document_title: Denver Broncos

question_text: who did denver play in their last super bowl

question_tokens: who did denver play in their last super bowl

text: Denver Broncos

text: Franchise history

text: 1960–1969: AFL era

text: The Denver Broncos were founded on August 14, 1959, when Minor League Baseball owner Bob Howsam was awarded an American Football League (AFL) charter franchise.[8] The Broncos won the first-ever AFL game over the Boston Patriots 13–10, on September 9, 1960. On August 5, 1967, they became the first-ever AFL team to defeat an NFL team, with a 13–7 win over the Detroit Lions in a preseason game.[8] However, the Broncos were not successful in the 1960s, compiling a record of 39–97–4 in the league.[9]

text: Denver came close to losing its franchise in 1965, until a local ownership group took control and rebuilt the team.[10] The team's first superstar, "Franchise" Floyd Little, was instrumental in keeping the team in Denver, due to his signing in 1967 as well as his Pro Bowl efforts on and off the field. The Broncos were the only original AFL team that never played in the title game, as well as the only original AFL team never to have a winning season while a member of the AFL during the upstart league's 10-year history.[11]

text: In 1972, the Broncos hired former Stanford University coach John Ralston as their head coach. In 1973, he was the UPI's AFC Coach of the Year, after Denver achieved its first winning season at 7–5–2. In five seasons with the Broncos, Ralston guided the team to winning seasons three times. Though Ralston finished the 1976 season with a 9–5 record, the team, as was the case in Ralston's previous winning seasons, still missed the playoffs. Following the season, several prominent players publicly voiced their discontent with Ralston, which soon led to his resignation.[12]

text: Red Miller, a long-time assistant coach was hired and along with the Orange Crush Defense (a nickname originating in the early 1970s, also the brand of the popular orange-flavored soft drink) and aging quarterback Craig Morton, took the Broncos to what was then a record-setting 12–2 regular season record and their first playoff appearance in 1977, and ultimately first Super Bowl, in which they were defeated by the Dallas Cowboys (Morton's former team), 27–10.[13]

text: In 1981, Broncos' owner Gerald Phipps, who had purchased the team in May 1961 from the original owner Bob Howsam, sold the team to Canadian financier Edgar Kaiser Jr., grandson of shipbuilding industrialist Henry J. Kaiser.[14] In 1984, the team was purchased by Pat Bowlen, who placed team ownership into a family trust sometime before 2004 and remained in day-to-day control until his battle with Alzheimer's disease forced him to cede the team to Joe Ellis in 2014.[5][6][15]

text: 1983–1998: John Elway era

text: Dan Reeves became the youngest head coach in the NFL when he joined the Broncos in 1981 as vice president and head coach. Quarterback John Elway, who played college football at Stanford, arrived in 1983 via a trade. Originally drafted by the Baltimore Colts as the first pick of the draft, Elway proclaimed that he would shun football in favor of baseball (he was drafted by the New York Yankees to play center field and was also a pitching prospect), unless he was traded to a selected list of other teams, which included the Broncos.[16] Prior to Elway, the Broncos had over 24 different starting quarterbacks in its 23 seasons to that point.[17]

text: Reeves and Elway guided the Broncos to six post-season appearances, five AFC West divisional titles, three AFC championships and three Super Bowl appearances (Super Bowl XXI, XXII and XXIV) during their 12-year span together. The Broncos lost Super Bowl XXI to the New York Giants, 39–20; Super Bowl XXII to the Washington Redskins, 42–10; and Super Bowl XXIV to the San Francisco 49ers, 55–10; the latter score remains the most lopsided scoring differential in Super Bowl history. The last year of the Reeves-Elway era were marked by feuding, due to Reeves taking on play-calling duties after ousting Elway's favorite offensive coordinator Mike Shanahan after the 1991 season, as well as Reeves drafting quarterback Tommy Maddox out of UCLA instead of going with a wide receiver to help Elway. Reeves was fired after the 1992 season and replaced by his protégé and friend Wade Phillips, who had been serving as the Broncos' defensive coordinator.[18][19][20] Phillips was fired after a mediocre 1994 season, in which management felt he lost control of the team.

text: In 1995, Mike Shanahan, who had formerly served under Reeves as the Broncos' offensive coordinator, returned as head coach. Shanahan drafted rookie running back Terrell Davis. In 1996, the Broncos were the top seed in the AFC with a 13–3 record, dominating most of the teams that year. The fifth-seeded Jacksonville Jaguars, however, upset the Broncos 30–27 in the divisional round of the playoffs, ending the Broncos' 1996 run.[12]

text: During the 1997 season, Elway and Davis helped guide the Broncos to their first Super Bowl victory, a 31–24 win over the defending champion Green Bay Packers in Super Bowl XXXII. Though Elway completed only 13 of 22 passes, throwing one interception and no touchdowns (he did, however, have a rushing touchdown), Davis rushed for 157 yards and a Super Bowl–record three touchdowns to earn the Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award—this while overcoming a severe migraine headache that caused him blurred vision.[21] The Broncos repeated as Super Bowl champions the following season, defeating the Atlanta Falcons (led by Elway's longtime head coach Dan Reeves) in Super Bowl XXXIII, 34–19. Elway was named Super Bowl MVP, completing 18 of 29 passes for 336 yards, with an 80-yard touchdown to wide receiver Rod Smith and one interception.[20]

text: 1999–2011: Post-Elway era

text: John Elway retired following the 1998 season, and Brian Griese started at quarterback for the next four seasons. After a 6–10 record in 1999, the Broncos recovered in 2000, earning a Wild Card playoff berth, but losing to the eventual Super Bowl champion Baltimore Ravens. After missing the playoffs the following two seasons, former Arizona Cardinals' quarterback Jake Plummer replaced Griese in 2003, and led the Broncos to two straight 10–6 seasons, earning Wild Card playoff berths both years. However, the Broncos went on the road to face the Indianapolis Colts in back-to-back seasons and were blown out by more than 20 points in each game, allowing a combined 90 points.[12]

text: Plummer led the Broncos to a 13–3 record in 2005 and their first AFC West division title since 1998. After a first-round bye, the Broncos defeated the defending Super Bowl champion New England Patriots, 27–13, denying New England from becoming the first NFL team ever to win three consecutive Super Bowl championships. The Broncos' playoff run came to an end next week, after losing at home to the Pittsburgh Steelers in the AFC Championship game, 34–17. The Steelers went on to win Super Bowl XL.

text: The Broncos' defense began the first five games of the 2006 season allowing only one touchdown—an NFL record, but struggled down the season stretch. Plummer led the team to a 7–2 record, only to struggle and be replaced by rookie quarterback Jay Cutler. Cutler went 2–3 as a starter, and the Broncos finished with a 9–7 record, losing the tiebreaker to the Kansas City Chiefs for the final playoff spot. Cutler's first full season as a starter in 2007 became the Broncos' first losing season since 1999, with a 7–9 record.

text: The 2008 season ended in a 52–21 loss at the San Diego Chargers, giving the Broncos an 8–8 record and their third straight season out of the playoffs. Mike Shanahan, the longest-tenured and most successful head coach in Broncos' franchise history, was fired after 14 seasons.[22]

text: On January 11, 2009, two weeks after Shanahan was fired, the Broncos hired former New England Patriots' offensive coordinator Josh McDaniels as the team's new head coach.[23] Three months later, the team acquired quarterback Kyle Orton as part of a trade that sent Jay Cutler to the Chicago Bears.

text: Under McDaniels and Orton, the Broncos jumped out to a surprising 6–0 start in 2009. However, the team lost eight of their next ten games, finishing 8–8 for a second consecutive season and missing the playoffs. The next season (2010), the Broncos set a new franchise record for losses in a single season, with a 4–12 record.[24] McDaniels was fired before the end of the 2010 season following a combination of the team's poor record and the fallout from a highly publicized videotaping scandal. Running backs coach Eric Studesville was named interim coach for the final four games of the 2010 season.[25] He chose to start rookie first-round draft choice Tim Tebow at quarterback for the final three games.

text: Following the 2010 season, Joe Ellis was promoted from Chief Operating Officer to team president, while John Elway returned to the organization as the team's Executive Vice President of Football Operations.[26] In addition, the Broncos hired John Fox as the team's 14th head coach. Fox previously served as the Carolina Panthers' head coach from 2002–10.[27]

text: Following a 1–4 start to the 2011 season, Tim Tebow replaced Kyle Orton as the Broncos' starting quarterback, and led the Broncos to an 8–8 record and the team's first playoff berth and division title since 2005. The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Wild Card round on a memorable 80-yard touchdown pass from Tebow to wide receiver Demaryius Thomas on the first play of overtime, setting a record for the fastest overtime in NFL history.[28] However, the Broncos were blown out by the New England Patriots in the Divisional round.[29]

text: 2012–2015: Peyton Manning era

text: In March 2012, the Broncos reached an agreement on a five-year, $96 million contract with former longtime Indianapolis Colts' quarterback Peyton Manning, who had recently missed the entire 2011 season following multiple neck surgeries.[30][31] This resulted in the Broncos subsequently trading incumbent quarterback Tim Tebow to the New York Jets.[32] The Broncos finished with a 13–3 record and the AFC's No. 1 seed in the 2012 playoffs, but were defeated by the Baltimore Ravens in the Divisional round.[33]

text: Like 2012, the Broncos finished with a 13–3 record and the AFC's No. 1 seed in 2013. In the 2013 playoffs, the Broncos defeated the San Diego Chargers in the Divisional round and the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship. However, the Broncos were soundly defeated by the Seattle Seahawks in Super Bowl XLVIII by a score of 43–8, the Broncos' first Super Bowl berth since winning back-to-back Super Bowls in 1997 and 1998.[34]

text: Prior to the start of the 2014 season, the Broncos announced that Pat Bowlen, the team's owner since 1984, relinquished control of the team due to his battle with Alzheimer's disease, resulting in team president Joe Ellis and general manager John Elway assuming control of the team.[15] The Broncos finished the 2014 season with a 12–4 record and the AFC's No. 2 seed. However, the Broncos were defeated by the Indianapolis Colts in the Divisional round of the 2014 playoffs, marking the third time in four seasons that the Broncos lost in the Divisional round of the playoffs. Quarterback Peyton Manning had been playing with strained quadriceps for the final month of the 2014 season.[35]

text: On January 12, 2015, one day after the aforementioned Divisional playoff loss to the Colts, the Broncos and head coach John Fox mutually agreed to part ways.[36] Fox left the Broncos with a .719 winning percentage in his four seasons as the Broncos' head coach—the highest in franchise history.[37] One week later, the Broncos hired Gary Kubiak as the team's 15th head coach. Kubiak served as a backup quarterback to executive vice president/general manager John Elway from 1983–1991, as well as the Broncos' offensive coordinator from 1995–2005.[38] Shortly after Kubiak became head coach, the Broncos underwent numerous changes to their coaching staff, including the hiring of defensive coordinator Wade Phillips, under whom the Broncos' defense ranked No. 1 in the NFL during the 2015 season.[39] The Broncos finished with a 12–4 record and the AFC's No. 1 seed, despite Peyton Manning having his worst statistical season since his rookie year with the Indianapolis Colts in 1998[40] and backup quarterback Brock Osweiler filling in for Manning during the second half of the regular season due to Manning suffering from a foot injury. In the playoffs, the Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers 23–16 in the Divisional Round, the New England Patriots 20–18 in the AFC Championship, and defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 in Super Bowl 50—the Broncos' third Super Bowl title.[41]

text: 2016–present: Defensive era

text: On March 7, 2016, quarterback Peyton Manning retired after 18 NFL seasons during a press conference at the team's Dove Valley headquarters.[42] Following Manning's retirement, the Broncos have undergone changes at the quarterback position, including the free agent departure of backup quarterback Brock Osweiler (who is now back with team after stints with the Texans and Browns) to the Houston Texans, the trade acquisition of Mark Sanchez from the Philadelphia Eagles and the selection of Paxton Lynch during the 2016 draft. Sanchez, Lynch and second-year quarterback Trevor Siemian competed for the starting quarterback spot during the off-season and preseason; however, Sanchez was released and Siemian was named the starter prior to the start of the season. The Broncos finished the season 9–7 and missed the playoffs for the first time since 2010. On January 2, 2017, coach Gary Kubiak announced his retirement, citing health as the main reason for retiring.[43] The Broncos would later hire Vance Joseph to be their new head coach on January 11, 2017.[44][45] The Broncos have since entered the era of their dominant defense consisting of the Ground Control, and the No Fly Zone.

text: Championships

text: Super Bowls

text:
Year
Coach
Super Bowl
Location
Opponent
Score
Record

1997
Mike Shanahan
XXXII
San Diego, CA
Green Bay Packers
31–24
12–4

1998
Mike Shanahan
XXXIII
Miami, FL
Atlanta Falcons
34–19
14–2

2015
Gary Kubiak
50
Santa Clara, CA
Carolina Panthers
24–10
12–4

Total Super Bowl championships won:
3

text: AFC Championships

text:
Year
Coach
Location
Opponent
Score
Record

1977
Red Miller
Denver, CO
Oakland Raiders
20–17
12–2

1986
Dan Reeves
Cleveland, OH
Cleveland Browns
23–20 (OT)
11–5

1987
Dan Reeves
Denver, CO
Cleveland Browns
38–33
10–4–1

1989
Dan Reeves
Denver, CO
Cleveland Browns
37–21
11–5

1997
Mike Shanahan
Pittsburgh, PA
Pittsburgh Steelers
24–21
12–4

1998
Mike Shanahan
Denver, CO
New York Jets
23–10
14–2

2013
John Fox
Denver, CO
New England Patriots
26–16
13–3

2015
Gary Kubiak
Denver, CO
New England Patriots
20–18
12–4

Total AFC Championships won:
8

text: Rivalries

text: Divisional

text: The Denver Broncos have three AFC West rivals—the Kansas City Chiefs, Los Angeles Chargers and Oakland Raiders. All teams, along with the Broncos, were charter members of the American Football League (AFL), with each team placed in the AFL Western Division. The Broncos were barely competitive during the AFL years (1960–69), going a combined 10–49–1 against the Chiefs, Chargers and Raiders.

text: Kansas City Chiefs

text: The Broncos have had several memorable matchups with the Chiefs, particularly during the years in which John Elway was the Broncos' starting quarterback (1983–98). The Broncos defeated the Chiefs at Arrowhead Stadium in the divisional round of the 1997 NFL playoffs, en route to their first Super Bowl victory. The Chiefs currently hold a 60–55 series lead over the Broncos, including the aforementioned 1997 divisional playoff game.

text: Oakland Raiders

text: The rivalry with the Raiders was ignited in 1977, when the Broncos advanced to their first Super Bowl by defeating the defending champion Raiders in the 1977 AFC Championship. The rivalry intensified in the mid-1990s, when Mike Shanahan was hired as the Broncos' head coach in 1995. Shanahan coached the Raiders in 1988 before being fired four games into the 1989 season. The Raiders currently hold a 62–52–2 series lead over the Broncos, including 1–1 in the playoffs.

text: San Diego/Los Angeles Chargers

text: Unlike their records against the Chiefs and Raiders, the Broncos currently have a winning record against the Chargers, with a 65–51–1 series lead, including 1–0 in the playoffs. The Broncos pulled off one of the largest comebacks in Monday Night Football history, when Peyton Manning led the Broncos from a 24–0 halftime deficit to a 35–24 win at San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium during the 2012 season. The two teams met in the playoffs for the first time on January 12, 2014, at Denver's Sports Authority Field at Mile High, with the Broncos winning 24–17.

text: Seattle Seahawks

text: The Broncos had an old rivalry with the Seattle Seahawks, who were members of the AFC West from 1977–2001, prior to the Seahawks' move to the NFC West as part of the NFL's 2002 re-alignment.[46] During the 25 years in which the Seahawks resided in the AFC West, the Broncos went 32–18 against the Seahawks, including a loss at Seattle in the 1983 NFL playoffs. Since 2002, the two teams have split four interconference meetings,[47] and the two teams met in Super Bowl XLVIII on February 2, 2014, with the Seahawks winning by a score of 43–8.[48]

text: Historical

text: Aside from the aforementioned AFC West teams, the Broncos have had intra-conference rivalries over the years with the Cleveland Browns, Pittsburgh Steelers and New England Patriots.

text: Cleveland Browns

text: The Broncos had a brief rivalry with the Browns that arose from three AFC championship matches from 1986–89. In the 1986 AFC Championship, quarterback John Elway led The Drive to secure a tie in the waning moments at Cleveland Municipal Stadium; the Broncos went on to win in 23–20 in overtime.[49] One year later, the two teams met again in the 1987 AFC Championship at Mile High Stadium. Denver took a 21–3 lead, but Browns' quarterback Bernie Kosar threw four touchdown passes to tie the game at 31–31 halfway through the 4th quarter. After a long drive, John Elway threw a 20-yard touchdown pass to running back Sammy Winder to give Denver a 38–31 lead. Cleveland advanced to Denver's 8-yard line with 1:12 left, but Broncos' safety Jeremiah Castille stripped Browns' running back Earnest Byner of the football at the 2-yard line—a play that has been called The Fumble by Browns' fans. The Broncos recovered it, gave Cleveland an intentional safety, and went on to win 38–33.[50] The two teams met yet again in the 1989 AFC Championship at Mile High Stadium, which the Broncos easily won by a score of 37–21.[51] Interestingly, the Broncos would not win the Super Bowl after any of the championship games where they beat the Browns.

text: Pittsburgh Steelers

text: As of the end of the 2015 season, the Broncos have met the Steelers in postseason play eight times, more than any other NFL team, with the Broncos owning a 5–3 playoff record vs. the Steelers.[52] Perhaps the most memorable postseason matchup occurred in the 1997 AFC Championship, in which the Broncos defeated the Steelers 24–21 at Three Rivers Stadium, en route to their first Super Bowl victory. Eight years later, the Steelers returned the favor at INVESCO Field at Mile High, defeating the Broncos 34–17 in the 2005 AFC Championship, and subsequently won Super Bowl XL.[53] In the Wild Card round of the 2011 playoffs, the Broncos stunned the Steelers 29–23 on the first play of overtime, when quarterback Tim Tebow connected with wide receiver Demaryius Thomas on an 80-yard game-winning touchdown pass.[54] The teams met again in the Divisional round of the 2015 playoffs at Denver, where the Broncos defeated the Steelers 23–16 on their way to a victory in Super Bowl 50.[55]

text: New England Patriots

text: The Broncos and Patriots met twice annually during the American Football League (AFL) years from 1960–69, and played in the first-ever AFL game on September 9, 1960.[56] Since 1995, the two teams have met frequently during the regular season, including nine consecutive seasons from 1995–2003.[57] As of the end of the 2015 season, the two teams have met in the playoffs five times, with the Broncos owning a 4–1 record.[58] The teams' first playoff match on January 4, 1987 was John Elway's first career playoff win,[59] while the teams' second playoff match on January 14, 2006 game was the Broncos' first playoff win since Elway's retirement after the 1998 season.[60] The game was also notable for Champ Bailey's 100-yard interception that resulted in a touchdown-saving tackle by Benjamin Watson at the 1-yard line.[61] On October 11, 2009, the two teams met with former Patriots' offensive coordinator, Josh McDaniels as the Broncos' head coach. Both teams wore their AFL 50th anniversary jerseys.[62] The game featured a 98-yard drive in the fourth quarter, with a game-tying touchdown pass from Kyle Orton to Brandon Marshall, followed by an overtime drive led by Orton that resulted in a 41-yard game-winning field goal by Matt Prater.[63] The two teams met in the Divisional round of the 2011 playoffs, with the Patriots blowing out Tim Tebow and the Broncos by a score of 45–10.[29] The Broncos' rivalry with the Patriots later intensified when longtime Indianapolis Colts' quarterback Peyton Manning became the Broncos' starting quarterback from 2012–15. Manning and Patriots' quarterback Tom Brady maintained a legendary rivalry from 2001[64] until Manning's retirement after the 2015 season.[65] Though Brady dominated Manning in regular season play, winning nine of twelve meetings, Manning won three of five playoff meetings, the last of which was a Broncos' 20–18 win in the 2015 AFC Championship.[66]

text: Logos and uniforms

text: When the Broncos debuted in 1960, their original uniforms drew as much attention as their play on the field. They featured white and mustard yellow jerseys, with contrasting brown helmets, brown pants and vertically striped socks. Two years later, the team unveiled a new logo featuring a bucking horse, and changed their team colors to orange, royal blue and white. The 1962 uniform consisted of white pants, orange helmets, and either orange or white jerseys.[67]

text: In 1968, the Broncos debuted a design that became known as the "Orange Crush." Their logo was redesigned so that the horse was coming out of a "D." Additionally, the helmets were changed to royal blue, with thin stripes placed onto the sleeves, and other minor modifications were added. From 1969–1971, and again from 1978–79, the team wore orange pants with their white jerseys.[68]

text: The Broncos wore their white jerseys at home throughout the 1971 season, as well as for 1980 home games vs. the San Diego Chargers and Dallas Cowboys, the latter in hopes to bring out the "blue jersey jinx" which has followed the Cowboys for decades (it worked, the Broncos won 41–20). The Broncos wore their white jerseys for 1983 home games vs. the Philadelphia Eagles, Los Angeles Raiders and Cincinnati Bengals, but would not wear white at home again for two decades — see next section.[68][69]

text: In 1994, in honor of the 75th anniversary season of the NFL, the Broncos wore their 1965 throwback uniforms for two games—a Week 3 home game against the Raiders, as well a road game at the Buffalo Bills the following week.[68]

text: The Broncos radically changed their logo and uniforms in 1997, a design that the team continues to use to this day. The new logos and uniforms were unveiled on February 4, 1997.[70] Navy blue replaced royal blue on the team's color scheme. The current logo is a profile of a horse's head, with an orange mane and navy blue outlines.[71] The Broncos' popular live animal mascot Thunder was the inspiration to incorporate a horse-head profile as part of the logo on the team's helmets.[72] During a February 4, 1997 press conference introducing the new logo, the team president and the art director for Nike, who were the creators of the new design, described it as "a powerful horse with a fiery eye and mane."[73]

text: The Broncos began wearing navy blue jerseys, replacing their longtime orange jerseys that had been the team's predominant home jersey color since 1962. This new uniform design features a new word mark, numbering font and a streak that runs up and down the sides of both the jerseys and the pants. On the navy blue jerseys, the streak is orange, with an orange collar and white numerals trimmed in orange, while on the road white jerseys, the streak is navy blue, with a thin orange accent strip on both sides, a navy collar and navy numerals trimmed in orange. When they debuted, these uniforms were vilified by the press and fans, until the Broncos won their first ever Super Bowl in the new design that same season. The navy blue jerseys served as the team's primary home jersey until the end of the 2011 season — see next section.[71]

text: In 2002, the Broncos introduced an alternate orange jersey that is a mirror image of the aforementioned navy blue jerseys, but with orange and navy trading places. Like the road white jerseys, the white pants with the navy blue streaks running down the sides are worn with this uniform. This jersey was used only once in the 2002 and 2004 seasons, and were used twice per season from 2008–2011. Mike Shanahan, the team's head coach from 1995–2008, was not a big fan of the alternate orange jerseys.[74] The Broncos previously wore orange jerseys as a throwback uniform in a Thanksgiving Day game at the Dallas Cowboys in 2001.[75]

text: The team also introduced navy blue pants in 2003, with orange side streaks to match with the navy blue jerseys. Though they were part of the uniform change in 1997 (in fact, they were worn for a couple of 1997 preseason games) and most players wanted to wear them, the only player who vetoed wearing them was John Elway, thereby delaying their eventual introduction.[76] From 2003–2011, these pants were primarily used for select prime-time and late-season home games (excluding the 2008 season), and since 2012, are used exclusively with the now-alternate navy blue jerseys — see next section.

text: On November 16, 2003, the Broncos wore their white jerseys at home for the first time since 1983, in a game vs. the San Diego Chargers. This was compensation for a uniform mix-up, after the teams' first meeting at San Diego's Qualcomm Stadium in Week 2 earlier that season, when the Chargers were the team that was supposed to declare their uniform color. The Chargers were planning to wear their white jerseys, but the visiting Broncos came to the stadium in white, and were fined $25,000 by the NFL as a result. When the two teams met at INVESCO Field at Mile High later that season (Week 11), the NFL allowed the visiting Chargers to choose their uniform color in advance, and they chose navy blue, forcing the Broncos to wear their white jerseys at home.[76]

text: In 2009, in honor of their 50th anniversary season as one of the eight original American Football League teams, the Broncos wore their 1960 throwback uniforms (brown helmets, mustard yellow and brown jerseys) for games against two fellow AFL rivals—a Week 5 home game vs. the New England Patriots, as well as the following week at the San Diego Chargers.[77][78]

text: Beginning in 2012, the orange jerseys that served as the alternate colored jerseys from 2002–2011 became the primary home jersey, while the navy blue jerseys that served as the primary home jersey from 1997–2011 switched to alternate designation. The change was made due to overwhelming popularity with the fans, who pressured the Broncos to return to orange as the team's primary home jersey color.[71] Since the 2012 uniform change, the team has worn the alternate navy blue jerseys for at least one home game per season, with the exception of 2013, in which the Broncos wore their alternate navy blue uniforms for an October 6, 2013 road game at the Dallas Cowboys.[79] The team will either wear the navy blue or the white pants — with the orange side stripes — to match with the alternate navy blue jerseys. The team initially did not wear the white pants with the orange side stripes, until a November 1, 2015 game vs. the Green Bay Packers, in which the Broncos wore said design in order to match the uniform ensemble that was used during the team's Super Bowl XXXII win over the Packers.[80]

text: As the designated home team in Super Bowl 50, the Broncos — who have an 0–4 Super Bowl record when using their standard orange jerseys — chose to wear their white jerseys as the designated "home" team.[81]

text: In 2016, the Broncos' unveiled a new Color Rush uniform, which the team wore for a Thursday Night game at the San Diego Chargers on October 13, 2016. The uniform kit contained the following features: orange pants, which the team wore for the first time since 1979, orange socks and shoes, along with block-style numerals trimmed in navy blue that mirrored the team's 1968–1996 uniform style. Due to the NFL's one-helmet rule implemented in 2013, the helmets remained the same, with the team temporarily replacing the modern primary logo with the throwback "D-horse" logo.[82]

text: Uniforms in the Super Bowl

text:
Super Bowl
Opponent
Favorite
Jersey Color
Result

XII
Dallas Cowboys
Cowboys by 6

L 10–27

XXI
New York Giants
Giants by 9.5

L 20–39

XXII
Washington Redskins
Broncos by 3

L 10–42

XXIV
San Francisco 49ers
49ers by 12

L 10–55

XXXII
Green Bay Packers
Packers by 11

W 31–24

XXXIII
Atlanta Falcons
Broncos by 7.5

W 34–19

XLVIII
Seattle Seahawks
Broncos by 2

L 8–43

50
Carolina Panthers
Panthers by 5.5

W 24–10

text: Home field

text: For most of their history, the Denver Broncos played in Mile High Stadium. The AFL Broncos played at the University of Denver's Hilltop Stadium from time to time, including the first-ever victory of an AFL team over an NFL team: The Broncos beat the Detroit Lions on August 5, 1967, in a preseason game. The team has sold out every home game (including post-season games) since the AFL–NFL merger in 1970, with the exception of two replacement games during the 1987 strike (but both were sold out before the strike).

text: During home games, the attendance is announced to the crowd, along with the number of no-shows (the fans subsequently boo the no-shows). The fans are also known to chant "IN-COM-PLETE!" every time the visiting team throws an incomplete pass.[83] The stadium's legendary home-field advantage is regarded as one of the best in the NFL, especially during the playoffs. The Broncos had the best home record in pro football over a 32-year span from 1974–2006 (191–65–1). Mile High Stadium was one of the NFL's loudest stadiums, with steel flooring instead of concrete, which may have given the Broncos an advantage over opponents, plus the advantage of altitude conditioning for the Broncos. In 2001, the team moved into Invesco Field at Mile High, built next to the former site of the since-demolished Mile High Stadium. Sportswriter Woody Paige, along with many of Denver's fans, however, often refuse to call the new stadium by its full name, preferring to use "Mile High Stadium" because of its storied history and sentimental import. Additionally, The Denver Post had an official policy of referring to the stadium as simply "Mile High Stadium" in protest, but dropped this policy in 2004.[84]

text: Prior to the 2011 season, Englewood, Colorado-based sporting goods retailer Sports Authority claimed the naming rights of Invesco Field, which became known as Sports Authority Field at Mile High.[85][86] However, in the summer of 2016, Sports Authority went bankrupt, and the Broncos have been seeking a new corporate sponsor for their stadium ever since.[87]

text: The altitude has also been attributed as part of the team's home success. The stadium displays multiple references to the stadium's location of 5,280 feet (1.000 mi) above sea level, including a prominent mural just outside the visiting team's locker room. The team training facility, the UCHealth Training Center (formerly known as the Paul D. Bowlen Memorial Broncos Centre), is a state-of-the-art facility located in Dove Valley, Colorado. With 13.5 acres of property, the facility hosts three full-size fields, a complete weight and training facility, and a cafeteria.[88][89]

text: In their more than half-century of existence, the Broncos have never been shut out at home, a streak of over 400 games as of the 2016 season.[90]

text: In late 2012, the Broncos announced that the stadium will receive $30 million upgrades including a new video board in the south end zone that is planned to be three times larger than the previous display. The renovations were finished before kickoff of the 2013 season.[91]

text: Statistics

text: Season-by-season records

text: Players of note

text: Current roster

text:
Denver Broncos roster

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talk
edit

Quarterbacks

12 Paxton Lynch
17 Brock Osweiler
13 Trevor Siemian

Running backs

22 C. J. Anderson
23 Devontae Booker
28 Jamaal Charles
33 De'Angelo Henderson
32 Andy Janovich FB

Wide receivers

16 Bennie Fowler
14 Cody Latimer
84 Isaiah McKenzie
10 Emmanuel Sanders
87 Jordan Taylor
88 Demaryius Thomas

Tight ends

83 A. J. Derby
85 Virgil Green
82 Jeff Heuerman

Offensive linemen

73 Allen Barbre G
72 Garett Bolles T
76 Max Garcia G
65 Ronald Leary G
60 Connor McGovern C
61 Matt Paradis C
71 Donald Stephenson T
75 Menelik Watson T
68 Elijah Wilkinson T

Defensive linemen

99 Adam Gotsis DE
96 Shelby Harris DE
92 Zach Kerr DE
94 Domata Peko NT
95 Derek Wolfe DE

Linebackers

50 Zaire Anderson ILB
48 Shaquil Barrett OLB
51 Todd Davis ILB
91 Kasim Edebali OLB
41 Jerrol Garcia-Williams ILB
54 Brandon Marshall ILB
58 Von Miller OLB
56 Shane Ray OLB
45 Kevin Snyder ILB
57 DeMarcus Walker OLB

Defensive backs

20 Jamal Carter SS
37 Lorenzo Doss CB
25 Chris Harris Jr. CB
27 Brendan Langley CB
34 Will Parks FS
29 Bradley Roby CB
31 Justin Simmons SS
26 Darian Stewart FS
21 Aqib Talib CB

Special teams

 9 Riley Dixon P
42 Casey Kreiter LS
 8 Brandon McManus K

Reserve lists

80 Jake Butt TE (NF-Inj.)
93 Jared Crick DE (IR)
11 Carlos Henderson WR (IR)
 6 Chad Kelly QB (NF-Inj.)
52 Corey Nelson ILB (IR)
77 Billy Turner G (IR)
97 Billy Winn DE (IR)

Practice squad

64 Gabe Ikard C
98 Tyrique Jarrett NT
53 Deiontrez Mount OLB
81 Tim Patrick WR
90 Kyle Peko NT
38 Marcus Rios CB
15 Hunter Sharp WR
35 Dymonte Thomas S
86 Austin Traylor TE
30 Jonathan Williams RB

Rookies in italics
Roster updated November 1, 2017
Depth chart • Transactions
53 Active, 7 Inactive, 10 Practice squad
→ AFC rosters → NFC rosters

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Retired numbers

text:
Denver Broncos retired numbers

No.
Player
Position
Career

7
John Elway
QB
1983–98

18
Frank Tripucka
Peyton Manning
QB
1960–63
2012–15 †

44
Floyd Little
RB
1967–75

text: † Note: No. 18 was re-issued for Peyton Manning after Tripucka gave his approval; it was used by Manning from the 2012 season until his retirement after the 2015 season.[92] Manning's name was added to the retired number's banner as an honorable mention.[93][94][95]

text: Pro Football Hall of Famers

text:
Denver Broncos Hall of Famers

No.
Name
Position(s)
Season(s)
Inducted

24
Brown, WillieWillie Brown
CB
1963–66
1984

30
Davis, TerrellTerrell Davis
RB
1995–2001
2017

33
Dorsett, TonyTony Dorsett
RB
1988
1994

7
Elway, JohnJohn Elway
QB
General Manager
1983–98
2011–present
2004

65
Zimmerman, GaryGary Zimmerman
OT
1993–97
2008

44
Little, FloydFloyd Little
RB
1967–75
2010

84
Sharpe, ShannonShannon Sharpe
TE
1990–99,
2002–03
2011

text: Ring of Fame

text: The Broncos have a Ring of Fame on the Level 5 façade of Sports Authority Field at Mile High, which honors the following:

text:
Denver Broncos Ring of Fame

No.
Name
Position(s)
Seasons
Inducted

23
Goose Gonsoulin
S
1960–66
1984

87
Rich Jackson
DE
1967–72
1984

44
Floyd Little
RB
1967–75
1984

87
Lionel Taylor
WR
1960–66
1984

–
Gerald Phipps
Owner
1961–81
1985

12
Charley Johnson
QB
1972–75
1986

70
Paul Smith
DE
1968–78
1986

18
Frank Tripucka
QB
1960–63
1986

36
Billy Thompson
S
1969–81
1987

7
Craig Morton
QB
1977–82
1988

25
Haven Moses
WR
1972–81
1988

15
Jim Turner
PK
1971–79
1988

53
Randy Gradishar
LB
1974–83
1989

57
Tom Jackson
LB
1973–86
1992

20
Louis Wright
CB
1975–86
1993

7
John Elway
QB
General manager
1983–98
2011–present
1999

77
Karl Mecklenburg
LB
1983–95
2001

49
Dennis Smith
S
1981–94
2001

65
Gary Zimmerman
OT
1993–97
2003

27
Steve Atwater
S
1989–98
2005

30
Terrell Davis
RB
1995–2001
2007

84
Shannon Sharpe
TE
1990–99, 2002–03
2009

80
Rod Smith
WR
1994–2006
2012

66
Tom Nalen
C
1994–2007
2013

21
Gene Mingo
RB, K, RS
1960–64
2014

–
Dan Reeves
Head coach
1981–92
2014

80
Rick Upchurch
WR, RS
1975–83
2014

–
Pat Bowlen
Owner
1984–present
2015

1
Jason Elam
PK
1993–2007
2016

73
Simon Fletcher
LB/DE
1985–95
2016

47
John Lynch
S
2004–07
2016

—
Red Miller
Head coach
1977–80
2017

text: Super Bowl MVPs

text:
Super Bowl MVP Winners

SB
Player
Position

XXXII
Terrell Davis
RB

XXXIII
John Elway
QB

50
Von Miller
LB

text: Colorado Sports Hall of Fame

text: Staff

text: Head coaches

text: Current staff

text:
Denver Broncos staff

v
t
e

Front Office

Owner – The Pat Bowlen Trust
President/Chairman/CEO – Joe Ellis
President of Football Operations/General Manager – John Elway
Director of Football Administration – Mike Sullivan
Director of Player Personnel – Matt Russell
Senior Personnel Advisor – Tom Heckert Jr.
Senior Personnel Advisor – Gary Kubiak
Director of Pro Personnel – A.J. Durso
Director of College Scouting – Brian Stark
Director of Football Analytics – Mitch Tanney

Head Coaches

Head Coach – Vance Joseph
Assistant Head Coach/Running Backs – Eric Studesville
Assistant to Head Coach – Phil Rauscher

Offensive Coaches

Offensive Coordinator – Mike McCoy
Quarterbacks – Bill Musgrave
Wide Receivers – Tyke Tolbert
Tight Ends – Geep Chryst
Offensive Line – Jeff Davidson
Assistant Offensive Line – Chris Strausser
Offensive Assistant/Quarterbacks – Klint Kubiak
Offensive Quality Control – Christopher Kragthorpe

Defensive Coaches

Defensive Coordinator – Joe Woods
Defensive Line – Bill Kollar
Linebackers – Reggie Herring
Outside Linebackers – Fred Pagac
Secondary – Marcus Robertson
Assistant Secondary – Johnnie Lynn
Defensive Assistant – Chris Beake
Defensive Quality Control – Charles Gordon

Special Teams Coaches

Special Teams Coordinator – Brock Olivo
Assistant Special Teams – Chris Gould

Strength and Conditioning

Strength and Conditioning – Luke Richesson
Assistant Strength and Conditioning – Mike Eubanks
Assistant Strength and Conditioning – Anthony Lomando
Assistant Strength and Conditioning – Cedric Smith

→ Coaching Staff
→ Management
→ More NFL staffs

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Radio and television

text: The Broncos' flagship radio station is currently KOA, 850AM, a 50,000-watt station owned by Clear Channel Communications. Dave Logan is the play-by-play announcer, with former Broncos' wide receiver Ed McCaffrey serving as the color commentator beginning in 2012, replacing Brian Griese.[96] Until 2010, preseason games not selected for airing on national television were shown on KCNC, channel 4, which is a CBS owned-and-operated station, as well as other CBS affiliates around the Rocky Mountain region. On May 26, 2011, the Broncos announced that KUSA channel 9, an NBC affiliate also known as 9NEWS in the Rocky Mountain region, will be the team's new television partner for preseason games.[97]

text: In 2011, the Broncos began a partnership with KJMN, 92.1 FM, a leading Spanish language radio station owned by Entravision Communications (EVC). The partnership also includes broadcasting rights for a half-hour weekly TV show on KCEC, the local Univision affiliate operated by Entravision Communications.[97]

text: Notable fans and in the media

text:
Tim McKernan, a.k.a. Barrel Man, began wearing a barrel in 1977 after making a $10 bet with his brother, Scott, that by wearing one he could get on television. McKernan won the bet, and the barrel he had painted to look like an Orange Crush soda can became his signature costume, and resulted in him becoming one of the Broncos' most recognized fans and a popular mascot. McKernan died on December 5, 2009.[98]
The animated television show South Park, set in Park County, Colorado, often mentions the Denver Broncos; show creators Trey Parker and Matt Stone both grew up in Colorado as devout Broncos fans.[99]
In The Simpsons episode "You Only Move Twice", Hank Scorpio gives Homer Simpson the Denver Broncos as a thank-you gift for helping him. Homer complains that he wanted to own the Dallas Cowboys, as the Broncos team that just arrived are playing very sloppy football on his front lawn (a reference to the team losing four Super Bowl appearances, three by significant margins including Super Bowl XII against Dallas). Incidentally, the Broncos were 13–3 in the 1996 season, and won the Super Bowl the next 2 seasons. In the episode, "The Bonfire of the Manatees", Homer picks the Broncos to win the Super Bowl over the Seattle Seahawks. The two teams later did play against each other in Super Bowl XLVIII which aired on Fox, the U.S. home of The Simpsons.
In the Mork & Mindy episode "Hold That Mork", Mork's character, played by Robin Williams, became the first male cheerleader in Broncos' history. As a member of the "Pony Express", he trotted out on the field at Mile High Stadium during an actual Broncos' game vs. the New England Patriots on November 11, 1979. The episode aired exactly two weeks later.[100]
Many former Broncos are now in broadcasting, including Shannon Sharpe, Mark Schlereth, Alfred Williams, Tom Jackson, Ed McCaffrey, Brian Griese, David Diaz-Infante, Terrell Davis and John Lynch.


document_title: James Hewitt

question_text: who is the well spoken man on top gear

question_tokens: who is the well spoken man on top gear

root

text: James Hewitt

text: Early life[edit]

text: Hewitt was born in Derry, Northern Ireland,[3] and grew up in Kent[1] and Devon. He was educated at Millfield, a public school, in Street, Somerset.[4]

tag: p

text: Career[edit]

text: Military career[edit]

text: Having attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, Hewitt was commissioned into the Life Guards, British Army, on 8 April 1978 as a second lieutenant.[5] He was promoted to lieutenant on 8 April 1980.[6] He transferred from a short service commission to a special regular commission on 1 October 1981.[7] He was promoted to captain on 8 October 1984.[8] On 21 October 1985, he transferred from a special regular commission to a regular commission.[9] In 1991, he served as a Challenger tank commander in the Gulf War.[10] He was mentioned in despatches 'in recognition of service during the operation in the Gulf' in June 1991.[11] He failed the exam for promotion to major three times.[10] The rank of Major was conferred on Hewitt after he had retired.

text: On 1 March 1994, he was retired from the British Army after 17 years' military service.[12]

text: Business and media career[edit]

text: Hewitt opened a golf driving range in 1994.[1] He opened The Polo House, a bar in the fashionable Golden Mile of Marbella, Spain, in 2009.[10] It closed in 2013.

text: In 2006, Hewitt appeared as a contestant in The X Factor: Battle of the Stars, the celebrity version of The X Factor, in a duo with Rebecca Loos.[13] He also appeared in the first episode of Top Gear UK's Series 8 in May of the same year to participate with other celebrities in setting power lap times around the Top Gear Test Track in the show's newest "reasonably priced car": when the presenters seemingly did not recognise him upon his arrival, they were apparently too embarrassed to admit as much, and rather than ask him his name, they listed his lap time as "Well Spoken Man".[14]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In 1994, six months after his retirement from the military, Anna Pasternak published the book Princess in Love. Hewitt was a major source, and it alleged that Hewitt had had a five-year affair with Princess Diana,[10] from 1986 to 1991.[15] Diana confirmed the affair in her 1995 Panorama interview.

text: In 1996, the film Princess in Love by David Greene was released, based on the book. Julie Cox and Christopher Villiers were the actress and the actor who played Diana and Hewitt respectively.[16]

text: Hewitt had considered committing suicide after his affair with Diana ended. He was preparing for a trip to France, and he wanted to shoot himself. He said, "I got in my car and loaded a few things up to get on the ferry to go to France – to shoot myself .... And then my mother insisted on coming with me. And, if she hadn't, I would have probably shot myself. So I owe her my life really".[17]

text: Persistent suggestions have been made in the media that Hewitt, and not Charles, is the biological father of Prince Harry. Hewitt stated to the press in 2002 that Harry had already been born by the time Hewitt and Diana began their affair, a statement also made by Diana's police bodyguard.[18] He reiterated this in an interview in 2017.[19]

text: In 2003, Hewitt tried to sell his 64 personal letters from Diana for £10 million.[1][20] The act of selling the letters was considered to be a betrayal of trust, and Sarah, Duchess of York, condemned his action. She was reported to have said, "Betrayal, I think is the most horrible, horrible, disloyal thing you can do to anyone".[21]

text: In July 2004, Hewitt was arrested outside a restaurant in Fulham with Alison Bell, a CNN journalist, for the possession of cocaine.[22] A drunken Hewitt had 0.36 grams (0.013 oz) of cocaine in his pocket. He was given a warning, and Bell was released without charge. As a result, he was refused reinstatement of his firearms licences because of his "intemperate habits" after police found a disassembled 16-bore shotgun on his living room floor.[23]

text: On 14 May 2017, it was reported that Hewitt had suffered from both a heart attack and stroke, leaving him fighting for his life in hospital.[24][25][26]


document_title: List of Major League Baseball career hits leaders

question_text: who is the all time hits leader in baseball

text: Players with 2,000 or more hits[edit]

text:
Bold denotes active player[a]
Current season total in parentheses
† denotes player has been inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame
Stats are updated as of September 18th, 2017.

tag: ul

text:
Rank
Player
Hits

1
Pete Rose†
4,256

2
Ty Cobb †[b]
4,191

3
Hank Aaron †
3,771

4
Stan Musial †
3,630

5
Tris Speaker †
3,514

6
Derek Jeter
3,465

7
Honus Wagner †
3,430

8
Carl Yastrzemski †
3,419

9
Paul Molitor †
3,319

10
Eddie Collins †
3,314

11
Willie Mays †
3,283

12
Eddie Murray †
3,255

13
Nap Lajoie †
3,252

14
Cal Ripken, Jr. †
3,184

15
George Brett †
3,154

16
Paul Waner †
3,152

17
Robin Yount †
3,142

18
Tony Gwynn †
3,141

19
Alex Rodriguez
3,115

20
Dave Winfield †
3,110

21
Ichiro Suzuki (48)
3,078

22
Craig Biggio †
3,060

23
Rickey Henderson †
3,055

24
Rod Carew †
3,053

25
Adrián Beltré (96)
3,038

26
Lou Brock †
3,023

27
Rafael Palmeiro
3,020

28
Cap Anson †[c]
3,011

29
Wade Boggs †
3,010

30
Al Kaline †
3,007

31
Roberto Clemente †
3,000

32
Sam Rice †
2,987

33
Sam Crawford †
2,961

34
Albert Pujols (133)
2,958

35
Frank Robinson †
2,943

36
Barry Bonds
2,935

37
Willie Keeler †
2,932

38
Jake Beckley †
2,930

Rogers Hornsby †
2,930

40
Al Simmons †
2,927

41
Zack Wheat †
2,884

42
Frankie Frisch †
2,880

43
Omar Vizquel
2,877

44
Mel Ott †
2,876

45
Babe Ruth †
2,873

46
Harold Baines
2,866

47
Jesse Burkett †
2,850

48
Brooks Robinson †
2,848

49
Iván Rodríguez †
2,844

50
Charlie Gehringer †
2,839

51
George Sisler †
2,812

52
Ken Griffey Jr. †
2,781

53
Andre Dawson †
2,774

54
Johnny Damon
2,769

55
Vada Pinson
2,757

56
Luke Appling †
2,749

57
Al Oliver
2,743

58
Goose Goslin †
2,735

59
Tony Pérez †
2,732

60
Chipper Jones
2,726

61
Roberto Alomar †
2,724

62
Lou Gehrig †
2,721

63
Carlos Beltrán (104)
2,721

64
Rusty Staub
2,716

65
Bill Buckner
2,715

66
Dave Parker
2,712

67
Billy Williams †
2,711

68
Doc Cramer
2,705

69
Gary Sheffield
2,689

70
Luis Aparicio †
2,677

71
Fred Clarke †
2,672

tag: table

text:
Rank
Player
Hits

72
Max Carey †
2,665

73
Nellie Fox †
2,663

George Davis †
2,660

Harry Heilmann †
2,660

76
Ted Williams †
2,654

77
Jimmie Foxx †
2,646

78
Lave Cross
2,645

79
Miguel Cabrera (111)
2,630

80
Rabbit Maranville †
2,605

Tim Raines †
2,605

82
Steve Garvey
2,599

83
Ed Delahanty †
2,596

Luis González
2,591

85
Vladimir Guerrero
2,590

86
Julio Franco
2,586

87
Reggie Jackson †
2,584

88
Ernie Banks †
2,583

89
Richie Ashburn †
2,574

Manny Ramirez
2,574

91
Willie Davis
2,561

92
Steve Finley
2,548

93
George Van Haltren
2,539

94
Garret Anderson
2,529

95
Heinie Manush †
2,524

96
Todd Helton
2,519

97
Joe Morgan †
2,517

98
Buddy Bell
2,514

99
Jimmy Ryan
2,512

100
Mickey Vernon
2,495

101
Fred McGriff
2,490

102
David Ortiz
2,472

Ted Simmons
2,472

104
Joe Medwick †
2,471

105
Bobby Abreu
2,470

106
Frank Thomas †
2,468

107
Roger Connor †
2,467

108
Harry Hooper †
2,466

109
Jeff Kent
2,461

110
Ozzie Smith †
2,460

111
Lloyd Waner †
2,459

112
Bill Dahlen
2,457

113
Jimmy Rollins
2,455

114
Jim Rice †
2,452

Torii Hunter
2,452

116
Red Schoendienst †
2,449

117
Dwight Evans
2,446

118
Mark Grace
2,445

119
Kenny Lofton
2,428

120
Pie Traynor
2,416

121
Mickey Mantle †
2,415

122
Sammy Sosa
2,408

123
Miguel Tejada
2,407

124
Stuffy McInnis
2,405

125
Ryne Sandberg †
2,386

126
Enos Slaughter †
2,383

127
Chili Davis
2,380

128
Edd Roush †
2,376

129
Brett Butler
2,375

Michael Young
2,375

131
Lou Whitaker
2,369

132
Alan Trammell
2,365

133
Robinson Canó (154)
2,364

134
Carlton Fisk †
2,356

135
Joe Judge
2,352

136
Orlando Cepeda †
2,351

137
Billy Herman †
2,345

138
Joe Torre †
2,342

139
Paul Konerko
2,340

Barry Larkin †
2,340

141
Bernie Williams
2,336

142
Andrés Galarraga
2,333

text:
Rank
Player
Hits

143
Jim Thome
2,328

144
Édgar Rentería
2,327

145
Dave Concepción
2,326

Jake Daubert
2,326

B. J. Surhoff
2,326

148
Eddie Mathews †
2,315

149
Jeff Bagwell †
2,314

150
Jim Bottomley †
2,313

151
Bobby Wallace †
2,309

152
Jim O'Rourke †
2,304

153
Kirby Puckett †
2,304

154
Aramis Ramírez
2,303

155
Charlie Grimm
2,299

Kiki Cuyler †
2,299

157
Dan Brouthers †
2,296

158
Hugh Duffy †
2,292

159
Joe Cronin †
2,285

160
Gary Gaetti
2,280

161
Tony Fernández
2,276

162
Carlos Lee
2,273

163
Jimmy Dykes
2,256

164
Willie McGee
2,254

Ron Santo †
2,254

166
Patsy Donovan
2,253

167
Tommy Corcoran
2,252

168
José Cruz
2,251

Marquis Grissom
2,251

170
Bid McPhee †
2,250

171
Bert Campaneris
2,249

172
Edgar Martínez
2,247

173
John Olerud
2,239

174
Mike Schmidt †
2,234

175
Willie Stargell †
2,232

176
Fred Tenney
2,231

177
Joe Sewell †
2,226

178
Graig Nettles
2,225

179
Darrell Evans
2,223

180
Joe Kelley †
2,220

181
Juan Pierre
2,217

182
Joe DiMaggio †
2,214

183
Joe Kuhel
2,212

184
Willie McCovey †
2,211

185
Willie Randolph
2,210

186
Willie Wilson
2,207

187
Jason Kendall
2,195

188
Stan Hack
2,193

Bill Terry †
2,193

190
Cecil Cooper
2,192

191
Larry Bowa
2,191

192
Joe Carter
2,184

193
Keith Hernández
2,182

194
Will Clark
2,176

195
Pee Wee Reese †
2,170

196
Sherry Magee
2,167

197
Dick Bartell
2,165

198
Larry Walker
2,160

199
Billy Hamilton †
2,159

200
Hal Chase
2,158

201
Magglio Ordóñez
2,156

202
Don Mattingly
2,153

203
Rubén Sierra
2,152

204
Yogi Berra †
2,150

Ed Konetchy
2,150

206
Ken Boyer
2,143

Ken Griffey, Sr.
2,143

Tommy Leach
2,143

209
Plácido Polanco
2,142

210
Dick Groat
2,138

Wally Moses
2,138

212
Don Baylor
2,135

213
Moisés Alou
2,134

text:
Rank
Player
Hits

Maury Wills
2,134

215
Buddy Myer
2,131

216
Herman Long
2,128

217
Mike Piazza †
2,127

218
Tommy Davis
2,121

219
Duke Snider †
2,116

220
Dale Murphy
2,111

221
Chris Chambliss
2,109

222
Ellis Burks
2,107

223
Paul O'Neill
2,105

224
John Montgomery Ward †
2,104

225
Arky Vaughan †
2,103

226
Felipe Alou
2,101

227
Clyde Milan
2,100

228
Brian Downing
2,099

229
Garry Templeton
2,096

230
Alfonso Soriano
2,095

231
Gary Carter †
2,092

Harvey Kuenn
2,092

233
Hal McRae
2,091

234
Alvin Dark
2,089

235
César Cedeño
2,087

236
Harmon Killebrew †
2,086

237
Tim Wallach
2,085

238
Jimmy Sheckard
2,084

239
Ed McKean
2,083

240
José Reyes (109)
2,081

241
Scott Rolen
2,077

George J. Burns
2,077

Matt Holliday (82)
2,077

244
Chuck Klein †
2,076

245
Carney Lansford
2,074

246
Dixie Walker
2,064

247
Del Ennis
2,063

Bobby Veach
2,063

249
Bob Elliott
2,061

250
Wally Joyner
2,060

251
Orlando Cabrera
2,055

252
Ray Durham
2,054

George Kell †
2,054

254
Indian Bob Johnson
2,051

255
Johnny Bench
2,048

256
Dummy Hoy
2,045

257
A. J. Pierzynski
2,043

258
Bobby Doerr †
2,042

259
Mark Grudzielanek
2,040

Jack Glasscock
2,040

261
Nick Markakis (150)
2,039

262
Carlos Delgado
2,038

263
Víctor Martínez (100)
2,036

264
Raúl Ibañez
2,034

265
Lee May
2,031

266
Ken Singleton
2,029

267
Tony Phillips
2,023

268
Amos Otis
2,020

Reggie Smith
2,020

270
Earl Averill †
2,019

271
George H. Burns
2,018

272
Bill Mazeroski †
2,016

273
Brandon Phillips (152)
2,015

274
Gary Matthews
2,011

Johnny Mize †
2,011

276
Bobby Bonilla
2,010

Jason Giambi
2,010

278
Bill Madlock
2,008

Adrian Gonzalez (54)
2,008

280
Tony Taylor
2,007

281
Frank White
2,006

282
Dave Bancroft †
2,004

Todd Zeile
2,004

284
Shawn Green
2,003

text: As of September 18th, 2017, these active players have at least 1,800 hits:

text:
Joe Mauer 149 in 2017 (1,975)
Chase Utley 67 in 2017 (1,844)
Ian Kinsler 122 in 2017 (1,818)


document_title: Green jersey

question_text: who is wearing the green jersey in the tour de france

text: Green jersey

text: The green jersey is a term used in road bicycle racing and  Grand Tour stage races in particular. The green jersey is a distinctive racing jersey worn by the leader in a subsidiary competition.[1]

text: While the overall race leader in the Tour de France will wear the yellow jersey, or "maillot jaune", the green jersey ("maillot vert") will be worn by the leader in the points competition. Since 2009, the Vuelta a España has also used the green jersey to signify the leader of the points competition. In the Giro d'Italia, the green jersey was, from 1974 to 2011, worn by the King of the Mountains, the leader in the competition for climbing specialists.

text: Classification guide[edit]

text: The following events use the "green jersey" to signify the current leader and/or final winner of the overall classification by points (often known as the sprinters competition):

text:
Tour de France (known as the "maillot vert") (see also Points classification in the Tour de France)
Vuelta a España
Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré
Tour de l'Avenir
Tour de Georgia
Tour de Romandie
Tour of Ireland
Tour of California (known as the "sprints classification")

text: Mountains competition leader[edit]

text: The following events have used the "green jersey" to signify the current leader and/or final winner of the overall classification of the best climber (often known as the King of the Mountains competition):

text:
Giro d'Italia (Italian: known as the maglia verde: 1974 to 2011) (see also Mountains classification in the Giro d'Italia)
Tour de Pologne (Polish: known as the najlepszy góral or Klasyfikacja Górska)
Vuelta a España (prior to 2008)

text: As of 2009, no major race uses the "green jersey" to signify the current leader and/or final winner of the overall classification of sprinter where the polka dot jersey represents the king of the mountain.


document_title: Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door

question_text: where is the thousand year door in paper mario

text: Paper Mario: The Thousand-Year Door

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: The Thousand-Year Door has a unique visual style. The graphics consist of a mixture of 3D environments and 2D characters which look as if they are made of paper.[3] At different points in the game, Mario is "cursed" with abilities that enable special moves in the overworld, all of which are based on the paper theme. Mario can fold into a boat or a paper airplane by standing on a special activation panel, and roll up into a scroll of paper or become paper-thin.[2] The game's environments also follow this theme; for example, illusory objects that conceal secret items or switches can be blown away by a gust of wind due to the environment's paper-like qualities. In certain parts of the game, the player controls Bowser in multiple side-scrolling levels based on the original Super Mario Bros.. Additionally, the player controls Peach in the X-Naut Fortress at the completion of most game chapters.[3]

text: Battles in The Thousand-Year Door borrow elements from Super Mario RPG and the first original Paper Mario game.[6] The turn-based system, in which players select an attack, defense, or item from a menu, is augmented by timed button presses that can result in substantial attack or defence bonuses when performed correctly.[7] A similar "action command" was also used in all released Mario RPG games.[8] In The Thousand-Year Door, each of Mario's party members now have their own heart points (HP) and may receive any attack that Mario can receive. When a partner's heart points are reduced to 0, the partner becomes inactive for the rest of that battle and later battles until recovery. If Mario's Heart Points are reduced to 0, however, the game ends.[7] Flower Points—which are required for special moves—are shared among Mario and his party members. Defeating enemies awards various numbers of Star Points to Mario; for every 100 Star Points, Mario is able to level up.[2] Mario can choose to upgrade his heart points (HP), flower points (FP), or his badge points (BP). The battles take place on a stage in front of an audience; if the player performs well in a battle, the audience can assist Mario by replenishing star power, throwing helpful items on-stage, or inflicting damage on the opponent.[3] Conversely, the audience may throw damage-causing items at the player or leave if the player performs poorly in a battle. For every 10 levels, the stage will increase by fifty audience members for a total of 200 after level 30.

text: Outside of battle, the game contains some strong role-playing video game traditions. For example, Mario's strength is determined by multiple statistical fields and status-boosting items that can be used in and outside of combat. The effects of these items range from healing Mario or his partner to damaging the opponent.[9] Mario can also purchase badges from non-player characters or occasionally obtain them from defeated enemies; when equipped, these badges can permanently enhance a particular skill or aspect, or, in some cases, give Mario new moves, including Power Jump and Quake Hammer.[10] Throughout the game, Mario is permanently assisted by a party member. Each party member has a specialised skill, some of which are required to solve puzzles to advance progression in the game. More party members are gained as the player advances through the game.

text: Plot[edit]

text: The Thousand-Year Door is set in the town of Rogueport, in the Mushroom Kingdom.[11] The majority of locations are not featured in previous Mario games. Most locations consist of a set theme; Glitzville, for example, is a floating city centered around a fighting arena known as the Glitz Pit.[12] The enemies and town inhabitants in the game range from recurring Mario characters, like Boo, to characters exclusive to the game, such as the X-Nauts. For many stages in the game, the story is presented in the context of a novel, and is divided into eight chapters (nine counting the prologue).[13]

text: Characters[edit]

text: The Thousand-Year Door contains several characters, the majority of whom are not playable. Progression in the game is sometimes dependent on interaction with non-player characters, although many are used in the game's various subquests.[12] In particular, the Goomba Professor Frankly, who knows the most about the mysteries relating to Rogueport, must be visited every time Mario retrieves a Crystal Star. The game continues the tradition of Paper Mario, in which Mario can be accompanied by one assistant character at a set time.[9] There are seven party members in total: Goombella the Goomba, Koops the Koopa, Madame Flurrie the wind spirit, a Yoshi (named by the player), Vivian the Shadow Siren, Admiral Bobbery the Bob-omb, and Ms. Mowz, who is available as an optional character.[14]

text: Mario is the main character of The Thousand-Year Door, although the story also rotates between portions where you play briefly as Princess Peach and Bowser. Most of Peach's story is spent on her interaction with the X-Naut's computer AI TEC, who falls in love with Princess Peach despite not fully understanding the concept of love. Princess Peach agrees to teach TEC about love in exchange for the ability to contact Mario via e-mail.[15] The main antagonist of the Mario series, Bowser, tries to collect the Crystal Stars before Mario does instead of directly opposing Mario, though his attempts mostly become comedic relief.[2] Luigi's role in the game is that of an NPC and consists of recounting his slapstick adventures in the Waffle Kingdom, appearing in Rogueport with party members of his own, many of whom do not like Luigi at all for various reasons, juxtaposing the universal respect Mario's partners have for Mario. Ironically, Luigi winds up having his adventures actually printed and published. The books becoming best selling novels that are eventually purchasable through the in-game item shops, though the stories told in the novels greatly exaggerate Luigi's heroics, compared to stories directly told Luigi's disgruntled partners or even Luigi himself.

text: Story[edit]

text: The game opens with an introduction about a seaside town which was damaged by a cataclysm and consequently sunk into the depths of the earth. A town named Rogueport was later built at this site, with the fortunes of the lost kingdom fabled to exist behind the eponymous Thousand-Year Door, located in the ruins of the old town. Mario becomes involved when Princess Peach contacts him about a treasure map that she bought in Rogueport, but becomes part of a larger adventure after learning that Peach has gone missing.[11] With the help of Goombella and Professor Frankly, Mario learns that the map can potentially reveal the location of the seven legendary Crystal Stars, which are required to unlock the Thousand-Year Door.[13] Under the assumption that Peach herself is trying to find the Crystal Stars, he uses the map in an attempt to locate her.

text: In actuality, Peach has been kidnapped by the Secret Society of X-Nauts, a group led by Sir Grodus that are also searching for the Crystal Stars. While held captive, Peach uses e-mail via the main base's computer, TEC, to inform Mario about the quest and consequently help him to attain all seven Crystal Stars and locate the treasure.[15] However, the "treasure" is actually the Shadow Queen, a demon responsible for the ancient cataclysm that destroyed the original town 1,000 years ago. The X-Nauts had kept Peach so that her body could be possessed by the Shadow Queen in a bid to recover her full power. This happens, but the arcane power of the Crystal Stars is then used to separate Peach from her possessor briefly to give Mario and friends the strength needed to fight the Shadow Queen. The game ends when Mario defeats the Shadow Queen and frees Peach, returning home with her.[16]

text: Development and release[edit]

text: Nintendo revealed The Thousand-Year Door at the Game Developers Conference of 2003.[17] Before its release, the game was confirmed to be a direct sequel to the Nintendo 64 game Paper Mario and was known tentatively as Mario Story 2 in Japan and Paper Mario 2 in North America.[18] A preview of the game was available at E3 2004; it included Hooktail Castle and a Bowser bonus level as playable stages.[19] The game was released on October 11, 2004, in North America.[17]

text: In 2008, Morgan Creek Productions filed a lawsuit against Nintendo alleging that they illegally used the song "You're So Cool" from the film True Romance in an advertisement for the game. Morgan Creek dropped the case six days later, after Nintendo revealed that the advertising agency, Leo Burnett USA, Inc., had licensing for the song.[20]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Reception

Aggregate scores

Aggregator
Score

GameRankings
88.05%
(68 reviews)[4]

Metacritic
87/100
(55 reviews)[21]

Review scores

Publication
Score

EGM
9/10[4]

Eurogamer
9/10[22]

Game Informer
6.75/10[23]

GameSpot
9.2/10[2]

IGN
9.1/10[3]

Nintendo Power
4.6/5[24]

text: The Thousand-Year Door received critical acclaim.[4] They particularly praised the plot; GameSpot's Greg Kasavin stated that "each [chapter] provides a thrill of discovery."[2] Similarly, Eurogamer welcomed the whimsical storyline in comparison to traditional role-playing games, commenting that "[it is] something closer to Finding Nemo than Final Fantasy, which is very much a compliment."[22] The game's characters were also well received, with reviewers complimenting the use of NPCs and text.[3] Despite this, some commentators complained that the story developed slowly in the game's beginning stages.[3][25] Eurogamer rated the high level of text as "the only major stumbling block" of the game.[22]

text: One of The Thousand-Year Door's main features, the use of a paper-based gameplay mechanic, was welcomed by reviewers.[2][22] When referring to the paper theme, 1UP commented that "It's a cohesive, clever approach that turns the game's visual style into more than just a look."[26] Critics also commented extensively on the game's battle system, which deviated from traditional RPGs.[2][22] GameSpy praised the use of timing in the battle system, stating that "these twitch elements were designed to be fun and engaging, and they succeed wonderfully at this."[27] Reviewers also praised the concept of having an audience to reward or berate Mario during battle.[2][22]

text: The game's visuals received a mixed response from critics. GameSpot enjoyed the game's presentation, writing that "it exhibits a level of visual artistry and technical prowess matched or exceeded by few other GameCube games."[2] Conversely, other reviewers complained that the graphics were not much of a visual upgrade from its predecessor, Paper Mario.[3] For the game's use of audio, IGN declared it "game music at its purest", but proceeded to question the absence of voice acting in the text based game.[3] RPGamer commented that the music "for the most part is done very well", but that the perceived repetitive battle music was "one of the biggest flaws" of the game.[25] The game won "Role Playing Game of the Year" at the 2005 Interactive Achievement Awards.[5] The game was ranked 56th in Official Nintendo Magazine's "100 Greatest Nintendo Games" feature.[28]

text: In its first week of release in Japan, The Thousand-Year Door was the best-selling game, selling about 159,000 units.[29] It proceeded to sell 409,000 units in the country[30] and 1.23 million copies in North America.[31] The game has since been included in the Player's Choice line.[32]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A sequel to the game, Super Paper Mario, was developed by Intelligent Systems and released for the Wii in 2007. It has a stronger emphasis on platforming than its predecessor. Super Paper Mario's plot is unrelated to the story of The Thousand-Year Door, but it contains many easter eggs referencing characters from the previous two games.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ Originally released in Japan as Paper Mario RPG (ペーパーマリオRPG)

tag: ol


document_title: Cinderella (2015 Disney film)

question_text: who plays cinderella's mother in the 2015 movie

question_tokens: who plays cinderella 's mother in the 2015 movie

text: Cinderella (2015 Disney film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: After losing her mother at a young age, Ella promises to follow her mother's dying wishes: to have courage and be kind. Some years later, Ella's father remarries Lady Tremaine, the widow of an old acquaintance, who has two daughters of her own, Drisella and Anastasia. Ella welcomes her new stepfamily, despite the stepsisters' unpleasant attitudes. When Ella's father goes abroad for business, Lady Tremaine slowly reveals her cruel and jealous nature, as she pushes Ella to give up her bedroom to the stepsisters for the attic. When Ella's father unexpectedly dies during the trip, Lady Tremaine dismisses the household to save money and forces all of the chores on Ella. One morning, when her stepfamily see Ella's face covered in cinders due to her sleeping by the fireplace for warmth, they mock Ella as "Cinderella" and forbid her from eating with them.

text: Crushed by their cruelty, Ella rides off into the woods, where she meets Kit, the crown prince, posing as a palace apprentice, along with his hunting party. Though Ella is unaware of Kit's true identity, they both take a liking to each other. The two part without Kit learning Ella's name. The King, upon learning he has little time left to live, urges Kit that, for the advantage of the kingdom, he should take a princess for his bride at the upcoming royal ball. Kit persuades his father to also invite every eligible maiden in the kingdom to the ball, hoping to see Ella again.

text: Upon receiving notice of the ball, Ella finds a gown that had once belonged to her late mother and decides to refashion it for the ball. On the night of the ball, Ella tries to join her stepfamily, but Lady Tremaine and her daughters tear her dress to shreds and leave without her. Ella runs into the garden in tears and meets an old beggar woman, who reveals herself to be her Fairy Godmother. To help Ella attend the ball, her Fairy Godmother magically transforms a pumpkin into a golden carriage, her four mice into white horses, two lizards into footmen, and a goose into the coachman. She then transforms Ella's ripped dress into a gorgeous blue gown, complete with a pair of magical glass slippers. As Ella leaves for the ball, the Fairy Godmother warns her the spell will break at the last stroke of midnight. Finally, she casts a spell to keep Ella's stepmother and stepsisters from recognizing her.

text: At the ball, the entire court is entranced by Ella when she appears. Ella and Kit proceed to have their first dance. This is much to the chagrin of the Grand Duke, who has promised Kit to Princess Chelina of Zaragoza, a comment which Lady Tremaine overhears. While surprised at Kit's true identity, Ella continues to bond with him, touring the palace grounds. As Ella is about to tell Kit her name, Ella hears the clock start to chime midnight and flees. As she flees the castle, one of her slippers falls off. After being pursued by the Grand Duke and his men, Ella manages to escape home before the final stroke of midnight chimes, causing the spell to wear off. After returning home, Ella hides the remaining glass slipper left behind under the floorboards of her bedroom.

text: The King passes away soon after, but not before giving his son permission to marry Ella. Now King, Kit issues a royal proclamation ordering every maiden in the kingdom to try on the slipper in an effort to find the girl. Ella hurries to retrieve the glass slipper to prove her identity, only to find her stepmother holding it. Having deduced that Ella is the mystery princess, Lady Tremaine tells her stepdaughter about her own tragic past and of the bitter effects it has caused on her life. She blackmails Ella to be made head of the royal household and that respectable husbands are found for the stepsisters, as conditions in order to give Ella's hand in marriage to Kit. When Ella refuses to meet her demands, Lady Tremaine smashes the slipper and locks Ella in the attic. Lady Tremaine then takes the shattered remains of the slipper to the Grand Duke, and manipulates him into agreeing to make her a countess and securing marriages for her daughters, in exchange for keeping Ella hidden.

text: The Grand Duke and the captain of the palace guards lead the mission to find the mystery princess, but the slipper refuses to fit any other maiden. When they arrive at the Tremaine estate, the shoe fits neither of the stepsisters. As they turn to leave, Ella's singing of Lavender's Blue is heard. The Grand Duke tries to ignore this, but Kit, disguised as a guard, commands the captain to investigate. Dismissing Lady Tremaine's attempts to stop her, Ella is reunited with Kit. They leave the house as Ella offers forgiveness to her stepmother. Afterward, the Fairy Godmother states that Ella's stepfamily and the Grand Duke are exiled from the kingdom, never to return.

text: Ella and Kit marry and eventually grow to become the land's most beloved monarchs, ruling with the same courage and kindness that Ella has promised her mother, living happily ever after.

text: Cast[edit]

text: As shown in the credits, some names differ in dialogue.

text:
Cate Blanchett as the Stepmother, also known as Lady Tremaine
Lily James as Cinderella, also known as Ella

Eloise Webb as a young Ella

Richard Madden as the Prince, also known as Kit
Helena Bonham Carter as the Fairy Godmother
Nonso Anozie as the Captain
Stellan Skarsgård as the Grand Duke
Sophie McShera as Drisella
Holliday Grainger as Anastasia
Derek Jacobi as the King
Ben Chaplin as Ella's father
Hayley Atwell as Ella's mother
Rob Brydon as Master Phineus
Jana Perez as Princess Chelina of Zaragosa
Alex Macqueen as the Royal Crier

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In May 2010, following the box office success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland, which was the second-highest-grossing film of 2010 and earned over $1 billion at the box office worldwide,[5] Walt Disney Pictures began developing a new film adaptation of Cinderella, commissioning a live-action reimagining based on a script by Aline Brosh McKenna and produced by Simon Kinberg.[6] In August 2011, Mark Romanek was brought on to direct.[7] On February 29, 2012, it was announced that Chris Weitz would revise McKenna's script.[8][9] In January 2013, Romanek left the project due to creative differences, as he was developing a version that was darker than Disney wanted.[10] Later that month, Disney negotiated with Kenneth Branagh to take over as director.[11][12]

text: Cate Blanchett was the first actor to sign on, when it was announced in November 2012 that she would be playing Lady Tremaine, Cinderella's evil stepmother.[13] In March 2013, Emma Watson was in talks to portray Cinderella, but a deal could not be worked out.[14][15] Gabriella Wilde, Saoirse Ronan, Alicia Vikander, Bella Heathcote and Margot Robbie were also considered for the part, but deals could not be worked out due to scheduling and other conflicts.[15][16]

text: On April 30, 2013, Lily James was cast as the title character.[17][18] A week later, Richard Madden was cast as Prince Charming, who was named Kit in the film.[19] In June 2013, it was reported that Holliday Grainger and Sophie McShera joined the film as Cinderella's two evil stepsisters, Anastasia and Drisella.[20][21] Later that month, Helena Bonham Carter was cast as the Fairy Godmother.[22] In August 2013, Hayley Atwell and Ben Chaplin joined the cast to play Cinderella's mother and Cinderella's father.[23] In September 2013, Stellan Skarsgård's role as the Grand Duke was confirmed.[24] On September 23, 2013, it was announced that Derek Jacobi was cast as the King, Prince Kit's father, and Nonso Anozie as the Captain, a loyal friend to the Prince.[24]

text: According to Walt Disney Pictures president of production Sean Bailey, studio chairman Alan F. Horn wished to make the film the "definitive Cinderella for generations to come," and told him that "if you need to spend a little more, spend it, to make sure it's one for the time capsule."[25]

text: Costumes[edit]

text: Three-time Oscar-winning costume designer Sandy Powell was in charge of the costumes for the film. Powell began working on concepts for the characters' looks almost two years before principal photography began in the summer of 2013. Powell said she was aiming for the look of "a nineteenth-century period film made in the 1940s or 1950s."[26][27]

text: For the stepmother and stepsisters, Powell had a very clear idea about the look; "They are meant to be totally ridiculous on the outside—a bit too much and overdone—and ugly on the inside."[27] The silhouette of the prince came from the original animation, however she created a more fitted look and less masculine colors. Some of the prince costumes were dyed to accentuate Madden's eyes.[26]

text: The ball gown was inspired by the Disney animated film in its color and shape; "The gown had to look lovely when she dances and runs away from the ball. I wanted her to look like she was floating, like a watercolor painting."[26] The dress was made with more than a dozen fine layers of fabric, a corset and a petticoat. Nine versions of the Cinderella gown were designed, each with more than 270 yards of fabric and 10,000 crystals. It took 18 tailors and 500 hours to make each dress.[26]

text: The wedding dress was another difficult project. "Creating the wedding dress was a challenge. Rather than try to make something even better than the ball gown, I had to do something completely different and simple... I wanted the whole effect to be ephemeral and fine, so we went with an extreme-lined shaped bodice with a long train", said Powell. It took 16 people and 550 hours to complete the silk-organza, hand painted dress. While the crew photographed James in the gown, the actress stood too close to an electric heater and the dress caught on fire; the top layer of the dress had to be redone because only one wedding dress was created due to time and budget constraints.[26]

text: For the glass slipper, Powell took inspiration from a 1950s shoe she saw in a museum. Since glass does not sparkle, they decided to use crystal instead. Swarovski partnered with Disney to make the famous shoe. Powell went directly to Swarovski headquarters in Austria to meet the product developers. It took 6 digital renderings of the shoes until they found the right one for the film. Swarovski made eight pairs of crystal shoes for the film, though none were actually wearable. Consequently, the leather shoes James wore on set had to be digitally altered into crystal. Alongside the slipper, Swarovski provided more than 7 million crystals that were used in costumes and 100 tiaras for the ball scene.[28]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on Cinderella began on September 23, 2013.[24] The film was shot at Pinewood Studios in Buckinghamshire, England, where Disney's Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides and Maleficent were also filmed,[29] and at various other locations including Blenheim Palace, Windsor Castle, Cliveden, Old Royal Naval College, and Black Park.[12] Although the royal palace is mainly computer-generated, it has been modeled after the Zwinger in Dresden, Germany.[30]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: Post-production began in December 2013, and was completed in August 2014.[12] The finished film was rated PG for "mild thematic elements" by the MPAA.[31]

text: Music[edit]

text:
Cinderella (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Film score by Patrick Doyle

Released
March 10, 2015

Recorded
Air Lyndhurst Studios (London)

Genre
Orchestral

Length
84:57

Label
Walt Disney

Producer
Kenneth Branagh

Patrick Doyle chronology

Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit
(2014)
Cinderella
(2015)

text: On June 7, 2013, news confirmed that composer Patrick Doyle would score the film, with the music having an emphasis on romance.[32][33] Doyle has previously scored several Branagh films, including Hamlet and Thor.[34] He has also scored the Disney·Pixar computer-animated fantasy-comedy film Brave.[35] Doyle recorded the film's score with the London Symphony Orchestra at the Air Lyndhurst Studios in London.[36]

text: The soundtrack debuted at No. 60 on the Billboard 200, selling 8,000 copies in its first week.[37]

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performer(s)
Length

1.
"A Golden Childhood"

3:56

2.
"The Great Secret"

3:01

3.
"A New Family"

2:15

4.
"Life and Laughter"

1:34

5.
"The First Branch"

2:11

6.
"Nice and Airy"

1:53

7.
"Orphaned"

3:46

8.
"The Stag"

4:56

9.
"Rich Beyond Reason"

1:43

10.
"Fairy Godmother"

2:47

11.
"Pumpkins and Mice"

4:32

12.
"You Shall Go"

3:02

13.
"Valse Royale"

2:06

14.
"Who Is She?"

3:20

15.
"La Valse De L'amour"

2:34

16.
"La Valse Champagne"

1:35

17.
"La Polka Militaire"

1:47

18.
"La Polka De Paris"

1:22

19.
"A Secret Garden"

2:48

20.
"La Polka De Minuit"

2:02

21.
"Choose That One"

1:16

22.
"Pumpkin Pursuit"

2:28

23.
"The Slipper"

1:00

24.
"Shattered Dreams"

4:10

25.
"Searching the Kingdom"

2:51

26.
"Ella and Kit"

2:11

27.
"Courage and Kindness"

4:38

28.
"Strong"
Patrick Doyle, Kenneth Branagh and Tommy Danvers
Sonna Rele
3:14

29.
"A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes"
Al Hoffman, Mack David, and Jerry Livingston
Lily James
2:00

30.
"Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo (The Magic Song)"
Al Hoffman, Mack David, and Jerry Livingston
Helena Bonham Carter
2:28

31.
"Strong (Instrumental Version)"

3:14

32.
"A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes (Instrumental Version)"

2:01

33.
"Bibbidi-Bobbidi-Boo (The Magic Song) (Instrumental Version)"

1:21

Total length:
84:57

text: Release[edit]

text: The film had its world premiere on February 13, 2015 at the 65th Berlin International Film Festival,[38][39] and was released on March 13, 2015.[40] Theatrically, it was accompanied by Walt Disney Animation Studios' short film Frozen Fever, featuring the characters from Frozen.[41] On February 10, 2015, IMAX Corporation and Disney announced plans to digitally re-master the film into the IMAX format and release it in IMAX theaters globally on the scheduled release date.[42]

text: The first official presentation of the film occurred at Disney's three-day D23 Expo in August 2013.[43][44] The film was previewed at CinemaCon in Las Vegas, Nevada, in March 2014, with a teaser showing Cinderella hearing about her father's death, meeting the prince while riding through the forest, her mother's ball gown being torn apart by her step-family, and a comedic bit where the Fairy Godmother transforms a pumpkin into a carriage.[45][46]

text: The first official trailer debuted on May 15, 2014. In the minute-long teaser, which doesn't include any footage from the film, a sparkling glass slipper is slowly revealed over a black background.[47][48] The second official trailer, two-and-a-half minutes long and containing footage from the film, debuted on Good Morning America on November 19, 2014, with a 15-second trailer preview released two days prior.[49][50] In its first 24 hours of release, the trailer was viewed 4.2 million times on YouTube and 33 million times on Facebook, the highest views among all Disney films in history, except for Marvel Studios releases.[51] The movie's official poster was also released on November 19, featuring James as Cinderella and photographed by Annie Leibovitz.[52] Disney released an international trailer on December 16, 2014.[53] A new trailer was released on January 1, 2015.[54] On February 11, 2015, Disney released a final trailer for the film.[55]

text: In October 2014, a licensing agreement between Disney and Turner Broadcasting was announced, in which Cinderella would premiere across Turner's cable network portfolio (including TBS and TNT) in the Spring of 2017.[56]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment released Cinderella on Blu-ray combo pack, Digital HD, DVD, and "Disney Movies Anywhere" on September 15, 2015.[57] Blu-ray bonus features include an alternate opening, the Frozen Fever short, and the featurettes: "Staging The Ball", "Ella's Furry Friends", "A Fairy Tale Comes to Life", and "Costume Test Fun". Five deleted scenes with an introduction by Kenneth Branagh are included exclusively on "Disney Movies Anywhere".[58] The film debuted in second place on the home media sales charts behind Furious 7.[59]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Cinderella grossed $201.2 million in the US and Canada, and $342.4 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $543.5 million against a budget of $100 million.[3][2] It is the twelfth highest-grossing film of 2015 in any genre.[60] The film had a worldwide opening of $132.45 million,[61] and an IMAX opening of $9 million.[62] Deadline.com calculated the net profit of the film to be $164.77 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film.[63]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, Cinderella opened on Friday, March 13, 2015, across 3,845 theaters, and earned $23 million.[64] The film's Friday gross included a $2.3 million late night run.[64] It topped the box office during its opening weekend as projected, earning $67.9 million,[65] including a record $5 million from 358 IMAX theaters, and became Disney's biggest 2D PG-rated opening of all time.[66][67] It is director Kenneth Branagh's biggest opening of his career (breaking 2011's Thor record), the fourth-highest Disney opening in March,[68] and was the seventh-highest opening in March overall (not counting for inflation).[69][70] Audiences during its opening weekend comprised 66% female, 66% families, 26% adults, 8% teenagers, 31% under the age of 12 and 9% 50 years and older.[62] Cinderella finished its first week at the box office with $87.55 million, which was very high end of the film's lofty pre-release expectations.[71] In its second weekend, the film declined 49% to $35 million and was surpassed by The Divergent Series: Insurgent, dropping to #2.[72] The drop was in between two of Disney's previous live-action fantasy films, Oz the Great and Powerful (48%) and Maleficent (51%).[73] In North America, Cinderella is the ninth highest-grossing 2015 film.[74]

text: Outside North America, box office analysts predicted as much as $60 million opening.[75] The film made its debut outside of North America on the same weekend as its wide North American release and earned an estimated $62.4 million from 31 countries,[61] including $4 million from IMAX theaters.[62] It topped the box office for two non-consecutive weekends.[76] It opened in China with $25 million, the biggest March opening in the country,[61] and Russia with $7.3 million.[61] The opening in these two countries were considered impressive given that both the countries are famous for their keenness for 3D films rather than 2D.[61] Other high openings occurred in the UK, Ireland and Malta ($5.6 million), Mexico ($5 million), Japan ($4.8 million), France ($3.3 million), and Brazil ($3.7 million).[76][77] In Australia, where the release date was coinciding with the Cricket World Cup finale, it managed to open with $3.4 million.[76] Italy opened with $4.6 million and topped the box office for three consecutive weekends.[61][76] It also topped the Japanese box office for five consecutive weekends.[78] It became the second-highest grossing Disney live-action film in China, behind Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides and in the Philippines, behind Maleficent.[79] In total earnings, its largest markets outside of the US and Canada are China ($71.1 million), Japan ($46 million) and the UK, Ireland and Malta ($29.2 million).[78][80][81]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Cinderella received mostly positive reviews from critics with particular praise going to the cast, notably Blanchett, James, and Bonham Carter, Patrick Doyle's musical score, faithfulness to the original animated film, and Sandy Powell's costume designs, with some criticism for the screenplay.[82] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an 84% approval rating, based on 220 reviews, with a rating average of 7.1/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Refreshingly traditional in a revisionist era, Kenneth Branagh's Cinderella proves Disney hasn't lost any of its old-fashioned magic."[83] Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 67 out of 100, based on 47 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[84] According to CinemaScore, audiences gave the film a grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale.[85]

text: David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter reviewed the film at the Berlin Film Festival and praised the special effects, the screenplay, and Blanchett's performance and said that "anyone nostalgic for childhood dreams of transformation will find something to enjoy in an uplifting movie that invests warm sentiment in universal themes of loss and resilience, experience and maturity."[86] Peter Debruge of Variety said, "It's all a bit square, big on charm, but lacking the crackle of Enchanted or The Princess Bride. But though this Cinderella could never replace Disney's animated classic, it's no ugly stepsister either, but a deserving companion."[87] Guy Lodge of The Guardian gave the film three stars out of five and said, "While it might have been nice to see the new-model Cinderella follow Frozen's progressive, quasi-feminist lead, the film's naff, preserved-in-amber romanticism is its very charm."[88] Scott Mendelson of Forbes admired the film's visual effects, production design, and called the costume design as Oscar-worthy, adding, "with an emphasis on empathy and empowerment, Walt Disney's Cinderella is the best film yet in their 'turn our animated classics into live-action blockbuster' subgenre."[89]

text: Richard Corliss of Time magazine said that Branagh's Cinderella successfully updates and revitalizes Disney's "ill-conceived" animated film, and praised the empowered Ella, the visuals, and Blanchett's performance.[90] Katy Waldman of Slate similarly deemed the film a commendable and authentic upgrade that does not undermine its heroine while maintaining its classic splendor and charm.[91] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal commended James' and Blanchett's performances, the sets, costumes and minimal digital effects, as well as Branagh's direction, stating he "set a tone of lushly sustainable fantasy that's often affecting, frequently witty, seldom cloying, nearly free of self-comment and entirely free of irony."[92] Likewise, Claudia Puig of USA Today complimented the performances along with Branagh and screenwriter Chris Weitz for "ground[ing] this romantic tale with sincerity amid the dazzle."[93] Los Angeles Times' Betsy Sharkey praised Blanchett's and James' performances and considered the film a "poetically, if not prophetically, imagined storybook fable" that succeeds because of its earnestness, humor, its lack of modern-day pretenses, and Branagh's "singular focus".[94] Lawrence Toppman of The Charlotte Observer proclaimed, "This version has more psychological depth than usual and answers questions we may always have had. Branagh's 'Cinderella' does something extraordinarily rare among fairy-tale adaptations: It leaves out nothing we want and adds nothing we don't."[95] Noting the religious themes and symbols of the film, cultural commentator Fr. Robert Barron writes that due to Branagh's traditional telling of the story, "he actually allows the spiritual -- indeed specifically Christian -- character of the tale to emerge."[96]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award / Film Festival
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

2015
Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Sci-Fi/Fantasy

Nominated
[97]

Choice Movie Actress: Sci-Fi/Fantasy
Lily James

Heartland Film Festival
Truly Moving Picture Award

Won
[98]

Hollywood Film Awards
Costume Designer of the Year
Sandy Powell
[99]

Italian Online Movie Awards
Best Art Direction
Dante Ferretti
Nominated
[100]

Best Costume Design
Sandy Powell

World Soundtrack Award
Best Original Score of the Year
Patrick Doyle

2016
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Family Movie

[101]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
Costume Design
Sandy Powell
[102]

British Academy Film Awards
Costume Design
[103]

Satellite Awards
Best Art Direction and Production Design
Dante Ferretti
[104]

Best Costume Design
Sandy Powell

Costume Designers Guild
Excellence in Fantasy Film
[105]

Academy Awards
Best Costume Design
[106]

Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Movie

[107]

Favorite Movie Actress
Lily James

Empire Awards
Best Costume Design
Sandy Powell
[108]

Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Film

Won
[109]
[110]

Best Costume Design
Sandy Powell
Nominated

text: Impact[edit]

text: After the release and success of Cinderella, along with Maleficent, The Jungle Book, and Beauty and the Beast —Walt Disney Pictures has announced the development of several other live-action remakes from their Animated Classics series.[111][112] Since the releases of these four films, Disney has announced the development of live-action adaptations of Christopher Robin,[113] Dumbo,[114] Aladdin,[115] The Lion King,[116] Mulan,[117] Pinocchio,[118] Fantasia,[119] The Sword in the Stone,[120] The Black Cauldron,[121] Peter Pan,[122] The Little Mermaid,[123] Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,[124] and Lady and the Tramp.[125] The company also has plans for live-action spin-offs of Peter Pan, One Hundred and One Dalmatians and Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs along with a live-action prequel to Aladdin.[126][127][128][129]


document_title: Publicly owned treatment works

question_text: how many wastewater treatment plants are there in the us

text: Publicly owned treatment works

text: A publicly owned treatment works (POTW) is a term used in the United States for a sewage treatment plant that is owned, and usually operated, by a government agency. In the U.S., POTWs are typically owned by local government agencies, and are usually designed to treat domestic sewage and not industrial wastewater.

text: The term is used extensively in U.S. water pollution law (i.e. the Clean Water Act), regulations and programs.[1][2] Many POTWs were established or expanded with grants or low-interest loans from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).[3]

text: There are over 16,000 POTWs in the U.S., serving 75 percent of the total population.[4] The remainder of the population is served by decentralized or private septic systems. The POTWs treat 32 billion US gallons (120 gigalitres) of wastewater every day.[5] Most POTWs are required to meet national secondary treatment standards.[6][7]