document_title: 1983 Cricket World Cup squads

question_text: pakistan cricket team captain in 1983 world cup

text: 1983 Cricket World Cup squads

text: Australia[edit]

text:
Player

Date of Birth

Batting Style

Bowling Style

First class team

Kim Hughes  (c)

26 January 1954

Right hand

Right arm medium

 Western Australia

Allan Border

27 July 1955

Left hand

Left arm orthodox spin

 Queensland

Trevor Chappell

12 October 1952

Right hand

Right arm medium

 New South Wales

Tom Hogan

23 September 1956

Right-hand

Slow left-arm orthodox

 Western Australia

Rodney Hogg

5 March 1951

Right hand

Right hand fast

 South Australia

David Hookes

3 May 1955

Left-handed

-

 South Australia

Geoff Lawson

7 December 1957

Right-hand

Right-arm fast

 New South Wales

Dennis Lillee

18 July 1949

Right-hand

Right-arm fast

 Western Australia

Ken MacLeay

2 April 1959

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

 Western Australia

Rod Marsh(wk)

4 November 1947

Left-handed

Wicket-keeper

 Western Australia

Jeff Thomson

16 August 1950

Right-handed

Right arm fast

 Queensland

Kepler Wessels

14 September 1957

Left-handed

Right arm off break

 Queensland

Graeme Wood

6 November 1956

Left-handed

Right arm medium

 Western Australia

Graham Yallop

7 October 1952

Left hand

Left-arm medium

 Victoria

text: England[edit]

text:
Player

Date of Birth

Batting Style

Bowling Style

First class team

Bob Willis (c)

30 May 1949

Right hand

Right arm fast

 Warwickshire

Paul Allott

14 September 1956

Righ hand

Right arm fast-medium

 Lancashire

Ian Botham

24 November 1955

Right hand

Right arm fast-medium

 Somerset

Norman Cowans

17 April 1961

Right-hand

Right-arm fast

 Middlesex

Graham Dilley

18 May 1959

Left-handed

Right-arm fast

 Kent

Graeme Fowler

20 April 1957

Left-handed

Right-arm medium

 Lancashire

Mike Gatting

6 June 1957

Right hand

Right arm medium

 Middlesex

Ian Gould

19 August 1957

Left hand

Wicket-keeper

 Sussex

David Gower

1 April 1957

Left hand

Right arm off-break

 Leicestershire

Trevor Jesty

2 June 1948

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

 Hampshire

Allan Lamb

20 June 1954

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

 Northamptonshire

Vic Marks

25 June 1955

Right-handed

Right-arm off break

 Somerset

Derek Randall

24 February 1951

Right hand

Right arm medium

 Nottinghamshire

Chris Tavaré

27 October 1954

Right-hand

Right arm off break

 Kent

text: India[edit]

text:
Player

Date of Birth

Batting Style

Bowling Style

First class team

Kapil Dev(c)

6 January 1959

Right hand

Right arm fast-medium

 Haryana

Mohinder Amarnath

24 September 1950

Right hand

Right arm medium

 Delhi

Kirti Azad

2 January 1959

Right-hand

Right-arm off-spinner

 Delhi

Roger Binny

19 July 1955

Right-hand

Right-arm fast-medium

 Karnataka

Sunil Gavaskar

10 July 1949

Right hand

Right arm mediumRight arm offbreak

 Bombay

Syed Kirmani (wk)

29 December 1949

Right-handed

Wicket-keeper

 Karnataka

Madan Lal Ravishankar

20 March 1951

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

 Delhi

Sandeep Patil

18 August 1956

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

 Bombay

Balwinder Sandhu

3 August 1956

Right-handed

Right arm medium-fast

 Bombay

Yashpal Sharma

11 August 1954

Right-handed

Right-arm medium

 Punjab

Ravi Shastri

27 May 1962

Right-hand

Slow left-arm orthodox

 Bombay

Krishnamachari Srikkanth

21 December 1959

Right hand

Right-arm medium  Right-arm offbreak

 Tamil Nadu

Sunil Valson

2 October 1958

Right-hand

Left-arm medium

 Delhi

Dilip Vengsarkar

6 April 1956

Right hand

Right arm medium

 Bombay

text: New Zealand[edit]

text:
Player

Date of Birth

Batting Style

Bowling Style

First class team

Geoff Howarth (c)

29 March 1951

Right hand

Right arm offbreak

 Auckland

John Bracewell

15 April 1958

Right-handed

Right arm off break

 Auckland

Lance Cairns

10 October 1949

Right hand

Right arm medium-fast

 Otago

Ewen Chatfield

3 July 1950

Right hand

Right arm medium-fast

 Wellington

Jeremy Coney

21 June 1952

Right hand

Right arm medium

 Wellington

Jeff Crowe

14 September 1958

Right-handed

Right arm, medium pace

 Auckland

Martin Crowe

22 September 1962

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

 Central Districts

Bruce Edgar

23 November 1956

Left hand

Wicket-keeper

 Wellington

Richard Hadlee

3 July 1951

Left hand

Right arm fast

 Canterbury

Warren Lees (wk)

19 March 1952

Right hand

Wicket-keeper

 Otago

Ian Smith (wk)

28 February 1957

Right-handed

Wicket-keeper

 Central Districts

Martin Snedden

23 November 1958

Left-hand

Right-arm medium-fast

 Auckland

Glenn Turner

26 May 1947

Right hand

Right arm offbreak

 Otago

John Wright

5 July 1954

Left hand

Right arm medium

 Northern Districts

text: Pakistan[edit]

text:
Player

Date of Birth

Batting Style

Bowling Style

First class team

Imran Khan (c)

25 November 1952

Right hand

Right arm fast

 PIA

Abdul Qadir

15 September 1955

Right-hand

Right-arm leg spin

 Habib Bank

Ijaz Faqih

24 March 1956

Right-hand

Right-arm offbreak

 MCB

Mansoor Akhtar

6 September 1962

Right-hand

Right-arm offspin

 United Bank

Mohsin Khan

15 March 1955

Right-hand

Right-arm medium pace

 Habib Bank

Mudassar Nazar

6 April 1956

Right hand

Right arm medium

 Lahore

Rashid Khan

15 December 1959

Right-hand

Right-arm fast-medium

Sarfraz Nawaz

1 December 1948

Right hand

Right arm fast-medium

 Lahore

Shahid Mahboob

25 August 1962

Right-hand

Right-arm fast-medium

 Karachi

Tahir Naqqash

6 June 1959

Right-hand

Right-arm fast-medium

 Lahore

Wasim Bari  (wk)

23 March 1948

Right hand

Wicket-keeper

 Karachi

Wasim Raja

3 July 1952

Left hand

Right arm legbreak

 Lahore

Zaheer Abbas

24 July 1947

Right hand

Right arm offbreak

 Karachi

Javed Miandad

12 June 1957

Right hand

Right arm legbreak

 Habib Bank

text: Sri Lanka[edit]

text:
Player

Date of Birth

Batting Style

Bowling Style

First class team

Duleep Mendis (c)

25 August 1952

Right hand

–

 SSC

Guy de Alwis (wk)

15 February 1959

Right-hand

Wicket-keeper

 SSC

Ashantha de Mel

9 May 1959

Right-hand bat

Right-arm medium-fast

 –

Somachandra de Silva

11 June 1942

Right hand

Right arm legbreak

 BCAC

Roy Dias

18 October 1952

Right hand

Right-arm offbreak

 CCC

Vinothen John

27 May 1960

Right-hand

Right-arm medium-fast

 SCC

Brendon Kuruppu

5 January 1962

Right-handed

Wicket-keeper

 BRC

Ranjan Madugalle

22 April 1959

Right hand

Right-arm offbreak

 NCC

Arjuna Ranatunga

1 December 1963

Left-hand

Right-arm medium

 SCC

Rumesh Ratnayake

2 January 1964

Right-hand bat

Right-arm fast-medium

 NCC

Athula Samarasekera

5 August 1961

Right-hand bat

Right-arm medium

 CCC

Sidath Wettimuny

12 August 1956

Right hand

Right-arm medium

 -

text: West Indies[edit]

text:
Player

Date of Birth

Batting Style

Bowling Style

First class team

Clive Lloyd (c)

31 August 1944

left hand

Right-arm medium

Guyana

Faoud Bacchus

31 January 1954

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

Guyana

Wayne Daniel

16 January 1956

Right-hand

Right-arm fast

Barbados

Winston Davis

18 September 1958

Right-handed

Right-arm fast

 Windward Islands

Jeff Dujon (wk)

28 May 1956

Right-hand

Wicket-keeper

Jamaica

Joel Garner

16 December 1952

Right hand

Right-arm fast

Barbados

Larry Gomes

13 July 1953

Left-hand

Right-arm offbreak

Trinidad and Tobago

Gordon Greenidge

1 May 1951

Right-hand

Right-arm medium/offbreak

Barbados

Desmond Haynes

15 February 1956

Right-hand

Right-arm legbreak/medium pace

Barbados

Michael Holding

16 February 1954

Right-hand

Right-arm fast

Jamaica

Gus Logie

28 September 1960

Right-hand

Right-arm off break

Trinidad and Tobago

Malcolm Marshall

18 October 1958

Right-hand

Right-arm fast

Barbados

Viv Richards

7 March 1952

Right-hand

Right-arm medium/offbreak

Leeward Islands

Andy Roberts

29 January 1951

Right-hand

Right-arm fast

Leeward Islands

text: Zimbabwe[edit]

text:
Player

Date of Birth

Batting Style

Bowling Style

Duncan Fletcher (c)

27 September 1948

Left-hand

Right arm fast-medium

Robin Brown

11 March 1951

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

Iain Butchart

9 May 1960

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

Kevin Curran

7 September 1959

Right-handed

Right-arm fast medium

Jack Heron

8 November 1948

Right-hand

Right-arm medium

Graeme Hick

23 May 1966

Right hand

Right arm off break

Vince Hogg

3 July 1952

Right-hand

Right-arm medium-fast

David Houghton (wk)

23 June 1957

Right-hand

Right-arm off break

Grant Paterson

9 June 1960

Right-hand

Right-arm off-spin

Gerald Peckover

2 June 1955

Right-handed

-

Andrew Pycroft

6 June 1956

Right-hand

Right-arm offbreak

Peter Rawson

25 May 1957

Right-hand

Right-arm medium-fast

Ali Shah

7 August 1959

Left-hand

Right arm medium

John Traicos

17 May 1947

Right-hand

Right arm off-spin


document_title: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra

question_text: who built adhai din ka jhopra at ajmer

question_tokens: who built adhai din ka jhopra at ajmer

root

text: Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra

text: Etymology[edit]

text: "Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra" literally means "shed of two-and-a-half days". Alternative transliterations and names include Arhai Din ka Jhompra or Dhai Din ki Masjid. A legend states that a part of the mosque was built in two-and-a-half days (see #Conversion into a mosque below). Some Sufis claim that the name signifies a human's temporary life on the earth.[1]

tag: p

text: According to the ASI, the name probably comes from a two-and-a-half-day-long fair that used to be held at the site.[2] Har Bilas Sarda points out that the name "Adhai-Din-ka-Jhonpra" is not mentioned in any historical source. Before the 18th century, the mosque was simply known as a "Masjid" ("mosque"), since it had been the only mosque in Ajmer for centuries. It came to be known as a jhonpra ("shed" or "hut") when fakirs started gathering here to celebrate urs (death anniversary fair) of their leader Panjaba Shah. This happened during the Maratha era, in the second half of the 18th century. The urs lasted for two-and-a-half days, resulting in the modern name of the mosque.[3][4]

text: Alexander Cunningham described the building as the "Great Mosque of Ajmer".

text: History[edit]

text: Pre-Islamic structure[edit]

text: The site of the mosque was originally a Sanskrit college building commissioned by Vigraharaja IV (alias Visaladeva), a king of the Shakambhari Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasty. The original building was square-shaped, with a tower-chhatri (dome-shaped pavilion) at each corner.[5][6] A temple dedicated to Sarasvati was located on the western side. A tablet dated to 1153 CE was found at the site in the 19th century; based on this, it can be inferred that the original building must have been constructed sometime before 1153 CE.[3] According to the local Jain tradition, the building was originally constructed by Seth Viramdeva Kala in 660 CE as a Jain shrine to celebrate Panch Kalyanaka.[3]

text: The relics in the modern building show both Hindu and Jain features. According to KDL Khan, the building materials were taken from Hindu and Jain temples.[1] According to Caterina Mercone Maxwell and Marijke Rijsberman, the Sanskrit college was a Jain institution, and the building materials were taken from Hindu temples.[7] ASI Director-General Alexander Cunningham hypothesized that the pillars used in the building were probably taken from 20–30 demolished Hindu temples, which featured at least 700 pillars in total. Based on the pillar inscriptions, he concluded that these original temples dated to 11th or 12th century CE.[8]

text: Conversion into a mosque[edit]

text: The original building was partially destroyed and converted into a mosque by Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak of Delhi in the late 12th century. According to a local legend, after defeating Vigraharaja's nephew Prithviraja III in the Second Battle of Tarain, Muhammad Ghori passed through Ajmer. There, he saw the magnificent temples, and ordered his slave general Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak to destroy them, and construct a mosque – all within 60 hours (that is, 2 1⁄2 days). The artisans could not build a complete mosque in 60 hours time, but constructed a brick screen wall where Ghori could offer prayers. By the end of the century, a complete mosque was built.[1]

text: The central mihrab in the mosque contains an inscription indicating the completion date of the mosque. It is dated Jumada II 595 AH (April 1199 CE). This makes the mosque one of the oldest in India, and the second mosque to be built by the Mamluks of Delhi (the first being the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque). Another inscription, dated Dhu al-Hijjah 596 AH (September–October 1200 CE), names Abu Bakr ibn Ahmed Khalu Al-Hirawi as the supervisor of construction.[9] This makes Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra one of the oldest mosques in India,[10] and the oldest surviving monument in Ajmer.[11]

text: Iltutmish, the successor of Qutb-ud-Din-Aibak, subsequently beautified the mosque in 1213 CE, with a screen wall pierced by corbelled engrailed arches — a first in India.[2] An inscription on the central arch of the screen as well as two inscriptions of the northern minaret contain his name. The second arch from the south names one Ahmed ibn Muhammad al-Arid as the construction supervisor.[9]

text: Archaeological survey and restoration[edit]

text: The mosque seems to have been ignored by the later kings. It does not find a mention in Taj-ul-Maasir, the earliest history of the Mamluk dynasty. It is not mentioned in Khalji, Lodi, Rathore, Sisodia and Mughal chronicles either. The Maratha leader Daulat Rao Sindhia (1779–1827) restored the central dome of the building, and imposed a ban of removal of stones from the structure. An inscription dated Saavan 1866 VS (1809 CE) exhorts Hindus and Muslims not to remove stones from the ancient building.[3]

text: In 1818, Ajmer came under the Company rule. James Tod visited the mosque in 1819, and described it in his Annals and Antiquities of Rajastʼhan as "one of the most perfect as well as the most ancient monuments of Hindu architecture." Subsequently, Alexander Cunningham, the Director-General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) inspected the building in 1864, and described it in the ASI report of that year.[3] Tod believed the earlier structure to be a Jain temple. However, Cunningham pointed out that this could not be correct, since the pillars in the building feature several four-armed figures (characteristic of Hindu gods) besides a figure of the Hindu goddess Kali.[8]

text: During an 1875–76 archaeological survey, inscriptions referring to a Sanskrit college were unearthed in the mosque premises.[12] Several sculptures and 6 Devanagari basalt tablets (slabs) were recovered from the site. These artifacts are now exhibited at the Ajmer Museum.[1] The tablets are as follows:[3]

text:
Tablets 1 and 2 contain large fragments of a Sanskrit play Lalita-Vigraharaja Nataka. It was composed by Mahakavi Somadeva, in honour of the king Vigraharaja. The play, as restored by Lorenz Franz Kielhorn from the fragments, depicts the story of king Vigraharaja. It tells of his love with princess Desaldevi, and his war preparations against a Turushka (Turkic) king named Hammir.
Tablet 3 and 4 contain fragments of Harakeli Nataka, a play attributed to Vigraharaja himself. The play is written in honour of the god Hara (Shiva). It is inspired by Bharavi's Sanskrit play Kiratarjuniya. The play is dated to 22 November 1153 in an inscription.
Tablet 5 contains portions of an untitled Sanskrit poem, which praises several devas (deities). The last deity mentioned in the poem is Surya (the sun god). The poem states that the Chahamana (Chauhan) dynasty descends from Surya (see Suryavanshi).
Tablet 6 contains the fragments of a prashasti (praise) of the Chahamana kings of Ajmer. The inscription states that the king Ajaideva moved his residence to Ajmer, and defeated the king Naravarma of Malwa. After handing over the throne to his son, he took up Vanaprastha (retirement) in the forest of Pushkar. His son adorned Ajmer with the blood of the Turushkas (Turkic people), and captured the elephants of the kings of Malwa. The inscription also mentions the name "Kumar Pal", but nothing can be made out of this name because of missing portions.

tag: ul

text: The tablets containing the plays were engraved by Bhaskar, son of Mahipati and grandson of Govinda, hailing from a family of Huna chiefs.[3]

text: Another Devanagari inscription is located on a marble pillar in the balcony of an entrance gate. It records the visit of Dharma, a mason of Bundi in the Jyeshtha 1462 VS (1405 CE), during the reign of Rana Mokal.[3]

text: During the tenure of Viceroy Lord Mayo, between 1875 and 1878 CE, repairs to the structure were carried out at a cost of ₹ 23,128. Another restoration, costing ₹ 7,538 was carried out in 1900–1903, under the supervision of Ajmer-Merwara commissioner ALP Tucker.[3] ASI archaeologists Alexander Cunningham and D. R. Bhandarkar carried out a restoration of the building in the first half of the 20th century.[1] Cunningham remarked that no other building of historical or archaeological importance in India was more worthy of preservation.[5]

text: Architecture[edit]

text: The mosque is among the earliest examples of the Indo-Islamic architecture. It was designed by Abu Bakr of Herat, an architect who accompanied Muhammad Ghori. The mosque was built almost entirely by Hindu masons, under the supervision of Afghan managers.[1]

text: The mosque is much larger than the Quwwat-ul-Islam mosque of Delhi. The exterior of the building is square-shaped, with each side measuring 259 feet.[8] There are two entrances, one at the south, and another at the east. The prayer area (the actual mosque) is located in the west, while the north side faces a hill rock. The actual mosque building on the western side has 10 domes and 124 pillars; there are 92 pillars on the eastern side; and 64 pillars on each of the remaining sides. Thus, there are 344 pillars in the entire building.[8] Out of these, only 70 pillars remain standing now.[3] It has a square dimension measuring 80 m (260 ft). The tall and slender pillars are not overcrowded and the ones in the courtyard are symmetrically placed. The sanctuary measures 43 m (141 ft) by 12 m (39 ft). The mihrab is built with white marbles. It is believed that Iltumish added the seven arch screen by 1230, is considered to be an architecturally most notable feature of the mosque. The large central arch is accompanied by two small fluted minarets.[13]

text:
Arcade pillars

Arcade ceiling

Mihrab arcade

Entrance staircase

text: The front facade of the structure features a huge screen with yellow limestone arches, built during the reign of Iltutmish. The main arch is nearly 60 feet high, and is flanked by six smaller arches. The arches have small rectangular panels for passage of daylight, similar to the ones found in early Arabian mosques. The archway features Kufic and Tughra inscriptions and quotations from Koran, and is reminiscent of Islamic architecture from Ghazni and Turkistan. Some of the carvings feature Arabesque floral and foliate patterns; their geometric symmetry is reminiscent of Persian tilework. Their filigree sets them apart from Hindu-style carvings in the same building. The Hindu patterns are similar to the ones seen in the 10th century structures at Nagda and the 11th century Sas-Bahu Temple at Gwalior.[1][9] The 19th century American traveler John Fletcher Hurst described the screen as "a gem of great renown throughout the Mohammedan world."[14]

text:
Ornate carvings and Kufic inscriptions

Floral motif

Arches with inscriptions from Koran

Decorative screen wall

Inscriptions on the screen wall

text: The interior of the building is a quadrangle measuring 200 × 175 feet. It comprises a main hall (248 × 40 feet) supported by cloisters of pillars.[8] The pillars feature varying designs, and heavily decorated, similar to the ones in Hindu and Jain rock temples. They have large bases, and taper as they rise in height. According to K.D.L. Khan, the pillars and roofs are from the pre-Islamic structure, but the original carvings were destroyed by Muslims.[1] Michael W. Meister believes that some of the pillars were newly created by Hindu masons for their Muslim masters; these were combined with the older, plundered pillars (whose images were defaced). Similarly, he states that the ceilings combine newer and older work by Hindu workers.[9]

text: The muazzin's towers are located in two small minarets (10.5 in diameter). These minarets are located at the top of an 11.5 feet thick screen wall. The minarets are now ruined, but their remnants show that they were sloping hollow towers with 24 alternately angular and circular flutes, just like the ones in the Qutb Minar of Delhi.[8]

text: Alexander Cunningham praised the architecture of Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra and Quwwat-ul-Islam mosques in the following words:[8]

text:
“
In boldness of design, and grandeur of conception, which are perhaps due to the genius of the Islamite architect, these two splendid mosques of the first Indian Muhammadans are only surpassed by the soaring sublimity of the Christian Cathedrals. But in gorgeous prodigality of ornament, in beautiful richness of tracery, and endless variety of detail, in delicate sharpness of finish, and laborious accuracy of workmanship, all of which are due to the Hindu masons, I think that these two grand Indian mosques may justly vie with the noblest buildings which the world has yet produced.
”

tag: table

text: Scottish architectural historian James Fergusson similarly remarked:[5][15]

text:
“
As examples of surface-decoration, these two mosques of Altumush at Delhi and Ajmir are probably unrivalled. Nothing in Cairo or in Persia is so exquisite in detail, and nothing in Spain or Syria can approach them for beauty of surface-decoration.
”

text:
Gate

Window

Niche

Dome interior

Minaret

Bracket


document_title: 1998 FIFA World Cup

question_text: who won golden boot in 1998 world cup

question_tokens: who won golden boot in 1998 world cup

text: 1998 FIFA World Cup

text: Host selection[edit]

text: France was awarded the 1998 World Cup on 2 July 1992 by the executive committee of FIFA during a general meeting in Zürich, Switzerland. They defeated Morocco by 12 votes to 7.[1][2] Switzerland withdrew, due to being unable to meet FIFA's requirements. This made France the third country to host two World Cups, after Mexico and Italy in 1986 and 1990 respectively. France previously hosted the third edition of the World Cup in 1938. England, who hosted the competition in 1966 and won it, were among the original applicants, but later withdrew their application in favour of an ultimately successful bid to host UEFA Euro 1996.

text:
Voting results[3]

Country

Round 1

 France
12

 Morocco
7

text: Bribery and corruption investigations[edit]

text: On 4 June 2015, while co-operating with the FBI and the Swiss authorities, Chuck Blazer confirmed that he and other members of FIFA's executive committee were bribed during the 1998 and 2010 World Cups host selection process. Blazer stated that "we facilitated bribes in conjunction with the selection of the host nation for the 1998 World Cup". Since France won the selection process it was initially thought the bribery came from its bid committee. It eventually transpired that the bribe payment was from the failed Moroccan bid.[4][5][6]

text: Qualification[edit]

text: The qualification draw for the 1998 World Cup finals took place in the Musée du Louvre, Paris on 12 December 1995.[7] As tournament hosts, France was exempt from the draw as was defending champion Brazil. 174 teams from six confederations participated, 24 more than in the previous round. Fourteen countries qualified from the European zone (in addition to hosts France). Ten were determined after group play - nine group winners and the best second-placed team; the other eight group runners-up were drawn into pairs of four play-off matches with the winners qualifying for the finals as well.[8] CONMEBOL (South America) and CAF (Africa) were each given five spots in the final tournament, while three spots were contested between 30 CONCACAF members in the North and Central America and the Caribbean zone. The winner of the Oceanian zone advanced to an intercontinental play-off against the runner-up of the Asian play-off, determined by the two best second placed teams.

text: Four nations qualified for the first time: Croatia, Jamaica, Japan and South Africa. The last team to qualify was Iran by virtue of beating Australia in a two-legged tie on 29 November 1997.[9] This was Team Melli's first appearance in the finals since 1978, the last time Tunisia also qualified for the tournament. Chile qualified for the first time since 1982, after serving a ban that saw them miss out on the two previous tournaments. Paraguay and Denmark returned for the first time since 1986. Austria, England, Scotland and Yugoslavia returned after missing out on the 1994 tournament, with the Balkan team now appearing under the name of FR Yugoslavia. Among the teams who failed to qualify were two-time winners Uruguay (for the second successive tournament); Sweden, who finished third in 1994; Russia (who failed to qualify for the first time since 1978 after losing to Italy in the play-off round); and the Republic of Ireland, who had qualified for the previous two tournaments.[10] As of 2018, this is the most recent time Austria, Scotland, Norway, Bulgaria, Romania, and Jamaica have qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals, as well as the last time Portugal missed out.

text: List of qualified teams[edit]

text: The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings,[11] qualified for the final tournament.

text:
AFC (4)
 Iran (42)
 Japan (12)
 Saudi Arabia (34)
 South Korea (20)
CAF (5)
 Cameroon (49)
 Morocco (13)
 Nigeria (74)
 South Africa (24)
 Tunisia (21)
OFC (0)
None qualified

CONCACAF (3)
 Jamaica (30)
 Mexico (4)
 United States (11)
CONMEBOL (5)
 Argentina (6)
 Brazil (1)
 Chile (9)
 Colombia (10)
 Paraguay (29)

UEFA (15)
 Austria (31)
 Belgium (36)
 Bulgaria (35)
 Croatia (19)
 Denmark (27)
 England (5)
 France (18) (hosts)
 Germany (2)
 Italy (14)
 Netherlands (25)
 Norway (7)
 Romania (22)
 Scotland (41)
 Spain (15)
 Yugoslavia (8)

   Countries qualified for World Cup   Country failed to qualify   Countries that did not enter World Cup   Country not a FIFA member

text: Venues[edit]

text: France's bid to host the World Cup centered on a national stadium with 80,000 seats and nine other stadiums located across the country.[12] When the finals were originally awarded in July 1992, none of the regional club grounds were of a capacity meeting FIFA's requirements – namely being able to safely seat 40,000.[12] The proposed national stadium, colloquially referred to as the 'Grand stade' met with controversy at every stage of planning; the stadium's location was determined by politics, finance and national symbolism.[13] As Mayor of Paris, Jacques Chirac successfully negotiated a deal with Prime Minister Édouard Balladur to bring the Stade de France – as it was named now, to the commune of Saint-Denis just north of the capital city.[13] Construction on the stadium started in December 1995 and was completed after 26 months of work in November 1997 at a cost of ₣2.67 billion.[14]

text: The choice of stadium locations was drafted from an original list of 14 cities.[15] FIFA and CFO monitored the progress and quality of preparations, culminating in the former providing final checks of the grounds weeks before the tournament commenced. Montpellier was the surprise inclusion from the final list of cities because of its low urban hierarchy in comparison to Strasbourg, who boasted a better hierarchy and success from its local football team, having been taken over by a consortium. Montpellier however was considered ambitious by the selecting panel to host World Cup matches. The local city and regional authories in particular had invested heavily into football the previous two decades and were able to measure economic effects, in terms of jobs as early as in 1997.[16] Some of the venues used for this tournament were also used for the previous World Cup in France in 1938. The Stade Vélodrome in Marseille, the Stade Municipal in Toulouse, the Gerland in Lyon, the Parc Lescure in Bordeaux and the Parc des Princes in Paris received the honour of hosting World Cup matches once again in 1998 as they had all done in 1938.

text: 10 stadiums in total were used for the finals; in addition to nine matches being played at the Stade de France (the most used stadium in the tournament), a further seven matches took place in Paris Saint-Germain's Parc des Princes, bringing Paris's total matches hosted to 16. France played four of their seven matches in the national stadium; they also played in the country's second and third largest cities, Marseille (hosting 7 total matches) and Lyon (hosting 6 total matches), as well as a Round of 16 knockout match in the northern city of Lens (also hosting 6 total matches). Nantes, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Montpellier and Saint-Etienne also hosted 6 matches in total; all of the stadiums used also hosted knockout round matches.

text:
Saint-Denis

Marseille

Paris

Lyon

Stade de France

Stade Vélodrome

Parc des Princes

Stade de Gerland

48°55′28″N 2°21′36″E / 48.92444°N 2.36000°E / 48.92444; 2.36000 (Stade de France)

43°16′11″N 5°23′45″E / 43.26972°N 5.39583°E / 43.26972; 5.39583 (Stade Vélodrome)

48°50′29″N 2°15′11″E / 48.84139°N 2.25306°E / 48.84139; 2.25306 (Parc des Princes)

45°43′26″N 4°49′56″E / 45.72389°N 4.83222°E / 45.72389; 4.83222 (Stade de Gerland)

Capacity: 80,000

Capacity: 60,000

Capacity: 48,875

Capacity: 44,000

Lens

Saint-DenisMarseilleParisLensLyonNantesToulouseSaint-ÉtienneBordeauxMontpellier

Stade Félix-Bollaert

50°25′58.26″N 2°48′53.47″E / 50.4328500°N 2.8148528°E / 50.4328500; 2.8148528 (Stade Félix-Bollaert)

Capacity: 41,300

Nantes

Stade de la Beaujoire

47°15′20.27″N 1°31′31.35″W / 47.2556306°N 1.5253750°W / 47.2556306; -1.5253750 (Stade de la Beaujoire)

Capacity: 39,500

Toulouse

Saint-Étienne

Bordeaux

Montpellier

Stadium de Toulouse

Stade Geoffroy-Guichard

Parc Lescure

Stade de la Mosson

43°34′59.93″N 1°26′2.57″E / 43.5833139°N 1.4340472°E / 43.5833139; 1.4340472 (Stadium de Toulouse)

45°27′38.76″N 4°23′24.42″E / 45.4607667°N 4.3901167°E / 45.4607667; 4.3901167 (Stade Geoffroy-Guichard)

44°49′45″N 0°35′52″W / 44.82917°N 0.59778°W / 44.82917; -0.59778 (Parc Lescure)

43°37′19.85″N 3°48′43.28″E / 43.6221806°N 3.8120222°E / 43.6221806; 3.8120222 (Stade de la Mosson)

Capacity: 37,000

Capacity: 36,000

Capacity: 35,200

Capacity: 34,000

text: Innovations[edit]

text: Technologies[edit]

text: This was the first World Cup where fourth officials used electronic boards, instead of cardboard.[17]

text: Rule changes[edit]

text: This was the first World Cup since the introduction of golden goals,[17] banning of tackles from behind that endanger the safety of an opponent[18] and allowance of three substitutions per game.[19]

text: Match officials[edit]

text: 34 referees and 33 assistants officiated in the 1998 World Cup.[20] As a result of the extension to 32 teams in the finals, there was an increase of 10 referees and 11 officials from the 1994 World Cup.[20]

text:
CAF (5)
 Said Belqola
 Gamal Al-Ghandour
 Lucien Bouchardeau
 Lim Kee Chong
 Ian McLeod
AFC (4)
 Abdul Rahman Al-Zaid
 Ali Bujsaim
 Masayoshi Okada
 Pirom Un-Prasert

UEFA (15)
 Marc Batta
 Günter Benkö
 Pierluigi Collina
 Hugh Dallas
 Paul Durkin
 José María García-Aranda
 Bernd Heynemann
 Nikolai Levnikov
 Urs Meier
 Vítor Melo Pereira
 Kim Milton Nielsen
 Rune Pedersen
 László Vágner
 Mario van der Ende
 Ryszard Wójcik

CONCACAF (3)
 Esfandiar Baharmast
 Arturo Brizio Carter
 Ramesh Ramdhan
OFC (1)
 Eddie Lennie
CONMEBOL (6)
 Javier Castrilli
 Epifanio González
 Márcio Rezende de Freitas
 Mario Sánchez Yanten
 Alberto Tejada Noriega
 John Toro Rendón

text: Seeds[edit]

text:
Pot A

Pot B

Pot C

Pot D

 France (hosts)
 Brazil (1994 winner)
 Argentina
 Germany
 Italy
 Netherlands
 Romania
 Spain

 Austria
 Belgium
 Bulgaria
 Croatia
 Denmark
 England
 Scotland
 Yugoslavia
 Norway

 Chile
 Colombia
 Iran
 Japan
 Paraguay
 Saudi Arabia
 South Korea

 Cameroon
 Jamaica
 Mexico
 Morocco
 Nigeria
 South Africa
 Tunisia
 United States

text: Squads[edit]

text: As with the preceding tournament, each team's squad for the 1998 World Cup finals consisted of 22 players. Each participating national association had to confirm their final 22-player squad by 1 June 1998.

text: Out of the 704 players participating in the 1998 World Cup, 447 were signed up with a European club; 90 in Asia, 67 in South America, 61 in Northern and Central America and 37 in Africa.[21] 75 played their club football in England – five more than Italy and Spain. Barcelona of Spain was the club contributing to the most players in the tournament with 13 players on their side.[21]

text: The average age of all teams was 27 years, 8 months – five months older than the previous tournament.[22] Samuel Eto'o of Cameroon was the youngest player selected in the competition at 17 years, 3 months, while the oldest was Jim Leighton of Scotland at 39 years, 11 months.[22]

text: Results[edit]

text: Champion   Runner-up    Third place   Fourth place    Quarter-finals   Round of 16    Group stage

text: Group stage[edit]

text: All times are Central European Summer Time (UTC+2)

text:
showKey for tables

Pld = total games played
W = total games won
D = total games drawn (tied)
L = total games lost
GF = total goals scored (goals for)
GA = total goals conceded (goals against)
GD = goal difference (GF−GA)
Pts = total points accumulated

text: Group A[edit]

text: Defending champions Brazil won Group A after only two matches as the nation achieved victories over Scotland (2–1) and Morocco (3–0). Heading into the third game, Brazil had nothing to play for but still started its regulars against Norway, who was looking to upset Brazil once again. Needing a victory, Norway overturned a 1–0 deficit with 12 minutes remaining to defeat Brazil 2–1, with Kjetil Rekdal scoring[23] the winning penalty to send Norway into the knockout stage for the first time.

text: Norway's victory denied Morocco a chance at the Round of 16, despite winning 3–0 against Scotland. It was only Morocco's second ever victory at a World Cup, having recorded its only previous win 12 years earlier on 11 June 1986.

text: Scotland managed only one point, coming in a 1–1 draw against Norway, and failed to get out of the first round for an eighth time in the FIFA World Cup, a record that stands to this date.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Brazil

3

2

0

1

6

3

+3

6

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Norway

3

1

2

0

5

4

+1

5

3

 Morocco

3

1

1

1

5

5

0

4

4

 Scotland

3

0

1

2

2

6

−4

1

text:
10 June 1998

Brazil
2–1
 Scotland
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

Morocco
2–2
 Norway
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

16 June 1998

Scotland
1–1
 Norway
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Brazil
3–0
 Morocco
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

23 June 1998

Brazil
1–2
 Norway
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

Scotland
0–3
 Morocco
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

text: Group B[edit]

text: Italy and Chile progressed to the second round because Austria suffered their worst FIFA World Cup performance. Cameroon failed to get out of the group stage for the second time in a row.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Italy

3

2

1

0

7

3

+4

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Chile

3

0

3

0

4

4

0

3

3

 Austria

3

0

2

1

3

4

−1

2

4

 Cameroon

3

0

2

1

2

5

−3

2

text:
11 June 1998

Italy
2–2
 Chile
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Cameroon
1–1
 Austria
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

17 June 1998

Chile
1–1
 Austria
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

Italy
3–0
 Cameroon
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

23 June 1998

Italy
2–1
 Austria
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

Chile
1–1
 Cameroon
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

text: Group C[edit]

text: France, the host nation, swept Group C when the start of their path to their first FIFA World Cup trophy culminated with their 2–1 win over Denmark, who despite their loss, progressed to the second round.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 France (H)

3

3

0

0

9

1

+8

9

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Denmark

3

1

1

1

3

3

0

4

3

 South Africa

3

0

2

1

3

6

−3

2

4

 Saudi Arabia

3

0

1

2

2

7

−5

1

text:
12 June 1998

Saudi Arabia
0–1
 Denmark
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

France
3–0
 South Africa
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

18 June 1998

South Africa
1–1
 Denmark
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

France
4–0
 Saudi Arabia
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

24 June 1998

France
2–1
 Denmark
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

South Africa
2–2
 Saudi Arabia
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

text: Group D[edit]

text: Nigeria and Paraguay advanced to the Round of 16 after a surprise elimination of top seed Spain, while Bulgaria failed to repeat their surprise performance from the previous tournament.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Nigeria

3

2

0

1

5

5

0

6

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Paraguay

3

1

2

0

3

1

+2

5

3

 Spain

3

1

1

1

8

4

+4

4

4

 Bulgaria

3

0

1

2

1

7

−6

1

text:
12 June 1998

Paraguay
0–0
 Bulgaria
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

13 June 1998

Spain
2–3
 Nigeria
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

19 June 1998

Nigeria
1–0
 Bulgaria
Parc des Princes, Paris

Spain
0–0
 Paraguay
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

24 June 1998

Nigeria
1–3
 Paraguay
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

Spain
6–1
 Bulgaria
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

text: Group E[edit]

text: The Netherlands and Mexico advanced with the same record (The Netherlands placed first on goal difference); Belgium and eventual 2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosts South Korea failed to advance.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Netherlands

3

1

2

0

7

2

+5

5

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Mexico

3

1

2

0

7

5

+2

5

3

 Belgium

3

0

3

0

3

3

0

3

4

 South Korea

3

0

1

2

2

9

−7

1

text:
13 June 1998

South Korea
1–3
 Mexico
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

Netherlands
0–0
 Belgium
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

20 June 1998

Belgium
2–2
 Mexico
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Netherlands
5–0
 South Korea
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

25 June 1998

Netherlands
2–2
 Mexico
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

Belgium
1–1
 South Korea
Parc des Princes, Paris

text: Group F[edit]

text: Germany and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia advanced, each with 7 points (Germany took 1st through goal differential tiebreak). Iran and 1994 host United States failed to advance.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Germany

3

2

1

0

6

2

+4

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 FR Yugoslavia

3

2

1

0

4

2

+2

7

3

 Iran

3

1

0

2

2

4

−2

3

4

 United States

3

0

0

3

1

5

−4

0

text:
14 June 1998

Yugoslavia
1–0
 Iran
Stade Geoffroy-Guichard, Saint-Étienne

15 June 1998

Germany
2–0
 United States
Parc des Princes, Paris

21 June 1998

Germany
2–2
 Yugoslavia
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

United States
1–2
 Iran
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

25 June 1998

United States
0–1
 Yugoslavia
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

Germany
2–0
 Iran
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

text: Group G[edit]

text: Romania and England became Group G top finishers as Colombia and Tunisia were unable to reach the last 16, despite Colombia having one win.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Romania

3

2

1

0

4

2

+2

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 England

3

2

0

1

5

2

+3

6

3

 Colombia

3

1

0

2

1

3

−2

3

4

 Tunisia

3

0

1

2

1

4

−3

1

text:
15 June 1998

England
2–0
 Tunisia
Stade Vélodrome, Marseille

Romania
1–0
 Colombia
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

22 June 1998

Colombia
1–0
 Tunisia
Stade de la Mosson, Montpellier

Romania
2–1
 England
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

26 June 1998

Colombia
0–2
 England
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

Romania
1–1
 Tunisia
Stade de France, Saint-Denis

text: Group H[edit]

text: Argentina and World Cup debutants Croatia finished at the top of Group H while Jamaica (another debutant) and 2002 FIFA World Cup co-hosts Japan failed to advance.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Argentina

3

3

0

0

7

0

+7

9

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Croatia

3

2

0

1

4

2

+2

6

3

 Jamaica

3

1

0

2

3

9

−6

3

4

 Japan

3

0

0

3

1

4

−3

0

text:
14 June 1998

Argentina
1–0
 Japan
Stade de Toulouse, Toulouse

Jamaica
1–3
 Croatia
Stade Félix-Bollaert, Lens

20 June 1998

Japan
0–1
 Croatia
Stade de la Beaujoire, Nantes

21 June 1998

Argentina
5–0
 Jamaica
Parc des Princes, Paris

26 June 1998

Argentina
1–0
 Croatia
Parc Lescure, Bordeaux

Japan
1–2
 Jamaica
Stade de Gerland, Lyon

text: Knockout stage[edit]

text: The knockout stage comprised the 16 teams that advanced from the group stage of the tournament. For each game in the knockout stage, any draw at 90 minutes was followed by 30 minutes of extra time; if scores were still level, there was a penalty shoot-out to determine who progressed to the next round. Golden goal comes into play if a team scores during extra time, thus becoming the winner which concludes the game.

text:
Round of 16Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal                27 June – Paris   Brazil4 3 July – Nantes  Chile1
  Brazil3 28 June – Saint-Denis  Denmark2
  Nigeria1 7 July – Marseille  Denmark4
  Brazil (p)1 (4) 29 June – Toulouse  Netherlands1 (2)
  Netherlands2 4 July – Marseille  Yugoslavia1
  Netherlands2 30 June – St. Étienne  Argentina1
  Argentina (p)2 (4) 12 July – Saint-Denis  England2 (3)
  Brazil0 27 June – Marseille  France3
  Italy1 3 July – Saint-Denis  Norway0
  Italy0 (3) 28 June – Lens  France (p)0 (4)
  France (aet)1 8 July – Saint-Denis  Paraguay0
  France2 29 June – Montpellier  Croatia1
Third place  Germany2 4 July – Lyon11 July – Paris  Mexico1
  Germany0 Netherlands1 30 June – Bordeaux  Croatia3
 Croatia2
  Romania0   Croatia1

text: Round of 16[edit]

text:
Italy

1–0

 Norway

Vieri  18'

Report

text:
Brazil

4–1

 Chile

César Sampaio  11', 27'Ronaldo  45+1' (pen.), 70'

Report

Salas  68'

text:
France

1–0 (a.e.t.)

 Paraguay

Blanc  114'

Report

text:
Nigeria

1–4

 Denmark

Babangida  78'

Report

Møller  3'B. Laudrup  12'Sand  60'Helveg  76'

text:
Germany

2–1

 Mexico

Klinsmann  75'Bierhoff  86'

Report

Hernández  47'

text:
Netherlands

2–1

 Yugoslavia

Bergkamp  38'Davids  90+2'

Report

Komljenović  48'

text:
Romania

0–1

 Croatia

Report

Šuker  45+2' (pen.)

text:
Argentina

2–2 (a.e.t.)

 England

Batistuta  6' (pen.)Zanetti  45+1'

Report

Shearer  10' (pen.)Owen  16'

Penalties

Berti Crespo Verón Gallardo Ayala

4–3

 Shearer Ince Merson Owen Batty

text: Quarter-finals[edit]

text:
Italy

0–0 (a.e.t.)

 France

Report

Penalties

R. Baggio Albertini Costacurta Vieri Di Biagio

3–4

 Zidane Lizarazu Trezeguet Henry Blanc

text:
Brazil

3–2

 Denmark

Bebeto  11'Rivaldo  27', 60'

Report

Jørgensen  2'B. Laudrup  50'

text:
Netherlands

2–1

 Argentina

Kluivert  12'Bergkamp  90'

Report

López  17'

text:
Germany

0–3

 Croatia

Report

Jarni  45+3'Vlaović  80'Šuker  85'

text: Semi-finals[edit]

text:
Brazil

1–1 (a.e.t.)

 Netherlands

Ronaldo  46'

Report

Kluivert  87'

Penalties

Ronaldo Rivaldo Emerson Dunga

4–2

 F. de Boer Bergkamp Cocu R. de Boer

text:
France

2–1

 Croatia

Thuram  47', 69'

Report

Šuker  46'

text: Third place play-off[edit]

text: Croatia beat the Netherlands to earn third place in the competition. Davor Šuker scored the winner in the 35th minute to secure the golden boot.[24]

text:
Netherlands

1–2

 Croatia

Zenden  21'

Report

Prosinečki  13'Šuker  35'

text: Final[edit]

text: The final was held on 12 July 1998 at the Stade de France, Saint-Denis. France defeated holders Brazil 3–0, with two goals from Zinedine Zidane and a stoppage time strike from Emmanuel Petit. The win gave France their first World Cup title, becoming the sixth national team after Uruguay, Italy, England, West Germany and Argentina to win the tournament on their home soil. They also inflicted the second-heaviest World Cup defeat on Brazil,[25] later to be topped by Brazil's 7–1 defeat by Germany in the semi-finals of the 2014 FIFA World Cup.[26]

text: The pre-match build up was dominated by the omission of Brazilian striker Ronaldo from the starting lineup only to be reinstated 45 minutes before kick-off.[27] He managed to create the first open chance for Brazil in the 22nd minute, dribbling past defender Thuram before sending a cross out on the left side that goalkeeper Fabien Barthez struggled to hold onto. France however took the lead after Brazilian defender Roberto Carlos conceded a corner from which Zidane scored via a header. Three minutes before half-time, Zidane scored his second goal of the match, similarly another header from a corner. The tournament hosts went down to ten men in the 68th minute as Marcel Desailly was sent off for a second bookable offence. Brazil reacted to this by making an attacking substitution and although they applied pressure France sealed the win with a third goal: substitute Patrick Vieira set up his club teammate Petit in a counterattack to shoot low past goalkeeper Cláudio Taffarel.[28]

text: French president Jacques Chirac was in attendance to congratulate and commiserate the winners and runners-up respectively after the match.[29] Several days after the victory, winning manager Aimé Jacquet announced his resignation from the French team with immediate effect.[30][31]

text:
Brazil

0–3

 France

Report

Zidane  27', 45+1'Petit  90+3'

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text: Davor Šuker received the Golden Boot for scoring six goals. In total, 171 goals were scored by 112 players:

text: Davor Šuker

text:
Gabriel Batistuta
 Christian Vieri

text:
Ronaldo
 Marcelo Salas
 Luis Hernández

text:
Bebeto
 César Sampaio
 Rivaldo
 Thierry Henry
 Oliver Bierhoff
 Jürgen Klinsmann
 Dennis Bergkamp

text:
Ariel Ortega
 Marc Wilmots
 Robert Prosinečki
 Brian Laudrup
 Michael Owen
 Alan Shearer
 Emmanuel Petit
 Lilian Thuram
 Zinedine Zidane
 Roberto Baggio
 Theodore Whitmore
 Ricardo Peláez
 Salaheddine Bassir
 Abdeljalil Hadda
 Phillip Cocu
 Ronald de Boer
 Patrick Kluivert
 Viorel Moldovan
 Shaun Bartlett
 Fernando Hierro
 Fernando Morientes
 Slobodan Komljenović

text:
Claudio López
 Mauricio Pineda
 Javier Zanetti
 Andreas Herzog
 Toni Polster
 Ivica Vastić
 Luc Nilis
 Emil Kostadinov
 Patrick M'Boma
 Pierre Njanka
 José Luis Sierra
 Léider Preciado
 Robert Jarni
 Mario Stanić
 Goran Vlaović
 Thomas Helveg
 Martin Jørgensen
 Michael Laudrup
 Peter Møller
 Allan Nielsen
 Marc Rieper
 Ebbe Sand
 Darren Anderton
 David Beckham
 Paul Scholes
 Laurent Blanc
 Youri Djorkaeff
 Christophe Dugarry
 Bixente Lizarazu
 David Trezeguet
 Andreas Möller
 Mehdi Mahdavikia
 Hamid Estili
 Luigi Di Biagio
 Robbie Earle
 Masashi Nakayama
 Cuauhtémoc Blanco
 Alberto García Aspe
 Mustapha Hadji
 Edgar Davids
 Marc Overmars
 Pierre van Hooijdonk
 Boudewijn Zenden
 Mutiu Adepoju
 Tijani Babangida
 Victor Ikpeba
 Sunday Oliseh
 Wilson Oruma
 Dan Eggen
 Håvard Flo
 Tore André Flo
 Kjetil Rekdal
 Celso Ayala
 Miguel Ángel Benítez
 José Cardozo
 Adrian Ilie
 Dan Petrescu
 Sami Al-Jaber
 Yousuf Al-Thunayan
 Craig Burley
 John Collins
 Benni McCarthy
 Ha Seok-ju
 Yoo Sang-chul
 Kiko
 Luis Enrique
 Raúl
 Skander Souayah
 Brian McBride
 Siniša Mihajlović
 Predrag Mijatović
 Dragan Stojković

text:
Georgi Bachev (against Spain)
 Youssef Chippo (against Norway)
 Tom Boyd (against Brazil)
 Pierre Issa (against France)
 Andoni Zubizarreta (against Nigeria)
 Siniša Mihajlović (against Germany)

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Golden Shoe winner

Golden Ball winner

Yashin Award

FIFA Fair Play Trophy

Most Entertaining Team

 Davor Šuker

 Ronaldo

 Fabien Barthez

 England France

 France

text: Players who were red-carded during the tournament[edit]

text:
Ariel Ortega
 Gert Verheyen
 Anatoli Nankov
 Raymond Kalla
 Lauren
 Rigobert Song
 Miklos Molnar
 Morten Wieghorst
 David Beckham
 Laurent Blanc
 Marcel Desailly
 Zinedine Zidane
 Christian Wörns
 Darryl Powell
 Ha Seok-ju
 Pável Pardo
 Ramón Ramírez
 Patrick Kluivert
 Arthur Numan
 Mohammed Al-Khilaiwi
 Craig Burley
 Alfred Phiri

text: All-star team[edit]

text: The All-star team is a squad consisting of the 16 most impressive players at the 1998 World Cup, as selected by FIFA's Technical Study Group.[32]

text:
Goalkeepers

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

 Fabien Barthez
 José Luis Chilavert

 Roberto Carlos
 Marcel Desailly
 Lilian Thuram
 Frank de Boer
 Carlos Gamarra

 Dunga
 Rivaldo
 Michael Laudrup
 Zinedine Zidane
 Edgar Davids

 Ronaldo
 Davor Šuker
 Brian Laudrup
 Dennis Bergkamp

text: Final standings[edit]

text: After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed in the 1998 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition and overall results.[33]

text:
R

Team

G

P

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts.

1
 France
C
7
6
1
0
15
2
+13
19

2
 Brazil
A
7
4
1
2
14
10
+4
13

3
 Croatia
H
7
5
0
2
11
5
+6
15

4
 Netherlands
E
7
3
3
1
13
7
+6
12

Eliminated in the quarter-finals

5
 Italy
B
5
3
2
0
8
3
+5
11

6
 Argentina
H
5
3
1
1
10
4
+6
10

7
 Germany
F
5
3
1
1
8
6
+2
10

8
 Denmark
C
5
2
1
2
9
7
+2
7

Eliminated in the round of 16

9
 England
G
4
2
1
1
7
4
+3
7

10
 Yugoslavia
F
4
2
1
1
5
4
+1
7

11
 Romania
G
4
2
1
1
4
3
+1
7

12
 Nigeria
D
4
2
0
2
6
9
−3
6

13
 Mexico
E
4
1
2
1
8
7
+1
5

14
 Paraguay
D
4
1
2
1
3
2
+1
5

15
 Norway
A
4
1
2
1
5
5
0
5

16
 Chile
B
4
0
3
1
5
8
−3
3

Eliminated in the group stage

17
 Spain
D
3
1
1
1
8
4
+4
4

18
 Morocco
A
3
1
1
1
5
5
0
4

19
 Belgium
E
3
0
3
0
3
3
0
3

20
 Iran
F
3
1
0
2
2
4
−2
3

21
 Colombia
G
3
1
0
2
1
3
−2
3

22
 Jamaica
H
3
1
0
2
3
9
−6
3

23
 Austria
B
3
0
2
1
3
4
−1
2

24
 South Africa
C
3
0
2
1
3
6
−3
2

25
 Cameroon
B
3
0
2
1
2
5
−3
2

26
 Tunisia
G
3
0
1
2
1
4
−3
1

27
 Scotland
A
3
0
1
2
2
6
−4
1

28
 Saudi Arabia
C
3
0
1
2
2
7
−5
1

29
 Bulgaria
D
3
0
1
2
1
7
−6
1

30
 South Korea
E
3
0
1
2
2
9
−7
1

31
 Japan
H
3
0
0
3
1
4
−3
0

32
 United States
F
3
0
0
3
1
5
−4
0

text: Symbols[edit]

text: Mascot[edit]

text: The official mascot was Footix, a rooster first presented in May 1996.[34] It was created by graphic designer Fabrice Pialot and selected from a shortlist of five mascots.[35] Research carried out about the choice of having a cockerel as a mascot was greatly received: 91% associated it immediately with France, the traditional symbol of the nation.[34] Footix, the name chosen by French television viewers, is a portmanteau of "football" and the ending "-ix" from the popular Astérix comic strip.[34] The mascot's colours reflect those of the host nation's flag and home strip – blue for the jump suit, a red crest and with the words 'France 98' coloured in white.

text: Official song[edit]

text: The official song of the 1998 FIFA World Cup was "The Cup of Life," aka "La Copa de la Vida" recorded by Ricky Martin.[36][37]

text: Match ball[edit]

text: The match ball for the 1998 World Cup, manufactured by Adidas was named the Tricolore, meaning 'three-coloured' in French.[38] It was the eighth World Cup match ball made for the tournament by the German company and was the first in the series to be multi-coloured.[39] The tricolour flag and cockerel, traditional symbols of France were used as inspiration for the design.[39]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: The sponsors of the 1998 FIFA World Cup are divided into two categories: FIFA World Cup Sponsors and France Supporters.[40][41]

text:
FIFA World Cup sponsors
France Supporters

Adidas[42][43]
Budweiser
Canon[44][45]
Casio[46]
Coca-Cola[47][48]
Fujifilm[49][43]
Gillette[50][47] (Braun)[51]
JVC[52][53]
EDS
MasterCard[54][55]
McDonald's[56][57]
Opel[58][59]
Philips[54][59]
Snickers[43][60]

Air France
Citroën
Crédit Agricole[61]
France Telecom[62]
La Poste[63]
Peugeot
Renault

text: The absence of Budweiser (which was one of the sponsors in the previous two World Cups) is notable due to the Evin law, which forbids alcohol-related sponsorship in France, including in sports events (and thus, being replaced by Casio).[64]

text: Broadcasting[edit]

text:
FIFA, through several companies, sold the broadcasting rights for the 1998 FIFA World Cup to many broadcasters. In the UK BBC and ITV had the broadcasting rights.
The pictures and audio of the competition were supplied to the TV and radio channels by the company TVRS 98, the broadcaster of the tournament.[65]

text: The World Cup matches were broadcast in 200 countries. 818 photographers were credited for the tournament. In every match, a stand was reserved for the press. The number of places granted to them reached its maximum in the final, when 1,750 reporters and 110 TV commentators were present in the stand.[66]

text: Video games[edit]

text: The official video game, World Cup 98 was released by EA Sports on 13 March 1998 for Microsoft Windows, PlayStation, Nintendo 64 and the Game Boy. It was the first international football game developed by Electronic Arts since obtaining the rights from FIFA in 1997 and received mostly favourable reviews.[67][68][69]

text: Many other video games, including International Superstar Soccer 98, World League Soccer 98, Actua Soccer 2 and Neo Geo Cup '98: The Road to the Victory were released in the buildup to the 1998 World Cup and evidently were based on the tournament. FIFA: Road to World Cup 98, also by EA Sports focused on the qualification stage.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Honorary FIFA President João Havelange praised France's hosting of the World Cup, describing the tournament as one that would "remain with me forever, as I am sure they will remain with everyone who witnessed this unforgettable competition".[70] Lennart Johansson, the chairman of the organising committee for the World Cup and President of UEFA added that France provided "subject matter of a quality that made the world hold its breath".[71]

text: Cour des Comptes, the quasi-judicial body of the French government released its report on the organisation of the 1998 World Cup in 2000.[72]


document_title: To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday

question_text: where was the movie to gillian on her 37th birthday filmed

text: To Gillian on Her 37th Birthday

text: Plot[edit]

text: David Lewis (Peter Gallagher) is so affected by the death of his beautiful wife, Gillian (Michelle Pfeiffer), who fell from the mast of their yacht on a sailing trip, that he turns their summer cottage in Nantucket, Massachusetts into a permanent home and spends most of his time on the beach there, communicating with Gillian's spirit and unwittingly neglecting his teenage daughter, Rachel (Claire Danes).

text: On the second anniversary of Gillian's death, David invites her sister, Esther Wheeler (Kathy Baker), and her husband, Paul (Bruce Altman), to stay for the weekend. She insists on bringing a female friend named Kevin Dollof (Wendy Crewson) whom she hopes David will become romantically interested in. He, however, ignores her in proceeding with a ritualistic celebration of Gillian's birthday.

text: The events of the weekend cause the adults to re-examine their relationships; Esther and Paul have to deal with the problem posed to their marriage by Rachel's provocative young teenage friend Cindy (Laurie Fortier), while, most importantly, David comes to realize that he can be a loving and attentive father to Rachel without betraying the memory of Gillian.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Peter Gallagher as David Lewis
Michelle Pfeiffer as Gillian Lewis
Claire Danes as Rachel Lewis
Laurie Fortier as Cindy Bayles
Wendy Crewson as Kevin Dollof
Bruce Altman as Paul Wheeler
Kathy Baker as Esther Wheeler
Freddie Prinze, Jr. as Joey Bost
Rachel Seidman-Lockamy as Megan Weeks
Seth Green as Danny

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was filmed on location in Nantucket, Massachusetts and in and around Wilmington, North Carolina,[1] although some of the beach scenes were filmed at Long Beach, California and the sailing accident was filmed at Marina del Rey, California; the obvious differences between the two were noticeable enough to be mentioned by The New York Times reviewer.[2]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film currently holds a rating of 14% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 28 reviews, indicating an overwhelmingly negative critical response.[3]

text: Emanuel Levy in Variety described the film as "a bargain-basement Ghost, a hybrid of an earnest, inspirational play and a sleek, calculated Lifetime telepic."[4] Janet Maslin in The New York Times wrote: "It's not easy for the story's tear-jerking potential to be realized when its characters express their pain as if they were writing greeting cards."[2] The Washington Post wrote that, "for all the moonlight and magic, the film scares up little in the way of enchantment."[5]

text: Many critics found it difficult to accept the basic premise, that the main character's continued mourning of his deceased wife was so detrimental to those around him. Roger Ebert, in particular, expressed frustration: "The movie cannot see that Esther is a deranged nuisance who should mind her own business, that David is entitled to his grief, that Rachel is happy living on the island, and that if Gillian appears to David, so much the better."[6] The Los Angeles Times wrote: "Despite its apparent parallels to Ghost, Gillian takes an entirely opposite path. Throughout Ghost, we were made to feel desperate for a reunion of Patrick Swayze's roaming spirit with a mourning Demi Moore. In Gillian, the whole purpose is to get David to give up the ghost."[7] Mick LaSalle in the San Francisco Chronicle thought the film lacked dramatic impetus: "the grieving husband never quite seems crazy enough - and the sister is never angry enough...drama is avoided. Issues are muddy. And everyone stays a nice person... In fact, typical of the film's undramatic choices - it's ungenerous unwillingness to commit to the extreme - the husband knows she [Gillian] is an illusion. So he's not crazy. She's not a ghost. And the sister-in-law, far from evil, is merely concerned. So why are we watching these people?"[8]

text: One aspect of the film that garnered unanimous praise was the performance of Claire Danes as the troubled daughter. Variety wrote: "Danes proves again that she's one of the most naturally gifted actresses of her generation."[4] The New York Times described her as "especially expressive in the film's later scenes, demonstrating a rare ability to seem fresh and honest when her material quite clearly is not."[2] The Los Angeles Times wrote: "Danes is terrific playing an awkward teenager trying to understand her father's problems while feeling the first stirrings of passion in herself."[7] According to the Washington Post, "the gifted actress steals the show."[5]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Claire Danes won a Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film - Supporting Young Actress.[9]