document_title: Grammy Award records

question_text: who won the most grammy awards by male artist in one night

root

text: Grammy Award records

text: Awards[edit]

text: Most Grammys won[edit]

text: The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Sir Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.[1][2]

tag: p

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

Alison Krauss

4
Pierre Boulez
26

5
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

7
John Williams
23

8
U2
22

Chick Corea

Beyoncé

11
Jay-Z
21

Kanye West

Vince Gill

Paul McCartney

15
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Bruce Springsteen

tag: table

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist[edit]

text: Georg Solti had won a total of 31 Grammy Awards.

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

3
Pierre Boulez
26

4
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

6
John Williams
23

7
Chick Corea
22

8
Kanye West
21

Paul McCartney

Vince Gill

Jay Z

12
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Bruce Springsteen

Al Schmitt

16
Jimmy Sturr
18

Tony Bennett

Yo-Yo Ma

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist[edit]

text: Alison Krauss has, as a solo artist, collaborator and producer, won 27 Grammy Awards.[3]

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Alison Krauss[note 1]
27

2
Beyoncé[note 2]
22

3
Aretha Franklin
18

4
Adele
15

Alicia Keys

6
Ella Fitzgerald
13

Leontyne Price

Emmylou Harris

9
Shirley Caesar
11

10
Chaka Khan
10

Bonnie Raitt

Linda Ronstadt

Taylor Swift

CeCe Winans

15
Mary J. Blige
9

Natalie Cole

Sheryl Crow

Norah Jones

Hillary Scott[note 3]

text: Most Grammys won by a group[edit]

text: U2 holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a group. They have won 22 awards.

text:
Rank
Artists
Awards

1
U2
22

2
Alison Krauss and Union Station
14

3
Dixie Chicks
13

4
Foo Fighters
11

5
Pat Metheny Group
10

6
The Manhattan Transfer
9

The Beatles

Emerson String Quartet

Asleep At The Wheel

10
Blackwood Brothers
8

Metallica

Santana

Take 6

14
Coldplay
7

Kentucky Thunder

Lady Antebellum

Simon & Garfunkel

Los Tigres del Norte

text: Most Grammys won by a producer[edit]

text: Quincy Jones with 27 awards holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a producer (and eleven of those were awarded for production duties. Jones also received Grammys as an arranger and a performing artist). Some producers have also won awards as engineers, mixers and/or mastering engineers.

text:
Rank
Producer
Awards

1
Quincy Jones
27

2
Kanye West
21

3
David Foster
16

James Mallinson

4
Steven Epstein
15

David Frost

7
Phil Ramone
14

8
T Bone Burnett
13

Robert Woods

Jay David Saks

11
Arif Mardin
11

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer[edit]

text: Al Schmitt, with 20 awards, has won more Grammy Awards than any other engineer or mixer.

text: Youngest winners[edit]

text: The Peasall Sisters are the youngest Grammy winners, when they were credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, which won Album of the Year in 2002.[4] LeAnn Rimes is the youngest individual winner. She was 14 years old when she won her first two awards in 1997. She was also the first Country artist to win the Best New Artist Grammy.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
9 years
Hannah Peasall

3
13 years
Sarah Peasall

4
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

5
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

6
17 years, 81 days
Lorde

7
18 years, 105 days
Daya

8
18 years, 123 days
Monica

9
19 years, 67 days
Christina Aguilera

10
19 years, 112 days
LaTavia Roberson

text: Youngest artists to win Album of the Year[edit]

text: Taylor Swift is the youngest artist to win Album of the Year. She was 20 years old when she won in 2010 for her album Fearless.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
20 years, 49 days
Taylor Swift

2
21 years, 242 days
Alanis Morissette

3
22 years, 18 days
Barbra Streisand

4
23 years, 274 days
Lauryn Hill

5
23 years, 283 days
Adele

6
23 years, 293 days
Stevie Wonder

7
23 years, 330 days
Norah Jones

text: Oldest winners[edit]

text: Pinetop Perkins is the oldest person to win a Grammy. In 2011 he was awarded Best Traditional Blues Album for Joined At The Hip at 97 years of age.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
97 years, 221 days
Pinetop Perkins

2
95 years, 31 days
George Burns

3
91 years, 137 days
Jimmy Carter

4
90 years, 52 days
Elizabeth Cotten

5
90 years, 26 days
Betty White

text: Note: Sources vary on the birth year of Elizabeth Cotten, with some stating it as 1893, while others say 1895. The above information credits it as 1895. With either year, Cotten is the oldest female Grammy winner.

text: Most honored albums[edit]

text: Santana's Supernatural and U2's How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb hold the record for most honored album having won nine awards. Supernatural won nine awards in 2000 and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb won three awards in 2005 and won a further six in 2006 giving it a total of nine awards.

text:
Rank
Albums & Artists
Awards

1
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb — U2
9

3
Supernatural — Santana

Come Away With Me — Norah Jones
8

Genius Loves Company — Ray Charles

Thriller — Michael Jackson

7
All That You Can't Leave Behind — U2
7

Back on the Block — Quincy Jones

9
21 — Adele
6

Back To Black — Amy Winehouse

The Blueprint 3 — Jay Z

Bridge Over Troubled Water — Simon & Garfunkel

Raising Sand — Robert Plant & Alison Krauss

The Return of Roger Miller — Roger Miller

Taking the Long Way — Dixie Chicks

To Pimp a Butterfly — Kendrick Lamar

Toto IV — Toto

Unforgettable... with Love — Natalie Cole

Unplugged — Eric Clapton

text: Most Album of the Year wins[edit]

text: The record for most Album of the Year wins is three. Three recording artists, four record producers, two mastering engineers and one engineer/mixer have won the award three times.

text:
Frank Sinatra, artist — Come Dance with Me! (1960), September of My Years (1966), A Man and His Music (1967)
Stevie Wonder, artist — Innervisions (1974), Fulfillingness' First Finale (1975), Songs in the Key of Life (1977)
Paul Simon, artist — Bridge over Troubled Water (1971), Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), Graceland (1987)
David Foster, producer — Unforgettable… with Love (1992), The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album (1994), Falling into You (1997)
Phil Ramone, producer — Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), 52nd Street (1980), Genius Loves Company (2005)
Daniel Lanois, producer — The Joshua Tree (1988), Time out of Mind (1998), How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2006)
Bob Ludwig, mastering engineer — Babel (2013), Random Access Memories (2014), Morning Phase (2015)
Tom Coyne, mastering engineer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer — 21 (2012), Morning Phase (2015), 25 (2017)
Ryan Tedder, producer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)

tag: ul

text: Most Record of the Year wins[edit]

text: The record for most wins are three.

text:
Paul Simon, artist
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer
Tom Coyne, mastering engineer

text: Most Grammys won for consecutive albums[edit]

text: Pat Metheny and his band the Pat Metheny Group have won 20 Grammy Awards in total, including seven consecutive awards for seven consecutive albums.[5] Metheny held the record for Grammy wins in the most different categories as of the 2005 Grammy Awards:

text:
Best Jazz Fusion Performance (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1990)
Best Instrumental Composition (1991)
Best Contemporary Jazz Performance/Album (1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2005)
Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group (1998, 2000, 2013)
Best Rock Instrumental Performance (1999)
Best Jazz Instrumental Solo (2001)
Best New Age Album (2004, 2012)

text: Most consecutive Grammys won for the same category[edit]

text: Aretha Franklin holds the record for winning the most consecutive Grammys in the same category. She won the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance every year from 1968 to 1975, for an eight-year winning streak. She also won in this category in 1982, 1986, and 1988, giving her 11 wins in the category.

text: After Franklin, Jimmy Sturr, Bill Cosby and John Williams are tied for second place for consecutive Grammy wins in the same category:

text: Sturr won six years in a row between 1987 and 1992 for Best Polka Album. He also won for three runs of four consecutive years (1996–1999, 2001–2004, and 2006–2009.) He won 18 out of the 24 Best Polka Album Grammys that were awarded since that category was added in 1985. The award was discontinued in 2009.

text: Cosby won six years in a row between 1965 and 1970 for Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.

text: Williams won six years in a row between 1978 and 1983 for Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.

text: Lenny Kravitz won the Best Male Rock Vocal Performance award four years in a row (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002).

text: Artists who have won all four General Field awards[edit]

text: There have been only two artists who have won all four General Field awards. In 1981, Christopher Cross won Record, Album and Song of the Year as well as Best New Artist.[6] Adele is the second artist to win all four, and the first female to do so. In 2009, she won Best New Artist and in 2012 and 2017, she won Record, Album and Song of the Year.

text: Single ceremony[edit]

text: Most Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: The Record for Most Grammys won in one night is eight. Michael Jackson won eight in 1984 and Santana tied Jackson's record in 2000.

text:
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

Santana (2000)

3
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Toto (1983)

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

Beyoncé (2010)

Adele (2012)

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson won eight awards in 1984.

text:
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

2
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist in one night[edit]

text: The record most Grammys won by a female artist in one night is six. Beyoncé and Adele each won six in 2010 and 2012, respectively.

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Beyoncé (2010)
6

Adele (2012)

3
Lauryn Hill (1999)
5

Alicia Keys (2002)

Norah Jones (2003)

Beyoncé (2004)

Amy Winehouse (2008)

Alison Krauss (2009)

Adele (2017)

text: Most Grammys won by a group in one night[edit]

text: In 2000, Santana was awarded a total of 8 awards. They won the awards for Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text:
Rank
Artists
Awards

1
Santana (2000)
8

2
Toto (1983)
6

3
Simon & Garfunkel (1971)
5

U2 (2006)

Dixie Chicks (2007)

Lady Antebellum (2011)

Foo Fighters (2012)

text: Most Grammys won by a record producer in one night[edit]

text: The record for most awards won by a producer in one night is five. Rick Rubin won five awards in 2007 including Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Best Country Album for the Dixie Chicks, Best Rock Album for the Red Hot Chili Peppers as well as Producer of the Year, Non Classical.

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night[edit]

text: The most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night is six. At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017, Tom Elmhirst won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, Best Engineered Album Non Classical, Best Alternative Music Album and Best Rock Album for his work on Adele's '25', David Bowie's 'Blackstar' and Cage The Elephant's 'Tell Me I'm Pretty'.

text: Artist who has won all four General Field Awards at a single ceremony[edit]

text: Christopher Cross (1981) received all four General Field awards in one night. Cross won the Record of the Year ("Sailing"), Album of the Year ("Christopher Cross"), Song of the Year ("Sailing"), and Best New Artist Grammys in a single ceremony.[7]

text: Artists who have won Record, Album and Song of the Year in one night[edit]

text: The three biggest Grammy Awards are Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Song of the Year. Six artists have won all three in one night. Adele is the only artist in Grammy history to accomplish this twice.

text:
Year
Artist

1971
Paul Simon

1972
Carole King

1981
Christopher Cross

1993
Eric Clapton

2007
Dixie Chicks

2012
Adele

2017

text: Most Grammys won by an album in one night[edit]

text: The most awards awarded to an album in one night is nine. In 2000 Santana's Supernatural was awarded nine awards. It won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or group with Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text: Most posthumous Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: Ray Charles holds the record for most posthumous awards won in one night. He was awarded five Grammy Awards in 2005 including Album of the Year.

text: Nominations[edit]

text: Most Grammy nominations[edit]

text: Quincy Jones holds the record for the most Grammy nominations with 79.[8][9]

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Quincy Jones
79

2
Paul McCartney[note 4]
78

3
Georg Solti
74

Stevie Wonder

5
Henry Mancini
72

6
Kanye West
68

7
Pierre Boulez
67

8
Jay Z
66

9
Leonard Bernstein
63

10
Chick Corea
64

11
Beyoncé[note 5]
62

John Williams

13
Bruce Springsteen[note 6]
51

Jay David Saks

15
Bono[note 7][note 6]
50

Thomas Z. Shepard

17
Willie Nelson
49

James Mallinson

Babyface

text: Most nominations in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson holds the record for most Grammy nominations in one night with 12 nominations.

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations
Year

1
Michael Jackson
12
1984

2
Kendrick Lamar
11
2016

3
Lauryn Hill
10
1999

Kanye West
2005

Beyoncé
2010

Eminem
2011

7
Roger Miller
9
1966

Paul McCartney
1966

The Manhattan Transfer
1986

Jay Z
2014

Beyoncé
2017

text: Most nominations without winning[edit]

text: The record for most Grammy nominations without a win is 20, held by Morten Lindberg.

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Morten Lindberg
20

2
Snoop Dogg
17

Brian McKnight

4
Joe Satriani
15

5
Toshiko Akiyoshi
14

Martina McBride

Björk

8
Katy Perry
13

Nas

Spyro Gyra

11
Diana Ross
12

Dierks Bentley

Busta Rhymes

Lenny Gomulka

Peter Kater

16
Musiq Soulchild
11

Connie Smith

Vanessa L. Williams

Jazmine Sullivan

R. Carlos Nakai

Alan Parsons

Elly Ameling

text: Most nominations in one night without winning[edit]

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Paul McCartney (1966)
9

2
Kanye West (2017)
8

Rihanna (2017)

4
Stevie Wonder (1983)
7

India.Arie (2002)

Kendrick Lamar (2014)

7
Henry Mancini (1959)
6

Mariah Carey (1996)

50 Cent (2006)

Bruno Mars (2012)

11
Robert M. Jones (1961)
5

Elvis Presley (1961)

Frank Sinatra (1961)

James Taylor (1971)

Sting (1986)

Joan Osborne (1996)

Avril Lavigne (2003)

50 Cent (2004)

Alicia Keys (2006)

Gwen Stefani (2006)

James Blunt (2007)

Jazmine Sullivan (2009)

B.o.B (2011)

Lil Wayne (2012)

Drake (2014, 2016)

text: Grammy nominations in the most categories[edit]

text: Bob Dylan has been nominated in more categories than any other musician. He has been nominated in 13 different categories. These were in folk, spoken word, country, general, gospel, historical, rock, music video, visual media, pop, american roots, and most recently traditional. He is followed by Sir Paul McCartney who has received nomination in the general field, pop, arrangement, rock, visual media, music video, spoken word, historical, alternative music and rap. Béla Fleck is the artist with the third most nominations among categories. He has been nominated in the country, pop, jazz, bluegrass, world music, classical, folk, and spoken word, as well as composition and arranging categories.

text: Jackson siblings Michael and Janet are tied for the fourth most nominations in the most categories with nominations in seven different categories, they have received nominations in the general field and other categories. See list of awards and nominations received by Michael and Janet.

text: Artists who had been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night[edit]

text: Only ten artists have been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night.

text:
Year
Artist

1968
Bobbie Gentry

1980
Christopher Cross

1985
Cyndi Lauper

1989
Tracy Chapman

1991
Mariah Carey

1998
Paula Cole

2002
India.Arie

2008
Amy Winehouse

2013
Fun.

2015
Sam Smith

text: Youngest nominees[edit]

text: Leah Peasall of the Peasall sisters is the youngest ever Grammy nominee (and winner) as one of the credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack) in 2002.[4] Deleon Richards is the youngest performer to receive an individual nomination, for Best Soul/Gospel performance.[10]

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
8 years, 161 days
Deleon Richards

3
9 years
Hannah Peasall

4
12 years, 126 days
Zac Hanson

5
12 years, 155 days
Joey Alexander

6
12 years, 199 days
Michael Jackson

7
12 years, 273 days
Billy Gilman

8
13 years
Sarah Peasall

9
14 years, 45 days
Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith

10
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

11
14 years, 197 days
Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly

12
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

13
14 years, 348 days
Taylor Hanson


document_title: Call Me by Your Name (film)

question_text: when does call me by your name get wide release

text: Call Me by Your Name (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Elio, a seventeen-year-old Jewish American-Italian boy, lives in the northern Italian countryside with his parents. His father, a professor of archaeology, invites a 24-year-old Jewish American graduate student, Oliver, to live with his family during the summer of 1983 and help with his academic paperwork. Elio, an introspective bibliophile and musical prodigy, finds little in common with Oliver, whose carefree and exuberant personality contrasts with his own. Elio also resents vacating his bedroom for the duration of Oliver's stay. Elio spends much of the summer reading books and hanging out with his girlfriend, Marzia, while Oliver is attracted to one of the local girls, much to Elio's chagrin.

text: Elio and Oliver begin to spend time with each other, and a seductive courtship emerges—they swim together, go for long walks in the town, and accompany Elio's father on an archaeological trip. Although Elio begins a sexual relationship with Marzia and brags about it in front of Oliver to gauge his reaction, he increasingly finds himself attracted to Oliver. He sneaks into Oliver's room to smell his bathing suit and thinks about him while masturbating. During a trip to the post office, Elio subtly confesses his feelings to Oliver, who gently tells him that he should not act on them. Later that day, Elio and Oliver kiss, though Oliver is reluctant to go further. The pair subsequently grow distant during the next few days.

text: In response to a note from Elio, Oliver leaves a note on Elio's desk telling Elio to meet him at midnight. Elio spends the day with Marzia, all the while longing to see Oliver. Finally, at midnight, he approaches Oliver on the patio. The two make love for the first time. They grow closer over the next few days, having sex frequently while keeping their relationship secret. In bed, Oliver tells Elio, "Call me by your name and I'll call you by mine". They become more intimate both physically and emotionally. On one occasion, Elio ejaculates into a peach that he has split open, and when Oliver discovers it, he tries to take a bite of the peach in front of a humiliated Elio, who begs him not to. Completely smitten with Oliver by this point, Elio starts avoiding Marzia.

text: With the end of Oliver's stay imminent, the couple find themselves overcome by uncertainty and longing. Elio's parents, conscious of the bond between the two, recommend they take a trip to Bergamo together before Oliver goes back to America. They spend three romantic days together, after which Oliver leaves, and a heartbroken Elio returns home. He encounters a sympathetic Marzia, who still wants to be his friend, and his father, seeing how forlorn his son is, tells him that he was aware of Elio's affair with Oliver. He confesses to having come close to his own love affair with a friend in his youth, and urges Elio to find pleasure in the grief, since true love of the kind Elio and Oliver shared is rare.

text: During Hanukkah, Elio receives a phone call from Oliver, who tells Elio and his family that he is engaged to be married. After the phone call, a pained Elio sits by the fireplace. A parade of emotions crosses his face as his parents and the house staff prepare a holiday dinner.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Timothée Chalamet as Elio Perlman
Armie Hammer as Oliver
Michael Stuhlbarg as Mr. Perlman[5]
Amira Casar as Annella Perlman
Esther Garrel as Marzia
Victoire Du Bois as Chiara
Vanda Capriolo as Mafalda
Antonio Rimoldi as Anchise
Elena Bucci as Bambi
Marco Sgrosso as Nico
André Aciman as Mounir
Peter Spears as Isaac

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: After seeing an early galley of André Aciman's debut novel Call Me by Your Name in 2007, American producers Peter Spears and Howard Rosenman bought the screen rights to it before it was published.[6] Before developing it into a film, the two invited their friend James Ivory to work as an executive producer on the adaptation, which he accepted.[7] Spears and Rosenman read the book independently and produced it in 2008.[8] They soon found themselves in development hell:[9] they met with three different sets of directors and writers—including Gabriele Muccino, Ferzan Özpetek and Sam Taylor-Johnson[10]—but could not find anyone who would commit to the project.[6][11] Scheduling around the need to shoot in Italy during the summer also proved difficult.[6][11]

text: The producers reached out to Luca Guadagnino and lined him up as their first choice to direct, but he declined, citing a busy schedule.[8][12] A native of northern Italy, he was first hired as a location consultant instead,[13][14] to help "put the movie together from the Italian side."[15] Guadagnino later suggested that he co-direct the film with Ivory—without any contractual agreement yet in place.[9][15] Ivory accepted the offer,[9] and spent between six and nine months in 2014 working on the screenplay.[7][16] Guadagnino, who has described the novel as "a Proustian book about remembering the past and indulging in the melancholy of lost things,"[17] wrote the adaptation with Ivory, while also collaborating with Walter Fasano to "really fine-tune it".[15][18] It took place at Ivory's house, Guadagnino's kitchen table in Crema, and sometimes in New York.[19] Ivory hardly met the director during the process, as Guadagnino was busy making A Bigger Splash (2015).[16]

text: The screenplay was completed in late 2015 and early 2016.[16] It was approved by Aciman, who commended the adaptation as "direct, […] real and persuasive." He added, "as the writer I found myself saying, 'Wow, they've done better than the book'".[6] The completed screenplay was vital in securing funding for the film's production.[7][9] Among the financiers were the production companies La Cinéfacture (France); Frenesy Film Company (Italy, owned by Guadagnino); M.Y.R.A. Entertainment (United States); RT Features (Brazil), and Water's End Productions (United States)—along with the support of the Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism.[18][20][21] During negotiations, the production budget was reduced from $12 million to $3.5 million.[22][21]

text: In 2016, Ivory stepped down from directing to avoid conflicts, leaving Guadagnino to direct the film alone.[15][12] According to Ivory, financiers from Memento Films International didn't want to have two directors involved in the project, as they "thought it would be awkward [...] It might take longer, it would look terrible if we got in fights on the set, and so on."[7][16] Guadagnino has said that Ivory's version would have likely been "a much more costly [and] different film"—one which, in fact, could not have been made, because of "market realities".[13][14] Ivory became the solely credited screenwriter,[23] and subsequently sold the rights to the screenplay to Guadagnino's company.[7][16] It marks Ivory's first produced screenplay since Le Divorce (2003), and the only narrative feature that he has only written, not directed.[23] Despite that, Ivory was "very much involved" with other aspects of the production.[23] Guadagnino chose to dedicate the film to Bill Paxton—a friend of the director, Spears and his husband, Brian Swardstrom—after his death in February 2017.[24]

text: Adaptation[edit]

text: Call Me by Your Name is the final installment in Guadagnino's thematic Desire trilogy, following I Am Love (2009) and A Bigger Splash (2015).[25][12] The film represents a departure from his previous work, as on it he took a "non-aggressive" and simple approach; he has said this is "the most calm" movie he has made.[15][26] Despite being a literary adaptation, many scenes in the film play out wordlessly. "Words are part of what's going on, but it's not necessarily what's going on underneath. I think this film celebrates the underneath," he said.[8] Guadagnino considers the film an "homage to fathers," referring both to his own father and to four filmmakers who have inspired him—Jean Renoir, Jacques Rivette, Éric Rohmer, and Bernardo Bertolucci.[27]

text: Guadagnino has described Call Me By Your Name as a family-oriented film for the purpose of "transmission of knowledge and hope that people of different generations come to see the film together."[18] He never saw it as a "gay" movie, but rather calls it a film about the "beauty of the newborn idea of desire, unbiased and uncynical," and reflecting his motto of living "with a sense of joie de vivre",[26][15] in which "we should always be very earnest with one's feelings, instead of hiding them or shielding ourselves".[25] The director attempted to avoid the flaws he had seen in most coming-of-age films, in which growth is often portrayed as a result of resolving certain preconceived dilemmas—such as having to choose between two lovers.[14] He also wanted the story to follow two people in the moment, rather than focus on an antagonist or a tragedy,[26] a specific approach inspired by À Nos Amours (1983), directed by Maurice Pialat.[14][17] As someone who considers sex in film a representation of the characters' behavior and identity,[28] Guadagnino was not interested in including explicit sex scenes in the film, in order to keep the tone as planned, saying, "I wanted the audience to completely rely on the emotional travel of these people and feel first love [...] It was important to me to create this powerful universality, because the whole idea of the movie is that the other person makes you beautiful—enlightens you, elevates you."[29]

text: The film differs from its source material in a number of ways. While the novel serves as a memory-piece from Elio's perspective, the filmmakers behind Call Me by Your Name chose to set the movie entirely in the present timeline, a "much more efficient" solution, to help the audience understand the characters and "reflect the essence of the book."[8][17] The setting was changed from Bordighera to the countryside of Crema, Lombardy, where Guadagnino lives.[8][30] He decided to push up the original setting from 1987 to 1983—which he explained was a year, "in Italy at least, when everything that was great about the '70s is definitely shut down", and one in which the characters "are in a way untouched by the corruption of the '80s—in the U.S., Reagan, and in the UK, Thatcher".[19][31] Mr. Perlman's profession was refined by Ivory from a classics scholar to "an art historian/archeologist type."[8][30]

text: Guadagnino was tempted to remove the scene from the novel in which Elio masturbates into a pitted peach, as he thought it was a metaphor for "sexual impulses and energy", and that it was too explicit.[6][32] Timothée Chalamet was also nervous about the scene,[33] describing it as the key to illuminating the character's "overabundant sexual energy".[8] Despite their reservations, Guadagnino and Chalamet each tested the method by themselves, and both agreed that it worked, so the scene stayed in the film.[34] A scene featuring Elio and Oliver's "enthusiastic" dancing to The Psychedelic Furs' "Love My Way" in a small bar is not drawn from the book, but inspired by the time Guadagnino danced by himself in a bedroom when he was young.[6][35]

text: In revising Ivory's draft of the script, Guadagnino removed the voice-over narration and a considerable amount of nudity.[13][17] The director did not like the idea of having the main character tell the story retrospectively, stating that "it kills the surprise".[17] Toward the end of the novel, the two protagonists go off on a trip to Rome together, which lasts an entire chapter with new characters in multiple locations.[16][23] Because of the limited budget, Ivory and the producers came up with several variations, including the idea to have "everyone else leave and they are alone in the house"; and changed into "another kind of a little trip", where they spend "some time together away from the house".[16] In his original script, Ivory depicted Elio in the final scene when he was decorating a Christmas tree with candles in his family's home.[23] Ivory also had to cut down Mr. Perlman's speech, which was longer in the novel, but was committed to keeping it in the script.[36] He described the scene where Elio conveys his feelings to Oliver as one of the most important moments, capturing the "euphoric passion and nervousness" of their first love.[37]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In 2015, Shia LaBeouf and Greta Scacchi were reportedly set to be cast in the film.[38] In September 2016, Ivory confirmed that LaBeouf and Scacchi were no longer involved in the project. According to Ivory, LaBeouf had gone to New York City to do a reading for the film, but the production company later felt he was unsuitable due to his "various troubles"; although Ivory thought the two "had good scenes together" and could have made it into the film, the company disagreed.[39]

text: After seeing Armie Hammer's performance in The Social Network (2010), Guadagnino "fell in love" with him and cultivated his passion for Hammer and the movies he made afterwards.[15][34] The director found him to be a "sophisticated actor, with a great range" and had him in mind for the role of Oliver.[15] Hammer, who had expressed interest in Guadagnino's A Bigger Splash, met with the director years before the film went into production.[40][28] When the actor got the script, he almost turned down the role because of the nudity that had been in that draft. "I did want to pass; it scared me," he said. "There's a lot of stuff here that I've never done on film before. But there's no way I can't do this [film], mostly because it scares me so much."[40][41] According to Guadagnino, Hammer was going to pass on the role through his agent, but then changed his mind at the end of their conversation.[15][42] This is the third film in which Hammer has played a homosexual character, following J. Edgar (2011) and Final Portrait (2017).[32][43]

text: Chalamet has acted since he was a child and co-starred on Showtime's Homeland in 2012.[40] The following year, Swardstrom—Spears' husband and agent—introduced the then 17-year-old Chalamet to Guadagnino,[15][28] who immediately felt the actor had "the ambition, the intelligence, the sensitivity, the naivety, and the artistry" to play Elio.[17] Chalamet read Aciman's novel by the time he was seventeen, and described it as "a window into a young person".[33] Chalamet, who can speak fluent French and had played piano for years, arrived in Italy five weeks early to learn Italian, piano, and guitar.[8][44]

text: Michael Stuhlbarg plays Mr. Perlman, Elio's father.[40][45] The actor did not start reading the book until he had already joined the production.[46] He was moved by the "many beautiful sentiments expressed" in the script when he first read it, including Mr. Perlman's "sense of generosity and love and understanding".[47] Amira Casar, Esther Garrel and Victoire Du Bois feature in supporting roles as Annella, Marzia and Chiara respectively.[45] Casting director Stella Savino met Vanda Capriolo when she was biking in the countryside. The non-actor was later cast for the role of the maid, Mafalda.[48] Aciman and Spears themselves also appear briefly in the roles of Mounir and Isaac, a gay couple who attend a dinner party.[8][30] Aciman was asked to be in the movie after actors became unavailable. "It was a last-minute decision," Spears recalled, "Andrė turns out to be a phenomenal actor! So comfortable, not nervous at all. His wife was sitting there and said, 'I had no idea!'"[49]

text: Hammer and Chalamet both signed contracts that prohibited full-frontal nudity. Ivory, whose original screenplay had contained "all sorts of nudity," was dismayed by the decision, criticizing what he saw as an "American" attitude. "Nobody seems to care that much or be shocked about a totally naked woman. It's the men," he said.[9][13] Guadagnino, who remained involved in the casting,[40] chose actors based on their performances and chemistry, rather than choosing to "investigate or label" their sexuality.[29] He said, "The idea that you have to cast only someone who has a certain set of skills, and worse, a certain gender identity in any role: that's oppressive to me".[12]

text: Filming and post-production[edit]

text: Principal photography on Call Me by Your Name lasted between 32–34 days.[50][48] It began on 9 May 2016, shortly after A Bigger Splash was released in the United States,[51] and completed in June 2016.[52][39] The process occurred quietly,[53] with reports only appearing after filming had been underway for two weeks.[54][55] The director's first cut of the film was four hours long.[56][21] Post-production with regular editor Walter Fasano took only a month—between June and July,[15] the fastest Guadagnino had edited.[52]

text: The film was shot primarily in Crema[15][27] and the province of Cremona.[57][58] It was shot during an unexpected historic rainstorm in Italy, described by the weather reports as a "once-in-century rain."[50] The pre-production in Crema was fast:[11] a search for extras began there in March and April.[59][60] Scenes from the nearby villages of Pandino and Moscazzano were filmed from 17 May,[61][62] before moving to Crema on 1 June.[63] Additional outdoor scenes were shot on 4 December 2016.[64][65] Several historical locations in the surrounding streets in Crema and Pandino were chosen during production, including the arch of Torrazzo at the Crema Cathedral.[61][66] Businesses received compensation for financial losses caused by the closure, scheduled for 30 and 31 May.[67] Two days' filming at the cathedral were postponed due to the weather.[68] Production in Crema cost €18,000,[69] with a promotion campaign that cost €7,500.[70]

text: Filming also took place in the Lodigiano area near Crespiatica,[66] and two small towns in the immediate vicinity of Crema: Montodine and Ripalta.[8][64] The archaeological discovery scene was filmed at the Grottoes of Catullus by Lake Garda in Sirmione.[71][66] The trip to Bergamo was shot in multiple historical buildings, including the Bergamo Cathedral, the Santa Maria Maggiore, and the University of Sciences, Letters and Arts.[66] The production team was only able to secure permission to film at the Cascate del Serio in Valbondione for half an hour, owing to concerns about security.[57][66][72]

text: The actors lived in Crema and were able to absorb the rhythm of small-town life.[8] Guadagnino engaged deeply with the cast and filmmakers, and often cooked and showed films for them in his house.[6] Hammer and Chalamet, who did not have to do a screen test together,[17][73] met for the first time during the production in Crema.[52][8] They spent a month together before filming began,[52] watched Mike Tyson documentaries and went to local restaurants,[25][42] to build character development.[52] "We'd hang out with each other all the time, because we were pretty much the only Americans there, and we were able to defend one another and really get to know one another," Chalamet recalled.[44] In the first two days of production, Guadagnino sat down with the cast to read through the script.[19] Hammer and Chalamet went to the kissing scene during the first rehearsal.[73] The actors rehearsed their scenes every night before shooting, and spent several days shooting nude.[74] "I've never been so intimately involved with a director before. Luca was able to look at me and completely undress me," Hammer said.[34]

text: Guadagnino shot the film in chronological order,[19][75] which allowed the filmmakers to "witness the onscreen maturity of both protagonist and actor".[76] The scene where Mr. Perlman delivered an educational speech to Elio was filmed the day before shooting wrapped.[25][19] Stuhlbarg spent months to prepare for the scene,[25][47] one that Guadagnino wanted to make "as simple as possible" by taking less setups and "let the actors be."[77] According to Fasano, the scene took three takes, where Stuhlbarg was "on three different levels of getting emotional."[76]

text: During the dancing sequence, Hammer had to perform in front of "50 extras off camera," with the music being turned down to record the dialogue. "That was not fun, I don't really enjoy dancing," Hammer said.[42] The filmmakers laid a long camera dolly track and shot the scene where Elio confronts his feelings for Oliver in one take, to provide the flexibility and the "flow of emotion" that a cut scene could not.[78] Chalamet was listening to "Visions of Gideon", one of the original songs written for the film, in an earpiece, while filming the final sequence,[79][80] in which the director asked him to perform for three variations, one per take.[81]

text: Sayombhu Mukdeeprom, who had previously collaborated with Guadagnino on Ferdinando Cito Filomarino's Antonia (2015), served as the director of photography.[28][55] He read Aciman's novel before receiving the script, and spent time walking around filming locations to "get a feeling for everything [...] to see the color, to see how the light changed during the day, and input it into my data."[82] Lighting is an important factor in Mukdeeprom's work, as he needs the light to be engaged with the characters.[28] In order to capture the Northern Italian summer atmosphere for Call Me by Your Name,[15] he had to create completely artificial light, due to the heavy rains that lasted the entirety of the shoot.[28][50] Mukdeeprom had to adapt his technical approach to the weather condition, "so I had to order a package of lights. I ended up with 15Ks, down to 2.5," he said.[82] The cinematographer also connected to the actors during the scene; when they finished shooting the first take of the confrontation between Oliver and Elio, Mukdeeprom was crying in a corner of the room.[15] The film was shot using 35 mm film and a single lens, a decision influenced by the work of David Cronenberg in order to "solidif[y] the point of view,"[26] and make "the tension of the performance come off the screen."[3]

text: Production design and costume[edit]

text: The main location for the Perlmans' residence was Villa Albergoni, an uninhabited 17th-century mansion in Moscazzano.[8][66] The director initially wanted to buy the house but could not afford it, so he made a film at the place instead.[21][83] A landscape designer was hired to organize an orchard in the mansion's garden.[48] A pergola was shown on the patio, along with apricot and peach trees in the garden, which are not native to Lombardy.[66][84]

text: Six weeks before production, the crew—including production designer Samuel Dehors and first-time set decorator Violante Visconti di Modrone—gradually decorated the house with furniture, objects, and decoration inspired by the characters.[83][8] Much of the furniture, including the dishes and glassware from the '50s, belonged to Guadagnino and di Modrone's parents. "That made it cozy and personal," di Modrone said, "I wanted to give it the sense of time passing by."[85] The Asian-inspired paintings, maps, and mirrors mostly came from an antiques store in Milan.[85][84] Books used in background were published before 1982.[48][84] The swimming pool used in the film was recreated from a watering trough common in the area.[8][85]

text: In public places, the filmmakers set up faded political billboards to reflect the Italian general election in 1983,[48] and re-created a newsstand full of magazines of that particular time.[48] Guadagnino did not want the film to "look like a reflection on the 80s, [...] when it becomes period."[14] His team performed extensive research, with an assist from the residents of Crema, by entering people's houses and collecting their pictures of the '80s.[14][86] Chen Li, a Chinese woman who lives in Milan, served as graphic designer. She wrote the titles in the opening credits, in which the director used Xerox images of statues and placed them with Mr. Perlman's personal items.[48]

text: Costume designer Giulia Piersanti avoided using period costumes, and wanted to provide "a sense of insouciant adolescent sensuality, summer heat and sexual awakening" to the characters.[85] Several costume pieces from the film were made from scratch.[48] The costumes were influenced by the work in French films Pauline at the Beach (1983), A Tale of Springtime (1990), and A Summer's Tale (1996).[85] She took inspiration from her parents' photo albums for the Perlmans' wardrobe. For Oliver's "sexy, healthy American" image, Piersanti referred to "some of Bruce Weber's earliest photographs."[85] His clothes change throughout the film as "he's more able to free himself."[48] Aiming to emphasize Elio's confident style, she chose several Lacoste costumes, and a distinctive New Romantic-looking shirt in the final scene.[14][85] Elio's polo shirt and Fido Dido T-shirt came from her husband's closet.[85]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: Guadagnino normally selects the music for his films himself.[8] The director wanted to find an "emotional narrator to the film" through music, a "less heavy, less present, and more enveloping" way than voice and text.[19] He was inspired by the work in Barry Lyndon (1975), The Magnificent Ambersons (1942), and The Age of Innocence (1993).[19] Guadagnino wanted the film's music to be connected to Elio, a young pianist who likes to transcribe and adapt pieces, in order to get close to Oliver.[17] The music is used to reflect the time, the characters' family, level of education, and "the kind of canon they would be a part of".[17] Guadagnino also researched what was popular on the radio that summer, so as to stay true to the time period.[17][87]

text: Guadagnino found that the lyricism of Sufjan Stevens' work resonated with him.[28] The director initially asked Stevens to narrate the film through the older Elio's perspective, and record an original song for Call Me by Your Name, "almost as a break in the narrative".[79][28] Stevens declined the voiceover role,[79] and eventually contributed three songs to the soundtrack: "Mystery of Love", "Visions of Gideon", and a new rendition of "Futile Devices" with piano.[17] Stevens took inspiration from the script, the book, and conversations with the director about the characters.[28] He submitted the songs a few days before shooting began. Surprised by the result, the director listened to them with the actors and Fasano on-set.[8][52] Call Me by Your Name marks Stevens' first contributions to a feature film soundtrack.[88]

text: A soundtrack album was digitally released under Madison Gate Records and Sony Classical on 3 November 2017[89] and physically on 17 November.[90] It features songs by Stevens, The Psychedelic Furs, Loredana Bertè, Bandolero, Giorgio Moroder, Joe Esposito, and F. R. David, with compositions by John Adams, Erik Satie, Ryuichi Sakamoto, Johann Sebastian Bach, and Maurice Ravel.[91]

text: Release[edit]

text: Call Me by Your Name had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on 22 January 2017.[92][93] Prior to its premiere, Sony Pictures Classics acquired US distribution rights to the film for $6 million.[94] The deal was negotiated by WME Global and UTA Independent Film Group.[95] International distribution rights were purchased by Memento Films International, a French company that showed the film promo reel at the American Film Market in November 2016.[20][96] It was also screened at the Berlin International Film Festival on 13 February 2017, Toronto International Film Festival on 7 September 2017,[97][52][15] and New York Film Festival on 3 October 2017.[98]

text: Call Me by Your Name began a limited release in the United Kingdom on 27 October 2017,[27] and United States on 24 November 2017.[4] It expanded from four to thirty locations in the United States on 15 December 2017,[99] and then to 114 theaters on 22 December.[100] It hit 174 theaters on 12 January 2018,[101] before going into wide release, just days before the Oscar nomination announcement ceremony, on 19 January 2018, reaching 815 theaters.[102][103] In Italy, it was opened on 25 January;[104][105] special screenings with Guadagnino and the cast took place in Crema on 27–30 January.[105][106][107] The film was opened in Brazil on 18 January,[108] and will be released in France on 28 February 2018.[109]

text: Call Me by Your Name is scheduled for digital download on 27 February 2018.[110] It will be released on Blu-ray, DVD on 13 March 2018. Disc format bonus features audio commentary from the cast and filmmakers, behind the scenes gallery, and a music video for "Mystery of Love".[110]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Sony Pictures Classics debuted an official poster for Call Me by Your Name on 28 July 2017.[111] The first theatrical trailer was released on 1 August 2017.[112][113] On 11 October 2017, Sony Pictures Classics released a teaser titled "Dance Party" to celebrate National Coming Out Day.[114] The 42-second clip, which consists of one continuous shot of Hammer and Chalamet dancing to "Love My Way" at a bar, became a meme on Twitter.[115][116][35] Due to its placement in the snippet, "Love My Way" also gained streaming popularity, rose 13% on on-demand streams in two months before the film release. In the week ending 30 November 2017, the song collected 177,000 on-demand streams, its biggest streaming week in the country.[117]

text: Reaction to the advertisement on social media was somewhat negative, largely for Sony Pictures' "misleading" use of a still of Chalamet and Garrel instead of focusing on the protagonist's relationship.[118][119] Daniel Megarry of Gay Times described it as "an attempt to 'straight-wash' the movie's predominant same-sex romance",[120] while Benjamin Lee of The Guardian called it a "disastrous attempt to push Oscar-buzzed Call Me by Your Name as a straight love story," and said the advert "belies an industry awkwardly denying queerness".[121] Sony Pictures Classics later aired several commercial spots to promote the film during its nationwide expansion on 19 January 2018.[102]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of February 19, 2018[update], Call Me by Your Name has grossed $15 million in the United States and Canada, and $11.1 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $26.1 million, against a production budget of $3.5 million.[4] The film is Sony Pictures Classics third-highest grossing 2017 release.[122]

text: In the United States, the film began its limited run on 24 November 2017 at four theaters: The Paris Theater and Union Square Theatre in New York City, and the ArcLight Hollywood and Landmark Theater in Los Angeles.[123] The film made $404,874 in its opening weekend—a per-theater average of $101,219.[124][125] It was the highest average of 2017, the biggest since that of La La Land the previous December,[126] and had the best per-screen opening for a gay romance film since Brokeback Mountain (2005).[124][127] In its second weekend, the film grossed $281,288,[128][129] with an "excellent" per-screen average of $70,320.[130][131] The film expanded to nine theaters in its third weekend, grossing $291,101 for a "solid" $32,345 per-theater average.[132] It earned $491,933 from 30 theaters in its fourth weekend, averaging $16,398.[99]

text: The film expanded to 114 theaters in its fifth week and grossed $850,736, averaging $7,463 per screen.[100] It made $702,098 in 115 theaters in its sixth weekend, averaging $6,105.[133] The film crossed $6 million in its seventh weekend, earning $758,726 from 115 locations.[134] It grossed $715,559 from 174 theaters in its eight weekend, averaging $4,185 per screen.[101] In its nationwide release week, ninth weekend overall, the film grossed $1.4 million from 815 theaters, an underperformance compare to "some of its competition with similar theater counts".[102][103] The following weekend, following the announcement of its four Oscar nominations, the film dropped 6% to $1.3 million.[135][136] The film grossed $1,000,790 from 581 locations in its eleventh weekend, averaging $1,723.[137] In its twelveth weekend, it grossed $683,460, averaging $1,439 from 475 theaters.[138] It grossed $519,028 from 332 theaters in its thirteenth weekend, averaging $1,563.[139]

text: In the United Kingdom, the film opened on 27 October 2017 and earned £231,995 ($306,000) in its opening weekend, from 112 screens,[140] including £4,000 from previews.[141] After ten days, it had made a total of £568,000 ($745,000),[142] before reaching the $1 million mark (£767,000) in its third weekend.[143][144] As of 1 February 2018[update], the film has grossed $1,944,869 in the United Kingdom.[145]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: After its premiere at the Sundance Film Festival, Call Me by Your Name was met with critical acclaim.[146][97] It received a ten-minute standing ovation at its New York Film Festival screening at the Alice Tully Hall, the longest recorded in the festival's history.[31][147] On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 96% based on 263 reviews, with an average rating of 8.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Call Me by Your Name offers a melancholy, powerfully affecting portrait of first love, empathetically acted by Timothée Chalamet and Armie Hammer."[148] It was the best-reviewed limited release and second best-reviewed romance film of 2017 on the site.[149][150] As of 17 February 2018, it is Rotten Tomatoes' best-reviewed romance film,[151] the third best-reviewed drama film,[152] and the sixth best-reviewed film overall, based on its adjusted score.[153] On Metacritic, the film has an average weighted score of 93 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[154] It was the year's fifth-best rated film on Metacritic.[155]

text: Writing in The Hollywood Reporter, Boyd van Hoeij described Call Me by Your Name as an "extremely sensual [...] intimate and piercingly honest" adaptation of Aciman's novel. He further called Chalamet's performance "the true breakout of the film".[156] Peter Debruge of Variety said the film "advances the canon of gay cinema" by portraying "a story of first love [...] that transcends the same-sex dynamic of its central couple." He compared Guadagnino's "sensual" direction to the films of Pedro Almodóvar and François Ozon, while putting the film "on par with the best of their work."[93] David Ehrlich of IndieWire also praised his direction, which helps the film in "match[ing] the artistry and empathy" of Carol (2015) and Moonlight (2016).[157] Sam Adams of BBC stated that Stuhlbarg's performance "puts a frame around the movie's painting and opens up avenues we may not have thought to explore," and called it "one of his finest" to date. He extolled the film as one of "many movies that have so successfully appealed to both the intellectual and the erotic since the heydays of Patrice Chéreau and André Téchiné."[158]

text: Ty Burr of The Boston Globe gave the film three and a half stars, commended the director for "broadens his embrace of humanity while hitting new heights of cinematic bliss," and wrote that the film "may be a fantasy but it's one that's lovely and wise."[159] David Morgan of CBS praised the cinematography, production design and costuming for "making a summer in the 1980s palpably alive again." He also applauded Stuhlbarg's character as "the most forward-thinking parent in movie history."[160] Richard Lawson felt that Guadagnino's adaptation "was made with real love, with good intentions, with a clarity of heart and purposeful, unpretentious intellect" and hailed it as a "modern gay classic" in his Vanity Fair review.[161] Chicago Tribune's Michael Phillips was pleased by the "wonderfully paradoxical" visual interests from the director, and called Stevens' songs "work like magic on your sympathies regarding Elio's emotional awakening." He praised Hammer's performance as one of "the most easy-breathing and relaxed best work of his career."[162]

text: The Economist noted the tension "between pain and pleasure" in the film, and praised Chalamet, specifying that he "evokes so many shades of humanity, portraying a path of youthful self-discovery that is more raw, unhinged, and ultimately honest than many actors could manage."[163] Kate Taylor of Globe and Mail, who gave the film two and a half stars, also enjoyed his effort in capturing "first love and its inevitable heartbreak", but felt that the "multilingual, almost-pre-AIDS idyll does not stretch credulity".[164] Ken Eisner of The Georgia Straight questioned its central message, and said that the film can "alternate wildly between the poetically incisive and the indulgently preposterous."[165] In a negative review, Kyle Turner of Paste wrote "The details of the film are too small for anyone, perhaps particularly a queer person, to see [...] It never gets over that hesitation."[166] Luke Y. Thompson of Forbes criticized its length and called it an "excruciatingly boring travelogue."[167]

text: Response from filmmakers[edit]

text: Call Me by Your Name has also received responses from other filmmakers. Barry Jenkins, the director and screenwriter of Moonlight, praised it as a "supremely delicate and humane work" from Guadagnino that is "earnest, mature and endearing the whole way through."[168] Canadian actor and director Xavier Dolan was moved by the film, which helped him see "people I've fallen in love with in the past. People I judged as unkind, or selfish." He also commended the film for "go[ing] hand in hand with the cruel truth about our romantic failures," as well as the performances by Hammer and Stuhlbarg.[169] Pedro Almodóvar, whose work were compared to Guadagnino,[157] named it the best film of 2017. He applauded the filmmakers for "mak[ing] a bet here for the passion of the senses and the embodiment of desire," while calling Lombardy and Chalamet as "the biggest breakthroughs of this year."[170][171][172]

text: Justin Simien was impressed by its "power of images" and the point of view from Guadagnino and Mukdeeprom, saying "This is cinema at its best. It's a kind of magic act Guadagnino pulls for the entirety of the film."[172] Heidi Ewing praised the film's "lush photography", and said "It's summer in Italy and two sexy men are riding rickety bikes into town and sneaking furtive kisses in the piazza [...] what's a girl not to love?"[172] Max Winkler described the speech between Mr. Perlman and Elio at the end as "one of the most beautiful moments between a father and son I've ever witnessed." He felt that the scene showcase "Stuhlbarg's love and tender openness [and] Chalamet's vulnerability and heartbreak summed up with just a look."[172]

text: After its screening at the Toronto International Film Festival, actor James Woods criticized the age disparity between Elio and Oliver on Twitter, accusing the film of "chip[ping] away the last barriers of decency," and equating it to the North American Man/Boy Love Association, a pedophilia advocacy organization.[6][173] Hammer responded by criticizing Woods' relationship with Kristen Bauguess—who started dating Woods in 2013 when she was 20 years old and he was 66 years old—saying, "Didn't you date a 19 year old when you were 60?"[174] In an interview for The Hollywood Reporter, Hammer explained "We weren't trying to make some salacious, predatory movie. The age of consent in Italy is 14. So, to get technical, it's not illegal there." He further said Woods "had no moral high ground to stand on and was cheapening what we did."[42]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Call Me by Your Name was selected by the National Board of Review and the American Film Institute as one of the top 10 films of the year.[175][176] At the 90th Academy Awards, it was nominated for Best Picture, Best Actor (Chalamet), Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Original Song ("Mystery of Love").[177] Chalamet became the youngest Best Actor nominee since 1939, while Ivory became the oldest man to be nominated for a competitive award in history.[178][179] The film received four nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards for Best Film, Best Director for Guadagnino, Best Leading Actor for Chalamet and Best Adapted Screenplay for Ivory.[180] At the 75th Golden Globe Awards, it was nominated for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama for Chalamet, and Best Supporting Actor for Hammer.[181] It received eight nominations at the 23rd Critics' Choice Awards, with Ivory winning Best Adapted Screenplay.[182]

text: The film led the 33rd Independent Spirit Awards with most nominations, garnering six, among them Best Feature, Best Director, Best Male Lead, Best Supporting Male, Best Cinematography, and Best Editing.[183] At the 23rd Screen Actors Guild Awards, Chalamet received a nomination for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Leading Role.[184] The film garnered four nominations at the 71st British Academy Film Awards, including Best Film and Best Direction, winning Best Adapted Screenplay for Ivory.[185] The National Board of Review, the Gotham Independent Film Awards and the Hollywood Film Awards awarded Chalamet with their Breakout Actor Awards.[186][187]

text: Potential sequel[edit]

text: Guadagnino has deliberated over the idea of a sequel since the film's premiere at Sundance, when he realized the characters "could go beyond the boundaries of the film."[32] In October 2017, he stated that he hoped to make a sequel to the film in 2020, suggesting it might be in the style of François Truffaut's The Adventures of Antoine Doinel series, while telling the story of Oliver and Elio as they aged. "If I paired the age of Elio in the film with the age of Timothée, in three years' time, Timothée will be 25, as would Elio by the time the second story was set," he said.[188][189] In the novel, Elio and Oliver reunited 15 years later, when Oliver is married. Guadagnino specified that in the sequel, "I don't think Elio is necessarily going to become a gay man. He hasn't found his place yet. I can tell you that I believe that he would start an intense relationship with Marzia again." Guadagnino is also interested in the politics of the 1990s, saying "it would be the beginning of the Berlusconi era in Italy and it would mean dealing with the war of Iraq."[190][191]

text: In November 2017, Guadagnino shared his intention to make a series of five films, where the audience could "see those actors grow older, embodying those characters."[32] A month later, he was reported to have begun writing a script for a sequel, one that would reveal more about Oliver and resembles Michael Apted's Up series.[192][193] Hammer and Chalamet have both expressed interest in participating in a sequel,[194] while Ivory has no interest to the material, saying "that's fine, good. But I don't know how they're going to get a 40-year-old [Chalamet]!".[23] In January 2018, Guadagnino revealed the setting will be "right after the fall of Berlin Wall and that great shift that was the end of [...] the USSR,"[77] and what could be the first scene in the film, is where Elio watching Paul Vecchiali's Once More (1988), the first French film to deal with AIDS, in a movie theater.[195]


document_title: List of Nobel laureates in Physics

question_text: who won the first nobel prize in physics

text: List of Nobel laureates in Physics

text: Statistics[edit]

text: The first Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded in 1901 to Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen, of Germany, who received 150,782 SEK, which is equal to 7,731,004 SEK in December 2007. John Bardeen is the only laureate to win the prize twice—in 1956 and 1972. Maria Skłodowska-Curie also won two Nobel Prizes, for physics in 1903 and chemistry in 1911. William Lawrence Bragg was, until October 2014, the youngest ever Nobel laureate; he won the prize in 1915 at the age of 25.[5] Two women have won the prize: Curie and Maria Goeppert-Mayer (1963).[6] As of 2017, the prize has been awarded to 206 individuals. There have been six years in which the Nobel Prize in Physics was not awarded (1916, 1931, 1934, 1940–1942).

text: Laureates[edit]

text:
Year
Laureate[A]
Country[B]
Rationale[C]

1901

Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen
 Germany
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"[7]

1902

Hendrik Lorentz
 Netherlands
"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"[8]

Pieter Zeeman
 Netherlands

1903

Antoine Henri Becquerel
 France
"for his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"[9]

Pierre Curie
 France
"for their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"[9]

Maria Skłodowska-Curie
 Poland
 France

1904

Lord Rayleigh
 United Kingdom
"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"[10]

1905

Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
 Austria-Hungary
 Germany
"for his work on cathode rays"[11]

1906

Joseph John Thomson
 United Kingdom
"for his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"[12]

1907

Albert Abraham Michelson
 United States
 Poland
"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"[13]

1908

Gabriel Lippmann
 France
"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"[14]

1909

Guglielmo Marconi
 Italy
"for their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"[15]

Karl Ferdinand Braun
 Germany

1910

Johannes Diderik van der Waals
 Netherlands
"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids"[16]

1911

Wilhelm Wien
 Germany
"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat"[17]

1912

Nils Gustaf Dalén
 Sweden
"for his invention of automatic valves designed to be used in combination with gas accumulators in lighthouses and buoys"[18]

1913

Heike Kamerlingh-Onnes
 Netherlands
"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"[19]

1914

Max von Laue
 Germany
"For his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals",[20] an important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy.

1915

William Henry Bragg
 United Kingdom
"For their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays",[21] an important step in the development of X-ray crystallography

William Lawrence Bragg
 Australia
 United Kingdom

1916
Not awarded World War I

1917

Charles Glover Barkla
 United Kingdom
"For his discovery of the characteristic Röntgen radiation of the elements",[22] another important step in the development of X-ray spectroscopy

1918

Max Planck
 Germany
"for the services he rendered to the advancement of physics by his discovery of energy quanta"[23]

1919

Johannes Stark
 Germany
"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"[24]

1920

Charles Édouard Guillaume
  Switzerland
"for the service he has rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel-steel alloys"[25]

1921

Albert Einstein
 Germany
  Switzerland
"for his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"[26]

1922

Niels Bohr
 Denmark
"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"[27]

1923

Robert Andrews Millikan
 United States
"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"[28]

1924

Manne Siegbahn
 Sweden
"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy"[29]

1925

James Franck
 Germany
"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"[30]

Gustav Hertz
 Germany

1926

Jean Baptiste Perrin
 France
"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium"[31]

1927

Arthur Holly Compton
 United States
"for his discovery of the effect named after him"[32]

Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
 United Kingdom
"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"[32]

1928

Owen Willans Richardson
 United Kingdom
"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"[33]

1929

Louis Victor Pierre Raymond, 7th Duc de Broglie
 France
"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons"[34]

1930

Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
 India
"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"[35]

1931
Not awarded

1932

Werner Heisenberg
 Germany
"for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"[36]

1933

Erwin Schrödinger
 Austria
"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"[37]

Paul Dirac
 United Kingdom

1934
Not awarded

1935

James Chadwick
 United Kingdom
"for the discovery of the neutron"[38]

1936

Victor Francis Hess
 Austria
"for his discovery of cosmic radiation"[39]

Carl David Anderson
 United States
"for his discovery of the positron"[39]

1937

Clinton Joseph Davisson
 United States
"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"[40]

George Paget Thomson
 United Kingdom

1938

Enrico Fermi
 Italy
"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"[41]

1939

Ernest Lawrence
 United States
"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"[42]

1940
Not awarded World War II

1941
Not awarded World War II

1942
Not awarded World War II

1943

Otto Stern
 United States
"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"[43]

1944

Isidor Isaac Rabi
 United States
 Poland
"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"[44]

1945

Wolfgang Pauli
 Austria
"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli principle"[45]

1946

Percy Williams Bridgman
 United States
"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made there within the field of high pressure physics"[46]

1947

Edward Victor Appleton
 United Kingdom
"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer"[47]

1948

Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
 United Kingdom
"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation"[48]

1949

Hideki Yukawa
 Japan
"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces"[49]

1950

Cecil Frank Powell
 United Kingdom
"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"[50]

1951

John Douglas Cockcroft
 United Kingdom
"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"[51]

Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton
 Ireland

1952

Felix Bloch
  Switzerland
 United States
"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"[52]

Edward Mills Purcell
 United States

1953

Frits Zernike
 Netherlands
"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope"[53]

1954

Max Born
 West Germany
"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"[54]

Walther Bothe
 West Germany
"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"[54]

1955

Willis Eugene Lamb
 United States
"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"[55]

Polykarp Kusch
 United States
 Germany
"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"[55]

1956

John Bardeen
 United States
"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"[56]

Walter Houser Brattain
 United States

William Bradford Shockley
 United States

1957

Tsung-Dao Lee
 Republic of China
 United States
"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"[57]

Chen Ning Yang
 Republic of China
 United States

1958

Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov
 Soviet Union
"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"[58]

Ilya Frank
 Soviet Union

Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm
 Soviet Union

1959

Emilio Gino Segrè
 Italy
"for their discovery of the antiproton"[59]

Owen Chamberlain
 United States

1960

Donald Arthur Glaser
 United States
"for the invention of the bubble chamber"[60]

1961

Robert Hofstadter
 United States
"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"[61]

Rudolf Ludwig Mössbauer
 West Germany
"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"[61]

1962

Lev Davidovich Landau
 Soviet Union
"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"[62]

1963

Eugene Paul Wigner
 Hungary
 United States
"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"[63]

Maria Goeppert-Mayer
 United States
"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"[63]

J. Hans D. Jensen
 West Germany

1964

Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov
 Soviet Union
"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser–laser principle"[64]

Alexander Prokhorov
 Soviet Union

Charles Hard Townes
 United States

1965

Richard Phillips Feynman
 United States
"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics (QED), with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"[65]

Julian Schwinger
 United States

Sin-Itiro Tomonaga
 Japan

1966

Alfred Kastler
 France
"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"[66]

1967

Hans Albrecht Bethe
 United States
"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"[67]

1968

Luis Walter Alvarez
 United States
"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"[68]

1969

Murray Gell-Mann
 United States
"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"[69]

1970

Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén
 Sweden
"for fundamental work and discoveries in magneto-hydrodynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"[70]

Louis Néel
 France
"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics"[70]

1971

Dennis Gabor
 Hungary
 United Kingdom
"for his invention and development of the holographic method"[71]

1972

John Bardeen
 United States
"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"[72]

Leon Neil Cooper
 United States

John Robert Schrieffer
 United States

1973

Leo Esaki
 Japan
"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"[73]

Ivar Giaever
 United States
 Norway

Brian David Josephson
 United Kingdom
"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect"[73]

1974

Martin Ryle
 United Kingdom
"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"[74]

Antony Hewish
 United Kingdom

1975

Aage Bohr
 Denmark
"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"[75]

Ben Roy Mottelson
 Denmark

Leo James Rainwater
 United States

1976

Burton Richter
 United States
"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"[76]

Samuel Chao Chung Ting
 United States

1977

Philip Warren Anderson
 United States
"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"[77]

Nevill Francis Mott
 United Kingdom

John Hasbrouck Van Vleck
 United States

1978

Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
 Soviet Union
"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"[78]

Arno Allan Penzias
 United States
"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"[78]

Robert Woodrow Wilson
 United States

1979

Sheldon Lee Glashow
 United States
"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"[79]

Abdus Salam
 Pakistan

Steven Weinberg
 United States

1980

James Watson Cronin
 United States
"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral K-mesons"[80]

Val Logsdon Fitch
 United States

1981

Nicolaas Bloembergen
 Netherlands
 United States
"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"[81]

Arthur Leonard Schawlow
 United States

Kai Manne Börje Siegbahn
 Sweden
"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy"[81]

1982

Kenneth G. Wilson
 United States
"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"[82]

1983

Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
 India
 United States
"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"[83]

William Alfred Fowler
 United States
"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"[83]

1984

Carlo Rubbia
 Italy
"for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"[84]

Simon van der Meer
 Netherlands

1985

Klaus von Klitzing
 West Germany
"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"[85]

1986

Ernst Ruska
 West Germany
"for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"[86]

Gerd Binnig
 West Germany
"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"[86]

Heinrich Rohrer
  Switzerland

1987

Johannes Georg Bednorz
 West Germany
"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"[87]

Karl Alexander Müller
  Switzerland

1988

Leon Max Lederman
 United States
"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"[88]

Melvin Schwartz
 United States

Jack Steinberger
 United States

1989

Norman Foster Ramsey
 United States
"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"[89]

Hans Georg Dehmelt
 United States
 Germany
"for the development of the ion trap technique"[89]

Wolfgang Paul
 West Germany

1990

Jerome I. Friedman
 United States
"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"[90]

Henry Way Kendall
 United States

Richard E. Taylor
 Canada

1991

Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
 France
"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"[91]

1992

Georges Charpak
 France
 Poland
"for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"[92]

1993

Russell Alan Hulse
 United States
"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"[93]

Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr.
 United States

1994

Bertram Brockhouse
 Canada
"for the development of neutron spectroscopy" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"[94]

Clifford Glenwood Shull
 United States
"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique" and "for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"[94]

1995

Martin Lewis Perl
 United States
"for the discovery of the tau lepton" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"[95]

Frederick Reines
 United States
"for the detection of the neutrino" and "for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"[95]

1996

David Morris Lee
 United States
"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"[96]

Douglas D. Osheroff
 United States

Robert Coleman Richardson
 United States

1997

Steven Chu
 United States
"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light."[97]

Claude Cohen-Tannoudji
 France

William Daniel Phillips
 United States

1998

Robert B. Laughlin
 United States
"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"[98]

Horst Ludwig Störmer
 Germany

Daniel Chee Tsui
 Republic of China
 United States

1999

Gerard 't Hooft
 Netherlands
"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics"[99]

Martinus J. G. Veltman
 Netherlands

2000

Zhores Ivanovich Alferov
 Russia
"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics"[100]

Herbert Kroemer
 Germany

Jack St. Clair Kilby
 United States
"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"[100]

2001

Eric Allin Cornell
 United States
"for the achievement of Bose–Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"[101]

Carl Edwin Wieman
 United States

Wolfgang Ketterle
 Germany

2002

Raymond Davis, Jr.
 United States
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"[102]

Masatoshi Koshiba
 Japan

Riccardo Giacconi
 Italy
 United States
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"[102]

2003

Alexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov
 Russia
 United States
"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"[103]

Vitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg
 Russia

Anthony James Leggett
 United Kingdom
 United States

2004

David J. Gross
 United States
"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"[104]

Hugh David Politzer
 United States

Frank Wilczek
 United States

2005

Roy J. Glauber
 United States
"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"[105]

John L. Hall
 United States
"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"[105]

Theodor W. Hänsch
 Germany

2006

John C. Mather
 United States
"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"[106]

George F. Smoot
 United States

2007

Albert Fert
 France
"for the discovery of giant magnetoresistance"[107]

Peter Grünberg
 Germany

2008

Makoto Kobayashi
 Japan
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"[108]

Toshihide Maskawa
 Japan

Yoichiro Nambu
 Japan
 United States
"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"[108]

2009

Charles K. Kao
 Hong Kong
 United Kingdom
 United States
"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"[109]

Willard S. Boyle
 Canada
 United States
"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit – the CCD sensor"[109]

George E. Smith
 United States

2010

Andre Geim
 Russia
 United Kingdom
 Netherlands
"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"[110]

Konstantin Novoselov
 Russia
 United Kingdom

2011

Saul Perlmutter
 United States
"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"[111]

Brian P. Schmidt
 Australia
 United States

Adam G. Riess
 United States

2012

Serge Haroche
 France
"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems."[112]

David J. Wineland
 United States

2013

François Englert
 Belgium
"for the theoretical discovery of a mechanism that contributes to our understanding of the origin of mass of subatomic particles, and which recently was confirmed through the discovery of the predicted fundamental particle, by the ATLAS and CMS experiments at CERN's Large Hadron Collider"[113]

Peter Higgs
 United Kingdom

2014

Isamu Akasaki
 Japan
"for the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources"[114]

Hiroshi Amano
 Japan

Shuji Nakamura
 Japan
 United States

2015

Takaaki Kajita
 Japan
"for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, which shows that neutrinos have mass"[115]

Arthur B. McDonald
 Canada

2016

David J. Thouless
 United Kingdom
 United States
"for theoretical discoveries of topological phase transitions and topological phases of matter"[116]

F. Duncan M. Haldane
 United Kingdom
 United States

John M. Kosterlitz
 United Kingdom
 United States

2017

Rainer Weiss
 Germany
 United States
"for decisive contributions to the LIGO detector and the observation of gravitational waves"[117]

Kip Thorne
 United States

Barry Barish
 United States


document_title: The Jacksons: An American Dream

question_text: who played joe jackson in the jackson 5 movie

text: The Jacksons: An American Dream

text: Plot[edit]

text: The miniseries stars Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs as the Jacksons' patriarch Joseph Jackson, Angela Bassett as the family matriarch Katherine Jackson, Alex Burrall, Jason Weaver and Wylie Draper played Michael Jackson in different eras, while Bumper Robinson and Terrence Howard played Jackie Jackson in different eras, Shakiem Jamar Evans and Angel Vargas played Tito Jackson, Margaret Avery as Katherine's mother Martha Scruse, Holly Robinson Peete as Diana Ross, Billy Dee Williams as Berry Gordy and Vanessa L. Williams as Suzanne de Passe. The opening titles of the film shows footage of the real Jacksons rehearsing, performing on stage, a few clips from the "Can You Feel It" music video, album covers, magazine covers and pictures of the family. The film is mostly based on the autobiography written by Katherine Jackson, who issued the 1990 autobiography, My Family. Part one of the film was based on how Joseph and Katherine managed to raise their children, first in Gary, Indiana, then later dealing with The Jackson 5's early fame and its consequences. Part two of the film is based on the struggles of young Michael Jackson as he deals with his brothers marrying early into The Jackson 5 success, his problems with acne as a teenager, his eventual solo superstardom based on the success of his albums Off the Wall and Thriller and his legendary Motown 25 performance of "Billie Jean" as well as his difficult relationship with his father.

text: Michael Jackson’s voice is heard on: "Beat It," "Human Nature," "Billie Jean," "I Want You Back," "I Wanna Be Where You Are," "I'll Be There," "Rockin' Robin," "ABC," and "Dancing Machine." On all other songs, the Michael Jackson vocal part is performed by Anthony Harrell, Jason Weaver or Kipp Lennon.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Lawrence Hilton-Jacobs - Joseph Jackson
Angela Bassett - Katherine Jackson
Holly Robinson Peete - Diana Ross
Margaret Avery - Martha Scruse
Billy Dee Williams - Berry Gordy
Vanessa Williams - Suzanne de Passe
Wylie Draper - Michael Jackson

Abolade David Olatunde - Michael Jackson (baby)
Alex Burrall - Michael Jackson (ages 6–8)
Jason Weaver - Michael Jackson (ages 9–14)

Colin Steele - Jermaine Jackson

Jermaine Jackson II - Jermaine Jackson (ages 10–17)

Terrence Howard - Jackie Jackson

Bumper Robinson - Jackie Jackson (ages 12–16)

Monica Calhoun - Rebbie Jackson
Ebonie Smith - La Toya Jackson

Kelli Martin - La Toya Jackson (ages 8–10)

Angel Vargas - Tito Jackson

Shakiem Jamar Evans - Tito Jackson (ages 11–15)

Maya Nicole Johnson - Janet Jackson
Monica Allison - Hazel Gordy
Robert Redcross - Randy Jackson

Nicolas Phillips - Randy Jackson (age 7-9)

Marcus Maurice - Marlon Jackson

Floyd Myers, Jr. - Marlon Jackson (age 7-9)
Jacen Wilkerson - Marlon Jackson (ages 10–15)

text: Historical inaccuracies[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2015)

text:
The group is shown making a record of Wilbert Harrison's "Kansas City". "Kansas City" was never covered by the Jackson 5, although the band did multiple covers of early hits.
In the Motown audition scene, Berry Gordy was not actually in attendance. Instead, the audition was videotaped and shown to Gordy at a later time.[2]
The Jacksons are shown getting an audition for Motown due to winning a talent show at the Apollo Theatre, and Joseph is touting it as their first signing. In actuality, the group's first recording contract was offered by Steeltown Records, a smaller agency based in their native Gary, Indiana, in 1967. The group had done one audition for Motown and was rejected. Following their moderate success with a couple of single tracks in Steeltown, the Jackson 5 felt confident enough to audition a second time for Motown, after which they were signed. In the film, prior to the Motown debut, Michael is seen in a recording studio, which may have been reference to their early career with Steeltown Records.
In the scene where Michael is seen shooting for the Pepsi commercial which caused his scalp to catch fire, it shows his body rolling down the stairs. In fact he actually walked down the stairs with his hair on fire and later realized and did a one rotation spin (not the usual spin move he did) and shaking his head wildly from the pain.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Jacksons: An American Dream became one of the most popular and successful music-biography miniseries of the 1990s. Part 1 of the miniseries was the third highest-rated program broadcast during the week of November 9–15 with a 21.1 rating.[3] Part 2 of the miniseries was watched by 38.4 million viewers[4] in 22.3 million households[5] becoming the highest-rated program broadcast during the week of November 16–22[5] posting a 23.9 rating, and 36 share.[4] Overall, the miniseries was watched in 38.3 million households and posted a 22.3 rating and 33 share.[6]

text: The series won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Choreography, and was also nominated for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Special, Outstanding Miniseries, and Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Drama Miniseries or a Special.

text: Bumper Robinson won a Young Artist Award for Best Young Actor in a Television Movie, and Alex Burrall and Jason Weaver both won a special award for Outstanding Young Performers Starring in a Mini-Series. The miniseries was later rebroadcast on VH1 and released to VHS and DVD. The DVD version of the miniseries was released as a two-disc set. The first disc was named "The Early Years" and the second disc was named "The Success Years". In 2004, VH1 would produce Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story, which picked up Michael's life from the end of The Jacksons to the present, which at the time included him standing trial on charges of child molestation.

text: The miniseries aired frequently after the death of Michael Jackson. It has been shown on TV One, BET, Centric and VH1. It is followed by Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Jacksons: An American Dream

Soundtrack album by The Jackson 5

Released
September 29, 1992

Recorded
1992

Genre
Soul, Funk

Length
37:51

Label
Motown

The Jackson 5 chronology

2300 Jackson Street
(1989)2300 Jackson Street1989
"The Jacksons: An American Dream"
(1992)
Soulsation!
(1995)Soulsation!1995

Singles from The Jacksons: An American Dream

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All songs performed by the Jackson 5 except where noted

text:
"Who's Lovin' You" [Live] - 5:39

Recorded live in Gary, Indiana, May 29, 1971

"Kansas City" (Jason Weaver) - 2:19
"I'll Be There" (Originally on Third Album)- 3:56
"In the Still of the Night" (Boyz II Men) - 2:51
"Walk on/The Love You Save" [Live] - 6:05

Recorded live in Gary, Indiana, May 29, 1971

"I Wanna Be Where You Are" (Jason Weaver) - 4:21
"Dancing Machine" (Originally on G.I.T.: Get It Together) - 3:17
"The Dream Goes On" (Jermaine Jackson) - 3:50
"I Want You Back/ABC" [Live] - 3:23

Recorded live at the Forum, Los Angeles. August 26, 1972 (Later issued in its entirety on Live at the Forum in 2010)

"Stay With Love" (Jermaine Jackson and Syreeta) - 4:19
"Never Can Say Goodbye" (Originally on Maybe Tomorrow)- 2:59
"You Are the Ones (Interlude)" (3T) - 1:51
"Dancing Machine [Remix]" - 3:43

tag: ol

text: Other songs done in the film but not put on the track:

text:
"Climb Every Mountain"
"Money (That's What I Want)"
"Baby I Need Your Loving"
"Where Did Our Love Go"
"Beans, Beans, the Musical Fruit"
"Beat It"