document_title: List of Magic: The Gathering sets

question_text: when does the next set of magic come out

text: List of Magic: The Gathering sets

text: Base/core set editions[edit]

text: After the second version (Beta) of the first set, which contained two cards mistakenly excluded from the first version (Alpha), all subsequent base sets through 10th Edition consisted of cards that had been printed before in either the original base set or an expansion set. Alpha through Fifth Edition did not have set symbols printed on the actual cards, though those sets were retroactively given set symbols in Wizards of the Coast's official Gatherer[3] database of Magic cards.

text:
Set
Set symbol[3]
Set code[4][3]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Limited Edition Alpha
None
LEA
none
August 5, 1993[6]
295[I]
74
95
116
—
10
—

Limited Edition Beta
None
LEB
none
October 1993[7]
302[I]
75
95
117
—
15
—

Unlimited Edition
None
2ED
none
December 1993[6]
302[I]
75
95
117
—
15
—

Revised Edition[II]
None
3ED
none
April 1994[8]
306
75
95
121
—
15
—

Fourth Edition
None
4ED
none
April 1995[9]
378
121
121
121
—
15
—

Fifth Edition
None / Roman-numeral five[III]
5ED
none
March 24, 1997[10]
449
165
132
132
—
20
—

Classic Sixth Edition
A Roman-numeral six
6ED
none
April 28, 1999[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Seventh Edition
A serif numeral seven
7ED
none
April 11, 2001[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Eighth Edition
The number eight superimposed over three fanned cards
8ED
none
July 28, 2003[11]
357
110
110
110
—
20
7[IV]

Ninth Edition
The number nine superimposed over three fanned cards
9ED
none
July 29, 2005[12]
359
110
110
110
—
20
9[IV]

Tenth Edition
A Roman-numeral ten
10E
none
July 13, 2007[13]
383
121
121
121
—
20
—

Magic 2010
"M10"
M10
July 11, 2009[14]
July 17, 2009[15]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2011
"M11"
M11
July 10, 2010[16]
July 16, 2010[16]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2012
"M12"
M12
July 9, 2011[17]
July 15, 2011[17]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2013
"M13"
M13
July 7, 2012[18]
July 13, 2012[18]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2014
"M14"
M14
July 13, 2013[19]
July 19, 2013[19]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Magic 2015
"M15"
M15
July 12, 2014[20]
July 18, 2014[20]
269
101
80[21]
53
15
20
15[IV]

Magic Origins
Planeswalker symbol breaking through the horizon
ORI
July 11, 2015[22]
July 17, 2015[22]
272
101
80
55
16
20
16[IV]

Core 2019
unrevealed
M19
July 14, 2018
July 20, 2018
269
unrevealed

text: Expansion sets[edit]

text: Expansion sets from Ice Age to Rivals of Ixalan (with the exception of Homelands) came in groups called "blocks". (From 1997–2008, Wizards of the Coast also used the term "cycle" when describing the associated storyline.) Blocks were cohesive products: they centered around one plane, followed a particular storyline, and contained cards and mechanics that supported both. Blocks generally consisted of one large "stand-alone" expansion set of 250–300 cards, followed by one or two small expansion sets of 150–200 cards which continue the themes introduced in the large set. Like the base set, stand-alone expansion sets contain basic land cards; other expansion sets do not. Beginning with Alliances, expansion sets were given codenames while in development; the code names of the expansions of a cycle usually fit together to form a phrase or common theme.[23] Starting with Mirage in 1996, blocks were officially refined in form: they would consist of would be three sets, large-small-small. With Zendikar block in 2009, the traditional large-small-small block structure began to be varied, with some blocks including a second large set later in the block. Starting with the Battle for Zendikar block in 2015, the default structure of a block was changed to large-small, with each block consisting of only two sets and two blocks released per year.[24]

text: Ice Age and Alliances were the first two sets to have a well-defined relationship, but were not created as a canonical block at the time of printing. Also beginning with Alliances in June 1996, expansion sets were released in a regular pattern: the base sets were released in October with the small expansion sets being released in February and June (Alliances was originally the third set of the block; it was retroactively made a second set with the release of Coldsnap in 2006). With the exceptions of Stronghold, a 1998 set released in March rather than February, and Scourge, a 2003 set which was released in May rather than June, this pattern of months was never broken, over a 10-year period, until 2006, when Dissension was also released a month early in May instead of June, because of the July release of Coldsnap. The third set in a block has since been released in late April or early May. From 2005–2015, there was a fourth release date each year in mid-July, usually reserved for Core Sets. Other summer releases included Coldsnap and Eventide.[XXVI]

text: Fallen Empires was an experimental expansion in which most card have three or four different pieces of artwork. You could see them as 121 common cards, by art, or 36 cards by the text. It was also a major expansion in the idea of tribes, especially Goblins and Merfolk.

text: Most early expansion sets did not have exact release dates; they were just shipped out within the space of a week, and retailers could start selling them as soon as the sets were received. By the time of Alliances in 1996, however, release dates were set as Mondays (the earliest set with an exact Monday release date might possibly have preceded Alliances, but Alliances is the earliest set with a cited and confirmed Monday release date). Beginning with Mirrodin in 2003, the release dates were changed from Monday to Friday. All sets beginning with Homelands[VI] also have a pre-release date, on which cards are sold in limited quantities in pre-release tournaments. These tournaments were formerly always held two weeks before the release date, but since Shards of Alara they are now held one week before the release date.

text: Premium foil cards have been inserted into booster packs since Urza's Legacy. Originally 1 foil card was inserted for every 100 cards. The ratio was changed to 1 in 70 cards with the Torment expansion. Beginning with Tenth Edition the rate was increased to 1 in 56 cards.[25]

text: Starting with Kaladesh block, sets sometimes also contain an entry in the Masterpiece Series.[26]

text: The block model has evolved as time went on. In addition to a formalized structure (which was occasionally variated on), Wizards began to have trouble developing small sets that satisfied their own quality standards. Players also reported fatigue at playing in the same environment for a year at a time. The decision to remove one small set from each block, as showcased in Battle For Zendikar block, was a result of this dissatisfaction. It culminated in the decision to delete small sets entirely: After the Ixalan block concludes, forthcoming sets will all be large-sized sets. However, not all large-size sets will involve travel to a new plane; some will be sequels to the set prior to it, if the depth of the plane's story and mechanics allows. Dominaria, to be released in 2018, will be the first set under this model. [26]

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Development
codename[23]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total
Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic
Land
Other

Arabian Nights
A scimitar
ARN
Arabian Nights[27]
none
December 1993[28]
92[V]
41
19
32
—
—
—

Antiquities
An anvil
ATQ
Antiquities[27]
none
March 1994[29]
100[VI]
30
44
26
—
—
—

Legends
The capital of a Doric column
LEG
Legends[27]
none
June 1994[30]
310
75
114
121
—
—
—

The Dark
A thin crescent moon
DRK
The Dark [27]
none
August 1994[31]
119
40
44
35
—
—
—

Fallen Empires
A crown
FEM
Fallen Empires[27]
none
November 1994[32]
187[VII]
121
30
36
—
—
—

Ice Age
A snowflake
ICE
Ice Age[27]
none[VII]
June 1995[33]
383
121
121
121
—
20
—

Homelands[IX]
The globe of Ulgrotha
HML
Homelands[27]
October 14, 1995[VII]
October 1995[34]
140[X]
71
27
42
—
—
—

Alliances
A flowing banner
ALL
Quack[23]
May 18, 1996[35]
June 10, 1996[10]
199[XI]
110
43
46
—
—
—

Mirage Block

Mirage
A palm tree
MIR
Sosumi/Menagerie[23]
September 21, 1996[36][XXV]
October 7, 1996[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Visions
Zhalfirin Triangle of War/stylized "V"
VIS
Mirage Jr.[23]
January 11, 1997[37]
February 3, 1997[38]
167
62
55
50
—
—
—

Weatherlight
The Thran Tome, an open book
WTH
Mochalatte[23]
May 31, 1997[39]
June 9, 1997[10]
167
62
55
50
—
—
—

Rath Cycle or Tempest Block

Tempest
A storm cloud
TMP
Bogavhati[23]
October 4, 1997[40]
October 13, 1997[10]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Stronghold
A portcullis
STH
Rachimulot[23]
February 21, 1998[41]
March 2, 1998[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Exodus
A bridge
EXO
Gorgonzola[23]
June 6, 1998[42]
June 15, 1998[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Artifacts Cycle or Urza Block

Urza's Saga
Two gears
USG
Armadillo[23]
October 3, 1998[43]
October 12, 1998[44]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Urza's Legacy
A hammer
ULG
Guacamole[23]
February 6, 1999[45]
February 15, 1999[10]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Urza's Destiny
An Erlenmeyer flask
UDS
Chimichanga[23]
May 29, 1999[40]
June 7, 1999[46]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Masquerade Cycle or Masques Block

Mercadian Masques
A domino mask
MMQ
Archimedes[23]
September 25, 1999[47]
October 4, 1999[48]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Nemesis
The spiked halberd wielded by Crovax
NMS
Euripides[23]
February 5, 2000[49]
February 14, 2000[50]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Prophecy
Three crystals
PCY
Dionysus[23]
May 27, 2000
June 5, 2000[51]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Invasion Block

Invasion
The symbol of the Coalition[XII]
INV
Beijing[23]
September 23, 2000[40]
October 2, 2000[52]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Planeshift
A swirling portal
PLS
Hong Kong[23]
January 27, 2001[53]
February 5, 2001[53]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Apocalypse
The mask of Yawgmoth
APC
Shanghai[23]
May 26, 2001[54]
June 4, 2001
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Odyssey Block

Odyssey
The Mirari on a twisted stand
ODY
Argon[23]
September 22, 2001[40]
October 1, 2001
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Torment
An ouroboros
TOR
Boron[23]
January 26, 2002[55]
February 4, 2002[55]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Judgment
A balancing scale
JUD
Carbon[23]
May 18, 2002
May 27, 2002[56]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Onslaught Block

Onslaught
A four-legged "morph"[XIII] creature
ONS
Manny[23]
September 28, 2002[57]
October 7, 2002[57]
350
110
110
110
—
20
—

Legions
Two crossed spears behind a shield
LGN
Moe[23]
January 25, 2003[58]
February 3, 2003
145
55
45
45
—
—
—

Scourge
A dragon mask
SCG
Jack[23]
May 17, 2003[59]
May 26, 2003[59]
143
55
44
44
—
—
—

Mirrodin Block

Mirrodin
The Sword of Kaldra
MRD
Bacon[23]
September 20, 2003[60]
October 3, 2003[60]
306
110
88
88
—
20
—

Darksteel
The shield of Kaldra
DST
Lettuce[23]
January 24, 2004[61]
February 6, 2004[61]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Fifth Dawn
The helm of Kaldra
5DN
Tomato[23]
May 22, 2004[62]
June 4, 2004[63]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Kamigawa Block

Champions of Kamigawa
A torii gate
CHK
Earth[23]
September 18, 2004[64]
October 1, 2004[65]
306
110
88[XIV]
88
—
20
—

Betrayers of Kamigawa
A shuriken
BOK
Wind[23]
January 22, 2005[66]
February 4, 2005[65]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Saviors of Kamigawa
A Japanese-style lantern
SOK
Fire[23]
May 21, 2005[67]
June 3, 2005[65]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Ravnica Block

Ravnica: City of Guilds
A Gothic-style church tower
RAV
Control[68]
September 24, 2005[69]
October 7, 2005[70]
306
110
88
88
—
20
—

Guildpact
The seal of the Guildpact
GPT
Alt[68]
January 21, 2006[71]
February 3, 2006[71]
165
55
55
55
—
—
—

Dissension
The broken seal of the Guildpact
DIS
Delete[68]
April 22, 2006[72]
May 5, 2006[72]
180
60
60
60
—
—
—

Coldsnap

Coldsnap[IX]
A hanging trio of icicles
CSP
Splat[23]
July 8, 2006[73]
July 21, 2006[74]
155
60
55
40
—
—
—

Time Spiral Block

Time Spiral
An hourglass
TSP/TSB[XV]
Snap[68]
September 23, 2006[75]
October 6, 2006[75]
422[XV]
121
80
80
—
20
121

Planar Chaos
Stylized letters "PC" / Möbius strip
PLC
Crackle[68]
January 20, 2007[76]
February 2, 2007[76]
165[XV]
60
55
50
—
—
—

Future Sight
an eye gazing through a rift portal
FUT
Pop[68]
April 21, 2007[77]
May 4, 2007[77]
180[XV]
60
60
60
—
—
—

Lorwyn Block

Lorwyn
Elvish "leaf blade" with a serrated edge
LRW
Peanut[78]
September 29, 2007[79]
October 12, 2007[79]
301
121
80
80
—
20
—

Morningtide
Sunrise / A flame
MOR
Butter[78]
January 19, 2008[80]
February 1, 2008[80]
150
60
40
50
—
—
—

Shadowmoor Block[81]

Shadowmoor
Crown of the Reaper King
SHM
Jelly[78]
April 19, 2008[82]
May 2, 2008[82]
301
121
80
80
—
20
—

Eventide
Eclipsed sun
EVE
Doughnut[81]
July 12, 2008[83]
July 25, 2008[83]
180
60
60
60
—
—
—

Alara Block

Shards of Alara
5-part gem
ALA
Rock[84]
September 27, 2008[85]
October 3, 2008[86]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Conflux
5-shard shield
CON
Paper[84]
January 31, 2009[87]
February 6, 2009[87]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Alara Reborn
5-branched gem
ARB
Scissors[84]
April 25, 2009[88]
April 30, 2009[88]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Zendikar Block

Zendikar
A hedron
ZEN
Live[84]
September 26, 2009[89]
October 2, 2009[89]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Worldwake
A hedron opening
WWK
Long[84]
January 30, 2010[90]
February 5, 2010[90]
145
60
40
35
10
—
—

Rise of the Eldrazi
A hedron opened
ROE
Prosper[84]
April 17, 2010[91]
April 23, 2010[91]
248
100
60
53
15
20
—

Scars of Mirrodin Block

Scars of Mirrodin
Encircled hexplate with a smaller hex cut out
SOM
Lights[92]
September 25, 2010[93]
October 1, 2010[93]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Mirrodin Besieged
Mirran/Phyrexian symbols combined
MBS
Camera[92]
January 29, 2011[94]
February 4, 2011[94]
155
60
40
35
10
10
—

New Phyrexia
The letter Phi, the symbol of Phyrexia
NPH
Action[92]
May 7, 2011[95][96]
May 13, 2011[95][96]
175
60
60
35
10
10
—

Innistrad Block

Innistrad
Two stylized outward facing herons[97]
ISD[98]
Shake[92]
September 24, 2011[99]
September 30, 2011[99]
264[XXVII]
107
67
59
16
15
—

Dark Ascension
Innistrad symbol turned inward[100]
DKA[101]
Rattle[92]
January 28, 2012[101]
February 3, 2012[101]
158[XXVII]
64
44
38
12
—
—

Avacyn Restored
The collar of Avacyn
AVR[102]
Roll[92]
April 28, 2012[102]
May 4, 2012[102]
244
101
60
53
15
15
—

Return to Ravnica Block

Return to Ravnica
Symbol of the five guilds in set
RTR[103]
Hook[84][104]
September 29, 2012[103]
October 5, 2012[103]
274
101
80
53
15
25
—

Gatecrash
Pointed arch
GTC[105]
Line[84][104]
January 26, 2013[105]
February 1, 2013[105]
249
101
80
53
15
—
—

Dragon's Maze
Return to Ravnica and Gatecrash symbols combined[106]
DGM[106]
Sinker[84][104]
April 27, 2013[106]
May 3, 2013[106]
156[XXVIII]
70
40
35
11
—
—

Theros Block

Theros
Column and arcs
THS[107]
Friends[84][104]
September 21, 2013[107]
September 27, 2013[107]
249
101
60
53
15
20
—

Born of the Gods
Horns of Xenagos
BNG[108]
Romans[84][104]
February 1, 2014[108]
February 7, 2014[108]
165
60
60
35
10
—
—

Journey into Nyx
Horns of Xenagos and column
JOU[109]
Countrymen[84][104]
April 26, 2014[110]
May 2, 2014[109]
165
60
60
35
10
—
—

Khans of Tarkir Block

Khans of Tarkir
Two crossed scimitars in front of a shield
KTK[111]
Huey[112]
September 20, 2014[111]
September 26, 2014[111]
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Fate Reforged
Two mirrored fangs
FRF[113]
Dewey[112]
January 17, 2015[113]
January 23, 2015[113]
185[XXIX]
70
60
35
10
10
—

Dragons of Tarkir
A shield in the shape of a dragon's face
DTK[114]
Louie[112]
March 21, 2015[114]
March 27, 2015[114]
264
101
80
53
15
15
—

Battle for Zendikar Block

Battle for Zendikar
A hedron with a "Z" crimp
BFZ[115]
Blood[116]
September 26, 2015[115]
October 2, 2015[115]
274[XXX]
101
80
53
15
25
—[XXX]

Oath of the Gatewatch
Kozilek blade projections
OGW[117]
Sweat[116]
January 16, 2016[117]
January 22, 2016[117]
184[XXX]
70
60
42[118]
12[118]
—
—[XXX]

Shadows over Innistrad Block

Shadows over Innistrad
Avacyn's collar deformed (in this case, upside-down)
SOI[119]
Tears[116]
April 2, 2016[119]
April 8, 2016[119]
297[XXXI]
105
100
59
18
15
—

Eldritch Moon
Silhouette of Emrakul
EMN [120]
Fears[24]
July 16, 2016[120]
July 22, 2016[120]
205[XXXI]
74
70
47
14[121]
—
—

Kaladesh Block

Kaladesh
Stylized vines
KLD
Lock[122]
September 24, 2016
September 30, 2016
264
101
80
53
15
15
—

Aether Revolt
Stylized blossom
AER
Stock[122]
January 14, 2017
January 20, 2017
184
70
60
42
12
—
—

Amonkhet Block

Amonkhet
Pyramid with floating top
AKH
Barrel[122]
April 22, 2017
April 28, 2017
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Hour of Devastation
Horns of Nicol Bolas
HOU
Laughs[123]
July 8, 2017
July 14, 2017
199
70
60
42
12
15
—

Ixalan Block

Ixalan
Compass rose
XLN
Ham[124]
September 23, 2017
September 29, 2017
279
101
80
63
15
20
—

Rivals of Ixalan
Half compass rose with two Northern points
RIX[125]
Eggs[124]
January 13, 2018
January 19, 2018
196
unrevealed

Post-block sets[26]

Dominaria
unrevealed
DOM
Soup[126]
April 21, 2018
April 27, 2018
269
unrevealed

"Spaghetti"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Spaghetti[127]
c. September 2018
c. September 2018
unrevealed

"Meatballs"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Meatballs[127]
c. January 2019
c. January 2019
unrevealed

"Milk"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Milk[128]
c. Spring 2019
c. Spring 2019
unrevealed

"Archery"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Archery[129]
c. September 2019
c. September 2019
unrevealed

"Baseball"
unrevealed
unrevealed
Baseball[129]
c. January 2020
c. January 2020
unrevealed

text: Other sets[edit]

text: Introductory sets[edit]

text: These introductory sets were intended for novice Magic: The Gathering players. They were illegal in sanctioned tournaments until October 2005,[130] when they became legal in Legacy and Vintage.

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Portal[XIX]

Portal
A portal
POR
June 1997[131]
222[XX]
90
57
55
—
20
—

Portal Second Age
A pentagon
PO2
June 1998[132]
165
70
45
35
—
15
—

Portal Three Kingdoms
The Chinese character for the number 3
PTK
May 1999[133]
180
55
55
55
—
15
—

Starter

Starter 1999
A five-pointed star
S99
July 1999[134]
173
63
55
35
—
20
—

Starter 2000
None
S00
July 2000[135]
57[XXI]
39
6
2
—
10
—

text: Compilations/reprint sets[edit]

text: Reprint sets are sets of certain cards from previous sets that were re-released for different reasons. Some reasons include the cards were fan favorites and popular demand brought them back or in some cases, reprints were to commemorate certain events such as widely known matches or anniversary sets. Some reprint sets revolved around a certain theme; for example, Beatdown was themed around old, out-of-print, heavy-hitting creatures. Reprinting a card in one of these sets does not affect when it leaves Standard.

text: Deck Builder's Toolkits are released at the same time as a core set and contain only cards from sets that are legal in Standard at that time; they are not sets as such. These boxed sets therefore have no symbol or code of their own.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Chronicles[XVII]
No specific symbol[XVIII]
CHR
July 1995[136]
125[XVII]
37
43
45
—
—
—

Rivals Quick Start Set
No specific symbol
none
July 1996[137]
Four pre-constructed decks

Multiverse Gift Box
No specific symbol
none
November 1996[138]
Boosters from various sets in various languages

Anthologies
No specific symbol
ATH
November 1998[139]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Battle Royale Box Set
No specific symbol
BRB
November 12, 1999[140]
Four 40-card pre-constructed decks

Beatdown Box Set
A mace
BTD
December 2000[141]
Two 61-card pre-constructed decks

Deckmasters: Garfield vs. Finkel
A stylized letter "D"
DKM
September 17, 2001[142]
Two 62-card pre-constructed decks

Premium Foil Booster
Alara block symbols
none
January 8, 2010[143]
539 foil cards from the Alara block[XXXV]

Duels of the Planeswalkers (decks)
A stylized letter "M" inside a circle
DPA
June 4, 2010[144]
Five 60-card decks

Modern Event Deck
Three-pronged object
MD1
May 30, 2014[145]
60-card deck, 15-card sideboard

International Sets

Renaissance (French/German)
No specific symbol
none
August 1995[136]
122
51
40
31
—
—
—

Rinascimento (Italian)
No specific symbol
none
August 1995[136]
69
 ?
 ?
 ?
—
—
—

Duel Decks

Duel Decks: Elves vs. Goblins
A stylized axe and bow combination symbol
EVG
November 16, 2007[146]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Jace vs. Chandra
A point-reflected pair of swooshes
DD2
November 7, 2008[147]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Divine vs. Demonic
A halo with horns coming up through its center
DDC
April 10, 2009[148]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Garruk vs. Liliana
A leaf inside a semicircle
DDD
October 30, 2009[149]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Phyrexia vs. the Coalition
Yawgmoth's and the Coalition's symbols combined
DDE
March 19, 2010[150]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Elspeth vs. Tezzeret
Two trapezoids with parts missing
DDF
September 3, 2010[151]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Knights vs. Dragons
A shield in the shape of a dragon in flight
DDG
April 1, 2011[152]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Ajani vs. Nicol Bolas
Nicol Bolas' horns superimposed on Ajani's axe-head
DDH
September 2, 2011[153]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Venser vs. Koth
Two nearly-interlocking zigzags
DDI
March 30, 2012[154]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Izzet vs. Golgari
Combination of Izzet and Golgari symbols
DDJ
September 7, 2012[155]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Sorin vs. Tibalt
Combination of stylized sword and devil horns
DDK
March 15, 2013[156]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Heroes vs. Monsters
Combination axe, helmet, and wings
DDL
September 6, 2013[157]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Jace vs. Vraska
Arcane symbol and gorgon tentacle
DDM
March 14, 2014[158]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Speed vs. Cunning
Winged eye
DDN
September 5, 2014[159]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks Anthology
No specific symbol
DD3
December 5, 2014[160]
A reprint of the first four Dual Deck sets

Duel Decks: Elspeth vs. Kiora
Godsend (Elspeth's spear) and waves
DDO
February 27, 2015[161]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Zendikar vs. Eldrazi
Half-hedron and Eldrazi tentacle
DDP
August 28, 2015[162]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Blessed vs. Cursed
Demon wing and half of Avacyn's collar
DDQ
February 26, 2016[163]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Nissa vs. Ob Nixilis
Hedron and horns
DDR
September 2, 2016[164]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Mind vs. Might
Stylized knotwork
DDS
March 31, 2017[165]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

Duel Decks: Merfolk vs. Goblins
Combined trident and axe heads
DDT
November 10, 2017[166]
Two 60-card pre-constructed decks

From the Vault

From the Vault: Dragons
Wings of a Dragon
DRB
August 29, 2008[167]
15 limited foil dragon cards

From the Vault: Exiled
An arrow firing diagonally leaving a trail
V09
August 28, 2009[168]
15 limited foil formerly banned cards

From the Vault: Relics
An orb on a stand
V10
August 27, 2010[169]
15 limited foil artifact cards

From the Vault: Legends
A crown[170]
V11
August 26, 2011[170]
15 limited foil legendary creature cards

From the Vault: Realms
Mountain and sunrise
V12
August 31, 2012[171]
15 limited foil land cards

From the Vault: Twenty
Numeral 20 in a circle
V13
August 23, 2013[172]
20 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Annihilation
Stylized bomb or fractured orb
V14
August 22, 2014[173]
15 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Angels
Stylized angel wings
V15
August 21, 2015[174]
15 limited foil cards

From the Vault: Lore
Scroll unrolling to become castle tower
V16
August 19, 2016[175]
15 limited foil cards and one token

From the Vault: Transform
unrevealed
V17
November 24, 2017[176]
15 limited foil double-faced cards

Premium Deck Series

Premium Deck Series: Slivers
A coiled sliver
H09
November 20, 2009[177]
60-card premium foil deck

Premium Deck Series: Fire and Lightning
A flame and lightning bolt
PD2
November 19, 2010[178]
60-card premium foil deck

Premium Deck Series: Graveborn
A human skull
PD3
November 18, 2011[179]
60-card premium foil deck

Masters Series

Modern Masters
A stylized City of Brass
MMA
June 7, 2013[180]
229[180]
101[181]
60[181]
53[181]
15[181]
—
—

Modern Masters 2015 Edition
The City of Brass symbol rotated and then mirrored
MM2
May 22, 2015[182]
249[182]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Eternal Masters
Unusually-shaped hourglass
EMA
June 10, 2016[183]
249[183]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Modern Masters 2017 Edition
Floating "U" over crown
MM3
March 17, 2017[184]
249[184]
101
80
53
15
—
—

Iconic Masters
Stylized letters I and M.
IMA
November 17, 2017[185]
249[185]
unrevealed

Masters 25
Unrevealed
A25
March 16, 2018[186]
249[185]
unrevealed

Deck Builder's Toolkits

Deck Builder's Toolkit
"M10"
w10
May 21, 2010[187]
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Refreshed Version)
"M11"
w11
March 11, 2011[187]
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2012 Edition)
"M12"
w12
July 13, 2012
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2014 Core Set Edition)
"M14"
w14
July 19, 2013
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (2015 Core Set Edition)
"M15"
w15
July 18, 2014
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Magic Origins Edition)
Planeswalker symbol breaking through the horizon
ORI
July 17, 2015
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Shadows over Innistrad Edition)
Star with trail and "16"
w16
April 8, 2016
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Amonkhet Edition)
Star with trail and "17"
w17
April 28, 2017
Box set of 285 cards

Deck Builder's Toolkit (Ixalan Edition)
Star with trail and "17"
w17
September 29, 2017
Box set of 285 cards

(Holiday) Gift Boxes

2012 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 16, 2012[188]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Return to Ravnica (Dreg Mangler), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2013 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 15, 2013[189]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Theros (Karametra's Acolyte), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2014 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 14, 2014[190]
4 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Khans of Tarkir (Sultai Charm), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

2015 Holiday Gift Box
N/A
N/A
November 6, 2015[191]
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Battle for Zendikar (Scythe Leopard), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

Shadows over Innistrad: The Gift Box
N/A
N/A
May 13, 2016 [192]
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Shadows over Innistrad (Ravenous Bloodseeker), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

Kaladesh: The Gift Box
N/A
N/A
N/A
5 Boosters, 20 basic lands, 1 foil alternate-art card from Kaladesh (Chief of the Foundry), 6 illustrated plastic dividers + stickers for customizing the dividers

text: Masterpiece Series[edit]

text: Starting with Kaladesh block, some blocks and sets also include an entry in the Masterpiece Series. The Zendikar Expeditions from Battle for Zendikar were not released under the title of Masterpiece Series, but were retroactively included in the series.[193] Cards in the Masterpiece Series entry for a given block appear in booster packs for that block's sets at a rate lower than that of Mythic Rares, and consist of either reprints, or cards from the set whose packs they appear in. However, they are not considered part of that set, and instead get their own expansion symbol; moreover, as with reprint sets (see below), printing in a Masterpiece Series entry does not affect format legality. Note that entries in the Masterpiece Series do not have expansion codes, except for Zendikar Expeditions, which has code "EXP".

text:
Block/set
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Release Date
Total Cards
Cards in first set
Cards in second set

Battle for Zendikar
Zendikar Expeditions
Hedron with base
September 26, 2015
45
25
20

Kaladesh
Kaladesh Inventions
Stylized column or letter π
September 24, 2016
54
30
24

Amonkhet
Amonkhet Invocations
Nicol Bolas' head shape
April 28, 2017
54
30
24

text: Multiplayer-focused sets[edit]

text: Starting with Planechase in 2009, Wizards of the Coast has occasionally printed sets intended primarily for multiplayer play, which do not necessarily consist entirely of reprints but are not legal in Standard; a card printed in one of these is legal only in Eternal formats, and reprinting a card in one of these sets does not affect when it leaves Standard. These sets usually consist of fixed decks.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]
New cards

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Planechase

Planechase
Two circular arcs, the lower with three upper spikes
HOP
September 4, 2009[194]
Four 60-card decks + 40 plane cards
0

Planechase 2012 Edition
Two circular arcs, the upper with three bites removed from bottom
PC2
June 1, 2012[195]
Four 60-card decks and 40 plane or phenomenon cards
21

Planechase Anthology
Two circular arcs, the upper with five upper spikes
PCA
November 25, 2016[196]
Four 60-card decks and 86 plane or phenomenon cards
0

Archenemy

Archenemy
A trident
ARC
June 18, 2010[197]
Four decks, each with 60 cards and 20 oversized scheme cards
0

Archenemy: Nicol Bolas
Nicol's horns with orb
E01
June 16, 2017[198]
Four 60-card decks, four planeswalker cards, and one 20-card scheme deck
0

Commander

Commander
Three prongs symbolizing the "wedge" coloration
CMD
June 17, 2011[199]
Five 100-card decks each with 3 oversized foil Commander cards
51

Commander's Arsenal
3-part gem
CM1
November 2, 2012[200]
28 foil cards (18 regular, 10 oversized)
0

Commander 2013 Edition
3-part gem with hooks
C13
November 1, 2013[201]
Five 100-card decks each with 3 oversized foil Commander cards
51

Commander 2014
Shield-shaped 3-part gem
C14
November 7, 2014[202]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
61

Commander 2015
2-part shield
C15
November 13, 2015[203]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Commander 2016
Bisected shield
C16
November 11, 2016[204]
Five 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Commander Anthology
Shield with crown
CMA
June 9, 2017[205]
Four 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
0

Commander 2017
Shield with 4 parts
C17
August 25, 2017[206]
Four 100-card decks each with 1 oversized foil Commander card
56

Conspiracy

Conspiracy
Seal
CNS
June 6, 2014[207]
210[XXXII]
89
68
43
10
—
—
65

Conspiracy: Take the Crown
Seal of the Black Rose
CN2
August 26, 2016[208]
221[208]
90
67
50
14
—
—
80

Other sets

Explorers of Ixalan
Ship's wheel
E02
November 24, 2017[209]
Four 60-card decks and various game components
0

text: Non-DCI-sanctioned-tournament-play-legal sets[edit]

text: These sets, though also published by Wizards of the Coast, are not legal for DCI-sanctioned tournament play.

text:
Set
Expansion symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Pre-release date
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Collector's Edition[210]
no symbol[XXXIII]
CED
none
December 1993[211]
363
75
95
117
—
76
—

International Collector's Edition
no symbol[XXXIV]
CED
none
December 1993[211]
363
75
95
117
—
76
—

Astral[XXII]
star with a trail
none
none
April 1997[212]
12
—
—
—
—
—
—

Un-sets[XXIII]

Unglued
A cracked-open egg
UGL
August 7, 1998[40]
August 17, 1998
88
33
22
28
—
5
—

Unhinged
A horseshoe
UNH
November 20, 2004[213]
November 19, 2004[213]
141
55
40
40
—
5
1[XXIV]

Unstable
A wrench with an acorn-shaped hole
UST
unrevealed
December 8, 2017
216-ish[214]
unrevealed

World Championship Decks

World Championship Decks 1999
No specific symbol
none
none
1999[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2000
No specific symbol
none
none
2000[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2001
No specific symbol
none
none
2001[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2002
No specific symbol
none
none
2002[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2003
No specific symbol
none
none
2003[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

World Championship Decks 2004
No specific symbol
none
none
2004[215]
Four 60-card pre-constructed decks

text: Magic: The Gathering Online exclusive sets[edit]

text: These sets are exclusive to Magic: The Gathering Online.

text:
Set
Expansion
symbol[3]
Expansion
code[4][3]
Release date
Size[3][5]

Total Cards
Common
Uncommon
Rare
Mythic Rare
Basic Land
Other

Masters Editions

Masters Edition
A circle and a quarter-circle
MED
September 10, 2007[216]
195
60
60
60
—
15
—

Masters Edition II
A circle and two quarter-circles
ME2
September 22, 2008[217]
245
80
80
80
—
5
—

Masters Edition III
A circle behind two quarter-circles
ME3
September 7, 2009[218]
230
75
70
70
—
15
—

Masters Edition IV
4 quarter-circles forming an hourglass
ME4
January 10, 2011[219]
269
80
72
105
—
12
—

Vintage Masters
Helmet with a V-shaped pattern
VMA
June 16, 2014[220]
325
101
80
105
30
—
9

Tempest Remastered
Arch broken by lightning bolt
TPR
May 6, 2015[221]
269
101
80
53
15
20
—

Magic: The Gathering Online Deck Series

Magic Online Deck Series: Legacy Format
No specific symbol
N/A
November 8, 2010[222]
Two 60-card decks with 15 card sideboards

Momir Vig Basic Event Deck
No specific symbol
N/A
November 22, 2010[223]
Deck with 1 avatar card & 60 basic lands

text: Notes[edit]


document_title: Flushing, Queens

question_text: what is the population of flushing new york

question_tokens: what is the population of flushing new york

root

text: Flushing, Queens

text: History[edit]

text:
showNew Netherland series
Exploration
Fortifications:

Fort Amsterdam
Fort Nassau (North)
Fort Orange
Fort Nassau (South)
Fort Goede Hoop
De Wal
Fort Casimir
Fort Altena
Fort Wilhelmus
Fort Beversreede
Fort Nya Korsholm
De Rondout

Settlements:

Noten Eylandt
Nieuw Amsterdam
Rensselaerswijck
Nieuw Haarlem
Beverwijck
Wiltwijk
Bergen
Pavonia
Vriessendael
Achter Col
Vlissingen
Oude Dorpe
Colen Donck
Greenwich
Heemstede
Rustdorp
Gravesende
Breuckelen
Nieuw Amersfoort
Midwout
Nieuw Utrecht
Boswijk
Swaanendael
Nieuw Amstel
Nieuw Dorp

The Patroon System
Charter of Freedoms and Exemptions

Cornelius Jacobsen May (1620–25)
Willem Verhulst (1625–26)
Peter Minuit (1626–32)
Sebastiaen Jansen Krol (1632–33)
Wouter van Twiller (1633–38)
Willem Kieft (1638–47)
Peter Stuyvesant (1647–64)

People of New Netherland
New Netherlander
Twelve Men
Eight Men
Nine Men

Flushing Remonstrance

vte

tag: table

text: Native population[edit]

text: Flushing was originally inhabited by the Matinecoc Indians prior to colonialization and English settlement.[7]

tag: p

text: Dutch colony[edit]

text: On October 10, 1645, Flushing was established on the eastern bank of Flushing Creek under charter of the Dutch West India Company and was part of the New Netherland colony. The settlement was named after the city of Vlissingen, in the southwestern Netherlands, the main port of the company. However, by 1657, the residents called the place "Vlishing."  Eventually, "Flushing", the British name for Vlissingen, was used. Despite being a Dutch colony, many of the early inhabitants were British. The original name is supposedly derived from the Dutch word "fles" which means "bottle."

text: Unlike all other towns in the region, the charter of Flushing allowed residents freedom of religion as practiced in Holland "without the disturbance of any magistrate or ecclesiastical minister." However, New Amsterdam Director-General Peter Stuyvesant issued an edict prohibiting the harboring of Quakers. On December 27, 1657, the inhabitants of Flushing approved a protest known as The Flushing Remonstrance.  This petition contained religious arguments even mentioning freedom for "Jews, Turks, and Egyptians," but ended with a forceful declaration that any infringement of the town charter would not be tolerated. Subsequently, a farmer named John Bowne held Quaker meetings in his home and was arrested for this and deported to Holland. Eventually he persuaded the Dutch West India Company to allow Quakers and others to worship freely.[8] As such, Flushing is claimed to be a birthplace of religious freedom in the New World.[9]

text: Landmarks remaining from the Dutch period in Flushing include the John Bowne House on Bowne Street and the Old Quaker Meeting House on Northern Boulevard.  The Remonstrance was signed at a house on the site of the former State Armory, now a police facility, on the south side Northern Boulevard between Linden Place and Union Street.

text: English colonial history[edit]

text: In 1664, the English took control of New Amsterdam, ending Dutch control of the colony, and renamed it the Province of New York. When Queens County was established in 1683, the "Town of Flushing" was one of the original five towns which the county comprised.[10] Many historical references to Flushing are to this town, bounded from Newtown on the west by Flushing Creek (now Flushing River), from Jamaica on the south by the watershed, and from Hempstead on the east by what later became the Nassau County line. The town was dissolved in 1898 when Queens became a borough of New York City, and the term "Flushing" today usually refers to a much smaller area, for example the former Village of Flushing.

text: Flushing was a seat of power as the Province of New York up to the American Revolution was led by Governor Cadwallader Colden, based at his Spring Hill estate.[11][12]

text: Flushing was the site of the first commercial tree nurseries in North America, the most prominent being the Prince, Bloodgood, and Parsons nurseries. Much of the northern section of Kissena Park, former site of the Parsons nursery, still contains a wide variety of exotic trees. The naming of streets intersecting Kissena Boulevard on its way toward Kissena Park celebrates this fact (Ash Avenue, Beech, Cherry ...Poplar, Quince, Rose). Flushing also supplied trees to the Greensward project, now known as Central Park in Manhattan.  Well into the 20th century, Flushing contained many horticultural establishments and greenhouses.

text: During the American Revolution, Flushing, along with most settlements in present-day Queens County, favored the British and quartered British troops, though one battalion of Scottish Highlanders is known to have been stationed at Flushing during the war. Following the Battle of Long Island, Nathan Hale, an officer in the Continental Army, was apprehended near Flushing Bay while on what was probably an intelligence gathering mission and was later hanged.

text: The 1785 Kingsland Homestead, originally the residence of a wealthy Quaker merchant, now serves as the home of the Queens Historical Society.[13]

text: 19th century[edit]

text: During the 19th century, as New York City continued to grow in population and economic vitality, so did Flushing. Its proximity to Manhattan was critical in its transformation into a fashionable residential area. On April 15, 1837, the Village of Flushing was incorporated within the Town of Flushing.[14] The official seal was merely the words, "Village of Flushing," surrounded by nondescript flowers. No other emblem or flag is known to have been used. By the mid-1860s, Queens County had 30,429 residents. Flushing's growth continued with two new villages incorporating: College Point in 1867, and Whitestone in 1868. The first free public high school in what is now New York City was established in Flushing in 1875.  Flushing, then a small village, established a library in 1858.  This is the oldest in Queens County and only slightly younger than the library of the City of Brooklyn (1852). In 1898, although opposed to the proposal, the Town of Flushing (along with two other towns of Queens County) was consolidated into the City of New York to form the new Borough of Queens. All towns, villages, and cities within the new borough were dissolved. Local farmland continued to be subdivided and developed transforming Flushing into a densely populated neighborhood of New York City.

text: 20th century development[edit]

text: The continued construction of bridges over the Flushing River and the development of other roads increased the volume of vehicular traffic into Flushing. In 1909, the construction of the Queensboro Bridge (also known as the 59th Street Bridge) over the East River connected Queens County to midtown Manhattan.[15]

text: The introduction of rail road service to Manhattan in 1910 by the Long Island Rail Road Port Washington Branch and in 1928 by the New York City Subway's IRT Flushing Line (7 and <7> trains) hastened the continued transformation of Flushing to a commuter suburb and commercial center. Due to increased traffic, a main roadway through Flushing named Broadway was widened and renamed Northern Boulevard.[citation needed]

text: Flushing was a forerunner of Hollywood, when the young American film industry was still based on the U.S. East Coast and Chicago. Decades later, the RKO Keith's movie palace would host vaudeville acts and appearances by the likes of Mickey Rooney, the Marx Brothers and Bob Hope.

text: 21st century transformation[edit]

text: In the 21st century, Flushing has cemented its status as an international melting pot, predominantly attracting immigrants from Asia, particularly from throughout the various provinces of China, but including newcomers from all over the world. Flushing Chinatown is centered around Main Street and the area to its west, most prominently along Roosevelt Avenue, which have become the primary nexus of Flushing Chinatown. However, Chinatown continues to expand southeastward along Kissena Boulevard and northward beyond Northern Boulevard. The Flushing Chinatown houses over 30,000 individuals born in China alone, the largest Chinatown by this metric outside Asia and one of the largest and fastest-growing Chinatowns in the world.[16]

text: Streetscape[edit]

text: Asian communities[edit]

text: In the 1970s, a Chinese community established a foothold in the neighborhood of Flushing, whose demographic constituency had been predominantly non-Hispanic white, interspersed with a small Japanese  community. This wave of immigrants from Taiwan were the first to arrive and developed Flushing's Chinatown. It was known as Little Taipei or Little Taiwan.  Along with immigrants from Taiwan at this time, a large South Korean population also called Flushing home.

text: Before the 1970s, Cantonese immigrants had vastly dominated Chinese immigration to New York City; however during the 1970s, the Taiwanese immigrants were the first wave of Chinese immigrants who spoke Mandarin (Taiwanese also spoken) rather than Cantonese to arrive in New York City. Many Taiwanese immigrants were additionally Hokkien and had relatives or connections to Fujian province in China, which led to large influxes of Fuzhounese Americans.

text: Over the years, many new non-Cantonese ethnic Chinese immigrants from different regions and provinces of China started to arrive in New York City and settled in Flushing through word of mouth. This led to the creation of a more Mandarin-speaking Chinatown or Mandarin Town that gradually replaced Little Taipei. This wave of immigrants spoke Mandarin and various regional/provincial dialects. The early 90’s and 2000’s brought a wave of Fuzhounese Americans and Wenzhounese immigrants. Like the Taiwanese, they faced cultural and communication problems in Manhattan's dominant Cantonese-speaking Chinatown and settled in Flushing as well as Elmhurst, Queens, which also has a significant Mandarin-speaking population. Flushing's Chinese population became very diverse over the next few decades as people from different provinces started to arrive, infusing their varied languages and cultures into this new "Chinatown." [17][18][19][20] Due to the increased opening of Mainland China, there has been a growing Northern Chinese population in Flushing. These diverse Chinese immigrant populations have brought with them their own regional food cuisines which have led to Flushing being considered a "Food Mecca" for Chinese regional cuisine outside of Asia.[21][22]

text: Demographics[edit]

text: Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Flushing was 72,008, an increase of 2,646 (3.8%) from the 69,362 counted in 2000. Covering an area of 853.06 acres (345.22 ha), the neighborhood had a population density of 84.4 inhabitants per acre (54,000/sq mi; 20,900/km2).[2]

text: The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 9.5% (6,831) White, 4.2% (3,016) African American, 0.1% (74) Native American, 69.2% (49,830) Asian, 0.1% (59) Pacific Islander, 0.2% (172) from other races, and 1.8% (1,303) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.9% (10,723) of the population.[23]

text: Sections of Flushing[edit]

text: Diverse Chinese communities[edit]

text:
Chinatown, Flushing
The intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt AvenueTraditional Chinese
法拉盛華埠Simplified Chinese
法拉盛华埠
showTranscriptionsStandard MandarinHanyu Pinyin
Fǎlāshèng Huá BùGwoyeu Romatzyh
Faalashenq HwabuhWade–Giles
Fa3la1sheng4 Hua2 Pu4Tongyong Pinyin
Fǎlāshèng Húa BúIPA
[fàláʂə̂ŋ xwǎ pʰû]Yue: CantoneseIPA
[fāːtláːsȉŋ wȁːpòu]Jyutping
Faat3laa1sing4 Waa4 Bou6Southern MinHokkien POJ
Niú-iok Hôa-bú

text: Flushing Chinatown (法拉盛華埠), or Mandarin Town (國語埠)[24] is one of the largest and fastest growing ethnic Chinese enclaves outside Asia, as well as within New York City itself. In Mandarin, Flushing is known as "Falasheng" (Chinese: 法拉盛; pinyin: Fǎlāshèng).

text: Main Street and the area to its west, particularly along Roosevelt Avenue, have become the primary nexus of Flushing's Chinatown. However, Chinatown continues to expand southeastward along Kissena Boulevard and northward beyond Northern Boulevard. In the 1970s, a Chinese community established a foothold in the neighborhood of Flushing, whose demographic constituency had been predominantly non-Hispanic white. Taiwanese began the surge of immigration, followed by other groups of Chinese. By 1990, Asians constituted 41% of the population of the core area of Flushing, with Chinese in turn representing 41% of the Asian population.[17] However, ethnic Chinese are constituting an increasingly dominant proportion of the Asian population as well as of the overall population in Flushing and its Chinatown. A 1986 estimate by the Flushing Chinese Business Association approximated 60,000 Chinese in Flushing alone.[25]

text: Chinese demographic[edit]

text: The intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue, the business center for Flushing, on the westernmost edge of the neighborhood, has a large concentration of Chinese and Korean businesses, including Asian restaurants. Chinese-owned businesses in particular dominate the area along Main Street and the blocks west of it. Many of the signs and advertisements of the stores in the area are in Chinese. Ethnic Chinese constitute an increasingly dominant proportion of the Asian population and as well as of the overall population in Flushing. Consequently, Flushing's Chinatown has grown rapidly enough to become the largest Chinatown outside Asia and has surpassed the Manhattan Chinatown in size.[16]

text: A 1986 estimate by the Flushing Chinese Business Association approximated 60,000 Chinese in Flushing alone.[26] By 1990, Asians constituted 41% of the population of the core area of Flushing, with Chinese in turn representing 41% of the Asian population.[17] However, ethnic Chinese are constituting an increasingly dominant proportion of the Asian population as well as of the overall population in Flushing and its Chinatown. High rates of both legal[27][28] and illegal[29] immigration from Mainland China continue to spur the ongoing rise of the ethnic Chinese population in Flushing, as in all of New York City's Chinatowns.

text: According to a Daily News article, Flushing's Chinatown ranks as New York City's second largest Chinese community with 33,526 Chinese, up from 17,363, a 93% increase. The Brooklyn Chinatown (布鲁克林華埠) now ranks #1 as the largest Chinatown of NYC with 34,218 Chinese residents, up from 19,963 in 2000, a 71% increase. As for Manhattan's Chinatown, its Chinese population declined by 17%, from 34,554 to 28,681 since 2000 to rank #3.[30]

text: Culture[edit]

text: Flushing now rivals Manhattan's Chinatown as a center of Chinese culture[32] and has been called the "Chinese Manhattan".[33] The Lunar New Year Parade has become a growing annual celebration of Chinese New Year. More and larger Chinese supermarkets are locating and selling a diverse and uniquely vast array of Chinese food and ingredient selections in Flushing, the largest of which include Hong Kong Supermarket and New York Supermarket, which also happen to be rapidly growing Chinese American chain supermarkets.[34][35][36] The segment of Main Street between Roosevelt Avenue and Kissena Boulevard represents the cultural heart of Flushing Chinatown. Flushing's rise as an epicenter of Chinese culture outside Asia has been attributed to the remarkable diversity of regional Chinese demographics represented.

text: The World Journal, one of the largest Chinese-language newspapers outside China, is headquartered in adjacent Whitestone (白石), Queens, with offices in Flushing as well.[31] Numerous other Chinese- and English-language publications are available in Flushing. SinoVision, founded in 1990, one of the largest and most influential Chinese language television networks in North America has offices in Flushing while headquartered in Midtown Manhattan.

text: The popular styles of Chinese cuisine are ubiquitously accessible in Flushing,[37] including Hakka, Taiwanese, Shanghainese, Hunanese, Szechuan, Cantonese, Fujianese, Xinjiang, Zhejiang, and Korean Chinese cuisine. Even the relatively obscure Dongbei style of cuisine indigenous to Northeast China is now available in Flushing,[38] as well as Mongolian cuisine and Uyghur cuisine.[39]

text: Mandarin Chinese[40] (including Northeastern Mandarin), Fuzhou dialect, Min Nan (Hokkien), Wu Chinese (Wenzhounese, Shanghainese, Suzhou dialect, Hangzhou dialect), Cantonese, and English are all prevalently spoken in Flushing Chinatown, while the Mongolian language is now emerging. Given its rapidly growing status, the Flushing Chinatown has surpassed in size and population the original New York City Chinatown in the borough of Manhattan[16] and this substantial growth has resulted in a commensurate rise in this Chinatown's cultural status. The New York Times says that Flushing's Chinatown now rivals Manhattan's Chinatown for being the center of Chinese-speaking New Yorkers' politics and trade.[41]

text: In accompaniment with its rapid growth, Flushing in particular has witnessed the proliferation of highly competitive businesses touted as educational centers as well as non-profit organizations declaring the intent to educate the community. Some entities offer education in Mandarin,[42] the lingua franca of Mainland China; others profess to provide students with intensive training in computer and technological proficiency; while still others entice high school students with rigorous preparatory classes for college entrance examinations in mathematics, science, and English literacy.

text: A diverse array of social services geared toward assisting recent as well as established Chinese immigrants is readily available in Flushing.[43]

text: Satellite Chinatowns[edit]

text: The Elmhurst Chinatown on Broadway in nearby Elmhurst, another neighborhood in the borough of Queens, also has a large and rapidly growing Chinese community and is developing as a satellite of the Flushing Chinatown. Previously a small area with Chinese shops on Broadway between 81st Street and Cornish Avenue, this newly evolved second Chinatown in Queens has now expanded to 45th Avenue and Whitney Avenue.[44]

text: A third and fledgling Chinatown is now emerging in Queens, geographically between Flushing and Elmhurst, in the neighborhood of Corona.[45]

text: Korean community[edit]

text: There is a Koreatown which originated in Flushing, but has since spread eastward to Murray Hill, Bayside, Douglaston, and Little Neck in Queens, and also into Nassau County.[46][47][48][49][50] As of the 2010 United States Census, the Korean population of Queens was 64,107.[51]

text: History[edit]

text: In the 1980s, a continuous stream of Korean immigrants emerged into Flushing, many of whom began as workers in the medical field or Korean international students who had moved to New York City to find or initiate professional or entrepreneurial positions.[47] They established a foothold on Union Street in Flushing between 35th and 41st Avenues,[47] featuring restaurants and karaoke (noraebang) bars, grocery markets, education centers and bookstores, banking institutions, offices, consumer electronics vendors, apparel boutiques, and other commercial enterprises.[46]

text: As the community grew in wealth and population and rose in socioeconomic status, Koreans expanded their presence eastward along Northern Boulevard, buying homes[52] in more affluent and less crowded Queens neighborhoods and more recently into adjacent suburban Nassau County, bringing their businesses with them, and thereby expanding the Koreatown itself.[46] This expansion has led to the creation of an American Meokjagolmok, or Korean Restaurant Street, around the Long Island Rail Road station in Murray Hill, Queens, exuding the ambience of Seoul itself.[46] The eastward pressure to expand was also created by the inability to move westward, inhibited by the formidable presence of the enormous Flushing Chinatown (法拉盛華埠) centered on Main Street.[47]

text: Per the 2010 United States Census, the Korean population of Queens was 64,107,[51] representing the largest municipality in the United States with a density of at least 500 Korean Americans per square mile; while the Korean population of Nassau County had increased by nearly two-thirds to approximately 14,000 over one decade since the 2000 Census.[53] Along with the two Koreatowns of Bergen County, New Jersey (in Palisades Park and Fort Lee) and the Manhattan Koreatown in New York City, the Long Island Koreatown functions as a satellite node for an overall Korean American population of 218,764 individuals in the New York City Metropolitan Area,[54] the second largest population of ethnic Koreans outside Korea. Korean Air and Asiana Airlines provide non-stop flights from Seoul to JFK Airport[55][56] in Queens.

text: Culture[edit]

text: The Korea Times, a news organization based in Seoul, carries a significant presence in the Long Island Koreatown.

text: The Long Island Koreatown features numerous restaurants that serve both traditional and/or regional Korean cuisine. As noted above, the development of this Koreatown has led to the creation of an American Meokjagolmok, or Korean Restaurant Street, around the Long Island Rail Road station in Murray Hill, exuding the ambiance of Seoul itself.[46] Korean Chinese cuisine is now also available in Koreatown.

text: Korean and English are both spoken prevalently. Retail signs employing the Hangul (한글) alphabet are ubiquitous.

text: A significant array of social services toward assisting recent and established Korean immigrants is available in Koreatown.

text: There is also a significant population of Korean-Chinese or Chinese-Koreans in Flushing that bridge the Chinese and Korean communities. They can speak Mandarin, Korean, and English.[57]

text: Other ethnic communities[edit]

text: The neighborhood of East Flushing, technically within Greater Flushing, also houses a substantial Chinese community along with most of Downtown Flushing. However, East Flushing also substantially includes Irish, Greek, Russian, and Italian communities, as well as communities of Indians, Sri Lankans, Malaysians, and Hispanics, mostly Colombians and Salvadorans. This neighborhood tends to be more diverse visibly than Downtown Flushing because of the more even distribution of the ethnicities of East Flushing residents resulting in more businesses catering to each community rather than the dominance of Chinese and to a lesser extent Korean businesses in Downtown Flushing.

text: The northeastern section of Flushing near Bayside continues to maintain large Italian and Greek presences that are reflected in its many Italian and Greek bakeries, grocery stores and restaurants. The northwest is a mix of Jews, Greeks, and Italians. Most of central Flushing is an ethnic mix of Whites, Hispanic Americans, and Asian Americans.

text: An area south of Franklin Avenue houses a concentration of Indian, Pakistani, Afghan, and Bangladeshi markets. This concentration of South Asian businesses south of Franklin Avenue has existed since the late 1970s, one of the oldest Little Indias in North America. The Sri Maha Vallabha Ganapati Devasthanam (Sanskrit: श्री महावल्लभ गणपति देवस्थानम्, Tamil: ஸ்ரீ மகா வல்லப கணபதி தேவஸ்தானம்) at 45-57 Bowne Street in Flushing was the very first of the traditional Hindu temples in the US.[58][59] However, Indians are migrating eastward into neighborhoods in northeastern Queens and into Nassau County, as with many Chinese and Korean immigrants.

text: Named subsections[edit]

text: Broadway-Flushing[edit]

text: Broadway-Flushing, also known as North Flushing, is a residential area with many large homes. Part of this area has been designated a State and Federal historic district due to the elegant, park-like character of the neighborhood. Much of the area has been rezoned by the City of New York to preserve the low density, residential quality of the neighborhood. The neighborhood awaits designation as an Historic District by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. Broadway-Flushing is approximately bounded by 29th Avenue to the north, Northern Boulevard and Crocheron Avenue to the south, 155th Street to the west, and 172nd Streets to the east.

text: Linden Hill[edit]

text: Linden Hill is part of Flushing and is served by the NYPD's 109th Precinct and Queens Community Board 7. Its borders are defined as 25th Avenue to Willets Point Boulevard. to the north, 154th Street to the east, Northern Boulevard to the south and the Whitestone Expressway to the west.[60]

text: Linden Hill was originally a rural estate owned by the Mitchell family. Ernest Mitchell owned an adjacent area known as Breezy Hill and his father owned the area now called Linden Hill.[61] The two areas are sometimes referred to as Mitchell-Linden. A major change in the rural nature of Linden Hill occurred in the early 1950s. Neisloss Brothers with architect Benjamin Braunstein envisioned a cooperative project to be set on Linden Hill and landfill of an adjacent swamp which would provide middle-income housing to veterans of World War II and the Korean War[61] under Section 213 of the Federal Housing Act of 1950.[62] Gerace and Castagna with architects Samuel Paul and Seymour Jarmul subsequently developed the larger Linden Towers several years after this. Paul was additionally the architect of Embassy Arms.  In total, 41 six-story buildings containing 3,146 apartments comprising the Linden Hill, Mitchell Gardens, Linden Towers, and Embassy Arms cooperatives were erected.

text: Once a primarily European-American neighborhood, Linden Hill is now a diverse mix of European-Americans, Asian-Americans and Latino-Americans. The Asian-American population has expanded markedly in the southern part of Linden Hill in the past decade (as it has throughout Flushing) and the Latino-American population has also grown noticeably. Conversely, the European-American population has lessened somewhat, though European-Americans still remain in great numbers north of Bayside Avenue, west of 149th Street.

text: The local branch of the Queens Borough Public Library is located on Union Street and is known as the Mitchell Linden Branch.

text: Murray Hill[edit]

text: This subsection has a median income of $38,978 and ZIP codes of 11354, 11355, and 11358. Traditionally the home of families of Irish and Italian immigrants, many Korean and Chinese immigrants have moved into Murray Hill in recent years. Murray Hill within Flushing is often confused with the larger Murray Hill neighborhood on the East Side of Manhattan.[63][64]

text: Before the area was developed for residential housing in 1889, Murray Hill was the location of several large nurseries owned by the King, Murray, and Parsons families.[65] The Kingsland Homestead has been preserved as the home of the Queens Historical Society.[63] The Voelker Orth Museum, Bird Sanctuary and Victorian Garden is also located in Murray Hill.[66]

text: Comic strip artist Richard F. Outcault, the creator of The Yellow Kid and Buster Brown, lived on 147th Street in Murray Hill.[67]

text: Queensboro Hill[edit]

text: Queensboro Hill in southern Flushing is bordered to the West by College Point Boulevard, to the North by Kissena Park and Kissena Corridor Park, to the South by Reeves Avenue and the Long Island Expressway, and to the East by Kissena Boulevard. Queensboro Hill is a part of ZIP codes 11355 and 11367 and contains a New York Hospital Queens branch. One of the leading churches is the Queensboro Hill Community Church, a multi-racial congregation of the Reformed Church in America. Turtle Playground serves the residents of this section of Flushing.

text: This area is often referred to as South Flushing. This may also refer to Pomonok.

text: Waldheim[edit]

text: The Waldheim neighborhood, an estate subdivision in Flushing constructed primarily between 1875 and 1925, is a small district of upscale "in-town" suburban architecture that preservationists have tried to save for at least twenty-five years. Waldheim, German for "home in the woods", known for its large homes of varying architectural styles, laid out in an unusual street pattern, was the home of some of Flushing's wealthiest residents until the 1960s. Notable residents include the Helmann family of condiment fame, the Steinway family of piano notability, as well as A. Douglas Nash, who managed a nearby Tiffany glass plant. The neighborhood was rezoned by the City of New York in 2008, in order to halt the destruction of its original housing stock, which began in the late 1980s, and to help preserve the low density, residential character of the neighborhood. As with the Broadway neighborhood, preservationists have been unable to secure designation as an Historic District by the NYC Landmarks Preservation Commission to date. Today, Waldheim stretches between Sanford and Franklin Avenues on the north, 45th Avenue on the south, Bowne Street on the west and Parsons Boulevard on the east. The area is immediately southeast of the downtown Flushing commercial core, and adjacent to Kissena Park.

text: Places[edit]

text: Houses of worship[edit]

text: Flushing is among the most religiously diverse communities in America. Today, Flushing abounds with houses of worship, ranging from the Dutch colonial epoch Quaker Meeting House, the historic Unitarian Universalist Congregation of Queens, St. Andrew Avellino Roman Catholic Church, St. George's Episcopal Church, the Free Synagogue of Flushing, the Congregation of Georgian Jews, St. Mel Roman Catholic Church, St. Michael's Catholic Church, St. Nicholas Greek Orthodox Shrine Church, St. John's Lutheran Church, Queensboro Hill Community Church, Hindu Temple Society of North America, and the Muslim Center of New York.[68]

text: There are "over 200 places of worship in a small urban neighborhood about 2.5 square miles (6.3 square kilometers)."[69] "Flushing has become a model for religious pluralism in America, says R. Scott Hanson, a visiting assistant professor of history at the State University of New York at Binghamton and an affiliate of the Pluralism Project at Harvard University."[70]

text: In 1657, while Flushing was still a Dutch settlement, a document known as the Flushing Remonstrance was created by Edward Hart, the town clerk, where some thirty ordinary citizens protested a ban imposed by Peter Stuyvesant, the director general of New Amsterdam, forbidding the harboring of Quakers. The Remonstrants cited the Flushing Town charter of 1645 which promised liberty of conscience.[9]

text: Landmarks, museums, and cultural institutions[edit]

text: Flushing has many landmark buildings. Flushing Town Hall[71] on Northern Boulevard is the headquarters of the Flushing Council on Culture and the Arts, an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C.[72] The building houses a concert hall and cultural center and is one of the sites designated along the Queens Historical Society's Freedom Mile.[73]

text: Other registered New York City Landmarks include the Bowne House, Kingsland Homestead, Old Quaker Meeting House (1694), Flushing High School, St. George's Church (1854), the Lewis H. Latimer House, the former RKO Keith's movie theater, the United States Post Office on Main Street, and the Unisphere, the iconic 12-story-high stainless steel globe that served as the centerpiece for the 1964 New York World's Fair. The Flushing Armory, on Northern Boulevard, was formerly used by the National Guard. Presently, the Queens North Task Force of the New York City Police Department uses this building.[74]  In 2005, the Fitzgerald-Ginsberg Mansion[75] on Bayside Avenue and in 2007, the Voelker Orth Museum, Bird Sanctuary and Victorian Garden[76] were designated as landmarks.  In addition, the Broadway-Flushing Historic District, Free Synagogue of Flushing, and Main Street Subway Station (Dual System IRT) are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[77]

text: Several attractions were originally developed for the World's Fairs in Flushing Meadows-Corona Park. There is a stone marker for the two 5,000-year Westinghouse Time Capsules made of special alloys buried in the park, chronicling 20th-century life in the United States, dedicated both in 1938 and 1965. Also in the park are the Queens Museum of Art which features a scale model of the City of New York, the largest architectural model ever built; Queens Theatre in the Park;[78] the New York Hall of Science and the Queens Zoo.  The New York State Pavilion was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009.[77]

text: The Queens Botanical Garden on Main Street has been in operation continuously since its opening as an exhibit at the 1939 New York World's Fair. The Botanical Garden carries on Flushing's nearly three centuries-long horticultural tradition, dating back to its once famed tree nurseries and seed farms.

text: Parks[edit]

text: All the public parks and playgrounds in Flushing are supervised by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation. For Queens County, the Department of Parks and Recreation is headquartered at The Overlook in Forest Park located in Kew Gardens.

text:
Flushing Meadows–Corona Park, a 1,255-acre (5.08 km2) park, is considered a flagship park in Queens. The site hosted two World's Fairs, the first in 1939–1940 and the second in 1964–1965. As the result, the park infrastructure reflects the construction undertaken for the Fairs. Also located here is Citi Field, home of the New York Mets of Major League Baseball and the USTA Billie Jean King National Tennis Center which is the home of the US Tennis Open. In 2008, a new Aquatic Center was opened in the park.[79]
Kissena Park is a 234-acre (0.95 km2) park with a lake as a centerpiece.
Queens Botanical Garden is a 39-acre (0.16 km2) garden comprising the upper portion of Flushing Meadows – Corona Park.
Kissena Corridor Park is a 100.873-acre (0.40822 km2) park which connects two separate corridors, adjoining Flushing Meadows-Corona Park to Kissena Park. It contains a baseball field and it has a playground called Rachel Carson Playground.
Bowne Park is an 11-acre (45,000 m2) park developed on the former estate of New York City Mayor Walter Bowne.
Flushing Fields is a 10-acre (40,000 m2) greenbelt that includes the home athletic field of Flushing High School.

tag: ul

text: Malls[edit]

text: Many shopping malls and entertainment centers have emerged in the heart of Flushing. These multi-use businesses serve as sites for both business and leisure.

text:
Queens Crossing, at 39th Avenue and 136th Street, which opened in 2017.[80]
New World Mall, at Roosevelt Avenue east of Main Street
One Fulton Square, at 39th Avenue and Prince Street, which opened in 2014.[81]
The Shops at Skyview Center, at College Point Boulevard and Roosevelt Avenue, which opened in 2010.[82] The mall also contains a condominium development atop it.[83]
Flushing Commons, at 39th Avenue and Union Street, which opened its first phase in 2017. This is a multi-phase retail and housing development project.[84]
Tangram, at 39th Avenue and 133rd Street. It is in development and set to house the first 4DX movie theater in Queens.[85]

text: Education[edit]

text: Public schools in Flushing are supervised by the New York City Department of Education through Administrative District 25. There are numerous public Elementary and Junior High Schools in Flushing and students generally attend a school based on the location of their residence.

text: Public schools[edit]

text: Public elementary and middle schools include: John Bowne Elementary P.S. 20, P.S. 107,  P.S. 21 Edward Hart Elementary School, Thomas Jefferson Elementary P.S. 22,  Andrew Jackson Elementary P.S. 24, Cadwallader Colden Elementary P.S. 214, P.S. 32, Adrien Block Intermediate I.S. 25, Daniel Carter Beard Junior High School 189, and Edward Bleeker JHS 185.

text: The six public high schools in Flushing are:

text:
John Bowne High School
East-West School of International Studies
Robert F. Kennedy Community High School
Townsend Harris High School, a selective high school located on the Queens College campus, was once ranked by U.S. News and World Report as one of the best public high schools in the United States.
The Flushing International High School
Flushing High School, the oldest free public high school (1875) in what is now New York City. It is housed in a distinctive Gothic Revival building built between 1912 and 1915 and declared a NYC Landmark in 1991.

text: I.S. 237[edit]

text: I.S. 237, an arts-oriented magnet school also known as Rachel Carson Intermediate School 237, is also located in Flushing, at 46-21 Colden Street. This school consists of grades 6, 7, and 8. The school was named after scientist Rachel Carson, the writer of Silent Spring which inspired people to name the school after her; it opened in 1971. Each year in June for the 8th graders they have a senior trip to the Poconos. In 1999 the school took ownership of a park called Rachel Carson Playground, which is right across from the school. Judith Friedman is the principal of the school, which has over 1200[86] students. Since 2006 the school made room for a new school to use the space up on the 4th floor for the East-West School of International Studies.[87]

text: East-West School of International Studies[edit]

text: The East-West School of International Studies[88] (Public School Q281) was established in 2006 in I.S. 237; the school serves students in grades 6-12 with an emphasis on Asian studies. It opened in September 2006 with 6th through 12th grade classes.[89] Operated by the New York City Department of Education, it is led by principal Ben Sherman, has an average class size of 25 students, and has a student-teacher ratio of 14.9:1 in 2006-07,[90] As it shares space with I.S. 237, the education department is looking at sites for the East-West School to occupy, including a nearby Home Depot.[91]

text: The East-West School curriculum prepares students to graduate high school with a Regents' diploma and proficiency in Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, or Korean.[92]

text: Student groups and activities include erhu club, anime club, art, STEP team, dance team calligraphy, chess club, dance, film-making, MOUSE Squad (student computer maintenance), mentoring, Model United Nations, music, newspaper, peer tutoring, step club, Korean Traditional Painting, Korean dancing and singing, and student government. Athletic clubs and teams include basketball, yoga, martial arts, soccer, t'ai chi, judo, and table tennis.[93][94][95]

text: Private schools[edit]

text: The private high schools include:

text:
Archbishop Molloy High School
Holy Cross High School

text: On December 22, 1980,[96] The Japanese School of New York moved from Jamaica Estates, Queens into Fresh Meadows, Queens,[97] near Flushing. In 1991, the school moved to Yonkers in Westchester County, New York, before moving to Greenwich, Connecticut in 1992.[96]

text: As a result of the high number of Chinese & Korean immigrants with (Confucius) educationally orientated outlooks, there is a large number of cram schools (Buxiban & hagwon) located not only in Flushing, but following Northern Blvd. west into Nassau County.[98]

text: Higher education[edit]

text: Queens College, founded in 1937, is a senior college of the City University of New York (CUNY), and is commonly misconstrued to be within Flushing neighborhood limits due to its Flushing mailing address. It is actually located in the nearby neighborhood of Kew Gardens Hills on Kissena Boulevard near the Long Island Expressway. The City University of New York School of Law was founded in 1983 adjacent to the Queens College campus, and was located at 65-21 Main Street in Kew Gardens Hills until 2012.[99] It moved to Long Island City for the Fall 2012 Semester. The Law School operates Main Street Legal Services Corp., a legal services clinic.

text: Libraries[edit]

text: In 1858, the first library in Queens County was founded in Flushing.  Today, there are eight branches of the Queens Borough Public Library with Flushing addresses.[101]  The largest of the Flushing branches is located at the intersection of Kissena Boulevard and Main Street[102] in Flushing's central business district and is the busiest branch of the highest circulation system[103] in the country.[102][104] This library has and houses an auditorium for public events. The current building, designed by Polshek Partnership Architects, is the third to be built on the site—the first was a gift of Andrew Carnegie.[104]

text: Hospitals[edit]

text: New York Hospital Queens (formerly known as Booth Memorial Hospital), a member of the New York-Presbyterian Healthcare System, is a major medical center providing Flushing as well as surrounding communities with comprehensive medical care services.[105] Numerous tertiary medical clinics also serve the residents of Flushing.

text: Flushing Hospital Medical Center serves the area as well.

text: Transportation[edit]

text: The New York City Subway operates the IRT Flushing Line (7 and <7> trains). The Flushing–Main Street station, located at the intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue, is currently the eastern terminus of the line.[106] Until the Flushing line made its way to the intersection of Main Street and Roosevelt Avenue in 1928, the center of Flushing was considered to be at the intersection of Northern Boulevard and Main Street.

text: The Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch has five stations in Flushing. The Flushing–Main Street is located one block away from the IRT station. The other stations in the neighborhood are Mets – Willets Point, Murray Hill, Broadway and Auburndale. The Port Washington Branch provides a direct rail link to Penn Station in Manhattan.[107]

text: Major highways that serve the area include the Van Wyck Expressway, Whitestone Expressway, Grand Central Parkway, and Long Island Expressway. Northern Boulevard extends from the Queensboro Bridge in Long Island City through Flushing into Nassau County.

text: There are also many buses run by Metropolitan Transportation Authority affiliate New York City Bus (routes Q12, Q13, Q15, Q15A, Q16, Q17, Q20A, Q20B, Q26, Q27, Q28, Q44 SBS, Q48, Q58) and subsidiary MTA Bus Company (routes Q19, Q25, Q34, Q50, Q65, Q66). The n20G Nassau Inter-County Express bus route terminates in Flushing.[108]

text: Political clout[edit]

text: The political stature of Flushing appears to be increasing significantly, with many Chinese from Flushing becoming New York City Council members. Taiwan-born John Liu, former New York City Council member representing District 20, which includes Flushing and other northern Queens neighborhoods, was elected to his current position of New York City Comptroller in November 2009. Concomitantly, Shanghai-born Peter Koo was elected to succeed Liu to assume this council membership seat. Additionally, in 2012 Flushing resident Grace Meng, a State Assembly Member, was elected to Congress as the first Asian-American member of that chamber east of the Mississippi.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The first series of Charmin toilet paper commercials featuring Mr. Whipple (Dick Wilson) were filmed in Flushing at the Trade Rite supermarket on Bowne Street and Roosevelt Ave.
The rock band KISS first played at the Coventry Club on Queens Boulevard in 1973, and is said to have derived its name from "Kissena", one of Flushing's major boulevards.[109]
Joel Fleischman, the fictional character from the 1990s comedic drama Northern Exposure, was said to have relocated from Flushing. Often, references were made to actual locations around Main Street, Flushing.
The eponymous celebration in Taiwanese director Ang Lee's 1993 comedy hit, The Wedding Banquet, takes place in Downtown Flushing's Sheraton LaGuardia East Hotel.
Fran Drescher's character "Fran Fine" on the TV show The Nanny, was said to have been raised in Flushing, where her family still lived. Drescher was born in Flushing Hospital.
Flushing was the location of the Stark Industries (later Stark International) munitions plant in Marvel Comics' original Iron Man series. In the movie Iron Man 2, the Stark Expo is located in Flushing.
On the Norman Lear-produced TV show All in the Family, in the episode when Edith Bunker was arrested for shop lifting, she mentions the now-defunct Q14 bus, and the names of a few long-gone stores that were in downtown Flushing.  The Bunkers also mention having lived on Union St. in Flushing.
The main characters of The Black Stallion series resided in Flushing and many of Flushing's streets and landmarks in the 1940s were mentioned in the first book.
In the musical Hair, the character Claude Bukowski is from Flushing.
It was the home of Shea Stadium and currently Citi Field, the home of the New York Mets.
The 2014 novel Preparation for the Next Life by Atticus Lish takes place largely in Flushing and surrounding neighborhoods. The novel depicts the unlikely romance between an Iraq War veteran and a Uighur immigrant.

text: Notable people[edit]

text: Notable residents[edit]

text:
Judd Apatow (born 1967), stand-up comedian, director, producer, actor, screenwriter[110]
Annet Artani (born 1976), singer-songwriter and international pop star[111]
Yak Ballz, rapper, born Yashar Zadeh[citation needed]
Daniel Carter Beard (1850-1941), founder of the Boy Scouts of America[112]
Jerry Beck (born 1955), animation historian[citation needed]
Michael Bellusci, musician[113]
Black Sheep (hip hop group), rap group[citation needed]
James A. Bland (1854-1911), singer and composer[114]
Joe Bolton (1910-1986), host of the WPIX show "Clubhouse Gang" and "The Three Stooges Funhouse" as Officer Joe Bolton[citation needed]
Action Bronson (born 1983), rapper[115]
Godfrey Cambridge (1933-1976), comedian and actor[116]
Cadwallader Colden (1688-1776), Lieutenant Governor and acting Governor for the Province of New York. Estate was at Springhill, now the location of Mount Hebron Cemetery.
Joseph Cornell (1903-1972), artist[117]
Manuel De Peppe, actor, drummer, singer, music producer, songwriter[citation needed]
Harris Doran (born 1978), writer, director, actor, producer
Fran Drescher (born 1957), actress, author, politician/humanitarian, cancer survivor, activist (known for The Nanny as Fran Fine)[118]
Thomas Duane (born 1955), first openly gay member of the New York State Senate[119]
Jimmy Durante (1893-1980), singer, pianist, comedian and actor[citation needed]
Jon Favreau (born 1966), actor/producer/director[120]
F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940), novelist who lived at 29-34 146th Street[citation needed]
Franky G (born 1965), actor[121]
Mic Geronimo (born 1973), rapper[citation needed]
Nancy Gertner, federal court judge [122]
Charles Dana Gibson (1867-1944), illustrator[123]
Eugene Glazer (born 1939), American Olympic fencer
Mary Gordon (born 1949), writer
Al Greenwood (born 1951), former keyboardist of Foreigner
Marvin Hamlisch, composer
Heejun Han, American Idol contestant
Mark Hurd, former CEO of Hewlett-Packard and current CEO of Oracle Corp
Dan Ingram (born 1934), retired radio disc jockey[124]
Sarah Jones, Tony Award-winning stage actress and poet
Steve Karsay, baseball player
Keith and The Girl, podcasters
Kevin "Flushing Flash" Kelley, boxer
Clarence King, explorer and geologist
Cathy Ladman, stand-up comedian, actress, writer (grew up in Little Neck)
Large Professor, hip-hop producer
Gene Larkin, Major League Baseball player
Lewis Latimer, inventor
Martin Lawrence, actor and comedian
Sandra Lee (dermatologist), "Dr Pimple Popper", TV and YouTube reality host
Paul Martin Lester, author and educator
Ken Levine, Creator of Bioshock Series, CEO of Irrational Games
Reggie Lucas (1953–2018), musician, songwriter and record producer[125]
Gene Mayer, tennis player
Sandy Mayer, tennis player
Nettie Mayersohn, New York Assemblywoman from 1983 to 2011
Charles Momsen, vice admiral who organized rescue of USS Squalus
Robert Moog (1934-2005), inventor of the Moog synthesizer[126]
Rick Moonen, executive chef of RM Seafood and R Bar Café at Mandalay Bay[127]
Lewis Mumford (1895-1990), architecture critic and historian[128]
Tito Muñoz (born 1983), conductor and is Music Director of the Phoenix Symphony[129]
Prong, crossover thrash band
Richard Outcault, creator of Buster Brown, The Yellow Kid, and Hogan's Alley
Christopher Panzner, artist/writer/producer
Samuel Parsons (1844-1923), landscape architect
Nancy Reagan (1921-2016), actress and former First Lady[130]
Richard Riordan (born 1930), Los Angeles mayor[131]
Royal Flush, rapper
John Seery, artist
Kasey Smith, Danger Danger keyboardist
Paul Stanley, member of the band KISS
Beau Starr, actor
Mike Starr, actor
Henry E. Steinway (1797-1871), founder of Steinway & Sons piano company
Jeannie Suk, Professor of Law / Harvard Law School
Himanshu Suri, musician
Tobias Truvillion, actor
Bill Viola, video artist
Tommy Victor, rock singer, guitarist, songwriter
John Vinocur, journalist[132]
Suzanne Weyn, children's author
Harvey and Bob Weinstein, founders of Miramax and the Weinstein Company
John Williams, Academy Award-winning film composer
Najibullah Zazi, convicted al-Qaeda member

text: Buried in Flushing[edit]

text:
John Bowne, Quaker advocate
Louis "Lepke" Buchalter, mafia boss
Alan King, comedian
Louis Armstrong, famed jazz trumpeter and singer
Bernard Baruch, financier
Eugene Bullard, the first Black military pilot
Ellis Parker Butler, author noted for the story Pigs is Pigs
Dr. Adam Clayton Powell, Sr.
Blossom Dearie, singer and pianist
Jack Gilford, comedian and actor.
Waxey Gordon, notable American gangster
Dizzy Gillespie, famed jazz trumpeter and singer
Hermann Grab, Bohemian writer
Thomas Birdsall Jackson, United States Congressman
Bert Lahr, actor
Molly Picon, Yiddish stage and film star
Lemuel E. Quigg, United States Representative from New York
May Robson, actress
Boris and Bessie Thomashefsky, celebrated husband and wife, Yiddish theatre stars
Aris San, acclaimed Greek-Israeli singer

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