document_title: Ghost (Hamlet)

question_text: in hamlet the ghost of hamlet’s father first appears to

question_tokens: in hamlet the ghost of hamlet 's father first appears to

text: Ghost (Hamlet)

text: Overview[edit]

text: The Ghost appears three times in the play: in Act I, Scene i; in the continuum of Act I, Scenes iv and v; and Act III, Scene iv. The ghost arrives at 1.00 a.m. in at least two of the scenes, and in the other scene all that is known is that it is night.

text: The Ghost first appears to a duo of soldiers—Bernardo and Marcellus—and a visitor to Denmark, Horatio. The men draw their swords and stand in fear, requesting that Horatio, as a scholar, address the ghost. Horatio asks the ghost to speak, and reveal its secret. It is about to do so when the cock crows, signalling morning, and the ghost instead disappears. In this scene, the Ghost is clearly recognised by all present as the King, dressed in his full armour. Marcellus notes that the ghost had appeared to the castle guards twice before. Talk of spectral visitations has unsettled the night watch. Francisco, who Bernardo relieves on guard duty says, "For this relief much thanks; 't is bitter cold, And I am sick at heart."[2]

text: Seeing the Ghost arrayed in a military aspect, and aware of Fortinbras marshalling his forces on the frontier, Horatio recognises that the appearance of the Ghost must portend something regarding matters of state.[2]

text: Horatio then persuades Prince Hamlet into staying up with the guards to see if the ghost returns. At midnight, it appears, and beckons Hamlet to follow. Once alone, the ghost describes his wanderings on the earth, and his harrowing life in purgatory, since he died without receiving last rites.

text:
"...but know, thou noble youth,
The serpent that did sting thy Fathers life,
Now wears his crown."

Ghost of Hamlet's Father[3]

tag: div

text: He tells the young Hamlet that he was poisoned and murdered by his brother, Claudius, the new King of Denmark, and asks the prince to avenge his death. He also expresses disgust at his wife, Gertrude, for marrying Claudius, but warns Hamlet not to confront her, but to leave that to Heaven. Later, Prince Hamlet returns to his friends and has them swear on his sword to keep what they have seen a secret. When they resist, the ghost utters the words "Swear" and "Swear on the sword", from below the stage, until his friends agree.

text: The prince Hamlet, fearing that the apparition may be a demon pretending to be King Hamlet, decides to put the ghost to the test by staging a play that re-enacts the circumstances that the spirit claims led to his death. Claudius's reaction is one of guilt and horror, and Prince Hamlet is convinced that the ghost is, in fact, his father. However, due to his over-analytical mind and the complexity of the ghost's conditions, much time passes before Hamlet can carry out his orders.

text: In the third appearance, Hamlet is confronted by the ghost in his mother's closet, and is rebuked for not carrying out his revenge and for disobeying in talking with Gertrude. Hamlet fearfully apologises. Gertrude, however, cannot see the ghost, and thinks Hamlet is mad, asking why he stares and talks to nothing. In this scene, the ghost is described as being in his nightgown. He is never mentioned again.

text: King Hamlet is described by the few who mention him—and this excludes basically all except Hamlet, Horatio and the guards—as a warrior, as he led Denmark's forces to victory against Norway, and personally defeated its King Fortinbras in hand-to-hand combat. Hamlet respects him, saying Claudius pales in comparison to him, and frequently reflecting on him in an endearing manner.

text: Interpretations[edit]

text: "The Ghost in Hamlet is essential to the plot of the play."[4] He has also been the subject of a variety of interpretations. W.W. Greg was of the opinion that the Ghost was a figment of Hamlet's overwrought imagination.[5] J. Dover Wilson and others have argued that in having the Ghost appear a number of times to others before appearing to Hamlet, Shakespeare makes clear that the apparition is not a mere illusion.[4]

text: Performances[edit]

text: About a hundred years after Shakespeare died, Nicholas Rowe reported that he had heard an anecdote that Shakespeare himself had played the Ghost, starting a story that continues to this day.[1]


document_title: Mere Rashke Qamar

question_text: mere rashke kamar song is of which film

question_tokens: mere rashke kamar song is of which film

root

text: Mere Rashke Qamar

text: 2013 remix[edit]

text:
"Mere Rashke Qamar"

Remix by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan

from the album Reformed

Released
5 April 2013

Recorded
1988

Genre
Ghazal, Qawwali

Length
4:53

Label
Oriental Star Agencies, Hi-Tech Music

Composer(s)
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, A1melodymaster

Lyricist(s)
Fana Buland Shehri

Producer(s)
A1melodymaster

Reformed track listing

"Mere Rashke Qamar"
(1)
"Fasle Gul"
(2)

External media

Audio

 "Mere Rashke Qamar" on YouTube

Video

 "Mere Rashke Qamar" on YouTube

tag: table

text: It was recreated and released as a single on 5 April 2013 by A1melodymaster for the album Reformed; which released on 16 March 2017 with different renewed songs of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan.[3]

tag: p

text: 2017 film version[edit]

text:
"Mere Rashke Qamar"

Soundtrack by Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Rahat Fateh Ali Khan and Tulsi Kumar

from the album Baadshaho

Released
13 July 2017

Recorded
2016

Genre
Romantic Sufi

Length
3:40

Label
T-Series

Composer(s)
Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Tanishk Bagchi

Lyricist(s)
Fana Buland Shehri, Manoj Muntashir

Producer(s)
Bhushan Kumar

Baadshaho track listing

"Mere Rashke Qamar"
"Piya More"

External media

Audio

 Full audio on YouTube

 Full Female version on YouTube

 Remix on YouTube

Video

 Full video on YouTube

 Lyrical video on YouTube

 Female version music video on YouTube

 Female version lyrical video on YouTube

text: The song was recreated by lyricist Manoj Muntashir and composer Tanishk Bagchi for Milan Luthria's 2017 Hindi film Baadshaho; written by Rajat Arora. It features original version of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan's voice with new version of Rahat Fateh Ali Khan's voice. The video; starring Ajay Devgn & Ileana D'Cruz; has been shot in different locales of Bikaner, Jodhpur and Jaisalmer.[4][5][6][7]

text: Despite other controversies; created after 2016 Uri attack, due to which Pakistani artistes were banned from working in India;[8][9] producer Bhushan Kumar said that he was working for last one-and-a-half year on a track "that brings out the chemistry between Ajay and Ileana's characters". He said, "I was sure it had to be Nusrat saab's composition. I procured the rights and I'm thankful to Rahat for singing it", he feels happy with the response on the new version.[10]

text: The soundtrack has a female version for the film too, in voice of Tulsi Kumar, which released on 21 August. Its music video was released on 25 August by her father's company T-Series, featuring Kumar herself.

text: Music charts[edit]

text: The 2013 remix achieved chart success in 2017 in the UK, spending a number of weeks on the Official Charts Company before[11] and after the release of 2017 version.[12] Ten days after 2017 version's release, both were on top 14 on the Asian music chart by BBC.[13] The latter than topped the Indian music charts by iTunes, BBC, Bollywood Hungama, Saavn and Gaana.com, and remained number 1 on international level until beaten by Taylor Swift's "Look What You Made Me Do" in India.[14]

text: Popularity[edit]

text: The song is very popular in Pakistan and India, and also has been adapted as cover version by many local artistes.[15][16][17]

text:
Pakistan
India

Junaid Asghar[18][19][20]
Naseebo Lal[21][22]
Fadia Shaboroz[23]
Haseeb Mubashir[24]
Sara Raza Khan[25]
Myssah[26][27]
Rabi Peerzada[28][29][30]
Asghar Khoso[31]

Sonu Kakkar[32]
Neha Kakkar's duet with Riya[33]
Baba Sehgal[34]
Pawan Singh[35]
Rahul Vaidya[36]
Rojalin Sahu[37]
Vridhi Saini[38]


document_title: Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry

question_text: who has the most wins between ohio state and michigan

text: Michigan–Ohio State football rivalry

text: Series history[edit]

text: Early years (1897–1949)[edit]

text: When the University of Michigan and Ohio State met for the first time in 1897, the Toledo War was within the memories of some still living, and the short-lived border war may have fueled the rivalry between the two opposing teams.[12] The inaugural game, held at Ann Arbor, resulted in a lopsided victory for Michigan, with the Wolverines posting a 34–0 win over Ohio State's Buckeyes.[13] The teams did not meet in 1898 or 1899, but played again in 1900.

text: The first game foretold a long Michigan winning streak, with Michigan winning or tying every game from 1897 to 1912 and thereby compiling a 12–0–2 record before the contest was postponed for several years. The Ohio State Alma Mater "Carmen Ohio" was written on the train ride home to Columbus following the 1902 contest, which saw Ohio State lose to Michigan 86–0. The lyrics and melody (Spanish Chant) have remained largely unchanged since its conception.

text: Ohio State became a member of the Big Ten Conference in 1912. In 1917, Michigan rejoined the conference after a ten-year absence. In 1918, the teams played their first conference matchup, with Michigan prevailing 14–0 and lodging its eleventh shutout over the Buckeyes. The rivalry has been renewed annually every year since then. In 1919, the Buckeyes (led by legendary halfback Chic Harley) won their first game in the series, beating the Wolverines 13–3. The Buckeyes won the following two contests as well, to bring the series record to 13–3–2.

text: Harley's prowess spurred the university to campaign to build a stadium for Ohio State football. The stadium was completed in 1922, and the first of many historic games in Ohio Stadium took place on October 21, 1922, the day the stadium was dedicated in Columbus. In front of a record 71,000 fans, the Wolverines posted another shutout of the home team Buckeyes, 19–0. According to lore, there was a wager on the outcome of this game, and yellow flowers on a blue background still exist today in the upper part of the stadium's rotunda.[14] Michigan won the next five games before OSU picked up the final two victories of the decade. At the end of the 1920s, the series stood at 19–5–2 in favor of Michigan.

text: Michigan won three of four contests between 1930 and 1933, claiming the national championship twice. In 1934, Francis Schmidt came on as the head coach for Ohio State. The team had lost nine of the previous 12 Michigan-OSU contests, and when a reporter asked Schmidt if Ohio State could beat Michigan that year, he replied, "Of course we can win, Michigan puts their pants on one leg at a time just like we do". The Buckeyes thereupon ran off four straight shutout victories against Michigan, outscoring the Wolverines 114–0 from 1934 to 1937. Schmidt's quote spawned an OSU tradition—since 1934, every Ohio State player receives a gold pants pendant after a victory against Michigan.

text: Michigan won the three games from 1938 to 1940. The 1940 game, won by Michigan, 40–0, was the benchmark performance of what some consider to be the greatest Michigan team in history, and was the final collegiate game of the legendary tailback tandem of Tom Harmon and Paul Kromer.

text: In 1941, Michigan and Ohio State met for the first time with each team ranked in the AP Poll, which had started in 1936. The 14th-ranked Buckeyes played the 5th-ranked Wolverines to a 20–20 tie in Ann Arbor.

text: In 1945, Michigan quarterback Howard Yerges led Michigan to a 7-3 victory over Ohio State. Yerges played for Ohio State in 1943 as a freshmen (freshmen were eligible to play during wartime) and then transferred to Michigan in 1944 making one of three players to play on both sides in the rivalry. Five more times during the 1940s, the teams were both ranked for their annual matchup. Michigan won five of the next seven games before playing to their second tie of the decade in 1949. The series record stood at 30–12–4 at the mid-century mark.

text: "Snow Bowl" and Woody Hayes (1950–68)[edit]

text: One of the more famous games in the rivalry is the 1950 contest, colloquially known as the Snow Bowl. Eighth-ranked Ohio State, coached by Wes Fesler, was scheduled to host the game on November 25 in Columbus amidst one of the worst blizzards on Ohio record. The Buckeyes, who led the Big Ten, were granted the option to cancel the game against Michigan, which would have, by default, given the Buckeyes the Big Ten title outright. Ohio State refused, and the game was set to be played. Amid howling snow and wind, in a famous example of a "field position" game, the teams exchanged 45 punts, often on first down, in hopes that the other team would fumble the ball near or into their own end zone. Ohio State's Vic Janowicz, who would claim the Heisman Trophy that year, punted 21 times for 685 yards and also kicked a field goal in the first quarter for the Buckeyes' only points. Michigan capitalized on two blocked punts, booting one out of the back of the end zone for a safety and recovering another one in the end zone for a touchdown just before halftime. Despite failing to gain a single first down or complete a single forward pass, Michigan gained a 9–3 victory, securing the Big Ten title and a Rose Bowl berth. Heavy criticism of Fesler's play calling led to his resignation and the hiring of Woody Hayes as his successor.

text: Between 1951 and 1968 under Hayes, the Buckeyes won 12 of 18 contests, including a 1957 victory in Michigan Stadium, the first game in the series attended by over 100,000 fans. In 1958, Ohio State had a 20–14 lead towards the end of the game. On the final play, Michigan fullback Gene Sisinyak ran the ball from the one-yard line for what might have been a game-winning touchdown, but Ohio State defensive tackle Dick Schafrath hit Sisinyak, forcing a fumble. In the 1968 game, Ohio State won 50–14, outscoring its foe 29–0 in the second half and attempting an unsuccessful two-point conversion attempt on its final touchdown. In the post-game interview Hayes was asked why he went for two points with an already insurmountable 50–14 lead and he replied, "because I couldn't go for three". The victory gave top-ranked Ohio State the Big Ten title for the first time in seven years en route to an AP national championship. The Buckeyes had also narrowed the series margin to 37–24–4.

text: "Ten-Year War": Hayes vs Schembechler (1969–78)[edit]

text: Wolverines coach Bump Elliott resigned after the 1968 loss and Michigan hired Miami (Ohio) head coach Bo Schembechler, who had previously been an assistant at Ohio State under Hayes, to revitalize its football program. On November 22, 1969, Hayes led his top-ranked Buckeyes into Michigan Stadium to face Schembechler's Wolverines in the first matchup between two coaches who would come to define the rivalry between the two programs. The Buckeyes brought a 22-game winning streak into Ann Arbor, but behind an inspiring 60-yard punt return by Barry Pierson that set up a Wolverine touchdown in the second quarter, and a defense that intercepted Ohio State six times (three by Pierson), the Wolverines won a defensive battle (both teams were scoreless in the second half) for a 24–12 upset.

text: The contest was the first in the famous "Ten-Year War" between Hayes and Schembechler, which pitted some of OSU's and UM's strongest teams against one another. Four times between 1970 and 1975, Ohio State and Michigan were both ranked in the top five of the AP Poll before their matchup. The Wolverines entered every game during those years undefeated and won only once, a 10–7 victory in Ann Arbor on November 20, 1971. The Michigan graduating class of 1975 shared or won the Big Ten championship every season, yet went to the Rose Bowl only once, in 1972. They only lost or tied with Ohio State during the regular season in that period.

text: In 1973, both teams entered undefeated, with the winner guaranteed a trip to the Rose Bowl. The rivals played to a 10–10 tie in Ann Arbor on November 24, and the athletic directors of the other Big Ten institutions were forced to vote on the Big Ten representative for the bowl game. In a secret ballot, Ohio State won the vote, to the outrage of Michigan athletic officials and fans. Schembechler argued that Michigan was robbed of its on-field achievements, and for months afterward, Ohio State newspapers were flooded with angry Wolverine letters and threats of lawsuits.

text: Woody coined the phrase "That state up north" and "That team up north", so he would not have to say the word "Michigan". He was famous for his intense hatred of all things Michigan and according to legend, once refused to get gas in an empty tank, saying: "No, goddammit! We do NOT pull in and fill up. And I'll tell you exactly why we don't. It's because I don't buy one goddam drop of gas in the state of Michigan! We'll coast and PUSH this goddam car to the Ohio line before I give this state a nickel of my money!"[15]

text: During the "Ten-Year War," Ohio State and Michigan shared the Big Ten title six times. Between 1976 and 1978, Michigan won the game each year, and Ohio State failed to score a touchdown in each of those contests. Woody Hayes was fired at the end of the 1978 season after punching an opposing player during the Gator Bowl, which ended the "War." The 1978 game was won by Michigan, 14–3, giving Schembechler a record of 5–4–1 against Hayes. At the end of the Hayes tenure, the series stood at 42–28–5.

text: Schembechler vs Bruce (1979–87)[edit]

text: Earle Bruce took over for Hayes and led the Buckeyes to a 5–4 record against Schembechler's Wolverines between 1979 and 1987, perhaps the most balanced stretch of the rivalry, during which neither team won more than two consecutive games. In 1987, Bruce was fired in the week before the Michigan game due to a poor season record, but was allowed to coach anyway, and the inspired Buckeyes (each wearing a sweatband labeled "Earle") won an upset over the heavily favored Wolverines. After the game, Bo Schembechler told Bruce, "I always mind losing to Ohio State but I didn't mind so much today."[16] After 1987, the series stood at 46–33–5 in favor of UM.

text: Michigan Domination (1988–2000)[edit]

text: The 13 games during John Cooper's tenure as Buckeye coach were dominated by Michigan, as the Wolverines went 10–2–1 during the stretch. Schembechler coached Michigan through the 1989 season and then turned over the reins to one of his assistants, Gary Moeller, who led the team for five seasons before another longtime Michigan assistant, Lloyd Carr, became the head coach in 1995.

text: The most notorious matchups of the era took place in 1993, 1995, and 1996, in which Ohio State entered the game each year undefeated. The Buckeyes had a 9–0–1 record heading into the 1993 game and were looking to claim an outright Big Ten title against a Michigan team that had already lost four times. Michigan receiver Mercury Hayes and running backs Jon Ritchie, Che Foster, and Ed Davis each scored a touchdown as the Wolverines shocked the Buckeyes, 28–0. After the game, Cooper said: "This is one of the most embarrassing games I've ever been involved with." "They outplayed us on offense, on defense, and in the kicking game. If you'd told me we would come up here and get beat 28–0, I'd have probably stayed home."[17]

text: In 1995, #2 Ohio State was led by eventual Heisman Trophy winner Eddie George and future National Football League (NFL) stars Orlando Pace, Terry Glenn, Mike Vrabel, Shawn Springs, and Rickey Dudley. Glenn insisted there wasn't anything special about the Wolverines: "Michigan's nothing," he said.[18] Perhaps inspired by this remark, the Wolverines manhandled the Buckeyes at the line of scrimmage from the very first play. Michigan senior running back Tim Biakabutuka amassed 313 yards rushing in Michigan's 31–23 upset.

text: The Buckeyes had high expectations again entering the 1996 contest. They boasted an unblemished 10–0 record and were ranked #2 in the nation as they entered the finale with 7–3 Michigan. When Ohio State jumped to a 9–0 halftime lead, the OSU crowd sensed a special finish and perhaps a rise to #1. The Wolverines' defense shut the Buckeyes out in the second half while Brian Griese replaced the struggling Scott Dreisbach and led Michigan to 13 unanswered points and another victory over their rivals, 13–9. The game would turn out to be the Buckeyes' only loss of the season and ended up costing them a chance of the national championship.

text: In 1997, Ohio State hoped to return the favor: the 10–0 Wolverines sat atop the AP Poll entering their matchup with the 10–1 Buckeyes, who were ranked #4. Spearheaded by the play of eventual Heisman winner Charles Woodson, who ran a punt back for a touchdown, intercepted a pass in the Ohio State end zone, and caught a 37-yard pass that set up freshman running back Anthony Thomas' touchdown run, the Wolverines prevailed, 20–14. The Wolverines then defeated Washington State in the Rose Bowl by a 21–16 score, winning their first national championship since 1948.

text: Ohio State came back with a win in the 1998 contest, but Michigan went on to win in 1999 and 2000. Senior quarterback Tom Brady hit sophomore receiver Marquise Walker for the game-winning touchdown pass with five minutes to go to for a 24–17 victory in 1999. In the 2000 game, Michigan grabbed a 31–12 lead and held on to win, 38–26. Michigan junior quarterback Drew Henson went 14 for 25 passing for 303 yards and three scores and added a touchdown run. At the end of the 2000 season, Cooper was fired. While he consistently fielded strong teams, his 2–10–1 record against Michigan, including his failure to ever win in Ann Arbor, was, along with disciplinary problems and a losing record in bowl games, a major contributor to his dismissal. Michigan students held a "John Cooper Day" celebration in Ann Arbor on February 10, 2001 in mock celebration of Cooper's record in the rivalry.[citation needed]

text: Enter Jim Tressel (2001–07)[edit]

text: In 2001, Youngstown State head football coach Jim Tressel took over as Buckeye head coach. Unlike his predecessor John Cooper, Tressel put a special emphasis on the rivalry. In his introductory speech at halftime of a January basketball game, against Michigan, he said "I can assure you that you will be proud of our young people, in the classroom, in the community, and most especially in 310 days in Ann Arbor, Michigan on the football field." In his first year, Tressel registered the Buckeyes' first defeat of the Wolverines in Ann Arbor in 14 years, by a 26–20 score. Led by senior running back Jonathan Wells, the Buckeyes raced to a 23–0 halftime lead. With Wells out, Michigan mounted a second half comeback that fell just short. The next year, Tressel achieved what Cooper could not: Beating Michigan in consecutive years with a 14–9 victory. The game was decided on the last play when defensive back Will Allen intercepted a pass at the two yard line as time expired to clinch the victory. The Buckeyes were led by freshman running back Maurice Clarett, who ran for 119 yards and one touchdown. He also had a key reception to set up Maurice Hall's game-winning score. The Buckeyes went on to win the national championship that season, as they defeated Miami in the Fiesta Bowl.

text: In 2003, Michigan struck back and won the 100th meeting between the historical rivals by a score of 35–21 in Ann Arbor. Senior running back Chris Perry, a Heisman finalist, had 154 yards rushing and two touchdowns to lead the Wolverines to the victory. Braylon Edwards contributed seven catches for 130 yards and two big touchdowns. The game's attendance was 112,118, the largest crowd ever for an NCAA football game at the time.[19] In 2004, the 6–4 Buckeyes defeated the heavily favored 9–1 Wolverines, 37–21, behind the leadership of quarterback Troy Smith and true freshman receiver Ted Ginn, Jr. The Buckeyes added another win in the 2005 game by overcoming a 21–12 deficit with less than eight minutes in the game. In the closing minutes of the game, the Buckeye offense scored two touchdowns to claim a 25–21 victory. Smith threw for 300 yards and completed 73% of his passes. Ginn had a game high nine catches for 89 yards.

text: 2006: No. 1 vs. No. 2[edit]

text:
Game of the Century (in 2006)

Michigan Wolverines
Ohio State Buckeyes

(11–0)
(11–0)

39
42

Head coach:
Lloyd Carr
Head coach:
Jim Tressel

AP
Coaches
BCS

2
2
2

AP
Coaches
BCS

1
1
1

1
2
3
4
Total

Michigan
7
7
10
15
39

Ohio State
7
21
7
7
42

Date
November 18, 2006

Season
2006

Stadium
Ohio Stadium

Location
Columbus, Ohio

text: On November 18, 2006, Ohio State and Michigan met for their annual showdown, each carrying an 11–0 record. For the first time in the history of the rivalry, the two rivals faced off while holding the top two spots in the Bowl Championship Series rankings. Ohio State won the game by a score of 42–39 and became the outright Big Ten champion, earning the right to play for a national championship at the BCS National Championship Game in Glendale, Arizona. Michigan struck first with a touchdown run by junior running back Mike Hart, but the Buckeyes then scored 21 unanswered points, and at halftime, they were up 28–14. Thanks to an interception and a fumble recovery by junior defensive tackle Alan Branch, Michigan made it 35–31 Ohio State with 14 minutes to go in the fourth quarter. But after appearing to have forced Ohio State into a fourth-down situation with six minutes to go, junior outside linebacker Shawn Crable was called for roughing the passer, giving the Buckeyes a fresh set of downs. Ohio State quarterback Troy Smith then passed to Brian Robiskie for a touchdown, increasing the Buckeyes' lead to 42–31 with five minutes remaining in the game. After Ohio State was called for pass interference on a failed fourth-down attempt, giving Michigan an automatic first down, junior quarterback Chad Henne found senior tight end Tyler Ecker for a 16-yard touchdown with two minutes to go to cut the OSU lead to 42–37. Senior wide receiver Steve Breaston caught the two-point conversion to bring the Wolverines within a field goal. Michigan needed to recover the ensuing onside kick, but they failed to do so. The Buckeyes ran out the clock for the victory, and a trip to the BCS national championship game. Troy Smith completed 71% of his passes for 316 yards and four touchdowns, essentially clinching the Heisman trophy. Ginn caught eight passes for 104 yards and a touchdown. Ohio State running back Antonio Pittman ran for 139 yards on 18 carries for a 7.7 yards-per-carry average. Michigan running back Mike Hart carried the ball 23 times for 142 yards and three touchdowns against a stout Buckeye defense. Chad Henne had 267 yards, two touchdowns, and no turnovers on a 60% completion percentage. Neither performance was, however, sufficient to turn the tide in favor of the Wolverines. The game was highly touted by ESPN/ABC (there was a game countdown clock for a week before kickoff) and was viewed by the largest television audience for a regular-season college football game since 1993, averaging 21.8 million viewers.[20] The victory marked the first time in 43 years that the Buckeyes had won three consecutive games in the series. The game gained even more significance when, on the eve of the meeting, Michigan head coach and former Ohio State assistant coach Bo Schembechler died. Schembechler was honored with a video tribute at Ohio Stadium as well as a moment of silence before kickoff.[21] Half an hour after the game ended, the Ohio Lottery PICK 4 evening drawing was 4–2–3–9, matching the final score of the game and paying out up to $5,000 per winner, for a total payout of $2.2 million.[22]

text: Following the game, there was a chance of a rematch in the 2007 BCS National Championship Game, but Florida was chosen over Michigan to be Ohio State's opponent.

text: Sea change at Michigan (2008–10)[edit]

text: Lloyd Carr retired as coach at Michigan following the 2007 season and another loss to Ohio State. Tressel had compiled a 6–1 record against Carr's Michigan teams, leaving Carr with a 6–7 career record against Ohio State. In December 2007, Michigan hired West Virginia head coach Rich Rodriguez to take over the football program. Rodriguez, known for his expertise in the spread offense, represented a significant departure from the Wolverines' traditional offensive style. Furthermore, both Carr and his predecessor Gary Moeller had been apprenticed by the now-legendary Schembechler, and Rodriguez's hiring marked the first time in 40 years that a Michigan football team would not be coached by a member of the "Schembechler school."

text: The 2008 game, Rodriguez's first against the Buckeyes, featured an Ohio State team that needed a win to secure at least a share of the Big Ten championship for the fourth straight year. Michigan by contrast entered the game with a 3–8 record, having already suffered more losses than in any other season in its history. The Buckeyes posted a 42–7 win, and scored their largest margin of victory over Michigan since 1968.

text: Ohio State won 21–10 in the 2009 game to extend their winning streak against Michigan to six games, their longest in the rivalry's history, and improve Jim Tressel's record versus Michigan to 8–1. Ohio State wore throwback uniforms to commemorate their 1954 national championship team. The 2009 meeting also saw Buckeye guard Justin Boren, who had transferred to Ohio State from Michigan in 2008, become the third player in school history to play for both teams (J. T. White and Howard Yerges, Jr. being the others)[23] and only the second to play for both teams in the rivalry game. In 2010, Ohio State again prevailed, 37–7.[24]

text: A carousel of coaches (2011–present)[edit]

text: Rodriguez was fired following Michigan's 2010 season, ending Michigan's flirtation with the spread—and with non-"Michigan Man" coaches. Rodriguez was succeeded by Brady Hoke, who served as Michigan's defensive line coach from 1995 to 2002. Hoke held head coaching positions at Ball State from 2003 to 2008 and San Diego State from 2009 to 2010 before returning to Michigan. Meanwhile, in Columbus, the Ohio State football program came under NCAA investigation in early 2011 for an incident in which several prominent players were discovered to have traded memorabilia for tattoos. Evidence surfaced that Tressel had known about the situation but had not reported it to school compliance officials, and that the abuses were more widespread and longstanding than originally reported.[25] On May 30, 2011, Tressel resigned as head coach and former Buckeye player and assistant coach Luke Fickell was appointed interim head coach for the 2011 season. In July 2011, in response to the ongoing NCAA investigation, Ohio State vacated all wins from the 2010 season, including the win over Michigan, leaving Tressel with a final record against Michigan of 8–1, with a win streak of six.[1]

text: Michigan won the 2011 meeting, 40–34, which was the first between two first-year coaches since the 1929 match-up of Harry Kipke and Sam Willaman. The Wolverines were led by junior quarterback Denard Robinson who accounted for 337 total yards rushing and passing, and five touchdowns.

text: On November 28, 2011, Urban Meyer, who had served as an assistant at Ohio State from 1986 to 1987, was named the 24th head coach for the Buckeyes, replacing Fickell.[26] In the 2012 matchup, OSU's junior running back Carlos Hyde ran for 146 yards and the fourth-ranked Buckeyes, trailing at halftime, shut down No. 20 Michigan's offense in the second half to prevail 26–21 and cap a 12–0 season.[27]

text: In 2013, Ohio State came to Michigan Stadium with an 11–0 record (7–0 Big Ten) and ranked #3 in the BCS standings. Michigan was a disappointing 7–4 (3–4 Big Ten). In spite of the seeming mismatch, the game remained close and with 32 seconds remaining Michigan scored to bring the score to 42–41. Michigan attempted a two-point conversion for the lead, but Devin Gardner's pass was intercepted in the end zone by Tyvis Powell, and Ohio State escaped with the win.

text: Michigan entered the 2014 contest with a 5–6 record and needed a win against Ohio State to become bowl eligible. Ohio State had a 10–1 record (7–0 in the Big Ten), and was holding onto hope that they would be selected as one of the top four teams in the nation and gain a spot in the first ever College Football Playoff. The game was tied at 21 until the fourth quarter when Ohio State scored three touchdowns (two on offense and one on defense) to go up 42–21. The Game ended 42–28. During the contest, OSU quarterback J. T. Barrett suffered a broken ankle and left the game in favor of third-string sophomore quarterback, Cardale Jones. Ohio State would go on to win the inaugural College Football Playoff and national championship.

text: Three days after the game, Michigan head coach Brady Hoke was fired and Michigan began searching for Hoke's successor. On December 30, 2014, Jim Harbaugh, former quarterback for Michigan from 1983 to 1986, was introduced by the University of Michigan as the school's new head football coach.

text: The 2015 game, in Ann Arbor, marked Jim Harbaugh's first game as a head coach in the rivalry. His Michigan team was 9–2 coming into the game and Ohio State was 10–1. For the first time since 2006, both teams were ranked in the top 10, with Ohio State at #8 and Michigan at #10.[28] The first half was close, with Michigan scoring a touchdown shortly before halftime to narrow Ohio State's lead to 14–10. Ohio State, however, scored touchdowns on each of its first 4 possessions in the second half, while Michigan could only muster a single field goal. The final score was 42–13, in favor of Ohio State.

text: The 2016 game pitted the third-ranked Wolverines against the second-ranked Buckeyes, only the second time that the matchup featured programs both ranked in the nation's top three. Michigan led 10–7 at halftime and extended its lead to 17–7 early in the third quarter. An Ohio State touchdown cut the deficit to 17–14 heading to the fourth quarter. The Buckeyes kicked a field goal in the final seconds of regulation to tie the game and force overtime. The game marked the first overtime in the series between the two teams. Ohio State defeated Michigan for the fifth consecutive time, winning, 30–27, in double overtime.

text: Big Ten expansion[edit]

text: In 2010, the Big Ten Conference announced that the University of Nebraska would be joining the Big Ten the following year, and that the Big Ten would be split into two divisions. When rumors surfaced that Ohio State and Michigan would be placed in different divisions, concerns arose that the teams might no longer play the last game of the regular season to avoid potential back-to-back games if each team won their division and earned the right to play in the Big Ten Championship Game. Fans bombarded the athletic directors of both schools, as well as the Big Ten commissioner with emails, creating pressure to keep The Game as the regular season finale. Ultimately, Michigan was placed in the Legends Division and Ohio State in the Leaders Division. The Michigan–Ohio State game became a "protected crossover" game, to be played every year at the end of the regular season.

text: The game became a division matchup in 2014 under the Big Ten's geographical realignment. Michigan and Ohio State were both placed in the East Division.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: During the mid-2000s, ESPN aired several commercials describing certain situations that would be "normal, if it wasn't for sports". One commercial featured a man in an Ohio State shirt making out with a woman wearing a Michigan shirt.[29] An ESPNU commercial air portrayed a couple on a blind date that appears to be successful until it becomes clear that she is from Michigan and he is a fan of Ohio State.[30]

text: In 2006, as part of their "Midwest Midterm Midtacular", The Daily Show visited Ohio State University and made fun of the rivalry on the final night by having correspondent Rob Riggle report while wearing a Michigan sweatshirt. This brought boos, jeers, and a few laughs from the OSU audience. After the sketch was over, Jon Stewart compared the rivalry to the disputes between Sunni and Shiite Muslims.[31]

text: The 2007 HBO documentary Michigan vs. Ohio State: The Rivalry focused on the rivalry, chiefly the "Ten-Year War" through the present.[32]

text: The book Myth Directions by Robert Asprin, who attended Michigan, features a thinly veiled version of the Ohio State vs. Michigan game, parodying both sides and their fanaticism regarding the event.

text: The 1942 movie The Male Animal, based on a play of the same name by Ohio State alumni James Thurber and Elliott Nugent, also features a version of the game.

text: In 2011, 10-year-old Grant Reed of Columbus was diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor. Not liking to use the word "cancer", Reed (whose parents are both Ohio State alums and himself is an Ohio State fan) decided to call his cancer "Michigan", since "Ohio State is always going to beat Michigan". The move of calling his cancer "Michigan" got the support of his parents, Ohio State head coach Urban Meyer (who Reed later got to meet), and even some Michigan fans, including Michigan head coach Brady Hoke.[33] After his last chemotherapy treatment in 2013 which placed him in remission, Reed now tells people that he "beat Michigan".[34]

text: Accomplishments by the two rivals[edit]

text:
Team
Michigan[35]
Ohio State[36]

National titles[37]
11
8

Bowl appearances[38][39]
45
47[n 1]

CFP appearances
0
2

Postseason bowl record
21–24
22–25[n 1]

Rose Bowl appearances
20
14

Rose Bowl wins
8
7

Big Ten Division titles[40]
0
5

Big Ten titles
42
35[n 1]

Consensus All-Americans[41][42]
81
83

Heisman Trophies[43]
3
7

All-time program record
935–334–36
886–322–53[n 1]

All-time win percentage
.730
.724[n 1]

text: Game results[edit]

text: Rankings are from the AP Poll.[n 1]

text:
Michigan victories
Ohio State victories
Ties
Vacated wins

text:
No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

1
1897
Ann Arbor
Michigan
34–0

2
1900
Ann Arbor
Tie
0–0

3
1901
Columbus
Michigan
21–0

4
1902
Ann Arbor
Michigan
86–0

5
1903
Ann Arbor
Michigan
36–0

6
1904
Columbus
Michigan
31–6

7
1905
Ann Arbor
Michigan
40–0

8
1906
Columbus
Michigan
6–0

9
1907
Ann Arbor
Michigan
22–0

10
1908
Columbus
Michigan
10–6

11
1909
Ann Arbor
Michigan
33–6

12
1910
Columbus
Tie
3–3

13
1911
Ann Arbor
Michigan
19–0

14
1912
Columbus
Michigan
14–0

15
1918
Columbus
Michigan
14–0

16
1919
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
13–3

17
1920
Columbus
Ohio State
14–7

18
1921
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
14–0

19
1922
Columbus
Michigan
19–0

20
1923
Ann Arbor
Michigan
23–0

21
1924
Columbus
Michigan
16–6

22
1925
Ann Arbor
Michigan
10–0

23
1926
Columbus
Michigan
17–16

24
1927
Ann Arbor
Michigan
21–0

25
1928
Columbus
Ohio State
19–7

26
1929
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
7–0

27
1930
Columbus
Michigan
13–0

28
1931
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
7–0

29
1932
Columbus
Michigan
14–10

30
1933
Ann Arbor
Michigan
13–0

31
1934
Columbus
Ohio State
34–0

32
1935
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
38–0

33
1936
Columbus
Ohio State (#18)
21–0

34
1937
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#19)
21–0

35
1938
Columbus
Michigan (#17)
18–0

36
1939
Ann Arbor
Michigan
21–14

37
1940
Columbus
Michigan (#7)
40–0

38
1941
Ann Arbor
Tie
20–20

39
1942
Columbus
Ohio State (#5)
21–7

40
1943
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#4)
45–7

41
1944
Columbus
Ohio State (#3)
18–14

42
1945
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#8)
7–3

43
1946
Columbus
Michigan (#8)
58–6

44
1947
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#1)
21–0

45
1948
Columbus
Michigan (#1)
13–3

46
1949
Ann Arbor
Tie
7–7

47
1950
Columbus
Michigan
9–3

48
1951
Ann Arbor
Michigan
7–0

49
1952
Columbus
Ohio State
27–7

50
1953
Ann Arbor
Michigan
20–0

51
1954
Columbus
Ohio State (#1)
21–7

52
1955
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#9)
17–0

53
1956
Columbus
Michigan (#9)
19–0

54
1957
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#3)
31–14

55
1958
Columbus
Ohio State (#11)
20–14

56
1959
Ann Arbor
Michigan
23–14

57
1960
Columbus
Ohio State (#10)
7–0

58
1961
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#2)
50–20

No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

59
1962
Columbus
Ohio State
28–0

60
1963
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
14–10

61
1964
Columbus
Michigan (#6)
10–0

62
1965
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
9–7

63
1966
Columbus
Michigan
17–3

64
1967
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
24–14

65
1968
Columbus
Ohio State (#2)
50–14

66
1969
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#12)
24–12

67
1970
Columbus
Ohio State (#5)
20–9

68
1971
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#3)
10–7

69
1972
Columbus
Ohio State (#9)
14–11

70
1973
Ann Arbor
Tie
10–10

71
1974
Columbus
Ohio State (#4)
12–10

72
1975
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#1)
21–14

73
1976
Columbus
Michigan (#4)
22–0

74
1977
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#5)
14–6

75
1978
Columbus
Michigan (#6)
14–3

76
1979
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#2)
18–15

77
1980
Columbus
Michigan (#10)
9–3

78
1981
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
14–9

79
1982
Columbus
Ohio State
24–14

80
1983
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#8)
24–21

81
1984
Columbus
Ohio State (#11)
21–6

82
1985
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#6)
27–17

83
1986
Columbus
Michigan (#6)
26–24

84
1987
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
23–20

85
1988
Columbus
Michigan (#12)
34–31

86
1989
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#3)
28–18

87
1990
Columbus
Michigan (#15)
16–13

88
1991
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#4)
31–3

89
1992
Columbus
Tie
13–13

90
1993
Ann Arbor
Michigan
28–0

91
1994
Columbus
Ohio State (#22)
22–6

92
1995
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#18)
31–23

93
1996
Columbus
Michigan (#21)
13–9

94
1997
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#1)
20–14

95
1998
Columbus
Ohio State (#7)
31–16

96
1999
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#10)
24–17

97
2000
Columbus
Michigan (#19)
38–26

98
2001
Ann Arbor
Ohio State
26–20

99
2002
Columbus
Ohio State (#2)
14–9

100
2003
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#5)
35–21

101
2004
Columbus
Ohio State
37–21

102
2005
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#9)
25–21

103
2006
Columbus
Ohio State (#1)
42–39

104
2007
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#7)
14–3

105
2008
Columbus
Ohio State (#10)
42–7

106
2009
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#9)
21–10

107
2010[1]
Columbus
Ohio State (#12)
37–7

108
2011
Ann Arbor
Michigan (#15)
40–34

109
2012
Columbus
Ohio State (#4)
26–21

110
2013
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#3)
42–41

111
2014
Columbus
Ohio State (#6)
42–28

112
2015
Ann Arbor
Ohio State (#8)
42–13

113
2016
Columbus
Ohio State (#2)
30–272OT

114
2017
Ann Arbor

Series: Michigan leads 58–48–6

text: Big Ten games[edit]

text: In Big Ten Conference play, Ohio State leads the series 48–46–4 through the 2016 meeting.[44][45] Michigan was a charter member of the Big Ten in 1896 before leaving the league after the 1906 football season. Ohio State began league play with the 1913 season, and Michigan returned for the 1917 season.[46] The 1918 matchup between the two schools was the first between them with both as Big Ten members.

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Ohio State has vacated all 12 of its victories and its Big Ten Conference championship from the 2010 season. These 12 wins are not included in Ohio State's all-time record, nor is the 2010 Michigan–Ohio State contest counted in the series record between the two teams.[1][2] See Wikipedia:WikiProject College football/Vacated victories for an explanation of how vacated victories are recorded.[3][4][5]

tag: ol


document_title: Murder on the Orient Express (2017 film)

question_text: who plays poirot in the new orient express

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1934, famous Belgian detective Hercule Poirot solves a theft at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem. The obsessive-compulsive—who seeks balance in life, and considers his case-solving ability to see a lie amid truth to be a curse — wants to rest in Istanbul, but must return to London for another case. His friend Bouc, director of the Simplon-route Orient Express service, arranges a bunk for him aboard the train.

text: Unscrupulous businessman Edward Ratchett offers to hire Poirot as his bodyguard during the three-day journey, having received threatening letters from an unknown party, but Poirot refuses. That night, Poirot hears strange noises coming from Ratchett's compartment, and later sees someone in a red kimono running down the hallway. An avalanche derails the train's engine, stranding the passengers.

text: The next morning, Poirot discovers Ratchett was murdered during the night after having been stabbed a dozen times. Poirot and Bouc investigate the other passengers as repairs begin. Evidence indicates that Ratchett was murdered by one person, and Caroline Hubbard, a fellow passenger, claims that a man had been in her compartment in the night. Poirot discovers a partially burned note connecting Ratchett to the kidnapping of Daisy Armstrong, a child who was abducted from her bedroom and held for ransom. Though the family paid the ransom, Daisy was murdered nonetheless. Ratchett's true identity is revealed: he was John Cassetti, Daisy's kidnapper and murderer. The shock of her death caused her mother Sonia to die after giving premature birth to a stillborn baby; her father, Colonel John Armstrong, then committed suicide. The family's nursemaid Susanne was wrongly suspected of complicity, leading to her being arrested and subsequent suicide in police custody, only to be found innocent afterward.

text: More evidence is found, including a bloodstained handkerchief, and, in Mrs. Hubbard's compartment, the button of a conductor's uniform. The uniform is later found, as is the red kimono — in Poirot's own suitcase. Hubbard is suddenly stabbed in the back; she survives but cannot identify the culprit. Poirot discovers many of the passengers have direct connections to the Armstrong family and uncovers their hidden pasts. While interviewing governess Mary Debenham, Poirot is shot in the shoulder by Doctor John Arbuthnot, who claims responsibility for the murder, but Bouc stops him from killing Poirot. Poirot realizes that Arbuthnot — a medical doctor and former army sniper — never meant to kill him.

text: Poirot confronts the suspects outside the train, offering two theories of how Cassetti died. The first is simple but does not meet all of the facts: A murderer disguised as a conductor boarded the train at a previous stop, murdered Cassetti, and fled at the stop as the train left. The second is more complex: with every single suspect connected to the Armstrongs, Susanne, or her trial in some way, they all had a motive against Cassetti. Poirot predicts that they acted together. Hubbard is revealed to be Linda Arden, a former stage actress and aspiring director, and Sonia Armstrong's mother.

text: Hubbard confirms the latter, admitting that she planned the murder and had recruited everyone else to help her. All the other passengers and the Conductor, Pierre Michel (Susanne's brother), took turns stabbing Cassetti. Mary wore the kimono, and Arbuthnot stabbed Hubbard without endangering her life, to convince Poirot of a lone killer. Poirot challenges the passengers and Michel to shoot him with a confiscated gun since he is the only one who can expose their plot; Bouc can lie, but Poirot, obsessed with truth and balance, cannot. Hubbard grabs the gun and tries to kill herself, but it is not loaded; Poirot wanted to see how the suspects would react.

text: With the train back on track, Poirot concludes that justice is impossible in this case, as Cassetti deserved death; for the first time, Poirot will have to live with a lie and imbalance. He presents the lone killer theory to the Yugoslavian police, allowing the others to leave on the train. As he disembarks, a British Army messenger asks him to investigate a death on the Nile. Poirot accepts the case.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Bateman as Bouc
Kenneth Branagh as Hercule Poirot
Penélope Cruz as Pilar Estravados
Willem Dafoe as Gerhard Hardman
Judi Dench as Princess Dragomiroff
Johnny Depp as Edward Ratchett
Josh Gad as Hector MacQueen
Derek Jacobi as Edward Henry Masterman
Leslie Odom Jr. as Dr. Arbuthnot
Michelle Pfeiffer as Caroline Hubbard
Daisy Ridley as Miss Mary Debenham
Marwan Kenzari as Pierre Michel
Olivia Colman as Hildegarde Schmidt
Lucy Boynton as Countess Elena Andrenyi
Manuel Garcia-Rulfo as Biniamino Marquez
Sergei Polunin as Count Rudolph Andrenyi

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: 20th Century Fox announced the project in December 2013.[8] Michael Green wrote the screenplay for a new film adaptation of Murder on the Orient Express. On June 16, 2015, it was reported Fox was in talks with Kenneth Branagh to direct.[9] On November 20, 2015, it was announced that Branagh would both direct the film and star in the role of detective Hercule Poirot.[10] He later said that he "enjoyed finding the sort of obsessive-compulsive in [Poirot] rather than the dandy."[11]

text: Principal photography on the film began on November 22, 2016, in the United Kingdom,[12][13] and concluded in May 2017. It used some of the same 65mm film cameras as Christopher Nolan's Dunkirk, which Branagh had acted in shortly before the production.[14] The two were among the very few to be shot on 65mm film since Branagh's Hamlet in 1996, and the only ones released in 2017.[1][2] While in post-production, Branagh "was Skyped in from thousands of miles away" to watch Pfeiffer record an original song called "Never Forget" for the film's finale. "As soon as we added it on to the end of the film, it joined seamlessly and gave a moment of reflection and consideration that the film needed and wanted," said Branagh.[15]

text: Release[edit]

text: A first look at the film and cast was released on May 3, 2017, in an exclusive article by Entertainment Weekly.[16]

text: Murder on the Orient Express was released in the United Kingdom on November 3, 2017 and in the United States on November 10, 2017, by 20th Century Fox.[17] The film was released on Digital HD on February 20, 2018, and on Ultra HD Blu-ray, DVD and Blu-ray on February 27, 2018.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Murder on the Orient Express grossed $102.8 million in the United States and Canada, and $249 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $351.8 million, against a production budget of $55 million.[5]

text: In the United States and Canada, Murder on the Orient Express was released alongside Daddy's Home 2, and was projected to gross around $20 million from 3,341 theaters in its opening weekend.[18] The film made $10.9 million on its first day, including $1.6 million from Thursday night previews at 2,775 theaters. It ended up grossing $28.7 million, finishing third at the box office, behind holdover Thor: Ragnarok, and Daddy's Home 2. 51% of the film's opening weekend audience was over the age of 35.[19] In its second weekend, the film took in $13.8 million (a drop of 51.9%), finishing fifth, behind Justice League, Wonder, Thor: Ragnarok and Daddy's Home 2.[20]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 57%, based on 241 reviews, with an average rating of 6.1/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Stylish production and an all-star ensemble keep this Murder on the Orient Express from running off the rails, even if it never quite builds up to its classic predecessor's illustrious head of steam."[21] On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 52 out of 100, based on 45 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[22] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[19]

text: Leah Greenblatt of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B+, calling it "a lushly old-fashioned adaptation wrapped in a veritable turducken of pearls, monocles, and international movie stars."[23] Blake Goble of Consequence of Sound said, "Handsomely staged, exceptionally well-cast, and reasonably faithful, Branagh has revived Murder on the Orient Express in a highly pleasing fashion."[24] Trace Thurman of Bloody Disgusting gave the film three and a half skulls and said, "For those looking for an involving murder mystery that is respectful of its source material and filled with an all-star cast, look no further than Murder on the Orient Express."[25] Matt Goldberg of Collider gave the film a B−, calling it a "handsomely crafted production," albeit one that "falls apart at the climax of the film."[26] Josephine Livingstone of The New Republic praised the film's "stylized gorgeousness," but wrote that Branagh's change of "Poirot's fussiness ... into obsessive compulsive tendencies" was "less distinct and, ultimately, less interesting".[27]

text: On the negative side, Matthew Jacobs of The Huffington Post was impressed by the cast, but ultimately felt "Agatha Christie's whodunit has no steam."[28] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone found that there were many dull moments and that the film was a needless remake.[29] Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film two and a half stars, and stated that he felt it focused too much on Poirot to the detriment of the other characters, adding, "Never let it be said the director misses an opportunity to place his star front and center, unfortunately relegating just about everyone else in the obligatory International All-Star Cast to a paper-thin character with one or at most two defining personality traits."[30] Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club rated the film a C+ and complained that Branagh's "erratic direction—more interested in cut glass and overhead shots than in suspicions and uncertainties—bungles both the perfect puzzle logic of the crime and its devious solution."[31] Christopher Orr of The Atlantic said the film was "visually sumptuous yet otherwise inert" and summed up, "Murder on the Orient Express is not a bad movie per se, merely one that feels self-indulgent and thoroughly unnecessary."[32]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref(s)

Alliance of Women Film Journalists

January 9, 2018

Remake or Sequel That Shouldn't Have Been Made

Murder on the Orient Express

Nominated

[33]

Art Directors Guild Awards

January 27, 2018

Excellence in Production Design for a Period Film

Jim Clay

Nominated

[34]

Costume Designers Guild

February 20, 2018

Excellence in Period Film

Alexandra Byrne

Nominated

[35]

Critics' Choice Awards

January 11, 2018

Best Production Design

Jim Clay and Rebecca Alleway

Nominated

[36][37]

Empire Awards

March 18, 2018

Best Make-up and Hairstyling

Murder on the Orient Express

Nominated

[38][39]

Houston Film Critics Society

December 12, 2017

Best Original Song

"Never Forget"

Nominated

[40]

Las Vegas Film Critics Society

December 18, 2017

Best Costume Design

Alexandra Byrne

Runner-up

[41]

London Film Critics Circle

January 28, 2017

British/Irish Actress of the Year

Judi Dench (also for Victoria & Abdul)

Nominated

[42]

Phoenix Critics Circle

December 15, 2017

Best Mystery or Thriller Film

Murder on the Orient Express

Nominated

[43]

Phoenix Film Critics Society

December 19, 2017

Best Original Score

Patrick Doyle

Nominated

[44]

Best Costume Design

Alexandra Byrne

Nominated

Best Production Design

Jim Clay

Nominated

Satellite Awards

February 11, 2018

Best Costume Design

Alexandra Byrne

Nominated

[45]

Saturn Awards

June 27, 2018

Best Thriller Film

Murder on the Orient Express

Nominated

[46]

Seattle Film Critics Society

December 18, 2017

Best Production Design

Jim Clay and Rebecca Alleway

Nominated

[47]

Teen Choice Awards

August 12, 2018

Choice Drama

Murder on the Orient Express

Nominated

[48]

Choice Drama Actor

Leslie Odom Jr.

Nominated

Choice Drama Actress

Daisy Ridley

Nominated

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In 2015, Christie's great-grandson James Prichard, Chairman of Agatha Christie Ltd., expressed enthusiasm for sequels, citing the positive collaboration with Branagh and the production team.[10] In May 2017, Branagh expressed interest in further installments if the film were successful.[49] On November 20, 2017, 20th Century Fox announced that a sequel, based on the 1937 novel Death on the Nile, was in active development, with Michael Green, screenwriter of the first film, returning to write the screenplay. Branagh will again be both director and star.[50]

text: In an interview with Associated Press in December 2017, Branagh discussed developing an adaptation of Death on the Nile with the possibility of even more films to follow, potentially creating a new "cinematic universe" of Poirot films:[51]

text: "I think there are possibilities, aren't there? With 66 books and short stories and plays, she — and she often brings people together in her own books actually, so innately — she enjoyed that," he says. "You feel as though there is a world — just like with Dickens, there's a complete world that she's created — certain kinds of characters who live in her world — that I think has real possibilities."[51]

text: In February 2018, Fox scheduled Death on the Nile for release on November 8, 2019 with Branagh officially signed on to direct and star.[52] However, in June 2018, the film was pushed back to December 20, 2019.[53]


document_title: Market failure

question_text: what are the causes of market failure in economics

text: Market failure

text: Categories[edit]

text: Different economists have different views about what events are the sources of market failure. Mainstream economic analysis widely accepts a market failure (relative to Pareto efficiency) can occur for three main reasons: if the market is "monopolised" or a small group of businesses hold significant market power, if production of the good or service results in an externality, or if the good or service is a "public good".[15]

text: The nature of the market[edit]

text: Agents in a market can gain market power, allowing them to block other mutually beneficial gains from trade from occurring. This can lead to inefficiency due to imperfect competition, which can take many different forms, such as monopolies,[16] monopsonies, or monopolistic competition, if the agent does not implement perfect price discrimination.

text: It is then a further question about what circumstances allow a monopoly to arise. In some cases, monopolies can maintain themselves where there are "barriers to entry" that prevent other companies from effectively entering and competing in an industry or market. Or there could exist significant first-mover advantages in the market that make it difficult for other firms to compete. In another way, a natural monopoly is an extreme case of the failure of competition as a restraint on producers. A natural monopoly is a firm whose per-unit cost decreases as it increases output; in this situation it is most efficient (from a cost perspective) to have only a single producer of a good.

text: The nature of the goods[edit]

text: Non-excludability[edit]

text: Some markets can fail due to the nature of the goods being exchanged. For instance, goods can display the attributes of public goods[16] or common goods, wherein sellers are unable to exclude non-buyers from using a product, as in the development of inventions that may spread freely once revealed. This can cause underinvestment because developers cannot capture enough of the benefits from success to make the development effort worthwhile. This can also lead to resource depletion in the case of common-pool resources, where, because use of the resource is rival but non-excludable, there is no incentive for users to conserve the resource. An example of this is a lake with a natural supply of fish: if people catch the fish faster than they can reproduce, then the fish population will dwindle until there are no fish left for future generations.

text: Externalities[edit]

text: A good or service could also have significant externalities,[7][16] where gains or losses associated with the product, production or consumption of a product because it differs from the private cost. These externalities can be innate to the methods of production or other conditions important to the market.[2]

text: Traffic congestion is an example of market failure that incorporates both non-excludability and externality. Public roads are common resources that are available for the entire population's use (non-excludable), and act as a complement to cars (the more roads there are, the more useful cars become). Because there is very low cost but high benefit to individual drivers in using the roads, the roads become congested, decreasing their usefulness to society. Furthermore, driving can impose hidden costs on society through pollution (externality). Solutions for this include public transportation, congestion pricing, tolls, and other ways of making the driver include the social cost in the decision to drive.[2]

text: Perhaps the best example of the inefficiency associated with common/public goods and externalities is the environmental harm caused by pollution and overexploitation of natural resources.[2]

text: The nature of the exchange[edit]

text: Some markets can fail due to the nature of their exchange. Markets may have significant transaction costs, agency problems, or informational asymmetry.[2][16] Such incomplete markets may result in economic inefficiency but also a possibility of improving efficiency through market, legal, and regulatory remedies. From contract theory, decisions in transactions where one party has more or better information than the other is an asymmetry. This creates an imbalance of power in transactions which can sometimes cause the transactions to go awry. Examples of this problem are adverse selection and moral hazard. Most commonly, information asymmetries are studied in the context of principal–agent problems. George Akerlof, Michael Spence, and Joseph E. Stiglitz developed the idea and shared the 2001 Nobel Prize in Economics.[17]

text: Bounded rationality[edit]

text: In Models of Man, Herbert A. Simon points out that most people are only partly rational, and are emotional/irrational in the remaining part of their actions. In another work, he states "boundedly rational agents experience limits in formulating and solving complex problems and in processing (receiving, storing, retrieving, transmitting) information" (Williamson, p. 553, citing Simon). Simon describes a number of dimensions along which "classical" models of rationality can be made somewhat more realistic, while sticking within the vein of fairly rigorous formalization. These include:

text:
limiting what sorts of utility functions there might be.
recognizing the costs of gathering and processing information.
the possibility of having a "vector" or "multi-valued" utility function.

text: Simon suggests that economic agents employ the use of heuristics to make decisions rather than a strict rigid rule of optimization. They do this because of the complexity of the situation, and their inability to process and compute the expected utility of every alternative action. Deliberation costs might be high and there are often other, concurrent economic activities also requiring decisions.

text: Coase theorem[edit]

text: The Coase theorem, developed by Ronald Coase and labeled as such by George Stigler, states that private transactions are efficient as long as property rights exist, only a small number of parties are involved, and transactions costs are low. Additionally, this efficiency will take place regardless of who owns the property rights. This theory comes from a section of Coase's Nobel prize-winning work The Problem of Social Cost. While the assumptions of low transactions costs and a small number of parties involved may not always be applicable in real-world markets, Coase's work changed the long-held belief that the owner of property rights was a major determining factor in whether or not a market would fail.[18]

text: A market is an institution in which individuals or firms exchange not just commodities, but the rights to use them in particular ways for particular amounts of time. [...] Markets are institutions which organize the exchange of control of commodities, where the nature of the control is defined by the property rights attached to the commodities.[10]

text: As a result, agents' control over the uses of their commodities can be imperfect, because the system of rights which defines that control is incomplete. Typically, this falls into two generalized rights – excludability and transferability. Excludability deals with the ability of agents to control who uses their commodity, and for how long – and the related costs associated with doing so. Transferability reflects the right of agents to transfer the rights of use from one agent to another, for instance by selling or leasing a commodity, and the costs associated with doing so. If a given system of rights does not fully guarantee these at minimal (or no) cost, then the resulting distribution can be inefficient.[10] Considerations such as these form an important part of the work of institutional economics.[19] Nonetheless, views still differ on whether something displaying these attributes is meaningful without the information provided by the market price system.[20]

text: Interpretations and policy examples[edit]

text: The above causes represent the mainstream view of what market failures mean and of their importance in the economy. This analysis follows the lead of the neoclassical school, and relies on the notion of Pareto efficiency[21] – and specifically considers market failures absent considerations of the "public interest", or equity, citing definitional concerns.[11] This form of analysis has also been adopted by the Keynesian or new Keynesian schools in modern macroeconomics, applying it to Walrasian models of general equilibrium in order to deal with failures to attain full employment, or the non-adjustment of prices and wages.

text: Policies to prevent market failure are already commonly implemented in the economy. For example, to prevent information asymmetry, members of the New York Stock Exchange agree to abide by its rules in order to promote a fair and orderly market in the trading of listed securities. The members of the NYSE presumably believe that each member is individually better off if every member adheres to its rules – even if they have to forego money-making opportunities that would violate those rules.

text: As an example of externalities, municipal governments enforce building codes and license tradesmen to mitigate the incentive to use cheaper (but more dangerous) construction practices, ensuring that the total cost of new construction includes the (otherwise external) cost of preventing future tragedies. The voters who elect municipal officials presumably feel that they are individually better off if everyone complies with the local codes, even if those codes may increase the cost of construction in their communities.

text: CITES is an international treaty to protect the world's common interest in preserving endangered species – a classic "public good" – against the private interests of poachers, developers and other market participants who might otherwise reap monetary benefits without bearing the known and unknown costs that extinction could create. Even without knowing the true cost of extinction, the signatory countries believe that the societal costs far outweigh the possible private gains that they have agreed to forego.

text: Some remedies for market failure can resemble other market failures. For example, the issue of systematic underinvestment in research is addressed by the patent system that creates artificial monopolies for successful inventions.

text: Objections[edit]

text: Public choice[edit]

text: Economists such as Milton Friedman from the Chicago school and others from the Public Choice school, argue[citation needed] that market failure does not necessarily imply that government should attempt to solve market failures, because the costs of government failure might be worse than those of the market failure it attempts to fix. This failure of government is seen as the result of the inherent problems of democracy and other forms of government perceived by this school and also of the power of special-interest groups (rent seekers) both in the private sector and in the government bureaucracy. Conditions that many would regard as negative are often seen as an effect of subversion of the free market by coercive government intervention. Beyond philosophical objections, a further issue is the practical difficulty that any single decision maker may face in trying to understand (and perhaps predict) the numerous interactions that occur between producers and consumers in any market.

text: Austrian[edit]

text: Some advocates of laissez-faire capitalism, including many economists of the Austrian School, argue that there is no such phenomenon as "market failure". Israel Kirzner states that, "Efficiency for a social system means the efficiency with which it permits its individual members to achieve their individual goals."[22] Inefficiency only arises when means are chosen by individuals that are inconsistent with their desired goals.[23] This definition of efficiency differs from that of Pareto efficiency, and forms the basis of the theoretical argument against the existence of market failures. However, providing that the conditions of the first welfare theorem are met, these two definitions agree, and give identical results. Austrians argue that the market tends to eliminate its inefficiencies through the process of entrepreneurship driven by the profit motive; something the government has great difficulty detecting, or correcting.[24]

text: Marxian[edit]

text: Objections also exist on more fundamental bases, such as that of equity, or Marxian analysis. Colloquial uses of the term "market failure" reflect the notion of a market "failing" to provide some desired attribute different from efficiency – for instance, high levels of inequality can be considered a "market failure", yet are not Pareto inefficient, and so would not be considered a market failure by mainstream economics.[2] In addition, many Marxian economists would argue that the system of individual property rights is a fundamental problem in itself, and that resources should be allocated in another way entirely. This is different from concepts of "market failure" which focuses on specific situations – typically seen as "abnormal" – where markets have inefficient outcomes. Marxists, in contrast, would say that markets have inefficient and democratically unwanted outcomes – viewing market failure as an inherent feature of any capitalist economy – and typically omit it from discussion, preferring to ration finite goods not exclusively through a price mechanism, but based upon need as determined by society expressed through the community.

text: Ecological[edit]

text: In ecological economics, the concept of externalities is considered a misnomer, since market agents are viewed as making their incomes and profits by systematically 'shifting' the social and ecological costs of their activities onto other agents, including future generations. Hence, externalities is a modus operandi of the market, not a failure: The market cannot exist without constantly 'failing'.

text: The fair and even allocation of non-renewable resources over time is a market failure issue of concern to ecological economics. This issue is also known as 'intergenerational fairness'. It is argued that the market mechanism fails when it comes to allocating the Earth's finite mineral stock fairly and evenly among present and future generations, as future generations are not, and cannot be, present on today's market.[25]:375 [26]:142f In effect, today's market prices do not, and cannot, reflect the preferences of the yet unborn.[27]:156-160 This is an instance of a market failure passed unrecognized by most mainstream economists, as the concept of Pareto efficiency is entirely static (timeless).[28]:181f Imposing government restrictions on the general level of activity in the economy may be the only way of bringing about a more fair and even intergenerational allocation of the mineral stock. Hence, Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen and Herman Daly, the two leading theorists in the field, have both called for the imposition of such restrictions: Georgescu-Roegen has proposed a minimal bioeconomic program, and Daly has proposed a comprehensive steady-state economy.[25]:374–79 [28] However, Georgescu-Roegen, Daly, and other economists in the field agree that on a finite Earth, geologic limits will inevitably strain most fairness in the longer run, regardless of any present government restrictions: Any rate of extraction and use of the finite stock of non-renewable mineral resources will diminish the remaining stock left over for future generations to use.[25]:366–69 [29]:369–71 [30]:165–67 [31]:270 [32]:37

text: Another ecological market failure is presented by the overutilisation of an otherwise renewable resource at a point in time, or within a short period of time. Such overutilisation usually occurs when the resource in question has poorly defined (or non-existing) property rights attached to it while too many market agents engage in activity simultaneously for the resource to be able to sustain it all. Examples range from over-fishing of fisheries and over-grazing of pastures to over-crowding of recreational areas in congested cities. This type of ecological market failure is generally known as the 'tragedy of the commons'. In this type of market failure, the principle of Pareto efficiency is violated the utmost, as all agents in the market are left worse off, while nobody are benefitting. It has been argued that the best way to remedy a 'tragedy of the commons'-type of ecological market failure is to establish enforceable property rights politically – only, this may be easier said than done.[14]:172f

text: The issue of anthropogenic global warming presents an overwhelming example of a 'tragedy of the commons'-type of ecological market failure: The Earth's atmosphere may be regarded as a 'global common' exhibiting poorly defined (non-existing) property rights, and the waste absorption capacity of the atmosphere with regard to carbon dioxide is presently being heavily overloaded by a too large volume of emissions from the world economy.[33]:347f Historically, the fossil fuel dependence of the Industrial Revolution has unintentionally thrown mankind out of ecological equilibrium with the rest of the Earth's biosphere (including the atmosphere), and the market has failed to correct the situation ever since. Quite the opposite: The unrestricted market has been exacerbating this global state of ecological dis-equilibrium, and is expected to continue doing so well into the foreseeable future.[34]:95–101 This particular market failure may be remedied to some extent at the political level by the establishment of an international (or regional) cap and trade property rights system, where carbon dioxide emission permits are bought and sold among market agents.[14]:433–35

text: The term 'uneconomic growth' describes a pervasive ecological market failure: The ecological costs of further economic growth in a so-called 'full-world economy' like the present world economy may exceed the immediate social benefits derived from this growth.[14]:16–21


document_title: Crow Wing County, Minnesota

question_text: how many lakes in crow wing county mn

question_tokens: how many lakes in crow wing county mn

text: Crow Wing County, Minnesota

text: History[edit]

text: Crow Wing County was established on May 23, 1857 and organized March 3, 1870. It is named for the Crow Wing River,[4] which is itself named for an island in the river which is shaped like the wing of a crow.

text: Twenty years or more before the county was outlined and named, a trading post was established on the east side of the Mississippi River opposite the mouth of the Crow Wing River. In 1837 there was again a station of the fur traders facing the northern mouth of the Crow Wing River.  A few years later it became the center of Indian trading and had the general supply store for the area. By 1866, the village contained about 600 whites and Chippewas and was one of the major population centers in Minnesota.  Although the county seat,[5] Crow Wing was soon superseded by Brainerd and eventually became a ghost town known as Old Crow Wing, its memory is preserved by Crow Wing State Park.

text: Brainerd township was founded in 1870 when the Northern Pacific survey determined that the crossing of the Mississippi should be there. It became a city on November 19, 1881. The name was chosen in honor of the father in law of J. Gregory Smith, the first president of the Northern Pacific Railroad Company.  Skeptical of Town's Growth Ex-governor Smith of Vermont may properly be called the father and founder of Brainerd. He gave it the name of his father-in-law, Lawrence Brainerd, the first president of the Vermont Central, has given it a memorial Congregational Church, which is now nearly completed, and had he continued president of the Northern Pacific would have undoubtedly dealt kindly and liberally by the town.

text: The Northern Pacific Railroad ran its first train to Brainerd, a special train, on March 11, 1871 and its regular passenger service began the next September. The first passenger train from the Twin Cities, by way of Sauk Rapids, came November 1, 1877.

text: The part of Crow Wing County west of the Mississippi was annexed from Cass County by an act of the Legislature on February 18, 1887, doubling its former area.

text: Geography[edit]

text: According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 1,157 square miles (3,000 km2), of which 999 square miles (2,590 km2) is land and 157 square miles (410 km2) (14%) is water.[7]

text: Topography and vegetation[edit]

text: Crow Wing County has two state forests, the Crow Wing State Forest and the Emily State Forest. It also has the Cuyuna Lakes State Trail which lies in the Upper Mississippi River Basin. The topography of the region is gently rolling to flat, with waters and wetlands generously interspersed with the woodlands that cover the landscape.  It is home to an abundance of wildlife. Visitors may see white-tailed deer, cottontail rabbit, snowshoe hare, raccoon, red fox, gray fox, coyote, mink, muskrat, squirrels, and beaver. Occasionally, American black bears may be observed. Bald eagles and osprey frequent the area, and many species of waterfowl also take advantage of the abundant aquatic habitat found in the marshes and lakes of the county.

text: There are many lakes and rivers in Crow Wing County. The main river is the Mississippi River although there are more smaller streams in the county too. It has about 417 recognized lakes. The top ten ranked according to size are:

text:
Gull Lake – 9,419 acres (38.12 km2)
Pelican Lake – 8,254 acres (33.40 km2)
Upper and Lower White Fish Lake – 7,372 acres (29.83 km2)
North Long Lake – 5,997 acres (24.27 km2)
Lake Edward – 2,576 acres (10.42 km2)
Bay Lake – 2,393 acres (9.68 km2)
Cross Lake (Minnesota) – 1,752 acres (7.09 km2)
Round Lake – 1,645 acres (6.66 km2)
Big Trout Lake – 1,343 acres (5.43 km2)
Lower South Long Lake – 1,312 acres (5.31 km2)

text: Superfund site and environmental damage[edit]

text: Crow Wing County contains the Burlington Northern (Brainerd/Baxter) United States Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site. The site, located between the cities of Brainerd and Baxter, was the location of a Burlington Northern Railroad tie treatment plant. Wastewater generated from the wood-treating process was sent to two shallow, unlined ponds. This created a sludge which contaminated both the underlying soils and the groundwater with creosote and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).[8]

text: Major highways[edit]

text:
U.S. Route 169
 Minnesota State Highway 6
 Minnesota State Highway 18
 Minnesota State Highway 25
 Minnesota State Highway 210
 Minnesota State Highway 309
 Minnesota State Highway 371

text: Adjacent counties[edit]

text:
Aitkin County  (northeast)
Mille Lacs County  (southeast)
Morrison County  (southwest)
Cass County  (northwest, north)

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±
1860269—1870200−25.7%18802,3191,059.5%18908,852281.7%190014,25061.0%191016,86118.3%192024,56645.7%193025,6274.3%194030,22617.9%195030,8752.1%196032,1344.1%197034,8268.4%198041,72219.8%199044,2496.1%200055,09924.5%201062,50013.4%Est. 201663,940[9]2.3%U.S. Decennial Census[10]1790-1960[11] 1900-1990[12]1990-2000[13] 2010-2016[2]

text: As of the 2000 census, there were 55,099 people, 22,250 households, and 15,174 families residing in the county.  The population density was 55 people per square mile (21/km²).  There were 33,483 housing units at an average density of 34 per square mile (13/km²).  The racial makeup of the county was 97.64% White, 0.31% Black or African American, 0.78% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.20% from other races, and 0.78% from two or more races.  0.69% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 32.5% were of German, 16.4% Norwegian, 9.4% Swedish, 6.2% Irish and 5.2% American ancestry.

text: There were 22,250 households out of which 30.20% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.70% were married couples living together, 8.00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.80% were non-families. 26.40% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.70% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.  The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 2.93.

text: In the county, the population was spread out with 24.80% under the age of 18, 8.10% from 18 to 24, 25.60% from 25 to 44, 24.40% from 45 to 64, and 17.10% who were 65 years of age or older.  The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 96.80 males.  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.50 males.

text: The median income for a household in the county was $37,589, and the median income for a family was $44,847. Males had a median income of $33,838 versus $22,896 for females. The per capita income for the county was $19,174.  About 6.50% of families and 9.80% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11.40% of those under age 18 and 9.90% of those age 65 or over.

text: Communities[edit]

text: Cities[edit]

text:
Baxter
Brainerd (county seat)
Breezy Point
Crosby
Crosslake
Cuyuna
Deerwood
Emily
Fifty Lakes
Fort Ripley
Garrison
Ironton
Jenkins
Manhattan Beach
Nisswa
Pequot Lakes
Riverton
Trommald

text: Townships[edit]

text:
Bay Lake Township
Center Township
Crow Wing Township
Daggett Brook Township
Deerwood Township
Fairfield Township
Fort Ripley Township
Gail Lake Township
Garrison Township
Ideal Township
Irondale Township
Jenkins Township
Lake Edwards Township
Little Pine Township
Long Lake Township
Maple Grove Township
Mission Township
Nokay Lake Township
Oak Lawn Township
Pelican Township
Perry Lake Township
Platte Lake Township
Rabbit Lake Township
Roosevelt Township
Ross Lake Township
Sibley Township (former)
St. Mathias Township
Timothy Township
Wolford Township

text: Census-designated place[edit]

text: Merrifield

text: Other unincorporated communities[edit]

text:
Barrows
Bay Lake
Crosby Beach
Crow Wing
Ideal Corners
Iron Hub
Klondyke
Lake Hubert
Legionville
Little Pine
Loerch
Mission
Pine Center
Shephard
St. Mathias
Swanburg
Wolford
Woodrow

text: Unorganized territories[edit]

text:
Dean Lake
West Crow Wing

text: Original settlement[edit]

text: Old Crow Wing

text: Politics[edit]

text:
Presidential Elections Results[14]

Year

Republican

Democratic

Third Parties

2016

62.2% 22,287

30.6% 10,982

7.2% 2,573

2012

55.6% 19,415

42.3% 14,760

2.1% 745

2008

52.8% 18,567

45.1% 15,859

2.1% 739

2004

57.0% 19,106

41.8% 14,005

1.3% 434

2000

53.5% 15,035

40.0% 11,255

6.5% 1,838

1996

40.4% 10,095

44.7% 11,156

14.9% 3,712

1992

37.1% 9,112

36.3% 8,896

26.6% 6,531

1988

52.7% 11,017

46.3% 9,674

1.1% 220

1984

56.2% 11,362

43.1% 8,719

0.8% 151

1980

50.0% 10,844

43.0% 9,323

7.0% 1,510

1976

41.3% 8,072

54.5% 10,653

4.3% 839

1972

53.0% 8,774

44.3% 7,328

2.7% 449

1968

45.2% 6,687

50.1% 7,411

4.7% 697

1964

35.8% 5,131

64.1% 9,197

0.2% 21

1960

52.9% 7,727

46.8% 6,835

0.4% 52

1956

54.4% 6,657

45.4% 5,556

0.3% 30

1952

54.0% 6,992

45.4% 5,883

0.6% 81

1948

39.7% 4,702

57.2% 6,773

3.1% 370

1944

44.7% 4,500

54.7% 5,504

0.6% 63

1940

44.0% 5,524

54.8% 6,876

1.2% 150

1936

33.8% 3,611

61.5% 6,561

4.7% 501

1932

41.7% 3,991

52.9% 5,068

5.4% 519

1928

67.9% 6,436

30.1% 2,851

2.1% 196

1924

50.1% 4,230

4.9% 417

45.0% 3,802

1920

70.3% 5,262

14.4% 1,077

15.3% 1,142

1916

44.4% 1,715

40.6% 1,568

15.0% 578

1912

21.0% 691

21.5% 709

57.5% 1,897

1908

59.4% 1,681

23.4% 661

17.2% 487

1904

77.0% 2,150

11.9% 333

11.1% 309

1900

67.2% 1,803

30.0% 804

2.8% 75

1896

59.4% 1,701

37.2% 1,066

3.5% 99

1892

53.1% 916

30.1% 519

16.8% 290