document_title: Northern mockingbird

question_text: how long do mocking birds stay in the nest

text: Northern mockingbird

text: Taxonomy[edit]

text: Swedish zoologist Carl Linnaeus first described this species in his Systema Naturae in 1758 as Turdus polyglottos.[3] Its current genus name, Mimus is Latin for "mimic" and the specific polyglottos, is from Ancient Greek poluglottos, "harmonious", from polus, "many", and glossa, "tongue",[4] representing its outstanding ability to mimic various sounds.[5] The northern mockingbird is considered to be conspecific with the tropical mockingbird (Mimus gilvus).[6]

text: This species is categorized as the northern mockingbird as the closest living relative to M. gilvus.[7][8]

text: Subspecies[edit]

text: There are three recognized subspecies for the northern mockingbird.[9][10] There have been proposed races from the Bahamas and Haiti placed under the orpheus section.[10]

text:
M. p. polyglottos (Linnaeus, 1758): generally found in the eastern portion of North America ranging from Nova Scotia to Nebraska, to as far south as Texas and Florida.[9][10]
M. p. leucopterus 'Western Mockingbird' (Vigors, 1839): generally found in the western portion of North America ranging from NW Nebraska and Western Texas to the Pacific Coast, and south to Mexico (the Isthmus of Tehuantepec), and Socorro Island.[9][10] Larger than M. p. polyglottos and has a slightly shorter tail, upperparts are more buff and paler, underparts have a stronger buff pigment.[9]
M. p. orpheus (Linnaeus, 1758) from the Bahamas to the Greater Antilles, also the Cayman and Virgin Islands.[10] Similar to M. m. polyglottos except smaller, a paler shade of gray on its back, and underparts with practically little, if any buff at all.[9]

text: Description[edit]

text: The northern mockingbird is a medium-sized mimid that has long legs and tail.[11] Males and females look alike.[12] Its upper parts are colored gray, while its underparts have a white or whitish-gray color.[13] It has parallel wing bars on the half of the wings connected near the white patch giving it a distinctive appearance in flight.[13] The black central rectrices and typical white lateral rectrices are also noticeable in flight.[13] The iris is usually a light green-yellow or a yellow, but there have been instances of an orange color.[9] The bill is black with a brownish black appearance at the base.[9] The juvenile appearance is marked by its streaks on its back, distinguished spots and streaks on its chest, and a gray or grayish-green iris.[9]

text: Northern mockingbirds measure from 20.5 to 28 cm (8.1 to 11.0 in) including a tail almost as long as its body. The wingspan can range from 31–38 cm (12–15 in) and body mass is from 40–58 g (1.4–2.0 oz). Males tend to be slightly larger than females.[14][15] Among standard measurements, the wing chord is 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in), the tail is 10 to 13.4 cm (3.9 to 5.3 in), the culmen is 1.6 to 1.9 cm (0.63 to 0.75 in) and the tarsus is 2.9 to 3.4 cm (1.1 to 1.3 in).[9]

text: The northern mockingbird's lifespan is observed to be up to 8 years, but captive birds can live up to 20 years.[16]

text: Distribution and habitat[edit]

text: The mockingbird's breeding range is from Maritime provinces of Canada westwards to British Columbia, practically the entire Continental United States south of the northern Plains states and Pacific northwest, and the majority of Mexico to eastern Oaxaca and Veracruz.[9] The mockingbird is generally a year-round resident of its range, but the birds that live in the northern portion of its range have been noted further south during the winter season.[13] Sightings of the mockingbird have also been recorded in Hawaii (where it was introduced in the 1920s),[17] southeastern Alaska,[18] and twice as transatlantic vagrants in Britain.[13] The mockingbird is thought to be at least partly migratory in the northern portions of its range, but the migratory behavior is not well understood.[17]

text: In the nineteenth century, the range of the mockingbird expanded northward towards provinces such as Nova Scotia and Ontario and states such as Massachusetts, although the sightings were sporadic. Within the first five decades of the twentieth century, regions that received an influx of mockingbirds were Maine, Vermont, Ohio, Iowa, and New York.[17] In western states such as California, the population was restricted to the lower Sonoran regions but by the 1970s the mockingbirds was residential in most counties.[17] Islands that saw introductions of the mockingbird include Bermuda (in which it failed), Barbados, St. Helena, Socorro Island, the Cayman Islands and Tahiti.[17][19]

text: The mockingbird's habitat varies by location, but it prefers open areas with sparse vegetation. In the eastern regions, suburban and urban areas such as parks, gardens are frequent residential areas. It has an affinity for mowed lawns with shrubs within proximity for shade and nesting.[13][17] In western regions, desert scrub, chaparral are among its preferred habitats When foraging for food, it prefers short grass.[13] This bird does not nest in densely forested areas,[9][20] and generally resides in the same habitats year round.[17]

text: Behavior[edit]

text: Diet[edit]

text: The northern mockingbird is an omnivore. The birds' diet consists of arthropods, earthworms, berries, fruits, seeds, and seldom, lizards.[9] Mockingbirds can drink from puddles, river and lake edges, or dew and rain droplets that amass onto plants.[13] Adult mockingbirds also have been seen drinking sap from the cuts on recently pruned trees.[13] Its diet heavily consists of animal prey during the breeding season, but takes a drastic shift to fruits during the fall and winter.[13] The drive for fruits amid winter has been noted for the geographic expansion of the mockingbird, and in particular, the fruit of Rosa multiflora, a favorite of the birds, is a possible link.[9][13] Mockingbirds also eat garden fruits such as tomatoes, apples, and berries.[21][22]

text: These birds forage on the ground or in vegetation; they also fly down from a perch to capture food.[13] While foraging, they frequently spread their wings in a peculiar two-step motion to display the white patches. There is disagreement among ornithologists over the purpose of this behavior, with hypotheses ranging from deceleration to intimidation of predators or prey.[23][24]

text: Breeding[edit]

text: Both the male and female of the species reach sexual maturity after 1 year of life. The breeding season occurs in the spring and early summer.[11] The males arrive before the beginning of the season to establish their territories. The males use a series of courtship displays to attract the females to their sites.[11] They run around the area either to showcase their territory to the females or to pursue the females. The males also engage in flight to showcase their wings.[11] They sing and call as they perform all of these displays. The species can remain monogamous for many years, but incidents of polygyny and bigamy have been reported to occur during the bird's lifetime.[25][26]

text: The northern mockingbird pairs hatch about 2 to 4 broods a year.[11] In one breeding season, the northern mockingbird lays an average of 4 eggs. They hatch after about 11 to 14 days of incubation. After about 10 to 15 days of life, the offspring become independent.[11]

text: Both the male and female are involved in the nest building.[27] The male does most of the work, while the female perches on the shrub or tree where the nest is being built to watch for predators. The nest is built approximately three to ten feet above the ground.[27] The outer part of the nest is composed of twigs, while the inner part is lined with grasses, dead leaves, moss, or artificial fibers. The eggs are a light blue or greenish color and speckled with dots.[14] The female lays three to five eggs, and she incubates them for nearly two weeks. Once the eggs are hatched, both the male and female will feed the chicks.[27]

text: The birds aggressively defend their nests and surrounding areas against other birds and animals.[27] When a predator is persistent, mockingbirds from neighboring territories may be summoned by distinct calls to join the defense. Other birds may gather to watch as the mockingbirds harass the intruder. In addition to harassing domestic cats and dogs that they consider a threat,[11] mockingbirds will at times target humans. The birds are unafraid and will attack much larger birds, even hawks. One incident in Tulsa, Oklahoma involving a postal carrier resulted in the distribution of a warning letter to residents.[28]

text: Sexual selection[edit]

text: Northern mockingbirds are famous for their song repertoires. Studies have shown that males sing songs at the beginning of breeding season to attract females.[29] Unmated males sing songs in more directions and sing more bouts than mated males. In addition, unmated males perform more flight displays than mated males.[13] The mockingbirds usually nest several times during one breeding season.[30] Depending on the stage of breeding and the mating status, a male mockingbird will vary his song production. The unmated male keeps close track of this change. He sings in one direction when he perceives a chance to lure a female from the nest of the mated male.[29] Unmated males are also more likely to use elevated perches to extend his songs to a further range.[29] Though the mockingbirds are socially monogamous, mated males have been known to sing to attract additional mates.[25]

text: An observational study by Logan demonstrates that the female is continuously evaluating the quality of the male and his territory.[31] The assessment is usually triggered by the arrival of a new male in a neighboring territory at the beginning of a new breeding season. In those cases, the mated female is constantly seen flying over both the original and the new male’s territory, evaluating the qualities of both territories and exchanging calls with both males.[31] The social mate displays aggressive behaviors towards the female, while the new male shows less aggression and sings softer songs.[31] At the same time, both the mated male and the new male will fly over other territories to attract other females as well. Divorce, mate switching and extra-pair matings do occur in northern mockingbirds.[13][31]

text: Sex allocation[edit]

text: Northern mockingbirds adjust the sex ratio of their offspring according to the food availability and population density. Male offspring usually require more parental investment. There is therefore a bias for bearing the costlier sex at the beginning of a breeding season when the food is abundant.[32] Local resource competition predicts that the parents have to share the resources with offspring that remain at the natal site after maturation. In passerine birds, like the northern mockingbird, females are more likely to disperse than males.[33] Hence, it is adaptive to produce more dispersive sex than philopatric sex when the population density is high and the competition for local resources is intense. Since northern mockingbirds are abundant in urban environments, it is possible that the pollution and contamination in cities might affect sexual hormones and therefore play a role in offspring sex ratio.[34]

text: Mating[edit]

text: Northern mockingbirds are socially monogamous. The two sexes look alike except that males are a little larger in size than females. Mutual mate choice is exhibited in northern mockingbirds.[35] Both males and females prefer mates that are more aggressive towards intruders, and so exhibit greater parental investment. However, males are more defensive of their nests than females. In a population where male breeding adults outnumber female breeding adults, females have more freedom in choosing their mates.[35] In these cases, these female breeders have the option of changing mates within a breeding season if the first male does not provide a high level of parental care, which includes feeding and nest defense.[36] High nesting success is associated with highly aggressive males attacking intruders in the territory, and so these males are preferred by females.[36]

text: Parental care[edit]

text: Northern mockingbirds are altricial, meaning that, when hatched, they are born relatively immobile and defenseless and therefore require nourishment for a certain duration from their parents. The young have a survival bottleneck at the nestling stage because there are higher levels of nestling predation than egg predation. The levels of belligerence exhibited by parents therefore increase once eggs hatch but there is no increase during the egg stage.[35]

text: A recent study shows that both food availability and temperature affect the parental incubation of the eggs in northern mockingbirds. Increasing food availability provides the females with more time to care for the nest and perform self-maintenance. Increasing temperature, however, reduces the time the females spend at the nest and there is increased energy cost to cool the eggs. The incubation behavior is a trade-off among various environmental factors.[37]

text: Mockingbird nests are also often parasitized by cowbirds. The parents are found to reject parasitic eggs at an intermediate rate.[38] A recent study has shown that foreign eggs are more likely to be rejected from a nest later in the breeding season than from earlier in a breeding season. Early nesting hosts may not have learned the pattern and coloration of their first clutch yet, so are less likely to reject foreign eggs. There is also a seasonal threshold in terms of the overlap between the breeding seasons of the northern mockingbirds and their parasites. If the breeding season of the parasites starts later, there is less likelihood of parasitism. Hence, it pays the hosts to have relatively lower sensitivity to parasitic eggs.[39]

text: Song and calls[edit]

text: Although many species of bird imitate the vocalizations of other birds, the northern mockingbird is the best known in North America for doing so. Among the species and vocalizations imitated are Carolina wren, northern cardinal, tufted titmouse, eastern towhee, house sparrow, wood thrush and eastern bluebird songs, calls of the northern flicker and great crested flycatcher, jeers and pumphandles of the blue jay, and alarm, chups, and chirrs of the American robin.[40][41] It imitates not only birds, but also other animals such as cats, dogs, frogs, crickets and sounds from artificial items such as unoiled wheels and even car alarms. As convincing as these imitations may be to humans, they often fail to fool other birds, such as the Florida scrub-jay.[42]

text: The northern mockingbird's mimicry is likely to serve as a form of sexual selection through which competition between males and female choice influence a bird's song repertoire size.[42] A 2013 study attempted to determine model selection in vocal mimics, and the data suggested that mimicry in the mockingbird resulted from the bird being genetically predisposed to learning vocalizations with acoustic characteristics such as an enlarged auditory template.[40]

text: Both male and female mockingbirds sing, with the latter being generally quieter and less vocal. Male commencement of singing is in late January to February and continues into the summer and the establishing of territory into the fall. Frequency in female singing is more sporadic, as it sings less often in the summer and fall, and only sings when the male is away from the territory.[13] The mockingbird also possesses a large song repertoire that ranges from 43 to 203 song types and the size varies by region. Repertoire sizes ranged from 14 to 150 types in Texas, and two studies of mockingbirds in Florida rounded estimates to 134 and 200, approximately.[13] It continually expands its repertoire during its life,[13] though it pales in comparison to mimids such as the brown thrasher.[43]

text: There are four recognized calls for the mockingbird: the nest relief call, hew call, chat or chatburst, and the begging call.[13] The hew call is mainly used by both sexes for potential nest predators, conspecific chasing, and various interactions between mates. The differences between chats and chatbursts are frequency of use, as chats are year-round, and chatbursts occur in the fall.[13] Another difference is that chatbursts appear to be used in territorial defense in the fall, and the chats are used by either sex when disturbed.[13] The nest relief and begging calls are only used by the males.[13]

text: Ontogeny[edit]

text: A laboratory observation of 38 mockingbird nestlings and fledglings (thirty-five and three, respectively) recorded the behavioral development of young mockingbirds. Notable milestones included the eyes opening, soft vocalizations, begging, and preening began within the first six days of life. Variation in begging and more compact movements such as perching, fear crouching, and stretching appeared by the ninth day. Wing-flashing, bathing, flight, and leaving the nest happened within seventeen days (nest leaving occurred within 11 to 13 days). Improvements of flight, walking and self-feeding took place within forty days. Agonistic behavior increased during the juvenile stages, to the extent of one of two siblings living in the same area was likely killed by the other.[44]

text: Predation and threats[edit]

text: Adult mockingbirds can fall victim to birds of prey such as the great horned owl, screech owl and sharp-shinned hawk, though their tenacious behavior makes them less likely to being captured. Scrub-jays also have killed and eaten mockingbirds. Snakes rarely capture incubating females. Fledgelings have been prey to domestic cats, red-tailed hawks, and crows. Eggs and nestlings are consumed by blue jays, fish crows and American crows, red-tailed hawks, swallow-tailed kites, snakes, squirrels, and cats. Blowfly larvae and Haemoproteus have been found in Florida and Arizona populations, respectively.[17]

text: Winter storms limit the expansion of mockingbirds in its range. The storms have played a role in the declining of the populations in Ohio (where it has since recovered), Michigan, Minnesota and likely in Quebec. Dry seasons also affect the mockingbird populations in Arizona.[17]

text: Intelligence[edit]

text: In a paper published in 2009, researchers found that mockingbirds were able to recall an individual human who, earlier in the study, had approached and threatened the mockingbirds' nest. Researchers had one participant stand near a mockingbird nest and touch it, while others avoided the nest. Later, the mockingbirds recognized the intruder and exhibited defensive behavior, while ignoring the other individuals.[45]

text: Adaptation to urban habitats[edit]

text: The northern mockingbird is a species that is found in both urban and rural habitats. There are now more northern mockingbirds living in urban habitats than non-urban environments, so they are consequently known as an urban-positive species.[46] Biologists have long questioned how northern mockingbirds adapt to a novel environment in cities, and whether they fall into the typical ecological traps that are common for urban-dwelling birds.[46] A comparative study between an urban dwelling population and a rural dwelling one shows that the apparent survival is higher for individuals in the urban habitats. Lower food availability and travel costs may account for the higher mortality rate in rural habitats.[47] Urban birds are more likely to return to the nest where they had successfully bred the previous year and avoid those where breeding success was low. One explanation for this phenomenon is that urban environments are more predictable than non-urban ones, as the site fidelity among urban birds prevents them from ecological traps.[47] Mockingbirds are also able to utilize artificial lighting in order to feed nestlings in urban areas such as residential neighborhoods into the night in contrast to those that do not nest near those areas.[48] The adaptation of mockingbirds in urban habitats has led it to become more susceptible to lead poisoning in Baltimore and Washington, D.C. populations.[17]

text: In culture[edit]

text: It also features in the title and central metaphor of the novel To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee. In that novel, mockingbirds are portrayed as innocent and generous, and two of the major characters, Atticus Finch and Miss Maudie, say it is a sin to kill a mockingbird because "they don't do one thing for us but make music for us to enjoy. They don't eat up people's gardens, don't nest in corncribs, they don't do one thing but sing their hearts out for us."[49]

text: "Hush, Little Baby" is a traditional lullaby, thought to have been written in the Southern United States, its key first lines, "Hush, little baby, don't say a word, Mama's gonna buy you a mockingbird. And if that mockingbird don't sing, Mama's gonna buy you a diamond ring."

text: The song of the northern mockingbird inspired many classic American folk songs of the mid-19th century, such as "Listen to the Mocking Bird".[50]

text: Mockin' Bird Hill is a popular song best known through recordings by Patti Page, Donna Fargo, and by Les Paul and Mary Ford in 1951.

text: Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States, had a pet mockingbird named "Dick".[51][52]

text: In the fictional Neighborhood of Make-Believe on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, one of King Friday's "pets" is a wooden Northern mockingbird on a stick, which he refers to by the scientific name Mimus polyglottos.[53][54]

text: In the fictional world of the novel The Hunger Games, by Suzanne Collins, mockingjays are black and white birds created accidentally by the mating of engineered jabberjays with female mockingbirds, after rebels discovered and defeated the jabberjays' purpose. The mockingjay can perfectly copy the melody of human singing in a whistling tone. District 11 is known to have an especially large mockingjay population, and they are used there to signal the end of the work day.[55]

text: State bird[edit]

text: The northern mockingbird is the state bird of Arkansas, Florida, Mississippi, Tennessee and Texas,[56] and formerly the state bird of South Carolina.


document_title: American Pickers

question_text: what are the names of the american pickers

root

text: American Pickers

text: Overview[edit]

text: The show follows antique and collectible pickers Mike Wolfe and Frank Fritz who travel around the United States to buy or "pick" various items for resale, for clients, or for their own personal collections. They originally traveled in a Mercedes-Benz Sprinter van and now a Ford Transit. Danielle Colby runs the office of Wolfe's business, Antique Archaeology,[1] from their home base in Le Claire, Iowa, and more recently at a second location in Nashville, Tennessee. Fritz sells his acquisitions at his own shop and on his own website,[2] Frank Fritz Finds, upriver in Savanna, Illinois.[3] The men go on the road, not only following up leads that Colby has generated, but also "free-styling" - stopping at places that look like they might hold items worth buying. They also pick some places more than once.

tag: p

text: The series introduction is narrated by Wolfe and Fritz. The first three seasons used the complete opening. Beginning with season 4, a shortened version is used, with the portion in italics below removed:

text: I'm Mike Wolfe. And I'm Frank Fritz. And we're pickers. We travel the back roads of America looking to buy rusty gold.

text: We're looking for amazing things buried in people's garages and barns. What most people see as junk, we see as dollar signs. We'll buy "anything" we think we can make a buck on. Each item we pick has a history all its own. And the people we meet? Well, they're a breed all their own.

text: We make a living telling the history of America...one piece at a time.

text: Mike and Frank explore people's homes, barns, sheds, outbuildings, and other places where they have stored antiques and collectibles. They call upon casual collectors, hoarders, and occasionally people who have inherited overwhelming collections of apparent junk. Wolfe, who has been picking since age four,[4] has a particular interest in antique motorcycles, air-cooled Volkswagens, old bicycles, and penny-farthings, while Fritz has a fondness for antique toys, oil cans, and old Hondas.[5] They have purchased old advertisements and commercial signage, film posters, a rare 15-gallon visible gasoline pump, and a Piaggio Ape (pronounced: ah-peh) that one of their friends told them is probably the only one of its kind in North America.[6][7]

text: In December 2011, American Pickers revealed that Antique Archaeology had leased part of a former 1914 car factory in Nashville, Tennessee, which originally made the Marathon automobile, for a second business location to decrease the distance required to haul their finds from the southern states.[8]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The series debuted on January 18, 2010. The premiere episode of American Pickers had 3.1 million viewers, making it the highest rated History channel debut since Ice Road Truckers in 2007.[9] The September 8, 2010, episode "Laurel & Hardy" garnered Nielsen ratings as high as 5.3 million viewers in the 25–54 age group. As of that episode, the show retained the title of #1 new non-fiction series of 2010 among all viewers and adults 25–54.[10]

text: Episodes[edit]


document_title: List of NFL franchise post-season droughts

question_text: when is the last time the cleveland browns made the playoffs

text: Active team droughts[edit]

text: Post-season droughts[edit]

text: Updated through the 2016-17 post season.

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

0†0
Tied for Longest drought in team history

tag: table

text:
Playoff Droughts [1][2]

0Team0
Last earned appearance in post-season
Seasons

Buffalo Bills ^
1999 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
17

Cleveland Browns ^
2002 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
14

Los Angeles Rams ^
2004 NFC Divisional Playoffs
12

Jacksonville Jaguars ^
2007 AFC Divisional Playoffs
9

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2007 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
9

Tennessee Titans †
2008 AFC Divisional Playoffs
8

New York Jets
2010 AFC Championship Game
6

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Championship Game
6

Philadelphia Eagles
2013 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
3

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Divisional Playoffs
3

New Orleans Saints
2013 NFC Divisional Playoffs
3

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Championship Game
3

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs
2

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Championship Game
2

Cincinnati Bengals
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
1

Minnesota Vikings
2015 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
1

Washington Redskins
2015 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
1

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Championship Game
1

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50
1

Carolina Panthers
Super Bowl 50
1

2016 Playoff Teams

Miami Dolphins
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

Oakland Raiders
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

New York Giants
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

Detroit Lions
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
—

Kansas City Chiefs
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Dallas Cowboys
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—

Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC Championship Game
—

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Championship Game
—

New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI
—

Atlanta Falcons
Super Bowl LI
—

text: At 17 seasons, the Bills' playoff drought is also the longest in major North American professional sports.[3]

text: Playoff game victory droughts[edit]

text:
Updated through the 2016 season.
Sortable table, click on header arrows.

text:
0^0
Longest drought in team history

0†0
Tied for longest drought in team history

0♦0
Most consecutive losses in team history

0¤0
Tied for most consecutive losses in team history

0♣ ♣0
Most consecutive losses in NFL history

text:
Current Playoff Loss Streak[1]

Team
Last playoff game win
Seasons
Since Win
Loss
Streak
Playoff Losses - Teams

Cincinnati Bengals ^
1990 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
26
♦ 8
1990 Divisional - Los Angeles
2005 Wild Card - Pittsburgh
2009 Wild Card - New York Jets
2011 Wild Card - Houston
2012 Wild Card - Houston
2013 Wild Card - San Diego
2014 Wild Card - Indianapolis
2015 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Detroit Lions
1991 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
25
♣ ♣ 9
1991 NFC Championship - Washington
1993 Wild Card - Green Bay
1994 Wild Card - Green Bay
1995 Wild Card - Philadelphia
1997 Wild Card - Tampa Bay
1999 Wild Card - Washington
2011 Wild Card - New Orleans
2014 Wild Card - Dallas
2016 Wild Card - Seattle

Buffalo Bills ^
1995 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
21
♦ 4
1995 Divisional - Pittsburgh
1996 Wild Card - Jacksonville
1998 Wild Card - Miami
1999 Wild Card - Tennessee

Cleveland Browns ^
1994 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
19**
2
1994 Divisional - Pittsburgh
2002 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Miami Dolphins ^
2000 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
16
4 ¤
2000 Divisional - Oakland
2001 Wild Card - Baltimore
2008 Wild Card - Baltimore
2016 Wild Card - Pittsburgh

Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC Championship*
14
2 ¤
2002 Super Bowl - Tampa Bay
2016 Wild Card - Houston

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII*
14
2
2005 Wild Card - Washington
2007 Wild Card - New York Giants

Tennessee Titans
2003 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
13
3 ¤
2003 Divisional - New England
2007 Wild Card - San Diego
2008 Divisional - Baltimore

Los Angeles Rams
2004 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
12
1
2004 Divisional - Atlanta

Washington Redskins
2005 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
11
4 ¤
2005 Divisional - Seattle
2007 Wild Card - Seattle
2012 Wild Card - Seattle
2015 Wild Card - Green Bay

Jacksonville Jaguars ^
2007 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
9
1
2007 Divisional - New England

Philadelphia Eagles
2008 NFC Divisional Playoffs
8
4
2008 NFC Championship - Arizona
2009 Wild Card - Dallas
2010 Wild Card - Green Bay
2013 Wild Card - New Orleans

Minnesota Vikings
2009 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
7
3
2009 NFC Championship - New Orleans
2012 Wild Card - Green Bay
2015 Wild Card - Seattle

New York Jets
2010 AFC Divisional Playoffs
6
1
2010 AFC Championship - Pittsburgh

Chicago Bears
2010 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
6
1
2010 NFC Championship - Green Bay

New York Giants
2011 !Super Bowl XLVI
5
1
2016 Wild Card - Green Bay

Los Angeles Chargers
2013 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
3
1
2013 Divisional - Denver

New Orleans Saints
2013 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
3
1
2013 Divisional - Seattle

San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC Divisional Playoffs
3
1
2013 NFC Championship - Seattle

Baltimore Ravens
2014 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
2
1
2014 Divisional - New England

Dallas Cowboys
2014 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
2
2
2014 Divisional - Green Bay
2016 Divisional - Green Bay

Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC Divisional Playoffs
2
1
2014 AFC Championship - New England

Kansas City Chiefs
2015 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
1
2
2015 Divisional - New England
2016 Divisional - Pittsburgh

Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC Divisional Playoffs*
1
1
2015 NFC Championship - Carolina

Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC Championship*
1
1
2015 Super Bowl - Denver

Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50*
1
0
3 game win streak

2016 Playoff0
Winners

Houston Texans
2016 AFC Wild Card Playoffs
—
1
2016 Divisional - New England

Seattle Seahawks
2016 NFC Wild Card Playoffs
—
1
2016 Divisional - Atlanta

Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC Divisional Playoffs
—
1
2016 AFC Championship - New England

Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC Divisional Playoffs
—
1
2016 NFC Championship - Atlanta

Atlanta Falcons
2016 NFC Championship*
—
1
2016 Super Bowl - New England

New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI*
—
0
3 game win streak

Team
Last playoff game win
Seasons
Since Win
Loss
Streak
Playoff Losses - Teams

text:
(*): Franchise earned a bye in the Wild Card round.
(**): Franchise dormant 1996–1998.

text: AFC/NFC Championship game appearance droughts[edit]

text: This is also a list of the last time a particular club won a Divisional playoff game.

text:
Drought Reference [1]

Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in Conference Championship Game
Result

28
Cincinnati Bengals ^
1988 AFC
Won vs. Buffalo

25
Washington Redskins ^
1991 NFC
Won vs. Detroit

25
Detroit Lions ^
1991 NFC
Lost vs. Washington

24
Miami Dolphins ^
1992 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

24**
Cleveland Browns ^
1989 AFC
Lost vs. Denver

23
Buffalo Bills ^
1993 AFC
Won vs. Kansas City

23
Kansas City Chiefs †
1993 AFC
Lost vs. Buffalo

21
Dallas Cowboys ^
1995 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

17
Jacksonville Jaguars ^
1999 AFC
Lost vs. Tennessee

15
Houston Texans ^
1985Never*
y —

15
Los Angeles Rams ^
2001 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2002 NFC
Won vs. Philadelphia

14
Oakland Raiders ^
2002 AFC
Won vs. Tennessee

14
Tennessee Titans
2002 AFC
Lost vs. Oakland

9
Los Angeles Chargers
2007 AFC
Lost vs. New England

8
Philadelphia Eagles
2008 NFC
Lost vs. Arizona

7
New Orleans Saints
2009 NFC
Won vs. Minnesota

7
Minnesota Vikings
2009 NFC
Lost vs. New Orleans

6
New York Jets
2010 AFC
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

6
Chicago Bears
2010 NFC
Lost vs. Green Bay

5
New York Giants
2011 NFC
Won vs. San Francisco

4
Baltimore Ravens
2012 AFC
Won vs. New England

3
San Francisco 49ers
2013 NFC
Lost vs. Seattle

2
Indianapolis Colts
2014 AFC
Lost vs. New England

2
Seattle Seahawks
2014 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

1
Denver Broncos
2015 AFC
Won vs. New England

1
Arizona Cardinals
2015 NFC
Lost vs. Carolina

1
Carolina Panthers
2015 NFC
Won vs. Arizona

.75
Z2016 Conference Finalists
2015
z

—
Pittsburgh Steelers
2016 AFC
Lost vs. New England

.5 —
New England Patriots
2016 AFC
Won vs. Pittsburgh

—
Green Bay Packers
2016 NFC
Lost vs. Atlanta

—
Atlanta Falcons
2016 NFC
Won vs. Green Bay

text:
(*): Franchise first played in 2002 season
(**): Franchise dormant 1996–1998.

text: Super Bowl or NFL Championship appearance droughts[edit]

text:
Last appearance in Super Bowl or
NFL Championship[1][4]

Seasons
Team
Last appearance
in Super Bowl
NFL
Season
Result

59
Detroit Lions
7003195700000000000♠ 1957 NFL Championship Game
1957
Won vs. Cleveland

48
New York Jets
7003196800000000000♠ Super Bowl III
1968
Won vs. Baltimore Colts

47
Kansas City Chiefs
7003196900000000000♠ Super Bowl IV
1969
Won vs. Minnesota

44*
Cleveland Browns*
7003196910000000000♠1969.1 1969 NFL Championship Game
1969
Lost vs. Minnesota

40
Minnesota Vikings
7003197700000000000♠ Super Bowl XI
1976
Lost vs. Oakland

32
Miami Dolphins
7003198400000000000♠ Super Bowl XIX
1984
Lost vs. San Francisco

28
Cincinnati Bengals
7003198800000000000♠ Super Bowl XXIII
1988
Lost vs. San Francisco

25
Washington Redskins
7003199100000000000♠ Super Bowl XXVI
1991
Won vs. Buffalo

23
Buffalo Bills
7003199300000000000♠ Super Bowl XXVIII
1993
Lost vs. Dallas

22
Jacksonville Jaguars
7000100000000000000♠ Never (enfranchised 1995)

Y —

22
Los Angeles Chargers
7003199400000000000♠ Super Bowl XXIX
1994
Lost vs. San Francisco

21
Dallas Cowboys
7003199500000000000♠ Super Bowl XXX
1995
Won vs. Pittsburgh

17
Tennessee Titans
7003199900000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXIV
1999
Lost vs. St. Louis Rams

15
Houston Texans
7000200000000000000♠ Never (enfranchised 2002)

Y —

15
Los Angeles Rams †
7003200100000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVI
2001
Lost vs. New England

14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
7003200200000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Won vs. Oakland

14
Oakland Raiders
7003200210000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXVII
2002
Lost vs. Tampa Bay

12
Philadelphia Eagles
7003200400000000000♠ Super Bowl XXXIX
2004
Lost vs. New England

10
Chicago Bears
7003200600000000000♠ Super Bowl XLI
2006
Lost vs. Indianapolis

8
Arizona Cardinals
7003200800000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIII
2008
Lost vs. Pittsburgh

7
New Orleans Saints
7003200900000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Won vs. Indianapolis

7
Indianapolis Colts
7003200900000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIV
2009
Lost vs. New Orleans

6
Green Bay Packers
7003201000000000000♠ Super Bowl XLV
2010
Won vs. Pittsburgh

6
Pittsburgh Steelers
7003201010000000000♠ Super Bowl XLV
2010
Lost vs. Green Bay

5
New York Giants
7003201100000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVI
2011
Won vs. New England

4
Baltimore Ravens
7003201200000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Won vs. San Francisco

4
San Francisco 49ers
7003201210000000000♠ Super Bowl XLVII
2012
Lost vs. Baltimore Ravens

2
Seattle Seahawks
7003201420000000000♠ Super Bowl XLIX
2014
Lost vs. New England

1
Carolina Panthers
7003201500000000000♠ Super Bowl 50
2015
Lost vs. Denver

1
Denver Broncos
7003201500000000000♠ Super Bowl 50
2015
Won vs. Carolina

0
Atlanta Falcons
7003201600000000000♠ Super Bowl LI
2016
Lost vs. New England

0
New England Patriots
7003201600000000000♠ Super Bowl LI
2016
Won vs. Atlanta

text:
(*): Cleveland's drought does not include three seasons (1996–1998) where the franchise was dormant.
(†): Team was based in St. Louis.

text: Super Bowl win droughts[edit]

text: This list also counts all seasons since a team last won the league championship.

text:
Drought References[1][4]

Seasons
Team
Last Super Bowl crown
(1966–present)
NFL
Season
Last League Championship crown
Before 1970 Merger
(1920–1969)
Seasons

51
Arizona Cardinals[a]
Never
—
1947 NFL Championship
69

51
Detroit Lions
Never
—
1957 NFL Championship
59

51
Philadelphia Eagles
Never
—
1960 NFL Championship
56

51
Tennessee Titans[b]
Never
—
1961 AFL Championship
55

51
Los Angeles Chargers
Never
—
1963 AFL Championship
53

51
Buffalo Bills
Never
—
1965 AFL Championship
51

48
Cleveland Browns [d]
Never
—
1964 NFL Championship
49

51
Minnesota Vikings
Never
—
1969 NFL Championship[c]
47

51
Atlanta Falcons
Never (enfranchised 1966)
—

49
Cincinnati Bengals
Never (enfranchised 1968)
—

48
New York Jets[e]
Super Bowl III
1968

47
Kansas City Chiefs[e]
Super Bowl IV
1969

43
Miami Dolphins
Super Bowl VIII
1973

33
Oakland Raiders[f]
Super Bowl XVIII
1983

31
Chicago Bears
Super Bowl XX
1985

25
Washington Redskins
Super Bowl XXVI
1991

22
Jacksonville Jaguars
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

22
Carolina Panthers
Never (enfranchised 1995)
—

22
San Francisco 49ers
Super Bowl XXIX
1994

21
Dallas Cowboys
Super Bowl XXX
1995

17
Los Angeles Rams[g]
Super Bowl XXXIV
1999

15
Houston Texans
Never (enfranchised 2002)
—

14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers
Super Bowl XXXVII
2002

10
Indianapolis Colts
Super Bowl XLI
2006

8
Pittsburgh Steelers
Super Bowl XLIII
2008

7
New Orleans Saints
Super Bowl XLIV
2009

6
Green Bay Packers
Super Bowl XLV
2010

5
New York Giants
Super Bowl XLVI
2011

4
Baltimore Ravens
Super Bowl XLVII
2012

3
Seattle Seahawks
Super Bowl XLVIII
2013

1
Denver Broncos
Super Bowl 50
2015

0
New England Patriots
Super Bowl LI
2016

text:
a Team won as the Chicago Cardinals in 1947.
b Team won as the Houston Oilers in 1961.
c AFL and NFL league champions met in Super Bowls I thru IV before the 1970 merger (1966–1969). They are not generally counted in the overall league championship list.
d Cleveland's drought does not include three seasons (1996–98) when the franchise was dormant.
e Super Bowl winner was not the NFL league champion till after 1970 merger (Super Bowl V).
f Team was based in Los Angeles when it won Super Bowl XVIII.
g Team was based in St. Louis when it won Super Bowl XXXIV.

tag: ul

text: Super Bowl crown droughts by division[edit]

text:
Division
Last Super Bowl crown
Seasons

AFC South
XLI — Colts
10

NFC South
XLIV — Saints
7

NFC North
XLV — Packers
6

NFC East
XLVI — Giants
5

AFC North
XLVII — Ravens
4

NFC West
XLVIII — Seahawks
3

AFC West
50 — Broncos
1

AFC East
LI — Patriots
0

text: Cities/regions awaiting first Super Bowl crown[edit]

text: Listed according to seasons waited. Current NFL cities/regions only

text:
Last city to leave list - Seattle, 2013 season

City/region
Seasons waited
Conference Title(s)
Team(s)
Notes

Detroit
51
None
Detroit Lions (1966–)
Played in the 1991 NFC Championship Game

Philadelphia
51
1980, 2004
Philadelphia Eagles (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XV and XXXIX

Buffalo
51
1990, 1991, 1992, 1993
Buffalo Bills (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XXV, XXVI, XXVII, and XXVIII

Atlanta
51
1998, 2016
Atlanta Falcons (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls XXXIII and LI

Minneapolis–St. Paul
51
1969, 1973, 1974, 1976
Minnesota Vikings (1966–)
Played in Super Bowls IV, VIII, IX, and XI

Cincinnati
49
1981, 1988
Cincinnati Bengals (1968–)
Played in Super Bowls XVI and XXIII

Cleveland
48
None
Cleveland Browns (1966–)
Played in the 1986, 1987, and 1989 AFC Championship Games

Houston
46
None
Includes 31 Oilers seasons (1966–1996) and 15 Texans seasons (2002–)
Played in the 1978 and 1979 AFC Championship Games

Phoenix
29
2008
Phoenix/Arizona Cardinals (1988–)
Played in Super Bowl XLIII

Jacksonville
22
None
Jacksonville Jaguars (1995–)
Played in the 1996 and 1999 AFC Championship Games

Charlotte
22
2003, 2015
Carolina Panthers (1995–)
Played in Super Bowls XXXVIII and 50

Nashville
20
1999
Tennessee Oilers/Titans (1997–)
Played in Super Bowl XXXIV

text: Division title droughts[edit]

text: Listed according to seasons waited. Updated through the 2016 season.

text:
Franchise
0 0 Most recent0 0
division title
0Year0
Seasons

Cleveland Browns^
AFC Central
1989
24**

Detroit Lions^
NFC Central
1993
23

Buffalo Bills^
AFC East
1995
21

Jacksonville Jaguars^
AFC Central
1999
17

Oakland Raiders^
AFC West
2002
14

New York Jets
AFC East
2002
14

Los Angeles Rams†
NFC West
2003
13

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
NFC South
2007
9

Miami Dolphins^
AFC East
2008
8

Tennessee Titans
AFC South
2008
8

Los Angeles Chargers
AFC West
2009
7

Chicago Bears
NFC North
2010
6

New York Giants
NFC East
2011
5

New Orleans Saints
NFC South
2011
5

Baltimore Ravens
AFC North
2012
4

San Francisco 49ers
NFC West
2012
4

Philadelphia Eagles
NFC East
2013
3

Indianapolis Colts
AFC South
2014
2

Cincinnati Bengals
AFC North
2015
1

Denver Broncos
AFC West
2015
1

Washington Redskins
NFC East
2015
1

Minnesota Vikings
NFC North
2015
1

Carolina Panthers
NFC South
2015
1

Arizona Cardinals
NFC West
2015
1

2016 Division Champions

New England Patriots
AFC East
2016
—

Pittsburgh Steelers
AFC North
2016
—

Houston Texans
AFC South
2016
—

Kansas City Chiefs
AFC West
2016
—

Dallas Cowboys
NFC East
2016
—

Green Bay Packers
NFC North
2016
—

Atlanta Falcons
NFC South
2016
—

Seattle Seahawks
NFC West
2016
—

text: **Does not include the three seasons (1996–1998) during which the franchise suspended operations.

text: Historical team droughts[edit]

text: Playoff droughts of 5 plus seasons[edit]

text:
0^0
Denotes active streak

text:
Last place NFL finishes
Last place AFL finishes (1960–1969)

text:
List of Droughts[1]

Seasons
Team
Drought Duration
Division or Conference Last Place
finishes during drought
League Worst win-loss record
during drought

Last Place
Seasons

7001250000000000000♠25
Washington Redskins A !Washington Redskins
1946–1970
4
1950, 1952, 1960–1961
1961

7001250000000000000♠25
Arizona Cardinals A !Chicago / St. Louis Cardinals
1949–1973
5
1951, 1953–1954, 1957, 1959
1953, 1954, 1957 tie, 19591959 tie

7001240000000000000♠24
Pittsburgh Steelers A !Pittsburgh Steelers
1948–1971
5
1955, 1965, 1967–1969
1965, 1969 tie

7001200000000000000♠20
New Orleans Saints A !New Orleans Saints
1967–1986
9
1967, 1970–1972, 1975, 1977, 1980–1981, 1986
19751975 tie, 1980

7001170000000000000♠17
Denver Broncos A !Denver Broncos
1960–1976
8
1960, 1963–1967, 1970–1971
1960, 1963, 1964, 1965 tie, 1967

7001170000000000000♠17
Philadelphia Eagles A !Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1977
7
1962–1963, 1968–1970, 1972, 1975
1968 tie

7001170000000000000♠17
New York Giants D !New York Giants
1964–1980
9
1964, 1966, 1971, 1973–1974, 1976–1978, 1980
1964, 1966, 1974 tie

7001170000000000000♠17 ^
Buffalo Bills A !Buffalo Bills
2000–2016
8
2001–2002, 2008–2013
—

7001160000000000000♠16
Detroit Lions A !Detroit Lions
1936–1951
4
1942, 1946–1948
1942, 1946, 1948

7001150000000000000♠15
Arizona Cardinals B !Chicago Cardinals
1932–1946
10
1933, 1935–1936, 1938–1940, 1943–1946
1933, 1938 tie, 1939, 1943, 1944 tie[a], 1945

7001150000000000000♠15
Green Bay Packers A !Green Bay Packers
1945–1959
4
1949, 1953, 1957, 1958
1957 tie, 1958

7001150000000000000♠15
Arizona Cardinals C !St. Louis / Phoenix / Arizona Cardinals
1983–1997
7
1985–1986, 1990–1992, 1995, 1997
—

7001140000000000000♠14
Pittsburgh Steelers B !Pittsburgh Pirates / Steelers
1933–1946
7
1933–1934, 1938–1939, 1941, 1944–1945
1938 tie, 1941, 1944 tie[a]

7001140000000000000♠14
Philadelphia Eagles B !Philadelphia Eagles
1933–1946
5
1935–1937, 1940, 1942
1935, 1936, 1940

7001140000000000000♠14
Kansas City Chiefs A !Kansas City Chiefs
1972–1985
5
1977–1979, 1983, 1985
19771977 tie

7001140000000000000♠14
Tampa Bay Buccaneers A !Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1983–1996
8
1983, 1985–1986, 1989, 1991, 1993–1995
19831983 tie, 1985 tie, 1986

7001140000000000000♠14
Cincinnati Bengals A !Cincinnati Bengals
1991–2004
6
1991–1993, 1998, 2001–2002
1993, 1998 tie, 2002

7001140000000000000♠14 ^
Cleveland Browns A !Cleveland Browns
2003–2016
12
2003–2006, 2008–2009, 2011–2016
2015 tie, 2016

7001130000000000000♠13
Chicago Bears A !Chicago Bears
1964–1976
5
1969–1970, 1972–1974
1969 tie

7001130000000000000♠13
San Diego Chargers A !San Diego Chargers
1966–1978
3
1972–1973, 1975
1975 tie

7001130000000000000♠13
Oakland Raiders A !Oakland Raiders
2003–2015
6
2004–2007, 2013–2014
2003 tie, 2006

7001120000000000000♠12
Detroit Lions B !Detroit Lions
1958–1969
2
1966, 1968
—

7001120000000000000♠12
San Francisco 49ers A !San Francisco 49ers
1958–1969
3
1963–1964, 1969
1963

7001120000000000000♠12
New England Patriots A !Boston / New England Patriots
1964–1975
4
1967, 1970, 1972, 1975
1970

7001120000000000000♠12
Atlanta Falcons A !Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977
3
1967–1968, 1974
1967, 1968 tie

7001120000000000000♠12 ^
Los Angeles Rams A !St. Louis / Los Angeles Rams
2005–2016
6
2007–2009, 2011, 2013–2014
2009, 2011 tie

7001110000000000000♠11
Los Angeles Rams B !Los Angeles Rams
1956–1966
4
1956, 1959, 1962, 1965
19591959 tie, 1962

7001110000000000000♠11
New York Jets A !New York Jets
1970–1980
1
1980
—

7001110000000000000♠11
Detroit Lions C !Detroit Lions
1971–1981
1
1979
19791979 tie

7001110000000000000♠11
Detroit Lions D !Detroit Lions
2000–2010
6
2001–2003, 2006, 2008–2009
2008

7001100000000000000♠10
Philadelphia Eagles C !Philadelphia Eagles
1950–1959
2
1956, 1958
1956

7001100000000000000♠10
Green Bay Packers B !Green Bay Packers
1983–1992
1
1988
—

7001100000000000000♠10
Seattle Seahawks A !Seattle Seahawks
1989–1998
4
1992–1994, 1996
1992 tie

7000900000000000000♠9
Green Bay Packers C !Green Bay Packers
1973–1981
2
1976, 1980
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Indianapolis Colts A !Baltimore / Indianapolis Colts
1978–1986
4
1978 - 1979, 1982, 1986
1981 tie, 1982

7000900000000000000♠9
San Diego Chargers B !San Diego Chargers
1983–1991
4
1984, 1986, 1989, 1991
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Los Angeles Rams C !Los Angeles / St. Louis Rams
1990–1998
6
1991–1994, 1997–1998
—

7000900000000000000♠9
Arizona Cardinals E !Arizona Cardinals
1999–2007
4
2000, 2002–2003, 2006
2003 tie

7000900000000000000♠9
Houston Texans A !Houston Texans
2002–2010
5
2002–2003, 2005–2007
2005

7000900000000000000♠9 ^
Tampa Bay Buccaneers B !Tampa Bay Buccaneers
2008–2016
6
2009, 2011–2015
20142014 tie

7000900000000000000♠9 ^
Jacksonville Jaguars A !Jacksonville Jaguars
2008–2016
4
2008–2009, 2012, 2016
2012 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
New York Jets B !New York Titans / Jets
1960–1967
2
1962–1963
—

7000800000000000000♠8
Tennessee Titans A !Houston Oilers
1970–1977
4
1970, 1972–1973, 1976
1972, 1973

7000800000000000000♠8
San Francisco 49ers B !San Francisco 49ers
1973–1980
2
1978–1979
1978, 1979 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
Atlanta Falcons B !Atlanta Falcons
1983–1990
7
1983–1985, 1987–1990
1987

7000800000000000000♠8
San Diego Chargers C !San Diego Chargers
1996–2003
5
1997–1998, 2000–2001, 2003
2000, 2003 tie

7000800000000000000♠8
San Francisco 49ers C !San Francisco 49ers
2003–2010
2
2004–2005
2004

7000800000000000000♠8 ^
Tennessee Titans B !Tennessee Titans
2009–2016
3
2010, 2014–2015
20142014 tie, 2015 tie

7000700000000000000♠7
Los Angeles Rams D !Cleveland Rams
1937–1944 [b]
2
1937, 1941
1937

7000700000000000000♠7
San Francisco 49ers D !San Francisco 49ers
1950–1956
0
—
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Oakland Raiders B !Oakland Raiders
1960–1966
2
1961–1962
1961, 1962

7000700000000000000♠7
Minnesota Vikings A !Minnesota Vikings
1961–1967
3
1961, 1966–1967
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Buffalo Bills B !Buffalo Bills
1967–1973
2
1968, 1971

1968
1971

7000700000000000000♠7
Cleveland Browns B !Cleveland Browns
1973–1979
3
1974–1975, 1977
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Seattle Seahawks B !Seattle Seahawks
1976–1982
3
1976, 1980–1981
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Detroit Lions E !Detroit Lions
1984–1990
1
1987
—

7000700000000000000♠7
New England Patriots A !New England Patriots
1987–1993
2
1990, 1992
1990, 1992 tie

7000700000000000000♠7
Indianapolis Colts B !Indianapolis Colts
1988–1994
2
1991, 1993
1991

7000700000000000000♠7
New Orleans Saints B !New Orleans Saints
1993–1999
3
1995–1996, 1999
—

7000700000000000000♠7
Miami Dolphins A !Miami Dolphins
2009–2015
1
2015
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Chicago Bears B !Chicago Bears
1957–1962
0
—
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Dallas Cowboys A !Dallas Cowboys
1960–1965
1
1960
1960

7000600000000000000♠6
Arizona Cardinals E !St. Louis Cardinals
1976–1981
2
1979, 1981
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Tennessee Titans C !Houston Oilers
1981–1986
4
1983–1986
19831983 tie

7000600000000000000♠6
Buffalo Bills C !Buffalo Bills
1982–1987
2
1984–1985
1984, 1985 tie

7000600000000000000♠6
Philadelphia Eagles D !Philadelphia Eagles
1982–1987
1
1984
—

7000600000000000000♠6
New York Jets C !New York Jets
1992–1997
3
1994–1996
1995, 1996

7000600000000000000♠6
Washington Redskins B !Washington Redskins
1993–1998
2
1993–1994
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Oakland Raiders C !Los Angeles / Oakland Raiders
1994–1999
0
—
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Chicago Bears C !Chicago Bears
1995–2000
4
1997–2000
—

7000600000000000000♠6
Carolina Panthers A !Carolina Panthers
1997–2002
2
2001–2002
2001

7000600000000000000♠6
Miami Dolphins B !Miami Dolphins
2002–2007
3
2004, 2006–2007
2007

7000600000000000000♠6 ^
New York Jets D !New York Jets
2011–2016
2
2014, 2016
—

7000600000000000000♠6 ^
Chicago Bears E !Chicago Bears
2011–2016
3
2014–2016
—

7000500000000000000♠5
New York Giants D !New York Giants
1951–1955
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Chicago Bears D !Chicago Bears
1951–1955
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Indianapolis Colts C !Baltimore Colts
1953–1957
1
1954
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cleveland Browns C !Cleveland Browns
1959–1963
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Buffalo Bills D !Buffalo Bills
1975–1979
2
1976–1977
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cincinnati Bengals B !Cincinnati Bengals
1976–1980
3
1978–1980
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Washington Redskins C !Washington Redskins
1977–1981
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Cincinnati Bengals C !Cincinnati Bengals
1983–1987
1
1987
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Dallas Cowboys B !Dallas Cowboys
1986–1990
2
1988, 1989
1988, 1989

7000500000000000000♠5
Tennessee Titans D !Houston / Tennessee Oilers
1994–1998
1
1994
1994

7000500000000000000♠5
Kansas City Chiefs B !Kansas City Chiefs
1998–2002
1
2002
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Washington Redskins D !Washington Redskins
2000–2004
1
2004
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Jacksonville Jaguars B !Jacksonville Jaguars
2000–2004
0
—
—

7000500000000000000♠5
New Orleans Saints C !New Orleans Saints
2001–2005
1
2005
—

7000500000000000000♠5
Denver Broncos B !Denver Broncos
2006–2010
1
2010
—

Seasons
Team
Drought Duration
Last Place
Seasons
League Worst win-loss record
during drought

Division or Conference Last Place
finishes during drought

text: Most consecutive post-season losses in team history[edit]

text: This is a sortable table of all 32 current NFL teams. Ten teams have multiple losing streaks where they lost an equal number of post season games before breaking the drought.

text: Updated through the 2016 regular season.

text:
0^0
Denotes active drought

text:
Team
Streak lasted
Last win
Games Lost
Playoff Losses
Score
Opponent
Next win

Arizona Cardinals
7001510000000000000♠ 51 years
1947
Championship
4.1 !4
1948 NFL Champ.
1974 Div.
1975 Div.
1982 1st Round
-1 !0–7
14–30
23–35
16–41
Eagles
Vikings
Rams
Packers
1998 Wild Card

Atlanta Falcons
7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
2004 Divisional
4.2 !4
2004 NFC Champ.
2008 Wild Card
2010 Div.
2011 Wild Card
10–27
24–30
21–48
2–24
Eagles
Cardinals
Packers
Giants
2012 Divisional

Baltimore Ravens
7000700000000000000♠ 7 years
2001
Wild Card
3.1 !3
2001 Div.
2003 Wild Card
2006 Div.
10–27
17–20
6–15
Steelers
Titans
Colts
2008 Wild Card

Buffalo Bills^
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1995
Div !1995
Wild Card
4.3 !4
1995 Div.
1996 Wild Card
1998 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
21–40
27–30
17–24
16–22
Steelers
Jaguars
Dolphins
Titans
TBD

Carolina Panthers
7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
2005
Divisional
3
2005 NFC Champ.
2008 Div.
2013 Div.
14–34
13–33
10–23
Seahawks
Cardinals
49ers
2014 Div !2014 Wild Card

Chicago Bears
7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1994
AF !1994
Wild Card
3.2 !3
1994 Div.
2001 Div.
2005 Div.
15–44
19–33
21–29
49ers
Eagles
Panthers
2006 Divisional

Cincinnati Bengals^
7001260000000000000♠ 26 years
1990 Div !1990
Wild Card
8
1990 Div.
2005 Wild Card
2009 Wild Card
2011 Wild Card
2012 Wild Card
2013 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
2015 Wild Card
10–20
17–31
14–24
10–31
13–19
10–27
10–26
16–18
Raiders
Steelers
Jets
Texans
Texans
Chargers
Colts
Steelers
TBD

Cleveland Browns
7001170000000000000♠ 17 years
1969 Divisional
6
1969 NFL Champ.
1971 Div.
1972 Div.
1980 Div.
1982 1st Round
1985 Div.
7–27
3–20
14–20
12–14
10–27
21–24
Vikings
Colts
Dolphins
Raiders
Raiders
Dolphins
1986 Divisional

Dallas Cowboys
7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
1996
Div !1996
Wild Card
6.2 !6
1996 Div.
1998 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
2003 Wild Card
2006 Wild Card
2007 Div.
17–26
7–20
10–27
10–29
20–21
17–21
Panthers
Cardinals
Vikings
Panthers
Seahawks
Giants
2009 Wild Card

Denver Broncos
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1977
Conference
Championship
5.1 !5
1977 !Super Bowl XII
1978 Div.
1979 Wild Card
1983 Wild Card
1984 Div.
10–27
10–33
7–13
7–31
17–24
Cowboys
Steelers
Oilers
Seahawks
Steelers
1986 Divisional

Detroit Lions^
7001250000000000000♠ 25 years
1991
Divisional
9
1991.2 !1991 NFC Champ.
1993 Wild Card
1994 Wild Card
1995 Wild Card
1997 Wild Card
1999 Wild Card
2011 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
2016 Wild Card
10–41
24–28
12–16
37–58
10–20
13–27
28–45
20–24
6-26
Redskins
Packers
Packers
Eagles
Buccaneers
Redskins
Saints
Cowboys
Seahawks
TBD

Green Bay Packers
005 (2 loss) streaks
7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1997 Conference
Championship
2.2 !2
1997.2 !Super Bowl XXXII
1998 Wild Card
24–31
27–30
Broncos
49ers
2001 Wild Card

7000200000000000000♠ 2 years
2001
Wild Card
2.3 !2
2001.1 !2001 Div.
2002 Wild Card
17–45
7–27
Rams
Falcons
2003 Wild Card

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
2003
Wild Card
2.4 !2
2003.1 !2003 Div.
2004 Wild Card
17–20 (OT)
17–31
Eagles
Vikings
2007 Divisional

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
2007
Divisional
2.5 !2
2007.2 !2007 NFC Champ.
2009 Wild Card
20–23 (OT)
45–51 (OT)
Giants
Cardinals
2010 Wild Card

7000200000000000000♠ 2 years
2012
Wild Card
2.6 !2
2012 Div.
2013 Wild Card
31–45
20–23
49ers
49ers
2014 Divisional

Houston Texans
7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
2012 Wild Card
2
2012.1 !2012 Divisional
2015 Wild Card
28–41
0–30
Patriots
Chiefs
2016 Wild Card

Indianapolis Colts
002 (5 loss) streaks
7001240000000000000♠24 years
1971
Divisional
5.2 !5
1971.1 !1971 AFC Champ.
1975 Div.
1976 Div.
1977 Div.
1987 Div.
0–21
10–28
14–40
31–37 (2 OT)
21–38
Dolphins
Steelers
Steelers
Raiders
Browns
1995 Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1995
Divisional
5.3 !5
1995.3 !1995 AFC Champ.
1996 Wild Card
1999 Div.
2000 Wild Card
2002 Wild Card
16–20
14–42
16–19
17–23 (OT)
0–41
Steelers
Steelers
Titans
Dolphins
Jets
2003 Wild Card

Jacksonville Jaguars
002 (2 loss) streaks
2 years
1996
Divisional
2.6 !2
1996.2 !1996 AFC Champ.
1997 Wild Card
6–20
17–42
Patriots
Broncos
1998 Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1999
Divisional
2.7 !2
1999.2 !1999 AFC Champ.
2005 Wild Card
14–33
3–28
Titans
Patriots
2007 Div !2007 Wild Card

Kansas City Chiefs
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1993
Divisional
8
1993.2 !1993 AFC Champ.
1994 Wild Card
1995 Div.
1997 Div.
2003 Div.
2006 Wild Card
2010 Wild Card
2013 Wild Card
13–30
17–27
7–10
10–14
31–38
8–23
7–30
44–45
Bills
Dolphins
Colts
Broncos
Colts
Colts
Ravens
Colts
2015 Wild Card

Los Angeles Chargers
7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
1994
AFC Championship
4.8 !4
1994.2 !Super Bowl XXIX
1995 Wild Card
2004 Wild Card
2006 Div.
26–49
20–35
17–20 (OT)
21–24
49ers
Colts
Jets
Patriots
2007 Div !2007 Wild Card

Los Angeles Rams
7001230000000000000♠ 23 years
1951
Championship
5.5 !5
1952 Nat. Conf.
1955 NFL Champ.
1967 NFL W Conf.
1969 NFL W Conf.
1973 Div.
21–31
14–38
7–28
20–23
16–27
Lions
Browns
Packers
Vikings
Cowboys
1974 Divisional

Miami Dolphins
002 (4 loss) streaks
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1973
Super Bowl
4.5 !4
1974 Div.
1978 Wild Card
1979 Div.
1981 Div.
26–28
9–17
14–34
38–41 (OT)
Raiders
Oilers
Steelers
Chargers
1982 First Round

7001160000000000000♠ 16 years
2000
Wild Card
4.9 !4
2000 Div.
2001 Wild Card
2008 Wild Card
2016 Wild Card
0–27
3–20
9–27
12–30
Raiders
Ravens
Ravens
Steelers
TBD

Minnesota Vikings
7000900000000000000♠ 9 years
1988
Wild Card
6.3 !6
1988 Div.
1989 Div.
1992 Wild Card
1993 Wild Card
1994 Wild Card
1996 Wild Card
9–34
13–41
7–24
10–17
18–35
15–45
49ers
49ers
Redskins
Giants
Bears
Cowboys
1997 Wild Card

New England Patriots
7001220000000000000♠ 22 years
1963
Divisional
4.6 !4
1963 AFL Champ.
1976 Div.
1978 Div.
1982 1st Round
10–51
21–24
14–31
13–28
Chargers
Raiders
Oilers
Dolphins
1985 Wild Card

New Orleans Saints
7001320000000000000♠ 32 years
1967 Enfranchised
No Playoff
Wins
till 2000
4.7 !4
1987 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
1991 Wild Card
1992 Wild Card
10–44
6–16
20–27
20–36
Vikings
Bears
Falcons
Eagles
2000 Wild Card

New York Giants
7001180000000000000♠ 18 years
1938
Championship
6.4 !6
1939 NFL Champ.
1941 NFL Champ.
1943 East Div.
1944 NFL Champ.
1946 NFL Champ.
1950 Am. Conf.
0–27
9–37
0–28
7–14
14–24
3–8
Packers
Bears
Redskins
Packers
Bears
Browns
1956 Championship

New York Jets
005 (2 loss) streaks
7001140000000000000♠ 14 years
1968
Super Bowl III
2.8 !2
1969 AFL Div.
1981 Wild Card
6–13
27–31
Chiefs
Bills
1982 First Round

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1982 2nd Round
2.9 !2
1982.1 !1982 AFC Champ.
1985 Wild Card
0–14
14–26
Dolphins
Patriots
1986 Wild Card

7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1986 Wild Card
2.91 !2
1986 Div.
1991 Wild Card
20–23 (2 OT)
10–17
Browns
Oilers
1998 World !1998 Divisional

7000400000000000000♠ 4 years
1998 Divisional
2.92 !2
1998.1 !1998 AFC Champ.
2001 Wild Card
10–23
24–38
Broncos
Raiders
2002 Div !2002 Wild Card

7000500000000000000♠ 5 years
2004
Wild Card
2.93 !2
2004.1 !2004 Divisional
2006 Wild Card
17–20 (OT)
16–37
Steelers
Patriots
2009 Wild Card

Oakland Raiders
004 (2 loss) streaks
7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1970
Divisional
2.94 !2
1970 AFC Champ.
1972 Div.
17–27
7–13
Colts
Steelers
1973 Divisional

7000700000000000000♠ 7 years
1983
Super Bowl XVIII
2.95 !2
1984 Wild Card
1985 Div.
7–13
20–27
Seahawks
Patriots
1990 Divisional

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1990 Divisional
2.96 !2
1990.2 !1990 AFC Champ.
1991 Wild Card
3–51
6–10
Bills
Chiefs
1993 Wild Card

7001140000000000000♠ 14 years
2002 AFC Championship
2.96 !2
1990.2 !Super Bowl XXXVIII
2016 Wild Card
24-41
14-27
Bucs
Texans
TBD

Philadelphia Eagles
7001120000000000000♠ 12 years
1980
Conference
Championship
5.4 !5
1980.1 !Super Bowl XV
1981 Wild Card
1988 Div.
1989 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
10–27
21–27
12–20
7–21
6–20
Raiders
Giants
Bears
Rams
Redskins
1992 Wild Card

Pittsburgh Steelers
002 (3 loss) streaks
7000500000000000000♠ 5 years
1989
Wild Card
3.3 !3
1989.1 !1989 Div.
1992 Div.
1993 Wild Card
23–24
3–24
24–27
Broncos
Bills
Chiefs
1994 Divisional

7000400000000000000♠4 years
2010 AFC Championship
3
2010.1 !Super Bowl XLV
2011 Wild Card
2014 Wild Card
25–31
23–29
17–30
Packers
Broncos
Ravens
2015 Wild Card

San Francisco 49ers
7000400000000000000♠4 years
1984
Super Bowl XIX
3.4 !3
1985 Wild Card
1986 Div.
1987 Div.
3–17
3–49
24–36
Giants
Giants
Vikings
1988 Divisional

Seattle Seahawks
7001210000000000000♠ 21 years
1984
Su !1984
Wild Card
6.5 !6
1984.2 !1984 Div.
1987 Wild Card
1988 Div.
1999 Wild Card
2003 Wild Card
2004 Wild Card
10–31
20–23 (OT)
13–21
17–20
27–33 (OT)
20–27
Dolphins
Oilers
Bengals
Dolphins
Packers
Rams
2005 Divisional

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
002 (3 loss) streaks
7001180000000000000♠ 18 years
1979
Divisional
3.5 !3
1979.2 !1979 NFC Champ.
1981 Div.
1982 1st Round
0–9
0–38
17–30
Rams
Cowboys
Cowboys
1997 Wild Card

7000300000000000000♠3 years
1999
Divisional
3.6 !3
1999.3 !1999 NFC Champ.
2000 Wild Card
2001 Wild Card
6–11
3–21
9–31
Rams
Eagles
Eagles
2002 Divisional

Tennessee Titans^
004 (3 loss) streaks
7001170000000000000♠ 17 years
1961 AFL
Championship
3.7 !3[Hou]
1962 AFL Champ.
1967 AFL Champ.
1969 AFL Div.
17–20 (2 OT)
7–40
7–56
Chief !Dallas Texans
Raiders
Raiders
1978 Wild Card

7000300000000000000♠ 3 years
1988
Wild Card
3.8 !3[Hou]
1988 Div.
1989 Wild Card
1990 Wild Card
10–17
23–26 (OT)
14–41
Bills
Steelers
Bengals
1991
Wild Card

7000800000000000000♠ 8 years
1991
Div !1991
Wild Card
3.9 !3[Hou]
1991.1 !1991 Divisional
1992 Wild Card
1993 Divisional
24–26
38–41 (OT)
20–28
Broncos
Bills
Chiefs
1999
Wild Card

7001130000000000000♠ 13 years
2003
Wild Card
3.91 !3
2003.3 !2003 Div.
2007 Wild Card
2008 Div.
14–17
6–17
10–13
Patriots
Chargers
Ravens
TBD

Washington Redskins
002 (4 loss) streaks
7001100000000000000♠ 10 years
1972
NFC Championship
4.9 !4
1972.2 !Super Bowl VII
1973 Div.
1974 Div.
1976 Div.
7–14
20–27
10–19
20–35
Dolphins
Vikings
Rams
Vikings
1982 First Round

7001110000000000000♠ 11 years
2005
Wild Card
4.9 !4
2005 Div.
2007 Wild Card
2012 Wild Card
2015 Wild Card
10–20
14–35
14–24
18–35
Seahawks
Seahawks
Seahawks
Packers
TBD

Team
Streak lasted
Last win
Games Lost
Playoff Games
Score
Opponent
Next win

text: Hou These three streaks occurred when the team was known as the Houston Oilers.

text: Longest post-season droughts in team history[edit]

text:
Updated through the 2016 season.
Note that the NFL did not institute a permanent playoff tournament until 1967 and that the NFL Championship Game and any impromptu one-game playoffs (played only in the event of a tie atop the division standings) were the only postseason matchups in this era (the Bert Bell Benefit Bowl is considered an exhibition game for the purpose of this list).

text:
0^0
Denotes active streak

text:
No post season appearances

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season appearances
Seasons

Washington Redskins
1946–1970
25

Arizona Cardinals
1949–1973
25

Pittsburgh Steelers
1948–1971
24

New Orleans Saints
1967–1986
20

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1977
17

New York Giants
1964–1980
17

Buffalo Bills^
2000–2016^
17

Detroit Lions
1936–1951
16

Green Bay Packers
1945–1959
15

Kansas City Chiefs
1972–1985
14

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1983–1996
14

Cincinnati Bengals
1991–2004
14

Cleveland Browns^
2003–2016^
14

Chicago Bears
1964–1976
13

Los Angeles Chargers
1966–1978
13

Oakland Raiders
2003–2015
13

San Francisco 49ers
1958–1969
12

New England Patriots
1964–1975
12

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977
12

Los Angeles Rams^
2005–2016^
12

New York Jets
1970–1980
11

Seattle Seahawks
1989–1998
10

Indianapolis Colts
1978–1986
9

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars^
2008–2016^
9

Tennessee Titans
1970–1977
8

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1967
7

Miami Dolphins
2009–2015
7

Dallas Cowboys
1960–1965
6

Carolina Panthers
1997–2002
6

Baltimore Ravens
1996–1999
4

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season appearances
Seasons

No post season victories

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season victories
Seasons

Arizona Cardinals
1948–1997
50

Pittsburgh Steelers
1933–1971
39

Detroit Lions
1958–1990
33

New Orleans Saints
1967–1999
33

Washington Redskins
1944–1971
28

Cincinnati Bengals^
1991–2016^
26

Indianapolis Colts
1972–1994
23

Los Angeles Rams
1952–1973
22

New York Giants
1959–1980
22

New England Patriots
1964–1984
21

Kansas City Chiefs
1970–1990
1994–2014
21

Buffalo Bills^
1996–2016^
21

San Francisco 49ers
1950–1969
20

Chicago Bears
1964–1983
20

Seattle Seahawks
1985–2004
20

Cleveland Browns^
1995, 1999–2016^
19

Philadelphia Eagles
1961–1978
18

Denver Broncos
1960–1976
17

Tampa Bay Buccaneers
1980–1996
17

Green Bay Packers
1945–1960
16

Tennessee Titans
1962–1977
16

Los Angeles Chargers
1964–1979
16

Miami Dolphins^
2001–2016^
16

Oakland Raiders^
2003–2016^
14

New York Jets
1969–1981
13

Atlanta Falcons
1966–1977;
1979–1990
12

Dallas Cowboys
1997–2008
12

Houston Texans
2002–2010
9

Jacksonville Jaguars^
2008–2016^
9

Minnesota Vikings
1961–1968;
1989–1996
8

Carolina Panthers
2006–2013
8

Baltimore Ravens
2002–2007
6

Team
Longest streak with
no post-season victories
Seasons


document_title: Vikings (2013 TV series)

question_text: what year does the tv show vikings take place

text: Vikings (2013 TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: The series is inspired by the tales of the Norsemen of early medieval Scandinavia. It broadly follows the exploits of the legendary Viking chieftain Ragnar Lothbrok and his crew, family and descendants, as notably laid down in the 13th-century sagas Ragnars saga Loðbrókar and Ragnarssona þáttr, as well as in Saxo Grammaticus's 12th-century work Gesta Danorum. Norse legendary sagas were partially fictional tales based in the Norse oral tradition, written down about 200 to 400 years after the events they describe. Further inspiration is taken from historical sources of the period, such as records of the Viking raid on Lindisfarne depicted in the second episode, or Ahmad ibn Fadlan's 10th-century account of the Volga Vikings. The series begins at the start of the Viking Age, marked by the Lindisfarne raid in 793.

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Travis Fimmel as Ragnar Lothbrok (seasons 1–4)
Katheryn Winnick as Lagertha
Clive Standen as Rollo[4] (seasons 1–4; guest season 5)
Jessalyn Gilsig as Siggy (seasons 1–3)
Gustaf Skarsgård as Floki
George Blagden as Athelstan (main seasons 1–3; recurring season 4)
Gabriel Byrne as Earl Haraldson (season 1)
Alyssa Sutherland as Aslaug (seasons 1–4)[5]
Donal Logue as Horik of Denmark (seasons 1–2)
Alexander Ludwig as Bjorn Ironside (seasons 2–)
Linus Roache as Ecbert of Wessex (seasons 2–4)
Ben Robson as Kalf (seasons 3–4)
Kevin Durand as Harbard (seasons 3–4)
Lothaire Bluteau as Charles of West Francia (seasons 3–4)
John Kavanagh as The Seer (recurring seasons 1–3; main seasons 4–) and Pope Leo IV (guest season 4)
Peter Franzén as Harald Finehair (seasons 4–)[6]
Jasper Pääkkönen as Halfdan the Black (seasons 4–5)[6]
Moe Dunford as Aethelwulf (recurring seasons 2–4; main seasons 4–5)
Alex Høgh as Ivar the Boneless (seasons 4–)
Marco Ilsø as Hvitserk (seasons 4–)
David Lindström as Sigurd Snake-in-the-Eye (season 4)
Jordan Patrick Smith as Ubbe (seasons 4–)
Jonathan Rhys Meyers as Bishop Heahmund (seasons 4–)

text: Production[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: An Irish-Canadian co-production, Vikings was developed and produced by Octagon Films and Take 5 Productions.[1] Michael Hirst, Morgan O'Sullivan, John Weber, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn and Sheila Hockin are credited as executive producers.[1] The first season's budget was reported as US$40 million.[7]

text: The series began filming in July 2012 at Ashford Studios which is a newly built facility in Ireland.[8] This location was chosen for its scenery and tax advantages.[7] On August 16, 2012, longship scenes were filmed at Luggala, as well as on the Poulaphouca Reservoir in the Wicklow Mountains.[9] 70 percent of the first season was filmed outdoors.[7] Some additional background shots were done in western Norway.[10]

text: Johan Renck,[11] Ciarán Donnelly and Ken Girotti each directed three episodes. The production team included cinematographer John Bartley, costume designer Joan Bergin, production designer Tom Conroy, composer Trevor Morris and Irish choir Crux Vocal Ensemble, directed by Paul McGough.

text: Season 2[edit]

text: On April 5, 2013, History renewed Vikings for a ten-episode second season.[12] Jeff Woolnough[13] and Kari Skogland joined Ken Girotti and Ciaran Donnelly as directors of the second season.[14]

text: Two new series regulars were announced on June 11, 2013. Alexander Ludwig, portraying the teenage Björn, and Linus Roache, playing King Ecbert of Wessex.[15] The second season undergoes a jump in time, aging the young Björn (Nathan O'Toole) into an older swordsman portrayed by Ludwig. The older Björn has not seen his father, Ragnar, for "a long period of time". Lagertha remarries to a powerful jarl, a stepfather who provides harsh guidance to Björn.[16] Edvin Endre, son of Swedish actress Lena Endre,[17] and Anna Åström signed up for roles in the second season.[18] Endre had the role of Erlendur, one of King Horik's sons.

text: Season 3[edit]

text: Morgan O'Sullivan, Sheila Hockin, Sherry Marsh, Alan Gasmer, James Flynn, John Weber, and Michael Hirst are credited as executive producers.[1]

text: This season was produced by Steve Wakefield and Keith Thompson. Bill Goddard and Séamus McInerney act as co-producers. The production team for this season includes casting directors Frank and Nuala Moiselle, costume designer Joan Bergin, visual effects supervisors Julian Parry and Dominic Remane, stunt action designers Franklin Henson and Richard Ryan, composer Trevor Morris, production designer Mark Geraghty, editors Aaron Marshall for the first, third, fifth, seventh and ninth episodes, and Tad Seaborn for the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and tenth episodes, and cinematographer Pj Dillon.

text: Norwegian music group Wardruna provided much of the background music to the series. Wardruna's founder Einar Kvitrafn Selvik also appeared as an actor in the show during the third season as a shaman.[19]

text: Season 4[edit]

text: Michael Hirst announced plans for the fourth season before the third season had begun airing.[20] The fourth season began production around the Dublin area in April 2015.[21]

text: Finnish actors Peter Franzén and Jasper Pääkkönen, as well as Canadian actress Dianne Doan joined the cast of the fourth season. Franzén played Norwegian King Harald Finehair, a potential rival to Ragnar. Pääkkönen was cast as Halfdan the Black, Finehair's brother. Doan portrays Yidu, a Chinese character who has a major role in the first half of the fourth season.[22]

text: Toronto Blue Jays player Josh Donaldson is a fan of the Vikings series and in January 2016, it was announced that he would have a guest appearance in the fourth season of the show as "Hoskuld".[23]

text: Season 5[edit]

text: At the same time that the series was renewed for a fifth season, it was announced that Irish actor Jonathan Rhys Meyers would be joining the cast,[24] as Heahmund, a "warrior bishop". Vikings creator Michael Hirst, explained: "I was looking at the history books, and I came across these warrior bishops. The antecedents of the Knights Templar: these are people who were absolutely religious, yet they put on armor and they fought. Don't let their priestly status fool you, either. 'They were crazy! They believed totally in Christianity and the message, and yet, on the battlefield, they were totally berserk.'" [25]

text: Former WWE star Adam Copeland, was cast in a recurring role for the fifth season, as Kjetill Flatnose, a violent and bold warrior. He is chosen by Floki to lead an expedition to Iceland to set up a colony.[26] Irish actor Darren Cahill will play the role of Aethelred in the fifth season.[27] Nigerian actor Stanley Amuzie told local media he had landed a small role in the fifth season.[28] The fifth season will also include Irish actor, musician and real-life police detective, Kieran O'Reilly, who will play the role of "White Hair".[29] In April 2017 it was announced that Danish actor Erik Madsen will join the cast for the fifth season, as King Hemmig.[30] He spent several months of 2016 on the set of The Last Kingdom, portraying a Viking.[31]

text: Season 6[edit]

text: Russian actor Danila Kozlovsky is set to join the series for the sixth season, as Oleg of Novgorod, the 10th century Varangian (east European Vikings) ruler of the Rus' people. Coincidentally, Kozlovsky headlined the big-budget 2016 Russian feature Viking, playing one of Oleg's successors, Vladimir the Great, Prince of Novgorod.[32]

text: Katheryn Winnick, who portrays Lagertha in the show, will direct one of the Season 6 episodes. [33]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
9
March 3, 2013 (2013-03-03)
April 28, 2013 (2013-04-28)

2
10
February 27, 2014 (2014-02-27)
May 1, 2014 (2014-05-01)

3
10
February 19, 2015 (2015-02-19)
April 23, 2015 (2015-04-23)

4
20
10
February 18, 2016 (2016-02-18)
April 21, 2016 (2016-04-21)

10
November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)
February 1, 2017 (2017-02-01)

5
20[34]
10
November 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
January 24, 2018 (2018-01-24)

10[35]
2018 (2018)[35]
2018 (2018)[35]

text: Vikings premiered on March 3, 2013 in Canada[36] and the United States.[8] Vikings was renewed for a fourth season in March 2015 with an extended order of 20 episodes, which premiered on February 18, 2016.[37][38][39] On March 17, 2016, History renewed Vikings for a fifth season of 20 episodes, which premiered on November 29, 2017.[24][40] On September 12, 2017, ahead of its fifth-season premiere, the series was renewed for a sixth season of 20 episodes.[41]

text: In the UK, Vikings premiered on May 24, 2013 where it was exclusively available on the streaming video-on-demand service LoveFilm.[42] The second season premiered on March 24, 2015.[43] The third season began airing on February 20, 2015 on Amazon Video.[44]

text: In Australia, the series premiered on August 8, 2013 on SBS One.[45] It was later moved to FX, which debuted the second season on February 4, 2015.[46] Season three of Vikings began broadcasting in Australia on SBS One on March 19, 2015.[47] Season four of Vikings began broadcasting in Australia on SBS One on February 24, 2016.[48]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Reviews[edit]

text:
Metacritic ratings per season

Season 1
Season 2
Season 3

Rating
71[49]
77[50]
81[51]

text: The first episode received favourable reviews, with an average rating of 71% according to Metacritic.[52] Alan Sepinwall of HitFix praised the casting, notably of Fimmel as Ragnar, and observed that Vikings "isn't complicated. It ... relies on the inherent appeal of the era and these characters to drive the story."[53] Nancy DeWolf Smith of The Wall Street Journal noted the "natural and authentic" setting and costumes, and appreciated that Vikings was (unlike, e.g., Spartacus) not a celebration of sex and violence, but "a study of character, stamina, power and ... of social, emotional and even intellectual awakening".[54] Hank Stuever, writing for the Washington Post, said that the "compelling and robust new drama series ... delivers all the expected gore and blood spatter", but that it successfully adapted the skills of cable television drama, with the care taken in acting, writing and sense of scope reminiscent of Rome, Sons of Anarchy and Game of Thrones. He also suggested that the way the series emphasized "a core pride and nobility in this tribe of thugs" reflected "just another iteration of Tony Soprano".[55] Neil Genzlinger, in The New York Times, praised the "arresting" cinematography and the actors' performances, notably Fimmel's, and favorably contrasted Vikings to Game of Thrones and Spartacus for the absence of gratuitous nudity.[56]

text: In TIME, James Poniewozik noted that the relatively simple generational conflict underlying Vikings "doesn't nearly have the narrative ambition of a Game of Thrones or the political subtleties of a Rome", nor these series' skill with dialogue, but that it held up pretty well compared to the "tabloid history" of The Tudors and The Borgias. He concluded that "Vikings' larger story arc is really more about historical forces" than about its not very complex characters.[57] Clark Collis of Entertainment Weekly appreciated the performances, but considered Vikings to be "kind of a mess", lacking the intrigue of The Tudors and Game of Thrones.[58] Brian Lowry criticized the series in Variety as an "unrelenting cheese-fest" and as a "more simpleminded version of Game of Thrones", but considered that it had "a level of atmosphere and momentum that makes it work as a mild diversion".[59] In the San Francisco Chronicle, David Wiegand was disappointed by the series's "glacial pace" and lack of action as well as the "flabby direction and a gassy script", while appreciating the performances and characters.[60]

text: The second season received a Metacritic rating of 77%, and a Rotten Tomatoes rating of 92% based on twelve professional critic reviews.

text: Ratings[edit]

text: According to Nielsen, the series premiere drew six million viewers in the US, topping all broadcast networks among viewers aged 18 to 49. An earlier claim of over eighteen million viewers was later retracted by the channel with an apology.[61][62]

text: In Canada, the premiere had 1.1 million viewers. The first season averaged 942,000 viewers.[63]

text: Historical accuracy[edit]

text: Some critics have pointed out historical inaccuracies in the series's depiction of Viking society. Lars Walker, in the magazine The American Spectator, criticized its portrayal of early Viking Age government (represented by Earl Haraldson) as autocratic rather than essentially democratic.[64] Joel Robert Thompson criticized depiction of the Scandinavians' supposed ignorance of the existence of Britain and Ireland, and of the death penalty rather than outlawry (skoggangr) as their most serious punishment.[65]

text: Monty Dobson, a historian at Central Michigan University, criticised the depiction of Viking Age clothing, but went on to say that fictional shows like Vikings could still be a useful teaching tool.[66] The Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten reported that the series incorrectly depicted the temple at Uppsala as a stave church in the mountains, whereas the historical temple was situated on flat land and stave churches were a hallmark of later Christian architecture.[67] On the other hand, the temple as depicted does have similarities with reconstructions of the Uppåkra hof.

text: Many characters are based on (or inspired by) real people from history or legend, and the major events portrayed are broadly drawn from history. However, events from over a hundred years have been condensed, so that people who could never have met are shown as of similar age, with the historical events amended for dramatic effect. For example, season one leads up to the attack on Lindisfarne Abbey of 793 (before the real Rollo was born), but in season three the same characters at roughly the same ages participate in the Siege of Paris of 845. By this time, Ecbert was dead, and King Alfred the Great was already king, yet he is still portrayed as a child in season four. Rollo is portrayed having his followers killed, and fighting his fellow Vikings, whereas in history they were granted what became Normandy and continued to co-operate with their Norse kinsmen. Furthermore, most of the principal characters are portrayed as being from Norway, while according to primary sources they would most likely have been Danes.

text: Little is known about Viking religious practice[68] and so its depiction is largely creative. When Katheryn Winnick was asked why she licked the seer's hand she answered: "It wasn't originally in the script and we just wanted to come up with something unique and different".[69] Regarding the historical differences and accuracy issues of the show, showrunner Michael Hirst said: "I especially had to take liberties with Vikings because no one knows for sure what happened in the Dark Ages ... we want people to watch it. A historical account of the Vikings would reach hundreds, occasionally thousands, of people. Here we've got to reach millions."[70]

text: Home media release[edit]

text:
Season(s)
DVD release date
Blu-ray release date

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4
Region A
Region B

1
October 15, 2013[71][72]
February 3, 2014[73]
March 26, 2014[74]
October 15, 2013[75][76]
February 3, 2014[77]

2
October 14, 2014[78]
November 3, 2014[79]
November 5, 2014[80]
October 14, 2014[81]
November 3, 2014[82]

3
October 13, 2015[83]
November 2, 2015[84]
October 21, 2015[85]
October 13, 2015[86]
October 21, 2015[87]

4A
August 23, 2016[88]
October 24, 2016[89]
October 12, 2016[90]
August 23, 2016[91]
October 12, 2016[92]

4B
May 2, 2017[93]
August 7, 2017[94]
March 29, 2017[95]
May 2, 2017[96]
March 29, 2016[97]

4
N/A
August 7, 2017[98]
N/A
N/A
August 7, 2017[99]

5A
April 3, 2018[100]
TBA
TBA
April 3, 2018[101]
TBA

text: Related media[edit]

text: Zenescope partnered with the History Channel to create a free Vikings comic book based on the series. It was first distributed at Comic-Con 2013 and by comiXology in February 2014.[102][103] The comic was written by Michael Hirst, features interior artwork by Dennis Calero (X-Men Noir), and is set before the events of season one. In addition to featuring Ragnar and Rollo battling alongside their father, the comic depicts the brothers' first encounter with Lagertha.[103]


document_title: Pharyngeal arch

question_text: the muscles of facial expression are derived from which of the pharyngeal gill arches

text: Pharyngeal arch

text: Structure[edit]

text: In vertebrates, the pharyngeal arches are derived from all three germ layers (the primary layers of cells that form during embryogenesis).[1]Neural crest cells enter these arches where they contribute to features of the skull and facial skeleton such as bone and cartilage.[1] However, the existence of pharyngeal structures before neural crest cells evolved is indicated by the existence of neural crest-independent mechanisms of pharyngeal arch development.[2] The first, most anterior pharyngeal arch gives rise to the oral jaw.  The second arch becomes the hyoid and jaw support.[1]  In fish, the other posterior arches contribute to the branchial skeleton, which support the gills; in tetrapods the anterior arches develop into components of the ear, tonsils, and thymus.[3] The genetic and developmental basis of pharyngeal arch development is well characterized.  It has been shown that Hox genes and other developmental genes such as DLX are important for patterning the anterior/posterior and dorsal/ventral axes of the branchial arches.[4] Some fish species have a second set of jaws in their throat, known as pharyngeal jaws, which develop using the same genetic pathways involved in oral jaw formation.[5]

text: During human and all vertebrate development, a series of pharyngeal arch pairs form in the developing embryo. These project forward from the back of the embryo toward the front of the face and neck. Each arch develops its own artery, nerve that controls a distinct muscle group, and skeletal tissue. The arches are numbered from 1 to 6, with 1 being the arch closest to the head of the embryo, and arch 5 existing only transiently.[6]

text: These grow and join in the ventral midline. The first arch, as the first to form, separates the mouth pit or stomodeum from the pericardium.  By differential growth the neck elongates and new arches form, so the pharynx has six arches ultimately.

text: Each pharyngeal arch has a cartilaginous stick, a muscle component that differentiates from the cartilaginous tissue, an artery, and a cranial nerve. Each of these is surrounded by mesenchyme. Arches do not develop simultaneously but instead possess a "staggered" development.

text: Pharyngeal pouches form on the endodermal side between the arches, and pharyngeal grooves (or clefts) form from the lateral ectodermal surface of the neck region to separate the arches.[7] In fish the pouches line up with the clefts, and these thin segments become gills. In mammals the endoderm and ectoderm not only remain intact but also continue to be separated by a mesoderm layer.

text: The development of the pharyngeal arches provides a useful landmark with which to establish the precise stage of embryonic development.  Their formation and development corresponds to Carnegie stages 10 to 16 in mammals, and Hamburger-Hamilton stages 14 to 28 in the chicken. Although there are six pharyngeal arches, in humans the fifth arch exists only transiently during embryogenesis.[8]

text: First arch[edit]

text: The first pharyngeal arch also mandibular arch (corresponding to the first branchial arch or gill arch of fish), is the first of six pharyngeal arches that develops during the fourth week of development.[9]  It is located between the stomodeum and the first pharyngeal groove.

text: Processes[edit]

text: This arch divides into a maxillary process and a mandibular process, giving rise to structures including the bones of the lower two-thirds of the face and the jaw.  The maxillary process becomes the maxilla (or upper jaw), and palate while the mandibular process becomes the mandible or lower jaw. This arch also gives rise to the muscles of mastication.

text: Meckel's cartilage[edit]

text: Meckel's cartilage forms in the mesoderm of the mandibular process and eventually regresses to form the incus and malleus of the middle ear, the anterior ligament of the malleus and the sphenomandibular ligament. The mandible or lower jaw forms by perichondral ossification using Meckel's cartilage as a 'template', but the mandible does not arise from direct ossification of Meckel's cartilage.

text: Derivatives[edit]

text: The skeletal elements and muscles are derived from mesoderm of the pharyngeal arches.

text:
malleus and incus of the middle ear
maxilla and mandible
spine of sphenoid bone
sphenomandibular ligament
palatine bone
squamous part of temporal bone
anterior ligament of malleus

text:
muscles of mastication (chewing)
masseter
medial and lateral pterygoid muscles
temporalis
mylohyoid muscle
digastric muscle, anterior belly
tensor veli palatini muscle
tensor tympani muscle

text: Mucous membrane and glands of the anterior two thirds of the tongue are derived from ectoderm and endoderm of the arch.

text: Nerve supply[edit]

text: The mandibular and maxillary branches of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) innervate the structures derived from the corresponding processes of the first arch. In some lower animals, each arch is supplied by two cranial nerves. The nerve of the arch itself runs along the cranial side of the arch and is called post-trematic nerve of the arch. Each arch also receives a branch from the nerve of the succeeding arch called the pre-trematic nerve which runs along the caudal border of the arch. In human embryo, a double innervation is seen only in the first pharyngeal arch. The mandibular nerve is the post-trematic nerve of the first arch and chorda tympani (branch of facial nerve) is the pre-trematic nerve. This double innervation is reflected in the nerve supply of anterior two-thirds of tongue which is derived from the first arch.[10]

text: Blood supply[edit]

text: The artery of the first arch is the first aortic arch,[11] which partially persists as the maxillary artery.

text: Second arch[edit]

text: The second pharyngeal arch or hyoid arch, is the second of six pharyngeal arches that develops in fetal life during the fourth week of development[9] and assists in forming the side and front of the neck.

text: Reichert's cartilage[edit]

text: Cartilage in the second pharyngeal arch is referred to as Reichert's cartilage and contributes to many structures in the fully developed adult.[12] In contrast to the Meckel's cartilage of the first pharyngeal arch it does not constitute a continuous element, and instead is composed of two distinct cartilaginous segments joined by a faint layer of mesenchyme.[13]  Dorsal ends of Reichert's cartilage ossify during development to form the stapes of the middle ear before being incorporated into the middle ear cavity, while the ventral portion ossifies to form the lesser cornu and upper part of the body of the hyoid bone. Caudal to what will eventually become the stapes, Reichert's cartilage also forms the styloid process of the temporal bone. The cartilage between the hyoid bone and styloid process will not remain as development continues, but its perichondrium will eventually form the stylohyoid ligament.

text: Derivatives[edit]

text: From the cartilage of the second arch arises

text:
Stapes,
Temporal styloid process,
Stylohyoid ligament, and
Lesser cornu of the hyoid bone.

text:
Muscles of face
Occipitofrontalis muscle
Platysma
Stylohyoid muscle
Posterior belly of Digastric
Stapedius muscle
Auricular muscles

text: Nerve supply[edit]

text: Facial nerve

text: Blood supply[edit]

text: The artery of the second arch is the second aortic arch,[11] which gives origin to the stapedial artery in some mammals but atrophies in humans.

text: Muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches[edit]

text: Pharyngeal muscles are striated muscles of the head and neck. Unlike skeletal muscles that developmentally come from somites, pharyngeal muscles are developmentally formed from the pharyngeal arches.

text: Most of the skeletal musculature supplied by the cranial nerves (special visceral efferent) is pharyngeal. Exceptions include, but are not limited to, the extraocular muscles and some of the muscles of the tongue. These exceptions receive general somatic efferent innervation.

text: First arch[edit]

text: All of the pharyngeal muscles that come from the first pharyngeal arch are innervated by the mandibular divisions of the trigeminal nerve.[14]  These muscles include all the muscles of mastication, the anterior belly of the digastric, the mylohyoid, tensor tympani, and tensor veli palatini.

text: Second arch[edit]

text: All of the pharyngeal muscles of the second pharyngeal arch are innervated by the facial nerve.  These muscles include the muscles of facial expression, the posterior belly of the digastric, the stylohyoid muscle, the auricular muscle[14] and the stapedius muscle of the middle ear.

text: Third arch[edit]

text: There is only one muscle of third pharyngeal arch, the stylopharyngeus. The stylopharyngeus and other structures from the third pharyngeal arch are all innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve.

text: Fourth & Sixth arches[edit]

text: All the pharyngeal muscles of the fourth and sixth arches are innervated by the superior laryngeal and the recurrent laryngeal branches of the vagus nerve.[14] These muscles include all the muscles of the palate (exception of the tensor veli palatini which is innervated by the trigeminal nerve), all the muscles of the pharynx (except stylopharyngeus which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve ), and all the muscles of the larynx.

text: In humans[edit]

text: Since no human structures result from the fifth arch, the arches in humans are I, II, III, IV, and VI.[8]  More is known about the fate of the first arch than the remaining four.  The first three contribute to structures above the larynx, whereas the last two contribute to the larynx and trachea.

text: The recurrent laryngeal nerves are produced from the nerve of arch 6, and the laryngeal cartilages from arches 4 and 6. The superior laryngeal branch of the vagus nerve arises from arch 4. Its arteries, which project between the nerves of the fourth and sixth arches, become the left-side arch of the aorta and the right subclavian artery. On the right side, the artery of Arch 6 is obliterated while, on the left side, the artery persists as the ductus arteriosus; circulatory changes immediately following birth cause the vessel to close down, leaving a remnant, the ligamentum arteriosum. During growth, these arteries descend into their ultimate positions in the chest, creating the elongated recurrent paths.[6]

text:
Pharyngeal arch
Muscular contributions[15]
Skeletal contributions
Nerve
Artery

1st (also called "mandibular arch")
Muscles of mastication, anterior belly of the digastric, mylohyoid, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini
Premaxilla, maxilla, mandible (only as a model for mandible not actual formation of mandible), zygomatic bone, part of the temporal bone,[16]  the incus, and the malleus of the middle ear, also Meckel's cartilage and the sphenomandibular ligament.
Trigeminal nerve (part of V2[17] and V3)
Maxillary artery, external carotid artery

2nd (also called the "hyoid arch")
Muscles of facial expression, buccinator, platysma, stapedius, stylohyoid, posterior belly of the digastric, auricular[14]
Stapes, temporal styloid process, hyoid bone (lesser horns and upper part of body), stylohyoid ligament,[14] Reichert's cartilage
Facial nerve (VII)
Stapedial artery, hyoid artery

3rd
Stylopharyngeus
Hyoid bone (greater horns and lower part of body), thymus
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
common carotid, internal carotid

4th
Cricothyroid muscle, all intrinsic muscles of soft palate (including levator veli palatini) except tensor veli palatini
Thyroid cartilage, epiglottic cartilage[18]
Vagus nerve (X), superior laryngeal nerve[19]
Right 4th aortic arch: subclavian artery
Left 4th aortic arch: aortic arch

6th
All intrinsic muscles of larynx except the cricothyroid muscle
Cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilages, corniculate cartilage, cuneiform cartilages[18]
Vagus nerve (X), recurrent laryngeal nerve[19]
Right 6th aortic arch: pulmonary artery
Left 6th aortic arch: pulmonary artery and ductus arteriosus


document_title: List of players with 100 NRL tries

question_text: who has the most tries in the nrl

question_tokens: who has the most tries in the nrl

text: List of players with 100 NRL tries

text: There have been 68 players who have scored 100 or more tries in Australian top-level rugby league, i.e. the NRL and its predecessors, the NSWRL, ARL and SL premierships. Players still currently active are listed in bold.

text:
Ranking
Tries
Player
Club/Clubs
Career span

1
212
Ken Irvine
North Sydney, Manly-Warringah
1958-1973

2
188
Billy Slater
Melbourne Storm
2003-2018

3
180
Steve Menzies
Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, Northern Eagles
1993-2008

4
165
Andrew Ettingshausen
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
1983-2000

5
164
Terry Lamb
Western Suburbs Magpies, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
1980-1996

6
163
Brett Stewart
Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
2003-2016

=7
159
Matt Sing
Penrith Panthers, Sydney Roosters, North Queensland Cowboys
1993-2006

=7
159
Hazem El Masri
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
1996-2009

9
154
Nathan Merritt
South Sydney Rabbitohs, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
2002-2014

=10
152
Harold Horder
South Sydney, North Sydney
1912-1924

=10
152
Manu Vatuvei
New Zealand Warriors
2004-2017

=12
147
 Greg Inglis
Melbourne Storm, South Sydney Rabbitohs
2005-

=12
147
Bob Fulton
Manly-Warringah, Eastern Suburbs Roosters
1966-1979

14
146
Frank Burge
Glebe, St. George
1911-1927

15
145
Brett Morris
St. George Illawarra Dragons, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
2006-

16
144
Benny Wearing
South Sydney
1921-1933

17
143
Johnny King
St. George
1960-1971

18
142
Steve Renouf
Brisbane Broncos
1989-1999

19
140
Nigel Vagana
Auckland Warriors, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, South Sydney Rabbitohs
1996-2008

20
139
Anthony Minichiello
Sydney Roosters
2000-2014

21
138
Phil Blake
Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, South Sydney Rabbitohs, North Sydney Bears, Canberra Raiders, St. George Dragons, Auckland Warriors
1982-1997

22
137
Eddie Lumsden
Manly-Warringah, St. George
1955-1966

23
137
Michael Jennings
Penrith Panthers, Sydney Roosters, Parramatta Eels
2007-

=24
130
Shaun Kenny-Dowall
Sydney Roosters, Newcastle Knights
2007-

=24
130
Matt Bowen
North Queensland Cowboys
2001-2013

=25
129
Rhys Wesser
Penrith Panthers, South Sydney Rabbitohs
1998-2011

=25
129
Akuila Uate
Newcastle Knights, Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
2008-

28
128
Sid Goodwin
Balmain, Newtown
1933-1945

=29
127
Reg Gasnier
St. George
1959-1967

=29
127
Wendell Sailor
Brisbane Broncos, St. George Illawarra Dragons
1993-2001, 2008-2009

=31
124
Luke Burt
Parramatta Eels
1999-2012

=31
124
Matt Cooper
St. George Illawarra Dragons
2000-2013

33
123
Josh Morris
St. George Illawarra Dragons, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
2007-

=34
122
Steve Morris
St. George Dragons, Eastern Suburbs Roosters
1979-1990

=34
122
Brett Mullins
Canberra Raiders, Sydney Roosters
1990-2000, 2002

=34
122
Brad Fittler
Penrith Panthers, Sydney Roosters
1989-2004

=34
122
Darren Lockyer
Brisbane Broncos
1995-2011

=34
122
Jamie Lyon
Parramatta Eels,  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
2000-2004, 2007-2016

=39
121
Nathan Blacklock
Sydney City Roosters, St. George Dragons, St. George Illawarra Dragons
1995-2004

=39
121
Timana Tahu
Newcastle Knights, Parramatta Eels, Penrith Panthers
1999-2007, 2010-2014

=41
120
Jarryd Hayne
Parramatta Eels, Gold Coast Titans
2006-2014, 2016-

=41
120
Luke Lewis
Penrith Panthers, Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
2001-2018

=41
120
Michael Hancock
Brisbane Broncos
1988-2000

=41
120
Jason Croker
Canberra Raiders
1991-2006

45
119
Ian Moir
South Sydney, Western Suburbs
1952-1960

=45
119
Bob McCarthy
South Sydney, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
1963-1978

47
117
David Peachey
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, South Sydney Rabbitohs
1994-2007

48
116
Ricky Walford
Eastern Suburbs Roosters, North Sydney Bears, St. George Dragons
1982-1996

=49
115
Ray Preston
Newtown, Parramatta
1949-1959

=49
115
Darren Smith
Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs, Brisbane Broncos
1990-2002, 2004-2005

51
114
Jarrod Croker
Canberra Raiders
2009-

52
113
Matt Geyer
Western Reds, Melbourne Storm
1997-2008

53
112
Tom Mooney
South Sydney, Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
1972-1981

54
111
Greg Alexander
Penrith Panthers, Auckland Warriors
1984-1999

=55
110
Jack Lindwall
St. George
1938-1949

=55
110
Brett Kenny
Parramatta Eels
1980-1993

=55
110
Jason Nightingale
St. George Illawarra Dragons
2007-2018

=58
109
Ryan Girdler
Illawarra Steelers, Penrith Panthers
1991-2004

=58
109
Colin Best
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, St. George Illawarra Dragons, Canberra Raiders, South Sydney Rabbitohs
1998-2012

60
107
Mat Rogers
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Gold Coast Titans
1995-2001, 2007-2011

=61
106
John Ferguson
Newtown Jets, Eastern Suburbs Roosters, Canberra Raiders
1980-1990

=61
106
Amos Roberts
St. George Illawarra Dragons, Penrith Panthers, Sydney Roosters
2000-2008

63
104
Bill Mullins
Eastern Suburbs Roosters
1968-1978

64
103
David Simmons
Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks, Penrith Panthers
2003-2015

65
102
Ashley Graham
Parramatta Eels, North Queensland Cowboys
2002-2013

=66
100
Tim Brasher
Balmain Tigers, South Sydney Rabbitohs, North Queensland Cowboys
1989-2002

=66
100
Allan Langer
Brisbane Broncos
1988-1999, 2002

=66
100
Luke Patten
Illawarra Steelers, St. George Illawarra Dragons, Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
1998-2010

99

Blake Ferguson

Sydney Roosters

2009-

Source:  Rugby League Tables / Try Scorers. Last updated: 06 August 2018, as of the conclusion of Round 21, 2018