document_title: O'Hare International Airport

question_text: what terminal does american fly into at o'hare

question_tokens: what terminal does american fly into at o'hare

text: O'Hare International Airport

text: History[edit]

text: Not long after the opening of Midway Airport in 1926, the city of Chicago realized that additional airport capacity would be needed in the future. The city government investigated various potential airport sites during the 1930s, but made little progress until the 1940s.[21]

text: World War II[edit]

text: O'Hare was constructed in 1942–43 as part of a manufacturing plant for Douglas C-54s during World War II. The site, at Orchard Place 18 miles northwest of downtown, was chosen for its proximity to the city and transportation.[21][22] The two-million-square-foot (180,000 m²) factory needed easy access to the workforce of the nation's then-second-largest city, as well as its extensive railroad infrastructure.[22] The airfield, known informally as Douglas Airport, initially had four 5,500 ft runways.[21]

text: Douglas Company's contract ended in 1945 and though plans were proposed to build commercial aircraft, the company ultimately chose to concentrate production on the west coast.[21] With the departure of Douglas; the airfield took the name of Orchard Field Airport, the source of its three-letter IATA code ORD.[23]

text: In 1945, Chicago mayor Martin Kennelly established a formal board to choose the site of a new facility to meet future aviation demands. After considering various proposals, the board decided upon the Orchard Field site, and acquired most of the site from the federal government in March 1946. The military retained a small parcel of property on the site, and the rights to use 25% of the airfield's operating capacity for free.[21]

text: Ralph Burke, an engineer previously responsible for designing Meigs Field, designed an airport master plan based on a central complex of "split finger" terminals surrounded by ten runways. Burke's final plan in 1947 called for the runways to be arranged tangentially at different headings so that no runway would cross another. This aspect of the plan was changed during the 1950s, as jet aircraft required longer runways, and the airport ultimately adopted a combination of overlapping parallel runways in different orientations.[21]

text: Financing of the airport was a major concern. Chicago did not have sufficient funding for the project and encountered difficulty in obtaining financial support from airlines and the federal government.[21]

text: In 1949, the airport was renamed O'Hare International Airport to honor Edward O'Hare, the U.S. Navy's first flying ace and Medal of Honor recipient in World War II. Its IATA code, "ORD", remained unchanged, however, resulting in O'Hare's IATA code bearing no connection to the airport's current name or metropolitan area.[23]

text: The United States Air Force used O'Hare extensively during the Korean War, at which time there was still no scheduled commercial service at the airport. In the early 1950s, debate raged in Chicago as to whether the Air Force should be removed from the site, or whether Chicago should sell the site back to the Air Force for use as a base. The Air Force eventually agreed to vacate O'Hare and relocate to a new base in the Chicago area.[21]

text: Commercial development[edit]

text:
Airline Operations[24]
(Takeoffs Plus Landings)

Midway
O'Hare

1955
321,882
10,668

1956
311,964
36,762

1957
341,316
57,692

1958
337,421
66,205

1959
345,170
82,417

1960
298,582
163,351

1961
187,978
235,908

1962
46,873
331,090

1963
19,054
358,266

1964
19,017
389,640

1965
16,716
443,026

1966
5,090
478,644

1967
4,427
573,506

1968
26,941
628,632

1969
31,394
632,030

1970
43,553
598,973

1971
51,734
565,826

1972
41,531
581,607

1973
37,526
592,518

1975
5,355
531,530

1976
1,532
594,340

text: In 1953, while flying to an airshow at Naval Air Station Glenview north of Chicago, Blue Angels pilot LT Harding MacKnight experienced an engine flameout in his F7U Cutlass, forcing him to make an emergency landing at NAS Glenview.[citation needed] Traveling with him, LT "Whitey" Feightner was redirected to land at O'Hare.[citation needed] The runway had just been completed and was covered with peach baskets to prevent aircraft from landing until it was opened. LT Feightner was told to ignore the baskets and land on the new runway, and his F7U became the first aircraft to land there.[citation needed]

text: Scheduled passenger flights started in 1955 and at the end of 1956 O'Hare was served by American, BOAC, Braniff, Capital, Delta, Eastern, North Central, Pan Am, TWA and United, along with freight airlines Riddle and Slick.[25] O'Hare opened a $1 million "Skymotive" terminal for corporate aircraft in 1955, the first of its kind.[26]

text: Growth was slow at first. By 1957 Chicago had invested over $25 million in O'Hare, but Midway remained the world's busiest airport and airlines were reluctant to move all of their services to O'Hare until better highway access and other improvements were completed.[27] The April 1957 Official Airline Guide shows 10 weekday departures on United, 9 on American, 6 on Capital, 3 Eastern, 3 TWA, 2 Delta, 2 North Central, and 1 Braniff. Also three weekly Pan Am and one weekly BOAC (Air France and Lufthansa were at Midway). O'Hare's first dedicated international terminal opened in August 1958. By April 1959 the airport had expanded to 7,200 acres (29 km2) with new hangars, terminals, parking and other facilities. The expressway link to downtown Chicago, then known as the Northwest Expressway, was completed in 1960.[25]

text: Ground was broken for the main terminal complex (of which Terminals 2 and 3 remain today) on April 1, 1959.[28] The complex, designed by C. F. Murphy and Associates, opened on January 1, 1962.[28][29]

text: In July 1962 the last fixed-wing scheduled airline flight in Chicago moved from Midway to O'Hare. President John F. Kennedy attended a dedication ceremony in 1963. After Kennedy was assassinated later that year, the section of Interstate 90 between downtown Chicago and O'Hare was renamed in his honor.[25] The arrival of Midway's traffic quickly made O'Hare the world's busiest airport, serving 10 million passengers annually. Within two years that number would double, with more people passing through O'Hare in 12 months than Ellis Island had processed in its entire existence. By 1967, Midway was nearly abandoned, with barely 4,400 airline operations, but Chicago city officials reached an agreement with airlines, in late 1972, to shift some services back to Midway to ease the crowding at O'Hare.[30] (Midway enjoyed another revival after startup carrier Midway Airlines began low-cost service there in 1979–80.)[31] O'Hare remained the world's busiest airport (by airline operations) until 1998.[32]

text: Pre-deregulation service[edit]

text: American Airlines, United Airlines and Trans World Airlines had many routes to the West Coast, Northeast and Midwest. TWA flew to Europe nonstop from O'Hare starting in 1958.[33][34][35] Northwest Orient Airlines flew to the Northeast, Pacific Northwest, Florida and Hawaii, and via Alaska to Japan and the Far East.[36] Their 747 to Tokyo was O'Hare's first nonstop to Asia, in 1977. Delta Air Lines served the Southeast and Midwest.[37]

text: During this era international flights (other than Canada) used Concourses B and C in Terminal 1. Braniff, Eastern, Northwest, Continental and Piedmont used Concourse D in Terminal 2. United was the main tenant in Concourses E and F of Terminal 2, with Ozark also using gates in Concourse F. In Terminal 3, Concourse G served TWA and Air Canada, and Concourses H and K served American, Delta and North Central (later merged into Republic Airlines). Concourse A was, at one time, a satellite terminal for commuter airlines at the west end of the terminal complex.[38]

text: Post-deregulation developments[edit]

text: In the 1980s, after deregulation, TWA replaced Chicago with St. Louis as its main mid-continent hub.[39] Although TWA had one of the largest Chicago operations during the late 1970s, its operation was losing $25 million a year under intense competition from United and American. TWA attempted to compete with an all-coach service to the West Coast at the lowest prices in the market, but American and United eventually matched TWA's fares during the recession of 1979–81, and TWA ended the service. In 1982, TWA swapped three of its Chicago gates for five of American's St. Louis gates, setting the stage for TWA's transition to St. Louis.[40]

text: Northwest likewise shifted to a Minneapolis and Detroit-centered network by the early 1990s following its acquisition of Republic Airlines in 1986.[41] On January 17, 1980, the airport's weather station became the official point for Chicago's weather observations and records by the National Weather Service.[42]

text: The nationwide hubs established at O'Hare in the 1980s by United and American continue to operate today. United developed a new US$500 million Terminal 1 ("The Terminal of the Future" or "Terminal of Tomorrow"), which was designed by Helmut Jahn and A. Epstein and Sons,[43] with Turner Construction as the construction manager,[44] and Thornton Tomasetti serving as the structural engineer.[45] It was built between 1985 and 1987 on the site of the old international terminal. Ground was broken for the new terminal complex in March 1985.[44] The terminal opened with 13 gates on June 15, 1987.[46] The terminal, which included ticketing and baggage claim areas, as well as 29 additional gates, was officially dedicated on August 4, 1987, with Mayor Harold Washington in attendance.[47] Concourse D of Terminal 2 was demolished in order to make way for the rest of the terminal, which was completed in December 1988.[48] American renovated its existing facilities in Terminal 3 from 1987 to 1990. These renovations were designed by Kober/Belluschi Associates, Inc. and Welton Becket & Associates.[49] Delta maintained a Chicago hub for some time, and opened a new Concourse L, initially known as the "Delta Flight Center", designed by Perkins and Will and Milton Pate & Associates, in Terminal 3 in 1983, but ultimately closed its Chicago hub in the 1990s.[49]

text: Total annual passenger volume at O'Hare reached 30 million in 1968, 40 million in 1976, 60 million in 1990 and 70 million in 1997.[25]

text: A $80 million renovation of Concourse G in Terminal 3 designed by Teng & Associates, Inc. began in the spring of 1999[50] and finished in the spring of 2001. The concourse was enlarged into a 144,500-square-foot (13,420 m2) facility with 25 remodeled gates. Six large "sky vaults", huge skylights atop V-shaped columns that bring natural light into a previously confined space, were constructed. A new 4,138-square-foot (384.4 m2) Admirals Club was also added to the concourse.[51]

text: Delta moved from Terminal 3 to Terminal 2 in 2009 to align its operations with merger partner Northwest. Continental moved from Terminal 2 to Terminal 1 in 2010 before merging with United.[52]

text: In 2013 the Chicago Department of Aviation appropriated a $19,500 two-year contract to use livestock, specifically goats, sheep, llamas, and burros, for grounds maintenance.[53] This plan resulted from difficulties in reaching certain areas around the runways with traditional lawn mowing machines due to rocky or sloped terrain.[54] About 25 animals were recruited chiefly to clear growing vegetation around the approximately 120-acre (49 ha) space around the runways.[55] A secondary reason for the introduction of the animals, especially the llamas and burros, was to reduce interference from wildlife such as coyotes and birds that may come when smaller prey settle in unmaintained, grassy areas.[56]

text: United States Air Force use[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The original Douglas Aircraft C-54 Skymaster transport manufacturing plant on the northeast side of the airport became a United States Air Force Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve facility after World War II.[citation needed] It was used by the United States Air Force from 1947 until 1999 as O'Hare Air Reserve Station, making the airport a joint civil-military airfield during this period.[citation needed]

text: The 1993 Base Realignment and Closure Commission ("1993 Commission") recommended the closure of O'Hare Air Reserve Station[57] as proposed by the municipal government of the City of Chicago and the transfer of both the Illinois Air National Guard's 126th Air Refueling Wing (126 ARW) and its KC-135 aircraft, and the Air Force Reserve Command's 928th Airlift Wing (928 AW) and its C-130 aircraft to new facilities to be constructed at Greater Rockford Airport, "55 miles northwest of O’Hare International Airport."[57] The 1993 Commission stated that the city of Chicago would be required to bear the costs of moving these units.[57] The 1995 Base Realignment and Closure Commission ("1995 Commission") modified the recommendation by stating that the units should instead be moved to Scott AFB, Illinois.[58] The 126 ARW moved from the former O'Hare Air Reserve Station to Scott AFB, Illinois in 1999 as recommended by the 1995 Commission's report in conjunction with the closure of the Air Force Reserve Command and Air National Guard facilities at O'Hare. Instead of moving to Scott AFB, subsequent BRAC action directed that the 928 AW be inactivated and its C-130 aircraft reallocated to other Air Force, Air Force Reserve and Air National Guard units.[58]

text: Following the closure of the O'Hare Air Reserve Station, the former United States Air Force facilities were redeveloped for air cargo and general aviation. This was partly necessitated by the abrupt closure of Meigs Field in 2003, which diverted general aviation in Chicago to O'Hare and Midway. Today, Signature Flight Support services private aircraft in this area.[citation needed]

text: Infrastructure[edit]

text: Location[edit]

text: Most of O'Hare Airport is in Cook County, but a section of the southwest part is in DuPage County. The airport is within a section of the City of Chicago contiguously connected to the rest of the city by a narrow strip of land about 200 ft (61 m) wide, running along Foster Avenue, from the Des Plaines River to the airport.[59][60] This land was annexed into the city limits in the 1950s to assure the massive tax revenues associated with the airport would go to the city.[citation needed] The strip is bounded on the north by Rosemont and the south by Schiller Park.[61]

text: Runways[edit]

text: On October 17, 2013, O'Hare opened Runway 10C-28C. The opening of this eighth runway marked the completion of the Phase II expansion project. O'Hare landings have been reconfigured to predominately use a triple arrival scheme using three of the four parallel runways, with the fourth runway being used for takeoffs.

text: Before the opening of 10C-28C, the new runway, 9L/27R which opened in November 2008, O'Hare had seven runways in three roughly-parallel sets. The longest is Runway 10L–28R, 13,001 by 150 feet (3,963 m × 46 m). Runways 9L, 10C, 10L, 27L, 27R, 28C and 28R have Category III instrument landing systems (ILS),[62] allowing trained aircrews to conduct landings with as little as 600 feet (180 m) of horizontal visibility. All other runway approaches except 4L and 33 have full Category I ILS. Runway 4L is seldom used for landings and has a localizer, the horizontal guidance component of an ILS system, but does not have a glide slope, the vertical component. Runway 33 (former runway 32L) was permanently closed to landings when the section south of the crossing with Runway 10L/28R was closed due to 10C/28C construction.[63]

text: Prior to the runway reconfiguration, all of O'Hare's runways intersected each other with the exception of 4R/22L. This created problems in inclement weather, busy times, or high winds, and several near-collisions. The redevelopment, which essentially eliminates most active runway intersections, is intended to reduce collision hazards and delays.

text: The field opened with four clustered runways; in March 1950 all were 5,500 to 5,750 feet (1,680–1,750 m) long. Runway 14 (later 14L) became 7,345 feet (2,239 m) around 1952; the 8,000-foot (2,400 m) Runway 15/33 (former 14R/32L) opened in 1956 and became 11,600 feet (3,500 m) long in 1960. The 10,000-foot (3,000 m) 9R/27L (now designated 10L/28R) opened in 1968 and 14L became 10,000 feet (3,000 m) long around the same time. 4R/22L opened in 1971 and the new 9L/27R in 2008. In 2003 the fourth original runway, (18/36) closed; its short length, lack of use, and placement no longer justified certification. Runway 18/36 is now Taxiway M on airport charts. On August 19, 2015, Runway 14L/32R was closed.[64]

text: The redevelopment, when completed, will remove the two northwest–southeast runways (former 14/32 L/R), construct four additional east–west runways (10C/28C, 10R/28L, 9L/27R, and 9C/27C), and extend the existing east–west runways (9R/27L and 10L/28R). The two existing northeast–southwest (4/22 L/R) runways will be retained. Currently, three of the four new runways have been constructed (9L/27R, 10C/28C, and 10R/28L), and one of the two extensions (10L/28R) is complete.

text: In the earlier airfield layout, the former 32L was often used for takeoffs in a shortened configuration. Planes reached the runway at Taxiway T10 (common) or Taxiway N, formerly M (not common). This shortened the runway but allowed operations on Runway 10L/28R to continue without restriction. The full length of the runway was available upon request, though with the extension of 10L/28R it was usually not needed. In May 2010 Runway 15/33 was permanently shortened to 9,685 feet (2,952 m) and it now starts at Taxiway N.

text: O'Hare has a voluntary nighttime (2200–0700) noise abatement program.[65]

text: The runway reconfiguration at O'Hare will also improve the airport for future Airbus A380 service. On July 5, 2007 the runway previously designated 9R/27L became runway 10/28. On May 2, 2013, that same runway (10/28) became 10L/28R. On August 30, 2007, runway 9L/27R became 9R/27L.[66]

text: On September 25, 2008, a 2,857-foot (871 m) extension to 10L/28R opened.[67] On May 2, 2013, airport diagrams published by the FAA depicted the runway previously designated 10/28 as 10L/28R.[68]

text: Runway 10C/28C was commissioned and opened for regular use on October 17, 2013.[69] On October 17, 2013, airport diagrams published by the FAA depicted the runway as open.[62]

text: On October 15, 2015, Runway 10R/28L was commissioned. The new 7,500-foot runway will be used almost exclusively for landings toward the east up until 10 p.m. daily. The runway will increase arrival and departure rates at O'Hare by about 25 percent in good weather, all while handling only 5 percent of all daytime flights annually over the next five years. However, the runway sits on the southernmost part of the airfield which aligns roughly with Irving Park Road in Bensenville. Since the runway is several miles from the passenger terminals, the average taxi time is estimated at about 20 minutes. The cost of the runway and a taxiway was $516 million, and they are being controlled by a new air-traffic control tower that cost $41 million to build, according to the FAA and the Chicago Department of Aviation.[70]

text: Intra-airport transportation[edit]

text: Passengers within the airport complex can travel via a 2.5 mi (4 km)-long automated people mover that operates 24-hours a day, connecting all four terminals landside and the remote parking lots. The system began operation on May 6, 1993, and beginning in summer 2015, underwent a US$240 million enhancement adding 15 new cars, upgrading the previous infrastructure, and extending the line to a new consolidated rental car facility where lot F is situated.[71][72]

text: Other facilities[edit]

text: Nippon Cargo Airlines has its Americas regional office on the O'Hare property.[73]

text: A large air cargo complex on the southwest side of the field opened in 1984, replacing most of the old cargo area, which stood on the site now occupied by e Terminal 5. This complex sits right in the path for new runway 10C/28C, and will be replaced by a new facility located on the northeastern portion of the airfield.[74]

text: The new North Terminal Air Traffic Control Tower was completed in September 2008 and commissioned for use on November 20, 2008.[75] The new tower was designed by DMJM Aviation-Holmes & Narver Aviation Partners JV (design principal Jose Luis Palacios).[76]

text: The USO has a facility in Terminals 2 and 3 for the use of traveling military personnel, as well as military recruits going to Recruit Training Command, which has a booth at O'Hare to coordinate transportation to Naval Station Great Lakes for Naval recruits arriving via airplane.[77]

text: Along with several other airports around the world, O'Hare has used portions of some of its land to allow urban bee keeping. Intended to raise the environmental profile of airports – with 75 hives, O'Hare is the world's largest airport bee keeper, as of 2015.[78]

text: Airport Hotel[edit]

text: In the vicinity of Terminals 1-3 and the parking lots A-C, there is an on-site airport hotel operated by Hilton Hotels & Resorts.

text: Terminals[edit]

text: O'Hare has four numbered passenger terminals with nine lettered concourses and a total of 182 gates. Two or more additional terminal buildings are envisioned; there is the possibility of a large terminal complex for the west side of the field, with access from I-90 and/or the Elgin-O'Hare Expressway, if the runway reconfiguration is completed and passenger numbers require additional terminals.

text: With the exception of flights from destinations with U.S. Customs and Border Protection preclearance, all inbound international flights arrive at Terminal 5, as the other terminals do not have screening facilities. Several carriers, such as American, Iberia, Lufthansa and United, with outbound international flights depart from Terminals 1 and 3. This arrangement requires that passengers disembark at Terminal 5 and then, crews tow the empty plane to another terminal for boarding. This is done, in part to make connections for passengers transferring from domestic flights to international flights easier, since while Terminals 1, 2, and 3 allow airside connections, Terminal 5 is separated from the other terminals by a set of taxiways that cross over the airport's access road, requiring passengers to exit security, ride the Airport Transit System, then reclear security in either direction.

text: Terminal 1[edit]

text: Terminal 1 is used for United Airlines flights, including all mainline flights and some United Express operations, as well as flights for Star Alliance partners Lufthansa and All Nippon Airways. Terminal 1 has 50 gates on two concourses:

text:
Concourse B – 22 gates
Concourse C – 28 gates

tag: ul

text: Concourses B and C are linear concourses located in separate buildings parallel to each other. Concourse B is adjacent to the airport roadway and houses passenger Check-ins, baggage claims, and security screenings on its landside and aircraft gates on its airside. Concourse C is a satellite terminal with gates on all sides, in the middle of the ramp, and is connected to Concourse B via an underground pedestrian tunnel under the ramp. The tunnel originates between gates B8 and B9 in Concourse B, and ends on Concourse C between gates C17 and C19. The tunnel is illuminated with a neon installation titled Sky's the Limit (1987) by Canadian artist Michael Hayden, which plays an airy and very slow-tempo version of "Rhapsody in Blue".

text: United also runs a post-security shuttle bus service between Concourse C (at gate C9) in Terminal 1 and Concourses E & F (at gate E4) in Terminal 2. It operates three United Clubs in Terminal 1: one on Concourse B near gate B6, one located near gate B16, and one on Concourse C near gate C16. There is also a United First International Lounge and United Arrivals Suite in Concourse C near gate C18.

text: Concourse B features an extension at its northern end (gates B18-B22) commonly called the "banana gates" due to the extension's narrow curved shape. The final gate, B22, branches off into three separate jetways for three regional jet parking positions.

text: Terminal 1 houses All Nippon Airways's Chicago office.[80]

text: Terminal 2[edit]

text: Terminal 2 houses Air Canada, Delta Air Lines and Delta Connection domestic flights, and most United Express operations (Check-in for all United flights is done in Terminal 1). Terminal 2 has 43 gates on two concourses.

text:
Concourse E – 17 gates
Concourse F – 26 gates

text: There is a United Club in Concourse F near gate F8, and a Delta Sky Club in Concourse E near gate E6. United Continental Holdings, United's parent company, is currently upgrading its facilities at Terminal 2, including constructing 10 new jet bridges for the regional flights, reconfiguring the holding rooms, and constructing a United Club to replace the current lounge.[81] US Airways operated out of Terminal 2 until it moved operations to Terminal 3 in July 2014, to be co-located with its merger partner American Airlines. Check-in for US Airways remained at Terminal 2 until September 16, 2014, when ticket counters relocated to Terminal 3.[82]

text: Terminal 3[edit]

text: Terminal 3 houses all American Airlines flights, as well as departures for select Oneworld carriers including Iberia and Japan Airlines, plus unaffiliated low-cost carriers. Terminal 3 has 75 gates (5 to be added) on four concourses:

text:
Concourse G – 25 gates
Concourse H – 17 gates
Concourse K – 16 gates
Concourse L – 17 gates (5 to be added)[83]

text: Concourses G and L house most American Eagle operations, while Concourses H and K house American's mainline operations. American's Oneworld partners Japan Airlines, and Iberia depart from K19 and non-affiliated Alaska Airlines operates from H4. Concourse L is used also for flights operated by Frontier Airlines, Spirit Airlines, JetBlue, Virgin America, and Air Choice One. The City of Chicago and American Airlines have agreed to an extension of the L Concourse to add five new gates. The gates are expected to be used primarily for American Eagle's Embraer E-175 fleet. American has agreed to pay roughly $55 to $75 million and the gates are expected to be completed by 2018.[84] The airline operates three Admirals Clubs in Terminal 3: one located in the crosswalk area between gates H6 and K6, one after security before Gate L1, and one in Concourse G across from gate G8. American also has a Flagship Lounge (currently branded as International First Class Lounge) located near gate K19.[85] The Flagship Lounge is scheduled to move underdeath the Admirals Club located in the crosswalk area between gates H6 and K6 in late 2017.

text: Terminal 5 (International)[edit]

text: Terminal 5 houses all of O'Hare's international arrivals (excluding flights from American Airlines and United Airlines from destinations with U.S. border preclearance.) Other destinations with U.S. border preclearance, including flights operated by Aer Lingus and Etihad Airways, arrive at Terminal 5, but are treated as domestic arrivals. With the exception of select Star Alliance and Oneworld carriers that board from Terminal 1 or Terminal 3 respectively, all non-U.S. carriers except Air Canada depart from Terminal 5. Terminal 5 has 21 gates (9 to be added) on one concourse:

text: Concourse M – 21 gates (9 to be added)

text: Terminal 5 has several airline lounges, including the Air France - KLM Lounge, British Airways First Class Galleries and Business Class Terraces Lounges, Korean Air Lounge, Scandinavian Airlines Lounge, Swissport Lounge, and Swiss International Air Lines First Class Lounge and Business Class Lounge. The airport's U.S. Customs and Border Protection facility is located at the arrival (lower) level.

text: Terminal 5 underwent a $26 million renovation designed by A. Epstein and Sons International, Inc., which began in July 2012, which involved adding dining and retail post-security, including many Chicago-based restaurants and brands, updated design, and a re-engineered layout. The project was completed on April 4, 2014. Terminal 5 is run by Westfield Management.[86]

text: O'Hare recently developed a gate capable of accommodating the world's largest passenger aircraft, the Airbus A380. On February 10, 2016, the Chicago Department of Aviation approved the construction to build out a gate that could handle the Airbus aircraft.[87] The new gate, M11a is the only gate capable of handling the Airbus A380 and, like other gates in Terminal 5, is designated as "common use," meaning no specific airline has exclusive control over it. Emirates and British Airways expressed interest in using their A380s on routes involving O'Hare. The gate became operational on July 19, 2016, with Emirates being the first airline to use it.[88] British Airways announced on August 8, 2017 that the A380 would fly to O'Hare on one of its two daily flights starting May 8, 2018.[89]

text: Previous terminal and concourses[edit]

text: Old Terminal 1[edit]

text: Terminal 1 was the first international terminal. It opened in 1955, it became the international terminal in 1963 and was demolished in 1984 to make way for the current Terminal 1.[90] It was replaced by a temporary Terminal 4 built in 1984. The terminal was connected to Terminal 2 by a glass-enclosed hallway. It had a Y shaped concourse similar to Concourses H/K in Terminal 3.[91]

text: Concourse A (Terminal 1)[edit]

text: Old Terminal 1 also had a satellite Concourse A that served commuter airlines. Among the airlines that used to operate from this terminal were Air France, El Al, Icelandair, Mexicana de Aviación, Pan Am and Sabena.[92]

text: Concourse D (Terminal 2)[edit]

text: A Concourse D in Terminal 2 previously existed and served as the concourse for AirCal, Air Wisconsin, Braniff, Continental, Eastern, Frontier Airlines, Northwest Orient, People Express, Piedmont and United Express until it was demolished in 1988 to make room for the current Terminal 1 concourses. It consisted of 12 gates.

text: Terminal 4[edit]

text: Due to the construction of Terminal 1 for United, all international arrivals and some international departures were relocated to a temporary Terminal 4 from 1984 until 1993. Terminal 4 was located on the ground floor of the main parking garage; departing and arriving passengers were transported by bus to and from their aircraft.[93] The terminal served many international carriers during this time, but was inadequate both in terms of operating area and bus loading/unloading capacity.[94]

text: Ground for the new $618 million International Terminal was broken on July 11, 1990, with airline executives and government officials, led by Mayor Richard M. Daley and U.S. Secretary of Transportation Samuel K. Skinner, in attendance.[95] The new Terminal 5, designed by Perkins and Will in conjunction with Heard & Associates and Consoer Townsend & Associates[96] partially opened on May 27, 1993, with its two lower levels completed to handle all international arrivals.[97] The rest of the terminal, including the departures level, opened on September 30, 1993.[98] The "Terminal 5" name was used for this new terminal in order to avoid confusion with the old Terminal 4.[94]

text: Since the opening of Terminal 5, Terminal 4 has been converted into the airport's facility for regional transit buses, hotel shuttles, and other ground transportation. The CTA Blue Line was extended to the airport in 1984.[25] However, the terminals are still numbered as if Terminal 4 had been kept as one of the airport's terminals.

text: Airlines and destinations[edit]

text: Passenger[edit]

text:
Airlines
Destinations

Aer Lingus
Dublin

Aeroméxico
Guadalajara, Mexico City

Air Canada
Toronto–Pearson
Seasonal: Montréal–Trudeau

Air Canada Express
Montréal–Trudeau, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver

Air Choice One
Burlington (IA), Decatur, Ironwood, Mason City

Air France
Paris–Charles de Gaulle

Air India
Delhi, Hyderabad

Alaska Airlines
Anchorage, Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma

Alitalia
Seasonal: Rome–Fiumicino

All Nippon Airways
Tokyo–Haneda, Tokyo–Narita

American Airlines
Atlanta, Austin, Beijing–Capital, Boston, Cancún, Charlotte, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Hartford, Kansas City, Las Vegas, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Miami, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New Orleans (ends January 8, 2018), New York–JFK, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Orange County (CA), Orlando, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Raleigh/Durham, Reno/Tahoe, Sacramento, St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Tampa, Tokyo–Narita, Tucson, Tulsa, Washington–National, West Palm Beach
Seasonal: Albuquerque, Baltimore, Barcelona, Cozumel, Dublin, Eagle/Vail, Guatemala City, Houston–Intercontinental, Jackson Hole, Jacksonville (FL), Indianapolis, Manchester (UK), Montego Bay, Norfolk, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Palm Springs, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Rome–Fiumicino, San José del Cabo, Venice (begins May 4, 2018)[99]

American Eagle
Akron/Canton, Albany, Albuquerque, Appleton, Atlanta, Baltimore, Birmingham (AL), Bismarck, Bloomington/Normal, Boise, Buffalo, Cedar Rapids/Iowa City, Champaign/Urbana, Charlottesville, Chattanooga, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Colorado Springs, Columbia (MO), Columbus–Glenn, Dayton, Des Moines, Detroit, Dubuque, El Paso, Evansville, Fargo, Flint, Fayetteville (AR), Fort Wayne, Grand Rapids, Green Bay, Greensboro, Greenville/Spartanburg, Harrisburg, Hartford, Hattiesburg/Laurel, Houston–Intercontinental, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Jacksonville (FL), Kalamazoo, Kansas City, Knoxville, La Crosse, Lansing, Lexington, Little Rock, Louisville, Madison, Manhattan (KS), Marquette, Memphis, Meridian (MS), Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Moline–Quad City, Montréal–Trudeau, Mosinee, Nashville, New Orleans, Newark, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Peoria, Pittsburgh, Providence, Richmond, Rochester (MN), Rochester (NY), St. Louis, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, Sioux City, Sioux Falls, Springfield/Branson, Syracuse, Toledo, Toronto–Pearson, Traverse City, Tulsa, Washington–National, Waterloo (IA), White Plains, Wichita
Seasonal: Aspen, Bozeman, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Montrose, Rapid City

Asiana Airlines
Seoul–Incheon

Austrian Airlines
Vienna

Avianca El Salvador
San Salvador

Bahamasair
Nassau (begins November 24, 2017)[100]

British Airways
London–Heathrow

Cathay Pacific
Hong Kong

Cayman Airways
Seasonal: Grand Cayman

China Eastern Airlines
Shanghai–Pudong

Copa Airlines
Panama City

Delta Air Lines
Atlanta, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Salt Lake City, Seattle/Tacoma

Delta Connection
Cincinnati, Detroit, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New York–JFK, Salt Lake City

Delta Shuttle
New York–LaGuardia

Emirates
Dubai–International

Etihad Airways
Abu Dhabi

EVA Air
Taipei–Taoyuan

Finnair
Seasonal: Helsinki

Frontier Airlines
Cancún, Denver, El Paso (begins April 8, 2018),[101] Las Vegas, Long Island/Islip (begins April 8, 2018), [102] Los Angeles, Miami, Ontario, Orlando, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Punta Cana
Seasonal: Austin, Charleston (SC) (begins May 11, 2018),[103] Colorado Springs, Fort Myers, Jacksonville (FL) (begins May 10, 2018), [104] Pensacola (FL) (begins May 12, 2018), [105] Puerto Vallarta, San Antonio, San Francisco (begins April 8, 2018), [106] San José del Cabo, Tampa, Trenton, Washington–Dulles (begins April 8, 2018),[107] West Palm Beach

Hainan Airlines
Beijing–Capital

Iberia
Madrid

Icelandair
Reykjavík–Keflavík

Interjet
Mexico City

Japan Airlines
Tokyo–Narita

JetBlue Airways
Boston, Fort Lauderdale, New York–JFK

KLM
Amsterdam

Korean Air
Seoul–Incheon

LOT Polish Airlines
Budapest (begins May 5, 2018),[108] Kraków, Warsaw–Chopin

Lufthansa
Frankfurt, Munich

Norwegian Air Shuttle operated by Norwegian Long Haul
London–Gatwick (begins March 25, 2018)[109]

Qatar Airways
Doha

Royal Jordanian
Amman–Queen Alia

Scandinavian Airlines
Copenhagen, Stockholm–Arlanda

Spirit Airlines
Atlanta, Baltimore, Cancún (begins November 9, 2017),[110] Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Houston–Intercontinental, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Minneapolis/St. Paul, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Orlando, San Diego, Tampa
Seasonal: Boston, Myrtle Beach, Oakland, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Portland (OR), West Palm Beach (begins November 9, 2017)[111]

Swiss International Air Lines
Zürich

Turkish Airlines
Istanbul–Atatürk

United Airlines
Albany, Amsterdam, Aruba, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Beijing–Capital, Belize City, Boston, Brussels, Buffalo, Calgary, Cancún, Charlotte, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus–Glenn, Dallas/Fort Worth, Denver, Des Moines, Detroit, Fort Lauderdale, Fort Myers, Frankfurt, Grand Rapids, Harrisburg, Hartford, Hong Kong, Honolulu, Houston–Intercontinental, Indianapolis, Kahului, Kansas City, Las Vegas, London–Heathrow, Los Angeles, Madison, Memphis, Mexico City, Miami, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Munich, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Orange County (CA), Orlando, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Philadelphia, Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Pittsburgh, Portland (OR), Raleigh/Durham, Richmond, Rochester (NY), Sacramento, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, San Diego, San Francisco, San Jose (CA), San Juan, São Paulo–Guarulhos, Seattle/Tacoma, Shanghai–Pudong, Spokane, Syracuse, Tampa, Tokyo–Narita, Toronto–Pearson, Vancouver, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National, Wichita
Seasonal: Albuquerque, Anchorage, Boise, Bozeman, Burlington (VT), Charleston (SC), Cozumel, Dublin, Edinburgh, Fairbanks, Grand Cayman, Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo, Jackson Hole, Jacksonville (FL), Liberia, Mazatlán (begins December 23, 2017),[112] Missoula, Montego Bay, Montrose, Myrtle Beach, Nassau, Palm Springs, Portland (ME), Providence, Providenciales, Puerto Vallarta, Punta Cana, Reno-Tahoe, Rome–Fiumicino, Sarasota, Saint Lucia–Hewanorra, St. Maarten, St. Thomas, San José del Cabo, San Jose de Costa Rica, Savannah, Vail/Eagle, West Palm Beach

United Express
Akron/Canton, Albany, Albuquerque, Allentown, Appleton, Asheville, Aspen, Atlanta, Austin, Baltimore, Birmingham (AL), Boise, Boston, Buffalo, Burlington (VT), Calgary, Cape Girardeau (begins December 1, 2017),[113] Cedar Rapids/Iowa City, Champaign/Urbana, Charleston (SC), Charleston (WV), Charlotte, Charlottesville, Chattanooga, Cincinnati, Clarksburg (WV), Cleveland, Colorado Springs, Columbia (MO), Columbia (SC), Columbus–Glenn, Dallas/Fort Worth, Dayton, Des Moines, Detroit, Duluth, Eau Claire, Erie, Evansville, Flint, Fargo, Fayetteville/Bentonville, Fort Wayne, Grand Rapids, Green Bay, Greensboro, Greenville/Spartanburg, Houghton/Hancock, Harrisburg, Hartford, Houston–Intercontinental, Huntsville, Indianapolis, Jackson (MS), Jacksonville (FL), Kalamazoo, Kansas City, Knoxville, Lansing, Lexington, Lincoln, Little Rock, Louisville, Madison, Manchester (NH), Memphis, Milwaukee, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Mobile, Moline–Quad City, Monterrey, Montréal–Trudeau, Mosinee, Muskegon, Nashville, New Orleans, New York–LaGuardia, Newark, Norfolk, Oklahoma City, Omaha, Ottawa, Paducah, Peoria, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Portland (ME), Quincy (begins December 1, 2017), Providence, Richmond, Roanoke, Rochester (MN), Rochester (NY), St. Louis, Saginaw, Salt Lake City, San Antonio, Savannah, Sioux Falls, South Bend, Springfield (IL), Springfield/Branson, State College, Syracuse, Toronto–Pearson, Traverse City, Tucson, Tulsa, Washington–Dulles, Washington–National, White Plains, West Palm Beach (begins December 20, 2017), Wichita, Wilkes–Barre/Scranton, Winnipeg
Seasonal: Bangor, Billings, Bozeman, Cody, Fort Myers, Great Falls, Gunnison/Crested Butte, Hayden/Steamboat Springs, Jackson Hole, Kalispell, Key West, Miami, Missoula, Montrose, Myrtle Beach, Nassau, Québec City, Palm Springs, Pensacola, Raleigh/Durham, Rapid City, Sarasota, Sun Valley (begins December 21, 2017) [114]

Virgin America
Los Angeles, San Francisco

VivaAerobus
Seasonal: Cancún (begins February 18 2018; ends August 12, 2018)[115]

Volaris
Guadalajara, Huatulco (begins November 18, 2017),[116] Ixtapa/Zihuatanejo (begins November 19, 2017),[116] Mexico City, Monterrey

WestJet
Seasonal: Calgary

WOW air
Seasonal: Reykjavík–Keflavík

text: Cargo[edit]

text: There are two main cargo areas at O'Hare that have warehouse, build-up/tear-down and aircraft parking facilities. The Southwest Cargo Area, adjacent to Irving Park Road, accommodates over 80% of the airport's all-cargo flights, divided among 9 buildings in two tiers. The North Cargo Area, which is a modest conversion of the former military base (the 1943 Douglas plant area), also receives air freighters. It is adjacent to the northern portion of Bessie Coleman Drive.

text: Two satellite cargo areas have warehouse and build-up/tear down facilities, but aircraft do not park at these. Freight is trucked to/from aircraft on other ramps. The South Cargo Area is along Mannheim Road. The East Cargo Area, adjacent to Terminal 5, was formerly the airport's only cargo section but has now mostly evolved into an airport support zone.

text: The Southwest Cargo Area partially lies in the path of one of the new runways (10C/28C). The redevelopment of the airfield will entail moving/replacing this primary cargo hub.

text:
Airlines
Destinations
Refs

AeroUnion
Mexico City

AirBridgeCargo Airlines
Amsterdam, Dallas/Fort Worth, Frankfurt, Houston–Intercontinental, Luxembourg, Moscow–Domodedovo
[117]

Air China Cargo
Anchorage, Beijing-Capital, Edmonton,[118] Frankfurt, New York–JFK, Shanghai-Pudong, Tianjin

Air France Cargo
Dublin, New York–JFK, Paris–Charles de Gaulle, Prestwick

Asiana Cargo
Anchorage, Atlanta, New York–JFK, Seoul–Incheon, Seattle/Tacoma

ASL Airlines Belgium
Liège

Atlas Air
Anchorage, Miami, Seoul–Incheon

Cargolux
Anchorage, Atlanta, Dallas/Fort Worth, Hong Kong, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Luxembourg, New York–JFK, Zhengzhou

Cathay Pacific Cargo
Anchorage, New York–JFK

China Airlines Cargo
Anchorage, Houston–Intercontinental, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma

China Cargo Airlines
Anchorage, Atlanta, Dallas/Fort Worth

China Southern Cargo
Shanghai–Pudong
[119]

DHL Aviation
operated by ABX Air
Cincinnati

DHL Aviation
operated by Atlas Air
Calgary, Cincinnati

Emirates SkyCargo
Brussels
[120]

Etihad Cargo
Abu Dhabi, Miami
[121]

EVA Air Cargo
Anchorage, Taipei–Taoyuan

FedEx Express
Fort Worth/Alliance, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Memphis, Newark, Oakland, Seattle/Tacoma, Pittsburgh

Kalitta Air
Anchorage, Khabarovsk, Newark, New York–JFK

Korean Air Cargo
Anchorage, Halifax, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Seattle/Tacoma, Toronto–Pearson

LOT Polish Airlines
operated by Cargojet
Warsaw–Chopin

Lufthansa Cargo
Anchorage, Atlanta, Frankfurt, Guadalajara, Los Angeles, Manchester (UK), Mexico City, New York–JFK
[122]

Lufthansa Cargo
operated by AeroLogic
Frankfurt

Nippon Cargo Airlines
Anchorage, Dallas/Fort Worth, Frankfurt–Hahn, Los Angeles, New York–JFK
[123]

Nippon Cargo Airlines
operated by Atlas Air
Edmonton
[124]

Qantas Freight
operated by Atlas Air
Anchorage, Auckland, Chongqing, Honolulu, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Sydney
[125][126][127][128]

Qatar Airways Cargo
Amsterdam, Doha, Los Angeles, Milan–Malpensa
[129][130][131]

Silk Way Airlines
Baku
[132]

Singapore Airlines Cargo
Anchorage, Atlanta, Brussels, Chennai Airport, Dallas/Fort Worth, Los Angeles, Seattle/Tacoma
[133]

Turkish Airlines Cargo
Istanbul–Atatürk, Maastricht, Shannon
[134]

UPS Airlines
Cologne/Bonn, Columbus–Rickenbacker, Louisville, Philadelphia, Portland (OR)

UPS Airlines
operated by Sky Lease Cargo
Louisville, Portland (OR)

Yangtze River Express
Anchorage, Shanghai–Pudong

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Top destinations[edit]

text:
Busiest domestic routes from Chicago O'Hare
(August 2016 – July 2017)[135]

Rank
Airport
Passengers
Carriers

1
New York–LaGuardia, New York
1,460,000
American, Delta, Spirit, United

2
Los Angeles, California
1,447,000
American, Frontier, Spirit, United, Virgin America

3
San Francisco, California
1,243,000
American, Frontier, United, Virgin America

4
Denver, Colorado
994,000
American, Frontier, Spirit, United

5
Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas
979,000
American, Spirit, United

6
Minneapolis/St. Paul, Minnesota
950,000
American, Delta, Spirit, United

7
Boston, Massachusetts
949,000
American, JetBlue, Spirit, United

8
Atlanta, Georgia
903,000
American, Delta, Spirit, United

9
Phoenix–Sky Harbor, Arizona
796,000
American, Frontier, Spirit, United

10
Washington–National, D.C.
786,000
American, United

text:
Busiest International Routes to and from ORD (2016)[136]

Rank
Airport
Passengers
Annual Change
Carriers

1
 London (Heathrow)
1,037,444
00.8%
American, British Airways, United, Virgin Atlantic

2
 Toronto (Pearson)
887,663
05.3%
Air Canada, American, United

3
 Tokyo (Narita)
685,067
03.9%
All Nippon, American, JAL, United

4
 Frankfurt
607,328
02.5%
Lufthansa, United

5
 Cancún
522,129
016.1%
American, Frontier, United

6
 Mexico City
488,015
01.2%
Aeroméxico, United, Volaris

7
 Beijing (Capital)
413,448
03.1%
American, Hainan, United

8
 Shanghai (Pudong)
412,485
028.4%
American, United, China Eastern

9
 Dublin
397,559
018.5%
Aer Lingus, American, United

10
 Montréal (Trudeau)
393,089
02.1%
Air Canada, American, United

11
 Hong Kong
331,944
04.5%
Cathay Pacific, United

12
 Vancouver
305,317
010.0%
Air Canada, United

13
 Paris (Charles de Gaulle)
304,342
05.3%
Air France, American, Delta, United

14
 Munich
297,918
08.5%
Lufthansa, United

15
 Seoul (Incheon)
276,795
04.5%
Asiana, Korean Air

16
 Amsterdam
251,141
00.1%
KLM, United

17
 Abu Dhabi
245,376
08.6%
Etihad Airways

18
 Doha
224,654
04.2%
Qatar Airways

19
 Istanbul–Atatürk
207,558
05.2%
Turkish Airlines

20
 Dubai–International
204,539
09.6%
Emirates

text: Annual traffic[edit]

text:
Traffic by calendar year[8]

Year
Passenger volume
Change over previous year
Aircraft operations
Cargo tonnage

2000
72,144,244
00.64%
908,989
1,640,524.1

2001
67,448,064
06.51%
911,917
1,413,834.4

2002
66,565,952
01.31%
922,817
1,436,385.7

2003
69,508,672
04.40%
928,691
1,601,735.5

2004
75,533,822
08.67%
992,427
1,685,808.0

2005
76,581,146
01.38%
972,248
1,701,446.1

2006
76,282,212
00.30%
958,643
1,718,011.0

2007
76,182,025
00.15%
926,973
1,690,741.6

2008
70,819,015
07.03%
881,566
1,480,847.4

2009
64,397,782
09.07%
827,899
1,198,426.3

2010
67,026,191
03.83%
882,617
1,577,047.8

2011
66,790,996
00.35%
878,798
1,505,217.6

2012
66,834,931
00.04%
878,108
1,443,568.7

2013
66,909,638
00.12%
883,287
1,434,377.1

2014
70,075,204
04.45%
881,933
1,578,330.1

2015
76,949,336
09.81%
875,136
1,742,500.8

2016
77,960,588
01.31%
867,635
1,726,361.6

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Rail[edit]

text: Chicago 'L'[edit]

text: The Blue Line provides 'L' service between O'Hare and Forest Park, departing from an underground station accessible by pedestrian tunnels from Terminals 1, 2, and 3, and the ATS from Terminal 5. The station opened on September 3, 1984. Trains run 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, providing connection via downtown Chicago to Forest Park.[137]

text: Metra[edit]

text: Commuter trains from the Metra North Central Service stop at the O'Hare Transfer station, which is connected to the Airport Transit System via a shuttle bus. Trains run only on weekdays.[138][139]

text: Airport Express[edit]

text: The City of Chicago is looking into a plan for an express train that would take tourists, locals, and other travelers from downtown Chicago to O'Hare International Airport in about 20 minutes, which is half the time it takes on the City's Blue Line. If an express train does get built, one-time tickets would likely cost around $30 to $35. Less expensive monthly passes and family discounts might also become available.[140] The City will look for a private company to cover construction costs and operate the system, but it's likely public money would go into building stations at the airport and downtown if the project moves ahead. The city says an engineering firm will spend the next 10 months evaluating potential routes, drafting designs and coming up with a construction timeline and cost estimate, then put it out for bid in 2017. In the early 1990s, the idea of a 20-minute O'Hare express train service has been proposed. Some plans included bypass tracks on the CTA Blue Line that run down the middle of the Kennedy Expressway as well as use of a Union Pacific Railroad right-of-way near the Kennedy. However no plans were ever materialized.[141]

text: Car[edit]

text: Road vehicles enter and exit via I-190, which branches off I-90 (the Kennedy Expressway) leading to downtown Chicago. Cars may also access the airport locally from Mannheim Road, the airport's eastern boundary. Aside from cargo access on its south side, all airport traffic travels through the east side of the airport. Local residents sometimes refer to I-190 as "the world's busiest Cul-de-sac"[142] as a result of the one way access.

text: Taxi[edit]

text: Taxi and Limo Services also provide transportation to/from Chicago O'Hare Airport. Fares vary based on traffic, average fares from O'Hare to downtown Chicago are $30–$40.[143]

text: Bus[edit]

text: Regional buses, taking passengers to Indiana, Iowa, and Wisconsin arrive and depart from the Bus / Shuttle Center.[144] It is located on the ground level of the Main Parking Garage, accessible by pedestrian tunnels from Terminals 1, 2, and 3.

text: Cellphone lot[edit]

text: A cellphone lot can be reached via the Car Rental return/Bessie Coleman Drive exit off the I-190. Signs direct drivers to the new cellphone lot. The lot is on the west side of Bessie Coleman Drive, across from car rentals, one half mile north of the exit. An information display provides aircraft arrival time updates.[145]

text: Car Rental[edit]

text: O'Hare International Airport offers a variety of options for vehicle rentals. Each rental car company offers free, 24 hour shuttle service. The shuttles pick up at the Arrivals curb front located on the lower level outside of Baggage Claim. Each terminal has designated areas on the outermost curb front where shuttles board.[146]

text: Modernization plan[edit]

text: O'Hare's high volume and crowded schedule can lead to long delays and cancellations that, due to the airport being a major hub, can have a ripple effect on air travel across North America. Official reports rank O'Hare as one of the least punctual airports in the United States based on percentage of delayed flights.[147] In 2004, United Airlines and American Airlines agreed to modify their flight schedules to help reduce congestion caused by clustered arrivals and departures. Because of the air traffic departing, arriving, and near the airport, air traffic controllers at O'Hare and its nearby facilities are among the leaders in the world in terms of number of controlled flights handled per hour.

text: City management has committed to a $6 billion capital investment plan to increase the airport's capacity by 60% and decrease delays by an estimated 79 percent.[148] This plan was approved by the FAA in October 2005 and will involve a reconfiguration of the airfield and addition of terminal space. The plan includes the addition of four runways, the lengthening of two existing runways, and the decommissioning of two existing runways in order to give the airfield six parallel runways in a configuration similar to that used at Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport, Los Angeles International Airport, and other large modern hub airports. This plan was very controversial as the added improvements, at the time they were proposed, were expected to increase the airport's air traffic capacity only slightly, given existing FAA rules. Additionally, the southernmost new runway would require the city acquiring additional land, which was extremely controversial as residents did not want to move.

text: The Modernization Plan is now being implemented; an additional runway and Air Traffic Control Tower were commissioned on November 20, 2008. The new north runway, designated 9L/27R, initially served as a foul weather arrival runway, addressing one of O'Hare's primary causes of delays, but now serves as one of three runways that can be used simultaneously for landings. An extension of Runway 10L/28R (formerly 10/28, and prior to that 9R/27L) to 13,001 feet (3,963 m) was commissioned for use on September 25, 2008,[75] facilitating the shortening and eventual closure of the 13,000 feet (4,000 m) Runway 15/33 (former 14R/32L). At the same time, the FAA redesigned the departure routes for both O'Hare and Midway airports, increasing the number from three shared by both airports to five from each airport. With the new runway's opening, O'Hare's maximum aircraft arrival capacity increased from 96 planes per hour to 112 planes per hour; United Airlines's senior vice president of operations, Joseph Kolshak, told The Wall Street Journal that within a month of the runway's opening, "they were consistently hitting that."[149]

text: As part of Mayor Rahm Emanuel's $7.3 billion infrastructure modernization plan, announced in March 2012, the airport would receive an additional $1.4 billion over three years to hasten the completion of the modernization effort.[150] The plan calls for accelerated completion of the fourth and final new runway as well as resumed negotiations with the airport's major airlines in an effort to boost O'Hare's overall capacity by 300,000 passengers per year by 2015.[151]

text: The modernization plan has required the acquisition of 126 acres (51 ha) of land in Des Plaines, Illinois; construction of runway 27R and the control tower cost $457 million and involved the rerouting of a creek and 14,000,000 cubic yards (11,000,000 m3) of fill to build up an embankment.."[149] 2,800 residents had to be relocated, as well as a cemetery with 900 known graves. The program ultimately is expected to expand the airport's capacity to over 3,800 operations per day, up from the present capacity of 2,700, and will vastly increase passenger throughput. It will also improve the ability of very large aircraft such as the Airbus A380 to operate.[152]

text: Flight caps in place since 2004 expired on October 31, 2008. American Airlines eliminated over 60 daily flights at O'Hare because of rising fuel prices. United announced similar cutbacks. Recent worldwide economic difficulties further complicate the forecasts for airport demand.[153]

text: After initially opposing the Modernization plan, DuPage County has endorsed the plan citing the creation of jobs, commercial development, and the ability of O'Hare to regain the status as busiest airport.[154]

text:
Phase 1 (Complete, runway 18/36 was closed before)

Phase 2 (Complete)

Phase 3 (In August 2015 14L/32R was closed. Runway 10R/28L opened 10/15/15)

Final runway configuration

text: Resistance and alternatives[edit]

text: The neighboring communities of Bensenville and Elk Grove Village have been centers of resistance to the expansion plan, due to their proximity to the airport and because some of their residents and businesses would be required to relocate. Bensenville and Elk Grove Village formed the Suburban O'Hare Commission[155] to fight the expansion. So far, they have not had much success. The commission did receive a temporary injunction against portions of the city's expansion project; it was soon overturned, however. The Suburban O'Hare Commission has also been instrumental in pushing for a third regional airport in south suburban Peotone, which it claims would alleviate congestion at O'Hare. No airline has committed to the proposed airport, however, and planning efforts moved very slowly during 2007–08. In 2008, Elk Grove Village ended resistance. They received assurance that a proposed highway would not be built through their business park. In November 2009, Bensenville officially ended all resistance to the expansion, ceasing all legal challenges against the city of Chicago. They received a one-time $16-million payment from Chicago.[156] The city of Chicago also faced a five-year court battle to acquire a small, historical cemetery located within the space of their planned runway expansion. A settlement was finally reached in December 2012, between St. John United Church of Christ in Bensenville and the city of Chicago. The city agreed to pay the church $1.3 million for the 5-acre (2.0 ha) parcel on the west side of the airport, which included a 2-acre (0.81 ha) burial ground established by the church in 1849. All told, 1,494 bodies were disinterred from the St. Johannes Cemetery and reburied at various cemeteries throughout the region.[157]

text: In 1995, the Chicago/Gary Airport Compact was signed by the cities of Chicago and Gary, Indiana, creating a new administration for the Gary/Chicago International Airport just across the state line. While markedly smaller than the proposed Peotone site, this airport already has more land and a longer main runway than Midway Airport. Gary is also many miles closer than Peotone to downtown Chicago. In addition public transportation is already in place to the Loop via the South Shore Line. Indiana and the FAA have provided significant funding for a Gary runway expansion, currently under construction. The issue here is a large portion of the revenue that is generated would go to the state of Indiana as opposed to Chicago and the state of Illinois, the very entities the airport would mainly serve.[158]

text: Chicago Rockford International Airport (RFD) in Rockford, Illinois has also marketed itself as an alternative for congestion at O'Hare. It is at least a 1-1/2-hour trip to Rockford from the Chicago Loop. Currently there is no direct transportation service from downtown Chicago or O'Hare to Rockford airport, but airline service at the airport continues to grow. Larry Morrissey, the current mayor of Rockford, has pushed for a high-speed rail connection between the two airports to make the Rockford airport a more convenient alternative to O'Hare.

text: General Mitchell International Airport (MKE) in Milwaukee has consistently attempted to increase its usage by Chicago and Northern Illinois customers, especially with the opening of an Amtrak station directly west of Mitchell providing service from Chicago Union Station via the Hiawatha Service seven times per day; O'Hare and Mitchell have no direct rail link.

text: Accidents and incidents[edit]

text: The following is a list of crashes that happened on planes en route to/from O'Hare.[159]

text:
On September 17, 1961, Northwest Orient Airlines Flight 706 had a mechanical failure in control surfaces and crashed upon takeoff, killing all 37 on board.[160]
On May 22, 1962, Continental Airlines Flight 11 en route to Kansas City Downtown Airport exploded over Unionville, Missouri after a suicide bomber blew himself up in the rear lavatory. All 45 on board were killed, including the suicide bomber.[161]
On August 16, 1965, United Airlines Flight 389 crashed 30 miles (48 km) east of O'Hare while on approach, killing all 30 on board.[162]
On March 21, 1968, United Airlines Flight 9963 overran Runway 9R (now 10L) on take off. All 3 crew on board were injured, and the aircraft was damaged beyond repair.[163]
On December 27, 1968, North Central Airlines Flight 458 crashed into a hangar at O'Hare, killing 27 on board and one on the ground.[164]
On December 20, 1972, North Central Airlines Flight 575 crashed upon takeoff after colliding with Delta Airlines Flight 954 taxiing across the active runway, killing 10 passengers.[165]
On March 28, 1977, Douglas C-47A N57131 of Emery Worldwide was destroyed by fire following a taxiing accident. The aircraft was due to operate a cargo flight.[166]
On May 25, 1979, American Airlines Flight 191, a McDonnell Douglas DC-10 to Los Angeles International Airport lost its left wing engine while taking off from Runway 32R, then stalled and crashed into a field on the opposite side of Touhy Avenue from present-day Runway 9L/27R, killing all 271 people on board and two people on the ground. The crash remains the deadliest single-aircraft crash in United States history, and the deadliest aviation disaster in U.S. history before the September 11, 2001 attacks.[167][168]
On March 19, 1982, a United States Air Force KC-135 Stratotanker crashed upon approach to O'Hare 40 miles (64 km) northwest of the city (near Woodstock), killing 27 people on board.[169]
On August 10, 1986, American Trans Air Flight 131 caught fire on the ramp, destroying the plane. Nobody was killed.[170]
On October 31, 1994, American Eagle Flight 4184 from Indianapolis International Airport was circling over northwestern Indiana while waiting for a landing slot at O'Hare to open up when its wings iced up, causing the plane to dive nose-first into a cornfield, killing all 68 people on board.[171]
On February 9, 1998, American Airlines Flight 1340 crashed upon landing from Kansas City, injuring 22 passengers.[172]
On April 1, 1999, an Air China Boeing 747, Flight 9018, taxied onto an active runway at O'Hare during the takeoff of Korean Air Flight 36, another Boeing 747. Flight 36 averted a collision by taking off early and missing the Air China aircraft by 75 feet. There were 8 people on the Air China cargo plane and 379 on the Korean Air flight.[173]
On March 24, 2014, a Blue Line train derailed in the airport's 'L' station when it overran a bumper block. 32 people were injured, as the train rolled into the airport subway station onto a platform and crashed into an escalator.[174]
On October 28, 2016 at approximately 2:35 p.m. local time, American Airlines Flight 383, a Boeing 767-300, aborted takeoff after what was said to be a blown tire followed by a problem with its right engine. The aircraft was evacuated on the runway via emergency slides as a large fire engulfed the right engine and wing. Nine people were injured, 2 seriously.[175] http://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-releases/Pages/pr20161104.aspx


document_title: List of Major League Baseball record holders

question_text: what is the record for most strikeouts in a season by a hitter

root

text: Batting records (1876–present)[edit]

text: Career[edit]

text:
Record
Player
#
Refs

Highest batting average
Ty Cobb
.3664

Most singles
Pete Rose
3,215
[1]

Most doubles
Tris Speaker
792
[2]

Most triples
Sam Crawford
309
[3]

Most home runs
Barry Bonds
762
[4]

Most grand slams
Alex Rodriguez
23

Most home runs by a pitcher
Wes Ferrell
38

Most grand slams by a pitcher
Madison Bumgarner
3

Oldest player to hit first home run
Bartolo Colón
7004156890000000000♠42 years, 349 days old
[5]

Youngest player to hit a home run
Tommy Brown
7003646700000000000♠17 years, 257 days old
[6]

Most runs batted in
Hank Aaron
2,297
[7]

Most hits
Pete Rose
4,256
[8]

Most runs scored
Rickey Henderson
2,295
[9]

Highest on-base percentage
Ted Williams
.482
[10]

Most stolen bases
Rickey Henderson
1,406
[11]

Most steals of home
Ty Cobb
54

Highest slugging percentage
Babe Ruth
.690
[12]

Highest OPS
Babe Ruth
1.164
[13]

Most walks
Barry Bonds
2,558
[14]

Most intentional walks
Barry Bonds
688
[15]

Most strikeouts
Reggie Jackson
2,597
[16]

Most at-bats
Pete Rose
14,555
[17]

Most total bases
Hank Aaron
6,856
[18]

Most runs created
Barry Bonds
2,892
[19]

Most games played
Pete Rose
3,562
[20]

tag: table

text: Single-Season[edit]

text:
Records
Player
#
Season
Refs

Games
Maury Wills
165
1962

Highest batting average
Hugh Duffy
.440
1894
[21]

Most singles in a season
Ichiro Suzuki
225
2004
[22]

Most doubles
Earl Webb
67
1931
[23]

Most triples
Chief Wilson
36
1912
[24]

Most home runs
Barry Bonds
73
2001

Most runs batted in
Hack Wilson
191
1930
[25]

Most hits
Ichiro Suzuki
262
2004
[26]

Most runs scored
Billy Hamilton
192
1894
[27]

Highest on-base percentage
Barry Bonds
.609
2004
[28]

Most stolen bases[a]
Hugh Nicol
Rickey Henderson
138
130
1887
1982
[29]

Highest slugging percentage
Barry Bonds
.863
2001
[30]

Highest OPS
Barry Bonds
1.422
2004
[31]

Most walks
Barry Bonds
232
2004
[32]

Most strikeouts
Mark Reynolds
223
2009

Most extra base hits
Babe Ruth
119
1921
[33]

Fastest pitch thrown
Aroldis Chapman
106 mph
2010

Most total bases
Babe Ruth
457
1921
[34]

Consecutive game hitting streak
Joe DiMaggio
56
1941

Most at-bats
Jimmy Rollins
716
2007
[35]

text: Pitching records (1876–present)[edit]

text: Career[edit]

text:
Record
Player
#

Most wins
Cy Young
511

Most losses
Cy Young
316

Lowest E.R.A.
Ed Walsh
1.82

Most no-hitters
Nolan Ryan
7

Most strikeouts
Nolan Ryan
5,714

Most shutouts
Walter Johnson
110

Most pickoffs
Steve Carlton
144

Most innings pitched
Cy Young
7,354⅔

Most hit batsmen
Gus Weyhing
278

Most home runs allowed
Jamie Moyer
522

Most complete games
Cy Young
749

Lowest WHIP
Addie Joss
.968

Most saves
Mariano Rivera
652

Highest win–loss percentage
Spud Chandler
71.7%

Most games
Jesse Orosco
1,252

Most consecutive scoreless innings pitched
Orel Hershiser
59[b]

text: Live-ball era (1920–present)[edit]

text: (if different from overall records)

tag: p

text:
Record
Player
#

Most wins
Warren Spahn
363

Most losses
Nolan Ryan
292

Lowest earned-run average
Mariano Rivera
2.21

Most shutouts
Warren Spahn
63

Most innings pitched
Phil Niekro
5,404⅓

Most complete games
Warren Spahn
382

Lowest WHIP
Mariano Rivera
1.004

text: Single season[edit]

text:
Record
Player
#
Season

Most wins
Old Hoss Radbourn
59
1884

Most losses
John Coleman
48
1883

Lowest E.R.A.
Tim Keefe
0.86
1880

Most strikeouts
Matt Kilroy
513
1886

Most shutouts
George Bradley
Pete Alexander
16
1876
1916

Most innings pitched
Will White
680
1879

Most complete games
Will White
75
1879

Lowest WHIP
Pedro Martínez
.7373
2000

Most saves
Francisco Rodríguez
62
2008

Highest win/loss percentage
Roy Face
94.7%
1959

Most hits allowed
John Coleman
772
1883

Most earned runs allowed
John Coleman
291
1883

text: Live-ball era (1920–present)[edit]

text: (if different from all-time records)

text:
Record
Player
#
Season

Most wins
Jim Bagby, Sr.
Lefty Grove
Denny McLain
31
1920
1931
1968

Most losses
Paul Derringer
27
1933

Most strikeouts
Nolan Ryan
383
1973

Most shutouts
Bob Gibson
13
1968

Most innings pitched
Mickey Lolich
376
1971

Most complete games
Bob Feller
36
1946

Most hits allowed
George Uhle
378
1923

Most earned runs allowed
Bobo Newsom
186
1938

text: Hitting records: single game (1876–present)[edit]

text:
Most hits in a nine-inning game: 7 by Wilbert Robinson, June 10, 1892, and Rennie Stennett, September 16, 1975.
Most hits in an extra-inning game: 9, Johnny Burnett, July 10, 1932.[36]
Most total bases in a nine-inning game: 19 (4 home runs, a double and a single), Shawn Green, May 23, 2002.

text: Pitching records: single game (1876–present)[edit]

text:
Most home runs allowed: 7, Charlie Sweeney, June 12, 1886
Most strikeouts: 21, Tom Cheney, September 12, 1962 (16 innings)
Most strikeouts in a nine-inning game: 20 by Kerry Wood, Roger Clemens (twice), and Max Scherzer [c]
Most consecutive home runs allowed: 4 by Paul Foytack, July 31, 1963, Chase Wright, April 22, 2007, and Dave Bush, August 11, 2010
Oldest pitcher to win a game: Jamie Moyer, age 7004180480000000000♠49 years, 151 days, May 16, 2012

text: Catcher records: career[edit]

text:
Most runners caught stealing: 810, Gary Carter[38]
Most stolen bases allowed: 1,498, Gary Carter[39]
Most stolen-base attempts: 2,308, Gary Carter
Highest caught-stealing %: 57.40%, Roy Campanella[40]
Most pickoffs: 81, Iván Rodríguez[41]
Most games caught: 2,427, Iván Rodríguez

text: Most caught no hitters: 4, Jason Varitek, May 19, 2008 and Carlos Ruiz, July 25, 2015.

text: Note: Pre-1950 stolen-base data is incomplete; career leaders shown from 1950 to present.

text: Catcher records: single season[edit]

text:
Most runners caught stealing: Jody Davis, 89 (1986)[43]
Most stolen bases allowed: Mike Piazza, 155 (1996)[44]
Highest caught-stealing %: Mike LaValliere, 72.73% (1993)[45]
Most no-hitters caught: 2, Carlos Ruiz (2010) (List of Major League Baseball no-hitters)

text: Both of Ruiz's no-hitters were by Roy Halladay; the second was in Game 1 of the National League Division Series, Halladay's first career postseason start.

text: In 1914, Yankees catcher Les Nunamaker threw out three runners in the same inning.[46]

text: Other records[edit]

text:
Most World Series wins (as a manager): 7, Casey Stengel, Joe McCarthy
Most pennants won: 10, Casey Stengel, John McGraw
Most World Series appearances (as a manager): 10, Casey Stengel
Most World Series appearances (as a team): 40, New York Yankees
Most World Series titles (as a team): 27, New York Yankees
Most regular season wins (as a team): 116, Seattle Mariners, Chicago Cubs
Most MVP Awards won: 7, Barry Bonds
Most Grand Slams By a Pitcher in One Season: Tony Cloninger, Madison Bumgarner, 2
Most Consecutive Games Played: 2,632, Cal Ripken, Jr.


document_title: List of American Revolutionary War battles

question_text: what was the third battle of the american revolution

text:
[show]

v
t
e

American
Revolutionary War
Campaigns and theaters

Boston
Canada
New York and New Jersey
Saratoga
Philadelphia
Western
Northern
Northern (after Saratoga)
Southern
Yorktown
Naval

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Boston campaign
1774–1776

Powder Alarm
Suffolk Resolves
Lexington and Concord
Boston
Thompson's War
Chelsea Creek
Machias
Bunker Hill
Gloucester
Falmouth
Knox artillery train
Dorchester Heights

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Canadian campaign

Ticonderoga
Fort St. Jean
Longue-Pointe
Arnold's expedition
Quebec
Saint-Pierre
The Cedars
Trois-Rivières
Valcour Bay

[show]

v
t
e

Southern theater
1775–1779

Gunpowder Incident
Kemp's Landing
Snow Campaign
Savage's Old Fields
Great Cane Brake
Great Bridge
Norfolk
Moore's Creek Bridge
Rice Boats
Sullivan's Island
Lindley's Fort
Thomas Creek
Alligator Bridge
1st Savannah
Beaufort
Van Creek
Kettle Creek
Brier Creek
Chesapeake raid
Stono Ferry
Charles Town
2nd Savannah

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Revolutionary War campaigns in New York and New Jersey
1776–1777

Long Island
The Turtle
Staten Island Peace Conference
Kip's Bay
Harlem Heights
Pell's Point
White Plains
Fort Washington
Fort Lee
Geary Ambush
Iron Works Hill
Delaware crossing
Trenton
Assunpink Creek
Princeton
Forage War
Millstone

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Saratoga Campaign
1777

Fort Ticonderoga
Hubbardton
Fort Anne
Slaying of Jane McCrea
Fort Stanwix
Oriskany
Bennington
1st Saratoga (Freeman's Farm)
Forts Clinton and Montgomery
2nd Saratoga (Bemis Heights)
Kingston

[show]

v
t
e

Philadelphia campaign
1777–1778

Bound Brook
Short Hills
Staten Island
Cooch's Bridge
Brandywine
Clouds
Paoli
Germantown
Red Bank
Fort Mifflin
Gloucester
White Marsh
Matson's Ford
Valley Forge
Conway Cabal
Quinton's Bridge
Crooked Billet
Barren Hill
Carlisle Peace Commission
Monmouth

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Northern frontier
after 1777

Cobleskill
Wyoming Valley
Big Runaway
German Flatts
Unadilla and Onaquaga
Carleton's Raid
Cherry Valley
Minisink
Sullivan Expedition
Newtown
Boyd and Parker
Royalton Raid
Klock's Field
Johnstown

[show]

v
t
e

New York City area
after 1777

Baylor Massacre
Stony Point
Paulus Hook
Young's House
Connecticut Farms (NJ)
1st Long Island
Springfield
Bull's Ferry
Pine's Bridge
2nd Long Island
Delaware Bay

[show]

v
t
e

Southern theater
1780–83

Charleston
Moncks Corner
Lenud's Ferry
Waxhaws
Mobley's Meeting House
Ramsour's Mill
Huck's Defeat
Colson's Mill
Rocky Mount
Hanging Rock
Camden
Fishing Creek
Musgrove Mill
Wahab's Plantation
Black Mingo
Charlotte
Kings Mountain
Shallow Ford
Fishdam Ford
Blackstock's Farm
Richmond
Cowpens
Cowan's Ford
Torrence's Tavern
Pyle's Massacre
Wetzell's Mill
Guilford Court House
Fort Watson
Hobkirk's Hill
Fort Motte
Augusta
Ninety-Six
House in the Horseshoe
Eutaw Springs
Lindley's Mill
Videau's Bridge
Wambaw
Combahee River
James Island
Chesapeake Bay

[show]

v
t
e

Western theater

1st Fort Henry
Siege of Boonesborough
Illinois
Vincennes
Treaty of Fort Pitt
Fort Laurens
Chillicothe
Bird's expedition
Piqua
La Balme's Defeat
Coshocton
Lochry's Defeat
Long Run
Gnadenhütten
Little Mountain
Crawford expedition
Bryan Station
Blue Licks
2nd Fort Henry

[show]

v
t
e

Atlantic theatre

Nassau
Block Island
Turtle Gut Inlet
Barbados
Frederica
North Channel
Charles Town
1st Long Island
1st Cape Henry
Cape Breton
Capture of USS Trumbull
Cape Ann
1st Chesapeake
Capture of HMS Savage
1st Delaware Bay
Halifax
2nd Cape Henry
Hudson Bay
2nd Long Island
2nd Delaware Bay
3rd Delaware Bay
2nd Chesapeake Bay

text: This is a list of military actions in the American Revolutionary War. Actions marked with an asterisk involved no casualties.

text: Major campaigns, theaters, and expeditions of the war

text:
Boston campaign (1774–76)
Invasion of Quebec (1775–76)
New York and New Jersey campaigns (1776–77)
Saratoga campaign (1777)
Philadelphia campaign (1777–78)
Yorktown campaign (1781)
Northern theater of the American Revolutionary War after Saratoga (1778–81)
Southern theater of the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)
Western theater of the American Revolutionary War (1777–82)
Naval operations in the American Revolutionary War

text: Battles (in chronological order)[edit]

text:
Battle
Date
Colony/State
Outcome

Powder Alarm*
000000001774-09-01-0000September 1, 1774
Massachusetts
British soldiers remove military supplies

Storming of Fort William and Mary*
000000001774-12-14-0000December 14, 1774
New Hampshire
Patriots seize powder and shot after brief skirmish.

Battles of Lexington and Concord
000000001775-04-19-0000April 19, 1775
Massachusetts
Patriot victory: British forces raiding Concord driven back into Boston with heavy losses.

Siege of Boston
000000001775-04-19-0000April 19, 1775 –
March 17, 1776
Massachusetts
Patriot victory: British eventually evacuate Boston after Patriots fortify Dorchester heights

Gunpowder Incident*
000000001775-04-20-0000April 20, 1775
Virginia
Virginia governor Lord Dunmore removes powder to a Royal Navy ship, standoff is resolved without violence

Capture of Fort Ticonderoga
000000001775-05-10-0000May 10, 1775
New York
Patriot victory: Patriots capture British posts at Ticonderoga and Crown point

Battle of Chelsea Creek
000000001775-05-27-0000May 27-28, 1775
Massachusetts
Patriots victory: Patriots capture British ship Diana

Battle of Machias
000000001775-06-11-0000June 11-12, 1775
Massachusetts
Patriot forces capture the HM schooner Margaretta

Battle of Bunker Hill
000000001775-06-17-0000June 17, 1775
Massachusetts
British victory: British drive Patriot army from the Charlestown peninsula near Boston but suffer heavy losses

Battle of Gloucester
000000001775-08-08-0000August 8, 1775
Massachusetts
Patriot victory

Siege of Fort St. Jean
000000002017-09-17-0000September 17 –
November 3, 1775
Quebec
Patriot victory: Patriots capture British force and subsequently overrun Montreal and much of Quebec

Burning of Falmouth
000000001775-10-18-0000October 18, 1775
Massachusetts
British burn Falmouth

Battle of Kemp's Landing
000000001775-11-14-0000November 14, 1775
Virginia
British victory

Siege of Savage's Old Fields
000000001775-11-19-0000November 19-21, 1775
South Carolina
Patriot victory: Patriots defeat loyalist force

Battle of Great Bridge
000000001775-12-09-0000December 9, 1775
Virginia
Patriot victory: Lord Dunmore's loyalist force is defeated

Snow Campaign
000000001775-12-01-0000December 1775
South Carolina
Patriot campaign against loyalists in South Carolina

Battle of Quebec
000000001775-12-31-0000December 31, 1775
Quebec
British victory: British repulse Patriot assault on Quebec city

Burning of Norfolk
000000001776-01-01-0000January 1, 1776
Virginia
British bombard Norfolk and Patriots destroy what they see as a loyalist stronghold

Battle of Moore's Creek Bridge
000000001776-02-27-0000February 27, 1776
North Carolina
Patriot victory: loyalist force of Regulators and Highlanders defeated

Battle of the Rice Boats
000000001776-03-02-0000March 2-3, 1776
Georgia
British victory

Battle of Nassau
000000001776-03-03-0000March 3-4, 1776
Bahamas
Patriots raid against the Bahamas to obtain supplies

Battle of Saint-Pierre
000000001776-03-25-0000March 25, 1776
Quebec
Patriot victory

Battle of Block Island
000000001776-04-06-0000April 6, 1776
Rhode Island
British victory

Battle of The Cedars
000000001776-05-18-0000May 18-27, 1776
Quebec
British victory

Battle of Trois-Rivières
000000001776-06-08-0000June 8, 1776
Quebec
British victory: Patriots forced to evacuate Quebec

Battle of Sullivan's Island
000000001776-06-28-0000June 28, 1776
South Carolina
Patriot victory: British attack on Charleston is repulsed

Battle of Turtle Gut Inlet
000000001776-06-29-0000June 29, 1776
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Battle of Lindley's Fort
000000001776-07-15-0000July 15, 1776
South Carolina
Patriot victory: Native Americans attack repulsed

Battle of Long Island
000000001776-08-27-0000August 27, 1776
New York
British victory: in the largest battle of the war the Patriot army is outflanked and routed on Long Island but later manages to evacuate to Manhattan

Landing at Kip's Bay
000000001776-09-15-0000September 15, 1776
New York
British victory: British capture New York City

Battle of Harlem Heights
000000001776-09-16-0000September 16, 1776
New York
Patriot victory: Patriots repulse British attack on Manhattan

Battle of Valcour Island
000000001776-10-11-0000October 11, 1776
New York
British victory: British defeat Patriot naval force on Lake Champlain, but victory comes too late to press the offensive against the Hudson valley

Battle of White Plains
000000001776-10-28-0000October 28, 1776
New York
British victory

Battle of Fort Cumberland
000000001776-11-10-0000November 10-29, 1776
Nova Scotia
British victory

Battle of Fort Washington
000000001776-11-16-0000November 16, 1776
New York
British victory: British capture 3,000 Patriots on Manhattan in one of the most devastating Patriot defeats of the war

Battle of Fort Lee
000000001776-11-20-0000November 20, 1776
New Jersey
British victory: Patriots begin general retreat

Ambush of Geary
000000001776-12-14-0000December 14, 1776
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Battle of Iron Works Hill
000000001776-12-22-0000December 22-23, 1776
New Jersey
British victory

Battle of Trenton
000000001776-12-26-0000December 26, 1776
New Jersey
Patriot victory: Patriots capture Hessian detachment at Trenton

Second Battle of Trenton
000000001777-01-02-0000January 2, 1777
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Battle of Princeton
000000001777-01-03-0000January 3, 1777
New Jersey
Patriot victory: Patriots defeat a small British force, the British decide to evacuate New Jersey

Battle of Millstone
000000001777-01-20-0000January 20, 1777
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Forage War
January-March 1777
New Jersey
Patriots harass remaining British forces in New Jersey

Battle of Punk Hill
000000001777-03-08-0000March 8, 1777
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Battle of Bound Brook
000000001777-04-13-0000April 13, 1777
New Jersey
British victory

Battle of Ridgefield
000000001777-04-27-0000April 27, 1777
Connecticut
British victory

Battle of Thomas Creek
000000001777-05-17-0000May 17, 1777
East Florida
British victory

Meigs Raid
000000001777-05-24-0000May 24, 1777
New York
Patriot victory

Battle of Short Hills
000000001777-06-26-0000June 26, 1777
New Jersey
British victory

Siege of Fort Ticonderoga
000000001777-07-05-0000July 5-6, 1777
New York
British victory

Battle of Hubbardton
000000001777-07-07-0000July 7, 1777
Vermont
British victory

Battle of Fort Ann
000000001777-07-08-0000July 8, 1777
New York
British victory

Siege of Fort Stanwix
000000001777-08-02-0000August 2-23, 1777
New York
Patriot victory: British fail to take Fort Stanwix

Battle of Oriskany
000000001777-08-06-0000August 6, 1777
New York
British victory

Second Battle of Machias
000000001777-08-13-0000August 13-14, 1777
Massachusetts
British victory

Battle of Bennington
000000001777-08-16-0000August 16, 1777
New York
Patriot victory

Battle of Staten Island
000000001777-08-22-0000August 22, 1777
New York
British victory

Battle of Setauket
000000001777-08-22-0000August 22, 1777
New York
British victory

First Siege of Fort Henry
September 1 or 21, 1777
Virginia
Patriot victory

Battle of Cooch's Bridge
000000001777-09-03-0000September 3, 1777
Delaware
British victory

Battle of Brandywine
000000001777-09-11-0000September 11, 1777
Pennsylvania
British victory

Battle of the Clouds
000000001777-09-16-0000September 16, 1777
Pennsylvania
Battle called off due to rain

Battle of Freeman's Farm
000000001777-09-19-0000September 19, 1777
New York
British tactical victory: First of the two Battles of Saratoga

Battle of Paoli
000000001777-09-21-0000September 21, 1777
Pennsylvania
British victory

Siege of Fort Mifflin
000000002017-09-26-0000September 26 –
November 15, 1777
Pennsylvania
British victory

Battle of Germantown
000000001777-10-04-0000October 4, 1777
Pennsylvania
British victory

Battle of Forts Clinton and Montgomery
000000001777-10-06-0000October 6, 1777
New York
British victory

Battle of Bemis Heights
000000001777-10-07-0000October 7, 1777
New York
Patriot victory: Second of the two Battles of Saratoga, British under Burgoyne driven back and forced to surrender 10 days later

Battle of Red Bank
000000001777-10-22-0000October 22, 1777
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Battle of Gloucester
000000001777-11-25-0000November 25, 1777
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Battle of White Marsh
000000001777-12-05-0000December 5-8, 1777
Pennsylvania
Patriot victory

Battle of Matson's Ford
000000001777-12-11-0000December 11, 1777
Pennsylvania
British victory

Battle of Barbados
000000001778-03-07-0000March 7, 1778
Barbados
British victory

Battle of Quinton's Bridge
000000001778-03-18-0000March 18, 1778
New Jersey
British victory

North Channel Naval Duel
000000001778-04-24-0000April 24, 1778
Great Britain
Patriot victory

Battle of Crooked Billet
000000001778-05-01-0000May 1, 1778
Pennsylvania
British victory

Battle of Barren Hill
000000001778-05-20-0000May 20, 1778
Pennsylvania
Indecisive

Mount Hope Bay raids
000000001778-05-25-0000May 25-30, 1778
Rhode Island
British victory

Battle of Cobleskill
000000001778-05-30-0000May 30, 1778
New York
British-Iroquois victory

Battle of Monmouth
000000001778-06-28-0000June 28, 1778
New Jersey
Draw: British break off engagement and continue retreat to New York

Battle of Alligator Bridge
000000001778-06-30-0000June 30, 1778
East Florida
British victory

Wyoming Massacre
000000001778-07-03-0000July 3, 1778
Pennsylvania
British-Iroquois victory

First Battle of Ushant
000000001778-07-27-0000July 27, 1778
Bay of Biscay
British victory

Siege of Pondicherry
August 21–October 19 1778
India
British victory

Battle of Newport
000000001778-08-29-0000August 29, 1778
Rhode Island
British victory

Grey's raid
000000001778-09-05-0000September 5-17, 1778
Massachusetts
British victory

Invasion of Dominica
000000001778-09-07-0000September 7, 1778
Dominica
French victory

Siege of Boonesborough
000000001778-09-07-0000September 7, 1778
Virginia
Patriot victory

Attack on German Flatts
000000001778-09-17-0000September 17, 1778
New York
British-Iroquois victory

Baylor Massacre
000000001778-09-27-0000September 27, 1778
New Jersey
British victory

Raid on Unadilla and Onaquaga
000000001778-10-02-0000October 2-16, 1778
Indian Reserve
Patriot victory

Battle of Chestnut Neck
000000001778-10-06-0000October 6, 1778
New Jersey
British victory

Little Egg Harbor massacre
000000001778-10-16-0000October 16, 1778
New Jersey
British victory

Carleton's Raid
October 24-November 14 1778
Vermont
British victory

Cherry Valley Massacre
000000001778-11-11-0000November 11, 1778
New York
British-Iroquois victory

Battle of St. Lucia
000000001778-12-15-0000December 15, 1778
St. Lucia
British victory

Capture of St. Lucia
000000001778-12-18-0000December 18-28, 1778
St. Lucia
British victory

Capture of Savannah
000000001778-12-29-0000December 29, 1778
Georgia
British victory

Battle of Beaufort
000000001779-02-03-0000February 3, 1779
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Kettle Creek
000000001779-02-14-0000February 14, 1779
Georgia
Patriot victory

Siege of Fort Vincennes
000000001779-02-23-0000February 23-25, 1779
Quebec
Patriot victory

Battle of Brier Creek
000000001779-03-03-0000March 3, 1779
Georgia
British victory

Battle of Chillicothe
May 1779
Quebec
Patriot victory

Chesapeake raid
000000001779-05-10-0000May 10-24, 1779
Virginia
British victory

Capture of Saint Vincent
000000001779-06-16-0000June 16-18, 1779
St. Vincent
French victory

Battle of Stono Ferry
000000001779-06-20-0000June 20, 1779
South Carolina
British victory

Great Siege of Gibraltar
June 24, 1779-February 7, 1783
Gibraltar
British victory

Capture of Grenada
000000001779-07-02-0000July 2, 1779
Grenada
French victory

Tryon's raid
000000001779-07-05-0000July 5-14, 1779
Connecticut
British victory

Battle of Grenada
000000001779-07-06-0000July 6, 1779
Grenada
French victory

Battle of Stony Point
000000001779-07-16-0000July 16, 1779
New York
Patriot victory

Battle of Minisink
000000001779-07-22-0000July 22, 1779
New York
British-Iroquois victory

Penobscot Expedition
July 24-August 29, 1779
Massachusetts
British victory

Battle of Paulus Hook
000000001779-08-19-0000August 19, 1779
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Battle of Newtown
000000001779-08-29-0000August 29, 1779
Indian Reserve
Patriot victory

Capture of Fort Bute
000000001779-09-07-0000September 7, 1779
West Florida
Patriot-Spanish victory

Battle of Lake Pontchartrain
000000001779-09-10-0000September 10, 1779
West Florida
Patriot victory

Boyd and Parker ambush
000000001779-09-13-0000September 13, 1779
Indian Reserve
British-Iroquois victory

Action of 14 September 1779
000000001779-09-14-0000September 14, 1779
Azores
British victory

Siege of Savannah
September 16-October 18, 1779
Georgia
British victory

Battle of Baton Rouge
000000001779-09-20-0000September 20-21, 1779
West Florida
Patriot-Spanish victory

Battle of Flamborough Head
000000001779-09-23-0000September 23, 1779
Great Britain
Patriot victory

Battle of San Fernando de Omoa
October 16-November 29, 1779
Guatemala
British victory

Action of 11 November 1779
000000001779-11-11-0000November 11, 1779
Portugal
British victory

First Battle of Martinique
000000001779-12-18-0000December 18, 1779
Martinique
British victory

Action of 8 January 1780
000000001780-01-08-0000January 8, 1780
Spain
British victory

Battle of Cape St. Vincent
000000001780-01-16-0000January 16, 1780
Portugal
British victory

Battle of Young's House
000000001780-02-03-0000February 3, 1780
New York
British victory

San Juan Expedition
March-November, 1780
Guatemala
Patriot-Spanish victory

Battle of Fort Charlotte
000000001780-03-02-0000March 2-14, 1780
West Florida
Patriot-Spanish victory

Siege of Charleston
March 29-May 12, 1780
South Carolina
British victory: British recapture South Carolina following the battle

Battle of Monck's Corner
000000001780-04-14-0000April 14, 1780
South Carolina
British victory

Second Battle of Martinique
000000001780-04-17-0000April 17, 1780
Martinique
Patriot victory

Battle of Lenud's Ferry
000000001780-05-06-0000May 6, 1780
South Carolina
British victory

Bird's invasion of Kentucky
May 25-August 4, 1780
Virginia
British victory

Battle of St. Louis
000000001780-05-25-0000May 25, 1780
Louisiana
Patriot-Spanish victory

Battle of Waxhaws
000000001780-05-29-0000May 29, 1780
South Carolina
British victory

Battle of Connecticut Farms
000000001780-06-07-0000June 7, 1780
New Jersey
British victory

Battle of Mobley's Meeting House
000000001780-06-10-0000June 10-12, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Ramsour's Mill
000000001780-06-20-0000June 20, 1780
North Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Springfield
000000001780-06-23-0000June 23, 1780
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Huck's Defeat
000000001780-07-12-0000July 12, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Bull's Ferry
000000001780-07-20-0000July 20-21, 1780
New Jersey
Loyalist victory

Battle of Colson's Mill
000000001780-07-21-0000July 21, 1780
North Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Rocky Mount
000000001780-08-01-0000August 1, 1780
South Carolina
Loyalist victory

Battle of Hanging Rock
000000001780-08-06-0000August 6, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Pekowee
000000001780-08-08-0000August 8, 1780
Quebec
Patriot victory

Action of 9 August 1780
000000001780-08-09-0000August 9, 1780
Atlantic
Spanish victory

Battle of Camden
000000001780-08-16-0000August 16, 1780
South Carolina
British victory

Battle of Fishing Creek
000000001780-08-18-0000August 18, 1780
South Carolina
British victory

Battle of Musgrove Mill
000000001780-08-18-0000August 18, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Black Mingo
000000001780-08-28-0000August 28, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Wahab's Plantation
000000001780-09-20-0000September 20, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Charlotte
000000001780-09-26-0000September 26, 1780
North Carolina
British victory

Battle of Kings Mountain
000000001780-10-07-0000October 7, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory: halts first British invasion of North Carolina

Royalton Raid
000000001780-10-16-0000October 16, 1780
Vermont
British victory

Battle of Klock's Field
000000001780-10-19-0000October 19, 1780
New York
Patriot victory

La Balme's Defeat
000000001780-11-05-0000November 5, 1780
Quebec
British-Iroquois victory

Battle of Fishdam Ford
000000001780-11-09-0000November 9, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Blackstock's Farm
000000001780-11-20-0000November 20, 1780
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Fort St. George
000000001780-11-23-0000November 23, 1780
New York
Patriot victory

Battle of Jersey
000000001781-01-06-0000January 6, 1781
Jersey
British victory

Battle of Mobile
000000001781-01-07-0000January 7, 1781
West Florida
Patriot-Spanish victory

Battle of Cowpens
000000001781-01-17-0000January 17, 1781
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Cowan's Ford
000000001781-02-01-0000February 1, 1781
North Carolina
British victory

Capture of Sint Eustatius
000000001781-02-03-0000February 3, 1781
Sint Eustatius
British victory

Battle of Haw River
000000001781-02-25-0000February 25, 1781
North Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Wetzell's Mill
000000001781-03-06-0000March 6, 1781
North Carolina
British victory

Siege of Pensacola
March 9-May 8, 1781
West Florida
Patriot-Spanish victory

Battle of Guilford Court House
000000001781-03-15-0000March 15, 1781
North Carolina
British victory

Battle of Cape Henry
000000001781-03-16-0000March 16, 1781
Virginia
British victory

Siege of Fort Watson
000000001781-04-15-0000April 15-23, 1781
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Battle of Porto Praya
000000001781-04-15-0000April 15, 1781
Cape Verde
Draw

Battle of Blandford
000000001781-04-25-0000April 25, 1781
Virginia
British victory

Battle of Hobkirk's Hill
000000001781-04-25-0000April 25, 1781
South Carolina
British victory

Battle of Fort Royal
000000001781-04-29-0000April 29, 1781
Martinique
French victory

Action of 1 May 1781
000000001781-05-01-0000May 1, 1781
France
British victory

Battle of Fort Motte
000000001781-05-08-0000May 8-12, 1781
South Carolina
Patriot victory

Siege of Augusta
May 22-June 6, 1781
Georgia
Patriot victory

Siege of Ninety-Six
May 22-June 6, 1781
South Carolina
British victory

Invasion of Tobago
May 24-June 2, 1781
Tobago
French victory

Action of 30 May 1781
000000001781-05-30-0000May 30, 1781
Barbary Coast
British victory

Battle of Spencer's Ordinary
000000001781-06-26-0000June 26, 1781
Virginia
British victory

Francisco's Fight
July 1781
Virginia
Patriot victory

Battle of Green Spring
000000001781-07-06-0000July 6, 1781
Virginia
British victory

Naval battle of Louisbourg
000000001781-07-21-0000July 21, 1781
Nova Scotia
Franco-Patriot victory

Battle of Dogger Bank
000000001781-08-05-0000August 5, 1781
North Sea
British victory

Invasion of Minorca
August 19, 1781-February 5, 1782
Minorca
Franco-Spanish victory

Lochry's Defeat
000000001781-08-24-0000August 24, 1781
Quebec
British-Iroquois victory

Battle of the Chesapeake
000000001781-09-05-0000September 5, 1781
Virginia
French victory

Battle of Groton Heights
000000001781-09-06-0000September 6, 1781
Connecticut
British victory

Battle of Eutaw Springs
000000001781-09-08-0000September 8, 1781
South Carolina
British victory

Battle of Lindley's Mill
000000001781-09-13-0000September 13, 1781
North Carolina
Patriot victory

Long Run Massacre
000000001781-09-13-0000September 13, 1781
Virginia
British-Iroquois victory

Siege of Yorktown
September 28-October 19, 1781
Virginia
Franco-Patriot victory: Cornwallis surrenders his force of over 7,000

Battle of Fort Slongo
000000001781-10-03-0000October 3, 1781
New York
Patriot victory

Siege of Negapatam
October 21-November 11, 1781
India
British victory

Battle of Johnstown
000000001781-10-25-0000October 25, 1781
New York
Patriot victory

Second Battle of Ushant
000000001781-12-12-0000December 12, 1781
Bay of Biscay
British victory

Battle of Videau's Bridge
000000001782-01-02-0000January 2, 1782
South Carolina
British victory

Siege of Brimstone Hill
January 11-February 13, 1782
St. Christopher
Franco-Patriot victory

Capture of Trincomalee
000000001782-01-11-0000January 11, 1782
Ceylon
British victory

Capture of Demerara and Essequibo
January 22-February 5, 1782
Demerara and Essequibo
Franco-Patriot victory

Battle of Saint Kitts
000000001782-01-25-0000January 25-26, 1782
St. Christopher
British victory

Battle of Sadras
000000001782-02-17-0000February 17, 1782
India
French victory

Capture of Montserrat
000000001782-02-22-0000February 22, 1782
Montserrat
French victory

Battle of Wambaw
000000001782-02-24-0000February 24, 1782
South Carolina
British victory

Gnadenhütten massacre
000000001782-03-08-0000March 8, 1782
Ohio

Battle of Roatán
000000001782-03-16-0000March 16, 1782
Guatemala
Patriot-Spanish victory

Action of 16 March 1782
000000001782-03-16-0000March 16, 1782
Strait of Gibraltar
British victory

Battle of Little Mountain
000000001782-03-22-0000March 22, 1782
Virginia
British-Iroquois victory

Battle of Delaware Bay
000000001782-04-08-0000April 8, 1782
New Jersey
Patriot victory

Battle of the Saintes
000000001782-04-09-0000April 9-12, 1782
Dominica
British victory

Battle of Providien
000000001782-04-12-0000April 12, 1782
Ceylon
French victory

Battle of the Black River
April-August, 1782
Guatemala
British victory

Battle of the Mona Passage
000000001782-04-19-0000April 19, 1782
Mona passage
British victory

Action of 20–21 April 1782
000000001782-04-20-0000April 20-21, 1782
Bay of Biscay
British victory

Capture of the Bahamas
000000001782-05-06-0000May 6, 1782
Bahamas
Patriot-Spanish victory

Crawford expedition
May 25-June 12, 1782
Quebec
British-Iroquois victory

Naval battle off Halifax
000000001782-05-28-0000May 28-29, 1782
Nova Scotia
British victory

Raid on Lunenburg
000000001782-07-01-0000July 1, 1782
Nova Scotia
Patriot victory

Battle of Negapatam
000000001782-07-06-0000July 6, 1782
Ceylon
British victory

Hudson Bay Expedition
000000001782-08-08-0000August 8, 1782
Rupert's Land
Franco-Patriot victory

Siege of Bryan Station
000000001782-08-15-0000August 15-17, 1782
Virginia
Patriot victory

Battle of Blue Licks
000000001782-08-19-0000August 19, 1782
Virginia
British-Iroquois victory

Battle of the Combahee River
000000001782-08-26-0000August 26, 1782
South Carolina
British victory

Battle of Trincomalee
August 25-September 3, 1782
Ceylon
French victory

Siege of Fort Henry
000000001782-09-11-0000September 11-13, 1782
Virginia
Patriot victory

Grand Assault on Gibraltar
000000001782-09-13-0000September 13, 1782
Gibraltar
British victory

Action of 18 October 1782
000000001782-10-18-0000October 18, 1782
Hispaniola
British victory

Action of 6 December 1782
000000001782-12-06-0000December 6, 1782
Martinique
British victory

Action of 22 January 1783
000000001783-01-22-0000January 22, 1783
Virginia
British victory