document_title: The Nutty Professor

question_text: who played in the nutty professor with jerry lewis

text: The Nutty Professor

text: Plot[edit]

text: Professor Julius Kelp is a nerdy, scruffy, buck-toothed, accident-prone, socially awkward university professor whose experiments in the classroom laboratory are unsuccessful and highly destructive. When a football-playing bully embarrasses and attacks him, Kelp decides to "beef up" by joining a local gym. Kelp's lack of physical strength prompts him to invent a serum that turns him into the handsome, suave, charming and cheeky girl-chasing hipster, Buddy Love.

text: This new personality gives him the self-confidence to pursue one of his students, Stella Purdy. Although she resents Love, she finds herself strangely attracted to him. Buddy wows the crowd with his jazzy, breezy musical delivery and poised demeanor at the Purple Pit, a nightclub where the students hang out. He also mocks a bartender and waitress and punches a student. The formula wears off at inopportune times, often to Kelp's humiliation.

text: Although Kelp knows that his alternate persona is a bad person, he cannot prevent himself from continually taking the formula as he enjoys the attention that Love receives. As Buddy performs at the annual student dance the formula starts to wear off. His real identity now revealed, Kelp gives an impassioned speech, admitting his mistakes and seeking forgiveness. Kelp says that the one thing he learned from being someone else is that if you don't like yourself, you can't expect others to like you. Purdy meets Kelp backstage, and confesses that she prefers Kelp over Buddy Love.

text: Eventually, Kelp's formerly timid father chooses to market the formula (a copy of which Kelp had sent to his parents' home for safekeeping), endorsed by the deadpan president of the university who proclaims, "It's a gasser!" Kelp's father makes a pitch to the chemistry class, and the students all rush forward to buy the new tonic. In the confusion Kelp and Purdy slip out of the class. Armed with a marriage license and two bottles of the formula, they elope.

text: During the short closing credits, each of the characters come out and bow down to the camera, and when Jerry Lewis, still portraying Kelp, comes out and bows, he trips and goes into the camera, breaking it and causing the picture to go black.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jerry Lewis as Professor Julius F. Kelp/Buddy Love/Baby Kelp
Stella Stevens as Ms. Stella Purdy
Del Moore as Dr. Mortimer S. Warfield
Kathleen Freeman as Ms. Millie Lemmon
Howard Morris as Mr. Elmer Kelp
Elvia Allman as Mrs. Edwina Kelp
Julie Parrish as College Student
Milton Frome as Dr. M. Sheppard Leevee
Buddy Lester as Bartender
Med Flory as Warzewski, the football player

text: Production[edit]

text: The entire production was filmed from October 9 to December 17, 1962, mostly on the campus of Arizona State University in Tempe, Arizona.

text: The cast's costumes were designed by Edith Head.

text: Les Brown and his Band of Renown play themselves in the extended senior prom scenes.

text: Walter Scharf's score makes extensive use of the Victor Young jazz standard Stella by Starlight including an upbeat version over the film's main titles. Paramount was the copyright holder of the theme from its original appearance in The Uninvited (1944).

text: Love instructs the bartender to make an Alaskan Polar Bear Heater, "mix it nice" and pour it into a tall glass. The bartender asks if he can take a sip; after doing so, he freezes like a statue. While the drink started as fictional, it is now listed on some cocktail websites.[4][5][6]

text: Professor Kelp/Buddy Love character[edit]

text: The basic characterization of Julius Kelp was a Lewis staple, having appeared earlier in 1958's Rock-A-Bye Baby, and basically identical characters would appear in 1965's The Family Jewels and 1967's The Big Mouth.

text: Buddy Love is often interpreted as a lampoon of Lewis' former show business partner Dean Martin. Lewis, however, has consistently denied this. In his 1982 autobiography and again in a DVD featurette entitled The Nutty Professor: Making The Formula, Lewis stated that the character was based on every obnoxious self-important hateful hipster he ever knew. In the DVD commentary, Lewis speculates that he perhaps should have made Love more evil — since to his surprise more fan mail came for Love than for the professor. Film critic Danny Peary has made the claim in his 1981 book Cult Movies that the character of Love is actually the real counterpart of Jerry Lewis. Lewis has stated that the two represented good and evil.[7]

text: The character of Professor Frink from the animated television series The Simpsons loosely borrows much of his mannerisms and technique from Lewis' delivery of the Julius Kelp character, as well as the transition to a Buddy Love version of Frink in several episodes. In one episode, the character of Frink's father was voiced by guest star Lewis.

text: Home video[edit]

text: The DVD of the film contains a long deleted scene in which Kelp's love interest is portrayed as a sultry siren whose choreographed, jaw-dropping entrance to the Purple Pit, accompanied by jazz music, contrasts with the final edit in which she is portrayed as smart but fairly unassuming.

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: In 2000, the American Film Institute placed the film on its 100 Years...100 Laughs list, where it was ranked #99.[8]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Nutty Professor was released on DVD in October 2000. In October 2004, a "Special Edition" was released including an audio commentary by Lewis and Steve Lawrence, a documentary and a short feature. In the commentary, Lewis discusses aspects of production, including his creating a real-time, on-camera monitor, which subsequently became standard in the film industry. He mentions that he recut the film for his own home viewing. He also identifies scenes that he would have liked to redo; for example, making the professor's watch sound tinny.

text: Animated sequel[edit]

text: An animated direct-to-DVD sequel, also titled The Nutty Professor, featured the voices of Lewis and Drake Bell and was released on November 25, 2008. Directed by Paul Taylor, the film involves Julius Kelp's teenage grandson Harold discovering his grandfather's secret formula and unleashing his alter ego. Lewis had for decades talked about doing a sequel and until then had to settle for the 1996 remake starring Eddie Murphy, for which Lewis was credited as a producer. The 1996 version did produce a sequel of its own: Nutty Professor II: The Klumps.

text: Musical adaptation[edit]

text: A musical theater version premiered at the Tennessee Performing Arts Center in Nashville from July 31-August 19, 2012, based on a book by Rupert Holmes and with a score by Marvin Hamlisch. The production was directed by Jerry Lewis, with choreography by Joann M. Hunter. The cast featured Michael Andrew, Klea Blackhurst, Mark Jacoby and Marissa McGowan. The scenery was by David Gallo, with costume design by Ann Hould-Ward.[9][10]


document_title: Now Tour (Shania Twain)

question_text: who is opening for shania twain in ottawa

root

text: Now Tour (Shania Twain)

text: Background[edit]

text: During an interview with ET Canada, on June 29, 2017, Twain stated that she had a change of heart and was ready to hit the road again to support her upcoming album, Now, stating "Now that I've got new music, I'm really motivated to do that music live".[4]

tag: p

text: On August 16, 2017, while appearing on The Tonight Show, host Jimmy Fallon announced that Twain will be embarking on the Now Tour in 2018. The following day on August 17, 2017, Twain confirmed that she will be going on tour to support her upcoming album Now, through social media with tickets going on sale the following week.[5][6]

text: Following on from various promotional appearances for Now in the UK, including an exclusive set at Radio 2 Live in Hyde Park,[7] Twain announced the UK/Ireland dates on September 20, 2017. Revealing her excitement over her tour news, Shania said, "It's time to get back out there and give the music a chance to live a life!" Tickets for shows in Dublin and Belfast sold out within minutes, prompting Twain to add a second Dublin show.[8] Additional dates for both Glasgow and London were announced after tickets for the initial dates quickly sold out.[9] Due to demand, extra dates were added for Brisbane, Melbourne, Sydney and Auckland.[10]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The tour opened to positive critical reception. Fish Griwkowsky of the Edmonton Journal called the tour Twain's best,[11] while Matt Olsen of the StarPhoenix complimented the show saying it was "filled with extravagance and punctuated with genuine emotion".[12]

text: Opening Acts[edit]

text: On April 11, 2018, Swiss singer Bastian Baker confirmed he would be the opening act for all of the tour's 77 dates. Baker previously opened for Twain on the final two dates of her 2015 Rock This Country Tour.[13]

text: The Shires will join Twain and Baker for the UK and Ireland dates.[14]

text: Set list[edit]

text: This set list is representative of the show on May 3, 2018, at Tacoma Dome in Tacoma, Washington. It is not representative of all concerts for the duration of the tour.[15]

text:
"Life's About to Get Good"
"Come On Over"
"Up!"
"Poor Me"
"Don't Be Stupid (You Know I Love You)"
"That Don't Impress Me Much"
"Let’s Kiss and Make Up"
"Any Man of Mine"
"Whose Bed Have Your Boots Been Under?"
"Honey, I'm Home"
"I'm Alright"
"Soldier"
"You're Still the One"
"More Fun"
"From This Moment On"
"I'm Gonna Getcha Good!"
"Party for Two"
"Swingin' With My Eyes Closed"
"(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!"
"Man! I Feel Like a Woman!"
"Rock This Country!"

tag: ol

text: Additional Notes

text:
"Rock This Country!" was cut from the set list beginning with the July 27 Denver show. [16]
"Let's Kiss and Make Up" was cut from the set list beginning with the August 1 Fresno show.[citation needed]
Brazil's show was set with no moving cubes and a slight change to set list.[citation needed]

tag: ul

text: Shows[edit]

text:
List of concerts showing date, city, country, venue, tickets sold, amount of available tickets and gross revenue

Date

City

Country

Venue

Attendance[17]

Revenue[17]

Leg 1 – North America[3]

May 3, 2018

Tacoma

United States

Tacoma Dome

13,753 / 13,753

$1,107,336

May 5, 2018

Vancouver

Canada

Rogers Arena

26,375 / 26,375

$2,301,320

May 6, 2018

May 9, 2018

Edmonton

Rogers Place

N/A

N/A

May 10, 2018

May 12, 2018

Saskatoon

SaskTel Centre

May 13, 2018

Winnipeg

Bell MTS Place

May 15, 2018

Saint Paul

United States

Xcel Energy Center

May 16, 2018

Sioux Falls

Denny Sanford Premier Center

May 18, 2018

Omaha

CenturyLink Center Omaha

May 19, 2018

Chicago

United Center

June 1, 2018

Sunrise

BB&T Center

June 2, 2018

Tampa

Amalie Arena

June 4, 2018

Duluth

Infinite Energy Arena

June 6, 2018

Dallas

American Airlines Center

11,236 / 12,194

$1,121,069

June 7, 2018

Austin

Frank Erwin Center

7,190 / 10,630

$655,269

June 9, 2018

Houston

Toyota Center

N/A

N/A

June 10, 2018

New Orleans

Smoothie King Center

June 12, 2018

North Little Rock

Verizon Arena

June 13, 2018

St. Louis

Scottrade Center

June 15, 2018

Detroit

Little Caesars Arena

June 16, 2018

Cleveland

Quicken Loans Arena

June 25, 2018

Ottawa

Canada

Canadian Tire Centre

June 26, 2018

Montreal

Bell Centre

11,592 / 14,402

$1,045,900

June 28, 2018

Quebec City

Videotron Centre

11,472 / 13,415

$978,509

June 30, 2018

Hamilton

FirstOntario Centre

N/A

N/A

July 3, 2018

London

Budweiser Gardens

16,399 / 16,715

$1,473,090

July 4, 2018

July 6, 2018

Toronto

Scotiabank Arena

N/A

N/A

July 7, 2018

July 11, 2018

Boston

United States

TD Garden

July 12, 2018

Philadelphia

Wells Fargo Center

July 14, 2018

New York City

Barclays Center

July 15, 2018

Washington, D.C.

Capital One Arena

July 17, 2018

Pittsburgh

PPG Paints Arena

July 18, 2018

Grand Rapids

Van Andel Arena

July 20, 2018

Louisville

KFC Yum! Center

July 21, 2018

Nashville

Bridgestone Arena

16,264 / 16,264

$1,441,204

July 24, 2018

Kansas City

Sprint Center

N/A

N/A

July 25, 2018

Des Moines

Wells Fargo Arena

July 27, 2018

Denver

Pepsi Center

July 28, 2018

Salt Lake City

Vivint Smart Home Arena

July 30, 2018

Phoenix

Talking Stick Resort Arena

August 1, 2018

Fresno

Save Mart Center

August 3, 2018

Los Angeles

Staples Center

11,954 / 13,293

$892,783

August 4, 2018

Las Vegas

MGM Grand Garden Arena

N/A

N/A

Leg 2 – South America[18]

August 18, 2018

Barretos

Brazil

Parque do Peão

—

—

Leg 3 – Europe[19]

September 19, 2018

Glasgow

Scotland

SSE Hydro

—

—

September 21, 2018

September 22, 2018

Manchester

England

Manchester Arena

—

—

September 24, 2018

Birmingham

Arena Birmingham

—

—

September 26, 2018

Dublin

Ireland

3Arena

—

—

September 27, 2018

September 29, 2018

Belfast

Northern Ireland

SSE Arena

—

—

October 2, 2018

London

England

The O2 Arena

—

—

October 3, 2018

October 5, 2018

Munich

Germany

Olympiahalle

—

—

October 6, 2018

Prague

Czech Republic

O2 Arena

—

—

October 8, 2018

Cologne

Germany

Lanxess Arena

—

—

October 10, 2018

Antwerp

Belgium

Sportpaleis

—

—

October 11, 2018

Amsterdam

Netherlands

Ziggo Dome

—

—

October 13, 2018

Hamburg

Germany

Barclaycard Arena

—

—

October 14, 2018

Copenhagen

Denmark

Royal Arena

—

—

October 16, 2018

Oslo

Norway

Oslo Spektrum

—

—

October 17, 2018

Stockholm

Sweden

Ericsson Globe

—

—

Leg 4 – Oceania[20]

November 30, 2018

Perth

Australia

Perth Arena

—

—

December 2, 2018

Adelaide

Botanic Park

—

—

December 5, 2018

Brisbane

Brisbane Entertainment Centre

—

—

December 6, 2018

December 8, 2018

Hunter Valley

Hope Estate

—

—

December 11, 2018

Melbourne

Rod Laver Arena

—

—

December 12, 2018

December 14, 2018

Sydney

Qudos Bank Arena

—

—

December 15, 2018

December 18, 2018

Auckland

New Zealand

Spark Arena

—

—

December 19, 2018

December 22, 2018

Dunedin

Forsyth Barr Stadium

—

—

Total

181,235 / 192,041 (94%)

$11,016,480

tag: table


document_title: Walterboro, South Carolina

question_text: how far is walterboro sc from summerville sc

text: Walterboro, South Carolina

text: History[edit]

text: Walterboro (originally spelled "Walterborough") was founded in 1783 as a summer retreat for local planters looking to escape their malaria-ridden, Lowcountry plantations. The original settlement was located on a hilly area, covered with pine and hickory trees and named "Hickory Valley". Two of the earliest settlers were Paul and Jacob Walter. The two brothers owned plantations in nearby Jacksonboro. Paul's small daughter Mary was taken ill with malaria, a common disease amongst the families who built their plantations in the marshy areas of the Lowcountry, suitable to rice production. To save Mary's life the two brothers went looking for a more healthy location in which to live during the summer months and started the town that was later named for them. In 1817, Walterboro was named the third county seat of Colleton County, and has remained such until the present. This was followed by the construction of a county courthouse and jail in 1821, the courthouse being design by well-known architect Robert Mills. The town quickly spread out from the original Hickory Valley location, its population growth fueled successively by the town becoming the county seat in 1821, the establishment of a railroad line connecting the city with Columbia and Charleston in the 1880s, the establishment of an airfield in the 1930s and more recently the establishment of Interstate 95 in the 1960s, making the town a prime overnight stop on the road to Florida or New York.

text: In 1942, Walterboro became home to the Walterboro Army Air Field, a sub-base of Columbia Army Air Base and part of the overall network of army air training facilities that sprang up across the US during World War II. The base was established to provide advanced air combat training to fighter and bomber groups. It also hosted the largest camouflage school in the United States, as well as a 250-person prisoner of war camp. In 1944 the airfield changed commands and became an advanced combat training base for individual fighters, primarily the black trainees graduating from Tuskegee Army Air Field in Tuskegee, Alabama. Over 500 of the famed Tuskegee Airmen trained at Walterboro Army Air Field between April 1944 and October 1945, including individuals training as replacement pilots for the 332nd Fighter Squadron and the entire 447th Bombardment Group. The base closed in October 1945 and returned to its origins as a local airfield.

text: Today Walterboro is dotted with historic homes dating back to 1820, and a downtown that has kept many of its historic buildings. The city has become increasingly known as an antiquing destination and is a popular day trip from Charleston and Beaufort.

text: Geography[edit]

text: Walterboro is located somewhat north of the center of Colleton County at 32°54′15″N 80°39′58″W / 32.90417°N 80.66611°W / 32.90417; -80.66611 (32.904289, -80.666238).[5] Interstate 95 passes west of the city, leading northeast 110 miles (180 km) to Florence and southwest 67 miles (108 km) to Savannah, Georgia. The southern terminus of U.S. Route 15 is in the center of Walterboro; it leads north, running roughly parallel to I-95, reaching St. George in 21 miles (34 km). U.S. Route 17 Alt leads east from US 15 32 miles (51 km) to Summerville in the Charleston vicinity and southwest 21 miles (34 km) to Yemassee. South Carolina Highway 64 leads northwest past I-95 Exit 57 25 miles (40 km) to Ehrhardt and southeast 16 miles (26 km) to Jacksonboro.

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, Walterboro has a total area of 6.5 square miles (16.8 km2), all land.[1]

text: Culture[edit]

text: Rice Festival[edit]

text: The Colleton County Rice Festival takes place to celebrate the county's history with the rice crop, the staple crop until the Civil War. After that it still impacted the county. The festival is held at the end of April each year. The 2014 festival was the 39th year it has taken place. For each festival there is a parade, pageant, run/walk, and cooking contest. The Rice Festival is usually held on Friday and Saturday.

text: Walterboro Wildlife Sanctuary[edit]

text: The Sanctuary is 800 acres (3.2 km2) of braided-creek hardwood flats bottomland swamp. It consists of boardwalks, walking trails, bicycle paths, a canoe/kayak trail, observation areas, and a 10,000-square-foot (1,000 m2) Discovery Center is planned.  When it is completely finished the sanctuary will be the most significant nature-based facility in the lower part of South Carolina. It is open every day from dawn until dusk and is free. It is located on Detreville Street in Walterboro.

text: The South Carolina Artisan Center[edit]

text: The South Carolina Artisan Center is the official folk art and craft center of the state. The center is located on Wichman Street. The hours are Monday - Saturday 10am to 5:30pm and Sunday 1pm to 5pm.

text: Other attractions[edit]

text:
Colleton Museum & Farmer's Market (East Washington Street)
SC Artisans Center (Wichman Street)
Little Library (Wichman/Fishburne Street)
Colleton County Historical & Preservation Society (Church Street)
Old Water Tower (Memorial Ave/Washington Street)
Tuskegee Airmen Memorial (Walterboro Army Airfield)

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±
1870636—18806918.6%18901,17169.5%19001,49127.3%19101,67712.5%19201,85310.5%19302,59239.9%19403,37330.1%19504,61636.9%19605,41717.4%19706,25715.5%19806,209−0.8%19905,492−11.5%20005,153−6.2%20105,3984.8%Est. 20165,293[6]−1.9%U.S. Decennial Census

text: As of the census[2] of 2010, there were 5,401 people residing in the city. The population density was 832.0 people per square mile (401.1/km²). There were 2,571 housing units at an average density of 475.8 per square mile (183.9/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 44.1% Non-Hispanic White, 50.5% African American, 0.3%  Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.0%  Pacific Islander, and 1.5%  from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of the population.

text: There were 2,231 households out of which 28.2% had children under the age of 18 years living with them, 39.0% were married couples living together, 23.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.8% were non-families. 30.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.90.

text: In the city, the population was spread out with 25.8% under the age of 18, 7.5% from 18 to 24, 24.6% from 25 to 44, 23.0% from 45 to 64, and 17.9%  who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 79.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 73.1 males.

text: The median income for a household in the city was $24,135, and the median income for a family was $32,549. Males had a median income of $27,488 versus $20,351 for females. The per capita income for the city was $20,223. About 20.6% of families and 30.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 37.1% of those under age 18 and 10.4% of those age 65 or over.

text: Ethnicity[edit]

text: As of 2016 the largest self-reported ancestries/ethnicities in Walterboro, South Carolina were:

text:
hideLargest ancestries (2016)
Percent

English
9.8%

"American"
6.7%

German
5.8%

Scots-Irish
4.1%

French
3.2%

Italian
0.6%

Welsh
0.3%

text: Education[edit]

text: Walterboro has several public and private schools in its surrounding area. There are five public elementary schools (Bells Elementary, Cottageville Elementary, Hendersonville Elementary, Forest Hills Elementary, and Northside Elementary, one public middle school (Colleton County Middle School), and one public high school (Colleton County High School). There are two private K-12 schools: Colleton Preparatory Academy and North Walterboro Christian Academy. The University of South Carolina Salkehatchie has a branch in Walterboro, and Clemson University has a county extension office in the city.

text: Notable people[edit]

text:
William Jones Boone, first Episcopal bishop of Shanghai
Bonnie Lynn Fields, actress
Norman Hand, NFL defensive tackle
Craig Mack, hip hop artist
Dean Meminger, basketball player and coach
John Peurifoy, diplomat
Mary Shaffer, artist
Young Scooter, hip hop artist
Marvin Herman Shoob, United States federal court judge
Darwin Walker, NFL defensive tackle
Bill Workman, former economic development consultant; mayor of Greenville, South Carolina, from 1983 to 1995; retired in Walterboro, where he was also reared in early childhood

text: Infrastructure[edit]

text: Walterboro is accessible from Interstate 95 (access at exits 53 and 57), where lodging, dining, and gas station facilities make it a popular stopping point for travelers. Other roads of importance include U.S. Highway 15, Alternate U.S. Highway 17, and several state highways.  The Lowcountry Regional Airport provides general aviation services to Walterboro and Colleton County.


document_title: Vomiting

question_text: where does bile come from when you vomit

text: Vomiting

text: Complications

text: Aspiration

text: Vomiting can be dangerous if the gastric content enters the respiratory tract. Under normal circumstances the gag reflex and coughing prevent this from occurring; however, these protective reflexes are compromised in persons under the influences of certain substances such as alcohol or anesthesia. The individual may choke and asphyxiate or suffer an aspiration pneumonia.[citation needed]

text: Dehydration and electrolyte imbalance

text:
Prolonged and excessive vomiting depletes the body of water (dehydration), and may alter the electrolyte status. Gastric vomiting leads to the loss of acid (protons) and chloride directly. Combined with the resulting alkaline tide, this leads to hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (low chloride levels together with high HCO−
3 and CO
2 and increased blood pH) and often hypokalemia (potassium depletion). The hypokalemia is an indirect result of the kidney compensating for the loss of acid. With the loss of intake of food the individual may eventually become cachectic. A less frequent occurrence results from a vomiting of intestinal contents, including bile acids and HCO−
3, which can cause metabolic acidosis.[citation needed]

text: Mallory–Weiss tear

text: Repeated or profuse vomiting may cause erosions to the esophagus or small tears in the esophageal mucosa (Mallory–Weiss tear). This may become apparent if fresh red blood is mixed with vomit after several episodes.[citation needed]

text: Dentistry

text: Recurrent vomiting, such as observed in bulimia nervosa, may lead to destruction of the tooth enamel due to the acidity of the vomit. Digestive enzymes can also have a negative effect on oral health, by degrading the tissue of the gums.[citation needed]

text: Pathophysiology

text: Receptors on the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain represent a chemoreceptor trigger zone, known as the area postrema, stimulation of which can lead to vomiting. The area postrema is a circumventricular organ and as such lies outside the blood–brain barrier; it can therefore be stimulated by blood-borne drugs that can stimulate vomiting or inhibit it.[3]

text: There are various sources of input to the vomiting center:

text:
The chemoreceptor trigger zone at the base of the fourth ventricle has numerous dopamine D2 receptors, serotonin 5-HT3 receptors, opioid receptors, acetylcholine receptors, and receptors for substance P. Stimulation of different receptors are involved in different pathways leading to emesis, in the final common pathway substance P appears involved.[4][5]
The vestibular system, which sends information to the brain via cranial nerve VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve), plays a major role in motion sickness, and is rich in muscarinic receptors and histamine H1 receptors.[6][7]
The cranial nerve X (vagus nerve) is activated when the pharynx is irritated, leading to a gag reflex.
The vagal and enteric nervous system inputs transmit information regarding the state of the gastrointestinal system. Irritation of the GI mucosa by chemotherapy, radiation, distention, or acute infectious gastroenteritis activates the 5-HT3 receptors of these inputs.
The CNS mediates vomiting that arises from psychiatric disorders and stress from higher brain centers.[8]

text: The vomiting act encompasses three types of outputs initiated by the chemoreceptor trigger zone: Motor, parasympathetic nervous system (PNS), and sympathetic nervous system (SNS). They are as follows:[citation needed]

text:
Increased salivation to protect tooth enamel from stomach acids. (Excessive vomiting leads to dental erosion). This is part of the PNS output.
The body takes a deep breath to avoid aspirating vomit.
Retroperistalsis starts from the middle of the small intestine and sweeps up digestive tract contents into the stomach, through the relaxed pyloric sphincter.
Intrathoracic pressure lowers (by inspiration against a closed glottis), coupled with an increase in abdominal pressure as the abdominal muscles contract, propels stomach contents into the esophagus as the lower esophageal sphincter relaxes. The stomach itself does not contract in the process of vomiting except for at the angular notch, nor is there any retroperistalsis in the esophagus.
Vomiting is ordinarily preceded by retching.
Vomiting also initiates an SNS response causing both sweating and increased heart rate.

text: The neurotransmitters that regulate vomiting are poorly understood, but inhibitors of dopamine, histamine, and serotonin are all used to suppress vomiting, suggesting that these play a role in the initiation or maintenance of a vomiting cycle. Vasopressin and neurokinin may also participate.[citation needed]

text: Phases

text: The vomiting act has two phases. In the retching phase, the abdominal muscles undergo a few rounds of coordinated contractions together with the diaphragm and the muscles used in respiratory inspiration. For this reason, an individual may confuse this phase with an episode of violent hiccups. In this retching phase, nothing has yet been expelled. In the next phase, also termed the expulsive phase, intense pressure is formed in the stomach brought about by enormous shifts in both the diaphragm and the abdomen. These shifts are, in essence, vigorous contractions of these muscles that last for extended periods of time - much longer than a normal period of muscular contraction. The pressure is then suddenly released when the upper esophageal sphincter relaxes resulting in the expulsion of gastric contents. Individuals who do not regularly exercise their abdominal muscles may experience pain in those muscles for a few days. The relief of pressure and the release of endorphins into the bloodstream after the expulsion causes the vomiter to feel better.[citation needed]

text: Contents

text: Gastric secretions and likewise vomit are highly acidic. Recent food intake appears in the gastric vomit. Irrespective of the content, vomit tends to be malodorous.[citation needed]

text: The content of the vomitus (vomit) may be of medical interest. Fresh blood in the vomit is termed hematemesis ("blood vomiting"). Altered blood bears resemblance to coffee grounds (as the iron in the blood is oxidized) and, when this matter is identified, the term coffee-ground vomiting is used. Bile can enter the vomit during subsequent heaves due to duodenal contraction if the vomiting is severe. Fecal vomiting is often a consequence of intestinal obstruction or a gastrocolic fistula and is treated as a warning sign of this potentially serious problem (signum mali ominis).[citation needed]

text: If the vomiting reflex continues for an extended period with no appreciable vomitus, the condition is known as non-productive emesis or "dry heaves", which can be painful and debilitating.[citation needed]

text:
Bright red in the vomit suggests bleeding from the esophagus
Dark red vomit with liver-like clots suggests profuse bleeding in the stomach, such as from a perforated ulcer
Coffee-ground-like vomit suggests less severe bleeding in the stomach, because the gastric acid has had time to change the composition of the blood
Yellow vomit suggests bile, indicating that the pyloric valve is open and bile is flowing into the stomach from the duodenum (this is more common in older people)

text: Differential diagnosis

text: Vomiting may be due to a large number of causes, and protracted vomiting has a long differential diagnosis.[citation needed]

text: Digestive tract

text: Causes in the digestive tract

text:
Gastritis (inflammation of the gastric wall)
Gastroenteritis
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Celiac disease[9]
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity[10]
Pyloric stenosis (in babies, this typically causes a very forceful "projectile vomiting" and is an indication for urgent surgery)
Bowel obstruction
Overeating
Acute abdomen and/or peritonitis
Ileus
Food allergies (often in conjunction with hives or swelling)
Cholecystitis, pancreatitis, appendicitis, hepatitis
Food poisoning
In children, it can be caused by an allergic reaction to cow's milk proteins (Milk allergy or lactose intolerance)

text: Sensory system and brain

text: Causes in the sensory system:[citation needed]

text:
Movement: motion sickness (which is caused by overstimulation of the labyrinthine canals of the ear)[citation needed]
Ménière's disease

text: Causes in the brain:[citation needed]

text:
Concussion
Cerebral hemorrhage
Migraine
Brain tumors, which can cause the chemoreceptors to malfunction
Benign intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus

text: Metabolic disturbances (these may irritate both the stomach and the parts of the brain that coordinate vomiting):[citation needed]

text:
Hypercalcemia (high calcium levels)
Uremia (urea accumulation, usually due to renal failure)
Adrenal insufficiency
Hypoglycemia
Hyperglycemia

text: Pregnancy:[citation needed]

text: Hyperemesis, morning sickness

text: Drug reaction (vomiting may occur as an acute somatic response to):[citation needed]

text:
alcohol (being sick while being drunk or being sick the next morning, suffering from the after-effects, i.e., the hangover)
opioids
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
many chemotherapy drugs
some entheogens (such as peyote or ayahuasca)

text: Illness (sometimes colloquially known as "stomach flu"—a broad name that refers to gastric inflammation caused by a range of viruses and bacteria):[citation needed]

text:
Norovirus (formerly Norwalk virus or Norwalk agent)
Swine influenza

text: Psychiatric/behavioral

text:
Bulimia Nervosa
Purge disorder

text: Emetics

text: An emetic, such as syrup of ipecac, is a substance that induces vomiting when administered orally or by injection. An emetic is used medically when a substance has been ingested and must be expelled from the body immediately (for this reason, many toxic and easily digestible products such as rat poison contain an emetic). Inducing vomiting can remove the substance before it is absorbed into the body. Ipecac abuse can cause detrimental health effects.[citation needed]

text: Salt water and mustard water have been used since ancient times as emetics.[11] Care must be taken with salt, as excessive intake can potentially be harmful.[12][13]

text: Copper sulfate was also used in the past as an emetic.[14][15] It is now considered too toxic for this use.[16]

text: Hydrogen peroxide is used as an emetic in veterinary practice.[17][18]

text: Social cues

text: It is quite common that, when one person vomits, others nearby become nauseated, particularly when smelling the vomit of others, often to the point of vomiting themselves. It is believed that this is an evolved trait among primates. Many primates in the wild tend to browse for food in small groups. Should one member of the party react adversely to some ingested food, it may be advantageous (in a survival sense) for other members of the party to also vomit. This tendency in human populations has been observed at drinking parties, where excessive consumption of alcoholic beverages may cause a number of party members to vomit nearly simultaneously, this being triggered by the initial vomiting of a single member of the party. This phenomenon has been touched on in popular culture: notorious instances appear in the films Monty Python's The Meaning of Life (1983) and Stand By Me (1986).[19]

text: Intense vomiting in ayahuasca ceremonies is a common phenomenon. However, people who experience "la purga" after drinking ayahuasca, in general, regard the practice as both a physical and spiritual cleanse and often come to welcome it.[20] It has been suggested that the consistent emetic effects of ayahuasca—in addition to its many other therapeutic properties—was of medicinal benefit to indigenous peoples of the Amazon, in helping to clear parasites from the gastrointestinal system.[21]

text: There have also been documented cases of a single ill and vomiting individual inadvertently causing others to vomit, when they are especially fearful of also becoming ill, through a form of mass hysteria.[citation needed]

text: Most people try to contain their vomit by vomiting into a sink, toilet, or trash can, as vomit is difficult and unpleasant to clean. On airplanes and boats, special bags are supplied for sick passengers to vomit into. A special disposable bag (leakproof, puncture-resistant, odorless) containing absorbent material that solidifies the vomit quickly is also available, making it convenient and safe to store until there is an opportunity to dispose of it conveniently.[citation needed]

text: People who vomit chronically (e.g., as part of an eating disorder such as bulimia nervosa) may devise various ways to hide this disorder.[citation needed]

text: An online study of people's responses to "horrible sounds" found vomiting "the most disgusting". Professor Trevor Cox of the University of Salford's Acoustic Research Centre said that "We are pre-programmed to be repulsed by horrible things such as vomiting, as it is fundamental to staying alive to avoid nasty stuff." It is thought that disgust is triggered by the sound of vomiting to protect those nearby from possibly diseased food.[22]

text: Miscellanea

text:
Self-induced

Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa)
To eliminate an ingested poison (some poisons should not be vomited as they may be more toxic when inhaled or aspirated; it is better to ask for help before inducing vomiting)
Some people who engage in binge drinking induce vomiting to make room in their stomachs for more alcohol consumption.
People suffering from nausea may induce vomiting in hopes of feeling better.

After surgery (postoperative nausea and vomiting)
Disagreeable sights or disgust, smells or thoughts (such as decayed matter, others' vomit, thinking of vomiting), etc.
Extreme pain, such as intense headache or myocardial infarction (heart attack)
Violent emotions
Cyclic vomiting syndrome (a poorly understood condition with attacks of vomiting)
High doses of ionizing radiation sometimes trigger a vomit reflex.
Violent fits of coughing, hiccups, or asthma
Anxiety
Depression
Overexertion (doing too much strenuous exercise can lead to vomiting shortly afterward).
Rumination syndrome, an underdiagnosed and poorly understood disorder that causes sufferers to regurgitate food shortly after ingestion.

text: Other types

text: Projectile vomiting refers to vomiting that ejects the gastric contents with great force.[23] It is a classic symptom of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, in which it typically follows feeding and can be so forceful that some material exits through the nose.[24]

text: Treatment

text: An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of medications such as opioids and chemotherapy.[citation needed]

text: Antiemetics act by inhibiting the receptor sites associated with emesis. Hence, anticholinergics, antihistamines, dopamine antagonists, serotonin antagonists, and cannabinoids are used as antiemetics.[25]

text: Evidence to support the use of antiemetics for nausea and vomiting among adults in the emergency department is poor.[26] It is unclear if any medication is better than another or better than no active treatment.[26]

text: Epidemiology

text: Nausea and/or vomiting are the main complaints in 1.6% of visits to family physicians in Australia.[27]

text: Social and cultural aspects

text: Herodotus, writing on the culture of the ancient Persians and highlighting the differences with those of the Greeks, notes that to vomit in the presence of others is prohibited among Persians.[28][29]


document_title: List of Modern Family episodes

question_text: when does the next modern family episode come out

text: List of Modern Family episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Viewers
(in millions)

1
24
September 23, 2009 (2009-09-23)
May 19, 2010 (2010-05-19)
36
9.49[2]

2
24
September 22, 2010 (2010-09-22)
May 25, 2011 (2011-05-25)
24
11.89[3]

3
24
September 21, 2011 (2011-09-21)
May 23, 2012 (2012-05-23)
15
12.93[4]

4
24
September 26, 2012 (2012-09-26)
May 22, 2013 (2013-05-22)
18
12.31[5]

5
24
September 25, 2013 (2013-09-25)
May 21, 2014 (2014-05-21)
19
11.79[6]

6
24
September 24, 2014 (2014-09-24)
May 20, 2015 (2015-05-20)
24
11.91[7]

7
22
September 23, 2015 (2015-09-23)
May 18, 2016 (2016-05-18)
36
9.83[8]

8
22
September 21, 2016 (2016-09-21)
May 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)
34
8.79[9]

9
22
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
TBA
TBA
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2009–10)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Jason Winer
Steven Levitan & Christopher Lloyd
September 23, 2009 (2009-09-23)
1ARG79
12.60[10]

2
2
"The Bicycle Thief"
Jason Winer
Bill Wrubel
September 30, 2009 (2009-09-30)
1ARG02
9.99[11]

3
3
"Come Fly with Me"
Reginald Hudlin
Dan O'Shannon
October 7, 2009 (2009-10-07)
1ARG04
8.82[12]

4
4
"The Incident"
Jason Winer
Steven Levitan
October 14, 2009 (2009-10-14)
1ARG05
9.35[13]

5
5
"Coal Digger"
Jason Winer
Christopher Lloyd
October 21, 2009 (2009-10-21)
1ARG03
8.66[14]

6
6
"Run for Your Wife"
Jason Winer
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
October 28, 2009 (2009-10-28)
1ARG01
9.32[15]

7
7
"En Garde"
Randall Einhorn
Danny Zuker
November 4, 2009 (2009-11-04)
1ARG06
8.77[16]

8
8
"Great Expectations"
Jason Winer
Joe Lawson
November 18, 2009 (2009-11-18)
1ARG07
9.16[17]

9
9
"Fizbo"
Jason Winer
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
November 25, 2009 (2009-11-25)
1ARG09
7.12[18]

10
10
"Undeck the Halls"
Randall Einhorn
Dan O'Shannon
December 9, 2009 (2009-12-09)
1ARG11
9.67[19]

11
11
"Up All Night"
Michael Spiller
Christopher Lloyd
January 6, 2010 (2010-01-06)
1ARG10
10.22[20]

12
12
"Not in My House"
Chris Koch
Caroline Williams
January 13, 2010 (2010-01-13)
1ARG08
7.83[21]

13
13
"Fifteen Percent"
Jason Winer
Steven Levitan
January 20, 2010 (2010-01-20)
1ARG12
9.83[22]

14
14
"Moon Landing"
Jason Winer
Bill Wrubel
February 3, 2010 (2010-02-03)
1ARG13
9.19[23]

15
15
"My Funky Valentine"
Michael Spiller
Jerry Collins
February 10, 2010 (2010-02-10)
1ARG16
9.84[24]

16
16
"Fears"
Reginald Hudlin
Steven Levitan
March 3, 2010 (2010-03-03)
1ARG18
8.01[25]

17
17
"Truth Be Told"
Jason Winer
Joe Lawson
March 10, 2010 (2010-03-10)
1ARG17
8.95[26]

18
18
"Starry Night"
Jason Winer
Danny Zuker
March 24, 2010 (2010-03-24)
1ARG15
9.18[27]

19
19
"Game Changer"
Kevin Sullivan
Story by : Vanessa McCarthy & Joe Lawson
Teleplay by : Joe Lawson & Alex Herschlag
March 31, 2010 (2010-03-31)
1ARG21
9.51[28]

20
20
"Benched"
Chris Koch
Danny Zuker
April 14, 2010 (2010-04-14)
1ARG20
8.88[29]

21
21
"Travels with Scout"
Seth Gordon
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
April 28, 2010 (2010-04-28)
1ARG14
10.01[30]

22
22
"Airport 2010"
Jason Winer
Dan O'Shannon & Bill Wrubel
May 5, 2010 (2010-05-05)
1ARG19
9.48[31]

23
23
"Hawaii"
Steven Levitan
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
May 12, 2010 (2010-05-12)
1ARG23
10.34[32]

24
24
"Family Portrait"
Jason Winer
Ilana Wernick
May 19, 2010 (2010-05-19)
1ARG22
10.14[33]

text: Season 2 (2010–11)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

25
1
"The Old Wagon"
Michael Spiller
Bill Wrubel
September 22, 2010 (2010-09-22)
2ARG05
12.67[34]

26
2
"The Kiss"
Scott Ellis
Abraham Higginbotham
September 29, 2010 (2010-09-29)
2ARG04
11.92[35]

27
3
"Earthquake"
Michael Spiller
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
October 6, 2010 (2010-10-06)
2ARG01
11.44[36]

28
4
"Strangers on a Treadmill"
Scott Ellis
Danny Zuker
October 13, 2010 (2010-10-13)
2ARG02
11.45[37]

29
5
"Unplugged"
Michael Spiller
Steven Levitan
October 20, 2010 (2010-10-20)
2ARG06
11.97[38]

30
6
"Halloween"
Michael Spiller
Jeffrey Richman
October 27, 2010 (2010-10-27)
2ARG09
13.14[39]

31
7
"Chirp"
Michael Spiller
Dan O'Shannon
November 3, 2010 (2010-11-03)
2ARG03
12.24[40]

32
8
"Manny Get Your Gun"
Michael Spiller
Story by : Christopher Lloyd
Teleplay by : Danny Zuker
November 17, 2010 (2010-11-17)
2ARG11
12.09[41]

33
9
"Mother Tucker"
Michael Spiller
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
November 24, 2010 (2010-11-24)
2ARG07
10.57[42]

34
10
"Dance Dance Revelation"
Gail Mancuso
Ilana Wernick
December 8, 2010 (2010-12-08)
2ARG08
11.07[43]

35
11
"Slow Down Your Neighbors"
Gail Mancuso
Ilana Wernick
January 5, 2011 (2011-01-05)
2ARG12
11.83[44]

36
12
"Our Children, Ourselves"
Adam Shankman
Dan O'Shannon & Bill Wrubel
January 12, 2011 (2011-01-12)
2ARG10
11.12[45]

37
13
"Caught in the Act"
Michael Spiller
Steven Levitan & Jeffrey Richman
January 19, 2011 (2011-01-19)
2ARG13
10.94[46]

38
14
"Bixby's Back"
Chris Koch
Danny Zuker
February 9, 2011 (2011-02-09)
2ARG16
13.16[47]

39
15
"Princess Party"
Michael Spiller
Elaine Ko
February 16, 2011 (2011-02-16)
2ARG17
10.57[48]

40
16
"Regrets Only"
Dean Parisot
Abraham Higginbotham
February 23, 2011 (2011-02-23)
2ARG14
10.17[49]

41
17
"Two Monkeys and a Panda"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Carol Leifer
March 2, 2011 (2011-03-02)
2ARG15
10.11[50]

42
18
"Boys' Night"
Chris Koch
Steven Levitan & Jeffrey Richman
March 23, 2011 (2011-03-23)
2ARG20
10.90[51]

43
19
"The Musical Man"
Michael Spiller
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
April 13, 2011 (2011-04-13)
2ARG19
9.61[52]

44
20
"Someone to Watch Over Lily"
Michael Spiller
Bill Wrubel
April 20, 2011 (2011-04-20)
2ARG18
9.95[53]

45
21
"Mother's Day"
Michael Spiller
Dan O'Shannon & Ilana Wernick
May 4, 2011 (2011-05-04)
2ARG21
9.90[54]

46
22
"Good Cop Bad Dog"
Fred Savage
Story by : Abraham Higginbotham
Teleplay by : Abraham Higginbotham & Jeffrey Richman
May 11, 2011 (2011-05-11)
2ARG22
10.15[55]

47
23
"See You Next Fall"
Steven Levitan
Danny Zuker
May 18, 2011 (2011-05-18)
2ARG24
10.30[56]

48
24
"The One That Got Away"
Jim Bagdonas
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Dan O'Shannon
May 25, 2011 (2011-05-25)
2ARG23
10.31[57]

text: Season 3 (2011–12)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

49
1
"Dude Ranch"
Jason Winer
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Dan O'Shannon
September 21, 2011 (2011-09-21)
3ARG03
14.52[58]

50
2
"When Good Kids Go Bad"
Michael Spiller
Jeffrey Richman
September 21, 2011 (2011-09-21)
3ARG02
14.54[58]

51
3
"Phil on Wire"
Jason Winer
Story by : Bianca Douglas & Danny Zuker
Teleplay by : Danny Zuker
September 28, 2011 (2011-09-28)
3ARG01
13.45[59]

52
4
"Door to Door"
Chris Koch
Bill Wrubel
October 5, 2011 (2011-10-05)
3ARG04
13.24[60]

53
5
"Hit and Run"
Jason Winer
Elaine Ko
October 12, 2011 (2011-10-12)
3ARG06
13.65[61]

54
6
"Go Bullfrogs!"
Scott Ellis
Abraham Higginbotham
October 19, 2011 (2011-10-19)
3ARG07
13.04[62]

55
7
"Treehouse"
Jason Winer
Steven Levitan
November 2, 2011 (2011-11-02)
3ARG08
13.37[63]

56
8
"After the Fire"
Fred Savage
Danny Zuker
November 16, 2011 (2011-11-16)
3ARG09
12.91[64]

57
9
"Punkin Chunkin"
Michael Spiller
Ben Karlin
November 23, 2011 (2011-11-23)
3ARG05
12.72[65]

58
10
"Express Christmas"
Michael Spiller
Cindy Chupack
December 7, 2011 (2011-12-07)
3ARG10
12.20[66]

59
11
"Lifetime Supply"
Chris Koch
Jeffrey Richman & Bill Wrubel
January 4, 2012 (2012-01-04)
3ARG11
14.03[67]

60
12
"Egg Drop"
Jason Winer
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
January 11, 2012 (2012-01-11)
3ARG12
12.12[68]

61
13
"Little Bo Bleep"
Chris Koch
Cindy Chupack
January 18, 2012 (2012-01-18)
3ARG14
11.89[69]

62
14
"Me? Jealous?"
Michael Spiller
Ben Karlin
February 8, 2012 (2012-02-08)
3ARG13
12.90[70]

63
15
"Aunt Mommy"
Michael Spiller
Abraham Higginbotham & Dan O'Shannon
February 15, 2012 (2012-02-15)
3ARG15
11.23[71]

64
16
"Virgin Territory"
Jason Winer
Elaine Ko
February 22, 2012 (2012-02-22)
3ARG17
11.54[72]

65
17
"Leap Day"
Gail Mancuso
Danny Zuker
February 29, 2012 (2012-02-29)
3ARG19
11.63[73]

66
18
"Send Out the Clowns"
Steven Levitan
Steven Levitan & Jeffrey Richman & Bill Wrubel
March 14, 2012 (2012-03-14)
3ARG16
10.60[74]

67
19
"Election Day"
Bryan Cranston
Ben Karlin
April 11, 2012 (2012-04-11)
3ARG20
10.35[75]

68
20
"The Last Walt"
Michael Spiller
Dan O'Shannon & Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
April 18, 2012 (2012-04-18)
3ARG21
10.21[76]

69
21
"Planes, Trains and Cars"
Michael Spiller
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
May 2, 2012 (2012-05-02)
3ARG18
10.06[77]

70
22
"Disneyland"
James Bagdonas
Cindy Chupack
May 9, 2012 (2012-05-09)
3ARG22
10.58[78]

71
23
"Tableau Vivant"
Gail Mancuso
Elaine Ko & Jeffrey Richman & Bill Wrubel
May 16, 2012 (2012-05-16)
3ARG23
9.36[79]

72
24
"Baby on Board"
Steven Levitan
Abraham Higginbotham
May 23, 2012 (2012-05-23)
3ARG24
10.07[80]

text: Season 4 (2012–13)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

73
1
"Bringing Up Baby"
Steven Levitan
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
September 26, 2012 (2012-09-26)
4ARG01
14.44[81]

74
2
"Schooled"
Jeff Melman
Steven Levitan & Dan O'Shannon
October 10, 2012 (2012-10-10)
4ARG03
12.08[82]

75
3
"Snip"
Gail Mancuso
Danny Zuker
October 10, 2012 (2012-10-10)
4ARG02
12.31[82]

76
4
"The Butler's Escape"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Bill Wrubel
October 17, 2012 (2012-10-17)
4ARG04
12.28[83]

77
5
"Open House of Horrors"
Jim Bagdonas
Elaine Ko
October 24, 2012 (2012-10-24)
4ARG06
12.52[84]

78
6
"Yard Sale"
Gail Mancuso
Abraham Higginbotham
October 31, 2012 (2012-10-31)
4ARG05
10.62[85]

79
7
"Arrested"
Gail Mancuso
Becky Mann & Audra Sielaff
November 7, 2012 (2012-11-07)
4ARG07
12.43[86]

80
8
"Mistery Date"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Jeffrey Richman
November 14, 2012 (2012-11-14)
4ARG08
11.89[87]

81
9
"When a Tree Falls"
Steven Levitan
Ben Karlin
November 28, 2012 (2012-11-28)
4ARG09
12.01[88]

82
10
"Diamond in the Rough"
Gail Mancuso
Dan O'Shannon & Becky Mann & Audra Sielaff
December 12, 2012 (2012-12-12)
4ARG11
10.94[89]

83
11
"New Year's Eve"
Fred Goss
Abraham Higginbotham & Jeffrey Richman
January 9, 2013 (2013-01-09)
4ARG13
12.04[90]

84
12
"Party Crasher"
Fred Savage
Danny Zuker & Christopher Lloyd
January 16, 2013 (2013-01-16)
4ARG10
11.01[91]

85
13
"Fulgencio"
Lev L. Spiro
Bill Wrubel
January 23, 2013 (2013-01-23)
4ARG12
10.83[92]

86
14
"A Slight at the Opera"
Jim Bagdonas
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
February 6, 2013 (2013-02-06)
4ARG14
9.83[93]

87
15
"Heart Broken"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Danny Zuker
February 13, 2013 (2013-02-13)
4ARG18
10.05[94]

88
16
"Bad Hair Day"
Gail Mancuso
Elaine Ko
February 20, 2013 (2013-02-20)
4ARG16
10.62[95]

89
17
"Best Men"
Steven Levitan
Story by : Dan O'Shannon & Abraham Higginbotham & Bianca Douglas
Teleplay by : Dan O'Shannon & Abraham Higginbotham
February 27, 2013 (2013-02-27)
4ARG15
10.53[96]

90
18
"The Wow Factor"
Steven Levitan
Ben Karlin
March 27, 2013 (2013-03-27)
4ARG17
9.09[97]

91
19
"The Future Dunphys"
Ryan Case
Elaine Ko
April 3, 2013 (2013-04-03)
4ARG20
10.88[98]

92
20
"Flip Flop"
Gail Mancuso
Jeffrey Richman & Bill Wrubel
April 10, 2013 (2013-04-10)
4ARG19
10.38[99]

93
21
"Career Day"
Jim Hensz
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
May 1, 2013 (2013-05-01)
4ARG21
9.64[100]

94
22
"My Hero"
Gail Mancuso
Abraham Higginbotham
May 8, 2013 (2013-05-08)
4ARG22
9.02[101]

95
23
"Games People Play"
Alisa Statman
Story by : Danny Zuker
Teleplay by : Ben Karlin
May 15, 2013 (2013-05-15)
4ARG24
10.03[102]

96
24
"Goodnight Gracie"
Steven Levitan
Steven Levitan & Jeffrey Richman
May 22, 2013 (2013-05-22)
4ARG23
10.01[103]

text: Season 5 (2013–14)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

97
1
"Suddenly, Last Summer"
James Bagdonas
Jeffrey Richman
September 25, 2013 (2013-09-25)
5ARG01
11.71 [104]

98
2
"First Days"
Steven Levitan
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
September 25, 2013 (2013-09-25)
5ARG02
11.65[104]

99
3
"Larry's Wife"
Jeffrey Walker
Bill Wrubel
October 2, 2013 (2013-10-02)
5ARG05
11.12[105]

100
4
"Farm Strong"
Alisa Statman
Elaine Ko
October 9, 2013 (2013-10-09)
5ARG04
10.64[106]

101
5
"The Late Show"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Abraham Higginbotham
October 16, 2013 (2013-10-16)
5ARG06
10.94[107]

102
6
"The Help"
Jim Hensz
Danny Zuker
October 23, 2013 (2013-10-23)
5ARG07
10.32[108]

103
7
"A Fair to Remember"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Emily Spivey
November 13, 2013 (2013-11-13)
5ARG09
10.75[109]

104
8
"ClosetCon '13"
Fred Savage
Ben Karlin
November 20, 2013 (2013-11-20)
5ARG08
10.19[110]

105
9
"The Big Game"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Megan Ganz
December 4, 2013 (2013-12-04)
5ARG03
9.47[111]

106
10
"The Old Man & the Tree"
Bryan Cranston
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
December 11, 2013 (2013-12-11)
5ARG10
10.61[112]

107
11
"And One to Grow On"
Gail Mancuso
Jeffrey Richman
January 8, 2014 (2014-01-08)
5ARG12
9.51[113]

108
12
"Under Pressure"
James Bagdonas
Elaine Ko
January 15, 2014 (2014-01-15)
5ARG11
9.14[114]

109
13
"Three Dinners"
Steven Levitan
Abraham Higginbotham, Steven Levitan & Jeffrey Richman
January 22, 2014 (2014-01-22)
5ARG15
9.59[115]

110
14
"iSpy"
Gail Mancuso
Abraham Higginbotham
February 5, 2014 (2014-02-05)
5ARG13
9.87[116]

111
15
"The Feud"
Ryan Case
Story by : Christopher Lloyd
Teleplay by : Dan O'Shannon
February 26, 2014 (2014-02-26)
5ARG14
8.52[117]

112
16
"Spring-a-Ding-Fling"
Gail Mancuso
Ben Karlin
March 5, 2014 (2014-03-05)
5ARG16
9.22[118]

113
17
"Other People's Children"
Jim Hensz
Megan Ganz
March 12, 2014 (2014-03-12)
5ARG17
9.39[119]

114
18
"Las Vegas"
Gail Mancuso
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Bill Wrubel
March 26, 2014 (2014-03-26)
5ARG18
10.09[120]

115
19
"A Hard Jay's Night"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Megan Ganz & Ben Karlin
April 2, 2014 (2014-04-02)
5ARG20
9.00[121]

116
20
"Australia"
Steven Levitan
Elaine Ko & Danny Zuker
April 23, 2014 (2014-04-23)
5ARG21
9.59[122]

117
21
"Sleeper"
Ryan Case
Paul Corrigan, Brad Walsh & Bill Wrubel
April 30, 2014 (2014-04-30)
5ARG22
8.39[123]

118
22
"Message Received"
Jeffrey Walker
Steven Levitan
May 7, 2014 (2014-05-07)
5ARG19
8.55[124]

119
23
"The Wedding (Part 1)"
Steven Levitan
Abraham Higginbotham, Ben Karlin & Jeffrey Richman
May 14, 2014 (2014-05-14)
5ARG23
9.08[125]

120
24
"The Wedding (Part 2)"
Alisa Statman
Megan Ganz, Christopher Lloyd & Dan O'Shannon
May 21, 2014 (2014-05-21)
5ARG24
10.45[126]

text: Season 6 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

121
1
"The Long Honeymoon"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Danny Zuker
September 24, 2014 (2014-09-24)
6ARG01
11.38[127]

122
2
"Do Not Push"
Gail Mancuso
Megan Ganz
October 1, 2014 (2014-10-01)
6ARG02
10.56[128]

123
3
"The Cold"
Jim Hensz
Rick Wiener & Kenny Schwartz
October 8, 2014 (2014-10-08)
6ARG03
10.30[129]

124
4
"Marco Polo"
Fred Savage
Elaine Ko
October 15, 2014 (2014-10-15)
6ARG05
9.71[130]

125
5
"Won't You Be Our Neighbor"
Gail Mancuso
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
October 22, 2014 (2014-10-22)
6ARG04
10.16[131]

126
6
"Halloween 3: AwesomeLand"
Gail Mancuso
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Abraham Higginbotham
October 29, 2014 (2014-10-29)
6ARG06
9.92[132]

127
7
"Queer Eyes, Full Hearts"
Jason Winer
Stephen Lloyd
November 12, 2014 (2014-11-12)
6ARG08
9.83[133]

128
8
"Three Turkeys"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Jeffrey Richman
November 19, 2014 (2014-11-19)
6ARG09
10.88[134]

129
9
"Strangers in the Night"
Fred Savage
Chuck Tatham
December 3, 2014 (2014-12-03)
6ARG07
9.02[135]

130
10
"Haley's 21st Birthday"
Alisa Statman
Abraham Higginbotham
December 10, 2014 (2014-12-10)
6ARG10
9.69[136]

131
11
"The Day We Almost Died"
James Bagdonas
Danny Zuker
January 7, 2015 (2015-01-07)
6ARG13
9.29[137]

132
12
"The Big Guns"
Jeffrey Walker
Vali Chandrasekaran
January 14, 2015 (2015-01-14)
6ARG14
9.44[138]

133
13
"Rash Decisions"
Jim Hensz
Story by : Anthony Lombardo & Clint McCray
Teleplay by : Daisy Gardner
February 4, 2015 (2015-02-04)
6ARG16
9.87[139]

134
14
"Valentine's Day 4: Twisted Sister"
Fred Savage
Jeffrey Richman
February 11, 2015 (2015-02-11)
6ARG15
9.77[140]

135
15
"Fight or Flight"
Steven Levitan
Abraham Higginbotham
February 18, 2015 (2015-02-18)
6ARG18
8.80[141]

136
16
"Connection Lost"
Steven Levitan
Steven Levitan & Megan Ganz
February 25, 2015 (2015-02-25)
6ARG12
9.32[142]

137
17
"Closet? You'll Love It!"
Ryan Case
Elaine Ko
March 4, 2015 (2015-03-04)
6ARG11
9.61[143]

138
18
"Spring Break"
Gail Mancuso
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
March 25, 2015 (2015-03-25)
6ARG17
8.71[144]

139
19
"Grill, Interrupted"
James Bagdonas
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh & Jeffrey Richman
April 1, 2015 (2015-04-01)
6ARG21
9.43[145]

140
20
"Knock 'Em Down"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Rick Wiener & Kenny Schwartz
April 22, 2015 (2015-04-22)
6ARG20
8.85[146]

141
21
"Integrity"
Chris Koch
Stephen Lloyd & Chuck Tatham
April 29, 2015 (2015-04-29)
6ARG19
8.00[147]

142
22
"Patriot Games"
Alisa Statman
Vali Chandrasekaran
May 6, 2015 (2015-05-06)
6ARG22
8.57[148]

143
23
"Crying Out Loud"
Ryan Case
Megan Ganz & Stephen Lloyd & Chuck Tatham
May 13, 2015 (2015-05-13)
6ARG23
8.13[149]

144
24
"American Skyper"
Steven Levitan
Elaine Ko
May 20, 2015 (2015-05-20)
6ARG24
7.20[150]

text: Season 7 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

145
1
"Summer Lovin'"
Jim Hensz
Abraham Higginbotham
September 23, 2015 (2015-09-23)
7ARG01
9.46[151]

146
2
"The Day Alex Left for College"
Jeffrey Walker
Danny Zuker
September 30, 2015 (2015-09-30)
7ARG02
8.72[152]

147
3
"The Closet Case"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
October 7, 2015 (2015-10-07)
7ARG03
7.99[153]

148
4
"She Crazy"
Gail Mancuso
Elaine Ko
October 14, 2015 (2015-10-14)
7ARG04
7.88[154]

149
5
"The Verdict"
Alisa Statman
Chuck Tatham
October 21, 2015 (2015-10-21)
7ARG05
7.80[155]

150
6
"The More You Ignore Me"
Gail Mancuso
Vali Chandrasekaran
November 11, 2015 (2015-11-11)
7ARG06
8.15[156]

151
7
"Phil's Sexy, Sexy House"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Stephen Lloyd
November 18, 2015 (2015-11-18)
7ARG08
8.38[157]

152
8
"Clean Out Your Junk Drawer"
Steven Levitan
Steven Levitan
December 2, 2015 (2015-12-02)
7ARG07
7.35[158]

153
9
"White Christmas"
Gail Mancuso
Andy Gordon & Jon Pollack
December 9, 2015 (2015-12-09)
7ARG11
8.20[159]

154
10
"Playdates"
Claire Scanlon
Jeffrey Richman
January 6, 2016 (2016-01-06)
7ARG09
8.35[160]

155
11
"Spread Your Wings"
James Bagdonas
Vanessa McCarthy & Ryan Walls
January 13, 2016 (2016-01-13)
7ARG10
8.17[161]

156
12
"Clean for a Day"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
February 10, 2016 (2016-02-10)
7ARG13
7.80[162]

157
13
"Thunk in the Trunk"
Phil Traill
Elaine Ko
February 17, 2016 (2016-02-17)
7ARG12
7.48[163]

158
14
"The Storm"
James Bagdonas
Danny Zuker
February 24, 2016 (2016-02-24)
7ARG16
8.10[164]

159
15
"I Don't Know How She Does It"
Ryan Case
Jeffrey Richman
March 2, 2016 (2016-03-02)
7ARG14
8.22[165]

160
16
"The Cover-Up"
Jim Hensz
Chuck Tatham
March 16, 2016 (2016-03-16)
7ARG15
8.14[166]

161
17
"Express Yourself"
Alisa Statman
Abraham Higginbotham
March 23, 2016 (2016-03-23)
7ARG18
7.69[167]

162
18
"The Party"
Steven Levitan
Vali Chandrasekaran
April 6, 2016 (2016-04-06)
7ARG17
7.51[168]

163
19
"Man Shouldn't Lie"
Gail Mancuso
Andy Gordon
April 13, 2016 (2016-04-13)
7ARG19
7.44[169]

164
20
"Promposal"
Ken Whittingham
Stephen Lloyd
May 4, 2016 (2016-05-04)
7ARG20
7.42[170]

165
21
"Crazy Train"
Jim Hensz
Jon Pollack & Ryan Walls
May 11, 2016 (2016-05-11)
7ARG21
7.16[171]

166
22
"Double Click"
James Bagdonas
Elaine Ko
May 18, 2016 (2016-05-18)
7ARG22
6.79[172]

text: Season 8 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

167
1
"A Tale of Three Cities"
Chris Koch
Elaine Ko
September 21, 2016 (2016-09-21)
8ARG01
8.24[173]

168
2
"A Stereotypical Day"
Ryan Case
Vali Chandrasekaran
September 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)
8ARG03
7.41[174]

169
3
"Blindsided"
Jim Hensz
Christy Stratton & Danny Zuker
October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05)
8ARG02
6.97[175]

170
4
"Weathering Heights"
Gail Mancuso
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
October 12, 2016 (2016-10-12)
8ARG04
7.50[176]

171
5
"Halloween IV: Revenge of Rod Skyhook"
Chris Koch
Stephen Lloyd
October 26, 2016 (2016-10-26)
8ARG06
7.38[177]

172
6
"Grab It"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Jeffrey Richman
November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09)
8ARG05
7.23[178]

173
7
"Thanksgiving Jamboree"
Steven Levitan
Jon Pollack & Chuck Tatham
November 16, 2016 (2016-11-16)
8ARG08
7.33[179]

174
8
"The Alliance"
James Bagdonas
Andy Gordon & Ryan Walls
November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)
8ARG09
6.81[180]

175
9
"Snow Ball"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Christy Stratton & Stephen Lloyd
December 14, 2016 (2016-12-14)
8ARG10
6.81[181]

176
10
"Ringmaster Keifth"
Jim Hensz
Vali Chandrasekaran
January 4, 2017 (2017-01-04)
8ARG11
7.57[182]

177
11
"Sarge & Pea"
James Bagdonas
Abraham Higginbotham
January 11, 2017 (2017-01-11)
8ARG07
7.59[183]

178
12
"Do You Believe in Magic"
Gail Mancuso
Jon Pollack
February 8, 2017 (2017-02-08)
8ARG15
7.34[184]

179
13
"Do It Yourself"
Jeffrey Walker
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
February 15, 2017 (2017-02-15)
8ARG12
6.92[185]

180
14
"Heavy is the Head"
Ken Whittingham
Danny Zuker
February 22, 2017 (2017-02-22)
8ARG14
6.65[186]

181
15
"Finding Fizbo"
James Bagdonas
Abraham Higginbotham & Chuck Tatham
March 1, 2017 (2017-03-01)
8ARG16
6.41[187]

182
16
"Basketball"
Jim Hensz
Elaine Ko
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
8ARG13
6.49[188]

183
17
"Pig Moon Rising"
Chris Koch
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
March 15, 2017 (2017-03-15)
8ARG17
6.12[189]

184
18
"Five Minutes"
Gail Mancuso
Elaine Ko
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)
8ARG18
6.79[190]

185
19
"Frank's Wedding"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Andy Gordon
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)
8ARG19
6.25[191]

186
20
"All Things Being Equal"
Michelle MacLaren
Christy Stratton & Ryan Walls
May 3, 2017 (2017-05-03)
8ARG20
5.65[192]

187
21
"Alone Time"
Jim Hensz
Abraham Higginbotham, Stephen Lloyd & Danny Zuker
May 10, 2017 (2017-05-10)
8ARG21
5.71[193]

188
22
"The Graduates"
Steven Levitan
Jon Pollack, Jeffrey Richman & Chuck Tatham
May 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)
8ARG22
6.20[194]

text: Season 9 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

189
1
"Lake Life"
James Bagdonas
Elaine Ko
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
9ARG03
7.01[195]

190
2
"The Long Goodbye"
Jim Hensz
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
October 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)
9ARG02
6.36[196]

191
3
"Catch of the Day"
Fred Savage
Jeffrey Richman
October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)
9ARG01
6.27[197]

192
4
"Sex, Lies and Kickball"
John Riggi
Abraham Higginbotham
October 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)
9ARG05
6.22[198]

193
5
"It's the Great Pumpkin, Phil Dunphy"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Jon Pollack
October 25, 2017 (2017-10-25)
9ARG04
5.96[199]

194
6
"Ten Years Later"
Fred Savage
Danny Zuker
November 1, 2017 (2017-11-01)
9ARG08
5.51[200]

195
7
"Winner Winner Turkey Dinner"
Beth McCarthy-Miller
Bill Wrubel
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
9ARG06
5.96[201]

196
8
"Brushes with Celebrity"
Jeffrey Walker
Vali Chandrasekaran
November 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
9ARG09
6.15[202]

197
9
"Tough Love"
John Riggi
Stephen Lloyd
December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)
9ARG10
5.81[203]

198
10
"No Small Feet"
James Bagdonas
Teleplay by: Ryan Walls
Story by: Ryan Walls & Matt Plonsker
December 13, 2017 (2017-12-13)
9ARG07
5.89[204]

199
11
"He Said, She Shed"
Jim Hensz
Jeffrey Richman & Ryan Walls
January 3, 2018 (2018-01-03)
9ARG11
5.90[205]

200
12
"Dear Beloved Family"
Gail Mancuso
Bill Wrubel
January 10, 2018 (2018-01-10)
9ARG12
5.81[206]

201
13
"In Your Head"
Steven Levitan
Jack Burditt
January 17, 2018 (2018-01-17)
9ARG13
6.24[207]

202
14
"Written in the Stars"
Jaffar Mahmood
Abraham Higginbotham & Jon Pollack
February 28, 2018 (2018-02-28)
9ARG15
4.96[208]

203
15
"Spanks for the Memories"[209]
James Bagdonas
Paul Corrigan & Brad Walsh
March 7, 2018 (2018-03-07)
9ARG14
TBD

204
16
"Wine Weekend"[210]
TBA
TBA
March 21, 2018 (2018-03-21)
9ARG16
TBD


document_title: Wouldn't It Be Nice

question_text: who sings lead on wouldnt it be nice

question_tokens: who sings lead on wouldnt it be nice

text: Wouldn't It Be Nice

text: Background[edit]

text: Tony Asher credits the song's idea to Brian Wilson: "The innocence of the situation — being too young to get married — seemed to be immensely appealing to him."[6] Wilson composed the music, while the lyrics were written almost entirely by Asher over the course of one or two days. Mike Love's contribution was the ending couplet "Good night my baby / sleep tight my baby".[4]

text: Love's contributions are disputed by some. He has claimed that he revised or added other lyrics beyond the ending tag, while Asher asserted it was not possible due to Love's absence during songwriting sessions. Since he was touring with the group in Japan while the Pet Sounds album was being composed, Love's attorney proposed that it may have been possible that Brian consulted Love by telephone during occasional bathroom breaks. Asher, believing the argument was "so absurd," responded with incredulity.[7] Love did not receive an official co-writing credit on the song until after 1994.[citation needed]

text: Composition[edit]

text: Earlier Beach Boys songs celebrated adolescent fun and teenage love; "Wouldn't It Be Nice" subverts this convention in its very first lyric: "wouldn't it be nice if we were older".[8] In the Endless Harmony documentary, Wilson described the song as "what children everywhere go through ... wouldn't it be nice if we were older, or could run away and get married".[full citation needed] Wilson added in 1996, "'Wouldn't It Be Nice' was not a real long song, but it's a very 'up' song. It expresses the frustrations of youth, what you can't have, what you really want and you have to wait for it."[9] The song expresses "the need to have the freedom to live with somebody," according to Brian. "The idea is, the more we talk about it, the more we want it, but let's talk about it anyway. Let's talk it over, let's talk about what we might have if we really got down to it."[4][10] Asher has said that Wilson was "constantly looking for topics that kids could relate to. Even though he was dealing in the most advanced score-charts and arrangements, he was still incredibly conscious of this commercial thing. This absolute need to relate."[11] Music journalist Nick Kent responds:

text: To this effect, "Wouldn't It Be Nice", the song that would lead off their finished creation, was little more than a sophisticated lay-off on the old "We're too young to get married" teen angst dialogue that Wilson had already zeroed in on in "We'll Run Away", the song he'd written a year or so back with Gary Usher, not to mention his plaintively fulsome reinterpretation of the Four Teens' vintage heartbreaker "I'm So Young". But this time Brian Wilson was out to eclipse these previous sonic soap operas, to transform the subject's sappy sentiments with a God-like grace so that the song would become a veritable pocket symphony: two minutes of limpid harps imitating a teenage heartstrings in a tug of love, growling horns, joyous little bells, cascading strings, harmonies so complex they seemed to have more in common with a Catholic Mass than any cocktail lounge acappella doo-wop—in short, a fantasy island of the most exquisite musical longing imaginable.[11]

text: "Wouldn't It Be Nice" begins with an eight-beat introduction in the key of A major.[12] Following a single drum hit, the song shifts to the remote flat submediant key of F. Classical composer John Adams called this key change "nothing new in the classical or jazz world, but appearing here in the context of a standard rock-and-roll song, it felt novel and fresh. More than any other songwriter of that era, Brian Wilson understood the value of harmonic surprise."[12] The verse bass line was inspired by the Ronettes' "Be My Baby" (1963).[13] Another section is bitonal through a bass line playing in D major. This feature was mistaken as an error by bassist Lyle Ritz, as he explains: "[The] rest of the band was in another key. I knew that was wrong. So during a break, I looked at everybody else's music to see if it was a mistake. Because you can't do that. But he [Brian] pulled it off."[14] The song uses a ritardando before its bridge, a device that doesn't often appear in pop music, but does in classical music.[15] When the bridge is entered, the song modulates down a minor third from F to D major; this same key change from F to D also occurs in "Let's Go Away for Awhile", another Wilson composition from Pet Sounds.[16]

text: Recording[edit]

text:
Backing track of "Wouldn't It Be Nice"

An excerpt of the section leading into the bridge via tempo modulation. The distinctive harp-like instrument is a detuned 12-string guitar run directly into the console with added reverb.[15]

Vocals of "Wouldn't It Be Nice"

Isolated vocals-only excerpt taken from the song's bridge and coda.

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text: The instrumental track was recorded at Gold Star Studios on January 22, 1966.[17] The session was engineered by Larry Levine and produced by Brian Wilson. It took 21 takes of recording the instrumental track before Brian deemed it the master.[citation needed] The musicians present on that day were a group of Los Angeles session players commonly referred to as The Wrecking Crew. Wilson says, "Listen for the rockin' accordions and the ethereal guitars in the introduction. Tony and I had visualized a scene. We had a feeling in our hearts, like a vibration. We put it into music, and it found its way onto tape. We really felt good about that record."[18] During the recording, the two guitarists who played the intro were plugged directly into the mixing board, and no one in the studio could hear them. Drummer Hal Blaine was required to wear a pair of over-the-ear headphones so that he could signal the rest of the band.[19]

text: The vocals were recorded over two sessions at Columbia engineered by Ralph Balantin.[citation needed] The first vocal session took place on March 10, which also saw vocal work on "I'm Waiting for the Day", "God Only Knows" and "I Just Wasn't Made for These Times".[17] The next session around a month later on April 11 was most likely the session at which the lead vocal for the song was recorded. Vocals for "God Only Knows" were also worked on at that particular session.[17]

text: The backing vocal sessions were problematic, as Bruce Johnston recalled, "We re-recorded our vocals so many times, [but] the rhythm was never right. We would slave at Western for a few days, singing this thing, and [Brian would say], 'No, it's not right, it's not right.' One time, he had a 4-track Scully [tape recorder] sent to his home, but that didn't really work out."[4] During sessions, Brian taught brother Dennis Wilson a recording technique involving cupping his hands over his mouth, elaborating: "Well, he had a lot of trouble singing on mike. He just didn't really know how to stay on mike. He was a very nervous boy. Very nervous person. So I taught him a trick, how to record and he said, 'Hey Brian. That works great. Thank you!' And I said, 'It's okay, Dennis: He was really happy. I showed him—not how to sing, but I showed him a way to get the best out of himself—just 'cup' singing."[9]

text: Release history[edit]

text: On July 18, "Wouldn't It Be Nice" was released backed with "God Only Knows" in the United States, which was the third single from the Pet Sounds album, released two months before.[17] It entered the Billboard chart on July 30 and remained there for 11 weeks, peaking at number 8 in September 1966.[20] The single also peaked at number 7 on the Cashbox chart and #5 in Record World. It also peaked at number 4 on Canada's RPM national chart. In Australia, the song was released in August 1966. It entered the charts on August 24 at number 39 and spent 17 weeks on the charts, peaking at number 2.[21] In New Zealand, the single peaked at number 12.[22]

text: In the United Kingdom, the song was released in July 1966 as the B-side of "God Only Knows",[23] which reached number 2. The song was reissued in November 1966 in the UK on the God Only Knows EP.[23] In July 1976 It was reissued again in the UK as the B-side of the re-issued "Good Vibrations" single. The single peaked at number 18.[citation needed]

text: Variations[edit]

text:
"Wouldn't It Be Nice (Live)"

Single by The Beach Boys

from the album Live In London

Released
1971 (1971)

Songwriter(s)

Brian Wilson
Tony Asher
Mike Love

The Beach Boys singles chronology

"Cool, Cool Water"
(1971)
"Wouldn't It Be Nice (Live)"
(1971)
"Long Promised Road"
(1971)

"Cool, Cool Water"
(1971)
"Wouldn't It Be Nice" (Live)
(1971)
"Long Promised Road"
(1971)"

text: Live versions appear on two of the band's live albums. The 1970 release Live In London and the 1973 release The Beach Boys in Concert, the former was released as a single.[citation needed] On the 1986 Made in U.S.A. compilation, an alternate version with different vocals was used.[citation needed] That same version was also released on the 1989 Beach Boys album Still Cruisin'.[citation needed] In June 1990, a different recording of the song from 1966 that had appeared on the 1989 Still Cruisin' album was released in the United Kingdom as a single with the B-side featuring a "Beach Boys Medley" as well as the original recording of "I Get Around", which had also been released on the Still Cruisin' album.[citation needed]

text: The song appears on several occasions from different stages of the recording process and in different formats on The Pet Sounds Sessions box set, including the song in its original monophonic mix; the first ever original stereo mix of the song, which was remastered by Mark Linett; over seven minutes of highlights from the tracking date, which documents the progress of the recording of the instrumental track; the finished instrumental track; the stereo track with the background vocals; an a cappella mix of the song; and two alternate mixes of the song one of which has a slight difference lyrically. In it, the song begins with the line "wouldn't it be nice to live together, in the kind of world where we belong", instead of the finished version of the song which opens with the line "wouldn't it be nice if we were older, then we wouldn't have to wait so long" and follows with the aforementioned lyric. The 2001 stereo remix of the song restores Mike Love's original bridge vocal, utilizing a mono mix, which causes slight phasing and sound quality issues.

text: The full recording of the instrumental track with all 21 takes can be heard on the bootleg Sea Of Tunes Unsurpassed Masters series Vol. 13 box set.[24][better source needed]

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Weekly charts

Chart (1966)
Peak
position

Australian Singles Chart[25]
2

Canadian Singles Chart[26]
4

New Zealand Singles Chart[27]
12

U.S. Billboard Hot 100[28]
8

U.S. Cash Box Top 100[29]
7

Year-end charts

Chart (1966)
Rank

U.S. (Joel Whitburn's Pop Annual)[30]
101

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Per Alan Boyd and Craig Slowinski,[31] except where otherwise noted.

text:
Brian Wilson – lead vocals
Mike Love – lead vocals
Al Jardine – backing vocals[not in citation given]
Bruce Johnston – backing vocals[not in citation given]
Carl Wilson – backing vocals[not in citation given]
Dennis Wilson – backing vocals[not in citation given]

text:
Hal Blaine – drums
Frank Capp – percussion, bells, timpani
Roy Caton – trumpet
Jerry Cole – guitar (detuned 12-string guitar[15])
Steve Douglas – tenor saxophone
Carl Fortina – accordion
Plas Johnson – tenor saxophone
Carol Kaye – electric bass
Barney Kessel – guitar (mando-guitar[32])
Larry Knechtel – tack piano
Larry Levine – engineer (instrumental session)
Al de Lory – piano
Frank Marocco – accordion
Jay Migliori – baritone saxophone
Bill Pitman – guitar
Ray Pohlman – Danelectro bass
Lyle Ritz – string bass
Ralph Valentin – engineer (vocal session)

text: Cover versions[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
1975 – Anni-Frid Lyngstad, Frida ensam (as "Skulle de' va' skönt" with Swedish lyrics by Marie Bergman)
1975 – Mike Post
1985 – Papa Doo Run Run, California Project
1997 – Jeffrey Osborne, Wouldn't It Be Nice: A Jazz Portrait Of Brian Wilson
2001 – Elton John with Brian Wilson, An All-Star Tribute to Brian Wilson
2002 – Jan Krist, Making God Smile
2003 – Force
2004 – Makihara Noriyuki, Beach Boys Best of Tribute
2012 – Foster The People at the 54th Grammy Awards
2012 – Saint Etienne, MOJO Presents Pet Sounds Revisited
2013 – The Duke of Norfolk, Mint 400 Records Presents The Beach Boys Pet Sounds
2013 – Alex Chilton, Electricity By Candlelight


document_title: They Can't Take That Away from Me

question_text: who wrote they cant take that away from me

text: They Can't Take That Away from Me

text: "They Can't Take That Away from Me" is a 1937 jazz song (see 1937 in music) written by George Gershwin and Ira Gershwin and introduced by Fred Astaire in the 1937 film Shall We Dance.

text: Overview[edit]

text: The song is performed by Astaire on the foggy deck of the ferry from New Jersey to Manhattan. It is sung to Ginger Rogers, who remains silent listening throughout. No dance sequence follows, which was unusual for the Astaire-Rogers numbers. Astaire and Rogers did dance to it later in their last movie The Barkleys of Broadway (1949) in which they played a married couple with marital issues. The song, in the context of Shall We Dance, notes some of the things that Peter (Astaire) will miss about Linda (Rogers). The lyrics include "the way you wear your hat, the way you sip your tea", and "the way you hold your knife, the way we danced till three." Each verse is followed by the line "no, no, they can't take that away from me." The basic meaning of the song is that even if the lovers part, though physically separated the memories cannot be forced from them. Thus it is a song of mixed joy and sadness.

text: The verse references the song "The Song Is Ended (but the Melody Lingers On)" by Irving Berlin:

text: George Gershwin died two months after the film's release, and he was posthumously nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Song at the 1937 Oscars.

text: The song is featured in Kenneth Branagh's musical version of Shakespeare's Love's Labour's Lost (2000), in Stephen Herek's Mr. Holland's Opus (1995), and in Barry Levinson's Rain Man (1988). The melodic hardcore band Strung Out also sampled the song for the intro of "Analog", the opening track on their 2004 album Exile in Oblivion.

text: Notable recordings[edit]

text:
Fred Astaire – recorded March 18, 1937 with Johnny Green and His Orchestra, LA 1272-B – 3:06
Billie Holiday – recorded in New York on June 30, 1937, Columbia C3L 37 – 3:03
Bing Crosby (recorded November 12, 1947)[1] – included in the album Bing Crosby Sings Songs by George Gershwin.
Charlie Parker – Charlie Parker with Strings (1949)
Frank Sinatra – Songs for Young Lovers (1954 EP, 1962), Sinatra and Swingin' Brass (1962)
Sarah Vaughan – Sarah Vaughan with Clifford Brown (1954), Swingin' Easy (1957), Gershwin Live! (1982)
Erroll Garner – Concert by the Sea (1955)
Ella Fitzgerald and Louis Armstrong – Ella and Louis (1956)
Perry Como – We Get Letters (1957)
Anita O'Day – Anita Sings the Most (1957)
Lester Young – Laughin' to Keep from Cryin' (1958)
Shirley Bassey – The Fabulous Shirley Bassey (1959)
Ella Fitzgerald – Ella Fitzgerald Sings the George and Ira Gershwin Songbook (1959)
Julie London – Your Number Please (1959), By Myself (1965)
Nancy Walker performed the song on The Muppet Show (1977/78)
June Christy – A Lovely Way to Spend an Evening (1986)
Mel Torme - Mel Torme sings Fred Astaire (1956)
Patti Austin – The Real Me (1988)
Tuck & Patti – Love Warriors (1989)
Harry Connick, Jr. – The New York Big Band Concert (1992)
Harry Groener – Crazy for You (1992)
Tony Bennett – Steppin' Out (1993), MTV Unplugged: Tony Bennett (1995)
Frank Sinatra and Natalie Cole – Duets (1993)
Lisa Stansfield – The Glory of Gershwin (1994), Live at Ronnie Scott's (2005)
John Pizzarelli – After Hours (1996)
Diana Krall – Love Scenes (1997)
Susannah McCorkle – Someone to Watch Over Me—Songs of George Gershwin (1998)
Smoke City – Red Hot + Rhapsody (1998)
Jamie Cullum – Heard It All Before (1999)
Stacey Kent – Let Yourself Go: Celebrating Fred Astaire (1999), Dreamer in Concert (2011)
Robbie Williams and Rupert Everett – Swing When You're Winning (2001)
Rod Stewart – It Had to Be You: The Great American Songbook (2002)
Eliane Elias – Bossa Nova Stories (2008)
Sal Viviano – The Standards of Love (2008)
Alison Balsom (trumpet) and Sarah Connelly (mezzo-soprano) – arrangement by Barry Forgie performed at the Last Night of the Proms at the Royal Albert Hall, London on 12 September 2009
Johnny Dankworth – Too Cool for the Blues (2010)
Brian Wilson – Brian Wilson Reimagines Gershwin (2010)
Gloria Estefan – The Standards (2013)
Uri Caine – Rhapsody in Blue (2013)
Matt Dusk and Margaret – Just the Two of Us (2015)
Kristin Chenoweth – The Art of Elegance (2016)


document_title: Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids

question_text: who sang the theme song for fat albert

question_tokens: who sang the theme song for fat albert

text: Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids

text: Origins[edit]

text: The character Fat Albert first appeared in Cosby's stand-up comedy routine "Buck Buck," as recorded on his 1967 album Revenge.[3] The stories were based upon Cosby's tales about growing up in inner city North Philadelphia.[4] In 1969, Cosby and veteran animator Ken Mundie brought Fat Albert to animation in a one-shot prime-time special entitled Hey, Hey, Hey, It's Fat Albert.

text: The special, which aired on NBC, was a hybrid of live action and animation. The music for the special was written and performed by jazz pianist/keyboardist Herbie Hancock in 1969,[5] and was released on the Warner Bros. album Fat Albert Rotunda. For the animated portion of the special, it was necessary to develop the actual appearance of each of the Fat Albert Gang's characters. For this, Ken Mundie relied on animator Amby Paliwoda, a former Disney artist. Paliwoda not only created all the Gang's characters, but painted a "group portrait" which was eventually shown on the front page of TV Guide magazine shortly before the showing of the special.[citation needed]

text: The producers wanted NBC to bring Fat Albert to Saturday mornings, but the network programming managers refused because the series was too educational.[6] Bill Cosby and a new production company, Filmation Associates, then took the property to CBS. The Fat Albert gang's character images were primarily created by the artist Randy Hollar with the assistance of one-time Disney animator Michelle McKinney, under the direction of Ken Brown.[citation needed]

text: Retitled Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids, the series premiered on September 9, 1972, on CBS. Production lasted for 12, though not continuous, years. It also spent another season in first-run syndication (1984–85). Three prime-time holiday specials (Halloween, Christmas, and Easter) featuring the characters were also produced. Like most Saturday morning cartoons of the era, Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids contained an adult laugh track, which was eliminated during the final season. The series was rerun on NBC Saturday mornings and on the USA Network in 1989.

text: On January 15, 2013, Bill Cosby posted the following on his Facebook page: "I'm telling you there are people at work who, I think, will make Fat Albert happen again. And it will be loved by all generations to come", hinting that the series might be brought back once again. No further word has been given yet.[7]

text: Characters[edit]

text: The Cosby Kids[edit]

text:
Fat Albert (voiced by Bill Cosby; singing by Michael Gray[8]) is based on Cosby's childhood friend Albert Robertson. The main character in the series, he is usually the conscience of the Junkyard Gang. Though very obese, he is athletic and enjoys playing sports. He always wears a red shirt and blue pants. Civic-minded and wise beyond his years, Fat Albert works hard to maintain integrity in the gang and with others, and is the lead singer as well as bagpipe-accordion (made from a funnel, radiator and an airbag) player in the Junkyard Band and on occasion, plays the bedspring.
James "Mushmouth" Mush (voiced by Bill Cosby) is a slack-jawed simpleton with big lips. He always wears a red knit hat and a blue scarf who always speaks in virtual Ubbi Dubbi, tantamount to an overdose of novocaine in the mouth, which Cosby would later use in the "Dentist" monologue from his 1983 film, Himself. He plays a homemade bass guitar in the Junkyard Band.
"Dumb" Donald (voiced by Lou Scheimer) is a lanky, dimwitted fellow. He is Rudy's best friend. He always wears a green long-sleeved jersey three sizes too big, and a pink stocking knit cap covering his entire face except his eyes and mouth. In the Junkyard Band, he plays a trombone made out of plumbers' pipe and a morning glory horn from an old phonograph.
William "Bill" Cosby (voiced by Bill Cosby) is a character based on Cosby himself. Like the others, Bill is a good athlete and enjoys playing sports. However he spends most of his time trying, often unsuccessfully, to keep his little brother Russell out of trouble. Like Fat Albert, Bill is often a voice of reason in the gang, although at times a little more stubborn. In the Junkyard Band, he plays homemade drums made from a discarded foot-pedal trash can using spoons for sticks.
Russell Cosby (voiced by Jan Crawford) is Bill's younger brother (based on his real-life brother—whom he often talked about in his routines) and the smallest and youngest of the Junkyard Gang. He always wears a heavy blue jacket, a yellow scarf, red boots, and a dark blue Ushanka winter hat regardless of the weather. Russell has a penchant for making snide remarks and blunt observations (much to his older brother's consternation). Russell frequently criticizes Rudy, reserving his most withering insults for when Rudy is being especially cocky. His catchphrase is "no class." He plays the xylophone in the Junkyard Band (made out of empty cans and a discarded coat rack).
Weird Harold (voiced by Gerald Edwards) is a tall, skinny, beady-eyed kid who is the tallest one of the Junkyard Gang and always wears a gold dress blazer, a brown sock on one foot and a red sock on the other, and is clumsy. In the Junkyard Band, he plays a harp made from bedsprings, and on occasion plays a "dressmaker dummy" in the percussion section. In the film adaptation, he is called "Old Weird" Harold, like he was in Cosby's stand-up routines.
Rudy Davis (voiced by Eric Suter) is a sharp-dressed, smooth talking, cocky huckster whose smart-aleck attitude frequently gets him into trouble. He is Dumb Donald's best friend. Rudy's cocky attitude and dismissive demeanor are often the catalyst for a typical plot's conflict. But inside he has a good heart and usually learns lessons from his mistakes. In the Junkyard Band, he plays a makeshift banjo, whose parts include a broomstick handle and sewing-thread spool to hold the strings. However, when shown playing apart from the others, Rudy plays an electric guitar (personalized with a big "R"). He always wears an orange flat cap, a fuchsia vest, a pink turtleneck, purple bell-bottom jeans, and boots. Rudy's personality in the Fat Albert movie is much different as he is portrayed as a kind and chivalrous gentleman who falls in love with the female lead Doris (Kyla Pratt).
Bucky Miller (voiced by Jan Crawford), as his name indicates, has a large overbite. He is a quick and flexible athlete. Bucky plays a stovepipe organ in the Junkyard Band.

text: Others[edit]

text:
Miss Berry is the kids' first teacher and mentor. She is later replaced by Mrs. Breyfogle. In later seasons, the kids went to a different school where their teacher and mentor was Miss Wucher:. All three characters were voiced by Jay Scheimer, wife of executive producer Lou Scheimer.
Mudfoot Brown (voiced by Bill Cosby) is a wise old man and unemployed vagrant who gives advice to the gang, often using reverse psychology to get his point across. (He makes a minor appearance in the film adaptation, at the beginning and end of the film, voiced by Earl Billings—however, he is never referred to by name in the film.)
The Brown Hornet (voiced by Bill Cosby) is the title character of a show about an African-American superhero whose cartoons were watched regularly by the gang. He is a parody of the Green Hornet.

Stinger (voiced by Lou Scheimer) is the Brown Hornet's beefy sidekick whose gruff exterior masks a soft heart.
Tweeterbell (voiced by Erika Scheimer) is a female robot assistant to the Brown Hornet and Stinger.

Cluck – A duck that followed the gang regularly in early episodes, but stopped appearing after season 1.
Legal Eagle (voiced by Lou Scheimer) is another show-within-a-show, involving a crime-fighting cartoon eagle.

Moe and Gabby (voiced by Jan Crawford & Gerald Edwards) Two lazy, klutzy squirrel underlings that work with Legal Eagle as police officers.

Margene (voiced by Erika Scheimer) classmate/ good friend of Fat Albert's. In one episode she and Albert ran for co-president of the Student Council and beat out two other candidates, both of whom were running on platforms of racism. A straight-A student, Margene occasionally got in with the wrong people but always managed to rebound; in a different episode she got hooked on drugs, and in another she got innocently involved in a violent cult.
3 River Blockbusters – The Junkyard Gang's main rival when it comes to competing in sports such as baseball and football. The Blockbusters stole the title of being champions in a competition called "buck buck" in the episode "Moving". One of them was voiced by Gerald Edwards who voiced Weird Harold and one of them was voiced by Eric Suter who voiced Rudy. They make an appearance in the film adaptation featuring totally different members and the leader, dubbed as Crips, voiced by Catero Colbert credited as Lead Teen.
Pee Wee is a small boy who looks up to Fat Albert and the gang. While being small in stature, his best athletic skill is kicking a football at a long distance. When the bigger kids could not get anything out of a small van Pee Wee is there to retrieve it.

text: Lou Scheimer, Erika Scheimer, Keith Allen, Lane Vaux, Pepe Brown, Dementra McHenry, Eric Suter, and Gerald Edwards provided additional voices.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Educational lessons and songs[edit]

text: Fat Albert was honored and noted for its educational content, which included Cosby earning a Doctorate in Education. In every show's opening Cosby would playfully warn:

text:
“
This is Bill Cosby comin' at you with music and fun, and if you're not careful you may learn something before it's done.
So let's get ready, OK? (Fat Albert voice) Hey, hey, hey!

”

text: During each episode, Fat Albert and his friends (aka The Junkyard Gang), dealt with an issue or problem commonly faced by young urban children, ranging from stage fright, first loves, medical operations, and personal hygiene to more serious themes (though toned down for younger children) including vandalism, stealing, racism, smoking, being scammed by con artists, sexually transmitted diseases, child abuse, kidnapping, drug use, gun violence and death.

text: At the end of most episodes (with some exceptions in the case of particularly serious themes), the gang would sing a song about the theme of the day. This sequence, similar to those seen in other Filmation shows including The Archie Show, has often been parodied. The musical sequence was dropped during the Brown Hornet/Legal Eagle years.

text: The series would enjoy one of the longest runs in the history of the Saturday morning cartoons.

text: Revamps and renames[edit]

text: In 1979, the show was re-titled The New Fat Albert Show and featured a new segment titled "The Brown Hornet" detailing the adventures of an African-American crime fighter in outer space whose design resembled a caricature of Bill Cosby, who also performed vocal talents on the character.

text: In 1984, the show was syndicated and renamed The Adventures of Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids. The lack of network restrictions allowed the producer to delve into more mature subject matter. A notable episode ("Busted") featured the kids having an inadvertent brush with the law and given a Scared Straight!-style tour of an occupied maximum security prison, even contained utterances (by the jail's inmates) of the words "damn" and "bastard" (Cosby had appeared in the beginning of the episode advising viewers that those words would be used as part of the story's dialogue to realistically depict jail life). Another notable episode, "Gang Wars", featured a child being shot and killed. Another new segment was added: "Legal Eagle", a crime-fighting eagle with a pair of bumbling police squirrels. Production of new episodes ceased in 1985.

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The theme song "Gonna Have A Good Time" was composed by Ricky Sheldon and Edward Fournier [9] and performed by Michael Gray (vocals), Kim Carnes (background vocals) and Edward Fournier (background vocals).[8][10]

text: A cover of the show's theme song, performed by Dig, is included on the 1995 tribute album Saturday Morning: Cartoons' Greatest Hits, produced by Ralph Sall for MCA Records. The song's chorus ("Na-na-na, gonna have a good time!") was also sampled for Fatboy Slim's 1998 hit single "Praise You".

text: Reception[edit]

text: Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids was named the 82nd best animated series by IGN.[11]

text: Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids received an Emmy nomination in 1974. Production of the final season of the series overlapped with the start of production of Cosby's live-action sitcom, The Cosby Show, which began airing in the fall of 1984.

text: In 1993, TV Guide named Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids the best cartoon series of the 1970s in its issue celebrating 40 years of television.[12]

text: In 2002, Fat Albert was placed at number 12 on TV Guide's list of the 50 Greatest Cartoon Characters of All Time.[13]

text: Availability[edit]

text: Syndication[edit]

text: As of 2013, Fat Albert was seen Saturday mornings on Retro Television Network (RTV), TheCoolTV, and weekdays and Saturdays and Sundays on Bounce TV, both of which are digital networks. It can also be seen weekdays on Angel Two (ANGL2), Kids & Teens TV (KTV), and World Harvest Television. Fat Albert is also available streaming online from www.HallmarkSpiritClips.com. As of July 2015, Fat Albert was no longer on Bounce TV's lineup.[14] Bounce TV had previously pulled the comedy series Cosby from their lineup in the wake of the Bill Cosby sexual assault allegations,[15] but it is unclear if the cancellation of the Fat Albert episodes was related to these allegations. However, several months after bringing back reruns of The Cosby Show in November 2016, Bounce TV quietly re-added Fat Albert to its schedule in March 2017.

text: Home video releases[edit]

text: During the mid-1980s, Thorn EMI Video released several volumes of Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids on VHS as part of their "Children's Matinee" line of animated programs, with each cassette typically containing three episodes. Additional volumes were released later in the decade by Video Treasures, including the three holiday specials.

text: In 2004, Urban Works acquired the rights to the series, subsequently releasing several Fat Albert and the Cosby Kids DVDs including a two-volume collection featuring 24 episodes, as well as all specials to coincide with the theatrical release of the feature film adaptation. Volume 1 contains two DVDs with episodes 1–12 (airdates 9/9–11/25/1972), along with a CD containing the opening theme, the closing theme, and 12 songs from each of the 12 episodes shown in vol. 1 [16] Volume 2 contains two discs with episodes 13–24 (airdates 12/2/1972–9/13/1975), along with a CD containing the opening theme, the closing theme, and 12 songs from each of the 12 episodes shown in vol. 2.[17][18][19][20] In addition, Urban Works released a Greatest Hits four-disc box set and a five-best episodes set via Ventura Distribution.[21][22] In 2008, Urban Works lost the distribution rights and as a result all of Urban Works' DVD releases are now out of print.[citation needed]

text: In 2008, Classic Media acquired the rights to the series and stated at the time that they intended to release the entire series on DVD.[23] Unfortunately this never happened as they only re-released The Fat Albert Halloween Special and The Fat Albert Easter Special on DVD via distribution partner Genius Products.[24][25]

text: On April 6, 2012, it was announced that Shout! Factory had acquired the rights to the series (under license from Classic Media) and planned to release a complete series box set on DVD on July 31, 2012. The release was postponed, but finally saw the light of day on June 25, 2013.[26]

text: On September 4, 2012, Classic Media re-released all three holiday specials together in one collection entitled The Hey Hey Hey Holiday Collection on DVD in Region 1.[27]

text: Other media[edit]

text: Gold Key Comics did a comic book adaptation of Fat Albert, which ran for 29 issues, from 1974 to 1979.[citation needed]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: In 2004, 20th Century Fox released a film adaptation of the series titled Fat Albert. The film stars Kenan Thompson as Fat Albert, Kyla Pratt, and Bill Cosby. The film acts as a sequel to the series where Fat Albert and the boys journey into the real world after jumping out of a television in order to help a lonely girl named Doris (Kyla Pratt) with her social anxiety. The boys enjoy being in the real world but after a meeting with their creator, Cosby, Fat Albert is informed that if he and the others do not return to the television world immediately, they will turn into celluloid dust.