document_title: Red Hook, Brooklyn

question_text: who lived in red hook in the 1950s

question_tokens: who lived in red hook in the 1950s

root

text: Red Hook, Brooklyn

text: History[edit]

text: Colonization[edit]

text: Red Hook has been part of the Town of Brooklyn since it was organized in the 1600s.[1] It is named for the red clay soil and the point of land projecting into the Upper New York Bay. The village was settled by Dutch colonists of New Amsterdam in 1636, and named Roode Hoek. In Dutch "Hoek" means "point" or "corner" and not the English hook (i.e., not something curved or bent).[2] The actual "hoek" of Red Hook was a point on an island that stuck out into Upper New York Bay at today's Dikeman Street west of Ferris Street. From the 1880s to the present time, people who live in the eastern area of Red Hook have referred to their neighborhood as "The Point". Today, the area is home to about 11,000 people.

tag: p

text: Rapelye Street in Red Hook commemorates the beginnings of one of New Amsterdam's earliest families, the Rapelje clan, descended from the first European child born in the new Dutch settlement in the New World, Sarah Rapelje. She was born near Wallabout Bay, which later became the site of the New York (Brooklyn) Naval Shipyard.[1][3] A couple of decades after the birth of his daughter Sarah, Joris Jansen Rapelje removed to Brooklyn, where he was one of the Council of twelve men, and where he was soon joined by son-in-law Hans Hansen Bergen. Rapelye Street in Red Hook is named for Rapelje and his descendants, who lived in Brooklyn for centuries.[4][5]

text: American Revolution[edit]

text: During the Battle of Brooklyn (also known as the Battle of Long Island), a fort was constructed on the "hoek" called "Fort Defiance". It is shown on a map called "a Map of the Environs of Brooklyn" drawn in 1780 by a loyalist engineer named George S. Sproule. The Sproule map shows that Fort Defiance complex actually consisted of three redoubts on a small island connected by trenches, with an earthwork on the island’s south side to defend against a landing. The entire earthwork was about 1,600 feet long and covered the entire island. The three redoubts covered an area about 400 feet by 800 feet. The two principal earthworks were about 150 feet by 175 feet, and the tertiary one was about 75 feet by 100 feet. The Sproule and Ratzer maps show that Red Hook was a low-lying area full of tidal mill ponds created by the Dutch.

text: General Israel Putnam came to New York on April 4, 1776, to assess the state of its defenses and strengthen them.[6] Among the works initiated were forts on Governor's Island and Red Hook, facing the bay. On April 10, one thousand Continentals took possession of both points and began constructing Fort Defiance which mounted one three pounder cannon and four eighteen pounders. The cannons were to be fired over the tops of the fort's walls. In May, Washington described it as "small but exceedingly strong". On July 5, General Nathanael Greene called it "a post of vast importance" and, three days later, Col. Varnum's regiment joined its garrison. On July 12, the British frigates Rose and Phoenix and the schooner Tyrol ran the gauntlet past Defiance and the stronger Governor's Island works without firing a shot, and got all the way to Tappan Zee, the widest part of the Hudson River. They stayed there for over a month, beating off harassing attacks, and finally returned to Staten Island on August 18.[1] It appeared that gunfire from Fort Defiance did damage to the British ships.

text: Samuel Shaw wrote to his parents on July 15:

text:
“
General Howe has arrived with the army from Halifax, which is encamped on Staten Island. On Friday, two ships and three tenders, taking advantage of a brisk gale and strong current, ran by our batteries, up the North River where they at present remain. By deserters we learn that they sustained considerable damage, being hulled in many places, and very much hurt in their rigging. So great was their hurry, that they would not stay to return our salute, though it was given with much cordiality and warmth; which they seemed very sensible of, notwithstanding their distance, which was nearly two miles.
”

tag: table

text: Almost the entire New York metropolitan area was under British military occupation from the end of 1776 until November 23, 1783, when they evacuated the city.

text: Later years and recent history[edit]

text: In 1839, the City of Brooklyn published a plan to create streets, which included filling in all of the ponds and other low-lying areas.

text: In the 1840s, entrepreneurs began to build ports as the "offloading end" of the Erie Canal.[1] These included the Atlantic, Erie and Brooklyn Basins. By the 1920s, they made Red Hook the busiest freight port in the world, but this ended in the 1960s with the advent of containerization. In the 1930s, the area was poor, and the site of the current Red Hook Houses was the site of a shack city for the homeless, called a "Hooverville".

text: From the 1920s on, a lot of poor and unemployed Norwegians, mostly former sailors, were living in the area in what they called Ørkenen Sur ("The Bitter Desert") around places like Hamilton Avenue and Gospel Hill.[7] In 2015 NRK made a documentary about it in Norwegian.[8] There is also an old documentary film about this.[9]

text: In the 1990s Life magazine named Red Hook as one of the "worst" neighborhoods in the United States and as "the crack capital of America."[10] The principal of P.S. 15 in Red Hook was killed in 1992, in the crossfire of a drug-related shooting while looking for a pupil who had left his school. The school was later renamed the Patrick Daly School after that principal, who was beloved within that school.[11]

text: In 2010, Red Hook's first community newspaper, The Red Hook Star-Revue, began publication.

text: In 2012, Red Hook was heavily damaged by Hurricane Sandy.[12]

text: The Mary A. Whalen (tanker) and Lehigh Valley Railroad Barge No. 79 are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.[13][14]

text: Location[edit]

text: Red Hook is a peninsula between Buttermilk Channel, Gowanus Bay and Gowanus Canal at the southern edge of Downtown Brooklyn. Red Hook is in the area known as South Brooklyn, which, contrary to its name, is actually in western Brooklyn. This name is derived from the original City of Brooklyn which ended at Atlantic Street, now Atlantic Avenue. By the 1950s, anything south of Atlantic Avenue was considered South Brooklyn; thus, the names "Red Hook" and "South Brooklyn" were applied also to today's Carroll Gardens, Cobble Hill, Columbia Heights, and Gowanus neighborhoods. Portions of Carroll Gardens and Cobble Hill were granted landmark status in the 1970s and were carved out of Red Hook.

text: Red Hook is the only part of New York City that has a fully frontal view of the Statue of Liberty, which was oriented to face France, the country which donated the statue to the United States following the country's centennial.

text: Red Hook is the site of the NYCHA Red Hook Houses, the largest public housing development in Brooklyn, which accommodates roughly 6,000 residents.[15] Red Hook also contains several parks.

text: IKEA[edit]

text: Red Hook has a large IKEA store (346,000 square feet (32,100 m2)) that opened on June 18, 2008 near the Gowanus Expressway.[16] The building of IKEA was controversial, because it replaced a 19th-century dry dock at 40°40′19.2″N 74°0′47.5″W / 40.672000°N 74.013194°W / 40.672000; -74.013194 (dry dock), which was still in use. Residents cited concerns including traffic congestion, a decrease in property values and destruction of this transit-oriented neighborhood and historically significant buildings in the area.[17]

text: Brooklyn artist Greg Lindquist exhibited a group of paintings in February 2008 in New York City that depicted the IKEA site in process, juxtaposing the maritime decay with the new construction.

text: A report by the New York City Economic Development Corporation announced the findings and recommendations of its Maritime Support Services Location Study. The study found that New York City needs eight more dry docks. According to the report, it will cost $1 billion to replace the one IKEA is using as a parking lot.[18] No schedule for replacement was announced. In addition, IKEA and its contractor demolished Civil War era buildings and exposed the community to asbestos. IKEA's contractor was found to be in "violation for not having filed asbestos work, failing to monitor the air, not posting any warnings, failure to construct decontamination protections before disturbing the asbestos-containing materials, and doing nothing to protect and decontaminate the material, as well as the workers and building waste."[19]

text: A once-free ferry service for shoppers from Manhattan proved more popular than expected.[20] IKEA charges a fare for the ferry but reimburses the fare at checkout with a minimum $10 purchase to deter would-be commuters from using the ferry for non-shopping purposes; the ferry, operated by New York Water Taxi, is still free on weekends.[21]

text: Park[edit]

text: A 58.503-acre (236,750 m2) public park is located in southern Red Hook. It contains a paved path, benches, a flagpole with a yardarm, a drinking fountain, handball courts, softball fields, a soccer and football field, a track and field, picnic tables, the adjacent Sol Goldman Pool, and new trees and plantings. The park is maintained and operated by the New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, and is bordered by Otsego, Bay, Hicks, Lorraine, Court, and Halleck Streets.[22]

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Water[edit]

text: New York City has expanded its water ferry service, operated by New York Water Taxi. This service normally runs between IKEA and Pier 11 in Lower Manhattan, but has added a new stop at Van Brunt Street to support local businesses hurt by Hurricane Sandy. The free ferry runs between 10am and 9pm.[23] Originally, when this free service was first introduced, it proved to be popular with local residents, causing changes in the operating policy to favor IKEA shoppers. Under the current schedule, the ferry runs from Monday to Friday, every 40 minutes from 2pm, $5 for one way. On Saturday and Sunday, it runs free of charge, every 20 minutes from 11am.[24]

text: Red Hook has been served by NYC Ferry's South Brooklyn route[25] since 2017.[26][27]

text: In the spring of 2006, the new Carnival Cruise Lines terminal, the Brooklyn Cruise Terminal, opened at Pier 12 at Pioneer Street, bringing additional tourists.

text: The Red Hook Container Terminal is one of four such facilities in the Port of New York and New Jersey and is the only maritime facility in Brooklyn to handle container ships.[28][29]

text: The transatlantic liner RMS Queen Mary 2 docks in Red Hook.

text: Public transport[edit]

text: Subway service in the area is sparse. The closest subway stops are along the IND Culver Line (F G trains), at either Carroll Street or Smith–Ninth Streets stations.

text: New York City Bus service is also sparse, but popular. The B61 bus route provides service from Hamilton Avenue, through Erie Basin/IKEA Plaza, to Van Brunt Street and then northward, through the Columbia Street Waterfront District and terminates in Downtown Brooklyn. It also connects with the Culver Line's Smith–Ninth Streets station. The B57 bus connects Red Hook with Downtown Brooklyn and Maspeth, Queens.

text: IKEA provides a complimentary shuttle that runs to Smith–Ninth Streets, Fourth Avenue / Ninth Street, and Court Street – Borough Hall subway stations from 3 to 9 p.m. daily, Monday through Friday every half hour, and Saturday and Sunday from 11 a.m. to 9 p.m. every 20 minutes. Non-shoppers also use this service.[24]

text: Planned streetcars[edit]

text: Though electric trolleys have not run in Brooklyn since 1956,[30] activists led by the Brooklyn Historic Railway Association (BHRA) have been trying to revive streetcars in Red Hook since 1989.[31] With permission from New York City’s government to develop a streetcar line running from Beard Street to Borough Hall, in the 1990s BHRA president Robert Diamond collected disused PCC streetcars that had been used in Boston and Buffalo for potential use on the new line.[30] By 1999, Diamond had begun laying new track for the project, but in 2003 transportation officials elected to revoke Diamond’s rights to the route’s right of way, instead intending to sell them to the highest bidder in the event that the project ever moved forward. Diamond’s efforts to secure independent funding were not successful.[32]

text: In 2005, Rep. Nydia Velázquez helped obtain a $300,000 federal grant for a six-month streetcar study.[31] Though BHRA had estimated $10–$15 million would be required to complete the project, the New York City Department of Transportation (NYCDOT) streetcar feasibility study (completed in April 2011) concluded that the 6.8 mile line would cost $176 million in capital funding, plus an additional $6.2 to $7.2 million in annual operating funds. A significant portion of the capital cost would be required to make modifications to Red Hook’s narrow streets in order to allow streetcars to make right turns.[33]

text: Despite finding that Red Hook was underserved by transit, the study concluded that due to a number of factors, a streetcar line would not be an appropriate transit solution for the neighborhood. Because 81.5 percent of Red Hook residents did not own a car and therefore were already dependent on transit, the study estimated that a streetcar would generate only 1,822 daily riders. The study also found that a streetcar would not be a significant upgrade over existing buses in terms of travel times and reliability, and would not likely spur significant economic development unless combined with zoning changes from the New York City Department of City Planning (DCP). Since DCP had designated Red Hook as a “working waterfront,” no such zoning changes appeared to be forthcoming.[34]

text: As of June 2013[update], Diamond had partnered with John Quadrozzi of Gowanus Bay Terminal (a concrete firm), and the Gowanus Canal Community Development Corporation in an effort to revive the project, which he now envisions running partly underground through a 19th-century Long Island Railroad tunnel. Diamond is pursuing federal funding in order to pay for the project, which he estimates would cost $50 million.[35]

text: Vehicular[edit]

text: Red Hook is connected to Manhattan by the vehicular Brooklyn-Battery Tunnel, whose toll plaza and approaches separate it from Carroll Gardens and Columbia Street to the north.

text: The Gowanus Expressway (I-278) also runs through the neighborhood.

text: Events[edit]

text: The Red Hook Waterfront Arts Festival[36] is an annual summer kick-off held in Louis J. Valentino, Jr. Park & Pier featuring dance, music, and spoken-word poetry. Dance Theatre Etcetera, the producers of the event, concentrate local resources for residents and bring in community partners with activities for the whole family.

text: Sunday's at Sunny's is a reading series held the first Sunday of every month, co-sponsored by Sunny's Bar and the independent bookstore BookCourt, and co-ordinated by writer Gabriel Cohen.

text: Red Hook Crit[37] is an annual, unsanctioned bicycle race held on a springtime night on track bikes. It began as an underground event but has grown to become "what is possibly the country's coolest bike race."[38]

text: The Brooklyn Street Circuit is located in Red Hook and hosts the annual New York City ePrix.[39]

text: Notable residents[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Carmelo Anthony (born 1984), basketball player[40]
Al Capone (1899-1947), gangster[10]
Joe Gallo (1929-1972), who was commemorated in Bob Dylan's song "Joey" from the album Desire.[41]
Stephen Kunken (born c. 1971), actor
Jordan Lawson, actor and musician
H. P. Lovecraft (1890-1937), author[42]
James McBride, writer[43]
Norman Mailer, novelist
Sarah Rapelje, for whose family Brooklyn's Rapelye Street is named[5][44]
Hell Razah, rapper, member of hip-hop group Sunz of Man
Matty Rich, director of movies Straight Out of Brooklyn and The Inkwell
Shabazz the Disciple, rapper, member of hip-hop group Sunz of Man
Michael Shannon (born 1974), actor[45]
Peter Steele (1962-2010), member of Type O Negative[46]
Taz (born 1967 as Peter Senerchia), former professional wrestler and current color commentator[citation needed]
Eli Wallach (1915-2014), actor[47]
Michelle Williams (born 1980), actress[48]
Dustin Yellin (born 1975), artist[49]

tag: ul

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Red Hook was the setting for the H. P. Lovecraft 1927 story "The Horror at Red Hook".[50]
In Thomas Wolfe's short story "Only the Dead Know Brooklyn", the narrator, Wolfe himself, rides the subway at night and is warned by someone he meets to not walk around in Red Hook. It is written in transliterated circa 1936 Brooklynese.
The 1954 film On the Waterfront is set in Red Hook, though it was filmed in Hoboken, New Jersey.
The area was used as the setting for Arthur Miller's 1955 play A View from the Bridge.[51]
Red Hook is the setting for the 1961 book Memos from Purgatory by Harlan Ellison.
Red Hook is the birthplace of gangster Joe Gallo, which was commemorated in Bob Dylan's song "Joey" from the album Desire.
In the 1988 film Spike of Bensonhurst, the protagonist moves from Bensonhurst to Red Hook after being chased out of his old neighborhood by the mafia.[52]
Red Hook was the setting for the 1964 novel Last Exit to Brooklyn by Hubert Selby Jr. and the 1989 film of the same name.[53]
Red Hook appears in Bill Murray's 1990 movie Quick Change as the neighborhood in which the robbers get lost and witness two men on bikes apparently having some sort of chivalric fight over honor with garden tools.
The 1991 independent and award-winning film Straight Out of Brooklyn is set in the Red Hook Housing Projects.
In the 1997 film Cop Land, after a white NYPD officer kills two African American motorists who he thought were firing on him, the other officers back him up referring to his past heroic action in Red Hook.
Red Hook figures prominently in Gabriel Cohen's 2001 crime novel Red Hook, nominated for the Edgar award for Best First Novel.
Red Hook is the setting of Reggie Nadelson's 2005 crime novel, also called Red Hook.
Red Hook is featured in Lil Kim's music video for the song "Lighters Up", which plays homage to Lil Kim's hometown of Brooklyn.
Pier 41 at 204 Van Dyke Street was used as the setting of a bar scene in the 2005 Will Smith film Hitch.[54]
A neighborhood based on Red Hook appears in the 2008 video game Grand Theft Auto IV, under the name "East Hook".
The 2008 independent documentary film A Hole in a Fence by D.W. Young chronicles the changing fortunes of Red Hook.
In Cassandra Clare's 2009 book City of Ashes', the main characters drive to this beach as a way to get to Valentine's ship.
The cast of The Real World: Brooklyn, part of MTV's reality television series The Real World, resided at Pier 41 in 2009.[54]
Red Hook is the first dance battle that takes place in the 2010 film Step Up 3D, in the lead up to the World Jam Competition.
The protagonist of the 2011 film The Adjustment Bureau grew up in Red Hook.
It is mentioned in Red Hook Summer, a 2012 American film directed by Spike Lee.
Red Hook is the setting for "Visitation Street", a 2013 novel by Ivy Pochoda.
Red Hook is the birthplace and sometimes current residence of Steve Rogers, also known as Captain America.
Professional wrestler Taz is said to be from the "Red Hook section of Brooklyn, New York".
"The Red Hook" is the name of a cocktail created at Milk & Honey.[55]
Red Hook is featured prominently in the FX TV series The Strain.
Red Hook is the setting of the Type O Negative song "In Praise Of Bacchus" off of the album October Rust, as evidenced by the lyric, "The street lamps light a wet old Red Hook road". The song also references the Brooklyn Bridge and Pier 6.


document_title: Circle of latitude

question_text: what are the 5 major circles of latitude

text: Circle of latitude

text: Major circles of latitude[edit]

text: There are five major circles of latitude, listed below from north to south. The position of the Equator is fixed (90 degrees from Earth's axis of rotation) but the latitudes of the other circles depend on the tilt of this axis relative to the plane of Earth's orbit, and so are not perfectly fixed. The values below are for 17 December 2017:[1]

text:
Arctic Circle (66°33′47.0″ N)
Tropic of Cancer (23°26′13.0″ N)
Equator (0° latitude)
Tropic of Capricorn (23°26′13.0″ S)
Antarctic Circle (66°33′47.0″ S)

text: These circles of latitude, excluding the Equator, mark the divisions between the five principal geographical zones.

text: Equator[edit]

text: The equator is the circle that is equidistant from the North Pole and South Pole. It divides the Earth into the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. Of the parallels or circles of latitude, it is the longest, and the only 'great circle' (a circle on the surface of the Earth, centered on Earth's center). All the other parallels are smaller and centered only on Earth's axis.

text: Equator

text: Polar Circles[edit]

text: The Arctic Circle is the southernmost latitude in the Northern Hemisphere at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24 hours (at the June and December solstices respectively). Similarly, the Antarctic Circle marks the northernmost latitude in the Southern Hemisphere at which the sun can remain continuously above or below the horizon for 24 hours (at the December and June Solstices respectively).

text:
Arctic Circle

Antarctic Circle

text: Tropical Circles[edit]

text: The Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn mark the northernmost and southernmost latitudes at which the sun may be seen directly overhead (at the June solstice and December solstice respectively).

text: The latitude of the tropical circles is equal to the Earth's axial tilt, about 23°.

text:
Tropic of Cancer

Tropic of Capricorn

text: Movement of the Tropical and Polar circles[edit]

text: By definition, the positions of the Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle all depend on the tilt of the Earth's axis relative to the plane of its orbit around the sun (the "obliquity of the ecliptic"). If the Earth were "upright" (its axis at right angles to the orbital plane) there would be no Arctic, Antarctic, or Tropical circles: at the poles the sun would always circle along the horizon, and at the equator the sun would always rise due east, pass directly overhead, and set due west.

text: The positions of the Tropical and Polar circles are not fixed because the axial tilt changes slowly – a complex motion determined by the superimposition of many different cycles (some of which are described below) with short to very long periods. In 2000 the mean value of the tilt was about 23° 26′ 21″.

text: The main long-term cycle causes the axial tilt to fluctuate between about 22.1° and 24.5° with a period of 41,000 years. Currently, the average value of the tilt is decreasing by about 0.47″ per year. As a result, (approximately, and on average) the Tropical Circles are drifting towards the equator (and the Polar Circles towards the poles) by 15 metres per year, and the area of the Tropics is decreasing by 1,100 square kilometres (420 sq mi) per year.

text: The Earth's axial tilt has additional shorter-term variations due to nutation, of which the main term, with a period of 18.6 years, has an amplitude of 9.2" (corresponding to almost 300 metres north and south).[2] There are many smaller terms, resulting in varying daily shifts of some metres in any direction.

text: Finally, the Earth's rotational axis is not exactly fixed in the Earth, but undergoes small fluctuations (on the order of 15 meters) called polar motion, which have a small effect on the Tropics and Polar circles and also on the Equator.

text: Short-term fluctuations over a matter of days do not directly affect the location of the extreme latitudes at which the sun may appear directly overhead, or at which 24-hour day or night is possible, except when they actually occur at the time of the solstices. Rather, they cause a theoretical shifting of the parallels, that would occur if the given axis tilt were maintained throughout the year.

text: Other notable parallels[edit]

text: A number of sub-national and international borders were intended to be defined by, or are approximated by, parallels. Parallels make convenient borders in the northern hemisphere because astronomic latitude can be roughly measured (to within a few tens of meters) by sighting the North Star.

text:
Parallel
Description

70°N
On Victoria Island, Canada, two sections of the border between Northwest Territories and Nunavut.

60°N
In Canada, the southern border of Yukon with the northern border of British Columbia; the southern border of Northwest Territories with the northern borders of British Columbia, Alberta and Saskatchewan; and the southern border of mainland Nunavut with the northern border of Manitoba, leading to the expression "north of sixty" for the territories.

54°40'N
The border between 19th century Russian territories to the north and conflicting American and British land claims in western North America. The conflicting claims led to the Oregon boundary dispute between Britain and the United States, giving rise to the slogan "Fifty-four forty or fight."

52°N
In Canada, part of the border between Newfoundland and Labrador and Quebec.

51°N
The southern limit of Russian America from 1799 to 1821.

49°N
Much of the border between Canada and the United States, from British Columbia to Manitoba; "49th parallel" is a common expression for the border, though the majority of Canada's population actually lives south of the parallel.

48°N
In Canada, part of the border between Quebec and New Brunswick.

46°N
In the United States, part of the border between Washington and Oregon.

45°N
Part of the border between Canada (Quebec) and the USA (New York and Vermont) is approximated by the parallel. Also, in the USA, it approximates most of the border between Montana and Wyoming.

43°30'N
In the USA, the border between Minnesota and Iowa.

43°N
In the USA, much of the border between South Dakota and Nebraska.

42°30'N
In the USA, the border between Wisconsin and Illinois.

42°N
Originally the northward limit of New Spain. In the USA, the southern borders of Oregon and Idaho where they meet the northern borders of California, Nevada and Utah. The parallel also defines much of the border between Pennsylvania and New York.

41°N
In the USA, part of the border between Wyoming and Utah, the border between Wyoming and Colorado, and part of the border between Nebraska and Colorado.

40°N
In the USA, the border between Nebraska and Kansas. The parallel was originally chosen for the Mason–Dixon line, but the line was moved several miles south to avoid bisecting the city of Philadelphia.

38°N
The boundary between the Soviet and American occupation zones in Korea, and later between North Korea and South Korea, from 1945 until the Korean War (1950–1953).

37°N
In the USA, the southern border of Utah with the northern border of Arizona. The southern border of Colorado with the northern borders of New Mexico and Oklahoma. The southern border of Kansas with the northern border of Oklahoma.

36°30'N

The historic Missouri Compromise line. In the USA, defines part of the border between Oklahoma and Texas, most of the border between Missouri and Arkansas. Geographically it is a Westward extension of the border between Virginia and North Carolina and part of the border between Kentucky and Tennessee.

36°N
In the USA, a short section of the border between the Missouri Bootheel and Arkansas.

35°N
In the USA, the southern border of Tennessee, which meets Mississippi, Alabama and Georgia. Also, part of the border between North Carolina and Georgia.

33°N
In the USA, the southern border of Arkansas, which meets the northern border of Louisiana, is approximated by the parallel. Historically, it defined the southern border of the Louisiana Territory.

32°N
In the USA, part of the border between New Mexico and Texas.

31°20'N
Part of the border between the USA and Mexico (Sonora and Chihuahua); the southern border of Arizona and the New Mexico Bootheel.

31°N
Part of the border between Iran and Iraq. In the USA, part of the border between Mississippi and Louisiana, and part of the border between Alabama and Florida.

28°N
In Mexico, the border between Baja California and Baja California Sur.

26°N
Part of the border between Western Sahara (claimed by Morocco) and Mauritania.

25°N
Part of the border between Mauritania and Mali.

22°N
Much of the border between Egypt and Sudan, partly disputed (see also Hala'ib Triangle).

20°N
A short section of the border between Libya and Sudan, and within Sudan, the northern border of the Darfur region.

17°N
The division between Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) and Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) during the Vietnam War.

15°N
de facto maritime border between Honduras and Nicaragua.[3]

13°05'N
Part of the border between Chad and Cameroon, over a stretch of 41.6 km, partly in Lake Chad

10°N
Part of the border between Guinea and Sierra Leone.

8°N
Part of the border between Somalia and Ethiopia.

1°N
Part of the border between Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.

1°S
Most of the border between Uganda and Tanzania, and a very short section of the border between Kenya and Tanzania in Lake Victoria.

7°S
A short section of the border between Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola.

8°S
Two short sections of the border between Democratic Republic of the Congo and Angola.

10°S
A short section of the border between Brazil and Peru.

13°S
Part of the border between Angola and Zambia.

16°S
Part of the border between Mozambique and Zimbabwe.

22°S
A short section of the border between Namibia and Botswana, and parts of the border between Bolivia and Argentina.

26°S
In Australia, the border between South Australia and the Northern Territory, and part of the border between South Australia and Queensland.

28°S
In Argentina, the border between Chaco Province and Santa Fe Province.

29°S
In Australia, much of the border between Queensland and New South Wales.

35°S
In Argentina, part of the border between Córdoba Province and La Pampa Province.

36°S
In Argentina, part of the border between Mendoza Province and La Pampa Province, and part of the border between San Luis Province and La Pampa Province.

42°S
In Argentina, the border between Río Negro Province and Chubut Province.

46°S
In Argentina, the border between Chubut Province and Santa Cruz Province.

52°S
Part of the border between Argentina and Chile.

60°S
The northern boundary of Antarctica for the purposes of the Antarctic Treaty System (see map). The northern boundary of the Southern Ocean.

text: Altitude[edit]

text: Altitude has an effect on a location's position relative to the plane formed by a circle of latitude. Since altitude is determined by the normal to the Earth's surface, locations sharing the same latitude—but having different elevations (e.g., lying along this normal)—no longer lie within this plane. Rather, all points sharing the same latitude and of varying elevation occupy a cone formed by the rotation of this normal around the Earth's axis.


document_title: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix (film)

question_text: timeline of harry potter and the order of the phoenix

text: Plot[edit]

text: The Order of the Phoenix, a secret organisation founded by Albus Dumbledore, informs Harry Potter that the Ministry of Magic is oblivious to Lord Voldemort's return. At the Order's headquarters, Harry's godfather, Sirius Black, mentions that Voldemort is after an object he did not have during his previous attack.

text: Back at Hogwarts, Harry learns that Minister of Magic Cornelius Fudge has appointed a new Defence Against the Dark Arts professor: Dolores Umbridge. She and Harry immediately clash, and she punishes Harry for his "lies" by forcing him to write a message with a magic quill, scarring his hand. When Ron and Hermione notice Harry's scars they are outraged, but Harry refuses to go to Dumbledore, who has distanced himself from Harry since the summer. As Umbridge's control over the school increases, Ron and Hermione aid Harry in forming a secret group to train students in defensive spells, calling themselves "Dumbledore's Army". Umbridge recruits the Slytherin students to expose the group. Meanwhile, Harry and Cho Chang develop romantic feelings for each other.

text: Harry has a vision involving an attack upon Arthur Weasley, from the point of view of Arthur's attacker. Concerned that Voldemort will exploit this connection to Harry, Dumbledore instructs Severus Snape to give Harry Occlumency lessons to defend his mind from Voldemort's influence. The connection between Harry and Voldemort leads Harry to further isolate himself from his friends. Meanwhile, Bellatrix Lestrange, Sirius' deranged Death Eater cousin, escapes from Azkaban along with nine other Death Eaters. At Hogwarts, Umbridge and her Inquisitorial Squad expose Dumbledore's Army. Dumbledore escapes as Fudge orders his arrest. Umbridge becomes the new Headmistress. Harry's relationship with Cho falls apart, as he believes she betrayed Dumbledore's Army to Umbridge. Harry discovers through Snape's memories why Snape hated Harry's father James, who often ridiculed him.

text: Harry has another vision, this one of Sirius being tortured by Voldemort. Harry, Ron and Hermione rush to Umbridge's fireplace to alert the Order via the Floo Network, since hers is the only fireplace not being monitored, but Umbridge stops them before they can do so. As Umbridge tortures Harry, Hermione tricks Umbridge into entering the Forbidden Forest in search of Dumbledore's "secret weapon". She and Harry lead her to the hiding place of Hagrid's giant half-brother, Grawp, only to be confronted by centaurs who kidnap Umbridge after she attacks and insults them. Harry, Hermione, Ron, Luna, Neville and Ginny fly to the Ministry of Magic on Thestrals in an attempt to save Sirius.

text: The six enter the Department of Mysteries where they uncover a bottled prophecy, the object Voldemort was after. However, they are ambushed by Death Eaters including Lucius Malfoy and Bellatrix Lestrange. Lucius reveals that Harry only saw a dream of Sirius being tortured; it was simply a ruse to lure Harry into the Death Eaters' grasp. Harry refuses to give Lucius the prophecy, and a fight between Dumbledore's Army and the Death Eaters ensues. The Death Eaters take everyone except Harry as hostages, threatening to kill them unless he surrenders the prophecy.

text: Harry obliges just as Sirius and Remus Lupin arrive with Order members Nymphadora Tonks, Kingsley Shacklebolt and Mad-Eye Moody. As they attack the Death Eaters, Lucius drops the prophecy, destroying it. Just as Sirius overpowers Lucius, Bellatrix kills Sirius. Voldemort appears, but Dumbledore arrives through the Floo Network moments before Voldemort can kill Harry.

text: A duel between Voldemort and Dumbledore ensues, destroying much of the Atrium, while Bellatrix escapes. After the two prove evenly matched, Voldemort possesses Harry to try to get Dumbledore to sacrifice Harry, but the love Harry feels for his friends and Sirius makes it impossible for Voldemort to remain in his body. Ministry officials arrive before Voldemort disapparates; Fudge is forced to admit that Voldemort has returned and is forced out of his position as Minister in disgrace. Umbridge is removed from Hogwarts and Dumbledore returns as headmaster. Dumbledore explains that he distanced himself from Harry throughout the year hoping it would lessen the risk of Voldemort using their connection. Harry comes to terms with the prophecy; "Neither can live while the other survives."

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Daniel Radcliffe as Harry Potter, a 15-year-old British wizard famous for surviving his parents' murder at the hands of Voldemort as an infant, who now enters his fifth year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
Rupert Grint as Ron Weasley, Harry's best friend at Hogwarts.
Emma Watson as Hermione Granger, Harry's Muggle-born best friend and the brains of the trio.
Helena Bonham Carter as Bellatrix Lestrange, one of Voldemort's most loyal Death Eaters and the cousin of Sirius Black.
Robbie Coltrane as Rubeus Hagrid, the half-giant Gamekeeper and Care of Magical Creatures teacher at Hogwarts and a member of the Order of the Phoenix.
Ralph Fiennes as Lord Voldemort, leader of the Death Eaters, a dark wizard intent on conquering the Wizarding World.
Michael Gambon as Albus Dumbledore, the legendary Hogwarts headmaster and leader of the Order of the Phoenix.
Brendan Gleeson as Mad-Eye Moody, Harry's ex-Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher and a member of the Order of the Phoenix.
Richard Griffiths as Vernon Dursley, Harry's Muggle uncle.
Jason Isaacs as Lucius Malfoy, a falsely pardoned senior Death Eater.
Gary Oldman as Sirius Black, Harry's godfather and a member of the Order of the Phoenix.
Alan Rickman as Severus Snape, the Potions teacher at Hogwarts and the Head of Slytherin
Fiona Shaw as Petunia Dursley, Harry's Muggle aunt.
Harry Melling as Dudley Dursley, Harry's Muggle cousin.
Maggie Smith as Minerva McGonagall, the Transfiguration teacher at Hogwarts and a member of the Order of the Phoenix.
Imelda Staunton as Dolores Umbridge, the new Defence Against the Dark Arts teacher and a plant from the corrupt Ministry of Magic.[8]
David Thewlis as Remus Lupin, Harry's ex-Defense Against the Dark Arts teacher and a member of the Order of the Phoenix.
Emma Thompson as Sybill Trelawney, the Divination teacher at Hogwarts.
Julie Walters as Molly Weasley, the Weasley matriarch and a mother figure to Harry, also a member of the Order of the Phoenix.
Jason Boyd as Piers Polkiss, Dudley's best friend.
Richard Macklin as Malcolm, one of Dudley's friends.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Casting began as early as May 2005, when Radcliffe announced he would reprise his role as Harry.[9] Across the media frenzy that took place during the release of Goblet of Fire, most of the main returning actors announced their return to the series, including Grint, Watson, Lewis, Wright, Leung, and Fiennes.[10][11][12][13][14][15]

text: The announcements of the casting of the rest of the new characters to the series was spanned across 2006. Evanna Lynch won the role of Luna Lovegood over 15,000 other girls who attended the open casting call,[16] waiting in a line of hopefuls that stretched a mile long.[17] Saoirse Ronan was considered for the role.[18]

text: Persistent rumours linked Elizabeth Hurley to the role of Bellatrix Lestrange, although Warner Bros. asserted there was "no truth whatsoever" to reports that she had been cast.[19] As early as August 2005, rumours began linking Helen McCrory to the role.[20] On 2 February 2006 it was announced that McCrory had indeed been cast as Bellatrix.[21] However, in April 2006 she revealed that she was three months pregnant and withdrew from the film because she would not have been able to perform the intense battle sequences in the Ministry of Magic in September and October 2006. The announcement that Bonham Carter had been recast in the role was made on 25 May 2006.[22] McCrory was subsequently cast as Narcissa Malfoy from Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince onwards.

text: The inclusion or cutting of some characters sparked speculation from fans as to the importance of the characters in the final book of the series, which was released just ten days after the film. In April 2006, representatives of Jim McManus said he would be playing Aberforth Dumbledore, Albus' brother and the barman of the Hog's Head, in which Harry and his friends found Dumbledore's Army. A week later WB announced that the role was "very minor", allaying some of the speculation to the significance of the role, which, before the final book, was not even a speaking part.[23] MTV reported in October 2006 that Dobby the house elf, who appeared in the second film, Chamber of Secrets, and in the fifth book, would be cut, opening up "plot questions" as to how the role of the elf would be filled.[24] MTV also reported about a month before the release of the final book that Kreacher, the Black family's house-elf, was cut from the film in one draft of the script. However, after Rowling prodded the filmmakers to include him, saying, "You know, I wouldn't [cut him] if I were you. Or you can, but if you get to make a seventh film, you'll be tied in knots", he was added back into the script.[25]

text: Other minor roles were cut with subsequent drafts of the script. At the US premiere of Goblet of Fire, series producer David Heyman said that former Hogwarts professor Gilderoy Lockhart, played by Kenneth Branagh in Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets, was in the first draft of the script for Phoenix.[26] However, neither Branagh nor the character of Lockhart appears in the final version. Tiana Benjamin was scheduled to return for the film in the role of Angelina Johnson, the captain of the Gryffindor Quidditch team, but she had to withdraw due to a commitment to playing Chelsea Fox in EastEnders. The character, as well as the entire Quidditch subplot, was ultimately cut from the film. She did, however, record sound clips for the Order of the Phoenix video game.[27]

text: The family of footballer Theo Walcott made a cameo appearance in the film. They were signed on by director David Yates, who is the partner of Yvonne Walcott, Theo's aunt.[28][29] Theo himself was due to appear alongside his family, though his commitments to Arsenal Football Club forced him to pull out.[30]

text: Production[edit]

text: British television director David Yates was chosen to direct the film after Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire director Mike Newell, as well as Jean-Pierre Jeunet, Guillermo del Toro, Matthew Vaughn and Mira Nair, turned down offers.[31][32] Yates believed he was approached because the studio saw him fit to handle an "edgy and emotional" film with a "political backstory", which some of his previous television projects including State of Play, Sex Traffic and The Girl in the Café demonstrated.[32] Producer David Heyman supported Yates' comments about the film's political theme, stating that "[Order of the Phoenix] is a political film, not with a capital P, but it's about teen rebellion and the abuse of power. David has made films in the UK about politics without being heavy handed."[33] On the film's political and social aspects, Emma Watson stated that "somehow it talks about life after 7 July, the way people behave when they’re scared, the way truth is often denied and all the things our society has to face. Facing the fact that the authority is corrupted means having a non-conformist approach to reality and power."[34]

text: Steve Kloves, the screenwriter of the first four Potter films, had other commitments. Michael Goldenberg, who was considered to pen the first film in the series, filled in and wrote the script.[35]

text: Rehearsals for Order of the Phoenix began on 27 January 2006, filming began on 7 February 2006 and finished at the start of December 2006.[36][37][38] Filming was put on a two-month hiatus starting in May 2006 so Radcliffe could sit his A/S Levels and Watson could sit her GCSE exams.[39] The film's budget was reportedly between GB£75 and 100 million (US$150–200 million).[4][5] The largest budget of the other films in the series has been the £75 million it cost to make Goblet of Fire.[40]

text: Mark Day was the film editor, Sławomir Idziak was the cinematographer, and Jany Temime was the costume designer.[41] Choreographer Paul Harris, who had previously worked with David Yates several times, created a physical language for wand combat to choreograph the wand fighting scenes.[42]

text: Set design[edit]

text: Stuart Craig returned as set designer, having designed the first four films' sets.[43] There were a number of notable new sets in this film. The atrium in the Ministry of Magic is over 200 feet in length, making it the largest and most expensive set built for the Potter film series to date.[43] Craig's design was inspired by early London Underground stations, where, he said, architects "tried to imitate classical architecture but they used ceramic tile", as well as a Burger King on Tottenham Court Road in London, where "there's a fantastic Victorian façade which just embodies the age".[44][45] The set of Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place contains the Black family tapestry spread across three walls; when the producers told Rowling they wanted to visualise the details of each name and birth year, she faxed them a complete copy of the entire tree.[46] The set of the Hall of Prophecies was entirely digitally built. During a fight scene which occurs there, prophecies crash to the ground and break; had it been an actual physical set, the reset time would have been weeks.[47]

text: The set used for Igor Karkaroff's trial scene in Goblet of Fire was doubled in size for Harry's trial in this film, while still protecting its symmetry.[45] New professor Dolores Umbridge, though she teaches in a classroom that has appeared in films two through four, inhabits an office vastly different from those of her predecessors. The set was redressed with "fluffy, pink filigree" and a number of plates upon which moving kittens were animated in post-production.[48] A 24-hour photo shoot was held to photograph and film the kittens for use on these plates.[49] The quill which Umbridge gives Harry to write lines is designed by the set designers.[48]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Though the producers explored options to film outside of the UK, Leavesden Film Studios in Watford was again the location on which many of the interior scenes, including the Great Hall, Privet Drive and Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place were shot.[50][51][52][53]

text: Locations in England included the River Thames, for the flight of the Order of the Phoenix to Number Twelve, Grimmauld Place, and the flight of Dumbledore's Army to the Ministry of Magic.[54] This sequence also includes such landmarks as the London Eye, Canary Wharf, Big Ben, Buckingham Palace, and the HMS Belfast.[55] Filming at Platform 9¾ took place at King's Cross Station, as it has in the past.[56] A telephone booth near Scotland Yard was used as Harry and Arthur Weasley enter the Ministry,[57] while the crew closed the Westminster tube station on 22 October 2006 to allow for filming of Arthur Weasley accompanying Harry to his trial at the Ministry of Magic.[58] Other scenes were filmed in and around Oxford,[59] specifically at nearby Blenheim Palace in Woodstock.[60]

text: In Glenfinnan, the Hogwarts Express crosses a viaduct, as it has in the past films.[61] Aerial scenes were shot in Glen Coe, in Clachaig Gully,[61] and Glen Etive, which, at the time of filming, was one of the few places in Scotland without snow, making it ideal for a backdrop.[62]

text: Director David Yates stated in an interview that he had originally shot a three-hour film of Order of the Phoenix. However, some material had to be cut out in the final edit, as the movie was 45 minutes too long.[63] Therefore, several locations which were used for various scenes do not appear in the final cut of the film. In Virginia Water, scenes were shot where Professor McGonagall recovers from Stunning Spells,[64] and Burnham Beeches was used for filming the scene where Hagrid introduces his fifth-year Care of Magical Creatures class to Thestrals.[65] Harry skips stones in front of the Glenfinnan Monument in Glenfinnan in another cut scene.[61]

text: Visual effects[edit]

text: The film required over 1,400 visual effects shots, and the London-based company Double Negative created more than 950 of them. Working for six months on previsualisation starting in September 2005, Double Negative was largely responsible for sequences in the Room of Requirement, the Forbidden Forest, the Hall of Prophecies, and the Death Chamber.[66]

text: A new character in the film, Grawp, Hagrid's giant half-brother, came to life by a new technology called Soul Capturing, developed by Image Metrics. Instead of building the character from scratch, the movements and facial expressions of actor Tony Maudsley were used to model Grawp's actions.[66][67]

text: Music[edit]

text: Nicholas Hooper was the composer for the soundtrack of the film, following John Williams, who scored the first three films, and Patrick Doyle, who did the fourth. In the new score, Hooper incorporated variations on "Hedwig's Theme", the series' theme originally written by Williams for the first film and heard in all subsequent ones.[68] In March and April 2007, Hooper and the London Chamber Orchestra recorded nearly two hours of music at Abbey Road Studios in London. The score, like the film and book, is darker than previous instalments in the series. To emphasise this, the two new main themes reflect the sinister new character Dolores Umbridge, and Lord Voldemort's invasion of Harry's mind. A Japanese Taiko drum was used for a deeper sound in the percussion.[68] The soundtrack was released on 10 July 2007, the eve of the film's release.[69] For his work on the film, Hooper was nominated for a World Soundtrack Discovery Award. The trailer prominently features the cues "Divine Crusade" by X-Ray Dog and "DNA Reactor" by Pfeifer Broz. Music.

text: The film also featured the song "Boys Will Be Boys" by The Ordinary Boys.

text: Differences from the book[edit]

text: At 766 pages in the British edition and 870 in the American edition, Order of the Phoenix is the longest book in the Harry Potter series.[70] Screenwriter Michael Goldenberg described his task to cut down the novel as searching for "the best equivalent way to tell the story. My job was to stay true to the spirit of the book, rather than to the letter".[71] Goldenberg said that Rowling told him, the producers, and Yates that "she just wanted to see a great movie, and gave [them] permission to take whatever liberties [they] felt [they] needed to take to translate the book into a movie she would love".[71] Cutting down the book to meet the time frame of the film, Goldenberg explained, became "clearer when [he] figured out that the organising principle of the screenplay was to narrate Harry's emotional journey".[71] He and Yates "looked for every opportunity to get everything [they] could in there. And where [they] couldn't, to sort of pay homage to it, to have it somewhere in the background or to feel like it could be taking place off-screen".[72]

text: One cut Goldenberg had to make, which he "hated" to do, was the absence of Quidditch, the Wizarding sport.[72] "The truth is that any movie made of this book, whoever made it, that had included the Quidditch subplot would have been a lesser film", he said.[71] In the book, Ron grows as a character by trying out for the Quidditch team. "Ron facing challenges and coming into his own in the same way that Harry is, we tried to get that into the film in other ways, as much as possible. So, you feel like, if not the details of that story, at least the spirit of it is present in the film".[71] The change disappointed actor Rupert Grint who had been "quite looking forward to the Quidditch stuff".[73][not in citation given]

text: In a significant scene in the book, Harry sees a memory of his own father humiliating Snape in their school days, and Snape insulting his mother after she stood up for him. In the film, it is abbreviated to an "idea", in Goldenberg's words. "It's an iconic moment when you realise your parents are normal, flawed human beings. ... Things get trimmed out, but I kept the meat of that in there – and that was what really gave me the coming-of-age story."[71] Young Lily Potter did not appear at all, but promotional screenshots show unknown teenager Susie Shinner in the role.[74]

text: The scene at St Mungo's, the hospital where Harry and friends run into classmate Neville Longbottom and learn that his parents were tortured into insanity by Bellatrix Lestrange, was cut because it required the construction of a new set.[71] The main purpose of the action of the scene was relocated to the Room of Requirement after one of Dumbledore's Army's lessons. Also, to speed up the film's climax, several events in the Ministry leading up to Harry's battle with Voldemort were removed, including the brain room.[70] Mrs. Weasley's encounter with a boggart at Grimmauld Place, Ron, Hermione and Malfoy becoming prefects, the appearance of Mundungus Fletcher, and Firenze teaching Divination followed suit.[73]

text: The character of Kreacher the house-elf, who was included in the script only at Rowling's request, has a larger part in the book than the film. In the novel, he is seen saving some of the Black family's artefacts which the Order of the Phoenix throw away, one of which is a locket which becomes extremely important in the seventh book.[75] "It was kind of tricky to raise that in our story, because it's for so much later", Yates said. "We figured we can probably introduce it later, and that's the approach we took".[25] Whilst Kreacher remained, all scenes involving Dobby were cut, and his important actions given to other characters.[70]

text: Rita Skeeter, the journalist played by Miranda Richardson in Goblet of Fire, was also removed. In the book, Hermione blackmails her into writing an article that supports Harry as the rest of the Wizarding world denies his claims.[70] Richardson noted that "it's never gonna be the book on film, exactly. ... They'll take certain aspects from the book and make it something that they hope is going to be commercial and that people want to see".[76]

text: Distribution[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The first trailer was released on 17 November 2006, attached to another WB film, Happy Feet. It was made available online on 20 November 2006, on the Happy Feet website.[77] The international trailer debuted online on 22 April 2007 at 14:00 UTC.[78] On 4 May 2007, the US trailer was shown before Spider-Man 3.[79]

text: Three posters released on the Internet that showed Harry accompanied by six classmates, including Hermione Granger, generated some controversy by the media. They were essentially the same picture, though one advertised the IMAX release. In one poster, the profile of Hermione, played by Emma Watson, was made curvier as the outline of her breasts was enhanced. Melissa Anelli, webmistress of noted fan site The Leaky Cauldron, wrote:[80]

text: Emma Watson is playing a 15-year-old girl, and she herself is under 18. I get the full heebie jeebies thinking about the person who sat there thinking, 'Now, if we cinch her waist a bit, and inflate her bust a bit, and give her some dramatic lighting and more blonde hair, this would be a much better picture.'

text: Representatives for WB later wrote about the poster under fire, "This is not an official poster. Unfortunately this image was accidentally posted on the IMAX website".[81]

text: The video game version, designed by EA UK, was released 25 June 2007.[82] Lego produced just one set, a model of Hogwarts, the lowest amount of sets for a film so far.[83][84] NECA produced a series of action figures,[85] while a larger array of smaller figures was also produced by PopCo Entertainment, a Corgi International company.[86]

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: The film was the third Harry Potter film to be given a simultaneous release in conventional theatres and IMAX. The IMAX release featured the full movie in 2D and the final 20 minutes of the film in 3D.[87] According to estimates in March 2007, by Warner Bros., the film would debut on over 10,000 theatre screens during the summer.[88]

text: The film was released in most countries in a two-week period starting 11 July 2007. WB has tried to stick with day-and-date releases for most countries, except the Middle East and a few minor markets which were to be in holidays at that point. The set of summer releases, even though the films are typically released in the winter, "really maximises our opportunity", said a representative for WB.[88]

text: Previews of the film began in March 2007 in the Chicago area.[89] Under tight security to prevent piracy, WB had security guards patrol the aisles, looking for cell phone cameras or small recording devices, at a preview in Japan.[90] The world premiere took place in Tokyo, Japan on 28 June 2007.[91] MySpace users could bring copies of their online profiles to gain free admission to sneak previews in eight different cities across the country on 28 June 2007.[92] The UK premiere took place on 3 July 2007 in London's Odeon Leicester Square, during which author J. K. Rowling made a public appearance.[93] The US premiere took place on 8 July in Los Angeles.[94] After the premiere, the three young stars of the film series, Radcliffe, Grint, and Watson, were honoured with a ceremony where their handprints, footprints, and "wandprints" were placed in the cement in front of Grauman's Chinese Theatre.[95]

text: Originally, Warner Bros. set the Australian release date as 6 September 2007, nearly two months after the majority of other release dates. However, after complaints from the Australian community, including a petition garnering 2,000 signatures the date was pulled back to 11 July 2007.[96] The release dates of the film in the UK and US were also moved back, both from 13 July, to 12 and 11 July, respectively.[97][98]

text: Even though the book is the longest in the series (over 700 pages), the film is 138 minutes long (2 hours and 18 minutes), the second shortest in the entire film series.[99]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The DVDs included additional scenes, a feature showing a day in the life of Natalia Tena, who played Nymphadora Tonks, an A&E documentary about the films and books, and a featurette on film editing in Phoenix. The DVD-ROM features a timeline and a sneak peek of the next film, Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (2009). The HD DVD and Blu-ray contain additional features, such as the "in-movie experience", a video commentary in which members of Dumbledore's Army share their favourite moments from the production of the film, and "focus points" featurettes on how certain scenes of the film were made.[100][101] The HD DVD also includes an exclusive feature called "community screening", which enables owners of the HD DVD to watch the film together over the Internet.[102] Order of the Phoenix was the seventh best-selling DVD of 2007, with 10.14 million units.[103] The high-definition DVDs had combined sales of 179,500 copies,[103] with more units coming from the Blu-ray version.[104]

text: There was also a third DVD with extras featuring a behind-the-scenes look at the sets of the movie. This can only be found in those purchased at Target stores (Future Shop in Canada) since it is a Target exclusive. The package included a one-time-only code that activated a digital copy of the film, which may be played on a computer with Windows Media Player. The digital copy, however, is not playable on Macintosh or Apple Inc. iPod devices. This issue was partially addressed, with the film being made available on the iTunes Store in the UK but not the US.[105]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened to a worldwide 5-day opening of $333 million, the fourteenth-biggest opening of all time. In the United States, tickets for hundreds of midnight showings of the film, bought from online ticket-seller Fandango, were sold out, making up approximately 90% of the site's weekly ticket sales.[106] In the US and Canada, midnight screenings (very early morning on 11 July) brought in $12 million[107] from 2,311 midnight exhibitions making the showings "the most successful batch of midnight exhibitions ever".[108] In one-night earnings, Phoenix is behind only At World's End, which had debuted four hours earlier on its date.[109] In studio documents leaked in July 2010, it was revealed the film lost Warner Bros. about $167 million.[110][111]

text: In North America, Phoenix earned an additional $32.2 million on Wednesday, post-midnight showings, making it the biggest single-day Wednesday gross in box office history, with a total of $44.2 million from 4,285 theatres.[112][113] That amount topped Sony Pictures' Spider-Man 2, which held the record since 2004 with its $40.4 million take on a Wednesday, until this record was broken in 2009 by Transformers: Revenge of the Fallen with $62 million.[114] It was also the fifth-biggest opening day for a movie in history, at the time, surpassing At World's End's $42.9 million. It earned $1.9 million from a record-breaking 91 IMAX screens, the highest opening day ever for any IMAX day of the week, beating Spider-Man 3's $1.8 million. In the UK the result was similar. The film made £16.5 million during its opening 4-day run, breaking the UK box office record for the biggest 4-day opening weekend ever.[115]

text: Phoenix's gross is at $292 million in the US and Canada, making it the fifth-highest-grossing film of 2007 in these regions,[116] and at £49.2 million,[117] or $101.4 million in the UK[118] Overseas, it has grossed $647.8 million, the seventh-highest grosser ever overseas,[119] for a worldwide total of $939.8 million[3] making it the second-highest-grossing film of the year closely behind Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End's $963 million gross.[120] It became the sixth-highest-grossing film in history at the time, the second-highest-grossing Potter film worldwide,[121] and the second Potter film to break the $900 million mark.[122] As of March 2018, it is the 44th-highest-grossing film of all time[123] as well as the fourth-highest-grossing Potter film in the franchise behind Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 2's $1.341 billion,[124] Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone's $974 million,[citation needed] Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - Part 1's $960 million[125] and the highest-grossing 2007 film in Australia and the UK.[126][127] IMAX Corporation and Warner Bros. Pictures announced that the film has made over $35 million on IMAX screens, worldwide, with an impressive per-screen average of $243,000 making it the highest-grossing live-action IMAX release in history.[128] In South Africa the film opened at number 1 with a total of $944,082.00, being screened at 87 theatres.[129]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 78% based on 244 reviews, with an average rating of 6.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's not easy to take the longest Harry Potter book and streamline it into the shortest HP movie, but director David Yates does a bang up job of it, creating an Order of the Phoenix that's entertaining and action-packed."[131] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 71 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "generally favourable reviews"[132] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale.[133]

text: Charles Frederick of The Telegraph headlined his review "Potter film is the best and darkest yet".[134] Colin Bertram of the New York Daily News gave the film four out of four stars, calling it the best Potter film yet and wrote that "die-hard Potter addicts will rejoice that Yates has distilled J. K. Rowling's broad universe with care and reverence".[135] Mark Adams of The Sunday Mirror, while giving the film four out of five stars, called it "a dark and delicious delight [and] a must-see movie".[136] Rene Rodriguez of The Miami Herald gave the film three stars out of four and wrote that the film "is the first instalment in the soon-to-be series-of-seven that doesn't seem like just another spinoff capitalising on the money-minting Harry Potter brand name. Instead, Phoenix feels like a real 'movie'".[137]

text: Imelda Staunton's performance as Dolores Umbridge and Helena Bonham Carter's as Bellatrix Lestrange were widely acclaimed; Staunton was described as the "perfect choice for the part" and "one of the film's greatest pleasures", "coming close to stealing the show".[138] The Daily Mail described Staunton's portrayal of Umbridge as a "refreshing addition", with the character herself described as "a cross between Margaret Thatcher and Hyacinth Bucket".[139] Bonham Carter was said to be a "shining but underused talent".[140] Variety praised Alan Rickman's portrayal of Severus Snape, writing that he "may have outdone himself; seldom has an actor done more with less than he does here".[141] Newcomer Evanna Lynch, playing Luna Lovegood, also received good word from a number of reviewers including the New York Times who declared her "spellbinding".[142]

text: Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also lauded the three principal actors' achievements, especially Radcliffe: "One of the joys of this film is watching Daniel Radcliffe grow so impressively into the role of Harry. He digs deep into the character and into Harry's nightmares. It's a sensational performance, touching all the bases from tender to fearful". Rolling Stone's review also classified the film as better than the previous four instalments in the series, by losing the "candy-ass aspect" of the first two and "raising the bar" from the "heat and resonance" of the third and fourth.[143] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called the film "the best of the series so far, [with] the laughs, the jitters and the juice to make even nonbelievers wild about Harry".[143]

text: Leo Lewis of The Times (London) expressed disappointment that the three main actors were not able to fully advance the emotional sides of their respective characters, weakening the film.[140] The San Francisco Chronicle complained about a "lousy" storyline, alleging that the first twenty minutes of the film, when Harry is put on trial for performing magic outside of school and threatened with expulsion, but is cleared of all charges, did not advance the plot.[144] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter wrote that Phoenix is "quite possibly the least enjoyable of the [series] so far", and that despite "several eye-catching moments", "the magic – movie magic, that is – is mostly missing". The review also criticised the under use of the "cream of British acting", noting the brief appearances of Helena Bonham Carter, Maggie Smith, Emma Thompson, David Thewlis, Richard Griffiths, and Julie Walters.[145]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: Before it was released, Order of the Phoenix was nominated in a new category at the 2007 MTV Movie Awards, Best Summer Movie You Haven't Seen Yet.[146] On 26 August 2007, the film won the award for Choice Summer Movie – Drama/Action Adventure at the Teen Choice Awards.[147]

text: The film was also nominated for several awards at the 2007 Scream Awards presented by Spike TV, in the categories of The Ultimate Scream, Best Fantasy Movie, and Best Sequel. Daniel Radcliffe was nominated in the Fantasy Hero categories, respectively.[148] The film won for Best Sequel and Ralph Fiennes won for "Most Vile Villain".[149] The film picked up three awards at the inaugural ITV National Movie Awards, taking Best Family Film, Best Actor for Radcliffe and Best Actress for Emma Watson.[150] The film was one of ten nominees for a 2007 Hollywood Movie of the Year.[151] It was also nominated for Best Live Action Family Film at the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards[152] and won the 2007 People's Choice Award for "Favorite Movie Drama".[153] Having been nominated for six awards at the 13th Empire Awards, organised by Empire, including Best Film, David Yates won Best Director.[154] Yates later received the BAFTA Britannia Award for Artistic Excellence in Directing for his four Harry Potter films, which includes Order of the Phoenix.[155]

text: Nicholas Hooper received a nomination for a World Soundtrack Discovery Award for his score to the film.[156] Imelda Staunton was nominated in the "British Actress in a Supporting Role" category at the London Film Critics Circle Awards.[157] At the 2008 BAFTA Awards, the film was nominated for "Best Production Design" and "Best Special Visual Effects".[158] Order of the Phoenix was also nominated for the awards from the Art Directors Guild and Costume Designers Guild,[159][160] and was awarded for "Outstanding Special Effects in a Motion Picture" by the Visual Effects Society out of six nominations.[161] The British Academy Children's Awards (BAFTA) nominated Order of the Phoenix for Best Feature Film in 2007[162] and the Hugo Awards nominated the film for Best Dramatic Presentation (Long Form) in 2008.[163]