur County

US
+433649-1161209
America/Boise
Mountain Time - south Idaho & east Oregon
−07:00
UTC−06
Northern 3/4 of Malheur County only


document_title: All-Ireland Senior Football Championship records and statistics

question_text: who has lost the most all ireland football finals

text: Most successful counties[edit]

text: The most successful team (1887 – present) is Kerry.

text:
Team
Inter-county football competitions

All-Ireland Championship
All-Ireland Senior Football Final Losing Appearances
Total

Kerry
37
22
59

Dublin
27
13
40

text: Least successful counties[edit]

text: The following counties have never been represented in an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final: Carlow, Fermanagh, Kilkenny, Leitrim, Sligo, Westmeath, Wicklow, and Longford.

text: Kilkenny do not compete anymore, having won three Leinster Senior Football Championships in the distant past. Kilkenny currently concentrate on the sport of hurling. Carlow also compete in hurling and have won an All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championship. Westmeath have enjoyed considerable success in hurling in recent years, winning a number of All-Ireland Senior B Hurling Championships and Christy Ring Cups, and their gaelic football team won the 2004 Leinster Football Championship.

text: As for the other teams, Fermanagh came close in 2004 — by reaching an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship semi-final replay — having defeated 1999 All-Ireland winners Meath, 2002 Munster Champions Cork, a Donegal team that reached the 2003 All-Ireland semi-finals and an Armagh team fresh from appearances in two consecutive All-Ireland Senior Football Finals.[1] Wicklow senior Gaelic football team's most notable recent achievement was winning the 2012 NFL Division 4 final.

text: By decade[edit]

text: The most successful team of each decade, judged by number of All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles, is as follows:[2]

text:
1890s: 6 for Dublin (1891-92-94-97-98-99)
1900s: 5 for Dublin (1901-02-06-07-08)
1910s: 4 for Wexford (1915-16-17-18)
1920s: 3 each for Dublin (1921-22-23) and Kerry (1924-26-29)
1930s: 5 for Kerry (1930-31-32-37-39)
1940s: 3 for Kerry (1940-41-46)
1950s: 3 for Kerry (1953-55-59)
1960s: 3 each for Down (1960-61-68) and Galway (1964-65-66)
1970s: 4 for Kerry (1970-75-78-79)
1980s: 5 for Kerry (1980-81-84-85-86)
1990s: 2 each for Down (1991-94) and Meath (1996–99)
2000s: 5 for Kerry (2000-04-06-07-09)
2010s: 5 for Dublin (2011-13-15-16-17)

tag: ul

text: By semi-final appearances[edit]

text:
Team
No. of Appearances
------ First and Latest Semi-finals

Kerry
81
1903 - 2017

Dublin
50
1891 - 2017

Mayo
48
1901 - 2017

Galway
41
1890 - 2001

Cavan
39
1891 - 1997

Cork
36
1890 - 2012

Meath
21
1939 - 2009

Roscommon
20
1892 - 1991

Tyrone
15
1956 - 2017

Kildare
14
1903 - 2010

Down
13
1959 - 2010

text: By county[edit]

text:
#
County
Winners
Runners-up
Years won
Years runner up

1
Kerry
37
22
1903, 1904, 1909, 1913, 1914, 1924, 1926, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1932, 1937, 1939, 1940, 1941, 1946, 1953, 1955, 1959, 1962, 1969, 1970, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1980, 1981, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2014
1892, 1905, 1910, 1915, 1923, 1927, 1938, 1944, 1947, 1954, 1960, 1964, 1965, 1968, 1972, 1976, 1982, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2011, 2015

2
Dublin
27
13
1891, 1892, 1894, 1897, 1898, 1899, 1901, 1902, 1906, 1907, 1908, 1921, 1922, 1923, 1942, 1958, 1963, 1974, 1976, 1977, 1983, 1995, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017
1896, 1904, 1920, 1924, 1934, 1955, 1975, 1978, 1979, 1984, 1985, 1992, 1994

3
Galway
9
13
1925, 1934, 1938, 1956, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1998, 2001
1919, 1922, 1933, 1940, 1941, 1942, 1959, 1963, 1971, 1973, 1974, 1983, 2000

4
Cork
7
16
1890, 1911, 1945, 1973, 1989, 1990, 2010
1891, 1893, 1894, 1897, 1899, 1906, 1907, 1956, 1957, 1967, 1987, 1988, 1993, 1999, 2007, 2009

5
Meath
7
9
1949, 1954, 1967, 1987, 1988, 1996, 1999
1895, 1939, 1951, 1952, 1966, 1970, 1990, 1991, 2001

6
Cavan
5
6
1933, 1935, 1947, 1948, 1952
1925, 1928, 1937, 1943, 1945, 1949

7
Wexford
5
3
1893, 1915, 1916, 1917, 1918
1890, 1913, 1914

8
Down
5
1
1960, 1961, 1968, 1991, 1994
2010

9
Kildare
4
5
1905, 1919, 1927, 1928
1926, 1929, 1931, 1935, 1998

10
Tipperary
4
1
1889, 1895, 1900, 1920
1918

11
Mayo
3
13
1936, 1950, 1951
1916, 1921, 1932, 1948, 1989, 1996, 1997, 2004, 2006, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2017

12
Offaly
3
3
1971, 1972, 1982
1961, 1969, 1981

13
Louth
3
3
1910, 1912, 1957
1887, 1909, 1950

14
Tyrone
3
2
2003, 2005, 2008
1986, 1995

15
Roscommon
2
3
1943, 1944
1946, 1962, 1980

16
Donegal
2
1
1992, 2012

2014

17
Limerick
2
0
1887, 1896

18
Armagh
1
3
2002
1953, 1977, 2003

19
Derry
1
1
1993
1958

20
London[a]
0
5

1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1908

21
Laois
0
2

1889, 1936

Antrim
0
2

1911, 1912

23
Waterford
0
1

1898

Clare
0
1

1917

Monaghan
0
1

1930

text: a. ^ London received a bye to the final in 5 seasons.

text: By province[edit]

text:
Cavan and Down are the Ulster teams with the most All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles.
Dublin are the Leinster team with the most All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles.
Galway are the Connacht team with the most All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles.
Kerry are the Munster team with the most All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles.

text:
#
Province
Total*
Winners
Losers
% Success Rate
Winners by county
Losers by county

1
Munster
91
50
41
54%
Kerry (37), Cork (7), Tipperary (4), Limerick (2)
Kerry (22), Cork (16), Clare (1), Tipperary (1), Waterford (1)

2
Leinster
87
49
38
56%
Dublin (27), Meath (7), Wexford (5), Kildare (4), Offaly (3), Louth (3)
Dublin (13), Meath (9), Kildare (5), Wexford (3), Offaly (3),
Louth (3), Laois (2)

3
Connacht
41
14
27
34%
Galway (9), Mayo (3), Roscommon (2)
Galway (12), Mayo (12), Roscommon (3)

4
Ulster
34
17
17
50%
Cavan (5), Down (5), Tyrone (3), Donegal (2), Armagh (1), Derry (1)
Cavan (6), Armagh (3), Tyrone (2), Antrim (2), Derry (1), Monaghan (1) Down (1), Donegal (1)

text: Total = Appearances in an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final

text: The provinces providing the highest number of different winning counties are Leinster and Ulster, with six each: Dublin, Meath, Wexford, Kildare, Offaly and Louth in Leinster and Cavan, Down, Tyrone, Donegal, Armagh and Derry in Ulster.

text:
Only on three occasions has the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final been contested by two teams from the same province:

Ulster: Tyrone vs Armagh (2003)
Munster: Kerry vs Cork (2007)
Munster: Kerry vs Cork (2009)

text: Final records and statistics[edit]

text: Success rates[edit]

text:
One county currently have a 100% record in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

Limerick

Note: Limerick won the first ever All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final and its 100% success rate has only ever been threatened once - in 1896. It remained intact.

Historic 100% success rates (when a team won their first All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final before losing a final at a later time) are:

Tipperary (1889-1918)
Dublin (1891-1896)
Kildare (1905-1926)
Roscommon (1943-1946)
Down (1960-2010)
Donegal (1992-2014)

text:
On the opposite end of the scale, three counties have appeared in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final on one occasion. All three lost.

Waterford (1898)
Clare (1917)
Monaghan (1930)

Three counties have appeared in the final more than once, losing on each occasion:

Laois (1889, 1936)
Antrim (1911, 1912)
London (1900, 1901, 1902, 1903, 1908)

Note: In each of London's first four appearances in the Final, they have been the beneficiaries of byes to that stage. From the 1900 Championship to the 1903 Championship, the GAA ran the competition between teams based in Ireland first, with the winners of the 'Home Final' going on to play London in the 'Grand Final'. In 1908 London qualified for the Final by winning the Semi-Final

text: Losing Counties[edit]

text:
Kerry, Cork, Dublin, Galway and Mayo have lost the most All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals.

Kerry have lost 22 finals;
Cork have lost 16 finals;
Dublin have lost 13 finals;
Galway have lost 13 finals;
Mayo have lost 13 finals.

text: Biggest winning margins[edit]

text:
The five most one sided All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Finals and their margins of victory:

19 points – 1911: Cork 6-06 – 1-02 Antrim
18 points – 1936: Mayo 4-11 – 0-05 Laois
18 points - 1930: Kerry 3-11 - 0-2 Monaghhan
17 points – 1978: Kerry 5-11 – 0-09 Dublin
15 points – 1889: Tipperary 3-06 – 0-00 Laois

text: Longest gap between successive All-Ireland titles[edit]

text:
Counties that waited more than two decades between winning an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

45 years: Louth (1912-1957)
34 years: Cork (1911-1945)
32 years: Galway (1966-1998)
28 years: Cork (1945-1973)
23 years: Down (1968-1991)
22 years: Wexford (1893-1915)
21 years: Cork (1890-1911)

text: Longest gap between All-Ireland final appearances[edit]

text:
Counties that waited more than two decades between appearances in an All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final.

63 years: Kildare (1935-1998)
47 years: Laois (1889-1936)
44 years: Meath (1895-1939)
38 years: Louth (1912-1950)
38 years: Mayo (1951-1989)
35 years: Derry (1958-1993)
34 years: Cork (1911-1945)
25 years: Armagh (1977-2002)
24 years: Armagh (1953-1977)
23 years: Down (1968-1991)

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text: In 1943, Joe Stafford of Cavan became the first player to be sent off in an all-Ireland senior football final. Many others have been sent off since then, including John Donnellan of Galway and brothers Derry O'Shea and John 'Thorny' O'Shea of Kerry in the 1965 final, Charlie Nelligan of Kerry in the 1978 final, Páidí Ó Sé of Kerry in the 1979 final, Brian Mullins, Kieran Duff, Ray Hazley of Dublin and Tomás Tierney of Galway in the 1983 final, Gerry McEntee of Meath in the 1988 final replay, Tony Davis of Cork in the 1993 final, Charlie Redmond of Dublin in the 1996 final, Liam McHale of Mayo and Colm Coyle of Meath in the 1996 final replay, Nigel Nestor of Meath in the 2001 final, Diarmuid Marsden of Armagh in the 2003 final and John Small of Dublin and Donal Vaughan of Mayo in the 2017 final

text: Six players have received black cards during All-Ireland finals: Johnny Buckley and Aidan O'Mahony, both of Kerry, in the 2014 and 2015 finals, respectively; three players in the 2016 replay:Jonny Cooper of Dublin and Rob Hennelly and Lee Keegan both of Mayo and Ciaran Kilkenny of Dublin in the 2017 final

text: Galway holds the record of losing a final to a team containing the least number of players, they were beaten by a Dublin team which had been reduced to just 12 players in the All Ireland Final of 1983.

text: Fastest goal[edit]

text: Garry McMahon's goal after 35 seconds of the 1962 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final is the fastest in All-Ireland Senior Football Championship Final history.[3]

text:
Other early goals include:

1993 - Joe Kavanagh (5 minutes)
2004 - Alan Dillon (4 minutes)
2005 - Dara Ó Cinnéide (6 minutes)
2012 - Michael Murphy (3 minutes)
2017 - Con O'Callaghan (1 minute)
2014 - Paul Geaney (49 seconds)
1980 - John O'Connor (35 seconds)

text: Players[edit]

text: All-time top scorers[edit]

text:
All-time top scorers in the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship

Rank
Player
Team
Scores
Tally
Games
Era
Average

1
Colm Cooper
Kerry
23-283
352
85 games
2002-2017
4.1

2
Cillian O'Connor
Mayo
23-261
330
46 games
2011-
7.2

3
Mikey Sheehy
Kerry
29-205
292
49 games
1973-1988
6.0

4
John Doyle
Kildare
8-260
284
67 games
1999-2014
4.2

5
Padraig Joyce
Galway
12-229
265
66 games
1997-2012
4.0

6
Bernard Brogan
Dubin
21-196
259
58 games
2006-
4.5

7
Paddy Bradley
Derry
17-202
253
44 games
1999-2012
5.8

8
Stephen McDonnell
Armagh
18-197
251
67 games
1999-2011
3.7

9
Maurice Fitzgerald
Kerry
12-205
241
45 games
1988-2001
5.4

10
Brian Stafford
Meath
9-206
233
41 games
1986-1995
5.7

11
Oisin McConville
Armagh
11-197
230
52 games
1994-2008
4.4

12
Jimmy Keaveney
Dublin
15-182
227
42 games
1964-1980
5.4

text: All-time appearances[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Team
Appearances
Year

1
Stephen Cluxton
Dublin
93
2001-

2
Sean Cavanagh
Tyrone
89
2002-2017

3
Marc Ó Sé
Kerry
88
2002-2015

4
Tomás Ó Sé
Kerry
88
1998-2013

5
Colm Cooper
Kerry
85
2002-2016

6
Darragh Ó Sé
Kerry
81
1997-2010

7
Tom O'Sullivan
Kerry
76
2000-2011

8
Conor Gormley
Tyrone
75
2001-2014

9
Andy Moran
Mayo
74
2004-

10
Brian Dooher
Tyrone
73
1995-2011

11
Ross Munnelly
Laois
73
2003-


document_title: Shimmer and Shine

question_text: who does the voice of shimmer and shine

question_tokens: who does the voice of shimmer and shine

text: Shimmer and Shine

text: Plot[edit]

text: The first season takes place in the human world and focuses on a young girl named Leah Thompson, who is friends with a pair of twin genies in training named Shimmer and Shine. Leah's genies grant her 3 wishes every day, but they often mess up. Each episode features Leah working together with her genies to solve the problems they inadvertently cause, all while keeping Shimmer and Shine a secret from her next-door neighbor and best friend Zachary Molloy.

text: In the second season, the characters are transported to Zahramay Falls, a magical land where Shimmer and Shine live. Leah reveals her genies' existence to Zac, who is given a genie of his own named Kaz. Shimmer and Shine continue to grant Leah wishes in Zahramay Falls and befriend the sovereign of the land, Princess Samira. The season also includes Samira's pet peacock, Roya; Zeta, a villainous sorceress; and Zeta's dragon, Nazboo.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Humans and Genies[edit]

text:
Shimmer (voiced by Eva Bella) – An optimistic genie with blue eyes and pink hair. She is enthusiastic and encouraging. She loves cleaning, glitter, and collecting genie bottles. Her pet is a gibbon monkey named Tala.
Shine (voiced by Isabella Cramp) – A courageous genie with purple eyes and blue hair. She is an animal lover and is often hungry. Her pet is a Bengal tiger cub named Nahal. Due to her love of animals, she is very knowledgeable about the behaviors of magical creatures native to Zahramay Falls. Unlike her sister, she hates cleaning. A running gag involves Shine saying "It's like I always say..." only to humorously reveal that she has just made up whatever she says next.
Leah Anne Marie Thompson (voiced by Alina Foley) – A blonde girl with blue eyes who owns a genie bottle necklace, which includes Shimmer and Shine.[5] Although Shimmer and Shine usually mess up her wishes, Leah is patient and forgiving with them. Originally, she was forced to keep her genies existence a secret from her close friend Zac, but revealed her secret to him after being transported to Zahramay Falls. In the second season, Princess Samira grants Leah and Zac's wish to visit Zahramay Falls whenever they want. While visiting her genies in Zahramay Falls, Leah magically dons a genie disguise in order to blend in, as humans are normally not allowed in Zahramay Falls.
Zachary "Zac" Molloy (voiced by Blake Bertrand in the first two seasons, Justin Felbinger from season three and onward) – Leah's neighbor and best human friend. In the first season, he is oblivious to the fact that Leah has genies. Whenever something strange or unusual happens, he responds to it in a carefree manner. He also has a habit of telling humorous experiences he has had to Leah. In the second season, he learns that Leah has genies and gets a genie of his own named Kaz.
Princess Samira (voiced by Nikki SooHoo) – The ruler of Zahramay Falls, who is in charge of checking up on all the genies in training. She can grant wishes along with the younger genies. She occasionally rewards genies with magic Genie Gems that can have a variety of magical effects. She acts as Shimmer and Shine's mentor and teacher. Despite Zeta being her self-proclaimed rival, Samira likes Zeta and is willing to give her a second chance at becoming a genie-in-training, which in season three is revealed to be due to her past friendship with Zeta when they were both students under Empress Caliana and hopes that Zeta and her can one day become friends again.
Zeta the Sorceress (voiced by Lacey Chabert) – A resident of Zahramay Falls who is Princess Samira's rival and wishes to replace her as the most powerful person in Zahramay Falls. Zeta is a sorceress instead of a genie, as she has no desire to grant the wishes of others, relying on magic potions and magical items. Her plans are almost always thwarted by Shimmer, Shine, and Leah. However, her own arrogance and ignorance can cause her to foil her own schemes as well. Despite the trouble she causes, the girls and Zac don't hold it against her and generally try to be friendly towards her when not foiling her schemes. Though she tends to be antagonistic towards Leah and her genies, she can be civil towards them at times and even work with them such when she finds herself and/or Nazboo in danger usually when her schemes backfire, which usually results in them saving her. Before becoming a sorceress, she was a genie-in-training under Empress Caliana along with Samira, whom Zeta befriended when she was a new student, though later quit school due to her jealousy of Samira and decided to become a sorceress instead, though despite her current rivalry with Samira is shown to cherish their past friendship as she held onto a feather pen Samira gave her when they first met along with a picture of the two of them together when they were both still friends.
Kaz (voiced by Jet Jurgensmeyer) – A genie in training who becomes Zac's genie in the second season. In contrast to Zac's easy-going and adventurous personality, Kaz is more cautious and scared easily. Despite their contrasting personalities, Zac and Kaz work well together and can be brave when he has to be. His cautious nature also means he puts more thought into how he grants Zac's wishes. Like most genies in Zahramay Falls, he has his own magic carpet, though sometimes uses Zac's Super Zoom Flyer, a magic carpet wished up by Zac. Kaz has a pet Ziffilon named Zain, who summoned by one of Zac's wishes after he learned that Kaz always wanted a Ziffilon as a pet. Though he and Zac get along well, he occasionally becomes unenthusiastic when granting wishes for Zac he would prefer not too. He was initially afraid of Zac's dog Rocket due to being unfamiliar with dogs, though eventually overcame his fear after Zac and the girls reminded him of how other genies were initially scared of Zain before they got to know him.
Empress Caliana (voiced by Barbara Eden) – Princess Samira's famous, semi-retired mentor. Caliana was the one who gave Samira her special necklace back when she was a little genie-in-training. Empress Caliana was a great explorer when she was a little girl and made many groundbreaking discoveries, such as finding the Caliana Caves. She is also old friends with Rohan, the normally shy crystalline golem that guards the caves. When Zeta and Samira were younger, Caliana taught genies-in-training at her school in Genie Hall, where Zeta was her top student. While praising Zeta's potion making skills, she tried to teach her to be more considerate of others and assigned Samira to sit next to Zeta when Samira was a new student which lead to Samira befriending Zeta, though Zeta eventually became jealous of Samira when she became the class's new top student, which eventually lead Zeta to quit school and decide to become a Sorceress instead after her attempt to sabotage Samira backfired, though Caliana expressed hope to Samira that she would one day return.
Captain Zora (voiced by Kellie Pickler) – A pirate genie who is Shine's idol. She is absentminded at times and can be very clumsy and forgetful, especially when she is on an adventure. She owns a flying pirate ship that she sometimes accidentally docks in odd places. Shine loves pirate genies and Captain Zora is her favorite of them all, so she gets very nervous and sometimes cannot talk clearly when she is around Zora.
Layla (voiced by Danica McKellar) – An ice genie who is a good friend of Princess Samira. She possesses an ice gem necklace that gives her freezing powers and keeps her body cold. She originally lived in a genie bottle buried on a sandy beach in Zahramay Falls, but it was accidentally broken by Leah and her genies. She currently lives in an ice palace.
Shaya (voiced by Kin Santiago) – A lightning genie in training who rides around on a flying cloud-board and can generate magical lightning. Leah and her genies help him catch a run away magic lightning bolt he created while practicing his magic. Though he is reluctant to work with Leah and her genies at first, he eventually learns the value of teamwork from them.
Nila (voiced by Mila Brener) – A mermaid who lives in the waters near Zahramay Falls. Leah and her genies befriend Nila after Leah wishes to find a Mermaid after learning they are real. She helps the girls obtain the Mermaid Gem to change the girls back to their non-mermaid selves after Leah accidentally uses up her wishes which leaves the girls trapped in Mermaid form. After Nila and the girls obtain the gem by befriending its lonely Guardian, she teaches them the spell to activate the gem's power which can both transform into Mermaids as well as undo the transformation allowing the girls to visit Nila and go on underwater adventures with her.
Imma (voiced by Grace Kaufman) – The Waterfall Genie who oversees the source of the rainbow waterfalls of Zahramay Falls in Rainbow Zahramay. The girls befriend her after Samira sends them on their first adventure to Rainbow Zahramay to investigate the cause of a weird mist produced by the falls that disrupts magic in Zahramay Falls and help Imma resolve the problem. Imma can use water magic that allows her to manipulate water using her magic staff which she also uses to activate the locks that control the flow of rainbow water to the falls.
Wishy Washy Genie (voiced by Fred Tatasciore) - A male genie whose powerful magic is to remove or fix a wish that cannot be used on other genies. He can be very wishy washy, just like his name. But while on the their adventure to find his home, the children help him make decisons.
Ayla (voiced by Liliana Mumy) – A hair-changing genie who has the power to change hairstyles.
Minu (voiced by Kitana Turnbull) – A flitter genie.
Nadia - The dream genie who is the only genie capable of granting wishes involving dreams and specializes in dream magic which involve using magic dust. She is also in charge of crafting special dreams for everyone in Zahramay Falls. As a result she knows about everyone in Zahramay Falls. However it is rare for her to make dreams actually come true.
Ezri - Nadia's assistant who like Nadia knows about everybody in Zahramay Falls as he recognizes Leah, Shimmer, Shine, and even Zeta on first meeting them.

text: Animals[edit]

text: All animals in the series are voiced by Dee Bradley Baker.

text:
Tala – Shimmer's pet gibbon monkey.[6] She has green eyes and wears white pearls, like Shimmer does. Tala is shown to be a talented dancer.
Nahal – Shine's white Bengal tiger cub.[7] She wears pink jewels and a gold circlet, like Shine does. She has a talent for playing the keyboard.
Rocket – Zac's pet dog who appears in several episodes of the first season and reappears in the third season. He is a rambunctious dog with a tendency to drool and chew on things which often causes trouble, though is simply an overly playful pouch who means no real harm. He has encountered Shimmer, Shine, Tala, and Nahal at various times. The only pet native to Leah and Zac's world, he eventually is wished to Zahramay Falls by Zac though is mistakenly seen as a monster by genies like Kaz and animals native to genie world like Parisa and Zain who are unfamiliar with dogs at first due to dogs not being native to their world, with the exception of Shimmer, Shine, Tala, Nahal, and Samira. After helping Zac stop Zeta from stealing Samira's staff, Samira permits Rocket to accompany Zac when he visits Zahramay Falls.
Nazboo – Zeta's talking pet dragon, who caters to her every need and acts as Zeta's underling. She is somewhat clumsy and often accidentally causes Zeta's schemes to backfire. He can also get easily distracted by food or anything that piques his interest. He also enjoys getting an occasional tummy rubs from Zeta. Though he acts as Zeta's underling most of the time, he is friendly towards Leah, Zac, and their genies as well as their pets to the point he often greets them by saying "Hi, Friends!" even in the middle of one of Zeta's schemes. Unlike Zeta, he is generally more considerate of others and prefers to play fair in competitions though usually assists Zeta in cheating. In the third season, he is revealed to be from Manetikar, The Land of Dragons and befriended Zeta when she came to Manetikar to find a dragon for a pet. Feeling sorry for Zeta after her attempt to make one of the larger flying dragons her pet failed, he agreed to become her pet and went home with her to her lair in Zahramay Falls, where he has lived ever since. He has a sister and two brothers who resemble him in appearance and personality.
Roya – Princess Samira's pet peacock, who resides in her palace. Roya is the polar opposite of Shimmer and Shine's pets, as she would much rather show off her feathers or practice walking gracefully than play or dance. Unlike Samira, Roya has a strong dislike for Zeta and Nazboo, to the point of literally chasing them out of Samira's Palace on one occasion. Once a year, she sheds a special feather with the ability to repair any magical object.
Parisa – Leah's pet Zahramay fox who possesses the ability to camouflage herself, making her practically invisible, whenever she wants. she also has a talent for painting. Parisa is introduced midway through the second season. Like Kaz and Zain, she was initially scared of Rocket, due to being unfamiliar with dogs, though not to the same degree that Kaz and Zain were.
Zain – Kaz's pet Ziffilon (a griffin-like creature). Kaz had always wanted a pet Ziffilon before getting Zain, so Zac uses one of his wishes to wish up a Ziffilon for Kaz. Zain is by far the largest of the pets, as he is big enough for Kaz to ride on his back, though despite his size Zain gets scared easily even more so than Kaz. Like most Ziffilons his favorite food is Zlam Berries and is originally from Ziffilon Island. Though he gets along with the other pets, he is frightened by Rocket at first due to being unfamiliar with dogs though after Zac reminds Kaz and Zain how other genies were scared of Zain at first, he and Kaz manage to overcome their initial fear of Rocket.
Zoomicorns – Winged Unicorns native to Zahramay Falls and Rainbow Zahramay introduced in the second season. They are friendly and helpful creatures who occasionally aid the girls and allow them to ride them. There is also a game called Zoomicorn Toss, where players ride flying Zahramay Cloud Boards while trying to throw rings around a Zoomicorn's horn as it flies around, without the use of magic as using magic is considered unfair. The only known named Zoomicorn, is Gleam who lives in Rainbow Zahramay that is a friend of the Glitter Genie Afina whom the girls meet and befriend during one of their adventures in Rainbow Zahramay in the third season.
Scallywag – The magical pet of the Pirate Genie Captain Zora, who helps Zora remember things that she forgets such as names and the meaning if words and phrases used by pirates. Scallywag flies around by spinning her tail in helicopter like fashion. Her magic goes out of control when scared causing random magic effects.
Nazboo's Family – Nazboo's three siblings Razboo, Kazboo, and Frank who are introduced in the third season. They all small flightless dragons that resemble Nazboo in appearance and share his friendly playful nature as well as his love of food and tummy rubs, though Nazboo and his siblings tend to get into trouble when they are together much to Zeta's frustration and annoyance, when they come to visit Nazboo. His sister Razboo has purple scales and wears a bow on her head. His brother Kazboo has green scales and a mohawk, while his brother Frank has blue scales and wears a bowtie. While Kazboo and Razboo are capable of speech like Nazboo, Frank's vocabulary is apparently limit to saying his own name which doesn't rhyme with his other siblings' names.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episode
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
20[8]
August 24, 2015 (2015-08-24)
May 11, 2016 (2016-05-11)

2
20[9]
June 15, 2016 (2016-06-15)
March 31, 2017 (2017-03-31)[10]

3
20[11]
May 5, 2017 (2017-05-05)
TBA (TBA)

text: Merchandise[edit]

text: Books[edit]

text: Nickelodeon and Random House Children's Books released books based on the show starting in January 2016.

text: DVDs[edit]

text: Nickelodeon and Paramount Home Entertainment released a DVD based on the show on February 2, 2016.[12] Another DVD, entitled Welcome to Zahramay Falls, was released on August 16, 2016. A third DVD, Friendship Divine, was released on February 7, 2017. A fourth DVD, Magical Pets of Zahramay Falls, was scheduled to be released on August 22, 2017. A fifth DVD, Beyond the Rainbow Falls, is scheduled to be released on February 6, 2018.

text: A Nick Jr. compilation DVD, entitled Nickelodeon Favorites: Whiskers & Paws, was released on January 26, 2016 and consists the episode "Abraca-Genie", along with select episodes of PAW Patrol, Dora and Friends: Into the City!, Fresh Beat Band of Spies, Bubble Guppies, and Blue's Clues.[13]

text: Toys[edit]

text: Nickelodeon and Fisher-Price released a toy line based on the show. Mega Bloks playlets based on the show have been released.

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Shimmer and Shine premiered on Nick Jr. UK on November 9, 2015[14] where it was dubbed with British voice actors, replacing the original American soundtrack (though Zeta and the animals' voices remained unchanged).