document_title: Hogwarts

question_text: what is the name of the sorting hat in harry potter

text: Hogwarts

text: School location and information

text: J. K. Rowling says she visualises Hogwarts, in its entirety, to be:[1]

text: A huge, rambling, quite scary-looking castle, with a jumble of towers and battlements. Like the Weasleys' house, it isn't a building that Muggles could build, because it is supported by magic.

text: In the novels, Hogwarts is somewhere in Scotland.[10][11] (The film Prisoner of Azkaban says that Dufftown is near.) The school is depicted as having numerous charms and spells on and around it that make it impossible for a Muggle to locate it. Muggles cannot see the school; rather, they see only ruins and several warnings of danger.[GF Ch.11] The castle's setting is described as having extensive grounds with sloping lawns, flowerbeds and vegetable patches, a loch (called The Black Lake), a large dense forest (called the Forbidden Forest), several greenhouses and other outbuildings, and a full-size Quidditch pitch. There is also an owlery, which houses all the owls owned by the school and those owned by students. Some rooms in the school tend to "move around", and so do the stairs in the grand staircase.[12] Witches and wizards cannot Apparate or Disapparate in Hogwarts grounds, except when the Headmaster lifts the enchantment, whether only in certain areas or for the entire campus, so as to make the school less vulnerable when it serves the headmaster to allow Apparition.[GF Ch.28] Electricity and electronic devices are not found at Hogwarts. In Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire, Hermione indicates that due to the high levels of magic, "substitutes for magic (that) Muggles use" such as computers, radar and electricity "go haywire" around Hogwarts. Radios however, make an exception. Rowling explains this by saying that the radios are not powered by electricity but by magic.

text: Hogwarts is on the shore of a lake, sometimes called the Black Lake. In that lake are merpeople, Grindylows, and a giant squid. The giant squid does not attack humans and sometimes acts as a lifeguard when students are in the lake.

text: Hogwarts is a coeducational, secondary boarding school, taking children from ages eleven to eighteen.[4] Education at Hogwarts is not compulsory, with some students being home schooled as stated in the seventh book. Rowling initially said there are about one thousand students at Hogwarts.[13] She later suggested around six hundred, while acknowledging that this number was still inconsistent with the small number of people in Harry's year. She further explained that this had resulted from her creating only 40 characters for Harry's year.[14]

text: Rowling has said that Hogwarts is "a multifaith school".[15] She has further stated on the subject, "The only people I never imagined there are Wiccans."[16] In response to the query, "[D]o you think there are a lot of LGBT students in modern age Hogwarts? I like to imagine they formed an LGBT club," Rowling replied, "But of course."[17]

text: Admission

text: According to the novels, admission to Hogwarts is selective, in that children who show magical ability will automatically gain a place,[18] and squibs cannot attend the school as students (though they can work there in other roles, as Argus Filch does).[19] A magical quill at Hogwarts detects the birth of magical children and writes their names into a large parchment book,[20] but there is no admission test because "you are either magical or you are not."[18] Every year, a teacher checks this book and sends a letter to the children who are turning eleven. Acceptance or refusal of a place at Hogwarts must be posted by 31 July. The letter also contains a list of supplies like spell books, uniform, and other things that the student will need. The prospective student is expected to buy all the necessary materials, normally from shops in Diagon Alley, a concealed street near Charing Cross Road in London that can be found behind the wizarding pub, The Leaky Cauldron. Students who cannot afford their supplies can receive financial aid from the school, as happened with the young orphan Tom Riddle.

text: Letters to Muggle-born witches and wizards, who may not be aware of their powers and are unfamiliar with the concealed wizarding world, are delivered in person by a member of Hogwarts staff, who then explains to the parents or guardians about magical society, and reassures them regarding this news.[HP7]

text: Though the school is in Great Britain, its catchment area is the wider British Isles, as Irish students can also attend.

text: Each student is allowed to bring a cat, toad, rat or owl. Along with the acceptance letter, first-year students are sent a list of required equipment which includes a wand, subject books, a standard size 2 pewter cauldron, a set of brass scales, a set of glass or crystal phials, a kit of basic potion ingredients (for Potions), and a telescope (for Astronomy). The Hogwarts uniform consists of plain work robes in black, a plain black hat, a pair of protective gloves, and a black winter cloak with silver fastenings. Each uniform must contain the wearer's nametag. First years are not allowed a broomstick of their own, though an exception to this rule is made for Harry in his first year after he demonstrates an excellent ability as a Seeker in Quidditch.

text: Arrival

text: The primary mode of transport to Hogwarts is the Hogwarts Express that students take at the start of each school year. Students board the train from the also fictional and hidden Platform 9¾ at King's Cross station in London. The train arrives near Hogwarts, some time after nightfall.

text: From there, first-year students are accompanied by the "Keeper of the Keys, Game and Grounds" (which was Hagrid during the first novel) to small boats, which magically sail across the lake and get them near the entrance of Hogwarts. The older students ride up to the castle in carriages pulled by creatures called Thestrals. When the first-year students initially arrive at the castle, they wait in a small chamber off the entrance hall until the older students have taken their seats, and then enter the Great Hall for the Sorting Ceremony to determine their House assignments. As teacher Minerva McGonagall said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, "The Sorting is a very important ceremony because, while you are here, your House will be something like your family within Hogwarts. You will have classes with the rest of your House, sleep in your House dormitory, and spend free time in your House common room." After the Sorting Hat sings a song, each student in turn is seated upon the stool in front of the rest of the student body. The Hat is placed on the student's head, whereupon it examines his or her mind and assigns them to one of the four Houses based on abilities, personality, and preferences. After the Sorting Ceremony, the students and teachers enjoy a feast, prepared by the Hogwarts house-elves. If Dumbledore is feeling cheerful, he will lead the students in singing the school song.[21]

text: Houses

text: Hogwarts is divided into four houses, each bearing the last name of its founder: Godric Gryffindor, Salazar Slytherin, Rowena Ravenclaw and Helga Hufflepuff. Throughout the school year, the houses compete for the House Cup, gaining and losing points based on actions such as performance in class and rule violations. The house with the highest end-of-year total wins and has its colours displayed in the Great Hall for the following school year. Each house also has its own Quidditch team that competes for the Quidditch Cup. These two competitions breed rivalries between the houses. Houses at Hogwarts are living and learning communities for their students. Each house is under the authority of one of the Hogwarts staff members. The Heads of the houses, as they are called, are in charge of giving their students important information, dealing with matters of severe punishment, and responding to emergencies in their houses, among other things. Each year, year level groups of every separate house share the same dormitory and classes. The dormitory and common room of a House are, barring rare exceptions, inaccessible to students belonging to other Houses.

text: In the early days of Hogwarts, the four founders hand-picked students for their Houses. When the founders worried how students would be selected after their deaths, Godric Gryffindor took his hat off and they each added knowledge to it, allowing the Sorting Hat to choose the students by judging each student's qualities and placing them in the most appropriate house. The student's own choices may affect the decision: the clearest example is the Hat telling Harry that he would do well in Slytherin in the first book, but ultimately selecting Gryffindor after Harry asks it not to put him in Slytherin.

text: The translators of the books' foreign editions had difficulty translating the "house" concept; in countries where this system does not exist, no word could adequately convey the importance of belonging to a house, the loyalty owed to it, and the pride taken in prizes won by the house.[22]

text: Gryffindor

text: Gryffindor values courage, bravery, nerve, and chivalry. Gryffindor's mascot is the lion, and its colours are scarlet and gold. The Head of this house is the Transfiguration teacher and Deputy Headmistress, Minerva McGonagall until she becomes headmistress, and the house ghost is Sir Nicholas de Mimsy-Porpington, more commonly known as Nearly Headless Nick. According to Rowling, Gryffindor corresponds roughly to the element of fire. The founder of the house is Godric Gryffindor.

text: The Gryffindor common room is in one of the castle's highest towers, and its entrance is on the seventh floor in the east wing of the castle and is guarded by a painting of The Fat Lady, who is garbed in a pink dress. She permits entry only after being given the correct password, as was distinguished in the third book, when Sirius Black tried forcing entry into the tower, only to be blocked by The Fat Lady after he could not give the correct password. In the first book, Neville Longbottom tends to forget the password and must wait near the painting until other Gryffindors arrive to open the way.[23]

text: Hufflepuff

text: Hufflepuff values hard work, patience, justice, and loyalty. The house mascot is the badger, and canary yellow and black are its colours. The Head of this house is the Herbology teacher Pomona Sprout, and the house ghost is The Fat Friar. According to Rowling, Hufflepuff corresponds roughly to the element of earth. The founder of this house is Helga Hufflepuff.

text: The entrance to the Hufflepuff dormitories and common room entrance is concealed in a pile of large barrels in an alcove in the corridor that holds the kitchen. To enter, one must tap the barrel two from the bottom in the middle of the second row in the rhythm of "Helga Hufflepuff". Unlike any other house, the Hufflepuff common room has a repelling device that douses the illegal entrant in vinegar if the wrong lid is tapped or the rhythm is wrong.[24] The Hufflepuff common room is filled with yellow hangings and fat armchairs and it has little underground tunnels leading to the dormitories, all of which have perfectly round doors, like barrel tops.[25]

text: Ravenclaw

text: Ravenclaw values intelligence, creativity, learning, and wit.[HP5][HP7] The house mascot is an eagle and the house colours are blue and bronze (blue and grey in the films). The head of this house is the Charms professor, Filius Flitwick, and the house ghost is The Grey Lady. According to Rowling, Ravenclaw corresponds roughly to the element of air. The founder of this house is Rowena Ravenclaw.

text: The dormitories are in Ravenclaw Tower, on the west side of Hogwarts. The common room, which went undescribed in the series until the climax of Deathly Hallows, is round and filled with blue hangings and armchairs, has a domed ceiling painted with stars and features a replica statue of Rowena wearing her diadem. Harry also notes that Ravenclaws "have a spectacular view of the surrounding mountains". A logical riddle must be solved to gain entry, whereas the Gryffindor and Slytherin common rooms only require a password (Hufflepuffs need to tap a barrel in the rhythm of "Helga Hufflepuff"), indicating that it may be easier for those students from other houses who possess a high degree of intelligence to enter this common room than others. Professor McGonagall, the head of the Gryffindor House, solves the riddle accurately.

text: Slytherin

text: Slytherin values ambition, cunning, leadership, and resourcefulness; the Sorting Hat said in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone that Slytherins will do anything to get their way. The house mascot of Slytherin is the serpent, and the house colours are green and silver. The Head of House is Severus Snape until the seventh book. Then, Horace Slughorn, the previous Head of House, comes out of retirement re-assuming authority after Snape becomes headmaster. The ghost of Slytherin house is The Bloody Baron.[26] According to Rowling, Slytherin corresponds roughly to the element of water. The founder of this house is Salazar Slytherin.

text: The Slytherin dormitories and common room are reached through a bare stone wall in the dungeons. The Slytherin common room is a long, low, dungeon-style room, under the Hogwarts Lake, furnished with green lamps and carved armchairs. The room is described in the second book as having a greenish glow.

text: The Sorting Hat claims that blood purity is a factor in selecting Slytherins, although this is not mentioned until the fifth book. There is no reason to believe, however, that Muggle-born students are not sorted there, merely that pure-blooded students are more desirable to that house, as there are several examples of half-bloods in the house (such as Snape and Voldemort). In Deathly Hallows, a group of Snatchers claim that "not many Mudbloods" are sorted into Slytherin.

text: When believing Harry to be dead and thinking that he has final victory in his grasp, Voldemort proclaims his intention to abolish the other three houses and force all Hogwarts students into Slytherin. This design is foiled by his defeat and death, after which Slytherin becomes more diluted in its blood purity, no longer remaining the pure-blood bastion it once was.

text: Subjects and teachers

text: Being a school of magic, many subjects at Hogwarts differ from the studies of a typical school. Some subjects, such as History of Magic, derive from non-wizard – or muggle – subjects, but many others, such as charms and apparition classes, are unique to the wizarding world. There are twelve named teachers (referred to as Professors), each specialising in a single subject. All professors are overseen by a school head and deputy head. Transfiguration, Defence Against the Dark Arts, Charms, Potions, Astronomy, History of Magic, and Herbology are compulsory subjects for the first five years, as well as flying lessons. At the end of their second year, students are required to add at least two optional subjects to their syllabus for the start of the third year. The five choices are Arithmancy, Muggle Studies, Divination, Study of Ancient Runes and Care of Magical Creatures. "Very specialised subjects such as alchemy are sometimes offered in the final two years, if there is sufficient demand."[27]

text: Student life

text: The day begins at Hogwarts with breakfast in the Great Hall. Students sit at their own House table and can eat and socialise, or finish homework. The Headmaster or Headmistress eats with the professors at the High Table placed at the far end of the hall. During breakfast, owls bring in the students' post, generally consisting of The Daily Prophet, letters from parents or friends, or packages from home. A bell signals the start of the first class of the morning at 9 am.

text: There are two long morning classes with a short break in between them for students to get to their next class. After lunch, classes resume at 1 pm, and there is a break around afternoon teatime before another class period. The classes are about one hour in length, with occasional double periods lasting two hours. Classes end around five o'clock. First-year students get Friday afternoons off, while sixth- and seventh-year students have several free periods during the week. In the evening, students eat their dinner in the Great Hall, after which they are expected to be in their common rooms. Astronomy classes take place late at night in the Astronomy Tower.

text: The four House dormitories have secret entrances, generally known only to members of that house and require a password (Gryffindor & Slytherin), riddle answer (Ravenclaw) or ritual (Hufflepuff) in order to gain entrance. Inside is the common room, which contains armchairs and sofas for the pupils and tables for studying and homework. There are fireplaces to keep the rooms warm, and students either relax here in the evenings or else complete their homework, but may complete their work in the bedroom. There are notice boards in each common room and at other strategic points throughout the school. The students sleep in their House dormitories, which branch off from the common rooms. Each dormitory gets at least two rooms; one for boys and one for girls (an enchantment prevents boys from entering the girls' area, although there is no spell to prevent the reverse from occurring). Each student sleeps in a large four-poster bed with bed covers and heavy curtains in the House colours, and thick white pillows. There is a bedside table for each bed, and each dormitory has a jug of water and goblets on a tray.

text: On designated weekends, Hogwarts students in their third year or higher, with a signed permission slip, are permitted to walk to the nearby wizarding village of Hogsmeade, where they can relax and enjoy the pubs, restaurants and shops. There appears to be a good relationship between the school and the village, and the students get on well with the locals. Favourite places in Hogsmeade include Honeydukes Sweetshop, Zonko's Joke Shop, clothing stores such as Gladrags Wizardwear, the Shrieking Shack (regarded as the most haunted building in Britain), the pubs The Three Broomsticks and The Hog's Head, and Madam Puddifoot's coffee shop.

text: Food

text: The house-elves at Hogwarts amongst other duties provide all food to students and staff. They cook a wide variety of dishes especially at the feasts. The various dishes are prepared in the kitchens directly below the Great Hall. Within the kitchen are four long tables directly aligned with the house tables in the great hall above. At meal times the food is magically transported up, appearing directly in front of the students.[citation needed]

text: Discipline

text: Apart from losing points from a house, serious misdeeds at Hogwarts are punishable by detention. Whenever a student loses a house point, their house jewels (ruby for Gryffindors, emeralds for Slytherin, sapphires for Ravenclaw, and topazes for Hufflepuff) are taken away from a glass hourglass located in every classroom. The same goes for adding points to the specific house, although the teacher or prefect must conjure the gems from thin air.

text: According to the school caretaker, Argus Filch, detention meant subjection to various forms of corporal punishment until recently. Arthur Weasley claimed still to bear physical scars inflicted by Apollyon Pringle, Filch's predecessor. In present times, however, detention usually involves assisting staff or faculty with tedious tasks. Examples of detention include the one imposed on Harry by Umbridge in Order of the Phoenix. In this case, Harry was forced to write, "I must not tell lies" repeatedly using a magical quill which then carves what is written into the back of the writer's hand. However, most teachers at the school never use this cruel punishment. In another case, when Snape caught Harry using the Sectumsempra curse on Draco, he was forced to go through over a thousand boxes of files describing wrongdoers at Hogwarts and their punishments. Harry was supposed to order them in alphabetical order, and rewrite the cards whose words were hard to see or otherwise damaged. The Weasley twins Fred and George had a whole drawer of these cards.

text: For even more serious offences, students may be suspended or even expelled from Hogwarts. Harry and Ron are threatened with expulsion after crashing Ron's car into the Whomping Willow at the start of their second year, and Harry is expelled before the start of his fifth year (although the sentence is quickly changed to a disciplinary hearing) after he is detected using magic in the presence of Muggles, a serious offence among the wizarding community. Dumbledore argued in Harry's defence, stating that it was done in self-defence, and that the Ministry has no authority to expel students – such powers are invested in the Headmaster and the Board of Governors. Snape has attempted to have Harry expelled, and he attempted to have Harry's father, James Potter, expelled when they were at Hogwarts together. The only student known to have been expelled is Hagrid, for the murder of Myrtle with an acromantula believed to be the Monster of Slytherin and for opening the Chamber of Secrets – crimes for which Tom Riddle had framed him.

text: Professors seem to be able to punish students with relative impunity and can hand out detention, even for unsatisfactory grades. Enforcement of rules outside of class mainly falls to the caretaker, with the assistance of the prefects. A student's Head of House usually has the final say in disciplinary matters. However, during Umbridge's tenure at Hogwarts, she quickly obtains the power to have the final say in disciplinary actions, due to an Educational Decree (one of many) passed by Minister for Magic Cornelius Fudge.

text: In the summer before their fifth year, two fifth year students from each House are picked to be prefects, which grants them privileges and responsibilities and disciplinary responsibilities. The leaders of the student body, the Head Boy and Head Girl, are drawn from the seventh year students. Prefects have the authority to give detentions for infractions.

text: Grounds

text: Hogwarts Castle and its Grounds are home to many secret areas as well as well-known and well-used places.

text: Hiding place of the Philosopher's Stone

text: Accessed by entering a trapdoor in the forbidden corridor on the third floor, and protected by a gauntlet of seven magical challenges set up by the teachers.

text:
A giant three-headed dog named Fluffy placed specially to guard the trapdoor by Hagrid.
Devil's Snare, grown by Professor Sprout.
A room containing dozens of keys, charmed by Flitwick to sprout wings and fly near the ceiling. One of these keys will unlock the door to the next section. However, in the film adaptation, the keys attack the seeker of the Stone.
A large chessboard with an army of large chessmen, transfigured by McGonagall. To continue to the door on the opposite side, the person in question must beat the chessmen at a game of wizards' chess where the player must risk his life if he loses. Ron and Professor Quirrell are the only wizards to win the game of wizards' chess.
A room with a large troll inside. This is Quirrell's challenge. In the book, Quirrell had knocked out his own troll to get to the last room and thus the trio did not have to fight it; in the film, it does not appear, but it appears in the PS1 and Game Boy Color version of the game.
A series of potions, brewed by Snape. A logical riddle, not magic, has to be solved. There are two doors, blocked by fire. One potion will allow the person to exit the way he or she arrived, another will allow him or her to continue to the next chamber, two are nettle wine, and the other three are poison. This challenge does not appear in the film, but does in the video game adaptation.
The Mirror of Erised can be found in the final chamber, further enchanted by Dumbledore to bestow the Philosopher's Stone upon a seeker only hoping to acquire the stone but not use it for selfish means.

text: Chamber of Secrets

text: The Chamber of Secrets, which is deep under the school (most likely under the lake),[28] was home to an ancient Basilisk, intended to be used to purge the school of Muggle-born students. Salazar Slytherin, one of the founders of Hogwarts, built the Chamber before he left the school.

text: The entrance to the Chamber is hidden in Moaning Myrtle's bathroom on the second floor. One of the sink taps has a snake scratched into its side; when a command in Parseltongue is spoken, it opens to reveal the mouth of a dark, slimy chute, wide enough to slide down, that gives onto a stone tunnel. There are many skeletons of small animals littering the floor and even a gigantic skin shed by the Basilisk. The tunnel leads to a solid wall, carved with two entwined serpents with emeralds for eyes.[28] At a command in Parseltongue, the wall opens to expose a long, dim corridor, lined with monumental statues of snakes, including two rows of towering stone pillars with more carved serpents that brace the ceiling. A colossal statue of Salazar Slytherin, looking ancient and monkey-like, is at the centre. The Basilisk rested inside the statue and emerged from its mouth when the Heir of Slytherin, Tom Riddle, summoned it.[29] In his second year at Hogwarts, Harry uses Parseltongue to open the chamber and destroys the diary containing the embodied memory of a 16-year-old Tom Riddle from his own days at Hogwarts and also slays the basilisk. It is later revealed that the diary was a Horcrux. In Deathly Hallows, Ron and Hermione enter the Chamber. Ron opens the door (despite not speaking Parseltongue) by imitating sounds he heard Harry use to open Slytherin's locket. They pull a basilisk fang from its skeleton to use to destroy the Horcrux made from Helga Hufflepuff's cup.

text: When Tom Riddle opened the Chamber, Myrtle was sulking in a stall after being teased by student Olive Hornby. She opened the door, intending to tell him to leave, but died immediately upon meeting the Basilisk's gaze and decided to become a ghost to revenge on Hornby.[28] Her bathroom remains operational, but is rarely used by students because of Myrtle's disagreeable presence and her habit of flooding it when she is distraught.

text: The film's depiction of the Chamber has snake heads in place of the pillars and Slytherin's statue is only his head. Rowling reveals in the book Harry Potter Page to Screen; The Complete Filmmaking Journey that the Chamber has flooded since its creation under unknown circumstances.

text: Passages

text: There are usually seven secret passages in and out of the school, and in addition, the series describes the use of twin vanishing cabinets to create another. Filch knows of just four of these while the Marauders (Remus Lupin, Peter Pettrigrew, Sirius and James) and the Weasley twins know of all seven, though where some lead is unknown. The Room of Requirement may, on occasion, create an eighth passage out of the school. The only known instance of this occurring is a passage to the Hog's Head bar that formed before the Battle of Hogwarts. Due to the nature of the Room of Requirement, it is possible that several passages to different locations could be accessed from the Room. The three passages out of Hogwarts that Filch does not know about are:

text:
A passage beneath the Whomping Willow, leading to the Shrieking Shack.
A passage behind a mirror on the fourth floor, which is caved in. It led to Hogsmeade, but where in Hogsmeade it leads to is unknown.
A passage beneath a one-eyed witch statue by the stairs to the Defence Against the Dark Arts classroom, leading to the cellar of Honeydukes. Speaking aloud the word 'Dissendium' to the witch allows access to this passage; the hump on the statue then opens and reveals the hidden passageway.

text: A further link between two vanishing cabinets, one in the school and the other in Borgin and Burkes in Knockturn Alley presumably worked until Chamber of Secrets when Peeves (persuaded by Nearly Headless Nick) smashed the Hogwarts cabinet. The passage was reopened in Half-Blood Prince when Draco Malfoy fixed the cabinet. This passage is not shown on the Marauder's Map as it is not part of the castle itself.

text: Besides passages in and out of the school, there are also numerous short-cuts that lead from one part of the castle to another. These are often concealed in such fashions as a tapestry which hides a hole in the wall.

text: Room of Requirement

text: On the seventh floor opposite an enormous tapestry depicting Barnabas the Barmy attempting to train trolls for the ballet, the Room of Requirement appears only when someone is in need of it. To make it appear, one must walk past its hidden entrance three times while concentrating on what is needed. The room will then appear, outfitted with whatever is required. To the Hogwarts house-elves, it is also known as the Come and Go Room.

text: Dumbledore was first to mention the room, noting that he discovered it at five-thirty in the morning, filled with chamber pots when he was trying to find a toilet. However, Dumbledore did not appear to know the Room's secrets. Dobby later told Harry of the Room in detail and admitted to frequently bringing Winky to the room to cure her bouts of Butterbeer-induced drunkenness, finding it full of antidotes and a "nice elf-sized bed." Filch was said to find cleaning supplies here when he had run out; when Fred and George needed a place to hide, it would appear as a broom cupboard. Trelawney also makes a habit of using it to hide her empty sherry bottles after she is sacked in Order of the Phoenix. It would seem that when one wishes to hide something it produces the same room for everyone: the Room of Hidden Things, which is full of many centuries worth of abandoned objects, such as broken furniture, books, and in one case a dead quintaped (for more information see Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them), which were presumably forgotten by their owners.

text: Harry learned of the room's abilities from Dobby, finding it the perfect location for his Dumbledore's Army meetings, during which it would be filled with bookcases full of Defence Against the Dark Arts volumes, many different kinds of Dark Detectors, and a plethora of floor cushions for practising defensive spells. When the D.A. was betrayed, the room was left open, and Pansy Parkinson was able to retrieve the list of members of the organisation. In Half-Blood Prince Harry used the Room of Hidden Things to stash his copy of Advanced Potion-Making, describing it as the size of a large cathedral and packed to overflowing with items hidden by Hogwarts inhabitants over the years, such as old potions, clothing, ruined furniture, an old tiara (which happened to be one of Voldemort's Horcruxes), or books which were "no doubt banned or graffitied or stolen." He later realised that Draco had been using the room in that state to hide and repair the Vanishing Cabinet to use it to smuggle Death Eaters into Hogwarts. Ironically, while Harry tries many times to get into the Room of Requirement to see what Draco is doing, the only time he succeeds to get into the room (and he is not thinking about Draco), he gains access to the room where Malfoy has been working.

text: In Deathly Hallows, the students who need a place to hide from the Carrows, two Death Eater professors, use the room. It is also revealed that the Room of Requirement's current version can change while still occupied, though should a completely different version be required (e.g. the Room of Hidden Things instead of DA Headquarters) the room must be empty. The Room can also answer to the desire of the wizard within the room, such as providing Harry with a whistle when he needed one during a Dumbledore's Army meeting, or creating a passage to the Hog's Head (as the room cannot produce food). Later, Ravenclaw's diadem is found to be one of Voldemort's Horcruxes and has been hidden in the Room of Hidden Things by Voldemort. Harry, Ron, and Hermione enter the Room, with Harry knowing that he must look for a place to hide things, and find the tiara; but they are ambushed by Draco, Crabbe and Goyle. The diadem is finally destroyed when Crabbe fills this version of the Room with what Hermione believes to have been Fiendfyre; a destructive magical fire. It is not known if the room continues to function after the events of Deathly Hallows; Ron expresses concern that it may have been ruined in all of its forms by the cursed fire.

text: Forbidden Forest

text: The Forbidden Forest is a large, dark forest in the boundaries of the school grounds. It is usually referred to simply as "the Forest" and in the film series as the "Dark Forest". It is strictly forbidden to all students, except during Care of Magical Creatures lessons and, on rare occasions, detentions.

text: Among the plant species within the Forest are trees such as beech, oak, pine, sycamore, yew and knotgrass and thorn undergrowth. Though the Forest is vastly dense and wild, there are a few paths and clearings. Hagrid, who frequently travels into the Forest for various reasons, mostly makes these trails. The Forest is also home to an assortment of creatures, many of them dangerous.

text: In 2017, a Forbidden Forest expansion was added to the Warner Bros. Studio Tour London - The Making of Harry Potter, enabling fans to explore it for the first time.[30]

text: Sets for the exterior of the school

text: Most exterior scenes were shot on location at Alnwick Castle, but views of the exterior of the entire school were created from shots of Durham Cathedral with a digital spire added to the towers. Durham Cathedral also served as a set for Hogwarts interiors.

text: Hogwarts Express

text: The Hogwarts Express is a train that carries students non-stop from Platform 9¾ at King's Cross station in London to Hogsmeade Station, near Hogwarts. Prefects of the school ride in a separate carriage near the front of the train. The compartments on the train appear to be lettered; in Half-Blood Prince, the "Slug Club" meets in compartment C.

text: The train began use in the 1850s. Before that, students used to reach Hogwarts on brooms or enchanted carriages.[31]

text: The steam engine used in the film adaptations is the GWR 4900 Class 5972 Olton Hall, but it was not the first locomotive to be disguised as the Hogwarts Express. To promote the books, the Southern Railway locomotive 34027 Taw Valley was repainted and renamed temporarily, but was rejected by director Chris Columbus as looking 'too modern' for the film. Filming locations for the Hogwarts Express sequences include Goathland on the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, Kings Cross railway station and the route of the Jacobite Express which follows the West Highland Line from Fort William to Mallaig in Scotland, as it crosses the Glenfinnan Viaduct.[32]

text: Several model trains have been made of the Hogwarts Express. An 00 gauge is produced by Hornby, though this is of a Castle Class locomotive rather than the Hall Class used in the films. A three-rail H0 gauge model is produced by Märklin, and a two-rail H0/00 was produced in the early 2000s by Bachmann. Several now-discontinued L gauge models have been produced by LEGO. Lionel has released an O gauge set in their 2007 catalogue and a G gauge set for 2008.[33][34]

text: A completely functioning full-scale replica of the Hogwarts Express was created for The Wizarding World of Harry Potter's expansion at Universal Orlando Resort connecting King's Cross Station at the Diagon Alley expansion in Universal Studios Florida to the Hogsmeade station at Islands of Adventure,[35] manufactured by Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in the form of a funicular railway people mover.[36] The Hogwarts Express King's Cross Station features a wall between Platforms 9 and 10, where guests can "walk through" to get to Platform 9¾, like in the first film.

text: Hogwarts in translations of the Harry Potter books

text: Most translations keep the name 'Hogwarts', transcribing it if necessary (for example Arabic هوغوورتس = Hūghwūrts, Russian Хогвартс = Khogvarts, Japanese ホグワーツ = Hoguwātsu, Bengali হগওয়ার্টস = Hogowarts, Greek Χόγκουαρτς = Hóguarts, simplified Chinese 霍格沃茨 = Huògéwòcí). But some translate or otherwise adapt it: French Poudlard (lard = "bacon"), Latvian Cūkkārpas shortened from cūka = "pig" + kārpas = "warts", Dutch Zweinstein modified from zwijnsteen = "pig rock" while simultaneously referencing Albert Einstein, Norwegian Bokmål Galtvort (Nynorsk keeps "Hogwarts"), Finnish Tylypahka (pahka = "wart"), Hungarian Roxfort (playing with the name of Oxford), Slovenian Bradavičarka (bradavice = "warts")), Czech Bradavice means simply "warts". The Ancient Greek translation of the school is "Ὑογοήτου Παιδευτήριον τὸ τῆς Γοητείας καὶ Μαγείας", loosely translating to "Hogwizard's School of Wizardry and Magic", Ὑογοήτου replacing "Hogwarts" and derived from the ancient Greek words ὑo- (hog) and γοητής (wizard).


document_title: Dating the Bible

question_text: what is the oldest book in the new testament

root

text: Dating the Bible

text: Table I: Chronological overview[edit]

text: This table summarises the chronology of the main tables and serves as a guide to the historical periods mentioned. Much of the Hebrew Bible or the Protocanonical Old Testament may have been assembled in the 5th century BCE.[1] The New Testament books were composed largely in the second half of the 1st century CE.[2] The Deuterocanonical books fall largely in between.

tag: p

text:
Period
Books

Monarchic
8th–7th centuries BCE
c. 745–586 BCE

8th century: Amos (first half, immediately prior to Assyria's expansion c. 645 BCE);[3] "First Isaiah" (Isaiah 1–39),[4] Hosea,[5] Micah (second half).[6]
7th century: Nahum (based on its assumption of the fall of Thebes and call for the destruction of Nineveh),[7] Zephaniah (in the reign of Josiah, c. 649–609 BCE),[8] Habakkuk (possibly shortly before the battle of Carchemish, 605 BCE);[9] first edition of the Deuteronomistic history (books of Joshua/Judges/Samuel/Kings) in the reign of Josiah;[10] Deuteronomy 5–26 in the reign of Josiah.[11]

Exilic
6th century BCE
586–539 BCE

Core of Obadiah around the fall of Jerusalem, 586 BCE.[12]
Completion of Deuteronomistic history (Joshua/Judges/Samuel/Kings).[13]
Deuteronomy expanded with addition of chapters 1–4 and 29–30 to serve as an introduction to the Deuteronomistic history.[11]
Jeremiah active in the last decade of the 7th century and first decades of the 6th;[14]
Ezekiel active in Babylon 592–571 BCE;[15]
"Second Isaiah" (author of Isaiah 40–55) active in Babylon around mid-century.[16]
Expansion and reshaping of Hosea, Amos, Micah and Zephaniah.[17]
Possible early Psalms collection (psalms "of David") ending with psalm 89.[17]

Post-exilic
Persian
5th–4th centuries BCE
538–330 BCE

Torah (books of Genesis/Exodus/Leviticus/Numbers, using a variety of sources).[18][19]

Deuteronomy revised with expansions to chapters 19–25 and addition of chapter 27 and 31–34 to serve as conclusion to the Torah.[11]
"Third Isaiah" (Isaiah 56–66)[16]
Later version (the Masoretic Hebrew version) of Jeremiah[20]
Haggai (self-dated to the second year of the Persian king Darius 520 BCE),[21]
Zechariah (chapters 1–8 contemporary with Haggai, chapters 9–14 from the 5th century)[22]
Malachi (5th century BCE, contemporaneous or immediately prior to the missions of Nehemiah and Ezra)[23]
Chronicles (between 400–250 BC, probably in the period 350–300 BCE)[24]
Origins of Ezra-Nehemiah (may have reached its final form as late as the Ptolemaic period, c. 300–200 BCE).[25]

Post-exilic
Hellenistic
3rd–2nd centuries BCE
330–164 BCE

Job, Ecclesiastes and the Song of Songs (Could have been written in the 4th or even 5th centuries, but seem to reflect contact with Greek culture).[26]
Book of Jonah (Persian or Hellenistic, no later than 2nd century BCE).[27]
Most of the individual psalms making up the final third of the Book of Psalms.[28]

Maccabean/Hasmonean
2nd–1st centuries BCE
164–4 BCE

Daniel (164 BCE, combining newly-written visions, chapters 7–12, with the Persian and Hellenistic tales of chapters 1–6).[29]
1 Maccabees/2 Maccabees/3 Maccabees/possibly 4 Maccabees; Tobit, Judith, Additions to Daniel and Additions to Esther
Wisdom of Solomon late 1st century BCE or early to mid 1st century CE.[26]

Roman
1st century CE onward
after 4 BCE

4 Maccabees (after 63 BCE, probably mid-1st century CE).[30]
Wisdom of Solomon (late 1st century BCE or early to mid 1st century CE).[26]
New Testament (between c. 50–110 CE – see Table IV).

tag: table

text: Table II: Hebrew Bible/Old Testament[edit]

text:
Torah
Date or range of dates most widely held by scholars

Book of Genesis
Book of Exodus
Book of Leviticus
Book of Numbers
Book of Deuteronomy
The majority of modern biblical scholars believe that the Torah – the books of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy – reached its present form in the post-Exilic period.[19]
The five books are drawn from four "sources" (distinct schools of writers rather than individuals): the Priestly source, the Yahwist and the Elohist (these two are often referred to collectively as the "non-Priestly" source), and the Deuteronomist.[31] There is general agreement that the Priestly source is post-exilic, but there is no agreement over the non-Priestly source(s).[31]

Genesis is a post-exilic work combining "Priestly" and "non-Priestly" material.[32]
Exodus is an anthology drawn from nearly all periods of Israel's history.[33]
Leviticus is entirely Priestly and dates from the exilic/post-exilic period.[34]
Numbers is a Priestly redaction (i.e., editing) of a Yahwistic/non-Priestly original.[35]
Deuteronomy, now the last book of the Torah, began as the set of religious laws (these make up the bulk of the book), was extended in the early part of the 6th century to serve as the introduction to the Deuteronomistic history, and later still was detached from that history, extended yet again, and edited to conclude the Torah.[36]

Prophets
Date or range of dates most widely held by scholars

Former Prophets:
Book of Joshua
Book of Judges
Books of Samuel
Books of Kings

This group of books, plus Deuteronomy, is called the "Deuteronomistic history" by scholars. The proposal that they made up a unified work was first advanced by Martin Noth in 1943, and has been widely accepted. Noth proposed that the entire history was the creation of a single individual working in the exilic period (6th century BCE); since then there has been wide recognition that the history appeared in two "editions", the first in the reign of Judah's King Josiah (late 7th century), the second during the exile (6th century).[10] Noth's dating was based on the assumption that the history was completed very soon after its last recorded event, the release of King Jehoiachin in Babylon c. 560 BCE; but some scholars have termed his reasoning inadequate, and the history may have been further extended in the post-exilic period.[37]

Three Major Prophets:
Book of Isaiah
Book of Jeremiah
Book of Ezekiel

Scholars recognise three "sections" in the Book of Isaiah: Proto-Isaiah (the original 8th century Isaiah); Deutero-Isaiah (an anonymous prophet living in Babylon during the exile); and Trito-Isaiah (an anonymous author or authors in Jerusalem immediately after the exile).[38]
The Book of Jeremiah exists in two versions, Greek (the version used in Orthodox Christian Bibles) and Hebrew (Jewish, Catholic and Protestant Bibles), with the Greek representing the earlier version.[39] The Greek version was probably finalised in the early Persian period and translated into Greek in the 3rd century BCE, and the Hebrew version dates from some point between then and the 2nd century BCE.[40]
The Book of Ezekiel describes itself as the words of the Ezekiel ben-Buzi, a priest living in exile in the city of Babylon, and internal evidence dates the visions to between 593 and 571 BCE. While the book probably reflects much of the historic Ezekiel, it is the product of a long and complex history, with significant additions by a "school" of later followers.[41][42]

Twelve Minor Prophets
In the Hebrew Bible the Twelve Minor Prophets are a single collection edited in the Second Temple period, but the collection is broken up in Christian Bibles.[43] With the exception of Jonah, which is a fictional work, there exists an original core of prophetic tradition behind each book:[44][45]

Book of Hosea: second half of the 8th century BCE[5]

Book of Joel: late Persian or Hellenistic[46]
Book of Amos: first half of the 8th century[47]
Book of Obadiah: around the time of the fall of Jerusalem, 586 BCE[12]
Book of Jonah: Persian or Hellenistic, no later than 2nd century BCE[27]
Book of Micah: c. 750–700 BCE[48]
Book of Nahum: an "oracle concerning Nineveh", the Assyrian city destroyed in 612 BCE[49]
Book of Habakkuk: possibly shortly before the battle of Carchemish, 605 BCE[9]
Book of Zephaniah: reign of Josiah[8]
Book of Haggai: self-dated to the second year of the Persian king Darius (Darius the Great), 520 BCE[21]
Book of Zechariah: first eight chapters contemporary with Haggai; chapters 9–14 from the 5th century[22]
Book of Malachi: 5th century BCE, contemporaneous or immediately prior to the missions of Nehemiah and Ezra (which, however, are themselves difficult to date)[23]

Ketuvim
Date or range of dates most widely held by scholars

Wisdom collection:
Job, Ecclesiastes and Proverbs
The books of Job, Ecclesiastes and Proverbs share a similar outlook which they themselves call "wisdom".[50] It is generally agreed that Job comes from between the 7th and 4th centuries BCE, with the 6th century as the most likely.[51] Ecclesiastes can be no earlier than about 450 BCE, due to the presence of Persian loan-words and Aramaic idioms, and no later than 180 BCE, when the Jewish writer Ben Sira quotes from it.[52][53] Proverbs is a "collection of collections" relating to a pattern of life which lasted for more than a millennium, and impossible to date.[54]

Poetic works: Psalms and Lamentations
The psalms making up the first two-thirds of the psalter are predominantly pre-exilic and the last third predominantly post-exilic.[28] The collected book of Psalms was possibly given its modern shape and division into five parts in the post-exilic period, although it continued to be revised and expanded well into Hellenistic and even Roman times.[55] It is generally accepted that the destruction of Jerusalem by Babylon in 586 BCE forms the background to the Book of Lamentations.[56]

Histories: Chronicles and Ezra-Nehemiah
Chronicles was composed between 400–250 BCE, probably in the period 350–300 BCE;[24] Ezra-Nehemiah (two books in modern Bibles, but originally one) may have reached its final form as late as the Ptolemaic period, c. 300–200 BCE.[25]

Miscellaneous works: Book of Ruth, Book of Esther, Book of Daniel, Song of Songs
The Book of Ruth is commonly dated to the Persian period;[57] Esther to the 3rd or 4th centuries BCE; the Book of Daniel can be dated more precisely to 164 BCE thanks to its veiled prophecy of the death of a Greek king of Syria;[58] and the Song of Songs could have been composed at any time after the 6th century BCE.[59]

text: Table III: Deuterocanonical Old Testament[edit]

text:
Book
Date or range of dates most widely held by scholars

Tobit
225–175 BCE, on the basis of apparent use of language and references common to the post-exilic period, but lack of knowledge of the 2nd century BCE persecution of Jews.[60]

Judith
150–100 BCE, although estimates range from the 5th century BCE to the 2nd century CE.[61]

1 Maccabees
100 BCE[62]

2 Maccabees
c. 100 BCE[62]

3 Maccabees
100–75 BCE "very probable"[63]

4 Maccabees
mid-1st century CE[30]

Wisdom of Solomon
late 1st century BCE/early 1st century CE, on the basis of shared outlook with other works dating from this time.[64]

Sirach
196–175 BCE, as the author implies that Simon the high priest had died (196 BCE), but shows no knowledge of the persecution of the Jews that began after 175 BCE.[65]

Additions to Daniel
Prayer of Azariah (Song of the Three Holy Children); Bel and the Dragon: late 6th century;[66] Susanna and the Elders: possibly 95–80 BCE[67]

Baruch and Letter of Jeremiah
2nd century BCE, as Baruch uses Sirach (written c. 180 BCE) and is in turn used by the Psalms of Solomon (mid-1st century BCE). The Letter of Jeremiah, ch. 6:1–73 of the Book of Baruch, is sometimes considered a separate book.[68]

text: Table IV: New Testament[edit]

text:
Book
Date or range of dates most widely held by scholars
Earliest known fragment

Gospel of Matthew
80–90 CE.[69] This is based on three strands of evidence: (a) the setting of Matthew reflects the final separation of Church and Synagogue, about 85 CE; (b) it reflects the capture of Jerusalem and destruction of the Temple by the Romans in 70 CE; (c) it uses Mark, usually dated around 70 CE, as a source.[70]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

104 (150–200 CE)

Gospel of Mark
68–70 CE.[71] References to persecution and to war in Judea suggest that its context was either Nero's persecution of the Christians in Rome or the Jewish revolt.[72]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

45 (250 CE)

Gospel of Luke
80–90 CE, with some scholars suggesting 90–100.[73] There is evidence, both textual (the conflicts between Western and Alexandrian manuscript families) and from the Marcionite controversy (Marcion was a 2nd-century heretic who produced his own version of Christian scripture based on Luke's gospel and Paul's epistles) that Luke-Acts was still being substantially revised well into the 2nd century.[74]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

4,

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

75 (175–250 CE)

Gospel of John
90–110 CE, the upper date based on textual evidence that the gospel was known in the early 2nd century, and the lower on an internal reference to the expulsion of Christians from the synagogues.[75]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

52 (125–160 CE)

Acts
95–100 CE.[71] If Acts uses Josephus as a source, as has been proposed, then it must have been composed after 93 CE; it does not show any knowledge of Paul's letters, which also supports a late date; and the social situation is one in which the faithful need "shepherds" to protect them from heretical "wolves", which again reflects a late date.[76]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

29,

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

45,

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

48,

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

53,

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

91 (250 CE)

Romans
c. 57 CE. One of the genuine Pauline letters, written to the Romans as Paul was about to leave Asia Minor and Greece, and expressing his hopes to continue his work in Spain.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

46 (late 2nd century or 3rd century CE)

1 Corinthians
c. 56 CE. Another of the Genuine Pauline letters. Paul expresses his intention to re-visit the church he founded in the city c. 50–52 CE.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

46 (late 2nd century or 3rd century CE)

2 Corinthians
57 CE. Another of the genuine Pauline letters. It was written around the fall of 57 CE, though its parts may have been separated by intervals of at least some months.

Galatians
c. 55 CE. Paul does not express any wish to revisit the church in Galatia, which he founded, and so some scholars believe the letter dates from the end of his missionary work. The letter concerns the question of whether Gentile converts are required to adopt full Jewish customs.[71] It has also been dated to either 48-50 CE or 54-55 CE.[77]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

46 (late 2nd century or 3rd century CE)

Ephesians
c. 80–90 CE. The letter appears to have been written after Paul's death in Rome, by an author who uses his name.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

46 (late 2nd century or 3rd century CE)

Philippians
c. 54–55 CE. A genuine Pauline letter, it mentions "Caesar's household," leading some scholars to believe that it is written from Rome, but some of the news in it could not have come from Rome. It seems rather to date from an earlier imprisonment, perhaps in Ephesus, from which Paul hopes to be released.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

46 (late 2nd century or 3rd century CE)

Colossians
c. 62–70 CE. Some scholars believe Colossians dates from Paul's imprisonment in Ephesus around 55 CE, but differences in the theology suggest that it comes from much later in his career, around the time of his imprisonment in Rome.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

46 (late 2nd century or 3rd century CE)

1 Thessalonians
c. 51 CE. One of the earliest of the genuine Pauline epistles.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

46 (late 2nd century or 3rd century CE)

2 Thessalonians
c. 51 CE or post-70 CE. If this is a genuine Pauline epistle it follows closely on 1 Thessalonians. But some of the language and theology point to a much later date, from an unknown author using Paul's name.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

92 (300 CE)

1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Epistle to Titus
c. 100 CE. The two Timothy epistles and Titus reflect a much more developed Church organisation than that reflected in the genuine Pauline epistles.[71]
Codex Sinaiticus (350 CE)

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

32 (200 CE)

Philemon
c. 54–55 CE. A genuine Pauline epistle, written from an imprisonment (probably in Ephesus) that Paul expects will soon be over.[71] It has also been dated to perhaps 61-63 AD.[78]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

87 (3rd century CE)

Hebrews
c. 80–90 CE. The elegance of the Greek and the sophistication of the theology do not fit the genuine Pauline epistles, but the mention of Timothy in the conclusion led to its being included with the Pauline group from an early date.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

46 (late 2nd century or 3rd century CE)

James
c. 65–85 CE. Like Hebrews, James is not so much a letter as an exhortation; the style of the Greek makes it unlikely that it was actually written by James the brother of Jesus.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

20,

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

23 (early 3rd century CE)

First Peter
c. 75–90 CE[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

72 (3rd/4th century CE)

Second Peter
c. 110 CE. This is apparently the latest writing in the New Testament, quoting from Jude, assuming a knowledge of the Pauline letters, and including a reference to the gospel story of the Transfiguration of Christ.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

72 (3rd/4th century CE)

Epistles of John
90–110 CE.[79] The letters give no clear indication, but scholars tend to place them about a decade after the Gospel of John.[79]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

9, Uncial 0232, Codex Sinaiticus (3rd/4th century CE)

Jude
Uncertain. The references to "brother of James" and to "what the apostles of our Lord Jesus Christ foretold" suggest that it was written after the apostolic letters were in circulation, but before 2 Peter, which uses it.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

72 (3rd/4th century CE)

Revelation
c. 95 CE. The date is suggested by clues in the visions pointing to the reign of the emperor Domitian.[71]

P

{\displaystyle {\mathfrak {P}}}

98 (150–200 CE)


document_title: Six Flags Over Texas

question_text: what is the tallest ride at six flags over texas

text: Six Flags Over Texas

text: History[edit]

text: Initial planning and construction[edit]

text: Following a visit to Disneyland in Anaheim, California, shortly after its opening, wealthy real estate developer Angus G. Wynne, Jr. decided that his home state of Texas should have a local park for entertainment. Planning for such a place began in 1959, under the leadership of Wynne and the Great Southwest Corporation, along with the backing of various New York City investors. Construction on the park began in August 1960.

text: Origin of the name[edit]

text: The name "Six Flags Over Texas" refers to the flags of the six different nations that have governed Texas: Spain, France, Mexico, the Republic of Texas, the United States of America, and the Confederate States of America.[5] Wynne originally intended to name the park "Texas Under Six Flags." Various legends have attributed the name change to his wife Joann; a group called "The Daughters of The Texas Republic" — of which his wife may, or may not, have been a member; or his entertainment director, Charles Meeker, stating that, "Texas isn’t 'under' anything."[6] The original park was divided into six separate themed areas for each of the six governing entities that have ruled over Texas. Although additional themed areas have been added, the original six can still be found within the park.

text: Grand opening[edit]

text: Six Flags Over Texas opened its gates from July 29 to August 4, 1961, to several local corporations that Wynne had invited as part of a "soft-test opening." The park held its grand opening ceremonies on Saturday, August 5, 1961. Dignitaries included the mayors of Arlington, Dallas, Fort Worth, Grand Prairie, and Irving.[6] Park attendance reached 8,374. Admission was $2.75 (or $23.00 in 2018) for adults and $2.25 (or $18 in 2018) for children (cf. admission prices of $62.99 and $47.99 for the 2013 season); parking was 50 cents (or $4.00 in 2018) (cf. $20.00 in 2013); hamburgers were 35 cents (or $3.00 in 2018), and soft drinks were 10 cents (or $1.00 in 2018).[7]  On opening day, guests could visit the six original themed sections: Mexico, Spain, France, The Confederacy, Texas, and Modern (representing the USA). According to the 1961 Park Map[8] there were 46 "major attractions" listed. The park's first season, lasting only 45 days and ending on November 25, 1961, was a success with over 550,000 visitors.

text: The 1960s were a decade of growth for Six Flags Over Texas. The park added numerous attractions, including two new sections: Boomtown, named after the boomtowns that sprang up rather quickly during Texas' oil boom era, and the "Tower Section", named after the Oil Derrick observation tower built in 1969. The park also witnessed the birth of two classic theme park attractions: El Aserradero in 1963 and the Runaway Mine Train roller coaster in 1966. Attendance reached close to 2 million visitors a year by the end of the decade. Six Flags Over Texas was one of the locations used for filming parts of the theme song for Hanna-Barbera's newest TV show The Banana Splits' Adventure Hour for the fall of 1968. Sid and Marty Krofft got their debut at Six Flags Over Texas with their very own puppet show. In 1969, Six Flags Over Texas was sold by Angus G. Wynne to a new limited partnership managed by Dallas investor Jack Knox.

text: The park's growth and expansion continued through the 1970s. It was the setting for the opening sequence in the 1971 Sid and Marty Krofft television show Lidsville, in which lead character Mark (Butch Patrick) sees a magician perform in one of the theaters, then sneaks backstage after the magic show, causes the hat to enlarge, falls through it and lands in Lidsville, "the land of living hats."[9] The park underwent new management in 1971 with the Penn Central Railroad. The park added two new roller coasters, more rides, and a new section called "Goodtimes Square". The park also removed many of its less popular aging attractions in this decade as well. In 1975, a new mascot, Cyrus Cosmo - the inventor - was created and led many ad campaigns. By 1978, Six Flags Over Texas had had over 30 million visitors.

text: The 1980s were another period of change for Six Flags Over Texas. The park added three roller coasters as well as a children's section themed after Pac-Man in 1983 and later changed to Looney Tunes in 1985. Six Flags Over Texas also introduced three popular festivals in this decade. Spring Breakout, introduced in 1984, brought live bands and excitement to the park for students on Spring Break. Six Flags also introduced Fright Nights and Holiday in the Park to increase attendance and extend the season.

text: The 1990s was a rather rough decade in comparison from decades past. The decade started off with a bang when Six Flags Over Texas introduced the Texas Giant roller coaster. After a record year, Six Flags Over Texas went into a lull with management changes and name changes as the Looney Tunes characters began to take over starting in 1991. The Spee-lunker's Cave was restructured to feature Looney Tunes characters in place of the Spee's who had inhabited the ride since the early days of the park—the park was managed by Time Warner Entertainment. In 1998, Six Flags Over Texas started it off with its addition of Mr. Freeze. When the ride opened it was one of the most technologically advanced roller coasters, with lims propelling it forward.  Time Warner sold its interests in the Six Flags parks to Premier Parks of Oklahoma City, which later changed its name to Six Flags Theme Parks, Inc. In the late 90s, the park experienced a period of growth by adding new coasters and rides. Six Flags Over Texas also introduced FastLane, later Flash Pass, which was similar to FastPass at Disney theme parks. Many of these new additions (including the new Gotham City section) were far from the original Six Flags Over Texas theme. By the end of the decade, Six Flags Over Texas had added ten roller coasters to its list of attractions.

text: During the first decade of the 21st century, Looney Tunes USA was restructured. In 2001, the park introduced its tallest, fastest, longest roller coaster, Titan. Built by Giovanola of Switzerland, it climbs 245 feet (74.7 m) and features a top speed of 85 mph (137 km/h). It is the tallest, fastest, longest roller coaster in the park and in the state of Texas. In 2002, the park kicked off the Best of Texas Festival, which brought Texas history back to the park. The park has also made steps toward bringing back the past when they reopened Casa Magnetica. In 2003 Six Flags Over Texas opened the Superman Tower of Power. This was the tallest ride of its kind in the world at the time of its opening. In 2006, the park celebrated its 45th Anniversary by adding ten new attractions geared toward families. Since then, Six Flags Over Texas had placed more emphasis on families by offering a daily parade and more characters (including Scooby-Doo and the Justice League). Six Flags Over Texas also introduced Festival Latino. For 2007 and 2008, Six Flags Over Texas was home to "Cirque Dreams Coobrila", a high energy cirque-acrobatic-type show housed in the Music Mill Amphitheater. On May 17, 2008, Six Flags Over Texas introduced its first roller coaster in seven years, called Tony Hawk's Big Spin.[10] In 2009, debuted the "Glow in the Park Parade", a nighttime parade filled with thousands of lights.

text: In early 2010, the Texas Giant roller coaster was closed to be renovated into a steel hybrid coaster, by Rocky Mountain Construction (RMC), and was reopened on April 22, 2011, as the New Texas Giant for the park's 50th anniversary.[11] In late 2010, Six Flags began the process of removing licensed theming from attractions. They terminated several licenses including their licenses with Tony Hawk. Tony Hawk's Big Spin was renamed Pandemonium in the middle of the 2011 season. Mr. Freeze was closed briefly to feature new backwards facing trains. The newly named Mr. Freeze Reverse Blast reopened on May 12, 2012.[12]

text: On August 2, 2012, Six Flags Over Texas announced the last chance to ride Flashback and Texas Chute Out was September 3, 2012.[13] On August 30, 2012, Six Flags announced the park will be adding the world's tallest swing ride at 400-foot (122 m) tall, called Texas SkyScreamer. Texas Skyscreamer is located in Goodtime's Square, in the place of the former Texas Chute Out. It features a Texas theme with red, white, and blue colors, along with a giant star with six other flags all on top of the tower. Texas SkyScreamer opened on May 25, 2013.[14]

text: On August 29, 2013, Six Flags officially announced that they would expand their kids area into Bugs' Bunny Boomtown. The park will also add Wahoo Racer, a new water slide to the adjacent Hurricane Harbor park.[15] In late March 2014, Six Flags Over Texas announced for a limited time in 2014 Batman: The Ride will become Batman: The Ride Backwards, as the park will reverse the trains.[16]

text: On August 28, 2014, Six Flags announced Justice League: Battle for Metropolis, a dark ride themed to the Justice League for the 2015 season.

text: On September 3, 2015, Six Flags announced the expansion of the Gotham City section of the park for the 2016 season. The expansion will include two new rides, Catwoman Whip and The Riddler Revenge, and the renovation of Crazy Legs into Harley Quinn Spinsanity, The new rides are opening May 28, 2016. [1]

text:
At the beginning of the 2016 season, Shock Wave was closed to get ready for The New Revolution. It reopened on March 10, 2016 for Season Pass Holders. It reopened to the public on March 25, 2016.
On September 1, 2016, Six Flags announced The Joker, a 4D Free-Fly Coaster, which opened to the public in early summer 2017.

text: In August 2017, in response to the controversial Unite the Right rally that was held in Charlottesville, Virginia, the park replaced its six flags (which had included the original Confederate flag) with six American flags. A representative of the park told KXAS-TV, "We always choose to focus on celebrating the things that unite us versus those that divide us. As such, we have changed the flag displays in our park to feature American flags."[17][18]

text: Firsts, bests, and other records[edit]

text: Firsts and ones of a kind[edit]

text:
First Six Flags Theme Park. This is the original Six Flags Theme Park, opened on August 5, 1961
First Pay one Price (POP) admission[19]
First theme park to feature Broadway-style shows (1961)[19]
First Intamin Ride, the Jet Set [6]
First Log Flume – El Aserradero (1963)
First Mine Train Roller Coaster – The Runaway Mine Train (1966)
First relaunch of the modern-day parachute ride - Texas Chute Out (1976) Removed in 2012.[20]
First Freefall Ride - Texas Cliffhanger (later renamed G-Force and then Wildcatter) (1982). Removed in 2007.[21]
First  RMC I-Box hybrid coaster - New Texas Giant (2011)

tag: ul

text: Records[edit]

text:
Tallest Roller Coaster in Texas - Titan (245 ft)
Fastest Roller Coaster in Texas - Titan (85 mph)
Largest Land Based Oil Derrick - Oil Derrick (300 ft)
Tallest swing ride in the world Texas Skyscreamer (400 ft) (2013)

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Texas Giant named World's Best Wooden Roller Coaster in 1998 and 1999 by Amusement Today's Golden Ticket Awards.
New Texas Giant named Best New Coaster of 2011 by Amusement Today's Golden Ticket Awards.

text: Incidents[edit]

text: Events[edit]

text: Six Flags Over Texas hosts several seasonal events throughout the year including:

text:
Spring Break Out – Taking place in the month of March, the Spring Break Out event welcomes the warm Texas weather with plenty of outdoor attractions, events, games, and concert performances. The event usually takes place over a couple of weeks, allowing various local schools’ differing spring break holidays to coincide with one of the event's weeks. It has been a park tradition since 1984.
Festival Latino - In April, Hispanic and Latino heritage is celebrated throughout the park. The park is alive with arts, crafts, performances by bands and dancers, as well as authentic cuisine including fajitas, sweet corn, churros, and tacos. The annual event started in 2006.
Fright Fest – Originally only one night in October called 'Fright Night', Fright Fest is the annual Halloween festival at Six Flags Over Texas. Fright Fest takes place throughout the month of October and features several specialized additions to the park.  Haunted houses, decorated pathways, patrolling ghouls, and spooky music all contribute to the park’s transformation into a giant 'scream' park.
Holiday in the Park –  A tradition started in 1985, Holiday in the Park is now one of the park’s most popular seasonal events as the park’s season winds down towards the end of November and throughout December.  Hundreds of thousands of Christmas lights are strung around the park buildings and rides. An authentic snow hill is available for visitors to sled down. Festive holiday shows, arts and crafts, and delicious seasonal food also bring the holidays to Six Flags Over Texas.

text: Areas and attractions[edit]

text: Guide to Rides & Attractions[22]

text: Star Mall[edit]

text: The Star Mall serves as the entry gate for Six Flags Over Texas. It was one of the original sections of the park when it opened in 1961. It is named for the large star-shaped fountain located in the section.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride name

Year opened

Manufacturer and ride type

Other notes

Silver Star Carousel

1963

Dentzel carousel

Last carousel built by William Dentzel.  Originally located in Boomtown section, ride was removed for restoration in 1985 and reopened at current location in 1988.

text: Entertainment:

text: Silver Star Carousel Stage – Located between the entrance and exit stairways to the Silver Star Carousel attraction, this multi-leveled stage showcases a variety of performances throughout the regular park operating season and during private park events as well. Although the stage is relatively small in size,[clarification needed] performances include dance spectacles during both Fright Fest and Holiday in the Park, school and private band recitals, and the daily Looney Tunes Party Rockin' Dance Party (March–September).

text: Dining:

text:
Pink Things
Flags Famous Funnel Cakes

text: Merchandise:

text: $10 and Under

text: Other guest services:

text:
Guest services
Locker rental
Six Flags Season Pass Processing Center
Stroller rental
The Flash Pass Reservation Center
VIP Tours

text: Mexico & Spain[edit]

text: The Mexico & Spain area consists of two sections both of which were originally part of the park in 1961. Both sections represent a flag that has flown over the state of Texas.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride name

Year opened

Manufacturer and ride type

Other notes

El Sombrero

1965

Chance Rides trabant

Moved to new location in 2006.

La Fiesta de las Tazas

2006

Zamperla teacups

Built in the former location of El Sombrero.

Conquistador

1981

Intamin Bounty swinging ship

La Vibora

1986

Intamin Swiss Bob / Bobsled roller coaster

Ride was moved from Six Flags Magic Mountain. Originally named The Avalanche Bobsled.

El Aserradero

1963

Arrow Log flume

World's First Log Flume. Features two separate log flumes: Flume I (1963) & Flume II (1968).

text: Dining:

text:
Flags Funnel Cakes
Rancho de Pollo

text: Entertainment:

text: Six Flags Radio – located across from Indian Trading Village, guests can watch as specially-hired Six Flags Radio personalities—referred to as DJs—broadcast park-wide from inside the park's very own radio station.

text: Merchandise:

text:
Casa de Six Flags
Mercado de la Plaza

text: Texas[edit]

text: The Texas section of the park was another original section when the park opened in 1961. It is named after the Republic of Texas flag that once flew over the state.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride name

Year opened

Manufacturer and ride type

Other notes

Boot Scootin'

2006

Zamperla boot themed Turtle Parade

Chaparral Antique Cars

1962

Arrow antique cars

Entrance & Station relocated in 2011 and went back to its original entrance in 2016.

Rodeo

2006

Huss Rodeo/Breakdance

Ride moved from Six Flags Great Adventure.

Sidewinder

2006

Eli Bridge Scrambler

Ride moved from Six Flags Astroworld.

Six Flags & Texas Railroad

1961

3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge train ride around the park.

Stations are the Texas Depot and Boomtown Depot.

New Texas Giant

2011

Dinn Corporation, Designed by Curtis D. Summers, Renovations by Rocky Mountain Construction / Hybrid roller coaster

Won Golden Ticket for World's Best Wooden Roller Coaster of 1999. Closed for renovation in 2010. Reopened April 22, 2011 as the world's first Super Hybrid Coaster. Won Golden Ticket for Best New Coaster of 2011.

Titan

2001

Giovanola / Hypercoaster

Tallest, fastest, and longest roller coaster in Texas.

Yosemite Sam and The Gold River Adventure

1992

Arrow Water dark ride

Originally opened in 1964 as Spee-Lunker's Cave Ride, name/theme changed in 1992.  Also see River caves.

text: Entertainment:

text:
Back Porch Stage – This venue houses live bands during certain times of the year.
Courthouse Stage – This small, porch-like stage comes equipped with a splash zone for use in various period gunfighting performances during the summer.
Crazy Horse Saloon – The Crazy Horse Saloon has provided live entertainment for over 40 years, featuring cowboys and saloon girls. This is the oldest theater in the park.
Lone Star Gazebo – Directly adjacent to the Lone Star Theater entrance, this space now houses Six Flags Karaoke (March – late September).
Lone Star Theater – This venue usually houses specialty shows.
Lip Synch Challenge – Its when two people challenge each other to lip synch. It was originally in the Goodtimes Square section.

text: Dining:

text:
Coca-Cola Freestyle
E.G. Sugarwaters
Panda Express
Bubba's Texas Giant Hot Dogs
Newman's Corn Dogs
Miss Abby's Cookies and Ice Cream Shoppe

text: Merchandise:

text:
Indian Trading Post
Texas Gift Shop
The Ole' Woodcutter Shop

text: Old South & France[edit]

text: The Old South & France area consists of two sections both of which were originally part of the park in 1961. Both sections represent a flag that has flown over the state of Texas. The Old South was originally called The Confederacy and featured Civil War reenactments, including performances representing the execution of a captured Union spy.[5]

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride name

Year opened

Manufacturer and ride type

Other notes

Runaway Mountain

1996

Premier Rides / Enclosed roller coaster

Indoor coaster almost completely in the dark

text: Entertainment:

text: David Blackburn Southern Palace Theater - The largest indoor theater at Six Flags Over Texas. This venue houses all types of musical and dance shows.

text: Dining:

text:
Cold Stone Creamery (formerly Ben & Jerrys)
JB's Smokehouse Barbeque (formerly Gator McGee's Mountain Grill)
Primo's Pizzeria
Uncle Bub's Smokehouse

text: Merchandise:

text:
Antique Photo Emporium
Les De Caricatures
M-Porium

text: USA[edit]

text: The USA area of the park opened with the park in 1961. It was originally named the Modern Section, but still represented the United States flag that has flown over Texas. The USA area is also home to the Bugs Bunny Boomtown sub-area.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride name

Year opened

Manufacturer and ride type

Other notes

Justice League : Battle for Metropolis

2015

Interactive, 3-D, mutli-motion base dark ride. Collaboration of Sally Dark Rides, Alterface, Oceaneering International, and Pure Imagination Studios.[23]

Themed to Justice League. Debuted on May 19, 2015. Riders wear 3-D glasses and shoot at targets generated in real-time.

Aquaman Splashdown

1987

Hopkins Rides Shoot-the-Chutes water ride

Ride was named Splash Water Falls until 2007.

text: Bugs Bunny Boomtown[edit]

text: Bugs Bunny Boomtown is a sub-section of the USA section of the park. It serves as the children's area of the park. It originally opened in 1983 as Pac-Man Land. With the introduction of Looney Tunes characters to the park, it was renamed to Looney Tunes Land around 1985. In 2001, the area was renamed once again when it was expanded to include new attractions. It was renamed Bugs Bunny Boomtown for 2014.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride Name

Year Opened

Manufacturer/Ride Type

Other Notes

Daffy Duck's Bucket Blasters

2014

Zamperla Watermania

Looney Tunes Adventure Camp

2014

Miracle Recreation Equipment play structure

Marvin the Martian Space Rockets

2014

Zamperla Rocket Ride

Speedy Gonzales' Truckin' Across America

1992

Zamperla Kiddie convoy/truck ride

Sylvester & Tweety's State Fair-is Wheel

2001

Zamperla mini Ferris wheel

Taz Tornado Swings

2014

Zamperla Lolly Swing

Bugs Bunny Cloud Bouncer

2001

SBF/VISA group Happy Tower

Wile E. Coyote's Grand Canyon Blaster

2001

Chance Rides Big Dipper / Junior roller coaster

Yosemite Sam's Texas Tea Cups

2001

SBF/VISA group mini teacups

text: Dining:

text:
Bill's Lemonade
Granny's Grill
Six Flags All-American Cafe (Formerly USA Food Court)

text: Merchandise:

text:
ACME Rock-N-Rocket Shop (Closed at the end of 2014 to get ready for Justice League - Battle for Metropolis)
Cartoon Clubhouse
Looney Tunes Mall/Candy Corner
Studio 6F (Formerly Attitudes)

text: Other Guest Services:

text:
Baby Care
Lost Parents

text: Goodtimes Square[edit]

text: The Goodtimes Square section of the park opened in 1973. Over the years, it took on a loose 1950s theme. Some of Goodtimes Square expanded to the Gotham City Section for the 2016-2017 season.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride Name

Year Opened

Manufacturer/Ride Type

Other Notes

Cloud Bouncer

2006

Zamperla Samba balloon tower

Judge Roy Scream

1980

Don Rosser & Bill Cobb / wooden roller coaster

Built outside main park area, along the park's entrance lake.

Texas SkyScreamer

2013

Funtime Star Flyer

Second Tallest Star Flyer in the world, standing 400 ft.[14]

text: Entertainment:

text: Majestic Theater - Originally the Krofft Puppet Circus & Goodtimes Theater, this venue houses all types of musical, dance, and specialty shows.

text: Gotham City[edit]

text: Gotham City opened in 1999 and is themed to the DC Comics Batman universe.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride Name

Year Opened

Manufacturer/Ride Type

Other Notes

Batman: The Ride

1999

Bolliger & Mabillard / Inverted roller coaster

Is the only inverted roller coaster in the park. Trains were reversed for a limited time in 2014.

Batwing

2006

Zamperla Telecombat

Catwoman Whip

2016

Zamperla Endeavor

Harley Quinn Spinsanity

2018

ABC Rides Tourbillon

Mr. Freeze: Reverse Blast [24]

1998

Premier Rides LIM / Launched roller coaster

Originally intended to open for the 1997 season, but problems with the LIM Launch system forced a delayed opening. Trains were reversed and ride renamed to Mr. Freeze: Reverse Blast in 2012.

The Joker

2017

S&S Worldwide 4D Free Spin

The Riddler Revenge

2016

Zamperla Giant Discovery ride.

text: Dining:

text:
Gotham Snacks
Johnny Rockets

text: Boomtown[edit]

text: The Boomtown section opened in 1963. It is based on the Texas boomtowns that sprung up in Texas during the oil boom era.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride Name

Year Opened

Manufacturer/Ride Type

Other Notes

Mini Mine Train

1969

Arrow / Mine train roller coaster

Located next to the bigger Mine Train. Track modified slightly in 1997 when Mr. Freeze was built next to/over parts of the track.

Pandemonium [25]

2008

Gerstlauer / Spinning roller coaster

Originally named "Tony Hawk's Big Spin"

Runaway Mine Train

1966

Arrow Development / Mine train roller coaster

First Arrow mine train roller coaster built.

Six Flags & Texas Railroad

1961

3 ft (914 mm) narrow gauge train ride around the park.

Stations are the Texas Depot and Boomtown Depot

The Gunslinger

1983

Chance Rides Yo-Yo swings ride

Ride was named Texas Tornado until 2007.

text: Dining:

text:
Dry Hole Charlie's
Dusty Dan's Waterin' Hole
Macho Nacho (Formally Goldminer's Diner)

text: Merchandise:

text: Caricatures

text: Tower[edit]

text: The Tower Section opened in 1969 and is named after the Oil Derrick tower location in the section.

text: Attractions:

text:
Ride Name

Year Opened

Manufacturer/Ride Type

Other Notes

Caddo Lake Barge

2006

Zamperla Rockin’ Tug

Dive Bomber Alley

1996

Skycoaster

Requires additional charge.

Oil Derrick

1969

Intamin observation tower

Largest land-based oil derrick in the world standing 300 ft tall.

Roaring Rapids

1983

Intamin river rapids ride

Replaced Skull Island and LaSalle's Riverboat Adventure.

Shock Wave

1978

Schwarzkopf / Looping roller coaster

Steel coaster with two back-to-back vertical loops.

Six Flags Speedway Go Karts

1999

J & J Amusements go karts

Requires additional charge.

Superman Tower Of Power

2003

3 S&S Worldwide Combo Towers

Tallest Freefall Combo Tower in the world standing 325 ft tall.

text: Entertainment:

text:
Music Mill Amphitheater - The park's large outdoor amphitheater. This venue houses concerts and other live entertainment.
Texas Arena - This is the park's stunt show theater. In 2008, the Thursday Night Starburst Concert Series performed here.

text: Dining:

text:
Cold Stone Creamery
Lone Star Twister Pretzels
Newman's Cafe
Flags Funnel Cakes (Formally Red River Dogs & Fries changed during Fright Fest 2014)

text: Former Attractions[edit]

text:
Ride Name

Opened

Closed

Manufacturer

Ride Model/Type

Location

Notes

Big Bend

1971

1979

Schwarzkopf

Speed Racer

USA

Ride relocated to Six Flags St. Louis, but was never re-assembled and was later scrapped.

Bugs Bunny's Spirit of St. Louie

1976

2013

Zamperla

Mini airplane ride

Looney Tunes USA

Caddo War Canoes

1962

1983

Canoe Ride

Boomtown

Cinesphere Chevy Show

1969

1984

Cinema 180

Old South

Current Lone Star Theater

Daffy Duck's Capitol Tours

2001

2013

SBF/VISA group

Kiddie crazy bus ride

Looney Tunes USA

Ferrocarril Fiesta Train

1961

1978

Train Ride

Mexico

Updated in 1968

Flashback

1989

2012

Vekoma

Boomerang

Goodtimes Square

It was closed on September 3, 2012. Ride relocated to Six Flags St. Louis, re-opened in 2013 as Boomerang

Great Six Flags Air Racer

1984

1999

Intamin AG

Air Racer

Tower

Harley Quinn Spinsanity

2006

2018

Huss

Troika

Goodtimes Square

Removed before the start of the 2018 season. The ride was originally named Crazy Legs from 2006-2016. Ride relocated from Six Flags Astroworld

La Cucaracha

1961

1964

Allan Herschell

Wild Mouse

Mexico

Originally named Sidewinder and was located in the USA section in 1961. Name changed and moved to Mexico section in 1962.

Las Cocheses Cabras Goat Cart

1961

1963

Mexico

Goat powered cart ride

LaSalle's Riverboat Expedition

1961

1982

Guided Old Mill

France

Little Dixie Carousel

1961

1974

Animal Powered Carousel

Old South

Also known as Flying Jenny

Los Conquistadores Mule Pack Ride Coronado Trek[26]

1961

1962

Spain

Although titled "mule pack ride," guests actually rode burros and were led by a host dressed as conquistador, riding a horse.[6]

Michigan J. Frog's Tinsel Town Revue

1985

2013

Zamperla

Mini swinger ride

Looney Tunes USA

Overland Butterfield Stagecoach

1961

1967

Stagecoach

Old South

Rotoriculous

1975

1988

Reverchon

Himalaya

Goodtimes Square

Ride was enclosed

Route 66 Bumper Cars

2001

2013

SBF/VISA group

Mini bumper cars

Looney Tunes USA

Skull Island

1961

1982

Playground

Skull Island

Sky Hook

1963

1968

Sky Crane

Boomtown

An observation ride adapted from a cargo crane by Von Roll of Switzerland.[6] Ride relocated to Six Flags Over Georgia

Spee-Lunker's Cave

1964

1991

Arrow Development

Floating Dark Ride

Texas

Spindletop

1967

1989

Chance Rides

Rotor

Goodtimes Square/Texas

Relocated to Frontier City where it's currently operating and renamed Terrible Twister and then Tumbleweed in 2014.

Spinnaker

1977

1995

Schwarzkopf GmbH

Enterprise

Tower

Relocated to Six Flags Fiesta Texas

Texas Chute Out

1976

2012

Intamin AG

Parachute Tower

Goodtimes Square

Demolished on October 10, 2012. Replaced by SkyScreamer

Tower Slide

1969

1976

Fun Slide

Tower Section

Virtual Quest

2001

2005

Virtual reality

Goodtimes Square

ACME Rock-n-Rocket

2006

2014

Intamin AG

Looping Starship

USA

Closed on August 24, 2014. Replaced by Justice League:Battle for Metropolis

text:
Turbo Bungy - bungee trampoline
Helicopter Rides - helicopter tours above the park
Astro-Lift - A Von Roll type 101 aerial ropeway across the park
Humble's Happy Motoring Freeway Track I & II - Arrow Dynamics guide-limited auto ride
Jet Set - individual controlled mini jets. Intamin's very first ride.[6]
Missile Chaser - classic scrambler that was moved to Six Flags Magic Mountain
Petting Zoo - petting zoo
Wildcatter (Intamin 1st-Generation Intamin Freefall) - originally called Texas Cliffhanger; opened in 1982; located in USA "Boomtown" section. The ride was demolished in October 2007.
SpongeBob SquarePants: The Ride (motion simulator theater) - opened in 2004; located in USA section. Removed after 2007 season.
Bumper Cars (Soli bumper cars) - opened in 1973; located in Goodtimes Square section. Closed in August 2007 for Fright Fest and remained closed after the 2007 season.
Crazy Legs (Eyerly Aircraft Monster) - opened in 1973; closed after the 1980 season.
Porky Pig Magic Wheel - was a typical Eli Bridge Company model Ferris wheel located in Looney Tunes USA where the current "Fair-is Wheel" is located.