document_title: List of best-selling music artists

question_text: who is the highest selling rap artist of all time

root

text: List of best-selling music artists

text: Definitions

text: All artists included on this list, which have begun charting on official albums or singles charts have their available claimed figures supported by at least 20% in certified units. That is why Cliff Richard, Diana Ross, Scorpions, Charles Aznavour, Bing Crosby, Gloria Estefan, Deep Purple, Iron Maiden, Tom Jones, The Jackson 5, Dionne Warwick, the Spice Girls, Luciano Pavarotti, Dolly Parton, Ozzy Osbourne, Andrea Bocelli and others have not been included on this list. The more recent the artist, the higher the required percentage of certified units, so artists such as Rihanna, Taylor Swift, Flo Rida, Katy Perry, Justin Bieber, Adele, Lady Gaga, Bruno Mars and Nicki Minaj are expected to have their claimed figures supported by over 75% in certified units. The certified units are sourced from available online databases of local music industry associations. All certified units are converted from Gold/Platinum/Diamond certification awards based on criteria provided by certifying bodies. The certified sales percentage varies according to the first year that an artist appeared in the charts.[a]

tag: p

text: The requirements of certified sales are designed to avoid inflated sales figures, which are frequently practiced by record companies for promotional purposes.[1][2] The claimed figures are referenced from online articles created by highly reliable sources. For clarity, the sources used, say the term "records" (singles, albums, videos) and not "albums". However, if all available sources for an artist or band say "albums", such sources are only used if the certified album units of the said artist meet the required percentage amount. This list uses claimed figures that are closest to artists' available certified units: inflated claimed figures that meet the required certified units amount but are unrealistically high, are not used.

text: The claimed figures are upgraded only when there is a significant progress in artists' certified sales. In other words, the available certified sales for each artist should get relatively closer to already listed claimed figure in order for higher figures to replace the listed ones.

text: The certified sales of the newer artists may sometimes be higher than their listed claimed figures. This is because Recording Industry Association of America and almost all other certifying bodies count streaming towards Gold and Platinum thresholds required for Digital Single Award certification.[3][4][5] For this reason, some singles and even albums get over certified by hundreds of thousands of units. The over certified figures, however, are often in millions of units for RIAA certifications, one such example is Rihanna's single "We Found Love", which is certified at nine times Platinum by the RIAA, yet during the time of the certification, it had sold 5.4 million downloads.[6][7]

text: The certified sales for some artists/bands who have multi-disc albums can be higher than their listed claimed figures due to Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) counting each unit within set as one unit toward certification.

text: Artists by reputed sales

text: 250 million or more records

text:
The Beatles

Elvis Presley

Michael Jackson

Madonna

Elton John

Led Zeppelin

Pink Floyd

tag: ul

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value: each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Beatles
United Kingdom
1960–1970[10]
1962[10]
Rock / Pop[10]
7002270800000000000♠

Total available certified units: 270.8 million [show]

US: 212.250 million[11]
JPN: 4.950 million[b][12]
UK: 17.845 million[b][13]
GER: 8 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.890 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 14.455 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.060 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 330,000[b][20]
BRA: 550,000[b][21]
SWE 485,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.250 million[b][23][24]
SWI: 350,000[b][25]
BEL: 265,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.606 million[b][28][29]
DEN: 260,000[b][30][31]
AUT: 500,000[b][32]
POL: 175,000[b][33]
NZ: 660,000[b][34][35]

600 million[36][37]
500 million[38]

Elvis Presley
United States
1954–1977[39]
1954[39]
Rock and roll / Pop / Country[39]
7002211700000000000♠

Total available certified units: 211.7 million [show]

US: 188.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 12.445 million[b][13]
GER: 1.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.590 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.925 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.587 million[b][18]
ITA: 105,000[b][20]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE 380,000[b][22]
SPA: 300,000[b][23][40][41]
MEX: 105,000[b][42][43]
SWI: 185,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 110,000[b][28]
DEN: 120,000[b][44][45][46]
AUT: 205,000[b][32]
FIN: 213,945[b][47]
NZ: 117,500[b][34][35]

600 million[48][49]
500 million[50]

Michael Jackson
United States
1964–2009[51]
1971[51]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Soul / R&B[51]
7002184200000000000♠

Total available certified units: 184.2 million [show]

US: 104.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.650 million[b][12][52]
UK: 27.195 million[13]
GER: 11.275 million[14]
FRA: 11.375 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.670 million[17]
AUS: 6.6 million[b][18][19][54][55][56]
ITA: 1.170 million[b][20]
BRA: 280,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.230 million[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.995 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 3.670 million[b][42]
SWI: 910,000[b][25]
BEL: 365,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 124,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 1.179 million[b][59][60][61]
AUT: 1.197 million[b][32]
POL: 530,000[b][33]
FIN: 384,127[47]
NZ: 902,500[34][35]

350 million[62][63]
300 million[64][65]

Madonna
United States
1979–present[66]
1982[66]
Pop / Dance / Electronica[66]
7002170600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 170.6 million [show]

US: 85.675 million[11]
JPN: 6.450 million [b][12][52]
UK: 28.845 million[13]
GER: 12.4 million[14]
FRA: 12.795 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 6.030 million[17]
AUS: 4.717 million[b][18][67][68]
ITA: 465,000[b][20]
BRA: 3.440 million[b][21]
SWE: 1.070 million[b][22][57]
SPA: 2.815 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 510,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.080 million[b][25]
BEL: 690,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.098[28][29]
DEN: 407,000[b][59][60][69][70][71][72]
AUT: 602,500[b][32]
POL: 530,000[b][33]
FIN: 652,686[47]
NZ: 417,500[34][35]

300 million[73][74]
275 million[75]

Elton John
United Kingdom
1964–present[76]
1969[76]
Pop / Rock[76]
7002169000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 169 million [show]

US: 117.850 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million [b][12]
UK: 22.295 million[b][13]
GER: 7.9 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.825 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 5.975 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.837 million[b][18]
BRA: 835,000[b][21]
SWE: 740,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.2 million[b][23][24][41][58]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.313 million[b][25]
BEL: 390,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 128,000[28][29]
DEN: 150,000[b][45][60][77]
AUT: 765,000[b][32]
POL: 150,000[b][33]
FIN: 163,481[47]
NZ: 255,000[b][34][35]

300 million[78][79]
250 million[80][81]

Led Zeppelin
United Kingdom
1968–1980[82]
1969[82]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Folk rock[82]
7002139500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 139.5 million [show]

US: 114.1 million[11]
JPN: 400,000 [b][12]
UK: 9.130 million[b][13]
GER: 3.775 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.310 million[b][15][16][83]
CAN: 4.710 million[17]
AUS: 2.8 million[b][18][84][85]
ITA: 345,000[b][20]
BRA: 820,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][41][58]
SWI: 211,000[b][25]
ARG: 360,000[b][28]
POL: 120,000[b][33]

300 million[86][87]
200 million[88][89]

Pink Floyd
United Kingdom
1965–1996, 2014[90][91]
1967[90]
Progressive rock / Psychedelic rock[90]
7002118900000000000♠

Total available certified units: 118.9 million [show]

US: 78 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][92]
UK: 11.320 million[b][13]
GER: 7.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 6.360 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 6.790 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.932 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 1.685 million[b][20]
BRA: 515,000[b][21]
SWE: 220,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 625,000[b][23][24][40][58]
SWI: 390,000[b][25]
BEL: 115,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 582,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 460,000[b][32]
POL: 590,000[b][33]
NZ: 787,500[b][34][35]

250 million[93][94]
200 million[95][96]

tag: table

text: The column for certified sales above includes markets, the databases of which contain certifications representing figures of 100,000 and more.

text: 200 million to 249 million records

text:
Rihanna

Mariah Carey

Celine Dion

AC/DC

Whitney Houston

Queen

The Rolling Stones

text:
To ensure the highest level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Rihanna
Barbados
United States
2005–present[97]
2005[97]
R&B / Pop / Dance / Hip-hop[97]
7002227000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 227 million [show]

US: 168.05 million[11]
JPN: 1.4 million[12][52]
UK: 29.3 million[13]
GER: 4.475 million[14]
FRA: 1.425 million[16]
CAN: 2.840 million[17]
AUS: 9.150 million[18]
ITA: 1.425 million[b][20]
BRA: 555,000[21]
SWE: 2.480 million[22][57]
SPA: 1.450 million[23]
MEX: 380,000[42][98]
SWI: 840,000[25]
BEL: 660,000[27]
DEN: 1.117[59][60][61][69][77][99][100][101]
AUT: 120,000[32]
POL: 500,000[33]
IRE: 240,000[102]
NZ: 667,500[34][35]

230 million[103][104]

Mariah Carey
United States
1988–present[105]
1990[105]
R&B / Pop / Soul / Hip-hop[105]
7002136190000099999♠

Total available certified units: 136.2 million [show]

US: 92.6 million[11]
JPN: 14.5 million [b][12][52][106]
UK: 9.820 million[13]
GER: 3.250 million[14]
FRA: 4.690 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.1 million[17]
AUS: 3.445 million[b][18][107]
ITA: 200,000[b][20]
BRA: 835,000[21]
SWE: 425,000[22]
SPA: 1 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 515,000[25]
BEL: 150,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 130,000[61][108]
AUT: 200,000[32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 240,000[b][34]

200 million[109][110]
175 million[111][112]

Celine Dion
Canada
1981–present[113]
1981[113]
Pop[113]
7002125000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 125 million [show]

US: 56.550 million[11]
JPN: 7.150 million[b][12][114][115]
UK: 13.555 million[13]
GER: 8 million[14]
FRA: 15.685 million[15][16][53][83]
CAN: 12.245 million[17]
AUS: 3.302 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 505,000[b][21]
SWE: 1.105 million[b][22]
SPA: 1 million[41][58]
SWI: 1.685 million[b][25]
BEL: 1.885 million[b][26][27]
ARG: 340,000[28]
DEN: 370,000[b][45][116][117][118]
AUT: 440,000[b][32]
POL: 680,000[b][33]
FIN: 356,183[47]
NZ: 192,500[34][35]

200 million[119][120]
175 million[121][122]

AC/DC
Australia
1973–present[123]
1975[123]
Hard rock / Blues rock / Rock and roll[123]
7002113200000000000♠

Total available certified units: 113.2 million [show]

US: 79.7 million[11]
UK: 4.2 million[13]
GER: 10.3 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.180 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.490 million[b][17]
AUS: 7.330 million[b][18]
ITA: 750,000[b][20]
SWE: 350,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.355 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 894,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
ARG: 594,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 135,000[60][61][124]
AUT: 380,000[b][32]
FIN: 321,169[47]
NZ: 140,000[b][34][35]

200 million[125][126]
150 million[127][128]

Whitney Houston
United States
1977–2012[129]
1984[129]
R&B / Soul / Pop[129]
7002112600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 112.6 million [show]

US: 75.275 million[11]
JPN: 4.3 million[b][12][130]
UK: 14.605 million[13]
GER: 5.6 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.275 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.580 million[b][18][19][131]
ITA: 140,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.025[b][21]
SWE: 1.035 million[b][22]
SPA: 1.260 million[23][24][40][41]
SWI: 845,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 140,000[60][61]
AUT: 535,000[b][32]
POL: 180,000[b][33]
FIN: 247,222[47]

200 million[132][133]
170 million[134][135]

Queen
United Kingdom
1971–present[136]
1973[136]
Rock[136]
7002114700000000000♠

Total available certified units: 114.7 million [show]

US: 55.1 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[b][12][52][137]
UK: 28.615 million[b][13]
GER: 11.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 4.495 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.870 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.167 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 505,000[b][20]
BRA: 970,000[b][21]
SWE: 190,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.720 million[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 1.256 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.080 million[b][28][29]
AUT: 900,000[b][32]
POL: 810,000[b][33]
FIN: 366,152[47]
NZ: 275,000[b][34][35]

200 million[138][139]
150 million[140]

The Rolling Stones
United Kingdom
1962–present[141]
1963[141]
Rock / Blues rock [141]
7001972000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.2 million [show]

US: 74.750 million[11]
JPN: 950,000[b][12]
UK: 8.510 million[b][13]
GER: 3.2 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.370 million[b][15][16][53]
AUS: 417,500[b][18]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 690,000[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 238,000[b][25]
BEL: 120,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 718,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 300,000[b][32]
POL: 140,000[b][33]
NZ: 190,000[b][34][35]

200 million[142][143]

ABBA
Sweden
1972–1982[144]
1972[144]
Pop / Disco[144]
7001607000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.7 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
JPN: 1.5 million[b][52][145][146]
UK: 18.970 million[b][13]
GER: 10.450 million[b][14]
FRA: 2.750 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.785 million[b][17]
AUS: 6.127 million[b][18][147]
BRA: 275,000[b][21][57]
SWE: 800,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.005 million[b][23][40]
MEX: 260,000[b][42]
SWI: 600,000[b][25]
BEL: 380,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 238,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 600,000[b][148][149][150]
AUT: 175,000[b][32]
POL: 150,000[b][33]
FIN: 656,319[47]
NZ: 297,500[b][35][151][152]

200 million[153][154]
100 million[155][156]

text: 120 million to 199 million records

text:
Taylor Swift

Garth Brooks

Eminem

Eagles

Bruno Mars

U2

Kanye West

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Taylor Swift
United States
2006–present[157]
2006[157]
Country / Country pop / Pop / Pop-rock[157]
7002158800000000000♠

Total available certified units: 158.8 million [show]

US: 135.5 million[11]
JPN: 2.850 million[12][52]
UK: 8.2 million[13]
GER: 750,000[14]
FRA: 150,000[16]
CAN: 4.540 million[17]
AUS: 5.425 million[18]
ITA: 235,000[b][20]
BRA: 170,000[21]
SWE: 180,000[57]
MEX: 450,000[42][43][98]
NZ: 367,500[34][35]

170 million[158]

Garth Brooks
United States
1989–present[159]
1989[159]
Country[159]
7002146000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 156 million [show]

US: 149.4 million[11]
UK: 520,000[13]
CAN: 5.730 million[17]
AUS: 280,000[b][18]
IRE: 120,000[b][102]

160 million[160]

Eminem
United States
1996–present[161]
1999[161]
Hip-hop[161]
7002132000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 132 million [show]

US: 86.1 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million [12][52]
UK: 21.425 million[13]
GER: 3.450 million[14]
FRA: 3.170 million[16][83]
CAN: 3.770 million[17]
AUS: 5.702 million[18]
ITA: 490,000[b][20]
BRA: 200,000[21]
SWE: 810,000[22][57]
SPA: 290,000[23][58]
MEX: 365,000[42]
SWI: 805,000[25]
BEL: 475,000[26][27]
DEN: 556,000[b][59][162]
AUT: 325,000[32]
POL: 250,000[33]
FIN: 124,547[47]
IRE: 285,000[b][102]
NZ: 562,500[34][35]

155 million[163]

Eagles
United States
1971–1980, 1994–present[164]
1972[164]
Rock[164]
7002129190000099999♠

Total available certified units: 129.2 million [show]

US: 108.9 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 7.635 million[b][13]
GER: 925,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.040 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 4.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.395 million[b][18][165]
SWE: 140,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][23][24]
SWI: 290,000[b][25]
DEN: 185,000[b][60]
FIN: 124,749[47]
NZ: 352,500[b][34][35]

150 million[166]

U2
Ireland
1976–present[167]
1980[167]
Rock[167]
7002106700000000000♠

Total available certified units: 106.7 million [show]

US: 53.1 million[11]
JPN: 1.450 million[b][12]
UK: 18.620 million[13]
GER: 5.125 million[14]
FRA: 5.025 million[15][16]
CAN: 7.115 million[17]
AUS: 4.412 million[b][18][19][168]
ITA: 780,000[b][20]
BRA: 2.675 million[b][21]
SWE: 515,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.275 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 835,000[b][42]
SWI: 696,000[b][25]
BEL: 725,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 806,000[28][29]
DEN: 473,000[b][59][60][61][77][169]
AUT: 515,000[b][32]
POL: 360,000[b][33]
FIN: 235,460[47]
IRE: 316,000[b][102]
NZ: 765,000[34][35]

150 million[170]

Billy Joel
United States
1964–present[171]
1971[171]
Pop / Rock[171]
7002102600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 102.6 million [show]

US: 87.950 million[11]
JPN: 2 million[b][12][172]
UK: 5.655 million[b][13]
GER: 1.250 million[b][14]
FRA: 925,000[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 3.275 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.267[b][18][19]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 162,500[b][34]

150 million[173]

Phil Collins
United Kingdom
1980–2011, 2015–present[174]
1981[174]
Rock / Progressive rock / Adult contemporary[174]
7001878000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 87.8 million [show]

US: 39.850 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][12]
UK: 15.250 million[13]
GER: 13.8 million[14]
FRA: 6.410 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.375 million[17]
AUS: 1.522[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.370 million[b][21]
SWE: 245,000[b][22]
SPA: 2.150 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 973,000[b][25]
BEL: 305,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.044 million[28][29]
AUT: 440,000[b][32]
FIN: 182,581[47]
NZ: 122,500[34][35]

150 million[175]

Aerosmith
United States
1970–present[176]
1973[176]
Hard rock[176]
7001847000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 84.7 million [show]

US: 70.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.7 million[b][12][52]
UK: 3.230 million[13]
GER: 2 million[b][14]
FRA: 225,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.950 million[b][17]
AUS: 225,000[b][18][177]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 600,000[b][21]
SWE: 260,000[b][22]
SPA: 200,000[b][23][41]
MEX: 230,000[b][42]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]
ARG: 338,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
FIN: 101,722[47]

150 million[178]

Frank Sinatra
United States
1935–1995[179]
1939[179]
Pop / Swing[179]
7001373009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 37.3 million [show]

US: 28.2 million[b][11]
UK: 5.445 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 600,000[b][15]
CAN: 650,000[b][17]
AUS: 245,000[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 130,000[b][22]
SPA: 500,000[b][24][41][58]
ARG: 188,000[b][28][29]

150 million[180]

Barbra Streisand
United States
1960–present[181]
1963[181]
Pop / Adult contemporary[181]
7001974000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 97.4 million [show]

US: 82.450 million[11]
UK: 5.765 million[b][13]
GER: 750,000[b][14]
FRA: 3.150 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.650 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.047 million[b][18]
SWE: 120,000[22][57]
SPA: 150,000[b][58]
FIN: 186,501[b][47]
NZ: 137,500[b][34]

145 million[182]

Bruno Mars
United States
2004–present[183]
2010[183]
Pop rock / R&B[183]
7002120600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 120.6 million [show]

US: 86.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.1 million[12][52]
UK: 13.3 million[13]
GER: 3.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.850 million[16]
CAN: 5.240 million[17]
AUS: 4.690 million[18]
ITA: 685,000[b][20]
SWE: 440,000[22][57]
SPA: 470,000[23]
MEX: 780,000[42][43]
SWI: 405,000[25]
BEL: 345,000[27]
DEN: 365,000[b][61][184]
AUT: 180,000[32]
NZ: 532,500[34]
PHL: 330,000[185]

130 million[186]

Kanye West
United States
1996–present[187]
2004[187]
Hip-hop / Electronic / Pop rock[187]
7002102600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 102.6 million [show]

US: 87.750 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[188]
UK: 10.480 million[13]
GER: 300,000[14]
CAN: 1.180 million[17]
AUS: 2.135 million[18]
ITA: 135,000[b][20]
SWE: 160,000[57]
DEN: 404,000[60][61][69][189]

121 million[190]

Bruce Springsteen
United States
1972–present[191]
1973[191]
Rock[191]
7002101500000000000♠

Total available certified units: 101.5 million [show]

US: 76.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 7.145 million[13]
GER: 4.325 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.887 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.2 million[b][17]
AUS: 3.362 million[b][18]
ITA: 575,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 810,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.730 million[b][23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]
DEN: 155,000[b][59][61][69][192]
AUT: 290,000[b][32]
FIN: 449,800[47]
IRE: 189,500[b][102]
NZ: 375,000[34][35]

120 million[193]

Bee Gees
United Kingdom
Australia[194][195]
1963–2003
2009–2012[196]
1963[196]
Pop / Disco[196]
7001673000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 67.3 million [show]

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][197][198]
UK: 9.065 million[b][13]
GER: 6.675 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.4 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 3.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.187 million[b][18]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][58]
SWI: 415,000[b][25]
ARG: 188,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 380,000[b][34][35]

120 million[199]

text: 100 million to 119 million records

text:
Justin Bieber

Katy Perry

Adele

Lady Gaga

Metallica

Jay Z

Bon Jovi

text:
To ensure the high level of fact checking and editorial control, this list sources sales figures to news organizations and highly regarded music industry related organizations such as MTV, VH1, Billboard and Rolling Stone.
The figures of total certified units within the table below are based on certified units of albums, singles (including digital downloads) and videos.
Markets' order within the table is based on Retail Value each market generates respectively, the largest market at the top and the smallest at the bottom.[8][9]

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Lady Gaga
United States
2005–present[200]
2008[200]
Pop / Dance / Electronic[200]
7001992000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 99.2 million [show]

US: 68.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][52]
UK: 10.985 million[13]
GER: 2.9 million[14]
FRA: 1.58 million[16]
CAN: 2.4 million[17]
AUS: 2.890 million[18]
ITA: 815,000[b][20]
BRA: 470,000[21]
SWE: 680,000[22][57]
SPA: 410,000[23]
MEX: 390,000[42][98]
SWI: 445,000[25]
BEL: 270,000[27]
DEN: 340,000[60][61][101]
AUT: 182,500[32]
POL: 130,000[33]
IRE: 165,000[102]
NZ: 277,500[34][35]

114 million[201]

Metallica
United States
1981–present[202]
1983[202]
Heavy metal / Thrash metal[202]
7001943000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 94.3 million [show]

US: 73.3 million[11]
JPN: 900,000[b][12]
UK: 3.335 million[13]
GER: 3.525 million[14]
FRA: 940,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.805 million[17]
AUS: 2.637 million[b][18][19][203]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[b][21]
SWE: 675,000[b][22]
SPA: 420,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 430,000[b][42][98]
SWI: 560,000[b][25]
BEL: 335,000[b][26][27]
DEN: 180,000[61][60]
ARG: 874,000[28][29]
AUT: 340,000[b][32]
POL: 735,000[b][33]
FIN: 530,676[47]
NZ: 315,000[34][35]

110 million[204]

Justin Bieber
Canada
United States
2008–present[205]
2009[205]
Pop / Teen pop, Dance pop[205]
7002128690000099999♠

Total available certified units: 128.7 million [show]

US: 86.5 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][52]
UK: 16.285 million[13]
GER: 3.1 million[14]
FRA: 1.2[16]
CAN: 4.820 million[17]
AUS: 4.375 million[18]
ITA: 1.795 million[20]
BRA: 810,000[21]
SWE: 1.820 million[22][57]
SPA: 880,000[23]
MEX: 2.910 million[42][43][98]
BEL: 450,000[27]
DEN: 1.985 million[61]
POL: 370,000[33]
AUT: 110,000[32]
NZ: 615,000[34]

100 million[206]

Katy Perry
United States
2001–present[207]
2008[207]
Pop[207]
7002128300000000000♠

Total available certified units: 128.3 million [show]

US: 97.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[12][52]
UK: 11.950 million[13]
GER: 2.750 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[16]
CAN: 5.8 million[17]
AUS: 5.090 million[18]
ITA: 780,000[b][20]
BRA: 625,000[21]
SWE: 520,000[22][57]
SPA: 180,000[23]
MEX: 900,000[42][98]
SWI: 160,000[25]
BEL: 135,000[27]
DEN: 235,000[59][61]
AUT: 247,500[32]
NZ: 360,000[34][35]

100 million[208]

Adele
United Kingdom
2006–present[209]
2008[209]
Pop, soul[209]
7002104600000000000♠

Total available certified units: 104.6 million [show]

US: 61 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[12]
UK: 20.550 million[13]
GER: 4.7 million[14]
CAN: 6.040 million[17]
AUS: 3.955 million[18]
ITA: 1.545 million[b][20]
BRA: 1.310 million[21]
SWE: 240,000[22][57]
SPA: 800,000[23]
MEX: 1.490 million[42][43]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 795,000[27]
DEN: 597,500[59][61]
POL: 300,000[b][33]
FIN: 151,639[47]
NZ: 577,500[34]

100 million[210]

Jay Z
United States
1996–present[211]
1996[211]
Hip-hop[211]
7001966000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 96.6 million [show]

US: 81.2 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[52]
UK: 9.320 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[16]
CAN: 1.6 million[17]
AUS: 1.260[18]
ITA: 180,000[b][20]
SWE: 130,000[22][57]

100 million[212]

Bon Jovi
United States
1983–present[213]
1983[213]
Hard rock / Glam metal[213]
7001838000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 83.8 million [show]

US: 49.9 million[11]
JPN: 4.400 million[b][12][52]
UK: 9.290 million[13]
GER: 5.650 million[14]
FRA: 825,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 4.735 million[17]
AUS: 3.030 million[b][18][214][215]
ITA: 110,000[b][20]
BRA: 435,000[b][21]
SWE: 365,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 1.620 million[23][24][40][41][58]
MEX: 250,000[b][42]
SWI: 1.275 million[b][25]
AUT: 725,000[b][32]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 358,000[28][29]
POL: 110,000[b][33]
FIN: 422,500[47]
NZ: 210,000[34][35]

100 million[216]

Lil Wayne
United States
1996–present[217]
1999[217]
Hip-hop[217]
7001799000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 79.9 million [show]

US: 77.7 million[11]
UK: 1.460 million[13]
CAN: 280,000[17]
AUS: 525,000[18]

100 million[218]

Linkin Park
United States
1996–present[219]
2000[219]
Alternative rock / Nu metal / Rap rock[219]
7001790000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 79 million [show]

US: 58.6 million[11]
JPN: 1.550 million[12][52]
UK: 6.005 million[13]
GER: 5.850 million[14]
FRA: 1.025[16]
CAN: 1.330 million[17]
AUS: 1.485 million[18]
ITA: 440,000[b][20]
BRA: 595,000[21]
SWE: 165,000[22][57]
SPA: 175,000[23]
MEX: 225,000[42]
SWI: 425,000[25]
BEL: 140,000[27]
DEN: 175,000[59][61]
AUT: 252,500[32]
POL: 220,000[33]
FIN: 120,469[47]
NZ: 252,500[34][35]

100 million[220]

Beyoncé
United States
1997–present[221]
2002[221][222]
R&B / Pop[221]
7001786009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 78.6 million [show]

US: 54.150 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million [12][52]
UK: 13.685 million[13]
GER: 1.550 million[14]
FRA: 560,000[16][83]
CAN: 1.395 million[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 260,000[b][20]
BRA: 390,000[21]
SPA: 1.010 million[b][23][223]
MEX: 110,000[42]
SWI: 165,000[25]
BEL: 115,000[27]
DEN: 312,500[60][61][69][101][224][225]
POL: 100,000[33]
NZ: 210,000[34][35]

100 million[226]

Britney Spears
United States
1998–present[227]
1998[227]
Pop / Dance / Dance-pop[227]
7001785000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 78.5 million [show]

US: 44.2 million[11]
JPN: 2.1 million[12][130]
UK: 10.150 million[13]
GER: 5.050 million[14]
FRA: 3.732 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 3.680 million[17]
AUS: 3.130 million[18]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 380,000[21]
SWE: 1.010 million[22][57]
SPA: 990,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 1.175 million[b][42]
SWI: 485,000[25]
AUT: 365,000[32]
BEL: 935,000[26][27]
ARG: 248,000[28][29]
DEN: 187,500[b][59][60][228][229]
POL: 210,000[33]
FIN: 143,627[47]
NZ: 240,000[34][35]

100 million[230]

Rod Stewart
United Kingdom
1964–present[231]
1969[231]
Rock / Pop[231]
7001778000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 77.8 million [show]

US: 43.650 million[11]
JPN: 450,000[b][12]
UK: 18.330 million[b][13]
GER: 3.8 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.8 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 4.055 million[b][17]
AUS: 2.610 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 980,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 290,000[b][23][24][40]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
ARG: 524,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]
POL: 220,000[b][33]
IRE: 195,000[b][102]
NZ: 280,000[b][34][35]

100 million[232]

Fleetwood Mac
United Kingdom
United States
1967–present[233]
1968[233]
Rock / Pop[233]
7001761009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 76.1 million [show]

US: 51.250 million[11]
UK: 13.585 million[b][13]
GER: 3.5 million[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
AUS: 2.767 million[b][18][19]
CAN: 2.950 million[b][17]
SPA: 300,000[b][41][58]
SWI: 100,000[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][27]
NZ: 572,500[b][35][234][235]

100 million[236]

Guns N' Roses
United States
1985–present[237]
1987[237]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[237]
7001738000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 73.8 million [show]

US: 48.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.7 million[b][12]
UK: 5.850 million[13]
GER: 4.1 million[14]
FRA: 1 million[16]
CAN: 3.520 million[17]
AUS: 2.410[b][18][19][165]
ITA: 685,000[b][20]
BRA: 1.9 million[b][21]
SWE: 485,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][40]
MEX: 760,000[b][42]
SWI: 365,000[b][25]
BEL: 165,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 1.248 million[b][28][29]
AUT: 365,000[32]
IRE: 105,000[b][102]
NZ: 270,000[34][35]

100 million[238]

George Strait
United States
1981–present[239]
1984[239]
Country[239]
7001728000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72.8 million [show]

US: 72.150 million[11]
CAN: 705,000[17]

100 million[240]

Backstreet Boys
United States
1993–present[241]
1995[241]
Pop[241]
7001720000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 72 million [show]

US: 41.5 million[11]
JPN: 5.4 million[12][52][242]
UK: 4.875 million[13]
GER: 7 million[14]
FRA: 325,000[15][16]
CAN: 3.430 million[17]
AUS: 1.4 million[b][18]
BRA: 1.625 million[21]
SWE: 655,000[22]
SPA: 1.850 million[41][58]
MEX: 1.475 million[b][42]
SWI: 415,000[25]
BEL: 425,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 740,000[28]
AUT: 325,000[32]
POL: 300,000[33]
FIN: 171,390[47]
NZ: 132,500[34]

100 million[243]

Neil Diamond
United States
1966–present[244]
1966[244]
Pop / Rock[244]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 55.9 million[11]
UK: 7.130 million[b][13]
GER: 1 million[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.725 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.945 million[b][18]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]
NZ: 127,500[b][34][35]

100 million[245]

Prince
United States
1976–2016[246]
1978[246]
Funk / R&B / Pop / Soul / Rock[246]
7001642000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.2 million [show]

US: 48.950 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 7.045 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 2.110 million[15][16]
CAN: 1 million[17]
AUS: 1.120[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[22]
SPA: 700,000[b][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 250,000[b][25]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 177,500[b][34]

100 million[247]

Kenny Rogers
United States
1958–present[248]
1975[248]
Country / Pop[248]
7001601000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.4 million [show]

US: 54.050 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][249]
UK: 2.520 million[13]
CAN: 4.6 million[17]
AUS: 100,000[b][250][251]
SPA: 100,000[b][40]

100 million[252]

Paul McCartney
United Kingdom
1960–present[253]
1970[253]
Rock[253]
7001606000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 60.6 million [show]

US: 41.450 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12]
UK: 12.365 million[b][13]
GER: 1.525 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.305 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.955 million[b][17]
AUS: 465,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 210,000[b][57][254]
SPA: 640,000[b][24][40]
DEN: 210,000[b][60][255]

100 million[256]

Janet Jackson
United States
1982–present[257]
1982[257]
R&B / Pop[257]
7001521000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 52.1 million [show]

US: 39.750 million[11]
JPN: 1.6 million [b][12]
UK: 4.760 million[13]
GER: 1.4 million[14]
FRA: 1.475 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.460 million[17]
AUS: 1.155[b][18][19]
SWE: 105,000[b][22]
SPA: 150,000[41][58]
SWI: 170,000[b][25]
BEL: 125,000[b][26]

100 million[258]

Julio Iglesias
Spain
1968–present[259]
1968[259]
Latin[259]
7001510000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51 million [show]

US: 11 million[11]
JPN: 800,000[b][260]
UK: 1.620 million[b][13][260]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 6.1 million[15][16][53][260]
CAN: 1.5 million[17]
AUS: 540,000[b][18][260]
ITA: 400,000[b][20][260]
NLD:950,000[b][260]
BRA: 12.475 million[b][21][260]
SWE: 290,000[b][22][260]
SPA: 8.7 million[b][23][24][40][41][58][260]
MEX: 2.975 million[b][42][260]
BEL: 125,000[b][260]
ARG: 3.220 million[b][28][260]
FIN: 131,636[b][47]

100 million[261]

Chicago
United States
1967–present[262]
1969[262]
Rock / Pop[262]
7001483000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48.3 million [show]

US: 44.150 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12][263]
UK: 1.490 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 1.865 million[17]
SPA: 100,000[b][24]

100 million[264]

The Carpenters
United States
1969–1983[265]
1969[265]
Pop[265]
7001460000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46 million [show]

US: 34.6 million[11]
JPN: 2.9 million[b][12][115][266]
UK: 7.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 275,000[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]

100 million[267]

Bob Dylan
United States
1959–present[268]
1963[268]
Folk / Rock[268]
7001451000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.1 million [show]

US: 35.6 million[11]
UK: 5.825 million[b][13]
GER: 625,000[b][14]
FRA: 800,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.5 million[b][17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18]
SWI: 175,000[b][25]
NZ: 105,000[b][34]

100 million[269]

Dire Straits
United Kingdom
1977–1995[270]
1978[270]
Rock [270]
7001447000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.7 million [show]

US: 15.5 million[11]
UK: 11.1 million[13]
GER: 3.750 million[14]
FRA: 5.3 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.575 million[17]
AUS: 2.190 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 385,000[b][20]
BRA: 175,000[b][21]
SWE: 360,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.380 million[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 1 million[b][25]
BEL: 100,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 300,000[b][32]
FIN: 471,530[47]
NZ: 155,000[b][35]

100 million[271]

Bryan Adams
Canada
1979–present[272]
1979[272]
Rock[272]
7001445000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 44.5 million [show]

US: 21 million[11]
JPN: 600,000[b][12]
UK: 8.675 million[13]
GER: 3.850 million[14]
FRA: 650,000[15][16][53]
CAN: 5.120 million[17]
AUS: 2.010 million[b][18][273]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 440,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000 [b][24][41][58]
SWI: 805,000[b][25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 375,000[b][32]
FIN: 183,444[47]

100 million[274]

Def Leppard
United Kingdom
1977–present[275]
1979[275]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[275]
7001418009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 41.8 million [show]

US: 35.650 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 1.960 million[13]
FRA: 200,000[15]
CAN: 2.995 million[17]
AUS: 385,000[19][276]
SWE: 150,000[b][22]
MEX: 200,000[b][42]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

100 million[277]

Cher
United States
1964–present[278]
1965[278]
Pop / Rock / Dance / Folk[278]
7001405000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.5 million [show]

US: 21.9 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 6.450 million[b][13]
GER: 4.175 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.525 million[b][16][53]
CAN: 1.340 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.530 million[b][18][279]
ITA: 300,000[b][280]
BRA: 125,000[b][21]
SWE: 850,000[b][22][57]
SPA: 600,000[b][41][58][280]
MEX: 200,000[b][42]
SWI: 295,000[b][25]
BEL: 275,000[b][26]
ARG: 106,000[b][28][260]
DEN: 300,000[b][280][281]
AUT: 250,000[b][32]
POL: 100,000[b][33]
NZ: 150,000[34][282]

100 million[283]

Lionel Richie
United States
1968–present[284]
1981[284]
Pop / R&B[284]
7001404000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 40.4 million [show]

US: 28.650 million[11]
UK: 6.355 million[b][13]
GER: 1.050 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.380 million[b][17]
AUS: 260,000[b][18][285]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 150,000[24][40]
SWI: 145,000[b][25]

100 million[286]

Genesis
United Kingdom
1967–1999
2006–present[287]
1969[287]
Progressive rock / Pop rock[287]
7001399000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 39.9 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 7.325 million[b][13]
GER: 5.875 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.460 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 805,000[b][17]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SPA: 250,000[b][23][24][40]
SWI: 400,000[b][25]

100 million[288]

James Taylor
United States
1968–present[289]
1970[289]
Rock / Pop[289]
7001355000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.5 million [show]

US: 34.650 million[11]
UK: 655,000[b][13]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 100,000[b][18]

100 million[290]

Olivia Newton-John
Australia
1966–present[291]
1966[291]
Pop[291]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 27 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 3.950 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
CAN: 3.025 million[b][17]
AUS: 310,000[b][18][19]

100 million[292]

Stevie Wonder
United States
1961–present[293]
1962[293]
Funk / R&B / Soul[293]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 21.650 million[11]
JPN: 1.050 million[b][12]
UK: 8.285 million[b][13]
GER: 500,000[b][14]
FRA: 1.4 million[b][15][53]
CAN: 1.550 million[17]
SPA: 250,000[b][40]

100 million[294]

Tina Turner
United States
1955–present[295]
1975[295]
Rock / Pop[295]
7001328009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 32.8 million [show]

US: 12.7 million[11]
UK: 8.145 million[13]
GER: 6.050 million[14]
FRA: 1.135 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.560 million[17]
AUS: 480,000[b][18][19]
SWE: 330,000[b][22]
SPA: 700,000[b][23][24][40][41]
SWI: 565,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
AUT: 630,000[b][32]
POL: 120,000[b][33]
FIN: 241,954[47]

100 million[296]

Linda Ronstadt
United States
1967–present[297]
1968[297]
Rock / Folk / Country[297]
7001325000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 32.5 million [show]

US: 31.5 million[11]
UK: 435,000[b][13]
FRA: 100,000[b][15]
CAN: 500,000[b][17]

100 million[298]

Donna Summer
United States
1968–2012[299]
1974[299]
Pop / Disco / R&B[299]
7001308000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.8 million [show]

US: 24.5 million[11]
UK: 3.735 million[b][13]
FRA: 900,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 1.550 million[b][17]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SPA: 100,000[b][41]

100 million[300]

The Beach Boys
United States
1961–present[301]
1962[301]
Rock / Pop / Surf Rock[301]
7001305000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.5 million [show]

US: 25.6 million[11]
UK: 3.410 million[b][13]
GER: 250,000[b][14]
FRA: 400,000[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 100,000[b][17]
AUS: 492,500[b][18][19]
SPA: 250,000[b][40][41]

100 million[302]

David Bowie
United Kingdom
1962–2016[303]
1967[303]
Art rock / Glam rock / Pop[303]
7001299000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 29.9 million [show]

US: 11.7 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 11.745 million[b][13]
GER: 525,000[b][14]
FRA: 2.380 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 2.215 million[b][17]
AUS: 565,000[b][18]
ITA: 320,000[b][20]
SPA: 170,000[b][23][24][40]
NZ: 142,500[b][34]

100 million[304]

The Who
United Kingdom
1964–present[305]
1965[305]
Rock / Hard rock[305]
7001269000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 26.9 million [show]

US: 22.150 million[11]
UK: 3.905 million[b][13]
FRA: 300,000[b][15]
CAN: 425,000[b][17]
ITA: 125,000[b][20]

100 million[306]

Barry White
United States
1972–2003[307]
1973[307]
R&B / Soul[307]
7001217000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 21.7 million [show]

US: 16.5 million[11]
UK: 3.665 million[b][13]
FRA: 1.1 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]
SPA: 200,000[b][58]
BEL: 150,000[b][27]

100 million[308]

text: 80 million to 99 million records

text:
B'z

Shania Twain

Coldplay

Flo Rida

Nicki Minaj

Ayumi Hamasaki

Van Halen

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

Shania Twain
Canada
1993–present[309]
1993[309]
Country pop[309]
7001756009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 75.6 million [show]

US: 54.5 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 6.795 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 975,000[16][53]
CAN: 6.8 million[17]
AUS: 2.360 million[b][18]
BRA: 475,000[21]
SWE: 330,000[22]
SPA: 100,000[58]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
SWI: 310,000[25]
BEL: 250,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 120,000[28]
AUT: 115,000[32]
NZ: 402,500[34][35]

90 million[310]

Coldplay
United Kingdom
1996–present[311]
1999[311]
Alternative rock, Pop rock, Pop[311]
7001758000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 75.8 million [show]

US: 27.6 million[11]
JPN: 750,000[12][52]
UK: 23.685 million[13]
GER: 4.150 million[14]
FRA: 2.930[16]
CAN: 3.205 million[17]
AUS: 3.655 million[18]
ITA: 2.595 million[b][20]
BRA: 340,000[21]
SWE: 670,000[22][57]
SPA: 1.030 million[23]
MEX: 1.890 million[42][43][98]
SWI: 510,000[25]
BEL: 735,000[27]
ARG: 528,000[28][29]
DEN: 639,000[59][61]
AUT: 197,500[32]
POL: 220,000[b][33]
IRE: 210,000[b][102]
NZ: 345,000[34]

90 million[312]

Santana
United States
1966–present[313]
1969[313]
Rock[313]
7001618000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 61.8 million [show]

US: 47.475 million[11]
JPN: 400,000[b][12]
UK: 2.980 million[b][13]
GER: 2.4 million[b][14]
FRA: 3.510 million[b][15][16][53]
CAN: 1.660 million[b][17]
AUS: 855,000[b][18]
BRA: 375,000[b][21]
SWE: 125,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000[b][41][58]
MEX: 405,000[b][42]
SWI: 375,000[b][25]
BEL: 190,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 145,000[b][32]
POL: 205,000[b][33]
NZ: 135,000[b][34][35]

90 million[314]

Earth, Wind & Fire
United States
1969–present[315]
1971[315]
Funk / R&B / Soul[315]
7001356000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 35.6 million [show]

US: 31.8 million[11]
JPN: 500,000[b][12][316][317]
UK: 2.525 million[13]
FRA: 500,000[15][16]
CAN: 360,000[17]

90 million[318]

Johnny Cash
United States
1954–2003[319]
1956[319]
Country/ Rock and roll/ Gospel[319]
7001307000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 30.7 million [show]

US: 25.7 million[11]
UK: 3.660 million[b][13]
GER: 400,000[b][14]
CAN: 490,000[b][17]
AUS: 522,500[b][18]

90 million[320]

B'z
Japan
1988–present[321]
1988[321]
Rock / Pop rock / Hard rock[321]
7001855000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 85.5 million [show]

JPN: 85.5 million[b][12][52][106]

86 million[322]

Nicki Minaj
United States
2008–present[323]
2010[323]
Hip hop, Pop[323]
7001683000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 68.3 million [show]

US: 55 million[11]
JPN: 350,000[52]
UK: 6.9 million[13]
GER: 800,000[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 480,000[17]
AUS: 2.835 million[18]
ITA: 375,000[20]
BRA: 250,000[21]
SWE: 400,000[22][57]
SPA: 100,000[23]
MEX: 150,000[42][98]
SWI: 180,000[25]
DEN: 130,000[61]
NZ: 187,500[34]

85 million[324]

R.E.M.
United States
1980–2011[325]
1983[325]
Alternative rock[325]
7001426000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.6 million [show]

US: 21.150 million[11]
UK: 8.765 million[13]
GER: 4.275 million[14]
FRA: 1.450 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.650 million[17]
AUS: 1.030[b][18][19]
ITA: 175,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[b][21]
SWE: 500,000[b][22]
SPA: 1.1 million[23][24][41][58]
SWI: 450,000[b][25]
BEL: 108,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 158,000[b][28][29]
DEN: 155,000[b][59][60]
AUT: 350,000[b][32]
IRE: 127,500[b][102]
NZ: 105,000[34]

85 million[326]

Flo Rida
United States
2007–present[327]
2007[327]
Hip-hop, Hip house, EDM[327]
7001698000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 69.8 million [show]

US: 49 million[11]
JPN: 650,000[b][12][52]
UK: 7.960 million[13]
GER: 3 million[14]
FRA: 225,000[16]
CAN: 2.810 million[17]
AUS: 3.535 million[b][18]
ITA: 330,000[b][20]
SWE: 780,000[22]
SPA: 140,000[58]
MEX: 330,000[b][42]
SWI: 420,000[25]
DEN: 205,000[b][61]
AUT: 180,000[32]
NZ: 247,500[34][35]

80 million[328]

Ayumi Hamasaki
Japan
1998–present[329]
1998[329]
J-pop / Pop / dance / electronic[329]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

JPN: 64.3 million[12][52][106]

80 million[330][331]

Van Halen
United States
1978–present[332]
1978[332]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[332]
7001643000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 64.3 million [show]

US: 57.8 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12][130]
UK: 740,000[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15]
CAN: 2.450 million[17]
BRA: 200,000[b][21]

80 million[333]

Red Hot Chili Peppers
United States
1983–present[334]
1987[334]
Funk rock / Alternative rock[334]
7001578000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 57.8 million [show]

US: 32.250 million[11]
JPN: 2.6 million[b][12][52]
UK: 9.995 million[13]
GER: 2.650 million[14]
FRA: 1.420 million[16]
CAN: 2.020 million[17]
AUS: 2.590 million[b][18][19]
ITA: 455,000[b][20]
BRA: 515,000[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[b][22]
SPA: 640,000[23][41][58]
MEX: 150,000[b][42]
SWI: 405,000[b][25]
BEL: 170,000[b][27]
ARG: 406,000[28][29]
DEN: 227,000[b][59][60][69][335]
AUT: 247,500[b][32]
POL: 245,000[b][33]
FIN: 171,951[47]
NZ: 285,000[34][35]

80 million[336]

Foreigner
United States
United Kingdom
1976–present[337]
1977[337]
Rock / Hard Rock[337]
7001496000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 49.6 million [show]

US: 45.1 million[11]
UK: 1.300 million[13]
GER: 1.5 million[14]
FRA: 400,000[15][16]
CAN: 700,000[17]
AUS: 105,000[b][18]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]

80 million[338]

The Doors
United States
1965–1973[339]
1967[339]
Psychedelic rock[339]
7001469000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 46.9 million [show]

US: 36.6 million[11]
UK: 2.040 million[b][13]
GER: 1.750 million[b][14]
FRA: 1.9 million[b][15][16]
CAN: 2.780 million[b][17]
AUS: 1.022 million[b][18]
ITA: 130,000[b][20]
BRA: 100,000[21]
SPA: 300,000[b][40][58]
SWI: 125,000[b][25]
ARG: 150,000[b][28]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]

80 million[340]

George Michael
United Kingdom
1981–2016[341]
1984[341]
Pop[341]
7001457000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.7 million [show]

US: 19.8 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12]
UK: 12.850 million[13]
GER: 2.4 million[14]
FRA: 3.217 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 1.770 million[17]
AUS: 2.205 million[b][18][19]
BRA: 350,000[b][21]
SWE: 310,000[b][22]
SPA: 850,000[23][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 335,000[b][25]
BEL: 215,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 118,000[28][29]
DEN: 380,000[59][61][69][342]
AUT: 140,000[b][32]
POL: 340,000[b][33]
NZ: 140,000[34][35]

80 million[343]

Reba McEntire
United States
1975–present[344]
1987[344]
Country / Country Pop[344]
7001427000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 42.7 million [show]

US: 41.9 million[11]
CAN: 850,000[17]

80 million[345]

Meat Loaf
United States
1968–present[346]
1977[346]
Rock / Hard rock[346]
7001415000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 41.5 million [show]

US: 23.6 million[11]
UK: 9.665 million[13]
GER: 2.350 million[14]
CAN: 3.260 million[17]
AUS: 2.382 million[b][18][19]
SWE: 100,000[b][22]
SWI: 115,000[b][25]
AUT: 100,000[b][32]

80 million[347]

Barry Manilow
United States
1973–present[348]
1973[348]
Pop / Soft rock[348]
7001365000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 36.5 million [show]

US: 33.3 million[11]
UK: 2.825 million[13]
CAN: 400,000[b][17]

80 million[349]

Tom Petty
United States
1976–2017[350]
1977[350]
Rock[350]
7001346000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 34.6 million [show]

US: 31.250 million[11]
UK: 1 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 1.7 million[17]
SWE: 200,000[b][22]

80 million[351]

Johnny Hallyday
France
1957–present[352]
1960[352]
Rock / Pop[352]
7001247000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.7 million [show]

FRA: 24.035 million[b][15][16][53][83][353]
SWI: 268,000[b][25]
BEL: 430,000[b][26][27]

80 million[354]

text: 75 million to 79 million records

text:
Journey

The Black Eyed Peas

Kenny G

Usher

Tupac Shakur

Robbie Williams

Enya

text:
Artist
Country / Market
Period active
Release-year of first charted record
Genre
Total certified units
(from available markets)[b]
Claimed sales

The Black Eyed Peas
United States
1995–present[355]
1998[355]
Hip-hop / R&B / Dance[355]
7001556000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 55.6 million [show]

US: 29.4 million[11]
JPN: 1.250 million[12][52]
UK: 10.8 million[13]
GER: 2.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.650 million[16]
CAN: 2.7 million[17]
AUS: 3.270 million[18]
ITA: 365,000[b][20]
BRA: 255,000[21]
SWE: 300,000[22][57]
SPA: 460,000[b][23]
MEX: 390,000[b][42]
SWI: 460,000[25]
BEL: 460,000[27]
DEN: 161,000[b][61][69][101][356][356][357]
IRE: 135,000[b][102]
NZ: 340,000[34][35]

76 million[358]

Journey
United States
1973–present[359]
1975[359]
Rock / Soft rock[359]
7001620000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 62 million [show]

US: 59.7 million[11]
JPN: 300,000[b][12][360]
UK: 1.360 million[13]
CAN: 725,000[17]

75 million[361]

Kenny G
United States
1982–present[362]
1984[362]
Smooth jazz[362]
7001519000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.9 million [show]

US: 48.1 million[11]
JPN: 700,000[b][12]
UK: 360,000[13]
CAN: 950,000[17]
BRA: 1.350 million[b][21]
SPA: 450,000[24][41]

75 million[363]

Usher
United States
1991–present[364]
1994[364]
R&B / Pop[364]
7001512000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 51.2 million [show]

US: 37.435 million[11]
JPN: 750,000 [12][52]
UK: 7.925 million[13]
GER: 1.150[14]
FRA: 210,000[16]
CAN: 1.190 million[17]
AUS: 2.112 million[18]
SWE: 105,000[22][57]
SWI: 170,000[25]
DEN: 117,500[b][61][60]
NZ: 150,000[34]

75 million[365]

Tupac Shakur
United States
1991–1996[366]
1991[366]
Hip hop[366]
7001509000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.9 million [show]

US: 46.2 million[11]
UK: 3.015 million[13]
GER: 500,000[14]
CAN: 820,000[17]
AUS: 395,000[18]

75 million[367]

Robbie Williams
United Kingdom
1990–present[368]
1996[368]
Pop rock[368]
7001502000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50.2 million [show]

US: 500,000[11]
UK: 27.350 million[13]
GER: 9.475 million[14]
FRA: 2.695 million[16][53]
CAN: 250,000[17]
AUS: 2.905 million[18]
ITA: 360,000[b][20]
SWE: 445,000[22][57]
SPA: 440,000[b][23][58]
MEX: 1.595 million[b][42]
SWI: 983,000[25]
BEL: 600,000[26][27]
ARG: 462,000[28][29]
DEN: 631,500[b][59][60][61][69][77]
AUT: 917,500[32]
POL: 140,000[33]
FIN: 235,743[47]
IRE: 135,000[b][102]
NZ: 445,000[34]

75 million[369]

Enya
Ireland
1982–present[370]
1987[370]
New-age / Celtic[370]
7001500000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 50 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 4.6 million[b][12]
UK: 5.250 million[13]
GER: 4.2 million[14]
FRA: 775,000[15][16]
CAN: 1.540 million[17]
AUS: 1.505[b][18][19]
BRA: 1.650 million[b][21]
SWE: 390,000[22]
SPA: 1.760 million[23][41]
MEX: 125,000[b][42]
SWI: 370,000[b][25]
BEL: 460,000[b][27]
ARG: 390,000[28]
DEN: 100,000[b][30][371][372][373]
AUT: 185,000[b][32]
POL: 120,000[b][33]
NZ: 135,000[34]

75 million[374]

Alabama
United States
1972–present[375]
1980[375]
Country / Pop rock[375]
7001480000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 48 million [show]

US: 46.8 million[11]
CAN: 1.2 million[17]

75 million[376]

Nirvana
United States
1987–1994[377]
1989[377]
Grunge / Alternative rock[377]
7001455000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 45.5 million [show]

US: 26.5 million[11]
JPN: 1.3 million[b][12]
UK: 5.570 million[13]
GER: 1.250 million[14]
FRA: 2.5 million[15][16]
CAN: 2.970 million[17]
AUS: 1.257[b][18][203][378]
ITA: 375,000[b][20]
BRA: 725,000[b][21]
SWE: 380,000[22]
SPA: 450,000[23][24][41]
MEX: 475,000[b][42]
SWI: 190,000[25]
BEL: 350,000[b][26][27]
ARG: 522,000[28][29]
AUT: 230,000[b][32]
POL: 300,000[b][33]
NZ: 215,000[34][35]

75 million[379]

The Police
United Kingdom
1977–1986
2007–2008[380]
1978[380]
Pop / Rock[380]
7001388009999900000♠

Total available certified units: 38.8 million [show]

US: 23.150 million[11]
JPN: 100,000[b][12]
UK: 8.160 million[13]
GER: 1.775 million[14]
FRA: 3.340 million[15][16][53]
CAN: 875,000[17]
AUS: 407,500[b][18]
ITA: 100,000[b][20]
BRA: 140,000[b][21]
SPA: 300,000[b][24][40]
MEX: 100,000[b][42]
BEL: 115,000[b][381][382][383]
ARG: 228,000[b][28][29]

75 million[384]

Bob Marley
Jamaica
1962–1981[385]
1975[385]
Reggae[385]
7001389000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 38.9 million [show]

US: 21.850 million[11]
JPN: 200,000[b][12]
UK: 7.4 million[13]
GER: 1.750 million[14]
FRA: 4.735 million[16]
CAN: 600,000[17]
AUS: 350,000[386][387]
ITA: 225,000[b][20]
SWE: 120,000[b][22]
SPA: 450,000[b][24][40][41][58]
SWI: 303,000[b][25]
ARG: 376,000[b][28][29]
AUT: 125,000[b][32]
NZ: 427,500[b][34][35]

75 million[388]

Kiss
United States
1972–present[389]
1974[389]
Hard rock / Heavy metal[389]
7001278000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 27.8 million [show]

US: 26 million[11]
CAN: 1.495 million[b][17]
UK: 100,000[13]
AUS: 130,000[b][18]
ARG: 112,000[b][390]

75 million[391]

Aretha Franklin
United States
1956–present[392]
1961[392]
Soul / Jazz / Blues / R&B[392]
7001247000000000000♠

Total available certified units: 24.7 million [show]

US: 23.5 million[11]
UK: 840,000[b][13]
FRA: 275,000[b][15][16]
CAN: 150,000[b][17]

75 million[393]


document_title: Boeing 737

question_text: who makes the jet engines for the 737

question_tokens: who makes the jet engines for the 737

text: Boeing 737

text: Development[edit]

text: Background[edit]

text: Boeing had been studying short-haul jet aircraft designs, and wanted to produce another aircraft to supplement the 727 on short and thin routes.[8] Preliminary design work began on May 11, 1964,[9] and Boeing's intense market research yielded plans for a 50- to 60-passenger airliner for routes 50 to 1,000 mi (100 to 1,600 km) long.[8][10]

text: Initial design featured podded engines on the aft fuselage and a T-tail like the 727, and five-abreast seating, but Joe Sutter instead placed the engines under the wings to lighten the structure, enabling fuselage widening for six-abreast seating.[11] The 737 design was presented in October 1964 at the Air Transport Association maintenance and engineering conference by chief project engineer Jack Steiner, where its elaborate high-lift devices raised concerns about maintenance costs and dispatch reliability.[11] The launch decision for the $150 million development was made by the board on 1 February 1965.[11]

text: Lufthansa became the launch customer on February 19, 1965,[12] with an order for 21 aircraft, worth $67 million[13] in 1965, after the airline received assurances from Boeing that the 737 project would not be canceled.[14] Consultation with Lufthansa over the previous winter resulted in an increase in capacity to 100 seats.[12]

text: On April 5, 1965, Boeing announced an order by United Airlines for 40 737s. United wanted a slightly larger airplane than the original 737. So Boeing stretched the fuselage 91 cm (36 in) ahead of, and 102 cm (40 in) behind the wing.[15] The longer version was designated 737-200, with the original short-body aircraft becoming the 737-100.[16]

text: Detailed design work continued on both variants at the same time. Boeing was far behind its competitors when the 737 was launched; rival aircraft BAC-111, Douglas DC-9, and Fokker F28 were already into flight certification.[13] To expedite development, Boeing used 60% of the structure and systems of the existing 727, the most notable being the fuselage cross-section. This fuselage permitted six-abreast seating compared to the rival BAC-111 and DC-9's five-abreast layout.[12]

text: Design engineers decided to mount the nacelles directly to the underside of the wings to reduce the landing gear length and kept the engines low to the ground for easy ramp inspection and servicing.[17] Many thickness variations for the engine attachment strut were tested in the wind tunnel and the most desirable shape for high speed was found to be one which was relatively thick, filling the narrow channels formed between the wing and the top of the nacelle, particularly on the outboard side.

text: Originally, the span arrangement of the airfoil sections of the 737 wing was planned to be very similar to that of the 707 and 727, but somewhat thicker. A substantial improvement in drag at high Mach numbers was achieved by altering these sections near the nacelle.[18] The engine chosen was the Pratt & Whitney JT8D-1 low-bypass ratio turbofan engine, delivering 14,500 lbf (64 kN) thrust.[19] With the wing-mounted engines, Boeing decided to mount the horizontal stabilizer on the fuselage rather than the T-tail style of the Boeing 727.[15]

text: Production and testing[edit]

text:
The initial assembly of the Boeing 737 was adjacent to Boeing Field (now officially named King County International Airport) because the factory in Renton was filled to capacity with the production of the 707 and 727. After 271 of the Boeing 737 aircraft were built, production was moved to Renton in late 1970.[14][20]  A significant portion of fuselage assembly—previously done by Boeing in Wichita, Kansas—is now performed by Spirit AeroSystems, which purchased some of Boeing's assets in Wichita.[21][22]
Key to increasing production efficiencies, the entire fuselage is shipped since the 737 Next Generation while it was sent in two pieces before.[23]

text: The fuselage is joined with the wings and landing gear and then moves down the assembly line for the engines, avionics, and interiors. After rolling out the aircraft, Boeing tests the systems and engines before a plane's maiden flight to Boeing Field, where it is painted and fine-tuned before delivery to the customer.[24]  The first of six -100 prototypes rolled out in December 1966 and made its maiden flight on April 9, 1967, piloted by Brien Wygle and Lew Wallick.[25] On December 15, 1967, the Federal Aviation Administration certified the 737-100 for commercial flight,[26] issuing Type Certificate A16WE.[27] The 737 was the first aircraft to have, as part of its initial certification, approval for Category II approaches.[28]

text: Lufthansa received its first aircraft on December 28, 1967. On February 10, 1968, Lufthansa became the first non-American airline to launch a new Boeing aircraft.[26] Lufthansa was the only significant customer to purchase the 737-100. Only 30 aircraft were produced.[29]

text: The 737-200 had its maiden flight on August 8, 1967. It was certified by the FAA on December 21, 1967,[27][30] and the inaugural flight for United was on April 28, 1968, from Chicago to Grand Rapids, Michigan.[26] The lengthened -200 was widely preferred over the -100 by airlines.[31]

text: Sales were low in the early 1970s and, after a peak of 114 deliveries in 1969, only 22 737s were shipped in 1972 with 19 in backlog. The US Air Force saved the program by ordering T-43s. African airline orders kept the production running until the 1978 US Airline Deregulation Act where demand was better for a six-abreast narrow-body aircraft, particularly re-engined with the CFM56, struggling at the time.[11]

text: Initial derivatives[edit]

text: The original engine nacelles incorporated thrust reversers taken from the 727 outboard nacelles. They proved to be relatively ineffective and tended to lift the aircraft up off the runway when deployed. This reduced the downforce on the main wheels thereby reducing the effectiveness of the wheel brakes. In 1968, an improvement to the thrust reversal system was introduced.[32] A 48-inch tailpipe extension was added and new, target-style, thrust reversers were incorporated. The thrust reverser doors were set 35 degrees away from the vertical to allow the exhaust to be deflected inboard and over the wings and outboard and under the wings.[33] The improvement became standard on all aircraft after March 1969, and a retrofit was provided for active aircraft. Boeing fixed the drag issue by introducing new longer nacelle/wing fairings, and improved the airflow over the flaps and slats. The production line also introduced an improvement to the flap system, allowing increased use during takeoff and landing. All these changes gave the aircraft a boost to payload and range, and improved short-field performance.[26] In May 1971, after aircraft #135, all improvements, including more powerful engines and a greater fuel capacity, were incorporated into the 737-200, giving it a 15% increase in payload and range over the original -200s.[28] This became known as the 737-200 Advanced, which became the production standard in June 1971.[34]

text: In 1970, Boeing received only 37 orders. Facing financial difficulties, Boeing considered closing the 737 production-line and selling the design to Japanese aviation companies.[14] After the cancellation of the Boeing Supersonic Transport, and scaling back of 747 production, enough funds were freed up to continue the project.[35]  In a bid to increase sales by offering a variety of options, Boeing offered a 737C (Convertible) model in both -100 and -200 lengths. This model featured a 340 cm × 221 cm (134 in × 87 in) freight door just behind the cockpit, and a strengthened floor with rollers, which allowed for palletized cargo. A 737QC (Quick Change) version with palletized seating allowed for faster configuration changes between cargo and passenger flights.[36] With the improved short-field capabilities of the 737, Boeing offered the option on the -200 of the gravel kit, which enables this aircraft to operate on remote, unpaved runways.[37][38] Until retiring its -200 fleet in 2007, Alaska Airlines used this option for some of its combi aircraft rural operations in Alaska.[39] Northern Canadian operators Air Inuit, Air North, Canadian North, First Air and Nolinor Aviation still operate the gravel kit aircraft in Northern Canada, where gravel runways are common.

text: In 1988, the initial production run of the -200 model ended after producing 1,114 aircraft. The last one was delivered to Xiamen Airlines on August 8, 1988.[40][41]

text: Improved variants[edit]

text: Development began in 1979 for the 737's first major revision. Boeing wanted to increase capacity and range, incorporating improvements to upgrade the aircraft to modern specifications, while also retaining commonality with previous 737 variants. In 1980, preliminary aircraft specifications of the variant, dubbed 737-300, were released at the Farnborough Airshow.[42]

text: Boeing engineer Mark Gregoire led a design team, which cooperated with CFM International to select, modify and deploy a new engine and nacelle that would make the 737-300 into a viable aircraft. They chose the CFM56-3B-1 high-bypass turbofan engine to power the aircraft, which yielded significant gains in fuel economy and a reduction in noise, but also posed an engineering challenge, given the low ground clearance of the 737 and the larger diameter of the engine over the original Pratt & Whitney engines. Gregoire's team and CFM solved the problem by reducing the size of the fan (which made the engine slightly less efficient than it had been forecast to be), placing the engine ahead of the wing, and by moving engine accessories to the sides of the engine pod, giving the engine a distinctive non-circular "hamster pouch"[43] air intake.[44][45] Earlier customers for the CFM56 included the U.S. Air Force with its program to re-engine KC-135 tankers.[46]

text: The passenger capacity of the aircraft was increased to 149 by extending the fuselage around the wing by 2.87 meters (9 ft 5 in). The wing incorporated several changes for improved aerodynamics. The wingtip was extended 9 in (23 cm), and the wingspan by 1 ft 9 in (53 cm). The leading-edge slats and trailing-edge flaps were adjusted.[44] The tailfin was redesigned, the flight deck was improved with the optional EFIS (Electronic Flight Instrumentation System), and the passenger cabin incorporated improvements similar to those developed on the Boeing 757.[47] The prototype −300, the 1,001st 737 built, first flew on 24 February 1984 with pilot Jim McRoberts.[47] It and two production aircraft flew a nine-month-long certification program.[48]

text: In June 1986, Boeing announced the development of the 737-400,[49] which stretched the fuselage a further 10 ft (3.0 m), increasing the passenger load to 188.[50] The -400s first flight was on February 19, 1988, and, after a seven-month/500-hour flight-testing run, entered service with Piedmont Airlines that October.[51]

text: The -500 series was offered, due to customer demand, as a modern and direct replacement of the 737-200. It incorporated the improvements of the 737 Classic series, allowing longer routes with fewer passengers to be more economical than with the 737-300. The fuselage length of the -500 is 1 ft 7 in (48 cm) longer than the 737-200, accommodating up to 140[50] passengers. Both glass and older-style mechanical cockpits arrangements were available.[51] Using the CFM56-3 engine also gave a 25% increase in fuel efficiency over the older -200s P&W engines.[51]

text: The 737-500 was launched in 1987 by Southwest Airlines, with an order for 20 aircraft,[52] and flew for the first time on June 30, 1989.[51] A single prototype flew 375 hours for the certification process,[51] and on February 28, 1990, Southwest Airlines received the first delivery.[53]

text: After the introduction of the −600/700/800/900 series, the −300/400/500 series was called the 737 Classic series.[54]

text: The price of jet fuel reached a peak in 2008, when airlines devoted 40% of the retail price of an air ticket to pay for fuel, versus 15% in 2000.[55][56] Consequently, in that year carriers retired Classic 737 series aircraft to reduce fuel consumption; replacements consisted of more efficient Next Generation 737s or Airbus A320/A319/A318 series aircraft. On June 4, 2008, United Airlines announced it would retire all 94 of its Classic 737 aircraft (64 737-300 and 30 737-500 aircraft), replacing them with Airbus A320 jets taken from its Ted subsidiary, which has been shut down.[57][58][59]

text: Next-Generation models[edit]

text: Prompted by the new Airbus A320, Boeing initiated development of an updated series of aircraft in 1991.[60] After working with potential customers, the 737 Next Generation (NG) program was announced on November 17, 1993.[61] The 737NG encompasses the -600, -700, -800, and -900, and is to date the most significant upgrade of the airframe. The performance of the 737NG is, in essence, that of a new aircraft, but important commonality is retained from previous 737 models.[62]

text: The wing was redesigned with a new airfoil section, greater chord, increased wing span by 16 ft (4.9 m) and area by 25%, which increased total fuel capacity by 30%. New, quieter, more fuel-efficient CFM56-7B engines were used.[63] The wing, engine, and fuel capacity improvements combined increase the 737's range by 900 nautical miles to over 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km),[64] now permitting transcontinental service.[61] With the increased fuel capacity, higher maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) specifications are offered. The 737NG included redesigned vertical stabilizers, and winglets were available on most models.[65] The flight deck was upgraded with modern avionics, and passenger cabin improvements similar to those on the Boeing 777, including more curved surfaces and larger overhead bins than previous-generation 737s. The Next Generation 737 interior was also adopted on the Boeing 757-300.[66][67]

text: The first NG to roll out was a -700, on December 8, 1996. This aircraft, the 2,843rd 737 built, first flew on February 9, 1997. The prototype -800 rolled out on June 30, 1997, and first flew on July 31, 1997. The smallest of the new variants, the -600s, is the same size as the -500. It was the last in this series to launch, in December 1997. First flying January 22, 1998, it was given certification on August 18, 1998.[61][68] A flight test program was operated by 10 aircraft; 3 -600s, 4 -700s, and 3 -800s.[61]

text: In 2004, Boeing offered a Short Field Performance package in response to the needs of Gol Transportes Aéreos, which frequently operates from restricted airports. The enhancements improve takeoff and landing performance. The optional package is available for the 737NG models and standard equipment for the 737-900ER. The CFM56-7B Evolution nacelle began testing in August 2009 to be used on the new 737 PIP (Performance Improvement Package) due to enter service mid-2011. This new improvement is said to shave at least 1% off overall drag and have some weight benefits. Overall, it is claimed to have a 2% improvement on fuel burn on longer stages.[69] In 2010, new interior options for the 737NG included the 787-style Boeing Sky Interior.[69]

text: Boeing delivered the 5,000th 737 to Southwest Airlines on February 13, 2006, the 6,000th 737 to Norwegian Air Shuttle in April 2009, the 8,000th 737 to United Airlines on April 16, 2014.[70] The Airbus A320 family has outsold the 737NG over the past decade,[71][72][73] although its order totals include the A321 and A318, which have also rivaled Boeing's 757 and 717, respectively.[6] The 737NG has also outsold the A320 on an annual basis in past years,[74][75][76][77][78] with the next generation series extending the jetliner's run as the most widely sold[79][80][81] and commonly flown airliner family since its introduction.[82][83][84][85][86][87]  The 10,000th aircraft was ordered in July 2012.[88]

text: Boeing produces 42 of the type per month in 2015, and expects to increase to 52 per month in 2018.[89] The slow selling 737-600 is no longer being marketed and was removed from the Boeing website as of 2016, its position as the smallest model being taken by the more popular 737-700.[90]

text: The 737, particularly the 737 Next Generation, has been featured in many flight simulation games, including Infinite Flight and Microsoft Flight Simulator X.[citation needed]

text: Replacement or re-engining[edit]

text: Since 2006, Boeing has discussed replacing the 737 with a "clean sheet" design (internally named "Boeing Y1") that could follow the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.[91] A decision on this replacement was postponed, and delayed into 2011.[92]  In November 2014, it was reported that Boeing plans to develop a new aircraft to replace the 737 in the 2030 time frame. The airplane is to have a similar fuselage, but probably made from composite materials similar to the Boeing 787 Dreamliner.[93] Boeing also considers a parallel development along with the 757 replacement, similar to when the 757/767 were developed in the 1970s.[94]

text: On July 20, 2011, Boeing announced plans for a new 737 version to be powered by the CFM International LEAP-X engine, with American Airlines intending to order 100 of these aircraft.[95]  On August 30, 2011, Boeing confirmed the launch of the 737 new engine variant, called the 737 MAX,[96] with new CFM International LEAP-1B engines.[97][98][99]

text: On September 23, 2015, Boeing announced a collaboration with Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China Ltd. to build a completion and delivery facility for the 737 in China, the first outside the U.S.[100][101]

text: Design[edit]

text: The 737's main landing gear under the wings at mid-cabin rotates into wells in the aircraft's belly. The legs are covered by partial doors, and "brush-like" seals aerodynamically smooth (or "fair") the wheels in the wells. The sides of the tires are exposed to the air in flight. "Hub caps" complete the aerodynamic profile of the wheels. It is forbidden to operate without the caps, because they are linked to the ground speed sensor that interfaces with the anti-skid brake system. The dark circles of the tires are clearly visible when a 737 takes off, or is at low altitude.[102]

text: 737s are not equipped with fuel dump systems. The original aircraft were too small to require them, and adding a fuel dump system to the later, larger variants would have incurred a large weight penalty. Boeing instead demonstrated an "equivalent level of safety". Depending upon the nature of the emergency, 737s either circle to burn off fuel or land overweight. If the latter is the case, the aircraft is inspected by maintenance personnel for damage and then returned to service if none is found.[103][104]

text: Engines[edit]

text: Engines on the 737 Classic series (−300, −400, −500) and Next-Generation series (−600, −700, −800, −900) do not have circular inlets like most aircraft. The 737 Classic series featured CFM56 turbofan engines, which yielded significant gains in fuel economy and a reduction in noise over the JT8D engines used on the −100 and −200, but also posed an engineering challenge given the low ground clearance of the 737. Boeing and engine supplier CFMI solved the problem by placing the engine ahead of (rather than below) the wing, and by moving engine accessories to the sides (rather than the bottom) of the engine pod, giving the 737 a distinctive non-circular air intake.[44]

text: The wing also incorporated changes for improved aerodynamics. The engines' accessory gearbox was moved from the 6 o'clock position under the engine to the 4 o'clock position (from a front/forward looking aft perspective). This side-mounted gearbox gives the engine a somewhat triangular rounded shape. Because the engine is close to the ground, 737-300s and later models are more prone to engine foreign object damage (FOD). The improved CFM56-7 turbofan engine on the 737 Next Generation is 7% more fuel-efficient than the previous CFM56-3 in the 737 classics. The newest 737 variants, the 737 MAX family, are to feature CFM International LEAP-1B engines with a 1.73 m fan diameter. These engines are expected to be 10-12% more efficient than the CFM56-7B engines on the 737 Next Generation family.[105]

text: Flight systems[edit]

text: The primary flight controls are intrinsically safe. In the event of total hydraulic system failure or double engine failure, they will automatically and seamlessly revert to control via servo tab. In this mode, the servo tabs aerodynamically control the elevators and ailerons; these servo tabs are in turn controlled by cables running to the control yoke. The pilot's muscle forces alone control the tabs. For the 737 Next Generation, a six-screen LCD glass cockpit with modern avionics was implemented while retaining crew commonality with previous generation 737.[106]

text: Most 737 cockpits were delivered with "eyebrow windows" positioned above the main glareshield, which were a feature of the original 707 and 727[107] to allow for better crew visibility.[108] Contrary to popular belief, these windows were not intended for celestial navigation[109] (only the military T-43A had a sextant port for star navigation, which the civilian models lacked[110]). With modern avionics, the windows became redundant, and many pilots actually placed newspapers or other objects in them to block out sun glare. They were eliminated from the 737 cockpit design in 2004, although they are still installed on customer request.[111] The eybrow windows are sometimes removed and plugged, usually during maintenance overhauls, and can be distinguished by the metal plug which differs from the smooth metal in later aircraft that were not originally fitted with the windows.[111]

text: Upgrade packages[edit]

text: Winglets[edit]

text: The 737 has four different winglet types: 737-200 Mini-winglet, 737 Classic/NG Blended Winglet, 737 Split Scimitar Winglet, and 737 MAX Advanced Technology Winglet.[111]  The 737-200 Mini-winglets are part of the Quiet Wing Corp modification kit that received certification in 2005.[111]

text: Blended winglets are in production on 737 NG aircraft and are available for retrofit on 737 Classic models. These winglets stand approximately 8 feet (2.4 m) tall and are installed at the wing tips. They help to reduce fuel burn (by reducing vortex drag), engine wear, and takeoff noise. Overall fuel efficiency improvement is up to five percent through the reduction of lift-induced drag.[112][113]

text: Split Scimitar winglets became available in 2014 for the 737-800, 737-900ER, BBJ2 and BBJ3, and in 2015 for the 737-700, 737-900 and BBJ1.[114] Split Scimitar winglets were developed by Aviation Partners Inc. (API), the same Seattle based corporation that developed the blended winglets; the Split Scimitar winglets produce up to a 5.5% fuel savings per aircraft compared to 3.3% savings for the blended winglets. Southwest Airlines flew their first flight of a 737-800 with Split Scimitar winglets on April 14, 2014.[115]  The next generation 737, 737 MAX, will feature an Advanced Technology (AT) Winglet that is produced by Boeing. The Boeing AT Winglet resembles a cross between the Blended Winglet and the Split Scimitar Winglet.[116]

text: Flight systems[edit]

text: Carbon brakes[edit]

text: As of  July 2008[update] the 737 features carbon brakes manufactured by Messier-Bugatti. These new brakes, now certified by the Federal Aviation Administration, weigh 550–700 lb (250–320 kg) less than the steel brakes normally fitted to the Next-Gen 737s (weight savings depend on whether standard or high-capacity brakes are fitted).[117] A weight reduction of 700 pounds on a Boeing 737-800 results in 0.5% reduction in fuel burn.[118]

text: Short-field design package[edit]

text: A short-field design package is available for the 737-600, -700, and -800, allowing operators to fly increased payload to and from airports with runways under 5,000 feet (1,500 m). The package consists of sealed leading edge slats (improved lift), a two-position tail skid (enabling greater protection against tail strikes that may be caused by the lower landing speeds), and increased flight spoiler deflection on the ground. These improvements are standard on the 737-900ER.[119]

text: Interior[edit]

text: The 737 interior arrangement has changed in successive generations. The original 737 interior was restyled for the 737 Classic models using 757 designs, while 777 architecture was used for the debut of the Next Generation 737. Designed using Boeing's new cabin concepts, the latest Sky Interior features sculpted sidewalls and redesigned window housings, along with increased headroom and LED mood lighting.[69][120] Larger pivot-bins similar to those on the 777 and 787 have more luggage space than prior designs.[120] The Sky Interior is also designed to improve cabin noise levels by 2–4 dB.[69] The first 737 equipped with the Boeing Sky Interior was delivered to Flydubai in late 2010.[69] Continental Airlines,[121][122]Alaska Airlines,[123] Malaysia Airlines,[124] and TUIFly have also received Sky Interior-equipped 737s.[125]

text: Variants[edit]

text: The 737 models can be divided into four generations, including thirteen major variants. The "Original" models consist of the 737-100, 737-200/-200 Advanced. The "Classic" models consist of the 737-300, 737-400, and 737-500. The "Next Generation" variants consist of the 737-600, 737-700/-700ER, 737-800, and 737-900/-900ER. Of these variants, many feature additional versions such as the T-43, which was a modified Boeing 737-200 used by the United States Air Force (USAF). The fourth generation derivative - the 737 MAX - consists of the 737-MAX-7, 737-MAX-8, and 737-MAX-9 which will replace the -700, -800 and -900/900ER versions of the NG family, respectively. A fourth MAX variant, the 737-MAX-10 is currently under development and is the largest 737 to date.

text: 737 Original series[edit]

text: The initial model was the 737-100. It was launched in February 1965. The -100 was rolled out on January 17, 1967, had its first flight on April 9, 1967 and entered service with Lufthansa in February 1968. The aircraft is the smallest variant of the 737. A total of 30 737-100s were ordered and delivered; the final commercial delivery took place on October 31, 1969 to Malaysia–Singapore Airlines. No 737-100s remain in commercial service. The original Boeing prototype, last operated by NASA and retired more than 30 years after its maiden flight, is on exhibit in the Museum of Flight in Seattle.[61]

text: The 737-200 is a 737-100 with an extended fuselage, launched by an order from United Airlines in 1965. The -200 was rolled out on June 29, 1967, and entered service at United in April 1968. The 737-200 Advanced is an improved version of the -200, introduced into service by All Nippon Airways on May 20, 1971.[126] The -200 Advanced has improved aerodynamics, automatic wheel brakes, more powerful engines, more fuel capacity, and longer range than the -100.[127] Boeing also provided the 737-200C (Cargo), which allowed for conversion between passenger and cargo use and the 737-200QC (Quick Change), which facilitated a rapid conversion between roles. The 1,095th and last delivery of a -200 series aircraft was in August 1988 to Xiamen Airlines.[128][62]  Many 737-200s have been phased out or replaced by newer 737 versions. In July 2017, there were a combined 67 Boeing 737-200s in service, mostly with "second and third tier" airlines, and those of developing nations.[129]

text: With a gravelkit modification the 737-200 can use unimproved or unpaved landing strips, such as gravel runways, that other similarly-sized jet aircraft cannot. Gravel-kitted 737-200 Combis are currently used by Canadian North, First Air, Air Inuit, Nolinor and Air North in northern Canada. For many years, Alaska Airlines made use of gravel-kitted 737-200s to serve Alaska's many unimproved runways across the state.[130]

text: Nineteen 737-200s, designated T-43, were used to train aircraft navigators for the U.S. Air Force. Some were modified into CT-43s, which are used to transport passengers, and one was modified as the NT-43A Radar Test Bed. The first was delivered on July 31, 1973 and the last on July 19, 1974. The Indonesian Air Force ordered three modified 737-200s, designated Boeing 737-2x9 Surveiller. They were used as Maritime reconnaissance (MPA)/transport aircraft, fitted with SLAMMAR (Side-looking Multi-mission Airborne Radar). The aircraft were delivered between May 1982 and October 1983.[131]

text: After 40 years the final 737-200 aircraft in the U.S. flying scheduled passenger service were phased out in March 2008, with the last flights of Aloha Airlines.[132] The variant still sees regular service through North American charter operators such as Sierra Pacific.[133]

text: 737 Classic series[edit]

text: The Boeing 737 Classic is the name given to the -300/-400/-500 series of the Boeing 737 after the introduction of the -600/700/800/900 series. The Classic series was originally introduced as the 'new generation' of the 737.[134] Produced from 1984 to 2000, 1,988 aircraft were delivered.[53]

text: 737 Next Generation[edit]

text: By the early 1990s, it became clear that the new Airbus A320 was a serious threat to Boeing's market share, as Airbus won previously loyal 737 customers such as Lufthansa and United Airlines. In November 1993, Boeing's board of directors authorized the Next Generation program to replace the 737 Classic series. The -600, -700, -800, and -900 series were planned.[135] After engineering trade studies and discussions with major 737 customers, Boeing proceeded to launch the 737 Next Generation series in late 1993, with 6,554 built as of September 2017.[128] Variants include the P-8 Poseidon.

text: 737 MAX[edit]

text: After Airbus launched the Airbus A320neo family in December 2010, achieving 1,029 orders by June 2011 and breaking Boeing's monopoly with American Airlines with an order for 130 A320neos that July,[136]  Boeing launched the 737 MAX program on August 30, 2011.[137] Boeing will be offering four variants: 737 MAX 7, 737 MAX 8, 737 MAX 9 and announced the 737 MAX 10 in June 2017.[138] These variants will replace the 737-700, 737-800, and 737-900ER, respectively. The 737 MAX 10 is planned to be the largest 737 to date to better compete with the Airbus A321neo and does not replace a Next Generation variant. The main changes are the use of CFM International LEAP-1B engines, the addition of fly-by-wire control to the spoilers, the lengthening of the nose landing gear and the addition of Boeing's Advanced Technology Winglet.

text: On December 13, 2011, Boeing announced that Southwest Airlines was the launch customer, having placed the first firm order – for 150 of the aircraft.[139] Its first commercial flight was by a MAX 8 with Malindo Air on May 22, 2017.[140] The first 737 MAX 9 was delivered on March 21, 2018 to the Lion Air Group.[141]

text: Boeing Business Jet (BBJ)[edit]

text: The Boeing Business Jet is a customized version of the 737. Plans for a business jet version of the 737 are not new. In the late 1980s, Boeing marketed the 77-33 jet, a business jet version of the 737-300.[142] The name was short-lived. After the introduction of the next generation series, Boeing introduced the Boeing Business Jet (BBJ) series. The BBJ1 was similar in dimensions to the 737-700 but had additional features, including stronger wings and landing gear from the 737-800, and had increased range (through the use of extra fuel tanks) over the other 737 models. The first BBJ rolled out on August 11, 1998 and flew for the first time on September 4.[143]

text: On October 11, 1999 Boeing launched the BBJ2. Based on the 737-800, it is 5.84 meters (19 ft 2 in) longer than the BBJ, with 25% more cabin space and twice the baggage space, but has slightly reduced range. It is also fitted with auxiliary belly fuel tanks and winglets. The first BBJ2 was delivered on 28 February 2001.[143]

text: Boeing's BBJ3 is based on the 737-900ER. The BBJ3 has 1,120 square feet (104 m2) of floor space, 35% more interior space, and 89% more luggage space than the BBJ2. It has an auxiliary fuel system, giving it a range of up to 4,725 nautical miles (8,751 km), and a Head-up display. Boeing completed the first example in August 2008. This aircraft's cabin is pressurized to a simulated 6,500-foot (2,000 m) altitude.[144][145]

text: Freighter[edit]

text: Boeing is studying plans to offer passenger to freighter conversion for the 737-800. Boeing has signed an agreement with Chinese YTO Airlines to provide the airline with 737-800 Boeing Converted Freighters (BCFs) pending a planned program launch.[146] In 2016, Boeing officially launched the 737-800BCF program, converting old passenger jets to dedicated freighters.[147] The first aircraft was delivered in 2018 to GECAS, which is leased to West Atlantic.[148]

text: Operators[edit]

text:
In March 2018, the 10,000th was rolled out as over 4,600 orders are pending.[1]
The 737 is operated by more than 500 airlines, flying to 1,200 destinations in 190 countries: over 4,500 are in service and at any given time there are on average 1,250 airborne worldwide. On average, somewhere in the world, a 737 took off or landed every five seconds in 2006.[7] Since entering service in 1968, the 737 has carried over 12 billion passengers over 74 billion miles (120 billion km; 65 billion nm), and has accumulated more than 296 million hours in the air. The 737 represents more than 25% of the worldwide fleet of large commercial jet airliners.[7][149]

text: Civilian[edit]

text: As of July 2017, 67 Boeing 737-200 aircraft were in civilian service.[129]

text: Military[edit]

text: Many countries operate the 737 passenger, BBJ, and cargo variants in government or military applications.[150] Users with 737s include:

text:
Argentina (737-500 from 2014)
 Australia
 Brazil (retired in 2011)
 Chile
 China （some electronic signals intelligence (ELINT) versions and airliner versions are in service at PLAAF)
 Colombia
 India
 Indonesia
 Iran
 Kazakhstan
 Malaysia
 Mexico
 Mongolia
 Nigeria
 Pakistan (went to Pakistan International Airlines in 1999)
 Peru
 South Africa
 Saudi Arabia
 South Korea
 Taiwan (Republic of China)
 Thailand
 Turkey
 United States (such as T-43, CT-43, and C-40)

text: Competition[edit]

text: The Boeing 737 Classics and the Boeing 737 Next Generation have faced main challenges from the Airbus A320 family introduced in 1988, which was developed to compete also with the McDonnell Douglas MD-80/90 series and the Boeing 717 (formerly named McDonnell Douglas MD-95).

text: Boeing has delivered over 10,077 aircraft of the 737 family since late 1967,[128] with over 8,210 of those deliveries since March 1, 1988,[151] and has a further 4,648 on firm order as of May 2018.[128] In comparison, Airbus has delivered 7,771 A320 series aircraft since their certification/first delivery in early 1988, with another 5,520 on firm order (as of September 2017).[152]

text: Orders and deliveries[edit]

text: Total production[edit]

text: In total, 10,077 units of the Boeing 737 have been delivered as of May 31, 2018.[128]

text:
Total Orders
Total Deliveries
Unfilled

2018
2017
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007

14,725
10,077
4,648

213
529
490
495
485
440
415
372
376
372
290
330

text:
Year
2006
2005
2004
2003
2002
2001
2000
1999
1998
1997
1996
1995
1994
1993
1992
1991
1990
1989
1988
1987

Deliveries
302
212
202
173
223
299
281
320
281
135
76
89
121
152
218
215
174
146
165
161

text:
Year
1986
1985
1984
1983
1982
1981
1980
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
1974
1973
1972
1971
1970
1969
1968
1967

Deliveries
141
115
67
83
95
108
92
77
40
25
41
51
55
23
22
29
37
114
105
4

text: Units by generation[edit]

text: As of  May 2018[update], 14,725 units of the Boeing 737 have been ordered, with 4,648 units still to be delivered.[128] Units built by model type for 737 Original, Classic, Next Generation, and Boeing Business Jet families are as follows:

text:
Generation
Model series
ICAO code[153]
Orders
Deliveries
Unfilled orders
First flight

737 Original

737-100
B731
30
30
—
April 9, 1967

737-200
B732
991
991
—
August 8, 1967

737-200C
104
104
—
September 18, 1968

737-T43A
19
19
—
March 10, 1973

737 Classic

737-300
B733
1,113
1,113
—
February 24, 1984

737-400
B734
486
486
—
February 19, 1988

737-500
B735
389
389
—
June 30, 1989

737 Next Generation

737-600
B736
69
69
—
January 22, 1998

737-700
B737
1,128
1,127
1
February 9, 1997

737-700C
22
20
2
April 14, 2000[154]

737-700W
14
14
—
May 20, 2004[155]

737-800
B738
4,991
4,817
174
July 31, 1997

737-800A
138
98
40
April 25, 2009[156]

737-900
B739
52
52
—
August 3, 2000

737-900ER
505
461
44
September 1, 2006

737 Boeing Business Jet

737-BBJ1 (-700)
B737
121
120
1
September 4, 1998

737-BBJ2 (-800)
B738
23
21
2
N/A

737-BBJ3 (-900)
B739
7
7
—
N/A

737 MAX

737 MAX (-7,-8,-9,-10)
B37M / B38M / B39M
4,523
139
4,384
January 29, 2016[157]

text: Orders and deliveries data from Boeing through May 2018[128]

text: Accidents and incidents[edit]

text: As of October 2015, a total of 368 aviation accidents and incidents involving all 737 aircraft have occurred,[158] including 184 hull loss accidents resulting in a total of 4,862 fatalities.[159] The 737 has also been in 111 hijackings involving 325 fatalities.[160]

text: An analysis by Boeing on commercial jet airplane accidents in the period 1959–2013 showed that the original series had a hull loss rate of 1.75 per million departures versus 0.54 for the classic series and 0.27 for the Next Generation series.[161]

text: Aircraft on display[edit]

text:
19437/1 – 737-130 registered N515NA on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington. It was the first 737 built and is painted in NASA markings.[162]
19047/14 - 737-222 registered N9009U preserved by Southern Illinois University Carbondale at Southern Illinois Airport.[163]
20213/160 - 737-201 registered N213US forward fuselage on static display at the Museum of Flight in Seattle, Washington in USAir livery.[164]
20561/292 – 737-281 registered LV-WTX on static display at the National Museum of Aeronautics in Morón, Buenos Aires.[165]
20562/293 - 737-281 registered CC-CSK fuselage preserved at Motel Bahía in Concón, Chile.[166][167]
21262/470 – 737-2H4 registered C-GWJT on static display at the British Columbia Institute of Technology Aerospace Technology Campus in Richmond, British Columbia. It is used for ground instructional training. The aircraft was donated by WestJet and bears its livery.[168][169]
21340/499 - 737-2H4 registered N29SW on static display at the Kansas Aviation Museum in Wichita, Kansas. It was formerly operated by Ryan International Airlines and prior to that Southwest Airlines.[170][171]
21712/557 - 737-275 registered C-GIPW preserved in operational condition at Alberta Flying Heritage Museum in Villeneuve, Alberta. Painted in Pacific Western Airlines livery.[172]
22578/767 – 737-290C registered N740AS on static display at the Alaska Aviation Heritage Museum in Anchorage, Alaska. It was formerly operated by Alaska Airlines.[173]
22826/878 - 737-2H4 registered YV1361 preserved at a hotel in Santiago, Chile. It was formerly operated by Avior Airlines.[174]
23059/980 – 737-2Z6 registered 22-222 on static display at the Royal Thai Air Force Museum in Bangkok.[175][176]
22940/1037 – 737-3H4 registered N300SW on static display at the Frontiers of Flight Museum in Dallas, Texas. It was the first such aircraft delivered to Southwest Airlines in November 1984.[177]
23257/1124 - 737-301 registered PK-AWU on static display at ITE College Central in Singapore.[178]
23472/1194 – 737-219 registered ZS-SMD on static display at the South African Airways Museum in Germiston, Gauteng.[179]
23660/1294 - 737-377 registered G-CELS on static display at Norwich Airport (UK) as an Aviation Academy trainer. It is painted in the silver & red Jet2.com colour scheme, without the logo branding.[180]
27286/2528 – 737-3Q8 registered N759BA on static display at the Pima Air & Space Museum in Tucson, Arizona. It is painted in China Southern Airlines markings, and was previously operated by the airline as B-2921.[181]

text: Specifications[edit]

text:
Boeing 737 Characteristics[182]

Variant

737-100

737-200

737-300/-400/-500

737-600/-700/-800/-900

737 MAX-7/8/9/10[183][184]

Cockpit crew

Two

2-class seats

85 : 12F 73Y

102 : 14F@38" 88Y@34"

126/147/110

108/128/160/177

138/162/178/188

1-class seats

103@34" - 118@30"

115@34" - 130@30"

140+/159-168/122-132

123-130/140+/175+/177-215

153/178/193/204

Exit Limit

124

136

149/188/145

149/149/189/220

172/210/220/230

Length

94 ft (29 m)

100 ft 2 in (30.53 m)

102–120 ft (31–37 m)

102–138 ft (31–42 m)

116.7–143.7 ft (35.56–43.8 m)

Span

93 ft (28 m)

94 ft 9 in (28.88 m)

112 ft 7 in (34.32 m)winglets: 117 ft 5 in (35.79 m)

117 ft 10 in (35.92 m)

Wing area[185]

979.9 sq ft (91.04 m2)

1,341.2 sq ft (124.60 m2)

1,370 sq ft (127 m2)[186]

Wingsweep[185]

25 degrees

Height

37 ft (11 m)

36 ft 6 in (11.13 m)

41 ft (12 m)

40 ft 4 in (12.29 m)

Width

Fuselage: 148 inches (3.8 m), Cabin: 139.2 inches (3.54 m)

Cargo

650 cu ft (18 m3)

875 cu ft (24.8 m3)

882–1,373 cu ft25.0–38.9 m3

720–1,826 cu ft20.4–51.7 m3

1,543–1,814 cu ft43.7–51.4 m3

MTOW

110,000 lb (50,000 kg)

128,100 lb (58,100 kg)

133,500–150,000 lb60,600–68,000 kg

144,500–187,700 lb65,500–85,100 kg

177,000–194,700 lb80,300–88,300 kg

OEW

62,000 lb (28,000 kg)

65,300 lb (29,600 kg)

70,440–76,760 lb31,950–34,820 kg

80,200–98,495 lb36,378–44,677 kg

Fuel capacity

4,720US gal / 17,865L

5,970US gal / 22,596L[a]

5,311USgal20,100L

6,875-7,837 US gal26,022-29,666 L

6,853 US gal25,941 L

Cruise

Mach 0.745 (430 kn; 796 km/h)

Mach 0.785 (453 kn; 838 km/h)

MMO[186]

Mach 0.82 (473 kn; 876 km/h)

Takeoff[b]

6,099 ft (1,859 m)[185]

7,500–8,690 ft2,290–2,650 m[187]

6,161–7,598 ft1,878–2,316 m[185]

Range

1,540 nmi (2,850 km)[188]

2,600 nmi (4,800 km)[c][189]

2,060–2,375 nmi3,815–4,398 km[187]

2,935–3,010 nmi5,436–5,575 km[190]

3,300–3,850 nmi6,110–7,130 km

Ceiling[186]

37,000 ft (11,300 m)

41,000 ft (12,500 m)

Engines (×2)

Pratt & Whitney JT8D-7/-9/-5/-17

CFM56-3 series

CFM56-7 series

CFM LEAP-1B

Thrust (×2)

14,000 lbf (62 kN)[188]

14,500–16,400 lbf64–73 kN[189]

20,000–23,500 lbf89–105 kN

20,000–27,000 lbf89–120 kN

up to 29,300 lbf (130 kN)

text:
Jump up ^ With 810 gal / 3,065 L auxiliary fuel tank

Jump up ^ MTOW, Sea Level, International Standard Atmosphere

Jump up ^ 120 passengers

tag: ol