document_title: Give It Away (Red Hot Chili Peppers song)

question_text: give it away red hot chili peppers meaning

text: Origins and recording[edit]

text: Guitarist John Frusciante and bassist Flea wrote much of "Give It Away" during jam sessions in the early 1990s.[6] Following the Chili Peppers' tour in support of Mother's Milk (1989), the duo spent time in a side project called H.A.T.E. with members of Fishbone. During their tenure in the group, the guitarist and bassist created the main riff and accompanying bassline for "Give It Away". The rhythm was played at several H.A.T.E. performances shortly thereafter, but when the side project disbanded Frusciante and Flea believed the track would be appropriate for the Chili Peppers' upcoming record.[6] Vocalist Anthony Kiedis agreed, and upon hearing the rest of the Chili Peppers play the song he began chanting "give it away, give it away, give it away now". The phrase had been something the vocalist intended to incorporate into a song for the band's new record, but it was not until he heard the bassline that the lyrics fit. Kiedis said, "I was so struck by Flea's bass part, which covered the whole length of the instrument's neck, that I jumped up and marched over to the mic, my notebook in tow. I always had fragments of songs and ideas or even specific isolated phrases in mind."[7]

text: The song was recorded between April and June 1991 at The Mansion in Los Angeles, California.[8] Through the recording of "Give It Away" came a practice of crafting songs that the band would continue to use on every album following Blood Sugar Sex Magik.[9] When the group encountered difficulty in composing a bridge for the song, it developed a tool the members colloquially termed "face-offs". Flea and Frusciante were unable to come to an agreement on guitar or bass progressions, but separately crafted part of the song. The band then reconvened at a later time and chose the most appropriate inclusion. With "Give It Away", a chorus and verse had already been written but a bridge was lacking, so thus they partook in a "face-off".[9]

text: Lyrics and meaning[edit]

text: The lyrical meaning behind "Give It Away" is centered on the philosophy of selflessness and altruistic behavior.[6] The song is titled after its most prevalent lyrical phrase "give it away", which is taken from an experience Kiedis had with his former girlfriend—punk rock singer Nina Hagen—in the early 1980s.[6] Hagen was several years Kiedis' senior and became a role-model during his drug addiction to heroin: "she realized how young and inexperienced I was then, so she was always passing on gems to me, not in a preachy way, just by seizing on opportunities."[9] When Kiedis was looking through her closet he came across a jacket he liked, and commented to Hagen that it was "really cool".[9] Upon expressing this, Hagen immediately told him to keep it. Her reasoning behind this selflessness was due to an attempt to constantly make her life more enjoyable, and explained to Kiedis that "if you have a closet full of clothes and you try to keep them all, your life will get very small. But if you have a full closet and someone sees something they like, if you give it to them, the world is a better place."[9]

text: The act was something that affected Kiedis significantly because he had never before experienced such an enlightening ideology on life. Growing up in Los Angeles, he had always thought differently from Hagen. Instead of giving material possessions away and being free thinking, the vocalist believed one must take what one wants, as no one else will provide.[9] Instead, he now adopted Hagen's philosophy: "It was such an epiphany that someone would want to give me her favorite thing. That stuck with me forever. Every time I'd be thinking 'I have to keep,' I'd remember 'No, you gotta give away instead.' When I started going regularly to [drug and alcohol] meetings, one of the principles I had learned was that the way to maintain your own sobriety is to give it to another suffering alcoholic. Every time you empty your vessel of that energy, fresh new energy comes flooding in."[9] Flea's bassline for the song allowed Kiedis to recall this incident and he believed the music paired perfectly with the lyrics.[6] During the verses, Kiedis departs from the idea of unselfishness and sings about a variety of topics including long-time friend River Phoenix, musician Bob Marley and various sexual themes including fertility and lust.[10]

text: Music and composition[edit]

text:
"Give It Away"

"Give It Away" makes use of far drier production than previous Red Hot Chili Peppers material by removing reverb and guitar layering. Producer Rick Rubin disavowed walls of sound and  layering for simpler, more concise guitar and bass progressions.
Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: "Give It Away" is performed in the time signature of 4/4 time.[11] The track begins with a distinctively "dry" guitar tone that is similar in style to the rest of the record.[12] Producer Rick Rubin had a considerable influence on the sound of Blood Sugar Sex Magik by removing much of the reverb and guitar layering that epitomized the band's previous album Mother's Milk. This caused the record to contain simpler and dryer guitar and bass chords that were not filtered through guitar effects—those that did, however, were made with vintage electronics from the 1960s and 70s.[13] For "Give It Away", along with the rest of the album, Rubin sought to achieve a sense of atmosphere that was similar to 60s records that were made without commercialism or viability in mind and to downplay on "big" sounds: "What you hear is what you get—there's not a lot of trickery. A lot of people want the biggest sound, with walls of guitar and huge drums. But I don't think those things matter."[12] The song follows a traditional verse-chorus-verse structure; when Kiedis begins singing, Frusciante jumps into a funk-oriented riff that is repeated throughout the verse while Flea plays a complex bass-line that makes use of virtually the entire fretboard.[6][13]

text: During the chorus, Kiedis sings "Give it away, give it away, give it away now" repeatedly over a more rapid guitar riff before Frusciante provides, according to Steve Huey of Allmusic, a "sudden contrast to Kiedis' hyperactivity in the form of a languid solo pre-recorded and dubbed backwards over the rhythm track."[5] The solo was recorded in one take because Frusciante had developed a preference towards speedy execution and a raw feeling; according to Flea, "We did very little fix-up stuff. John's philosophy was that he would only play a solo twice. He'd play it once, and if he didn't like it or we didn't like it, he'd play it again—completely different. And that was it."[13] "Give It Away" also makes use of other instruments like the jew's harp, which was played by band friend Pete Weiss.[5] The song continues through several verses and choruses before reaching a bridge that introduces the outro, which consists of "a hard-rocking riff" that, according to Huey, strongly resembles the main riff from Black Sabbath's "Sweet Leaf" from their 1971 record Master of Reality.[5] Kiedis repeats "Give it away now" for several measures before the guitar, bass and drums drop out.

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: "Give It Away" was released as the lead single from Blood Sugar Sex Magik in early September 1991, shortly before the record went on sale. Warner Bros. sought to premiere the song on a popular rock radio station in Texas, but were turned down when the format refused to air the track—they told employees at the label to "come back to us when you have a melody in your song".[14] The band then embarked on a short press tour through Europe in order to promote the record; it was during this time that KROQ-FM, a Los Angeles-based modern rock station, began to place "Give It Away" on heavy rotation. According to Kiedis, "That was the beginning of the infusion of those songs into mass consciousness."[15]

text: Critical reception to the song, much like the album, was highly positive. Jeff Vice of Deseret News noted "[this] dynamic first single that pays homage to Bob Marley, may start a new musical trend with its brilliant Rasta-funk."[16] Patrick MacDonald of The Seattle Times commented that "[Blood Sugar Sex Magik] includes one of the best songs the Peppers have done—'Give It Away', the first single. The hook is irresistible and the message, about 'material excess,' is delivered simply and straightforwardly."[17] Steve Huey of Allmusic felt the song was enhanced by Kiedis' lyrics, which were "a free-associative mixture of positive vibes, tributes to musical heroes, and free love, and their literal meaning was often as difficult to understand as Kiedis' nasal, staccato enunciation. But that distinctive vocal style helped make the most comprehensible lines even catchier and more memorable, greatly enhancing the song's appeal."[5] He continued by praising the track's music, "John Frusciante's guitar should not be underappreciated either; his noisy, scratchy funk-rock work add[s] depth and texture to the powerhouse rhythm section of Flea and Chad Smith."[5] Jay Clarke of the Richmond Times-Dispatch felt "Give It Away" was "a journey into the funky world of Kiedis and Flea. This song invigorates better than the heaviest metal or the most hard-core rap."[18] Tom Moon of Rolling Stone noted, "The pummeling 'Give It Away' [...] established a template for rock punctuated by the beatcentric relentlessness of hip-hop that would be appropriated by everyone."[19]

text: Since the song's release, it has become a notable factor in the Red Hot Chili Peppers' success and has won a variety of accolades. "Give It Away" won a Grammy award at the 35th Ceremony in 1993  for the "Best Hard Rock Performance".[20] In 1994 "Give It Away" was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's unordered list of the "500 Songs That Shaped Rock";[21] in 2002 Kerrang! placed the song at number 67 in their list of the "100 Greatest Singles of All Time";[22] in 2004 Q included it in their unordered list of the "1001 Songs You Must Own!";[23] and VH1 awarded the song the 50th spot in its 2009 compilation of the "100 Greatest Hard Rock Songs".[24]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video for "Give It Away" was made by French fashion photographer and director Stéphane Sednaoui. Kiedis wanted the video to be visually distinct and readily identifiable but disliked much of the material Warner Bros. sent for him to choose from: "I started viewing reels and reels and reels of video directors but nothing looked good to me. Everything was the same, boring, homogenized, contrived shit."[25] Upon finding Sednaoui's reel, however, Kiedis noticed it was "like nothing else. It was slower and poetic, shot in black and white. It seemed like authentic art, not something shot for MTV."[25] He and Flea met with Sednaoui to talk about the video, for which the director proposed a "very desolated [and] very graphic landscape," while heavily focusing on the band members with little to no outside influence.[26] It was decided that the video would be filmed in black and white while Sednaoui took the idea of painting the band members with silver acrylic from previous photo shoots he had done. Sednaoui recalls that he was "amazed by what [the band] gave me because they went far far far beyond what I was expecting and I think that's one of my best experiences in that regard".[26] The overall mood of the video was intended to be a personification of the song, which is upbeat and lively.[10]

text: Sednaoui experimented with a variety of cinematography techniques including wide-angle lenses, shots from below the subjects, superimposition, vertically cut screens displaying different angles of the same shot, reverse film effects, multiple lighting situations and flashy clothing to convey his concept.[26] Frusciante noted the feeling of the video to be extremely vibrant and over the top: "When it was us just painting ourselves silver and wearing these big silver boots and stuff, I mean it felt like glam rock or something."[26] The video begins with a wide-angle shot of Flea in a desert setting wearing pants with several gold colored horns protruding from each leg. The bassist is standing in a meditative stance and brings his arms together above his head when the music begins to play. The video then transitions between a variety of shots edited together that consist of the four band members standing with their eyes closed; the band dancing around in a dimly lit setting; a ground view of Frusciante playing a reflective silver Fender Stratocaster in between his legs while wearing pants made up entirely of small pieces of mirror; the band members moving around with full makeup on; and the band members dancing frenziedly. Kiedis adopted a deliberately outlandish wardrobe which incorporated gold lipstick, thinly braided hair, revealing meshed shorts and bright silver boots.[26]

text: During the backwards guitar solo, Frusciante was filmed waving a large aluminum ribbon; Kiedis was initially apprehensive about Sednaoui's desire for the guitarist to do so, believing he would tell the director "'Fuck you and take that dancing ribbon and shove it up your French ass, buddy' but [Frusciante] gladly went off and made love to the air with this dancing ribbon. He would have danced around for hours with that thing."[14] The footage was edited in reverse to complement the solo. While some of the scenes in the video were planned with a storyboard, much of it was improvised or made up on the spot over the two-day shoot.[26] During a particular scene Kiedis began to move his tongue flamboyantly to dramatically accentuate the lyrics, which Sednaoui believed was extremely beneficial to the exuberant nature of the video.[26] Where the video begins in what appears to be the daytime, it concludes at dusk with silhouettes of the band members running into the setting sun.

text: The video—which cost an estimated $140,000 to produce—was completed while Kiedis and Frusciante were on a promotional trip through Europe in support of Blood Sugar Sex Magik.[27] When the vocalist first saw it, he was "more hysterically ecstatic about that piece of visual footage than anything [the band had] ever done."[15] Warner Bros. executives, however, were worried that the content would be "too weird" or "too artsy" for the general public and favored a more traditional premise in contrast to the experimental approach Sednaoui took.[15] The video was ultimately released without being edited by the record label; since then it has been widely credited as being a considerable factor in the Red Hot Chili Peppers' success and greatly increased their international popularity.[28] Journalist Jeff Apter noted the video's "funky brew of goofy looks, a subtle invasive hook, Flea's spindly fingered baseline and Kiedis' crotch-hugging shorts made the clip essential viewing across MTV throughout the last few months of 1991."[28] Steve Huey of Allmusic commented in his review of the song that "MTV jumped all over the visually distinctive video."[5] It was nominated for three awards—"Best Alternative Video", "Breakthrough Video", and "Best Art Direction"—at the 1992 MTV Video Music Awards, for which it won the latter two.[28]

text: Live performances[edit]

text: "Give It Away" has been performed live by the band over 775 times, the most out of any of the band's songs and 26 years after its first performance; it remains a staple in the band's setlists, often closing the show.[29] The band has performed the song on various talk shows and other events, including Saturday Night Live on March 6, 2006;[30] as well as during the Super Bowl XLVIII halftime show on February 2, 2014.[31]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Red Hot Chili Peppers

text:
Flea – bass, scream
John Frusciante – lead and rhythm guitar
Anthony Kiedis – vocals
Chad Smith – drums, tambourine

text: Additional musicians

text:
Brendan O'Brien – Hammond B3 organ
Pete Weiss – Jew's harp

text: Formats and track listing[edit]

text:
US Cassette single (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
European Cassette single (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Soul to Squeeze" – 4:52
7" single 1 (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
7" single 2 (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Search and Destroy – 3:34
12" single (1991)
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"Give It Away" (Single Mix) – 4:46
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
"Give It Away" – 4:43
CD single 1 (1991)
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
"Soul to Squeeze" – 4:52
CD single 2 (1991)
"Give It Away" (Single Mix) – 4:46
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"Give It Away" – 4:43

CD single 3 (1992)
"Give It Away" (Single Mix) – 4:46
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Search and Destroy" – 3:34
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"Give It Away" – 4:43
"Soul to Squeeze" – 4:52
European 12" (1993)
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"If You Have to Ask" (Disco-Krisco Mix) – 7:12
CD single 4 (1994 CD1 re-release)
"Give It Away" (Single Mix) – 4:46
"Give It Away" (12" Mix) – 6:02
"Give It Away" (Rasta Mix) – 6:47
"Soul to Squeeze" – 4:52
CD single 5 (1994 CD2 re-release)
"Give It Away" (Edit) – 3:46
"If You Have to Ask" (Friday Night Fever Blister Mix) – 6:34
"If You Have to Ask" (Scott & Garth Mix) – 7:12
"Nobody Weird Like Me" (Live) – 5:03

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1991/1992/1994)

Peakposition

Australia (ARIA)[32]

41

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[33]

30

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[34]

42

France (SNEP)[35]

49

Ireland (IRMA)[36]

19

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[37]

22

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[38]

9

US Billboard Hot 100[39]

73

US Billboard Modern Rock Tracks

1

text: Cover version[edit]

text:
A double-parody of "Give It Away" and "Under the Bridge" titled "Bedrock Anthem" was recorded by "Weird Al" Yankovic in his 1993 album Alapalooza.
Idina Menzel performed a few bars of the song as part of her exit music on her 2015 World Tour.


document_title: Dude, Where's My Car?

question_text: dude wheres my car what are they looking for

root

text: Dude, Where's My Car?

text: Plot[edit]

text: Jesse and Chester awaken with hangovers and no memory of the previous night. The television is on, showing an Animal Planet program about how animals use twigs and rocks as tools to get food. Their refrigerator is filled with containers of chocolate pudding, and the answering machine contains an angry message from their twin girlfriends Wilma and Wanda as to their whereabouts. They emerge from their home to find Jesse's car missing, and with it their girlfriends' first-anniversary presents. This prompts Jesse to ask the film's titular question: "Dude, where's my car?"

tag: p

text: Because the girls have promised them a "special treat", which Jesse and Chester take to mean sex, the men are desperate to retrieve their car. The duo begins retracing their steps in an attempt to discover where they left the car. Along the way, they encounter a transgender stripper, a belligerent speaker box operator at a Chinese restaurant's drive-through, two appropriately-worded tattoos they discover on each other's backs, UFO cultists led by Zoltan (who later hold the twins hostage), a Cantonese-speaking Chinese tailor, the Zen-minded Nelson and his cannabis-loving dog, the attractive Christie Boner, the aggressive jock Tommy (who is the boyfriend of Christie) and his friends, a couple of hard-nosed police detectives, and a reclusive French ostrich farmer named Pierre. They also meet two groups of aliens, one group being five gorgeous women, the other being two Norwegian men, searching for the "Continuum Transfunctioner"; a mysterious and powerful device, capable of destroying the universe, that the boys accidentally picked up last night.

text: After Pierre releases the duo after they answered a question about ostriches correctly, Jesse and Chester head over to a local arcade named Captain Stu's Space-O-Rama. Once inside, they encounter Zoltan and his cultists who give them Wilma and Wanda in exchange for the Continuum Transfunctioner (which is a toy that Jesse and Chester tried to pass off as the Transfunctioner); Tommy, Christie, and the jocks arrive along with Nelson and his dog (whom they release after Tommy snatches the fake Transfunctioner from Zoltan). The two sets of aliens arrive and notify of the real Continuum Transfunctioner: a Rubik's Cube that Chester has been working hard to solve, and eventually does (thus activating it). They are warned that once the five lights stop flashing, the universe will be destroyed.

text: Jesse and Chester must determine which of two sets of aliens is entitled to the device. One of the groups is there to protect the universe, the other is there to destroy it. Both claim to be the protectors of the universe, stating that they were with Jesse and Chester the previous night (which Jesse and Chester still cannot remember) and ask for the Transfunctioner. The two correctly choose the men, because when the men were asked what they did the night before, they correctly respond that they got a hole in one at the 18th hole at the arcade's miniature golf park, and won a lifetime supply of pudding. At the last second, they deactivate the Transfunctioner, saving the universe.

text: Thwarted, the five alien women merge to become a giantess who swallows Tommy alive. The giantess then crawls out of the amusement center and chases Jesse and Chester. The cultists tell them to activate the Photon Accelerator Annihilation Beam on the Transfunctioner. However, the button that activates it is too far in to reach. At the last second, Chester remembers the nature show with the tool-using chimps and uses a straw to push the recessed button, thus destroying the alien (Tommy survives, but Christie breaks up with him in favor of Nelson). The protectors thank Jesse, Chester and the twins for saving the world, and erase their minds concerning the events. The protectors park the duo's car, a Renault Le Car, behind a mail truck for them to find the following morning. Jesse and Chester salvage their relationships with the twins and discover the special treat from the girls turns out to be matching knitted caps and scarves. The protectors leave a gift for their girlfriends (and, for the two men): Breast Enhancement Necklaces. The film ends with Jesse, Chester, and the twins going in Jesse's car out for Chinese food while arguing what the tattoo said on each other's back.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ashton Kutcher as Jesse Montgomery III
Seann William Scott as Chester Greenburg
Jennifer Garner as Wanda
Marla Sokoloff as Wilma
Kristy Swanson as Christie Boner
David Herman as Nelson
Hal Sparks as Zoltan
Charlie O'Connell as Tommy
John Toles-Bey as Mr. Pizzacoli
James Vincent as Jeff
Keone Young as Mr. Lee
Brent Spiner as Pierre (uncredited)
Andy Dick as Mark (uncredited)
Jodi Ann Paterson as Giantess (uncredited)

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming took place from June 12, 2000 to August 1, 2000.

text: Release[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, reports that 18% of 55 surveyed critics gave the film a positive review; the average rating is 3.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "The movie isn't funny, the plot is too thin, and the production values feel more like a TV sitcom than a movie."[3] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 30 out of 100 based on 17 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[4] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B−" on an A+ to F scale.[5] The BBC Film review gave it 1 star, calling the film "a lame-brained travesty" and "intensely irritating" and Kutcher and Scott's routines "painfully unamusing".[6] USA Today said: "Any civilization that can produce a movie this stupid probably deserves to be hit by famine and pestilence." The Chicago Tribune said: "At the end of 83 unmerciful minutes, audiences will be exclaiming, 'Dude, I can't believe I sat through that movie!?'" and the New York Post said that it was: "An almost chuckle-free mess, so amateurish and lame that the cast often has that embarrassed look you see on dogs given ridiculous haircuts."[4] However, the New York Daily News did praise the "surprisingly sweet-natured pairing" of Kutcher and Scott.[7]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened at #2 at the North American box office, grossing US$13.8 million in its opening weekend behind What Women Want, which opened at the top spot with US$33 million.[8] Its overall gross came to $46 million in the US and $73.2 million in total worldwide from a $13 million budget.[8]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The DVD was released on June 26, 2001 with 7 deleted and extended scenes, an audio commentary with Kutcher, Scott, and Leiner, a behind-the-scenes featurette, the music video for Grand Theft Audio's "Stoopid Ass", TV spots, and the theatrical trailer.

text: On TV in the USA, when Jesse and Chester first see Christie Boner, they say her name, but when they get to "Bon-", the words are cut and the shot moves to Christie.[9]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack for the film was released December 15, 2000 by London Import.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Stoopid Ass" – Grand Theft Audio
"Playmate Of The Year" – Zebrahead
"Lighting The Way" – Superdrag
"I'm Afraid of Britney Spears" – Liveonrelease
"Authenticity" – Harvey Danger
"Voodoo Lady" – Ween
"Listen To The Music" – Dangerman
"So Cal Loco (Party Like a Rockstar)" – Sprung Monkey
"We Luv U" – Grand Theft Audio
"Lunatic" – Silt
"Sorry About Your Luck" – Spy
"Bust a Move" – Young MC

tag: ol

text: Other songs[edit]

text: Songs featured in the film but not included in the soundtrack

text:
"It Could Be You" – Blur
"Come on, Come on," – Smash Mouth
"You Sexy Thing" – Hot Chocolate
"Claire Danes Poster" – Size 14
"Let it Ride" – Spy
"Right Now" – SR-71
"American Psycho" – Treble Charger
"Here We Go (Radio Edit) - Freestylers
"The Bubble Bunch" – Jimmy Spicer
"Zoltan's Theme" – turtle?
"Little Things" – Good Charlotte
"What I Believe" – Sum 41
"Bakhuphuka Izwe Lonke" – Ladysmith Black Mambazo
"Sitar Dude" – Terry Wilson
"Canon written by Pachelbel" – arranged by Lee Ashley
"La Marseillaise" – written by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Dude, Where's My Car? is referenced widely in many different situations. Some examples are listed below.

text: Author and filmmaker Michael Moore published a book titled Dude, Where's My Country?, criticizing the United States' response to 9/11.

text: In 2012, the Pittsburgh Pirates started using the "Zoltan" hand signal from the film as a way for players to congratulate their teammates after an accomplishment such as a home run or a double play. The habit started after the Pirates (in particular Neil Walker) were watching Dude, Where's My Car? in the visiting clubhouse at Turner Field in Atlanta during an April 2012 weekend series against the Atlanta Braves.[10] After a Twitter campaign to encourage the "real" Zoltan to appear at a game, Hal Sparks flew to Pittsburgh on July 25, 2012 to throw out the ceremonial first pitch, and was on hand to see the Pirates win 3–2 over his hometown team, the Chicago Cubs. Also there to support the team was Hal's girlfriend, Summer Soltis, whose family is from the area and are Pirates fans themselves.[11] Despite picking up a cult following in Pittsburgh[12] and helping the team contend in the playoff race well into September, the Pirates finished with a 79–83 record, extending their major North American professional sports record to 20 consecutive losing seasons.

text: Cancelled sequel[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: A sequel titled Seriously Dude, Where's My Car? was in development for years, but never came to be. The first movie was a breakthrough role for Ashton Kutcher, allowing him to transition from That '70s Show to movie stardom. The sequel was scheduled to begin filming in 2003. Scott was interested in the sequel, but Kutcher shot the idea down before filming could begin.

text: The film's sequel would leave off where the first movie ended. Jesse, Chester, Wanda and Wilma would end up traveling in their flying car to a planet populated by giant women.

text: During a 2-day 2016 event in Paris however, Ashton Kutcher confirmed the existence of a script for Seriously Dude, Where's My Car? He further elaborated that he would not be completely against reprising his role in the sequel.[13]


document_title: Ages of consent in Africa

question_text: what age is statutory rape in south africa

question_tokens: what age is statutory rape in south africa

text: Ages of consent in Africa

text: Consent by age[edit]

text:
Age
Countries (links are to sections on this page)

12
Angola

13
Burkina Faso, Comoros, Niger, Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic

14
Botswana (Males), Cape Verde, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Females), Lesotho, Madagascar, Madeira (Portugal), São Tomé and Príncipe

15
French Southern and Antarctic Lands (France), Îles Éparses (France), Guinea, Mayotte (France), Morocco, Réunion (France)

16
Algeria, Botswana (Females), Cameroon, Ceuta (Spain), Canary Islands, Ghana, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Melilla (Spain), Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia (Girls), Plazas de soberanía (Spain), Senegal, South Africa, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom), Swaziland, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe

18
Benin, Burundi, Central African Republic, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo (Males), Djibouti, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Kenya, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Somalia, Tanzania, Tunisia, Uganda

Must be Married
Libya, Sudan

text: Algeria[edit]

text: The age of consent in Algeria is 16 for vaginal intercourse. "Heterosexual Sodomy" (anal and/or oral sex with an opposite-sex partner) is illegal, Article 388 of the Penal Code. As well as all same-sex sexual conduct, Article 338, and "outrages to public decency", Article 333. The punishment for both the first two activities with those under 18 years of age is more severe for the older participant.[1]

text: Angola[edit]

text: The age of consent in Angola is 12 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[2] However, while rarely prosecuted, sexual relations with a child between the ages of 12 and 15 are considered sexual abuse which is punishable with up to 8 years in prison.[3]

text: Benin[edit]

text: The age of consent in Benin is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[4]

text: Botswana[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16 for females and 14 for males, but male homosexuality is punishable by 7 years imprisonment.[5]

text: Burkina Faso[edit]

text: The age of consent is equally set at 13 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[6]

text: Burundi[edit]

text: Under the new Penal Code of 2009 (in French), the age of consent in Burundi for heterosexuals (both men and women) is 18 years.[6] However, under Article 567, homosexual acts (both men and women) carry a fine of up to 100,000 Burundian francs and up to 3 years imprisonment.[7]

text: Cameroon[edit]

text: The age of consent in Cameroon is 16.[8]

text: Cape Verde[edit]

text: The age of consent in Cape Verde is 14 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[9]

text: Central African Republic[edit]

text: The minimum age of sexual consent is 18 years of age regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[9]

text: Ceuta (Spain)[edit]

text: The age of consent in Cueta is 16, as it is under Spanish sovereignty, as of 1 July 2015.[10]

text: Chad[edit]

text: The age of consent in Chad is 14 for girls, even if she is married, but the ban is rarely enforced.[11] The age of consent for boys is not known.[clarification needed]

text: Comoros[edit]

text: The age of consent in the Comoros is 13.[12]

text: Côte d'Ivoire[edit]

text: The age of consent in Côte d'Ivoire is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[13]

text: Canary Islands (Spain)[edit]

text: Democratic Republic of the Congo[edit]

text: The age of consent in the Democratic Republic of the Congo is 14 for females and 18 for males.[14]

text: Djibouti[edit]

text: The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[15] Although Djiboutian law establishes that parties to a marriage should be 18 or over, there is an exemption in cases where minors may marry with the consent of their guardians. Effectively this means the age of consent is lower than 18, especially in rural areas; in 2007, 13.6% of married women under the age of 50 married before the age of 18.[16]

text: Egypt[edit]

text: The age of consent in Egypt is 18 years, for heterosexual males and females. Sex work is illegal and the sex work law has been used against male and female homosexuals.[17]

text: Equatorial Guinea[edit]

text: The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[18]

text: Eritrea[edit]

text: The age of consent in Eritrea is 18, as stipulated by Article 595.[19]

text: Ethiopia[edit]

text: The minimum age for consensual sex is 18 years.[9] The law, however, is not enforced; nearly 20% of girls are married by the age of 15. Early childhood marriage is especially common in rural areas, where some girls are married as young as 7 years old.[20]

text: French Southern and Antarctic Lands (France)[edit]

text: Îles Éparses (France)[edit]

text: Gabon[edit]

text: The age of consent in Gabon is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[21]

text: Gambia[edit]

text: The age of consent is 18.[22]

text: Ghana[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16.[23]

text: Guinea[edit]

text: The age of consent is 15.[24]

text: Guinea-Bissau[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[25]

text: Kenya[edit]

text: The age of consent in Kenya is 18 years, as children are defined under 18 and are not able to give consent.[26] Marriage is possible below the age of 18; although the law is unclear, this probably confers adult status to the participant.[27] Male homosexuality in Kenya is illegal; female homosexuality may be illegal.[28]

text: Lesotho[edit]

text: The age of consent is 14 years, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender [29]

text: Liberia[edit]

text: The age of consent in Liberia is 18.[30] Statutory rape is a first-degree rape offense which carries a maximum sentence of life imprisonment. The age of consent was raised to 18, from 16, in 2009.[31][32]

text: Libya[edit]

text: During the Gaddafi government, the regular age of consent was 18, but 16 years old women could be married as long the parents consented. Pre-marital sex was illegal.

text: After the 2011 revolution, the age of consent limit was removed. Presently, there is no defined age of consent, although sex is not allowed outside of marriage.[33] However, the law is practically never enforced due to the Libyan Civil War.

text: Madagascar[edit]

text: Age of consent is 14 years, according to article 331 in the Criminal Law. In certain cases, including relatives and homosexuals, it is 21 years.Droit francophone: Code Pénal du 17 juin 1972 mis à jour au 30 juin 1998[permanent dead link]

text: Malawi[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[34]

text: Mali[edit]

text: The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[35]

text: Mauritania[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16.[36] However, under section 306 of the Legal Code, any act that violates Islamic Morality is illegal, but a clear definition of morality does not exist in the country's laws, so it is very open to interpretation by local officials as to what is moral and what is not. Thus, many acts surrounding the age of consent could be considered illegal.[37]

text: Mauritius[edit]

text: The age of consent in Mauritius is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.

text: Article 249 ‘Rape, attempt upon chastity and illegal sexual intercourse’ of the Penal Code:[38]

text: (...) Any person who has sexual intercourse with a female 'under the age of sixteen (16), even with consent, shall be liable to penal servitude not exceeding ten (10) years.

text: Madeira (Portugal)[edit]

text: Mayotte (France)[edit]

text: Melilla (Spain)[edit]

text: Morocco[edit]

text: The age of consent is 15, per Art. 484 of the Penal Code.[39][40]

text: Mozambique[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[41]

text: Namibia[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16 for girls.

text: ‘Sexual offences with girls under sixteen (16) years’, Section 14 of the 'Combating of Immoral Practices Act 1980'

text: '(1) Any male who

text: a) has or attempts to have unlawful carnal intercourse with a girl under the age of sixteen (16) years; or

text: b) commits or attempts to commit with such a girl an immoral or indecent act;

text: c) solicits or entices such a girl to the commission of an immoral or indecent act, -shall be guilty of an offence and liable on conviction to imprisonment for a period not exceeding six years with or without a fine not exceeding three thousand rand in addition to such imprisonment.

text: (2) It shall be a sufficient defence to any charge in terms of this section if it appears to the court -

text: a) that the girl at the time of the commission of the offence was a prostitute, that the person so charged was at the said time under the age of twenty-one (21) years and that it is the first occasion on which he is so charged; or

text: b) that the person who charged was at the said time under the age of sixteen (16) years ; and

text: c) that the girl or person in whose charge she was, deceived the person so charged into believing that she was over the age of sixteen (16) years at the said time.' [42]

text: Niger[edit]

text: Article 284 of the Niger legal code sets the age of consent at 13 years.[43]

text: Nigeria[edit]

text: The age of consent is 18 years.[44] [Section 31 of the Child's Rights Act 2003. Also Sections 21 and 22 of the same Act prohibit Child marriage or betrothal.] However, homosexuality is illegal.

text: Plazas de soberanía (Spain)[edit]

text: Republic of the Congo[edit]

text: The age of consent in the Republic of the Congo is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. Sex with a minor is punishable by up to 5 years in prison and a fine of 10,000,000 CFA.[45]

text: Réunion (France)[edit]

text: Rwanda[edit]

text: The age of consent in Rwanda is 18 years, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[17]

text: São Tomé and Príncipe[edit]

text: The age of consent in São Tomé and Príncipe is 14 years, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[46]

text: Senegal[edit]

text: The age of consent in Senegal is 16 (Article 320 deals with children under 16; Article 319 deals with children under 13). Homosexual sex is illegal.[47]

text: Seychelles[edit]

text: The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[48]

text: According to the U.S. State Department, the Seychelles age of consent is "traditionally understood" to be 15 but that the country's statutes "fail to clearly define the ages of consent and legal majority"; according to the State Department this causes confusion in regards to the "traditionally understood" age of consent and the age of majority of 18 and therefore complicates enforcement of the law.[49]

text: Sierra Leone[edit]

text: The age of consent is 18 regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender, under the new Sexual Offenses Act 2012.[50]

text: Somalia[edit]

text: Article 29 of the national constitution of Somalia defines a child as any individual under the age of 18, and stipulates that "every child has the right to be protected from mistreatment, neglect, abuse, or degradation." This information, however, does not prove that there is an actual age of consent, thus making it difficult to draw a line.[51] Homosexual sex is illegal.[52]

text: South Africa[edit]

text: The age of consent in South Africa is 16, as specified by sections 15 and 16 of the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007. Section 15 ("statutory rape") prohibits the commission of "an act of sexual penetration with a child who is 12 years of age or older but under the age of 16 years", while section 16 ("statutory sexual assault") prohibits the commission of "an act of sexual violation with a child who is 12 years of age or older but under the age of 16 years".[53] The law includes a close-in-age exception, so that sexual acts between two children where both are between 12 and 16, or where one is under 16 and the other is less than two years older, are not criminal.[53] Children under the age of 12 are conclusively presumed by the law to be incapable of consenting, so a sexual act with a child under that age constitutes rape or sexual assault.[54]

text: History[edit]

text: Under the Roman-Dutch common law there was a conclusive presumption that girls under the age of 12 were unable to consent to sexual intercourse.[55] This presumption can be traced back to the "old authorities" of the seventeenth century.[56]

text: The Girls' and Mentally Defective Women's Protection Act, 1916, which replaced the differing age of consent laws of the four colonies that formed the Union of South Africa, criminalised sexual intercourse between a man and a girl under the age of sixteen unless they were married. This act was replaced by a similar prohibition in section 14 of the Immorality Act, 1957. Although sex between men was already illegal, prohibited by the common law as "sodomy" or "unnatural sexual acts", the Immorality Act also criminalised sexual intercourse between a man and a boy under sixteen.

text: The Immorality Amendment Act, 1969, which was enacted in response to a national moral panic over homosexuality, raised to 19 the age below which the Immorality Act prohibited sex between males. The Immorality Amendment Act, 1988 inserted mirror provisions applying to women, prohibiting intercourse between a woman and a boy under 16 or a girl under 19. It also renamed the Immorality Act to the Sexual Offences Act, 1957.

text: The Interim Constitution, which came into force in 1994, prohibited discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation, as does the final Constitution which replaced in 1997. As a result, the Constitutional Court struck down the laws prohibiting homosexual sex in the 1998 case of National Coalition for Gay and Lesbian Equality v Minister of Justice. That case did not, however, address the difference between the heterosexual and homosexual ages of consent in section 14 of the Sexual Offences Act.

text: In the Criminal Law (Sexual Offences and Related Matters) Amendment Act, 2007, Parliament reformed and codified the law on sexual offences and made it gender-neutral. The common-law presumption relating to girls under 12 was replaced by a general presumption that children under 12 cannot consent. The act also fixed the age of consent at 16 for all sexual acts. In the 2008 case of Geldenhuys v National Director of Public Prosecutions, the Constitutional Court held that the former difference in the ages of consent had been unconstitutional.[57]

text: South Sudan[edit]

text: The age of consent in South Sudan is 18.[58][59][60][61]

text: Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)[edit]

text: Age of sexual consent is 16, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender

text: Sudan[edit]

text: Intercourse in Sudan is against the law if not married '.[62]

text: Swaziland[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16.

text: A girl under the age of fourteen (14) cannot consent to sexual intercourse under criminal law. However, under Statutory Law, according to the Girls and Women Protection Act, a girl under the age of sixteen (16) can not in any way consent to sexual intercourse.[63]

text: Tanzania[edit]

text: The age of consent is 18 in Tanzania, but as of 2010/2011 the law is not enforced.[64]

text: Togo[edit]

text: The age of consent in Togo is 16.[65]

text: Tunisia[edit]

text: The age of consent in Tunisia is 18 (since 2010). However, there appears to be a marital exception in the law that allows a minor over 15 to consent to sex with an adult if the minor is married to the adult.[66][67]

text: Uganda[edit]

text: The age of consent in Uganda is 18 years, for vaginal intercourse.[68][69] "Heterosexual sodomy" (anal and/or oral sex with an opposite-sex partner) and all same-sex sexual conduct was illegal until January 2014 when President Museveni blocked the anti-gay law.

text: Zambia[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16.[70]

text: Zimbabwe[edit]

text: The age of consent is 16.[71]

text: All male same-sex hand-holding and/or male same-sex sexual conduct can lead to one year's imprisonment.[citation needed] Same-sex hand-holding is illegal.[72]


document_title: Beverly Hills Cop

question_text: who played the police chief in beverly hills cop

text: Beverly Hills Cop

text: Plot[edit]

text: Young and reckless Detroit police detective Axel Foley's latest unauthorized sting operation goes sour when two uniformed officers intervene, resulting in a high-speed chase through the city which causes widespread damage. His boss Inspector Douglas Todd reprimands Axel for his behavior and threatens to fire him unless he changes his ways on the force. Axel arrives at his apartment to find it has been broken into by his childhood friend, Mikey Tandino. Mikey did time in prison, but ended up working as a security guard in Beverly Hills, thanks to a mutual friend, Jenny Summers. Mikey shows Axel some German bearer bonds and Axel wonders how he got them, but chooses not to question him about it. After hanging out at a bar, they return to Axel's apartment, where two men knock Axel unconscious and then confront Mikey about the bearer bonds, and kill him.

text: Axel asks to investigate Mikey's murder, but Inspector Todd refuses to allow it because of his close ties to Mikey. Axel uses the guise of taking vacation time to head to Beverly Hills to solve the crime alone. He finds Jenny working in an art gallery and learns about Mikey's ties to Victor Maitland, the gallery's owner. Posing as a flower deliveryman, Axel goes to Maitland's office and tries to question him about Mikey, but is thrown out a window by Maitland's bodyguards and arrested. At the police station, Lieutenant Andrew Bogomil assigns Sergeant John Taggart and Detective Billy Rosewood to follow Axel. Taggart and Rosewood have a humiliating encounter with Axel that night, and do not get along with him at first, but the three do begin to develop a mutual respect after they foil a robbery at a striptease bar.

text: On the trail of Mikey's killers, Axel sneaks into one of Maitland's warehouses, where he finds coffee grounds, which he suspects were used to pack drugs. He also discovers that many of Maitland's crates have not gone through customs. After being arrested again, this time after a scuffle at Maitland's country club, Axel admits to Bogomil that Maitland must be a smuggler. Police Chief Hubbard, who has learned of Axel's ill-advised investigative actions, orders that Axel be escorted out of town. However, Axel convinces Rosewood to pick up Jenny instead and take her with them to Maitland's warehouse, where a shipment is due to arrive that day.

text: Axel and Jenny break into the warehouse and discover several bags of cocaine inside a crate. Before Axel can get this new found evidence to  Rosewood, Maitland and his associates arrive. Maitland takes Jenny and leaves Axel to be killed, but after some hesitation, Rosewood enters the warehouse and rescues Axel. Taggart tracks Axel and Rosewood to Maitland's estate, where he joins the two in their efforts to rescue Jenny and bring Maitland to justice. Together, the trio wipe out a number of Maitland's men, including Zack, Maitland's right-hand man and Mikey's killer. With Bogomil's help, Axel then fatally shoots Maitland and rescues Jenny. Bogomil fabricates a story to Hubbard that covers for all the participants without discrediting the Beverly Hills Police force. Realizing that he may be fired in Detroit, Axel asks Bogomil to speak to Inspector Todd and smooth things over for him. Later, Taggart and Rosewood meet Axel as he checks out of his hotel, and pay his bill. Axel invites them to join him for a farewell drink, and they accept.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Eddie Murphy as Axel Foley
Judge Reinhold as Detective Billy Rosewood
John Ashton as Sergeant Taggart
Lisa Eilbacher as Jenny Summers
Ronny Cox as Lieutenant Andrew Bogomil
Steven Berkoff as Victor Maitland
James Russo as Mikey Tandino
Stephen Elliott as Chief Hubbard
Paul Reiser as Jeffrey
Jonathan Banks as Zack
Gilbert R. Hill as Inspector Todd
Bronson Pinchot as Serge

text: Production[edit]

text: In 1977, Paramount executive Don Simpson came up with a movie idea about a cop from East L.A. who transferred to Beverly Hills.[4] Screenwriter Danilo Bach was called in to write the screenplay. Bach pitched his idea to Simpson and Paramount in 1981 under the name Beverly Drive, about a cop from Pittsburgh named Elly Axel.[4] However, his script was a straight action film and Bach was forced to make changes to the script, but after a few attempts the project went stale.[4] With the success of Flashdance (1983), Simpson saw the Beverly Hills film as his next big project.[4] Daniel Petrie, Jr. was brought in to rewrite the script and Paramount loved Petrie's humorous approach to the project, with the lead character now called Axel Elly, from Detroit.[4] Producer Jerry Bruckheimer claimed that the role of Axel Foley was first offered to Mickey Rourke, who signed a $400,000 holding contract to do the film. When revisions and other preparations took longer than expected, Rourke left the project to do another film.

text: Sylvester Stallone was originally considered for the part of Foley.[5] Stallone gave the script a dramatic rewrite and made it into a straight action film.[4] In one of the previous drafts written for Stallone, the character of Billy Rosewood was called "Siddons" and was killed off half-way through the script during one of the action scenes.[6] Stallone had renamed the lead character to Axel Cobretti, with the character of Michael Tandino being his brother and Jenny Summers playing his love interest. Stallone has said that his script for Beverly Hills Cop would have "looked like the opening scene from Saving Private Ryan on the beaches of Normandy. Believe it or not, the finale was me in a stolen Lamborghini playing chicken with an oncoming freight train being driven by the ultra-slimy bad guy."[4] However, Stallone's ideas were deemed "too expensive" for Paramount to produce and Stallone ultimately pulled out two weeks before filming was to start. Two days later, the film's producers, Simpson and Bruckheimer, convinced Eddie Murphy to replace Stallone in the film, prompting more rewrites.[7] Besides Stallone and Rourke, other actors who were considered for the role of Axel Foley included Richard Pryor, Al Pacino, and James Caan.[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Beverly Hills Cop received critical acclaim upon its release, and is considered by many as one of the best films of 1984.[9][10][unreliable source?] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote "Beverly Hills Cop finds Eddie Murphy doing what he does best: playing the shrewdest, hippest, fastest-talking underdog in a rich man's world. Eddie Murphy knows exactly what he's doing, and he wins at every turn".[11] Richard Schickel of Time magazine wrote that "Eddie Murphy exuded the kind of cheeky, cocky charm that has been missing from the screen since Cagney was a pup, snarling his way out of the ghetto".[12]  Axel Foley became Murphy's signature role and was ranked No. 78 on Empire magazine's list of The 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time.[13] Also, Entertainment Weekly magazine ranked Beverly Hills Cop as the third best comedy film of the last 25 years. According to Christopher Hitchens, the British novelist and poet Kingsley Amis considered the film "a flawless masterpiece."[14]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected reviews from 44 critics to give the film a score of 84%, with an average score of 7.1/10. The site's consensus reads, "The buddy cop movie continues its evolution unabated with this Eddie Murphy vehicle that's fast, furious, and funny."[15] In 2003, the film was picked as one of the 1000 Best Movies Ever Made by The New York Times.[16]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film was released on December 5, 1984 in 1,532 theaters.[3] It debuted in first place at the U.S. box office, making $15,214,805 in its first five days of release. It stayed at number one for 13 consecutive weeks and returned to number one in its 15th weekend making 14 non-consecutive weeks at number one tying Tootsie for the film with the most weeks at number one.[17] The film earned $234,760,478 in the United States, being the highest-grossing film released in 1984.[18] It also became the highest-grossing R rated film of all-time, a rank it would hold until The Matrix Reloaded in 2003. (Adjusted for inflation, Beverly Hills Cop is the third highest-grossing R rated film of all-time behind The Exorcist and The Godfather.)[19] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 67 million tickets in the US.[20]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"Axel F"

Performed by Harold Faltermeyer (7 seconds)
Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The soundtrack was released on MCA Records and won the Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media (1986). The instrumental title tune, "Axel F", composed and performed by Harold Faltermeyer, is a cultural touchstone and has since been covered by numerous artists.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Academy Award
Nominated for Best Writing (Original Screenplay) - Danilo Bach and Daniel Petrie, Jr.
British Academy Film Awards
Nominated for Best Score - Harold Faltermeyer
Edgar Allan Poe Award
Nominated for Best Motion Picture - Daniel Petrie, Jr.
Golden Globe Award
Nominated for Best Motion Picture - Comedy/Musical
Nominated for Best Motion Picture Actor - Comedy/Musical - Eddie Murphy
Grammy Award
Won for Best Score Soundtrack Album - Marc Benno, Harold Faltermeyer, Keith Forsey, Micki Free, Jon Gilutin, Howard Hewett, Bunny Hull, Howie Rice, Sharon Robinson, Danny Sembello, Sue Sheridan, Richard Theisen, Allee Willis
People's Choice Award
Won for Favorite Motion Picture
Stuntman Award
Won for Best Vehicular Stunt (Motion Picture) - Eddy Donno
This film is No. 22 on Bravo's list of the 100 funniest films.[21][22]

text: American Film Institute Lists

text:
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Movies - Nominated[23]
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Laughs - #63
AFI's 100 Years... 100 Heroes and Villains:
Detective Axel Foley - Nominated Hero[24]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The film spawned a franchise with two sequels, Beverly Hills Cop II and Beverly Hills Cop III, both starring Eddie Murphy, in 1987 and 1994, respectively. Judge Reinhold reprised his role for the sequels. The second film met with mixed reviews but was a box office success, while the third film was unsuccessful both critically and commercially.

text: In 2013, a television series was reported to be in the works for CBS.[25] The pilot was written by Shawn Ryan and directed by Barry Sonnenfeld. Brandon T. Jackson was cast as Axel Foley's son.[26] The series was not picked up, but Ryan reported that it tested well enough for Paramount to put a fourth film into production.[27]


document_title: J. Wellington Wimpy

question_text: who said i'll pay you tuesday for a hamburger today

question_tokens: who said i 'll pay you tuesday for a hamburger today

text: J. Wellington Wimpy

text: Inspiration[edit]

text: The character seems to have been inspired by more than one person whom Segar had encountered. Wimpy's personality was based upon that of William Schuchert, the manager of the Chester Opera House where Segar was first employed. "Windy Bill," as he was known, was a pleasant, friendly man, fond of tall tales and hamburgers.[2]

text: Additional sources suggest that Segar composed the character's name from the names of two other acquaintances. According to fellow cartoonist Bill Mauldin, the name was suggested by that of Wellington J. Reynolds, one of Segar's instructors at the Chicago Art Institute.[3] In a brief 1935 interview in The Daily Oklahoman, H. Hillard Wimpee of Atlanta indicated that he was connected to the character, having worked with Segar at the Chicago Herald-Examiner in 1917. It became a custom in the office that whoever accepted an invitation for a hamburger would pay the bill. According to Wimpee, after seeing the character in the newspaper, he wrote Segar in 1922 about Wimpy, "afraid of being connected with what [Segar] was doing with [the character]." He said Segar replied, "'You haven't seen anything yet.'"[4]

text: Character[edit]

text: Wimpy is Popeye's friend. In the cartoons, he mainly plays the role of the "straight man" to Popeye's outbursts and wild antics. Wimpy is soft-spoken, romantic, very intelligent, and well educated, but also cowardly, very lazy, overly parsimonious and utterly gluttonous. He is also something of a scam artist and, especially in the newspaper strip, can be underhanded. However, his plans always succeed, and he lives off the land through his ill-gotten gains. Although Wimpy is almost a tramp, he pretends to be a member of a high social status. In addition to mooching hamburgers, he picks up discarded cigars from the sidewalk, but is embarrassed to do so. Popeye tries to reform his character, being a good natured soul with a strong set of morals, but Wimpy never reforms. Popeye often becomes "disgustipated" with Wimpy, but puts up with him for the most part and sometimes even tricks Wimpy, although rarely. Wimpy first appeared in the Sunday comic storyline with Tinearo and Battling McGnat in 1929, as a referee, although he was skinnier and his facial features weren't as defined. He was also missing his trademark brown jacket.

text: Hamburgers are Wimpy's all-time favorite food, and he is usually seen carrying or eating one or more at a time – e.g., in Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor he is seen grinding meat or eating burgers almost the entire time – however, he is usually too cheap to pay for them himself. A recurring joke involves Wimpy's attempts to con other patrons of Rough House's diner into buying his meal for him. His best-known catchphrase started in 1931 as, "Cook me up a hamburger. I'll pay you Thursday." In 1932, this then became the famous, "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today."[5] Rough House explains why Wimpy is able to get away with this tactic in one strip, stating that "He never comes around on Tuesday". Rough House once suffered a mental breakdown from Wimpy's shenanigans, and demanded that Wimpy be kept out of his hospital room. Wimpy disobeyed this command, resulting in a rare altercation with Popeye. The phrase was also slightly altered in the episode "Spree Lunch" to "I'll have a hamburger, for which I will gladly pay you Tuesday." This phrase is now commonly used to illustrate financial irresponsibility[6][7][8] and still appears in modern comedies such as The Drew Carey Show and The Office. The initial part of the phrase was even the title of Episode 6 of the fourth season of Cheers "I'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday."

text: In Robert Altman's 1980 live-action musical film Popeye, where Wimpy was played by veteran character actor Paul Dooley, one of Harry Nilsson's original songs, "Everything Is Food," featured Dooley singing the catch-phrase, as he took a hamburger, as "I would gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today." The response from the chorus, as they reclaimed the same hamburger from him, uneaten, was "He would gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today." Later in the film, a sign in a restaurant reads "Positively NO CREDIT. This means YOU, Wimpy."

text: Wimpy had other frequently used lines in the original comic strip. On some occasions, Wimpy tries to placate someone by saying, "I'd like to invite you over to my house for a duck dinner." He then moves away quickly to a safe distance and yells, "You bring the ducks!" Another such line was, "Jones is my name...I'm one of the Jones boys" – an attempt to defuse a hostile situation with a mistaken identity. To deflect an enemy's wrath, he would sometimes indicate a third party and say, "Let's you and him fight", starting a brawl from which he quickly withdrew. He also said "Shake hands, my friend...I want to start my wristwatch" on occasion, once more a reference to his lazy behavior. Wimpy is especially fond of duck hunting, and goes hunting with Popeye on numerous occasions, but usually gains his ducks in dishonest ways as well.

text: Wimpy's mother made a cameo appearance in the Sunday strips. She is an elderly widower. Popeye and Rough House both try to make Wimpy seem as respectable as possible when she visits, because she doesn't know about her son's disreputable behavior. On one occasion, Popeye almost makes the truth come out by remarking that Wimpy is a loafer, but then relieves Mrs. Wimpy by stating that Wimpy is actually a baker who "makes loaves" and that he was only having a good natured jest. In the daily strips, Wimpy was appointed general of Popeye's country, Popilania, in the daily strips, and injured his head by saluting.

text: Wimpy made two cameo appearances in the Segar universe outside of the Thimble Theater comic strip. He appeared once in the side feature "Popeye's Cartoon Club," as an example of how not to behave, and once in a Sappo strip. The Sappo occurence came out when Professor O.G. Wotasnozzle invented a machine that would produce synthetic hamburger, only to discover that Wimpy was going to eat it all. This led Sappo to say, "Yeah, break it up... we don't want him around," indicating that they both somehow knew about Wimpy's obsession with hamburgers. Wotasnozzle promptly destroys the device with a hammer. This storyline break was equally as bizarre as the iconic joke with Sappo's nose where Sappo's elongated nose breaks a panel and becomes the swing on which a child (In Popeye's Cartoon Club) is swinging.

text: Wimpy is an annoyance and an irritant to his nemesis, Nazilian shoemaker George W. Geezil, a satirical immigrant character, who goes so far as to poison Wimpy and shoot him. He has a habit of slurping soup. In Geezil's opinion, "He should be killed to death!" This, too, was a repetitive catchphrase. In the Plunder Island storyline, Wimpy disguises himself as Alice the Goon and scares Geezil off the boat. Geezil attempts to commit suicide upon learning that he is in close proximity to Wimpy on board the ship. Wimpy also converts the Sea Hag's five lions into hamburgers through the use of a meat grinder. He refuses to eat a cheese sandwich that Olive Oyl offers him. He tries to make an ape into a hamburger, but the ape refuses to submit. The Plunder Island storyline also contained a creative alteration of one of Wimpy's famous lines. Upon coming to a cannibal island, a cannibal says to Wimpy, "Come on down to the house for a duck dinner...you BE the duck".

text: In one storyline, Popeye, Olive Oyl, Swee'Pea, and Castor Oyl go on a trip to the desert to find gold. After leaving his landlady with an enormous amount of bills, he gets lost in the desert and separated from the rest of the group, in part because he drank Swee'Pea's milk and wasted his own rations. He gets "Desert Madness," a condition which involves long poems and illusions. He eventually reunites with his friends, and finds a cache of gold but admits that he wasn't working hard to look for the gold, he was only trying to kill a snake with his pickaxe. While at home, Wimpy ponders his gold, and a caption states that "he may take unto himself a wife..." Unfortunately, this storyline was either scrapped or forgotten, as Wimpy never becomes married for the rest of the Segar strips.

text: Wimpy does have romance in his soul, however, although usually with ulterior motives. Popeye once found that Rough House had employed a sexy waitress, but Wimpy decided that he was in love with her instead. When Popeye kicks him out to make love, Wimpy betrays Popeye and informs Olive Oyl that Popeye is cheating, resulting in a catfight between Olive and the sexy waitress. In another incident, Wimpy tried to seduce Olive herself by stating that he was, in reality, an eccentric millionaire who hid his money beneath a rock. Olive falls for the ploy, but stops falling for it when Wimpy states that he forgot his hiding place. In yet another notable incident, Wimpy had his own lover, Waneeta, but only loved her because her father owned a herd of beef cows.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
During World War II, "Wimpy", in reference to the character, was the nickname given to the Vickers Wellington bomber.
Wimpy is also the namesake of the large chain of Wimpy hamburger restaurants which was founded in Bloomington, Indiana in the 1930s and opened in the UK in 1954; it has maintained operations overseas since 1967. Their UK website states, "The name Wimpy is believed to have come from Popeye's friend J Wellington Wimpy who loved hamburgers as much as Popeye loved spinach."[9]
Wimpy can also be found as the mascot for "Wimpy's Seafood Restaurant and Market" in Osterville, MA on Cape Cod. (Established 1938)[10]
Wimpy made a cameo appearance (as an in-gag to both his facial features; in the context of beef related heart disease and affinity for hamburgers) in the Family Guy episode "McStroke".
Wimpy has appeared in two episodes of the Adult Swim animated series Robot Chicken, often using his "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday" line to buy hamburgers. Often it fails. Voiced by Scott Adsit.
In the Good Eats second season episode "Daily Grind" (aka "A Grind is a Terrible Thing to Waste"), Alton Brown prepares the "perfect burger" (as well as meatloaf & meatballs) for a character named "J. Wellington Whimpy" (misspelled, but looking mostly like the version of Wimpy played by Paul Dooley in the Popeye film) played by then cast regular Steve Rooney.[11]
In the final Pooch the Pup cartoon called She Done Him Right, a dog character looking like Wimpy is seen playing a slot machine.[12]
Wimpy's famous catchphrase gives the name to the hamburger review website A Hamburger Today.[13]
Wimpy is also the focus of an animated Bank of America commercial in which he uses a new smartphone app to finally pay for the food he mooched from his friends.[14]
Season 4 Episode 6 of Cheers is named "I'll Gladly Pay You Tuesday".
In the hit video game World of Warcraft, an NPC can be heard repeating "I'll gladly pay you Tuesday for a hamburger today" in the city of Stormwind.


document_title: Joey Potter

question_text: who does joey choose in dawson's creek

question_tokens: who does joey choose in dawson 's creek

text: Joey Potter

text: Fictional biography[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: Joey has been friends with Dawson Leery since they were very young. She lives with her older sister, Bessie, Bessie's son Alexander and (sometimes) boyfriend, Bodie. Her father Mike, is in and out of prison for drug trafficking. Her mother, Lillian, died of breast cancer when Joey was thirteen. Joey is also the only character to appear in every episode of the series.

text: Season 1[edit]

text: In season one, Joey is the "girl next door." She is confused by her growth into a teenager and her developing feelings for her longtime best friend Dawson, who she also admitted is her soulmate. She immediately becomes jealous when Jen Lindley arrives and steals Dawson away from her. She is intimidated by Jen, who grew up in New York and does not know how to compete. She lives with her pregnant sister Bessie, and she works for her at the Ice House, the Potter family restaurant. She is frustrated with having to deal with work and taking care of her sister along with significant helpings of teenage angst. Nonetheless, Joey manages to be helpful with the birth of Bessie's son, Alexander, as does their critical neighbor, Evelyn Ryan. One day she is convinced to compete in the beauty pageant, which she does so that she can win the cash prize. But instead of winning the contest, she wins Dawson's heart, as he finally sees past his best friend image, and realizes that he has strong romantic feelings towards her. At the end of the season, she finds herself with the opportunity of going to Paris for a year, but rejects it in favor of staying in Capeside with Dawson after she and Dawson kiss.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: At the start of the season, she and Dawson are a couple and things start out well, but Joey begins to think that she is losing her identity, as she can't see where Dawson ends and she begins. During a full moon, the new guy in town, Jack McPhee, kisses her. Dawson finds out during a school dance. After a huge argument, Joey decides to break up with him, even though for the first time they both say that they love each other. She says that she wants to "find herself," and so she breaks up with him.

text: Joey and Jack begin dating afterward but the relationship ends just as quickly when Jack realizes that he's gay. Joey's father is released from prison and comes back into her life. At first this change is uneasy, but they heal the rift between them and she gets back together with Dawson. However, Dawson finds out that Joey's father is dealing cocaine. After a fire at the restaurant which was started by rivals of Joey's father, Dawson tells his parents who advise him he needs to go to the police. He tells Joey instead. He convinces her to wear a wire, and get a confession from her father so that nothing like the fire will happen again. She gets the confession from her father and shows him the wire. Knowing that she had betrayed her father, she is understandably heartbroken and angry with Dawson. She breaks up with him and tells him she doesn't even want to know him and that she will never forgive him.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: After Dawson returns from visiting his mom over the summer, Joey offers herself to him but Dawson rejects her. Joey flees and Dawson asks Pacey Witter to keep an eye on her. As the season progresses, it becomes obvious that Pacey and Joey's friendship evolves into something deeper. Joey has a brief relationship with a college student, A.J. Moller (Robin Dunne). This relationship makes Pacey jealous and forces him to confront his true feelings for Joey. After months of build up, Pacey finally kisses Joey after she confides in him that he and Dawson are the only ones to "have ever known her in a way that no one else does." Joey initially is angry when Pacey kisses her; however, later she comes to realize that she may also have feelings for him, as well.

text: Joey took a job at a Logan's Marina, where she received unwanted sexual advances from her supervisor, Rob Logan.

text: During a trip to the home of Dawson's aunt, Gwen (Gail's sister), Joey and Pacey confront their feelings for one another. Joey confesses that being around Pacey makes her feel more alive resulting in Pacey kissing her again. Pacey tells Joey she needs to figure out what she wants and leaves. Joey stops him and pulls Pacey into a kiss, having made her choice, but Dawson's aunt Gwen sees this happen. After this realization, they begin a secret romantic relationship.

text: When Dawson finds out about Joey and Pacey's relationship, he is furious, and the friendship between the three is never the same again. Dawson gives Joey an ultimatum- him or Pacey. Joey stupidly pulls back from Pacey in an effort to mend his and her friendship with Dawson. Dawson, however, sees Pacey as his enemy and opponent in winning Joey's heart. Dawson tries his best to win Joey back, including throwing an alternative prom with Joey as his date. However, Dawson witnesses Joey and Pacey share a romantic dance before the night is over.

text: In the season finale, Joey comes to realize that while she's just fearful of losing her oldest friend, Dawson, she has fallen in love with Pacey. With Dawson's urging, Joey rushes off to tell Pacey that she loves him before he departs for a summer at sea on his boat. She joins Pacey on his boat and the two then sail off into the sunset.

text: Season 4[edit]

text: Joey and Pacey return to Capeside from their summer at sea in the fourth season, and are quickly brought back to reality when they must confront the events of the past year and the subsequent fallout. Joey is eager to mend fences, though Dawson is still hurt by what happened. Pacey's relationship with Dawson never quite recovers until the end of the series, though the two are civil and acknowledge a shared history and group of friends.

text: Joey and Dawson get chosen as class couple as a practical joke by Drue Valentine. Also, Pacey has returned to academic probation while Joey dreams of admittance to the prestigious Worthington College in Boston. On a ski trip with the senior class, Pacey and Joey finally sleep together for the first time. However, when Dawson questions her, she lies about losing her virginity. Pacey finds out about the lie and is unsettled. He is further disturbed when Joey accepts money from Dawson to attend Worthington.

text: After Joey returns from New York with Jen, she discovers from Gretchen that Pacey was arrested for public drunkness and that she also believes she may be pregnant. Bessie soon finds out that Joey believes she may be pregnant at Gail's baby shower, and Bessie argues with her about not being ready to have a baby, and having an immature boyfriend who would never cope with a child. Joey later defends herself by saying that whatever happens in her life will be different. Joey later does a test and finds out she is not pregnant, but the situation draws the sisters close together. When Joey finally reaches Pacey on the phone, she lies about the pregnancy scare and is disappointed that Pacey didn't tell her about his arrest.

text: Pacey soon begins to feel insecure about Joey's success and their relationship despite her insistence that her future lies with him, believes that he isn't good enough for her, and that their futures are worlds apart. At their senior prom, Pacey breaks up with Joey, who is devastated. The season ends with Joey headed to Worthington and Pacey to another summer at sea.

text: At the end of the season, as Dawson is preparing to leave Capeside for Los Angeles, in a scene reminiscent of Season One's ending, Dawson and Joey share a kiss.

text: Season 5[edit]

text: In season five, Joey attends Worthington University in Boston, where she meets and befriends her roommate Audrey Liddell. Joey is studying English Literature, and for a time starts seeing her college professor, David Wilder.

text: Throwing everyone for a loop, Mitch is killed in a car accident leaving Gail, Dawson and baby Lily behind. Having been a witness to her mother's painful last days, Joey thinks that she can help Dawson through the process of grieving for his father. She attends Mitch's funeral, but is rejected when she tries to help Dawson deal with his whirl of emotions. Upon returning to her dorm room in Boston, a crying Joey is comforted by Audrey. While Jen convinces Dawson to go to counseling, Joey catches Jack in a 'bid' to get one of his frat brothers in bed with Audrey during the fraternity's Winter Formal.

text: Joey later joins the band, Aggressive Mediocrity, as lead singer with Jen's cheating ex, Charlie Todd (Chad Michael Murray). They embark on a whirlwind romance before she tells him to leave to pursue his dream of being a touring musician. She has an unforgettable run-in with a mugger, who luckily for her, gets hit by a car shortly after robbing her at gunpoint. However, when she is requested to be at his side in the hospital, Joey discovers that the mugger is also a drug addict, and has a young daughter, Sammie, with his wife, Grace. When the mugger dies with Joey at his side, she returns to the waiting room, all of her belongings returned, including the money. Thinking of Sammie, whose situation reminds her of the relationship she has with her own father, Joey leaves all the money hidden in Grace's backpack.

text: At the end of the season she returns to Capeside, and Dawson confesses to her that he wants to be with her. She rejects him saying that all those feelings were in the past, but in the last episode she rushes to the airport, to declare her true feelings for Dawson. She catches him, and they kiss. Joey tells Dawson to go to Los Angeles as that is his destiny, and that they'll meet up after the summer. As she goes to get a refund, she is offered the chance to go to Paris, and the audience is left hanging.

text: Season 6[edit]

text: In the beginning of the sixth season, it is revealed that Joey didn't end up going to Paris, but went home to Capeside. After not talking all summer, she and Dawson meet up and have a one-night stand in her dorm room. The next day it is revealed that Dawson has a girlfriend in California. Joey breaks things off with him. She takes a job as a waitress at Hell's Kitchen, with the help of aspiring drummer, Emma Jones. Joey eventually falls for the bartender, Eddie Doling (Oliver Hudson). They both have a love for writing and literature, but it turns out that he is not officially a student at Worthington, as his family was too poor to afford the tuition.

text: After Christmas, Eddie disappears without telling Joey, going back to Worcester to live with his parents. In trying to find him, Joey gets some help from Harley Hetson—the 15-year-old, alienated, headstrong daughter of her snobbish and somewhat misogynist English professor, Greg Hetson (Roger Howarth), whom Joey clashes with several times during the entire season. Harley lies, telling Eddie that Joey was pregnant with his child in order to lure him back to Boston.

text: Joey and Pacey begin to rekindle their romance after sharing a kiss at his apartment. After being locked overnight in a K-Mart together, they discuss their past and current relationship. Each admits that they miss the other. They briefly reunite, but when Eddie reappears in Joey's life, she breaks it off with Pacey (ironically Pacey and Joey break up at another high school dance resembling the prom).

text: After Pacey and Dawson have another falling out after Pacey's stocks tank and Dawson loses his entire investment, Joey decides that it's time they worked things out for themselves without her in the middle because it "is not her fight" and that it never has been, and never will be. After a heart to heart with Pacey on the dock, Joey brings everyone together to help Dawson make his movie. Joey finally goes to Paris and the final episode of the season ends with her standing before the famous Eiffel Tower.

text: Series finale[edit]

text: The final two episodes are set approximately five years after the season finale. Joey is a junior editor living in New York with her writer boyfriend, Christopher (Jeremy Sisto). During this double episode, the five friends return to Capeside for Gail Leery's third wedding (but second husband). Although she had originally planned to spend the weekend with Christopher, Joey runs scared after finding an engagement ring hidden in the couple's dresser while she is packing for the trip.

text: The five friends reunite at Pacey's restaurant to reminisce about the past. Afterwards, Joey drops by Dawson's house, and the two reestablish their friendship. During Gail's wedding reception, Joey and Pacey kiss (reigniting lingering feelings between the two), but the moment is interrupted when Jen collapses. It is later discovered that Jen has a deadly heart condition.

text: At the same time, Joey ends her relationship with Christopher and chooses between Dawson and Pacey. Though she loves Dawson, she acknowledges that he is her soulmate who is tied to her childhood, a love that is pure and eternally innocent. She also cannot deny she is still in love with Pacey. After Jen's death, she decides to stop running and confront her feelings for Pacey.

text: In the midst of their romantic entanglements, Joey, Dawson, Jack, and Pacey are brought together at the Ice House, now owned by Pacey, to say goodbye to Jen, who dies from pulmonary congestion.

text: In the epilogue, Joey and Pacey watch Dawson's semi-autobiographical television series The Creek in their apartment before calling up Dawson together, where they discover he is going to meet his hero, Steven Spielberg. They have renewed their romantic relationship, and the series ends with them as a couple living together in New York.

text: Notable relationships[edit]

text:
Anderson Crawford

Fling

Beginning: "Kiss" (1.03)
Broke Up: "Kiss" (1.03)

Reason: They didn't continue because she lied about who she was.

Dawson Leery

Kiss

"Detention" (1.07)

Reason: They were dared to kiss each other despite him being with Jen.

Boyfriend

First Relationship:

Beginning: "Decisions" (1.13)
End: "The Dance" (2.06)
Reason: After Jack kisses her, she gets confused about who she really is and what she wants.

Second Relationship:

Beginning: "A Perfect Wedding" (2.18)
End: "Parental Discretion Advised" (2.22)
Reason: Dawson convinced her to get her father to confess to burning down the ice house and his drug use while she wore a wire.

Third Relationship

Beginning: Coda" (4.23)
End: "High Anxiety" (5.06)
Reason: Dawson shuts Joey out when his dad dies and eventually tells her it made him lose all interest in getting back with her.

Fourth Relationship:

Beginning: "The Kids Are Alright" (6.01)
End: "The Song Remains The Same" (6.02)
Reason: After they sleep together, she finds out he had a girlfriend.

Jack McPhee

Kiss

"Full Moon Rising" (2.05)

Reason: She was still with Dawson.

Boyfriend

Beginning: "The Reluctant Hero" (2.08)
Broke Up: "...That Is The Question" (2.15)

Reason: He finds out after writing a poem that he's gay

A.J. Moller

Boyfriend

Beginning: "Northern Lights" (3.13)
Broke Up: "Cinderella Story" (3.17)

Reason: Didn't continue to be a couple because she finds out his best friend loves him and he loves her but doesn't know it yet.

Pacey Witter

Kissed
"Double Date" (1.10)

Reason: She didn't feel the same way and he knew that she liked Dawson and Dawson liked her even though he was still hung up on Jen.

Kissed
"Cinderella Story" (3.17)
"Neverland" (3.18)

Reason: She didn't fully realize that she liked him yet.

Boyfriend

First Relationship:

Beginning: "Stolen Kisses" (3.19)
End: "The Longest Day" (3.20)
Reason: She feels guilty when Dawson finds out about their relationship and ends things with him

Second Relationship:

Beginning: "True Love" (3.23)
End: "Promicide" (4.20)
Reason: They realize that they are different and it seemed like she had a bright future ahead of her while he felt like he was being left behind.

Third Relationship:

Beginning: Castaways" (6.15)
End: "Love Bites" (6.18)
Reason: Eddie comes back.

Fourth Relationship:

Beginning: ...Must Come To An End" (6.24)
Note: Jen tells Joey her final wish is for Joey to choose between Dawson and Pacey. She chooses Pacey.

Drue Valentine

Kissed

Beginning: "The Tao of Dawson" (4.11)
End: "The Tao of Dawson" (4.11)

note: they got locked in a storage locker together, he caught her when she fell and kissed her. She pushed him away immediately, and punched him. She was in a relationship with Pacey.

Charlie Todd

Kissed

Beginning: "Something wild" (5.11)
Broke Up: "Something wild" (5.11)

Reason: Because he cheated on Jen.

Fling

Beginning: "100 Light Years From Home" (5.19)
Broke Up: "Separate Ways (Worlds Apart)" (5.20)

Reason: She tells him to go off and fulfill his dream of being a musician

Elliot

Almost Fling but never kissed

Beginning: "Sleeping Arrangements" (5.12)
Broke Up: "Guerrilla Filmmaking" (5.14)

Reason: She met him when she wasn't over Dawson. Then she thought he slept with Audrey, and after finding out he never slept with her, she gives him another second chance. But she later bails on a date with him (by claiming she was sick) to go to a thing with Wilder who she later kissed and the next day tells him she can't go out with him off-screen.

Professor David Wilder

Kissed/Almost Fling

Beginning: "Something Wilder" (5.13)
Broke Up: "In A Lonely Place" (5.16)

Reason: Joey inadvertently stands David up after getting mugged. This gives him the time to reflect upon the relationship and he realizes that he can't have an affair with a student.

Eddie Doling

First Kiss:

"Instant Karma!" (6.04)

Eddie thinks she only kissed him to get back at Dawson; so it doesn't lead to anything until later episodes.

Boyfriend

First Relationship:
Beginning: "Ego Tripping At The Gates Of Hell" (6.07)
Broke Up: "Rock Bottom" (6.13)

Reason: He left without telling her

Second Relationship:
Beginning: "Love Bites" (6.18)
Broke Up: "Catch-22" (6.20)

Reason: They didn't see a future with each other

Christopher

Boyfriend

Beginning: About a year or two before "All Good Things..." (6.23)
End: "...Must Come To An End" (6.24)

Reason: Joey breaks up with him over the phone after having found a ring in his drawer back in New York.

text: Holmes' thoughts on Joey Potter[edit]

text: "I'm a lot like Joey," said Holmes. "I think they saw that. I come from a small town. I was a tomboy. Joey tries to be articulate and deny that she doesn't have a lot of experience in life. Her life parallels mine, which is all about new everything—relationships, personal perceptions—and about being guarded." Holmes filmed the pilot of Dawson's Creek in Wilmington, North Carolina, during spring break of her senior year of high school in 1997.[2] When the show was picked up by The WB, Holmes moved to Wilmington, where the show filmed.[citation needed]

text: Dawson's Creek ran from 1998 to 2003, and Holmes was the only actor to appear in all 128 episodes. "It was very difficult for me to leave Wilmington, to have my little glass bubble burst and move on. I hate change. On the other hand it was refreshing to play someone else," she said in 2004.[3] Holmes confirmed that, as often happens on soaps, the character was a caricature of the actor:

text:
“
I miss her spirit, and her spunk, and I miss her anxiety. She always had these long speeches about her fears and her future and love. It was a great tool for me personally because I got to get it all out. I was able to psychoanalyze all of it everyday [sic?] with her and then I wouldn't have to do it on my own. So much of me is in Joey and it really felt like I grew up on television.[4]
”

text: Reception[edit]

text: "Joey Potter is a headstrong, vibrant, wily, sultry, and determined go-getter. And yet, in a gloriously contradictory manner, in spite of her tough-as-nails exterior demeanor, Joey's also a frail, sometimes uncertain, emotionally sensitive, in-need-of-love person", said the show's official book.[5] Joey, named for Jo in Little Women, for years had been climbing in Dawson's bedroom window and platonically sharing his bed. Joey's mother had died from cancer when Joey was thirteen and her father, Mike (Gareth Williams), was in prison for "conspiracy to traffic in marijuana in excess of 10,000 pounds." Her harried, unmarried, and very pregnant sister, Bessie (Nina Repeta), about ten years older than Joey,[n 1] was raising her while running the Ice House restaurant, where Joey worked as a waitress. GQ described Joey as "kind of an uptight fussbudget—one who's always twisted up over doing the right thing and bungling-up ways to hook up with her crush and across the creek neighbor, Dawson."[6]

text: The 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m) tall[6][7] brunette enchanted the press, writers of both sexes commenting how Holmes was the sort of girl one wants to bring home to meet the parents and to marry.[8][6] "The Audrey Hepburn of her generation", was one typical comment.[9] Time called her "impossibly lovely" and Entertainment Weekly said she was "next up for idolhood."[10][11] Variety, reviewing the pilot, said Holmes "is a confident young performer who delivers her lines with slyness and conviction."[12] Holmes made such an impression in Hollywood, The New York Times Magazine claimed everyone was seeking to cast a "Katie Holmes type", who, the reporter claimed, "is a throwback to the 1950s: she is a smart girl next door (as opposed to the babe-o-rama blondes)"—the sort represented by her Dawson's Creek co-star Michelle Williams.[13] But her "type" was no less attractive, Arena magazine declaring her "the most coquettishly sexy woman on television. Anywhere."[14]

text: Holmes was soon on the covers of magazines such as Seventeen, TV Guide, and Rolling Stone. Jancee Dunn, an editor at Rolling Stone said she was chosen for the cover because "every time you mention Dawson's Creek you tend to get a lot of dolphin-like shrieks from teenage girls. The fact that she is drop-dead gorgeous didn't hurt either."[15]

text: Reviews were mixed. The Blade said the characters "just talk like they came from a planet ruled by Manhattan psychologists, one where small talk is punishable by death."[16] Holmes herself needed help with the dialogue. "Sometimes before we read a script, I have to get my dictionary and call people to make sure I'm pronouncing some of the words correctly."[17] The show brought her national attention and many fans back home; Toledo's Thanksgiving Day parade in November 1998 had record attendance when Holmes was named grand marshal.[18][19]

text: "As Joey", said Life magazine, "Holmes has had seismic influences on teen life... Through it all, Joey has managed to hang on to her integrity... The show—and Katie's character in particular—has touched a nerve."[20]

text: Her relationship with Pacey was included in TV Guide's list of "The Best TV Couples of All Time".[21] Flavorwire chose the show's other central pairing, Joey and Dawson, in its list of "TV's Best '90s Teen Power Couples".[22]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Dawson's Creek, Season 2, confirmed Bessie was in high school when Joey was in kindergarten