document_title: The Lovely Bones (film)

question_text: who plays the bad guy in lovely bones

question_tokens: who plays the bad guy in lovely bones

text: The Lovely Bones (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1973, 14-year-old Susie Salmon dreams about becoming a photographer. One day, Ray, a boy she has a crush on, approaches her at school and asks her out. As Susie walks home through a cornfield, she runs into her neighbor, George Harvey, who coaxes her into his underground den. Inside, Susie becomes uncomfortable and attempts to leave; when he grabs her, the scene fades until she is seen rushing past classmate Ruth Connors, apparently fleeing Harvey's den.

text: The Salmons become worried when Susie fails to return home from school. Her father, Jack, searches for her, while her mother, Abigail, waits for the police. In town, Susie sees Jack, but he does not respond to her when she calls. Susie runs home to find Harvey soaking in a bathtub. After seeing her bracelet hanging on the sink faucet near a bloody shaving razor, Susie realizes she never escaped the den and was murdered by Harvey. Screaming, she is pulled into the "In-Between", that is neither Heaven nor Earth. From there, Susie watches over her loved ones, unable to let go despite the urging of her new afterlife friend, Holly.

text: Investigating Susie's disappearance with Detective Fenerman, Jack thinks Susie was murdered by someone she knew. He researches neighbors and comes to think Harvey is the killer. Fenerman is unable to find any evidence pinpointing Harvey as a suspect, as Harvey cleaned up. Susie's sister, Lindsey, agrees with Jack's suspicions, but their casework takes a toll on Abigail, and Jack invites Abigail's alcoholic mother, Lynn, to move in with them. Feeling alienated from her husband, Abigail leaves for California. Susie, in her afterlife, learns that Harvey, who has now targeted Lindsey as his next victim, has murdered six other girls, including Holly, and that he stuffed Susie's body into a safe in his basement.

text: One night, Jack, carrying a bat, trails Harvey into the cornfield. However, Jack accidentally stumbles across Susie's friend, Clarissa. Her boyfriend, who mistakenly thinks his girlfriend is being assaulted, nearly bludgeons Jack to death as Harvey watches from a hiding spot. As Jack recuperates, Lindsey breaks into Harvey's house looking for evidence that he killed Susie. Upstairs, she finds a notebook containing a sketch of the den, a lock of Susie's hair, and news articles about Susie's disappearance. Harvey returns home and almost catches Lindsey in his house, but she escapes and rushes home to discover that her mother has returned. Not wishing to spoil her parents' reunion, she gives the book to her grandmother, who contacts the police. Harvey has already fled, having seen Lindsey running from his home – he takes the safe containing Susie's remains with him.

text: Susie's afterlife begins expanding into a larger heaven, and she is greeted by Harvey's other victims—now showing nine, including Susie. She resists Holly's urging to enter Heaven along with the others, claiming she has one final thing to do. Meanwhile, Susie's classmates Ruth and Ray are present when Harvey drives up to dispose of the safe at a sinkhole dump site. Susie returns to Earth and enters Ruth's body, causing Ruth to faint. Ray rushes to Ruth's aid only to realize she has become Susie. They kiss, completing Susie's last wish, and she returns to Heaven. Meanwhile Harvey dumps the safe in a sinkhole, leaving it to disappear in the muddy water as he drives away.

text: Sometime later, Harvey meets a young woman outside a diner and offers her a ride, but she rejects him and leaves. A large icicle falls from an overhead branch, hitting Harvey on the shoulder. He loses his balance on the ice and falls backward over a cliff to his death. Time passes, and Susie sees that her family is healing, which Susie refers to as "the lovely bones" that grew around her absence. As the film concludes, Susie finally enters Heaven, telling the audience: "My name is Salmon, like the fish; first name Susie. I was 14 years old when I was murdered on December 6, 1973. I was here for a moment and then I was gone. I wish you all a long and happy life."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Saoirse Ronan as Susie Salmon, the main character and narrator.[5] She is a 14-year-old girl who is killed by her neighbor. Ronan was 13 years old at the time of her casting and filming. Ronan and her family were originally reluctant for Ronan to accept the role because of the film's subject matter, but agreed after meeting with Jackson.[6]

Evelyn Lennon as Susie (Age 3)

Mark Wahlberg as Jack Salmon, Susie's father, who becomes obsessed with his daughter's murder case.[7][8] Wahlberg stated that his role in the film encouraged him to be a more cautious parent with his three children and to talk to them more about "not talking to strangers."[9] Before Wahlberg's casting, Ryan Gosling was set to play the role but dropped out of the film in October 2007, one month before filming.[10] Gosling had gained weight and grown a beard for the role, but said, "The age of the character versus my real age [of twenty-six] was always a concern of mine. Peter [Jackson] and I tried to make it work and ultimately it just didn't. I think the film is much better off with Mark Wahlberg in that role."[7][11] Gosling later admitted that the real reason for his firing was that he had arrived for filming 60 lbs. overweight and sporting a beard, without having discussed the physical change with Jackson.[12]
Rachel Weisz as Abigail Salmon, Susie's mother. After Susie's murder, her mother despairs and abandons the family.[8][9] Weisz stated that playing the character and the film and novel's "uplifting theme" made her look at life as a "treasure" and the film gave her a "positive feeling" rather than a "depressed" one.[9]
Susan Sarandon as Grandma Lynn, Susie's grandmother.[13][14] Sarandon stated that her character is like a "comic relief" and that her character deals with the pain of Susie's death by drinking, smoking and shooting guns.[13][14][15]
Stanley Tucci as George Harvey, a serial killer who murders Susie.[16][17] Tucci stated that he had researched his role by watching documentaries and reading books by criminal profiler John E. Douglas about catching serial killers.[18] Tucci stated that his wife, Kate, had strongly urged him not to accept his role in the film because she felt, after reading the novel, that the subject matter was "too harrowing."[16]
Michael Imperioli as Detective Len Fenerman, the detective in charge of investigating Susie's death.[19]
Rose McIver as Lindsey Salmon, Susie's younger sister. She is the first to suspect that Harvey was involved in Susie's death.[9][20] Jackson cast McIver particularly because she was an unknown actress.[20] Mclver stated that she had read and been a fan of the novel before having been cast in the film.[9]
Christian Thomas Ashdale as Buckley Salmon, Susie's younger brother.[8]
Reece Ritchie as Ray Singh, Susie's love interest and friend who is strongly affected by Susie's death.[21]
Charlie Saxton as Ronald Drake, one of the murder suspects.[22]
Amanda Michalka as Clarissa,[23] Susie's best friend. Michalka was better known as a musician prior to her casting.[23]
Carolyn Dando as Ruth Connors, a classmate of Susie's.[20][24] Jackson stated that, after he had searched all over the world for the role, he ultimately chose to cast Dando, a relatively unknown actress, who was working as a waitress before her casting.[20]
Nikki SooHoo as Denise "Holly" Le Ang, Susie's best friend in Heaven and another of Harvey's victims.
Jake Abel as Brian Nelson
Thomas McCarthy as Principal Caden
Andrew James Allen as Samuel Heckler

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: In May 2000, Film4 Productions acquired feature film rights to Alice Sebold's novel The Lovely Bones,[25] when it was a half-written manuscript. Producer Aimee Peyronnet had sought to attract studio interest to the manuscript, and an insider informed Film4's deputy head of production, Jim Wilson, of the project.[26] The company attached Luc Besson and Peyronnet's production company Seaside to the project, two years before the novel's release.[25] By February 2001, Lynne Ramsay was hired to direct and write the film adaptation of the novel.[27] In July 2002, Channel 4 shut down Film4, causing Hollywood studios and producers to pursue acquisition of feature film rights to The Lovely Bones, which had spent multiple weeks at the top of the New York Times Best Seller list. The film adaptation, which had been estimated at a budget of $15 million, remained with Channel 4 under its newly developed inhouse film unit, with Ramsay still contracted to write and direct. By October 2002, Ramsay was writing the script with fellow screenwriter Liana Dognini, with filming planned for summer 2003.[26] Author Sebold was invited by the producers to provide input on the project.[28]

text: Ramsay, who had read the novel in manuscript prior to publication, said in 2012 that her adaptation departed from it significantly. The scenes with Susie in heaven would have been depicted purely as her father's imagination. He would have become friends with Mr. Harvey, never suspecting him of having killed his daughter. "I really didn't like the My Little Pony, she's-in-heaven, everything's-O.K. aspect", she told The New York Times in 2012.[29]

text: In July 2003, the studio DreamWorks negotiated a first look deal with producer Peyronnet,[30] after DreamWorks co-founder Steven Spielberg expressed interest in the project.[31] DreamWorks did not acquire the rights to the novel, and Ramsay was eventually detached from the project as, she says, FilmFour wanted a version more faithful to the novel.[29] In April 2004, producers Peter Jackson, Fran Walsh, and Philippa Boyens entered negotiations to develop the project.[32] Jackson described the book as "a wonderfully emotional and powerful story. Like all the best fantasy, it has a solid grounding in the real world."[33] By January 2005, Jackson and Walsh planned to independently purchase film rights and to seek studio financing after a script had been developed. The producers sought to begin adapting a spec script for The Lovely Bones in January 2006, with the goal of script completion and budget estimation by the following May.[34]

text: Jackson explained he enjoyed the novel because he found it "curiously optimistic" and uplifting because of the narrator's sense of humor, adding there was a difference between its tone and subject matter. He felt very few films dealt with the loss of a loved one.[35] Jackson foresaw the most challenging element in the novel to adapt was the portrayal of Susie, the protagonist, in her heaven, and making it "ethereal and emotional but not hokey."[33] Saoirse Ronan explained Jackson chose to depict the afterlife as depending on Susie's emotions. "Whenever Susie feels happy, Heaven is sunny and there's birds and everything. Whenever it’s not so great, it's raining or she’s in the middle of an ocean."[36] Jackson described the book's description of "heaven" as being an "In-Between" rather than a true heaven and said he was not trying to paint a definitive picture of Heaven itself.[35] "[W]hen Jackson created Susie's heaven, in a 1973 world, he went through the Partridge Family television show archives as a reference."[37]

text:
"[I] basically [added] more violence and suffering, [the audience] wanted far more violence [...] They just weren't satisfied [...] We got a lot of people telling us that they were disappointed with this death scene, as they wanted to see [the character] in agony and suffer a lot more, we had to create a whole suffering death scene just to give people the satisfaction they needed."

—Jackson to Reuters on re-shooting Harvey's death scene, November 2009[38]

text: A 120-page draft of the script was written by September 2006.[39] In April 2007, the script was completed by Jackson, Walsh and Boyens; Jackson intended to direct. The three producers began seeking a studio partner to finance the film adaptation. Besides the major studios, smaller companies including United Artists were also contacted. New Line Cinema was excluded from negotiations because of Jackson's legal dispute with the studio over royalties from his The Lord of the Rings trilogy.[40] Jackson sought a beginning $65 million budget for The Lovely Bones, also requesting from studios what kind of promotional commitments and suggestions they would make for the film adaptation.[41]

text: By May, four studios remained interested in the project: DreamWorks, Warner Bros., Sony, and Universal.[42] The Lovely Bones was sold to DreamWorks for $70 million.[43] Paramount Pictures received the rights to distribute the film worldwide. Production began in October 2007 in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and New Zealand.[5][44] Shooting in parts of Delaware, Chester and Montgomery counties, including Hatfield,[45] Ridley Township, Phoenixville, Royersford, Malvern and East Fallowfield,[46] lasted a few weeks, and most of the studio shooting was done in New Zealand.[39]

text: In December 2008, Brian Eno signed on to compose the film's score. Fran Walsh, a big fan of his work, suggested him to Jackson.[47] Jackson had called Eno to request use of two of his early tracks to evoke atmosphere for the 1970s scenes in the film. When Eno asked if he could compose the whole score, Jackson was surprised, since he had heard Eno did not like working on films. For the film's ending, Eno uncovered a demo he had done in 1973 and reunited with the vocalist to create a proper version for the film, commenting: "That song from 1973 was finally finished in 2008!"[48] In November 2009, Jackson stated that he re-shot new footage of Harvey's death scene after test audiences said it was not violent enough and wanted to "see more of Harvey in pain."[10][38] Jackson said it was important to him that the movie receive a PG-13 rating so that the film could appeal to the widest possible audience, despite the necessarily violent nature of some scenes.[10]

text: Release[edit]

text: Strategy[edit]

text: The Lovely Bones was originally scheduled for release on March 13, 2009, but it was delayed to December 11, 2009, as the studio became interested in releasing the film for "awards season," which gave Jackson an opportunity to make some effects shots larger in scope.[49] The film then received a limited theater release on December 11, 2009, in the United States.[50] The film was originally set to have a wider United States theater release on December 25, 2009 (Christmas Day),[51] as part of a campaign to build its momentum into January 2010.[52] In early December it was confirmed that the United States release date had been pushed back by three weeks to January 15, 2010.[51][53] Paramount and DreamWorks did not give a reason for the change of the release date.[51] The film premiered in New Zealand on December 26, 2009, and was released in the United Kingdom on January 29 and in other countries in January 2010.

text: According to the Los Angeles Times, Paramount invested $70 million in production and an additional $85 million in worldwide marketing and distribution.[53] In December 2009, the Los Angeles Times described the marketing and promotion of The Lovely Bones as having been a "heavy advertising campaign."[52] In late July 2009, as part of the promotion, Jackson talked about the film and screened a 41⁄2 minute clip at the San Diego Comic-Con International film festival.[37]

text: As part of marketing for the film, in August 2009, people were allowed to enter a contest to win a trip to Wellington, for the film's New Zealand premiere on December 14, 2009.[54] The offer included, if the winner lived outside of Wellington, one night’s accommodation and a voucher for flight or petrol to Wellington.[54] A teaser trailer was released in August 2009, days before the film's official trailer.[55] The official trailer debuted on the television series Entertainment Tonight and was released online shortly afterwards.[37][56] In August 2009, Jackson offered a "behind-the-scenes look" at the film and discussed elements (mainly violence) in the film's plot line.[57]

text: The Los Angeles Times reported that Paramount had originally expected the film to appeal to a "sophisticated, adult audience," but after poor revenue and average reviews, the studio decided to redirect the film to an audience in another age group.[52] Surveys showed that the film was favored more by females aged 13–20 than by any other demographic. Paramount began to screen the movie "aggressively for high school- and college-age girls" during its three-screen limited release.[52]

text: Box office[edit]

text: On December 11, 2009, the film was released on three screens in Los Angeles and New York. As of January 4, 2010, the film had grossed over $389,000 in the US.[3] Claudia Eller and Ben Fritz of the Los Angeles Times felt that it did poorly at the box office in the first few weeks of its release because of average reviews and negative word-of-mouth.[52] During its opening-weekend release on three screens, it earned over $116,616, an average of estimated $38,872 per-theater revenue.[3] The film's revenue placed it at thirtieth place on the box office chart.[3] In the film's second and third weeks of release, the film saw a decrease; in the fourth week, it had a 54.3-percent increase.[58]

text: When put into wide release on January 15, 2010,[15] it grossed $17,005,133 that weekend, ranking number three at the domestic box office. By the end of its run, The Lovely Bones had made $44,114,232 domestically, and $49,507,108 overseas, for a worldwide total of $93,621,340.

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released in the US on DVD and two-disc Blu-ray April 20, 2010 and in the United Kingdom on June 11, 2010.[59]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The Lovely Bones received mixed reviews from critics, although Ronan and Tucci were praised for their performances.[60] On review aggregate Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 31%, based on 233 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's stuffed full of Peter Jackson's typically dazzling imagery, but The Lovely Bones suffers from abrupt shifts between horrific violence and cloying sentimentality."[61] Metacritic gave the film a score of 42 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[62] It is Peter Jackson's lowest rated film to date.[citation needed]

text: Ian Freer of Empire gave the film 4/5 stars.[63] Freer emphasized the "bold, daring original filmmaking, with arguably more emotional and intellectual meat to chew on than either the Rings trilogy or Kong."[63] Freer noted that, like The Lord of the Rings, the film "does a fantastic job with revered, complex source material" and that, since it is "as terrific on terra firma as it is audacious in its astral plane", it is "doubtful" that there would be a "more imaginative" and "courageous film" in 2010.[63]

text: Richard Corliss of Time wrote that "through [Peter] Jackson's art" and Ronan's "magic" the "obscenity of child murder has been invested with immense gravity and grace" and "like the story of Susie's life after death, that's a miracle."[64] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone felt that the film was "conveyed" in a "remarkable performance" by Ronan and described Tucci as being "magnificent as a man of uncontrollable impulses" to "help Jackson cut a path to a humanity that supersedes life and death."[65] Travers praised Jackson for building "jolting suspense." Despite praising the film, however, Travers noted that while the book "never flinched," the film does, and while the "business is being transacted" by Jackson with a "Lord of the Rings fantasy" the film "attunes himself to a family tragedy."[65]

text: Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film 2/4 stars, remarking that while "[Peter] Jackson gets the thriller scenes right", the "conceit of Susie trapped in a DayGlo world between the one she left and her final resting place, imparting lessons on coping with death, feels preachy."[66] Puig also described the film as having 'strike' "clashing tones" that veer from "lightheartedness to heavy-handedness."[66] Puig also criticized the film's computer-generated imagery, describing it as being "cheesy" and felt that it broke "no ground."[66] Kirt Honeycutt, of the Hollywood Reporter, described the film as telling "a fundamentally different story" which is "one that is not without its tension, humor and compelling details", but that "it's also a simpler, more button-pushing tale that misses the joy and heartbreak of the original."[67] Honeycutt also described Jackson as having transformed Sebold's "startling, unique novel about the aftermath of a terrible murder" into a story that's more "focused on crime and punishment."[67]

text:
"[Alice] Sebold's book would've had a tough leap to the multiplex no matter who guided it. But [Peter] Jackson is too enamored with the idea of mixing heaven and the heebie-jeebies, so he's made the skeevy equivalent of a Mitch Albom book with some pulp fiction pressed between its covers."

Joe Neumaier, New York Daily News[68]

text: Stephanie Zacharek, of Salon.com, viewed the film as being "an expensive-looking mess that fails to capture the mood, and the poetry, of its source material" because "good actors fighting a poorly conceived script, under the guidance of a director who can no longer make the distinction between imaginativeness and computer-generated effects."[69] Todd McCarthy, of Variety, felt that Jackson had undermined the "solid work from a good cast" with "show-offy celestial evocations" that "severely disrupt the emotional connections with the characters."[70] McCarthy stated that he felt that the film, overall, was a "significant artistic disappointment."[70] Joe Neumaier, of New York Daily News, described Jackson as having "siphoned out all the soulfulness" that made the author's "combination thriller/afterlife fantasy a best-seller" and that the film was "a gumball-colored potboiler that's more squalid than truly mournful."[68] Neumaier also wrote that the film and Jackson "wasted" a "good cast."[68] Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 1.5 stars out of 4, calling it "deplorable", and criticizing the apparent message that Susie's murder eventually made her happier. He was also critical of the film's portrayal of Heaven, which he compared to "happy gathering of new Facebook friends". However, he praised the acting, stating that "this whole film is Jackson's fault".[71]

text: According to the British Board of Film Classification (BBFC), the rating given to The Lovely Bones received 24 objections, more than any other movie in 2010. The BBFC report states, "Many found the film to be a shocking and upsetting experience. The scene in which young Susie is entrapped by the killer, and the subsequent sequence in which the killer soaks in a bath after the murder, were compared by some complainants to scenes in ‘18’ rated horror films." The BBFC rated the movie a 12A, and many complained that the movie was upsetting for a younger audience. Nevertheless, the BBFC defended its rating: "The Lovely Bones lacked any explicit detail of the murder and any sexual elements were downplayed. The audience’s sympathies remain entirely with the family and the film had many positive messages about life."[72][73][74][75][76]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

7th Irish Film and Television Awards
Best Leading Actress
Saoirse Ronan
Won

63rd British Academy Film Awards[77]
Best Actress in a Leading Role
Saoirse Ronan
Nominated

Best Actor in a Supporting Role
Stanley Tucci
Nominated

82nd Academy Awards
Best Supporting Actor

67th Golden Globe Awards[78]
Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Motion Picture

16th Screen Actors Guild Awards[79]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Supporting Role

36th Saturn Awards

Best Supporting Actress
Susan Sarandon
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
Stanley Tucci
Nominated

Best Performance by a Younger Actor
Saoirse Ronan
Won

2009 Washington DC Area Film Critics Association Awards[80]
Best Supporting Actor
Stanley Tucci
Nominated

Best Art Direction
The Lovely Bones
Nominated

2009 Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards[80]
Best Actress
Saoirse Ronan
Nominated

Best Young Actor/Actress
Won

Best Supporting Actor
Stanley Tucci
Nominated

Best Art Direction
The Lovely Bones

Best Cinematography

Best Visual Effects


document_title: South Australian state election, 2018

question_text: who won the seat of king in south australia

root

text: South Australian state election, 2018

text: Results[edit]

text: House of Assembly[edit]

text:
South Australian state election, 17 March 2018[1][2][3]
House of Assembly
<< 2014–2022 >>

Enrolled voters
1,201,775

Votes cast
1,093,584

Turnout
91.00
−0.94

Informal votes
44,871

Informal
4.10
+1.01

Summary of votes by party

Party
Primary votes
%
Swing
Seats
Change

Liberal
398,182
37.97
−6.81
25
+3

Labor
343,896
32.79
−3.01
19
−4

SA-BEST
148,360
14.15
+14.15
0
0

Greens
69,826
6.66
−2.05
0
0

Conservatives
31,826
3.03
−3.21
0
0

Dignity
15,565
1.48
+0.90
0
0

Animal Justice
3,262
0.31
+0.31
0
0

Danig
732
0.07
+0.07
0
0

Stop Population Growth Now
284
0.03
+0.03
0
0

Independent
36,780
3.51
−0.22
3
+1

Total
1,048,713

47

Two-party-preferred

Liberal
544,654
51.94
–1.07

Labor
504,059
48.06
+1.07

tag: table

text: ^a : House results are final.[4]

tag: p

text: Independents: Frances Bedford, Troy Bell, Geoff Brock

text: The Liberal opposition formed a two-seat majority government with 25 of 47 seats, after retaining three of the four redistributed notionally Liberal seats won by Labor at the previous election (Colton, Elder and Newland) and winning the newly-created notionally ultra marginal Labor seat of King. The Labor government went in to opposition with 19 seats. Despite the change of government, there was actually a state-wide two-party-preferred swing away from the Liberals toward Labor.[2][3][4][5]

text: Seats changing hands[edit]

text:
Seat
Pre-election
Swing
Post-election[6]

Party
Member
Margin*
Margin
Member
Party

Florey

Labor
Frances Bedford
9.1
15.2
6.1
Frances Bedford
Independent

King

Labor
vacant – new seat
<0.1
0.7
0.7
Paula Luethen
Liberal

Mount Gambier

Liberal
Troy Bell
21.4
31.7
10.3
Troy Bell
Independent

1 Frances Bedford resigned from Labor in March 2017 to sit as an independent, after she failed to gain preselection.
2 Troy Bell resigned from the Liberals in August 2017 to sit as an independent, after he was charged by the state ICAC.
* Notional margins were calculated by the ABC's election analyst Antony Green.

text: Party-redistributed seats[edit]

text:
Seat
2014 Election
2016 Redistribution
Swing
2018 Election[6]

Party
Member
Margin
Party
Member
Margin*
Margin
Member
Party

Colton

Labor
Paul Caica
1.5

Liberal
Notional
3.9
4.0
7.9
Matt Cowdrey
Liberal

Elder

Labor
Annabel Digance
1.8

Liberal
Notional
4.1
0.3
4.4
Carolyn Habib
Liberal

Mawson

Labor
Leon Bignell
4.6

Liberal
Notional
4.2
4.5
0.3
Leon Bignell
Labor

Newland

Labor
Tom Kenyon
1.4

Liberal
Notional
0.2
1.7
2.0
Richard Harvey
Liberal

* Notional margins were calculated by the ABC's election analyst Antony Green.

text: The seats of Colton, Elder, Mawson and Newland were won by Labor at the previous election, but the 2016 redistribution made them notionally Liberal seats. Colton, Elder and Newland were won by the Liberals; Mawson was retained by Labor.[6]

text: Pendulum[edit]

text:
LIBERAL SEATS (25)

Marginal

King
Paula Luethen
LIB
0.7%

Adelaide
Rachel Sanderson
LIB
1.0%

Heysen
Josh Teague
LIB
1.8% v SAB

Newland
Richard Harvey
LIB
2.0%

Elder
Carolyn Habib
LIB
4.4%

Finniss
David Basham
LIB
4.6% v SAB

Fairly safe

Dunstan
Steven Marshall
LIB
6.1%

Hartley
Vincent Tarzia
LIB
7.8%

Waite
Sam Duluk
LIB
7.8%

Colton
Matt Cowdrey
LIB
7.9%

Chaffey
Tim Whetstone
LIB
8.6% v SAB

Black
David Speirs
LIB
8.7%

Davenport
Steve Murray
LIB
8.8%

Gibson
Corey Wingard
LIB
9.3%

Narungga
Fraser Ellis
LIB
9.5% v SAB

Kavel
Dan Cregan
LIB
9.7% v SAB

Safe

Morphett
Stephen Patterson
LIB
10.5%

Morialta
John Gardner
LIB
10.7%

Unley
David Pisoni
LIB
11.3%

Hammond
Adrian Pederick
LIB
12.1% v SAB

Schubert
Stephan Knoll
LIB
14.3%

Bragg
Vickie Chapman
LIB
17.4%

MacKillop
Nick McBride
LIB
17.6% v SAB

Stuart
Dan van Holst Pellekaan
LIB
23.1%

Flinders
Peter Treloar
LIB
26.3%

LABOR SEATS (19)

Marginal

Mawson
Leon Bignell
ALP
0.3%

Wright
Blair Boyer
ALP
3.5%

Lee
Stephen Mullighan
ALP
3.8%

Torrens
Dana Wortley
ALP
4.6%

Hurtle Vale
Nat Cook
ALP
5.3%

Badcoe
Jayne Stinson
ALP
5.5%

Taylor
Jon Gee
ALP
5.7% v SAB

Fairly safe

Giles
Eddie Hughes
ALP
7.4% v SAB

Enfield
John Rau
ALP
7.9%

Light
Tony Piccolo
ALP
9.9%

Safe

Port Adelaide
Susan Close
ALP
11.1% v SAB

West Torrens
Tom Koutsantonis
ALP
13.2%

Elizabeth
Lee Odenwalder
ALP
13.9% v SAB

Reynell
Katrine Hildyard
ALP
14.5%

Kaurna
Chris Picton
ALP
14.9%

Ramsay
Zoe Bettison
ALP
15.5% v SAB

Cheltenham
Jay Weatherill
ALP
15.9%

Playford
Michael Brown
ALP
16.3%

Croydon
Peter Malinauskas
ALP
24.4%

INDEPENDENT SEATS (3)

Florey
Frances Bedford
IND
6.1% v ALP

Frome
Geoff Brock
IND
8.2% v LIB

Mt Gambier
Troy Bell
IND
10.3% v LIB

text: Legislative Council[edit]

text:
South Australian state election, 17 March 2018b[7][8]
Legislative Council
<< 2014–2022 >>

Enrolled voters
1,201,775

Votes cast
1,094,198

Turnout
91.0
(−1.1)

Informal votes
46,203

Informal
4.2
+0.3

Summary of votes by party

Party
Primary votes
%
Swing
Seats
won
Seats
held

Liberal
337,838
32.2
−3.8
3
8

Labor
301,985
28.8
−2.2
3
7

SA-BEST
202,878
19.4
+6.5
2
2

Greens
61,554
5.9
−0.6

1

Conservatives
36,309
3.5
−0.9

Liberal Democrats
25,558
2.4
+1.8

Animal Justice
22,831
2.2
+1.3

Dignity
20,273
1.9
+1.0

Child Protection
16,034
1.5
+1.5

Stop Population Growth Now
12,579
1.2
+0.8

Advance SA
4,252
0.4
+0.4

1

Danig
102
0.0
+0.0

Independent
5,802
0.6
−3.8

In doubt

3
3

Total
1,047,995

11
22

text: ^b : Council results are not final, with seat outcome expected in mid-April; last updated 5 April 2018.

text: The 11 of 22 seats up for election were 4 Liberal, 4 Labor, 1 Green, 1 Conservative and 1 Dignity. The most likely scenario for the 11 seats up for election is 4 Liberal, 4 Labor, 2 SA Best and 1 Green.[4][9] Conservative MLC Dennis Hood, who had been elected as a Family First MLC in 2014, defected to the Liberals nine days after the 2018 state election.[10][11] The 22 seat upper house composition would therefore be 9 Liberal on the government benches, 8 Labor on the opposition benches, and 5 to minor parties on the crossbench, consisting of 2 SA Best, 2 Green, and 1 Advance SA.[4] The government would therefore require at least three additional non-government members to form a majority and carry votes on the floor.

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Four hours after the close of polls, at approximately 10pm ACDST, incumbent Premier Jay Weatherill telephoned Steven Marshall and conceded defeat. Weatherill subsequently publicly announced that he had conceded, saying, "I'm sorry I couldn't bring home another victory, but I do feel like one of those horses that has won four Melbourne Cups and I think the handicap has caught up with us on this occasion." Marshall claimed victory saying, "A massive thank you to the people of South Australia who have put their trust, their faith in me and the Liberal team for a new dawn, a new dawn for South Australia!"[12][13][14][15][16] After the SA Best party failed to win a seat including Hartley, Nick Xenophon ruled out a return to federal politics.[17]

text: Following the election outcome, Peter Malinauskas became Leader of the Opposition and succeeded Jay Weatherill who had resigned as Labor leader, with Susan Close as deputy, following a Labor caucus meeting on 9 April 2018.[18][19][20]

text: Campaign[edit]

text: Nick Xenophon announced a few SA Best lower house candidates. Polls had included Xenophon's party as one of the four parties they monitored explicitly since February 2016.[21] Originally, SA Best planned to only contest 12 seats.[22] This was increased to 20.[22] On 27 January, a landmark was passed when Xenophon announced eight new candidates, making a total of 24. This was the minimum number to be theoretically capable of forming majority government in the 47-seat house.[23] On 1 February, Xenophon said it was likely the total number of SA Best lower house candidates would be around 30.[24]

text: After early opinion polls indicated that it could outperform other parties,[25] the party ultimately contested 36 seats in the House of Assembly and put forward four candidates for the upper house.

text: Opinion polling indicated a strong performance for the party was possible in at least 10 seats.[26]

text: Ultimately, the party failed to secure any lower house seats,[27] although there was a close contest in the seat of Heysen.[28] Xenophon lost the seat of Hartley, with un-finalised results indicating a two-party preferred vote of around 42%.[29] The party came second on primary votes in ten seats; the strongest results were in Chaffey, Finniss, and Hartley, where the party received over 25%.[29][30][31] SA Best did, however, secure two upper house positions, with the successful election of Connie Bonaros, the campaign manager, and Frank Pangallo, Xenophon's former media advisor.[32][33]

text:
Seat
Party
NXT vote

Heysen
LIB
31.2%

Chaffey
LIB
30.5%

Finniss
LIB
30.4%

Kavel
LIB
29.8%

Morialta
LIB
26.9%

Giles
ALP
26.5%

Mawson
LIB (notional)
25.8%

Stuart
LIB
25.8%

Mt Gambier
LIB
25.4%

Narungga
LIB
25.0%

Hammond
LIB
24.3%

Davenport
LIB
24.2%

Newland
LIB (notional)
23.7%

Hartley
LIB
23.7%

Waite
LIB
23.5%

text: According to Stirling Griff, the infamous "Bollywood ad" was his idea and actually improved SA Best's vote in private polling. However, polling also indicated a 5% drop in SA Best's vote as a direct result of negative advertisements by the Australian Hotels Association (AHA).[34]

text: Cory Bernardi's new party Australian Conservatives which merged with Family First Party with its two state incumbents Dennis Hood and Robert Brokenshire with the Australian Conservatives in April 2017 also ran its first election. It would not win any seats.

text: Key seats for SA Best[edit]

text: The table lists, according to The Poll Bludger website and based on the Nick Xenophon Team's Senate vote performance at the 2016 federal election, the strongest SA Best seats.[26]

text: Though most of the listed seats are safe Liberal seats, a third party or candidate with a substantial vote was believed to be more likely to be successful in a traditionally safe seat than a marginal seat due to it being easier to out-poll the comparatively low primary vote of the seat's traditionally uncompetitive major party, usually before but occasionally after the distribution of preferences (see Frome state by-election, 2009). If the third party attracts enough first preference votes away from the dominant party, then it is possible that the preferences of voters for the second traditional party will assist the new party's candidate to overtake and therefore defeat the incumbent on the two-candidate-preferred vote (rather than the normally pivotal two-party-preferred vote). According to The Poll Bludger, Nick Xenophon's SA Best candidates "will stand an excellent chance in any seat where they are able to outpoll one or other major party, whose voters will overwhelmingly place them higher than the candidate of the rival major party. In that circumstance, the more strongly performing major party candidate will be in serious trouble unless their own primary vote approaches 50%, which will be difficult to achieve in circumstances where approaching a quarter of the vote has gone to SA Best."[26]

text: Analysis in December 2017 from polling company Essential Research found SA Best preference flows of 60/40 to Liberal/Labor, indicating that the substantial third party presence of SA Best is eating in to the Liberal vote somewhat greater than the Labor vote.[35]

text: Background[edit]

text: Overview[edit]

text: There were fourteen political parties registered with the Electoral Commission of South Australia at the time of the election, which were consequently eligible to field candidates for election.[36] Aside from the major parties (Labor and Liberal parties), SA-Best, which polled higher figures than the major parties on occasion, ran in 36 seats, more than the 24 theoretically required to form government.[37] The fourteen parties registered with the Commission were Advance SA, Animal Justice Party, Australian Conservatives, Child Protection Party, Danig Party of Australia, Dignity Party, the Australian Greens SA, Australian Labor Party (SA Branch) and Country Labor Party, Liberal Party of Australia (SA Division), Liberal Democratic Party, the National Party of Australia (SA) Inc, Nick Xenophon's SA-BEST, and Stop Population Growth Now.[36] Since the previous election, six new parties had registered: Danig Party of Australia, Animal Justice Party, Nick Xenophon's SA-BEST, Australian Conservatives, Advance SA and the Child Protection Party. Four were no longer registered: FREE Australia Party, Fishing and Lifestyle Party, Multicultural Progress Party and the Family First Party.[38][39]

text: Voting changes[edit]

text: Like federal elections, South Australia has compulsory voting and uses full-preference instant-runoff voting for single-member electorates in the lower house. However, following similar Senate changes which took effect from the 2016 federal election, South Australia's single transferable vote in the proportionally represented upper house changed from group voting tickets to optional preferential voting − instructions for above the line votes were to mark '1' and then further preferences optional as opposed to preference flows from simply '1' above the line being determined by group voting tickets, while instructions for voters who instead opt to vote below the line were to provide at least twelve preferences as opposed to having to number all candidates, and with a savings provision to admit ballot papers which indicate at least six below-the-line preferences.[40]

text: Previous election[edit]

text: The 2014 election resulted in a hung parliament with 23 seats for Labor and 22 for the Liberals. The balance of power rested with the two crossbench independents, Bob Such and Geoff Brock. Such did not indicate who he would support in a minority government before he went on medical leave for a brain tumour, diagnosed one week after the election. University of Adelaide Professor and Political Commentator Clem Macintyre said the absence of Such virtually guaranteed that Brock would back Labor – with 24 seats required to govern, Brock duly provided support to the incumbent Labor government, allowing Premier Jay Weatherill to continue in office as head of a minority government. Macintyre said:[41]

text: If Geoff Brock had gone with the Liberals, then the Parliament would have effectively been tied 23 to 23, so once Bob Such became ill and stepped away then Geoff Brock, I think had no choice but to side with Labor.

text: The Liberals were reduced to 21 seats in May 2014 when Martin Hamilton-Smith became an independent and entered cabinet with Brock. Both Hamilton-Smith and Brock agreed to support the government on confidence and supply while retaining the right to otherwise vote on conscience. It is Labor's longest-serving South Australian government and the second longest-serving South Australian government behind the Playmander-assisted Thomas Playford IV. Aside from Playford, it is the second time that any party has won four consecutive state elections in South Australia, the first occurred when Don Dunstan led Labor to four consecutive victories between 1970 and 1977. Recent hung parliaments occurred when Labor came to government at the 2002 election and prior to that at the 1997 election which saw the South Australian Division of the Liberal Party of Australia, created in 1974, win re-election for the first time. Following the 2014 election, Labor went from minority to majority government when Nat Cook won the 2014 Fisher by-election by five votes from a 7.3 percent two-party swing which was triggered by the death of Such. Despite this, the Jay Weatherill Labor government kept Brock and Hamilton-Smith in cabinet, giving the government a 26 to 21 parliamentary majority.[42] Frances Bedford resigned from Labor and became an independent in March 2017 after minister Jack Snelling was endorsed for Florey pre-selection as a result of the major electoral redistribution ahead of the 2018 election. As with the rest of the crossbench, Bedford will continue to provide confidence and supply support to the incumbent Labor government.[43] Duncan McFetridge resigned from the Liberals and moved to the crossbench as an independent in May 2017 after Stephen Patterson was endorsed for Morphett pre-selection.[44] Troy Bell resigned from the Liberals and moved to the crossbench as an independent in August 2017 due to criminal financial allegations.[45]

text: By-elections[edit]

text: Independent Bob Such died from a brain tumour on 11 October 2014 which triggered a by-election in Fisher for 6 December.[46] Labor's Nat Cook won the by-election by nine votes with a 7.3 percent two-party swing against the Liberals, resulting in a change from minority to majority government. On a 0.02 percent margin it is the most marginal seat in parliament.[42] Despite this, the Jay Weatherill Labor government kept crossbench MPs Geoff Brock and Martin Hamilton-Smith in cabinet, giving the government a 26 to 21 parliamentary majority.[42] ABC psephologist Antony Green described the by-election as a "very bad result for the Liberal Party in South Australia" both state and federally, and that a fourth term government gaining a seat at a by-election is unprecedented in Australian history.[47]

text: Liberal Iain Evans in Davenport resigned from parliament on 30 October 2014 which triggered a 2015 Davenport by-election for 31 January.[48][49][50][51] Liberal Sam Duluk won the seat despite a five percent two-party swing, turning the historically safe seat of Davenport in to a two-party marginal seat for the first time.[52] ABC psephologist Antony Green described it as "another poor result for the South Australian Liberal Party",[53] following the 2014 Fisher by-election which saw Labor go from minority to majority government.[42]

text: Upper house casual vacancies[edit]

text: Following the parliamentary resignation of former Labor Minister Bernard Finnigan on 12 November 2015 following his conviction for accessing child pornography.[54] SDA secretary Peter Malinauskas filled the Legislative Council casual vacancy in a joint sitting of the Parliament of South Australia on 1 December.[55]

text: Following the parliamentary resignation of Labor MLC Gerry Kandelaars on 17 February 2017, Justin Hanson filled the Legislative Council casual vacancy in a joint sitting of the Parliament of South Australia on 28 February.[56][57]

text: Dates[edit]

text: The key dates for the 2018 election were:[58]

text:
17 February 2018 Issue of the writs by the Governor of South Australia
23 February 2018 Close of rolls (noon)
23 February 2018 Close of nominations for party-endorsed candidates (5pm)
26 February 2018 Close of nominations for independent candidates (noon)
26 February 2018 Declaration of candidates and draws for ballot paper order (House of Assembly)
27 February 2018 Declaration of candidates and draws for ballot paper order (Legislative Council)
5 March 2018 Pre-poll voting opens
17 March 2018 Election Day (8am–6pm)
24 March 2018 last day to receive postal votes
26-30 March 2018 Expected formal declaration of results for House of Assembly seats in this week
Mid April 2018 Expected formal declaration of results for Legislative council

text: The last state election was held on 15 March 2014 to elect members for the House of Assembly and half of the members in the Legislative Council. In South Australia, section 28 of the Constitution Act 1934, as amended in 2001, directs that parliaments have fixed four-year terms, and elections must be held on the third Saturday in March every four years unless this date falls the day after Good Friday, occurs within the same month as a Commonwealth election, or the conduct of the election could be adversely affected by a state disaster. Section 28 also states that the Governor may also dissolve the Assembly and call an election for an earlier date if the Government has lost the confidence of the Assembly or a bill of special importance has been rejected by the Legislative Council. Section 41 states that both the Council and the Assembly may also be dissolved simultaneously if a deadlock occurs between them.[59][60]

text: The Electoral (Miscellaneous) Amendment Act 2013 introduced set dates for writs for general elections in South Australia. The writ sets the dates for the close of the electoral roll and the close of nominations for an election. The Electoral Act 1985 requires that, for a general election, the writ be issued 28 days before the date fixed for polling (S47(2a)) and the electoral roll be closed at 12 noon, six days after the issue of the writ (S48(3(a)(i)). The close of nominations will be at 12 noon three days after the close of rolls (Electoral Act 1985 S48(4)(a) and S4(1)).

text: Redistributions and the two-party vote[edit]

text: To produce "fair" electoral boundaries, the Electoral Commission of South Australia (ECSA) has been required following the 1989 election to redraw boundaries after each election through a "fairness clause" in the state constitution, with the objective that the party which receives over 50 percent of the statewide two-party vote at the forthcoming election should win the two-party vote in a majority of seats in terms of the two-party-preferred vote calculated in all seats regardless of any differing two-candidate-preferred vote.[61]

text: The Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission released a new draft redistribution in August 2016, as calculated from the 24 Liberal−23 Labor seat count by two-party vote as recorded in all 47 seats at the 2014 state election (subsequent by-election results including the significant 2014 Fisher by-election are not counted). The net change proposed would have seen a 25 Liberal−22 Labor notional seat count.[62]

text: The proposed changes in the draft redistribution contained significant boundary redrawing. Seven seats would be renamed − Ashford would become Badcoe, Mitchell would become Black, Bright would become Gibson, Fisher would become Hurtle Vale, Napier would become King, Goyder would become Narungga, while Little Para would once again become Elizabeth. In two-party terms since the previous election, the seats of Mawson and Elder would become notionally Liberal seats, while Hurtle Vale would become a notionally Labor seat. Mawson in the outer southern suburbs would geographically change the most, stretching along the coast right through to as far as and including Kangaroo Island. Hurtle Vale's margin change of 9 percent would be the largest in the state, with Mawson to change 8.3 percent and King to change 8 percent.[62][63][64][65]

text: Upon the release of the draft redistribution, Liberal MP Rachel Sanderson organised the mass distribution of a pro forma document in the two inner metropolitan suburbs of Walkerville and Gilberton, which aimed for residents to use the pro forma document to submit their objection to the commission in support of Sanderson's campaign to keep the two suburbs in her seat of Adelaide, which in the draft would have been transferred to neighbouring Torrens. Sanderson's position however was at odds with her own party's submission which in fact agreed with the commission that Walkerville should be transferred to Torrens. Under the commission's draft proposal, the Liberal margin in Adelaide would have been reduced from 2.4 percent to 0.6 percent, but would have also resulted in the Labor margin in Torrens reduced from 3.5 percent to 1.1 percent. Of a record 130 total submissions received in response to the draft redistribution, about 100 (over three quarters of all submissions) were from Walkerville and Gilberton.[66][67][68][69][70][71] As a result, the commission reversed the draft decision in the final publication.[72]

text: Along with other various alterations in the final publication released in December 2016, in addition to Hurtle Vale becoming a notionally Labor seat and Mawson and Elder becoming notionally Liberal seats in the draft redistribution, the final redistribution additionally turned Newland and the bellwether of Colton in to notionally Liberal seats. These further changes provide a 27 Liberal−20 Labor notional seat count in two-party terms, a net change of three seats from Labor to Liberal since the previous election.[72][73][74][75]

text: Labor objected to the commission's interpretation of the fairness requirements and appealed against it to the Supreme Court of South Australia in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution Act 1934 (SA). Labor sought to have the redistribution order quashed and have the Boundaries Commission make a fresh redistribution. The Grounds of Appeal were stated to relate to the Commission's interpretation of section 77 relating to the number of electors in each electoral district,[76][77] with the redistribution reducing the number of voters in rural seats and increasing the number of voters in metropolitan seats, though still within the one vote one value 10 percent tolerance. The Supreme Court appeal was rejected on 10 March 2017. Labor considered but decided against an appeal to the High Court.[78][79]

text: Post-redistribution pendulum[edit]

text: Below post-redistribution margins listed were calculated by the South Australian Electoral Districts Boundaries Commission,[72] and differ somewhat from those calculated by the ABC's Antony Green.[80] The EDBC is the only redistribution authority in Australia that is required to examine voting patterns in drawing electoral boundaries, and in doing so, assume that the proportion of each party's vote in the declaration vote (postal, pre-poll and absent votes) is evenly distributed across the whole of each former electorate. Antony Green's margin estimates are more accurately calculated using declaration votes from the redistributed polling booths.[81]

text: Retiring members are shown in italic text.

text:
LABOR SEATS BY NOTIONAL 2PP (20)

Marginal

King
Jon Gee
ALP
1.4%

Hurtle Vale
Nat Cook
ALP
1.7%

Lee
Stephen Mullighan
ALP
2.6%

Torrens
Dana Wortley
ALP
2.6%

Light
Tony Piccolo
ALP
3.9%

Badcoe
Steph Key
ALP
4.2%

Wright
Jennifer Rankine
ALP
4.5%

Giles
Eddie Hughes
ALP
5.7%

Fairly safe

Enfield
John Rau
ALP
6.2%

Kaurna
Chris Picton
ALP
8.4%

Taylor
Leesa Vlahos
ALP
8.8%

Florey
Frances Bedford (IND)
ALP
9.2%

Reynell
Katrine Hildyard
ALP
9.8%

Elizabeth
Lee Odenwalder
ALP
9.9%

Safe

Playford
Jack Snelling
ALP
11.5%

West Torrens
Tom Koutsantonis
ALP
12.2%

Port Adelaide
Susan Close
ALP
12.5%

Cheltenham
Jay Weatherill
ALP
14.4%

Ramsay
Zoe Bettison
ALP
17.4%

Croydon
Michael Atkinson
ALP
19.6%

LIBERAL SEATS BY NOTIONAL 2PP (27)

Marginal

Newland
Tom Kenyon (ALP)
LIB
0.1%

Adelaide
Rachel Sanderson
LIB
2.0%

Black
David Speirs
LIB
2.6%

Mawson
Leon Bignell (ALP)
LIB
3.2%

Gibson
Corey Wingard
LIB
3.2%

Hartley
Vincent Tarzia
LIB
3.3%

Colton
Paul Caica (ALP)
LIB
3.7%

Dunstan
Steven Marshall
LIB
3.9%

Elder
Annabel Digance (ALP)
LIB
4.3%

Fairly safe

Morphett
Duncan McFetridge (IND)
LIB
7.7%

Davenport
Sam Duluk
LIB
8.9%

Unley
David Pisoni
LIB
9.2%

Safe

Waite
Martin Hamilton-Smith (IND)
LIB
10.4%

Frome
Geoff Brock (IND)
LIB
10.5%

Morialta
John Gardner
LIB
11.6%

Schubert
Stephan Knoll
LIB
12.4%

Heysen
Isobel Redmond
LIB
13.2%

Finniss
Michael Pengilly
LIB
13.7%

Narungga
Steven Griffiths
LIB
13.8%

Kavel
Mark Goldsworthy
LIB
14.1%

Hammond
Adrian Pederick
LIB
16.3%

Bragg
Vickie Chapman
LIB
16.6%

Stuart
Dan van Holst Pellekaan
LIB
20.1%

Mt Gambier
Troy Bell (IND)
LIB
21.6%

Chaffey
Tim Whetstone
LIB
24.4%

MacKillop
Mitch Williams
LIB
26.7%

Flinders
Peter Treloar
LIB
28.7%

text: Retiring MPs[edit]

text: Labor[edit]

text:
Michael Atkinson MHA (Croydon)[82]
Paul Caica MHA (Colton)[83]
Steph Key MHA (Ashford)[82]
Jennifer Rankine MHA (Wright)[82]
Jack Snelling MHA (Playford)[84]
Leesa Vlahos MHA (Taylor)[85]
Gail Gago MLC[86]
John Gazzola MLC[87]

text: Liberal[edit]

text:
Mark Goldsworthy MHA (Kavel)[88]
Steven Griffiths MHA (Goyder)[89]
Michael Pengilly MHA (Finniss)[88]
Isobel Redmond MHA (Heysen)[88]
Mitch Williams MHA (MacKillop)[88]

text: Independent[edit]

text: Martin Hamilton-Smith MHA (Waite)[90]

text: Polling[edit]

text: The July to September 2014 Newspoll saw Labor leading the Liberals on the two-party preferred (2PP) vote for the first time since 2009.[91][92] The October to December 2015 Newspoll saw Marshall's leadership approval rating plummet 11 points to 30 percent, the equal lowest Newspoll approval rating in history for a South Australian Opposition Leader since Dale Baker in 1990.[93][94][92]

text: The first state-level Newspoll to be conducted in two years, in late 2017, did not publish a 2PP figure, claiming that calculating it had become difficult due to the large third-party primary vote of SA Best.[95] Roy Morgan ceased publishing a 2PP figure from January 2018.[96]

text: Essential polling's 2PP figures were calculated with approximated SA Best preference flows of 60/40 to Liberal/Labor.[35]

text:
House of Assembly (lower house) polling

Date
Firm
Primary vote
2PP vote

ALP
LIB
BST
GRN
OTH
ALP
LIB

17 Mar 2018 election

32.8%
38.0%
14.1%
6.7%
8.4%
48.1%
51.9%

Trend
Poll Bludger [97]
30.6%
32.8%
18.0%
7.6%
11.1%
–
–

15 Mar 2018
ReachTEL [98]
31%
34%
16%
8%
11%
52%
48%

13–15 Mar 2018
Newspoll [98]
31%
34%
17%
8%
10%
–
–

27 Feb–1 Mar 2018
Newspoll [99]
30%
32%
21%
7%
10%
–
–

29 Jan 2018
ReachTEL [100]
26.1%
33.4%
17.6%
5.5%
9.1%
–
–

11–12 Jan 2018
Morgan [96]
23.5%
32%
28.5%
9%
7%
–
–

Oct–Dec 2017
Essential [35]
34%
31%
22%
8%
6%
51%
49%

Oct–Dec 2017
Newspoll [101]
27%
29%
32%
6%
6%
–
–

Jul–Sep 2017
Essential [102]
37%
30%
18%
6%
10%
52%
48%

28–29 Jun 2017
Galaxy [103]
28%
34%
21%
6%
11%
50%
50%

Apr–Jun 2017
Essential [102]
36%
31%
19%
7%
8%
52%
48%

Jan–Mar 2017
Essential [102]
35%
28%
18%
6%
12%
52%
48%

Oct–Dec 2016
Essential [102]
35%
32%
17%
7%
8%
51%
49%

1–2 Oct 2016
Morgan [104]
24.5%
36.5%
19.5%
11%
8.5%
46%
54%

12–14 Sep 2016
Galaxy [103]
27%
35%
22%
7%
9%
50%
50%

Jul–Sep 2016
Essential [105]
38%
30%
16%
7%
9%
54%
46%

Apr–Jun 2016
Essential [105]
34%
30%
20%
7%
9%
51%
49%

Jan–Mar 2016
Essential [105]
37%
29%
15%
9%
10%
54%
46%

3–5 Feb 2016
Galaxy [103]
28%
33%
24%
7%
8%
49%
51%

Oct–Dec 2015
Essential [105]
39%
32%
–
10%
19%
54%
46%

Oct–Dec 2015
Newspoll [106]
36%
38%
–
9%
17%
51%
49%

Apr–Jun 2015
Newspoll [106]
36%
33%
–
10%
21%
54%
46%

Jan–Mar 2015
Newspoll [106]
36%
33%
–
10%
21%
54%
46%

Oct–Dec 2014
Newspoll [106]
35%
33%
–
10%
22%
53%
47%

Jul–Sep 2014
Newspoll [106]
34%
36%
–
9%
21%
51%
49%

15 Mar 2014 election

35.8%
44.8%
–
8.7%
10.7%
47.0%
53.0%

10–13 Mar 2014
Newspoll [107]
34%
41%
–
9%
16%
47.7%
52.3%

21–27 Feb 2014
Newspoll [107]
34%
44%
–
7%
15%
46%
54%

text:
Better Premier and satisfaction polling^

Date
Firm
Better Premier

Weatherill
Marshall

Weatherill
Marshall

Satisfied
Dissatisfied
Satisfied
Dissatisfied

17 Mar 2018 election

–
–

–
–
–
–

13–15 Mar 2018
Newspoll [98]
38%
33%

33%
53%
30%
50%

27 Feb–1 Mar 2018
Newspoll [99]
38%
31%

33%
54%
28%
54%

Oct–Dec 2017
Newspoll [101]
37%
32%

34%
53%
27%
50%

Oct–Dec 2015
Newspoll [106]
42%
27%

37%
46%
30%
44%

Apr–Jun 2015
Newspoll [106]
48%
29%

45%
43%
41%
39%

Jan–Mar 2015
Newspoll [106]
47%
31%

43%
41%
41%
37%

Oct–Dec 2014
Newspoll [106]
47%
29%

46%
42%
35%
42%

Jul–Sep 2014
Newspoll [106]
45%
30%

45%
37%
40%
34%

15 Mar 2014 election

–
–

–
–
–
–

10–13 Mar 2014
Newspoll [107]
43%
37%

42%
42%
42%
35%

21–27 Feb 2014
Newspoll [107]
40%
39%

43%
44%
45%
29%

^ Remainder were "uncommitted" to either leader.


document_title: Home Alone

question_text: where are the mcallisters going in home alone

text: Home Alone

text: Plot[edit]

text: The McCallister family is preparing to spend Christmas in Paris, gathering at Peter and Kate's home outside of Chicago on the night before their departure. Peter and Kate's youngest son, eight-year-old Kevin, is being ridiculed by his siblings and cousins. A fight with his older brother, Buzz, results in Kevin getting sent to the third floor of the house for punishment, where he wishes that his family would disappear. During the night, heavy winds cause damage to power lines, which causes a temporary power outage and resets the alarm clocks, causing the entire family to oversleep. In the confusion and rush to get to the airport, Kevin is accidentally left behind.

text: Kevin wakes up to find the house empty and, thinking his wish has come true, is overjoyed with his newfound freedom. However, Kevin soon becomes frightened by his next door neighbor, "Old Man" Marley, who is rumored to have murdered his family with a snow shovel in 1958; as well as the "Wet Bandits", Harry and Marv, a pair of burglars who have been breaking into other vacant houses in the neighborhood and have targeted the McCallisters' house. Kevin tricks the pair into thinking his whole family is home, forcing them to put their plans on hold.

text: Kate discovers mid-flight that Kevin is missing and, upon arrival in Paris, the family discovers that all flights for the next two days are booked. Peter and the rest of the family go to his brother Rob's apartment in the city while Kate manages to get a flight back to the United States, only to get as far as Scranton, Pennsylvania. She attempts to book a flight to Chicago but again, everything is booked. Unable to accept this, Kate is overheard by Gus Polinski, the lead member of a traveling polka band, who offers to let her travel with them to Chicago on their way to Milwaukee in a moving van, which she graciously accepts.

text: Meanwhile, Harry and Marv realize that Kevin is home alone, and on Christmas Eve, Kevin overhears them discussing plans to break into his house that night. Kevin goes to church and watches a choir perform. He meets Old Man Marley, who sits with Kevin and they briefly speak; he learns that Marley is actually a nice man and that the rumors about him are false. He points out his granddaughter in the choir, whom he never gets to meet as he and his son are estranged and have not been on speaking terms for some time. Kevin suggests that he try to reconcile with his son.

text: Kevin returns home and rigs the house with numerous booby traps. Harry and Marv break in, spring the traps, and suffer various injuries. While the duo pursues Kevin around the house, he calls the police and flees the house, luring the duo into a neighboring vacant home. Harry and Marv manage to catch him and discuss how they will get their revenge, but Marley sneaks in and knocks them unconscious with his snow shovel before they can do anything to Kevin. The police arrive and arrest Harry and Marv, having identified all the houses they burgled due to the latter's habit of flooding them.

text: On Christmas Day, Kevin is disappointed to find that his family is still gone. He then hears Kate enter the house and call for him; they reconcile and are soon joined by the rest of the McCallisters, who waited in Paris until they could get a direct flight to Chicago. Kevin keeps silent about his encounter with Harry and Marv, although Peter finds Harry's missing gold tooth. Kevin then observes Marley reuniting with his son and his family. Marley notices Kevin and the pair wave to each other before Marley and his family go inside his house. Buzz suddenly calls out, "Kevin, what did you do to my room?!" at which point Kevin runs off.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Macaulay Culkin as Kevin
Joe Pesci as Harry
Daniel Stern as Marv
John Heard as Peter
Roberts Blossom as Marley
Catherine O'Hara as Kate
Angela Goethals as Linnie
Devin Ratray as Buzz
Gerry Bamman as Uncle Frank
Hillary Wolf as Megan
Larry Hankin as Officer Balzak
John Candy as Gus Polinski
Mike Maronna as Jeff
Terrie Snell as Aunt Leslie

text: Production[edit]

text: Home Alone was initially a Warner Bros. production; when 20th Century Fox took over the project, the budget grew from $14 to $17 million.[5] Columbus' work with Home Alone began several years earlier when Hughes helped him secure the directing job for National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation. That project ended poorly when a personality clash between Columbus and Chevy Chase led to Columbus leaving the movie. Hughes then gave him the script to Home Alone, which he accepted.[6]

text: Hughes suggested to Columbus that they cast Macaulay Culkin in the main role because of his experience with the child actor while shooting Uncle Buck. Columbus met with other actors for the part, by his count "hundreds and hundreds", as he felt it was his "directorial responsibility".[7] Columbus finally met with Culkin and agreed he was the right choice for the role. Due to Culkin's age, he could only work until 10 PM which created shooting problems for the crew because of the movie's many night-time scenes.[7] The film's stunts also created tension for the crew during shooting. Columbus said, "Every time the stunt guys did one of those stunts it wasn’t funny. We’d watch it, and I would just pray that the guys were alive."[7] Stunts were originally prepared with safety harnesses, but because of their visibility on camera, the film's final stunts were performed without them.[7]

text: Some scenes were shot in a three-story single-family house located at 671 Lincoln Avenue[8] in the village of Winnetka.[9] The kitchen in the film was shot in the house, along with the main staircase, basement, attic and most of the first floor landing. The house's dining room, and all the downstairs rooms (excluding the kitchen) were duplicated on a sound stage to allow more room for equipment and crew.[10] The house was built in 1920 and features five bedrooms, a fully converted attic, a detached double garage and a greenhouse.[11] The tree house in the back yard was built specifically for the film and dismantled after filming ended.[12]

text: The scenes inside the church were shot at Grace Episcopal Church in Oak Park, Illinois.[13]

text: For the film within a film, Angels with Filthy Souls (a parody of the 1938 crime film Angels with Dirty Faces), shooting took only one day. To create the illusion that the film was a 1940s gangster film, the scene was filmed with black-and-white negative film and Johnny's office used authentic items from that era.[14]

text: In May 2011, the house was listed for sale at $2.4 million;[15] it sold in March 2012 for $1.585 million.[8] The house is promoted as a tourist attraction and cited as an example of "How to Get Your Home in the Movies."[16]

text: Music[edit]

text: Initially Columbus hoped to have Bruce Broughton score the films, and early posters listed him as the composer. However, Broughton was busy with The Rescuers Down Under and he had to cancel at the last minute.[7] From there Columbus was able to get in touch with Steven Spielberg who helped him contact John Williams to produce the final score.[7] Christmas songs, such as "O Holy Night" and "Carol of the Bells", are featured prominently in the film, as well as the film's theme song "Somewhere in My Memory". The soundtrack was released by Sony Classical in cassette on December 4, 1990[17] and in CD on May 27, 2015.[18]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Home Alone grossed $285.8 million in the United States and Canada and $190.9 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $476.7 million, against a production budget of $18 million.[2]

text: In its opening weekend, Home Alone grossed $17 million from 1,202 theaters, averaging $14,211 per site and just 6% of the final total and added screens over the next six weeks, with a peak screen count of 2,174 during its eighth weekend at the start of January 1991. Home Alone proved so popular that it stayed in theaters well past the Christmas season. It was the No. 1 film at the box office for 12 straight weeks, from its release weekend of November 16–18, 1990 through the weekend of February 1–3, 1991.[19][20] It was finally dethroned from the top spot when Sleeping with the Enemy opened with $13 million.[20] It nevertheless remained a top ten draw at the box office until the weekend of April 26 that year, which was well past Easter weekend. It made two more appearances in the top ten (the weekend of May 31–June 2 and the weekend of June 14–16) before finally falling out of the top ten.[21] After over nine months into its run, the film had earned 16x its debut weekend and ended up making a final gross of $285,761,243, the top-grossing film of its year in North America.[22] The film is listed in the Guinness World Records as the highest-grossing live-action comedy ever.[23]

text: By the time it had run its course in theaters, Home Alone was the third-highest-grossing film of all time worldwide, as well as in the United States and Canada behind only Star Wars ($322 million at the time) and E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial ($399 million at that time), according to the home video box. In total, its cinema run grossed $477,561,243 worldwide.[20][24] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 67.7 million tickets in the US.[25]

text: According to William Goldman, the film's success prompted the creation of a Hollywood verb: "to be Home Aloned", meaning to have a film's box office reduced by the impact of Home Alone.[26]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, Home Alone holds an approval rating of 62% based on 50 reviews, with an average rating of 5.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "Home Alone's uneven but frequently funny premise stretched unreasonably thin is buoyed by Macaulay Culkin's cute performance and strong supporting stars."[27] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, it has a score of 63 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[28] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[29]

text: Variety magazine praised the film for its cast.[30] Jeanne Cooper of The Washington Post praised the film for its comedic approach.[31] Hal Hinson, also of The Washington Post, praised Chris Columbus's direction and Culkin's acting.[32] Although Caryn James of The New York Times complained that the film's first half is "flat and unsurprising as its cute little premise suggests", she praised the second half for its slapstick humor. She also praised the conversation between Kevin and Marley, as well as the film's final scenes.[33]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a 2 1⁄2 out of 4-star rating. He compared the elaborate booby-traps in the film to Rube Goldberg machines, writing "they're the kinds of traps that any 8-year-old could devise, if he had a budget of tens of thousands of dollars and the assistance of a crew of movie special effects people" and criticized the plot as "so implausible that it makes it hard for [him] to really care about the plight of the kid [Kevin]". However, he praised Culkin's performance.[34] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly magazine gave the film a "D" grade, criticizing the film for its "sadistic festival of adult-bashing". Gleiberman said that "[John] Hughes is pulling our strings as though he'd never learn to do anything else".[35]

text: Since its initial release, Home Alone has been hailed as a holiday classic among audiences, and is often ranked as one of the best Christmas films of all time.[36][37][38][39]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was nominated for two Academy Awards, one for Best Original Score, which was written by John Williams, and the other for Best Original Song for "Somewhere in My Memory", music by Williams and lyrics by Leslie Bricusse.[40]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: The film was followed by a commercially successful sequel in 1992, Lost in New York, which brings back the first film's cast. The film within a film, Angels with Filthy Souls, had a sequel in Home Alone 2, Angels with Even Filthier Souls. Both Angels meta-films featured character actor Ralph Foody as stereotypical 1930s mobster Johnny.[41]

text: Home Alone 3, released in 1997, has completely different actors, and a different storyline with Hughes writing the screenplay.

text: A fourth made-for-TV film followed in 2002, Home Alone 4. This entry features some of the same characters who were in the first two films, but with a new cast and a storyline that does not fall into the same continuity. Hughes did not write the screenplay for the TV film.

text: On November 25, 2012, a fifth film, The Holiday Heist premiered during ABC Family's 25 Days of Christmas programming event.[42]

text: In December 2015, Culkin reprised his role as an adult Kevin McCallister in the inaugural episode of the Jack Dishel web series, "DRYVRS", where a visibly disturbed Kevin recounts his experience of being left home alone by his family.[43] In response to Culkin's video, Daniel Stern appeared in a short video reprising his role as Marv, released in conjunction with Stern's Reddit AMA, where he pleads for Harry to return to help protect him against Kevin's cunning traps.[44]

text: Novelization[edit]

text: Home Alone (ISBN 0-590-55066-7) was novelized by Todd Strasser and published by Scholastic in 1990 to coincide with the film.

text: On October 6, 2015, to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the movie, an illustrated book by Kim Smith and Quirk Books was released.[45][46]


document_title: National Mathematics Day

question_text: in whose honour is the national mathematics day celebrated

text: National Mathematics Day

text: In India, the day 'December 22 has been declared as the National Mathematics Day. The Declaration was made by Dr Manmohan Singh, Former Prime Minister of India, during the inaugural ceremony of the celebrations to mark the 125th birth anniversary of Srinivasa Ramanujan held at the Madras University Centenary Auditorium on 26 February 2012. Dr Manmohan Singh also announced that the year 2012 would be celebrated as the National Mathematics Year.[1]

text: The Indian mathematical genius Srinivasa Ramanujan was born on 22 December 1887 and died on 26 April 1920. It was in recognition of his contribution to mathematics the Government of India decided to celebrate Ramanujan's birthday as the National Mathematics Day every year and to celebrate 2012 as the National_Mathematics_Year. National Mathematics Day is celebrated with numerous educational events held at Indian schools and universities.[2]


document_title: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

question_text: where did the legend of sleepy hollow take place

text: The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

text: Plot[edit]

text: From the listless repose of the place, and the peculiar character of its inhabitants, who are descendants from the original Dutch settlers, this sequestered glen has long been known by name of Sleepy Hollow ... A drowsy, dreamy influence seems to hang over the land, and to pervade the very atmosphere.

text: The story is set in 1790 in the countryside around the Dutch settlement of Tarry Town (historical Tarrytown, New York), in a secluded glen called Sleepy Hollow. Sleepy Hollow is renowned for its ghosts and the haunting atmosphere that pervades the imaginations of its inhabitants and visitors. Some residents say this town was bewitched during the early days of the Dutch settlement. Other residents say an old Native American chief, the wizard of his tribe, held his powwows here before the country was discovered by Master Hendrick Hudson. The most infamous spectre in the Hollow is the Headless Horseman, said to be the ghost of a Hessian trooper that had his head shot off by a stray cannonball during "some nameless battle" of the American Revolutionary War, and who "rides forth to the scene of battle in nightly quest of his head".

text: The "Legend" relates the tale of Ichabod Crane, a lean, lanky and extremely superstitious schoolmaster from Connecticut, who competes with Abraham "Brom Bones" Van Brunt, the town rowdy, for the hand of 18-year-old Katrina Van Tassel, the daughter and sole child of a wealthy farmer, Baltus Van Tassel. Ichabod Crane, a Yankee and an outsider, sees marriage to Katrina as a means of procuring Van Tassel's extravagant wealth. Bones, the local hero, vies with Ichabod for Katrina's hand, playing  a series of pranks on the jittery schoolmaster, and the fate of Sleepy Hollow's fortune weighs in the balance for some time. The tension among the three is soon brought to a head. On a placid autumn night, the ambitious Crane attends a harvest party at the Van Tassels' homestead. He dances, partakes in the feast, and listens to ghostly legends told by Brom and the locals, but his true aim is to propose to Katrina after the guests leave. His intentions, however, are ill-fated.

text: After having failed to secure Katrina's hand, Ichabod rides home "heavy-hearted and crestfallen" through the woods between Van Tassel's farmstead and the Sleepy Hollow settlement. As he passes several purportedly haunted spots, his active imagination is engorged by the ghost stories told at Baltus' harvest party. After nervously passing under a lightning-stricken tulip tree purportedly haunted by the ghost of British spy Major André, Ichabod encounters a cloaked rider at an intersection in a menacing swamp. Unsettled by his fellow traveler's eerie size and silence, the teacher is horrified to discover that his companion's head is not on his shoulders, but on his saddle. In a frenzied race to the bridge adjacent to the Old Dutch Burying Ground, where the Hessian is said to "vanish, according to rule, in a flash of fire and brimstone" upon crossing it, Ichabod rides for his life, desperately goading his temperamental plow horse down the Hollow. However, to Crane's horror, the ghoul clambers over the bridge, rears his horse, and hurls his severed head into Ichabod's terrified face.

text: The next morning, Ichabod has mysteriously disappeared from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was said "to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related". Indeed, the only relics of the schoolmaster's flight are his wandering horse, trampled saddle, discarded hat, and a mysterious shattered pumpkin. Although the nature of the Headless Horseman is left open to interpretation, the story implies that the ghost was really Brom (an agile stunt rider) in disguise. Irving's narrator concludes, however, by stating that the old Dutch wives continue to promote the belief that Ichabod was "spirited away by supernatural means", and a legend develops around his disappearance and sightings of his melancholy spirit.

text: Background[edit]

text:
Irving wrote The Sketch Book during a tour of Europe, and parts of the tale may also be traced to European origins. Headless horsemen were staples of Northern European storytelling, featuring in German, Irish (e.g., Dullahan), Scandinavian (e.g., the Wild Hunt), and English legends, and were included in Robert Burns's poem "Tam o' Shanter" (1790) and Bürger's Der wilde Jäger, translated as The Wild Huntsman (1796). Usually viewed as omens of ill-fortune for those who chose to disregard their apparitions, these specters found their victims in proud, scheming persons and characters with hubris and arrogance.[2]
One particularly influential rendition of this folktale was recorded by the German folklorist Karl Musäus.[3]

text: During the height of the American Revolutionary War, Irving writes that the country surrounding Tarry Town "was one of those highly-favored places which abound with chronicle and great men. The British and American line had run near it during the war; it had, therefore, been the scene of marauding, and infested with refugees, cow-boys, and all kinds of border chivalry."

text: After the Battle of White Plains in October 1776, the country south of the Bronx River was abandoned by the Continental Army and occupied by the British. The Americans were fortified north of Peekskill, leaving Westchester County a 30-mile stretch of scorched and desolated no-man's land, vulnerable to outlaws, raiders, and vigilantes. Besides droves of Loyalist rangers and British light infantry, Hessian Jägers—renowned sharpshooters and horsemen—were among the raiders who often skirmished with Patriot militias.[4] The Headless Horseman, said to be a decapitated Hessian soldier, may have indeed been based loosely on the discovery of just such a Jäger's headless corpse found in Sleepy Hollow after a violent skirmish, and later buried by the Van Tassel family, in an unmarked grave in the Old Dutch Burying Ground.[5] The dénouement of the fictional tale is set at the bridge over the Pocantico River in the area of the Old Dutch Church and Burying Ground in Sleepy Hollow.

text: Irving, while he was an aide-de-camp to New York Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins, met an army captain named Ichabod Crane in Sackets Harbor, New York during an inspection tour of fortifications in 1814.  Irving may have patterned the character in "The Legend" after Jesse Merwin, who taught at the local schoolhouse in Kinderhook, further north along the Hudson River, where Irving spent several months in 1809.[6] The inspiration for the character of Katrina Van Tassel was based on an actual young woman named Katrina Van Tassel. Washington Irving stayed with her family for a short time, and asked permission to use her name, and loosely base the character on her. He told her and her family he liked to give his characters the names of people he had met. [7]

text: The story was the longest one published as part of The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. (commonly referred to as The Sketch Book), which Irving issued serially throughout 1819 and 1820, using the pseudonym "Geoffrey Crayon".[8] With "Rip Van Winkle", "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" is one of Irving's most anthologized, studied, and adapted sketches. Both stories are often paired together in books and other representations, and both are included in surveys of early American literature and Romanticism.[9] Irving's depictions of regional culture and his themes of progress versus tradition, supernatural intervention in the commonplace, and the plight of the individual outsider in an homogeneous community permeate both stories and helped to develop a unique sense of American cultural and existential selfhood during the early 19th century.[10]

text: Film and television variations[edit]

text: This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, using references to reliable sources, rather than simply listing appearances. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2018)

text: Notable film and television variations include:

text:
The Headless Horseman (1922), a silent film directed by Edward Venturini and starring Will Rogers as Ichabod Crane. It was filmed on location in New York's Hudson River Valley.
The Headless Horseman (1934), a ComiColor Cartoon short produced by Ub Iwerks.
The Adventures of Ichabod and Mr. Toad (1949), an animated adaptation of the story directed by James Algar, Clyde Geronimi, and Jack Kinney, produced by Walt Disney Productions, and narrated by Bing Crosby. (It is paired with a similar treatment of Kenneth Grahame's novel The Wind in the Willows (1908).) This version was more lighthearted than Irving's original story and most other adaptations, being more comical and family-friendly. The climactic ride is more extended than in the original story, and the possibility is stressed that the visually impressive Horseman is in fact a ghost rather than a human in disguise. Later the Sleepy Hollow portion of the film was separated from the companion film and shown separately as The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1958).
Tales of Washington Irving, a one-hour animated television special, original airdate November 1, 1970, presented adaptations of The Legend of Sleepy Hollow and Rip van Winkle. Produced by Air Programs International (API)
A short animated version produced in 1972, narrated by John Carradine and shown in theaters a year later with Charlotte's Web (1973).
"The Headless Horseman of Halloween" (1976), an episode of The Scooby-Doo Show.
A CBS special titled Once Upon A Midnight Dreary featured an adaptation of the story, narrated by Vincent Price, featuring René Auberjonois as Ichabod Crane, Guy Boyd as Brom Bones, Pamela Brown as Katrina Van Tassell, and Robert Foster as the Headless Horseman.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1980), a television film directed by Henning Schellerup and filmed in Utah, with Jeff Goldblum as Ichabod Crane, Meg Foster as Katrina, and Richard Butkus as Brahm Bones. Executive producer Charles Sellier was nominated for an Emmy Award for his work on the movie.[11] The film, not closely adapted from the original story, depicts Crane as a skeptic regarding ghosts and the supernatural, although it foreshadows Tim Burton's similar 1999 treatment.
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1985), an episode of Shelley Duvall's Tall Tales and Legends, stars Ed Begley, Jr. as Ichabod Crane, Beverly D'Angelo as Katrina Van Tassel, Tim Thomerson as Brom, and Charles Durning as Doffue Van Tassel, who is also the narrator. It was produced and hosted by Shelley Duvall.
Murder, She Wrote Season 3, Episode 11 "The Night of Headless Horseman", was aired on 1/4/1987 about a shy lovelorn poet (Thom Bray) was run down by headless horseman.
In 1988, PBS and Rabbit Ears Productions produced a multi-award-winning animated adaptation and a subsequent book depicting the story. The production was illustrated, directed, and adapted by Robert Van Nutt, composed by Tim Story, and narrated by Glenn Close.
An episode of The Real Ghostbusters, which featured a descendant of Ichabod Crane's, cursed by a headless apparition on a motorcycle who viciously pursues men to whom she is attracted.
The "Chopper", an episode of Kolchak: The Night Stalker, starring Darren McGavin, which features a headless motorcycle rider who decapitates his victims, an allusion to the traditional Headless Horseman legend.
"The Tale of the Midnight Ride", a season 3 episode of the Nickelodeon horror anthology television series Are You Afraid of the Dark?, serves as a sequel to the classic story. In this episode a boy named Ian Matthews moves to Sleepy Hollow, New York, where he develops a crush on Katie. One night after the Halloween dance, they see the ghost of Ichabod Crane and send him over the bridge that the Headless Horseman cannot cross, unintentionally prompting the Headless Horseman to pursue them instead of Crane.
"Sugar-Frosted Frights", an episode of Rocko's Modern Life, parodies the character as the Hopping Hessian, who carries his right leg instead of his head.
In "Halloween Hound: The Legend of Creepy Collars" (1997), the second-season premiere of the PBS series Wishbone, Wishbone imagines himself as Ichabod Crane and re-enacts the Headless Horseman story in his imagination when his owner, Joe Talbot, goes on a Halloween night scavenger hunt along with his two schoolmates, David Barnes and Samantha Kepler. In Wishbone's imagination, he is scared off by the Headless Horseman. Like the original story, the episode strongly implies that Brom is the Headless Horseman when his horse's collar resembles the Horseman's horse collar.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1999), a Canadian-American television film starring Brent Carver and Rachelle Lefevre. It was filmed in Montreal and directed by Pierre Gang.
Sleepy Hollow (1999), a feature film adaption directed by Tim Burton which takes many liberties with the plot and characters, changing Crane from the local schoolmaster into a police constable sent from New York City to investigate recent murders, and the Horseman is used as a weapon against the local landowners. Johnny Depp stars as Ichabod Crane, Christopher Walken plays the Headless Horseman, Christina Ricci plays Katrina, and Casper Van Dien plays Brom.
The Night of the Headless Horseman (1999), an hour-long, computer animated special using motion capture.
Sleepy Hollow High (2000), a B-rated, direct to video VHS and DVD horror film, in which a group of teenagers is sent to Sleepy Hollow Park Grounds to clean up vandalism and graffiti. They soon realize that someone is taking the Legend of Sleepy Hollow too far.
The Haunted Pumpkin of Sleepy Hollow (2002), a 45-minute animated special from PorchLight Entertainment.
The Hollow (2004), a TV movie that premiered on the ABC Family Channel, starring Kevin Zegers and Kaley Cuoco that focuses on a teenage descendant of Ichabod Crane.
"The Legend of Sleepy Halliwell" (2004), an episode of the TV show Charmed, in which a headless horseman murders the teachers at Magic School by beheading them.
Sleepy Hollow (2013), a mystery series co-created by Alex Kurtzman, Roberto Orci, Phillip Iscove, and Len Wiseman. In the series, Ichabod Crane is reimagined as an English professor and turncoat during the American Revolutionary War, who awakens in the 21st century and encounters the Headless Horseman, a felled mercenary Crane had decapitated 250 years prior. Crane teams up with Abbie Mills, a lieutenant in the town of Sleepy Hollow's sheriff's department, and together they try to stop the murderous Horseman (who is purportedly Death), and uncover a conspiracy involving supernatural forces.[12]

text: Stage and music adaptations[edit]

text:
"Washington Irving's The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (2002), a play in two acts by Christopher Cook,[13]  which made its European premiere in 2014 in Kent, England.
In Sleepy Hollow (1913), a piano suite by Eastwood Lane
Sleepy Hollow (1948), a Broadway musical, with music by George Lessner and book and lyrics by Russell Maloney and Miriam Battista. It lasted 12 performances.[14]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow[15] (1989), a one-act stage adaptation by Kathryn Schultz Miller.[16]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow for Speaker & Orchestra (1999), a 15-minute composition by Robert Lichtenberger; it premiered October 2001 by Lincoln's Symphony Orchestra conducted by Tyler White.
"Ride Of The Headless Horseman" (from The Legend Of Sleepy Hollow), a tone poem for orchestra by Robert Wendel was premiered in 2001 by the Queensland Symphony Orchestra.
 The Legend of Sleepy Hollow in Concert[17] (2004), part musical theater, radio drama, and festival, an annual production with music by Steven J. Smith, Jr. and lyrics by Jensen Oler and Smith; it premiered in Lehi, Utah at Olympic Park on October 8, 2004.[18]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2009), an opera, with music and libretto by Robert Milne; available for production through Arts Ascending, Inc.[19]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2009), an opera, with music by William Withem and libretto by Melanie Helton; it premiered March 27, 2009, in the Concert Auditorium at Michigan State University.[20]
Sleepy Hollow (2009), a musical with book and lyrics by Jim Christian and music by Tom Edward Clark.  It premiered at Weber State University in Ogden, Utah on October 30, 2009.[21][22]  It received the 2009 Kennedy Center American College Theater Festival Musical Theatre Award.[23]
Irving's Legend (2010–present) a dramatic retelling by Jonathan Kruk is a one-person performance staged by Historic Hudson Valley at the story's setting, The Old Dutch Church, during weekends in October.
The Hollow (2011). Book by Hunter Foster, music & lyrics by Matt Conner, directed by Matt Gardiner; premiered at Signature Theatre in Washington, DC (Eric Schaeffer, Artistic Director).[24]
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, adapted by Darkstuff Productions at the Bierkeller Theatre Bristol, England Christmas 2012.[25]
Legend of Sleepy Hollows, a novelty Doo-Wop song, recorded by Monotones of Book of Love fame
Legend of the Headless Rider is a song by Mercyful Fate, fronted by King Diamond, on their In the Shadows album.

text: "Sleepy Hollow" a thriller. Written by Jason Newkirk premiered in 2007 in Columbus, IN. Again in September 2017 at Gateway Center for the Arts in Debary, FL. As an annual Halloween event.

text:
Undead Ahead is a song by Motionless in White, and appears on their album Creatures.
Head over Hills, a song by Blitzkid
Tarrytown Tales, a play by Sean P. Harrington.[26]

text: Audio adaptations[edit]

text:
Ed Begley was the narrator for a recording on both LP and audio cassette by Caedmon Records.
Boris Karloff narrated a version of the story on a 1977 LP Mr. Pickwick Records, with original songs and sound effects.
Ronald Colman was the host and narrator for a radio adaptation on NBC's Favorite Story on July 2, 1946 (requested by Walter Huston as that actor's favorite story).
An adaptation was broadcast on September 19, 1947 on NBC University of the Air: American Novels.[27]
Martin Donegan was the narrator for a recording on CMS Records.
Hurd Hatfield was the narrator for a recording on Spoken Arts Records in the 1960s.
George Guidall was the narrator for a 1999 unabridged recording on CD for Recorded Books.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (1998) - An abridged version narrated by Winifred Phillips and produced for the Radio Tales series on National Public Radio. The program was released on audiocassette by Durkin Hayes Publishing Ltd in 1998 as a part of both its DH Audio catalog and its "Paperback Audio" line.
The Legend of Sleepy Hollow (2005). Produced by The Colonial Radio Theatre on the Air and released by Blackstone Audio. Faithfully adapted from the book by Washington Irving, this production has an elaborate music score by Jeffrey Gage, sound effects, and a full cast. Originally released as a "Halloween Pick" by Barnes & Noble bookstores, the production went on to win the Ogle Award for "Best Fantasy Production of 2005." The cast includes Lincoln Clark as Ichabod Crane, Joseph Zamparelli Jr. as Brom Bones, and Diane Capen as Katrina Van Tassel. The book was dramatized, produced and directed by Jerry Robbins. On Halloween 2005, the production was broadcast coast to coast on XM Radio's Sonic Theater, and repeated the following year. It continues to be one of Colonial's most popular titles in release.
BBC Radio 7 (and later BBC Radio 4 Extra) has repeatedly broadcast a three-part reading of the story with Martin Jarvis as the narrator.
Historic Hudson Valley[28] produced with  Platters, a dramatic reading of "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (2008) with musical effects by Matt Noble. Parent's Choice gave it the Silver award in 2009, noting; "Here, master storyteller Jonathan Kruk delivers the story as an audio book, with colorful eloquence backed by orchestral radiance. While remaining true to Irving’s original text, Kruk boosts the story’s energy through his highly skilled reading."[29]
"Ichabod Crane, Master of the Occult"[30] (2012) is a sequel to the original story, written by D. K. Thompson and produced by Marshal Latham on the Journey Into podcast.
Tom Mison, who plays Ichabod Crane in the television series Sleepy Hollow, was the narrator for a 2014 recording for Audible Studios.

text: Geographic impact[edit]

text:
Annually since 1996, before Halloween, the nonprofit organization Historic Hudson Valley has held "Legend Weekend", an event at the Philipsburg Manor House in Sleepy Hollow, featuring a rider portraying the Headless Horseman and a storyteller, Jonathan Kruk, retelling "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" as an historic celebration attended by thousands.
In 1997, the village of North Tarrytown, New York (as the village had been called since the late 19th century), where many events of the story took place, officially changed its name to Sleepy Hollow. Its high school teams are named "the Horsemen".
In 2006, a large statue depicting the Headless Horseman chasing Ichabod Crane was placed along Route 9 in Sleepy Hollow/Tarrytown, New York.

text: Place names[edit]

text:
Town and village names:
Sleepy Hollow, Illinois, many of the street names reflect characters from the tale, and the image of the Headless Horseman can be found on many of the city's landmarks and publications.
Sleepy Hollow, Marin County, California, has Irving Drive, Legend Road, Ichabod Court, Katrina Lane, Van Tassel Court, Baltus Lane, Crane Drive, and Van Winkle Drive.
Subdivision names:
Bethel, Connecticut, "Sleepy Hollow Estates", Ichabod Lane, Legend Drive, and Katrina Circle.
Roanoke, Virginia, and Longwood, Florida, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Ichabod and Horseman.
Pearland, Texas, "Sleepy Hollow", street names such as Washington Irving Drive, Sleepy Hollow Drive, Crane Drive, Tarrytown Lane, and Brom Bones Boulevard.
Port Jervis, New York, Sleepy Hollow Road
Falls Church, Virginia, Street names Sleepy Hollow Road, Crane Drive, Ichabod Place, and Horseman Lane. There is also a Sleepy Hollow Park and Sleepy Hollow Bath & Racquet Club.
Mt. Lebanon, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Road
Breinigsville, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Lane
Spinnerstown, Pennsylvania, Sleepy Hollow Road
Hampden Township, Pennsylvania, "Sleepy Hollow", Ichabod Court, Brom Court, and Katrina Court.
State Parks:
Sleepy Hollow State Park, Laingsburg, Michigan
Schools:
The Ichabod Crane School District, Valatie, New York. The school's sports teams are called "The Riders" and a silhouette of Ichabod Crane on his horse is often representative of the home team while a silhouette of the Headless Horseman is representative of the opponent. The wings in the junior high school are also named for characters and places, such as Katrina Van Tassel and Sleepy Hollow.
The Ichabod Crane Schoolhouse, Kinderhook, New York .
Sleepy Hollow Elementary
Orinda, California, has Washington Lane, Sleepy Hollow Lane, Tarry Lane, Van Ripper Lane, Van Tassel Lane, Tappan Lane, and Crane Court.
Pinson, Alabama's Sleepy Hollow Subdivision has Sleepy Hollow Drive
Walt Disney World's Sleepy Hollow quick service restaurant in Magic Kingdom theme park.
Rest Stop:
Sleepy Hollow Rest area

text: On the Far North Coast of NSW lies the sleepy hollow rest stop. There is a stop located either side of the road so that North and South bound traffic is able to stop. The northbound stop is located 58 km north of Ballina, NSW and the southbound stop is located 32 km south of Tweed Heads.