document_title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

question_text: when was the drinking age raised to 21

question_tokens: when was the drinking age raised to 21

text: The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time.  This history is given in the table below.  Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21").  In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

text:
As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the
repeal of Prohibition in 1933.  Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s.  From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. Many states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

text: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]

text:
State
Pre-Prohibition(prior to 1919)
Post-Prohibition(after 1933)
1970s / 26th Amendment(adopted in 1971)
1980s / Drinking Age Act of 1984
21st century

Alabama

Pre 1881:None1881:21 (none with consent of parent)[6]
21
1975:Lowered to 19[7]
1986:Raised to 21[8]
21  (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)

Alaska

?
21[7]
1970:Lowered to 19[9]
1984:Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11]
21

Arizona

?
21[11]
1972:Lowered to 19[12]
1985:Raised to 21[8]
21

Arkansas

Pre 1925:None[7]1925:21[7]
21
21[13]
21[8]
21

California

Pre 1891:Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[14][15][16]1891:18 (statewide)[17]
1933:21[7]
21
21[8]
21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)

Colorado

None[11]
1945:18: for beer21: for wine and liquor[7]
18[18]
Raised to 21 in 1987[8]
21

Connecticut

?
21[11]
1972:Lowered to 18[19]
1982:Raised to 191983:Raised to 201985:Raised to 21[20]
21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person's employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person's exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[21]

Delaware

?
21[11]
1972:Lowered to 20
1984:Raised to 21[8]
21

District of Columbia

?
18: for beer and wine[11]21: for liquor[22][23]
18: for beer and wine[23]21: for liquor
1986:Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[24][25]
21

Florida

?
18[7]
1980:19[26]
1985:Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[26]
21[27]

Georgia

?
21[11]
1972: Lowered to 18[12]
1984:Raised to 19[13]1985:Raised to 20[13]1986:Raised to 21[13]
21

Hawaii

?
21[7]
1972:Lowered to 18
1986:Raised to 21[8]
21

Idaho

?
20: for beer[28][29]21: for wine and liquor[11][30]
1972:Lowered to 19 (all)[31]
1987:Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][32]
21

Illinois

1872:Age of majority (none with written consent of parent)[33]
pre 1961: Age of majority      1961:  Raised to 21[34]
1973:Lowered to 19: for beer and wine21: for liquor[35]
1980:Raised to 21[36]
21

Indiana

?
Post-1934:21[7]
21[13]
21[8]
21

Iowa

?
21[7]
1972:Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)1973:Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)1978:Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[37]
1986:Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[13][37]
21

Kansas

?
1949:18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[13]21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[13]21: for liquor[13][18]
1985:Raised to 21[8]
21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)

Kentucky

?
1938:21[7]
21[13]
21[8]
21

Louisiana

?
As of 1948:18
18[18]
1987:Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.1995:De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[38]1996:In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[39]Other exceptions still remain.[40]
21 (Exceptions to state law include:[41]
For an established religious purpose;When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.)

Maine

?
21[7]1969:Lowered to 20
1972:Lowered to 18[12]1977:Raised to 20[8][42]
1985:Raised to 21[8]
21

Maryland

?
21[7]
1974:Lowered to 18: for beer and wine21: for liquor[43][44]
1982:Raised to 21 with grandfather clause for those born June 30, 1964 or earlier[45][8][46]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)

Massachusetts

?
21[11]
1973:Lowered to 181979:Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[47][48][49]
Raised to 21 in 1985[8]
21

Michigan

?
21[7]
1972:Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[50]
1978:Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[51][52]1978:Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered
21

Minnesota

?
21[11]
1973:Lowered to 18 (June 1)1976:Raised to 19 (Sept 1)[53]First state to raise age after lowering.

1986:Raised to 21[54]
21

Mississippi

?
1966:18: for beer and wine21: for liquor[7](alcohol not legalized until 1966)
18[18]
Raised to 21 in 1986[8]
21

Missouri

?
1945:21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Montana

?
21[11]
1971:Lowered to 19[55]1973:Lowered to 18[56][57]1979:Raised to 19
1987:Raised to 21[8][58]
21

Nebraska

?
21[59]1969:Lowered to 20
1972:Lowered to 19[59]
1980:Raised to 20[13]1985:Raised to 21[13]
21

Nevada

?
1933:21[7]
21
21[8]
21

New Hampshire

?
21[11]
1973:Lowered to 18[60]1979:Raised to 20
1985:Raised to 21[8][20]
21

New Jersey

Before 1880:NonePost-1880:18 (penalties only against businesses)[61][62][63]
21[citation needed]
1973:Lowered to 18[12]
1980:Raised to 191983:Raised to 21[8][64]
21

New Mexico

?
1934:21[7]
21[13]
21[8]
21

New York

21
18[65]
18
1982:Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)1985:Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[20][66][67]
21

North Carolina

?
18[11]
18: for beer and wine[18] 21: for liquor
1983:19: for beer and wine 21: for liquor1986:Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][25]
21

North Dakota

?
1936:21[7]
21[13]
21[68]
21

Ohio

?
1935:18: for 3.2% ABW beer21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[69]
18: for 3.2% ABW beer21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor
1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):19: for 3.2% ABW beer[13]21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[13]1982 (From Oct. 1):19: beer21: wine and liquor[70]1988:21[13]
21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)

Oklahoma

?
Men:21Women:18: 3.2% ABW beer21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[71]
1976:Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec)[72]Last state to lower the drinking age.
1983:Raised to 21[11][73]
21

Oregon

?
1933:21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Pennsylvania

?
1935:21[7]
21
21[8][52]
21

Rhode Island

?
21[11]
1970:Lowered to 18[12][74]
1980:Raised to 191981:Raised to 201984:Raised to 21[20]
21

South Carolina

21[75]
1935:18: for beer and wine21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine[18]21: for liquor
1984:19: for beer and wine[7]21: for liquor1986:Raised to 21[8]
21

South Dakota

?
1934:21 (all)1939:Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beerRaised to 19: for 3.2% beer[76]
1972:18: for beer and wine21: for liquor
1984:19: for beer and wine21: for liquor[8]1988:Raised to 21[58]
21

Tennessee

Pre 1881:None1881:21[77]
21[7]1964:Lowered to 18[7]
1979:Raised to 19
1984:Raised to 21[8]
21

Texas

Pre 1909:21None (with written permission of parent or guardian)Post 1909:21[78][79]
21[7]
1973:Lowered to 18[80]
1981:Raised to 19[81]1986:Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][25]
21

Utah

?
1935:21[7]
21[13]
21[8]
21

Vermont

?
21[7]
1971:Lowered to 18[82][83]
1986:Raised to 21[20][83]
21

Virginia

?
21[84]
1974:Lowered to 18: for beer and wine(21: for liquor remained)[84]
1981:Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption1983:Raised to 19 (all beer)1985:Raised to 21[84]
21

Washington

Age of majoritysince 1877[85]
21[citation needed]
21
21[8]
21

West Virginia

?
18: for beer and wine 21: for liquor[11]
1972:Lowered to 18 (all)[86]
1983:Raised to 19(& 21 for non-residents)[8][42]1986:Raised to 21[8]
21

Wisconsin

1839–1866:18: for wine and liquorNone: for beerPost-1866:21 (all)[87]
18: for beer21: for wine and spirits1957:21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[88]1963:Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[88]
1972:Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[88]1977:Border state restriction lifted.[88]
1984:Raised to 191986:Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)[88]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)[citation needed]

Wyoming

?
21[7]
1973:Lowered to 19
1988:Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[89][90]Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21
21

American Samoa

?
?
?
21?
21[91]

Northern Mariana Islands

–
–
?
21?
21[92]

Puerto Rico

?
18
18
Kept at 18despite highway fundingpenalty under Drinking Age Act.
18[93]

Virgin Islands

?
?
?
18
18[94]

Guam

?
21?
18
18
Raised to 21 in 2010[5]

text: Additional notes[edit]

text:
Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings.  That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws.[40]
In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21.[22][23] Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before.  Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18.[38] In other words, the drinking age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a drinking age of 21 unconstitutional.[38]  That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later.[39] Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence,[40] and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood.  Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966).  Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.


document_title: How to Train Your Dragon 2

question_text: who plays eric in how to train your dragon 2

root

text: How to Train Your Dragon 2

text: Plot[edit]

text: Five years after the Viking village of Berk and the dragons made peace, they now live together in harmony. Hiccup goes on adventures with his dragon, Toothless, as they discover and map unexplored lands. Now 20 years old, he is being pressed by his father, Stoick the Vast, to succeed him as chieftain, although Hiccup remains unsure if he is ready for this responsibility.

tag: p

text: While investigating a burnt forest, Hiccup and Astrid discover the remains of a fort encased in ice and meet a group of dragon trappers led by Eret, who blames them for his fort's destruction and attempts to capture their dragons for an insane conqueror named Drago Bludvist. The two dragon riders escape and return to Berk to warn Stoick about the dragon army that Drago is amassing. Stoick orders the villagers to fortify the island and prepare for battle. Hiccup, however, refuses to believe that war is inevitable. After Stoick interrupts Hiccup's plan to get Eret to take him to Drago, Stoick explains that he once met Drago at a gathering of chiefs, where Drago, mocked after offering the chiefs his service in return for their servitude, murdered them all using armored dragons, with Stoick as the only survivor. Undeterred, Hiccup flies off with Toothless in search of Drago to try to reason with him.

text: They run into a dragon rider named Valka, who is revealed to be Hiccup's long-lost mother. She explains that she, like her son, could not bring herself to kill dragons. After being carried off during a dragon raid, she spent 20 years rescuing dragons from Drago's traps and bringing them to an island nest created out of ice by a gigantic Alpha dragon called a "Bewilderbeast", which is able to control smaller dragons. Stoick tracks Hiccup to the nest, where he discovers that his wife is still alive. Meanwhile, Astrid and the other riders kidnap Eret to find Drago, but Drago captures them and learns of Berk's dragons.

text: Drago and his armada lay siege to the nest, where he reveals that he has his own Bewilderbeast to challenge the Alpha. A battle ensues between the two colossal dragons, which ends with Drago's Bewilderbeast killing its opponent and becoming the new Alpha. Drago's Bewilderbeast then seizes control of all the adult dragons, which hypnotically obey. Hiccup tries to persuade Drago to end the violence, but Drago orders him killed. Toothless, under the Bewilderbeast's influence, approaches Hiccup and launches a blast, but Stoick pushes Hiccup out of the way and is hit instead, dying as a result. The Bewilderbeast momentarily relinquishes control of Toothless, but Hiccup drives him away in a fit of despair. Drago maroons Hiccup and the others on the island and rides Toothless, again under the control of the Bewilderbeast, to lead his army to conquer Berk. Stoick is given a Viking funeral and Hiccup, now having lost both his father and dragon, is unsure what to do. Valka encourages him by telling him that he alone can unite humans and dragons, and inspired by her words and his father's, Hiccup decides to return to Berk to stop Drago.

text: The dragon riders fly baby dragons back to Berk, as they are immune to the Bewilderbeast's control. They find that Drago has already attacked the village and taken control of its dragons. Hiccup confronts Drago and a brainwashed Toothless while the other riders work to distract the Bewilderbeast. Hiccup succeeds in freeing Toothless from the Bewilderbeast's control, much to Drago's surprise. Hiccup and Toothless briefly separate Drago from the Bewilderbeast and confront Drago on the ground, but the Bewilderbeast attacks them, encasing them in ice. However, Toothless blasts away the ice, revealing that both Hiccup and he are unharmed. He then challenges the Bewilderbeast, shooting it in the face repeatedly, which breaks its control over the other dragons, who side with Toothless as the new Alpha dragon. All the dragons repeatedly fire at the Bewilderbeast until Toothless fires a final massive blast, breaking its left tusk. Defeated, the Bewilderbeast retreats under the sea with Drago on its back. The Vikings and dragons celebrate their victory and Hiccup is made chieftain of Berk.

text: Afterwards, Berk undergoes repairs while feeling secure knowing that its dragons can defend it.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jay Baruchel as Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III, the son of the Viking chief Stoick the Vast and Valka.
Cate Blanchett as Valka, Stoick's wife, Hiccup's long-lost mother and a dragon rescuer[5] who spent 20 years living and rescuing Dragons after she was carried by a Stormcutter.
Gerard Butler as Stoick the Vast, the last chieftain of the Viking tribe of Berk, Hiccup's father and Valka's husband.
Craig Ferguson as Gobber the Belch, Stoick's closest friend and a seasoned warrior.
America Ferrera as Astrid Hofferson, Hiccup's girlfriend.[6]
Christopher Mintz-Plasse as Fishlegs Ingerman.
Jonah Hill as Snotlout Jorgenson.
T. J. Miller and Kristen Wiig as Tuffnut and Ruffnut Thorston, fraternal twins.
Djimon Hounsou as Drago Bludvist, a ruthless warlord and dragon hunter who seeks to take over the world with a dragon army.[7] He has a prosthetic left arm, since he lost his real arm during an earlier encounter with dragons, and wears a dragon-hide cape immune to dragon-fire attacks.
Kit Harington as Eret, Son of Eret, a dragon trapper who sells captured dragons to Drago.[8][9] He sports a scar on his chest given to him by Drago following the last time he showed up with no dragons.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After the success of the first film, the sequel was announced on April 27, 2010.[10][11] "How to Train Your Dragon … has become DreamWorks Animation's next franchise. We plan to release the sequel theatrically in 2013," said Jeffrey Katzenberg, DreamWorks Animation's CEO.[11] It was later revealed that DeBlois had started drafting the outline for a sequel in February 2010 at Skywalker Ranch, during the final sound mix of the first film.[12]:10 The film was originally scheduled for release on June 20, 2014,[13] but in August 2013 the release date was moved forward one week to June 13, 2014.[14]

text: The film was written, directed, and executive produced by Dean DeBlois, the co-writer/co-director of the first film.[13] Bonnie Arnold, the producer of the first film, also returned, while Chris Sanders, who co-directed and co-wrote the first film, acted only as an additional executive producer this time due to his involvement with The Croods.[15] When offered the sequel, DeBlois accepted it on condition he can turn it into a trilogy. For the sequel, he intended to revisit the films of his youth, with The Empire Strikes Back and My Neighbor Totoro[16] having the pivotal inspirations for the film.[17] "What I loved especially about Empire is that it expanded Star Wars in every direction: emotionally, its scope, characters, fun. It felt like an embellishment and that's the goal."[18]

text: The entire original voice cast—Baruchel, Butler, Ferguson, Ferrera, Hill, Mintz-Plasse, Miller, and Wiig—returned for the sequel.[19] On June 19, 2012, it was announced that Kit Harington, of Game of Thrones fame, was cast as one of the film's antagonists.[9] At the 2013 San Diego Comic-Con International, it was announced that Cate Blanchett and Djimon Hounsou had joined the cast; they lent their voices to Valka and Drago Bludvist, respectively.[20]

text: While the first film was set in a generic North Sea environment, the creative team decided to focus on Norway this time around. Early in the sequel's development, about a dozen of them traveled there for a week-long research trip, where they toured Oslo, Bergen, and the fjords.[12]:12–13 DeBlois, together with Gregg Taylor (DreamWorks' head of feature development) and Roger Deakins (a cinematographer who served as visual consultant), then broke off from the group to visit Svalbard and see polar bears in the wild with the assistance of armed guides.[12]:12–16

text: DeBlois explained that he had learned from directing Lilo and Stitch (2002) that "if you set an animated film in a place you want to visit, there's a chance you might get to go there."[12]:14 He had wanted to visit Svalbard for some time, after learning of its stark beauty from a couple of backpackers he met during earlier visits to Iceland to work with post-rock band Sigur Rós on the 2007 documentary film Heima.[12]:14

text: Animation[edit]

text: Over the five years before the film's release,[22] DreamWorks Animation had substantially over-hauled its production workflow and animation software. How to Train Your Dragon 2 was the first DreamWorks Animation film that used "scalable multicore processing", developed together with Hewlett-Packard. Called by Katzenberg as "the next revolution in filmmaking", it enabled artists for the first time to work on rich, complex images in real time, instead of waiting eight hours to see the results the next day.[23] The film was also the studio's first film to use its new animation and lighting software through the entire production. Programs named Premo[24] and Torch allowed much more subtlety, improving facial animation and enabling "the sense of fat, jiggle, loose skin, the sensation of skin moving over muscle instead of masses moving together."[25]

text: By the time production was complete, over 500 people had worked on the film at DreamWorks Animation's headquarters in Glendale, as well as its branch offices at PDI/DreamWorks in Redwood City and DreamWorks India in Bangalore.[12]:158–159

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was screened out of competition on May 16, 2014 at the 2014 Cannes Film Festival.[27] In the United States, the film premiered on June 8, 2014, at the Regency Village Theater in Los Angeles, and was theatrically released on June 13, 2014.[28] The film was also digitally remastered into IMAX 3D and released to international theaters on June 13, 2014.[29]

text: Home media[edit]

text: How to Train Your Dragon 2 was released digitally on October 21, 2014, and was released on DVD and Blu-ray on November 11, 2014.[30] The Blu-ray combo pack and digital release is accompanied by a new animated short film Dawn of the Dragon Racers, in which Hiccup and friends compete to become the first Dragon Racing Champion of Berk.[30] A double DVD pack with the film and Dawn of the Dragon Racers was released exclusively at Walmart stores.[31] As of February 2015, 7.5 million home entertainment units have been sold worldwide.[32]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a "certified fresh" score of 91% based on reviews from 165 critics, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The website's critical consensus states: "Exciting, emotionally resonant, and beautifully animated, How to Train Your Dragon 2 builds on its predecessor's successes just the way a sequel should."[33] Metacritic gave the film a score of 76/100 based on reviews from 39 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[34] Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore during the opening weekend gave the film a grade A.[35] Audiences were a mix of 47% female and 53% male. Children and Young Adults responded most strongly, with those aged under 25 giving a grade A+.[36][37]

text: At the 2014 Cannes Film Festival, Peter Debruge of Variety praised the film and its ambitions: "The pressures to make a giant four-quadrant monstrosity must be enormous, and yet, like his unflappable hero Hiccup, How to Train Your Dragon 2 writer-director Dean DeBlois has prevailed, serving up DreamWorks Animation's strongest sequel yet—one that breathes fresh fire into the franchise, instead of merely rehashing the original. Braver than Brave, more fun than Frozen, and more emotionally satisfying than so many of its live-action counterparts, Dragon delivers. And good thing, too, since DWA desperately needs another toon to cross the half-billion-dollar threshold."[38] Elizabeth Weitzman of the New York Daily News gave the film three out of five stars, saying 'It's the unflinching edge that gives the film its unexpected depth'."[39] Jocelyn Noveck of the Associated Press gave the film three out of four stars, saying "How to Train Your Dragon 2 doesn't play it safe, and that's why it's the rare sequel that doesn't feel somewhat stale."[40] Lou Lumenick of the New York Post gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Dragon 2 really soars when our hero is aloft, imparting some important lessons about family, ecology and war for young audiences. It should also do very healthy business for hit-starved DreamWorks Animation."[41] Joe McGovern of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B, saying "The flight path needs straightening, but this is still a franchise that knows how to fly."[42] Jody Mitori of the St. Louis Post-Dispatch gave the film three out of four stars, saying "For audiences who want a sweet story, they can't beat the first film of a boy finding his best friend. For those who are ready for the next stage, try this one about a boy becoming a man."[43]

text: Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic gave the film four out of five stars, saying "It seemed as if there was nowhere new to go after the first film, but this is a richer story that dares to go darker and is thus more rewarding."[44] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "Dragon 2, like The Empire Strikes Back, takes sequels to a new level of imagination and innovation. It truly is a high-flying, depth-charging wonder to behold."[45] Peter Hartlaub of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film three out of four stars, saying "DeBlois, who also wrote the script, successfully juggles the multiple story lines, shifting allegiances and uncharted lands."[46] Rafer Guzman of Newsday gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Gruesome? A little. Scary? You bet. But that's exactly what makes the "Dragon" films so different, and so much better, than the average children's fare."[47] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "For once, we have an animated sequel free of the committee-job vibe so common at every animation house, no matter the track record."[48] Stephen Holden of The New York Times gave the film a negative review, saying "The story seems to be going somewhere until it comes to a halt with the inevitable showdown between the forces of darkness and the forces of light."[49] Peter Howell of the Toronto Star gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Taking its cues as much from Star Wars and Game of Thrones as from its own storybook narrative, How to Train Your Dragon 2 breathes fire into a franchise sequel."[50]

text: Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film three out of four stars, saying "Nearly as exuberant as the original, How to Train Your Dragon 2 nimbly avoids sequel-itis."[51] Colin Covert of the Star Tribune gave the film four out of four stars, saying "The impressive part is the storytelling confidence of writer/director Dean DeBlois. He has created a thoughtful tale as meaningful for grown-ups as it is pleasurable for its young primary audience."[52] Stephanie Merry of The Washington Post gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "This may be the first and last time anyone says this, but if How to Train Your Dragon 2 is this good, why stop at 3 and 4?"[53] Moira MacDonald of The Seattle Times gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "Young and old fans of the first movie will be lining up for the wit, for the inventiveness of the characters, for the breathtaking visuals — and just the sheer fun of it all."[54] Tirdad Derakhshani of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "One of this year's true surprises, the superior animated sequel not only is infused with the same independent spirit and off-kilter aesthetic that enriched the original, it also deepens the first film's major themes."[55] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger gave the film two-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "This was not a sequel that anybody needed, outside of the accountants. And there's another already planned."[56] John Semley of The Globe and Mail gave the film four out of four stars, saying "More than just teaching kids what to think about the world they're coming into, it's a rare film that encourages them to think for themselves."[57]

text: Rene Rodriguez of the Miami Herald gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, saying "How to Train Your Dragon 2 is its own standalone picture, with a surprising range of emotions that surpasses the original and a brisk pace and manner of storytelling that give it purpose and direction. The fact that it's also so much fun, no matter what your age, almost feels like a bonus."[58] Bill Zwecker of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film four out of four stars, saying "Not only does this second movie match the charm, wit, animation skill and intelligent storytelling of the original, I think it even exceeds it."[59] Lisa Kennedy of The Denver Post gave the film a positive review, saying "How to Train Your Dragon 2 is soaring, emotionally swooping, utterly satisfying fun."[60] Bob Mondello of NPR gave the film an 8.5 out of 10, saying "It's clear that [director Dean DeBlois] took inspiration from the first Star Wars trilogy—not a bad model for breathing new life, and yes, a bit of fire, into one of Hollywood's more nuanced animated franchises."[61] Inkoo Kang of The Wrap gave the film a mixed review, saying "If there isn't enough to feel, at least there's a lot to look at. Thanks to the superb 3-D direction by DeBlois, we swoop through the air, whoosh down dragons' tails, and juuust baaaarely [sic] squeeze into small crevices, but still, those experiences are only like being on a really great rollercoaster—they don't mean anything."[62] A.A. Dowd of The A.V. Club gave the film a B-, saying "There aren't just more dragons, but more characters, more plot, more everything. The trade-off is that the charm of the original gets a little lost, a casualty of rapid-franchise expansion."[63]

text: Box office[edit]

text: How to Train Your Dragon 2 grossed $177 million in North America, and $441.9 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $618.9 million.[3] The film is the second-highest-grossing animated film of 2014, behind Big Hero 6, and the twelfth-highest-grossing film of the year in any genre.[3][64][65] While How to Train Your Dragon 2 only earned $177 million at the US box office, compared to $217 million for its predecessor,[66] it performed much better at the international box office, earning $438 million to How to Train Your Dragon's $277 million. Calculating in all expenses, Deadline.com estimated that the film made a profit of $107.3 million.[67]

text: In the United States and Canada, the film earned $18.5 million on its opening day,[68] and opened at number two in its first weekend, with $49,451,322.[69] In its second weekend, the film dropped to number three, grossing an additional $24,719,312.[70] In its third weekend, the film stayed at number three, grossing $13,237,697.[71] In its fourth weekend, the film dropped to number five, grossing $8,961,088.[72]

text: Its $25.9 million opening weekend in China was the biggest-ever for an animated film in the country, surpassing the record previously held by Kung Fu Panda 2.[73]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award / Film Festival
Category
Recipient(s)
Result

Annie Awards[74]
Best Animated Feature
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Won

Animated Effects in an Animated Production
James Jackson, Lucas Janin, Tobin Jones, Baptiste Van Opstal, Jason Mayer
Nominated

Character Animation in a Feature Production
Fabio Lignini
Won

Steven "Shaggy" Hornby
Nominated

Thomas Grummt
Nominated

Directing in a Feature Production
Dean DeBlois
Won

Music in a Feature Production
John Powell, Jónsi
Won

Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Truong "Tron" Son Mai
Won

Writing in a Feature Production
Dean DeBlois
Nominated

Editorial in an Animated Feature Production
John K. Carr
Won

Academy Awards[75]
Best Animated Feature
Dean DeBlois and Bonnie Arnold
Nominated

British Academy Children's Awards[76]
Kid's Vote - Film in 2014
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Children's Feature Film in 2014
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Critics' Choice Movie Award[77]
Best Animated Feature
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Golden Globe Awards[78]
Best Animated Feature Film
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Won

Hollywood Film Awards[79]
Best Hollywood Animation Award
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Won

National Board of Review[80]
Best Animated Feature
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Won

Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards[81]
Favorite Animated Movie
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Online Film Critics Society[82]
Best Animated Feature
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

People's Choice Awards[83]
Favorite Family Movie
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Phoenix Film Critics Society[84]
Best Animated Film
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Producers Guild of America
Best Outstanding Producer of Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures
Bonnie Arnold
Nominated

San Francisco Film Critics Circle Award[85]
Best Animated Feature
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Satellite Awards[86]
Best Motion Picture Animated or Mixed Media
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Visual Effects Society Awards[87]
Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Bonnie Arnold, Dean DeBlois, Dave Walvoord, Simon Otto
Nominated

Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Jakob Hjort Jensen, Fabio Lignini, Stephen Candell, Hongseo Park for "Hiccup"
Nominated

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Sun Yoon, Liang-Yuan Wang, Ted Davis, Shannon Thomas for "Oasis"
Nominated

Outstanding Effects Simulations in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Spencer Knapp, Baptiste Van Opstal, Lucas Janin, Jason Mayer for "The Battle"
Nominated

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association[88]
Best Animated Feature
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Saturn Awards[89]
Saturn Award for Best Animated Film
How to Train Your Dragon 2
Nominated

Saturn Award for Best Music
John Powell
Nominated

tag: table

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
How to Train Your Dragon 2

Soundtrack album by John Powell

Released
June 17, 2014

Recorded
2014

Genre
Film score

Length
60:07

Label
Relativity Music Group

John Powell film scores chronology

Rio 2
(2014)Rio 22014
How to Train Your Dragon 2
(2014)

text: Composer John Powell, who earned his first Academy Award nomination for his music in the original movie, returned to score the sequel. Powell described the project "a maturation story" and stated that he too tried to achieve the same maturation in the structure of his music by developing further every aspect of his compositions from the original film.[90]

text: Recording took place during April 2014 at Abbey Road Studios in London[91] with a 120-piece orchestra, a 100-voice choir,[92] and a wide array of ethnic instruments, including celtic harp, uilleann bagpipes, tin whistle, bodhrán, and Highland bagpipes; the latter of which were performed by pipers from the Scottish group The Red Hot Chilli Pipers.[20] The ensemble was conducted by the composer's usual collaborator Gavin Greenaway.[92]

text: Sigur Rós lead vocalist, Jónsi, who wrote and performed the song "Sticks & Stones" for the original movie, provided two new original songs for the sequel in collaboration with Powell.[20] Belarusian-Norwegian artist Alexander Rybak, who voices Hiccup in Norwegian, also wrote and performed the song "Into a Fantasy". The latter song is featured only in the European versions of the film.[93]

text: A soundtrack album for the film was released on June 17, 2014, by Relativity Music Group.[94][95] The album features over an hour of score by Powell, as well as the two original songs written by Powell and Jónsi. Rybak's song, "Into a Fantasy", was released separately as a single.

text:
Track listing

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Dragon Racing"
4:34

2.
"Together We Map the World"
2:19

3.
"Hiccup the Chief/Drago's Coming"
4:44

4.
"Toothless Lost"
3:28

5.
"Should I Know You?"
1:56

6.
"Valka's Dragon Sanctuary"
3:19

7.
"Losing Mom/Meet the Good Alpha"
3:24

8.
"Meet Drago"
4:26

9.
"Stoick Finds Beauty"
2:33

10.
"Flying with Mother"
2:49

11.
"For the Dancing and the Dreaming" (performed by Gerard Butler, Craig Ferguson & Mary Jane Wells)
3:06

12.
"Battle of the Bewilderbeast"
6:26

13.
"Hiccup Confronts Drago"
4:06

14.
"Stoick Saves Hiccup"
2:23

15.
"Stoick's Ship"
3:48

16.
"Alpha Comes to Berk"
2:20

17.
"Toothless Found"
3:46

18.
"Two New Alphas"
6:06

19.
"Where No One Goes" (performed by Jónsi)
2:44

text:
European/Slavic bonus track

No.
Title
Length

20.
"Into a Fantasy" (performed by Alexander Rybak)
3:32

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film, titled How to Train Your Dragon 2, was released in June 2014 by Little Orbit.[96] Developed by Torus Games, the game is available for Xbox 360, Nintendo 3DS, Wii, Wii U, and PlayStation 3.[96] It allows players to choose various riders and dragons, and enter a dragon flight school, participating in trainings, challenges, and tournaments.[96]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: The third and final film, titled How to Train Your Dragon 3,[97] was originally scheduled for release on June 17, 2016,[98] but in September 2014, DreamWorks Animation moved the release date to June 9, 2017.[99][100] In January 2015, in the wake of the closure of Pacific Data Images and massive lay-offs, the release date was initially pushed back to June 29, 2018, but subsequently was brought forward to May 18, 2018.[101][102] On December 5, 2016, the release date was pushed back again to March 1, 2019.[103] Dean DeBlois, the co-screenwriter/co-director of the first and writer-director of the second film, will return, along with producer Bonnie Arnold and all the main cast,[104] while composer John Powell, who scored the first two films, will also be returning.[105] Cate Blanchett, Kit Harington, and Djimon Hounsou will also reprise their roles as Valka, Eret, and Drago, respectively, from the second film.[106][107][108] F. Murray Abraham had joined the cast as the film’s main villain, named Grimmel.[108]


document_title: 9th BRICS summit

question_text: ninth summit of brics in 2017was held in which country

text: 9th BRICS summit

text:
2017 BRICS summit9th BRICS summitHost country
ChinaDate
3–5 September 2017Motto
BRICS: Stronger Partnership for a Brighter Future.[1]Venue(s)
Xiamen International Conference CenterCities
XiamenParticipants
BRICSFollows
8th BRICS summitPrecedes
10th BRICS summitWebsite
www.brics2017.org/English/

text: The 2017 BRICS summit was the ninth annual BRICS summit, an international relations conference attended by the heads of state or heads of government of the five member states Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.[2] The summit was held in Xiamen, China, the second time the China has hosted the summit after the 2011 summit.[3][4]

text: Participants[edit]

text:
BRICS membersHost state and leader are shown in bold text.

Member

Represented by

Title

Brazil

Michel Temer

 President

Russia

Vladimir Putin

President

India

Narendra Modi

Prime Minister

China

Xi Jinping

President

South Africa

Jacob Zuma

President

Guest Invitees (Countries)

Member

Represented by

Title

Egypt

Abdel Fattah Al-Sisi

President

Guinea

Alpha Condé

President

Mexico

Enrique Peña Nieto

President

Tajikistan

Emomali Rahmon

President

Thailand

Prayuth Chan-ocha

Prime Minister

text: Participating leaders[edit]

text:
BrazilMichel Temer, President

 RussiaVladimir Putin, President

 IndiaNarendra Modi, Prime Minister

 ChinaXi Jinping, President (Host)

 South AfricaJacob Zuma, President


document_title: Once Upon a Time (season 7)

question_text: who plays henry once upon a time season 7

text: Once Upon a Time (season 7)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Years after the Final Battle was won, Henry decides to leave Storybrooke to other realms in search of his own story. After years of realm travelling, he ends up in the New Enchanted Forest[10], where he gets tangled into a conflict between Cinderella, Lady Tremaine, Drizella, Mother Gothel, and a resistance lead by Princess Tiana that eventually leads to the casting of another curse that takes the inhabitants to a newly created neighbourhood called Hyperion Heights in Seattle. Lucy, Henry’s daughter, tries to get Henry to believe again and to break the curse while Drizella tries to prevent it. meanwhile Lady Tremaine tries to awaken her comatose daughter Anastasia with the help of an imprisoned Mother Gothel.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Regular[edit]

text:
Lana Parrilla as Evil Queen / Regina Mills / Roni[3]
Colin O'Donoghue as Captain Hook / Killian Jones / Rogers[3]
Andrew J. West as Henry Mills[3]
Dania Ramirez as Cinderella / Jacinda[11][12]
Gabrielle Anwar as Rapunzel / Lady Tremaine / Victoria Belfrey[4][12][13]
Alison Fernandez as Lucy[3]
Robert Carlyle as Rumplestiltskin / Mr. Gold / Weaver[3]
Mekia Cox as Tiana / Sabine[4][5]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Adelaide Kane as Drizella / Ivy Belfrey[4][14]
Rose Reynolds as Alice / Tilly[4][15]
Emma Booth as Mother Gothel / Eloise Gardener[16][17]
Rebecca Mader as Wicked Witch of the West / Zelena / Kelly[18][19]
Meegan Warner as young Rapunzel[20]
Tiera Skovbye as Robin[21]
Nathan Parsons as Jack / Nick Branson[22][23]
Yael Yurman as Anastasia[24]

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Jared S. Gilmore as young Henry Mills[25]
Jillian Fargey as the Fairy Godmother[26]
Liam Hall as the Prince[26]
Jennifer Morrison as Emma Swan[27]
Emilie de Ravin as Belle[28]
Giles Matthey as Gideon[29]
Robin Givens as Eudora[30]
Kevin Ryan as Robert[31]
Daniel Francis as Dr. Facilier[31]
Chris Gauthier as William Smee[23]
Matty Finochio as Marcus Tremaine[24]
Cindy Luna as Cecilia[32]
Anna Cathcart as tween Drizella[24]
Alejandra Perez as young Ella[32]
Sophia Reid-Gantzert as young Anastasia[24]
Lula Mae Melench as young Drizella[24]
Sara Tomko as Tiger Lily[19]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

134
1
"Hyperion Heights"
Ralph Hemecker
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06)
3.26[33]

In a flashback, an 18-year-old Henry says goodbye to Regina as he departs Storybrooke on a trip to new realms, in hopes of finding his own story. Many years later, Henry runs into Cinderella's carriage in the New Enchanted Forest and after a string of events that almost get them captured at a ball, he offers her the chance at a new start back in Storybrooke, as he is due to return through a portal that evening. When Henry finds a glass slipper left for him at their meeting spot, he decides to stay behind. In present-day Seattle, an older Henry is reunited with his daughter Lucy, whom he does not remember because of a curse. In hopes of breaking it, Lucy leads him to her neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, home to many other cursed fairytale characters including Jacinda, Lucy's down-on-her-luck single mother who is in a contentious relationship with her powerful stepmother Victoria. Others include Roni, a bar owner who is struggling with having to sell her establishment to Victoria, and Rogers, a cop who gets promoted to a detective and is introduced to his new partner, Weaver.

135
2
"A Pirate's Life"
Tara Nicole Weyr
Jane Espenson & Jerome Schwartz
October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13)
2.74[34]

In flashback to Storybrooke Hook is training an 18 year old Henry as Emma watches on. She confesses to Hook that she worries Henry is about to leave on his own. In order to comfort her, Hook shows her a bottle Henry can use to call on them if he gets into trouble. Many years later, as Henry is about to be captured by Lady Tremaine, he uses the bottle to call on Emma, Hook, and Regina for help. In the present, Victoria hires Rogers and Weaver to drive Henry out of the neighborhood. Rogers does not agree with Weaver's methods and helps Henry instead. Rogers, Henry, and Roni end up forming an alliance against Victoria. Meanwhile, Jacinda has to find another way to be at Lucy's ballet recital after Victoria makes things difficult for her.

136
3
"The Garden of Forking Paths"
Ron Underwood
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20)
2.49[35]

In a flashback, Cinderella arrives at the spot in the forest where she is supposed to meet Henry, but does not find him there. She then meets Princess Tiana, who recruits her to be part of the resistance against Lady Tremaine. She leaves one of her glass slippers behind for Henry to find. A short while later, Henry, Regina, and Hook arrive at their campsite and join the efforts. Later, Cinderella sneaks into Tremaine's castle alone, where Tremaine reveals that she has kept her almost-deceased daughter Anastasia preserved since her "death" at age 14 and needs a pure heart to revive her. She tasks Cinderella with stealing Henry's, since he has the heart of the truest believer. In the present day, Jacinda tries to save Lucy's beloved community garden from Victoria, while Lucy takes a skeptical Henry on a trip under the garden lot in hopes of finding proof of everyone's fairytale pasts. Meanwhile, Henry, Roni, and Rogers find their first lead against Victoria. Rogers captures the man working with her, but is irritated to find Weaver setting the man free to use him as a future connection. Also, it is revealed that Victoria is not cursed and has been keeping a witch as her prisoner at the top of Belfrey Towers.

137
4
"Beauty"
Mick Garris
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
2.44[36]

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In a flashback to Gideon's first birthday, Rumple and Belle decide to leave Storybrooke to travel the world. Years later, Rumple tells Belle that he wants to stop being the Dark One so he can be mortal again and live out one single life with her. Over the years, they search for ways to get rid of his darkness. When Gideon is 18, Belle comes across a prophecy that leads them to the Edge of Realms, where they must wait for the sun's brightest set before they can be guided to the path Rumple must take to get rid of the Darkness. They build a home there as they wait for the event to occur. However, an aging Belle eventually admits that the "sun" of which the prophecy spoke was actually herself and that her death will mark the start of his journey. When Belle dies, Rumple sets off to search for a Guardian who will be able to take the Darkness from him so that he can ultimately be reunited with Belle. In the present day, Tilly, who is actually Alice, begins to wake up from the curse after she stops taking pills given to her by Victoria. In her new state of clarity, she tries to get Weaver to remember his true identity. Meanwhile, Ivy is tasked with taking Lucy trick-or-treating and loses her in the streets. She ends up bonding with Henry and defies her mother to give Jacinda and Lucy time together.

138
5
"Greenbacks"
Geofrey Hildrew
Christopher Hollier & Adam Karp
November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03)
2.29[37]

In the flashbacks, Tiana seeks a prince to help save her kingdom and is guided by Dr. Facilier to a man named Robert. She soon realizes that Facilier had enlisted Robert to steal a magical ruby from her in exchange for reuniting him with his lover who had been turned into a frog. In the present day, Tiana decides to run a pop-up beignet shop out of Mr. Cluck's with Jacinda's help. Victoria sends someone to burn the place down, which then causes friction between the two roommates. Rogers comes across a detainee at the police station who he thinks is connected to Eloise Gardener, the missing girl he's trying to find. Meanwhile, Roni decides to investigate Ivy's interest in helping Henry. Ivy takes her to the top of the towers and Roni finds a photo of herself and a young Henry taken in Storybrooke. However, it is later revealed that Ivy hasn't been cursed either and has her own dealings with the witch of which her mother is unaware.

139
6
"Wake Up Call"
Sharat Raju
Jerome Schwartz & Jane Espenson
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)
2.37[38]

In a flashback, Regina comes across Drizella, who is looking for magic to escape from her mother. When she reveals that she was actually born with magic, Regina begins to train her. However after Regina runs into Rumple, who tells her that Lady Tremaine must have been aware of the magic lessons, the two women realize that Lady Tremaine was counting on using Drizella's heart to revive Anastasia. Drizella ends up blackening her own heart by killing the prince, making it unusable for revival, and vows to cast a Curse like Regina's to make her mother suffer. In the present day, Roni struggles with what to believe about the mysterious photo, which is complicated by newly discovered information about "Regina Mills" into which Lucy encouraged her to look. Drizella gathers the ingredients for a plant that the witch then cultivates and, when she serves its essence to Roni, she wakes up and remembers her life as Regina. Drizella then reveals that she cast the curse and blackmails Regina into keeping Henry and Jacinda apart, reminding her of a special contingency that was put into the Curse that would force her to comply.

140
7
"Eloise Gardener"
Alex Kalymnios
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
2.28[39]

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In a flashback to the Wish Realm shortly after the Charmings stopped Regina from casting her curse, Hook agrees to grant her passage on the Jolly Roger in exchange for leading him to powerful magic guarded by a witch. When he arrives at the witch's tower, he finds Rapunzel instead. She instructs him to retrieve a golden flower from the witch's garden. When he returns with it to help her, they spend the night together. The next morning, it is revealed that Rapunzel is actually Gothel and their night together produced a baby, whom Gothel leaves behind so she can escape the tower. Hook gives the Jolly Roger to Smee and decides to stay with his daughter, who is unable to leave due to the tower's spell. He names her Alice after his own mother. In the present day, Rogers is on a mad hunt for Eloise with help from Henry and Tilly. Tilly later informs him that Eloise has died, but it turns out that the news was planted by Weaver to throw him off the case. Weaver warns Rogers that Eloise isn't the person he thinks she is. When Rogers finds Gothel, he believes that she is Eloise and frees her from Victoria, who gets locked up for kidnapping. Meanwhile, Tremaine has discovered that Drizella is awake and Regina tries to put some distance between Henry and Jacinda.

141
8
"Pretty in Blue"
Ralph Hemecker
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
2.28[39]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

In the flashbacks, Hook is reunited with Alice, who claims that they have been cured of their curse. However, when they try to embrace, Hook gets hurt and Alice runs away in fear. Henry and Ella chase her back to New Wonderland, a place where Ella reveals that her mother Cecilia had ran to after abandoning her and her stepfather. She takes a shrinking potion and leaves Henry to head into the Infinite Maze alone to find answers. She finds Alice, who tells her that she had met Cecilia before and that the woman had also been afflicted with the same Curse of the Poisoned Heart. Drizella is also in New Wonderland with a plan to curse Henry but Alice and Ella are able to save him. Henry and Ella then share their first kiss. In the present day, Jacinda contacts Nick (a cursed friend of Henry's from Fairy Tale Land), a lawyer whom she has been cursed to believe is Lucy's father. He agrees to help her regain custody of Lucy, to Henry's disdain, and Lucy encourages Henry to fight for Jacinda. Meanwhile, Drizella and Gothel plan to revive Anastasia but when they open her coffin, her body is missing. After Regina confronts Rumple, who refuses to confirm that he has woken up from the curse, she announces to Henry that she's heading to San Francisco to meet with someone who had been pushed out of town by Victoria. He agrees to join her on the trip.

142
9
"One Little Tear"
Steve Pearlman
Christopher Hollier & Adam Karp
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)
2.45[40]

Victoria strikes a deal with Weaver in an attempt to free herself from jail and wake Anastasia. In flashbacks, Rapunzel takes from Mother Gothel's garden to save her family and is trapped in a tower in exchange. After 6 years of captivity, Rapunzel escapes using her hair but finds her husband Marcus has remarried to Cecilia, gaining a stepdaughter, Ella. Gothel tempts Rapunzel with a New Wonderland mushroom, which she uses to poison Cecilia's heart. One day, Anastasia and Ella falls through thin ice, but to Rapunzel's disbelief, their father only manages to save Ella. Rapunzel seeks Gothel's help, who magically seals Anastasia's last breath with the price of keeping Anastasia in the tower. However, Rapunzel tricks Gothel who becomes trapped in her own tower until someone in her bloodline takes her place. In the present day, Victoria strangely gives full custody of Lucy to Jacinda, claiming to be a changed person. Victoria retrieves the Once Upon a Time book and shows Lucy her unfortunate life story as Rapunzel and convinces Lucy to give up her belief in happy endings. As Lucy sheds a tear, Victoria uses it to awaken Anastasia, while Lucy collapses into unconsciousness.

143
10
"The Eighth Witch"
Ralph Hemecker
Jane Espenson & Jerome Schwartz
December 15, 2017 (2017-12-15)
2.29[41]

This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

In a flashback, baby Lucy is born to Henry and Ella, just as Drizella appears to deliver a prophecy about a curse. The heroes are able to turn Drizella to stone. Eight years later, everyone is celebrating Lucy's birthday when Gothel appears with her coven of witches, recruiting Drizella to join them as she's finally freed. With the curse looming, Regina heads off to get help from Zelena, who is now living on a farm in the New Enchanted Forest with a 25-year-old Robin. The flashforward scenes from the season 6 finale are revealed to be Henry being chased by the coven. When the heroes confront the witches, Gothel reveals that they've poisoned Henry and Regina is blackmailed into casting Drizella's curse to save his life. In the present day, Regina has located a cursed Zelena in San Francisco, who is now known as Kelly. Regina is able to give Zelena her memories back and the two head back to Seattle, knowing that breaking the curse to help Lucy would only hurt Henry instead. Rumple tests Anastasia to see if she is the Guardian. However, Gothel also wants Anastasia and severs her alliance with Drizella after the girl is brought to her, deeming Anastasia to be more useful in her coven. Gothel tells her that they need to find their fellow witches, who have all been living in Hyperion Heights.

144
11
"Secret Garden"[42]
TBA
Edward Kitsis & Adam Horowitz
March 2, 2018 (2018-03-02)[43]
TBD

145
12
"A Taste of the Heights"[44]
TBA
David H. Goodman & Brigitte Hales
TBA
TBD

146
13
"Knightfall"[45]
TBA
Jerome Schwartz & Miguel Ian Raya
TBA
TBD

147
14
"The Girl in the Tower"[46]
TBA
Dana Horgan & Leah Fong
TBA
TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In January 2017, while season 6 was still in production, ABC president Channing Dungey spoke of a possible "reset" of the show's narrative in the event that the show received a season 7 order.[9] After much speculation, executive producers Adam Horowitz and Edward Kitsis later confirmed that certain characters would have their storylines wrapped up and that the back-end of the sixth season had been written with the season 7 narrative change in mind.[47] Despite the major changes from seasons past, the showrunners have said that they do not view season 7 as a complete reboot of the show. Horowitz said: "I hesitate to use the word "reboot." We're more thinking about it as a hybrid of a lot of things. We're paying homage to the original premise, but there are certain characters who are returning and some who are not. It's a combination of a lot of things, but what we're trying to do is go in a new direction but stay true to the spirit of what the show has always been."[48]

text: In July 2017, the creators announced that the series now take place in the Seattle neighborhood of Hyperion Heights, which was created under a new and darker curse. Residents of this neighborhood include displaced characters from the original and new versions of the Enchanted Forest, as well as regular people from the Land Without Magic. This differs from Storybrooke in season 1, which was an isolated town that was blocked off from real-world Maine. The initial villain is Lady Tremaine, who assumes the role of an urban developer who seeks to "gentrify the neighborhood" and push out and separate fairy tale residents. Meanwhile, Storybrooke and various Fairy Tale Land locations still appear in the flashbacks of the season as the story bounces back and forth between the characters' lives before and during the latest curse.[49]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In May 2017, it was announced that Lana Parrilla, Colin O'Donoghue, and Robert Carlyle would be the only series regulars from season 6 to continue onto season 7.[3] It was teased that the three would be portraying their original characters but with cursed identities, similar to the circumstances in season 1. In July, the first promo of the season revealed that Killian is now a Seattle police officer with the last name Rogers, who is living with an unexplained sense of loss.[50] In August, it was revealed that Regina is now a bar owner named Roni, who is more dressed down and is "no longer in charge."[51]

text: Former main cast member Jennifer Morrison has confirmed that she has agreed to return for one episode, later revealed to be the second episode of the season.[52][53] Morrison announced her last filming day on July 19, 2017.[54] On July 22, it was confirmed that Emilie de Ravin would return for the fourth episode in the seventh season.[28]

text: In March 2017, Andrew J. West and Alison Fernandez were cast for unknown guest roles in the season six finale. During the episode, it was revealed that West was portraying an adult Henry Mills, while Fernandez portrayed his daughter, Lucy. After that episode's airing, they were confirmed as series regulars for season 7.[3] West will be taking over the role from Jared S. Gilmore, who has been confirmed to appear in at least the first two episodes of the season.[25][55]

text: On July 6, 2017, it was announced that Dania Ramirez and Gabrielle Anwar would be two additional series regulars for season 7.[3] Additionally, Adelaide Kane, Mekia Cox, and Rose Reynolds were cast in recurring roles for the upcoming season.[3] On July 15, it was announced that Ramirez would be portraying Cinderella, albeit a different version from the one previously played by Jessy Schram for the first six seasons.[11] On July 22 at San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that Anwar and Kane will be portraying Lady Tremaine and Drizella, respectively. Cox would be portraying Tiana from The Princess and the Frog, while Reynolds would be playing an alternate version of Alice, a character previously heavily featured in the spin-off Once Upon a Time in Wonderland.[50] In August 2017, Cox was promoted to series regular.[5]

text: On August 1, it was announced that Giles Matthey would return as an adult Gideon for the season's fourth episode. The episode, also featuring Emilie de Ravin, would be centered around Rumple.[29] On that same day, it was also announced that Emma Booth was cast in a major recurring role as the Witch,[16] whose more specific identity would be revealed later on during the season.[56] On August 25, Kevin Ryan announced that he would be making an appearance as a new prince in the upcoming season.[57] On August 30, it was announced that Robin Givens had been cast as Tiana's mother, Eudora.[30]

text: On September 8, it was announced that Meegan Warner would be guest starring as an alternate version of Rapunzel, a character previously featured in one episode of season 3.[20] It was later revealed that the character would appear in a multi-episode arc.[58] On September 20, it was announced that former main Rebecca Mader would return for multiple episodes in the seventh season as Zelena, who will also have a cursed identity.[18][59]

text: On October 2, it was announced that Dr. Facilier from The Princess and the Frog would make an appearance during the season,[60] later revealed to be portrayed by Daniel Francis in the season's fifth episode.[31] On October 3, it was announced that flashbacks of the ninth episode would feature a "tweenage" Anastasia, Lady Tremaine's other biological daughter.[61]

text: On November 1, it was announced that Tiera Skovbye would be recurring as an older version of Robin, the daughter of Zelena and Robin Hood.[21] On November 2, it was announced that Nathan Parsons had been cast in a recurring role as Nick, a lawyer and potential love interest for another character.[22] On November 3, it was announced that the show was casting for the role of Naveen from The Princess and the Frog, who will be appearing in the second half of the season.[62] On November 16, actor Chad Rook announced that he had been cast in an unknown role.[63]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Hyperion Heights"
October 6, 2017
0.7/3
3.26[33]
0.7
1.72
1.4
4.98[64]

2
"A Pirate's Life"
October 13, 2017
0.7/3
2.74[34]
0.6
N/A
1.3[65]
N/A

3
"The Garden of Forking Paths"
October 20, 2017
0.5/3
2.49[35]
0.6
N/A
1.1[66]
N/A

4
"Beauty"
October 27, 2017
0.5/2
2.44[36]
0.5
N/A
1.0[67]
N/A

5
"Greenbacks"
November 3, 2017
0.5/2
2.29[37]
0.5
1.27
1.0
3.56[68]

6
"Wake Up Call"
November 10, 2017
0.5/2
2.37[38]
0.5
1.32
1.0
3.69[69]

7
"Eloise Gardener"
November 17, 2017
0.5/2
2.28[39]
0.5
1.30
1.0
3.58[70]

8
"Pretty in Blue"
November 17, 2017
0.5/2
2.28[39]
0.5
1.30
1.0
3.58[70]

9
"One Little Tear"
December 8, 2017
0.5/2
2.45[40]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

10
"The Eighth Witch"
December 15, 2017
0.5/2
2.29[41]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD