document_title: Every Rose Has Its Thorn

question_text: who is the original singer of every rose has its thorn

text: Every Rose Has Its Thorn

text: Song[edit]

text: Musically, the song starts quietly and features two guitar solos, one mellow and one fast. During the writing of the song, Poison had been playing at a cowboy bar called "The Ritz" in Dallas, Texas, accounting for the song's recognizable references to cowboys in the chorus, along with the twang in Bret Michaels' vocals, which give the song a country feel not often heard in power ballads composed by glam metal bands.

text: Background and writing[edit]

text: In an interview with VH1's Behind the Music, Michaels said the inspiration for the song came from a night when he was in a laundromat waiting for his clothes to dry, and called his girlfriend on a pay phone. Michaels said he heard a male voice in the background and was devastated; he said he went into the laundromat and wrote "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" as a result.[4]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The music video to "Every Rose" was similar to those filmed for other 1980s power ballads. It features Michaels in a cowboy hat and country attire sitting down on a stool playing the guitar and singing along to the song in a dimly lit room with one strobe light, interspersed with various clips from the band's 1988 tour.

text: Chart performance[edit]

text: "Every Rose Has Its Thorn" became the group's first (and only to date) number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100; it climbed to the top during the two last weeks of 1988 and the first week of 1989. Billboard ranked it as the No. 3 song for 1989.[5]

text:
Chart (1988–1989)
Peak
position

Australia (ARIA)[6]
16

Germany (Official German Charts)[7]
38

Ireland (IRMA)
8

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[8]
18

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[9]
8

Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[10]
20

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[11]
12

United Kingdom (The Official Charts Company)
13

U.S. Billboard Hot 100
1

U.S. Billboard Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks
11

text: Chart successions[edit]

text:
Preceded by
"Look Away" by Chicago
Billboard Hot 100 number-one single
December 18, 1988 – January 7, 1989
Succeeded by
"My Prerogative" by Bobby Brown

text: Albums[edit]

text: The song originally appeared on the album Open Up and Say... Ahh!. It was later included in greatest hits compilations such as Poison's Greatest Hits: 1986–1996, The Best of Poison: 20 Years of Rock or Best of Ballads & Blues.

text: Live versions of the song appeared on the following albums:

text:
Live, Raw & Uncut CD
Power to the People
Seven Days Live CD
Swallow This Live

text: An acoustic version appeared as a bonus track on Poison's 2000 album Crack a Smile... and More!

text: Bret Michaels re-recorded the song in 2001 for his solo album Ballads, Blues & Stories.

text: A country version by Bret Michaels appears on

text:
Freedom of Sound (2005)
Custom Built (2010)

text: Personnel (Poison version)[edit]

text:
Bret Michaels - Lead Vocals, Acoustic Guitar
C.C. DeVille - Lead Guitar, Keyboards, Backing Vocals
Rikki Rockett - Drums, Backing Vocals
Bobby Dall - Bass, Backing Vocals

text: Additional personnel[edit]

text:
John Purdell - Horns
Tom Werman - Strings Arrangement, Production, Arrangement

text: Uses in media[edit]

text: The song appeared in the films:

text:
Beerfest
Bill and Ted's Bogus Journey
Cop Out (2012)
Fubar II
Deuce Bigalow: European Gigolo
Hop (2011)
Run Ronnie Run
Rock of Ages (2012)

text: The song appeared in one or more episodes of the following TV shows:

text:
The Simpsons ("It's a Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad Marge")
Yes, Dear ("Greg's Big Day")
The O.C. ("The Rager")
October Road ("The Pros and Cons of Upsetting the Apple Cart").
Neighbours
One Tree Hill
Rock of Love with Bret Michaels (several episodes)

text: The song was made available to download on February 12, 2012 for play in Rock Band 3 Basic and PRO mode utilizing real guitar / bass guitar, and MIDI compatible electronic drum kits/keyboards plus vocal harmonies. The song appeared in 2009 music game Band Hero.

text: Cover versions[edit]

text:
American recording artist Miley Cyrus recorded a version of the song for her 2010 album Can't Be Tamed.
In early 2013, composer Bret Michaels recorded yet another version. This time, it was as a duet with the country music singer Loretta Lynn and can be found on his album Jammin' with Friends. He performed an acoustic version in the episode "Happy Endings" of TV series Revolution.


document_title: Have You Been Paying Attention?

question_text: when does have you been paying attention start in 2018

root

text: Have You Been Paying Attention?

text: Format[edit]

text: The series sees the host ask guests a range of news-related questions. In turn, guests frequently give humorous or satirical answers, but only correct answers are awarded points.[1] The series has also become known for its banter between its serious moderator and its not as serious contestants. In addition to questions regarding the previous week's events, the contestants are also quizzed in various other games. Generally, two of these segments are played in each episode.

tag: p

text: Regular segments[edit]

text:
General subject segments: News events from the past week which can be grouped into the categories of Showbiz or Sport.
Guest Quizmasters segment: Often about ten questions in length at each interval in the program. The questions asked are usually related to the guest quizmaster.
Rapid Recall: This is the final round and segment of the show and sees contestants required to answer as quickly as possible as the segment is timed. This is the only segment during the show where the scores are not readily shown.

tag: ul

text: Varying Segments[edit]

text:
Over or Under: Each contestant individually watches a clip from RBT and must guess if the person is "over or under" the legal blood-alcohol limit (.05%, as per Australian law).
Trash or Treasure: Each contestant individually watches a clip from Antiques Roadshow and must guess if the item the person has is worth under £1000 (trash) or is worth over £1000 (treasure).
Going, Going, Gone: A series of questions about famous items being sold over the past week and contestants must answer what it is famous for, or which famous person used or owned it.
Either/Or: The original variation of the above three and is used primarily to test the contestants' understanding of complicated (or amusing) names in the news.
Identify These International Versions of Well Known Reality TV Formats: Each contestant individually watches a short clip of an international version of a well known reality television format. Contestants are awarded 10 points for correctly guessing the format and 10 points if they can guess the country the clip is from (e.g. if a clip from the Israeli version of Survivor was shown, a contestant would receive 10 points for answering Survivor and/or 10 points for answering Israel).
Celebrity Questions: Added in 2015, a celebrity asks a set of questions based on them or their work. Similar to the Guest Quizmasters segment in nature.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Hosts[edit]

text:
Tom Gleisner
Jane Kennedy (4 episodes)[4][5]

text: Guests[edit]

text:
Contestant
Appearances
Show wins

Ed Kavalee
115
37

Sam Pang
107
6

Jane Kennedy
35
6

Celia Pacquola
32
6

Mick Molloy
26
1

Glenn Robbins
22
2

Kate Langbroek
19
3

Dave Hughes
16
3

Marty Sheargold
18
5

Kitty Flanagan
17
2

Cal Wilson
12
6

Peter Helliar
12
5

Abby Coleman
11
3

Anne Edmonds
15
2

Urzila Carlson
15
4

Fifi Box
9
4

Lehmo
9
1

Troy Kinne
7
0

Michala Banas
6
5

Hamish Blake
6
0

Chrissie Swan
7
3

Lawrence Mooney
6
2

Monty Dimond
5
0

Neroli Meadows
5
2

Rachel Corbett
5
1

Santo Cilauro
5
0

Sarah Harris
4
1

Tegan Higginbotham
4
1

Josh Lawson
4
0

Merrick Watts
4
0

Dilruk Jayasinha
5
1

Amanda Keller
5
4

Ronny Chieng
3
0

Akmal Saleh
3
0

Luke McGregor
3
0

Celeste Barber
3
1

Georgie Carroll
4
0

Susie Youssef
6
1

Arj Barker
2
0

Wil Anderson
3
2

Rose Matafeo
3
1

Nick Cody
2
0

Jen Kirkman
1
0

Sara Pascoe
1
0

Joel Creasey
1
0

Andy Lee
1
0

Julia Morris
1
0

Tony Martin
2
0

tag: table

text: Production and broadcast[edit]

text: The series was first commissioned by Network Ten on 25 October 2013, with the first season to consist of 8 episodes which would air over the final four weeks of ratings season and first four weeks of Summer ratings.[6]

text: In February 2014, it was reported in an interview with host and co-executive producer Tom Gleisner that Network Ten had given the series an "open-ended" run for its 2014 season.[1] The second season premiered on 23 February 2014 in the new timeslot of 6pm Sunday.[1] On 9 April 2014, part way through the second season, it was announced that the show would be moved from the 6pm Sunday timeslot to 9.30pm Monday, and expanded to a one-hour format. The later timeslot would allow the series to include more adult themes. Following a six-week hiatus, the show returned on Monday 19 May 2014.[7][8][3] Beginning on 14 July, season two moved an hour earlier to 8:30pm as a result of the low ratings of 24: Live Another Day which previously occupied the timeslot.[9]

text: On 29 September 2014, it was reported that a Year in Review special had been commissioned which would air later in the year.[10] The special aired on 17 November 2014, reviewing the top news stories of the past 12 months.[11] The special saw the introduction of guest quizmasters to the format, which have since become a recurring feature of the series.[3][11]

text: On 14 November 2014, the series was renewed for a third season,[12] which premiered on 11 May 2015.[13]

text: A second Year in Review special aired following the third season, premiering on 23 November 2015.[14]

text: On 26 October 2015, the series was renewed for a fourth season,[15] which premiered on 9 May 2016.[16] In October 2016, part of the set was revamped to include illuminating buzzers and minor changes in graphics.[citation needed]

text: A 2016 Year in Review special premiered on 21 November 2016.[17]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The series is filmed at Network Ten studios in South Yarra, Melbourne in front of a live studio audience.[18] The series was originally filmed on a Saturday,[1] but successive seasons saw filming moved from Mondays to Sundays.[19] Filming the day prior to airing, the series aims to be as current as possible.[1][19] Due to the potentially offensive or inappropriate answers given by guests, alternate endings are filmed should episode winners change during post-production when such answers are excluded from airing.[19]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
8
3 November 2013 (2013-11-03)
22 December 2013 (2013-12-22)

2
26 + 1 Special
23 February 2014 (2014-02-23)
29 September 2014 (2014-09-29)

3
28 + 1 Special
11 May 2015 (2015-05-11)
23 November 2015 (2015-11-23)

4
27 + 1 Special
9 May 2016 (2016-05-09)
21 November 2016 (2016-11-21)

5
29 + 1 Special
8 May 2017 (2017-05-08)
27 November 2017 (2017-11-27)

6

13 May 2018 (2018-05-13)
25 November 2018 (2018-11-25)

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Recipients and nominees
Result
Refs.

2016
Logie Awards of 2016
Best Entertainment Program
Have You Been Paying Attention
Nominated
[20]

Most Outstanding Entertainment Program
Nominated

2017
Logie Awards of 2017
Best Entertainment Program
Won
[21]

Most Outstanding Entertainment Program
Won

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The series came under criticism as a result of jokes relating to the death of King of Thailand Bhumibol Adulyadej during the episode airing on 17 October 2016 (Season 4 Episode 23). As a result, Network Ten issued a formal apology to Thailand's Ambassador to Australia Chirachai Punkrasin, and the footage in question was removed from Network Ten's website, social media, and was removed from the episode for future broadcasts.[22]


document_title: A Dog's Purpose (film)

question_text: who played young hannah in a dog's purpose

question_tokens: who played young hannah in a dog 's purpose

text: A Dog's Purpose (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the 1950s, a feral puppy named Toby is whisked away to the dog pound and quickly euthanized, wondering if "fun" truly is life's purpose.

text: His strong spirit is reborn and reincarnated as a newborn Retriever puppy in 1961, Toby leaves his cage at a puppy mill and is found by two garbage men who plan to sell him for their own profit. They leave to drink and Toby is spotted locked inside their pick-up truck by a young boy named Ethan and his mother, who rescue him from the brink of death by heatstroke. After they convince Ethan's father, the dog is allowed to stay and renamed Bailey.

text: Bailey and Ethan bond quickly, especially over the summer when the family visits Ethan's maternal grandparents' farm, and Bailey now believes Ethan alone is his purpose. Years pass and after several attempts at advancing in his job failed, Ethan's father has become a deadbeat alcoholic, though teenage Ethan still tries to respect him - inviting him to a football game now that he has been named starting quarterback.

text: Over the summer, Ethan goes to a fair with Bailey and meets Hannah, who he quickly begins dating, with Bailey referring to her as "part of the pack". Ethan and Hannah spend their summer happy together though their senior years are upcoming, but they plan to go to the same school; popular Ethan getting a football scholarship and Hannah following him on an academic one. When he goes home one night though, Ethan's father is drunk and shouting at Ethan's mother. He turns on Ethan then and when his mother tries to keep them separated, he shoves her to the ground. Ethan orders his father to leave and never come back, and becomes "the leader of the pack."

text: Later, at a game watched by scouts, Ethan is offered a full 4-year scholarship to Michigan State, but that night a vindictive classmate named Todd throws a lit firecracker into Ethan's house as a prank, which unintentionally results in a house fire. Bailey alerts Ethan, who goes to save his mother. Unable to get out of the door, they head out through his mother's bedroom window upstair. Ethan first lowers her with her sheets to the neighbors below, then Bailey — but when trying to jump himself, Ethan badly fractures his leg, ending his dreams of an athletic scholarship. Bailey attacks Todd, who is apprehended by the police. Instead Ethan must go to an agricultural school where he will learn to take over his grandparents' farm. Falling into depression, self-pity and bitterness, he grudgingly breaks off his romance with Hannah before leaving for college. Sometime afterwards, an aged Bailey slowly expires at the veterinarian's office after sharing an eleventh-hour teary goodbye with Ethan.

text: Bailey reincarnates into another dog life, a female German Shepherd Police dog named Ellie, sometime in the late 1970s/early 1980s, while possessing full memories and experiences of his past lives. Ellie is partnered with a widowed officer named Carlos from the Chicago Police Department, and works hard at "showing" and "finding", now seeing the job as life's purpose. The two form a close relationship which ends after Ellie jumps into a rushing river and saves a kidnapped girl from drowning, and is then fatally shot during a struggle with the armed kidnapper who was a moment away from killing an unsuspecting Carlos.

text: Reborn again in the mid-1980s as a Pembroke Welsh Corgi, he forms a bond with an Atlanta college student named Maya who names him Tino. Maya is lonely, which Tino, having bonded closely with the girl, realizes, and makes his purpose to find her some happiness. She starts a relationship with another classmate named Al who she begins seeing after Tino falls for Al's dog, a black and white Landseer named Roxie, and allows her to open up to him. Maya and Al marry and have 3 children who all love the Corgi. In love with Roxie (though she does not seem to reciprocate the romance), Tino is permanently heartbroken when one day she does not return from the vet. As he lies dying of old age in the late 1990s, Tino thanks Maya for giving him one of his best lives.

text: Bailey is again reborn and reincarnated, this time, as a St. Bernard-Australian Shepherd mix, sometime during the next decade, only to be taken in by an abusive and neglectful urban couple who name him Waffles. Waffles is eventually dumped in an abandoned lot and reluctantly sets off in search of a new life. Walking past a dog park and remembering how long it had been since he played, Waffles meets a dog and her human who hold a familiar scent to him, though he knows neither of them. He gradually makes his way to the country area where he spent summers as Bailey without even realizing at first where he is headed. He joyfully reunites with his old master Ethan, who is now somewhere in his 50s, living a lonely life and apparently broken in spirit at his Grandparents' old farm, which he now owns and runs. Ethan, of course, initially has no idea who this wandering dog really is and hands him over to the local animal shelter. But he soon has a change of heart and reclaims him, naming him Buddy. Buddy, sensing that he has finally found the true purpose of life that has long evaded him, finds a way to reunite Ethan with a widowed Hannah, and they eventually get married.

text: Buddy finally convinces Ethan that he is his beloved childhood pet by performing some tricks and responding to key phrases that were known only to the two of them all those many, many long years ago. The dog in voiceover tells the viewer that life is about having fun; saving others; not getting caught in the past or regrets; finding someone to be with; and living for today.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Josh Gad as the voice of Toby, Bailey, Ellie, Tino, Waffles and Buddy.
Dennis Quaid as Ethan Montgomery (adult)[8]

KJ Apa as teenage Ethan Montgomery[8]
Bryce Gheisar as eight-year old Ethan Montgomery

Juliet Rylance as Elizabeth Montgomery, Ethan's mother.[8]
Peggy Lipton as Hannah (adult)[8]

Britt Robertson as young Hannah[8]

John Ortiz as Carlos Ruiz
Kirby Howell-Baptiste as Maya
Pooch Hall as Al[9]
Luke Kirby as Jim Montgomery, Ethan's father
Michael Bofshever as Bill, Ethan's grandfather
Gabrielle Rose as Fran, Ethan's grandmother
Logan Miller as Todd, the vindictive classmate

text: Production[edit]

text: In 2015, DreamWorks acquired the film rights for Cameron's novel.[10] On May 8, 2015, it was announced Lasse Hallström would direct the film.[11] On August 5, 2015, Britt Robertson and Dennis Quaid joined the cast.[8] On September 18, 2015, Pooch Hall was cast in the film.[9] On October 15, 2015, Bradley Cooper joined the cast to play the dog's inner voice.[12] He was eventually replaced by Josh Gad.[13] Principal photography began on August 17, 2015.[14]

text: Release[edit]

text: In December 2015, the film switched from a DreamWorks Pictures release to under the Amblin Entertainment banner as per Amblin Partners' newly enacted branded strategy.[15] The film was released by Universal Pictures on January 27, 2017.[16] Universal also distributed it overseas, except for countries where Mister Smith Entertainment handled international sales.

text: Box office[edit]

text: A Dog's Purpose has grossed $64.3 million in the United States and Canada and $136.7 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $201 million, against a production budget of $22 million.[3]

text: In North America was released alongside Resident Evil: The Final Chapter and Gold, and was projected to gross $18–22 million from 3,050 theaters in its opening weekend, slightly lower than initial $27 million tracking had the film debuting to before boycotts against the film were called for.[4] It made $466,000 from Thursday night previews and $5.3 million on its first day. It ended up debuting to $18.2 million, finishing second at the box office behind the second weekend of Universal's own Split.[17] The film dropped 40.6% in its second weekend, grossing $10.8 million and finishing third at the box office.[18]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 30% based on 121 reviews, and an average rating of 4.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A Dog's Purpose offers an awkward blend of sugary sentiment and canine suffering that tugs at animal-loving audiences' heartstrings with shameless abandon."[19] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 43 out of 100, based on 32 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[20] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[21]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A Dog's Purpose was released on digital HD on April 18, 2017, and was followed by a release on Blu-ray and DVD on May 2, 2017, from Universal Studios Home Entertainment.[22][23] The film topped the home video sales chart for the week ending on May 7, 2017.[24]

text: Animal abuse allegations[edit]

text: Initial reaction[edit]

text: On January 18, 2017, a video surfaced on TMZ showing footage taken from the set of the film, which shows a German Shepherd named Hercules being dragged and dipped into rushing water while visibly resisting.[25] After a cut in the video, the next clip shows the dog being submerged in the water at the other end of the tank while a voice on set can be heard shouting "CUT IT!", and various people are then seen rushing towards the dog.[26] The American Humane Association, which ensures that animals are not harmed in entertainment productions, announced that its representative on set had been suspended over the incident, and that the incident is under further investigation.[27][28] PETA called for a boycott of the film.[29] Actor Josh Gad, who voices the dog in the movie, was not on set during the making of the film, but stated that he was "shaken and sad to see any animal put in a situation against its will".[30] Due to the release of the video, Universal Pictures cancelled the film's scheduled January 19 Los Angeles premiere.[31]

text: Director Lasse Hallström stated on Twitter that he "did not witness" the actions in the video, and was "very disturbed" by the footage.[32]

text: Validity of the video[edit]

text: Amblin Entertainment released a statement in regards to the incident, saying that "on the day of the shoot, Hercules did not want to perform the stunt portrayed on the tape so the Amblin production team did not proceed with filming that shot", and that "Hercules is happy and healthy".[33]

text: Dennis Quaid also came out against the TMZ video, stating that the video did not tell the whole story, saying:

text: My experience is that the animals were treated great. There was no animal abuse. That video that someone took and sold for money and held on to for a year and a half until right before the film's coming out, does not tell the whole story. First of all, it's been edited and manipulated. And I think it's a scam, to tell you the truth. What they (the viewers of the video) saw was completely out of context. It was edited...and all of the footage I saw, the dog was going into the water happily and had to be restrained, actually, from going into the water many times during that day.

text: Quaid also said that the video was shot

text: towards the end of the day and I would not say, in real context, that the dog was frightened. The dog was acting like a dog who was kind of tired of taking a bath and was ready to get out. And, in fact, that's what happened. They took the dog out.[34]

text: On February 4, 2017, the American Humane Association reported that an independent third-party animal-cruelty expert had concluded that safety measures on the set of the film were in place and the video had been deliberately edited to mislead the public.[5]

text: The film was released with AHAD approval number 06202.


document_title: One man, one vote

question_text: when did one man one vote start in northern ireland

text: One man, one vote

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: This phrase was traditionally used in the context of demands for suffrage reform. Historically the emphasis within the House of Commons was on representing areas: counties, boroughs and, later on, universities. The entitlement to vote for the Members of Parliament representing the constituencies varied widely, with different qualifications over time, such as owning property of a certain value, holding an apprenticeship, qualifying for paying the local-government rates, or holding a degree from the university in question. Those who qualified for the vote in more than one constituency were entitled to vote in each constituency, while many adults did not qualify for the vote at all. Plural voting was also present in local government, whereby the owners of business property qualified for votes in the relevant wards.

text: Reformers argued that Members of Parliament and other elected officials should represent citizens equally, and that each voter should be entitled to exercise the vote once in an election. Successive Reform Acts by 1950 had both extended the franchise eventually to almost all adult citizens (barring convicts, lunatics and members of the House of Lords), and also reduced and finally eliminated most of the plural voting for both Westminster and local-government elections.

text: But, there were two significant exceptions. The City of London had never expanded its boundaries and, with many residential dwellings being replaced by businesses, and the destruction of The Blitz, after the Second World War the financial district had barely five thousand residents altogether. The system of plural voting was retained for electing the City of London Corporation, with some modifications.

text: Northern Ireland[edit]

text: When Northern Ireland was established in 1921, it adopted the same political system then in place for the Westminster Parliament and British local government. But, the Parliament of Northern Ireland did not follow Westminster in changes to the franchise up to 1950. As a result, into the 1960s, plural voting was still allowed for both Parliament and local government. This meant that in local council elections only ratepayers and their spouses, whether renting or owning the property, could vote while company directors had an extra vote by virtue of their company's status. University representation continued at Stormont to 1969, while it was abolished for Westminster in 1948. Historians and political scholars have debated the extent to which the franchise for local government contributed to Unionist electoral success in controlling councils in Nationalist-majority areas.[8]

text: Based on a number of inequities, the Northern Ireland Civil Rights Association was founded in 1967. It had five primary demands, and added the demand that each citizen in Northern Ireland be afforded the same number of votes for local elections (national elections followed the same eligibility rules as the rest of the UK). The slogan "one man, one vote" became a rallying cry for this campaign.[citation needed] The Parliament of Northern Ireland voted to update the voting rules, which were implemented for the Northern Ireland general election, 1969.

text: United States[edit]

text: Historical background[edit]

text: The United States Constitution requires a decennial census for the purpose of assuring fair apportionment. The census has generally been conducted without incident with the exception of the 1920 Census which was effectively skipped pending resolution by the Reapportionment Act of 1929. Congressional seats have been reapportioned based on population changes between states. State legislatures initially established election of congressional representatives from districts, often based on traditional counties or parishes which preceded founding of the new government. The question arose as to whether the state legislatures were required to ensure that congressional districts were roughly equal in population and to draw new districts to accommodate demographic changes.[2][5]

text: Some states redrew their U.S. House districts every ten years to reflect changes in population patterns; many did not. Some never redrew them, except when it was mandated by a change in the number of seats to which that state was entitled in the House of Representatives. In many states, this led to a skewing of influence for voters in some districts over those in others. For example, if the 2nd congressional district eventually had a population of 1.5 million, but the 3rd had only 500,000, then, in effect — since each district elected the same number of representatives — a voter in the 3rd district had three times the voting "power" of a 2nd-district voter. Alabama's state legislature resisted redistricting from 1910 to 1972 (when forced by federal court order). As a result, rural residents retained a wildly disproportionate amount of power in a time when other areas of the state became urbanized and industrialized, attracting greater populations. Such urban areas were under-represented in the state legislature and underserved; their residents had difficulty getting needed funding for infrastructure and services. They paid far more in taxes to the state than they received in benefits in relation to the population.[6]

text: The Constitution includes the result of the Great Compromise resulting in representation for the US Senate. Each state was equally represented in the Senate with two representatives, without regard to population. The Founding Fathers considered this principle of such importance that they included a clause in the Constitution to prohibit any state from being deprived of equal representation in the Senate without its permission; see Article V of the United States Constitution. For this reason, "one person, one vote" has never been implemented in the U.S. Senate, in terms of representation by states.

text: When states established their legislatures, they often adopted a bicameral model based on colonial governments. Many copied the Senate principle, establishing an upper house based on geography - for instance a state senate with one representative drawn from each county. By the 20th century, this often led to state senators having widely varying amounts of power, with ones from rural areas having votes equal to senators representing much greater urban populations.

text: Activism in the Civil Rights Movement to regain the ability of African Americans in the South to register and vote highlighted other voting inequities across the country. Numerous court challenges were raised, including in Alabama due to the lack of reapportionment, for decades.

text: Court cases[edit]

text: In Colegrove v. Green, 328 U.S. 549 (1946) the United States Supreme Court held in a 4-3 plurality decision that Article I, Section 4 left to the legislature of each state the authority to establish the time, place, and manner of holding elections for representatives.

text: However, in Baker v. Carr, 369 U.S. 186 (1962) the United States Supreme Court overturned the previous decision in Colegrove holding that malapportionment claims under the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment were not exempt from judicial review under Article IV, Section 4, as the equal protection issue in this case was separate from any political questions.[2]

text: The "one person, one vote" doctrine, which requires electoral districts to be apportioned according to population, thus making each district roughly equal in population, was further cemented in the cases that followed Baker v. Carr, including Gray v. Sanders, 372 U.S. 368 (1963) which concerned state county districts, Reynolds v. Sims, 377 U.S. 533 (1964) which concerned state legislature districts, Wesberry v. Sanders, 376 U.S. 1 (1964) which concerned U.S. Congressional districts and Avery v. Midland County, 390 U.S. 474 (1968) which concerned local government districts, a decision which was upheld in Board of Estimate of City of New York v. Morris, 489 U.S. 688 (1989).[9] Evenwel v. Abbott (2016) said states may use total population in drawing districts.

text: Other uses[edit]

text:
In Alaska, when an initiative for instant runoff voting (IRV) was put on the ballot in 2002, League of Women Voters President Cheryl Jebe said, "It appears to compromise the well-established principle of one person, one vote, established by the United States Supreme Court."[10]
But, in 1975, a Michigan court ruling declared that "majority preferential voting," as IRV was then known, did not violate the one-man, one-vote rule:[11]

text: Under the 'M.P.V. System', however, no one person or voter has more than one effective vote for one office. No voter's vote can be counted more than once for the same candidate. In the final analysis, no voter is given greater weight in his or her vote over the vote of another voter, although to understand this does require a conceptual understanding of how the effect of a 'M.P.V. System' is like that of a run-off election. The form of majority preferential voting employed in the City of Ann Arbor's election of its Mayor does not violate the one-man, one-vote mandate nor does it deprive anyone of equal protection rights under the Michigan or United States Constitutions.

text: The courts have found that special-purpose districts must also follow the one person, one vote rule.[12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]

text: One man, one vote, once[edit]

text: The term "One man, one vote, once" has been applied to Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), Zambia, and Angola, where elections were successfully held that were relatively free of corruption and violence, but then a strongman took hold and free voting ended.[21][22]


document_title: The Italian Job

question_text: where is the opening scene of the italian job

text: The Italian Job

text: Plot[edit]

text: Charlie Croker is released from prison with the intention of doing a "big job" in Italy. He soon meets with the widow of his friend and fellow thief Roger Beckermann, who was killed by the Mafia while driving a Lamborghini Miura in the Italian Alps. Mrs Beckermann gives Croker her husband's plans for the robbery that attracted the hostile attention of his killers, which detail a way to steal $4 million in the city of Turin and escape to Switzerland.

text: Croker breaks back into his former prison to convince powerful crime lord Mr. Bridger to finance the plan. Bridger, who has bribed almost all of the prison guards to work for him, initially rejects the plan, but changes his mind after he learns Fiat is set to build a new factory in China.

text: With Bridger's backing, Croker recruits computer expert Professor Peach, his girlfriend Lorna and a team of thieves and drivers. The plan calls for Peach to replace the programme in the computer controlling Turin's traffic control system, creating a paralysing traffic jam that will allow the thieves to escape with the gold in three Mini Cooper S getaway cars.[9]

text: After planning and training, Croker and crew set out for Turin. Mafia boss Altabani and his underlings are waiting in the Alps at the same pass where they killed Beckermann. Altabani warns Croker that the Mafia are aware of the gang's intentions and smashes their Jaguar E-Type cars, sending Croker's personal Aston Martin DB4 drophead off a cliff. Just as Altabani is about to give the order to shoot the gang, Croker tells him that Mr. Bridger will avenge their deaths by attacking the Italian community in Britain. Altabani lets them go, ordering them to return to England. Instead, they proceed with the plan, replacing the traffic control system's magnetic tape data storage reels. On the day of the robbery, Croker sends gang member Birkinshaw, disguised as a football fan, to jam the closed circuit television cameras that monitor traffic. The substitute data reel then causes widespread traffic chaos. The gang converge on the gold convoy, overpower the guards, and tow the armoured car into the entrance hall of the Museo Egizio. There, the gang transfer the gold to the Minis.

text: Altabani recognises that "If they planned this jam, they must have planned a way out." Pursued by the Turin police, the three Minis race through the shopping arcades of the city, speed down stairs, jump between rooftops, and finally escape the traffic jams by a pre-planned route across a weir. The getaway is timed perfectly, and they throw off the police by driving through a large sewer pipe. As Mr. Bridger receives the cheers and adulation of his fellow prison inmates, the gang drive the Minis into the back of a moving customised coach. They then unload the gold and dispose of the Minis by pushing them off the mountainside.

text: The rest of the gang, having sneaked out of the city in a minibus while disguised as football supporters, rendezvous with the coach in the Alps. On the looping mountain roads, driver "Big" William loses control of the coach. The back of the bus is left teetering over a cliff and the gold slides towards the rear doors. As Croker attempts to reach the gold, it slips further. The film finishes on a literal cliffhanger with Croker announcing:  "Hang on a minute lads, I've got a great idea".[10]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Michael Caine as Charlie Croker
Noël Coward as Mr. Bridger
Benny Hill as Professor Simon Peach
Raf Vallone as Altabani
Tony Beckley as Camp Freddie
Rossano Brazzi as Roger Beckermann
Maggie Blye as Lorna
Irene Handl as Miss Peach
John Le Mesurier as the Prison Governor
Fred Emney as Birkinshaw
John Clive as Garage manager
Graham Payn as Keats
Michael Standing as Arthur
Stanley Caine as Coco
Barry Cox as Chris
Harry Baird as Big William
George Innes as Bill Bailey
John Forgeham as Frank
Robert Powell as Yellow

Derek Ware as Rozzer
Frank Jarvis as Roger
David Salamone as Dominic
Richard Essame as Tony
Mario Valgoi as Manzo
Renato Romano(in Italian) as Cosca
Franco Norvelli as Altabani's driver
Robert Rietti as Police chief
Timothy Bateson as Dentist
David Kelly as Vicar
Arnold Diamond as Senior computer room official
Simon Dee as Shirtmaker
Alistair Hunter as Warder (cinema)
Lana Gatto as Mrs. Cosca
John Morris as Standin
Louis Mansi as Computer room official
Henry McGee as Tailor
Lelia Goldoni as Mrs Beckermann
Valerie Leon as Hotel Receptionist

text: Noël Coward, who played Bridger, was godfather of the director, Peter Collinson. Bridger's fellow convict and confidant, Keats, was played by Graham Payn, Coward's long-time partner. Lana Gatto was the nom de crédit of Hazel Collinson, otherwise known as Mrs. Peter Collinson. Michael Caine's brother Stanley Caine also appears as one of Croker's gang. The gang also included Robert Powell, in his first film role. Frank Kelly appears as an uncredited prison officer, also in his first film role. American distributors Paramount wanted Robert Redford to play the lead.

text: Ending[edit]

text: According to a "Making Of" documentary,[11] producer Deeley was unsatisfied with the four written endings and conceived the current ending as a literal cliffhanger appropriate to an action film which left an opportunity for a sequel. The documentary describes how helicopters would save the bus seen on the cliff at the end of the first film. The grateful gang would soon discover that it is the Mafia that has saved them, and the sequel would have been about stealing the gold bullion back from them.

text: In interviews in 2003 and 2008, Michael Caine revealed that the ending would have had Croker "crawl up, switch on the engine and stay there for four hours until all the petrol runs out... The van bounces back up so we can all get out, but then the gold goes over."[12] The bus containing the gold would crash at the bottom of the hill where the Mafia would pick it up. The sequel would then have Croker and his men trying to get it back.

text: In 2008, the Royal Society of Chemistry held a competition for a solution that had a basis in science, was to take not more than 30 minutes and did not use a helicopter.[13] The idea was to promote greater understanding of science, and to highlight the 100th anniversary of the periodic table, on which gold is one of the 118 elements.[12] The winning entry, by John Godwin of Surrey, was: Break and remove two large side windows just aft of the pivot point and let the glass fall outside to lose its weight; break two windows over the two front axles, keeping the broken glass on board to keep its weight for balance; let a man out on a rope through the front broken windows (not to rest his weight on the ground) who deflates all the bus's front tyres, to reduce the bus's rocking movement about its pivot point; drain the fuel tank, which is aft of the pivot point, which changes the balance enough to let a man get out and gather heavy rocks to load the front of the bus. Unload the bus. Wait until a suitable vehicle passes on the road, hijack it, and carry the gold away in it.[14] MIT physicist Mike Follows claims to have come up with a more practical ending.[15]

text: Locations[edit]

text: The opening sequence of the film featuring Beckermann driving his Lamborghini Miura through The Alps was filmed on the Great St Bernard Pass, Aosta, Italy, with the opening scene featuring the Dardanelli Viaduct, which was constructed in 1961. The large house featured momentarily during the sequence is the Maison de Refuge.

text: The tunnel in which Beckermann abruptly meets his demise at the hands of the Mafia was shot at La Thuile on road SS26, Italy.

text: The interior of the prison that held Bridger was Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin, Ireland. The exterior, seen when Croker leaves, is HM Prison Wormwood Scrubs in west London.

text: Upon his release, Croker stays at the Royal Lancaster Hotel in Bayswater, London. Denbigh Close, Notting Hill, W11, was used as the location for Croker's (Michael Caine) home.[16]

text: The highrise apartment where the Turin job is planned was the penthouse flat at Alembic House (now known as Peninsula Heights) on the Albert Embankment. The property was later seen in films such as Theatre of Blood (1973), A Touch of Class (1973), and Sweeney! (1977). It became the London home of novelist Jeffrey Archer.[citation needed]

text: The training sessions shown for the Mini drivers were at the Crystal Palace race track in Upper Norwood, South London. The attempt to blow the doors off the bullion van, which led to its destruction and Croker's famous line, took place at Crystal Palace Sports Centre. The Crystal Palace transmitter can be seen in the background.

text: The meeting at the misty funeral was filmed in Cruagh Cemetery, in the foothills of the Dublin Mountains.

text: The office block that doubled as the Turin traffic control centre was Apex House, the Hanworth, Middlesex head office of the television rental chain DER.[11]

text: The chase sequences were filmed in Turin, except for the chase through the sewer tunnel, which was shot in the Sowe Valley Sewer Duplication system in the Stoke Aldermoor district of Coventry in the English Midlands, filmed from the back of a Mini Moke.[11] The person on the far side who closes the gate at the end of sewer tunnel is the director, Peter Collinson. Collinson also appeared in the scene on the highway when the ramps get jettisoned, clinging to the right-hand rear door of the coach as the Minis enter at speed.[11]

text: During the getaway the Minis are pursued by police around the rooftop test track of what was then a Fiat factory in the Lingotto building in Turin. The weir the Minis cross in the car chase is just down river from the Ponte Vittorio Emanuele I at the end of Via Po in central Turin.

text: A portion of the car chase was filmed as a dance between the Minis and police cars inside Pier Luigi Nervi's Exhibition Building, with a full orchestra playing "The Blue Danube".[11] It was cut from the final version and appears as an extra on the DVD.

text: The final escape from Turin was filmed on the road to Ceresole Reale via Lago Agnel and Colle del Nivolet (the highway does not lead to France or Switzerland because it is a dead end). The bus was left hanging off this corner[17] in the climatic ending.

text: Vehicles[edit]

text: Roger Beckermann's orange Lamborghini Miura in the opening scene is actually two cars. The first was a Miura P400 that was sold as new afterwards. In 2015 it was found and verified, and now belongs to Cheshire Classic Cars.[18] The car tumbled down the chasm by the Mafia bulldozer was another Miura that had been in a serious accident and was not roadworthy.

text: According to the director's commentary on the DVD, despite the publicity the film would give to the Mini, the car's maker, BMC, only provided a token fleet of Minis and the production company had to buy the rest at trade price. Fiat offered the production as many super-charged Fiat cars as they needed, several sports cars for the Mafia confrontation scene, plus $50,000, but the producers turned down the offer because it would have meant replacing the Minis with Fiats.

text: The Minis seen on screen carry registration numbers HMP 729G (Red), GPF 146G (White) and LGW 809G (Blue). As at July 2012, a DVLA query indicates that two of these plates may still be registered; these, however, are not the cars used in the film as the film cars had "future dated" plates to make them current with the release date of the film, and as such would not be road legal. There were also numerous detail differences between the Minis used during filming and the launch of the "G" year suffix. According to the "making of" DVD extra, the Minis used in the chase scenes were all destroyed in accidents while filming the sewer sequence.

text: As Croker walks through the garage where the Minis are being prepared, viewers hear that "Rozzer's having trouble with his differential", and the back of the red Mini Cooper is jacked up where Rozzer is working. This is an inside joke since the Mini has front-wheel drive and does not have a rear differential. In the early 1960s, front-wheel-drive cars were new and asking a car mechanic to repair a Mini's rear differential was a popular snipe hunt.

text: Gold cost $38.69 per troy ounce in 1968,[19] so four million dollars in gold bars would have weighed about 3200 kg (7000 lb), requiring each of the three Minis to carry about 1070 kg (2300 lb) in addition to the driver and passenger. Since a 1968 Mini only weighs 630 kg (1400 lb),[20] each of these vehicles would have had to carry 1½ times its own weight in gold.

text: The coach at the end of the film was a 1964 Bedford VAL with Harrington Legionnaire Body, distinctive for its twin front steering axles. The most famous coach ever? ALR 453B which was delivered new to Battens coaches of London, then eventually into the hands of the production team and it was converted especially for the film. After its epic use in the film ALR did go back to being a coach and was scrapped about 1990 after being in service with several operators, mainly in the Scotland area. The coach had to be reinforced behind the driver's seat so that when the Coopers came into the back they didn't crush the driver. Even though plating had been secured, the driver's seat was still pushed forward several inches, enough for the driver to be touching the steering wheel with his stomach.

text: When the Legionnaire was on its way to Turin, it has London-Turin on the destination display above the windscreen; on the way back it had been changed to Turin-London. It also proudly displayed 'Charlie Croker's Coach Tours' logos on the rear and both flanks. Following the filming, the coach had its improvised rear doors welded and was used on a Scottish school bus route until the mid-1980s when, according to the Legionnaire register, it was scrapped. However, it can be found on the roadside at New Invention, Willenhall, West Midlands.

text: Charlie Croker picks up his Aston Martin DB4 convertible from a garage after release from prison. The scene was mostly improvised, which caused visible lighting irregularities since the crew did not know where the actors would be. The location of the underground carpark and lift is now part of Park Lane BMW, London.

text: The original DB4 belongs today to a private English collection. According to several sources, the "Aston" pushed off the cliff was a Vignale Lancia Flaminia mocked up as an Aston. The two E-type Jaguars that suffered from the Mafia's revenge were restored to original condition, the red one of which is owned by Phillip Porter, the founder of the Jaguar E-type owners club.

text: The black Fiat Dino coupé of Mafia boss Altabani was bought by Peter Collinson but became so rusty that only its doors remain. The Italian police cars seen around Turin were Alfa Romeo Giulias. The Italian police armoured car which escorts the gold convoy is a conversion of a former Second World War American M8 Greyhound armoured car. The original 37mm gun was removed and replaced with a water cannon.

text: A Land Rover Series IIa Station Wagon, registration BKO 686C, was used to get to the convoy before attacking and was modified with window bars and a towbar.

text: A Ford Thames 400E van was used for the football fans' decorated van; this was referred to as the Dormobile, the name of a common camper-van conversion coachbuilder.

text: The cross-Channel ferry featured in one scene is the MS Free Enterprise I. The ship spent many years as a day cruise ship in Greek waters before being scrapped in 2013.

text: The "Chinese" plane delivering the gold to Turin is a rare Douglas C-74 Globemaster, of which only 14 were built and only four passed into private ownership. It had been abandoned in Milan by its owners and was moved to Turin for filming. It was destroyed by fire in 1970.[21]

text: Music[edit]

text:
Matt Monro – On Days Like These excerpt

An excerpt from Matt Monro's On Days Like These
Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: The music for the soundtrack was written by Quincy Jones. The opening theme, "On Days Like These", had lyrics by Don Black and was sung by Matt Monro. The closing theme, "Get a Bloomin' Move On" (AKA "The Self Preservation Society"), was performed by the cast and had lyrics featuring Cockney Rhyming Slang. Many incidental themes are based on British patriotic songs, such as "Rule, Britannia!", "The British Grenadiers" and "God Save the Queen".

text: Release[edit]

text: The film opened at the Plaza Cinema in London on 5th June 1969.[1]

text: Reception and legacy[edit]

text: The film has received generally positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 85% and an average rating of 7.3/10, based on 26 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Italian Job is a wildly fun romp that epitomizes the height of Britannia style."[22] Most positive reviews focus on the climactic car chase and the acting of both Michael Caine and Noël Coward, complimenting Peter Collinson's directing. It is considered highly evocative of 1960s London and the era in Britain as a whole.[23] In a modern review Nik Higgins of Future Movies claims that the film makes Austin Powers's wardrobe appear 'drab and grey'. He compliments Michael Caine's ability to effectively portray the character of Charlie [24] and also praises the music of Quincy Jones. Higgins particularly highlights how the music 'hops between smooth lounges' like the opener "On Days Like These" and the latter "Get a Bloomin' Move On" ('The Self Preservation Society'), which plays near the film's end.

text: It has also received some negative reviews, focusing on what is perceived as a predictable chase[25] and a lack of real emotion.[26] Vincent Canby, writing at the time of the film's release, felt that the caper film had been made before and much better as well. He complimented the film's technological sophistication, only criticising what he saw as an 'emotionally retarded' plot. Canby also expressed concern that Coward's appearance in the film, although intended to be kind, 'exploits him in vaguely unpleasant ways' by surrounding his character with images of the royal family, which had not knighted him at the time. A contemporary review in Time magazine felt that the film spent too much time focusing on the film's caper as opposed to building the characters; it also criticised the car chases as 'dull and deafening'.[27]

text: Although it received a Golden Globe nomination for "Best English-Language Foreign Film", the film was not a success in America. Caine blamed its failure on unattractive and misleading advertising.[28] As a result, plans for a sequel were shelved.

text: The movie was the 14th most popular at the UK box office in 1969.[29]

text: The film remains popular, however, and is considered one of the greatest British films in modern polls.[30] James Travers of Films de France believes that the film's enduring appeal rests in the 'improbable union' of Michael Caine, Noël Coward and Benny Hill, whom he considers "three of the best known [British] performers... in the late 1960s". He states that the film has a cult status and stands as a 'classic of its genre'.[23]

text: A novelisation of the film, written by Troy Kennedy Martin and Ken Wlaschin, was published by Sphere Books in 1969. The book contains numerous differences to the film: for example there is a rival group of German gangsters called the Hamburg Syndicate who try to obtain Beckerman's plans for the robbery, Croker and the three minis travel to Italy by yacht, and Professor Peach is rescued by the gang after he is arrested. The ending of the novel is also significantly different. The bus successfully crosses the border into Switzerland and two days later the gang and the gold arrive on a beach near Dover in a landing craft where they are met by Mr. Bridger and Luigi Altabani. Mr. Bridger tells Charlie Croker that they have come to an agreement to "divide Europe" and that the gold must be given back to the Italians.

text: Since 2000, there have been two remakes of the film. The first was released in 2003 and also called The Italian Job, set in Los Angeles and starring Mark Wahlberg as Charlie Croker. It features Donald Sutherland as John Bridger, played as more of a father figure to Croker. It employs the updated Mini Cooper for a chase towards the end. An official Bollywood remake of the 2003 film, called Players, was released in 2012.[31]

text: There is a video game based on the 1969 film, released for the PlayStation game console in 2001 and Microsoft Windows in 2002 and published by Rockstar Games.

text: Michael Caine's performance and 'bloody doors' line has been parodied in several British comedies, and in a music video for Pick a Part That's New by Stereophonics.

text: Large portions of the car chase scenes were lifted directly from the film for use in the MacGyver episode "Thief of Budapest" (Series 1, Ep 3) with the main characters setting up the story with three Minis visible at the start of the episode. Most of the end of the episode is footage from The Italian Job.[32]

text: The film was also the subject of a play, Bill Shakespeare's "The Italian Job", written by Malachi Bogdanov, who used lines from Shakespeare plays to tell the story. It was performed in 2003 at the Edinburgh Fringe Festival.[33]

text: As part of a celebration of British culture at 2012 Summer Olympics, which were held in Great Britain, a replica of the bus was made and was exhibited balanced on the edge of the roof of The De La Warr Pavilion in Bexhill-on-Sea.[34] The famous dialogue and car blowing up scene were shown at the closing ceremony.[35]

text: In September 2016, NBC and Paramount Television began work on a TV series inspired by the original and the remake.[36]


document_title: SEAL Team (TV series)

question_text: what is the last episode of seal team

question_tokens: what is the last episode of seal team

text: SEAL Team (TV series)

text: Overview[edit]

text: The series follows Bravo Team, a sub-unit of the United States Naval Special Warfare Development Group,[7][8][9] the most elite unit of Navy SEALs, as they plan and undertake dangerous missions worldwide with little notice, and the burden on them and their families.

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Viewers
(millions)
Viewers
rank
18–49
rating/share
18–49
rank

1
22
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
May 16, 2018 (2018-05-16)
9.87
28
1.7
44[10]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
David Boreanaz as Master Chief Special Warfare OperatorA Jason Hayes, leader of a Navy SEAL team (Bravo Team) dealing with the recent loss of one of their own.[11] In the series pilot, Jason is referred to as a Senior Chief, but in "Collapse", he calls himself an "E-9" Master Chief.
Max Thieriot as Special Warfare Operator Clay Spenser, a second-generation Navy SEAL in training for Tier One status who is questioned as to his readiness for combat.[11] He becomes a member of Bravo Team at the end of "The Exchange"
Jessica Paré as Officer Amanda "Mandy" Ellis,[11] Bravo Team's CIA liaison.
Neil Brown Jr. as Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator Raymond "Ray" Perry, Jason's most trusted friend and the longest tenured member of the team.[11]
A. J. Buckley as Special Warfare Operator Sonny Quinn, a loyal but sometimes volatile SEAL who is at his best in firefights and prefers them over a leadership position.[11]
Toni Trucks as Logistics Specialist First Class Lisa Davis[11]

text: A(Enlisted SEALs have Special Warfare Operator specific ratings. See US Navy SEAL ratings.)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Judd Lormand as Lieutenant Commander Eric Blackburn, the Bravo Team commanding officer.
Tyler Grey as Special Warfare Operator Trent, a member of Bravo Team.
Justin Melnick as Special Warfare Operator Brock Reynolds, a member of Bravo Team and handler of the team's dog, Cerberus.
Alona Tal as Stella, Clay's grad student girlfriend.
Michaela McManus as Alana Hayes, Jason's estranged wife.
Kerri Medders as Emma Hayes, Jason and Alana's daughter.
Parisa Fakhri as Naima Perry, Ray's kurdish wife.
Steve Howey as Danny Cooper, a former member of SEAL Team 4 and Sonny's ex-teammate, medically retired after a bomb-related injury.
Michael Irby as Master Chief Special Warfare Operator Adam Siever, the Green Team SEAL trainer.
Sharif Atkins as Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator Beau Fuller, the leader of Charlie Team. He and Jason came up the ranks together and have a longtime rivalry.
C. Thomas Howell as former Senior Chief Special Warfare Operator Ash Spenser, a writer, retired Navy SEAL, and father of Clay Spenser.
Daniel Briggs as Special Warfare Operator Derek Young, a member of Bravo Team.
Darren Pettie as Paul Mulwray, a reporter in Afghanistan and son of the Secretary of Defense.
Dawn Olivieri as Amy Nelson, a private security specialist working on the Afghanistan base.
Jonathan Cake as Alan Cutter, the CEO of Xeon Tactical Security, a Private Security firm working on the Afghanistan base and Amy Nelson's boss.
David DeSantos as Tim Belding, Mandy's CIA boss in Afghanistan.
Marsha Thomason as Sergeant Vanessa Ryan.
Atif Hashwi as Azim
Dita The Hair Missile as Cerberus
Alexa Mansour as Dorri

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"Tip of the Spear"
Christopher Chulack
Benjamin Cavell
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
ST101
9.88[12]

Senior chief petty officer Jason Hayes is the leader of a Navy SEAL team who is coping with the recent loss of a member of his team. The team is tasked with capturing a high level ISIS leader.

2
"Other Lives"
Christopher Chulack
Benjamin Cavell
October 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)
ST102
8.39[13]

On a mission to destroy chemical weapons, Jason and the team find innocent civilians in need of rescue just as enemy forces close in on them; the team debates whether to tell Ray that his wife has gone into labor.

3
"Boarding Party"
Christopher Chulack
Spencer Hudnut
October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)
ST103
8.02[14]

The team must rescue researchers being held hostage on a ship in the South China Sea; Clay's low ranking jeopardizes his future as a SEAL; Jason investigates a woman connected to his dead teammate's phone.

4
"Ghosts of Christmas Future"
Larry Teng
Benjamin Cavell & Daniele Nathanson
October 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)
ST104
7.11[15]

Jason and the SEAL Team refuse to abort their mission to capture a dangerous war criminal after it goes sideways. Also, Clay's controversial father, Ash Spenser (C. Thomas Howell), comes to town on his book tour. The mystery about the woman has a new revelation.

5
"Collapse"
Ian Toynton
Becky Mode
October 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)
ST105
6.92[16]

Jason and the SEAL team must navigate the contentious evacuation of an embassy in South Sudan when the country becomes increasingly unstable. Meanwhile, Clay and Stella take their relationship to the next level.

6
"The Spinning Wheel"
Melanie Mayron
Joseph Sawyer & Julian Silver & Reiss Clausen-Wolf & Beth Schacter
November 8, 2017 (2017-11-08)
ST106
6.22[17]

The team must work with Jason’s longtime rival to plan a raid, under the watchful eye of top military brass. Meanwhile, Clay delivers solemn news to a teammate’s next of kin.

7
"Borderlines"
Félix Alcalá
Corinne Marrinan
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
ST107
7.24[18]

Jason and the SEAL Team must rescue an undercover CIA operative after she is captured by radical terrorists to be used as a bargaining chip. Also, Clay undergoes the final harrowing exercise for his candidacy into Tier One.

8
"The Exchange"
John Dahl
Sabrina Almeida & Spencer Hudnut
November 22, 2017 (2017-11-22)
ST108
6.94[19]

Jason and the SEAL Team have mixed feelings when they are tasked with bringing home an American soldier who was captured after deserting, in exchange for detainees in Gitmo.

9
"Rolling Dark"
Michael Watkins
Daniele Nathanson & Brian Horiuchi
December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)
ST109
6.90[20]

Jason and the SEAL team must rescue a Russian scientist and his wife and bring them across the Afghanistan border to safety as Chinese troops and Russian Special Forces close in, intent on stopping them. Also, Clay endures his first day with Jason's unit.

10
"Pattern of Life"
Christopher Chulack
Corinne Marrinan
January 3, 2018 (2018-01-03)
ST110
5.86[21]

Tensions are high when Jason and the SEAL Team enter a Yemeni house to locate a cell phone linked to a terrorist network, and interrogate the family while the daughter lays in critical condition after being accidentally shot.

11
"Containment"
Andy Wolk
Beth Schacter
January 10, 2018 (2018-01-10)
ST111
6.17[22]

Jason and the SEAL team are sent to intercept the sale of nuclear waste intended for the manufacture of a dirty bomb, but the mission goes sideways when instead they find that the "waste" is actually nuclear weapons with unstable warheads and they must make the treacherous journey back to base. Also, Ray is sidelined with a shoulder injury, and Jason and Alana are shocked by their kids' reactions when the topic of their reunion is brought up.

12
"The Upside Down"
J. Michael Muro
Spencer Hudnut & John Bellucci
January 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)
ST112
6.67[23]

While on a mission to retrieve a downed USAF drone in the middle of the last Daesh-controlled zone in Iraq, the Team disobey orders so they can save Clay, who is trapped beneath a room full of armed terrorists. Also, Clay and Stella struggle with his imminent deployment, Jason and Alana keep footing around a reconciliation and Lisa navigates her brand-new relationship with Danny Cooper.

13
"Getaway Day"
Christopher Chulack
Benjamin Cavell & Ed Redlich & John Bellucci
January 31, 2018 (2018-01-31)
ST113
6.65[24]

After Team Echo is killed in an ambush, Team Bravo's deployment is moved forward and they must depart in 18 hours. Alana decides she and Jason should divorce, since she can't share him with the team anymore, while Clay and Stella decide to forget his rushed marriage proposal and continue like before. Upon deployment in Jalalabad, they struggle to find a lead to avenge their fellow SEALs.

14
"Call Out"
Christopher Chulack
Beth Schacter
February 28, 2018 (2018-02-28)
ST114
4.97[25]

Bravo Team goes into a mission in a hostile neighborhood of Jalalabad to capture Tariq's lover Assim, and narrowly escape an ambush. Afterwards, they are sent to capture the builder of the bomb that killed Team Echo but are forced to shoot him. Mandy finds out Tariq was blackmailed into betraying Echo for his relationship with Assim, who gives them a lead about a man in a red Mercedes, that a journalist on base identifies as an Afghan Police Province Commander, Salim Hakan. Meanwhile, Jason struggles with Alana's decision to ask for divorce.

15
"No Man's Land"
Ian Toynton
John Bellucci & Corinne Marrinan
March 7, 2018 (2018-03-07)
ST115
6.07[26]

After discovering Team Echo was killed because they burned a heroin farm, Team Bravo pays a visit to the farm and find more than 10 million dollars hidden underground. According to the farmer, some men take money out of it regularly. They capture a 15 years-old boy, who claims he just heard about the money, and wanted some for his family. They follow him, and discover he's really a girl, Dorri, that works as messenger for the Taliban to be able to care of her younger brother. She helps them set up a trap, but their objective is killed as a traitor. Mandy identifies the men as Al-Quaeda mercenaries, and wonder who's the farm owner. Dorri offers to keep helping them in exchange for tickets to the USA. Meanwhile, Jason meets Amy, a private security specialist working on the base.

16
"Never Get Out of the Boat"
J. Michael Muro
Spencer Hudnut & Mark Semos
March 21, 2018 (2018-03-21)
ST116
6.36[27]

Team Bravo captures a chemist that tells them the farm owner is Ghani, one of the biggest drug traffickers in the world. They send Dorri alongside Clay and Ray for a visual confirmation of Ghani's bodyguard, and follow him to Ghani, but the CIA puts the brakes on the mission because Ghani is a snitch for the DEA. Mandy uses reporter Paul Mulwray's contacts to get the mission back on track in exchange for an interview with Jason. They get their objective though Sonny is wounded during the mission. During the celebration, Mandy reveals that Ghani sold the farm after the burning, which makes Jason seek out Amy for comfort.

17
"In Name Only"
John Dahl
Brian Horiuchi & Sabrina Almeida
March 28, 2018 (2018-03-28)
ST117
6.48[28]

Mandy asks her CIA boss permission to pursue Salim Hakan. They learn that the burned farm was bought by KSR holdings, owned by Hakan's first wife, Permaz Hakan, who's been missing for years. They locate her father, who tells them that she ran to Masari, an human trafficker, to flee Hakan. They decide to go after Masari to hide the fact they want Permaz. But the United States Department of Defense wants it to be a joint mission with the Afghan Special Forces. They attack Masari's compound, killing Masari and freeing the women and children. Hakan's mole on the Afghan team tries to run away with Permaz, but he's killed. Mandy convinces Permaz to talk to her, but it's not enough to green light the mission. Jason learns from reporter Paul Mulray that the economic interest in Afghanistan is on mining. Mandy reunites with Salim to get him to talk, making it clear they know he's playing both sides. Hakan threatens her, but she has Bravo Team backing her up.

18
"Credible Threat"
Ruben Garcia
Valerie Armstrong & Josef Sawyer
April 11, 2018 (2018-04-11)
ST118
6.24[29]

Jason and the SEAL Team are tasked with protecting a delegation of congressmen and Department of Defense officials who come to Jalalabad for a publicity tour even though a credible threat has been made against them. During their protection detail, the SEALs learn that Hakan was the intended target for assassination, and successfully kill the sniper responsible for the shooting. Meanwhile, Jason learns that Xeon Tactical Security CEO Alan Cutter may have an economical motivation for killing Echo Team.

19
"Takedown"
Holly Dale
Julian Silver & Reiss Clauson-Wolf & Beth Schacter
April 25, 2018 (2018-04-25)
ST119
6.26[30]

While Mandy and the SEAL team search for leads on the sniper’s employers, Ray has to deal with the fallout of an accidental fragmentation grenade kill that was made when pursuing the sniper. Ray ultimately discloses his shoulder injury to the U.S. Army's Criminal Investigation Division. Mandy is later contacted by warlord Abad Halani for a face-to-face meeting.

20
"Enemy of My Enemy"
Larry Teng
John Bellucci & Corinne Marrinan
May 2, 2018 (2018-05-02)
ST120
5.89[31]

Mandy learns from Abad that his brother, Nouri, ordered the deaths of Echo Team, and gives details of Nouri’s whereabouts in order to facilitate an assassination mission. Shortly after an aborted Predator drone airstrike, the SEALs are forced to commit a raid at dawn, and successfully capture Nouri. However, complications arise during extraction when a transport helicopter carrying Jason, Spenser, and Nouri is shot down by a surface-to-air missile.

21
"The Graveyard of Empires"
David Boreanaz
Ed Redlich & Spencer Hudnut
May 9, 2018 (2018-05-09)
ST121
6.15[32]

Jason’s group is forced to take shelter in a farmhouse while waiting for assistance by Ray’s team. During the chaos, Jason suffers from hallucinations caused by a concussion he sustained from the helicopter crash, and comes to the conclusion that Abad was Cutter’s business partner.

22
"The Cost of Doing Business"
Larry Teng
Benjamin Cavell
May 16, 2018 (2018-05-16)
ST122
6.14[33]

Jason lies on his medical evaluation in order to pursue Nouri and later hears Ray's confession about his shoulder. During a night-time raid in the Pakistani mountains, the SEALs attempt to infiltrate a bunker stronghold during the middle of a firefight between Abad and Nouri's men, and learn that Abad had rigged the bunker to explode upon being breached. The SEALs use Nouri's men to detonate the trap in the following morning, and unsuccessfully attempt to capture Abad, killing him. Fearing for Xeon Security operative Amy Nelson's safety, Jason has her leave the base in order to avoid potential retaliation by Cutter. With the aid of Davis and Mandy, Jason finds a buried external harddrive hidden by Echo Team leader Steve Porter containing evidence of Xeon's mining operations. Shortly after confronting Cutter with his findings, Jason contemplates assassinating him, but Mandy intervenes and stops him. Instead, Mandy gives the recovered evidence to Mulray, in exchange for him to drop his story on Ray’s accidental killing. Upon the team's return trip home, Mulray's report leads to Cutter being arrested by the FBI; Spenser reunites with Stella; Ray is reassigned to teach at the Navy SEAL school in order to medically recover; Davis visits a hospitalized Danny with Sonny; and Jason suffers from another hallucination while on a lunch outing with Mandy.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Tip of the Spear"
September 27, 2017
1.5/6
9.88[12]
1.0
4.37
2.5
14.25[34]

2
"Other Lives"
October 4, 2017
1.2/5
8.39[13]
0.8
3.53
2.0
11.92[35]

3
"Boarding Party"
October 11, 2017
1.2/5
8.02[14]
0.8
3.36
2.0
11.38[36]

4
"Ghosts of Christmas Future"
October 18, 2017
1.1/4
7.11[15]
0.7
3.50
1.8
10.62[37]

5
"Collapse"
October 25, 2017
1.0/4
6.92[16]
0.7
3.23
1.7
10.15[38]

6
"The Spinning Wheel"
November 8, 2017
0.9/3
6.22[17]
0.7
3.24
1.6
9.46[39]

7
"Borderlines"
November 15, 2017
1.1/4
7.24[18]
0.8
3.32
1.9
10.56[40]

8
"The Exchange"
November 22, 2017
1.1/4
6.94[19]
0.7
3.25
1.8
10.20[41]

9
"Rolling Dark"
December 6, 2017
1.1/4
6.90[20]
0.7
3.05
1.8
9.95[42]

10
"Pattern of Life"
January 3, 2018
0.9/3
5.86[21]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

11
"Containment"
January 10, 2018
0.9/3
6.17[22]
0.9
3.91
1.8
10.08[43]

12
"The Upside Down"
January 17, 2018
1.1/4
6.67[23]
0.8
3.58
1.9
10.25[44]

13
"Getaway Day"
January 31, 2018
1.0/4
6.65[24]
0.8
3.41
1.8
10.06[45]

14
"Call Out"
February 28, 2018
0.8/3
4.97[25]
0.9
4.19
1.7
9.16[46]

15
"No Man's Land"
March 7, 2018
0.9/3
6.07[26]
0.8
3.68
1.7
9.77[47]

16
"Never Get Out of the Boat"
March 21, 2018
1.0/4
6.36[27]
0.8
3.67
1.8
10.03[48]

17
"In Name Only"
March 28, 2018
0.9/4
6.48[28]
0.8
3.21
1.7
9.61[49]

18
"Credible Threat"
April 11, 2018
1.0/4
6.24[29]
0.7
3.50
1.7
9.74[50]

19
"Takedown"
April 25, 2018
0.8/3
6.26[30]
0.7
3.31
1.5
9.57[51]

20
"Enemy of My Enemy"
May 2, 2018
0.9/4
5.89[31]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

21
"The Graveyard of Empires"
May 9, 2018
0.9/4
6.15[32]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

22
"The Cost of Doing Business"
May 16, 2018
0.9/4
6.14[33]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported an approval rating of 68% based on 19 reviews, with an average rating of 5.88/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "SEAL Team's solidly written first season offers compelling characters and hints at broader potential, even if it's somewhat undermined by an overall sense of predictability."[52] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 57 out of 100 based on 16 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[53]