document_title: List of Apollo astronauts

question_text: when did the last person walk on the moon

text: List of Apollo astronauts

text: Prime crew members[edit]

text: NASA's Director of Flight Crew Operations during the Gemini and Apollo programs was Donald K. "Deke" Slayton, one of the original Mercury Seven astronauts, who was medically grounded in September 1962 due to a minor cardiac arrythmia – paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Slayton was responsible for making all Gemini and Apollo crew assignments. In March 1972, Slayton was restored to flight status, and flew on the 1975 Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission.

text: The prime crew members selected for actual missions are here grouped by their NASA astronaut selection groups, and within each group in the order selected for flight.

text: From the Mercury Seven[edit]

text:
Virgil I. "Gus" Grissom – Pilot of Liberty Bell 7 and commander of the first manned Gemini 3, Grissom was selected in 1966 to command the first manned mission, Apollo 1, a low Earth orbit test of the Apollo Command/Service Module. This mission ended a month before its scheduled launch,[1] when a cabin fire on the launch pad killed Grissom and his entire crew—Ed White and Roger Chaffee—on January 27, 1967. According to Slayton, Grissom would have been his choice to be the first to walk on the Moon.[2][3]
Walter M. Schirra Jr. – Pilot of Sigma 7 and commander of Gemini 6A, was selected to command a second CSM test flight which was canceled in late 1966, at which time he was reassigned as Grissom's backup. Twenty-one months after the Apollo 1 fire, Schirra commanded the first CSM test flight, Apollo 7. He was the only member of the "Mercury Seven" to fly on all three programs.
Alan B. Shepard Jr. – America's first man in space on Freedom 7 was originally selected to command Gemini 3, but was medically grounded for the duration of Gemini due to Ménière's disease and assisted Slayton in Flight Operations. After corrective surgery, Shepard was restored to flight status and commanded Apollo 14, the third successful Moon landing mission.

text: From Astronaut Group 2[edit]

text: All of these astronauts flew on Gemini, and except for White, each commanded one Gemini and one Apollo mission:

text:
Ed White – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 4 who made the United States' first walk in space, selected as Senior Pilot (second seat) on Apollo 1. White was killed in the Apollo 1 fire along with Grissom and Chaffee.
James A. McDivitt – Commander of Gemini 4, selected in late 1966 to command the first Earth orbital flight test of the Apollo Lunar Module with the CSM. This mission flew in March 1969 as Apollo 9. After his flight, McDivitt was promoted to Manager of Lunar Landing Operations, and in August 1969 was promoted to Manager of the Apollo Spacecraft Program.
Frank F. Borman II – Commander of Gemini 7, selected to command a higher Earth orbit test of the complete Apollo spacecraft. But when delays prevented the LM from being ready in time for its first flight in December 1968, Borman's mission was changed to the first lunar orbital flight of the CSM on Apollo 8.
James A. Lovell Jr. – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 7, and commander of Gemini 12, flew as Command Module Pilot (second seat) on Apollo 8. Lovell became the first to fly a second Apollo mission as commander of Apollo 13, the third lunar landing attempt. This mission was unsuccessful, due to a Service Module electrical system failure caused by an oxygen tank explosion. Lovell and his crew managed to return to Earth safely.
Thomas P. Stafford – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 6A and commander of Gemini 9A, commanded a lunar orbital test of the Lunar Module on Apollo 10. He also commanded the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project mission.
John W. Young – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 3 and commander of Gemini 10, flew as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 10. Young later commanded the successful Apollo 16 lunar landing. He also commanded the first Space Shuttle flight, STS-1 Columbia, on April 12, 1981. He died January 5, 2018.
Neil A. Armstrong – Commander of Gemini 8, commanded Apollo 11, becoming the first man to set foot on the Moon.
Charles "Pete" Conrad Jr. – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 5 and commander of Gemini 11, commanded Apollo 12, the second lunar landing.  He went on to command Skylab 2, successfully completing repairs to the spacecraft that saved it for this and two subsequent missions.

text: From Astronaut Group 3[edit]

text: This was the first class of astronauts for which test pilot experience was not required, but military jet fighter pilot experience was acceptable.

text: Five of this group got their first spaceflight experience as second seat on Gemini:

text:
David R. Scott – Second-seat veteran of Gemini 8, flew as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 9, and commanded the Apollo 15 lunar landing.
Eugene A. Cernan – Second-seat veteran on Gemini 9A, flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 10, and commanded the final lunar landing mission Apollo 17.
Michael Collins – Second-seat veteran on Gemini 10, flew as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 11.
Edwin E. "Buzz" Aldrin Jr. – Second-seat veteran on Gemini 12, flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 11, the first Moon landing.
Richard F. Gordon Jr. – Second-seat veteran on Gemini 11, flew as Command Module Pilot on Apollo 12. Gordon was selected to command the Apollo 18 lunar landing, which was later canceled.

text: The remaining six members of this group were selected for their first space flights on Apollo:

text:
Roger B. Chaffee – Selected as Pilot (third seat) on Apollo 1, was killed with Grissom and White in the fire.
Donn F. Eisele – Flew second seat on Apollo 7.
R. Walter Cunningham – Flew third seat on Apollo 7.
Russell L. "Rusty" Schweickart – Flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 9. Schweickart performed an EVA outside the spacecraft, testing the Portable Life Support System used on the Moon.
William A. Anders – Flew third seat on Apollo 8.
Alan L. Bean – Flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 12. He later served as Commander for Skylab 3.

text: From Astronaut Group 4[edit]

text: In June 1965, NASA named a group of five scientist astronauts, the first group qualified by doctorate degrees rather than test or military fighter pilot experience.[4]  Geologist Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt participated heavily in the geological training of the lunar landing astronauts, as well as assisting in the analysis of returned samples and the preparation of mission reports. In 1970, he was selected as Lunar Module Pilot for the Apollo 15 backup crew, and prime crew on Apollo 18. When program cutbacks canceled missions 18 through 20, NASA's lunar geological community insisted on having a geologist on the Moon, so Slayton reassigned Schmitt to Apollo 17.

text: From Astronaut Group 5[edit]

text: NASA named a group of 19 more astronauts in April 1966.  None had spaceflight experience before their Apollo mission.

text:
T. Kenneth Mattingly II – Selected as prime Command Module Pilot for Apollo 13, Mattingly was exposed to German measles days before the flight and was grounded by the flight surgeon. He swapped places with his backup and flew on Apollo 16.  He also flew on STS-4 and STS-51-C
John L. "Jack" Swigert Jr. – Flew as Mattingly's backup on Apollo 13.
Fred W. Haise Jr. – Flew as Lunar Module Pilot on the unsuccessful Apollo 13. Haise was selected to command the Apollo 19 lunar landing, which was canceled.
Stuart A. Roosa – Command Module Pilot on Apollo 14
Edgar D. Mitchell – Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 14
Alfred M. Worden – Command Module Pilot on Apollo 15
James B. Irwin – Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 15
Charles M. Duke Jr. – First achieved public recognition as capsule communicator during the Apollo 11 Moon landing; notable for the quote: "...we copy you on the ground. You've got a bunch of guys about to turn blue; we're breathing again. Thanks a lot."[5] Duke flew as Lunar Module Pilot on Apollo 16.
Ronald E. Evans Jr. – Command Module Pilot on Apollo 17.

text: Other astronauts who trained for Apollo but did not fly[edit]

text:
L. Gordon Cooper Jr. – from the Mercury Seven; veteran of Mercury Faith 7 and commander of Gemini 5, was replaced as Apollo 14 commander by Alan Shepard and resigned from NASA in 1970.
Clifton C. Williams Jr. – from Group 3; was named as Schweickart's Lunar Module Pilot backup crew, but was killed when the T-38 jet he was flying crashed near Tallahassee, Florida on October 5, 1967. He was replaced with Bean, who flew on Apollo 12.
Edward G. Givens Jr. – from Group 5; was on the support crew of Apollo 7, but died in a car crash near Houston, Texas on June 6, 1967.
Joseph H. Engle – from Group 5; was originally named as Apollo 17 Lunar Module Pilot, but lost his slot to Schmitt. After Apollo, he flew in the Space Shuttle Approach and Landing Tests, then commanded STS-2 and STS-51I.

text: Apollo astronauts who walked on the Moon[edit]

text: Twelve people have walked on the Moon. Four of them are still living as of  August 2018.[update] All manned lunar landings took place between July 1969 and December 1972 as part of the Apollo program.

text:
Name

Born

Died

Age atfirst step

Mission

Lunar EVA dates

Service

Alma Mater

01.
Neil Armstrong
(1930-08-05)August 5, 1930
August 25, 2012(2012-08-25) (aged 82)
38y 11m 15d

Apollo 11
July 21, 1969[6]
NASA[7]
Purdue University, University of Southern California

02.
Buzz Aldrin
 (1930-01-20) January 20, 1930 (age 88)

39y 6m 0d
Air Force
United States Military Academy, MIT

03.
Pete Conrad
(1930-06-02)June 2, 1930
July 8, 1999(1999-07-08) (aged 69)
39y 5m 17d

Apollo 12
November 19–20, 1969
Navy
Princeton University

04.
Alan Bean
(1932-03-15)March 15, 1932
May 26, 2018(2018-05-26) (aged 86)
37y 8m 4d
Navy
University of Texas, Austin

05.
Alan Shepard
(1923-11-18)November 18, 1923
July 21, 1998(1998-07-21) (aged 74)
47y 2m 18d

Apollo 14
February 5–6, 1971
Navy
United States Naval Academy, Naval War College

06.
Edgar Mitchell
(1930-09-17)September 17, 1930
February 4, 2016(2016-02-04) (aged 85)
40y 4m 19d
Navy
Carnegie Mellon University, Naval Postgraduate School, MIT

07.
David Scott
 (1932-06-06) June 6, 1932 (age 86)

39y 1m 25d

Apollo 15
July 31 – August 2, 1971
Air Force
University of Michigan, United States Military Academy, MIT

08.
James Irwin
(1930-03-17)March 17, 1930
August 8, 1991(1991-08-08) (aged 61)
41y 4m 14d
Air Force
United States Naval Academy, University of Michigan

09.
John Young
(1930-09-24)September 24, 1930
January 5, 2018(2018-01-05) (aged 87)
41y 6m 28d

Apollo 16
April 21–23, 1972
Navy
Georgia Institute of Technology

10.
Charles Duke
 (1935-10-03) October 3, 1935 (age 82)

36y 6m 18d
Air Force
United States Naval Academy, MIT

11.
Eugene Cernan
(1934-03-14)March 14, 1934
January 16, 2017(2017-01-16) (aged 82)
38y 9m 7d

Apollo 17
December 11–14, 1972
Navy
Purdue University, Naval Postgraduate School

12.
Harrison Schmitt
 (1935-07-03) July 3, 1935 (age 83)

37y 5m 8d
NASA
Caltech, University of Oslo, Harvard University

text: On each of the Apollo 17 extravehicular activities (EVAs), Harrison Schmitt was the second person out of, and the first person back into, the lunar module. Schmitt is thus the 12th and last person to have stepped onto the Moon. Eugene Cernan, as the second person to enter the lunar module on the final EVA, was the last person to have walked on the Moon.

text: Alan Shepard was the oldest person to walk on the Moon, at age 47 years and 80 days. Charlie Duke was the youngest, at age 36 years and 201 days.

text: Jim Lovell and Fred Haise were scheduled to walk on the Moon during the Apollo 13 mission, but the lunar landing was aborted following a major malfunction en route to the Moon. Haise was again scheduled to walk on the Moon as commander of Apollo 19, but Apollo 18 and Apollo 19 were canceled on September 2, 1970.

text: Joe Engle had trained on the backup crew for Apollo 14 to explore the Moon with Cernan, but Engle was replaced by Schmitt on the primary crew for Apollo 17. Schmitt had previously been crewed with Apollo 12 command module pilot Dick Gordon in anticipation of Apollo 18, but Schmitt replaced Engle on Apollo 17 after the cancellation of Apollo 18 and Apollo 19, leaving Gordon as the last Apollo astronaut to train extensively for lunar exploration without ever landing on the Moon.

text: Apollo astronauts who flew to the Moon without landing[edit]

text: Besides the 12 people who have walked on the Moon, 12 more have flown to within 0.001 lunar distance of its surface. During each of the six missions with successful lunar landings, one astronaut remained in lunar orbit while the other two landed. In addition, the three-person crews of Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 also entered lunar orbit, and the crew of Apollo 13 looped around the Moon on a free-return trajectory.

text: All nine manned missions to the Moon took place as part of the Apollo program over a period of just under four years, from 21 December 1968 to 19 December 1972. The 24 people who have flown to the Moon are the only people who have traveled beyond low Earth orbit. Twelve of them are still living as of  May 2018[update].

text: Jim Lovell, John Young, and Eugene Cernan are the only three people to have flown to the Moon twice. Young and Cernan each set foot on it during their respective second lunar missions, while Lovell is the only person to have flown to the Moon twice without landing.

text: During Cernan's first lunar mission on Apollo 10, he tied the present record set by Bill Anders on Apollo 8 as the youngest person to fly to the Moon. Each was 35 years and 65 days old on his launch date and 35 years and 68 days old when he entered lunar orbit. The oldest person to fly to the Moon was Alan Shepard, who walked on its surface during the Apollo 14 mission. Shepard was 47 years and 74 days old on his launch date and 47 years and 78 days old when he entered lunar orbit.

text: Because of Apollo 13's free-return trajectory, Lovell, Jack Swigert and Fred Haise flew higher above the Moon's 180° meridian (opposite Earth) than anyone else has flown (254 km/158 mi). Coincidentally, due to the Moon's distance from Earth at the time, they simultaneously set the present record for humans' greatest distance from Earth, reaching an altitude of 400,171 km (248,655 mi) above sea level at 0:21 UTC on 15 April 1970.

text:
Name

Born

Died

Age on mission

Mission

Mission dates

Service

Notes

1.
Frank Borman
 (1928-03-14) March 14, 1928 (age 90)

40
Apollo 8
December 21–27, 1968
Air Force

2.
Jim Lovell
 (1928-03-25) March 25, 1928 (age 90)

40
Navy
also flew on Apollo 13

3.
Bill Anders
 (1933-10-17) October 17, 1933 (age 84)

35
Air Force

4.
Tom Stafford
 (1930-09-17) September 17, 1930 (age 87)

38
Apollo 10
May 18–26, 1969
Air Force
later flew on Apollo–Soyuz Test Project

John Young
(1930-09-24)September 24, 1930
January 5, 2018(2018-01-05) (aged 87)
38
Navy
landed on Apollo 16; later flew two space shuttle missions

Eugene Cernan
(1934-03-14)March 14, 1934
January 16, 2017(2017-01-16) (aged 82)
35
Navy
landed on Apollo 17

5.
Michael Collins
 (1930-10-31) October 31, 1930 (age 87)

38
Apollo 11
July 16–24, 1969
Air Force

6.
Dick Gordon
(1929-10-05)October 5, 1929
November 6, 2017(2017-11-06) (aged 88)
40
Apollo 12
November 14–24, 1969
Navy
trained to land, slated for Apollo 18 (canceled)[8]

Jim Lovell
 (1928-03-25) March 25, 1928 (age 90)

42
Apollo 13
April 11–17, 1970
Navy
already flown on Apollo 8; intended to land

7.
Jack Swigert
(1931-08-30)August 30, 1931
December 27, 1982(1982-12-27) (aged 51)
38
NASA

8.
Fred Haise
 (1933-11-14) November 14, 1933 (age 84)

36
NASA[9]
intended to land; later trained to land and slated for Apollo 19 (canceled);[8] flew shuttle on approach / landing tests

9.
Stu Roosa
(1933-08-16)August 16, 1933
December 12, 1994(1994-12-12) (aged 61)
37
Apollo 14
January 31 – February 9, 1971
Air Force
in rotation to land on Apollo 20 (canceled)

10.
Al Worden
 (1932-02-07) February 7, 1932 (age 86)

39
Apollo 15
July 26 – August 7, 1971
Air Force

11.
Ken Mattingly
 (1936-03-17) March 17, 1936 (age 82)

36
Apollo 16
April 16–27, 1972
Navy
later flew two space shuttle missions.

12.
Ron Evans
(1933-11-10)November 10, 1933
April 7, 1990(1990-04-07) (aged 56)
39
Apollo 17
December 7–19, 1972
Navy


document_title: Fenris Wolf (Marvel Comics)

question_text: what is the name of hela's wolf

question_tokens: what is the name of hela 's wolf

root

text: Fenris Wolf (Marvel Comics)

text: Publication history[edit]

text: The Fenris Wolf first appeared in Marvel Comics in Journey into Mystery #114 (March 1965), and was adapted from Norse legends by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.

tag: p

text: The character subsequently appeared in Thor #277-278 (November–December 1978), and Thor Vol. 2 #80-83 (August–October 2004) and #85 (December 2004).

text: The Fenris Wolf received an entry in the Official Handbook of the Marvel Universe Deluxe Edition #4.

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: The Fenris Wolf is a creature of Asgardian origin, said to be offspring of Loki and the giantess Angrboda.

text: However, many years ago, he was part of the basis of Little Red Riding Hood. The Goddess, Iduna, walks the forests of Asgard carrying a bundle of golden apples. These "Golden Apples of Immortality" are for All-Father Odin, and Iduna takes them to him every year. Along her journey she meets Haakun the Hunter. Haakun greets her warmly and tells her to go in peace.[volume & issue needed]

text: As Iduna continues further down the path, Fenris sees her, and transforms himself. Iduna next comes upon "a frail stranger". The stranger offers Iduna protection along her journey, but she declines the offer. The stranger takes a strong interest in Iduna's basket and begins asking her questions. She quickly grows suspicious, saying his hands seem so grasping and brutal, and his voice sounds like that of a beast. She finds his manner sinister-frightening, and says his eyes burn with hatred-with pure savagery. She then discovers that the stranger is actually Fenris the Wolf God in disguise. Fenris shape shifts into his true form and attacks her. Haakun the Hunter arrives and drives Fenris away with his enchanted battle axe, causing the Wolf to shrink in an attempt to escape. The axe pursues Fenris and finally strikes him, spiriting him off to the shadowy land of Varinheim.[volume & issue needed]

text: Just like Norse mythology, Odin had the dwarfs forge the chain Gleipnir ("deceiver" or "entangler"). It appeared to be only a silken ribbon but was made of six wondrous ingredients: the sound of a cat's footfall, the beard of a woman, the roots of a mountain, bear's sinews, fish's breath, and bird's spittle (which explains why these things are not found today). When it came to binding the Fenris Wolf, Tyr lost his hand in the process as the Wolf would only allow the chain to be put on if one of the Gods put their hand in his mouth.[volume & issue needed]

text: It is prophesied that when Ragnarok occurs, Fenris will devour Odin.[volume & issue needed]

text: Hela one time unchained Fenris Wolf to bring about Ragnarok only to be thwarted by Thor.[1]

text: A giant offspring of Fenris Wolf, named Hoarfen, once battled the Hulk and his Pantheon allies. The battle goes poorly for Hoarfen, causing him many injuries.[2]

text: True Ragnarok[edit]

text: Loki later unchained Fenris Wolf to aid him, Ulik, and Hyrm in attacking Asgard using weapons that were forged for them by Surtur. Ulik and Fenris Wolf attacked Thor together only for Thor to attack them using Mjolnir which resulted in the blast removing Sif's arm. Hyrm joined up with Ulik and Fenris Wolf and managed to shatter Mjolnir.[3]

text: Fenris Wolf then attacked Thor, Captain America, and Iron Man when they were in Asgard. When Fenris Wolf was about to attack Thor, Captain America and kicked Fenris Wolf in the stomach to reclaim the shield, then Thor defeated him, causing him to flee.[4]

text: When Kurse was protecting innocent children, Fenris fought Kurse and killed him by sending a hammer into his skull.[volume & issue needed]

text: Fenris Wolf assisted in the attack on Vanaheim and faced Thor again in battle. Thor bound Fenris Wolf in chains and used its body to knock down Durok in order to save Sif. With Durok slain, Fenris Wolf snapped its chains and fought Thor only to be struck down by Beta Ray Bill. Beta Ray Bill used the power of his hammer Stormbreaker upon the Fenris Wolf reducing him to a skeleton as the monster's punishment for attacking a weakened Thor. Those that were fighting with the Fenris Wolf fled.[volume & issue needed]

text: Fenris Wolf returned to life and swallowed Asgard's sun and the moon assisting to bring about Ragnarok as Asgard perishes.[5]

text: Fenris Wolf is the ancestor of the Asgardian Hrimhari.[6]

text: Asgard reforms and re-establishes itself over the state of Oklahoma.[volume & issue needed] Fenris escapes from his prison, a place deep in the dimensional 'hells' and steals a technological device that would slaughter innocents, humans, and Gods alike. The Warriors Three, with the aid a super-powered A.I.M. scientist, defeat him in honorable battle. He is now kept prisoner in an Asgardian courtyard where he may better be supervised.[7]

text: In other media[edit]

text: Film[edit]

text:
The Fenris Wolf appears in Thor: Tales of Asgard, voiced by Brian Drummond.[8] Fenris is seen as a patron at a bar.
The Fenris Wolf appears in the film Thor: Ragnarok.[9][10] This iteration of the character is female.[11] She is the loyal pet of Hela, and is resurrected alongside Hela's army to aid Hela in ruling Asgard. During the film’s climax, Fenris battles the Hulk and gets tossed off the side of Asgard into the void below.

tag: ul

text: Television[edit]

text:
The Fenris Wolf appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes episode "Meet Captain America" with its vocal effects provided by Fred Tatasciore. It is seen amongst the Asgardian creatures that Red Skull and Baron Strucker captured upon finding an entrance to Asgard.
The Fenris Wolf appears in the two-part Ultimate Spider-Man episode "Avenging Spider-Man." It is among the Asgardian creatures that Loki had subjected to Doctor Octopus' Venom project.
The Fenris Wolf appears in the Avengers Assemble episode "A Friend in Need." He is shown incarcerated in the Asgardian prison. The history of Tyr losing his hand to Fenris Wolf was intact as mentioned by Thor to Vision.

text: Video games[edit]

text: An assortment of Fenris Wolves serve as enemies in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance. The "Hand of Tyr" must be placed into a statue of Fenris's mouth to proceed and rescue Tyr.


document_title: Condamine River

question_text: where does the condamine river start and finish

text: Condamine River

text: Course and features[edit]

text: The headwaters of the river rise on the slopes of Mount Superbus, part of the Main Range, before passing through Cambanoora Gorge. The river flows through the towns of Killarney and Warwick, while the tributary Gowrie Creek drains the slopes around Toowoomba. At Surat the Condamine turns to the south-west and becomes known as the Balonne River.[3] The Condamine descends 516 metres (1,693 ft) over its 657-kilometre (408 mi) course,[1] with a catchment area of 13,292 square kilometres (5,132 sq mi).[4] The water basin contains more than 1,800 wetlands.[5]

text: The Balonne River forks near Dirranbandi with a western branch being called the Culgoa River which, in turn, flows into the Darling River. The eastern branch of the Balonne River in turn branches again - into the Bokhara River on the right and the Narran River on the left (eastern) side. These rivers join with the Barwon River west of Brewarrina which also flows into the Darling River. Towns the Balonne passes through include St George, Dirranbandi and Surat. In this area Bungil Creek joins the Balonne River.[2]

text: Water storage[edit]

text: Water from the Condamine River is used for town water supply and for irrigation. Leslie Dam on Sandy Creek, a tributary of the Condamine, is the main water reservoir for Warwick. Talgai Weir is a small weir that can hold 640 megalitres (140×10^6 imp gal; 170×10^6 US gal) near Clifton.[3] Other water storage facilities on the Condamine River include the Yarramalong Weir, Lemon Tree Weir, Loudoun Weir, Tipton Weir and the Cecil Plains Weir. The Condamine River is reduced to a series of drying ponds during droughts in Australia.

text: History[edit]

text: Parts of the water catchment were settled by the Bundjalung people. The Condamine River was named by Allan Cunningham in 1827 for Thomas de la Condamine, a former aide-de-camp to Governor Ralph Darling who became the colony's first Collector of Internal Revenue. Patrick Leslie was the first white settler in the area. He established Canning Downs in 1840, near Warwick.

text: Major Thomas Mitchell crossed the Balonne River on St George's Day, 23 April 1846. The next year 1847 Ludwig Leichhardt went to examine the course of the Condamine River.

text: In 1985, it was proposed by the Water Research Foundation of Australia to transfer water from the Clarence River to the Condamine water basin.[6] The Condamine River and its catchment area were involved in the 2010–2011 Queensland floods. During the floods the river reached a record peak at Condamine of 15.25 metres (50.0 ft) and another peak of 14.67 metres (48.1 ft).[7]

text: Coal gas industry[edit]

text: The Coal Seam Gas industry (often referred to as Coal Bed Methane) started exploring for unconventional gas in the Chinchilla region, through which the Condamine River flows, around 2000 when Bob Bryan formed The Queensland Gas Company (QGC).[8] From humble beginnings supplying gas into the domestic market, the industry grew quickly with the advent of the CSG/LNG industry and building of export facilities in Gladstone.

text: The gas is found in coal seams attached to the coal and is trapped underground by water pressure. To extract gas from coal seams it is necessary to remove the water from the coal seams to allow the adsorbed gas to flow.[9] Broad scale de-watering of the Walloon Coal Measures by the gas companies commenced and the impacts soon became apparent, as stock water bores drilled into the coal started to become gassy.[10][11] The Walloon Coal Measures are hydraulically connected to the aquifers of the Great Artesian Basin (within the Surat Basin) and in some locations immediately underlies the Condamine Alluvium.[12]

text: Methane gas[edit]

text: From 2012 through to early 2016 bubbles of methane gas have been observed escaping from the river.[13] The discharges vary in intensity and are most likely linked to a fault line. The seeps have been monitored by scientists contracted by Origin Energy but, according to the gas industry, the cause remains unknown.[13] In 2012, the Queensland Government undertook an investigation into the gas seeps. The technical study concluded that preliminary investigations indicated that the bubbling was unlikely to be caused by coal seam gas (CSG) activities in the region, but that further studies were required. In relation to the presence of methane in the river, the report concluded that “…there is no safety risk or evidence of environmental harm occurring in the immediate area from the Condamine River gas seeps."[14]

text: Natural gas seeps are not all together uncommon in Queensland, the gasfield commission (a government agency) identified a range of soil gas surveys undertaken during the 1980s and 1990s which measured low levels of non-toxic methane gas ranging from less than 10 parts per million (ppm) to 240ppm naturally occurring in the subsoil at depths of up to one meter.[15]

text: This Condamine River seep was brought to the forefront of media attention by New South Wales Greens MP Jeremy Buckingham, in which he allegedly set alight the methane gas bubbling from the riverbed. He also mentions "hydraulic fracturing" as likely to be contributing to the problem, but to date there is no direct link.[16][17] Origin Energy, the company whom owns a majority of the coal seam gas wells in the Condamine area, refutes the claim, with a spokesperson stating that the nearest drilling projects were located several kilometers away from the river.[18] They conceded, however, that "we are starting to see more bubbles than there used to be", which raises further questions of the gas company.[18] The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) commented that "we have a pretty good idea of what’s going on, but it is hard to be completely definitive as the gas is emanating from underground", and that "the methane gas emanating from the Condamine River in Queensland poses no environmental impact."[19]


document_title: Rough Night

question_text: who does bo burnham play in rough night

question_tokens: who does bo burnham play in rough night

text: Rough Night

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 2006, four friends, Jess (Scarlett Johansson), Alice (Jillian Bell), Frankie (Ilana Glazer) and Blair (Zoë Kravitz), bond during their first year of college. A decade later they reunite as Jess is about to get married to her fiancé Peter, and Alice decides that the four should spend the weekend in Miami partying. By this point, Alice is a teacher, Frankie is an aspiring activist with two strikes on her record, Blair is a real estate agent in the middle of a bitter divorce who still has conflicting feelings over her past relationship with Frankie, and Jess is an aspiring senatorial candidate whose campaign is hampered by the fact that the general public do not find her relatable despite her policies focusing on helping others.

text: Once in Miami, the four are joined by Pippa (Kate McKinnon), Jess's friend from her semester in Australia. The friends get high and party at a club and then Frankie decides to hire a male stripper. When the stripper arrives at the door, he makes Jess uncomfortable with his rough talk. Alice decides to take a turn and jumps on him, causing them to both fall and the stripper to hit his head on the edge of the fireplace, killing him. Before they decide what to do, Jess takes a call from Peter and mentions during her panic that her friends hired a stripper and she is confused, before Alice destroys her phone and Blair confiscates the others to prevent anyone making calls until they can determine their next move. Peter takes this to mean that Jess is leaving him and decides to race down to Miami to convince Jess to take him back.

text: The friends purchase a burner phone and call Blair's uncle, who is a lawyer. After telling him they moved the body- to prevent anyone from outside seeing the body in the glass-walled house- he tells them that, while they may have gotten away with accidental death if they had made the call immediately, they could face up to fifteen years in prison for tampering with the crime scene unless no body is found. The friends decide to dispose of the body by throwing it into the ocean. After doing so, they realize that their neighbors' security camera caught them on tape and send Blair to seduce them to get the footage- the couple having previously expressed an interest in a threesome with Blair- only to have her discover the cameras don't work after she has slept with them. By this point, the body has washed up on the shore and they must come up with a new plan to dispose of it.

text: A police officer knocks on their door and Frankie knocks him out after he gropes her, only for the friends to realize that he was the actual stripper they had ordered, leaving them to wonder who they killed. They use the stripper's car to try to dispose of the body again only to return home defeated after a car accident when the car goes over a speed bump too quickly. Then when Alice finds out Jess invited Frankie and Blair to a bridal shower over her, Jess verbally berates her for her obsessive clinginess and storms off to prepare for the consequences.

text: At this point, two police officers arrive and tell the women they are not in trouble as the man they killed was a violent criminal who had been on the run from the police. As they interrogate the women Pippa realizes that the "police" are actually the accomplices of the man they killed when she spots the TV- currently on and on 'Mute' since earlier that evening- displays all three men as suspects in a jewelry robbery. Realizing that they are caught, the men tie up the women and the now-awakened stripper and threaten to shoot them. Jess meanwhile has missed most of the drama due to being upstairs taking a shower in preparation for her mugshot. Realizing what has happened, she manages to subdue one of the captors using hairspray and handcuffs when he comes up to search for the diamonds, and fights off the other one as he prepares to kill Blair. After Alice successfully shoots the second captor when Jess distracts him by opening her robe during the fight, the first one reappears having freed himself from the toy handcuffs only to be run over when Peter, high on the drugs he took to keep him awake on his roadtrip to Miami, crashes into the front of the house and kills him.

text: Jess reaffirms that she wants to marry Peter and the two marry that weekend at a foam party with their friends in attendance. Frankie and Blair decide to reunite as a couple and Alice hooks up with Scotty, the police officer stripper that she met at Jess's bachelorette party. Pippa confirms that the police have excused them from all charges as their victims were all criminals and the deaths can be excused as self-defence. Jess receives a call from her campaign manager revealing that these events have caused her approval rating to go up significantly with the voters after capturing dangerous criminals.

text: In a mid-credits scene, Pippa sings a song at a function for Jess with lyrics that allude to the evening.

text: In a post-credits scene begins with Jess and her now-husband, Peter, driving Alice home after a night out. Alice enters her apartment and looks for something to eat. She eventually finds the penis-shaped pasta from earlier in the film in her pantry and decides to cook it. When she pours it into the pan, she discovers that there are diamonds mixed in with the pasta (the same diamonds that the "stripper"/thief stashed in their house for safekeeping before they accidentally killed him).

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Scarlett Johansson as Jessica "Jess" Thayer
Kate McKinnon as Pippa
Jillian Bell as Alice
Ilana Glazer as Frankie
Zoë Kravitz as Blair
Paul W. Downs as Peter
Demi Moore as Lea
Ty Burrell as Pietro
Hasan Minhaj as Joe
Colton Haynes as Scotty the stripper
Ryan Cooper as Jay ("Scotty")
Dean Winters as Detective Frazier
Enrique Murciano as Detective Ruiz
Karan Soni as Raviv
Bo Burnham as Tobey
Eric Andre as Jake
Bob the Drag Queen as himself
Peter Grosz as Cliff

text: Production[edit]

text: On June 22, 2015, it was announced that Sony Pictures had won the bidding war for the female-driven comedy script Move That Body, written by Lucia Aniello and Paul W. Downs. Aniello also directed and Downs co-starred.[4] Both also produced the film through their production banner, Paulilu, along with Matt Tolmach and Dave Becky.[4] The script was among the 2015 Black List of unproduced scripts.[5]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On December 15, 2015, Scarlett Johansson joined the film to play the lead role.[6] On April 28, 2016, Zoë Kravitz was cast in the film.[7] On May 2, more cast was announced for the film, then retitled Rock That Body, which included Kate McKinnon, Jillian Bell, and Ilana Glazer.[8] Demi Moore, Ty Burrell, and Colton Haynes joined the cast in August.[9][10][11][12] In September 2016, Enrique Murciano and Hasan Minhaj joined the cast of the film.[13][14]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began in August 2016 in Saddle Rock, New York.[15] On September 26, 2016, filming was taking place in Mount Vernon, New York.[16]

text: Music[edit]

text: Dominic Lewis composed the film's score.[17] Other music featured is performed by Skrillex and Cliff Martinez (who previously collaborated on Spring Breakers), and Outlines.[citation needed]

text: Release[edit]

text: Rough Night was scheduled to be released on June 23, 2017.[18] It was then moved up a week to June 16.[19]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of September 13, 2017[update], Rough Night has grossed $22.1 million in the United States and Canada and $25.2 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $47.3 million, against a production budget of $20 million.[3]

text: In North America, the film was released alongside All Eyez on Me, 47 Meters Down and Cars 3, and was initially projected to gross $10–14 million from 3,162 theaters in its opening weekend.[2] However after making just $3.4 million on its first day (including $700,000 from Thursday night previews ), weekend projections were readjusted to $9 million. It ended up debuting to $8 million, finishing 7th at the box office.[20] In its second weekend the film grossed $4.7 million (a drop of just 40%), finishing 8th at the box office.[21]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 45% based on 134 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Rough Night's gifted stars are certainly good for some laughs, but their talents aren't properly utilized in a scattered comedy that suffers from too many missed opportunities."[22] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score of 51 out of 100, based on 39 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[23] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "C+" on an A+ to F scale.[20]


document_title: Television news in the United States

question_text: who founded cable news network (cnn) in 1980 leading to around-the-clock cable news

question_tokens: who founded cable news network ( cnn ) in 1980 leading to around-the-clock cable news

text: Television news in the United States

text: Origin of television news[edit]

text: Lowell Thomas hosted the first-ever, regularly scheduled news broadcast on television in 1940 which was simply a simulcast of his nightly NBC network radio newscast, with the television broadcast seen only in New York City over pioneer NBC television station WNBT (now WNBC). The television simulcast lasted for only a few months.

text: The first serious attempt at dedicated television news broadcasts in the United States was by CBS. Upon becoming commercial station WCBW (now WCBS-TV) in 1941, the pioneer New York CBS television station broadcast two daily news programs, at 2:30 and 7:30 p.m. weekdays, anchored by Richard Hubbell. Most of the newscasts featured Hubbell reading a script with only occasional cutaways to a map or still photograph.

text: When Pearl Harbor was bombed on Sunday, December 7, 1941, WCBW (which was usually off the air on Sunday to give the engineers a day off), took to the air at 8:45 PM with an extensive special report. The national emergency even broke down the unspoken wall between CBS radio and television. WCBW executives convinced radio announcers and experts such as George Fielding Elliot and Linton Wells to come down to the Grand Central Station studios during the evening and give information and commentary on the attack. The WCBW special report that night lasted less than ninety minutes. But that special broadcast pushed the limits of live television in 1941 and opened up new possibilities for future broadcasts. As CBS wrote in a special report to the FCC, the unscheduled live news broadcast on December 7 “was unquestionably the most stimulating challenge and marked the greatest advance of any single problem faced up to that time.” Additional newscasts were scheduled in the early days of the war.

text: In May 1942, WCBW (like almost all television stations) sharply cut back its live program schedule and the newscasts were canceled, since the station temporarily suspended studio operations, resorting exclusively to the occasional broadcast of films. This was primarily due to the fact that much of the staff had either joined the service or were redeployed to war related technical research, and to prolong the life of the early, unstable cameras which were now impossible to repair due to the wartime lack of parts. In May, 1944, as the war began to turn in favor of the Allies, WCBW reopened the studios and the newscasts returned, briefly anchored by Ned Calmer, and then by Everett Holles.[1]

text: After the war, expanded news programs appeared on the WCBW schedule—renamed WCBS-TV in 1946—first anchored by Milo Boulton, and later by Douglas Edwards. On May 3, 1948, Douglas Edwards began anchoring CBS Television News, a regular 15-minute nightly newscast on the rudimentary CBS Television Network, including WCBS-TV. It aired every weeknight at 7:30 PM, and was the first regularly scheduled, network television news program featuring an anchor (as mentioned, the nightly Lowell Thomas NBC radio network newscast was simulcast on television locally on NBC's WNBT -- now WNBC -- for a time in the early 1940s and the previously mentioned Richard Hubbell, Ned Calmer, Everett Holles and Milo Boulton on WCBW in the early and mid-1940s, but these were local television broadcasts seen only in New York City). The NBC Television Network's offering at the time NBC Television Newsreel (premiered February 1948) was simply film with voice narration.

text: In 1950, the name of the nightly news was changed to Douglas Edwards and the News, and the following year, it became the first news program to be broadcast on both coasts, thanks to a new coaxial cable connection, prompting Edwards to use the greeting "Good evening everyone, coast to coast." The broadcast was renamed the CBS Evening News when Walter Cronkite replaced Edwards in 1962.[2] Edwards remained with CBS News with various daytime television newscasts and radio news broadcasts until his retirement on April 1, 1988.

text: History of network news[edit]

text: There were irregularly scheduled, quasi-network newscasts originating from NBC's WNBT in New York City and reportedly fed to WPTZ (now KYW-TV) in Philadelphia and WRGB in Schenectady, NY prior to the regularly scheduled NBC Television Newsreel, such as Esso sponsored news features a well as The War As It Happens in the final days of World War II, another irregularly scheduled NBC television newsreel program which was also seen in New York, Philadelphia and Schenectady on the relatively few (roughly 5000) television sets which existed at the time. Later in 1948, when sponsored by Camel Cigarettes, NBC Television Newsreel was renamed Camel Newsreel Theatre and then, when John Cameron Swayze was added as an on-camera anchor in 1949, the program was renamed Camel News Caravan.

text: On CBS in 1948, CBS Television News premiered on the network in May with on-camera anchor Douglas Edwards, later retitled Douglas Edwards and the News. CBS Television also featured public affairs programs such as Longines Chronoscope which featured newsworthy public figures, and which ran from June 1951 to April 1955 at 11pm ET.

text: The DuMont Television Network had The Walter Compton News (June 1947 – 1948), I.N.S. Telenews and Camera Headlines (1948–1949), and DuMont Evening News (September 1954-1 April 1955).

text: However, Edward R. Murrow is widely regarded as the most important figure in the early days of U.S. television news. On his weekly news show See It Now on CBS, Murrow presented live reports from journalists on both the east and west coasts of the United States—the first program with live simultaneous transmission from coast to coast. See It Now focused on a number of controversial issues, but its most memorable moment was a 30-minute special on March 9, 1954, entitled "A Report on Senator Joseph McCarthy," which contributed to the eventual political downfall of the senator.

text: Expansion from 15 to 30 minutes[edit]

text: NBC's Camel Newsreel Theatre was later expanded to 15 minutes and renamed Camel News Caravan when John Cameron Swayze was added as an on-camera anchor in 1949. The show was succeeded by the Huntley-Brinkley Report in 1956, featuring a duo-anchor format with Chet Huntley and David Brinkley. On September 9, 1963, the Huntley-Brinkley Report expanded to 30 minutes, following a similar move by CBS. It was renamed NBC Nightly News in 1970, after Huntley's retirement. Initially, NBC Nightly News was presented by two anchors from a rotating group of three: Brinkley, John Chancellor, and Frank McGee. A year later, Chancellor became sole anchor, and Brinkley provided commentaries. (McGee became host of Today.) In 1976, Brinkley rejoined the program as co-anchor. He continued in that role until 1979, when Chancellor resumed anchoring the program solo. Chancellor moved to the role of commentator in 1982 and was succeeded by a team of Tom Brokaw in New York and Roger Mudd in Washington. Brokaw became sole anchor in 1983.

text: CBS launched CBS Television News in May 1948 to compete against the NBC newsreel programs. Hosted by Douglas Edwards, it was renamed Douglas Edwards with the News in 1950. In 1962, Walter Cronkite landed the anchor seat, which he would hold until 1981, and the program's name was changed to CBS Evening News. On September 2, 1963, the show expanded from 15 to 30 minutes. In the 1970s, CBS Evening News was the dominant newscast on American television, and Cronkite was often cited as the "most trusted man in America." After Cronkite's retirement in 1981, Dan Rather became the anchor of CBS Evening News. He was joined by co-anchor Connie Chung from 1993 to 1995.

text: ABC Evening News began airing in 1953, hosted by John Charles Daly. Daly had been a well-known CBS radio correspondent, though today he is best remembered as the emcee of CBS's long-running game show, What's My Line?, which he hosted while serving as ABC's anchorman. Daly left ABC in 1960 and was succeeded by a frequently expanding list of successors that included John Cameron Swayze, Bill Laurence, Bill Sheehan, Ron Cochran, a young Peter Jennings, and Bob Young. In 1968, Frank Reynolds became anchor of the program, and it soon expanded from 15 minutes to 30 minutes. A year later, Howard K. Smith joined as co-anchor, reporting from Washington. In early 1971, Harry Reasoner left CBS News and replaced Reynolds as the New York anchor. Reasoner became the sole anchor in 1975, and Smith provided commentaries. In 1976, Barbara Walters joined the program as Reasoner's co-anchor in New York, thus becoming the first woman to serve as a regular network news anchor. (Marlene Sanders had previously served as an occasional substitute anchor). Other women who would occasionally appear in daytime and weekend anchor roles in earlier days were Pauline Frederick of ABC and NBC and Nancy Dickerson of NBC. From the early 1970s forward, females such as Lesley Stahl of CBS, Carole Simpson of ABC and Jessica Savitch of NBC began to appear in significant on-camera newscasting roles. Reasoner was very unhappy with the addition of Walters, and the two did not work well together. In 1978, a year after Roone Arledge became President of ABC News, the ABC Evening News was succeeded by ABC World News Tonight with a trio of anchors: Frank Reynolds, Peter Jennings and Max Robinson. Jennings assumed solo anchor responsibility in 1983 following Reynolds's death.

text: Jennings, Rather, Brokaw era[edit]

text: Brokaw, Rather, and Jennings became the familiar faces of network news for more than two decades. But changes began in December 2004, when Brian Williams took over from Brokaw as anchor of NBC Nightly News, after Brokaw's well-anticipated retirement, announced in 2002. Rather also retired from the anchor seat of CBS Evening News in March 2005, albeit quite abruptly, after it was discovered that CBS used documents whose authenticity could not be verified in a report on George W. Bush's Air National Guard record. Jennings stepped away from the network anchor seat as well in April 2005, after he announced that he had lung cancer and would undergo chemotherapy. After the announcement, ABC World News Tonight was hosted by Bob Woodruff and Elizabeth Vargas.

text: Jennings died in August 2005 and ABC named Vargas and Woodruff as co-anchors of the broadcast in January 2006. Later that month, Woodruff and cameraman Doug Vogt were injured in a roadside bomb attack while on assignment in Iraq. His injuries were so severe, it became apparent he would not return to the anchor chair, although he eventually recovered enough to return as an occasional correspondent. Vargas continued on the broadcast, until May 2006, when she announced she was stepping down and going on maternity leave.

text: Post Jennings, Rather, Brokaw era[edit]

text: On May 29, 2006, ABC named Charles Gibson as sole anchor of ABC World News Tonight. Two months later, ABC renamed the program World News with Charles Gibson. In February 2007, the program achieved the number one spot in the Nielsen ratings for nightly news broadcasts, overtaking NBC Nightly News. This was ABC's first victory since the week Peter Jennings died in August 2005, and the first time since 1996. NBC Nightly News subsequently reclaimed the lead and currently maintains a steady lead over the other programs. On September 2, 2009, ABC announced that Mr. Gibson would retire from broadcasting at the end of 2009, and then be succeeded by Diane Sawyer.[3]

text: At CBS-TV, Bob Schieffer took over the anchor chair at CBS Evening News on an interim basis. In an effort by CBS to reach a younger audience, Today's Katie Couric was made the new anchorperson. She is the first solo female anchor of a broadcast network's flagship evening newscast. She stepped down in 2011 and was replaced by the current anchor, Scott Pelley.

text: Today's television news[edit]

text: Today, electronic news gathering has enabled reporters to capture video and audio at greater ease and edit the footage faster than when film was used. Journalists have also employed microwave and satellite.

text: Television news programming in the U.S. can be separated into categories: local news, network news, and cable news.

text: Local news[edit]

text: Many local broadcast television stations have in-house news departments that produce their own newscasts. The content of the newscasts are geared towards viewers in specific Designated Market Areas in which the stations operate. In other words, the stories have a strong local focus, and are relevant to local lives. National or international stories may also make the top stories but local perspectives/reactions are featured in these stories.

text: Weather reports also play a very important role in local news as they are found in every local newscast. Compared to national news, local news provides more in-depth, regular and frequent coverage of weather reports relevant to a station's viewing area. Traffic reports are featured especially during weekday morning newscasts. Sports news are also a major regular feature during evening newscasts, especially for local sports teams.

text: A station typically produces around five to seven hours of local news on weekdays and airs fewer hours on weekends. Some stations focus more on news, currently KTLA in the Greater Los Angeles area offers 71 and 1/2 hours per week in newscasts (Most of any US Broadcast Station). (11.5 hours each weekday, 6.5 hours on Saturdays and 7.5 hours on Sunday). Some stations produce newscasts for other stations. For instance, WPVI in Philadelphia produces a 22.00 newscast of Action News aired on WPHL.

text: National network news[edit]

text: ABC, CBS, and NBC all operate news divisions, named ABC News, CBS News, and NBC News respectively. Their schedules are broadly similar, with minor exceptions.

text: Early weekday mornings, at 4:00AM Eastern Time, all three air half-hour programs, ABC's America This Morning, CBS's CBS Morning News, and NBC's Early Today. Early Today is the highest rated of these programs. Most but not all of the networks' stations across the country air these early morning national newscasts.

text: Following local news, ABC's Good Morning America, CBS's CBS This Morning, and NBC's Today air. As of 2013, Good Morning America is the most watched morning news show in the United States,[4] followed by Today and CBS This Morning. Good Morning America also airs on weekends, as does Weekend Today. CBS This Morning only has a Saturday edition. On Sundays, CBS instead airs CBS News Sunday Morning, a long-running arts and culture anthology. The top stories come in the first few segments of the show but as the minutes pass, the stories presented gradually shift to more lifestyle-oriented and light-hearted ones. These national morning newscasts have cut-ins to local weather and newscasts every half-hour. On weekdays, the shows air at 7:00 in each and every time zone but on weekends, they either air live or with a 1-hour tape delay from the original broadcast in all time zones. ABC's and CBS' morning shows are two hours long, while Today has expanded to four hours. NBC affiliates that air Live with Kelly and Ryan, especially in the east coast, tape-delay the hours preempted by this program.

text: On Sunday mornings, the networks air political interview programs. NBC's Meet the Press (which premiered November 6, 1947 and is currently world's longest running television program) leads CBS's Face the Nation and ABC's This Week.

text: News briefs, a two-minute segment with a basic rundown of the largest stories of the day, formerly aired much more frequently on all four networks, including primetime. Currently however, the only network newsbreaks are carried by ABC and CBS in the afternoon leading out of their daytime lineups.

text: In the evenings, ABC World News Tonight with David Muir, CBS Evening News with Scott Pelley, and NBC Nightly News with Lester Holt are the networks' flagship news programs. After years of being largely similar, the programs have evolved to their own niches. World News emphasizes "stories relevant to viewer's lives" delivered in Muir's laid back style; the CBS Evening News focuses prominently on business, political, and international stories delivered in a no-nonsense style; and Nightly News takes a middlebrow, folksy approach with a balance of "hard" and "soft" stories.[5][6] All three shows air seven nights a week, but their titular hosts only appear on weeknights unless there is major breaking news during weekends. On weekdays, the evening newscasts air at 6:30 in most Eastern Time Zone and Los Angeles stations and 5:30 local time in most other time zones.

text: During primetime, all three networks air newsmagazine programs. ABC airs 20/20 Fridays at 10PM and Primetime Wednesdays at 10PM. 20/20 often airs 2 hour editions beginning at 9PM and Primetime is often expanded to multiple airings per week to fill Unlike ABC and NBC, these are not expanded to fill holes in the schedule. NBC's Dateline currently airs Tuesdays and Saturdays at 8PM, but like ABC's programs frequently switches, adds, and drops timeslots to fill primetime. 60 Minutes is the most popular of these programs, and also the most respected journalistically, but they rarely directly compete with one another.

text: On late weeknights, ABC aired Nightline at 11:30 PM for many years. The program is now seen at 12:35. From 2 to 6 AM, CBS offers its Up to the Minute, a program consisting of repeats of features from other CBS News programs, interspersed with new news, weather, and sports updates. Few affiliates air the entire broadcast, but most air a substantial portion of it. ABC airs its eclectic World News Now from 2AM to 3:30AM, and many affiliates repeat a portion of it to fill time until America This Morning. NBC airs a repeat of the fourth hour of Today and talk show encores in these time periods.

text: Unlike ABC, CBS and NBC, Fox does not national news programs or newsmagazines on weekdays. On Sundays it airs Fox News Sunday, produced by its sister Fox News Channel. Fox does provide coverage of breaking news of major events such as presidential debates, primarily hosted by Fox News Channel anchor Shepard Smith.

text: Cable news[edit]

text: The advent of cable television in the United States led to the eventual birth of cable news. On June 1, 1980, Ted Turner launched CNN, the first 24-hour cable news operation. The station gained reputation significantly with its 1991 coverage of the Gulf War.

text: The success of CNN inspired many other 24-hour cable news stations. Today, CNN, as well as Fox News, MSNBC, HLN, Fox Business Network, Bloomberg Television, and CNBC compete for viewers in the national cable news arena. Regional cable news operations, such as New England Cable News, NY1, Northwest Cable News, Pittsburgh Cable News Channel and Texas Cable News, have also gained prominence among regional viewers.

text: The programming styles vary among these cable news channels, but often feature morning shows, along with blocks of rolling news coverage hosted by various personalities throughout the day. During the evening and primetime hours on weekdays, most cable news networks devote their lineups to opinion-based news and interview programs hosted by pundits. Most U.S. cable news networks do not provide live programming during the overnight hours aside from short updates at the top of the hour, electing to air repeats of their evening programming instead. Some networks may source late-night programming from a sister international news service, such as CNN International for CNN.

text: An increasing trend, especially in recent years is that cable networks have become more opinion-driven during the daytime. Fewer stories are covered but are done so with greater depth and opinion. Panellists representing both sides of an issue appear during most newscasts to discuss them, especially on issues of a political nature. Cable news networks also increasingly utilise newspaper reporters, particularly those affiliated with the New York Times and Washington Post to provide more details and offer their insights on top political stories.

text: Current development[edit]

text: Internet[edit]

text: As the Internet becomes more prevalent in American lives, television news operations learn to adapt and embrace new technologies. Today, most television news operations would publish the text of the stories aired during their newscasts on their websites. Some of them, including all the network and national cable news operations, post videos of the stories for visitors to their websites. Most stations now offer a livestream of their local newscasts on their websites or mobile apps. This makes it possible for viewers outside a local station's viewing area to see its newscasts. However some footage, notably sport footage, may be blocked from the livestream for rights reasons. Broadcast networks also offer their evening newscasts on their website and/or as a podcast. Cable networks provide livestreams of their channels as well as reruns of some of their programmes through their websites and mobile apps but access to those channels is restricted to viewers with an existing cable/satellite subscription that includes the channels in question.

text: Some anchors, reporters, and notable news programs also have blogs that take viewers behind the scenes of their news operation or provide a forum for either the personalities or viewers to air their opinions. In recent years, these news outlets have also provided an avenue for amateurs with digital or mobile phone cameras to send video created by them to be used in the broadcast and website.

text: Television journalists are acquiring skills for the convergence between television and the Internet. Social media has also become a fixture on the news as most networks, news programmes and key personalities maintain Facebook and Twitter accounts to let viewers get late breaking news, find out what's going on behind the scenes, as well as give comments and questions.

text: Production and Newsgathering[edit]

text: Technological advancement is also changing the ways news is gathered and edited. The newsreel days are long gone. Reporters do not use film anymore. Television journalists are capturing images and sound on video and DV. Some stations even begin gathering and reporting news in high-definition television. Even editing and archiving systems are evolving, as more and more stations convert to non-linear editing systems, and storing file footage on computer servers rather than tapes.

text: With digital cable comes on-demand news programming. News operations slowly begin to feel the burden to generate news content on a 24-hour news cycle, while keeping material fresh on their regularly scheduled newscasts. This means around-the-clock coverage. Rather than having a certain deadline for scheduled newscasts to meet, reporters have to file stories as fast as they can. Producers, on the other hand, have to find more ways to keep news stories "fresh" to the viewers.

text: Formats[edit]

text: Over the years, television news in the U.S. has evolved into a variety of formats. Local news and network news, once similar in having slow paces and low story counts, are now quite different in styles and tunes.

text: Traditional[edit]

text: In the early days, local newscasts were seen more as a public service. The style was straightforward. A newscast was divided into three "blocks": news, sports, and weather. The news block was divided into national, international, and local stories. These newscasts usually had a solo anchor, with others announcing sports and weather as well. The stories aired were generally not covering controversial or upsetting conflicts because the main purpose was to attract a wide audience in order to sell expensive commercial air time.

text: This format is no longer prevalent.

text: Eyewitness News[edit]

text: In the late 1960s, Westinghouse Broadcasting, a division of Westinghouse Electric Corporation, devised a new format of local news called "Eyewitness News". Reporters were hired to go out of the newsroom, become "eyewitnesses" of news stories, and record them on film. Later, these reporters were also asked to join the anchors in the studio to talk about the stories.

text: Al Primo created the format, which was first used on KYW-TV in Philadelphia. In 1968, Primo brought the format to WABC-TV in New York. The "Eyewitness News" format helped to introduce different anchor combinations to local newscasts. The format quickly became popular and was imitated by stations across the country.

text: Today, most television news operations in the United States utilize some variation of the "Eyewitness News" format.

text: Action News[edit]

text: "Action News" was introduced in 1970 by WPVI-TV in Philadelphia to compete against the "Eyewitness News" format at rival station KYW-TV. This format features short stories, high story counts, and a strong focus on spot news. It was called "Action News" because it produced a fast-paced style of newscast. Mel Kampmann of WPVI and Irv Weinstein of WKBW-TV in Buffalo, both owned by Capital Cities Communications, are credited with developing the key tenets of the "Action News" format.

text: Breaking news[edit]

text: Formerly referred to as "news bulletins," "breaking news" refers to any news of sufficient importance to warrant an interruption of regularly scheduled programming.

text: On a national network, programming interruptions are restricted to extremely urgent news. On the other hand, such breaks are now common on 24-hour news channels which often have an anchor available for live interruption at any time. However in recent times, a 'breaking news' banner has been used more frequently on cable news networks to often refer to a programme's lead story.

text: Franchise news[edit]

text: "Franchise news" is a variation of Eyewitness News. Some stations decide to brand their news with slogans such as "News you can use," "Coverage you can count on," or "On your side." The newscasts at these stations tend to focus more on franchises—stories that cover a topic important to local viewers. The most successful franchises are health and consumer news. Other franchises include parenting, pets, the environment, and crime fighting.

text: Almost every news operation uses some franchises, but a few stations build their news identities around these topical stories.

text: News during sweeps[edit]

text: During "sweeps," newscasts often feature stories that are more sensationalized, in order to attract more viewers. Some stations save highly controversial investigative stories covered earlier for airing during sweeps.

text: News departments at television stations work closely with promotions departments during sweeps to create promotional spots throughout the day that will entice viewers to tune into the newscasts.


document_title: Juliet Burke

question_text: who does juliette end up with on lost

question_tokens: who does juliette end up with on lost

text: Juliet Burke

text: Character's background[edit]

text: Prior to arrival on the island[edit]

text: As a child, Juliet Carlson was devastated and angry to learn that her parents (Michael Trisler and Amy Stewart) were divorcing. Her mother claimed that although she and Juliet's father loved each other, they were not meant to be together. This statement seemed to affect Juliet's later outlook on relationships.

text: Before coming to the island, she was a doctor and medical researcher, living in Miami near her sister Rachel (Robin Weigert). Now going by her married name of Juliet Burke, she was working for her ex-husband, Edmund Burke, (Željko Ivanek) as a fertility scientist at Miami Central University. Edmund bullied an acquiescent Juliet and flaunted his sexual conquests, but despite her docile nature, Juliet was performing unauthorized experiments on her sister. Rachel's reproductive system had been ravaged by chemotherapy, rendering her sterile. Juliet was attempting to restore her fertility.

text: In 2001, Juliet was approached by Mittelos Bioscience and offered a job where she would "lead a team of highly trained people," according to Richard Alpert (Nestor Carbonell). Claiming her ex-husband would never allow her to leave, Juliet jokingly said she would not be able to accept the job offer unless he were hit by a bus, before breaking down into tears and rushing out.

text: When Juliet got home from the interview, her sister revealed to her that she was pregnant. Later that day, Juliet told Edmund the news. During their discussion, Edmund stepped off the sidewalk and into the street, only to be hit by a bus and die of his injuries.

text: Richard showed up at the morgue with Ethan Rom (William Mapother). They expressed their condolences and again asked her to join their company. Juliet accepted, believing that her job would only last six months. Soon after this, Rachel's cancer went into remission.

text: Upon arriving at a private airfield to depart for her new position with Mittelos, Juliet was unsettled at the amount of secrecy involved — especially considering she didn't even know where the company was located. Richard then offered her orange juice he admitted was filled with tranquilizer. Sensing reservation on Juliet's part, Richard revealed that her expertise as a fertility specialist — especially her miraculous treatment of her sister — was the reason for her recruitment, promising she would see things on the island that she would never have believed possible. Persuaded, Juliet drank the juice and quickly fell unconscious.

text: On the island, prior to the crash[edit]

text: Juliet awakens aboard the Others' submarine, strapped down for safety. She is freed by Ethan and then disembarks to the island where she meets Ben Linus (Michael Emerson). A week after she arrives on the island, in mid-September 2001, she begins therapy with the Others' resident psychologist, Dr. Harper Stanhope (Andrea Roth). Their first discussion is cut short by Ben presenting her with a newly furnished house in the Barracks. Juliet is very appreciative, but protests as she is only going to be on the island for six months. Ben brushes off this fact. Later, in the Staff, she meets Goodwin Stanhope (Brett Cullen), who is attempting to find ointment for a chemical burn on his arm. It later becomes apparent Goodwin is Harper's estranged husband.

text: For the next three years, she treats pregnant mothers per Ben's orders, but with uniformly fatal results. At some point she also begins an affair with Goodwin. Harper later finds out about their relationship and confronts Juliet in one of their sessions. However, instead of being angry at Juliet, she offers her a warning that if their relationship is not ended, then there will be consequences, not from her, but from Ben. It is then alluded that Ben might have a crush on Juliet.

text: Later she is discouraged by the lack of results in her work, but is forced to remain on the island "until her work is done." Juliet seeks to return to her sister Rachel, but Ben reveals her cancer had returned — she would be dead before Juliet arrives. However, he promises if Juliet stays, he will cure Rachel's cancer. She accepts this, but becomes suspicious of Ben when she discovers his spinal tumor on an x-ray. She then confronts him, upset over his deception about no one on the island getting cancer. She tearfully asks to go home to her dying sister — who she believed was never going to be cured — but Ben refuses to let her go, creating hostility.

text: The next day, a distraught Juliet prepares to host a book club when she is visited by Amelia (Julie Adams). In deleted extras only on DVD, just as she is about to show Amelia the contents of a hidden envelope, the rest of the book club arrive. While discussing Carrie, Juliet and the rest of the Others witness Oceanic Flight 815 breaking up in the air and crashing on the island.

text: Following the crash[edit]

text: Immediately after the crash, Ben sends Ethan and Goodwin to investigate the crash and infiltrate any survivors. After exchanging a meaningful look with Harper, it becomes apparent to Juliet that Ben sent Goodwin in order to get him out of the way. Ben then takes Juliet with him to see Mikhail Bakunin (Andrew Divoff) at the Flame, who opens a live satellite connection to North America, where her seemingly healthy sister is shown playing with her now two-year-old son, Julien. Juliet breaks down crying and begs Ben to let her return home, but again Ben refuses.

text: Several weeks later, Ben invites Juliet to his house, under the pretense of having a dinner party, however, it turns out to be a date. Juliet asks Ben about Goodwin, and Ben attempts to sow discord between the two by implying Goodwin is interested in a relationship with Ana-Lucia Cortez (Michelle Rodriguez). Ben also gives Juliet his thanks for how she has consoled tail section survivors Zach (Mickey Graue) and Emma (Kiersten Havelock). Several days later, Ben leads Juliet into the woods and they eventually come upon Goodwin's impaled corpse. Juliet is deeply distressed, and accuses Ben of wanting Goodwin to die. Ben does not deny this, and Juliet asks why. Ben becomes upset, telling her that she should know. He goes on to state it is because "You're mine." His attitude then abruptly changes, and he informs Juliet that she should take as much time as she needs with the corpse, and leaves her alone, even more distressed and upset.

text: Later, Juliet and Ben enter the Pearl station, where they watch Jack Shephard (Matthew Fox) from one of the monitors. Juliet mentions she thinks Jack is cute. She soon questions Ben's motives for the planned kidnapping of Jack, to which he reveals his methods of persuasion. They leave shortly after, leaving behind a walkie-talkie, picked up by Paulo (Rodrigo Santoro).

text: When Michael Dawson (Harold Perrineau) is in captivity, Juliet visits him and informs him the Others have granted him a boat to leave the island. She also comments on how Walt Lloyd (Malcolm David Kelley) is "special."[4] Later, Juliet tells Ben how dangerous Walt is becoming when he does something in "Room 23". Ben tells Juliet he's only a child, but Juliet then takes Ben to a pile of dead birds and tells him no child would do that.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: Juliet is assigned to interrogate a captured Jack in the underwater section of the Hydra station. At first, Jack refuses to cooperate, almost flooding the room, but Juliet manages to break through to him. She mostly brings him his food, but when she is called in to operate on Colleen (Paula Malcomson), she soon seeks Jack's help. Colleen dies, and Juliet attends the funeral, where Ben asks her why she showed Jack his x-rays. When she is told to convince Jack to operate on Ben, she plays Jack a video of her holding up cue-cards, telling Jack to "accidentally" kill Ben during surgery. When a desperate Jack holds Ben hostage during surgery and angrily reveals Juliet's plan, she claims Jack is bluffing. Ben wakes up during surgery and bargains with her to help Kate Austen (Evangeline Lilly) and Sawyer (Josh Holloway) escape in exchange for her freedom off the island. She finds them held at gunpoint by Pickett (Michael Bowen), and kills him on the spot. She is then tried for her crime, but via a deal made by Jack, is spared execution by Ben. Instead, she is marked on her lower back and treated by Jack before returning to the barracks.

text: Since returning, and after the capture of Kate and Sayid Jarrah (Naveen Andrews), Ben instructs her to infiltrate the survivors' camp in order to gain information on Kate, as well as other potentially pregnant women. She is then handcuffed to Kate and placed in the jungle, where she pretends to have been gassed and abandoned with her. However, after being chased by the "Monster", Juliet unlocks the handcuffs, and shuts out the "Monster" using the sonar panel fence. The two return to camp, where Juliet frees Sayid. She migrates with the survivors soon after, under the protection of Jack. However, en route to retrieving medication for Claire Littleton (Emilie de Ravin), she narrowly avoids an interrogation from Sayid and Sawyer, and manages to help Claire. Juliet also takes Sun Kwon (Yunjin Kim) to the Staff station upon learning of her pregnancy, and uses the equipment to perform a scan on her fetus; she confirms she conceived on the island, and informs her that she has until her second trimester, in roughly two months. Soon after, Juliet confesses to Jack about her purpose for being in the camp.[5]

text: Later, Kate informs Jack and Juliet of Naomi Dorrit's (Marsha Thomason) arrival, prompting them to leave abruptly. They find Rousseau in the jungle and form a plan. When they return, they discover Sawyer has played Juliet's dictophone to the camp, revealing the notes she made on Sun's pregnancy. She then reveals the Others intend on invading the camp and abducting the pregnant women. Juliet and Jack lead the camp into the jungle to demonstrate their plan to defeat the Others. However, when Karl (Blake Bashoff) arrives to warn them of their immediate arrival, Juliet discloses information on the Looking Glass station, used for blocking outgoing signals, before heading off to the radio tower with the majority of the camp. After witnessing Sayid's plan backfire, Juliet gives Jack a kiss before parting and joins Sawyer in his rescue effort on the beach. After Hurley (Jorge Garcia) runs over one of the surviving Others with the van, Juliet corners Tom (M.C. Gainey) while Sawyer unexpectedly shoots him in cold blood.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: In the season premiere, Juliet along with Sayid, Sawyer, Bernard and Jin Kwon (Daniel Dae Kim), question Desmond Hume (Henry Ian Cusick) about the warning Charlie Pace (Dominic Monaghan) had given before he died. However Hurley interrupts and questions Desmond of Charlie's whereabouts, Desmond tells them all Charlie had died, leaving the castaways devastated. Juliet is later present when Jack confronts John Locke (Terry O'Quinn) for the killing of Naomi and when the survivors split into two groups. Some survivors such as Sawyer, Hurley and Claire go with Locke to the barracks because they believe the people arriving at the Island will not rescue them. However, the majority including Juliet remain with Jack in hopes of getting rescued. Juliet, along with Sayid, disarm Daniel Faraday (Jeremy Davies) and Miles Straume (Ken Leung) who had Jack and Kate at gunpoint. Later, Frank Lapidus (Jeff Fahey) figures out Juliet was not on the plane and asks her where Ben is.

text: When Faraday and Charlotte Lewis (Rebecca Mader) disappear without note from the camp, Juliet and Jack run into the jungle in search for the newcomers. Juliet is confronted by Harper — her former therapist — and ordered to kill Faraday and Charlotte, accused by Ben of heading to The Tempest chemical station, to kill everyone on the island. Juliet and Jack find Kate on their road to The Tempest, but as Jack treats Kate who was tied up and knocked unconscious by Charlotte, Juliet vanishes and pursues the two freighter people on her own. She finds them executing their mission in the station, and takes Faraday at gun point, just until Charlotte attacks her. When it turns out they are securing the station to prevent Ben from killing everyone on the island, she leaves them alone. Upon reuniting outside — and discussing the threat posed by a possessive Ben — Juliet and Jack share a kiss.

text: Once it is revealed Jack was suffering from appendicitis, Juliet operates on him. Following the operation, Juliet reveals to Kate they kissed and it was only for Jack to prove to himself that he didn't have feelings for someone else. Once Kate leaves, Juliet tells Jack she knows he is awake and he has overheard the conversation.

text: Later, when Daniel is evacuating people to the Kahana by Zodiac, Juliet chooses to stay behind until everyone is safe. Later, Sawyer emerges from the ocean and encounters her on the beach, drinking a bottle of rum. He asks her what she is celebrating, and she replies she is not celebrating, and motions to a billow of smoke over the ocean. Sawyer then asks "Is that our boat?", and Juliet replies "It was." Moments later, she disappears along with the rest of the island and its inhabitants when it's moved to its new location.

text: Season 5[edit]

text: Juliet remains with the Flight 815 survivors after the Island is moved, eventually staying with Sawyer and a few others after being separated from them during an attack by The Others. Juliet and Sawyer bond, which leads to Juliet deciding to stay with the other survivors once they join with the Dharma Initiative in the '70s. Over the next three years, she and Sawyer fall in love and develop a relationship, and are living together by the time Jack, Kate, and Hurley return.

text: Once their cover is blown, Juliet and Sawyer attempt to flee Dharma. They are captured, and set to be shipped back to the mainland, but escape when they learn of Jack's plan to destroy the Swan Station before it can be completed.

text: Through flashbacks, it is revealed Juliet's parents divorced when she was a child, telling her and her sister they still loved each other but were not meant to be together. Juliet later repeats this reason to Sawyer, believing he still has feelings for Kate. She decides instead to help Jack, hoping if his plan works, she will never meet Sawyer and thus never lose him.

text: When the magnetic forces beneath the Swan become unstable in "The Incident", Juliet is struck by a loose chain and pulled into the hole which has been drilled. Sawyer and Kate attempt to save her, but Juliet lets go to avoid having Sawyer and Kate die with her. Before she does, she admits she loves Sawyer more than anything. Juliet survives the fall, and - in the very last scene of season 5 - uses the last of her strength to strike the nuclear device Jack threw in earlier until it explodes.[6]

text: Season 6[edit]

text: Right at the moment of the blast of the "Jughead" bomb, Juliet and the survivors are thrown forward in time to 2007. Juliet arrives buried under the rubble of the Hatch. Kate hears her cries for help and Sawyer and the others frantically begin to dig her out. Sawyer manages to reach her and Juliet says they should get a coffee sometime and reveals she has something important to tell him. However, before she can convey her message, she dies from her injuries. Sawyer emerges from the rubble carrying Juliet's body and later he and Miles bury her. Sawyer forces Miles to 'read' her; he says the message is "it worked" but they do not understand what worked. In "The Substitute," Juliet's surname - Burke - was seen on Jacob's wall, crossed out with the number 58 next to it.

text: Afterlife[edit]

text: Juliet appears as a doctor at the hospital where Jack works. She performed an ultrasound on Sun to confirm her child was all right as Sun recovered from a gunshot wound. Upon entering the room, Juliet says they don't speak English so she'll speak as little as possible. Juliet asked if they wanted to know the sex of the child. Sun and Jin remembered their lives and with it, remembered how to speak English and tell Juliet they know it's a girl. Juliet tells them, for the record, their English is fine.

text: Meeting Jack at St Sebastian, she takes David (her and Jack's son in the alternate time line) with her to the concert. While waiting to gain entry, she receives a message, and she must return to the Hospital. Upon arrival, she meets Sawyer, at the hospital vending machines. Juliet explains to James how to get the candy he'd just purchased out of the machine which didn't dispense correctly, by switching it off and back on. After James does this and the candy falls out of the machine, Juliet tells Sawyer "it worked" (her dying words in the original timeline). As Juliet passes the candy retrieved from the machine they brush fingers, and have flashes of their lives together, where they were in love. Remembering each other, they embrace and kiss passionately.

text: Juliet and Sawyer make their way to the church, where they reunite with other former denizens of the Island. After Christian Shephard opens the doors of the church, she moves on to the next reality while holding hands with Sawyer, her island lover.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Maureen Ryan of the Chicago Tribune declared Juliet the "Best female villain of the fall of 2006", saying up until the third season she thought Benjamin Linus (Michael Emerson), was the "most chilling villain" on Lost, but Juliet is even scarier.[7] Entertainment Weekly describes "scheming Juliet" as a "captivating minor character".[8] BuddyTV Senior Writer Jon Lachonis commented Juliet's centric episode "One of Us" was "perhaps the most perfect episode of Lost ever produced, bar none." In this same review, he complimented Elizabeth Mitchell on her portrayal.[9] Juliet has been considered by many critics and experts to be the strongest female character on the show, and is usually placed in the top ten outstanding characters of Lost by various critics and journalists, and is often placed in the top five.[citation needed] The character was listed in Wetpaint's "10 Hottest Female Doctors on TV".[10]

text: Elizabeth Mitchell submitted the episode "One of Us" for consideration on her behalf in the category of "Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series" at the 2007 Emmy Awards,[11] but was not nominated. In 2010, she received an Emmy nomination for her appearance in the series finale, "The End",[12] this time in the guest actress category.


document_title: List of animated television series created for syndication

question_text: what was the first cartoon show on tv

question_tokens: what was the first cartoon show on tv

text: Timeline[edit]

text:
Crusader Rabbit (1949–1959) (the first produced animated television series)
The Adventures of Pow Wow (1949)
The Adventures of Paddy the Pelican (1951)
Colonel Bleep (1956–1960) (the first animated series made and filmed in color)
The Gumby Show (1956–1968)
The Huckleberry Hound Show (1958–1962)
Bozo: The World's Most Famous Clown (1958–1962)
Spunky and Tadpole (1958–1961)
Bucky and Pepito (1958)
The Space Explorers (1959)
Clutch Cargo (1959)
The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show (1959–1973)
The Quick Draw McGraw Show (1959–1962)
New Adventures of the Space Explorers (1959)
Hergé's Adventures of Tintin (1957–1964)
Capt'n Sailorbird (1959)

text:
Mel-O-Toons (1959–1960)
The New Adventures of Pinocchio (1960–1961)
Courageous Cat and Minute Mouse (1960–1962)
Popeye the Sailor (1960–1962)
Mister Magoo (1960–1961)
Q.T. Hush (1960)
The Nutty Squirrels Present (1960–1961)
Out of the Inkwell (1918–1929)
Tales of the Wizard of Oz (1961)
The Dick Tracy Show (1961–1962)
Calvin and the Colonel (1961–1962)
The Underseas Explorers (1961)
The Alvin Show (1961–1962)
The Yogi Bear Show (1960–1990)
Space Angel (1962–1964)
The Hanna-Barbera New Cartoon Series (1962–1963)
The Deputy Dawg Show (1962–1972)
King Features Trilogy (1962–1964)
Beetle Bailey (1962–1964)
Snuffy Smith and Barney Google (1962–1964)
Krazy Kat (1962–1964)
Beany and Cecil (1962-1969)
The Funny Company (1963)
Rod Rocket (1963)
Astro Boy (1963–1975)
8th Man (1963–1964)
The Mighty Hercules (1963–1966)
The Magilla Gorilla Show (1963–1967)
The Peter Potamus Show (1964–1965)
The Pink Panther Show (1969–1980)
Gigantor (1964–1965)
Hoppity Hooper (1964–1967)
The Underdog Show (1964–1973)
The New Three Stooges (1965–1966)
Sinbad Jr. and his Magic Belt (1965–1966)
Kimba the White Lion (1965–1977)
The Amazing 3 (1965–1966)
JOT (1965–1981)
The Mighty Mr. Titan (1965)
Roger Ramjet (1965)
The Astronut Show (1965–1967)
Rocket Robin Hood (1966–1969)
Arthur! and the Square Knights of the Round Table (1966–1968)
A Laurel and Hardy Cartoon (1966–1967)
Dodo, the Kid from Outer Space (1965–1970)
The Marvel Super Heroes (1966)
Batfink (1966–1967)
George of the Jungle (1967–1982)
Johnny Cypher in Dimension Zero (1967)
Max, the 2000-Year-Old Mouse (1967)
Spider-Man (1967–1970) (Season 3 only)
Yogi Bear & Friends (1967–1968)
The Abbott and Costello Cartoon Show (1967–1968)
Winky Dink and You (1969–1973) (color revival series to the CBS live-action/animation TV series of the same name)
Bob in a Bottle (1969–1970)

text:
The Sabrina the Teenage Witch Show (1971–1974)
The Cat in the Hat (1971) (television special)
Wait Till Your Father Gets Home (1972–1974)
Festival of Family Classics (1972–1976)
The Wonderful Stories of Professor Kitzel (1972)
Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1972–1985)
The Lorax (1972) (television special)
Dr. Seuss on the Loose (1973) (television special)
The Hoober-Bloob Highway (1975) (television special)
Force Five (1975–1979)
Gaiking (1976–1977)
Danguard Ace (1977–1978)
Starvengers (1975–1976)
Grandizer (1975–1977)
Spaceketeers (1978–1979)
Fred Flintstone and Friends (1977–1978)
Tales of Magic/Merlin's Cave/World Famous Fairy Tales (1977–1988)
The Groovie Goolies and Friends (1978–1979)
Hanna–Barbera's World of Super Adventure (1978–1984)
Battle of the Planets (1978–1985)
Star Blazers (1979–1984)

text:
Archibald le Magi-chien (1980–1981)
Astro Boy (1980–1981)
The Raccoons television specials (1980–1983)
The Christmas Raccoons (1980)
The Raccoons on Ice (1981)
The Raccoons and the Lost Star (1983)
Spider-Man (1981–1982)
Lupin VIII (1982) (failed series)
He-Man and the Masters of the Universe (1983–1985)
G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1983–1986)
The Charlie Brown and Snoopy Show (1983–1986)
Inspector Gadget (1983–1985)
The Adventures of Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids (1984–1985)
Voltron: Defender of the Universe (1984–1985)
Poochie (1984) (television special)
The Transformers (1984–1988)
Heathcliff (1984–1986)
Challenge of the GoBots (1984–1986)
Jim Henson's Muppet Babies (1984–1991)
ThunderCats (1985–1990)
M.A.S.K. (1985–1989)
The Care Bears (1985–1988)
Jayce and the Wheeled Warriors (1985–1986)
She-Ra: Princess of Power (1985–1987)
Little Muppet Monsters (1985)
Sectaurs (1985)
Robotech (1985)
Macron 1 (1985–1986)
Star Fairies (1985) (television special)
Captain Harlock and the Queen of a Thousand Years (1985–1986)
The Jetsons (1985–1987)
The Funtastic World of Hanna-Barbera (1985–1994)
Yogi's Treasure Hunt (1985–1987)
Paw Paws (1985)
Galtar and the Golden Lance (1985)
The Flintstone Kids (1986)
The New Adventures of Jonny Quest (1986)
Snorks (1984–1989)
Sky Commanders (1987)
Fantastic Max (1988)
The Further Adventures of SuperTed (1989)
Paddington Bear (1989–1990)
Wake, Rattle and Roll (1990)
Midnight Patrol: Adventures in the Dream Zone (1990)
The Adventures of Don Coyote and Sancho Panda (1990)
Young Robin Hood (1991)
The Pirates of Dark Water (1991–1993)
SWAT Kats: The Radical Squadron (1993)
2 Stupid Dogs (1993)
Super Sunday (1985–1986)
Jem (1985–1988)
Bigfoot and the Muscle Machines (1985–1986)
Robotix (1985–1986)
Inhumanoids (1986)

text:
My Little Pony 'n Friends (1986–1987)
My Little Pony (1984–1987)
The Glo Friends (1986–1987)
Potato Head Kids (1986–1987)
MoonDreamers (1986–1987)
Kideo TV (1986–1987)
Ulysses 31 (1981–1982)
Rainbow Brite (1984–1987)
Popples (1986–1987)
Lady Lovely Locks and the Pixietails (1987)
The Centurions (1986)
Chuck Norris' Karate Kommandos (1986)
Ghostbusters (1986)
Rambo: The Force of Freedom (1986)
SilverHawks (1986)
Maple Town (1986–1987)
Defenders of the Earth (1986–1987)
Dennis the Menace (1986–1988)
The Adventures of the Galaxy Rangers (1986–1989)
Beverly Hills Teens (1987)
Fraggle Rock: The Animated Series (1987)
Spiral Zone (1987)
Starcom: The U.S. Space Force (1987)
Visionaries: Knights of the Magical Light (1987)
Bionic Six (1987–1988)
The Comic Strip (1987–1988)
The Mini-Monsters (1987–1988)
Street Frogs (1987–1988)
Karate Cat (1987–1988)
TigerSharks (1987–1988)
Dinosaucers (1987–1988)
Saber Rider and the Star Sheriffs (1987–1988)
Sylvanian Families (1987–1988)
The Real Ghostbusters (1987–1991)
Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles (1987–1996, moved to CBS in 1990)
The Disney Afternoon (1987–1999)
Adventures of the Gummi Bears (1985–1991)
DuckTales (1987–1991)
Chip 'n Dale Rescue Rangers (1989–1990)
TaleSpin (1990–1991)
Darkwing Duck (1991–1992)
Goof Troop (1992–1993)
Raw Toonage (1992)
Bonkers (1993–1994)
Marsupilami (1993)
Aladdin (1994–1995)
Gargoyles (1994–1997)
The Shnookums and Meat Funny Cartoon Show (1995–1996)
The Lion King's Timon & Pumbaa (1995–1999)
Quack Pack (1996)
Mighty Ducks (1996–1997)
101 Dalmatians (1997–1998)
Maxie's World (1987)
The Adventures of Teddy Ruxpin (1987)
Hanna-Barbera Superstars 10 (1987–1988) (film series)
Yogi's Great Escape (1987)
The Jetsons Meet the Flintstones (1987)
Scooby-Doo Meets the Boo Brothers (1987)
Yogi Bear and the Magical Flight of the Spruce Goose (1987)
Top Cat and the Beverly Hills Cats (1988)
Scooby-Doo and the Ghoul School (1988)
Rockin' with Judy Jetson (1988)
Yogi and the Invasion of the Space Bears (1988)
The Good, the Bad, and Huckleberry Hound (1988)
Scooby-Doo! and the Reluctant Werewolf (1988)
Denver, the Last Dinosaur (1988)
C.O.P.S. (1988–1989)
Gumby Adventures (1988–1989)
Police Academy (1988–1989)
Sharky & George (1988–1992)
The New Adventures of Beany and Cecil (1988)
Garfield and Friends (1988–1994)
Marvel Action Universe (1988–1990)
Dino-Riders (1988)
RoboCop: The Animated Series (1988)
X-Men: Pryde of the X-Men (1989) (failed pilot)
Little Golden Book Land (1989) (television special)
Ring Raiders (1989)
Vytor: The Starfire Champion (1989)
G.I. Joe: A Real American Hero (1989) (sequel to the former 1985–1986 G.I. Joe series)
The Super Mario Bros. Super Show! (1989–1990)
The Legend of Zelda (aired as part of The Super Mario Bros. Super Show!) (1989–1990)
Noozles (1989–1999)

text:
Maya the Bee (1990–1992)
Tiny Toon Adventures (1990–1992)
The Power Team (aired as part of Video Power) (1990–1992)
Barnyard Commandos (1990)
Widget, The World Watcher (1990–1991)
The New Adventures of He-Man (1990)
Cartoon All-Stars to the Rescue (1990) (television special)
Mr. Bogus (1991–1993)
James Bond Jr. (1991)
Bucky O'Hare and the Toad Wars (1991)
Adventures of the Little Mermaid (1991)
Battletoads (1992) (failed pilot)
My Little Pony Tales (1992)
The Adventures of T-Rex (1992–1993)
Conan the Adventurer (1992–1994)
Funky Fables (1992)
Bohbot Kids Network (1992–2002)
Around the World in Eighty Dreams (1992–1993)
Gulliver's Travels (1992–1993)
King Arthur and the Knights of Justice (1992–1993)
Mighty Max (1993–1994)
Double Dragon (1993–1994)
Hurricanes (1993–1994)
Street Sharks (1994–1997)
Mega Man (1994–1995)
Highlander: The Animated Series (1994–1996)
Gadget Boy and Heather (1995–1996)
Ultraforce (1995–1996)
Princess Gwenevere and the Jewel Riders (1995–1996)
Skysurfer Strike Force (1995–1996)
Extreme Dinosaurs (1997)
Extreme Ghostbusters (1997)
Sonic Underground (1999–2000)
Monster Rancher (1999–2000)
Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles (1999–2000)
Roswell Conspiracies: Aliens, Myths and Legends (1999–2000)
Kong: The Animated Series (2000–2001)
Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog (1993)
Stone Protectors (1993)
Twinkle, the Dream Being (1993)
Biker Mice from Mars (1993–1996)
The Bots Master (1993–1994)
Exosquad (1993–1994)
The New Adventures of Speed Racer (1993–1994)
Animaniacs (1993–1998)
The Pink Panther (1993–1995)
BattleTech: The Animated Series (1994)
Sgt. Savage and his Screaming Eagles (1994)
Creepy Crawlers (1994–1996)
The Marvel Action Hour (1994–1996)
Iron Man (1994–1996)
Fantastic Four (1994–1996)
Mutant League (1994–1996)
Phantom 2040 (1994–1996)
Oscar's Orchestra (1994–1996)
Happy Ness: Secret of the Loch (1995)
Monster Mania (1995)
Sailor Moon (1995)
Action Man (1995–1996)
The Baby Huey Show (1995–1996)
The Adventures of Blinky Bill (1995–1996)
Darkstalkers (1995–1996)
Pinky and the Brain (1995–1998)
Enchanted Tales (1995–1998)
Littlest Pet Shop (1995–1996)
Tenko and the Guardians of the Magic (1995–1996)
The Legend of Sarmoti: Siegfried & Roy (1996)
Richie Rich (1996)
Saban's Adventures of Oliver Twist (1996)
Samurai Pizza Cats (1996)
Vor-Tech: Undercover Conversion Squad (1996)
Bruno the Kid (1996–1997)
Captain Simian & the Space Monkeys (1996–1997)
Dino Babies (1996–1997)
Dragon Flyz (1996–1997)
Flash Gordon (1996–1997)
G.I. Joe Extreme (1996–1997)
The Mask: Animated Series (1996–1997)
Sky Dancers (1996–1997)
All Dogs Go to Heaven: The Series (1996–1998)
Dragon Ball Z (1996–1998) (Seasons 1 and 2 only) (Saban Entertainment series only)
Inspector Gadget's Field Trip (1996–1998)
The Why Why Family (1996–1998)
Pocket Dragon Adventures (1996–1999)
ReBoot (1996–1999) (Season 3 only)
Transformers: Beast Wars (1996–1999)
The Mr. Men Show (1997–1998)
Mummies Alive! (1997–1998)
The New Adventures of Zorro (1997–1998)
Van Pires (1997–1998)
The Wacky World of Tex Avery (1997–1998)
The Lionhearts (1998)
Hercules (1998–1999)
Monkey Magic (1998–1999)
Pokémon (1998–1999) (Season 1)
RoboCop: Alpha Commando (1998–1999)
Voltron: The Third Dimension (1998–2000)
Archie's Weird Mysteries (1999–2000)
Wheel Squad (2000)
Tama and Friends (2001–2002)
Poochini's Yard (2002–2003)
Strawberry Shortcake (2003–2008)
Bratz (2005–2008)
VeggieTales (2006–present)
3-2-1 Penguins! (2006–2008)
Shaun the Sheep (2007–present)
The Super Hero Squad Show (2009–2012)
The Garfield Show (2009–2016)

text:
Pink Panther and Pals (2010)
My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic (2010–present)
Monster High (2010–present)
G.I. Joe: Renegades (2010–2013)
Pound Puppies (2010–present)
Strawberry Shortcake's Berry Bitty Adventures (2010–2016)
Transformers: Prime (2010–2014)
Barbie: Life in the Dreamhouse (2012–2016)
Littlest Pet Shop (2012–present)
Care Bears: Welcome to Care-a-Lot (2012)
Transformers: Rescue Bots (2012–2016)
Kaijudo (2012–2014)
Ever After High (2013–present)
Lalaloopsy (2013–2017)
Angry Birds Toons (2013–present)
LoliRock (2014–present)
Shopkins (2014–present)
Sonic Boom (2014–present)
Project Mc2 (2015–present)
The Adventures of Puss in Boots (2015–present)
DC Super Hero Girls (2015–present)
Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir (2015–present)
Popples (2015–present)
Care Bears & Cousins (2015–present)
Lego Bionicle: The Journey to One (2016–present)
Lego Friends: The Power of Friendship (2016–present)
SpacePOP (2016–present)
Kong: King of the Apes (2016–present)
Voltron: Legendary Defender (2016–present)
Kulipari: An Army of Frogs (2016–present)
Skylanders Academy (2016–present)
World of Winx (2016–present)
Luna Petunia (2016–present)
Trollhunters (2016–present)
Justice League Action (2016–present)
Hanazuki: Full of Treasures (2017–present)
Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs: The Series (2017–present)
We're Lalaloopsy (2017–present)
Legend Quest (2017–present)
Barbie: Dreamtopia (2017-present)
Hotel Transylvania: The Series (2017–present)
Enchantimals (2017–present)
True and the Rainbow Kingdom (2017–present)
DuckTales (2017–present)
Lego Elves: Secrets of Elvendale (2017–present)
The Magic School Bus Rides Again (2017–present)
Super Monsters (2017–present)
Stretch Armstrong and the Flex Fighters (2017–present)
Equestria Girls (2017–present)
Chomp Squad (2018–present)
Mega Man (2018–present)
Barbie: Dream House Adventures (2018-present)