document_title: Vande Mataram

question_text: english translation of vande mataram was done by

text: Vande Mataram

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The root of the Sanskrit word Vande is Vand, which appears in Rigveda and other Vedic texts.[16][note 1] According to Monier Monier-Williams, depending on the context, vand means "to praise, celebrate, laud, extol, to show honour, do homage, salute respectfully", or "deferentially, venerate, worship, adore", or "to offer anything respectfully to".[16][17] The word Mātaram has Indo-European roots in mātár- (Sanskrit), méter (Greek), mâter (Latin) which mean "mother".[18][19]

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: Lyrics of the National Song[edit]

text: The first two verses of Vande Mataram adopted as the "National Song" read as follows:

text:
Bengali script[20]

Bengali phonemic transcription

Devnagari script

NLK transliteration[9][21]

বন্দে মাতরম্৷
সুজলাং সুফলাং
মলয়জশীতলাম্
শস্যশ্যামলাং
মাতরম্!
বন্দে মাতরম্৷.

শুভ্র-জ্যোৎস্না
পুলকিত-যামিনীম্
ফুল্লকুসুমিত
দ্রুমদলশোভিনীম্,
সুহাসিনীং
সুমধুরভাষিণীম্
সুখদাং বরদাং
মাতরম্৷৷
বন্দে মাতরম্৷

bônde matôrôm
sujôlang suphôlang
môlôyôjôshitôlam
shôsyô shyamôlang
matôrôm
bônde matôrôm

shubhrô jyotsna
pulôkitô jaminim
phullô kusumitô
drumôdôlôshobhinim
suhasining
sumôdhurôbhashini
sukhôdang bôrôdang
matôrôm
bônde matôrôm

वन्दे मातरम्।
सुजलाम् सुफलाम्
मलयजशीतलाम्
शस्यश्यामला मातरम्।
वन्दे मातरम्।

शुभ्रज्योत्स्नाम्
पुलकितयामिनीम्
फुल्लकुसुमित
द्रुमदलशोभिनीम्
सुहासिनीम्
सुमधुर भाषिणीम्
सुखदाम् वरदाम्
मातरम्।।
वन्दे मातरम्।

vande mātaram
sujalāṃ suphalāṃ
malayajaśītalām
śasya śyāmalāṃ
mātaram
vande mātaram

śubhra jyotsnā
pulakita yāminīm
phulla kusumita
drumadalaśobhinīm
suhāsinīṃ
sumadhura bhāṣiṇīm
sukhadāṃ varadāṃ
mātaram
vande mātaram

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: The complete original lyrics of the Vande Mataram is available at   Vande Mataram. Wikisource. .

text:
বন্দে মাতরম্ (Bengali Script)

Latin transliteration (ISO 15919)

वन्दे मातरम् (Devanagari transliteration)

বন্দে মাতরম্ ৷
সুজলাং সুফলাং
মলয়জশীতলাম্
শস্যশ্যামলাং
মাতরম্ !

শুভ্র-জ্যোত্স্না-পুলকিত-যামিনীম্
ফুল্লকুসুমিত-দ্রুমদলশোভিনীম্,
সুহাসিনীং সুমধুরভাষিণীম্
সুখদাং বরদাং মাতরম্ ৷৷

সপ্তকোটীকন্ঠ-কল-কল-নিনাদকরালে,
দ্বিসপ্তকোটীভুজৈধৃতখরকরবালে,
অবলা কেন মা এত বলে !
বহুবলধারিণীং
নমামি তরিণীং
রিপুদলবারিণীং
মাতরম্ ৷

তুমি বিদ্যা তুমি ধর্ম্ম[a]
তুমি হৃদি তুমি মর্ম্ম[b]
ত্বং হি প্রাণাঃ শরীরে ৷
বাহুতে তুমি মা শক্তি,
হৃদয়ে তুমি মা ভক্তি,
তোমারই প্রতিমা গড়ি মন্দিরে মন্দিরে ৷

ত্বং হি দুর্গা দশপ্রহরণধারিণী
কমলা কমল-দলবিহারিণী
বাণী বিদ্যাদায়িণী
নমামি ত্বাং
নমামি কমলাম্
অমলাং অতুলাম্,
সুজলাং সুফলাং
মাতরম্

বন্দে মাতরম্
শ্যামলাং সরলাং
সুস্মিতাং ভূষিতাম্
ধরণীং ভরণীম্
মাতরম্ ৷

Bandē[c] Mātaram.
Sujalāṁ suphalāṁ
Malaẏajaśītalām
Śasyaśyāmalāṁ
Mātaram.

Śubhra-jyōtsnā-pulakita-yāminīm
Phullakusumita-drumadalaśōbhinīm,
Suhāsinīṁ sumadhurabhāṣinīm
Sukhadāṁ baradāṁ[d] Mātaram.

Saptakōṭīkanṭha-kala-kala-ninādakarālē
Dbisaptakōṭībhujaidhr̥takharakarabālē[e],
Abalā[f] kēna mā ēta balē[g]!
Bahubaladhārinīṁ[h]
Namāmi tarinīṁ
Ripudalabārinīṁ[i]
Mātaram.

Tumi bidyā[j] tumi dharmma[k]
Tumi hr̥di tumi marmma[l]
Tbaṁ[m] hi prānāḥ śarīrē.
Bāhutē[n] tumi mā śakti,
Hr̥daẏē tumi mā bhakti,
Tōmārai pratimā gaṛi mandirē mandirē.

Tbaṁ[o] hi Durgā daśapraharanadhārinī
Kamalā kamala-dalabihārinī
Bānī[p] bidyādāẏinī[q]
Namāmi tbaṁ[r]
Namāmi kamalām
Amalāṁ atulām,
Sujalāṁ suphalāṁ
Mātaram

Bandē[s] Mātaram
Śyāmalāṁ saralāṁ
Susmitāṁ bhūṣitām
Dharanīṁ bharanīm
Mātaram.

वन्दे मातरम्
सुजलां सुफलाम्
मलयजशीतलाम्
शस्यश्यामलाम्
मातरम्।

शुभ्रज्योत्स्नापुलकितयामिनीम्
फुल्लकुसुमितद्रुमदलशोभिनीम्
सुहासिनीं सुमधुर भाषिणीम्
सुखदां वरदां मातरम्।।

सप्त-कोटि-कण्ठ-कल-कल-निनाद-कराले
द्विसप्त-कोटि-भुजैर्धृत-खरकरवाले,
अबला केन मा एत बले।
बहुबलधारिणीं
नमामि तारिणीं
रिपुदलवारिणीं
मातरम्।।

तुमि विद्या, तुमि धर्म
तुमि हृदि, तुमि मर्म
त्वम् हि प्राणा: शरीरे
बाहुते तुमि मा शक्ति,
हृदये तुमि मा भक्ति,
तोमारई प्रतिमा गडी मन्दिरे-मन्दिरे।।

त्वम् हि दुर्गा दशप्रहरणधारिणी
कमला कमलदलविहारिणी
वाणी विद्यादायिनी,
नमामि त्वाम्
नमामि कमलाम्
अमलां अतुलाम्
सुजलां सुफलाम्
मातरम्।।

वन्दे मातरम्
श्यामलाम् सरलाम्
सुस्मिताम् भूषिताम्
धरणीं भरणीं
मातरम्।।

text: Translation[edit]

text: The first translation of Bankim Chandra Chatterji's novel Anandamath, including the poem Vande Mataram, into English was by Nares Chandra Sen-Gupta, with the fifth edition published in 1906 titled "The Abbey of Bliss".[22]

text: Here is the translation in prose of the above two stanzas rendered by Sri Aurobindo Ghosh. This has also been adopted by the Government of India's national portal.[9] The original Vande Mataram consists of six stanzas and the translation in prose for the complete poem by Shri Aurobindo appeared in Karmayogin, 20 November 1909.[23]

text:
Mother, I praise thee!
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
bright with orchard gleams,
Cool with thy winds of delight,
Dark fields waving Mother of might,
Mother free.

Glory of moonlight dreams,
Over thy branches and lordly streams,
Clad in thy blossoming trees,
Mother, giver of ease
Laughing low and sweet!
Mother I kiss thy feet,
Speaker sweet and low!
Mother, to thee I praise thee. [Verse 1]

Who hath said thou art weak in thy lands
When the swords flash out in seventy million hands
And seventy million voices roar
Thy dreadful name from shore to shore?
With many strengths who art mighty and stored,
To thee I call Mother and Lord!
Thou who savest, arise and save!
To her I cry who ever her foeman drove
Back from plain and Sea
And shook herself free. [Verse 2]

Thou art wisdom, thou art law,
Thou art heart, our soul, our breath
Thou art love divine, the awe
In our hearts that conquers death.
Thine the strength that nerves the arm,
Thine the beauty, thine the charm.
Every image made divine
In our temples is but thine. [Verse 3]

Thou art Durga, Lady and Queen,
With her hands that strike and her swords of sheen,
Thou art Lakshmi lotus-throned,
And the Muse a hundred-toned,
Pure and perfect without peer,
Mother lend thine ear,
Rich with thy hurrying streams,
Bright with thy orchard gleems,
Dark of hue O candid-fair [Verse 4]

In thy soul, with bejeweled hair
And thy glorious smile divine,
Loveliest of all earthly lands,
Showering wealth from well-stored hands!
Mother, mother mine!
Mother sweet, I praise thee,
Mother great and free! [Verse 5]

text: Apart from the above prose translation, Sri Aurobindo also translated Vande Mataram into a verse form known as Mother, I praise thee!.[24] Sri Aurobindo commented on his English translation of the poem that "It is difficult to translate the National Song of India into verse in another language owing to its unique union of sweetness, simple directness and high poetic force."[25]

text: Translation into other languages[edit]

text: Vande Mataram has inspired many Indian poets and has been translated into numerous Indian languages, such as Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, Malayalam, Assamese, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Punjabi and others.[26][note 2]

text: History and significance[edit]

text: Composition[edit]

text: Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay was one of the earliest graduates of the newly established Calcutta University. After his BA, he joined the British Indian government as a civil servant, becoming a District Magistrate and later a District Collector. Chattopadhyay was very interested in recent events in Indian and Bengali history, particularly the Revolt of 1857 and the previous century's Sanyasi Rebellion.[28] Around the same time, the administration was trying to promote "God Save the Queen" as the anthem for Indian subjects, which Indian nationalists disliked. It is generally believed that the concept of Vande Mataram came to Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay when he was still a government official, around 1876.[29] He wrote Vande Mataram at Chuchurah, there is a white colour house of Adhya Family near river Hooghly (near Mallik Ghat).[citation needed]

text:
Chattopadhyay wrote the poem in a spontaneous session using words from Sanskrit and Bengali. The poem was published in Chattopadhyay's book Anandamatha (pronounced Anondomôţh in Bengali) in 1882, which is set in the events of the Sannyasi Rebellion.[28][29]
Jadunath Bhattacharya was asked to set a tune for this poem just after it was written.[29]

text: Indian independence movement[edit]

text: "Vande Mataram" was the whole nation's thought and motto for independence [from British rule] during the Indian independence movement. Large rallies, fermenting initially in Bengal, in the major metropolis of Calcutta, would work themselves up into a patriotic fervour by shouting the slogan "Vande Mataram", or "I praise the Mother(land)!" The British, fearful of the potential danger of an incited Indian populace, banned the book and made the recital of the song a crime.[11] The British colonial government imprisoned many independence activists for disobeying the order, but workers and general public repeatedly violated the ban many times by gathering together before British officials and singing it.[11] Rabindranath Tagore sang Vande Mataram in 1896 at the Calcutta Congress Session held at Beadon Square. Dakhina Charan Sen sang it five years later in 1901 at another session of the Congress at Calcutta. Poet Sarala Devi Chaudurani sang the song in the Benares Congress Session in 1905. Lala Lajpat Rai started a journal called Vande Mataram from Lahore.[29] Hiralal Sen made India's first political film in 1905 which ended with the chant. Matangini Hazra's last words as she was shot to death by the Crown police were Vande Mataram.[30]

text: In 1907, Bhikaiji Cama (1861–1936) created the first version of India's national flag (the Tiranga) in Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907. It had Vande Mataram written on it in the middle band.[31]

text: A book titled Kranti Geetanjali published by Arya Printing Press (Lahore) and Bharatiya Press (Dehradun) in 1929 contains first two stanzas of this lyric on page 11[32] as Matra Vandana and a ghazal (Vande Mataram) composed by Bismil was also given on its back, i.e. page 12.[33] The book written by the famous martyr of Kakori Pandit Ram Prasad Bismil was proscribed by the then British government of India.

text: Mahatama Gandhi supported adoption and the singing of the Vande Mataram song. In January 1946, in a speech in Gauhati (Assam), he urged that "Jai Hind should not replace Vande-mataram". He reminded everyone present that Vande-mataram was being sung since the inception of the Congress. He supported the "Jai Hind" greeting, but remanded that this greeting should not be to the exclusion of Vande Mataram. Gandhi was concerned that those who discarded Vande Mataram given the tradition of sacrifice behind it, one day would discard “Jai Hind” also.[34][note 3]

text: Adoption as "national song"[edit]

text: Parts of the Vande Mataram was chosen as the "national song" in 1937 by the Indian National Congress as it pursued independence of India from the British colonial rule, after a committee consisting of Maulana Azad, Jawaharlal Nehru, Subhash Bose, Acharya Deva and Rabrindanath Tagore recommended the adoption.[36] The entire song was not selected by Hindu leaders in order to respect the sentiments of non-Hindus, and the gathering agreed that anyone should be free to sing an alternate "unobjectionable song" at a national gathering if they do not want to sing Vande Mataram because they find it "objectionable" for a personal reason.[36] According to the gathered leaders, including the Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore, though the first two stanzas began with an unexceptionable evocation of the beauty of the motherland, in later stanzas there are references to the Hindu goddess Durga. The Muslim League and Muhammad Ali Jinnah opposed the song. Thereafter, with the support of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawahar Lal Nehru, the Indian National Congress decided to adopt only the first two stanzas as the national song to be sung at public gatherings, and other verses that included references to Durga and Lakshmi were expunged.[2][37]

text: Rajendra Prasad, who was presiding the Constituent Assembly on 24 January 1950, made the following statement which was also adopted as the final decision on the issue:

text: ...The composition consisting of words and music known as Jana Gana Mana is the National Anthem of India, subject to such alterations as the Government may authorise as occasion arises, and the song Vande Mataram, which has played a historic part in the struggle for Indian freedom, shall be honoured equally with Jana Gana Mana and shall have equal status with it. (Applause) I hope this will satisfy members.

text: However, the Supreme Court of India has declared that there is no national song of India as per the Constitution.[38]

text: Performances and interpretations[edit]

text: The poem has been set to a large number of tunes. The oldest surviving audio recordings date to 1907, and there have been more than a hundred different versions recorded throughout the 20th century. Many of these versions have employed traditional South Asian classical ragas. Versions of the song have been visualised on celluloid in a number of films, including Leader, Amar Asha, and Anand Math. It is widely believed that the tune set for All India Radio station version was composed by Ravi Shankar.[29] Hemant Kumar composed music for the song in the movie Anand Math in 1952 and this version of the Vande Mataram sung by Lata Mangeshkar became a cult success.[39] In 2002, BBC World Service conducted an international poll to choose ten most famous songs of all time. Around 7000 songs were selected from all over the world. Vande Mataram, from the movie Anand Math, was ranked second.[40] All India Radio's version and some other versions are in Desh raga.[41]

text: In July 2017, the Madras High Court ruled that the Vande Mataram shall be sung or played at least once a week in all schools, universities and other educational institutions of Tamil Nadu. The Court also ruled that the song should be played or sung in government offices and industrial facilities at least once a month.[42]


document_title: International rankings of India

question_text: what is the rank of indian education in the world

root

text: International rankings of India

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Population
2/ 221
CIA World Factbook[1]
Estimated Population(July 2017) 1,281,935,911

Population Density
33 / 246
Economist Intelligence Unit
2017 - 403 people per km2

Fertility rate
103 / 210
Population Reference Bureau
2016 - 2.3

Net migration (rate)
85 / 194
World Bank
2012 - 2.06 per thousand

Net migrants
2 / 194
World Bank
2012 - 2,598,218 emigrated

Health

Life expectancy
125 / 183
World Health Organization
2015 - 68.3 years

Infant Mortality
113 / 223
CIA
2016 est - 40.5 per 1000

Ethnic and cultural diversity
88 / 215
Alesina et al[2]
2003

Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus
2 / 194
World Health Organization
2016 (69.2 of 422 million diagnosed adult diabetics, live in India)

Cigarette consumption
7 / 185
tobaccoatlas.org
2014[3]

Cigarette consumption per capita
159 / 185
tobaccoatlas.org
2014

Alcohol consumption per capita
119 / 191
World Health Organization
2014

Global Hunger Index
97 / 119
International Food Policy Research Institute
2018

Suicide rate
41 / 106
World Health Organization

Health Expenditure per capita (PPP)
140 / 190
World Health Organization
2014 - $267 (inflation-adjusted 2011 dollars)

Height

Average Height - male
90/ 101
averageheight.co
2016 - 1.647m

Average Height - female
45 / 103
averageheight.co
2016 - 1.612m

Education

Literacy rate
168 / 234
UNESCO Institute for Statistics
2015 - 72.1%

Human capital
103 / 130
WEF - The Global Human capital Report
2017[4]

Education Index
145 / 191
United Nations
2013

Programme for International Student Assessment
72 to 74 / 74
OECD
2009

Languages

Linguistic diversity index
14 / 232
SIL International
2017

Official languages
2 / 41

22 Official languages

English-speaking population
2 / 133
Census of India
10.35% (125,226,449) English speakers out of 1,210,000,000 eligible population

tag: table

text: Society[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Happiness

World Happiness Report
133 / 155
United Nations
2018 report[5]

Happy Planet Index
50 / 140
New Economics Foundation
2016 - Score 29.2[6]

Aggregate metrics

Human Development Index
131 / 188
United Nations
2016 report - score 0.624

Inequality-adjusted HDI
97 / 151
UNDP
2016 report - score 0.454

Social Progress Index
93 / 128
Social Progress Imperative
2017 - score 58.39

Where-to-be-born Index
66 / 80
Economist Intelligence Unit
2013 - score 5.67

Legatum Prosperity Index
104 / 149
Legatum
2016[7]

Global Youth Development Index
134 / 183
Global Youth Development Index
2016

List of countries by homeless population
8 / 52
Business Standard
2011 - 1,770,000 homeless

Urbanization by country
161 / 199
CIA The World Factbook
2015 est

Estimated number of guns per capita by country
107 / 175
Small Arms Survey
2007 - 4.2 guns per 100 residents

Gender

Global Gender Gap Report
87 / 144
World Economic Forum
2018[8]

Gender Inequality Index
125 / 188
UNDP
2015 - value: 0.530 - female Labour force participation rate: 26.8%[9]

State of the World's Mothers report
73 / 77
Save the Children
2010[10][11]

Crime

Intentional homicides
2 / 219
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
2015 - 41,623 Intentional homicides

Global Slavery Index
4 / 167
Walk Free Foundation
2016 - 18,354,700 living in modern slavery[12]

text: Economy[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Product

GDP growth rate
15 / 225
CIA The World Factbook[13]
2017-18 - 6.7%

Nominal GDP
6 / 181
International Monetary Fund
2017-18 - 2.611 trillion

GDP (PPP)
3 / 181
International Monetary Fund
2017-18 - 9.459 trillion

Per capita GDP
139 / 187
International Monetary Fund
2017-18 - $1,983

tax revenue to GDP ratio
109 / 180
The Heritage Foundation
2015 - 17.7% of GDP

Trade

Imports
12 / 222
CIA The World Factbook
2017 est - $426,800,000,000

Exports
21 / 222
CIA The World Factbook
2017 est - $299,300,000,000

Received FDI
31 / 115
CIA The World Factbook
2017 est - $156,100,000,000

Wealth

Number of Billionaires
3 / 71
Forbes
2018 - 131

Gold reserve
10 / 18
World Gold Council
2017 June - 557.8 tonnes

Public debt
82 / 189
CIA The World Factbook
2016 est - 52.3% GDP NET / 41.11% GDP Gross

Foreign-Exchange reserves
8 / 193

2017 Sept

Income

Minimum wages
124 / 156

2017 - $743/yr (Bihar)

GNI nominal
9 / 15
World Bank
2016 - value $2,027,964,000,000

GNI PPP
3 / 15
World Bank
2016 - value $8,594,226,000,000 international dollars

GNI (PPP) per capita
124 / 179
World Bank
2015 - $6,030 international dollars

Employment

Unemployment rate
103 / 217
CIA The World Factbook[14]
2016 - 8% unemployment

Employment rate
42 / 47
OECD
2012 - 53.3% of 15-64 year olds in employment

Business environment

Globalization Index
107 / 184
ETHZ KOF Index of Globalization [1]
2017

World Competitiveness Yearbook scoreboard
45 / 63
IMD International [2]
2017

Global Resilience Index
60 / 130
FM Global
2017[15] [3]

Index of Economic Freedom
123 / 178
The Wall Street Journal [4]
2016

Quality-of-life index
43 / 56
Economist Intelligence Unit [5]
2017

Ease of doing business index
100 / 190
World Bank Group
2017

Global Competitiveness Index
40 / 137
World Economic Forum [6]
2017-2018

Index of Economic Freedom
128 / 178
The Heritage Foundation and The Wall Street Journal
2016

Economic Freedom of the World
95 / 157
Fraser Institute
2015 - score 6.63

Financial Development Index
51 / 183
IMF
2016

Technology

IT industry competitiveness index
18 / 66
BSA Global Index [7]
2016

ICT Development Index
134 / 176
International Telecommunication Union
2017[16]

Global Innovation Index
57 / 130
Global Innovation Index
2018

Space Competitiveness Index
6 / 15
Futron Corporation,
2013

Networked Readiness Index
91 / 139
World Economic Forum
2016 - Score 3.8[17]

Passengers carried in rail transport
2 / 86
International Union of Railways
2016[18][19] - 8.224 billion passengers

Longest Railway platforms
1 / 5
The Times of India

rail transport network size
3 / 149
International Union of Railways
2015 - 68,525 km

Traffic-related deaths
2 / 180
WHO
2013 - 238,562 deaths

Vehicles per capita
84 / 163

2015 - 0.167 per capita, 55,725,543 total

Industry

Electricity production
3 / 209
BP
2016 - 1,400,800

Steel production
3 / 38
World Steel Association
2016 - 95.6 million metric tons

text: Communications[edit]

text: Following rankings involving technological advances in communication are taken from the CIA World Factbook.[20]

tag: p

text:
List

World rank

Source

Demographics (est.)

Telephone Lines in Use
12 / 218
CIA The World Factbook
2014 - 27 million est. (2017 Aug - 23.77 million[21])

Mobile Phones in Use
1 / 222

908,358,714 million lines (74.71% density) for 1.2 billion population as of August 2012959825*851*8*/4
6546+5+8165466

Internet users (pct of population)
127 / 191
ITU estimate
2015 - 26%

4G LTE penetration
15 / 75
OpenSignal
2017 - 81.56%

Internet connection speeds
89 / 149
Akamai Technologies
2017 Q1 - Average 6.5Mbit/s[22]

Television broadcast stations
4 / 233

2016 - 857 licensed stations

text: Sport[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Cricket - men's
1 / 10
International Cricket Council
2017 Nov

Cricket - women's
3 / 10
International Cricket Council
2017 Oct

Kabaddi - men's
1/12
IKF
2017

Field Hockey - men's
6 / 91
International Hockey Federation
2017

Field Hockey - women's
10 / 74
International Hockey Federation
2017

Football - men's
97 / 206
FIFA
april 2018

Football - women's
56 / 177
FIFA
2017

Rugby Union - men's
77 / 103
World Rugby
2017

Chess - men's
5 / 173
FIDE
2017[23]

Chess - women's
7 / 142
FIDE
2017[23]

Olympic Gold Medals
48= / 151
IOC
2016 - 9 Golds from 33 Games (24 - Summer, 9 - Winter)

Olympic Medals
60= / 151
IOC
2016 - 28 medals from 33 Games (24 - Summer, 9 - Winter)

Paralympic Gold Medals
64= / 122
IOC
2016 - 4 Golds from 11 Games (11 - Summer, 0 - Winter)

Paralympic Medals
71 / 122
IOC
2016 - 12 medals from 11 Games (11 - Summer, 0 - Winter)

text: Entertainment[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Film productions
1 / 15
UNESCO
2015

Cinema box office
4 / 15
MPAA
2016 - $1.9bn

Cinema admissions
1 / 10
European Audiovisual Observatory
2013 - 9,164,000,000

text: Politics[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Corruption Perceptions Index
81 / 180
Transparency International
2016[24]

Press Freedom Index
138 / 180
Reporters Without Borders
2018[25]

Soft power
24 / 25
Monocle
2016-17[26]

Rule of Law Index
66 / 113
World Justice Project
2016

Democracy Index
42 / 167
Economist Intelligence Unit
2017 - score 7.23 - Flawed democracy

Democracy Ranking
65 / 112
democracyranking.org
2014-2015

Corporate Governance
20 / 38
GMI Ratings
2010

E-Government
107 / 192
UN
2016 - score 0.4638[27]

text: Military[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Military expenditure
5 / 186
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
2016 - $55.9bn or 2.5% of GDP[28]

Military Strength
5 / 20
Credit Suisse
2015

Active troops
2 / 171
International Institute for Strategic Studies
1,395,100 active troops (1.1 active troops per 1000 capita)

Total troops
4 / 171
International Institute for Strategic Studies
4,941,600 total troops (3.9 troops per 1000 capita)

Composite Index of National Capability
3 / 193
National power
2003 - score 0.073444

Overseas Bases
5 / 10

4 overseas bases

text: Awards[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Academy Award nominations - Foreign Language Film
33 / 125
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
3 nominations, from 50 submissions

Nobel laureates
24= / 76
Nobel Prize
3 Indian Citizens, at the time they were made a Nobel laureate: Mother Teresa (Peace), Amartya Sen (Economics), Kailash Satyarthi (Peace), two British Indian subjects: Rabindranath Tagore (Literature), and C. V. Raman (Physics), along with two Indian born British subjects: Rudyard Kipling (Literature), Ronald Ross (Medicine), have received the honour.

Turing Award
6= / 13
Association for Computing Machinery
Indian-American Raj Reddy, became first person of Asian origin to receive the ACM Turing Award, in 1994, for his work in the field of Artificial Intelligence.

text: Environment[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Source

Notes

Carbon dioxide emissions by country
8 / 214
United Nations Statistics Division
2010

Carbon dioxide emissions per capita
145 / 214
United Nations Statistics Division
2009

Climate Change Performance Index
31 / 61

2015

Environmental Performance Index
141 / 180
Yale Center for Environmental Law & Policy
2016

Environment Democracy Index
20 / 70
World Resources Institute
[29]

Air Quality - average PM 2.5 concentration
84 / 92
WHO[30]
2014 - 60.6 µg/m3[31]

Freshwater withdrawal
1 / 170
CIA World Factbook
2008 - 645.84 km³/year

Irrigated land area
2 / 221
CIA World Factbook
2012 - 667,000 km²

text: Geography[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking/Total Countries

Notes

Total Area
7/233
All  Over India 32,87,364 km2
(1,222,559 sq mile) including land and water

Length of coastline
18/196
7,000 km coastline with 2.00 coast/area ratio (m/km sq). According to the Indian naval hydrographic charts, the mainland coastline consists of the following: 43% sandy beaches; 11% rocky shores, including cliffs; and 46% mudflats or marshy shores.

text: Agriculture, Fisheries and Live Stock[edit]

text:
Field
Rank
Date

Apple Production, output of 2,203,000 tons
5
2013

Bananas Production, output of 29,800,000 metric tons
1
2013

Bean Production, output of 4,870,000 tons
1
2010

Buffalo, milk output of 56,960,000 tons
1
2008

Black Pepper, 19% of world output
2
2008

Cauliflowers and Broccoli Production, output of 5,014,500 tons
2
2008

Cardamom Production, output of 15 thousand metric tons
2
2012

Cashew Apple Production, output of 613,000 metric tons
2
2010

Chicken Population, output of 648,830,000
5
2004

Chickpea Production, output of 5,970,000 tons
1
2008

Coconut Production, output of 10,824,100
3
2010

Coffee Production, output of 300,300,000 kg
6
2011

Cotton Production, output of 27.0 million bales
2
2011

Cow Numbers, 281,700,000 cows
1
2009

Fish Production, output of 6,318,887 tons (capture 3,481,136 & aquaculture 2,837,751)
3
2005

Garlic Production, output of 833,970 tons
2
2010

Ginger Production, output of 380,100 tons
1
2008

Goat Numbers, 125,700,000 goats
2
2008

Goat Milk Production, output of 4,000,000 metric tons
1
2008

Goat Meat Production, output of 480,000 metric tons
2
2008

Jute Production, output of 17,43,000 tons
1
2008

Lemon & Lime Production, output of 2,060,000 tons
1
2007

Lentil Production, 950,000 tons
2
2009

Mango Production, output of 16,340,000 tons
1
2011

Millet Production, output of 8,810,000 tons
1
2009

Milk Production, output of 110,040,000 metric tons (cow milk 50.3 million metric tons)
2
2018

Onion Production, output of 13,372,100 metric tons
2
2010

Orange Production, output of 5,000,000 tons
3
2010

Peanut Production, output of 6.25 metric tons
2
2009

Pineapple Production, output of 1,341,000 tons
7
2010

Potato Production, output of 36,600,000 metric tons
2
2010

Rice Production, output of 120,600,000 metric tons
1
2015-16

Saffron Production, output of 2,300 kg
3
2005

Sheep Stock, output of 65,000,000
3
2008

Silk Production, output of 77,000,000 kg
2
2005

Sorghum Production, output of 7,900,000 metric tons
3
2008

Soybean Production, output of 9.8 metric tons
5
2010

Sugarcane Production, output of 285,029,000 tons
2
2009

Sweet Potato Production, output of 1,100,000 tons
7
2009

Tea Production, output of 991,180 metric tons
2
2010

Tomato Production, output of 11,979,700 tons
3
2010

Wheat Production, output of 80.7 million metric tons
2
2010

text: Cities[edit]

text: UN World's Largest Morphological Cities ranking(physically contiguous urban area) ranks

tag: ul

text:
City
Rank

bangalore
1

text: List of cities with the most high-rise buildings above 35 meters has following Indian cities: Mumbai 12th with 2480 buildings, Chennai 35th with 689 buildings, Kolkata 40th with 594 buildings, Pune 47th with 510 buildings, Bangalore 53rd with 460 buildings.

text:
City
Rank
Buildings

Mumbai
4
7053

Chennai
35
689

Kolkata
40
594

Pune
47
510

text: List of cities with most skyscrapers above meters ranks Mumbai behind Dubai.

text:
City
Rank
Buildings

Mumbai
1
2

text:
Globalization and World Cities Study Group and Network (GaWC), Loughborough University listed Mumbai, New Delhi & Bangalore as emerging world city[32]
List of most polluted cities by particulate matter concentration

text: Religion[edit]

text:
List

INDIA Ranking

Source

Notes

Hindu
1st
2011 Census of India[33]
2011 - 966,257,353 (India: 79.80%, World: )

Muslim
3rd
2011 Census of India
2011 - 172,245,158 (India: 14.23%, World: 9.57%) [34]

Christian
22nd
2011 Census of India
2011 - 27,819,588 (India: 2.30%, World: 1.16%)

Sikh
1st
2011 Census of India
2011 - 20,833,116 (India: 1.72%, World: 90.02%)

Buddhist
9th
2011 Census of India
2011 - 8,442,972 (India: 0.70%, World: 63%)

Jain
1st
2011 Census of India
2011 - 4,451,753 (India: 0.37%, World: 64%)[35]

Zoroastrian
1st
2011 Census of India
2001 - 69,000 (India: 0.006%, World: 50%)

Bahá'í Faith
-
2011 Census of India
2011 - 4,572 (India: 0.0%, World: 0.0%)


document_title: List of most-viewed YouTube videos

question_text: what is the most watched video on youtube of all time

text: List of most-viewed YouTube videos

text: Top videos[edit]

text: The following table lists the top 100 most viewed videos on YouTube, with each total rounded to the nearest 10 million views, as well as the creator and date of publication to YouTube.[B]

text:
Top 100 most-viewed YouTube videos[14][15]

Rank

Video name

Uploader / artist

Views (billions)

Upload date

Notes

1.
"Despacito"[16]
Luis Fonsi featuring Daddy Yankee
5.41
January 12, 2017
[C]

2.
"See You Again"[21]
Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth
3.70
April 6, 2015
[D]

3.
"Shape of You"[28]
Ed Sheeran
3.69
January 30, 2017
[E]

4.
"Masha and the Bear: Recipe for Disaster"[29]
Get Movies
3.22
January 31, 2012
[F]

5.
"Gangnam Style"[30]
Psy
3.19
July 15, 2012
[G]

6.
"Uptown Funk"[35]
Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
3.17
November 19, 2014
[H]

7.
"Sorry"[36]
Justin Bieber
2.98
October 22, 2015

8.
"Sugar"[37]
Maroon 5
2.71
January 14, 2015

9.
"Shake It Off"[38]
Taylor Swift
2.62
August 18, 2014

10.
"Roar"[39]
Katy Perry
2.59
September 5, 2013

11.
"Bailando"[40]
Enrique Iglesias featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente De Zona
2.55
April 11, 2014

12.
"Thinking Out Loud"[41]
Ed Sheeran
2.43
October 7, 2014

13.
"Dark Horse"[42]
Katy Perry featuring Juicy J
2.39
February 20, 2014

14.
"Hello"[43]
Adele
2.38
October 22, 2015
[I]

15.
"Counting Stars"[45]
OneRepublic
2.37
May 31, 2013

16.
"Lean On"[46]
Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ
2.37
March 22, 2015

17.
"Blank Space"[47]
Taylor Swift
2.32
November 10, 2014

18.
"Chantaje"[48]
Shakira featuring Maluma
2.23
November 18, 2016

19.
"All About That Bass"[49]
Meghan Trainor
2.22
June 11, 2014

20.
"Closer (Lyric video)"[50]
The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
2.15
July 29, 2016
[J]

21.
"Wheels on the Bus"[51]
LittleBabyBum
2.15
August 9, 2014

22.
"This Is What You Came For"[52]
Calvin Harris featuring Rihanna
2.06
June 16, 2016

23.
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"[53]
Shakira featuring Freshlyground
1.99
June 4, 2010

24.
"Let Her Go"[54]
Passenger
1.98
July 25, 2012

25.
"Mi Gente"[55]
J Balvin and Willy William
1.96
June 29, 2017

26.
"Baby"[56]
Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris
1.95
February 19, 2010
[K]

27.
"What Do You Mean?"[59]
Justin Bieber
1.93
August 30, 2015

28.
"Work from Home"[60]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla $ign
1.89
February 26, 2016

29.
"Chandelier"[61]
Sia
1.89
May 6, 2014

30.
"Rockabye"[62]
Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul & Anne-Marie
1.88
October 21, 2016

31.
"We Don't Talk Anymore"[63]
Charlie Puth featuring Selena Gomez
1.88
August 2, 2016

32.
"Faded"[64]
Alan Walker
1.86
December 3, 2015

33.
"Love Me Like You Do"[65]
Ellie Goulding
1.78
January 22, 2015

34.
"Wake Me Up"[66]
Avicii
1.64
July 29, 2013

35.
"Worth It"[67]
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink
1.60
March 28, 2015

36.
"Treat You Better"[68]
Shawn Mendes
1.59
July 12, 2016

37.
"Love the Way You Lie"[69]
Eminem featuring Rihanna
1.58
August 5, 2010

38.
"Baby Shark Dance"[70]
Pinkfong! Kids' Songs & Stories
1.57
June 17, 2016

39.
"Let It Go"[71]
Idina Menzel
1.55
January 30, 2014
[L]

40.
"Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)"[73]
Silentó
1.55
June 25, 2015

41.
"Échame la Culpa"[74]
Luis Fonsi and Demi Lovato
1.54
November 16, 2017

42.
"Party Rock Anthem"[75]
LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock
1.52
March 8, 2011

43.
"Rude"[76]
Magic!
1.52
December 5, 2013

44.
"Johny Johny Yes Papa"[77]
ChuChu TV
1.52
November 14, 2014
[M]

45.
"Ay Vamos"[79]
J Balvin
1.50
August 29, 2014

46.
"Criminal"[80]
Natti Natasha and Ozuna
1.48
August 18, 2017

47.
"The Gummy Bear Song"[81]
icanrockyourworld
1.46
October 9, 2007
[N]

48.
"Huge Eggs Surprise Toys Challenge"[82]
Ryan ToysReview
1.45
April 13, 2016

49.
"Stressed Out"[83]
Twenty One Pilots
1.43
April 27, 2015

50.
"The Lazy Song"[84]
Bruno Mars
1.43
April 15, 2011

51.
"Vente Pa' Ca"[85]
Ricky Martin featuring Maluma
1.43
September 22, 2016

52.
"Hotline Bling"[86]
Drake
1.42
October 26, 2015

53.
"New Rules"[87]
Dua Lipa
1.39
July 7, 2017

54.
"Felices los 4"[88]
Maluma
1.39
April 21, 2017

55.
"Love Yourself"[89]
Justin Bieber
1.38
November 14, 2015

56.
"Starboy"[90]
The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk
1.38
September 28, 2016

57.
"Propuesta Indecente"[91]
Romeo Santos
1.38
September 9, 2013

58.
"Rolling in the Deep"[92]
Adele
1.37
November 30, 2010

59.
"Side to Side"[93]
Ariana Grande featuring Nicki Minaj
1.36
August 29, 2016

60.
"Reggaetón Lento (Bailemos)"[94]
CNCO
1.36
October 7, 2016

61.
"All of Me"[95]
John Legend
1.34
October 2, 2013

62.
"Axel F"[96]
Crazy Frog
1.34
June 16, 2009

63.
"Hasta el Amanecer"[97]
Nicky Jam
1.33
January 14, 2016

64.
"That's What I Like"[98]
Bruno Mars
1.31
March 2, 2017

65.
"Perfect"[99]
Ed Sheeran
1.31
November 9, 2017

66.
"Mayores"[100]
Becky G and Bad Bunny
1.28
July 13, 2017

67.
"Havana (Audio)"[101]
Camila Cabello featuring Young Thug
1.26
August 3, 2017

68.
"Burn"[102]
Ellie Goulding
1.26
July 7, 2013

69.
"Andas en Mi Cabeza"[103]
Chino & Nacho featuring Daddy Yankee
1.25
April 20, 2016

70.
"Something Just like This (Lyric video)"[104]
The Chainsmokers and Coldplay
1.25
February 22, 2017

71.
"On the Floor"[105]
Jennifer Lopez featuring Pitbull
1.25
March 3, 2011

72.
"The Hills"[106]
The Weeknd
1.24
May 27, 2015

73.
"Shaky Shaky"[107]
Daddy Yankee
1.24
July 14, 2016

74.
"How Deep Is Your Love"[108]
Calvin Harris featuring Disciples
1.23
August 6, 2015

75.
"Summer"[109]
Calvin Harris
1.23
April 6, 2014

76.
"Hey Mama"[110]
David Guetta featuring Nicki Minaj, Bebe Rexha and Afrojack
1.22
May 19, 2015

77.
"Bad Blood"[111]
Taylor Swift featuring Kendrick Lamar
1.22
May 17, 2015

78.
"Thrift Shop"[112]
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz
1.21
August 29, 2012

79.
"Diamonds"[113]
Rihanna
1.21
November 8, 2012

80.
"Picky"[114]
Joey Montana
1.20
June 29, 2015

81.
"Bang Bang"[115]
Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj
1.19
August 25, 2014

82.
"Animals"[116]
Martin Garrix
1.19
June 17, 2013

83.
"La Bicicleta"[117]
Carlos Vives and Shakira
1.19
July 8, 2016

84.
"El Pollito Pio"[118]
Pulcino Pio
1.19
November 29, 2012

85.
"Gentleman"[119]
Psy
1.18
April 13, 2013

86.
"Just the Way You Are"[120]
Bruno Mars
1.18
September 8, 2010

87.
"Corazón"[121]
Maluma featuring Nego do Borel
1.17
December 8, 2017

88.
"Swalla"[122]
Jason Derulo featuring Nicki Minaj and Ty Dolla Sign
1.16
March 17, 2017

89.
"El Perdón"[123]
Nicky Jam and Enrique Iglesias
1.16
March 23, 2015

90.
"Masha and the Bear: Bon appétit!"[124]
Get Movies
1.15
September 21, 2012

91.
"X"[125]
Nicky Jam and J Balvin
1.15
March 1, 2018

92.
"Me Rehúso (Audio)"[126]
Danny Ocean
1.14
September 18, 2016

93.
"Cheap Thrills (Lyric video)"[127]
Sia featuring Sean Paul
1.14
February 11, 2016

94.
"Someone like You"[128]
Adele
1.13
September 29, 2011

95.
"El Perdedor"[129]
Maluma
1.13
April 22, 2016

96.
"Not Afraid"[130]
Eminem
1.13
June 4, 2010

97.
"El Amante"[131]
Nicky Jam
1.12
January 15, 2017

98.
"Problem"[132]
Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea
1.12
May 30, 2014

99.
"Firework"[133]
Katy Perry
1.11
October 28, 2010

100.
"Ahora Dice"[134]
Chris Jeday featuring J Balvin, Ozuna and Arcángel
1.11
March 19, 2017

As of August 12, 2018

text: By year of release[edit]

text: The following table lists the current top 5 most viewed YouTube videos uploaded in each year, with each total rounded to the nearest ten million views, as well as the uploader and date of publication to YouTube.[O]

text: As of  August 2018[update], Katy Perry and Adele have the most appearances on the list with three each. Only Linkin Park (2007), icanrockyourworld (2007) and Luis Fonsi (2017) have two videos in the top 5 of a single year, with both the English and French versions of Gummibär's The Gummy Bear Song being in the top five videos of 2007. Only three videos on the list are not music videos.

text:
Top 5 most-viewed YouTube videos each year

Year

Video name

Uploader

Views (billions)

Upload date

Notes

2005

"Life Goes On"[135]
fhearnoiz
0.11
September 22, 2005

"guitar"[136]
guitar90
0.09
December 20, 2005

"Tarzan Boy"[137]
nailofgilead
0.08
November 2, 2005

"Hurt"[138]
beachbuggy
0.08
December 12, 2005

"Bohemian Rhapsody"[139]
Frozentoast
0.06
September 18, 2005

Combined views (2005)

0.42

[140][141]

2006  [P]

"Galinha Pintadinha - videoclip infantil animado"[142]
Galinha Pintadinha
0.51
December 28, 2006

"Ella y Yo"[143]
JosephIngma
0.36
April 27, 2006

"Evolution of Dance"[144]
Judson Laipply
0.30
April 6, 2006
[Q]

"I Write Sins Not Tragedies"[145]
Fueled By Ramen
0.24
July 18, 2006

"If you are happy"[146]
Alicia Kids!
0.18
September 5, 2006

Combined views (2006)

1.59

[147][148]

2007  [R]

"The Gummy Bear Song"[81]
icanrockyourworld
1.46
October 9, 2007

"Numb"[149]
Linkin Park
0.92
March 4, 2007

"Charlie Bit My Finger"[150]
HDCYT
0.86
May 22, 2007
[S]

"Je m'appelle Funny Bear"[151]
icanrockyourworld
0.37
October 15, 2007

"What I've Done"[152]
Linkin Park
0.36
April 3, 2007

Combined views (2007)

3.97

[147][148]

2008

"Hot n Cold"[153]
Katy Perry
0.82
October 13, 2008

"Bohemian Rhapsody"[154]
Queen Official
0.59
August 1, 2008

"Pintinho Amarelinho - DVD Galena Pintadinha"[155]
Galinha Pintadinha
0.58
September 15, 2008

"Viva la Vida"[156]
Coldplay
0.50
August 4, 2008

"Colgando en tus manos"[157]
Carlos Baute
0.40
October 29, 2008

Combined views (2008)

2.89

[147]

2009

"Axel F"[96]
Crazy Frog
1.34
June 16, 2009

"November Rain"[158]
Guns N' Roses
1.00
December 24, 2009

"Bad Romance"[159]
Lady Gaga
0.94
November 23, 2009
[T]

"You Belong with Me"[160]
Taylor Swift
0.86
June 16, 2009

"Zombie"[161]
The Cranberries
0.74
June 16, 2009

Combined views (2009)

4.88

[147]

2010

"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"[53]
Shakira
1.99
June 4, 2010

"Baby"[56]
Justin Bieber
1.95
February 19, 2010
[U]

"Love the Way You Lie"[69]
Eminem
1.58
August 5, 2010

"Rolling in the Deep"[92]
Adele
1.37
November 30, 2010

"Just the Way You Are"[120]
Bruno Mars
1.18
September 8, 2010

Combined views (2010)

8.07

[147]

2011

"Party Rock Anthem"[75]
LMFAO
1.51
March 8, 2011

"The Lazy Song"[84]
Bruno Mars
1.43
April 15, 2011

"On the Floor"[105]
Jennifer Lopez
1.25
March 3, 2011

"Someone like You"[128]
Adele
1.13
September 29, 2011

"Somebody That I Used to Know"[162]
Gotye
1.09
July 5, 2011

Combined views (2011)

6.41

[147]

2012

"Маша и Медведь - Маша плюс каша"[29]
Get Movies
3.22
January 31, 2012

"Gangnam Style"[30]
Psy
3.19
July 15, 2012
[V]

"Let Her Go"[54]
Passenger
1.98
July 25, 2012

"Thrift Shop"[112]
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis
1.21
August 29, 2012

"Diamonds"[113]
Rihanna
1.21
November 8, 2012

Combined views (2012)

10.81

[147]

2013

"Roar"[39]
Katy Perry
2.59
September 5, 2013

"Counting Stars"[45]
OneRepublic
2.37
May 31, 2013

"Wake Me Up"[66]
Avicii
1.64
July 29, 2013

"Rude"[76]
Magic!
1.51
December 5, 2013

"Propuesta Indecente"[91]
Romeo Santos
1.38
September 9, 2013

Combined views (2013)

9.49

[147]

2014

"Uptown Funk"[35]
Mark Ronson
3.17
November 19, 2014

"Shake It Off"[38]
Taylor Swift
2.62
August 18, 2014

"Bailando"[40]
Enrique Iglesias
2.55
April 11, 2014

"Thinking Out Loud"[41]
Ed Sheeran
2.43
October 7, 2014

"Dark Horse"[42]
Katy Perry
2.39
February 20, 2014

Combined views (2014)

13.16

[147]

2015

"See You Again"[21]
Wiz Khalifa
3.70
April 6, 2015
[W]

"Sorry"[36]
Justin Bieber
2.98
October 22, 2015

"Sugar"[37]
Maroon 5
2.71
January 14, 2015

"Hello"[43]
Adele
2.38
October 22, 2015

"Lean On"[46]
Major Lazer
2.37
March 22, 2015

Combined views (2015)

14.14

[147]

2016

"Chantaje"[48]
Shakira
2.23
November 18, 2016

"Closer (Lyric video)"[50]
The Chainsmokers
2.15
July 29, 2016

"This Is What You Came For"[52]
Calvin Harris
2.06
June 16, 2016

"Work from Home"[60]
Fifth Harmony
1.89
February 26, 2016

"Rockabye"[62]
Clean Bandit
1.88
October 21, 2016

Combined views (2016)

10.21

[147]

2017

"Despacito"[16]
Luis Fonsi
5.41
January 12, 2017
[X]

"Shape of You"[28]
Ed Sheeran
3.69
January 30, 2017

"Mi Gente"[55]
J Balvin
1.96
June 29, 2017

"Échame la Culpa"[74]
Luis Fonsi
1.54
November 16, 2017

"Criminal"[80]
Pina Records
1.48
August 18, 2017

Combined views (2017)

14.08

[147]

2018

"X"[125]
Nicky Jam
1.15
March 1, 2018

"Te Boté (Remix)"[163]
Flow La Movie
1.02
April 11, 2018

"Dura"[164]
Daddy Yankee
1.01
January 18, 2018

"El Farsante (Remix)"[165]
Ozuna
0.89
January 30, 2018

"God's Plan"[166]
Drake
0.77
February 16, 2018

Combined views (2018)

4.84

[147]

As of July 18, 2018

text: Historical most viewed videos[edit]

text: The following table lists the last 15 videos to become YouTube's most viewed video, from October 2005 to the present.

text:
Progression of the most-viewed video on YouTube

Video name

Uploader

Views*

Upload date

Date achieved

Days held

Ref(s)

Notes

"Despacito"[16]
Luis Fonsi
2,993,700,000
Jan 12, 2017
Aug 04, 2017
374
[167]
[Y]

"See You Again"[21]
Wiz Khalifa
2,894,000,000
Apr 06, 2015
Jul 10, 2017
25
[169]

"Gangnam Style"[30]
Psy
803,700,000
Jul 15, 2012
Nov 24, 2012
1,689
[31]
[Z]

"Baby"[56]
Justin Bieber
245,400,000
Feb 19, 2010
Jul 16, 2010
862
[57]
[AA]

"Bad Romance"[159]
Lady Gaga
178,400,000
Nov 23, 2009
Apr 14, 2010
93
[173]
[AB]

"Charlie Bit My Finger"[150]
HDCYT
128,900,000
May 22, 2007
Oct 25, 2009
171
[176]

"Evolution of Dance"[144]
Judson Laipply
118,900,000
Apr 06, 2006
May 2, 2009
176
[177]

"Girlfriend"[178][179]
RCA Records
92,600,000
Feb 27, 2007
Jul 17, 2008
289
[180]

"Evolution of Dance"[144]
Judson Laipply
78,400,000
Apr 06, 2006
Mar 15, 2008
124
[181]

"Music Is My Hot Hot Sex"[182]
CLARUSBARTEL72
76,600,000
Apr 09, 2007
Feb 29, 2008
15
[183]
[AC]

"Evolution of Dance"[144]
Judson Laipply
10,600,000
Apr 06, 2006
May 19, 2006
651
[186]
[AD]

"Pokemon Theme Music Video"[187]
Smosh
4,300,000
Nov 28, 2005
Mar 12, 2006
68
[188]
[AE]

"Myspace – The Movie"[191][192]
eggtea
2,700,000
Jan 31, 2006
Feb 18, 2006
22
[193]

"Phony Photo Booth"[194]
mugenized
3,400,000
Dec 01, 2005
Jan 21, 2006
28
[195]
[AF]

"The Chronic of Narnia Rap"[196]
youtubedude
2,300,000
Dec 18, 2005
Jan 09, 2006
12
[197]

"Ronaldinho: Touch of Gold"[198]
Nikesoccer
255,000
Oct 21, 2005
Oct 31, 2005
70
[199]
[AG]

"I/O Brush"[202]
larfus
247,000
Oct 05, 2005
Oct 29, 2005
2
[203]

"Me at the zoo"[204]
jawed

Apr 23, 2005
Apr 23, 2005
1
[205][206]

As of August 13, 2018

text: *The approximate number of views each video had when it became YouTube's most viewed video.

text: Timeline of Most Viewed Videos (Oct 2005 - Aug 2018)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Oct 2005 - Jun 2006)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Apr 2006 - Jan 2010)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Oct 2009 - Jan 2013)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Jan 2012 - Aug 2018)


document_title: Snow leopard

question_text: what is the length of a snow leopard

question_tokens: what is the length of a snow leopard

text: Snow leopard

text: Naming and etymology

text: Both the latinized genus name, Uncia, and the occasional English name ounce are derived from the Old French once, originally used for the European lynx. Once itself is believed to have arisen by back-formation from an earlier variant of lynx, lonce – the "l" of lonce was construed as an abbreviated la ('the'), leaving once to be perceived as the animal's name. This, like the English version ounce, came to be used for other lynx-sized cats, and eventually for the snow leopard.[6][7]

text: The word panther derives from classical Latin panthēra, itself from the ancient Greek pánthēr (πάνθηρ).[8] The Greek pan- (πάν), meaning "all", and thēr (θήρ), meaning "prey" bears the meaning of "predator of all animals". Use of the word for a beast originated in antiquity in the Orient, probably from India to Persia to Greece.[9]

text: Taxonomy and evolution

text: The species was first described by the German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber on the basis of an illustration in his 1777 publication Die Säugethiere in Abbildungen nach der Natur mit Beschreibungen. Schreber named the cat Felis uncia and gave its type locality as Barbary, Persia, East India, and China.[10] In 1854, the British zoologist John Edward Gray proposed the genus Uncia, to which he subordinated the snow leopard under the name Uncia irbis.[11] British zoologist Reginald Innes Pocock corroborated this classification, but attributed the scientific name Uncia uncia. He also described morphological differences between snow leopards and the then-accepted members of Panthera.[12]

text: The snow leopard is part of the Panthera lineage, one of the eight lineages of Felidae. This lineage comprises the species of Panthera and Neofelis. The Neofelis lineage diverged first remainder of the Felinae (see figure). Subsequent branching between the snow leopard and clouded leopard began two to three million years ago, but the details of this are disputed. [13] A 2006 phylogenetic study by Warren E. Johnson (of the National Cancer Institute) and colleagues, based on nDNA and mtDNA analysis, showed that the leopard is sister to two clades within Panthera – one consisting of the tiger and the snow leopard, and the other of the lion and the jaguar.[14] This was seconded by a 2009 study by Lars Werdelin and colleagues.[15] However, the results obtained in a 2010 study by Brian W. Davis (of the Texas A&M University) and colleagues and a 2011 study by Ji H. Mazák (of the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum) and colleagues showed a swapping between the leopard and the jaguar in the cladogram.[16][17] A 2016 study indicates that, at some point in their evolution, snow leopards interbred with lions, as their mitochondrial genomes are more similar to each other than their nuclear genomes. From this research, it is indicated that a female hybrid offspring of male ancestors of modern snow leopards and female ancestors of modern lions interbred with the male ancestors of modern snow leopards.[18]

text: Subspecies

text: The snow leopard subspecies U. u. baikalensis-romanii was proposed for a population living in the southern Transbaikal region; this requires further evaluation.[2][19] Authors of the Handbook of the Mammals of the World recognize two subspecies, namely U. u. uncia occurring in Mongolia and Russia; and U. u. uncioides living in western China and the Himalayas.[20] More recently, Janecka et al. have proposed three total subspecies: a Northern (Altai region) P. u. irbis, a Central (core Himalaya and Tibetan Plateau) P. u. uncioides, and Western (Tian Shan, Pamir, trans-Himalaya regions) P. u. uncia.[21]

text: Description

text: Snow leopards are slightly smaller than the other big cats but, like them, exhibit a range of sizes, generally weighing between 27 and 55 kg (60 and 121 lb), with an occasional large male reaching 75 kg (165 lb) and small female of under 25 kg (55 lb).[22][23] They have a relatively short body, measuring in length from the head to the base of the tail 75 to 150 cm (30 to 60 in).[24] However, the tail is quite long, at 80 to 100 cm (31 to 39 in), with only the domestic-cat-sized marbled cat being relatively longer-tailed.[25][26] They are stocky and short-legged big cats, standing about 60 cm (24 in) at the shoulder.[27]

text: Snow leopards have long, thick fur, and their base color varies from smoky gray to yellowish tan, with whitish underparts. They have dark grey to black open rosettes on their bodies, with small spots of the same color on their heads and larger spots on their legs and tails. Unusually among cats, their eyes are pale green or grey in color.[25][26]

text: Snow leopards show several adaptations for living in a cold, mountainous environment. Their bodies are stocky, their fur is thick, and their ears are small and rounded, all of which help to minimize heat loss. Their paws are wide, which distributes their weight better for walking on snow, and have fur on their undersides to increase their grip on steep and unstable surfaces; it also helps to minimize heat loss. Snow leopards' tails are long and flexible, helping them to maintain their balance, which is very important in the rocky terrain they inhabit. Their tails are also very thick due to fat storage and are very thickly covered with fur, which allows them to be used like a blanket to protect their faces when asleep.[26][28]

text: The snow leopard has a short muzzle and domed forehead, containing unusually large nasal cavities that help the animal breathe the thin, cold air of their mountainous environment.[25]

text: The snow leopard cannot roar, despite possessing partial ossification of the hyoid bone. This partial ossification was previously thought to be essential for allowing the big cats to roar, but new studies show that the ability to roar is due to other morphological features, especially of the larynx, which are absent in the snow leopard.[29][30] Snow leopard vocalizations include hisses, chuffing, mews, growls, and wailing.

text: Snow leopards were only reclassified as a member of the Panthera genus (big cats) following a genetic study by Mr Brian Davis, Dr Gang Li and Professor William Murphy in 2009. This study showed that snow leopards actually evolved alongside tigers and not leopards as previously thought.

text: Distribution and habitat

text: The snow leopard is distributed from the west of Lake Baikal through southern Siberia, in the Kunlun Mountains, in the Russian Altai mountains, Sayan and Tannu-Ola Mountains, in the Tian Shan, across Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan to the Hindu Kush in eastern Afghanistan, Karakoram in northern Pakistan, in the Pamir Mountains, and in the high altitudes of the Himalayas in India, Nepal, and Bhutan, and the Tibetan Plateau. In Mongolia, it is found in the Mongolian and Gobi Altai Mountains and the Khangai Mountains. In Tibet, it is found up to the Altyn-Tagh in the north.[4][31]

text: Potential snow leopard habitat in the Indian Himalayas is estimated at less than 90,000 km2 (35,000 sq mi) in the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh, of which about 34,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi) is considered good habitat, and 14.4% is protected. In the beginning of the 1990s, the Indian snow leopard population was estimated at roughly 200–600 individuals living across about 25 protected areas.[4]

text: In summer, snow leopards usually live above the tree line on mountainous meadows and in rocky regions at altitudes from 2,700 to 6,000 m (8,900 to 19,700 ft). In winter, they come down into the forests to altitudes around 1,200 to 2,000 m (3,900 to 6,600 ft). Snow leopards prefer rocky, broken terrain, and can travel without difficulty in snow up to 85 cm (33 in) deep, although they prefer to use existing trails made by other animals.[25]

text: Global warming has caused the tree line to be increased in altitude, resulting in the decrease of wild prey that depend on the plants for food.[32]

text: Ecology and behavior

text: The snow leopard is solitary, except for females with cubs. They rear them in dens in the mountains for extended periods.[citation needed]

text: An individual snow leopard lives within a well-defined home range, but does not defend its territory aggressively when encroached upon by other snow leopards. Home ranges vary greatly in size. In Nepal, where prey is abundant, a home range may be as small as 12 km2 (5 sq mi) to 40 km2 (15 sq mi) and up to five to 10 animals are found here per 100 km2 (39 sq mi); in habitats with sparse prey, though, an area of 1,000 km2 (386 sq mi) supports only five of these cats.[29] However, a new study lasting from 2008 to 2014 indicates their ranges are much greater than believed; a male snow leopard requires a territory of around 80 square miles, while females require up to 48 square miles of territory. Taking this data into account, it is estimated that 40 percent of the 170 protected areas in place are smaller than the space required to support a single male snow leopard.[33]

text: Like other cats, snow leopards use scent marks to indicate their territories and common travel routes. These are most commonly produced by scraping the ground with the hind feet before depositing urine or scat, but they also spray urine onto sheltered patches of rock.[25]

text: Snow leopards are crepuscular, being most active at dawn and dusk.[26] They are known for being extremely secretive and well camouflaged.

text: Hunting and diet

text: Snow leopards are carnivores and actively hunt their prey. Like many cats, they are also opportunistic feeders, eating whatever meat they can find, including carrion and domestic livestock. They can kill animals two to four times their own weight, such as the bharal, Himalayan tahr, markhor, argali, horse, and camel,[34] but will readily take much smaller prey, such as hares and birds.[28] They are capable of killing most animals in their range with the probable exception of the adult male yak. Unusually among cats, snow leopards also eat a significant amount of vegetation, including grass and twigs.[25] Snow leopards will also hunt in pairs successfully, especially mating pairs.[35]

text: The diet of the snow leopard varies across its range and with the time of year, and depends on prey availability. In the Himalayas, it preys mostly on bharals (Himalayan blue sheep), but in other mountain ranges, such as the Karakoram, Tian Shan, Altai and Tost Mountains of Mongolia, its main prey consists of Siberian ibex and argali, a type of wild sheep, although the latter has become rarer in some parts of the snow leopard's range.[26][36][37] Other large animals eaten when available can include various types of wild goats and sheep (such as markhors and urials), other goat-like ruminants such as Himalayan tahr and gorals, plus deer, red panda, wild boars, and langur monkeys. Smaller prey consists of marmots, woolly hares, pikas, various rodents, and birds such as the snow cock and chukar.[26][28][36]

text: Considerable predation of domestic livestock occurs,[1] which brings it into direct conflict with humans. However, even in Mongolia, where wild prey have been reduced and interactions with humans are common, domestic livestock (mainly domestic sheep) comprises less than 20% of the diet of species, with wild prey being taken whenever possible.[37] Herders will kill snow leopards to prevent them from taking their animals.[28] The loss of prey animals due to overgrazing by domestic livestock, poaching, and defense of livestock are the major drivers for the decreasing population of the snow leopard. The snow leopard has not been reported to attack humans, and appears to be the least aggressive to humans of all big cats. As a result, they are easily driven away from livestock; they readily abandon their kills when threatened, and may not even defend themselves when attacked.[25]

text: Snow leopards prefer to ambush prey from above, using broken terrain to conceal their approach. They will actively pursue prey down steep mountainsides, using the momentum of their initial leap to chase animals for up to 300 m (980 ft). They kill with a bite to the neck, and may drag the prey to a safe location before feeding. They consume all edible parts of the carcass, and can survive on a single bharal for two weeks before hunting again. Annual prey needs appears to be 20–30 adult blue sheep.[1][25]

text: Reproduction and life cycle

text: Snow leopards are unusual among large cats in that they have a well-defined birth peak. They usually mate in late winter, marked by a noticeable increase in marking and calling. Snow leopards have a gestation period of 90–100 days, so the cubs are born between April and June. Oestrus typically lasts from five to eight days, and males tend not to seek out another partner after mating, probably because the short mating season does not allow sufficient time. Paired snow leopards mate in the usual felid posture, from 12 to 36 times a day.[25]

text: The mother gives birth in a rocky den or crevice lined with fur shed from her underside. Litter sizes vary from one to five cubs, but the average is 2.2. The cubs are blind and helpless at birth, although already with a thick coat of fur, and weigh from 320 to 567 g (11.3 to 20.0 oz). Their eyes open at around seven days, and the cubs can walk at five weeks and are fully weaned by 10 weeks.[25] Also when they are born, they have full black spots which turn into rosettes as they grow to adolescence.[citation needed]

text: The cubs leave the den when they are around two to four months of age, but remain with their mother until they become independent after around 18–22 months. Once independent, they may disperse over considerable distances, even crossing wide expanses of flat terrain to seek out new hunting grounds. This likely helps reduce the inbreeding that would otherwise be common in their relatively isolated environments. Snow leopards become sexually mature at two to three years, and normally live for 15–18 years, although in captivity they can live for up to 25 years.[25][38]

text: Conservation efforts

text: Numerous agencies are working to conserve the snow leopard and its threatened mountain ecosystems. These include the Snow Leopard Trust, the Snow Leopard Conservancy, the Snow Leopard Network, the Cat Specialist Group, and the Panthera Corporation.

text: These groups and various national governments from the snow leopard’s range, nonprofits, and donors from around the world worked together at the 10th International Snow Leopard Conference in Beijing. Their focus on research, community programs in snow leopard regions, and education programs are aimed at understanding the cat's needs, as well as the needs of the villagers and herder communities juxtaposed with the snow leopards' habitats.[39][40]

text: Global Snow Leopard Forum

text: In 2013, government leaders and officials from all 12 countries encompassing the snow leopard's range (Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan) came together at the Global Snow Leopard Forum (GSLF) initiated by the President Almazbek Atambayev of the Kyrgyz Republic, and the State Agency on Environmental Protection and Forestry under the government of the Kyrgyz Republic. The meeting was held in Bishkek, the capital of the Kyrgyz Republic, and all countries agreed that the snow leopard and the high mountain habitat it lives in need trans-boundary support to ensure a viable future for snow leopard populations, as well as to safeguard their fragile environment. The event brought together many partners, including NGOs like the Snow Leopard Conservancy, the Snow Leopard Trust, and the Nature and Biodiversity Conservation Union. Also supporting the initiative were the Snow Leopard Network, the World Bank's Global Tiger Initiative, the United Nations Development Programme, the World Wild Fund for Nature, the United States Agency for International Development, and Global Environment Facility.[citation needed]

text: Bishkek Declaration

text: At the GSLF meeting, the 12 range countries signed the Bishkek Declaration to "acknowledge that the snow leopard is an irreplaceable symbol of our nations' natural and cultural heritage and an indicator of the health and sustainability of mountain ecosystems; and we recognize that mountain ecosystems inhabited by snow leopards provide essential ecosystem services, including storing and releasing water from the origins of river systems benefitting one-third of the world’s human population; sustaining the pastoral and agricultural livelihoods of local communities which depend on biodiversity for food, fuel, fodder, and medicine; and offering inspiration, recreation, and economic opportunities." [41]

text: Out of these efforts was formed a cooperative support effort, the Global Snow Leopard and Eco-system Protection Program (GSLEP). The GSLEP is a joint initiative of range country governments, international agencies, civil society, and the private sector. Its goal is to secure the long-term survival of the snow leopard in its natural ecosystem.

text: The goal of the GSLEP is for the 12 snow leopard range countries, with support from conservation agencies, NGO’s and others to work together to identify and secure at least 20 healthy populations of snow leopards across the cat’s range by 2020, or "20 by 2020". Many of these populations will cross international boundaries.

text: The three criteria that will secure healthy populations of snow leopards are populations that represent at least 100 breeding age snow leopards, contain adequate and secure prey populations and have connectivity to other snow leopard populations.

text: This is an interim goal for the years through to 2020. During the coming years, agreement will be reached on the steps needed to achieve the ultimate goal of ensuring that healthy snow leopard populations remain the icon of the mountains of Asia for generations to come. [42]

text: 2015 designated International Year of the Snow Leopard

text: To help spread the word amongst the people, government authorities, and conservation groups in each range country, 2015 was designated the International Year of the Snow Leopard as part of the GSLEPP's work. All range-country governments, nongovernmental and inter-governmental organizations, local communities, and various private sector businesses pledged to take the year as an opportunity to further work towards conservation of snow leopards and their high-mountain ecosystems.[43]

text: Population and protected areas

text: Before 2003, the total wild snow leopard population was estimated at 4,080 to 6,500 individuals.[4] Until 2008, the snow leopard had therefore been assessed as endangered on the IUCN Red List.[1] An estimate from 2016, using data from several studies, proposed a population of 4,678 to 8,745 individuals across only 32 percent of the species's range, suggesting that the total number of snow leopards was larger than previously thought.[3] This estimate has been disputed by other conservationists.[44] As of 2017, the snow leopard is listed as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.[1]

text:
Range Country
Habitat Area
(km2)
Estimated
Population[1]

Afghanistan
50,000
100–200?

Bhutan
15,000
100–200?

China
1,100,000
2,000–2,500

India
75,000
200–600

Kazakhstan
50,000
180–200

Kyrgyzstan
105,000
150–500

Mongolia
101,000
500–1,000

Nepal
30,000
300–500

Pakistan
80,000
200–420

Tajikistan
100,000
180–220

Uzbekistan
10,000
20–50

text: Protected areas:

text:
Chitral National Park, in the Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Hemis National Park, in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Khunjerab National Park, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
Nanda Devi National Park, in state of Uttarakhand, India, a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site[45]
Qomolangma National Nature Preserve, Tibet, China[46][47]
Sagarmatha National Park, Nepal, a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site.[48]
Tumor Feng Nature Reserve, western Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China.[49]
Valley of Flowers National Park, Uttarakhand, India, a UNESCO Natural World Heritage Site
Shey-Phoksundo National Park, Dolpa, Nepal
Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Baglung, Nepal
Annapurna Conservation Area, Western Nepal
Api Nampa Conservation Area, Western Nepal
Jigme Dorji National Park, Bhutan
Gobi Gurvansaikhan National Park, Mongolia
Ubsunur Hollow, on the territorial border of Mongolia and the Republic of Tuva, Russia
Dibang Wildlife Sanctuary, near Anini, India
Aksu-Djabagly Nature Reserve, Kazakhstan
Sarychat-Ertash State Nature Reserve, Kyrgyzstan
Katun Nature Reserve, Russia
Kibber Wildlife Sanctuary, Lahaul Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India
Pin Valley National Park, Lahaul Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, India
Great Himalayan National Park, Kullu, Himachal Pradesh, India
Sacred Himalayan Landscape, Nepal, India, Bhutan

text: A "surprisingly healthy" population of snow leopards has been found living at 16 locations in the isolated Wakhan Corridor in northeastern Afghanistan, giving rise to hopes for survival of snow leopards in that region.[50]

text: In captivity

text: In 2008, there were approximately 600 snow leopards in zoos around the world.[26] In the Richmond Metropolitan Zoo in Virginia, in the United States of America, snow leopard cubs were born in 2016.[51]

text: Much progress has been made in securing the survival of the snow leopard, with them being successfully bred in captivity. Females usually give birth to two to three cubs in a litter, but can give birth to up to seven in some cases.

text: Relationships with humans

text: Attacks on humans and livestock

text: Snow leopard attacks on humans are rare; only two instances are known.[52] On July 12, 1940, in Maloalmaatinsk gorge near Almaty, a rabid snow leopard attacked two men during the day and inflicted serious injuries on both.[52] In the second case, not far from Almaty, an old, toothless, emaciated snow leopard unsuccessfully attacked a passerby in winter; it was captured and carried to a local village.[52] There are no other records of any snow leopard attacking a human being.[53][54]

text: A 2008 Natural World episode, "Snow Leopard – Beyond the Myth", interviewed a couple with a goat farm in Pakistan; the woman was bowled over by a snow leopard escaping an enclosure where it had been feeding on the livestock, but she was not attacked by the cat, despite fainting and being helpless. The film crew went to some lengths to demonstrate that the cat was primarily hunting wild prey and was often ranging far outside the area, as they hoped to prevent local farmers from shooting it. Nevertheless, they also found evidence of other sightings of the cats around nearby human settlements, and of repeated attacks on livestock (some of them unsuccessful).[55] Snow leopards attacking livestock has also been a subject of conservation journal papers.[34]

text: Emblematic use

text: Snow leopards have symbolic meaning for Turkic peoples of Central Asia, where the animal is known as irbis or bars, so it is widely used in heraldry and as an emblem.

text: The snow leopard in heraldry is sometimes known in English as the ounce. The cat has long been used as a political symbol, the Aq Bars ('White Leopard'), by Tatars, Kazakhs, and Bulgars, among others. A snow leopard is found on the official seal of the city of Almaty, Kazakhstan, and the former 10,000 Kazakhstani tenge banknote also featured one on the reverse. A mythical winged Aq Bars is found in the national coat of arms of Tatarstan, the seal of the city of Samarqand, Uzbekistan, and (also with a crown) the old coat of arms of the Kazakh capital, Astana. In Kyrgyzstan, it has been used in highly stylized form in the modern emblem of the capital, Bishkek, and the same art has been integrated into the badge of the Kyrgyzstan Girl Scouts Association. A crowned snow leopard features in the arms of Shushensky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia.

text: The Snow Leopard award, given to Soviet mountaineers who scaled all five of the Soviet Union's 7,000-meter peaks, is named after the animal, but does not depict one.[citation needed]

text: The cat is the state animal of Himachal Pradesh, a north Indian state in the western Himalayas. The animal has also been declared the "National Predator" of Pakistan.[56]

text:
Symbol of Almaty, Kazakhstan

Snow leopard on the reverse of the old 10,000-Kazakhstani tenge banknote

The coat of arms of Tatarstan

Seal of Samarqand, Uzbekistan

Old coat of arms of Astana, Kazakhstan

Symbol of Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan

Membership badge of the Girl Scout Association of Kyrgyzstan

Coat of arms of Shushensky District, Krasnoyarsk Krai

text: In the media

text: Documentary

text: Documentary footage of the snow leopard is scarce. While such coverage would not be remarkable with regard to common species, wildlife video of the snow leopard is difficult to obtain due to the animal's rarity and the human inaccessibility of much of its natural habitat.[55]

text: The BBC One TV series Planet Earth had a segment on snow leopards. The series took some of the first video of snow leopards in the wild, and also featured a snow leopard hunting a markhor.[57] The episode Mountains of Planet Earth II, aired in November 2016, featured the rather violent mating fights of snow leopards, as well as a snow leopard's chuffing and wailing.

text: Nisar Malik, a Pakistani journalist, and Mark Smith, a cameraman who had worked on the Planet Earth segment, spent a further 18 months filming snow leopards in the Hindu Kush for the BBC Two series Natural World episode "Snow Leopard – Beyond the Myth".[55][58] The cat has been featured in segments of other episodes of the same series.

text: The PBS/WNET series Nature focused on the species in its episode "Silent Roar: Searching for the Snow Leopard".

text: A snow leopard named Dawa along with her cubs is one of the focal points of the 2017 Disneynature film Born in China.

text: Non-Fiction

text: In Peter Matthiessen's 1978 travelogue The Snow Leopard, he recounts his two-month search with naturalist George Schaller for snow leopards in Nepal.

text: Fictional

text: In Philip Pullman's 1995–2000 fantasy trilogy His Dark Materials, Lord Asriel's dæmon is a snow leopard named Stelmaria.

text: Tai Lung, the main antagonist of the 2008 film Kung Fu Panda, is an anthropomorphized snow leopard.

text: In the 2013 film The Secret Life of Walter Mitty, photojournalist Sean O'Connell (played by Sean Penn) is shown photographing snow leopards in Afghanistan.


document_title: Little Big Town

question_text: what are the ages of little big town

question_tokens: what are the ages of little big town

text: Little Big Town

text: Early years[edit]

text: In the mid-1990s, Karen Fairchild sang with the Christian vocal group Truth and was featured as a lead singer in a few of their songs. She also formed a duo called KarenLeigh with Leigh Cappillino (from the group Point of Grace). KarenLeigh produced the singles, "Save it For a Rainy Day" and "This Love Has". In 1997, while attending Samford University in Alabama, she met Kimberly Roads. Eventually, they moved to Nashville, Tennessee, where they reunited and began singing together.[1] Jimi Westbrook joined Roads and Fairchild in 1998,[2] followed by Phillip Sweet.

text: Career[edit]

text: 2000–02: Little Big Town[edit]

text: Little Big Town's first record deal was with Mercury Nashville Records, although the band was dropped from the label's roster without releasing a single or album.[1][2] In 2001, they sang backing vocals on Collin Raye's album Can't Back Down,[3] while Sweet and Roads co-wrote the song "Back Where I Belong" on Sherrié Austin's 2001 album Followin' a Feelin'.[4]

text: A second contract, this time with Monument Records Nashville, began in 2002. The band's first album, Little Big Town, was released that year. It produced the singles "Don't Waste My Time" and "Everything Changes", which peaked at 33 and 42 on the Billboard Hot Country Songs chart. Westbrook's father died in 2002, just after the group's first album was released. Fairchild and Sweet both divorced their spouses shortly afterward, and the group exited Monument when the label's Nashville branch was dissolved. The four members all took up day jobs to earn additional money, although they continued to tour as well.[1]

text: 2005–09: The Road to Here and A Place to Land[edit]

text: In 2005, Little Big Town was signed to Equity Music Group, a label started and partially owned by country music singer Clint Black.[1] Their third single, "Boondocks", was released in May, peaking at No. 9 on the country charts in January 2006. It served as the first of four singles from the group's second album, The Road to Here, which was released on October 4, 2005. "Bring It On Home", the second single from the album, became Little Big Town's first top 5 hit on Hot Country Songs. It was followed by "Good as Gone" and "A Little More You", both of which were top 20 hits. By the end of 2006, The Road to Here had been certified Platinum in the United States. Unlike their first album, the group's members co-wrote the majority of the songs on The Road to Here along with Wayne Kirkpatrick, who also produced it. In 2007, the group sang backing vocals on John Mellencamp's Freedom's Road album.[5]

text: Little Big Town released A Place to Land, their third studio album and second with Equity, on November 6, 2007. Its lead-off single, "I'm with the Band", peaked at number 32 on the country chart. On April 23, 2008, Little Big Town announced it was leaving Equity for Capitol Nashville.[6] Shortly afterward, they charted with Sugarland and Jake Owen on a live cover of The Dream Academy's "Life in a Northern Town". Taken from Sugarland's 2007 tour, it reached number 28 on the country chart based on unsolicited airplay. In October 2008, Capitol re-released A Place to Land, which added four new songs, and the label promoted two further singles from the album, "Fine Line" and "Good Lord Willing".

text: In the fall of 2008, Little Big Town opened up for Carrie Underwood on her Carnival Ride Tour. They began their first headlining tour in January 2009 in Jacksonville, Florida and continued through April.[7]

text: Fairchild recorded a duet with Mellencamp on his 2008 album, Life, Death, Love and Freedom. The song, "A Ride Back Home", was released as the album's third single and was accompanied by a music video. Fairchild also duetted with Mellencamp on "My Sweet Love" and appears in its music video.

text: Little Big Town was nominated for Vocal Group Of The Year for the fourth year in a row at the 2009 CMA Awards.

text: 2010–13: The Reason Why, Commercial Success and Tornado[edit]

text: In March 2010, the group released a new single titled "Little White Church", as the lead-off single to their fourth studio album and first completely new album on Capitol Nashville, The Reason Why, which was released on August 24, 2010. "Little White Church" peaked at number 6 on the country chart. The album produced two additional singles in "Kiss Goodbye" and the title track, but both failed to reach the top 40 of Hot Country Songs.

text: The album's title track was released as a digital single on July 27, 2010, to begin an iTunes countdown to the album release on August 24, 2010. Three further digital singles — "Kiss Goodbye", "Why, Oh Why", and "All the Way Down" — were released weekly leading up until the album release. Also, in promotion of The Reason Why, Little Big Town went on tour as an opening act for Sugarland on The Incredible Machine Tour, as well their own The Reason Why Tour.

text: Little Big Town's fifth studio album, Tornado, was released on September 11, 2012. It was also their first album to be produced by Jay Joyce. "Pontoon" was released as the album's lead single on April 30, 2012, and became their first number one hit on Hot Country Songs in September 2012. It was their first single to receive a Platinum certification. The title track was released as the album's second single on October 1, 2012. It reached number 2 on the Country Airplay chart in 2013. At the 55th Grammy Awards, "Pontoon" won the Grammy Award for Best Country Duo/Group Performance.[8] The album was certified gold by the RIAA in December 2012.[9]

text: The band joined Rascal Flatts on their Changed Tour, along with Eli Young Band and Edens Edge, for dates spanning Summer 2012. They played at the C2C: Country to Country festival in London on March 16, 2013.[10]

text: The album's third single, "Your Side of the Bed", was a number 27 hit.

text: The band sang background vocals on Ashley Monroe's 2013 single, "You Got Me", featured on her 2013 release, Like a Rose. Group member Karen Fairchild co-wrote the song with Monroe.[11] It failed to chart.

text: The album's fourth single, "Sober", was a number 31 hit.

text: 2014–16: Pain Killer and Grand Ole Opry invitation[edit]

text: Little Big Town performed harmony vocals on David Nail's 2014 album, I'm a Fire, on the song "When They're Gone (Lyle County)", co-written by Brett Eldredge. They were also featured on Miranda Lambert's 2014 album, Platinum, on "Smokin' and Drinkin'", a song which the band was going to record themselves;[12] it debuted on Billboard's Country Airplay chart at number 38 after their performance at the CMA Awards in 2014.

text: The band began recording their sixth studio album, Pain Killer, in early 2014. The lead single, "Day Drinking", was released digitally June 3,[13] and was sent to country radio on June 9.[14] It debuted on the Country Airplay chart at number 32, their highest-ever debut, and went on to peak at number 2 on Country Airplay. It hit number 1 on the Canada Country chart, becoming their second number 1 single and first as songwriters. Pain Killer's track listing was announced on July 14,[15] and the album was released on October 21.

text: On October 3, 2014, Reba McEntire invited the group to join the Grand Ole Opry. They accepted and were inducted by Vince Gill on October 17.[16]

text: The second single from the album, "Girl Crush", was released December 15, 2014. Some radio stations were reported to have pulled "Girl Crush" from their playlists, in response to concerns from listeners who interpreted the song's lyrics to be about lesbianism. In response, Fairchild said, "That’s just shocking to me, the close-mindedness of that, when that’s just not what the song was about…But what if it were? It’s just a greater issue of listening to a song for what it is." In addition, the label created a short commercial in which the band discusses the song and its actual meaning.[17] Billboard consulted several radio program directors on its panel and found only one who detailed a specific complaint from a listener.[18] The song became their second No. 1 on a Billboard chart in May 2015 and their highest showing on the Billboard Hot 100 after gaining exposure on "The Voice" and the 50th Annual ACM Awards. The album's third single and the title track, "Pain Killer", released to country radio on August 24, 2015.

text: On September 9, 2015, the group was nominated for five CMA Awards: Vocal Group of the Year, Album of the Year for Pain Killer, Single of the Year for "Girl Crush", Music Video of the Year for "Girl Crush" and Musical Event of the Year for their collaboration on the Miranda Lambert single "Smokin' and Drinkin'". They tied Eric Church for most nominations that year. Additionally, the songwriters of "Girl Crush" were recognized with a Song of the Year win.

text: For the 58th Annual Grammy Awards Pain Killer was nominated for Best Country Album, "Girl Crush" was nominated for Best Country Duo/Group Performance, Song of the Year and Best Country Song. Little Big Town only received nominations for Best Country Album and Best Country Duo/Group Performance since they did not write on "Girl Crush".[19]

text: The band will soon begin working on their first Christmas album.[20]

text: On January 24, 2016, the band sang the National Anthem before the Arizona/Carolina NFC Championship game. On July 4 of that year, they performed with the Boston Pops at their annual Independence Day concert.

text: 2016–present: Wanderlust, The Breaker, and Ryman residency[edit]

text: In February 2016, they appeared on "Take Me Down", a track on Down to My Last Bad Habit, the fourteenth album by Vince Gill.

text: In March 2016, Little Big Town returned to the UK as part of the C2C: Country to Country tour, becoming one of four acts at the time (the others being Brantley Gilbert, Sam Hunt and Carrie Underwood) to perform at the festival twice. They headlined the launch party in 2015 where they announced the full line-up, revealing that they would be supporting Underwood along with Hunt and Maddie & Tae.

text: On May 24, 2016, the band announced their seventh studio album titled Wanderlust. The album contains eight tracks produced by Pharrell Williams and was released on June 10, 2016. Karen Fairchild describes the album as, "It's not a country album" "And it's not like anything we've ever done. It's fun to be spontaneous and put it out there to the fans, because we want to, and not to overthink it, but just because it has brought us a lot of joy, and we think it will for them as well. So why not? We're going with our gut and putting it out there. It's just music, you know?" Fairchild stated that they are also working on a country record with Jay Joyce.[21] In July, they appeared on the 2000–2005 episode of ABC's Greatest Hits where they performed covers by Alicia Keys, Oasis and Sheryl Crow. They were also selected as one of 30 artists to perform on "Forever Country", a mash-up track of "Take Me Home, Country Roads", "On the Road Again" and "I Will Always Love You", which celebrates 50 years of the CMA Awards.[22]

text: The band released "Better Man", which was written by singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, on October 20, 2016, as the lead single to their upcoming eighth studio album, The Breaker, that was released on February 24, 2017. Initially masking the song's writer, the band revealed that Swift wrote the song. The song's music video, directed by Reid Long and Becky Fluke, was released November 1, 2016. The band would follow up with a new single "When Someone Stops Loving You," on February 17, 2017. The song was inspired by a story Sean Lynch detailed to the band during a tour stop in 2016.

text: The band announced that they would be the first act in history to have a residency at the Ryman Auditorium in Nashville. Little Big Town announced a six-date UK tour supported by Seth Ennis beginning on September 28 and concluding in London on October 5[23] before revealing that Kacey Musgraves and Midland would support them on the American leg of The Breakers Tour beginning in February 2018[24]. On October 5 during their show at the Royal Albert Hall, the band revealed that they would be headlining the 2018 C2C: Country to Country festival, making history as the first act to play the event three times.[25]

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Little Big Town (2002)
The Road to Here (2005)
A Place to Land (2007)
The Reason Why (2010)
Tornado (2012)
Pain Killer (2014)
Wanderlust (2016)
The Breaker (2017)

text: Tours[edit]

text:
The Reason Why Tour (2011)
Tornado Tour (2013)
Pain Killer Tour (2014–15)
The Breakers Tour (2017-2018)

text:
C2C: Country to Country with Tim McGraw, Faith Hill and Kacey Musgraves (2018)
The Bandwagon Tour with Miranda Lambert (2018)

text:
Still Alive in 06 with Keith Urban (2006)
CMT On Tour: Change for Change Tour with Sugarland and Jake Owen (2007)
George Strait 2008 Arena Tour with George Strait (2008)
The Waking Up Laughing Tour with Martina McBride (2007–08) (Legs 1 and 3)
Carnival Ride Tour with Carrie Underwood (2008) (Fall leg)
A Place To Land Tour with Zac Brown Band and Ashton Shepherd
The Incredible Machine Tour 2010 with Sugarland and Randy Montana (2010) (Fall leg)
The Incredible Machine Tour 2011 with Sugarland, Matt Nathanson and Casey James (2011) (Spring leg)
Revolution Continues Tour with Miranda Lambert (2011) (Few dates)
Changed Tour with Rascal Flatts, Eli Young Band and Edens Edge (2012)
Light the Fuse Tour with Keith Urban and Dustin Lynch (2013)
C2C: Country to Country with Tim McGraw (2013) and Carrie Underwood (2016)
Kill The Lights Tour with Luke Bryan and Dustin Lynch (2015–16)

text: Personal lives[edit]

text:
Karen Fairchild (born September 28, 1969) (age 48)
Kimberly Roads Schlapman (born October 15, 1969) (age 48)
Jimi Westbrook (born October 20, 1971) (age 46)
Phillip Sweet (born March 18, 1974) (age 43)

text: Karen Fairchild and Jimi Westbrook married on May 31, 2006, although their marriage was not disclosed until two months later. The couple welcomed their first child, a son (Elijah Dylan Westbrook), on March 5, 2010, in Nashville.

text: Kimberly Roads married Stephen Schlapman on November 28, 2006,[26] and gave birth to a daughter (Daisy Pearl Schlapman) on July 27, 2007.[27] In January 2017, Schlapman announced that she and her husband adopted a baby girl (Dolly Grace Schlapman). They welcomed her on December 31, 2016.[28] She now goes by her husband's last name, Schlapman.[29] Kimberly was previously married to Steven Roads, who died from a heart attack in 2005. He was also the band's lawyer.[30]

text: Phillip Sweet married Rebecca Arthur, a business owner and wardrobe stylist, on March 30, 2007. Arthur gave birth to a daughter (Penelopi Jane Sweet) on December 27, 2007, at Baptist Hospital in Nashville.[31]

text: Musical stylings[edit]

text: Little Big Town's musical stylings are defined by four-part vocal harmonies. Unlike most vocal groups, Little Big Town does not feature a definitive lead vocalist.[2] Instead, their songs are either led by any one of the four members, or by all four in varying combinations (such as on "Boondocks" and "Life in a Northern Town").

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Academy of Country Music Awards (ACM)[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2006
Themselves
Top New Vocal Duo/Group
Nominated

Top Vocal Group
Nominated

2007
Top New Vocal Duo/Group
Won

Top Vocal Group
Nominated

2008
Nominated

2009
"Life in a Northern Town"(with Sugarland and Jake Owen)
Vocal Event of the Year
Nominated

Themselves
Top Vocal Group
Nominated

2010
Nominated

2011
Nominated

2013
"Pontoon"
Single of the Year
Nominated

Tornado
Album of the Year
Nominated

"Tornado"
Music Video of the Year
Won

Themselves
Vocal Group of the Year
Won

2014
Nominated

2015
Won

Pain Killer
Album of the Year
Nominated

2016
Themselves
Vocal Group of the Year
Won

"Girl Crush"
Single Record of the Year
Nominated

Song of the Year
Nominated

Video of the Year
Nominated

Smokin' And Drinkin'
Vocal Event of the Year (shared with Miranda Lambert)
Won

Themselves
Crystal Milestone Award
Won

2017
Themselves
Vocal Group of the Year
Won

text: American Country Awards (ACA)[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2010
"Little White Church"
Music Video: Duo or Group
Nominated

Single of the Year: Duo or Group
Nominated

2012
"Pontoon"
Music Video of the Year: Group or Collaboration
Won

2013
"Tornado"
Nominated

Single of the Year: Duo or Group
Nominated

Great American Country – Music Video of the Year
Nominated

Themselves
Artist of the Year: Duo or Group
Nominated

text: American Country Countdown Awards (ACC)[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2016
"Girl Crush"
Digital Song of the Year
Won

text: American Music Awards (AMA)[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2015
Themselves
Favorite Duo or Group - Country
Nominated

2017[32]
Themselves
Favorite Duo or Group - Country
Won

text: Billboard Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2016
"Girl Crush"
Top Country Song
Nominated

Themselves
Billboard Chart Achievement Award
Nominated

2017
"Better Man"
Top Country Song
Nominated

text: British Country Music Association Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2016
Themselves
International Act of the Year
Nominated

text: Country Music Association Awards (CMA)[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2006
Themselves
Horizon Award
Nominated

Vocal Group of the Year
Nominated

2007
Horizon Award
Nominated

Vocal Group of the Year
Nominated

2008

"Life in a Northern Town"(with Sugarland and Jake Owen)
Musical Event of the Year
Nominated

2009
Themselves
Vocal Group of the Year
Nominated

2010
Nominated

2011
Nominated

2012
Won

"Pontoon"
Single of the Year
Won

Music Video of the Year
Nominated

2013
Tornado
Album of the Year
Nominated

"Tornado"
Music Video of the Year
Nominated

Themselves
Vocal Group of the Year
Won

2014
Won

2015
Won

"Girl Crush"
Single of the Year
Won

Music Video of the Year
Nominated

Pain Killer
Album of the Year
Nominated

"Smokin' and Drinkin'" (with Miranda Lambert)
Musical Event of the Year
Nominated

2016
Themselves
Vocal Group of the Year
Won

2017
Won

"Better Man"
Single of the Year
Nominated

Music Video of the Year
Nominated

The Breaker
Album of the Year
Nominated

text: CMT Artists of the Year[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2015
Themselves
Artist of the Year
Won

text: CMT Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2006
"Boondocks"
Duo/Group Video of the Year
Nominated

2007
"Good as Gone"
Group Video of the Year
Nominated

2009
"Life in a Northern Town"(with Sugarland and Jake Owen)
Collaborative Video of the Year
Nominated

CMT Performance of the Year
Nominated

2011
"Little White Church"
Group Video of the Year
Nominated

2012
"Fix You" from Music Builds
CMT Performance of the Year
Nominated

2013
"Tornado"
Video of the Year
Nominated

"Pontoon"
Group Video of the Year
Nominated

2014
"Your Side of the Bed"
Nominated

2015
"Day Drinking"
Nominated

2016
"Girl Crush"
Group/Duo Video of the Year
Won

Video of the Year
Nominated

2017
"Better Man"
Video of the Year
Nominated

Group Video of the Year
Won

text: Daytime Emmy Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2013
"Good Afternoon"
Outstanding Original Song
Won

text: Grammy Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2007
The Road to Here
Best Country Album
Nominated

"Boondocks"
Best Country Vocal Performance by a Duo/Group
Nominated

2009
"Life in a Northern Town"(with Sugarland and Jake Owen)
Best Country Collaboration with Vocals
Nominated

2011
"Little White Church"
Best Country Performance by a Duo/Group with Vocals
Nominated

2013
"Pontoon"
Best Country Duo/Group Performance
Won

2014
"Your Side Of The Bed"
Nominated

2015
"Day Drinking"
Nominated

2016[19]
"Girl Crush"
Won

Pain Killer
Best Country Album
Nominated

2018[33]
The Breaker
Nominated

"Better Man"
Best Country Duo/Group Performance
Won

text: People's Choice Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2016
Themselves
Favorite Country Group
Nominated

2017
Themselves
Won

text: Teen Choice Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominated Work
Category
Result

2011
Themselves
Choice Country Group
Nominated

2013
Nominated

text: Television Appearances[edit]

text:
Year
Series
Role
Notes

2006
CMT Crossroads
Themselves
(with Lindsey Buckingham)

2013-15
CMA Music Festival: Country's Night To Rock
Themselves/Host

2014
The Voice
Themselves / Adviser
Season 7 Battle Round with Team Blake

2016
Themselves
Season 10 Finale Result

Greatest Hits
Themselves

2017
Sesame Street
Themselves
Season 47, Episode 17

2017
The Voice
Themselves
Season 12 finale performance