document_title: Africa Cup of Nations

question_text: when was the last time ghana won african cup of nations

text: Africa Cup of Nations

text: History[edit]

text: 1950s–60s: Origin and early years[edit]

text:
The origin of the African Nations Cup dates from June 1956, when the creation of the Confederation of African Football was proposed during the third FIFA congress in Lisbon. There were immediate plans for a continental tournament to be held and, in February 1957, the first African Cup of Nations was held in Khartoum, Sudan. There was no qualification for this tournament, the field being made up of the four founding nations of CAF (Egypt, Sudan, Ethiopia, and South Africa). South Africa's insistence on selecting only white players for their squad due to its apartheid policy led to its disqualification, and as a consequence Ethiopia were handed a bye straight to the final.[4]
Hence, only two matches were played, with Egypt being crowned as the first continental champion after defeating hosts Sudan in the semi-final and Ethiopia in the final. Two years later Egypt hosted the second ANC in Cairo with the participation of the same three teams. Host and defending champions Egypt again won, after defeating Sudan.

text: The field grew to include nine teams for the third ANC in 1962 in Addis Ababa, and for the first time there was a qualification round to determine which four teams would play for the title. Host Ethiopia and reigning champion Egypt received automatic berths, and were joined in the final four by Nigeria and Tunisia. Egypt made its third consecutive final appearance, but it was Ethiopia that emerged as victors, after first beating Tunisia and then downing Egypt in extra time.

text: 1960s: Ghanaian domination[edit]

text: In 1963, Ghana made its first appearance as it hosted the event, and won the title after beating Sudan in the final. They repeated that as they became champions two years later in Tunisia—equalling Egypt as two-time winners—with a squad that included only two returning members from the 1963 team.[5]

text: In 1965, the CAF introduced a rule that limit the number of overseas players in each team to two. The rule persisted to 1982.[6]

text: The 1968 competition's final tournament format expanded to include eight of the 22 teams entered in the preliminary rounds. The qualifying teams were distributed in two groups of four to play single round-robin tournaments, with the top two teams of each group advancing to semi-finals, a system that remained in use for the finals until 1992. The Democratic Republic of Congo won its first title, beating Ghana in the final. Starting with the 1968 tournament, the competition has been regularly held every two years in even numbered years. Côte d'Ivoire forward Laurent Pokou led the 1968 and 1970 tournaments in scoring, with six and eight goals respectively, and his total of 14 goals remained the all-time record until 2008. Play was covered for television for the first time during the 1970 tournament in Sudan,[5] as the hosts lifted the trophy after defeating Ghana—who were playing their fourth consecutive final.

text: 1970s: A decade of champions[edit]

text: Six different nations won titles from 1970 to 1980: Sudan, Congo-Brazzaville, Zaire, Morocco, Ghana, and Nigeria. Zaire's second title in the 1974 edition (they won their first as the Democratic Republic of Congo) came after facing Zambia in the final. For the only time to date in the history of the competition, the match had to be replayed as the first contest between the two sides ended in a 2–2 draw after extra time. The final was re-staged two days later with Zaire winning 2–0. Forward Mulamba Ndaye scored all four of Zaire's goals in these two matches: he was also the top scorer of the tournament with nine goals, setting a single-tournament record that remains unmatched. Three months earlier, Zaire had become the first Sub-Saharan African nation to qualify to the FIFA World Cup. Morocco won their first title in the 1976 ANC held in Ethiopia and Ghana took its third championship in 1978, becoming the first nation to win three titles.

text: 1980s: Cameroonian domination[edit]

text:
In 1980, Nigeria hosted the event and beat Algeria to capture its first championship.
Ghana's fourth continental title came in the 1982 cup tournament; they beat Algeria in the semi-finals in extra time, and faced host Libya in the final. The match ended in a 1–1 draw after 120 minutes and Ghana won the penalty shootout to become champions. Cameroon won their first title two years later by beating Nigeria, and in the 1986 cup, they faced Egypt—absent from the final since 1962—with Egypt winning the title on penalty kicks. Cameroon reached its third consecutive final in the 1988 tournament and won their second championship by repeating their 1984 victory over Nigeria.

text: 1990s: The return of South Africa[edit]

text: In 1990, Nigeria lost once again as they made their third final appearance in four tournaments, this time falling to host Algeria. The 1992 Cup of Nations expanded the number of final tournament participants to 12; the teams were divided into four groups of three, with the top two teams of each group advancing to quarter-finals. Ghanaian midfielder Abedi "Pelé" Ayew, who scored three goals, was named the best player of the tournament after his contributions helped Ghana reach the final; he was, however, suspended for that match and Ghana lost to Côte d'Ivoire in a penalty shootout that saw each side make 11 attempts to determine the winner. Côte d'Ivoire set a record for the competition by holding each of their opponents scoreless in the six matches of the final tournament.

text: The 12-team, three-group format was used again two years later, where hosts Tunisia were humiliated by their first round elimination. Nigeria, who had just qualified to the World Cup for the first time in their history, won the tournament, beating Zambia, who a year before had been struck by disaster when most of their national squad died in a plane crash while traveling to play a 1994 World Cup qualification match. Nigerian forward Rashidi Yekini, who had led the 1992 tournament with four goals, repeated as the top scorer with five goals.

text: South Africa hosted the 20th ACN competition in 1996, marking their first ever appearance after a decades long ban was lifted with the end of apartheid in the country and a failed attempt to qualify in 1994. The number of final round participants in 1996 was expanded to the current 16, split into four groups. However, the actual number of teams playing in the final was only 15 as Nigeria withdrew from the tournament at the final moment for political reasons.[7] Bafana Bafana won their first title on home soil, defeating Tunisia in the final.[8]

text: The South Africans would reach the final again two years later in Burkina Faso, but were unable to defend their title, losing to Egypt who claimed their fourth cup.

text: 2000s: Egypt's unprecedented treble[edit]

text: The 2000 edition was hosted jointly by Ghana and Nigeria, who replaced the originally designated host Zimbabwe. Following a 2–2 draw after extra time in the final, Cameroon defeated Nigeria on penalty kicks. In 2002, Cameroon's Indomitable Lions made the second consecutive titles since Ghana had done it in the 1960s and after Egypt had done it before in 1957 and 1959. Again via penalty kicks, the Cameroonians beat first-time finalists Senegal, who also debuted in the World Cup later that year. Both finalists were eliminated in quarter finals two years later in Tunisia, where the hosts won their first title, beating Morocco 2–1 in the final. The 2006 tournament was also won by the hosts, Egypt, who reached a continental-record fifth title. Ahead of the 2008 Africa Cup of Nations several European clubs called for a rethink of the tournament's schedule. As it takes place during the European season, players who are involved miss several matches for their clubs.[9]

text: In January 2008, FIFA president Sepp Blatter announced that he wanted the tournament to be held in either June or July by 2016, to fit in the international calendar, although this would preclude many countries in central and west Africa from hosting the competition (as these months occur during their wet season).[10] The 2008 tournament was hosted by Ghana, and saw Egypt retain the trophy, winning their record-extending sixth tournament by defeating Cameroon 1–0 in the final.[11]

text: Egypt set a new record in the 2010 tournament that was hosted by Angola by winning their third consecutive title in an unprecedented achievement on the African level after defeating Ghana 1–0 in the final, retaining the gold-plated cup indefinitely and extending their record to 7 continental titles (including when Egypt was known as UAR between 1958 and 1961).[12] Egypt became the first African nation to win three consecutive cups and joined Mexico, Argentina, and Iran who also won their continent cup 3 times in a row.

text: On 31 January 2010, Egypt set a new African record, not being defeated for 19 consecutive Cup of Nations matches, since a 2–1 loss against Algeria in Tunisia in 2004,[citation needed] and a record 9 consecutive win streak.[citation needed]

text: In May 2010, it was announced that the tournament would be moved to odd-numbered years from 2013 in order to prevent the tournament from taking place in the same year as the World Cup. It also meant there were two tournaments within twelve months in January 2012[13]  (co-hosted by Gabon and Equatorial Guinea) and January 2013 (hosted by South Africa).[3] The change of FIFA Confederations Cup from a biennial to a quadrennial tournament, and the switching of the African Cup of Nations from even to odd-number years, meant that some previous African Cup of Nations champions such as Egypt, Zambia, and Ivory Coast (winners of the 2010, 2012, and 2015 tournaments respectively) were deprived from participating in the Confederations Cup tournament.

text: On 29 January 2011, Morocco won the bid to host the 2015 edition and Libya won the right to host the 2013 tournament. But due to the 2011 Libyan civil war, Libya and South Africa traded years with South Africa hosting in 2013 and Libya hosting in 2017,[14] (though CAF ultimately decided to hold the 2017 tournament in Gabon due to ongoing fighting in Libya[15])

text: In 2012, Zambia won the final after a penalty shootout against Côte d'Ivoire. This drew increased media attention since the match took place in Gabon, only a few hundred meters from the crash site of the 1993 air disaster of their national team. The 2013 tournament was won by Nigeria, beating first time finalists Burkina Faso.

text: In 2014-15, the West African Ebola virus epidemic disrupted the tournament.[16] The Antoinette Tubman Stadium in Monrovia, Liberia was converted into an Ebola treatment unit.[17] On 24 July Liberia suspended all football activities.[18] The 2015 Africa Cup of Nations was scheduled to be held in Morocco, but they refused to hold the tournament on the allotted dates due to concerns of the Ebola outbreak. The 2015 tournament was then moved to Equatorial Guinea.[19]

text: Reforms[edit]

text: Under Ahmad Ahmad's presidency, there were discussions regarding further changes to the African Cup of Nations. In July 2017, two changes were proposed:[20][21]

text:
Switch the competition from January to Summer
expansion from 16 to 24 teams (effective from the 2019 Africa Cup of Nations)

text: On 20 July 2017, the CAF Executive Commission approved the propositions at a meeting in Rabat, Morocco.[2]

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: In July 2016, Total secured the rights to an eight-year sponsorship package to support 10 of CAF's principal competitions. This began with the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations in Gabon which was renamed the "Total Africa Cup of Nations".[22]

text: Trophy[edit]

text: Throughout the history of the African Cup of Nations, three different trophies have been awarded to the winners of the competition. The original trophy, made of silver, was the Abdelaziz Abdallah Salem Trophy, named after the first CAF president, Egyptian Abdelaziz Abdallah Salem. As the first winner of three African Cup of Nations tournaments, Ghana obtained the right to permanently hold the trophy in 1978.[23]

text: The second trophy was awarded from 1980 to 2000, and was named "Trophy of African Unity"[24] or "African Unity Cup".[23] It was given to CAF by the Supreme Council for Sports in Africa prior to the 1980 tournament and it was a cylindrical piece with the Olympic rings over a map of the continent engraved on it. It sat on a squared base and had stylized triangular handles. Cameroon won the Unity Cup indefinitely after they became three-time champions in 2000.

text: In 2001, the third trophy was revealed, a gold-plated cup designed and made in Italy.[23] Cameroon, permanent holders of the previous trophy, were the first nation to be awarded the new trophy after they won the 2002 edition. Egypt won the gold-plated cup indefinitely after they became three-time champions in 2010, in an unprecedented achievement by winning three consecutive continental titles. Unlike previous winners who would have then taken the trophy home, Egypt were presented with a special full size replica that they were allowed to keep. First and second time winners usually get a smaller sized replica for their trophy cabinets.

text: Results[edit]

text:
No.

Year

Host(s)

Teams

Final

Third Place Play-off

Champion

Score

Second Place

Third Place

Score

Fourth Place

1

1957Details

 Sudan

4/3 [1]

Egypt

4–0

Ethiopia

Sudan

N/A [2]

2

1959Details

 United Arab Republic

3

United Arab Republic

N/A [3]

Sudan

Ethiopia

N/A [2]

3

1962Details

 Ethiopia

4

Ethiopia

4–2 (a.e.t.)

United Arab Republic

Tunisia

3–0

Uganda

4

1963Details

 Ghana

6

Ghana

3–0

Sudan

United Arab Republic

3–0

Ethiopia

5

1965Details

 Tunisia

6

Ghana

3–2 (a.e.t.)

Tunisia

Ivory Coast

1–0

Senegal

6

1968Details

 Ethiopia

8

Congo-Kinshasa

1–0

Ghana

Ivory Coast

1–0

Ethiopia

7

1970Details

 Sudan

8

Sudan

1–0

Ghana

United Arab Republic

3–1

Ivory Coast

8

1972Details

 Cameroon

8

Congo

3–2

Mali

Cameroon

5–2

Zaire

9

1974Details

 Egypt

8

Zaire

2–2 (a.e.t.)

Zambia

Egypt

4–0

Congo

Match replay: 2–0

10

1976Details

 Ethiopia

8

Morocco

N/A [4]

Guinea

Nigeria

N/A [4]

Egypt

11

1978Details

 Ghana

8

Ghana

2–0

Uganda

Nigeria

2–0 [5]

Tunisia

12

1980Details

 Nigeria

8

Nigeria

3–0

Algeria

Morocco

2–0

Egypt

13

1982Details

 Libya

8

Ghana

1–1 (a.e.t.)

Libya

Zambia

2–0

Algeria

Penalty Shoot-out: 7–6

14

1984Details

 Ivory Coast

8

Cameroon

3–1

Nigeria

Algeria

3–1

Egypt

15

1986Details

 Egypt

8

Egypt

0–0 (a.e.t.)

Cameroon

Ivory Coast

3–2

Morocco

Penalty Shoot-out: 5–4

16

1988Details

 Morocco

8

Cameroon

1–0

Nigeria

Algeria

1–1 (a.e.t.)

Morocco

Penalty Shoot-out: 4–3

17

1990Details

 Algeria

8

Algeria

1–0

Nigeria

Zambia

1–0

Senegal

18

1992Details

 Senegal

12

Ivory Coast

0–0 (a.e.t.)

Ghana

Nigeria

2–1

Cameroon

Penalty Shoot-out: 11–10

19

1994Details

 Tunisia

12

Nigeria

2–1

Zambia

Ivory Coast

3–1

Mali

20

1996Details

 South Africa

16/15 [6]

South Africa

2–0

Tunisia

Zambia

1–0

Ghana

21

1998Details

 Burkina Faso

16

Egypt

2–0

South Africa

DR Congo

4–4 (a.e.t.)

Burkina Faso

Penalty Shoot-out: 4–1

22

2000Details

 Ghana & Nigeria

16

Cameroon

2–2 (a.e.t.)

Nigeria

South Africa

2–2 (a.e.t.)

Tunisia

Penalty Shoot-out: 4–3

Penalty Shoot-out: 4–3

23

2002Details

 Mali

16

Cameroon

0–0 (a.e.t.)

Senegal

Nigeria

1–0

Mali

Penalty Shoot-out: 3–2

24

2004Details

 Tunisia

16

Tunisia

2–1

Morocco

Nigeria

2–1

Mali

25

2006Details

 Egypt

16

Egypt

0–0 (a.e.t.)

Ivory Coast

Nigeria

1–0

Senegal

Penalty Shoot-out: 4–2

26

2008Details

 Ghana

16

Egypt

1–0

Cameroon

Ghana

4–2

Ivory Coast

27

2010Details

 Angola

16/15 [7]

Egypt

1–0

Ghana

Nigeria

1–0

Algeria

28

2012Details

 Gabon & Equatorial Guinea

16

Zambia

0–0 (a.e.t.)

Ivory Coast

Mali

2–0

Ghana

Penalty Shoot-out: 8–7

29

2013Details

 South Africa

16

Nigeria

1–0

Burkina Faso

Mali

3–1

Ghana

30

2015Details

 Equatorial Guinea

16

Ivory Coast

0–0 (a.e.t.)

Ghana

DR Congo

0–0 (a.e.t.)

Equatorial Guinea

Penalty Shoot-out: 9–8

Penalty Shoot-out: 4–2

31

2017Details

 Gabon

16

Cameroon

2–1

Egypt

Burkina Faso

1–0

Ghana

32

2019Details

 Cameroon

24

To be played

To be played

33

2021Details

 Ivory Coast

TBD

To be played

To be played

34

2023Details

 Guinea

TBD

To be played

To be played

text:
^ South Africa were disqualified from the tournament due to the country's apartheid policies.
^  Only three teams participated.
^  There was no final match; the three teams played each other once, with the winner on points receiving the Cup. It finished: UAR 4pts, Sudan 2, Ethiopia 0.
^  There was no final match; the tournament was decided in a final group contested by the last four teams. It finished: Morocco 5pts, Guinea 4, Nigeria 3, Egypt 0.
^  The third-place match was tied 1–1 when the Tunisian team withdrew from the field in the 42nd minute in protest at the officiating. Nigeria were awarded a 2–0 walkover.[25]
^   Nigeria withdrew prior to the start of the finals. Guinea, as the best side to not qualify, was offered Nigeria's spot in the finals, but declined due to a lack of preparation time.
^  The Togolese team withdrew from the competition after their bus was attacked by gunmen in Cabinda, Angola. Following their departure from Angola, Togo were formally disqualified from the tournament after failing to fulfil their opening Group B game against Ghana on 11 January. On 30 January 2010, CAF banned Togo from participating in the next two Africa Cup of Nations tournaments and fined the team $50,000 due to "government involvement in the withdrawal from the tournament". Togo were unable to compete until the 2015 tournament, but that ban was lifted on 14 May 2010 by a ruling from the Court of Arbitration for Sport.

tag: ol

text:
Key:
a.e.t. – after extra time

text: Summary[edit]

text:
Team

Winners

Runners-up

Third place

Fourth place

Total (top four)

 Egypt

7 (1957, 1959*1, 1986*, 1998, 2006*, 2008, 2010)

2 (19621, 2017)

3 (19631, 19701, 1974*)

3 (1976, 1980, 1984)

15

 Cameroon

5 (1984, 1988, 2000, 2002, 2017)

2 (1986, 2008)

1 (1972*)

1 (1992)

9

 Ghana

4 (1963*, 1965, 1978*, 1982)

5 (1968, 1970, 1992, 2010, 2015)

1 (2008*)

4 (1996, 2012, 2013, 2017)

14

 Nigeria

3 (1980*, 1994, 2013)

4 (1984, 1988, 1990, 2000*)

7 (1976, 1978, 1992, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2010)

–

14

 Ivory Coast

2 (1992, 2015)

2 (2006, 2012)

4 (1965, 1968, 1986, 1994)

2 (1970, 2008)

10

 DR Congo

2 (19682, 19743)

–

2 (1998, 2015)

1 (19723)

5

 Zambia

1 (2012)

2 (1974, 1994)

3 (1982, 1990, 1996)

–

6

 Tunisia

1 (2004*)

2 (1965*, 1996)

1 (1962)

2 (1978, 2000)

6

 Sudan

1 (1970*)

2 (1959, 1963)

1 (1957*)

–

4

 Algeria

1 (1990*)

1 (1980)

2 (1984, 1988)

2 (1982, 2010)

6

 Ethiopia

1 (1962*)

1 (1957)

1 (1959)

2 (1963, 1968*)

5

 Morocco

1 (1976)

1 (2004)

1 (1980)

2 (1986, 1988*)

5

 South Africa

1 (1996*)

1 (1998)

1 (2000)

–

3

 Congo

1 (1972)

–

–

1 (1974)

2

 Mali

–

1 (1972)

2 (2012, 2013)

3 (1994, 2002*, 2004)

6

 Burkina Faso

–

1 (2013)

1 (2017)

1 (1998*)

3

 Senegal

–

1 (2002)

–

3 (1965, 1990, 2006)

4

 Uganda

–

1 (1978)

–

1 (1962)

2

 Guinea

–

1 (1976)

–

–

1

 Libya

–

1 (1982*)

–

–

1

 Equatorial Guinea

–

–

–

1 (2015*)

1

text:
* hosts
1 as United Arab Republic
2 as Congo-Kinshasa
3 as Zaire

text: All-time record[edit]

text:
Tournaments

Matches

Goals Scored

Goals per match

1957

2

7

3.50

1959

3

8

2.67

1962

4

18

4.50

1963

8

33

4.13

1965

8

31

3.88

1968

16

52

3.25

1970

16

51

3.19

1972

16

53

3.31

1974

17

54

3.18

1976

18

54

3.00

1978

16

38

2.38

1980

16

33

2.06

1982

16

32

2.00

1984

16

39

2.44

1986

16

31

1.94

1988

16

23

1.44

1990

16

30

1.88

1992

20

34

1.70

1994

20

44

2.20

1996

29

78

2.69

1998

32

93

2.91

2000

32

73

2.28

2002

32

48

1.50

2004

32

88

2.75

2006

32

73

2.28

2008

32

99

3.09

2010

29

71

2.45

2012

32

76

2.38

2013

32

69

2.16

2015

32

68

2.13

2017

32

66

2.06

text: Champions by region[edit]

text:
Regional federation

Champion(s)

Title(s)

UNAF (North Africa)

Egypt (7), Algeria (1), Morocco (1), Tunisia (1)

10

WAFU (West Africa)

Ghana (4), Nigeria (3), Ivory Coast (2)

9

UNIFFAC (Central Africa)

Cameroon (5), DR Congo (2), Congo (1)

8

CECAFA (East Africa)

Ethiopia (1), Sudan (1)

2

COSAFA (Southern Africa)

South Africa (1), Zambia (1)

2

text: Records and statistics[edit]


document_title: Sing (2016 American film)

question_text: who was the voice of the elephant in sing

root

text: Sing (2016 American film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In a world of anthropomorphic animals, koala bear Buster Moon owns a theater, having been interested in show business since his father took him to his first music show as a young child. Following financial problems brought up by the bank representative Judith, he tells his wealthy friend Eddie that he will host a singing competition with a prize of $1,000. But Buster's assistant, Miss Crawly, accidentally appends making the prize money to $100,000 and the promotional fliers showing $100,000 are blown out of Buster's office into the city streets.

tag: p

text: Animals from all around the city gather for auditions. Those selected include housewife and mother of 25 piglets Rosita; street musician mouse Mike; a gorilla named Johnny and the son of a mobster; and punk-rock porcupine Ash. Shy teenage elephant Meena fails her audition out of stage fright, while Ash's boyfriend Lance is dismissed from the contest. Rosita is paired with another contestant, an exuberant pig named Gunter, for a dance routine. Although Buster discovers the flyers show a prize of $100,000 (money he does not have), he remains optimistic. Buster convinces Eddie to arrange a visit with Eddie's grandmother, former opera singer and theater actress Nana Noodleman, to persuade her to sponsor the prize money. She is hesitant to contribute out of spite toward Buster but agrees to see a private screening of the show before making a decision.

text: Encouraged by her grandfather, Meena tries to ask Buster for another chance, but becomes his stage hand instead. When one of the acts quits, and another is injured, Meena is added as an act. The performers' individual problems begin to hinder rehearsals: Rosita flounders in her dance routine with Gunter, after having been distracted by her parenting duties that have fallen into disarray since her workaholic husband Norman won't help. After discovering Lance breaking up with her for not being around anymore and with a new girlfriend Becky and evicting them from her apartment, Ash is devastated and can no longer sing her assigned song, Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe." Johnny is torn between having to help his father as the driver of a getaway car in a heist and making the practices. When he tries to do both, he does not show up for the planned pickup in time and his father and his gang of mobsters are arrested, causing his dad to resent him. Meena does not get any help in overcoming her stage fright, and Mike, certain that the prize money is as good as his, buys a fancy car to impress a female mouse, but then swindles a group of bears in a card game at a nightclub.

text: The day of the screening, the bears interrupt the show, demanding the money from Mike, who in turn, points to Buster. The bears open the chest containing the prize money, but it is nowhere near $100,000. The glass tank full of bioluminescent squid that Buster got to light up the theater breaks under all their weight, flooding the theater, which then comes crashing down. With the lot repossessed by Judith, Buster, who had been living in his theater's office desk, takes up residence at Eddie's place (his parents' pool house). Although the contestants (except Mike, who saw Buster as a fraud) visit him and try to cheer him up, Buster is too despondent to listen to them. He tries to start over by opening a car wash, using the same bucket that his father had used to earn money for Buster's theater.

text: When Meena goes to the theater's rubble lot and sings Leonard Cohen's "Hallelujah," Buster hears her and is inspired to reinstate the show without the prize money. They perform on a makeshift stage on the lot in front of Rosita and Meena's family members. As Rosita and Gunter perform Taylor Swift's "Shake It Off," more animals are attracted to the scene, as the show is broadcast on the news, and Norman finds himself attracted to his wife again. Johnny's rendition of Elton John's "I'm Still Standing" impresses his father, who then escapes from prison to reconcile with him. Despite an interruption by Judith, Ash sings her original rock song "Set It All Free," which causes Lance to finally notice her. Mike, despite initially refuse to perform, is goaded into returning and sings Frank Sinatra's "My Way." Meena finally overcomes her fears and sings Stevie Wonder's "Don't You Worry 'bout a Thing," which literally brings down the house.

text: The show becomes a success and impresses Nana, who was in the audience. Nana buys the lot and the theater is rebuilt and reopened.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Matthew McConaughey as Buster Moon, an optimistic koala who plans to save his theater from closure by holding a singing competition.[3][5]
Reese Witherspoon as Rosita, a pig who gave up her teenage music dreams to become a devoted wife to Norman, and mother to their 25 piglets.[5]
Seth MacFarlane as Mike, an arrogant street musician mouse with a big Frank Sinatra-esque voice.[5]
Scarlett Johansson as Ash, a teenage porcupine punk rocker who takes part in an alternative-rock music duo with her boyfriend Lance.[1][5]
Tori Kelly as Meena, a teenage elephant with an exquisite singing voice and severe stage fright.[5]
Taron Egerton as Johnny, a teenage gorilla who wants to sing, though his father would rather have him follow his criminal footsteps.[5]
Nick Kroll as Gunter, a passionate dancing pig who is partnered with Rosita for the show.[6][7]
John C. Reilly as Eddie Noodleman, a sheep and Buster's friend who doubts the future of the theater.[5][8]
Jennifer Saunders as Nana Noodleman, a sheep and Eddie's grandmother who was a singer in her glory days.[7][9]

Jennifer Hudson[1] as Young Nana

Garth Jennings as Miss Crawly, an elderly iguana with a glass eye who is Buster's administrative assistant.[1]
Peter Serafinowicz as Big Daddy, a gorilla gang leader who wants his son Johnny to follow in his crime business.[1]
Beck Bennett as Lance, a porcupine and Ash's boyfriend.[1]
Jay Pharoah[7] as Meena's grandfather who pressures her to overcome her stage fright.
Nick Offerman[7] as Norman, a pig and Rosita's husband.
Leslie Jones as Meena's mother
Rhea Perlman as Judith,[1][10] a brown llama from the bank who warns Buster that his theater will be repossessed if he does not pay.
Laraine Newman as Meena's grandmother
Adam Buxton as Stan, a gorilla who is a member of Big Daddy's gang.
Brad Morris as Baboon, whom Mike attacks for not donating more money to his street performances.
Bill Farmer as News Reporter Dog, who documents Buster's singing competition.

tag: ul

text: The voices of Rosita's piglet children were provided by Oscar, Leo, Caspar, and Asa Jennings, the children of Garth Jennings, the film's writer and director. Jennings had directors Edgar Wright and Wes Anderson provide "additional voices", continuing a tradition of the three friends appearing in each other's films.[11]

text: Production[edit]

text: In January 2014, it was announced that Garth Jennings would write and direct an animated comedy film for Universal Pictures and Illumination Entertainment, about "courage, competition and carrying a tune,"[12] which was originally titled Lunch,[13] and then retitled as Sing.[5]

text: On January 14, 2015, Matthew McConaughey was cast in the film's lead voice role.[3] Chris Meledandri and Janet Healy produced the film.[3] On June 17, 2015, it was confirmed that McConaughey's character is named Buster and that John C. Reilly would voice Eddie, a sheep and Buster's best friend.[8] In November 2015, it was announced that Reese Witherspoon, Seth MacFarlane, Scarlett Johansson, Tori Kelly and Taron Egerton had joined the cast of the film.[5]

text: The film features 65 pop songs, the rights to which cost 15 percent of the film's $75 million budget.[14] The animation was created entirely in France by Illumination MacGuff.[15]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack album for the film was released on December 21, 2016.

text: Release[edit]

text: The almost complete[16] film was screened as a work in progress beginning September 11, 2016 at the Toronto International Film Festival.[17] Universal Studios released the film on December 21, 2016.[18]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sing was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 21, 2017. It includes three short films: Gunter Babysits, Love at First Sight, and Eddie's Life Coach.[19]

text:
In Gunter Babysits, Gunter offers to watch over Rosita and Norman's piglets while they are away as he works to prove himself to be a good babysitter.
In Love at First Sight, Johnny sets Miss Crawly up with an online dating website where she manages to score a date with a lizard named Herman.
In Eddie's Life Coach, Eddie's mother sets Eddie up for a digital training seminar where he will be assigned to a dachshund named Garry "The Winner" Wishman.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Sing grossed $270.3 million in the United States and Canada, and $363.8 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $634.1 million, against a production budget of $75 million.[2] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $194.2 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenue for the film, making it the 7th most profitable release of 2016.[20]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Passengers and Assassin's Creed, and was expected to gross around $70 million from 4,022 theaters over its first six days of release.[21] The film made $1.7 million during its Tuesday night previews.[22] It went on to gross $35.2 million in its opening weekend (a six-day total of $75.5 million), finishing second at the box office behind Rogue One: A Star Wars Story, which was in its second week.[23] Sing holds the record for being the highest-grossing film to never finish first at the North American box office, besting My Big Fat Greek Wedding ($241.4 million in 2002).[24]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 73% based on 168 reviews, and an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Sing delivers colorfully animated, cheerfully undemanding entertainment with a solid voice cast and a warm-hearted – albeit familiar – storyline that lives up to its title."[25] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 37 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[26] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[27]

text: Brian Truitt of USA Today gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and wrote, "In a year full of talking-animal hits, Sing isn't quite as strong a number. It's a tale that might not be particularly thought-provoking but sure is toe-tapping."[28] In her review for the Los Angeles Times, Katie Walsh called Sing, "a cute movie with genuinely funny moments (keep an eye out for the koala car wash), and some great tunes to boot."[29] The Arizona Republic's Bill Goodykoontz was rather mixed about the movie in his review and overall said, "Sing is like an album with a good song here and there, but too much filler and not enough hits."[30] Reviewing the version of the film screened at the Toronto International Film Festival, Stefan Pape of the British website HeyUGuys gave the film a mixed review of 2/5, stating that "Garth Jennings's Sing effectively acknowledges early on that it's following a completely unoriginal formula, and yet carries on regardless."[31] While Peter Debruge of Variety, who also saw the film during the same festival, did not find the subplots to have any "profound life lessons," he overall praised Jennings' direction, the cast's voice performances and the film's silliness.[32]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP Annual Movies for Grownups Awards
February 6, 2017
Best Movie for Grownups who Refuse to Grow Up
Sing
Nominated
[33]

Annie Awards
February 4, 2017
Outstanding Achievement, Music in an Animated Feature Production
Joby Talbot
[34]

Golden Globe Awards
January 8, 2017
Best Animated Feature Film
Sing
[35]

Best Original Song
"Faith" – Ryan Tedder, Stevie Wonder and Francis Farewell Starlite

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
November 17, 2016
Best Song – Animated Film
[36][37]

Best Soundtrack Album
Sing: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Outstanding Music Supervision – Film
Jojo Villanueva
Won

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards
March 11, 2017
Favorite Animated Movie
Sing
Nominated
[38]

Favorite Voice From an Animated Movie
Reese Witherspoon

Most Wanted Pet

Favorite Soundtrack
Sing

Saturn Awards
June 28, 2017
Best Animated Film
Nominated
[39]

tag: table

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Universal and Illumination have announced plans for a sequel, tentatively titled Sing 2, slated for December 25, 2020.[40]


document_title: Heneral Luna

question_text: who is isabel in heneral luna's life

question_tokens: who is isabel in heneral luna 's life

text: Heneral Luna

text: Plot[edit]

text: President Emilio Aguinaldo (Mon Confiado) together with his Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini (Epi Quizon) and the whole presidential cabinet are debating the issue of the American presence in the Philippines. Felipe Buencamino (Nonie Buencamino) and Pedro Paterno (Leo Martinez) support a trade with Americans while  General Antonio Luna (John Arcilla) and General José Alejandrino (Alvin Anson) want to wage war to gain independence for the Philippines. Luna asks the cabinet to authorize a pre-emptive strike while the Americans have yet to land their ground troops. Aguinaldo however assured his cabinet that the Americans had promised to help win freedom from their Spanish overlords. Unfortunately, the Americans have invaded key cities in Manila, indicating a possible war against the Filipinos.

text: Luna and his trusted comrades – General José Alejandrino, Colonel Francisco “Paco” Román (Joem Bascon), Captain Eduardo Rusca (Archie Alemania), Captain José Bernal (Alex Medina) and Major Manuel Bernal (Art Acuña) – embark on an arduous campaign against the invading American forces. During an intense battle against American troops led by General Arthur MacArthur Jr. (Miguel Faustmann) and General Elwell Otis (E.A. Rocha), Luna asks for reinforcements from the Kawit Battalion but its commander, Captain Pedro Janolino (Ketchup Eusebio), refuses to comply because the order did not come from President Aguinaldo himself. Luna angrily rides to Janolino's camp, humiliates him in front his men, and dismisses the battalion for insubordination. Luna then assembles an army of 4,000 soldiers by declaring his infamous "Article One", stating that all who refuse to follow his orders shall be executed without the benefit of a trial in a military court. He also recruits Lieutenant García (Ronnie Lazaro) after seeing his marksmanship skills, and makes him commander of his elite unit of sharpshooters.

text: As the war drags on, Buencamino and Paterno indicate their support of a proposal by the Americans for Philippine autonomy. Enraged by this, Luna orders their arrest. Luna’s campaign is undermined by General Tomás Mascardo (Lorenz Martinez), who opposes Luna's order for reinforcements, stating that he will only follow the President's direct orders. While the two generals are about to clash in Pampanga, the Americans advance steadily as other Filipino generals like Gregorio del Pilar (Paulo Avelino) retreat to the north. Luna visits Aguinaldo and Mabini to file his resignation, knowing that Buencamino and Paterno had been set free. Aguinaldo refuses to accept his resignation, but agrees to let Luna establish a headquarters for the Philippine Army in the north.

text: Later, Luna is summoned by a telegram to the President’s headquarters in Cabanatuan. Although his officers are suspicious, Luna rides to Cabanatuan, bringing only Román and Rusca with him. Most of the soldiers had already left headquarters under Aguinaldo's orders, with the exception of some elements of the Kawit Battalion. Luna discovers upon arrival that Aguinaldo had already left and only Buencamino remains in the office. As they exchange heated words, a single shot is fired outside. Luna investigates and encounters Captain Janolino and his men, who attack him. Luna is shot, stabbed, and hacked repeatedly to death. Román is also killed while a wounded Rusca surrenders to the Kawit soldiers. Most of Luna's remaining loyal officers are arrested, while some are killed, including the Bernal brothers.

text: As ordered by Aguinaldo, Luna and Román are buried with full military honors by the Kawit Battalion - the same men who killed them. Mabini, who is among the mourners, notices a bloodied Bolo of one of the soldiers; however, the Kawit Battalion would be exonerated thereafter.

text: While American newspapers quickly blame Aguinaldo for the death of Luna, after the war an aged Aguinaldo denies his involvement on the assassination; he acknowledges Antonio Luna as his most brilliant and most capable general. MacArthur and Otis acknowledge Luna as a worthy adversary, laughing at the fact that the Filipinos killed the only real general they had.

text: In the mid-credits scene, General Gregorio del Pilar makes ready to cover Aguinaldo's retreat to the north. He gathers Luna's remaining men and orders his aide to select 60 of them.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Historical characters[edit]

text:
John Arcilla as Gen. Antonio Luna
Mon Confiado as President Emilio Aguinaldo

text: Members of Aguinaldo's Presidential Cabinet[edit]

text:
Epy Quizon as Prime Minister Apolinario Mabini
Alvin Anson as Gen. José Alejandrino
Nonie Buencamino as Felipe Buencamino Sr.
Leo Martinez as Pedro Paterno

text: Antonio Luna's general staff[edit]

text:
Joem Bascon as Col. Francisco "Paco" Román
Art Acuña as Maj. Manuel Bernal
Alex Medina as Capt. José Bernal
Archie Alemania as Capt. Eduardo Rusca
Ronnie Lazaro as Lt. García

text: Members of the "Cavite faction" of the Philippine Republican Army[edit]

text:
Lorenz Martinez as Gen. Tomás Mascardo
Ketchup Eusebio as Capt. Pedro Janolino
Anthony Falcon as Sgt. Díaz, messenger of General Mascardo[12]

text: Other Philippine Republican Army personnel[edit]

text:
Paulo Avelino as Gen. Gregorio "Goyong" del Pilar
Benjamin Alves as Lt. Manuel Quezon

text: United States Army personnel[edit]

text:
Miguel Faustmann as Gen. Arthur MacArthur Jr.[13]
E.A. Rocha as Maj. Gen. Elwell Otis
Greg Dorris as Maj. Gen. Wesley Merritt
David Bianco as Maj. Peter Lorry Smith
Rob Rownd as Col. Boyd

text: Other supporting characters[edit]

text:
Bing Pimentel as Laureana Luna, mother of Antonio Luna
Allan Paule as Juan Luna, brother of Antonio Luna
Marc Abaya as young Antonio Luna
Perla Bautista as Trinidad Aguinaldo, mother of Emilio Aguinaldo
Dido de la Paz as Don Joaquín Luna de San Pedro, father of Antonio Luna
Junjun Quintana as José Rizal
Nico Antonio as Andrés Bonifacio
Jake Feraren as Procopio Bonifacio
Carlo Aquino as Col. Vicente Enriquez

text: Fictional or composite characters[edit]

text:
Arron Villaflor as Joven Hernando, the film's POV character, a fictional journalist interviewing Luna.[14]
Mylene Dizon as Isabel, a composite character of several of the historical Luna's love interests.[15]

text: Production[edit]

text: Screenplay[edit]

text: The first draft of Heneral Luna was written in 1998 by E.A. Rocha and Henry Hunt Francia, who chose to write about Antonio Luna after being hired by Cirio Santiago to write a television script for a television series in celebration of the centennial of Philippine independence.  When the series failed to push through, Rocha and Francia were asked to rewrite the script as a feature-length film. The film did not go into production, however, and was shelved for seventeen years.[16]  Francia died before the film's release.[17]  Eventually, Leo Martinez convinced Rocha to submit the script to the Film Development Council of the Philippines.[18]

text: Jerrold Tarog, who had separately developed an interest in making a film about Antonio Luna after reading literature about him, learned about the Rocha and Francia script, and asked if he could use it for his planned film. Tarog got permission to re-write the script, which was originally written entirely in English,[19] and then asked fellow director Alvin Yapan to help translate it into formal Tagalog.[16] Tarog then tweaked the script further, simplifying it, and adapting it further for the appreciation of modern audiences.[19][20]

text: Notably, one of Tarog's later changes was to separate the Mascardo and Janolino characters, which at one point had been merged into a composite character, "Mascolino", who would have taken on characteristics of both historical characters. Tarog indicated that separating the characters would help flesh the film out further, and give it more highlights.[18]

text: The characters of Paco Román and Eduardo Rusca, who were portrayed in a character triptych with Luna in the film, were written to be polar opposites. Román would be a more controlled, logical character who would help bring out a more controlled side of Luna, while Rusca would be a more passionate character who could provide moments of levity throughout the film.[21]

text: In an interview on Filipino music website Radio Republic, Tarog, who has a degree in music composition from the College of Music at the University of the Philippines Diliman,[22] indicated that he approached Heneral Luna, as with all his other films, from a musical perspective.  He revealed that he sometimes even did so literally - using a musical staff to lay out scenes, plotting out highs and lows, with notes corresponding scenes, and the pitch of the note corresponding to the mood.[19]

text: Among Tarog's references during the rewriting of the script were Philippine National Artist Nick Joaquin's A Question of Heroes, which he used as a guide to the film's tone and in humanizing the character of the titular protagonist; and Vivencio José's The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna, which Tarog used as the primary source on Antonio Luna's life.[16]

text: Pre-production[edit]

text: Before meeting with Rocha regarding revising the script for the film, Tarog approached mainstream producers to do the film; he was however met with skepticism and doubts over the film's marketability, as they assumed that such a historical film "will be boring" or would not appeal to a mainstream audience. Tarog expressed difficulty into convincing them otherwise, lamenting that the local film industry has been institutionalized into producing films solely for entertainment, without taking into account those that "contribute to the minds of the people".[16][23]

text: The film was bankrolled by businessman Fernando Ortigas' film production outfit Artikulo Uno Productions, which takes its name from the Philippine-American War military directive, prominently referenced in the film. Ortigas himself makes a brief cameo in the film.[23][24] Ortigas and Rocha served as co-producers of the film.[23] Ortigas remarked that if he would have received the script for the film a week earlier than he did, he would have just junked the script because he was not in a good state of mind to work with films at that time. He comments that the script arrived "at the right time" and said he enjoyed it.[25]

text: The film went through a long pre-production phase, which allowed the film's various departments to cope with the challenges of filming a period film in contemporary settings.[23]  With roughly 90% of the film needing to be shot on location, the film required extensive location shoots in the few areas in the Philippines which still matched the architecture and environment of the period.[26]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Speaking at a press conference for 2015 Quezon City International Film Festival, at the beginning of the film's fourth week, Producer and co-writer E.A. Rocha noted that no expense was to be spared in getting "only actors suited for the role" instead of big-name stars. Tarog said his experiences on watching John Arcilla's performance in Raymond Red's short film Anino and later in the feature film Metro Manila later influenced him to cast Arcilla as General Luna.[21]

text: Filming[edit]

text: To keep costs down and cope with the requirements of shooting a historical film in modern settings, the film hewed close to its very tightly planned shotlist.[21]  Tarog revealed that he designed his shots to reflect the two sides of Luna's personality - mostly straightforward shots to reflect his bluntness, and longer steadicam shots in moments that revealed his poetic side.[21]

text: Cinematographer Pong Ignacio drew inspiration from paintings from the film's period, including Antonio Luna's brother, Juan, and referenced numerous films portraying trench warfare, citing Stanley Kubrick's 1957 film Paths of Glory as a particular inspiration.[26] Ignacio recounts that the flashback scene to Luna's childhood, which was a single long steadicam shot involving an elaborate set, was the most challenging shot of the film.[26]

text: Makeup and prosthetics[edit]

text: Makeup and prosthetics for the film referred extensively to actual pictures of the historical characters.  Arcilla had to grow out his moustache for the film, while Confiado lost significant weight for the role.  Confiado also had to spend a long time looking for a barber who could render Aguinaldo's iconic haircut well. Carmen Reyes, who oversaw the makeup and prosthetics for the film, revealed that the makeup for Bing Pimintel, who portrays Luna's mother in two time periods, was particularly challenging. She also added that the choice to portray General Mascardo with only a partially formed moustache was symbolic, reflecting his frustration about being overshadowed by Luna.[27]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: Visual effects company BlackBurst Inc was tasked to take on the film's visual effects, often in an effort to make a scene shot in a modern location fit seamlessly into the period storytelling of the film.[28]

text: In many cases, BlackBurst removed modern elements such as electric wires from houses and other backgrounds shot on location, or changed details, such as roof shingles on buildings, to match the period. In other cases BlackBurst added digital set extensions, notably the ships in the scene of the Americans arriving in Manila, early in the film. All of the ships were added digitally using Autodesk Maya, and crafting that particular effect took the entire production timetable.[28]

text: Background CEO Jauhn Dablo, who also served as the film's visual effects director, revealed that Tarog was very meticulous about the effects, paying attention even to the angle, power, and timing of individual gun shots.[28]

text: Music[edit]

text: Aside from taking on duties as the film's director, co-writer, and editor, Tarog also composed the score of the film,[16] drawing inspiration from numerous Russian classical composers, beginning with Igor Stravinsky mentor Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.[21]

text: Acclaimed singer-songwriter Ebe Dancel, Tarog's fellow alumnus from the UP Rural High School in Los Baños, Laguna, was commissioned to write and perform the movie’s theme song, "Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas" (Until there's no Tomorrow) which was published in October 2015 under Star Music.[29][30][31]

text: Release[edit]

text: Pre-release screenings[edit]

text: Pre-release screenings of the film were held at selected venues in the United States; August 30, 2015 in Anthology Film Archives Cinema in New York City and AMC Rio Cinema in Maryland, Virginia and Washington D.C.; August 31, 2015 in Marina Theater in San Francisco and Krikorian Monrovia Cinema in Los Angeles, California. The film was also screened at the Philippine Consulate General in Dubai, United Arab Emirates on August 30.[17]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The film was released with the tagline "Bayan o Sarili" (Tagalog, "Nation or Self?"), a tagline later used by fans on social media to criticize theaters who had pulled the film out in favor of mainstream films.[17][32]

text: Much of the public interest in the film came from word of mouth and social media.[32]

text: By September 19, the film's official trailer posted on YouTube has garnered over 1 million views.

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: The film's general release in the Philippines nationwide began on September 9, 2015.[17][33]

text: After initially opening in about 100 theaters, Heneral Luna was pulled out in many theaters entering its second week, mostly to make way for the Hollywood and mainstream films that were scheduled to open. Down to around 40 cinemas, fans of the film rallied on social media and appealed to theater owners - especially the SM, Ayala and Robinsons cinema chains - to provide more venues for the film.[32]

text: On the opening of its second week, the film was shown to 79 theaters in the Philippines and then was increased to 94 by the weekends due to the increase of popularity.[citation needed] Word of mouth, critical acclaim, and social media coverage boosted the film's popularity, resulting in sold-out theaters nationwide - prompting cinema owners to show it again in their theaters.[32]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Since its theatrical release on September 9, 2015, Heneral Luna has made ₱180 in million gross sales at the box office - only ₱20 million short of the ₱200 million it needs to be able to break even at the box office, after cinemas' cut in ticket sales have been considered. On September 29, 2015, it passed the ₱160 million mark to become the highest grossing Filipino historical film of all time.[7]

text: As an independent film, Heneral Luna had a limited marketing budget, resulting in relatively low sales in its first week - ₱15 million from September 9 to 15, 2015.[8]

text: Due to positive word of mouth, ticket sales surged on Heneral Luna's second release week, earning ₱44 million from September 16 to 22.[8] despite the reduction in the number of theaters showing the film early in that week.[32] The distributor of the film, Joji Alonso, noted that “the 1st day gross of the second week is way higher than the 1st day gross of the 1st week. And to think the number of theaters was reduced by more than half!”[32]

text: On the third week, when even mainstream films normally see a drop in box office sales, Heneral Luna's numbers surged even higher, earning ₱104,010,219 from September 23 to 29.[34]

text: By the beginning of its fourth week, the film was averaging gross box office sales of about ₱8.5 million a day.[34]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A nationwide DVD release of Heneral Luna was done by distributor Magnavision, Inc. on December 18, 2015. Over 7,000 DVD copies of the film were sold in less than a month since its release making it the best-selling DVD of any Filipino historical film in the Philippines. Among the bonus features of the DVD are English subtitle, a music video for the film's official theme song, "Hanggang Wala Nang Bukas" by Ebe Dancel, a making of - documentary, and a short film entitled Illustrado Problems directed by JP Habac, which featured the illustrado characters from Heneral Luna in a comedic light.[35] On June 11, 2016, the film was broadcast for the first time on television through the ABS-CBN network.[36] Artikulo Uno Productions and ABS-CBN Corporation earlier announced a partnership to distribute Heneral Luna on all platforms of ABS-CBN including free-to-air, cable, global, video on demand, and pay per view.[37]

text: Filmmakers[edit]

text: A forum  dubbed as “The Heneral Luna Revolution: Game Changer in Film Distribution” was held at Cinema 1 of Trinoma on October 27, 2015. The forum co-presented by QCinema and InterAksyon.com mainly tackled about the box office success of Heneral Luna and how could other indie films replicate this feat. The forum was moderated by InterAksyon.com editor-in-chief Roby Alampay and led by panel members director Jerrold Tarog and associate producers Vincent Nebrida and Ria Limjap.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Heneral Luna received mostly positive reviews from film critics in the Philippines[38][39][40][41][42] and historians alike.[43][44]

text: Historian and former National Commission for Culture and the Arts chair Ambeth Ocampo strongly recommended the film,[43] calling it "an engaging narrative, supported by wonderful cinematography and grounded on sound historical research." He added that "When I previewed the film, I commented that it should not open with a disclaimer simply because it is a cinematic retelling of what many consider textbook history and is not a doctoral dissertation."[43]

text: Comparisons have been drawn between Arcilla's portrayal of Luna in the film, and that of the character he played in John Sayles' 2010 film Amigo, which was also set during the Filipino-American War, albeit on a much smaller scale - depicting the war as it was experienced in a single barrio.[45][46][47]

text: Philippine Daily Inquirer Arts and Books editor Lito B. Zulueta suggests that "By focusing on arguably the most rugged—and therefore the most dynamic—figure of the Philippine war against the American invaders, Jerrold Tarog’s 'Heneral Luna' revives the historical action movie and in effect, revitalizes two dormant genres—the action film and more important, the historical film."[48] Michael Kho Lim from the Daily Tribune also gave a positive review, saying “Timely as it is significant. John Arcilla breathes life to Luna. Complex. Poetic. Gripping.”[49]

text: Rappler critic Oggs Cruz calls the film “precise in its storytelling and in its depiction of the major players of the revolution," furthering that "John Arcilla is excellent. Tarog makes his character human… and creates an essay of everything that is wrong with our nationhood. Tarog’s Heneral Luna is fascinating, beautiful to gaze at, and genuinely affecting.”  ClickTheCity critic Philbert Ortiz Dy gave the film 5 out of 5 stars, saying "Beyond its obvious technical achievement, Heneral Luna is worth seeing for its audacious approach to tackling our country’s tragic history. All at once bold, artful, darkly funny, informed and deeply entertaining, it makes the revolution come alive in surprising, delightful ways. This film triumphs in capturing the spirit of its subject, the whole enterprise fueled with a heady mix of rage, irreverence and a genuine love of country. It is everything that an Antonio Luna biopic should be.”

text: Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator gives the film a score of 71% based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2 out of 10.[50]

text: Heneral Luna received a Grade A from Cinema Evaluation Board of the Philippines.[51]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of accolades

Award / Film Festival

Category

Recipient(s)

Result

Luna Awards 2016[52]

Best Picture

Heneral Luna

Won

Best Director

Jerrold Tarrog

Won

Best Screenplay

Henry Francia, E.A. Rocha and Jerrold Tarog

Won

Best Actor

John Arcilla

Won

Best Supporting Actor

Nonie Buencamino

Won

Best Supporting Actress

Mylene Dizon

Nominated

Best Cinematography

Pong Ignacio

Won

Best Production Design

Benjamin Padero and Carlo Tabije

Won

Best Editing

Jerrold Tarog

Won

Best Musical Scoring

Jerrold Tarog

Won

Best Sound

Mikko Quizon

Won

39th Gawad Urian Awards[53]

Best Picture

Heneral Luna

Nominated

Best Director

Jerrold Tarog

Won

Best Editing

Jerrold Tarog

Won

Best Screenplay

Jerrold Tarog, Henry Francia & E.A Rocha

Nominated

Best Cinematography

Pong Ignacio

Won

Best Editing

Jerrold Tarog

Won

Best Music

Jerrold Tarog

Nominated

Best Sound

Mikko Quizon

Won

2016 Platinum Stallion Media Awards[54]

Best Student-Oriented Film

Jerrold Tarog

Won

Best Film Actor

John Arcilla

Won

14th Gawad Tanglaw Awards[55]
Student’s Choice Award for Best Film
Jerrold Tarog
Won

Best Cinematography
Pong Ignacio
Won

Gantimpalang Dr. Jaime G. AngPresidential Jury Award for Film
John Arcilla
Won

10th Asian Film Awards[56][57]

Best Actor

John Arcilla

Nominated

Best Costume Design

Carlo Tabije

Nominated

Best Production Design

Benjamin Padero, Carlo Tabije

Nominated

32nd PMPC Star Awards for Movies[58]

Movie of the Year

Heneral Luna

Nominated

Movie Director of the Year

Jerrold Tarog

Nominated

Movie Actor of the Year

John Arcilla

Nominated

Movie Supporting Actor of the Year

Noni Buencamino

Nominated

Mon Confiado

Nominated

Movie Supporting Actress of the Year

Mylene Dizon

Nominated

Movie Screenwriter of the Year

Henry Francia, E.A. Rocha, and Jerrold Tarog

Nominated

Movie Cinematographer of the Year

Pong Ignacio

Nominated

Movie Production Designer of the Year

Benjamin Padero and Carlo Tabije

Nominated

Movie Editor of the Year

Jerrold Tarog

Won

Movie Musical Scorer of the Year

Jerrold Tarog

Won

Movie Sound Engineer of the Year

Mikko Quizon and Hit Productions

Won

Movie Original Theme Song of the Year

Hanggang Wala Nang Wakas, composed, arranged, and interpreted by Ebe Dancel

Nominated

text: Themes and symbolism[edit]

text: A number of visual motifs throughout film have symbolic significance, particularly for audiences familiar with the History of the period and Filipino culture.

text: A Philippine revolutionary flag is displayed prominently in the film's bookend scenes, becoming dirtier and more ragged when the film reverts to its framing device as the events of the film unfold.[59] The burning flag during the end credits is a poignant experience for Filipino audiences, as flag-burning is not legal under the 1987 Filipino constitution.[38]

text: In a scene towards the end of the film, the bodies of Luna and Román are dragged across the courtyard in a manner highly reminiscent of the Spoliarium, a painting which has served as artistic icon of Filipino nationalism, painted in 1884 by Luna's own brother, Juan Luna.[60]

text: Historical accuracy and significance[edit]

text: Patricio Mercado-Noel, author of Was Aguinaldo Really An Arrogant Imbecile? A Critique of Nick Joaquin's "A Question of Heroes" and "Heneral Luna" the Film, questioned the accuracy of the movie, particularly in its negative portrayal of Aguinaldo as a clueless and dormant leader. He cites two of Aguinaldo's correspondences, prior to the Philippine-American War, in which Aguinaldo explicitly states to General Juan Cailles, Felipe Buencamino, and Gregorio Araneta, that he was aware that war with the Americans was "coming sooner or later" and that he felt that the Americans were "playing us until the arrival of their reinforcements". In the film, however, Aguinaldo is shown as trusting the U.S. ambassador's assurances given to him, during his exile in Hong Kong.[citation needed]

text: Mercado-Noel also pointed out that, contrary to the film's suggestion (in the opening scene), Aguinaldo had begun preparations for war with the Americans in Intramuros. He cites secret orders given to General Pantaleón García by Aguinaldo, before the Philippine-American War, in which Aguinaldo instructs García to build trenches and to familiarize himself with his military plan, containing 12 detailed articles, for a surprise offensive within Intramuros, in coordination with Filipino forces outside the city walls. His research suggests that the shortages of armaments, even before the fall of Intramuros, and an uprising in Tarlac, played a major role in the delay of the planned attack on the Americans in the city.[citation needed]

text: With much of the film based on the works of Vivencio R. Jose, the film not only stayed true to the broad historical narrative, but to lesser known elements of Luna's personality, such as his penchant for musical instruments, his close relationship to his mother, his love of women, and his passion for the Philippine countryside.[61]

text: Tarog described the film as an "attempt to identify the ills" of Philippine society, emphasizing that the Filipinos' biggest enemy has been their own selves and not necessarily colonialization, and has been in "a cycle of betrayal".[16]

text: In one of the press conferences for the film's release, Tarog noted that the film took minor creative liberties such as Antonio Luna's frequent usage of the Filipino profanity such as the word putang ina (roughly translated as "son of a bitch") in the film in an effort to connect the film to the Filipino millennial generation which was the film's target audience.[17] There were also inaccuracies in the film's battle scenes. In its depiction of the Battle of Santo Tomas, the Filipinos are shown to be victorious against the Americans when in fact it was the Americans who won and they only suffered two casualties. Also, the man who saved Luna after his brave charge on horseback wasn't Colonel Roman as depicted in film, but was actually Alejandro Avecilla.[62][63]

text: Historian and columnist John Nery notes that an important part of Luna's personal history, his non-support of the first phase of the Philippine revolution - is not mentioned in the film, although he also notes that the event takes place outside the movie's timeframe, and the film does not contradict it.  Notes Nery, "Luna’s atonement is not part of the movie’s backstory (although on viewing the movie a second time I imagined it would easily fit the movie’s main narrative). Does this lessen director Jerrold Tarog’s work, or lead actor John Arcilla’s art? I do not think so, because the movie approaches the Luna story on its own terms."[64]

text: One of the creative liberties taken by the film with the historical timeline is that it portrays Apolinario Mabini as still holding a position of leadership at Luna's funeral, in June 1899; historically, however, Mabini had been pressured by his political adversaries into resigning from government a month earlier, in May 1899, replaced in his post as Prime Minister by Pedro Paterno. The film portrays the relationship between Mabini and Pedro Paterno as amicable.[65]

text: Isabel and conspiracy theories related to Ysidra Cojuangco[edit]

text: In an interview with CNN Philippines' Pia Hontiveros, Tarog revealed that the name of the character Isabel, played by Mylene Dizon, is "a wink" to conspiracy theorists who believe there was a relationship between Luna and Ysidra Cojuangco. According to the theory, made popular early in the term of President Benigno Aquino III, who is a descendant of Cojuangco, money squirreled away by Luna from the revolution was actually the source of the Cojuangco family fortune.  However, Tarog also revealed that he found no evidence of any such relationship between Ysidra and Luna, and that the name was thus nothing more than a humorous reference.  Instead, Tarog revealed that Dizon's character was a composite of several of Luna's lovers and Nicolasa Dayrit, the woman who tried to intervene between Mascardo and Luna during their argument.[66]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Given the socio-political nature of the film's themes, and the production's success relative to the majority of the Philippines' indie films and historical films, numerous aspects of the public reception to the film have been covered in media.

text: Early pull-out[edit]

text: One of the more unusual aspects of the public response to Heneral Luna was the successful campaign to put the film back in theaters. At first, more than half of the theaters that premiered the movie on September 9 had pulled it out after less than 5 days, which is typical practice for commercial movie theaters showing independent Filipino films.  By September 16, only 40 of the 101 theaters  that premiered it were still showing it.  This resulted in a clamor among netizens and artists to bring the film back.[67]  This helped create word of mouth publicity for the film after its first week, resulting in packed cinemas on the film's first weekend. As a result, cinemas decided to screen the film again, with second and third week box office results significantly higher than the first.  By the end of the film's first weekend, Heneral Luna was showing in 120 cinemas - higher than the number of cinemas that originally screened it.[32]

text: Lack of knowledge about Mabini's paralysis[edit]

text: The film's popularity has also led to some criticism of the Philippine educational system, due to reports of numerous incidents - including one during a Q&A with actor Epy Quizon, who portrayed Apolinario Mabini in the film - in which school-age youths asked why Mabini never stood up throughout the film, implying a lack of familiarity with the famously paralytic statesman.[68] President Benigno Aquino III noted this as well. In the 2015 Gawad Apolinario Mabini awarding ceremonies on September 29, 2015, he noted the issue was "a reflection of how little some of the youth know about history," considering Mabini's intelligence played a role in building the Philippines' democratic institution. He later hinted about tasking Education Secretary Armin Luistro to resolve the impasse.[69]

text: Portrayal of Aguinaldo[edit]

text: A number of historians have noted that the Film's portrayal of Emilio Aguinaldo is more negative than it thought to be by the viewers due to the plot.[70] Reacting to the film, Transport secretary Joseph Emilio Abaya, who is one of Aguinaldo's descendants, said that he maintains his belief that his great grandfather did not assassinate Luna.[71]

text: However, the director has indicated that one of the hopes of the planned trilogy is to present a more rounded  portrayal of Aguinaldo.[72] Actor Mon Confiado was given specific instructions never to portray Aguinaldo as a villain - while the audience might see him as a villain because of the plot, the portrayal itself would hinge on character motivations, such as the need for self-preservation, and never simple villainy.[21]

text: Unauthorized releases[edit]

text: Upon learning that bootleg copies of the film were already circulating, the cast and crew of the film campaigned on social media to discourage potential viewers from buying or downloading unlicensed copies of the film, and were soon joined by fans posting image macroes and other such memes encouraging viewers to support the film instead of unauthorized copies.[73][not in citation given] The Optical Media Board and the Philippine National Police made raids against the distribution of illegal DVD copies of the film.[74]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Noting the breakout success of Heneral Luna, director Jerrold Tarog said there are plans to make it the first of a trilogy if it generated enough revenues. The other two films would individually focus on Gregorio del Pilar and Manuel L. Quezon. Tarog likened the mid-credits scene of Heneral Luna to mid- or end-credit scenes of films in the Marvel Cinematic Universe that show potential plot points in an upcoming film.[72][75] Tarog has also expressed interest in making a film featuring female revolutionary Teresa Magbanua, who led troops in the Visayas region during the war.[76]

text: At an interview on Radio Republic, Tarog indicated that his next project as a director would either be an adaptation of Arnold Arre's The Mythology Class, or the sequel to Heneral Luna, whose title he revealed to be Goryo (which would eventually be changed later to Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral[77]), confirming that it would focus on Gregorio del Pilar.[19][78] At a special thanksgiving party on October 29, 2015 - Antonio Luna's 149th birth anniversary - co-producer EA Rocha confirmed that the del Pilar biopic is "in development" with a projected release scheduled in a few years time.[79]

text: On February 6, 2017, Tarog announced through his Twitter account that a short film bridging the events of Heneral Luna to that of Goyo: Ang Batang Heneral would be released on February 15 alongside the film I'm Drunk, I Love You.[80] The 20-minute short film, titled Angelito, focused on the fate of the Bernal brothers after Luna's assassination with Art Acuña, Alex Medina, Arron Villaflor and Carlo Aquino reprising their roles in Heneral Luna.[77]


document_title: Mom (TV series)

question_text: who plays bonnie on the tv show mom

question_tokens: who plays bonnie on the tv show mom

text: Mom (TV series)

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Mom follows Christy Plunkett (Anna Faris), a single mother who, after dealing with her battle with alcoholism and drug abuse, decides to restart her life in Napa, California, working as a waitress and attending Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Her mother Bonnie Plunkett (Allison Janney) is also a recovering addict. Christy's daughter, Violet (Sadie Calvano), who was born when Christy was 16, has also become a teen mother by her boyfriend, Luke (Spencer Daniels). Christy also has a young son, Roscoe (Blake Garrett Rosenthal) by her ex-husband, Baxter (Matt L. Jones), a deadbeat but likable pothead. As the show progresses, it adds themes of real-life issues such as alcoholism, teen pregnancy, homelessness, gambling addiction, domestic violence, obesity, rape, drug addiction, relapse and drug overdose.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Anna Faris as Christy Jolene Plunkett: a single mother who has gone four years without drinking and is still struggling with addiction and gambling. Now sober, she strives to be a good example to her son Roscoe, and regain the trust of her daughter Violet, who is revealed to be pregnant herself in the first episode. In addition, she is trying to iron out the rough edges in her relationship with her mother Bonnie, who never learned to play her role well and who would rather go out and drink than baby-sit. Christy later finds out that her biological father ran out on Bonnie on Christmas Eve, the day before Christy was born, and locates the man as a now-married father of two sons who runs an auto repair shop.
Allison Janney as Bonnie Plunkett: Christy's mother, a joyful if cynical recovering addict. She tries to regain the love and trust of her daughter, whom she was unable to properly nurture as a child. Bonnie started drinking at 15 years old. She was in the foster care system being ricocheted around from house to house and kept running off with Alvin. She ended up pregnant and had Christy, however Alvin abandoned them at the hospital. Bonnie nearly put Christy up for adoption. A pleasant Jewish couple was going to adopt her, yet Bonnie pulled out finally. From that point on, she attempted her best to raise Christy, however Christy wound up raising herself as Bonnie drank heavily and took tranquilizes and got back home late. A single mother, she preferred to party and drink rather than stay home. With time and much therapy, Bonnie managed to find the balance and now wants to catch up, revealing to Christy her past, including who her real father is and how to find him, as well as her past side career as a drug dealer.
Sadie Calvano as Violet Plunkett (main cast seasons 1–3; recurring season 4): Christy's daughter and older half-sister of Roscoe. A senior in high school at the beginning of the series, Violet is hardworking, smart and sure of herself, though upset with her mother, who never had time to take care of her children and failed to fulfill a true motherly role despite now being sober for some time. After having her boyfriend Luke's baby, Violet made the decision to place her baby for adoption because she felt that this was the best way to break her family's repeated cycle of poor life choices and give her child a better chance than she, her mother, or her grandmother ever had. During season 2, in a brief downward spiral of bad behavior, Violet cheats on Luke and he breaks up with her. She later gets engaged to Gregory Munchnik, a psychology professor at her university, but he breaks the engagement after she relapses - she has since been behaving in a gold digger-esque manner with other men. She got back together with Luke in Season 4.
Nate Corddry as Gabriel (main cast seasons 1–2): the manager of the restaurant where Christy works. Married to a domineering woman who scares him somewhat, Gabriel and Christy are carrying on an affair which Christy later ends but which Gabriel himself frequently and desperately tries to renew: they briefly resume their affair in season 2 when Christy is promoted as his replacement. He is a hardworking, competent manager, but often put in his place by his subordinates, particularly Chef Rudy.
Matt Jones as Baxter (main cast seasons 1–3; recurring season 4; guest season 5): Christy's ex-husband and the father of Roscoe. Sweet and charming, but very unstable, he is unable to maintain a serious relationship or steady work for much longer than a month. Loves easy life and frequently gets into fraudulent deals to make money. Despite his flaws, he is a loving father who usually comes through for his son. During season 2, under the influence of his wealthy new girlfriend Candace, Baxter gives up his slacker ways and becomes a car salesman.
French Stewart as Chef Rudy (main cast seasons 1–2; guest seasons 3 and 5): the head chef for the restaurant where Christy works as a waitress. A dominant and difficult self-made man, Rudy acts superior in his relationships with others. He is boastful and arrogant, often yelling at his subordinates without mincing words and will not hesitate to humiliate anyone who opposes him. He is secretive about his past and distant from people, but briefly dates Bonnie at one point: during this time, he is revealed to be a (bi)sexual fetishist with expensive tastes and hobbies who enjoys stealing food from the restaurant.
Spencer Daniels as Luke (main cast season 1; recurring season 2; guest season 4): a young student who loves to enjoy life and adventure. He had been dating Violet for a little over a year and got her pregnant. Luke is considerably airheaded, smoking marijuana often, but always tries to prove to Christy that he is not as crazy as he appears: he seems to genuinely love Violet, staying beside her and supporting her throughout her pregnancy, and he is often more sensitive towards Christy than her own children are, perhaps because his parents are religious fundamentalists with whom he does not connect. In season 2, Violet, during her downward spiral, cheated on Luke and he broke up with Violet. By season 4, Luke has apparently cleaned himself up and got a high-paying job with a video game company, driving Violet to get back together with him.
Blake Garrett Rosenthal as Roscoe Plunkett (main cast seasons 1–3; recurring season 4): Christy's son by Baxter and half-brother of Violet. He eventually goes to live with his father and his father's fiancé. He experimented with marijuana at age twelve.
Mimi Kennedy as Marjorie Armstrong-Perugian (recurring season 1, main cast season 2–present):[8] Christy's and Bonnie's AA sponsor. She had problems with alcohol and drugs in the past and is a breast cancer survivor. Through Christy she meets Victor Perugian, Christy's former landlord, who she eventually weds.
Jaime Pressly as Jill Kendall (recurring season 2, main cast season 3–present):[9] An AA member who Christy sponsors, Jill is a wealthy divorced socialite who is prone to relapses. Pressly announced her pregnancy in June 2017. The writers incorporated her pregnancy in Season 5 as a weight gain, much like Jane Leeves' character Daphne Moon in Frasier.
Beth Hall as Wendy Harris (recurring season 2, main cast season 3–present):[10] A member of the AA group, who constantly cries. She is a registered nurse and a member of Mensa.
William Fichtner as Adam Janikowski (recurring season 3, main cast season 4–present):[11] Bonnie's latest love interest and later fiancé, a former stuntman whom she met over the phone after he dialed the wrong number. He is unable to walk and uses a wheelchair.

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Octavia Spencer as Regina Tompkins (seasons 1–3): A fellow AA member and money manager who embezzled from her clients and is now facing a prison sentence. While a close if questionable friend to Christy, Regina and Bonnie typically hold each other in contempt, but beneath the surface they bear some affection for each other. In the middle of season 2, she is given early parole and becomes a born-again Christian, eventually moving in with Jill. Regina drifts apart from her friends after she decides she is no longer an alcoholic, essentially choosing wine over her friends, and struggles alone with the dissonance after moving into her own apartment and out of Jill's mansion.
Kevin Pollak as Alvin Lester Biletnikoff (seasons 1–2): Christy's father and Bonnie's ex-boyfriend who abandoned them when Christy was born. When Christy found Alvin he was married with two sons; despite that he loves Christy and does what he can to be in her life and help out, including fixing up a used car to give her and attempting to reach out to her children as a grandparent. He and Bonnie initially treated each other with contempt and hatred over the various mistakes each of them has made in their past, but they rekindled their relationship after his wife left him and he survived a heart attack. In season 2, Alvin suffers a fatal, second heart attack while in bed with Bonnie, and dies.
Courtney Henggeler as Claudia (seasons 1–3): Gabriel's wealthy and snobbish ex-wife, who has taken over the restaurant from him and briefly appointed Christy as manager.
Reggie de Leon as Paul (seasons 1–3, 5): Chef Rudy's silent and often submissive sous-chef.
Mary Pat Gleason as Mary (season 1–present): A fellow AA member who is frequently interrupted by Bonnie when she shares her problems with the group.
Don McManus as Steve Casper (seasons 1–4): A fellow AA member, Steve is a competent but creepy lawyer and occasionally aids Christy, who becomes his intern and trainee in season 2. He has a casual sex relationship with Bonnie in season 3.
Sara Rue as Candace Hayes (seasons 2–4): Baxter's wealthy new wife, under whose influence he has reformed. She delivers many subtle jabs at Christy's poverty and seems to be trying to force Christy aside to replace her as Roscoe's mother. The hostility becomes much more obvious in season 3, when Candace's wealthy father Fred (Harry Hamlin), starts dating Christy and Candace accuses Christy of only being with him for his money.
Jonny Coyne as Victor Perugian (season 2–present): Christy's Armenian former landlord who becomes attracted to Marjorie, marrying her in season 3. In season 5, he suffered a stroke.
Amy Hill as Beverly Tarantino (season 2–present): A tenant in the apartment building where Christy and Bonnie live; she dislikes Bonnie and is always trying to get her fired from the manager position.
Charlie Robinson as Mr. Munson (season 2–present): A blind tenant in the apartment building where Christy and Bonnie live.
David Krumholtz as Gregory Munchnik (seasons 2–3): Violet's older ex-fiancé, a psychology professor at the college she attends.
Emily Osment as Jodi Hubbard (season 3): A young drug addict whom Christy and Bonnie try to help get sober. She later dies from a drug overdose.
Lauri Johnson as Beatrice (season 3–present): A waitress who works at the diner where the AA members usually go.
Leonard Roberts as Ray Stabler (season 4–present): Bonnie's half-brother who is a successful lawyer.
Julia Lester as Emily (seasons 4–5): Jill's teenage foster daughter.
Missi Pyle as Natasha (seasons 4–5): Emily's biological mother, an alcoholic whom Christy knows from her stripping days. Christy helps Natasha get sober and get custody of her daughter back.
Steven Weber as Patrick Janikowski (season 5): Adam's younger brother and Christy's love interest.
Yvette Nicole Brown as Nora Rogers (season 5): Christy's new sponsor, who works as a weather woman.

text: Notable guests[edit]

text:
Jon Cryer as himself (S01E01): a customer at the Rustic Fig.
Justin Long as Adam Henchy (S01E03, S01E06 and S01E08): Christy's love interest.
Ed Asner as Jack Bumgartner (S02E05): a tenant in the apartment building where Bonnie and Christy resides.
Beverly D'Angelo as Lorraine Biletnikoff (S02E09, S02E11 and S02E12): Alvin's ex-wife, who hates Christy and Bonnie.
Colin Hanks as Andy Dreeson (S02E09): Christy's potential love interest whose idea of a fun night isn’t exactly what she expected.
Ellen Burstyn as Shirley Stabler (S03E01): Bonnie's biological mother, who put her in foster care when she was very young.
June Squibb as Dottie (S03E01): a woman who, Christy thinks, might be the ideal grandmother.
Judy Greer as Michelle (S03E03): a sloppy drunk that Christy and Bonnie meet in a bar and try to help get sober.
Linda Lavin as Phyllis Munchnik (S03E07 and S03E21): Gregory's mother and Violet's would-be mother-in-law.
Harry Hamlin as Fred Hayes (S03E08 and S03E09): Candace's father and Christy's love interest.
Rosie O'Donnell as Jeanine (S03E10 and S04E02): an ex-girlfriend of Bonnie who she and Christy lived with. She and Christy maintain an aunt-niece relationship.
Joe Manganiello as Julian (S03E11): a newcomer to Alcoholics Anonymous who Christy takes under her wing.
Rhea Perlman as Anya Perugian (S03E12): Marjorie's armenian sister-in-law and Victor's sister.
Richard Schiff as Robert (S03E20): Bonnie's Communications Director in a White House dream that she had.
Bradley Whitford as Mitch (S04E09): Adam's friend who is a Hollywood director with a fondness for alcohol.
Nicole Sullivan as Leanne (S04E09): Mitch's hard-drinking wife.
Chris Pratt as Nick Banaszak (S04E11): a charming horseback riding instructor whom Christy decides to pursue, despite the fact he’s the nephew of Marjorie, who declared him off-limits. He is later revealed to share traits with John Steinbeck's character Lennie Small.
Wendie Malick as Danielle Janikowski (S04E15 and S04E16): Adam's ex-wife whose friendly relationship with him confounds Bonnie.
Michael Angarano as Cooper (S05E03 and S05E10): Christy's younger classmate at law school and love interest.
Kristin Chenoweth as Miranda (S05E14): Jill's inner strength advisor who met her at the latter's weight loss retreat.
Kristen Johnston as Tammy Diffendorf (S05E17): Bonnie's old acquaintance who is in jail.
Patti LuPone as Rita Gennaro (S05E19): the demanding new owner of the building that is managed by Bonnie.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

1
22
September 23, 2013 (2013-09-23)
April 14, 2014 (2014-04-14)
42
8.34[12]

2
22
October 30, 2014 (2014-10-30)
April 30, 2015 (2015-04-30)
26
11.79[13]

3
22
November 5, 2015 (2015-11-05)
May 19, 2016 (2016-05-19)
40
9.64[14]

4
22
October 27, 2016 (2016-10-27)
May 11, 2017 (2017-05-11)
29
9.43[15]

5
22
November 2, 2017 (2017-11-02)
May 10, 2018 (2018-05-10)
19
10.96[16]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Mom was one of the many projects that became a priority for CBS and Warner Bros when it was pitched in December 2012, in part due to Lorre's new four-year deal with Warner the previous September.[17] It was green-lit by CBS for a series order pickup on May 9, 2013.[18] This pickup also gives Lorre the distinction of having four sitcoms airing on one network starting in the 2013–14 season. The following week, the network announced that it would place the sitcom in the Monday night 9:30 pm (ET/PT) time slot following 2 Broke Girls.[19] However, after the cancelation of We Are Men, 2 Broke Girls was moved into the show's 8:30 pm slot, with repeats of The Big Bang Theory occupying the 9 pm lead-in time slot to Mom until the season debut of Mike & Molly on November 4, 2013. The show received a full first season order for 22 episodes on October 18, 2013.[20]

text: On March 13, 2014, CBS announced the second season renewal of Mom.[21] The series moved from Mondays at 9:30 PM to Thursdays at 8:30 PM for the first fourteen episodes until the series moved to Thursdays at 9:30 PM following The Odd Couple series premiere and the series finale of Two and a Half Men.[22][23]

text: By season three, the focus became more about Christy and Bonnie and their group from AA, while the restaurant set, the kids and Baxter roles were reduced significantly.

text: Casting[edit]

text: The series gives Faris, who had guest-starred in various television programs between her film projects and been sought after for other television projects (including a failed pilot called Blue Skies that was being produced for NBC), her first full-time television role, as she landed the part of the lead character, Christy, in January 2013.[24] On January 28, 2013, Janney was next to come aboard the project, playing Christy's mother.[25] Matt Jones and Spencer Daniels were added to the cast in February 2013, with Jones playing Christy's ex-husband, Baxter, and Daniels taking the role of Luke, the boyfriend of Christy's daughter, Violet.[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Time slot (ET)
Episodes
Premiered
Ended
TV season
Rank
Viewers
(million)

Date
Viewers
(million)
Date
Viewers
(million)

1
Mondays 9:30 pm
22
September 23, 2013
7.99[27]
April 14, 2014
6.86[28]
2013–14
42nd
8.34[29]

2
Thursday 8:30, 9:30, or 9:00 pm
October 30, 2014
11.13[30]
April 30, 2015
8.78[31]
2014–15
26th
11.79[13]

3
Thursdays 9:00 pm
November 5, 2015
7.28[32]
May 19, 2016
8.14[33]
2015–16
40th
9.64[14]

4
October 27, 2016
7.02[34]
May 11, 2017
8.12[35]
2016–17
29th
9.43[15]

5
November 2, 2017
8.46[36]
May 10, 2018
7.97[37]
2017–18
19th
10.96[16]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Mom has been met with consistently positive reviews, with much praise going towards its writing and performances of its cast, especially that of Allison Janney. The show received a Metacritic score of 65 out of 100 in its first season, based on reviews by 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[38] On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season was given a 67% approval rating based on 36 reviews and an average rating of 5.7 out of 10. The site's critical consensus states: "Anna Faris and Allison Janney share an undeniable comedic chemistry, and if the jokes are sometimes too crass, Mom represents a sincere (and often witty) attempt to address addiction issues."[39] Boston Herald critic, Mark A. Perigard gave a positive review, writing "This is dark material, yet Faris balances it with a genuine winsomeness, able to wring laughs out of the most innocuous lines." New York Magazine critic Matt Zoller Seitz praised the cast, calling it "just about perfect".

text: The second season was met with even more positive reviews. The show received a Metacritic score of 81 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".[40] On Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 100% based on 6 reviews and an average score of 8.5 out of 10.[41]

text: The third season was also met with positive reviews from critics, receiving a Metacritic score of 82 out of 100, indicating "universal acclaim".[42]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result

2014
People's Choice Award
Favorite New TV Comedy
Nominated

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Anna Faris
Nominated

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Allison Janney
Nominated

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Won

Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series
Mimi Kennedy
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Award
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Won

2015
People's Choice Award
Favorite Network TV Comedy
Nominated

72nd Golden Globe Awards[43]
Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Allison Janney
Nominated

Prism Awards
Performance in a Comedy Series
Anna Faris
Nominated

Allison Janney
Won

Comedy Series Episode or Multi-Episode Storyline
Nominated

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Comedy Series
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Won

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Won

2016
People's Choice Award
Favorite Network TV Comedy
Nominated

Favorite Comedic TV Actress
Anna Faris
Nominated

Critics' Choice Television Award
Best Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Nominated

Best Guest Performer in a Comedy Series
Ellen Burstyn
Nominated

Art Directors Guild Awards
Excellence in Production Design in a Multi-Camera Series
John Shaffner
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Nominated

Outstanding Cinematography for a Multi-Camera Series
Steven V. Silver
Nominated

Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series
Ben Bosse & Joseph Bella
Nominated

2017
People's Choice Award
Favorite Comedic TV Actress
Anna Faris
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series
Allison Janney
Nominated

Outstanding Multi-Camera Picture Editing for a Comedy Series
Joseph Bella
Nominated

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In Australia, Mom debuted on Nine Network on April 9, 2014.[44] In Canada, City airs the series simultaneously.[45][46] In Greece, Star Channel debut the series on 25 of October 2014.[47] In the United Kingdom, ITV2 debuted the show on January 20, 2014,[48] with season two debuting on March 2, 2015.[49] In India, Comedy Central has been broadcasting the series through 2015. In 2017, TV Land, FXX, CMT, and local broadcasting stations began airing past episodes.


document_title: Symphony No. 101 (Haydn)

question_text: which term best describes the tempo of the fourth movement of symphony no. 101 in d

text: Symphony No. 101 (Haydn)

text: Composition, premiere, and reception[edit]

text: Haydn completed the symphony in 1793 or 1794. He wrote it for the second of his two visits to London. Having heard one of his symphonies played in London with an orchestra of 300-strong, his Clock Symphony has that large scale grandeur written in it.[1] On 3 March 1794, the work was premiered with an orchestra of 60 personally gathered by Haydn's colleague and friend Johann Peter Salomon, who also acted as concertmaster, in the Hanover Square Rooms, as part of a concert series featuring Haydn's work organized by Salomon; a second performance took place a week later.[2]

text: As was generally true for the London symphonies, the response of the audience was very enthusiastic.[3] The Oracle reported that "the connoisseurs admit [it] to be his best work."[4] Additionally, the Morning Chronicle reported:

text: The work has always been popular and continues to appear frequently on concert programs and in recordings.[6] An average performance lasts about 27 minutes.

text: The music[edit]

text: It is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings.

text: The work is in standard four-movement form, as follows:

text:
Adagio, 3
4 (D minor) – Presto, 6
8 (D major)
Andante, 2
4 (G major)
Menuetto. Allegretto, 3
4 (D major)
Finale. Vivace, 2
2 (D major)

text: The opening movement starts with a minor introduction consisting of 23 measures. A rising scale motif opens the Adagio, similar to the opening of the main theme of the Presto, and connects the Adagio to the main movement.[7] The main theme of the Presto is meant to catch attention — the rising scale motif begins and ends on the dominant, and two broken chords follow — the tonic and the second degree minor, and ends on the tonic.[8] This phrase also consists of 10 bars, broken into two parts of an odd 1+4 bar distribution. After the main theme, this phrase returns and starts the modulation by the usage of the A diminished chord, leading to E minor, which finally leads to E major, the dominant of A major. The secondary theme, although more subtle than the primary theme, is very close to it, which makes this a monothematic exposition. A triumphant codetta concludes the exposition. The development begins with the secondary theme motif reoccurring in different instruments in counterpoint, and transitions into the different motifs of the main theme, also playing contrapuntally. The development turns toward conclusion with the secondary theme once more, and ends with a long falling scale. The recapitulation is straightforward, and the triumphant coda finishes this grand movement.[9] The Morning Chronicle said, "Nothing can be more original than the subject of the first movement, and having found a happy subject, no man knows like Haydn how to produce incessant variety, without once departing from it."[8]

text: The second movement, from which the symphony gets its name, begins with plucked strings and a bassoon.[10] Towards the middle of the movement, there is a dark, fierce passage in G minor, followed by Haydnesque humor and finally the clock theme once again. Michael Steinberg said, "Haydn has a gratifying number of different clocks in his shop, offering 'tick-tock' in a happy variety of colors."[11]

text: In 1793, Haydn had given his employer Prince Esterházy an elaborate musical clock, for which he wrote 12 short pieces, one of them being the basis for this movement.[12] The third movement, a minuet, is one of Haydn's longest.[13] The trio evokes a bungling village band, with more Haydnesque humor, similar to what Beethoven would use in the trio of his Pastoral Symphony.[14] Many scholars, publishers, and musicians, not knowing Haydn's humor, would often "correct" the trio.[15]

text: The finale of the work is a monothematic rondo-sonata.[16] This means that the main theme and the secondary theme are similar, or in this case, almost identical, and the main theme is played every time a theme ends. Haydn vastly changes the main theme with each occurrence — something that is not done in rondo works. Even the bridges in between themes are similar to the main theme.[9] Haydn also builds a fugue into the last movement.[17]