document_title: The Jungle Book (2016 film)

question_text: who does the voice of the tiger in jungle book 2016

text: The Jungle Book (2016 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mowgli is a "man cub" raised by the wolf Raksha and her pack, led by Akela, in an Indian jungle ever since he was brought to them as a baby by the black panther Bagheera. Bagheera trains Mowgli to learn the ways of the wolves, but the boy faces certain challenges and falls behind his wolf siblings, while Akela disapproves of him using human tricks like building tools instead of learning the ways of the pack.

text: One day, during the dry season, the jungle animals gather to drink the water that remains as part of a truce during a drought that enables the jungle's wildlife to drink without fear of being eaten by their predators. The truce is disrupted when a scarred tiger named Shere Khan arrives, detecting Mowgli's scent in the large crowd. Resentful against man for scarring him, he issues a warning that he will kill Mowgli at the end of the drought. After the drought ends, the wolves debate whether they should keep Mowgli or not. Mowgli decides to leave the jungle for the safety of his pack. Bagheera agrees with the decision and volunteers to guide him to the nearby man village.

text: En route, Shere Khan ambushes them and injures Bagheera, but Mowgli manages to escape. Later, Mowgli meets an enormous python named Kaa who hypnotizes him. While under her influence, Mowgli sees a vision of his father being mauled while protecting him from Shere Khan. The vision also warns of the destructive power of the "red flower" (fire). Kaa attempts to devour Mowgli, but she is attacked by a large brown sloth bear named Baloo, rescuing an unconscious Mowgli. Baloo and Mowgli bond while retrieving some difficult-to-access honey for Baloo, and the boy agrees to stay with Baloo until the winter season arrives. Upon learning that Mowgli has left the jungle, Shere Khan kills Akela and threatens the pack to lure Mowgli out.

text: Bagheera eventually finds Mowgli and Baloo and is angered that Mowgli has not joined the humans as agreed, but Baloo calms him down and persuades both of them to sleep on it. During the night, Mowgli finds a herd of Indian elephants gathered around a ditch and uses his vines to save a baby elephant from the ditch. Although Baloo and Bagheera are both impressed, Baloo realizes that he cannot guarantee Mowgli's safety after learning that he is being hunted by Shere Khan. Baloo agrees to push Mowgli away to get him to continue onward to the man village.

text: Mowgli is kidnapped by the "Bandar-log" (monkeys) who present him to their leader, a giant ape named King Louie. Assuming that all humans can make fire, King Louie offers Mowgli protection from Shere Khan in exchange for it. Baloo distracts King Louie while Bagheera tries to sneak him out, but their plan is discovered. As King Louie chases Mowgli through his temple, he informs Mowgli of Akela's death. King Louie's rampage eventually causes his temple to collapse on top of him. Furious that Baloo and Bagheera never told him about Akela's death, Mowgli goes to confront Shere Khan alone.

text: Mowgli steals a lit torch at the village to use as a weapon and heads back to the jungle, accidentally starting a wildfire in the process. He confronts Shere Khan, who argues that Mowgli has made himself the enemy of the jungle by causing the wildfire. Mowgli throws the torch into the water, giving Shere Khan the advantage. Baloo, Bagheera, and the wolf pack intervene and hold Shere Khan off, giving Mowgli enough time to set a trap. He lures Shere Khan up a dead tree and onto a branch, which breaks under the tiger's weight and Shere Khan falls into the fire to his death. Mowgli then directs the elephants to divert the river and put out the fire.

text: In the aftermath with Shere Khan no longer a threat, Raksha becomes the new leader of the wolf pack. Mowgli decides to utilize his equipment and tricks for his own use, having found his true home and calling with his wolf family, Baloo, and Bagheera.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Neel Sethi as Mowgli, a young boy who was raised by wolves.
Kendrick Reyes as toddler Mowgli
Ritesh Rajan as Mowgli's father

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Bill Murray as Baloo, a sloth bear who befriends Mowgli.
Ben Kingsley as Bagheera, a black panther who is Mowgli's mentor and protector.
Idris Elba as Shere Khan, a fearsome, scar-faced tiger with a grudge against humans.
Lupita Nyong'o as Raksha, a female wolf who is Mowgli's adoptive mother.
Scarlett Johansson as Kaa, an enormous python.
Giancarlo Esposito as Akela, a male wolf who leads the pack.
Christopher Walken as King Louie, a giant ape who rules the Bandar-log.
Garry Shandling as Ikki, a porcupine that observes the Water Truce.[1]
Brighton Rose as Grey Brother,  a wolf cub that is Mowgli's adoptive brother.[1]
Jon Favreau as Fred, a Pygmy Hog.[1]
Sam Raimi as a giant squirrel.[1]
Russell Peters as Rocky, a rhinoceros.[1]
Madeleine Favreau as Raquel, a rhinoceros.[1]
Sara Arrington as an antelope.[1]

text: Emjay Anthony, Max Favreau, Chloe Hechter, Asher Blinkoff, Knox Gagnon, Sasha Schrieber, and Kai Schrieber voice the Young Wolves.[1]

text: Dee Bradley Baker, Artie Esposito, Sean Johnson, and Allan Trautman provide additional animal voices.[1]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development and casting[edit]

text:
"The idea of going out to the jungle and shooting this, it just felt like it wouldn't have the magic that the 1967 film had had. There was a dreamlike quality to it. There was a surreal quality to it. It was a high-water mark for character animation and to me, that's what I remember about it. And so I wanted to make sure we preserved that...But what [Alan] Horn said was: Look at the technology. Look at Life of Pi, Avatar. Why not use the technology to create a whole world that transports you? Let's really embrace this new technology and see what we can do if we push its limit."
— Jon Favreau on approaching the film's technical intent.[9]

tag: div

text: On July 9, 2013, Walt Disney Pictures announced that a live-action adaptation of Rudyard Kipling's short story collection The Jungle Book was in development, with Justin Marks set to write the script.[10] The film would be Disney's second live-action adaptation of Kipling's works, following the 1994 film and the 1998 direct-to-video film Mowgli's Story; and the studio's fourth overall after the 1967 animated film.[11] Jon Favreau was confirmed as director on November 5, 2013.[12] Favreau as a child used to watch Disney's 1967 animated film.[13] He felt the need to strike a balance between the two films by retaining the buoyant spirit of the 1967 film, including some of its memorable songs, while crafting a film with more realism and peril. He also stressed the importance of nature and realized how things have shifted during Kipling's time and now, "In Kipling's time, nature was something to be overcome. Now nature is something to be protected."[13] He was encouraged by Walt Disney Studios chairman Alan Horn to take advantage of the film's setting and story as an opportunity to use the latest advancements in photorealistic rendering, computer-generated imagery, and motion capture technologies.[14] The story of the film is not independently taken from Kipling's works, but also borrows cinematic inspirations from other films, including the child-mentor relationship in Shane (1953), the establishment of rules in a dangerous world from Goodfellas (1990) and the use of a shadowy jungle figure in Apocalypse Now (1979).[13]

text: The cast was announced between March and August 2014, with Idris Elba being announced to voice Shere Khan during early stages and Bill Murray eventually confirmed as the voice of Baloo in August 2014. Between then, Scarlett Johansson, Ben Kingsley, and Christopher Walken were confirmed to play Kaa, Bagheera, and King Louie.[15][16][17][18] Favreau decided to cast Johansson to play Kaa, originally a male character, as he felt the original film was "a little too male-oriented."[19] Favreau and Marks noticed the lack of female characters in the 1967 film version and wanted to address that by featuring Raksha's character more prominently, as in Kipling's tales.[13] Lupita Nyong'o was cast as Raksha as Favreau believed her voice imbued the emotion required for the role, "Lupita has tremendous depth of emotion in her performance. There's an emotional underpinning she brings, and a strength, and we wanted that for this surrogate mother. Much of that comes from her voice."[20] Favreau also decided to change King Louie from an orangutan to a gigantopithecus due to the fact that orangutans are not native to India, where the story takes place.[6] His character was given a slight alteration from the 1967 film and was partly inspired by Marlon Brando's character Colonel Kurtz in Apocalypse Now,[13] as well as incorporating Walken's own physical mannerisms.[21] In regards to Louie's changes, Favreau stated, "We created this looming figure that was trying to extract the secret of fire from Mowgli. And also this gave Mowgli the idea that if he had fire, he could have power over Shere Khan, whether it was good or bad. So there was a Lord of the Rings aspect to that; the fire was almost like the ring in that was going to give someone ultimate power, but corrupt them as well as create destruction."[22] The film is dedicated to Garry Shandling, who voiced a porcupine in the film and died of a pulmonary embolism before the film's release.

text: The search for casting Mowgli was extensive, with thousands of children auditioning from the United States, the United Kingdom, New Zealand, and Canada. Eventually, newcomer Neel Sethi was confirmed for the role, with casting director Rebecca Williams describing him as embodying "the heart, humor, and daring of the character. He's warm and accessible, yet also has an intelligence well beyond his years and impressed us all with his ability to hold his own in any situation."[23] Sethi underwent parkour training in preparation for the role.[7] Pixar Animation Studios assisted in the development of the story, as well as providing suggestions for the film's end credits sequence.[24]

text: Filming and visual effects[edit]

text: Principal photography took place entirely on sound stages at L.A. Center Studios[22] in downtown Los Angeles.[20][25] The animal characters were created entirely in computer animation, with the assistance of footage of real animal movement, the actors recording their lines, and performance capture for reference.[6] The production team underwent a thorough process to realistically convey the animals' speaking, while still making them perceptually believable to the audience. Favreau researched earlier films featuring anthropomorphic animals—including Walt Disney's animated features, such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs and Bambi, as well as modern films such as Babe—and adopted certain techniques from those films into The Jungle Book.[22] Nearly 70 separate species of animals native to India are featured in the film, with several species being portrayed as "150% larger" than their actual counterparts.[22]

text: Jim Henson's Creature Shop was brought in to provide animal puppet figures for Sethi to act against, although none appear in the finished film.[26] The animal puppets were performed by Artie Esposito, Sean Johnson, Allan Trautman, and April Warren.[1] Favreau utilized motion capture with certain actors, expressing a desire to avoid overusing the technology in order to prevent evoking an uncanny valley effect.[6][19]

text: Moving Picture Company (MPC) and Weta Digital created the film's visual effects.[14] MPC developed new software for animating muscular structure in the animals.[22] Around 1,000 remote jungle locations in India were photographed and used as reference in post-production.[27] Weta was responsible for animating the King Louie sequence, with visual effects supervisor Keith Miller adding that, "It was important for Jon to see Christopher Walken in the creature. So we took some of the distinctive Walken facial features—iconic lines, wrinkles and folds—and integrated them into the animated character."[28] Favreau expressed desire in wanting the film's 3D shots to imbue the abilities of the multiplane camera system utilized in Disney's earlier animated films.[24] At Favreau's behest, the idea was extended into the film's version of the Walt Disney Pictures opening production logo, which was recreated as "a hand-painted, cel-animated multi-plane logo" in homage to the animated films of that era, also incorporating the word "Presents" in the same style as the 1967 film's opening credits.[24] The film's ending also features the original physical book that opened the 1967 film.[24]

text: Sound[edit]

text: Director Jon Favreau and composer John Debney sought to recreate the Fantasound experience Walt Disney, himself, had in mind. When mixing the soundtrack in Dolby Atmos, as Favreau said, "we isolated instruments when we could. And in the sound mix, we created a Fantasound mix. If you see the film in Atmos, you will feel that there are instruments that move around the theater."[29] A mention for Fantasound appears in the film's closing credits.

text: Music[edit]

text: The musical score for The Jungle Book was composed and conducted by frequent Favreau collaborator John Debney,[30] mostly drawing from George Bruns' original music. Though Favreau decided not to make the film a musical, nevertheless, he and Debney incorporated several songs from the 1967 animated film.[31] "The Bare Necessities," written by Terry Gilkyson, is performed by Murray and Sethi,[13] and a cover version by Dr. John is featured in the end credits. "I Wan'na Be Like You" and "Trust in Me"—written by the Sherman Brothers—are performed by Walken and Johansson, respectively; Richard M. Sherman wrote revised lyrics for Walken's version of "I Wan'na Be Like You."[13] Johansson's rendition of "Trust in Me" was produced by Mark Ronson and appears in the end credits only.[13]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Jungle Book (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)Film score by John DebneyReleased
April 15, 2016Recorded
2015–16Studio
Sony Pictures Studios (score)Esplanade Studios, New Orleans Chalice Recording StudiosMusic Shed Studios, New OrleansGenre
Orchestral, swing jazzLength
74:17Label
Walt DisneyProducer
John Debney
John Debney chronology

The Young Messiah(2016) The Young Messiah2016

The Jungle Book(2016) The Jungle Book2016

Mother's Day(2016) Mother's Day2016

tag: table

text: Walt Disney Records released the film's soundtrack on April 15, 2016.[32]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: No.TitleWriter(s)Performer(s)Length1."The Bare Necessities"Terry GilkysonDr. John and The Nite Trippers3:362."Trust in Me"Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. ShermanScarlett Johansson2:553."Main Titles[Note 1] / Jungle Run"John Debney & George Bruns 2:274."Wolves / Law of the Jungle"John Debney 2:165."Water Truce"John Debney 3:406."Rains Return"John Debney 1:467."Mowgli's Leaving / Elephant Theme"John Debney 3:288."Shere Khan Attacks / Stampede"John Debney 2:069."Kaa / Baloo to the Rescue"  5:2110."Honeycomb Climb"  3:3111."Man Village"  2:5912."Mowgli and the Pit"  3:2613."Monkeys Kidnap Mowgli"  1:5214."Arriving at King Louie's Temple"  4:3515."Cold Lair Chase"  4:0316."Red Flower"  3:1517."To the River"  3:0518."Shere Khan's War Theme"  2:3719."Shere Khan and the Fire"  4:5220."Elephant Waterfall"  3:2721."Mowgli Wins the Race"  0:4122."Jungle Book Closes"  2:1623."I Wan'na Be Like You"Richard M. Sherman, Robert B. ShermanChristopher Walken3:0224."The Bare Necessities"Terry GilkysonBill Murray, Kermit Ruffins3:01Total length:74:17

text: Note 1. ^ Original "When You Wish Upon a Star" melody composed by Leigh Harline; Walt Disney Pictures logo melody composed by Mark Mancina.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was originally scheduled for October 9, 2015, but the film's release date was later postponed by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures to April 15, 2016.[33][34] The film was released in the Dolby Vision format in Dolby Cinema in the United States,[35] and is the first film to be released in Dolby Vision 3D (in a few select theaters in New York City and Chicago).[36] The Jungle Book held its world premiere at the El Capitan Theatre on April 4, 2016.[37] It was released in 15 countries, a week ahead of its U.S. debut on April 15, in countries like Argentina, Australia, Russia, Malaysia, and most notably in India on April 8.[38] The release date in India was strategic for the film as it coincided with the Indian New Year and was a holiday in most parts of the country.[39] The film had a special Hindi version with famous actors giving their voices to the main characters, including Irrfan Khan as Baloo, Om Puri as Bagheera, Priyanka Chopra as Ka, Nana Patekar as Sher Khan and Shefali Shah as Raksha, for its Indian audiences as the book and the Disney series based on it had been immensely popular in India in 1990s. Disney India also commissioned a contemporary recording of "Jungle Jungle Baat Chali Hai" (originally used for the popular Indian version of Japanese anime series Jungle Book Shōnen Mowgli), overseen by the original Hindi song's composers Vishal Bhardwaj and Gulzar, and released it as part of the film's promotional campaign in India.[40][41]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released digitally on August 23, 2016, and on DVD and Blu-ray on August 30 (August 22 in the UK[42]). A 3D Blu-ray was said to be coming by the end of the year.[43] The film topped the NPD VideoScan overall disc sales chart for two consecutive weeks.[44][45] In the United States, the DVD and Blu-ray releases sold 2,027,137 units by December 2016 and have grossed $46 million as of August 2018.[46]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film became a huge financial success and a sleeper hit.[47] It briefly held the record for the biggest remake of all time until the studio's own Beauty and the Beast surpassed it the following year.[48] It grossed $364 million in the United States and Canada and $602.5 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $966.6 million, against a budget of $175 million.[4] Worldwide, the film was released across 28,000 RealD 3D screens[36] and had an IMAX worldwide opening of $20.4 million from 901 IMAX screens, a new record for a PG film.[49] It grossed a total of $39 million in IMAX screens worldwide.[50] On May 13, it became the second film of 2016 (after the studio's own Zootopia) to pass the $800 million mark.[51][52] On June 10, it became the third film of 2016 after Zootopia and Captain America: Civil War to pass the $900 million mark.[53] Deadline Hollywood calculated the net profit of the film to be $258 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues for the film, making it the sixth-most profitable release of 2016.[54]

text: United States and Canada[edit]

text: Projections for its opening weekend in the United States and Canada were continuously revised upwards, starting from $60 million to as high as $88 million, with female and older male quadrants being the prime draw.[55][36][56][57] The Jungle Book was shown across 4,028 theaters of which 3,100 theaters (75%) were in 3D, including 376 IMAX screens, 463 premium large format screens, and 145 D-Box locations.[55][58][59] It opened Friday, April 15, 2016, on around 9,500 screens across 4,028 theaters, and earned $32.4 million, the fourth-biggest April Friday.[36][60] This includes $4.2 million from Thursday previews, the biggest preview number for a Disney live-adaptation film (tied with Maleficent),[61] an almost unheard-of for a PG title which rarely attracts many ticketbuyers later in the night.[62] In total, it earned $103.3 million in its opening weekend, exceeding expectations by 40% and recorded the biggest PG-rated April opening (breaking Hop's record), the second-biggest Disney live-action adaptation opening (behind Alice in Wonderland), and the second-biggest April opening (behind Furious 7).[36][63][64] It also performed exceptionally well in both 3D and IMAX formats, where they both generated an income of $44 million and $10.4 million of the film's opening-weekend gross, respectively, the later broke the record for the biggest April Disney release IMAX opening.[36][49] Notably, it also became the only second PG-rated release to ever open above $100 million (following Alice in Wonderland) and the third film of 2016 overall to open above $100 million (following Deadpool and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice).[36][65] It earned $130.7 million in its first full week, the second-biggest for a Disney live-action adaptation, behind only Alice in Wonderland's $146.6 million seven-day gross.[66]

text: Buoyed by excellent word of mouth and benefiting from spring break, it fell only by 40% in its second weekend earning $61.5 million, still maintaining the top position and far surpassing newcomer The Huntsman: Winter's War.[67] That puts The Jungle Book in the top fifteen second weekends of all time and in terms of films that opened above $100 million, it scored the fourth-smallest drop behind Shrek 2 (−33%), Spider-Man (−39%), and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (−39%).[68][69] Of those numbers, $5.6 million came from IMAX shows for a two weekend cumulative total of $18.4 million which represents about 10% of its entire North American box office gross.[67] It crossed $200 million on its twelfth day of release[70] and managed to hold the top spot for the third consecutive weekend with $43.7 million from 4,041 theaters (an addition of 13 more theaters), a fall of only 29%, outgrossing the next six pictures combined (including the openings of three newcomers)[71] and recorded the sixth-biggest third weekend of all time.[72] Moreover, the 29% drop is the smallest third-weekend drop (from its second weekend) for a $100 million opener ever.[72] Disney added an additional 103 theaters for the film's fourth weekend of release which propelled its theater count to 4,144 theaters,[73] but nevertheless, it was overtaken by Disney's own Captain America: Civil War after experiencing a 50% decline.[74][75] It passed $300 million on its thirtieth day of release, on May 14, as it continued to witness marginal declines in the wake of several new releases weekend after weekend.[76] It made 3.53 times its opening weekend numbers, which is one of the biggest of all time for a film opening above $100 million. It became one of the few surprise hits and one of the highest-grossing films of the year, alongside Finding Dory, The Secret Life of Pets, and Zootopia, centered around talking animals to dominate the year-end chart.[47]

text: Other countries[edit]

text: The film was released in approximately 70 countries.[77] Outside the US and Canada, it opened across 15 markets and 69 IMAX screens a week ahead of its US debut, and faced notable competition from newcomer The Huntsman: Winter's War and holdover Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, the latter of which was entering its third weekend. The reason behind the divided release pattern was because Disney wanted to get some space before Captain America: Civil War releases in early May, as well as availing school holidays and avoiding local competitors.[78] It eventually grossed $31.7 million, debuting at first place in all markets and second overall at the international box office, behind Dawn of Justice, which was playing across 67 markets.[78] In its second weekend, it expanded to an additional 49 countries (88% of its total marketplace) and grossed $138.6 million from 64 countries, easily topping the international box office, a bulk of it came from China.[79] Approximately 63% or $85 million of that came from 3D screenings, with the largest 3D opening haul represented by China (98%), Germany (83%), Brazil (73%), Russia (60%), Mexico (47%), and the UK (39%).[79] $10 million alone came from 525 IMAX screens, a record for a PG and April release.[49] It further continued to hold the top spot in its third weekend after adding another $98.9 million from 53 territories, falling only by a marginal 32%. IMAX generated another $6.1 million from 484 IMAX theaters for a three-weekend total of $20.6 million.[50] After three straight No. 1 runs, it was finally dethroned by the studio's Captain America: Civil War in its fourth weekend.[80]

text: In India, it scored the second-biggest opening day for a Hollywood film, earning $1.51 million (behind Avengers: Age of Ultron) from around 1,500 screens[81] and went on to score the second-biggest Hollywood opening weekend of all time, with $8.4 million from 1,600 screens, behind only Furious 7 in terms of local as well as U.S. currency,[82][83] performing better than expected and its initial $5–6 million opening projection.[81] Its opening weekend in India alone surpassed the entire lifetime total of Disney's other live-fantasy adaptations—Cinderella, Maleficent, Oz the Great and Powerful, and Alice in Wonderland—in the country.[78] It then went on to score the biggest opening and single week for a Hollywood film with $15.1 million.[77][84] In its second weekend, it dropped just by a mere 40% to $4.97 million.[85] In just ten days, it became the fourth-highest-grossing Hollywood film there with $21.2 million.[63] On Wednesday, April 19—its twelfth day of release—it surpassed Furious 7 to become the highest-grossing Hollywood/foreign release of all time there.[86][87] By the end of its theatrical run, the film made an estimated $38.8 million with half of its revenue—58%—coming from local dubbed versions, compared to Avengers: Age of Ultron, which saw 45% of its revenue from dubbed versions.[88]

text: In China, where the film was locally known as Fantasy Forest, expectations were high, with projections going as high $154–200 million or more.[89][90][91][92] Ultimately, it was unable to hit these marks.[76] Before the release of the film in the state, Disney had a very successful run at the box office with Zootopia the previous month, in which anthropomorphic animals were the central figure.[93] Forbes noted that The Jungle Book was precisely the sort of film that Chinese audiences love with its 3D visuals, heartwarming story, and talking animal cast.[90] It earned around $12 million on its opening day, including $300,000 worth of previews from 65,000 screenings.[90] Buoyed by good word of mouth and positive reception (albeit mostly from audiences with polarized reception from Chinese critics),[94] it rose 72% on its second day to $20 million.[92] Through its opening weekend it grossed $48.5 million, including $5.1 million from 279 IMAX screens, a new record for April release.[63][95] Its opening marked the biggest Walt Disney Pictures film opening ever,[96] the second-biggest for a family film (behind Kung Fu Panda 3), the second-biggest April debut (behind Furious 7), and the fourth-biggest Disney opening (behind Avengers: Age of Ultron, Iron Man 3, and Star Wars: The Force Awakens).[97] It topped the daily box office through the whole opening week and went on to remain at the top of the box office for a second weekend, after dropping by a mere 20% to $29.8 million, despite facing some competitions.[98] It ended its run there with a total of $150.1 million after thirty days of playing in theaters, adding $1.2 million on its last day. Albeit falling just below expectations, it nevertheless emerged as a huge financial success and becoming the fourth-biggest Disney release there.[76][99]

text: In the United Kingdom and Ireland, it had an opening weekend total of £9.9 million ($14.1 million) from 594 theaters[100] and in France with $8.1 million.[79] Elsewhere, the highest openings were recorded in Russia and the CIS ($7.4 million), Germany ($5.1 million), Spain ($3.9 million), Australia ($2.8 million), Argentina ($2.3 million), and in Malaysia, where it scored the biggest opening weekend for a live-action Disney film with $2.3 million.[78][79] In the UK, it became the first film of 2016 to earn over £5 million in three straight weekends and the first film since Jurassic World, Spectre, and Star Wars: The Force Awakens (all 2015 films) to achieve such an accomplishment,[101] and the first film of 2016 to earn above £40 million ($58 million).[102] In South Korea, it faced competition with Warcraft, but ended up debuting atop the charts with $6.2 million.[103] It has so far grossed a total of $18 million there.[104]

text: It opened in Japan on August 11, alongside the superhero film X-Men: Apocalypse[96][105] and delivered a four-day opening of $6.2 million from 676 screens ($3 million in two days), debuting at second place behind The Secret Life of Pets. Although the opening figure was considered mediocre, Deadline Hollywood noted that Japan is a market that can see big multiples.[106][107] It fell just 30% in its second weekend earning $2.1 million for an eleven-day total of $13.7 million.[108][109]

text: In total earnings, its biggest markets outside of the US and Canada were China ($150.1 million), the United Kingdom ($66.2 million) and India ($38.8 million).[99] It was the highest-grossing film of 2016 in Europe with a total of $209 million,[110] the United Kingdom and Ireland,[111] and in India (although it was later surpassed by Sultan, in terms of Hollywood/imported films, it is still the biggest).[112]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film received praise for its visual effects, vocal performances, direction, musical score, and its faithfulness to the animated film.[117][118][119] On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 95% based on 296 reviews, with an average rating of 7.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "As lovely to behold as it is engrossing to watch, The Jungle Book is the rare remake that actually improves upon its predecessors—all while setting a new standard for CGI."[120] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 77 out of 100, based on 49 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews."[121] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an overall positive score of 92%. Ninety-seven percent of the audience gave the film an A or a B, and it got A's from both the under- and over-25 crowd and A+ among those under 18 years of age and also for the over-50 audience.[36]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter wrote, "Exceptionally beautiful to behold and bolstered by a stellar vocal cast, this umpteenth film rendition of Rudyard Kipling's tales of young Mowgli's adventures amongst the creatures of the Indian jungle proves entirely engaging, even if it's ultimately lacking in subtext and thematic heft."[122] Andrew Barker of Variety felt that this version "can't rival the woolly looseness of Disney's 1967 animated classic, of course, but it succeeds on its own so well that such comparisons are barely necessary."[123] Robbie Collin of The Telegraph gave the film four stars out of five, and deemed it "a sincere and full-hearted adaptation that returns to Kipling for fresh inspiration."[124] Alonso Duralde of The Wrap says "This 'Book' might lack the post-vaudeville razzamatazz of its predecessor, but director Jon Favreau and a team of effects wizards plunge us into one of the big screen's most engrossing artificial worlds since Avatar."[125] Peter Bradshaw, writing for The Guardian, gave the film four out of five stars and felt that the film had a touch of Apocalypto in it, finding the plot elements to be similar to those in The Lion King. He wrote that the film was "spectacular, exciting, funny and fun" and that it "handsomely revives the spirit of Disney's original film."[126] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood wrote that the film had laughs, excitement, an exceptional voice cast and, most importantly, a lot of heart, calling it a cinematic achievement like no other. He particularly praised Murray's performance and the visual effects, deeming it "simply astonishing."[127] Chris Nashawaty of Entertainment Weekly graded the film an "A–," calling it one of the biggest surprises of 2016. He, however, felt the two songs were rather unnecessary and distracting, and believed the film to be a little too frightening for children.[128]

text: Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times awarded the film three-and-a-half stars, pointing out the CGI as the apex achievement of the film. He labelled it "a beautifully rendered, visually arresting take on Rudyard Kipling's oft-filmed tales" but found the musical numbers to be trivial, saying that without the musical numbers, the film might have been a more exhilarating streamlined adventure.[129] Los Angeles Times' Kenneth Turan remarked that "The Jungle Book is the kind of family film calculated to make even those without families wish they had one to take along."[130] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone awarded the film three-and-a-half stars out of four, labeling it scary and thrilling, yet unique and unforgettable, and adding that it "fills us with something rare in movies today—a sense of wonder."[131] The Village Voice's Bilge Ebiri hailed the film as fast and light and that it "manages to be just scary enough to make us feel the danger of solitude in the middle of a massive jungle, but never indulgent or gratuitous."[132] The New York Times' Manohla Dargis was less enthusiastic.[133] Cath Clarke of Time Out compared Elba's character of Shere Khan to Scar from The Lion King, calling him "baddie of the year."[134] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com also had high praise for Elba's portrayal of Shere Khan stating: "His loping menace is envisioned so powerfully that he'd be scary no matter what, but the character becomes a great villain through imaginative empathy. We understand and appreciate his point-of-view, even though carrying it out would mean the death of Mowgli."[115]

text: The film's visual effects and 3D photography were compared to those of Avatar, Gravity, Hugo, and Life of Pi.[117][125][135] Sarah Ward of Screen International wrote that the level of detail on display in the film "is likely to evoke the same jaw-dropping reaction as James Cameron's box office topper."[136] Entertainment Weekly called it "one of the few 3D movies that actually benefits from being in 3D."[128] The film also had a positive reception from Indian contemporary critics and publications,[137] such as The Times of India,[138] The Hindu,[139] India Today,[140] The Indian Express,[141] and The Economic Times.[142]

text: The film also had its share of negative reviews with most reviewers criticizing the inconsistent tone of the film and the director's indecision to stick to one vision. Sam C. Mac of Slant Magazine wrote, "Jon Favreau draws heavily on his film's animated predecessor for plot, characterizations, songs, and set pieces, but doesn't know how to fit these familiar elements into his own coherent vision".[143] Josh Spiegel of Movie Mezzanine also echoed these feelings, saying that the film "stumbles because the people involved aren't willing to fully commit to either making a near-shot-for-shot remake or going in a completely different direction".[144] Rene Rodriguez of the Miami Herald felt that the movie was soulless, writing that "The better these talking beasts look, the more the film resembles a gorgeous screen saver. You admire The Jungle Book, but you can't lose yourself in it".[145]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Following the film's early financial and critical success, the studio has begun working on a sequel. Jon Favreau is reported to return as director and Neel Sethi is reported to reprise his role as Mowgli, while screenwriter Justin Marks is also in negotiations to return.[146] It was announced on April 25, 2016, that Favreau and Marks will return to direct and write, and the sequel could potentially have a release sometime in 2019 and will be shot back-to-back with a remake of The Lion King.[147][148][149] However, it was reported in March 2017 that the sequel was put on hold in order for Favreau to instead focus mainly on The Lion King.[150]


document_title: The Gospel of the Holy Twelve

question_text: who wrote the gospel of the holy twelve

question_tokens: who wrote the gospel of the holy twelve

root

text: The Gospel of the Holy Twelve

text: The Gospel of the Holy Twelve is a disputed publication purportedly from the early Christian era which was first serialised in The Lindsey and Lincolnshire Star newspaper between July 30, 1898 and March 10, 1901.[1]

tag: p

text: The first collected edition of essays (or 'Lections') by the author, a former clergyman, Rev. Gideon Jasper Richard Ouseley (1834–1906) was published in 1901. By the time of Ouseley's death the title was out of print but the executor of his manuscript, Samuel Hopgood Hart (1865–1958) re-issued the text in 1924. There have been numerous editions published since the 1950s and the title remains in print and on the Internet.[2]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The Gospel of the Holy Twelve presents vegetarian versions of traditional teachings and events described in the canonical New Testament. The first collected volume was issued by The Order of At-One-Ment and United Templars Society—a publishing imprint which the author had established in 1881. The explanatory preface referred to an ancient source manuscript "preserved in the Monasteries of Thibet" which has never been produced or proven to exist. In subsequent editions, released during the early 1900s, the anonymous Editors revised their claim by stating that the text was "communicated" by departed mystics "in dreams and visions of the night".

text: The work remains unrecognised by academic Biblical scholars and has been dismissed by modern theologians and historians of the animal rights movement. In response to a campaign by People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals which claimed "Jesus was a Vegetarian", the Reverend Professor Andrew Linzey referred to The Gospel of the Holy Twelve and similar publications, stating, "try as I may, I can find no evidence for their antiquity and I deeply fear that they are works of fiction."[3] Richard Alan Young, a Professor of New Testament Studies has similarly stated, "It appears that Ouseley created The Gospel of the Holy Twelve in support of animal welfare and vegetarianism."[4]

text: The thematic tendency of Rev Ouseley to revise and rewrite traditional Biblical passages along vegetarian lines in the course of his publishing activity is examined by John M. Gilheany, who notes that the authenticity of the Gospel of the Holy Twelve was severely challenged by animal rights pioneer Henry Stephens Salt (1851–1939) in a memoir as well as in the vegetarian press.[5]


document_title: Love Island (series 2)

question_text: what episode does alex come into love island

text: Love Island (series 2)

text: Production[edit]

text: On Valentine's Day, 14 February 2016, it was confirmed that Love Island would return for a second series due to air later in the year.[9] On 18 May 2016 it was confirmed that the series would begin on 30 May 2016,[1] but had scrapped the live eliminations.[10] A one-minute trailer for the series aired on 23 May 2016.[11] Pictures of the villa were unveiled on 28 May 2016.[12] The villa is located in Mallorca with 69 cameras watching the Islanders' every move. It only includes double beds forcing them to share with each other, but has a special Hideaway bedroom for couples to spend the night away from the others.

text: Islanders[edit]

text: The Islanders for the second series were revealed on 24 May 2016, just a week before the launch.[13] However, throughout the series, more Islanders entered the villa to find love. Some Islanders were dumped from the island for either failing to couple up, some were voted off by their fellow Islanders, and others for receiving the least votes in public eliminations. The series was won by Cara and Nathan on 11 July 2016 having received 54% of the vote.[14]

text:
Islander
Age
Hometown
Entered
Status
Ref

Cara De La Hoyde
26
Kent
Day 1
Winner (Day 45)
[15]

Nathan Massey
25
Essex
Day 1
Winner (Day 45)
[16]

Alex Bowen
24
Birmingham
Day 18
Runner-up (Day 45)
[17]

Olivia Buckland
22
Essex
Day 1
Runner-up (Day 45)
[18]

Kady McDermott
20
Stevenage
Day 3
Third place (Day 45)
[19]

Scott Thomas
28
Manchester
Day 1
Third place (Day 45)
[20]

Adam Maxted
24
Belfast
Day 11
Dumped (Day 45)
[21]

Katie Salmon
20
The Wirral
Day 34
Dumped (Day 45)
[22]

Emma Jane Woodham
19
Oxford
Day 27
Dumped (Day 41)
[23]

Terry Walsh
28
Surrey
Day 3
Dumped (Day 41)
[24]

Adam Jukes
23
Manchester
Day 34
Dumped (Day 41)
[25]

Lauren Whiteside
25
Blackpool
Day 37
Dumped (Day 41)
[26]

Tina Stinnes
21
London
Day 20
Dumped (Day 40)
[27]

Sophie Gradon
30
Newcastle
Day 1
Walked (Day 39)
[28]

Troy Frith
23
Kent
Day 30
Dumped (Day 37)
[29]

Tom Powell
24
Port Talbot
Day 1
Dumped (Day 33)
[30]

Liana Isadora Van Riel
20
Exeter
Day 20
Dumped (Day 33)
[27]

Oliver Maxwell Fernandez
25
Hertfordshire
Day 30
Dumped (Day 31)
[29]

Malin Andersson
23
Milton Keynes
Day 1
Dumped (Day 25)
[31]

Zara Holland
20
Hull
Day 1
Walked (Day 22)
[32]

James Khan
20
Teddington
Day 18
Dumped (Day 20)
[33]

Rykard Jenkins
25
Kent
Day 1
Walked (Day 15)
[34]

Daniel Lukakis
23
London
Day 1
Dumped (Day 15)
[35]

Rachel Fenton
23
Hampshire
Day 7
Dumped (Day 15)
[36]

Malia Arkian
26
Manchester
Day 7
Removed (Day 7)
[37]

Javi Shephard
27
York
Day 1
Dumped (Day 6)
[38]

text: Coupling[edit]

text: The couples were chosen shortly after the contestants entered the villa. After all of the girls entered, the boys were asked to choose a girl to pair up with.[39] Sophie was paired with Tom, Cara with Nathan, Malin and Rykard paired up, Zara and Scott coupled up, whilst Olivia paired up with Daniel and Javi remained single.[40] However, throughout the series the couples swapped and changed.

text:
Day 1
Day 6
Day 13
Day 20
Day 32
Day 37
Day 40
Final

Cara
Nathan
Nathan
Nathan
Nathan
Nathan
Nathan
Nathan
Winner
(Day 45)

Nathan
Cara
Cara
Cara
Cara
Cara
Cara
Cara
Winner
(Day 45)

Alex
Not in Villa
Olivia
Olivia
Olivia
Olivia
Runner-up
(Day 45)

Olivia
Daniel
Rykard
Adam M
Alex
Alex
Alex
Alex
Runner-up
(Day 45)

Kady
Not in Villa
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Scott
Third place
(Day 45)

Scott
Zara
Kady
Kady
Kady
Kady
Kady
Kady
Third place
(Day 45)

Adam M
Not in Villa
Olivia
Zara
Liana
Tina
Katie
Fourth place
(Day 45)

Katie
Not in Villa
Sophie
Adam M
Fourth place
(Day 45)

Emma
Not in Villa
Terry
Terry
Terry
Dumped
(Day 41)

Terry
Not in Villa
Malin
Malin
Malin
Emma
Emma
Emma
Dumped
(Day 41)

Adam J
Not in Villa
Lauren
Lauren
Dumped
(Day 41)

Lauren
Not in Villa
Adam J
Adam J
Dumped
(Day 41)

Tina
Not in Villa
Troy
Adam M
Dumped
(Day 40)

Sophie
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Tom
Katie
Walked
(Day 39)

Troy
Not in Villa
Tina
Dumped
(Day 37)

Tom
Sophie
Sophie
Sophie
Sophie
Sophie
Dumped
(Day 33)

Liana
Not in Villa
Adam M
Dumped
(Day 33)

Oliver
Not in Villa
Dumped
(Day 31)

Malin
Rykard
Terry
Terry
Terry
Dumped
(Day 25)

Zara
Scott
Daniel
Daniel
Adam M
Walked
(Day 22)

James
Not in Villa
Dumped
(Day 20)

Rykard
Malin
Olivia
Rachel
Walked
(Day 15)

Daniel
Olivia
Zara
Zara
Dumped
(Day 15)

Rachel
Not in Villa
Rykard
Dumped
(Day 15)

Malia
Not in Villa
Removed
(Day 7)

Javi
N/A
Dumped
(Day 6)

Notes
none
1
none
2
none
3
4
none

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^Note 1 : As new arrivals, Kady and Terry could not couple up with each other.
^Note 2 : On Day 21, new Islanders Liana and Tina were asked to put two couples on a break and separate them for the night. They chose Alex and Olivia, and Kady and Scott. As a result, Scott became coupled up with Tina for the night, and Liana was coupled with Alex.
^Note 3 : On Day 37, due to Sophie and Katie coupling up, this left two single boys Adam J and Troy. Lauren then entered the villa to choose which one to couple up with and which to dump from the island.
^Note 4 : As Adam J and Lauren were already immune, they were automatically coupled up.

tag: ul

text: Weekly summary[edit]

text: The main events in the Love Island villa are summarised in the table below.

text:
Week 1
Entrances

On Day 1, Cara, Daniel, Javi, Malin, Nathan, Olivia, Rykard, Scott, Sophie, Tom and Zara entered the villa.[41]
On Day 3, Kady and Terry entered the villa.[42]

Coupling

On Day 1, the Islanders coupled up for the first time. After all of the girls entered, the boys were asked to choose a girl to pair up with. Sophie was paired with Tom, Cara with Nathan, Malin and Rykard paired up, Zara and Scott coupled up, whilst Olivia paired up with Daniel and Javi remained single.[43]
On Day 6, the Islanders re-coupled. This time it was the girls who had to pick a boy to pair up with. Cara and Nathan, and Sophie and Tom were the only couples to remain together, whilst Olivia picked Rykard, Kady went with Scott, Malin chose Terry, and Zara coupled up with Daniel. As Javi remained single he was dumped from the island.[44]

Challenges

On Day 2, the boys went up against the girls in a game of Beer pong with a twist. A secret about an Islander was in each cup, and if the ball landed in the cup, the Islander who threw the ball would have to guess who the secret is about. To lock in their answer they had to kiss that chosen Islander.[45]
On Day 6, the boys competed in "Love Island's Strongest Man", where they took part in a number of physical activities in order to prove their strength. At the end of the competition Daniel was announced as the winner.

Dates

On Day 3, Cara and Nathan left the villa to go on their first date.
On Day 4, Javi was asked to choose one of the girls to go on a date with him. He chose Kady.
On Day 5, Terry had to choose two girls to cook him dinner then date separately. He chose Malin and Olivia, whilst Kady had to choose two boys to do the same. She chose Daniel and Scott.[46]

Exits

On Day 6, Javi was eliminated after failing to couple up.[47]

Week 2
Entrances

On Day 7, Malia and Rachel entered the villa.[48]
On Day 11, Adam M entered the villa.[49]

Coupling

On Day 13, the Islanders re-coupled once again. They were told that whoever new Islander Adam M coupled up with would be safe from the next elimination. Nathan and Cara, Scott and Kady, Terry and Malin, Tom and Sophie, Zara and Daniel remained coupled together, whilst Rykard picked Rachel, and Adam M chose Olivia.[50]

Challenges

On Day 7, Tom and Sophie hosted "A Trifling Matter" where the other couples competed to pass trifle ingredients from one bowl to another by passing with their mouths only. Olivia and Rykard won this challenge.
On Day 9, the boys competed against each other to sweat the most after doing physical exercise, then place their sweaty clothes into a bag. The girls then had to judge the scent of the boys without knowing which bag belonged to who, and then choose the most attractive scent. As most of the girls chose Rykard, he won the challenge.
On Day 11, Rachel hosted as the Islanders took part in "Size Matters" where the girls had to use clay to make models of their partner's penis. The boys then had to make models of their own penis. The couple with the most similar models won the challenge. This was Tom and Sophie.

Dates

On Day 7, Scott left the villa to go on a date with new Islander Malia, whilst Daniel left to date new Islander Rachel.[48]
On Day 9, Daniel and Zara left the villa to go on a date feeding ostriches.
On Day 9, after winning a challenge, Rykard chose to spend the night with Rachel in the Hideaway.
On Day 10, the girls speed dated four potential new Islanders.[51]
On Day 12, as the new Islander, Adam M was given the opportunity to take three girls out of the villa and date them separately. He chose Olivia, Sophie and Zara.[52]

Exits

On Day 7, Malia was removed from the villa following an calcification with Kady.[53]

Week 3
Entrances

On Day 18, Alex and James entered the villa.[54]
On Day 20, Liana and Tina entered the villa.[55]

Coupling

On Day 20, the Islanders re-coupled again, where the girls chose the boy they wanted to be in a couple with. Cara and Nathan, Kady and Scott, Malin and Terry, and Sophie and Tom remained together, whilst Zara chose Adam M, and Olivia picked Alex. As James remained single, he was dumped from the island.[56]

Challenges

On Day 16, the Islanders had to do dares that they randomly picked from a cup.
On Day 17, the Islanders were tested on how well they knew their other half. As the only single girl, Zara hosted the quiz. Tom and Sophie were announced as the winners of this challenge, and were rewarded with a video call home.[57]
On Day 18, Alex and James rated the other Islanders from most to least in a number of categories. The Islanders had to guess what Alex and James voted.[58]
On Day 19, the girls went head-to-head against each other in a pool of gunge. To win the game they had to be the first one to take the socks from their opponent. As Olivia was the fastest winner, she won the challenge overall.

Dates

On Day 17, the public voted Malin and Terry to go on a date.
On Day 18, the public voted Zara to date one of the new Islanders. She then chose Alex to spend the night in the Hideaway with her.[59]
On Day 19, new Islanders Alex and James were asked to choose one girl each to take on a date. Alex chose Olivia, and James chose Kady.[60]

Exits

On Day 15, after receiving the least amount of public votes, Daniel and Zara, and Rykard and Rachel were in danger of leaving. The remaining couples had to choose one member of each couple to dump from the island. They chose Daniel and Rachel.[61]
On Day 15, following Rachel's elimination, Rykard decided to leave the villa.[62]
On Day 20, James was eliminated after failing to couple up.[56]

Week 4
Entrances

On Day 27, Emma entered the villa.[63]

Coupling

On Day 21, Liana and Tina were asked to put two coupled on a break, and couple up with that boy for the night. Liana chose Alex and Olivia, whilst Tina chose Scott and Kady.[64]

Challenges

On Day 21, new Islanders Liana and Tina were asked to put two couples on a break and separate them for the night. They chose Alex and Olivia, and Kady and Scott. As a result, Scott became coupled up with Tina for the night, and Liana was coupled with Alex.
On Day 24, the boys had to revise on a subject to do with love, with the girls testing them afterwards. Scott was the winner of the quiz, and was rewarded with a video call home.[65]
On Day 24, the girls took part in a "Miss Love Island 2016" competition where they each had to show off their talents. The boys chose Sophie as the winner.
On Day 25, the Islanders were given quotes which had been said about them in the villa. The Islanders had to throw a mug of cold tea over the Islander they thought said the quote.
On Day 26, the boys each had to complete an undercover assignment without the girls knowing. They completed their missions and were rewarded with a football and goal posts.
On Day 27, the girls had to attempt to raise their partners heart rate. The girl who raised their boy's heart rate the most would win the challenge. Scott and Kady were the winners.

Dates

On Day 23, Tom and Sophie left the villa to go on a date.
On Day 23, Cara and Nathan spent the night in the Hideaway following a date.
On Day 27, Scott and Kady left the villa to go on a shopping date to buy food to cook for their fellow Islanders that night.
On Day 27, Adam M and Terry went on a date with new Islander Emma before she entered the villa.

Exits

On Day 22, Zara decided to leave the villa due to a family emergency.[4]
On Day 25, the public voted for their favourite girl in the villa. As Malin received the fewest votes, she was eliminated.[66]

Week 5
Entrances

On Day 30, Oliver and Troy entered the villa, but were instantly told that only one of them would be staying.[67]
On Day 34, Adam J and Katie entered the villa after being chosen by the other Islanders.[68]

Coupling

On Day 32, the Islanders re-coupled again, where the boys chose which girls they'd like to couple up with. They were told that Troy and the girl he chose would be immune from the next dumping. Cara and Nathan, Alex and Olivia, Scott and Kady and Sophie and Tom decided to remain together, whilst Terry chose to couple up with Emma, Adam M picked Liana, and Troy chose Tina.[69]

Challenges

On Day 30, the Islanders were all blindfolded and had to find their partner. During the task, Oliver and Troy entered the villa to join in.
On Day 32, the girls had to build some flat pack furniture. However it was the boys who had the instructions. The girls had to phone their partner who would explain how to build it over the phone. As Emma and Sophie ditched the boys and built it themselves, they won champagne.
On Day 34, potential new Islanders entered the villa and were put through a number of tests by the original Islanders. The boys chose Katie to stay, whilst the girls chose Adam J to stay.[70]

Dates

On Day 29, as a new Islander, Emma was asked to choose one boy to go on a date with. She chose Terry.
On Day 30, as new Islanders, Oliver and Troy were able to take three girls on a date. Oliver chose Kady, Sophie and Tina, whilst Troy chose Liana, Tina and Kady.
On Day 31, for Nathan's birthday, he left the villa to go on a date with Cara.
On Day 32, Troy and Tina left the villa to go on a date.[71]

Exits

On Day 31, the girls were asked to choose one of the new Islanders; Oliver and Troy to be dumped from the island. They chose to eliminate Oliver.[72]
On Day 33, Liana and Tom were dumped from the island following the Islander's decision to vote for Tom and Sophie, and Adam M and Liana as the weakest couples. The public then voted to save one Islander from each couple. They saved Sophie and Adam M leaving Liana and Tom eliminated.[73]

Week 6
Entrances

On Day 37, Lauren entered the villa.

Coupling

On Day 37, the Islanders re-coupled once again, where the girls had to choose who they wanted to couple up with. Nathan and Cara, Terry and Emma, Scott and Kady, and Alex and Olivia all remained with each other, whilst Tina chose to be with Adam M, and Katie decided to couple up with Sophie. This left Adam J and Troy single. Lauren then entered the villa and was asked to couple up with one of the single boys. She chose Adam J, which caused Troy to be dumped from the island.
On Day 40, due to Sophie's exit from the villa, the Islanders re-coupled for the final time. As Lauren and Adam J were already immune, they were automatically coupled up. Cara and Nathan, Scott and Kady, Terry and Emma, Alex and Olivia all remained together, whilst Adam M chose Katie. This left Tina single who was therefore dumped from the island.[74]

Challenges

On Day 36, the couples took part in a quiz hosted by Adam J and Katie. The answers to the questions were either A, B or C and the Islanders had swim to the correct answer in order to score a point. Alex and Olivia were the winners of the quiz.
On Day 38, the Islanders were shown a number of tweets from viewers. They had to then guess who each tweet was about by finding the answer in a pool.
On Day 39, the couples were given a dog for the day to look after.[75]
On Day 40, the boys took a lie detector test with the girls asking the questions.[76]
On Day 40 and 41, the couples had their parenting skills tested by looking after dolls.

Dates

On Day 35, as new Islanders, Adam J and Katie were asked to choose three other Islanders to take on dates. Adam J chose Sophie, Olivia and Tina, whilst Katie chose Alex, Adam M and Sophie.
On Day 37, Scott and Terry left the villa to go on a mates date. They were then interrupted by Malin who returned to confront Terry.[77]
On Day 37, having failed to couple up, Adam J and Troy were given a final opportunity to save themselves by dating new Islander Lauren. She then chose which of the two should remain in the villa.
On Day 40, Adam M and Katie left the villa to go on a date.
On Day 41, as a reward for winning the parenting challenge, Cara and Nathan left the villa to go on a date.

Exits

On Day 37, Troy was eliminated after failing to couple up.
On Day 39, Sophie decided to leave the villa.[5]
On Day 40, Tina was eliminated after failing to couple up.[74]
On Day 41, Adam J and Lauren, and Emma and Terry were eliminated after receiving the fewest public votes to save.[78]

Week 7

Entrances

On Day 42, the Islander's friends and family briefly entered the villa.[79]

Challenges

On Day 44, the Islanders were told that they'd be hosting "Love Island Summer Ball". The boys had to learn how to dance to impress the girls, whilst they left the villa to go shopping for dresses.
On Day 45, as winners, Cara and Nathan were given the choice of two envelopes. One containing £50,000 and the other containing nothing. As Cara picked the one with the money in, she was given the choice to keep it for herself of split the money with Nathan. She chose to share.

Dates

On Day 43, the Islanders chose Adam M and Katie to spend the night in the Hideaway.

Exits

On Day 45, Adam M and Katie left the villa in fourth place, whilst Scott and Kady finished third. Cara and Nathan were then voted the winners, leaving Alex and Olivia as runners-up.[80]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Official ratings are taken from BARB and include ITV2 +1.[81] Because the Saturday episodes are weekly catch-up episodes rather than nightly highlights, these are not included in the overall averages.

text:
Viewers (millions)

Week 1
Week 2
Week 3
Week 4
Week 5
Week 6
Week 7

Sunday

1.21
1.36
1.62
1.61
1.60
1.32

Monday
1.23
1.21
1.40
1.54
1.66
1.73
1.69

Tuesday
1.16
1.13
1.36
1.58
1.66
1.80

Wednesday
1.22
1.48
1.36
1.53
1.54
1.54

Thursday
1.25
1.34
1.46
1.66
1.66
1.42

Friday
1.40
1.31
1.55
1.63
1.63
1.47

Weekly average
1.25
1.28
1.42
1.59
1.63
1.59
1.51

Running average
1.25
1.27
1.32
1.39
1.43
1.46
1.47

Series average
1.47


document_title: New England Patriots

question_text: who played the patriots in the last super bowl

text: New England Patriots

text: Franchise history

text: On November 16, 1959, Boston business executive Billy Sullivan was awarded the eighth and final franchise of the developing American Football League (AFL). The following winter, locals were allowed to submit ideas for the Boston football team's official name. The most popular choice – and the one that Sullivan selected – was the "Boston Patriots". Immediately thereafter, artist Phil Bissell of The Boston Globe developed the "Pat Patriot" logo.[6]

text: The Patriots struggled for most of their years in the AFL, and they never had a regular home stadium. Nickerson Field, Harvard Stadium, Fenway Park, and Alumni Stadium all served as home fields during their time in the American Football League. They played in only one AFL championship game, following the 1963 season, in which they lost to the San Diego Chargers 51–10. They did not appear again in an AFL or NFL post-season game for another 13 years.[6]

text: When the NFL and AFL merged in 1970, the Patriots were placed in the American Football Conference (AFC) East division, where they still play today.[6] The following year, the Patriots moved to a new stadium in Foxborough, Massachusetts, which would serve as their home for the next 30 years. As a result of the move, they announced they would change their name from the Boston Patriots to the Bay State Patriots.[5] The name was rejected by the NFL and on March 22, 1971, the team officially announced they would change its geographic name to New England.[6]

text: During the 1970s, the Patriots had some success, earning a berth to the playoffs in 1976—as a wild card team—and in 1978—as AFC East champions. They lost in the first round both times. In 1985, they returned to the playoffs, and made it all the way to Super Bowl XX, which they lost to the Chicago Bears 46–10. Following their Super Bowl loss, they returned to the playoffs in 1986, but lost in the first round. The team would not make the playoffs again for eight more years. During the 1990 season, the Patriots went 1–15. They changed ownership three times in the ensuing 14 years, being purchased from the Sullivan family first by Victor Kiam in 1988, who sold the team to James Orthwein in 1992. Orthwein intended to move the team to his native St. Louis, Missouri (where it would have been renamed as the St. Louis Stallions), but instead sold the team in 1994 to its current owner Robert Kraft.[6]

text: Though Orthwein's period as owner was short and controversial, he did oversee major changes to the team, first with the hiring of former New York Giants coach Bill Parcells in 1993. Orthwein and his marketing team also commissioned the NFL to develop a new visual identity and logo, and changed their primary colors from the traditional red, white and blue to blue and silver for the team uniforms.[7] Parcells would bring the Patriots to two playoff appearances, including Super Bowl XXXI, which they lost to the Green Bay Packers by a score of 35–21. Pete Carroll, Parcells's successor, would also take the team to the playoffs twice in 1997 & 1998 before being dismissed as head coach after the 1999 season.[6]

text: The Patriots' current coach, Bill Belichick, was hired in 2000, and a new home field, Gillette Stadium, was opened in 2002. Under Belichick, the team won three Super Bowls in four years (2001, 2003, and 2004). The Patriots finished the 2007 regular season with a perfect 16–0 record, becoming only the fourth team in league history to go undefeated in the regular season, and the only one since the league expanded its regular season schedule to 16 games.[6] After advancing to Super Bowl XLII, the team's fourth Super Bowl in seven years, the Patriots were defeated by the Giants to end their bid for a 19–0 season. With the loss, the Patriots ended the year at 18–1, becoming only one of three teams to go 18–1 along with the 1984 San Francisco 49ers and the 1985 Chicago Bears. The Patriots' returned to the Super Bowl in 2012 but lost again to the Giants, 21–17.[8] In 2015, they won Super Bowl XLIX, defeating the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 28–24.[9] The Patriots became the first team to reach nine Super Bowls in the 2016–17 playoffs and faced the Atlanta Falcons in Super Bowl LI,[10] which ended up paving the way for their fifth Super Bowl victory,[11] tying them with the Dallas Cowboys and the San Francisco 49ers for the second-most in NFL history, 1 behind the Pittsburgh Steelers with 6; the game was also the first Super Bowl to go into overtime.[12]

text: Season-by-season records

text: Records

text:
All-time Patriots leaders

Leader
Player
Record number
Years played for Patriots

Passing[13]
Tom Brady
61,582 passing yards
2000–present

Rushing[14]
Sam Cunningham
5,453 rushing yards
1973–1982

Receiving[15]
Stanley Morgan
10,352 receiving yards
1977–1989

Scoring[16]
Stephen Gostkowski
1,457 points
2006–present

Coaching wins[17]
Bill Belichick
201 wins
2000–present

text: Rivalries

text: In terms of number of games played, the Patriots have competed most against teams either currently or formerly from the AFC East division. This includes the current teams, the New York Jets, the Miami Dolphins, and the Buffalo Bills, as well as former divisional opponents the Indianapolis Colts. Among those, however, a few run deeper than others.[citation needed]

text: New York Jets

text: The closest geographically has been the rivalry with the New York Jets.[19] The Patriots and Jets have been in the same division (what is now the AFC East) since both teams' foundings in 1960, and have played each other at least twice a year since then.[20] The rivalry between the Jets and Patriots has escalated since 1996, when Patriots head coach Bill Parcells left the Patriots under controversy to become the head coach of the Jets; he was replaced by former Jets coach Pete Carroll.[20] Four years later Carroll was fired, and Parcells's assistant, Bill Belichick, resigned the day he was named the Jets' head coach to become the head coach of the Patriots.[21] Six years after that, Eric Mangini, an assistant under Belichick, became the head coach of the Jets.[22]

text: Bill Belichick achieved his 200th career head coaching win (regular season and playoffs) on November 22, 2012, defeating the Jets 49–19; it was his 163rd such win as Patriots coach.[23] The Patriots defeated the Jets in Week seven of the 2015 season by a score of 30–23, to give them a 6–0 record to date. [24]

text: Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts

text: The Patriots rivalry with the Baltimore/Indianapolis Colts ran through the two clubs' tenure together in the AFC East (1970–2001). The two clubs clashed in several close games, such as on December 19, 1971, as a late Patriots touchdown decided a 21–17 New England win; on September 18, 1978, the Colts rallied to defeat the Patriots 34–27 on Monday Night Football on a virtual one-man scoring rampage by running back Joe Washington; on September 4, 1983, the Colts defeated the Patriots in overtime 29–23 in their final season in Baltimore.[25] The Patriots defeated the Colts in back-to-back overtime games, 23–17 on December 8, 1991, and 37–34 on November 15, 1992.[25]

text: Even though the two clubs were placed in separate divisions in the NFL's 2002 divisional realignment, their rivalry did not diminish. At that time, both teams were among the best in the AFC, and both were led by likely Hall of Fame quarterbacks, Peyton Manning (for the Colts) and Tom Brady (for the Patriots) The teams met three times in four years (2003, 2004, 2006) in the playoffs, with the winner going on to win that season's Super Bowl each time. The Manning portion of the rivalry began in Manning's rookie season, 1998; in 1999 Manning suffered a bitter 31–28 loss in September as the Patriots behind Drew Bledsoe erased a 28–7 Colts lead, then defeated the Patriots 20–15 in Indianapolis on December 12. The Brady–Manning portion of the rivalry began on September 30, 2001, as Brady made his first NFL start in a 44–13 Patriots win at Foxboro; on October 21 the Patriots defeated the Colts at the RCA Dome 38–17.[25]

text: After the Colts left the AFC East in 2002, they first met on November 30, 2003, in a 38–34 Patriots win decided on a last-second goal line stand by the Patriots.[25] The Colts broke a six-game Patriot winning streak in the rivalry in November 2005,[25] then won twice in 2006;[25] in the AFC Championship Game the Colts erased a 21–6 halftime lead; the game lead tied or changed seven times in the second half before a late touchdown led to a 38–34 Colts win. The November 4, 2007, meeting involved both teams being unbeaten to that point; the 8–0 Patriots and the 7–0 Colts. The Patriots rallied to win 24–20.[26] The Colts won again in 2008 and then erased a large Patriots lead in 2009's 4th and 2 game. Manning's final meeting with the Patriots as a Colt came in November 2010; a late interception sealed a 31–28 Patriots win.[27] In 2012, the Patriots faced the Colts, quarterbacked now by Andrew Luck, on November 18; the Patriots defeated the Colts 59–24. The Patriots also beat the Colts on January 12, 2014, 43–22.[28] The Patriots played the Colts in the playoffs again on January 18, 2015, in the AFC title game, winning 45–7.[29]

text: Buffalo Bills

text: The Patriots and the Bills were both charter members of the AFL, and even competed with each other in an AFL playoff game. They have remained divisional rivals since the NFL-AFL merger. Prior to the rise of Tom Brady, the two teams shared a mellow, yet occasionally competitive rivalry, featuring highlights from players such as O.J. Simpson, Steve Grogan, Joe Ferguson, Jim Kelly, and Drew Bledsoe. However, Brady has dominated the Bills ever since taking over as the Patriots' franchise quarterback, holding a 26-3 regular season record over them.[30] Though Patriots fans usually feel apathetic towards the Bills, Bills fans have come to despise the Patriots more than any other rival.[31] The rivalry has remained somewhat intense in recent years with multiple players having played for both teams, the Bills usually giving their all when playing the Patriots, and the presence of Rex Ryan, who coached both the Bills and Jets and was known for his trash-talk.[32]

text: Miami Dolphins

text: The Patriots first played the Miami Dolphins in 1966 in the AFL, when Miami was one of two expansion teams to debut that year in that league. The Dolphins dominated the Patriots in the 1970s and 1990s, but the two teams remained competitive with each other for years before the rise of Tom Brady. Brady, however, struggled occasionally against the Dolphins in the 2000s before reasserting dominance in the 2010s. The Patriots and Dolphins are the only two teams in the Super Bowl era to post undefeated regular season records, with Miami going 14-0 in 1972 and the Patriots going 16-0 in 2007.[33] Notable moments between the clubs include the Snowplow Game, three playoff matchups, and the Dolphins revealing their Wildcat offense against the Patriots.[34]

text: Baltimore Ravens

text: The Ravens first met the New England Patriots in 1996,[35] but the rivalry truly started in 2007 when the Ravens suffered a bitter 27–24 loss in the Patriots' quest for perfection.[36] The rivalry began to escalate in 2009 when the Ravens lost to the Patriots 27–21 in a game that involved a confrontation between Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and Ravens linebacker Terrell Suggs.[37] Both players would go on to take verbal shots at each other through the media after the game. The Ravens defeated the Patriots in the 2009 AFC Wild Card playoff game, 33–14.[38] This was the first time the Ravens had ever defeated the Patriots. The Ravens faced the Patriots in week six of the 2010 season. The Patriots ended up winning 23–20 in overtime; the game caused controversy from a hit to the helmet of tight end Todd Heap by Patriots safety Brandon Meriweather.[39]

text: The Ravens played the Patriots for the third consecutive season in the 2012 AFC championship game, which the Ravens lost 23–20.[40] The rivalry reached a new level of friction with this, the second career playoff game between the two clubs. The Ravens clawed to a 20–16 lead in the fourth quarter, but Patriots quarterback Tom Brady dove into the end zone to make the score 23–20 with around 11 minutes remaining; this proved to be the winning touchdown.[40] On the Ravens' last possession of the game, quarterback Joe Flacco threw a pass to wide receiver Lee Evans in the corner of the end zone which looked to be the game-winning touchdown, before a last-second strip by Sterling Moore forced the ball from the hands of Evans, forcing the game to be decided on a last-minute field goal by Ravens placekicker Billy Cundiff.[40] With 11 seconds remaining on the clock, the kicker missed the 32-yard field goal attempt, allowing the Patriots to kill the clock on their way to Super Bowl XLVI for a rematch with the New York Giants.[40]

text: The Ravens' first regular-season win over the Patriots came on September 23, 2012. The game was emotional as receiver Torrey Smith was competing following the death of his brother in a motorcycle accident just the night before.[41] Smith caught two touchdowns in a back and forth game; the Ravens erased a 13–0 lead in the first half and led 14–13, but the Patriots scored at the end of the second quarter for a 20–14 lead. The lead changed twice in the third quarter and the Patriots led 30–21 in the fourth, but the Ravens scored on Smith's second touchdown catch. The Ravens were stopped on fourth down but the Patriots had to punt; in the final two minutes a pass interference penalty on Devin McCourty put the ball at the Patriots 7-yard line; new Ravens kicker Justin Tucker booted a 27-yard field goal on the final play; the ball sailed directly over the upright and was ruled good; the quality of officiating by replacement referees caused controversy as Bill Belichick angrily reached for one of the referees as they were leaving the field, leading to a $50,000 fine later that week.[42]

text: The two teams met again on January 20, 2013, in the AFC Championship, where the Ravens won 28–13.[43] The Patriots led at halftime, 13–7, but the Ravens defense gave up no points in the 2nd half.[43] It was the first time ever that Tom Brady lost a game at home after leading at halftime, and the first time a road team beat the Patriots in the AFC Championship.[43]

text: The two teams met once again at Gillette Stadium in the playoffs on January 10, 2015. The Patriots trailed by as much as 14 twice, before beating the Ravens 35–31 to advance to the AFC Championship.[44]

text: Controversies

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2017)

text: "Spygate"

text: "Deflategate"

text: During the 2015 AFC Championship Game against the Indianapolis Colts, allegations arose that the Patriots were utilizing under-inflated footballs. It was even suggested that the Patriots' staff themselves deliberately deflated the footballs to give their team an unfair advantage during the playoffs. [45][46] A lengthy investigation and heated debate commenced shortly afterwards, with a full report being published in May 2015.[47][48] The Wells Report found that balls provided by the Patriots, who were the home team, indeed had less pressure on average than the balls provided by the Colts. Also notable was the findings of some suggestions of communication between Tom Brady and two Patriots locker room attendants, indicating Brady was likely "generally aware" of the situation and that the Patriots staff intentionally deflated the footballs.[48] A later study by the American Enterprise Institute called the evidence and methodology of the Wells report "deeply flawed" and "unreliable".[49]

text: In the aftermath of the incident, the NFL suspended Brady without pay for the first four games of the 2015 season, fined the Patriots $1 million, and forced them to forfeit their 2016 first round draft pick and 2017 fourth round draft pick. Brady appealed his suspension, which was eventually vacated by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, only for the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit to reinstate it a year later for the 2016 NFL season.[50] Brady eventually agreed to serve the suspension in 2016, but led the Patriots to win Super Bowl LI in spite of it.

text: Strategy

text: Under head coach Bill Belichick, the Patriots have employed specific on-field and off-field strategies. On the field, the Patriots have typically utilized an "Erhardt–Perkins" offense and a "Fairbanks–Bullough" 3–4 defense, referred to commonly as a two-gap 3–4 defensive system.[51] Their philosophy in making personnel decisions and in game planning has focused on the "team" concept,[52] stressing preparation, strong work ethic, versatility,[53] and lack of individual ego.[54] This approach, which has led to five Super Bowl victories under Belichick, was analyzed in the 2004 book Patriot Reign.

text: When owner Robert Kraft purchased the team in 1994, he did so for $175 million. Since then, the Patriots have sold out every home game in both Foxboro Stadium and Gillette Stadium.[6] By 2009, the value of the franchise had increased by over $1 billion, to a Forbes magazine estimated value of $1.361 billion, third highest in the NFL only behind the Dallas Cowboys and Washington Redskins.[55][56][57] As of July 2015[update], the Patriots are the seventh most valuable sports franchise in the world according to Forbes magazine.[58]

text: Stadium

text: Since 2002, the Patriots' home stadium has been Gillette Stadium, a $350 million facility privately financed by Kraft. It houses all administrative offices for the team and its owning entity, The Kraft Group, as well as the Kraft-owned Major League Soccer team, the New England Revolution.[59] The field, which was originally natural grass, was replaced with a FieldTurf surface during the 2006 season.[60] The area around the stadium was developed, beginning in 2007, into a $375 million "lifestyle and entertainment center" called Patriot Place; among its largest structures is a multi-floor restaurant and bar called CBS Scene.[61]

text: Prior to 2002, the Patriots played in Foxboro Stadium dating back to 1971, the team's second year in the NFL after the AFL–NFL merger.[59] During the team's days in the American Football League, the Boston Patriots were hosted by a number of fields in or around Boston—they played at Braves Field, Harvard Stadium, Fenway Park, and Alumni Stadium.[59]

text: Logos and uniforms

text: Logos

text: The Patriots original logo was a simple tricorner hat, used only for the 1960 season. From 1961 to 1992, the Patriots used a logo of a Revolutionary War minuteman hiking a football. The Patriots script logo during this time consisted of a western-style font. The minuteman logo became known as the "Pat Patriot" logo, which later became the name of the team's mascot.[63]

text: In 1993, a new logo was unveiled involving the gray face of a minuteman wearing a red, white and blue hat that begins as a tricorner and transitions into a flowing banner-like design. It became popularly known as the "Flying Elvis".[63] This remains the team's logo today, with the blue being darkened in 2000.[63]

text: On July 3, 2013, the Patriots unveiled a new wordmark logo.[62]

text: Uniforms

text: The Patriots originally wore red jerseys with white block numbering at home, and white jerseys with red block numbering on the road. Both uniforms used white pants and white helmets, first with the hat logo over the player's number, then with the "Pat Patriot" logo starting in 1961.[64] A blue stripe was added to the two red helmet stripes in 1964.[64] The numbers on both the home and away jerseys gained a blue outline in 1973.[64] In 1979, the Patriots began the first of many sporadic runs of wearing red pants with the white jerseys.[64] The red pants were dropped in 1981, but returned in 1984. After being dropped again in 1988, they were used again from 1990 to 1992.[64]

text: The Patriots underwent a complete identity overhaul before the 1993 season, starting with the introduction of the aforementioned "Flying Elvis" logo. The new uniforms consisted of a royal blue home jersey and a white away jersey.[63] The helmet was silver with the Flying Elvis logo and no additional striping.[63] Both uniforms used silver pants, originally with stripes designed to look like those flowing from the Flying Elvis, but these were changed to simple red and blue stripes after one season. When they debuted, both the home and away jerseys used red block numbers with a blue and white outline, but after one season the home uniforms switched to the now-familiar white with a red outline.[65]

text: In 1995, the Patriots switched the block numbers to a more modern rounded number font with a dropshadow.[65] The Patriots were one of the first adopters of custom numbers, a trend that would grow drastically over the next 20 years.[65]

text: However, in 2000, the Patriots also became one of the only teams to drop the rounded numbers and switched back to block numbers.[65] Also that year, the shade of blue was darkened from royal to nautical blue.[65] The Patriots, unsatisfied with the white-on-silver road look, also took the opportunity to introduce blue pants to be worn with the white jersey, offering a better contrast. To better match the blue pants, the number on the white jersey was switched from red to blue.[65]

text: Alternate uniforms

text: In 1994, the Patriots wore the "Pat Patriot" helmets and plain white striped pants from two seasons prior as alternates as part of the NFL's 75th anniversary celebration. In 2002, NFL teams were allowed to add a permanent third jersey to be worn in a maximum of two games. The Patriots reintroduced a red jersey as their alternate, complimented with the old-style "Pat Patriot" helmet.[63] In 2003, the Patriots changed their alternate to a silver jersey with blue pants. For this uniform, the "Flying Elvis" helmet was utilized.[63] The uniform was identical to the white jersey with any areas of white replaced by silver. These uniforms were dropped after 2007. No alternate uniform was used in 2008. In 2009, the red alternate was reintroduced, again accompanied by the "Pat Patriot" helmet. An alternate white road jersey was also worn with the older helmet for one game, using red numbers, in tribute to the 50th anniversary of the AFL. The red alternate gained a blue outline around the numbers in 2010 and this was worn through 2012. The Patriots retired their alternate red uniforms in 2013, thanks to a new NFL rule outlawing throwback alternate helmets.[66]

text: In 2016, the Patriots took part in the NFL Color Rush program, wearing monochrome navy uniforms on September 22 against the Houston Texans.[67]

text: Players

text: Current roster

text:
New England Patriots roster

view
talk
edit

Quarterbacks

12 Tom Brady
10 Jimmy Garoppolo

Running backs

38 Brandon Bolden
34 Rex Burkhead
46 James Develin FB
35 Mike Gillislee
33 Dion Lewis KR
28 James White

Wide receivers

80 Danny Amendola PR
14 Brandin Cooks
13 Phillip Dorsett
15 Chris Hogan
18 Matthew Slater

Tight ends

83 Dwayne Allen
87 Rob Gronkowski
47 Jacob Hollister

Offensive linemen

60 David Andrews C
61 Marcus Cannon T
74 Cole Croston T
71 Cameron Fleming T
75 Ted Karras G
69 Shaq Mason G
77 Nate Solder T
62 Joe Thuney G
68 LaAdrian Waddle T

Defensive linemen

97 Alan Branch DT
90 Malcom Brown DT
70 Adam Butler DT
98 Trey Flowers DE
92 Geneo Grissom DE
93 Lawrence Guy DT
55 Cassius Marsh DE
91 Deatrich Wise Jr. DE

Linebackers

59 Marquis Flowers OLB
45 David Harris OLB
54 Dont'a Hightower MLB
48 Harvey Langi OLB
52 Elandon Roberts MLB
53 Kyle Van Noy OLB

Defensive backs

29 Johnson Bademosi CB
21 Malcolm Butler CB
23 Patrick Chung SS
43 Nate Ebner SS
24 Stephon Gilmore CB
30 Duron Harmon FS
31 Jonathan Jones CB
36 Brandon King SS
32 Devin McCourty FS
37 Jordan Richards SS
25 Eric Rowe CB

Special teams

 6 Ryan Allen P
49 Joe Cardona LS
 3 Stephen Gostkowski K

Reserve lists

51 Keionta Davis DE (NF-Inj.)
11 Julian Edelman WR (IR)
-- Chase Farris G (NF-Inj.)
63 Antonio Garcia OT (NF-Ill.)
76 Andrew Jelks OT (NF-Inj.)
41 Cyrus Jones CB (IR)
-- Caleb Kidder DE (IR)
58 Shea McClellin OLB (IR)
19 Malcolm Mitchell WR (IR)
95 Derek Rivers DE (IR)
99 Vincent Valentine DT (IR)

Practice squad

94 Angelo Blackson DT
-- Alex Carter CB
64 James Ferentz C
81 Cody Hollister WR
26 David Jones FS
27 Ryan Lewis CB
84 Riley McCarron WR
-- Cole Toner OG
39 Damarius Travis SS
42 Jomal Wiltz CB

Rookies in italics
Roster updated October 6, 2017
Depth chart • Transactions
53 Active, 11 Inactive, 10 Practice squad
→ AFC rosters → NFC rosters

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Retired numbers

text:
New England Patriots retired numbers

No.
Player
Position
Tenure

20
Gino Cappelletti
WR, K
1960–1970

40
Mike Haynes
CB
1976–1982

57
Steve Nelson
LB
1974–1987

73
John Hannah
G
1973–1985

78
Bruce Armstrong
T
1987–2000

79
Jim Lee Hunt
DL
1960–1971

89
Bob Dee
DL
1960–1967

text: New England Patriots Hall of Fame members

text: The New England Patriots feature 22 former players and two contributors in their team hall of fame, established in 1991.[68] A committee of media and staff selected 11 players for enshrinement between 1991 and 2001, before a six-year span of no selections. In 2007, in advance of the 2008 opening of The Hall at Patriot Place, the Patriots introduced a new nomination committee to select three candidates, with the winner of an Internet fan vote being enshrined in the hall of fame.[69] In order to be eligible, players and coaches must be retired for at least four years.[70] Beginning in 2011, and meeting every five years, a senior selection committee has the option of voting a player who has been retired for at least 25 seasons into the hall of fame.[71]

text: Former owner Billy Sullivan was inducted by owner Robert Kraft in March 2009, the Patriots' 50th season, as a contributor.[72]

text: Additionally, four of these Patriots players have also been enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame. The Patriots have officially retired seven uniform numbers.

text:
New England Patriots Hall of Fame

Players

No.
Name
Positions
Seasons
Inducted
No.
Name
Positions
Seasons
Inducted

73
John Hannah
G
1973–1985
1991 (Pro: 1991)
87
Ben Coates
TE
1991–1999
2008

85
Nick Buoniconti
LB
1962–1968
1992 (Pro: 2001)
35
Jim Nance
FB
1965–1971
2009

20
Gino Cappelletti
WR/K
1960–1970
1992
39
Sam Cunningham
RB
1973–1982
2010

89
Bob Dee
DL
1960–1967
1993
11
Drew Bledsoe
QB
1993–2001
2011

79
Jim Lee Hunt
DT
1960–1971
1993
56
Jon Morris
C
1964–1974
2011

57
Steve Nelson
LB
1974–1987
1993
80
Troy Brown
WR/PR/CB
1993–2007
2012

15
Vito "Babe" Parilli
QB
1961–1967
1993
54
Tedy Bruschi
LB
1996–2008
2013

40
Mike Haynes
CB
1976–1982
1994 (Pro: 1997)
24
Ty Law
CB
1995–2004
2014

14
Steve Grogan
QB
1975–1990
1995
55
Willie McGinest
LB/DE
1994–2005
2015

56
Andre Tippett
LB
1982–1993
1999 (Pro: 2008)
65
Houston Antwine
DL
1961–1971
2015

78
Bruce Armstrong
T
1987–2000
2001
33
Kevin Faulk
RB
1999–2011
2016

86
Stanley Morgan
WR
1977–1989
2007
26
Raymond Clayborn
CB
1977-1989
2017

Contributors

No.
Name
Positions
Seasons
Inducted
No.
Name
Positions
Seasons
Inducted

—
Billy Sullivan
Owner & founder
1960–1988
2009
—
Gil Santos
Broadcaster
1972–1979, 1991–2012
2013

text: Three other players enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame spent part of their careers with the Patriots:

text:
28 Curtis Martin, RB (1995–1997), elected in 2012.
Bill Parcells, head coach (1993–1996), elected in 2013.
55 Junior Seau, LB (2006–2009), elected in 2015.

text: All-decade teams

text: 1960s (AFL)

text: In November 1971, fans voted on a 10-year Patriots anniversary team, which coincided with the team's 10 years in the then-defunct American Football League:[73] Additional selections for returner, special teamer, and coach were added in 2009:[74]

text:
[show]

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Boston Patriots All-1960s Team

Offense
Parilli (QB)
Nance (RB)
Garron (RB)
Colclough (WR)
Graham (WR)
Whalen (TE)
Long (T)
Neville (T)
Neighbors (G)
St. Jean (G)
Morris (C)

Defense
Dee (DE)
Eisenhauer (DE)
Antwine (DT)
Hunt (DT)
Addison (OLB)
Philpott (OLB)
Buoniconti (MLB)
Shonta (CB)
Johnson (CB)
Webb (S)
Hall (S)

Special Teams
Garron (Ret.)
Cappelletti (PK)
Yewcic (P)
Webb (ST)

Coach
Holovak

text: 1970s, 1980s, 1990s

text: In March 2009, as part of the Patriots' 50th anniversary, a group of local media and other team figures selected all-decade teams for the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s:[74]

text:
[show]

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New England Patriots All-1970s Team

Offense
Grogan (QB)
Cunningham (RB)
Johnson (RB)
Morgan (WR)
Vataha (WR)
Francis (TE)
Gray (T)
Neville (T)
Hannah (G)
S. Adams (G)
Lenkaitis (C)

Defense
J. Adams (DE)
McGee (DE)
Hamilton (NT)
Zabel (OLB)
King (OLB)
Nelson (ILB)
Hunt (ILB)
Clayborn (CB)
Haynes (CB)
Fox (S)
McCray (S)

Special Teams
Herron (Ret.)
Smith (PK)
Patrick (P)
Tatupu (ST)

Coach
Fairbanks

text:
[show]

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New England Patriots All-1980s Team

Offense
Grogan (QB)
Collins (RB)
C. James (RB)
Fryar (WR)
Morgan (WR)
Dawson (TE)
Armstrong (T)
Holloway (T)
Hannah (G)
Wooten (G)
Brock (C)

Defense
Adams (DE)
Veris (DE)
Bishop (NT)
Tippett (OLB)
Blackmon (OLB)
Nelson (ILB)
Rembert (ILB)
Clayborn (CB)
Lippett (CB)
R. James (S)
Marion (S)

Special Teams
Fryar (Ret.)
Franklin (PK)
Camarillo (P)
Tatupu (ST)

Coach
Berry

text:
[show]

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New England Patriots All-1990s Team

Offense
Bledsoe (QB)
Martin (RB)
Russell (RB)
Glenn (WR)
Jefferson (WR)
Coates (TE)
Armstrong (T)
Harlow (T)
Rucci (G)
Lane (G)
Wohlabaugh (C)

Defense
McGinest (DE)
Williams (DE)
Goad (NT)
Tippett (OLB)
Slade (OLB)
Brown (ILB)
Johnson (ILB)
Hurst (CB)
Law (CB)
Clay (S)
Milloy (S)

Special Teams
Meggett (Ret.)
Vinatieri (PK)
Tupa (P)
Whigham (ST)

Coach
Parcells

text: On March 16, 2010, the Patriots Hall of Fame selection committee selected an all-decade team for the 2000s:[73][75]

text:
[show]

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New England Patriots All-2000s Team

Offense
Brady (QB)
Dillon (RB)
Moss (WR)
Welker (WR)
Brown (WR)
Graham (TE)
Light (T)
Kaczur (T)
Andruzzi (G)
Mankins (G)
Koppen (C)

Defense
Seymour (DE)
Warren (DE)
Wilfork (NT)
McGinest (OLB)
Vrabel (OLB)
Bruschi (ILB)
Phifer (ILB)
Law (CB)
Samuel (CB)
Harrison (S)
Milloy (S)

Special Teams
Faulk (Ret.)
Vinatieri (PK)
Miller (P)
Izzo (ST)

Coach
Belichick

text: Anniversary teams

text: 35th anniversary (1994)

text: In 1994, a group of local media selected a 35th anniversary team:[73]

text:
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New England Patriots 35th Anniversary Team (1994)

Offense
Grogan (QB)
Nance (RB)
Cunningham (RB)
Morgan (WR)
Cappelletti (WR)
Francis (TE)
Armstrong (T)
Neville (T)
Hannah (G)
S. Adams (G)
Morris (C)

Defense
J. Adams (DE)
Eisenhauer (DE)
Antwine (DT)
J. Hunt (DT)
Tippett (LB)
Buoniconti (LB)
Nelson (LB)
S. Hunt (LB)
Haynes (CB)
Clayborn (CB)
Marion (S)
Hall (S)

Special Teams
Cappelletti (PK)
Camarillo (P)
Tatupu (ST)

text: 50th anniversary (2009)

text: In 2009, the Patriots Hall of Fame selection committee selected a 50th anniversary team:[73]

text:
[show]

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New England Patriots 50th Anniversary Team (2009)

Offense
Brady (QB)
Nance (RB)
Cunningham (RB)
Morgan (WR)
Brown (WR)
Fryar (WR)
Coates (TE)
Armstrong (T)
Light (T)
Hannah (G)
Mankins (G)
Morris (C)

Defense
Adams (DE)
Seymour (DE)
Antwine (DT)
Wilfork (DT)
Tippett (OLB)
Vrabel (OLB)
Nelson (ILB)
Buoniconti (ILB)
Haynes (CB)
Law (CB)
Marion (S)
Harrison (S)

Special Teams
Faulk (Ret.)
Vinatieri (PK)
Camarillo (P)
Tatupu (ST)

Captains
Cappelletti (Offense)
Bruschi (Defense)

Coach
Belichick

text: All-time first-round draft picks

text: Coaches

text: Head coaches

text: Current staff

text:
New England Patriots staff

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Front office

Chairman/CEO – Robert Kraft
President – Jonathan Kraft
Director of Player Personnel – Nick Caserio
Director of College Scouting – Monti Ossenfort
Director of Pro Personnel – Dave Ziegler
Assistant Director of College Scouting – Brian Smith
Director of Scouting Administration – Nancy Meier
Football Research Director – Ernie Adams
Director of Football/Head Coach Administration – Berj Najarian

Head coaches

Head Coach/General Manager – Bill Belichick

Offensive Coaches

Offensive Coordinator/Quarterbacks – Josh McDaniels
Assistant Quarterbacks – Jerry Schuplinski
Running Backs – Ivan Fears
Wide Receivers – Chad O'Shea
Tight Ends – Nick Caley
Offensive Line – Dante Scarnecchia
Offensive Assistant – Cole Popovich

Defensive Coaches

Defensive Coordinator – Matt Patricia
Defensive Line – Brendan Daly
Linebackers – Brian Flores
Cornerbacks – Josh Boyer
Safeties – Steve Belichick
Defensive Assistant – Mike Pellegrino
Coaching Assistant – Brian Belichick

Special Teams Coaches

Special Teams – Joe Judge
Assistant Special Teams – Raymond Ventrone

Strength and Conditioning

Strength and Conditioning – Moses Cabrera
Assistant Strength and Conditioning – James Hardy

→ Coaching staff
→ Management
→ More NFL staffs

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NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
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CHI
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GB
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NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Culture

text: Cheerleaders and mascot

text: The Patriots NFL Cheerleaders are simply known as the Patriots Cheerleaders.[76] In 2005, cheerleader Kristin Gauvin won Miss Massachusetts, in part from her local commitment with the Patriots.[76]

text: The Patriots' mascot is Pat Patriot, a revolutionary minuteman wearing a Patriots home jersey.[76]

text: The Patriots also employ a corps known as the End Zone Militia. During each game, about ten men dressed as minutemen line the back of each end zone. When the Patriots score a touchdown, field goal, point-after-touchdown or safety, the militia behind the opposite end zone fire a volley of blanks from flintlock muskets. Per an interview with the Loren & Wally Show on WROR 105.7 FM in and around the time of Super Bowl XLIX, said shots use double the load of black powder than a regular historical reenactor does, specifically 200 grains, in order to be heard throughout the stadium. ESPN writer Josh Pahigian named this one of the top ten celebrations in the league in 2007.[77]

text: Radio and television

text: The Patriots' flagship radio station is WBZ-FM 98.5 FM, owned by CBS Radio.[78] The larger radio network is called the New England Patriots Radio Network, whose 37 affiliate stations span seven states.[78] Gil Santos and Gino Cappelletti were the longtime announcing team until their retirement following the conclusion of the 2012 NFL season. Santos was replaced by Bob Socci.[78] Former Patriots QB Scott Zolak joined the radio team in the 2011 season as a sideline analyst, and in 2013, he replaced Cappelletti as color commentator.[78]

text: Any preseason games not on national television are shown on CBS's O&O WBZ-TV, who also airs the bulk of Patriots regular season games by virtue of CBS having the rights to most AFC games; CBS also has a presence at the nearby Patriot Place with the "CBS Scene" bar/restaurant. During the regular season whenever the Patriots host an NFC team, the games are aired on Fox affiliate WFXT-TV.[78] Preseason games were broadcast on ABC affiliate WCVB-TV from 1995 until the change to WBZ in 2009.[78] Don Criqui was play-by-play announcer for the 1995–2012 seasons, with Randy Cross as a color commentator and Mike Lynch as a sideline reporter.[78] Lynch was replaced by WBZ reporter Steve Burton in 2009.[78]