document_title: List of Red Dwarf episodes

question_text: how many episodes in red dwarf season 1

question_tokens: how many episodes in red dwarf season 1

text: List of Red Dwarf episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeriesTitleEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired1I615 February 1988 (1988-02-15)21 March 1988 (1988-03-21)2II66 September 1988 (1988-09-06)11 October 1988 (1988-10-11)3III614 November 1989 (1989-11-14)19 December 1989 (1989-12-19)4IV614 February 1991 (1991-02-14)21 March 1991 (1991-03-21)5V620 February 1992 (1992-02-20)26 March 1992 (1992-03-26)6VI67 October 1993 (1993-10-07)11 November 1993 (1993-11-11)7VII817 January 1997 (1997-01-17)7 March 1997 (1997-03-07)8VIII818 February 1999 (1999-02-18)5 April 1999 (1999-04-05)9Back to Earth310 April 2009 (2009-04-10)12 April 2009 (2009-04-12)10X64 October 2012 (2012-10-04)8 November 2012 (2012-11-08)11XI622 September 2016 (2016-09-22)27 October 2016 (2016-10-27)12XII612 October 2017 (2017-10-12)16 November 2017

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Red Dwarf I (1988)[edit]

text: The pilot script was written in 1983; the writing duo team of Grant and Naylor handed the finished script to their agent Paul Jackson who had trouble convincing the BBC to take on the series.[11][12] Three years after the initial rejections, the script was accepted by BBC North West.[13] The series almost did not happen due to an electricians' strike at the BBC in 1987 which prevented filming and the project was shelved.[14] Filming eventually went ahead after the industrial action was resolved.[15] A remastered version of this series was produced and broadcast in some countries.

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code11"The End"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor15 February 1988 (1988-02-15)1
Aboard the Jupiter Mining Corporation (JMC) vessel Red Dwarf, the lowest-ranking crew member and utter slob Dave Lister (Craig Charles), technician third-class is sentenced to be frozen for 18-months in suspended animation as punishment for breaking quarantine regulations by smuggling his pregnant cat Frankenstein on board, a pet he had obtained while on leave on Titan. When given the option of either having the cat dissected or be frozen in stasis, he chooses to save his cat. But Lister awakes from stasis only to find the rest of the crew have since been wiped out in a radiation disaster, and he has actually been frozen for three million years. However, to both his relief and horror, he is not alone. The ship's computer Holly (Norman Lovett) has revived Arnold Rimmer (Chris Barrie), his austere and petty bunkmate, in the form of a hologram, who was responsible for the accident that wiped out the crew. Also Lister's pregnant cat, Frankenstein, was sealed in the hull during the radiation leak, and her kittens bred there for 3-million years and evolved into a race of humanoid life-forms, Felis sapiens, bred from the domestic housecat and about half as smart. They meet one of these life forms on the ship, and Lister decides to call it Cat (Danny John-Jules).
22"Future Echoes"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor22 February 1988 (1988-02-22)4
Red Dwarf has been steadily accelerating for three million years and when it breaches light speed the new crew begin to experience visions from their own futures. Lister is shocked that his future self appears to have blown up while making a repair to the ship. However it was not him he saw, it was his son Bexley as revealed by a future echo Lister aged 171. The future Lister tells present Lister to run to the medibay to take a picture of Jim and Bexley as babies.
33"Balance of Power"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor29 February 1988 (1988-02-29)2
Lister wants to go on a date with the hologram of his former love interest, navigation officer Kristine Kochanski (C. P. Grogan), but it would mean replacing Rimmer as the ship's hologram, which of course Rimmer will not let happen. Lister decides to take a cooking exam so he can become a chef; if he passes he will hold sufficient rank to order this. Rimmer attempts to discourage Lister from taking the exam, but fails in this task.
44"Waiting for God"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor7 March 1988 (1988-03-07)3
Red Dwarf stumbles upon one of its own garbage pods, and Rimmer is convinced that it's a stasis capsule carrying a dormant alien woman. Meanwhile, Lister learns about Cat's people (the Felis sapiens) and discovers he is their mythical god, "Cloister the Stupid", and will bring them to the mythical island of Fuchal.
55"Confidence and Paranoia"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor14 March 1988 (1988-03-14)5
Lister contracts a mutated pneumonia virus. The hallucinations of his fevered brain materialise in solid form, and suddenly the ship is beset by herring rain and an exploding 16th century Mayor of Warsaw. When his fever breaks, Lister wakes up to find he has created personifications of his confidence (Craig Ferguson) and paranoia (Lee Cornes).
66"Me2"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor21 March 1988 (1988-03-21)6
Rimmer creates his perfect companion, an identical holographic duplicate of himself. He moves out of his quarters he shares with Lister and starts rooming with his doppelgänger. At first he enjoys it, but they eventually began to despise each other. Soon the two Rimmers find themselves locked in a conflict so fierce, only one of them can stay.

text: Red Dwarf II (1988)[edit]

text: Realising that they were limited with stories based on the huge, but empty, mining ship of Red Dwarf, writers Grant and Naylor decided to go in a different direction for Series II. A small shuttle ship, Blue Midget, was designed to ferry the crew to and from different locations.[16]  The mechanoid, Kryten, appeared in the first episode as a one off. The writers had resisted using robot characters as they had considered the practice a sci-fi cliché.[16] A remastered version of this series was produced and broadcast in some countries.

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code71"Kryten"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor6 September 1988 (1988-09-06)4
Red Dwarf intercepts an SOS distress call from the American Space cruiser Nova 5, which has crashed on an asteroid. Much to their disappointment, the crew (who are expecting to find female crew members) find the only survivor is Kryten (David Ross), a service mechanoid with an over-active guilt chip. Lister wants to teach Kryten to be rebellious, whilst Rimmer wants to abuse Kryten's servility.
82"Better Than Life"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor13 September 1988 (1988-09-13)1
A post pod carrying a three-million-year-old bag of mail arrives, and Rimmer becomes depressed when he reads a letter saying his dad is dead. Meanwhile the Dwarfers play a total-immersion computer game called "Better Than Life" which makes the player's wishes come true. Rimmer's neurotic brain fittingly begins to rebel against the fantasy and turn it into a nightmare.
93"Thanks for the Memory"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor20 September 1988 (1988-09-20)2
The crew wake up after celebrating the anniversary of Rimmer's death, only to find four whole days have passed that they have no memories of. But when they find the ship's black box on a moon, they slowly learn what happened.
104"Stasis Leak"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor27 September 1988 (1988-09-27)3
A time portal called a "Stasis Leak" is found on Floor 16 and it takes the crew back in time on Red Dwarf three million years earlier, to a point three weeks before the disaster which killed the rest of the crew. Rimmer tries to change the past by putting himself into suspended animation, so he does not die in the radioactive disaster. Lister has similar plans for Kochanski.
115"Queeg"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor4 October 1988 (1988-10-04)6
When the ship's "senile" computer, Holly, allows a meteorite to damage the ship and Rimmer's hologram to malfunction, the crew lose faith in him. Holly's back-up computer, Queeg 500 (Charles Augins), takes command of Red Dwarf. When Queeg 500 runs the ship like a military garrison, the Dwarfers have a change of heart and want Holly back. Despite their misgivings, Holly challenges Queeg to a game of chess, where the loser gets erased from the system.
126"Parallel Universe"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor11 October 1988 (1988-10-11)5
The Dwarfers test Holly's new invention, the "Holly Hop Drive", which will supposedly warp them back to Earth in seconds. Instead Red Dwarf enters an alternate parallel dimension in which the Dwarfers encounter female versions of themselves – Cat, however, encounters an opposite version of himself instead, the scruffy Dog. Lister gets drunk and sleeps with his female self. Later he finds himself pregnant with twins, as in the parallel dimension, it is the men who fall pregnant.

text: Red Dwarf III (1989)[edit]

text: With Grant and Naylor directly involved with the series' production, under Grant Naylor Productions, they radically changed the look of the show.[17] The opening credits sequence was changed. A new upbeat version of the theme tune played over clips from the series.[18] A new official Red Dwarf logo also appeared at the end of the credit sequence.[17] Starbug was introduced as the new spaceship in place of Blue Midget.[19] The look of the show had been overhauled with the incoming Mel Bibby who had re-designed the old grey sets.[20] Costumes were overhauled as well as costume designer Howard Burden brought in a new stylish look to the crew.[21] A remastered version of this series was produced and broadcast in some countries.

text: There were a number of loose ends from the first two series, and changes in the third series, that were explained off by a text intro to the first show of Series III. This was done in the form of scrolling text across outer space, in a parody of the introductions to the Star Wars movies. The loose ends included the return of Kryten, Lister being pregnant, delivering twins Jim and Bexley, who grow up in a matter of days, then wind up in the parallel universe with the female version of Lister.

text: The regular cast changed for Series III: Robert Llewellyn came in as Kryten, and Hattie Hayridge replaced the departing Lovett.[22] Craig Charles, Chris Barrie and Danny John-Jules remained as Lister, Rimmer and Cat respectively.[23]

text: The character of Kryten was originally intended as a one-off appearance in the series-two episode "Kryten", but had returned mainly to broaden the story potential. The show was becoming difficult to write for. At the insistence of Naylor, Kryten returned to complete the team.[24] They had approached David Ross with the intention of bringing him back to play the regular role of Kryten. Ross, however, was in a stage play Flea In Her Ear and was not available, so they went to see Robert Llewellyn. Llewellyn was also in a stage show called Mammon: Robot Born of Woman, playing a robot. They saw his performance and were impressed.[24]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code131"Backwards"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor14 November 1989 (1989-11-14)3
With Kryten now a regular member of the crew, Rimmer takes him on a flying lesson in the transport vehicle Starbug. They find themselves whisked away through a time hole, arriving back on Earth, 1993. However, on this world, time runs backwards.
142"Marooned"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor21 November 1989 (1989-11-21)1
The crew abandon ship as Holly sees five black holes in the direct flight path of Red Dwarf. Rimmer and Lister then find themselves marooned on an ice planet after Starbug is struck by a meteoroid. Lister is freezing and starving but the only firewood is his beloved guitar and Rimmer's prized possessions, and the only food left is dog food and a pot noodle, Lister's most hated food.
153"Polymorph"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor28 November 1989 (1989-11-28)5
The crew become radically different people after they encounter a polymorph, a genetically engineered shape-changing mutant that feeds on negative emotions - in the crew's case vanity, guilt, anger and fear. They decide that there are only two options against the polymorph, one: take it on, or two: run away. Two has always been the Cat's favourite number anyway.
164"Bodyswap"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor5 December 1989 (1989-12-05)4
Rimmer suggests that the perfect way to help Lister get "healthy" is swapping bodies, by implanting his mind into Lister's and vice versa, so that Rimmer can undergo a hefty exercise regime in Lister's body. However, Rimmer is overtaken with excitement at the prospect of having a physical body again and refuses to give it back to Lister.
175"Timeslides"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor12 December 1989 (1989-12-12)2
The developing fluid that Kryten uses to process old photographs mutates and the photographs come alive. The crew find they can go into the photograph, and Lister finds that the photographs allows them to go back in time. Using this he plans on changing history so that he does not end up marooned in deep space. Director Ed Bye's wife Ruby Wax made a Cameo appearance as the presenter of "Lifestyles of the Disgustingly Rich and Famous."
186"The Last Day"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor19 December 1989 (1989-12-19)6
Lister receives a pre-recorded message from Jim Reaper (as in "the Grim Reaper"), head of Diva-Droid international, the company that created Kryten. Kryten is ordered to be dismantled within 24 hours and is to be replaced by Hudzen-10 (Gordon Kennedy), a super-strong android, who has been tracking Kryten for thousands of years and is now on an intercept course with Red Dwarf. The crew decide to throw Kryten a leaving party, and give him one last night to remember.

text: Red Dwarf IV (1991)[edit]

text: Due to the old studio in Manchester undergoing refurbishment, the recording of Series IV moved to Shepperton Studios.[25] Series IV was not broadcast as originally intended. The BBC had decided to start off with the romantic story of "Camille" for Valentine's Day.[26] The Gulf War outbreak also affected the series running order as both the anti-war "Meltdown" and heroic Ace Rimmer's "Dimension Jump" episodes were postponed.[27]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code191"Camille"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor14 February 1991 (1991-02-14)4
Lister helps Kryten to break his programming so that he can lie and insult. Later, when Kryten rescues a mechanoid named Camille, the sole survivor from a crashed spaceship, she appears to be his perfect mechanoid partner. However, Rimmer and Lister also see their fantasy women when they see Camille. Secrets, lies and broken hearts ensue, along with an ending similar to Lister's favourite film, Casablanca.
202"DNA"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor21 February 1991 (1991-02-21)6
A mysterious derelict spacecraft containing extremely advanced technology, perhaps alien, docks with Red Dwarf. On board they discover a DNA modifier, a genetic altering machine that can metamorphose organic life. But havoc ensues as Lister gets turned into a chicken and then a hamster, Kryten becomes human, and a curry monster is created from Lister's vindaloo.
213"Justice"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor28 February 1991 (1991-02-28)1
The crew pick up an escape pod bearing a woman's name. There is also the possibility it may in fact be a deranged bio-mechanical killer on his way to "Justice World", a deep space penal station. They decide to go to "Justice World" to discover the contents of the pod. Things become worse when a justice scan reveals that Rimmer is guilty of the radioactive disaster that wiped out the entire crew of Red Dwarf, equal to 1,167 separate counts of second-degree murder, and he is promptly convicted and sentenced.
224"White Hole"Ed Bye & Paul JacksonRob Grant & Doug Naylor7 March 1991 (1991-03-07)5
Holly has her intelligence briefly restored to an IQ of 12,368, but a side effect of this is that her run-time is reduced to minutes. Holly promptly switches herself off,  leaving Red Dwarf with no lighting or manoeuvring capability. It's back to basics for the crew and they must resort to their own resourcefulness to survive.
235"Dimension Jump"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor14 March 1991 (1991-03-14)2
The crew meet a parallel dimension version of Rimmer. Arnold "Ace" Rimmer is a dashing daredevil test pilot for the space corps, and he has been assigned to test-pilot a ship that can travel through dimensions, so he can meet different versions of himself. He enters our dimension to meet our Rimmer, the weaselly cowardly version, who has gone on a fishing holiday with the rest of the crew.
246"Meltdown"Ed ByeRob Grant & Doug Naylor21 March 1991 (1991-03-21)3
Kryten uses a prototype "matter paddle" to teleport the crew to a nearby planet with an S3 (or Earth-like) atmosphere. They discover the planet has been visited by humans years previously, who populated the planet with "wax droids" – animated wax works of famous characters from Earth's history including Albert Einstein, Marilyn Monroe, Gandhi, Winnie the Pooh, Mother Teresa and Elvis Presley, who have now gone berserk, and are at war.

text: Red Dwarf V (1992)[edit]

text: The series returned without regular director Ed Bye, who had agreed to direct his wife Ruby Wax's television show The Full Wax.[28] New director Juliet May found it hard to work with the science fiction elements of the series[29] and left before the series had completed. The remaining episodes were directed by Grant and Naylor.[30]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code251"Holoship"Juliet MayRob Grant & Doug Naylor20 February 1992 (1992-02-20)3
Rimmer is abducted by holograms of superior intelligence, and taken to a space vessel which is itself holographic. There Rimmer has a physical presence and twice-daily sex is a health requirement but emotional attachment is bad manners. Rimmer applies to join the crew, feeling  that this is his chance of becoming an officer and getting a life. To do this he must pass an exam against a fellow hologram, which is complicated when he discovers his opponent is Nirvanah Crane (Jane Horrocks), a female hologram who's fallen for him.
262"The Inquisitor"Juliet May & Grant NaylorRob Grant & Doug Naylor27 February 1992 (1992-02-27)2
The Inquisitor is a time-travelling android who acts as judge, jury and executioner to those who have led worthless lives, and thus erases them from history.  The Red Dwarf crew are next to appear before this judge to justify their existence. It does not look good for our crew of slobs, failures and misfits.
273"Terrorform"Juliet MayRob Grant & Doug Naylor5 March 1992 (1992-03-05)4
Kryten and Rimmer crash land on a "psi-moon", an artificial planetoid which terraforms itself to match the inner psyche and subconscious of anyone who lands on it.  Kryten is trapped under wreckage from the crash, and Rimmer finds himself alone and taken prisoner by manifestations of his own inner demons. Lister, Cat and Holly arrive to rescue them, They find themselves trapped in an environment shaped by Rimmer's bizarre, self-loathing mind.
284"Quarantine"Grant NaylorRob Grant & Doug Naylor12 March 1992 (1992-03-12)5
After investigating an abandoned biological research complex on an ice planet, Lister, Cat and Kryten return to Red Dwarf only to find Rimmer has taken over the ship. While Rimmer orders them into quarantine for three months, he himself is slowly taken over by an electronic holo-virus that corrupts his holographic form, giving him telekinesis, hex vision, and many other powers, and turning him completely insane.
295"Demons and Angels"Juliet May & Grant NaylorRob Grant & Doug Naylor19 March 1992 (1992-03-19)1
An experiment with a machine – a Triplicator – that can make duplicates of an object goes wrong, causing Red Dwarf to explode. The crew escape aboard Starbug but find that the Triplicator has made two copies of Red Dwarf in place of the original. One of these copies has extracted the "good" qualities of the former vessel, and the other has extracted the "bad" qualities. The crew board one, first meeting angelic versions of themselves, then to the other, meeting their demonic versions.
306"Back to Reality"Juliet May & Grant NaylorRob Grant & Doug Naylor26 March 1992 (1992-03-26)6
The crew take Starbug down into the watery depths of an ocean planet to investigate the wreck of the SSS Esperanto. They find that the ship's crew have committed suicide, then escape to try and avoid attack from a sea monster, the "Despair Squid". The crew suddenly wake up to find they are not who they think they are; Red Dwarf and Starbug did not exist, and they have in fact been playing a virtual reality computer game for four years.

text: Red Dwarf VI (1993)[edit]

text: The writing of Series VI was rushed due to the fact that the BBC wanted the episodes completed as soon as possible. Grant and Naylor had originally hoped to both write and direct Series VI, but the rapid production schedule meant this was unfeasible, and Andy de Emmony was brought in to direct the series. The writers decided to make changes for the new series – Red Dwarf itself was written out, thus removing Hattie Hayridge's Holly – and the series was set entirely aboard Starbug. During the series Rimmer would also obtain "hardlight", which would effectively give him a physical presence. For the first time in the series history a story arc was introduced and followed throughout the episodes leading up to the series cliffhanger.[31]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code311"Psirens"Andy de EmmonyRob Grant & Doug Naylor7 October 1993 (1993-10-07)1
Two hundred years after investigating the SSS Esperanto, the crew awake from suspended animation aboard Starbug with amnesia, and find that their mothership Red Dwarf is missing. Chasing a faint vapour trail which may lead to their mothership, the crew travel through an asteroid field containing lost and crashed spaceships. The asteroid field is inhabited by "psirens", genetically engineered creatures that telepathically lure the ship's crew onto the asteroids so that they can suck out their brains.
322"Legion"Andy de EmmonyRob Grant & Doug Naylor14 October 1993 (1993-10-14)2
Chasing the vapour trail of Red Dwarf into a gas nebula, Starbug is taken over by a tractor beam which takes it to a space station. There the crew discover Legion, a highly intelligent, sophisticated and cultured lifeform conceived out of an experiment by a group of famous scientists. It is Legion who modifies Rimmer's holo-projection unit, enabling him to become a "hardlight" hologram (his jacket goes from red in "softlight" to blue in hardlight), as a result he is able to touch, feel, eat, and experience pain – but still being made of light, cannot be physically harmed. They learn that Legion is composed from the minds of each member of the crew, combined and magnified, and as such they are sustaining his very existence with their presence. Legion will not allow them to leave and continue the search for Red Dwarf.
333"Gunmen of the Apocalypse"Andy de EmmonyRob Grant & Doug Naylor21 October 1993 (1993-10-21)4
Starbug narrowly wins a battle with "rogue simulants". However the "simulants" have infected Starbug with a computer virus and the ship is locked on a collision course with a volcanic planet. Kryten attempts to fight the virus, with the battle taking the form of an old wild west movie in his digital mind. The virus overtakes him, so Lister, Cat and Rimmer enter Kryten's wild-west dream using an artificial reality video game in attempt to help Kryten come up with an antidote.
344"Emohawk: Polymorph II"Andy de EmmonyRob Grant & Doug Naylor28 October 1993 (1993-10-28)5
Starbug is attacked by an advanced Space Corps enforcement probe, for looting from derelict ships. The crew manage to escape by entering GELF space but Starbug crashes on a moon. Lister must marry the GELF chieftain's daughter in exchange for an oxygen breathing unit. The crew escape with the engine part during Lister's honeymoon, but the GELF chieftain sends his pet, a polymorph, after them to retrieve his new son-in-law.
355"Rimmerworld"Andy de EmmonyRob Grant & Doug Naylor4 November 1993 (1993-11-04)3
The crew return to the wreck of the simulants' battleship to salvage for food supplies but are confronted by a surviving simulant who threatens to kill herself and the crew. Rimmer, who has been diagnosed with a tense nervous disorder, escapes in a pod which has no steering, and is whisked away through a worm-hole and crashes on a planet. The crew follow Rimmer through the worm-hole, but due to its effects arrive at the planet 600 years after Rimmer arrived, only to find the planet is populated with thousands of Rimmer clones.
366"Out of Time"Andy de EmmonyRob Grant & Doug Naylor11 November 1993 (1993-11-11)6
Starbug enters an artificial fog containing devices that create false realities. Persevering through it, the crew find what it is hiding – a time machine. Shortly after, they meet their future selves, from fifteen years later. The crew learn that their future selves are incredibly corrupt and amoral through abuse of the time drive, to experience the "very best" of history. In the end, the two Starbug craft engage in a space battle to end all space battles.

text: Red Dwarf VII (1997)[edit]

text: After Series VI, co-creator and writer Rob Grant had decided to leave the series to pursue other non-Red Dwarf projects.[32] Naylor continued with the series to build towards the often discussed movie. To help with the expanding episode number, Naylor brought in the help of other writers like Paul Alexander. Chris Barrie, disappointed with the hectic workload of series VI, had decided to only take part in four of the episodes. Kochanski (now played by Chloë Annett) was brought back as a regular character.[33]

text: Changes to the show itself were evident with the mix of science fiction and sit-com episodes throughout. This was an attempt by Naylor to move away from the "monster of the week" format that he felt Series VI suffered from.[33] Ed Bye also returned to direct the series after leaving due to scheduling clashes during Series V. The studio audience was now removed from the series and, much like feature-length films, the episodes were mostly shot using one camera.[34] Episodes were still videotaped, but were digitally processed to look like film, and although there was no live audience, a laughter track was later recorded at a screening of the episodes before an audience.[35]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air date371"Tikka to Ride"Ed ByeDoug Naylor17 January 1997 (1997-01-17)
The crew find themselves resurrected due to the time paradox resulting from the battle with their future selves. The time paradox also results in a greatly upgraded and much larger Starbug. However, the curry supplies have gone missing, and so Lister devises a sneaky plan which involves swapping Kryten's head, once again utilising the time machine, and which ultimately results in the crew getting mixed up in the assassination of President Kennedy in Dallas, in 1963.
382"Stoke Me a Clipper"Ed ByePaul Alexander & Doug Naylor24 January 1997 (1997-01-24)
Daredevil pilot Ace Rimmer, fatally wounded after rescuing Princess Bonjella, travels from his own dimension into the dimension where Starbug is cruising. His intention is to try and bring out courage in the cowardly version of himself aboard Starbug, and then recruit Arnold Rimmer as his replacement, so that after his death another Rimmer will carry on the legacy of the interstellar space hero.
393"Ouroboros"Ed ByeDoug Naylor31 January 1997 (1997-01-31)
Lister, Cat and Kryten stumble upon a tear in the fabric of space that leads to another dimension. There they meet a parallel version of Lister's old girlfriend, Kristine Kochanski, who becomes stranded on Starbug. Meanwhile Lister discovers the truth about himself and who his parents were.
404"Duct Soup"Ed ByeDoug Naylor7 February 1997 (1997-02-07)
Kryten gets fussy and jealous thinking that Lister likes Kochanski better than him. When the primary power goes off and they get stuck in a room, they have no choice but to climb into the small ventilation ducts which wind round Starbug in order to escape. Whilst inside the ducts they discover a lot about each other, including the fact Lister is claustrophobic.
415"Blue"Ed ByeKim Fuller & Doug Naylor14 February 1997 (1997-02-14)
Starbug is travelling through a rather uninteresting region of space and the crew are bored and begin to nitpick at petty areas of their lives. Meanwhile Lister finds, much to his own surprise and disgust, that he is missing Rimmer, and even having romantic dreams about him returning. Kryten's solution is to take him on a ride called "The Rimmer Experience," which recounts outrageously fictionalised events from Rimmer's diaries.
426"Beyond a Joke"Ed ByeRobert Llewellyn & Doug Naylor21 February 1997 (1997-02-21)
Searching for a new head for Kryten, which exploded due to build-up of negative thought after an incident involving ketchup added to lobster, the crew encounter a rogue simulant on a deserted ship. The simulant kidnaps Kryten and commissions one of his own droids, Able, to fix him up. But Kryten and Able discover they're brothers, the same model, and Able helps Kryten escape. Kryten then discovers from Able a disturbing secret about their creator.
437"Epideme"Ed ByePaul Alexander & Doug Naylor28 February 1997 (1997-02-28)
The crew come across a frozen supply ship, the Leviathan, with one survivor: Caroline Carmen, one of Lister's former crushes. She revives in the middle of the night, as a zombie; she has been dead for a long time, and infects Lister with the dreaded Epideme virus. Lister tries talking with the virus directly through a communication link (Epideme is a sentient, self-aware organism) but Epideme refuses to let Lister live. Drastic action must be taken if Lister is to survive.
448"Nanarchy"Ed ByePaul Alexander, James Hendrie & Doug Naylor7 March 1997 (1997-03-07)
Lister tries to cope with the loss of his arm. Meanwhile Kryten searches for his nanobots – incredibly advanced microscopic robots, which can alter forms of matter at the sub-atomic level – so that he can rebuild Lister's arm. Kryten finds the nanobots in Lister's laundry basket, and also discovers that it was the nanobots who stole the mothership Red Dwarf in the first instance. Kryten gets the nanobots to rebuild both Red Dwarf and Lister's arm. Red Dwarf makes an appearance, but with one problem – its size.

text: Red Dwarf VIII (1999)[edit]

text: Having changed the look and format for Series VII, Naylor returned to the show's roots for Series VIII. Writing the series himself, Naylor resurrected the original Red Dwarf crew, along with Holly, played again by Norman Lovett, and Chris Barrie as Rimmer.[36] With the old cast and Red Dwarf back, the series moved back to being videotaped in front of a studio audience.[37] The series ended on a cliffhanger that remained unresolved until 2009's Red Dwarf: Back to Earth.[36] With 52 episodes the show was now in a good position for international syndication and the prospect of a feature-length film increased.[4]

text: KTEH, a PBS station in San Jose, California, broadcast the entire series on 7 March 1999. As a result, they broadcast the last five episodes of Series VIII before they were aired in the UK.  "Cassandra" was also broadcast on other PBS stations on 7 March 1999 as well.[38]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code451"Back in the Red: Part I"Ed ByeDoug Naylor18 February 1999 (1999-02-18)1
The nanobots have rebuilt Red Dwarf to its original design plans. In effect, the fresh new Red Dwarf is better than the old version of the ship the nanobots deconstructed in the first place – faster, more streamlined, containing more advanced technology, which was not included the first time round due to budget cutbacks. After crashing Starbug in the docking bay, they discover the nanobots have also resurrected the original crew complement of Red Dwarf who were killed in the radioactive disaster three million years previously, and who now have no memory of the incident or events following it. Lister tries to persuade the newly resurrected Arnold Rimmer to help him escape so that he can track down the nanobots to corroborate his story. However the only way for Lister to convince Rimmer is by helping Rimmer get promoted using a disc of confidential files left in the crashed wreckage of Starbug.
462"Back in the Red: Part II"Ed ByeDoug Naylor25 February 1999 (1999-02-25)2
Lister, the Cat, and Kochanski are in big trouble aboard the resurrected Red Dwarf with the freshly resurrected Captain Hollister (Mac McDonald), and they find themselves standing trial for stealing and crashing a Starbug. Kryten is reprogrammed and has his factory settings restored, while Rimmer uses the confidential files and the luck and sexual magnetism viruses found in the wreckage of the Starbug to get himself promoted in the field.
473"Back in the Red: Part III"Ed ByeDoug Naylor4 March 1999 (1999-03-04)8
Lister, Kochanski, Cat and Kryten flee The Red Dwarf in a Blue Midget and try to find the nanobots to prove that their version events is true. Rimmer intervenes to try and save his own neck and messes things up for all of them.
484"Cassandra"Ed ByeDoug Naylor7 March 1999 (1999-03-07) (US)11 March 1999 (1999-03-11) (UK)3
Rimmer, Lister, Cat, Kryten and Kochanski have been sentenced to two years in "The Tank" on secretive Floor 13, for stealing and crashing a Starbug and abusing confidential information during their trial in virtual reality. Lister signs up the gang for the Canaries, thinking it is the prison choir and enticed by the list of privileges that go with it. Lister is unaware the Canaries is actually a convict army utilised for reconnaissance on uncharted planets. Their first assignment is to investigate an abandoned spaceship on an ocean planet, where they discover Cassandra (Geraldine McEwan), a computer that can predict the future. But it spells bad news for Rimmer, when Cassandra predicts that he is going to die.
495"Krytie TV"Ed ByeDoug Naylor & Paul Alexander7 March 1999 (1999-03-07) (US)18 March 1999 (1999-03-18) (UK)6
Kryten has been placed in the women's wing of the Tank, due to his lack of male genitalia. After making the mistake of revealing that he showers with the female prisoners, Kryten is reprogrammed by Kill Crazy, making him a ruthless and amoral entrepreneur. Kryten soon puts on "Krytie TV", a pirate entertainment show for the prisoners, where he goes into the women's shower room and films the exposed naked bodies of the female prisoners, including Kochanski. Rimmer and Lister have been given a retrial, and Kryten endangers their only chance of freedom when he sets up Lister by getting him to mess up governor Ackerman's sleeping quarters.
506"Pete: Part I"Ed ByeDoug Naylor7 March 1999 (1999-03-07) (US)25 March 1999 (1999-03-25) (UK)4
Rimmer and Lister are not having a good time, frequently in and out of the captain's office for offences, each of which annoy Hollister more and more until he snaps and has them thrown in "the hole", a sparse prison cell inhabited only by an insane Welshman called Birdman and his pet sparrow, Pete. Meanwhile, the others return from a Canaries mission with a "time wand", a device that can manipulate time.
517"Pete: Part II"Ed ByeDoug Naylor & Paul Alexander7 March 1999 (1999-03-07) (US)1 April 1999 (1999-04-01) (UK)7
Lister and Rimmer drive Captain Hollister ever closer to a nervous breakdown. Kryten discovers the time wand can regress a living creature back into what it evolved from, and turns Baxter and Kill Crazy into apes. He also accidentally regresses Pete, Birdman's pet sparrow, into a Tyrannosaurus rex which then goes on a rampage around Red Dwarf and eats the Birdman, along with the time wand. With the rest of the crew frozen in time, Rimmer, Lister, Kryten, Kochanski, The Cat and Holly attempt to find a solution before the freeze wears off.
528"Only the Good..."Ed ByeDoug Naylor7 March 1999 (1999-03-07) (US)8 April 1999 (1999-04-08) (UK)5
An escape pod containing a genetically engineered  virus that eats metal arrives on Red Dwarf and begins to destroy the ship. Left on Red Dwarf to die, Rimmer, Lister, Cat, Kryten, Kochanski and Holly find their only chance at finding an antidote is to create a mirror universe where everything is opposite. Rimmer is sent into the mirror universe to find the antidote before Red Dwarf is destroyed. In the mirror universe, Rimmer finds what he has always wanted – he is no longer a lowly technician but the captain of the ship.

text: Red Dwarf: Back to Earth (2009)[edit]

text: In 2009, UKTV channel Dave screened three new 25-minute specials to celebrate the 21st anniversary of the show. The new episodes form part of an effort by Dave to screen more original programming, instead of just repeats. The specials were made up of a three-part story, "Back to Earth", as well as a "Making-of" special. Originally, there were to be two episodes, a "Making-of" and a live show titled Red Dwarf: Unplugged. However, according to Robert Llewellyn on 'Twitter', the Live Show had been cancelled due to time and money and there would be three episodes instead.[39] As with series 7, these episodes were not filmed in front of a live studio audience; however, unlike the seventh series, it was not shown to an audience at a later date to record the audience laughter.

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code531"Back to Earth: Part One"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor10 April 2009 (2009-04-10)1
542"Back to Earth: Part Two"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor11 April 2009 (2009-04-11)2
553"Back to Earth: Part Three"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor12 April 2009 (2009-04-12)3

text: Red Dwarf X (2012)[edit]

text: Red Dwarf returned for its first full series since 1999 in October 2012 for six new episodes written by Doug Naylor filmed before a live audience.[40] It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 19 November 2012.[41][42] All four original cast members from Back to Earth reprised their roles.

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code561"Trojan"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor4 October 2012 (2012-10-04)1
572"Fathers and Suns"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor11 October 2012 (2012-10-11)2
583"Lemons"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor18 October 2012 (2012-10-18)3
594"Entangled"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor25 October 2012 (2012-10-25)4
605"Dear Dave"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor1 November 2012 (2012-11-01)5
616"The Beginning"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor8 November 2012 (2012-11-08)6

text: Red Dwarf XI (2016)[edit]

text: It was confirmed on 2 May 2015 that an eleventh and twelfth series of Red Dwarf (consisting of six episodes each) would be filmed in late 2015 and early 2016 for Dave. After the announcement, Craig Charles resigned his role on Coronation Street to focus on filming for both new series. Red Dwarf XI began broadcast in September 2016.[43]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code621"Twentica"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor22 September 2016 (2016-09-22)6
The Red Dwarf team return, visiting an alternative universe on early 20th century Earth. The Dwarfers have to balance being separated and half stranded in a world where modern technology is strictly banned.
632"Samsara"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor29 September 2016 (2016-09-29)5
The Red Dwarf team finds an ocean moon and begins to discover all is not as it seems on the ocean floor nor in the ship itself, where a nefarious force exerts its power over the boys.
643"Give & Take"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor6 October 2016 (2016-10-06)1
A derelict-looking ship is boarded, only to find an insane medical droid onboard. The droid harvests Lister's kidneys and leaves him stuck asking the only genetically-similar creature available for an organ donation - the group's most selfish member, Cat.
654"Officer Rimmer"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor13 October 2016 (2016-10-13)4
A bio-scanner reprints a long deceased Captain. Rimmer inadvertently saves him from certain doom, earning the promotion he had always dreamed of. It makes him as much of a Smeghead as you could imagine.
665"Krysis"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor20 October 2016 (2016-10-20)3
When Kryten starts acting oddly and suddenly changes his chassis to a burly, rich red the group wonder what's wrong. A robotic midlife crisis is the cause. To cheer up Kryten and prove how far he has come the team fly him to see older droid models in the same series to prove just how evolved Kryten is.
676"Can of Worms"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor27 October 2016 (2016-10-27)2
The crew come across a female cat and suddenly Cat is not enamored only with himself. Meanwhile the group turn from pleased for their friend to concerned about her intentions as they discover she is not what she claims.

text: Red Dwarf XII (2017)[edit]

text: Filming on Red Dwarf XII began in early 2016.[43][44]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateProd.code681"Cured"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor12 October 2017 (2017-10-12)3
The boys discover a research centre where evil has been eradicated. They are bombarded by carbon copies of the infamous historical figures Adolf Hitler, Joseph Stalin, Vlad the Impaler and Valeria Messalina, who are now 'cured' of all evil and loving life.
692"Siliconia"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor19 October 2017 (2017-10-19)1
A rogue ship full of mechanoids that have rebelled against their programming to seek freedom finds the Dwarfers. They 'free' Kryten and begin to integrate him to their leisurely world. They transfer the minds of Rimmer, Lister and Cat into droids who begin to lose their human attributes the longer they stay in their new metal bodies.
703"Timewave"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor26 October 2017 (2017-10-26)2
After the crew discover, name and take soil samples from a "Helium-7"-rich moon (Planet Rimmer), Starbug is hit by a time wave, bringing them into contact with a twenty-fourth Century ship, the S.S. Enconium. However, there are two problems; the ship is set on a collision course with Planet Rimmer and, upon the ship, all forms of criticism are punishable by life imprisonment or "draining".
714"Mechocracy"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor2 November 2017 (2017-11-02)4
When the machines on Red Dwarf go on strike, a presidential election is held between Rimmer and Kryten to look after their rights.
725"M-Corp"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor9 November 2017 (2017-11-09)5
The crew discovers their employer Jupiter Mining Corporation has been bought out by a corporate giant with unusual views on product usage.
736"Skipper"Doug NaylorDoug Naylor16 November 2017 (2017-11-16)6
Rimmer gets hold of a Quantum skipper and skips his way across the multi-verse looking for a dimension where he is not such a giant loser.

text: Unproduced scripts[edit]

text: "Bodysnatcher"[edit]

text: Originally to be the second episode of Series I, and would have involved Rimmer going insane trying to deal with his intangibility and attempting to build himself a new body by stealing parts of Lister's, and Lister trying to live with a hologram of himself. The former idea was, in a way, used in the episode "Bodyswap" in Series III, and the latter became the basis for "Me2" (with the plotline transferred from Lister to Rimmer), which filled the sixth spot in the first series after "Bodysnatcher" was dropped.[45]

text: "Dad"[edit]

text: This would have been the opening episode to Series III. It was to be a direct continuation of the earlier episode "Parallel Universe" (the last episode of Series II), and would deal primarily with Lister's pregnancy. The idea was ultimately rejected by Grant and Naylor who felt that the script was unfunny. The events were referenced in the pre-title sequence of the episode "Backwards".[46]

text: "Identity Within"[edit]

text:
This episode was going to be in Series VII but was replaced by "Duct Soup" for budgetary reasons. A reconstructed version of the episode, (read by Chris Barrie), appears on the Series VII DVD release.[45][47]
The Cat is fatally ill, with only one cure: he has to have sex. They travel to a GELF village, where a female cat called Aura is being held prisoner for auction. Lister, Rimmer and Kryten have to save Aura and get her to fall in love with the Cat before he dies from being a virgin. This events are loosely revisited in the Series XI finale "Can of Worms" where it's revealed that the Cat is a virgin and ends up losing his virginity to a Polymorph disguised as a fellow cat.

text: Feature film[edit]

text: Once Series VIII ended in 1999, Doug Naylor attempted to make a feature-length version of the show. A script was written, by Naylor, and flyers began circulating around certain websites.[48] The flyer outlined the movie's plot, set in the distant future where Homo Sapienoids—a fearsome flesh-machine hybrid race—had taken over the solar system and were wiping out the human race. Spaceships that tried to escape Earth were hunted down until only one remained... Red Dwarf.[49] Pre-production began in 2004 and filming was planned for 2005.[49] However, sufficient funding was not forthcoming and production was put on hold.[50]

text: American pilots[edit]

text: Two versions of a pilot episode for a proposed NBC version of Red Dwarf were produced in 1992—a complete episode and a partial episode compiled with different cast members. Neither has been televised, though excerpts from the first pilot have been released on the Red Dwarf V DVD set.


document_title: Hash House Harriers

question_text: what are the hash house harriers running club

root

text: Hash House Harriers

text: History[edit]

text: Hashing originated in December 1938 in Selayang Quarry, Selangor, then in the Federated Malay States (now Malaysia), when a group of British colonial officers and expatriates began meeting on Monday evenings to run, in a fashion patterned after the traditional British paper chase or "hare and hounds", to rid themselves of the excesses of the previous weekend.[1] The original members included Albert Stephen (A.S.) Ignatius "G" Gispert, Cecil Lee, Frederick "Horse" Thomson, Ronald "Torch" Bennett, Eric Galvin, H.M. Doig, and John Woodrow.[2] A. S. Gispert suggested the name "Hash House Harriers" after the Selangor Club Annex, where several of the original hashers lived and dined, known as the "Hash House".[3][4]

tag: p

text: Hashing died out during World War II shortly after the Invasion of Malaya, but was restarted in 1946 after the war by several of the original group, minus A. S. Gispert, who was killed on 11 February 1942 in the Japanese invasion of Singapore, an event commemorated by many chapters by an annual Gispert Memorial Run.

text: After World War II, in an attempt to reorganize in the city of Kuala Lumpur, they were informed by the Registrar of Societies that as a "group," they would require a constitution.[5] Apart from the excitement of chasing the hare and finding the trail, harriers reaching the end of the trail would partake of beer, ginger beer and cigarettes.

text: The objectives of the Hash House Harriers as recorded on the club registration card dated 1950:

text:
To promote physical fitness among our members
To get rid of weekend hangovers
To acquire a good thirst and to satisfy it in beer
To persuade the older members that they are not as old as they feel

tag: ul

text: In 1962, Ian Cumming founded the second chapter in Singapore. The idea spread through the Far East and the South Pacific, Europe, North America, expanding rapidly during the mid-1970s. Cumming was widely credited with bringing hashing to the United States and lived outside of New York City, where he continued to hash until his death on August 21, 2015.[6]

text: At present, there are almost two thousand chapters in all parts of the world, with members distributing newsletters, directories, and magazines and organizing regional and world hashing events. As of 2003, there are even two organized chapters operating in Antarctica.[7]

text: Events[edit]

text: Regular meetings[edit]

text: Most hashing clubs gather on a weekly or monthly basis, though some events occur sporadically, e.g., February 29th, Friday the 13th, Typhoon 'T8' or a full moon.

text: At a hash, one or more members ("hares") lay a trail, which is then followed by the remainder of the group (the "pack" or "hounds"). Sawdust, flour or chalk are usually used to mark the trail. The trail periodically ends at a "check" and the pack must find where it begins again; often the trail includes false trails, short cuts, dead ends, back checks, and splits. These features are designed to keep the pack together despite differences in fitness level or running speed, as front-runners are forced to slow down to find the "true" trail, allowing stragglers to catch up.

text: Members sometimes describe their group as "a drinking club with a running problem," indicating that the social element of an event is as important, if not more so, than any athleticism involved. Beer remains an integral part of a hash, though the balance between running and drinking differs between chapters, with some groups placing more focus on socialising and others on running.

text: Generally, hash events are open to the public and require no reservation or membership, but most require a small fee, referred to as "hash cash", to cover the costs incurred, such as food or drink, and the club treasurer may also be nicknamed "Hash Cash".

text: Socialising[edit]

text: The end of a trail is an opportunity to socialise, have a drink and observe any traditions of the individual chapter (see Traditions). When the hash officially ends, many members may continue socialising at an "on-after", "on-down", "on-on-on", "apres", or "hash bash", an event held at a nearby house, pub, or restaurant.

text: Special events[edit]

text: In addition to regularly scheduled hashes, a club or chapter may also organize other events or themed runs. Many also hold special events on their anniversaries or when they reach a milestone in the number of runs e.g. for run number 100, 200, 777, 1000, etc. This may include a special weekend with several runs and evening celebrations

text: Red dress runs[edit]

text: An event held annually by some chapters is the "Red Dress Run". In 1987, Donna Rhinehart was taken to a hash in Long Beach, California, to be introduced to the sport. She was invited to "wait in the truck" until her host returned. Instead Rhinehart joined the hash in her red dress. The following year, the San Diego Hash House Harriers sent Rhinehart an airline ticket to attend the inaugural "Red Dress Run". Hundreds of hashers wore red dresses for the event which was widely covered by local media. In addressing the crowd, Rhinehart suggested that such hashes might be held to raise funds for local charities. The event quickly spread around the globe to places such as Beijing, Montreal, Helsinki, Moscow, Tokyo, Washington DC and Hobart in Australia.[8] Over the years, it has raised millions of dollars for charity. The New Orleans Hash House Harriers attracted 7,000 participants to their Red Dress Run in 2010, raising more than $200,000 for 50 local charities.[9]

text: Today the Red Dress Run is another part of the Hash House Harriers’ heritage. Rhinehart died in 2013 as some clubs were celebrating the 25th anniversary of their Red Dress Run.[10]

text: Variations[edit]

text:
Hash House Bikers (Bike hashes or bashes) follow normal hashing traditions with the hare and pack riding bicycles.
River hashes or snorkel hashes (rashes, splashes, or snatches) follow normal hashing traditions, but take place in an aquatic environment with participants using snorkels, fins, kayaks, floats, and other rafts.
Snowshoe hashes are much like normal trails, but the hare and hounds are in the snow, on snowshoes. Marking trails with white flour or with colored chalk is impractical on snow, flour can be colored using carpenter's chalk(most common practice) or jello mix (which will be more vibrant when it gets wet from the snow). This practice is commonly used on all winter hash trails in snowy regions, not just snowshoe hashing. Squirts of colored water may be attempted but it has a tendency to be further diluted by the snow and also melts the snow and thus travels below the surface becoming less visible than colored flour.
Hash-a-thon, tour-duh-hash, Hash challenge and tri-hash-thon are special "competitive" events. Hash-a-thons involve multiple trails (normally 4) in 24-hour period totaling up to 26.2 miles(a marathon). Tour-duh-Hash is 7 days of hashing. Hash challenge is a team event (3–4 hashers) who complete a 42 km hash through the Malaysian jungle. Tri-hash-thon is an event consisting of 3 trails, 1 running, 1 swimming/snorkeling/river float, and 1 biking(bash).
Family hashes welcome children (sometimes called hash house horrors or ankle biters) with soft drinks replacing alcoholic beverages and drinking songs toned down appropriately.
Pick up hashes – Hashes that follow traditional hashing guidelines minus the pre-selection of a hare. At a pick up hash, the hare is decided randomly at the beginning of the event.
Disaster Hash [7] – A disaster hash is basically an impromptu hash that can be called by any hash member whenever a disaster occurs. The disaster can be anywhere in the world and can range from an earthquake to a flat tire. The disaster hash differs by two major hash components, the hares and hash names. The hare is chosen on the spot, given flour, a destination, and a one-minute head start. Whoever catches the hare, becomes the hare. They take the flour and continue along to the destination, this repeats as many times as the hare is caught. Secondly, disaster hashers are given special disaster hash names. All virgins get named at a disaster hash, usually having to do with the disaster in question and the disaster hash name is completely separate to a normal hash.

text: Trails[edit]

text: Hashing has not strayed far from its roots in Kuala Lumpur. The hare(s) mark their trail with paper, chalk, sawdust, or coloured flour, depending on the environment and weather.

text: Special marks may be used to indicate a false trail, a backtrack, a shortcut, or a turn. The most commonly used mark is a "check", indicating that hashers will have to search in any direction to find the continuation of the trail. Trails may contain a "beer check", where the pack stops to consume beer, water, or snacks, allowing any stragglers to catch up to the group.

text: Trails may pass through any sort of terrain and hashers may run through back alleyways, residential areas, city streets, forests, swamps, deep mud ("shiggy") or shopping malls and may climb fences, ford streams, explore storm drains or scale cliffs in their pursuit of the hare.

text: Signals and terms[edit]

text: Hashers often carry horns or whistles to communicate with each other, in addition to verbal communication. Every hash house employs its own set of trail marks and the names for these marks may vary widely, so newcomers or visitors will have the local markings explained to them before the run at a "chalk talk". The most common term is "on-on," shouted by runners to let others know they are on the right trail. A yell of "RU" (pronounced "are you") is a question to other hashers if they are on trail – it should be responded with either "On-On" or "Looking".

text: Sometimes there is a call to "circle up" – this is a call from a leader for the hashers to form a circle, be quiet, and pay attention. Circles are called for the "chalk talk", to give news, or for some ceremony such as to thank the hare for the hash.

text: Trail markings[edit]

text: Each group should explain their markings at the start of the trail (see "Chalk Talk" above"). Although not universal, there are several marks that are used on most standard running trails. Marks are most often made with flour (the kind used for baking) but other substances may be used such as chalk or colored powders.

text:
Symbol
Meaning

Very common marks

Arrow
The trail continues in this direction

a spot, blob, line or small pile
Trail – you are on a path

X, O or O w/dot or X inside
Check – You must find the trail continuation from here (there may be some false leads)

X or F
False trail

3 blobs in succession after a check
On, on (the correct trail)

Some only slightly less common marks

ON-IN or 3 parallel lines
The end of the trail

BC or BH
Beer Check or Beer Here(stop for a drink for and wait for the group to reform, then treat like a check). Sometimes you will see a "BN" for "Beer near"

F/YBF or 3 parallel lines
False trail. The spots you have been following end here.... Go back to the last check and find another trail. Short for "Fooled" or "False"/"You've been Fooled". The 3 parallel lines are more versatile in that later an arrow can be drawn through them to make a true trail arrow.

tag: table

text: Rules from group to group may vary.... Some examples of variations: some groups don't use the "F" mark or only use it after 5 or more spots. Others use the X as a false trail, but always after 2 blobs. The correct trail is recognised when the third blob in a row is reached after a check. For some groups an arrow is always true – other treat it as another spot and therefore may be part of a false trail. These rules should be explained in the "chalk talk".

text: Trail types[edit]

text: There are two types of trails. "live trails" are laid by hares who are given a head start, while "dead trails" are pre-laid hours or days before the hash begins. Live trails and dead trails are also known as "live hare" and "dead hare" trails, respectively. Live trails are closer to the original "hare and hound" tradition, with the intent of the pack being to catch the hare rather than making it to the end, and are more common in the United States, while the rest of the world tends toward dead trails.

text: A trail may be "A to A," where the trail returns to the start, or "A to B," where the beginning and end of the trail are widely separated. Some trails are referred to as "A to A1 (prime)", denoting an ending point that is close to (usually short walking distance), but not the same as the start. There is also "B to A" which the participants are ferried to another location for the run back to the gathering point.

text: Traditions[edit]

text: Circles[edit]

text: Most hash events end with a group gathering known as the "circle", or less commonly as "religion". Led by chapter leadership, the circle provides a time to socialize, sing drinking songs, recognize individuals, formally name members, or inform the group of pertinent news or upcoming events. Circles may be led by the chapter grandmaster, the group's religious advisor, or by a committee. Impromptu input is welcome and/or solicited.

text: Down-downs[edit]

text: A "down-down" is a means of punishing, rewarding, or merely recognizing an individual for any action or behaviour according to the customs or whims of the group. Generally, the individual in question is asked to consume without pause the contents of his or her drinking vessel or risk pouring the remaining contents on his or her head. Individuals may be recognized for outstanding service, or for their status as a visitor or newcomer. Down-downs also serve as punishment for misdemeanours real, imagined, or blatantly made up. Such transgressions may include: failing to stop at the beer check, pointing with a finger, or the use of real names. Commonly, hashers who wear new shoes to an event can be required to drink from that shoe.

text: Many chapters include an ice seat or throne as part of the down-down ceremony. Those who are to consume a down-down sit on a large block of ice while they await the completion of the down-down song. If the offence that resulted in the down-down is particularly egregious, the hasher may be subjected to a long song with many verses.

text: Hash names[edit]

text: In most chapters, the use of real names during an event is discouraged. Members are typically given a "hash name," usually in deference to a particularly notorious escapade, a personality trait, or their physical appearance. In some chapters the name must be earned – that is, hashers are not named until they've done something outstanding, unusual, or stupid enough to warrant a name. In other chapters the process is more mechanical and hashers are named after completing a certain number of events (5–10 being the most common).

text: Some chapters focus on "family-friendly" names (for example: Lost My Way); others focus on names filled with innuendo (for example: Salt Lick); and some go out of their way to make the name as bawdy, offensive, or politically incorrect as possible.

text: Those hashers who have not been named are generally referred to as "Just (Name)", "No Name (Name)" (e.g., "No Name John") or simply Virgin.

text: Hashers are not permitted to give themselves nicknames due to the obvious conflict of interest. Hashers who do so are often renamed by the chapter at the earliest opportunity and with a more offensive name. Similarly, hashers who do get named and don't like their name may end up being renamed by their chapter, the members of whom may strive to give the complaining hasher an even more offensive or inappropriate name.

text: New hashers verbally in pursuit of an obviously offensive or inappropriate name may intentionally be given a weaker name, such as "freckles."

text: Symbols[edit]

text: The traditional symbol of hashing is the outline of a human foot, or a pair, often including the phrase "On-On". T-shirts are a common symbol of various hash clubs, and events. A large sample is available in the Digital Hash T-shirt Museum[11]

text: Clothing[edit]

text: Hashers occasionally wear specialized clothing on trail or to the closing circles. Common items include thick, knee high socks, commonly referred to as "Shiggy Socks", kilts, or happi coats, with some kennels offered "earned" clothing such as bibs or sashes. Shiggy socks are worn to protect the shins and knees of the wearer from thorns, mud, branches, or whatever else they run through. The hash has its own tartan[12] for their kilts. Custom happi coats, originating out of Japan, are also commonly seen and made to reflect the local kennel.

text: International events[edit]

text: There are several international events, where hashers from different groups get together to run and socialize, but the most famous is the biennial Interhash, where hashers from around the world gather. The 2006 Interhash—Chiang Mai, offered supporting runs in Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, Vietnam, Cambodia, and southwest China. The 2018 event will be in the weekend of 27th May on the Fiji Islands.

text:
1978 Hong Kong
1980 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
1982 Jakarta, Indonesia
1984 Sydney, Australia
1986 Pattaya, Thailand
1988 Bali, Indonesia
1990 Manila, Philippines
1991 Akita, Japan
1992 Phuket, Thailand
1994 Rotorua, New Zealand
1996 Limassol, Cyprus
1998 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
2000 Tasmania, Australia
2002 Goa, India
2004 Cardiff, Wales
2006 Chiang Mai, Thailand
2008 Perth, Australia
2010 Kuching, Malaysia
2012 Jogjakarta, Indonesia
2014 Hainan, China
2016 Bali, Indonesia
2017 St George's, Grenada Hash #1000
2018 Nadi, Fiji Islands [13]

text: In addition to Interhash, there are also many regional and continental hash events, such as the InterAmericas, InterAfrica, InterGulf, InterScandi, EuroHash and PanAsia. National hash events, or "nash hashes", primarily bring together hashers from one particular nation, although visitors from other countries are actively welcomed.


document_title: List of National Basketball Association career 3-point scoring leaders

question_text: who has the most 3s in the nba

question_tokens: who has the most 3s in the nba

text: Three-point field goals made leaders[edit]

text: This is a list of National Basketball Association players by total career regular-season three-point field goals made.

text:
^
Active NBA player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

†
Not yet eligible for Hall of Fame consideration[3]

§
1st time nominee for Hall of Fame in 2018[4]

text:
Rank
Name
Position(s)
Team(s) played for (years)[5]
Total 3-point field
goals made
Total 3-point field
goals attempted
3-point field goal
percentage

1
Allen, RayRay Allen*
SG
Milwaukee Bucks (1996–2003)
Seattle SuperSonics (2003–2007)
Boston Celtics (2007–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
2,973
7,429
.400

2
Miller, ReggieReggie Miller*
SG
Indiana Pacers (1987–2005)
2,560
6,486
.395

3
Terry, JasonJason Terry^
SG/PG
Atlanta Hawks (1999–2004)
Dallas Mavericks (2004–2012)
Boston Celtics (2012–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Houston Rockets (2014–2016)
Milwaukee Bucks (2016–present)
2,282
6,010
.380

4
Korver, KyleKyle Korver^
SG/SF
Philadelphia 76ers (2003–2007)
Utah Jazz (2007–2010)
Chicago Bulls (2010–2012)
Atlanta Hawks (2012–2017)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2017–present)
2,213
5,130
.431

5
Crawford, JamalJamal Crawford^
SG/PG
Chicago Bulls (2000–2004)
New York Knicks (2004–2008)
Golden State Warriors (2008–2009)
Atlanta Hawks (2009–2011)
Portland Trail Blazers (2011–2012)
Los Angeles Clippers (2012–2017)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2017–present)
2,153
6,175
.349

6
Pierce, PaulPaul Pierce†
SF
Boston Celtics (1999–2013)
Brooklyn Nets (2013–2014)
Washington Wizards (2014–2015)
Los Angeles Clippers (2015–2017)
2,143
5,816
.368

7
Curry, StephenStephen Curry^
PG
Golden State Warriors (2009–present)
2,129
4,880
.436

8
Carter, VinceVince Carter^
SG/SF
Toronto Raptors (1999–2004)
New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2010)
Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)
Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)
Sacramento Kings (2017–present)
2,106
5,650
.373

9
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd*
PG
Dallas Mavericks (1994–1996, 2008–2012)
Phoenix Suns (1996–2001)
New Jersey Nets (2001–2008)
New York Knicks (2012–2013)
1,988
5,701
.349

10
Johnson, JoeJoe Johnson^
SG/SF
Boston Celtics (2001–2002)
Phoenix Suns (2002–2005)
Atlanta Hawks (2005–2012)
Brooklyn Nets (2012–2016)
Miami Heat (2016)
Utah Jazz (2016–2018)
Houston Rockets (2018–present)
1,978
5,331
.371

11
Nowitzki, DirkDirk Nowitzki^
PF
Dallas Mavericks (1999–present)
1,918
5,005
.383

12
Smith, J. R.J. R. Smith^
SG
New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2004–2006)
Denver Nuggets (2006–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2015)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2015–present)
1,917
5,128
.374

13
Billups, ChaunceyChauncey Billups
PG/SG
Boston Celtics (1997–1998)
Toronto Raptors (1998)
Denver Nuggets (1999, 2008–2011)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2000–2002)
Detroit Pistons (2002–2008, 2013–2014)
New York Knicks (2011)
Los Angeles Clippers (2011–2013)
1,830
4,725
.387

14
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant†
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1996–2016)
1,827
5,546
.330

15
Lewis, RashardRashard Lewis
SF/PF
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2007)
Orlando Magic (2007–2010)
Washington Wizards (2010–2012)
Miami Heat (2012–2014)
1,787
4,625
.386

16
Stojaković, PejaPeja Stojaković
SF
Sacramento Kings (1999–2006)
Indiana Pacers (2006)
New Orleans(/Oklahoma City) Hornets (2006–2010)
Toronto Raptors (2010–2011)
Dallas Mavericks (2011)
1,760
4,392
.401

17
Ellis, DaleDale Ellis
SF/SG
Dallas Mavericks (1983–1986)
Seattle SuperSonics (1986–1991, 1997–1999)
Milwaukee Bucks (1991–1992, 1999–2000)
San Antonio Spurs (1992–1994)
Denver Nuggets (1994–1997)
Charlotte Hornets (2000)
1,719
4,266
.403

18
Nash, SteveSteve Nash*
PG
Phoenix Suns (1996–1998, 2004–2012)
Dallas Mavericks (1999–2004)
Los Angeles Lakers (2012–2014)
1,685
3,939
.428

19
Harden, JamesJames Harden^
SG
Oklahoma City Thunder (2009–2012)
Houston Rockets (2012–present)
1,647
4,523
.364

20
James, LeBronLeBron James^
SF
Cleveland Cavaliers (2003–2010, 2014–present)
Miami Heat (2010–2014)
1,616
4,701
.344

21
Richardson, JasonJason Richardson†
SG
Golden State Warriors (2001–2007)
Charlotte Bobcats (2007–2008)
Phoenix Suns (2008–2010)
Orlando Magic (2010–2012)
Philadelphia 76ers (2012–2015)
1,608
4,344
.370

22
Miller, MikeMike Miller
SF/SG
Orlando Magic (2000–2003)
Memphis Grizzlies (2003–2008, 2013–2014)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2008–2009)
Washington Wizards (2009–2010)
Miami Heat (2010–2013)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2014–2015)
Denver Nuggets (2015–2017)
1,590
3,910
.407

23
Rice, GlenGlen Rice
SF
Miami Heat (1989–1995)
Charlotte Hornets (1995–1998)
Los Angeles Lakers (1999–2000)
New York Knicks (2000–2001)
Houston Rockets (2001–2003)
Los Angeles Clippers (2003–2004)
1,559
3,896
.400

24
Thompson, KlayKlay Thompson^
SG
Golden State Warriors (2011–present)
1,557
3,691
.422

25
Jones, EddieEddie Jones
SG
Los Angeles Lakers (1994–1999)
Charlotte Hornets (1999–2000)
Miami Heat (2000–2005, 2007)
Memphis Grizzlies (2005–2007)
Dallas Mavericks (2007–2008)
1,546
4,147
.373

26
Hardaway, TimTim Hardaway
PG
Golden State Warriors (1989–1993, 1994–1996)
Miami Heat (1996–2001)
Dallas Mavericks (2001–2002)
Denver Nuggets (2002)
Indiana Pacers (2003)
1,542
4,345
.355

27
Van Exel, NickNick Van Exel
PG
Los Angeles Lakers (1993–1998)
Denver Nuggets (1999–2002)
Dallas Mavericks (2002–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2004)
Portland Trail Blazers (2004–2005)
San Antonio Spurs (2005–2006)
1,528
4,278
.357

28
Bibby, MikeMike Bibby
PG
Vancouver Grizzlies (1999–2001)
Sacramento Kings (2001–2008)
Atlanta Hawks (2008–2011)
Washington Wizards (2011)
Miami Heat (2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2012)
1,517
3,999
.379

29
Ginóbili, ManuManu Ginóbili^
SG
San Antonio Spurs (2002–present)
1,495
4,055
.369

30
Redick, J. J.J. J. Redick^
SG
Orlando Magic (2006–2013)
Milwaukee Bucks (2013)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2017)
Philadelphia 76ers (2017–present)
1,464
3,524
.415

31
Finley, MichaelMichael Finley
SF
Phoenix Suns (1995–1996)
Dallas Mavericks (1996–2005)
San Antonio Spurs (2005–2010)
Boston Celtics (2010)
1,454
3,880
.375

32
Durant, KevinKevin Durant^
SF/SG
Seattle SuperSonics/Oklahoma City Thunder (2007–2016)
Golden State Warriors (2016–present)
1,433
3,734
.384

33
Matthews, WesleyWesley Matthews^
SG
Utah Jazz (2009–2010)
Portland Trail Blazers (2010–2015)
Dallas Mavericks (2015–present)
1,405
3,667
.383

34
Barry, BrentBrent Barry
SG
Los Angeles Clippers (1995–1998)
Miami Heat (1998)
Chicago Bulls (1999)
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2004)
San Antonio Spurs (2004–2008)
Houston Rockets (2008–2009)
1,395
3,442
.405

35
Walker, AntoineAntoine Walker
PF
Boston Celtics (1996–2003, 2005)
Dallas Mavericks (2003–2004)
Atlanta Hawks (2004–2005)
Miami Heat (2005–2007)
Minnesota Timberwolves (2007–2008)
1,386
4,264
.325

36
Lowry, KyleKyle Lowry^
PG
Memphis Grizzlies (2006–2009)
Houston Rockets (2009–2012)
Toronto Raptors (2012–present)
1,375
3,717
.370

37
Majerle, DanDan Majerle
SG/SF
Phoenix Suns (1988–1995, 2001–2002)
Cleveland Cavaliers (1995–1996)
Miami Heat (1996–2001)
1,360
3,798
.358

38
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
SF
Denver Nuggets (2003–2011)
New York Knicks (2011–2017)
Oklahoma City Thunder (2017–present)
1,341
3,861
.347

39
Davis, BaronBaron Davis
PG
Charlotte Hornets (1999–2002)
New Orleans Hornets (2002–2005)
Golden State Warriors (2005–2008)
Los Angeles Clippers (2008–2011)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2011)
New York Knicks (2012)
1,332
4,159
.320

40
Richmond, MitchMitch Richmond*
SG
Golden State Warriors (1988–1991)
Sacramento Kings (1991–1998)
Washington Wizards (1999–2001)
Los Angeles Lakers (2001–2002)
1,326
3,419
.388

41
Anderson, RyanRyan Anderson^
PF
New Jersey Nets (2008–2009)
Orlando Magic (2009–2012)
New Orleans Hornets/Pelicans (2012–2016)
Houston Rockets (2016–present)
1,315
3,446
.382

42
Ariza, TrevorTrevor Ariza^
SF
New York Knicks (2004–2006)
Orlando Magic (2006–2007)
Los Angeles Lakers (2007–2009)
Houston Rockets (2009–2010, 2014–present)
New Orleans Hornets (2010–2012)
Washington Wizards (2012–2014)
1,313
3,721
.353

43
Houston, AllanAllan Houston
SG
Detroit Pistons (1993–1996)
New York Knicks (1996–2005)
1,305
3,247
.402

44
Dunleavy Jr., MikeMike Dunleavy Jr.
SF/SG
Golden State Warriors (2002–2007)
Indiana Pacers (2007–2011)
Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2013)
Chicago Bulls (2013–2016)
Cleveland Cavaliers (2016–2017)
Atlanta Hawks (2017)
1,304
3,460
.377

45
Porter, TerryTerry Porter
PG
Portland Trail Blazers (1985–1995)
Minnesota Timberwolves (1995–1998)
Miami Heat (1999)
San Antonio Spurs (1999–2002)
1,297
3,360
.386

46
Blaylock, MookieMookie Blaylock
PG
New Jersey Nets (1989–1992)
Atlanta Hawks (1992–1999)
Golden State Warriors (1999–2002)
1,283
3,816
.336

47
Lillard, DamianDamian Lillard^
PG
Portland Trail Blazers (2012–present)
1,269
3,447
.368

48
Maxwell, VernonVernon Maxwell
SG
San Antonio Spurs (1988–1990, 1996–1997)
Houston Rockets (1990–1995)
Philadelphia 76ers (1995–1996, 2000)
Orlando Magic (1998)
Charlotte Hornets (1998)
Sacramento Kings (1999)
Seattle SuperSonics (1999–2000)
Dallas Mavericks (2001)
1,256
3,931
.320

49
Robinson, CliffordClifford Robinson
PF/SF
Portland Trail Blazers (1989–1997)
Phoenix Suns (1997–2001)
Detroit Pistons (2001–2003)
Golden State Warriors (2003–2005)
New Jersey Nets (2005–2007)
1,253
3,515
.356

50
Jackson, StephenStephen Jackson
SG/SF
New Jersey Nets (2000–2001)
San Antonio Spurs (2001–2003, 2012–2013)
Atlanta Hawks (2003–2004)
Indiana Pacers (2004–2007)
Golden State Warriors (2007–2009)
Charlotte Bobcats (2009–2011)
Milwaukee Bucks (2011–2012)
Los Angeles Clippers (2013–2014)
1,252
3,763
.333

text: Progressive list of 3-point scoring leaders[edit]

text: This is a progressive list of 3-point scoring leaders showing how the record has increased through the years.

text:
Team abbreviations
Team(s) listed is the one player was on when he established the record.

BOS
Boston Celtics
HOU
Houston Rockets
ORL
Orlando Magic
SEA
Seattle SuperSonics

CHA
Charlotte Bobcats
IND
Indiana Pacers
PHI
Philadelphia 76ers
TOR
Toronto Raptors

CHI
Chicago Bulls
LAL
Los Angeles Lakers
PHO
Phoenix Suns
UTA
Utah Jazz

CLE
Cleveland Cavaliers
MIA
Miami Heat
SAC
Sacramento Kings
WAS
Washington Wizards

DEN
Denver Nuggets
MIL
Milwaukee Bucks
SAS
San Antonio Spurs
WSB
Washington Bullets

GSW
Golden State Warriors
NYK
New York Knicks
SDC
San Diego Clippers

text:
Progressive 3-point leaders

Season
Year-by-year leader
3P
Active player leader
3P
Career record
3P
Single-season record
3P
Season

1979–80
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
Brian Taylor000SDC
90
1979–80

1980–81
Mike Bratz000CLE
57
134
134
1980–81

1981–82
Don Buse000IND
73
Joe Hassett000GSW
193
Joe Hassett000GSW
193
1981–82

1982–83
Mike Dunleavy000 SAS
67
194
194
1982–83

1983–84
Darrell Griffith000UTA
91
Darrell Griffith000UTA
154
Darrell Griffith000UTA
91
1983–84

1984–85
92
246
Darrell Griffith000UTA
246
92
1984–85

1985–86
Larry Bird*000BOS
82
Larry Bird*000BOS
267
Larry Bird*000BOS
267
1985–86

1986–87
90
357
357
1986–87

1987–88
Danny Ainge000BOS
148
455
455
Danny Ainge000BOS
148
1987–88

1988–89
Michael Adams000DEN
166
Dale Ellis000SEA
472
Dale Ellis000SEA
472
Michael Adams000DEN
166
1988–89

1989–90
158
568
568
1989–90

1990–91
Vernon Maxwell000HOU
172
Michael Adams
000DEN 1990–91
000WSB 1991–92
658
Michael Adams
000DEN 1990–91
000WSB 1991–92
658
Vernon Maxwell000HOU
172
1990–91

1991–92
162
783
783
1991–92

1992–93

Reggie Miller*000IND
Dan Majerle000PHO
167
Dale Ellis
000 SAS 1992–94
000 DEN 1994–97
882
Dale Ellis
000 SAS 1992–94
000 DEN 1994–97
882
1992–93

1993–94
Dan Majerle000PHO
192
1,013
1,013
Dan Majerle000PHO
192
1993–94

1994–95
John Starks000NYK
217
1,119
1,119
John Starks000NYK
217
1994–95

1995–96
Dennis Scott000ORL
267
1,269
1,269
Dennis Scott000ORL
267
1995–96

1996–97
Reggie Miller*000IND
229
1,461
1,461
1996–97

1997–98
Wesley Person000CLE
192
Reggie Miller*000IND
1,596
Reggie Miller*000IND
1,596
1997–98

1998–99
Dee Brown000TOR
135
1,702
1,702
1998–99

1999–00
Gary Payton*000SEA
177
1,867
1,867
1999–00

2000–01
Antoine Walker000BOS
221
2,037
2,037
2000–01

2001–02
Allen, RayRay Allen*000MIL
229
2,217
2,217
2001–02

2002–03
201
2,330
2,330
2002–03

2003–04
Peja Stojaković000SAC
240
2,464
2,464
2003–04

2004–05

Quentin Richardson0PHO
Kyle Korver^00PHI

226
2,560
2,560
2004–05

2005–06
Allen, RayRay Allen*000SEA
269
Allen, RayRay Allen*
000SEA 2005–07
000BOS 2007–12
000MIA 2012–14
1,755
Allen, RayRay Allen*000SEA
269
2005–06

2006–07
Gilbert Arenas00WAS
Raja Bell00PHO

205
1,920
2006–07

2007–08
Jason Richardson†000CHA
243
2,100
2007–08

2008–09
Rashard Lewis000ORL
220
2,299
2008–09

2009–10
Aaron Brooks^000HOU
209
2,444
2009–10

2010–11
Dorell Wright†000GSW
194
2,612
Allen, RayRay Allen*
000BOS 2010–12
000MIA 2012–14
2,612
2010–11

2011–12
Ryan Anderson^000ORL
166
2,718
2,718
2011–12

2012–13
Stephen Curry^000GSW
272
2,857
2,857
Stephen Curry^000GSW
272
2012–13

2013–14
261
2,973
2,973
2013–14

2014–15
286
Jason Terry^
000HOU 2014–16
000MIL 2016–18
2,076
286
2014–15

2015–16
402
2,169
402
2015–16

2016–17
324
2,242
2016–17

2017–18
James Harden^000HOU
265
2,282
2017–18

Season
Year-by-year leader
3P
Active player leader
3P
Career record
3P
Single-season record
3P
Season

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The National Basketball Association did not record 3-point field goals until the 1979–80 season
Jump up ^ "NBA Progressive Leaders and Records for 3-Pt Field Goals". Basketball-Reference.com. Sports-Reference. Retrieved 24 March 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b A player is not eligible for induction into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame until he has been fully retired for three calendar years.
^ Jump up to: a b "Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame Announces Eligible Candidates for the Class of 2018". Retrieved 29 December 2017.
Jump up ^ American Basketball Association (ABA) teams other than those admitted into the NBA in 1976 are not included; each year is linked to an article about that particular NBA season.

tag: ol


document_title: Office of Professional Responsibility

question_text: who runs the fbi office of professional responsibility

text: Office of Professional Responsibility

text: The Office of Professional Responsibility (OPR) is part of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ) responsible for investigating attorneys employed by the DOJ who have been accused of misconduct or crimes in their professional functions. The OPR promulgates independent standards of ethical and criminal conduct for DOJ attorneys, while the DOJ's Office of the Inspector General (OIG) has jurisdiction of non-attorney DOJ employees. Mary Patrice Brown was named acting head of the office in April 2009.[1] Robin Ashton became the head of the office in 2011[2]

text: The OPR receives reports of allegations of misconduct made against DOJ attorneys from many sources. Nearly half of all such allegations are reported to OPR by DOJ sources, such as the attorney involved.[3] The remaining complaints come from a variety of sources, including private attorneys, defendants and civil litigants, other federal agencies, state or local government officials, judicial and congressional referrals, and media reports. OPR gives expedited attention to judicial findings of misconduct.

text: The OPR reviews each allegation and determines whether further investigation is warranted. The determination is a matter of investigative judgment that weighs many factors, including the nature of the allegation, its apparent credibility, its specificity, its susceptibility to verification, and the source of the allegation. A decision to open a matter does not give rise to a presumption of misconduct, nor shift the burden of proof to the accused person. The OPR's investigations involve a wide range of allegations, and the investigative methods used vary accordingly.

text: In many cases, the OPR notifies the accused attorney and requests a written response. Sometimes, the OPR also makes on-site investigations. The OPR reports the results of the investigation to the component head concerned and to the Office of the Deputy Attorney General. The OPR also advises the complainant and the accused attorney of its conclusion.

text: OPR has a policy of not reporting or investigating complaints for violation of duty of candor towards the tribunal that may be resolved in court. It does not publish this policy in the Federal Register. OPR does not publish agendas of its meetings or keep minutes of its meetings.[4][5][6]


document_title: What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? (1962 film)

question_text: who won oscar for whatever happened to baby jane

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1917, "Baby Jane" Hudson is an adored yet ill-tempered vaudevillian child star while her older sister Blanche lives in her shadow. By 1935, their fortunes have reversed: Blanche is a successful film actress and Jane lives in obscurity, her films having failed. One night, Jane mocks Blanche at a party, prompting Blanche to run away in tears. That same night, Blanche is paralyzed from the waist down in a mysterious car accident that is unofficially blamed on Jane, who is found three days later in a drunken stupor.

text: In 1962, Blanche (Joan Crawford) and Jane (Bette Davis) are living together in Blanche's mansion, purchased with Blanche's movie earnings. Blanche now uses a wheelchair. By now, Jane has become a heavy alcoholic, mentally ill and treats Blanche with cruelty to punish her for stealing her spotlight.  Later, when Blanche informs Jane she will be selling the house, Jane's mental health begins to deteriorate further. During an argument, she removes the telephone from Blanche's bedroom, cutting Blanche off from the outside world. Later, Jane begins denying Blanche food, until she serves Blanche her dead parakeet on a platter—and, at a later meal, a rat that she killed in the cellar.

text: Jane becomes obsessed with recapturing her childhood stardom and puts an advertisement in the paper for a pianist to accompany her singing. When Jane leaves the house, Blanche tries to get the attention of her neighbor, Mrs. Bates (Anna Lee), by writing a note pleading for help and throwing it out her bedroom window. Jane returns in time to notice the note and prevents Mrs. Bates from seeing it. When Jane reads the note, the two sisters quarrel again.

text: When Blanche's caretaker Elvira Stitt (Maidie Norman) comes to clean the house, Jane pays her and gives her the day off, but when Elvira returns later on, Jane abruptly fires her and sends her away.  After Jane goes to the bank to get some cash, Elvira comes back and finds that Jane has locked Blanche in her room. When Jane returns, Mrs. Bates tells her she saw Elvira go into the house. Jane confronts Elvira. Meanwhile, eccentric and cash-strapped Edwin Flagg (Victor Buono) sees Jane's newspaper advertisement and arrives at the mansion, where Jane hires him as her accompanist.  Desperate for cash, Edwin insincerely flatters Jane and encourages her to revive her act.  While Jane drives Edwin home, Blanche searches the house for food and discovers Jane has been forging her signature on checks. Desperate for help, Blanche crawls down the stairs and calls their doctor, telling him of Jane's erratic behavior and begging him to come to the house. Jane returns in time to find Blanche on the phone and beats her unconscious before imitating her voice over the phone and telling the doctor not to come. She then binds and gags Blanche and locks her back in her upstairs bedroom. Elvira, still suspicious of Jane, returns the next day and discovers Blanche in a  starved state and threatens to go to the police. Before she can rescue her, however, Jane beats Elvira to death with a hammer and disposes of her body.

text: Days later, the police call upon the Hudson house and tell Jane that her maid's cousin has reported her missing. The panicked Jane prepares to leave, taking Blanche with her. Before they can leave, Edwin shows up uninvited and drunk, and discovers Blanche in her bed, bound, gagged, and emaciated.  Edwin flees to a drugstore where he notifies the authorities.

text: Jane drives Blanche to the beach and reverts to her childhood self. Near death, Blanche confesses that the accident that caused her paralysis is her own fault: on the night of the accident, she had tried to run Jane over because she was angry at her sister for mocking her, and ever since she has let Jane believe she was to blame for her spine being severed when the car struck the iron gate of their house. Pathetically, Jane asks, "You mean all this time we could have been friends?"  With childlike joy, Jane goes to a beachside snack bar to get ice-cream cones for herself and her sister, and then dances before a crowd of horrified onlookers, believing she is once again "Baby Jane", performing for her adoring fans. Two police officers, who have come to arrest Jane for Elvira's murder, see Blanche lying motionless in the sand and rush to her.  The film ends here, without revealing whether Blanche has survived her ordeal.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Bette Davis as Jane Hudson
Julie Allred as nine-year-old Jane
Debbie Burton as young Jane's singing voice
Joan Crawford as Blanche Hudson
Gina Gillespie as thirteen-year-old Blanche
Victor Buono as Edwin Flagg
Marjorie Bennett as Dehlia Flagg
Maidie Norman as Elvira Stitt
Anna Lee as Mrs. Bates
B. D. Merrill as Liza Bates
Dave Willock as Ray Hudson
Anne Barton as Cora Hudson
Wesley Addy as Marty McDonald
Bert Freed as Ben Golden
Robert Cornthwaite as Doctor Shelby

text: Production[edit]

text:
Bette Davis came up with her own makeup for her role.
The house exterior of the Hudson mansion is located at 172 South McCadden Place in the neighborhood of Hancock Park, Los Angeles. Other residential exteriors show cottages on DeLongpre Avenue near Harvard Avenue in Hollywood without their current gated courtyards. The scene on the beach was shot in Malibu, reportedly the same site where Aldrich filmed the final scene of Kiss Me Deadly (1955).

text: Footage from the Bette Davis films Parachute Jumper and Ex-Lady (both 1933) and the Joan Crawford film Sadie McKee (1934) was used to represent the film acting of Baby Jane and Blanche respectively.

text: The neighbor's daughter was played by Davis' daughter B. D. Merrill who, following in the footsteps of Crawford's daughter Christina, later wrote a memoir that depicted her mother in an unfavorable light.

text: Crawford was scheduled to appear alongside Davis on a publicity tour of Baby Jane but cancelled at the last minute. Davis claimed that Crawford backed out because she didn't want to share the stage with her.[12] In a 1972 telephone conversation, Crawford related to future author Shaun Considine that after seeing a screening of the film she urged Davis to go and have a look. When she didn't hear back from her co-star, Crawford called Davis and asked her what she thought of the film to which Davis replied, "You were so right, Joan. The picture is good. And I was terrific." Crawford replied, "That was it. She never said anything about my performance. Not a word." Considine alleges that this denial from Davis (with regard to Joan's talent as an actress) prompted Crawford to cancel the publicity tour and upstage Davis at the Oscars.[13]

text: Prior to the Oscars ceremony, Crawford contacted the Best Actress nominees who were unable to attend the ceremonies and offered to accept the award on their behalf should they win. Davis claimed that Crawford lobbied against her among Academy voters. When Anne Bancroft was declared the winner for The Miracle Worker, she was in New York performing in a play, and had agreed to have Crawford accept her award if she won. Crawford triumphantly swept on-stage to pick up the trophy. Davis later commented, "It would have meant a million more dollars to our film if I had won. Joan was thrilled I hadn't."[14] As both Davis and Crawford had accepted lower salaries in exchange for a share of the film's profits,[15] Davis considered it especially foolish of Crawford to have worked against their common interests, especially at a time when roles for actresses of their generation were hard to find.

text: During the filming of Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte (1964), Crawford acknowledged to visiting reporter/author Lawrence J. Quirk the difficulty she was having with Davis because of the Oscar incident but added, "She acted like Baby Jane was a one-woman show after they nominated her. What was I supposed to do, let her hog all the glory, act like I hadn't even been in the movie? She got the nomination. I didn't begrudge her that, but it would have been nice if she'd been a little gracious in interviews and given me a little credit. I would have done it for her."[16]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (July 2018)

text:
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 92% based on 48 reviews. The site's critical consensus reads, "What Ever Happened to Baby Jane? combines powerhouse acting, rich atmosphere, and absorbing melodrama in service of a taut thriller with thought-provoking subtext."[17]
In his review in The New York Times, Bosley Crowther observed, "[Davis and Crawford] do get off some amusing and eventually blood-chilling displays of screaming sororal hatred and general monstrousness ... The feeble attempts that Mr. Aldrich has made to suggest the irony of two once idolized and wealthy females living in such depravity, and the pathos of their deep-seated envy having brought them to this, wash out very quickly under the flood of sheer grotesquerie."[18]

text: Variety stated, "Although the results heavily favor Davis (and she earns the credit), it should be recognized that the plot, of necessity, allows her to run unfettered through all the stages of oncoming insanity ... Crawford gives a quiet, remarkably fine interpretation of the crippled Blanche, held in emotionally by the nature and temperament of the role."[19]

text: In a retrospective review, TV Guide awarded the film four stars, calling it "Star wars, trenchantly served" and adding, "If it sometimes looks like a poisonous senior citizen show with over-the-top spoiled ham, just try to look away ... As in the best Hitchcock movies, suspense, rather than actual mayhem, drives the film."[20]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was nominated for five Academy Awards, winning one for Best Costume Design.[21]

text:
Academy Award for Best Actress (Bette Davis, nominee)
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor (Victor Buono, nominee)
Academy Award for Best Costume Design, Black and White (Norma Koch, winner)
Academy Award for Best Cinematography, Black and White (Ernest Haller, nominee)
Academy Award for Best Sound (Joseph D. Kelly, nominee)
BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress (Crawford, nominee)
BAFTA Award for Best Foreign Actress (Davis, nominee)
Golden Globe Award for Best Actress - Motion Picture Drama (Davis, nominee)
Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor - Motion Picture (Buono, nominee)
Laurel Award for Golden Laurel for Sleeper of the Year (Winner)
Golden Palm – 1963 Cannes Film Festival (nominee)[22]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film was a box office hit, grossing $9 million at the worldwide box office and $4,050,000 in theatrical rentals in North America.[3][23] Its estimated budget was only $980,000.[1]

text: In the United Kingdom, the film was given an X certificate by the BBFC in 1962, with a few minor cuts. These cuts were waived for a video submission, which was given an 18 certificate in 1988, meaning no-one under 18 years of age could purchase a copy of the film.[1] However, in 2004, the film was re-submitted for a theatrical re-release, and it was given a 12A certificate, now meaning persons under 12 years of age could view it if accompanied by an adult. It remains at this category.[24]

text: Legacy[edit]

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text: The film's success spawned a succession of horror/thriller films featuring psychotic older women, later dubbed the psycho-biddy subgenre, among them Aldrich's Hush… Hush, Sweet Charlotte, What Ever Happened to Aunt Alice?, and director Curtis Harrington's Whoever Slew Auntie Roo? and What's the Matter with Helen?. It was parodied by the Italian comedy film What Ever Happened to Baby Toto?[25]

text: Shaun Considine's 1989 book Bette and Joan: The Divine Feud chronicles the actresses' rivalry, including their experience shooting this film.[26]

text: Comedy duo French and Saunders (Jennifer Saunders and Dawn French) did a BBC episode called "Whatever Happened to Baby Dawn" on 22 March 1990.[27]

text: The film was remade in 1991 as a television film starring real-life sisters Vanessa and Lynn Redgrave.[28]

text: In 2006, Christina Aguilera adopted a new alter ego called Baby Jane after Bette Davis' character in the film.[29]

text: In episode 4 of RuPaul's Drag Race: All Stars (season 2), the queens' acting chops are tested in parody movie sequels of RuPaul's favourite movies. A parody of ''What Ever Happened to Baby Jane?'' called ''Wha' Ha' Happened To Baby JJ?'' was made by Alaska and Alyssa Edwards.[30]

text: The backstage battle between Crawford and Davis during the production of the film is the basis for Feud: Bette and Joan, the 2017 first season of the Ryan Murphy television series Feud. It stars Jessica Lange as Crawford and Susan Sarandon as Davis.[31][32] It premiered on March 5, 2017.