document_title: Bosom Buddies

question_text: who sang the theme song to bosom buddies

text: Bosom Buddies

text: Premise[edit]

text: In the pilot episode, after their own apartment is demolished (while they are still asleep in it), two men disguise themselves as women in order to live in the dirt-cheap Susan B. Anthony Hotel (which happens to be female-only). Kip Wilson (Hanks) is originally skeptical of the plan, but after meeting gorgeous resident model/dancer/nurse Sonny Lumet (Donna Dixon), he ends up convincing aspiring writer Henry Desmond (Scolari) that the experience will make a great book. Their co-worker, Amy Cassidy (Wendie Jo Sperber) [who's attracted to Henry] is the only resident in on the plan. The boys’ deception includes outwitting the hotel manager, Darlene (Edie Adams), and fellow resident, Isabelle Hammond (Telma Hopkins), an aspiring singer. When the pilot sold to ABC, the character of Darlene was replaced by Lilly Sinclair (Lucille Benson).

text: In the first season, Kip, Henry, and Amy work for Ruth Dunbar (Holland Taylor) at the New York City-based advertising firm of Livingston, Gentry & Mishkin, where Kip is a graphic artist, Henry is a copy writer, and Amy is the receptionist. Ruth often takes credit for the boys’ work when reporting to her (unseen) boss, Mr. Rubinowitz.

text: The show was barely renewed for a second season. In order to improve the mediocre ratings of the first season, revise the format, and at the same time, do some cost-cutting, it was decided that the part of Lilly Sinclair was superfluous and was written out. As a result, veteran actress Lucille Benson left the series and Telma Hopkins' character of Isabelle became the new hotel manager. Kip, Henry and Amy left Livingston, Gentry & Mishkin to start their own advertising firm, Sixty Seconds Street, with Ruth serving as a not-quite silent partner.

text: In the first episode of the second season, the male characters’ ruse of living in drag is revealed, but they are allowed to continue living at the women-only hotel anyway. Sonny forgives Kip for the deception, and Isabelle, the new hotel manager, agrees to go along with the ruse rather than admit it to the other residents. From this point on, the drag element was de-emphasized and the show moved closer to the creators' original concept of a regular buddy comedy.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Hanks – Kip Wilson/Buffy (when in drag)
Peter Scolari – Henry Desmond/Hildegard (when in drag)
Wendie Jo Sperber – Amy Cassidy, co-worker and friend who knows their secret
Holland Taylor – Ruth Dunbar, their boss
Donna Dixon – Sonny Lumet, Kip's love interest and hotel resident
Telma Hopkins – Isabelle Hammond, hotel resident; hotel manager in season 2
Lucille Benson – Lilly Sinclair, hotel manager (season 1)

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The series was conceived by Miller and Boyett as a male counterpart to their hit sitcom Laverne & Shirley. They originally pitched it as a straightforward buddy comedy done in what they described as "a sophisticated Billy Wilder kind of way." When ABC executives asked Miller and Boyett to explain what they meant by the comparison to Wilder, the producers mentioned Some Like It Hot and ABC bought the show on condition that it would include men in women's clothing, just like that movie. "We weren't there to pitch that," Miller recalled. "And they jumped on it! We drove back to the studio in the car saying, 'Oh my God, what are we gonna do? We have to do something in drag.'"[1]

text: After the cast had been chosen, Miller and Boyett asked Chris Thompson, one of the writer-producers of Laverne & Shirley, to write the pilot and be the series showrunner. Thompson (who would go on to executive-produce such shows as The Larry Sanders Show) said later that he took the job purely for the money, but unexpectedly found it to be "my completely favorite experience in show business", because the network left him and his young cast free to experiment. "We were left alone," he recalled. "Nobody was paying attention to us. We were all really young, but it was like we had daddy's Porsche. We had $500,000 to play with every week."[2]

text: Bosom Buddies was taped on Stage 25 at Paramount Pictures. Stage 25 was also the home of The Lucy Show, Cheers, and its spin-off Frasier.

text: Like many other sitcoms that aired during the 1980-81 television season, Bosom Buddies felt the effects of a strike by the Screen Actors Guild and American Federation of Television and Radio Artists that occurred in 1980. As a result, the show had an abbreviated first season. At first, its ratings were strong. However, ABC kept switching the show's day and time slots, which hurt the first season's overall standing. The second season, with its revised premise, fared even worse, and after more time slot changes by the network, the show was canceled in the spring of 1982.

text: Bosom Buddies was one of the last shows to use the Miller-Milkis-Boyett production team due to Eddie Milkis leaving the company in 1984. This was also one of the last Miller-Boyett sitcoms to be produced by Paramount Television (now CBS Television Studios) before they moved their base of operations to Lorimar Productions (later Warner Bros. Television); Happy Days ended its run in 1984, making the latter the last program to meet cancellation before the Miller-Boyett move to Lorimar, with Valerie being the first since to debut.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: While the pilot episode was shot on film, the rest of the series was shot on videotape.

text:
Bosom Buddies series overview

Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
19
November 27, 1980 (1980-11-27)
April 30, 1981 (1981-04-30)

2
18
October 8, 1981 (1981-10-08)
March 25, 1982 (1982-03-25)

text: Season 1 (1980–81)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

1
1
"Pilot"
Joel Zwick
Chris Thompson
November 27, 1980 (1980-11-27)

Kip and Henry dress up as "Buffy" and "Hildy" so they can live at an all-girl hotel.

2
2
"My Brother, My Sister, Myself"
Chris Thompson
& Don Van Atta
Chris Thompson
December 4, 1980 (1980-12-04)

Kip violates hotel rules by being in Hildy's room after hours.

3
3
"Loathe Thy Neighbor"
Herbert Kenwith
Howard Gewirtz & Ian Praiser
December 11, 1980 (1980-12-11)

After a quarrel with her roommate Amy, Sonny moves in with Buffy and Hildy.

4
4
"Macho Man"
Chris Thompson
& Don Van Atta
Lenny Ripps
December 18, 1980 (1980-12-18)

Tired of being seen by women as a sensitive guy, Henry tries to prove that he can be tough and manly.

5
5
"What Price Glory?"
John Bowab
Roger Garrett
January 1, 1981 (1981-01-01)

Kip and Henry must let go of their moral scruples to get a big advertising account for their agency.

6
6
"Kip and Sonny's Date"
John Bowab
Chris Thompson
January 8, 1981 (1981-01-08)

Kip goes on his first date with Sonny, while Henry dates Ruth's punkish niece.

7
7
"Beauty and the Beasts"
Will Mackenzie
Howard Gewirtz & Ian Praiser
January 15, 1981 (1981-01-15)

After experiencing life as an unattractive woman, Henry realizes that he himself has been shallow in only dating women for their looks.

8
8
"Revenge"
John Tracy
Lenny Ripps
January 22, 1981 (1981-01-22)

All of Amy's friends work together to pull an elaborate sting on a man who dumped her.

9
9
"Amy's Career"
John Tracy
David Chambers & Jack Carrerow
January 29, 1981 (1981-01-29)

Amy gets her big break when she's put in charge of a major advertising campaign.

10
10
"Gotta Dance"
Will Mackenzie
David Lerner & Bruce Ferber
February 5, 1981 (1981-02-05)

Kip casts Sonny in a singing and dancing commercial for the public library.

11
11
"Sonny Boy"
Chris Thompson
& Don Van Atta
Lenny Ripps
February 12, 1981 (1981-02-12)

Buffy and Hildy are shown on TV after foiling a robbery, and Henry's mom recognizes Hildy as her son.

12
12
"How Great Thou Art"
Will Mackenzie
David Lerner & Bruce Ferber
February 19, 1981 (1981-02-19)

Henry arranges for Kip to have an exhibition of his paintings, but the critics don't like them.

13
13
"Kip Quits"
John Bowab
Chris Thompson
February 26, 1981 (1981-02-26)

Kip quits his job rather than change a campaign to please a client. Bruce Vilanch has a bit part in this episode.

14
14
"Only the Lonely"
Tom Trbovich
David Chambers & Jack Carrerow
March 12, 1981 (1981-03-12)

Ruth invites Kip and Henry over to her apartment for an awkward evening of games and calypso music.

15
15
"The Re-Write"
Will Mackenzie
Story by : Chris Thompson
Teleplay by : Howard Gewirtz & Ian Praiser
March 19, 1981 (1981-03-19)

Henry tries to write the story of how their secret identities were nearly discovered, but Kip encourages him to add slapstick comedy or sex.

16
16
"The Show Must Go On"
Will Mackenzie
Howard Gewirtz & Ian Praiser
March 26, 1981 (1981-03-26)

After singing along with a stand-up comedian (Bob Saget), Isabelle gets a chance to sing professionally at a nightclub.

17
17
"The Hospital"
Will Mackenzie
David Chambers & Jack Carrerow
April 2, 1981 (1981-04-02)

Buffy and Hildy go to work at the same hospital where Sonny works as a nurse.

18
18
"Best Friends"
Chris Thompson
& Don Van Atta
Chris Thompson
April 9, 1981 (1981-04-09)

Henry becomes jealous of Kip's friendship with a rock star (Adrian Zmed).

19
19
"Cahoots"
Will Mackenzie
David Chambers & Jack Carrerow
April 30, 1981 (1981-04-30)

Kip and Amy agree to help each other get Sonny and Henry.

text: Season 2 (1981–82)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date

20
1
"The Truth and Other Lies"
Joel Zwick
Lenny Ripps
October 8, 1981 (1981-10-08)

Kip decides to take his relationship with Sonny to the next level by revealing that he and Buffy are the same person.

21
2
"There's No Business..."
Joel Zwick
Chris Thompson
October 15, 1981 (1981-10-15)

Kip and Henry buy their own commercial production house from an unscrupulous salesman (Joe Regalbuto).

22
3
"The Reunion"
Joel Zwick
Gary H. Miller
October 22, 1981 (1981-10-22)

At a reunion of students from his old high school, Henry meets a deaf girl and recalls how badly he treated her on prom night.

23
4
"One For You, One For Me"
Joel Zwick
Jack Carrerow
November 27, 1981 (1981-11-27)

After berating Kip for being irresponsible with money, Henry buys a stolen VCR and is thrown in jail.

24
5
"The Road To Monte Carlo"
Joel Zwick
Gary H. Miller
December 4, 1981 (1981-12-04)

A near-death experience leaves Kip and Henry with a big insurance settlement, which they use to take a trip to Monte Carlo.

25
6
"WaterBalloonGate"
Joel Zwick
David Chambers
December 11, 1981 (1981-12-11)

Kip and Henry drop a water balloon on a car that turns out to belong to Richard Nixon. After being questioned by the Secret Service, Kip is so shaken that he gives up practical jokes.

26
7
"All You Need is Love"
Joel Zwick
Terry Hart
December 18, 1981 (1981-12-18)

Depressed after breaking up with another girlfriend (Stepfanie Kramer), Henry goes to a video dating service, where he meets a beautiful Satanist (Rita Wilson).

27
8
"Other Than That, She's a Wonderful Person"
Joel Zwick
Stu Silver
December 25, 1981 (1981-12-25)

Henry starts dating a pretty interior decorator (Jennifer Holmes) whom Kip detests.

28
9
"The Slightly Illustrated Man"
Joel Zwick
Chris Thompson
January 8, 1982 (1982-01-08)

Kip and Amy decides to prove their commitment to Sonny and Henry by getting tattoos.

29
10
"The Two Percent Solution"
Joel Zwick
David Chambers & Jack Carrerow
January 15, 1982 (1982-01-15)

Amy's small amount of stock in Kip and Henry's company gives her the deciding vote in a shareholder decision

30
11
"Cablevision"
Joel Zwick
Jeff Franklin
January 22, 1982 (1982-01-22)

Kip and Henry produce an episode-length cable infomercial, including an appearance by their special guest star and kidnap victim Penny Marshall.

31
12
"The Grandfather"
Joel Zwick
Story by : Lenny Ripps & Gary H. Miller
Teleplay by : Jeff Franklin & Terry Hart
February 4, 1982 (1982-02-04)

Henry saves the life of a little girl who turns out to be the granddaughter of a mob boss.

32
13
"Hildy's Dirt Nap"
Joel Zwick
Story by : David Chambers
Teleplay by : Jack Carrerow & Gary H. Miller
February 11, 1982 (1982-02-11)

A middle-aged man falls in love with Hildy, so Henry fakes Hildy's death.

33
14
"Kip off the Old Block"
Joel Zwick
Lenny Ripps
February 18, 1982 (1982-02-18)

Kip tries to prevent his parents (Jerry Hardin and K Callan) from breaking up.

34
15
"The Way Kip and Henry Were"
Joel Zwick
Lenny Ripps & Terry Hart
March 4, 1982 (1982-03-04)

The guys recall how they gave up their youthful ambition and went to go work for Ruth.

35
16
"Who's On Thirst?"
Joel Zwick
Terry Hart
March 11, 1982 (1982-03-11)

Kip and Henry spend a weekend in a mountain cabin without anything to eat or drink.

36
17
"Not With My Sister, You Pig"
Chris Thompson
& Don Van Atta
Chris Thompson
March 18, 1982 (1982-03-18)

After Henry dates Kip's sister, the guys get into a fight that lands them in the hospital.

37
18
"Not the Last Picture Show"
Joel Zwick
Lenny Ripps
March 25, 1982 (1982-03-25)

Kip and Henry imagine what life will be like when they're senior citizens.

text: Theme song[edit]

text: The theme song for the opening credits was Billy Joel's "My Life", although it was a re-recorded version with Gary Bennett as the vocalist. Some reruns shown in syndication (such as when USA Network aired reruns, as well as its later runs on Me-TV) and all home video and DVD releases use a vocal version of the show's end credit instrumental theme, "Shake Me Loose", performed by Stephanie Mills, for the opening credits, replacing "My Life".

text: Syndication[edit]

text: Bosom Buddies reruns aired briefly on NBC in the summer of 1984 after Tom Hanks had become a major film star that summer with Splash and Bachelor Party. Reruns also aired on USA Network up until November 18, 1995 as well as on TBS and TV Land up until the mid-2000s. More recently, Bosom Buddies began airing on Me-TV on October 2, 2011 and again on Thursday nights beginning May 29, 2014, as part of the network's "Summer of Me" promotion.

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: CBS DVD (distributed by Paramount) released both seasons of Bosom Buddies on Region 1 DVD. The original theme song "My Life" by Billy Joel was replaced with "Shake Me Loose", a song penned by show creator Chris Thompson, which was used during the show's syndication run. Many of the musical numbers featured during the show's run are edited or eliminated altogether from the DVD releases. Notable in this vein are the songs "Yakkity Yak" (from the episode "Call Me Irresponsible"), "Chances Are" (from "All You Need is Love") and "Rock and Roll Heaven" (from "Hildy's Dirt Nap"). This problem also affected the release of The Odd Couple.

text:
DVD Name
Ep #
Release Date

The First Season
19
March 13, 2007

The Second Season
18
September 4, 2007

text: Pop culture references[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: A shot-for-shot remake of the show's opening credits aired January 23, 2014 on Adult Swim as an installment of current television series Parks and Recreation star Adam Scott's The Greatest Event in Television History.[3] The parody was directed by Lance Bangs and Scott and features Paul Rudd playing the part of Tom Hanks's character Kip, and Scott playing Peter Scolari's character Henry. The theme song "My Life" by Billy Joel is actually sung by Joel instead of the sound-alike version used for the original TV series. In an extended mock "making-of" documentary preceding the opening credits remake, Hanks, Scolari, and Joel make cameo appearances. In Season 5 Episode 20 of the NBC comedy 30 Rock, Hanks makes a cameo appearance wherein he references Bosom Buddies by singing lines from that show's theme song, "My Life".[4]


document_title: Shooter (TV series)

question_text: when does the new series of shooter start

root

text: Shooter (TV series)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Ryan Phillippe as Bob Lee Swagger, a highly trained Force Recon Marine and MARSOC CSO Scout Sniper[10]
Shantel VanSanten as Julie Swagger, Bob Lee's wife[11]
Cynthia Addai-Robinson as Nadine Memphis,[12] an FBI agent investigating Swagger
Eddie McClintock as Jack Payne,[13] a figure involved in the conspiracy against Swagger (season 1)
Omar Epps as Isaac Johnson, a Secret Service Agent who is also a former Force Recon Marine captain, MARSOC CSO, and commanding officer of Swagger[14]
Josh Stewart as Solotov, a Chechen master sniper with whom Bob Lee has tangled before (season 2)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
David Andrews as Sam Vincent, Bob Lee's close friend and lawyer.
David Marciano as Howard Utey, Nadine Memphis' superior at the FBI (season 1)
Lexy Kolker as Mary Swagger, Bob Lee's and Julie's daughter
Tom Sizemore as Hugh Meachum, a CIA black ops operative with mysterious motives (season 1)
Sean Cameron Michael as Grigory Krukov, a Russian FSB agent (season 1)[15]
Beverly D'Angelo as Patricia Gregson, a former National Security Advisor[16]
Desmond Harrington as Lon Scott,a CEO of Anhur Dynamics.
Harry Hamlin as Addison Hayes, a mysterious and powerful mastermind whose agenda will collide with Swagger (season 2)[17]
William Fichtner as Rathford O'Brien, Swagger's instructor.
Jerry Ferrara as Kirk Zehnder, a former marine who always detects a conspiracy and is part of the core team of Bob Lee Swagger
Jesse Bradford as Harris Downey, a D.C. staffer who was once involved with Nadine
Todd Lowe as Colin Dobbs, a former marine in Swagger’s unit, now living in Texas an hour from the Swagger Ranch
Patrick Sabongui as Yusuf Ali, a core member of Swagger’s original Marine team
Jaina Lee Ortiz as Angela Tio, a Marine and part of Bob Lee’s former unit
Troy Garity as Jeffrey Denning, a seasoned investigative journalist who cares deeply about justice being served

text: Production[edit]

text: On July 6, 2016, while filming a scene at Agua Dulce Airpark, actor Tom Sizemore accidentally ran over a stuntman. Sizemore was supposed to enter the Cadillac Escalade and stay there until the scene ended, but the stunt coordinator told him to pull out, not realizing that the stuntman was behind him.[18]

tag: p

text: On July 26, 2017, the second-season episode order was cut back from the planned ten episodes to the eight episodes already filmed due to Ryan Phillippe having broken his leg on July 16, 2017, in an incident unrelated to the series.[19]

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)

2
8
July 18, 2017 (2017-07-18)
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)

3
TBA
June 21, 2018 (2018-06-21)[20]
TBA

tag: table

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Point of Impact"
Simon Cellan Jones
Story by : John Hlavin
Teleplay by : John Hlavin & Jonathan Lemkin
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
1.44[21]

Bob Lee Swagger, a retired Marine Corps sniper, is approached by Isaac, his former captain, now in the secret service, to do some security work before the President's visit to Seattle. His job is to scout the venues for possible sniper nests due to credible threat. However, he is unable to prevent the shot from being taken; the visiting Ukrainian President is killed and Bob Lee is the fall guy. Nadine, a disgraced FBI agent, arrests him.

2
2
"Exfil"
Simon Cellan Jones
John Hlavin
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
1.25[22]

Awaiting arraignment, Bob Lee has to stay alive in federal prison, while the conspirators are trying to get him killed. During one of those botched attempts, Bob Lee manages to escape. He vows to do what he does best: hunt.

3
3
"Musa Qala"
Roxann Dawson
Adam E. Fierro
November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29)
1.67[23]

Since Bob Lee is out in the world, he's the subject of a manhunt. He is able to tell his wife that Isaac is part of the conspiracy and later gets help from a friend at the VA to fake his own death and become a ghost. He trusts Nadine with this secret.

4
4
"Overwatch"
Simon Cellan Jones
T.J. Brady & Rasheed Newson
December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)
1.36[24]

In flashbacks, Isaac is saved by Bob Lee in Afghanistan in a plot to snatch a warlord for the CIA. Meanwhile, the conspirators try to silence Nadine, who started asking the wrong questions, though Bob Lee is just in time to save her.

5
5
"Recon by Fire"
Adam Davidson
Dara Resnik
December 13, 2016 (2016-12-13)
1.30[25]

Bob Lee finds the original bullet used in the assassination and traces it back to a fringe militia. Even though they aren't the source for the bullet, they are preparing for something nefarious and Bob Lee stops them.

6
6
"Killing Zone"
Simon Cellan Jones
Matt Bosack
December 20, 2016 (2016-12-20)
1.53[26]

Bob Lee follows the breadcrumbs, the bullet left, to his former instructor, O'Brien. He tells Bob Lee to find the "black kings", one of only four sniper rifles capable of making the shot. He gives Bob Lee his own black king after they both deal with a clandestine outfit the conspirators send on their path called "Annex B". Nadine is finally able to convince her boss at the FBI some things aren't adding up.

7
7
"Danger Close"
Christoph Schrewe
Tim Talbott
December 27, 2016 (2016-12-27)
1.63[27]

Bob Lee crosses the country to find the shooter while Julie deals with a family betrayal. Meanwhile, Nadine contacts a Ukrainian reporter who can explain the conspiracy. Also, Isaac questions his allegiance.

8
8
"Red on Red"
Kevin Bray
Matthew Newman
January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)
1.43[28]

Bob Lee and Nadine weave a plan to secure the evidence that could expose the conspiracy. Meanwhile, Isaac gropes for an exit strategy, Payne tries to flee, and Julie and Mary face grave danger.

9
9
"Ballistic Advantage"
Christoph Schrewe
T.J. Brady & Rasheed Newson
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
1.42[29]

Bob Lee must broker a dangerous exchange in order to save his family. Meanwhile, Nadine struggles to balance her allegiances to Bob Lee and the FBI. Later, Isaac strikes a tenuous deal for his freedom.

10
10
"Primer Contact"
Simon Cellan Jones
John Hlavin
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
1.45[30]

Bob Lee, Julie, Nadine, and Isaac must work together to breach the Russian Embassy, save Mary, shut down the conspiracy and its remaining players, and prove Bob Lee is innocent once and for all.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"The Hunting Party"
Yuval Adler
John Hlavin
July 18, 2017 (2017-07-18)
1.51[31]

In the season premiere, Bob Lee Swagger and wife Julie join his former Marine unit in Germany and narrowly escape a deadly terrorist attack. FBI Agent Nadine Memphis, meanwhile, takes a job in Washington with Patricia Gregson.

12
2
"Remember the Alamo"
Yuval Adler
Will Staples
July 25, 2017 (2017-07-25)
1.17[32]

Bob Lee investigates the terrorist attack that may have targeted his Marine unit. Memphis helps on the ground in Germany. Flashbacks to Afghanistan help shed light on who might be after them.

13
3
"Don't Mess With Texas"
Jaime Reynoso
T.J. Brady & Rasheed Newson
August 1, 2017 (2017-08-01)
1.16[33]

Bob Lee finds Isaac Johnson in Texas after an attempt on his life. Nadine discovers just how much influence Patricia Gregson wields, and a traumatized Julie fights to stay strong for her family.

14
4
"The Dark End of the Street"
David Straiton
Kate Barnow
August 8, 2017 (2017-08-08)
1.27[34]

Bob Lee and Isaac learn the world's greatest assassin is in the U.S. Flashbacks to a mission in Afghanistan reveal his identity: Solotov. Nadine comes to Texas with suspicions of a conspiracy.

15
5
"The Man Called Noon"
Lukas Ettlin
Jennifer Cacicio & John Hlavin
August 15, 2017 (2017-08-15)
1.19[35]

Bob Lee works to piece together Solotov's motive for targeting their unit. Nadine uncovers a surprise witness to the event that set everything off. Solotov's hunt has him hiding in plain sight.

16
6
"Across the Rio Grande"
David Straiton
Matthew Newman
August 22, 2017 (2017-08-22)
1.20[36]

Bob Lee tracks Solotov's money, pitting himself against a Mexican cartel. Nadine helps a journalist investigate a cover-up involving Bob Lee's unit. Julie shoots a guy's ear off with a gun to vent her frustration

17
7
"Someplace Like Bolivia"
Chloe Domont
John Hlavin
August 29, 2017 (2017-08-29)
1.30[37]

Bob Lee and Isaac must team up to escape a Mexican prison before Solotov finds them. As Nadine digs deeper into Atlas, the cover-up points back to Bob Lee's unit. Julie has problems with the law.

18
8
"That'll Be the Day"
Jaime Reynoso
Scott Gold
September 5, 2017 (2017-09-05)
1.20[38]

Bob Lee tries to draw Solotov into the open, but realizes the Chechen holds the upper hand. Flashbacks reveal the origins of Solotov, while Isaac is courted by his creator in the present.

text: Season 3[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"Backroads"[39]
TBA
TBA
June 21, 2018 (2018-06-21)
TBD

20
2
"Red Meat"[39]
TBA
TBA
June 28, 2018 (2018-06-28)
TBD

21
3
"Sins of the Father"[39]
TBA
TBA
July 5, 2018 (2018-07-05)
TBD

22
4
"The Importance of Service"[39]
TBA
TBA
July 12, 2018 (2018-07-12)
TBD

23
5
"A Call to Arms"[39]
TBA
TBA
July 19, 2018 (2018-07-19)
TBD

24
6
"Lines Crossed"[39]
TBA
TBA
July 26, 2018 (2018-07-26)
TBD

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: Shooter airs on Tuesdays at 10:00 pm on USA Network. The episodes are approximately 43 minutes, and are broadcast in both high- and standard definition. In addition, the streaming service Netflix started to broadcast the series in certain regions worldwide, the first season weekly on November 15, 2016, with a one-day delay with respect to the original United States broadcast.[40]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Shooter received mixed reviews from critics. On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 44%, based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 5.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Ryan Phillippe's efforts aren't enough to salvage Shooter, a tedious, under-developed drama that lacks an original voice or perspective."[41] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the series has a score 60 out of 100, based on 10 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[42]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Point of Impact"
November 15, 2016
0.5
1.44[21]
0.3
1.03
0.8
2.47[43]

2
"Exfil"
November 22, 2016
0.4
1.25[22]
0.3
1.15
0.7
2.40[44]

3
"Musa Qala"
November 29, 2016
0.5
1.67[23]
N/A
1.14
N/A
2.81[45]

4
"Overwatch"
December 6, 2016
0.5
1.36[24]
0.3
1.17
0.8
2.53[46]

5
"Recon by Fire"
December 13, 2016
0.4
1.30[25]
0.4
1.29
0.8
2.59[47]

6
"Killing Zone"
December 20, 2016
0.5
1.53[26]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
"Danger Close"
December 27, 2016
0.5
1.63[27]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

8
"Red on Red"
January 3, 2017
0.5
1.43[28]
0.4
1.40
0.9
2.83[48]

9
"Ballistic Advantage"
January 10, 2017
0.5
1.42[29]
0.4
1.25
0.9
2.67[49]

10
"Primer Contact"
January 17, 2017
0.5
1.45[30]
0.4
1.35
0.9
2.80[50]

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"The Hunting Party"
July 18, 2017
0.4
1.51[31]
0.4
1.26
0.8
2.77[51]

2
"Remember the Alamo"
July 25, 2017
0.3
1.17[32]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3
"Don't Mess With Texas"
August 1, 2017
0.3
1.16[33]
0.4
1.33
0.7
2.49[52]

4
"The Dark End of the Street"
August 8, 2017
0.3
1.27[34]
0.4
1.17
0.7
2.44[53]

5
"The Man Called Noon"
August 15, 2017
0.3
1.19[35]
0.4
1.27
0.7
2.47[54]

6
"Across the Rio Grande"
August 22, 2017
0.3
1.20[36]
0.4
1.22
0.7
2.42[55]

7
"Someplace Like Bolivia"
August 29, 2017
0.4
1.30[37]
0.3
1.24
0.7
2.55[56]

8
"That'll Be the Day"
September 5, 2017
0.4
1.20[38]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A


document_title: White House

question_text: when was the white house moved to d.c

question_tokens: when was the white house moved to d.c

text: White House

text: Early history

text: Following his April 1789 inauguration, President George Washington occupied two executive mansions in New York City: the Samuel Osgood House at 3 Cherry Street (April 1789 – February 1790), and the Alexander Macomb House at 39–41 Broadway (February–August 1790). In May 1790, New York began construction of Government House for his official residence, but he never occupied it. The national capital moved to Philadelphia in December 1790.

text: The July 1790 Residence Act named Philadelphia, Pennsylvania the temporary national capital for a 10-year period while the Federal City was under construction. The City of Philadelphia rented Robert Morris's city house at 190 High Street (now 524–30 Market Street) for Washington's presidential residence. The first president occupied the Market Street mansion from November 1790 to March 1797, and altered it in ways that may have influenced the design of the White House. As part of a futile effort to have Philadelphia named the permanent national capital, Pennsylvania built a much grander presidential mansion several blocks away, but Washington declined to occupy it.

text: President John Adams also occupied the Market Street mansion from March 1797 to May 1800. On Saturday,[5] November 1, 1800,[6] he became the first president to occupy the White House. The President's House in Philadelphia became a hotel and was demolished in 1832, while the unused presidential mansion became home to the University of Pennsylvania.

text:
First Presidential Mansion: Samuel Osgood House, Manhattan, New York. Occupied by Washington: April 1789 – February 1790.

Second Presidential Mansion: Alexander Macomb House, Manhattan, New York. Occupied by Washington: February–August 1790.

Third Presidential Mansion: President's House, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Occupied by Washington: November 1790 – March 1797. Occupied by Adams: March 1797 – May 1800.

Government House, Manhattan, New York (1790–1791). Built to be the permanent presidential mansion, Congress moved the national capital to Philadelphia before its completion.

House intended for the President, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (1790s). Built to be the permanent presidential mansion, neither Washington nor Adams would occupy it.

text: Architectural competition

text: The President's House was a major feature of Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant's' plan for the newly established federal city, Washington, D.C. (see: L'Enfant Plan).[7][8] The architect of the White House was chosen in a design competition which received nine proposals, including one submitted anonymously by Thomas Jefferson.[9]

text: President Washington visited Charleston, South Carolina in May 1791 on his "Southern Tour", and saw the under-construction Charleston County Courthouse designed by Irish architect James Hoban. He is reputed to have met with Hoban then. The following year, he summoned the architect to Philadelphia and met with him in June 1792.[10]

text: On July 16, 1792, the President met with the commissioners of the federal city to make his judgment in the architectural competition. His review is recorded as being brief, and he quickly selected Hoban's submission.[11]

text: Washington was not entirely pleased with the original submission, however; he found it too small, lacking ornament, and not monumental enough to house the nation's president. On his recommendation, the house was changed from three stories to two, and was widened from a nine-bay facade to an 11-bay facade. Hoban's competition drawings do not survive.[citation needed]

text: Design influences

text: The building has classical inspiration sources, that could be found directly or indirectly in the Roman architect Vitruvius or in Andrea Palladio styles; Palladio being an Italian architect of the Renaissance which had a considerable influence on the Western architecture (Palladian architecture). The building Hoban designed is verifiably influenced by the upper floors of Leinster House, in Dublin, which later became the seat of the Oireachtas (the Irish parliament).[12] Several other Georgian-era Irish country houses have been suggested as sources of inspiration for the overall floor plan, details like the bow-fronted south front, and interior details like the former niches in the present Blue Room. These influences, though undocumented, are cited in the official White House guide, and in White House Historical Association publications. The first official White House guide, published in 1962, suggested a link between Hoban's design for the South Portico and Château de Rastignac, a neoclassical country house located in La Bachellerie in the Dordogne region of France and designed by Mathurin Salat. Construction on the French house was initially started before 1789, interrupted by the French Revolution for twenty years and then finally built 1812–1817 (based on Salat's pre-1789 design).[13] The theoretical link between the two houses has been criticized because Hoban did not visit France. Supporters of a connection posit that Thomas Jefferson, during his tour of Bordeaux in 1789, viewed Salat's architectural drawings (which were on-file at the College) at the École Spéciale d'Architecture (Bordeaux Architectural College).[14] On his return to the U.S. he then shared the influence with Washington, Hoban, Monroe, and Benjamin Henry Latrobe.[13]

text: Construction

text: Construction of the White House began with the laying of the cornerstone on October 13, 1792, although there was no formal ceremony.[15] The main residence, as well as foundations of the house, were built largely by enslaved and free African-American laborers, as well as employed Europeans.[16] Much of the other work on the house was performed by immigrants, many not yet with citizenship. The sandstone walls were erected by Scottish immigrants, employed by Hoban,[17] as were the high-relief rose and garland decorations above the north entrance and the "fish scale" pattern beneath the pediments of the window hoods. The initial construction took place over a period of eight years, at a reported cost of $232,371.83 (equal to $3,279,177 today). Although not yet completed, the White House was ready for occupancy circa November 1, 1800.[18]

text: Shortages, including material and labor, forced alterations to the earlier plan developed by French engineer Pierre Charles L'Enfant for a "palace" that was five times larger than the house that was eventually built.[17] The finished structure contained only two main floors instead of the planned three, and a less costly brick served as a lining for the stone façades. When construction was finished, the porous sandstone walls were whitewashed with a mixture of lime, rice glue, casein, and lead, giving the house its familiar color and name.[17]

text: As it is a famed structure in America, several replicas of the White House have been constructed.

text: Architectural description

text: The north front is the principal façade of the White House and consists of three floors and eleven bays. The ground floor is hidden by a raised carriage ramp and parapet, thus the façade appears to be of two floors. The central three bays are behind a prostyle portico (this was a later addition to the house, built circa 1830) serving, thanks to the carriage ramp, as a porte cochere. The windows of the four bays flanking the portico, at first-floor level, have alternating pointed and segmented pediments, while at second-floor level the pediments are flat. The principal entrance at the center of the portico is surmounted by a lunette fanlight. Above the entrance is a sculpted floral festoon. The roofline is hidden by a balustraded parapet.

text: The mansion's southern façade is a combination of the Palladian and neoclassical styles of architecture. It is of three floors, all visible. The ground floor is rusticated in the Palladian fashion. At the center of the façade is a neoclassical projecting bow of three bays. The bow is flanked by five bays, the windows of which, as on the north façade, have alternating segmented and pointed pediments at first-floor level. The bow has a ground floor double staircase leading to an Ionic colonnaded loggia (with the Truman Balcony at second-floor level), known as the south portico. The more modern third floor is hidden by a balustraded parapet and plays no part in the composition of the façade.

text: Naming conventions

text: The building was originally variously referred to as the "President's Palace", "Presidential Mansion", or "President's House".[19] The earliest evidence of the public calling it the "White House" was recorded in 1811.[20] A myth emerged that during the rebuilding of the structure after the Burning of Washington, white paint was applied to mask the burn damage it had suffered,[21] giving the building its namesake hue.[22] The name "Executive Mansion" was used in official contexts until President Theodore Roosevelt established the formal name by having "White House–Washington" engraved on the stationery in 1901.[23][24] The current letterhead wording and arrangement "The White House" with the word "Washington" centered beneath goes back to the administration of Franklin D. Roosevelt.[24]

text: Although the structure was not completed until some years after the presidency of George Washington, there is speculation that the name of the traditional residence of the President of the United States may have derived from Martha Washington's home, White House Plantation in Virginia, where the nation's first President had courted the First Lady in the mid-18th century.[25]

text: Evolution of the White House

text: Early use, the 1814 fire, and rebuilding

text: On Saturday, November 1, 1800, John Adams became the first president to take residence in the building.[17] During Adams' second day in the house, he wrote a letter to his wife Abigail, containing a prayer for the house. Adams wrote:

text: I pray Heaven to bestow the best of blessings on this House, and all that shall hereafter inhabit it. May none but honest and wise men ever rule under this roof.[26]

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt had Adams's blessing carved into the mantel in the State Dining Room.[26]

text: Adams lived in the house only briefly before Thomas Jefferson moved into the "pleasant country residence"[27] in 1801. Despite his complaints that the house was too big ("big enough for two emperors, one pope, and the grand lama in the bargain"[28]), Jefferson considered how the White House might be added to. With Benjamin Henry Latrobe, he helped lay out the design for the East and West Colonnades, small wings that help conceal the domestic operations of laundry, a stable and storage.[17] Today, Jefferson's colonnades link the residence with the East and West Wings.[17]

text: In 1814, during the War of 1812, the White House was set ablaze by British troops[29] during the Burning of Washington, in retaliation for burning Upper Canada's Parliament Buildings in the Battle of York; much of Washington was affected by these fires as well. Only the exterior walls remained, and they had to be torn down and mostly reconstructed because of weakening from the fire and subsequent exposure to the elements, except for portions of the south wall. Of the numerous objects taken from the White House when it was ransacked by British troops, only two have been recovered. Employees and slaves rescued a painting of George Washington,[29] and in 1939, a Canadian man returned a jewelry box to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, claiming that his grandfather had taken it from Washington. Some observers allege that most of these spoils were lost when a convoy of British ships led by HMS Fantome sank en route to Halifax off Prospect during a storm on the night of November 24, 1814,[30][31] even though Fantome had no involvement in that action.[32]

text: After the fire, President James Madison resided in The Octagon House from 1814 to 1815, and then the Seven Buildings from 1815 to the end of his term.[33] Meanwhile, both architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe and Hoban contributed to the design and oversight of the reconstruction, which lasted from 1815 until 1817. The south portico was constructed in 1824 during the James Monroe administration; the north portico was built six years later.[17] Though Latrobe proposed similar porticos before the fire in 1814, both porticos were built as designed by Hoban.[34] An elliptical portico at Château de Rastignac in La Bachellerie, France with nearly identical curved stairs is speculated as the source of inspiration due to its similarity with the South Portico,[35] although this matter is one of great debate.[36] Italian artisans, brought to Washington to help in constructing the U.S. Capitol, carved the decorative stonework on both porticos. Contrary to speculation, the North Portico was not modeled on a similar portico on another Dublin building, the Viceregal Lodge (now Áras an Uachtaráin, residence of the President of Ireland), for its portico postdates the White House porticos' design.[35] For the North Portico, a variation on the Ionic Order was devised incorporating a swag of roses between the volutes. This was done to link the new portico with the earlier carved roses above the entrance.

text:
The White House as it looked following the conflagration of August 24, 1814

Jefferson and Latrobe's West Wing Colonnade in this nineteenth-century engraved view, is now the James S. Brady Press Briefing Room.

Principal story plan for the white house by Benjamin Henry Latrobe, 1807.

Earliest known photograph of the White House, taken c. 1846 by John Plumbe during the administration of James K. Polk.

text: Overcrowding and building the West Wing

text: By the time of the American Civil War, the White House had become overcrowded. The location of the White House was questioned, just north of a canal and swampy lands, which provided conditions ripe for malaria and other unhealthy conditions.[37] Brigadier General Nathaniel Michler was tasked to propose solutions to address these concerns. He proposed abandoning the use of the White House as a residence and designed a new estate for the first family at Meridian Hill in Washington, D.C., but Congress rejected the plan.[37]

text: When Chester Arthur took office in 1881, he ordered renovations to the White House to take place as soon as the recently widowed Lucretia Garfield moved out. Arthur inspected the work almost nightly and made several suggestions. Louis Comfort Tiffany was asked to send selected designers to assist. Over twenty wagonloads of furniture and household items were removed from the building and sold at a public auction.[38] All that was saved were bust portraits of John Adams and Martin Van Buren.[39] A proposal was made to build a new residence south of the White House, but it failed to gain support.

text: In the fall of 1882 work was done on the main corridor, including tinting the walls pale olive and adding squares of gold leaf, and decorating the ceiling in gold and silver, and colorful traceries woven to spell "USA". The Red Room was painted a dull Pomeranian red, and its ceiling was decorated with gold, silver, and copper stars and stripes of red, white, and blue. A fifty-foot jeweled Tiffany glass screen, supported by imitation marble columns, replaced the glass doors that separated the main corridor from the north vestibule.[40][41]

text: In 1891, First Lady Caroline Harrison proposed major extensions to the White House, including a National Wing on the east for a historical art gallery, and a wing on the west for official functions.[37] A plan was devised by Colonel Theodore A. Bingham, which reflected the Harrison proposal.[37] These plans were ultimately rejected.

text: However, in 1902 Theodore Roosevelt hired McKim, Mead & White to carry out expansions and renovations in a neoclassical style suited to the building's architecture, removing the Tiffany screen and all Victorian additions.[42][43] Charles McKim himself designed and managed the project, which gave more living space to the President's large family by removing a staircase in the West Hall and moving executive office staff from the second floor of the residence into the new West Wing.[17]

text: President William Howard Taft enlisted the help of architect Nathan C. Wyeth to add additional space to the West Wing, which included the addition of the Oval Office.[37] In 1925, Congress enacted legislation allowing the White House to accept gifts of furniture and art for the first time.[44] The West Wing was damaged by fire in 1929, but rebuilt during the remaining years of the Herbert Hoover presidency. In the 1930s, a second story was added, as well as a larger basement for White House staff, and President Franklin Roosevelt had the Oval Office moved to its present location: adjacent to the Rose Garden.[17]

text: Truman reconstruction

text: Decades of poor maintenance, the construction of a fourth story attic during the Coolidge administration, and the addition of a second-floor balcony over the south portico for Harry S. Truman[45] took a great toll on the brick and sandstone structure built around a timber frame.[17] By 1948, the house was declared to be in imminent danger of collapse, forcing President Truman to commission a reconstruction and to live across the street at Blair House from 1949 to 1951.[46] The work, done by the firm of Philadelphia contractor John McShain, required the complete dismantling of the interior spaces, construction of a new load-bearing internal steel frame and the reconstruction of the original rooms within the new structure.[45] The total cost of the renovations was about $5.7 million (US$ 53 million in 2017).[47] Some modifications to the floor plan were made, the largest being the repositioning of the grand staircase to open into the Entrance Hall, rather than the Cross Hall.[45] Central air conditioning was added, as well as two additional sub-basements providing space for workrooms, storage, and a bomb shelter.[17] The Trumans moved back into the White House on March 27, 1952.[17] While the house's structure was kept intact by the Truman reconstruction, much of the new interior finishes were generic, and of little historic value. Much of the original plasterwork, some dating back to the 1814–1816 rebuilding, was too damaged to reinstall, as was the original robust Beaux Arts paneling in the East Room. President Truman had the original timber frame sawed into paneling; the walls of the Vermeil Room, Library, China Room, and Map Room on the ground floor of the main residence were paneled in wood from the timbers.[48]

text: Jacqueline Kennedy restoration

text: Jacqueline Kennedy, wife of President John F. Kennedy (1961–63), directed a very extensive and historic redecoration of the house. She enlisted the help of Henry Francis du Pont of the Winterthur Museum to assist in collecting artifacts for the mansion, many of which had once been housed there.[49] Other antiques, fine paintings, and improvements of the Kennedy period were donated to the White House by wealthy philanthropists, including the Crowninshield family, Jane Engelhard, Jayne Wrightsman, and the Oppenheimer family. Stéphane Boudin of the House of Jansen, a Paris interior-design firm that had been recognized worldwide, was employed by Mrs. Kennedy to assist with the decoration.[49] Different periods of the early republic and world history were selected as a theme for each room: the Federal style for the Green Room, French Empire for the Blue Room, American Empire for the Red Room, Louis XVI for the Yellow Oval Room, and Victorian for the president's study, renamed the Treaty Room. Antique furniture was acquired, and decorative fabric and trim based on period documents was produced and installed. The Kennedy restoration resulted in a more authentic White House of grander stature, which recalled the French taste of Madison and Monroe.[49] In the Diplomatic Reception Room, Mrs. Kennedy installed an antique "Vue de l'Amérique Nord" wall paper which Zuber & Cie had designed in 1834. The wallpaper had hung previously on the walls of another mansion until 1961 when that house was demolished for a grocery store. Just before the demolition, the wallpaper was salvaged and sold to the White House.

text: The first White House guidebook was produced under the direction of curator Lorraine Waxman Pearce with direct supervision from Mrs. Kennedy.[50] Sale of the guidebook helped finance the restoration.

text: Kennedy showed her restoration of the White House to the public in a televised tour of the house on Valentine's Day in 1962.[51]

text: The White House since the Kennedy restoration

text: Congress enacted legislation in September 1961 declaring the White House a museum. Furniture, fixtures, and decorative arts could now be declared either historic or of artistic interest by the President. This prevented them from being sold (as many objects in the executive mansion had been in the past 150 years). When not in use or display at the White House, these items were to be turned over to the Smithsonian Institution for preservation, study, storage, or exhibition. The White House retains the right to have these items returned.[52]

text: Out of respect for the historic character of the White House, no substantive architectural changes have been made to the house since the Truman renovation.[53] Since the Kennedy restoration, every presidential family has made some changes to the private quarters of the White House, but the Committee for the Preservation of the White House must approve any modifications to the State Rooms. Charged with maintaining the historical integrity of the White House, the congressionally authorized committee works with each First Family—usually represented by the First Lady, the White House Curator, and the Chief Usher—to implement the family's proposals for altering the house.[54]

text: During the Nixon administration (1969–74), First Lady Pat Nixon refurbished the Green Room, Blue Room, and Red Room, working with Clement Conger, the curator appointed by President Richard Nixon.[55] Mrs. Nixon's efforts brought more than 600 artifacts to the house, the largest acquisition by any administration.[56] Her husband created the modern press briefing room over Franklin Roosevelt's old swimming pool.[57] Nixon also added a single-lane bowling alley to the White House basement.[58]

text: Computers and the first laser printer were added during the Carter administration, and the use of computer technology was expanded during the Reagan administration.[59] A Carter-era innovation, a set of solar water heating panels that were mounted on the roof of the White House, was removed during Reagan's presidency.[60][61] Redecorations were made to the private family quarters and maintenance was made to public areas during the Reagan years.[62] The house was accredited as a museum in 1988.[62]

text: In the 1990s, Bill and Hillary Clinton refurbished some rooms with the assistance of Arkansas decorator Kaki Hockersmith, including the Oval Office, the East Room, Blue Room, State Dining Room, Lincoln Bedroom, and Lincoln Sitting Room.[63] During the administration of George W. Bush, First Lady Laura Bush refurbished the Lincoln Bedroom in a style contemporary with the Lincoln era; the Green Room, Cabinet Room, and theater were also refurbished.[63]

text: The White House became one of the first wheelchair-accessible government buildings in Washington when modifications were made during the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt, who used a wheelchair because of his paralytic illness. In the 1990s, Hillary Clinton, at the suggestion of Visitors Office Director Melinda N. Bates, approved the addition of a ramp in the East Wing corridor. It allowed easy wheelchair access for the public tours and special events that enter through the secure entrance building on the east side.

text: In 2003, the Bush administration reinstalled solar thermal heaters.[61] These units are used to heat water for landscape maintenance personnel and for the presidential pool and spa. 167 solar photovoltaic grid tied panels were installed at the same time on the roof of the maintenance facility. The changes were not publicized as a White House spokeswoman said the changes were an internal matter. The story was picked up by industry trade journals.[64] In 2013, President Barack Obama had a set of solar panels installed on the roof of the White House, making it the first time solar power would be used for the president's living quarters.[65][66]

text: The president usually travels to and from the White House grounds via official motorcade or helicopter. The journey by helicopter was inaugurated in the 1950s, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower began traveling on Marine One to and from his official residence.[67]

text: Layout and amenities

text: Today the group of buildings housing the presidency is known as the White House Complex. It includes the central Executive Residence flanked by the East Wing and West Wing. The Chief Usher coordinates day to day household operations. The White House includes: six stories and 55,000 ft2 (5,100 m2) of floor space, 132 rooms and 35 bathrooms, 412 doors, 147 windows, twenty-eight fireplaces, eight staircases, three elevators, five full-time chefs, a tennis court, a (single-lane) bowling alley (officially called the Harry S. Truman Bowling Alley), a movie theater (officially called the White House Family Theater[68]), a jogging track, a swimming pool, and a putting green.[24] It receives up to 30,000 visitors each week.[69]

text: Executive Residence

text: The original residence is in the center. Two colonnades—one on the east and one on the west—designed by Jefferson, now serve to connect the East and West Wings, added later. The Executive Residence houses the president's dwelling, as well as rooms for ceremonies and official entertaining. The State Floor of the residence building includes the East Room, Green Room, Blue Room, Red Room, State Dining Room, Family Dining Room, Cross Hall, Entrance Hall, and Grand Staircase.[70] The Ground Floor is made up of the Diplomatic Reception Room, Map Room, China Room, Vermeil Room, Library, the main kitchen, and other offices.[71] The second floor family residence includes the Yellow Oval Room, East and West Sitting Halls, the White House Master Bedroom, President's Dining Room, the Treaty Room, Lincoln Bedroom and Queens' Bedroom, as well as two additional bedrooms, a smaller kitchen, and a private dressing room.[72] The third floor consists of the White House Solarium, Game Room, Linen Room, a Diet Kitchen, and another sitting room (previously used as President George W. Bush's workout room).[73]

text: West Wing

text: The West Wing houses the President's office (the Oval Office) and offices of his senior staff, with room for about 50 employees. It also includes the Cabinet Room, where the president conducts business meetings and where the Cabinet meets,[74] as well as the White House Situation Room, James S. Brady Press Briefing Room, and Roosevelt Room.[75] In 2007, work was completed on renovations of the press briefing room, adding fiber optic cables and LCD screens for the display of charts and graphs.[76] The makeover took 11 months and cost $8 million, of which news outlets paid $2 million.[76] In September 2010, a two-year project began on the West Wing, creating a multistory underground structure;[77] this will be followed with additional renovation of the wing.[78]

text: The Oval Office, Roosevelt Room, and other portions of the West Wing were partially replicated on a sound stage and used as the setting for the popular television show The West Wing.[79]

text: East Wing

text: The East Wing, which contains additional office space, was added to the White House in 1942. Among its uses, the East Wing has intermittently housed the offices and staff of the First Lady, and the White House Social Office. Rosalynn Carter, in 1977, was the first to place her personal office in the East Wing and to formally call it the "Office of the First Lady". The East Wing was built during World War II in order to hide the construction of an underground bunker to be used in emergencies. The bunker has come to be known as the Presidential Emergency Operations Center.

text: Grounds

text: The White House and grounds cover just over 18 acres (about 7.3 hectares). Before the construction of the North Portico, most public events were entered from the South Lawn, which was graded and planted by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson also drafted a planting plan for the North Lawn that included large trees that would have mostly obscured the house from Pennsylvania Avenue. During the mid-to-late 19th century a series of ever larger greenhouses were built on the west side of the house, where the current West Wing is located. During this period, the North Lawn was planted with ornate carpet-style flowerbeds. The general layout of the White House grounds today is based on the 1935 design by Frederick Law Olmsted Jr. of the Olmsted Brothers firm, commissioned by President Franklin D. Roosevelt. During the Kennedy administration, the White House Rose Garden was redesigned by Rachel Lambert Mellon. The Rose Garden borders the West Colonnade. Bordering the East Colonnade is the Jacqueline Kennedy Garden, which was begun by Jacqueline Kennedy but completed after her husband's assassination. On the weekend of June 23, 2006, a century-old American Elm (Ulmus americana L.) tree on the north side of the building, came down during one of the many storms amid intense flooding. Among the oldest trees on the grounds are several magnolias (Magnolia grandiflora) planted by Andrew Jackson. Michelle Obama planted the White House's first organic garden and installed beehives on the South Lawn of the White House, which will supply organic produce and honey to the First Family and for state dinners and other official gatherings.[80]

text:
The Cross Hall, connecting the State Dining Room and the East Room on the State Floor

Marine One prepares for landing on the South Lawn where State Arrival Ceremonies for visiting heads of state take place.

Yellow Oval Room in the private, second-floor family residence centered directly above the Blue Room

The White House and surrounding grounds

The White House with fountain and grounds

White House from the north

text: Public access and security

text: Historical accessibility

text: Like the English and Irish country houses it was modeled on, the White House was, from the start, open to the public until the early part of the 20th century. President Thomas Jefferson held an open house for his second inaugural in 1805, and many of the people at his swearing-in ceremony at the Capitol followed him home, where he greeted them in the Blue Room. Those open houses sometimes became rowdy: in 1829, President Andrew Jackson had to leave for a hotel when roughly 20,000 citizens celebrated his inauguration inside the White House. His aides ultimately had to lure the mob outside with washtubs filled with a potent cocktail of orange juice and whiskey. Even so, the practice continued until 1885, when newly elected Grover Cleveland arranged for a presidential review of the troops from a grandstand in front of the White House instead of the traditional open house. Jefferson also permitted public tours of his house, which have continued ever since, except during wartime, and began the tradition of annual receptions on New Year's Day and on the Fourth of July. Those receptions ended in the early 1930s, although President Bill Clinton would briefly revive the New Year's Day open house in his first term.

text: The White House remained accessible in other ways; President Abraham Lincoln complained that he was constantly beleaguered by job seekers waiting to ask him for political appointments or other favors, or eccentric dispensers of advice like "General" Daniel Pratt, as he began the business day. Lincoln put up with the annoyance rather than risk alienating some associate or friend of a powerful politician or opinion maker.[citation needed]

text: Aviation incidents

text: This section needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (April 2015)

text: In February 1974, a stolen army helicopter landed without authorization on the White House's grounds.[81] Twenty years later, in 1994, a light plane crashed on the White House grounds, and the pilot died instantly.[82]

text: As a result of increased security regarding air traffic in the capital, the White House was evacuated in May 2005 before an unauthorized aircraft could approach the grounds.[83]

text: Closure of Pennsylvania Avenue

text: On May 20, 1995, primarily as a response to the Oklahoma City bombing of April 19, 1995, the United States Secret Service closed off Pennsylvania Avenue to vehicular traffic in front of the White House from the eastern edge of Lafayette Park to 17th Street. Later, the closure was extended an additional block to the east to 15th Street, and East Executive Avenue, a small street between the White House and the Treasury Building.

text: After September 11, 2001, this was made permanent in addition to closing E Street between the South Portico of the White House and the Ellipse.[84] In response to the Boston Marathon bombing the road was closed to the public in its entirety for a period of two days.

text: The Pennsylvania Avenue closing has been opposed by organized civic groups in Washington, D.C. They argue that the closing impedes traffic flow unnecessarily and is inconsistent with the well-conceived historic plan for the city. As for security considerations, they note that the White House is set much farther back from the street than numerous other sensitive federal buildings are.[85]

text: Prior to its inclusion within the fenced compound that now includes the Old Executive Office Building to the west and the Treasury Building to the east, this sidewalk served as a queuing area for the daily public tours of the White House. These tours were suspended in the wake of the September 11 attacks. In September 2003, they resumed on a limited basis for groups making prior arrangements through their Congressional representatives or embassies in Washington for foreign nationals and submitting to background checks, but the White House remained closed to the public.[86] White House tours were suspended for most of 2013 due to budget constraints after sequestration.[87] The White House reopened to the public in November 2013.[88]

text: Protection

text: The White House Complex is protected by the United States Secret Service and the United States Park Police.

text: NASAMS (Norwegian Advanced Surface to Air Missile System) were used to guard air space over Washington, D.C. during the 2005 presidential inauguration. The same NASAMS units have since been used to protect the president and all air space around the White House, which is strictly prohibited to aircraft.[89][90]

text:
For security reasons, the section of Pennsylvania Avenue on the north side of the White House is closed to all vehicular traffic, except government officials.

White House at night

North front of the White House on the reverse (back) of the U.S. $20 bill.


document_title: List of sled dog races

question_text: the annual canadian challenge sled dog race takes place in what province

text: List of sled dog races

text: Sprint races[edit]

text:
Apostle Islands Sled Dog Race - The largest sled dog race in the Midwestern United States, held at Bayfield, Wisconsin, on a 60-mile course. Aisdr.org
Baltic Winter Cup — Series of sleddog races across the Baltic states, on snow as well as on dryland. "Baltic cup"
ADVANCE Sled Dog Challenge — The only snow based sled dog race event staged in Australia. Short-distance sprint races take place annually at Dinner Plain Village located north east in the Victorian High Country. see www.sleddogchallenge.com and www.visitdinnerplain.com. "Advance Pet Foods Sled Dog Challenge"
American Dog Derby — Oldest dog sled race in the United States.[3]
Avannaata Qimussersua is Greenland's championship in dog sled racing, using the typically Greenlandic fan formation with 12 dogs. The championship includes all West-Greenland settlements north of the Arctic circle and is held annually in March or April. The route covers about 40 kilometres, mainly on land but occasionally  crossing lake and sea ice. In 2013 and 2014, it was held in the town of Ilulissat.[4]
Big Land Challenge Dog Team Race — Annual 20-kilometer race in Goose Bay, Labrador.[5]
Open North American Championship — Culminating event of the Alaska Dog Mushers Association competition season.[6]
1932 Olympics Race — Demonstration race involving two 25.1-mile heats.
Tok Dog Mushers Association Race of Champions — An Alaska Dog Mushers Association event hosted annually in Tok, Alaska for more than 50 years.[7]
Western Alaska Championship Sled Dog Race — Annual three-day, 15–20-mile sprint race held in Dillingham, Alaska, as part of the Beaver Round-Up celebration.[8]
Caledonia Classic Dog Sled Races - Annual 3-day event on and adjacent to beautiful Stuart Lake in Fort St. James, BC, Canada.  150 km races plus sprints on well maintained trails both on and off lake.

text: Mid-distance races[edit]

text:
Can-Am Crown — Annual 250-mile race in Fort Kent, Maine.[9]
Copper Basin 300 — Annual 300-mile race starting at Lake Louise, Alaska.[10]
CopperDog 150 — Annual 150-mile race starting at Calumet, MI.[11]
Défi Taïga 200 — Annual 200-km race starting and ending in Fermont, Quebec.
Eagle Cap Extreme Sled Dog Race — Annual 200-mile race in Oregon.[12]
Gin Gin 200 — Annual 200-mile sled dog race starting in Paxson, Alaska.[13]
Hudson Bay Quest - Hudson Bay Quest. The Hudson Bay Quest is a 211-mile wilderness race run every March from Churchill, Manitoba to Gillam, Manitoba (reversed annually). Trail terrain will range from lakes, rivers, tundra and snow roads. Possible snow storms or ground blizzards may stop your progression for up to 36 hours. There is possibility of encountering severe weather conditions. Past races have had temperatures of +2 – 5 C with rain to -30 C with 40 kilometer winds equalling -45 C.
John Beargrease Dog Sled Race - Annual 400-mile race held in January, starting in Duluth, Minnesota.
Klondike 300 — Annual 300-mile race starting in Big Lake, Alaska.[14]
Knik 200 Joe Redington Sr. Memorial Sled Dog Race — Annual 200-mile race starting in Knik, Alaska
Kuskokwim 300 — Annual 300-mile race on the Kuskokwim River in Alaska.
Nome-Council 200 — Annual 200-mile race from Nome to Council and back in Alaska. This race takes place in March and is an Iditarod Qualifier.[15][16][17]
Nunavut Quest — Annual sled dog race from Igloolik, Nunavut to Arctic Bay, Nunavut.[18]
Percy DeWolfe Memorial Mail Race — Annual 320 km race from Dawson City, Yukon to Eagle, Alaska and back.
Pirena — Annual stage race across the Pyrenees from west to east.
Qimualaniq Quest — A 320-kilometer race on Baffin Island, Nunavut, northern Canada. The 2009 race was canceled due to funding shortages.[19]
Tustumena 200 — Annual 200-mile race starting in Clam Gulch, Alaska. Named for Tustumena Lake.[20]
U.P. 200 — Annual 240-mile race in Marquette, Michigan.[21]
Wyoming Stage Stop Sled Dog Race — Annual stage race in Wyoming and Utah.
Sandwich, New Hampshire — Annual 25 and 40-mile race in Sandwich, New Hampshire.Sandwich Dog Sled Races
Caledonia Classic Dog Sled Races - Annual 3-day event on and adjacent to Stuart Lake in Fort St. James, BC, Canada. 150, 200 mile races plus sprints on well maintained trails both on and off lake.
Canadian Challenge Sled Dog Races - Annual 200 (8 dog Iditarod qualifier) and 325 mile (12 dog Yukon Quest and Iditarod qualifier) race held in February, Prince Albert Saskatchewan to La Ronge, Saskatchewan.
Ukkohalla-Paljakka Ajot - Annual mid-distance race at Hyrynsalmi-Puolanka area in Finland. 4- and 8-dogs classes, 2 x 35 or 2 x 40-50 km stage-race with 4 hours mandatory rest between stages.

text: Long-distance races[edit]

text:
All-Alaska Sweepstakes — First organized sled dog race. Is not run on an annual basis.
Alpirod — Defunct 1,000-km stage race in Italy, Switzerland, Germany, and France.
Femundløpet — 400-km and 600-km category race with start and finish in Røros, Norway.
Beringia — Annual 950-km race which takes place on Kamchatka, Russia.
Finnmarksløpet — 1,000-km competition starting in Alta, Norway.
Hope Race — Defunct 1,200-mile race from Nome, Alaska to Anadyr, Russia, across the Bering Strait.[22]
Iditarod Trail Sled Dog Race — Annual about 1,000-mile race in Alaska from Willow to Nome. Commemorates the 1925 Serum Run.[23]
Ivakkak - Biennial 500-km race along the Hudson Bay in Nunavik, Quebec; from Inukjuak to Ivujivik. Launched in 2001 to promote traditional dogsledding and the purebred race of huskies in Nunavik.
John Beargrease Sled Dog Marathon — Annual 400-mile race starting in Duluth, Minnesota.
Kobuk 440 - Annual 440-mile race starting and ending in Kotzebue, Alaska.
La Grande Odyssée — Annual 900 km (560 mi) race in French Alps, from Portes du Soleil to Haute-Maurienne.
Pasvik Trail — Annual 500-km race starting in Kirkenes, Norway.
Vindelälvsdraget — Annual 400-km relay race on the Vindeln River in Sweden.
Race to the Sky, a 350-mile race held in Montana, United States [24]
Yukon Quest — Annual 1,000-mile race from Fairbanks, Alaska to Whitehorse, Yukon one year; then Whitehorse, Yukon to Fairbanks, Alaska the next.[25]

text: Multiple events[edit]

text: Several festivals or events host several races in a short span of time. In most cases, an event will host several different classes of events separated by distance and the number of dogs allowed. The festivals listed below may be affiliated with a mushing club.

text:
American Dog Derby — Oldest dog sled race in the United States.[3]
Caledonia Classic Dog Sled Races - Annual 3-day event on and adjacent to beautiful Stuart Lake in Fort St. James, BC, Canada. 150, 200 mile races plus sprints on well maintained trails both on and off lake.
Fur Rendezvous Festival — A winter festival in Anchorage, Alaska that includes several sled dog races including the World Championship Sled Dog Race, a sprint mushing event.[26]
Haliburton Highlands Dogsled Derby — Collection of sprint races held annually in Haliburton, Ontario.[27]
Kearney Dog Sled Races — Ontario's largest dog sled races held in Kearney, Ontario on the western boundary of historic Algonquin Park.  This race offers Sprint, 4 dog 4mile, 6 dog 6 Mile, Skijouring and a mid distance 10 dog staged (50 km / day / 2 day) race.  Held annually on the second weekend in February each year with a 20+ year history.
Laconia World Championship Sled Dog Derby — Annual event of the Lakes Region Sled Dog Club in Laconia, New Hampshire that includes several classes of sprint races. The event has been hosted for more than 80 years.[28]
Wanaka Sled Dog Festival — Multiple-race event hosted in Cardrona, New Zealand. Held in conjunction with the Kirsty Burn Classic and the Kirsty Burn.[29]

text: Club seasons[edit]

text: Organized sprint mushing clubs typically host a series of small races as part of a season of competition. These races often change from one season to another, and are not notable enough on an individual level to warrant separate articles.

text:
Affiliated British Sleddog Activities hosts several events annually.[30]
The Alaska Dog Mushers Association is the largest sprint sled dog racing club in the world. It operates several races annually, and its season culminates in the Open North American Championship.[31]
The British Siberian Husky Racing Association hosts a series of two-day heats each year.[32]
Chugiak Dog Mushers host a series of races in and near Chugiak, Alaska annually.[33]
The Siberian Husky Club of NSW Inc holds races at several locations in the state of New South Wales, Australia between May and September each year.[34]


document_title: List of most viewed online videos in the first 24 hours

question_text: world most viewed video on youtube in 24 hours

text: This list of most viewed online videos in the first 24 hours contains the top 20 online videos that received the most views within 24 hours of release across the world. This list excludes trailers, which are featured on the list of most viewed online trailers in the first 24 hours.

text: Top videos

text:
Rank

Title

Uploader / artist1

Views (millions)2

Release date

Ref(s)

1.
"Rings" Prank
Paramount Pictures
200.0
January 23, 2017
[1]

2.
Chewbacca Mask Lady
Candace Payne
50.0
May 19, 2016
[2]

3.
"Look What You Made Me Do"
Taylor Swift
43.2
August 27, 2017
[3][4]

4.
Massive Pillow Chair
Insider Design
42.0
November 3, 2016
[5]

5.
YouTube Rewind: The Ultimate 2016 Challenge
YouTube Spotlight
38.9
December 7, 2016
[6]

6.
YouTube Rewind: The Shape of 2017
YouTube Spotlight
38.8
December 6, 2017
[7][unreliable source?]

7.
"Ddu-Du Ddu-Du"
BLACKPINK
36.2
June 15, 2018
[8]

8.
"Gentleman"
Psy
36.0
April 13, 2013
[4]

9.
"Fake Love"
BTS
35.9
May 18, 2018
[4]

10.
"X (EQUIS)"
Nicky Jam (ft. J Balvin)
29.7
March 2, 2018
[4]

11.
To Our Daughter
Kylie Jenner
28.5
February 4, 2018
[9]

12.
Old Man Strength
Thrillist
28.0
July 5, 2016
[10]

13.
"Hello"
Adele
27.73
October 23, 2015
[11]

14.
YouTube Rewind: Now Watch Me 2015
YouTube Spotlight
24.9
December 9, 2015
[12][unreliable source?]

15.
"Boom Boom"
RedOne (ft. Daddy Yankee, French Montana & Dinah Jane)
24.1
October 27, 2017
[4]

16.
"Wrecking Ball"
Miley Cyrus
22.64
September 9, 2013
[4]

17.
"Despacito (Remix)"
Luis Fonsi, Daddy Yankee (ft. Justin Bieber)
22.4
April 16, 2017
[4]

18.
"DNA"
BTS
22.3
September 18, 2017
[4]

19.
"Sua Cara"
Major Lazer (ft. Anitta & Pabllo Vittar)
20.2
July 30, 2017
[4]

20.
"Bad Blood"
Taylor Swift (ft. Kendrick Lamar)
20.1
May 17, 2015
[13]

As of 5 July 2018

text:
^Note 1:  For music videos
^Note 2:  The number of views accumulated in the video's first 24 hours.
^Note 3:  "Hello" also reached 26.3 million views on YouTube[4]
^Note 4:  "Wrecking Ball" reached 19.3 million views on Vevo, which was a record at the time[14]


document_title: List of awards and nominations received by Twenty One Pilots

question_text: when did twenty one pilots win a grammy

question_tokens: when did twenty one pilots win a grammy

text: Alternative Press Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2014[1]
Vessel
Album of the Year
Nominated

Twenty One Pilots
Breakthrough Band
Nominated

Best Live Band
Nominated

2015
Twenty One Pilots
Best Live Band
Nominated

Most Dedicated Fans
Won

Tumblr Fandom of the Year
Nominated

2016[2]
Artist of the Year
Won

Blurryface
Album of the Year
Won

"Stressed Out"
Best Music Video
Nominated

2017
Twenty One Pilots
Most Dedicated Fans
Won

text: American Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016[3]
Twenty One Pilots
Favorite Duo/Group - Pop/Rock
Won

Favorite Artist - Alternative Rock
Won

2017[4]
Favorite Artist - Alternative Rock
Nominated

text: ARIA Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016
Twenty One Pilots
Best International Artist
Nominated

text: Billboard Awards[edit]

text: Billboard Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016[5]
Twenty One Pilots
Top Duo/Group
Nominated

Top Rock Artist
Won

Blurryface
Top Rock Album
Won

"Stressed Out"
Top Rock Song
Nominated

2017[6]
Twenty One Pilots
Artist of the Year
Nominated

Chart Achievement Award
Won

Top Duo/Group
Won

Top Billboard 200 Artist
Nominated

Top Hot 100 Artist
Nominated

Top Song Sales Artist
Nominated

Top Radio Songs Artist
Won

Top Streaming Songs Artist
Nominated

Top Rock Artist
Won

Blurryface
Top Billboard 200 Album
Nominated

Top Rock Album
Nominated

"Heathens"
Top Hot 100 Song
Nominated

Top Selling Song
Nominated

Top Streaming Song (Video)
Nominated

Top Rock Song
Won

"Stressed Out"
Nominated

"Ride"
Nominated

text: Billboard Touring Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016[7]
Twenty One Pilots
Breakthrough Artist
Nominated

text: Brit Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
Twenty One Pilots
International Group
Nominated

text: Echo Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
Twenty One Pilots
Best International Rock/Pop Group
Nominated

Twenty One Pilots
Best International Newcomer
Nominated

text: Grammy Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
"Stressed Out"
Record of the Year
Nominated

Best Pop Duo/Group Performance
Won

"Heathens"
Best Rock Performance
Nominated

text: Note: "Heathens" was also nominated for Best Rock Song and Best Song Written for Visual Media in 2017, which are only presented to the songwriter of the song, Tyler Joseph.[8]

text: Guild of Music Supervisors Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
"Heathens" for Suicide Squad
Best Song/Recording Created for a Film
Nominated

text: iHeartRadio Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016[9]
Twenty One Pilots
Alternative Rock Artist of the Year
Won

"Stressed Out"
Alternative Rock Song of the Year
Won

2017[10]
Song of the Year
Nominated

Twenty One Pilots
Best Duo/Group of the Year
Won

Alternative Rock Artist of the Year
Won

Best Fan Army
Nominated

"Ride"
Alternative Rock Song of the Year
Nominated

"Heathens"
Won

Best Song from a Movie
Nominated

Best Lyrics
Nominated

Best Music Video
Nominated

Blurryface
Alternative Rock Album of the Year
Won

text: Kerrang! Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016[11]
Twenty One Pilots
Best Live Band
Nominated

Best Fanbase
Won

text: LOS40 Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016[12]
Twenty One Pilots
International New Act of the Year
Nominated

text: MTV Awards[edit]

text: MTV Europe Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2011
Twenty One Pilots
Best Push Act
Nominated

2013[13]
Best Push Act
Nominated

2015
Best Alternative
Nominated

2016
Best Alternative
Won

Best Live Act
Won

Best US Act
Nominated

text: MTV Fandom Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016
Twenty One Pilots
Bandom of the Year
Nominated

text: MTV Italian Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
Twenty One Pilots
Best International Band
Nominated

text: MTV Millennial Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
"Heathens"
International Hit of the Year
Nominated

text: MTV Video Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2013[14]
"Holding on to You"
Artist to Watch
Nominated

2016[15]
"Heathens"
Best Rock Video
Won

2017
"Heavydirtysoul"
Best Rock
Won

text: mtvU Woodie Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2013
Twenty One Pilots
breaking woodie
Nominated

2017
Twenty One Pilots
woodie of the year
Nominated

text: Much Music Video Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016
Twenty One Pilots
International Duo or Group
Nominated

2017
Twenty One Pilots
International Duo or Group
Nominated

text: Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
Twenty One Pilots
Favorite Music Group
Nominated

"Heathens"
Favorite Song
Nominated

Twenty One Pilots
Favorite New Artist
Won

"Stressed Out"
Favorite Music Video
Nominated

text: NME Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
Twenty One Pilots
Worst Band
Nominated

text: NRJ Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016[16]
Twenty One Pilots
International Revelation of the Year
Won

text: People's Choice Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017[17]
Twenty One Pilots
Favorite Group
Nominated

text: Radio Disney Music Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
Twenty One Pilots
Best Group
Nominated

text: Teen Choice Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2015[18]
"Tear in My Heart"
Choice Rock Song
Nominated

2016[19]
"Stressed Out"
Choice Rock Song
Nominated

2017
"Heathens"
Choice Song: Group
Nominated

Choice Rock Song

Twenty One Pilots
Choice Music Group
Nominated

Choice Rock Group
Nominated

text: Telehit Awards[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2016
Twenty One Pilots
Best Rock Band
Won


document_title: Big 12 Championship Game

question_text: who plays in the big 12 football championship

text: Big 12 Championship Game

text: History[edit]

text: The first championship game was played after the 1996 regular season, the first year of play for the Big 12 (which was created from the merger of the Big Eight Conference and four teams from the Southwest Conference). Like the SEC Championship Game (which has been played since 1992), the game matched the winners of the conference's two six-team divisions. The championship game was held at several sites within the Big 12 states, with Arrowhead Stadium in Kansas City, Missouri, hosting more often than any other venue.

text: The 2008 Big 12 Championship Game was notable for the controversy over choosing the South Division representative. The Oklahoma Sooners, Texas Longhorns, and Texas Tech Red Raiders all finished with identical records and had each recorded a win and loss amongst one another. The Sooners earned a berth to the title game because they had the highest Bowl Championship Series ranking of the three at the time of selection. Oklahoma defeated the Missouri Tigers and earned a berth in the 2009 BCS National Championship Game.

text: From 2009 through 2013, the game was scheduled to be played at Cowboys Stadium, now known as AT&T Stadium, in Arlington, Texas.[2] During June 2010, however, Nebraska and Colorado announced that they would leave the Big 12 for other conferences (the Big Ten Conference and the Pac-12 Conference, respectively) in 2011. Because NCAA rules at the time required that a conference have 12 members in order to stage a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season games, the conference dropped the championship game following the 2010 season. During this time, Oklahoma and Texas had expressed that a conference title game hurt the chances of the conference to have a representative in the BCS National Championship Game, and now the College Football Playoff, which started in 2014.[3]

text: In December 2014 after completing the first season with the College Football Playoff, Baylor and TCU both finished the season with an 8–1 conference record and were declared co-champions by the conference despite Baylor's head-to-head win over TCU. When the selection committee met to set the teams for the first playoff, both Baylor and TCU were overlooked in favor of teams that competed in and won their conference's championship game, leaving the Big 12 out of the playoffs.[4] This led to criticism of how the Big 12 determined its champion.

text: In April 2015, legislation was developed by the ACC and the Big 12 to deregulate conference championship games. It was announced by NCAA officials as being expected to pass in time for the start of the 2016 season.[5] The legislation passed on January 14, 2016 allowing a conference with fewer than twelve teams to stage a championship game between the top two teams, so long as they play a round-robin schedule. In late 2016, the Big 12 decided to bring back the championship game in 2017.

text: Results[edit]

text:
Year
North Division
South Division
Site
Attendance
MVP

1996
3 Nebraska Cornhuskers
27
Texas Longhorns
37
Trans World Dome • St. Louis
63,109
RB DeAngelo Evans, Nebraska

1997
2 Nebraska Cornhuskers
54
14 Texas A&M Aggies
15
Alamodome • San Antonio
64,824
RB Ahman Green, Nebraska

1998
2 Kansas State Wildcats
33
10 Texas A&M Aggies
36
Trans World Dome • St. Louis
60,798
QB Branndon Stewart, Texas A&M

1999
3 Nebraska Cornhuskers
22
12 Texas Longhorns
6
Alamodome • San Antonio
65,063

2000
8 Kansas State Wildcats
24
1 Oklahoma Sooners
27
Arrowhead Stadium • Kansas City, Missouri
79,655
QB Josh Heupel, Oklahoma

2001
9 Colorado Buffaloes
39
3 Texas Longhorns
37
Texas Stadium • Irving, Texas
65,675

2002
12 Colorado Buffaloes
7
8 Oklahoma Sooners
29
Reliant Stadium • Houston
63,332
RB Quentin Griffin, Oklahoma

2003
13 Kansas State Wildcats
35
1 Oklahoma Sooners
7
Arrowhead Stadium • Kansas City, Missouri
75,491
QB Ell Roberson, Kansas State

2004
Colorado Buffaloes
3
2 Oklahoma Sooners
42
62,310

2005
Colorado Buffaloes
3
2 Texas Longhorns
70
Reliant Stadium • Houston
71,107
QB Vince Young, Texas

2006
19 Nebraska Cornhuskers
7
8 Oklahoma Sooners
21
Arrowhead Stadium • Kansas City, Missouri
80,031
WR Malcolm Kelly, Oklahoma

2007
1 Missouri Tigers
17
9 Oklahoma Sooners
38
Alamodome • San Antonio
62,585
QB Sam Bradford, Oklahoma

2008
19 Missouri Tigers
21
4 Oklahoma Sooners
62
Arrowhead Stadium • Kansas City, Missouri
71,004
QB Sam Bradford, Oklahoma

2009
21 Nebraska Cornhuskers
12
3 Texas Longhorns
13
Cowboys Stadium • Arlington, Texas
76,211
DT Ndamukong Suh, Nebraska

2010
13 Nebraska Cornhuskers
20
10 Oklahoma Sooners
23
78,802

Year
#1 Seed
#2 Seed
Site
Attendance
MVP

2017
2 Oklahoma Sooners
41
10 TCU Horned Frogs
17
AT&T Stadium • Arlington, Texas
64,104
QB Baker Mayfield, Oklahoma

text: Rankings are from the AP Poll released prior to the game

text: Results by team[edit]

text:
Appearances
School
Wins
Losses
PCT.
Year(s) Won

9
Oklahoma
8
1
.889
2000, 2002, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010, 2017

6
Nebraska
2
4
.333
1997, 1999

5
Texas
3
2
.600
1996, 2005, 2009

4
Colorado
1
3
.250
2001

3
Kansas State
1
2
.333
2003

2
Texas A&M
1
1
.500
1998

2
Missouri
0
2
.000

1
TCU
0
1
.000

text:
No longer in the Big 12 Conference [6]
Baylor, Iowa State, Kansas, Oklahoma State, Texas Tech, and West Virginia have yet to appear in a Big 12 Championship Game.


document_title: Navadurga

question_text: what are the nine forms of mother durga

question_tokens: what are the nine forms of mother durga

text: Navadurga

text:
Navadurga

Goddesses of War
Victory of Good over Evil
The Invincible Ones
Fierce forms of Mother Goddess

The Navadurga’s.
Shailaputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta,
Kushmanda, Skandamata, Katyayini,
Kaalratri, Mahagauri and Siddhidhatri.

Devanagari
नवदुर्गा

Affiliation
Devi, Durga, Adi-Parashakti, Chandika

Mount
Tiger, Lion, Bull, Donkey

Festivals
Navratri, Dussehra, Durga Puja, Durga Ashtami

text: Navadurga (Sanskrit: नवदुर्गा, lit. Nine forms of Durga), are nine manifestations of the Goddess Durga in Hinduism, especially worshipped during the festival of Navratri where each of the nine manifested forms are consecutively venerated throughout all the nine nights. The nine manifested forms of Goddess Durga are: Shailaputri, Brahmacharini, Chandraghanta, Kushmanda, Skandamata, Katyayini, Kaalratri, Mahagauri and Siddhidhatri.

text: Etymology and Iconography[edit]

text: Each manifestation of godess Durga of is known by her respective name, governing planet, iconography, mantra for invocation (usually repeated 108 times at each sitting during the period of Navratri), dedicated day of Navratri worship and respective prayers.

text: Shailaputri

text: About: After self-immolation in Her form as Sati, the Mother Goddess took birth in the house of King of Mountains, as the daughter of Lord Himalaya.

text: Etymology: Shailaputri literally means the daughter (putri) of the mountain (shaila)

text: Day of worship: 1st day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Moon

text: Mantra: Om Devi Shailaputryai Namah ॐ देवी शैलपुत्र्यै नमः॥

text: Iconography: Devi Shailaputri is depicted with two hands and has a crescent moon on her forehead. She holds a trident in her right hand & a lotus flower in the left. She rides on mount Nandi (bull).[1]

text: Brahmacharini

text: About: After the Kushmanda form, the Mother Goddess took birth at the home of Daksha Prajapati, as his daughter, Sati, who was born to marry Shiva. This unmarried form of the Mother Goddess is worshipped as Brahmacharini.

text: Day of worship: 2nd day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Mars

text: Mantra: Om Devi Brahmacharinyai Namah ॐ देवी ब्रह्मचारिण्यै नम

text: Iconography: Walks on bare feet, carrying a japa mala in Her right hand and a kamandalu in Her left hand.

text: Chandraghanta

text: About: Goddess Chandraghanta is the married form of the Mother Goddess following on from Shailputri and Mahagauri. After getting married to Shiva, Goddess Mahagauri started adorning her forehead with a half moon(Chandra) shaped like a bell(Ghanta) due to which, she became known as Goddess Chandraghanta.

text: Day of worship: 3rd day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Venus

text: Mantra: Om Devi Chandraghantayai Namah ॐ देवी चन्द्रघण्टायै नम

text: Iconography: Goddess Chandraghanta mounts the tigress. She wears the semi-circular moon(Chandra) on her forehead. The half-moon on her forehead looks like the bell(Ghanta) and hence, Her name. She is depicted with ten hands. Goddess Chandraghanta carries Trishul, Gada, sword and kamandalu in Her four left hands and keeps the fifth left hand in Varadamudra. She carries a lotus flower, arrow, Dhanush and Japa Mala in Her four right hands and keeps the fifth right hand in Abhaya Mudra.

text: Special powers: This form of the Mother Goddess is ready for war with all her weapons, to protect the peace and welfare of Her devotees. It is believed that the sound of the moon-bell on her forehead drives all types of evil away from Her devotees.

text: Kushmanda

text: About: After taking the form of Siddhidatri, the Mother Goddess started living within the Sun thereby liberating the Sun's energy to the universe. Since then, this form of the Goddess has been known as Kushmanda, namely for her power and capability to live inside the Sun. The glow and radiance of her body is as luminous as that of the Sun.

text: Day of worship: 4th day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Sun

text: Mantra: Om Devi Kushmandayai Namah ॐ देवी कूष्माण्डायै नम

text: Iconography: Rides on a lioness and has eight hands. She holds a kamandalu, Dhanush, Bada and Kamal in Her right hands. Her left hands hold Amrit Kalash(pot of nectar), japa mala(prayer beads), Gada and Chakra - in that order.

text: Specific power: She created the universe in the flash of Her smile and is believed to bestow siddhis(supernatural powers) and niddhis(wealth) to Her devotees.

text: Skandamata

text: About: In her form as mother of the God of War, Lord Skanda(also known as Kartikeya), she is known as Goddess Skandamata.

text: Day of worship: 5th day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Mercury

text: Mantra: Om Devi Skandamatayai Namah ॐ देवी स्कन्दमातायै नम

text: Iconography: Goddess Skandamata mounts the ferocious lion. She carries baby Skanda in her lap. Lord Skanda(also known as Kartikeya or Lord Murugan) is the brother of Ganesha. Goddess Skandamata is depicted with four hands. She carries lotus flowers in Her upper two hands. She holds baby Skanda in one of Her right hands and keeps the other right hand in Abhayamudra. She sits on a lotus flower and because of that, is also known as Goddess Padmasana.

text: Special powers: Devotees who worship this form of the Mother Goddess get the added benefit of blessings of Lord Skanda, the God of War(also known as Kartikeya).

text: Katyayani

text: About: To destroy demon Mahishasura. The daughter of sage Katyayana, who incarnated to help Devas

text: Day of worship: 6th day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Jupiter

text: Mantra: Om Devi Katyayanyai Namah ॐ देवी कात्यायन्यै नम

text: Iconography: Goddess Katyayani rides on a magnificent lion and is depicted with four hands. She carries a lotus flower and sword in her left hands respectively and keeps her right hands in Abhayamudra and Varadamudras.

text: Kaalratri

text: About: This is the fiercest and the most ferocious form of the Mother Goddess, in which she manifests to destroy the demons, Sumbha and Nisumbha.

text: Day of worship: 7th day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Saturn

text: Mantra: Om Devi Kalaratryai Namah ॐ देवी कालरात्र्यै नम

text: Iconography: Her complexion is dark black and She rides on a donkey. She is depicted with four hands. Her right hands are in Abhayamudra and Varadamudra. She carries a sword and deadly iron hook in her left hands.

text: Mahagauri

text: About: Goddess Shailputri at the age of sixteen was extremely beautiful and blessed with a fair complexion. Due to her extremely fair complexion, she was known as Goddess Mahagauri.

text: Day of worship: 8th day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Rahu

text: Mantra: Om Devi Mahagauryai Namah ॐ देवी महागौर्यै नम

text: Iconography: She rides the bull, just like Goddess Shailputri. She has four arms, holding a Trishul in one of her right hands and depicts the Abhayamudra with the other right hand. She carries a Damaru in one left hand and depicts the Varadamudra in her other left hand.

text: Siddhidhatri

text: About: In the beginning of the universe, Lord Rudra worshipped the unmanifest form of the Mother Goddess, Adi Parashakti for creation. As Adi Parashakti, the Mother Goddess was pure energy and had no form. She thus appeared in the form of Siddhidhatri from the left half of Shiva.

text: Day of worship: 9th day of Navratri

text: Governing planet: Ketu

text: Mantra: Om Devi Siddhidatryai Namah ॐ देवी सिद्धिदात्र्यै नम

text: Iconography: Goddess Siddhidatri sits on Kamal and rides on the lion. She is depicted with four hands. She has Gada in the one right hand, Chakra in the other right hand, lotus flower in the left hand and Shankh in the other left hand.

text: Specific power: She bestows all types of siddhi(supernatural powers) to her devotees and hence is worshipped by humans, ghandarvas, asuras and devas alike.


question_text: when did all i want for christmas is my two front teeth come out

text:
"All I Want for Christmas is My Two Front Teeth"

Single by Spike Jones & His City Slickers

Released
1948

Genre
Novelty, Christmas

Label
RCA Victor

Songwriter(s)
Donald Yetter Gardner

text: "All I Want for Christmas Is My Two Front Teeth" is a novelty Christmas song written in 1944 by Donald Yetter Gardner[1] while teaching music at public schools in Smithtown, New York. He asked his second grade class what they wanted for Christmas, and noticed that almost all of the students had at least one front tooth missing as they answered in a lisp. Gardner wrote the song in 30 minutes. In a 1995 interview, Gardner said, "I was amazed at the way that silly little song was picked up by the whole country."[2][3] The song was published in 1948 after an employee of Witmark music company heard Gardner sing it at a music teachers conference.[2][3]

text: The song was introduced in 1948 by singing group The Satisfiers on Perry Como's radio show,[4] and originally recorded by Spike Jones & His City Slickers on December 6, 1947, with lead vocal by George Rock. That version reached the top of the pop charts in 1948, and again in 1949.[3] The song has also been recorded by numerous other singers and performers, including Ray Stevens,[5] George Strait, Danny Kaye with The Andrews Sisters, Urbie Green, The Platters, Dread Zeppelin, The Kelly Family,[6] Nat King Cole (reportedly Gardner's favorite version),[2] The Chipmunks, the Hampton String Quartet, The Three Stooges and Count von Count of Sesame Street.

text: In the versions by Spike, The Chipmunks (Theodore on lead vocals), and Ray Stevens, the song ends with the performer shouting the words "Happy New Year!!!"

text: Homer and Jethro parodied the song as "All I Want for Christmas Is My Upper Plate", on their 1968 album Cool Crazy Christmas.

text: Drag performer and singer RuPaul parodied the song on his Christmas album Ho, Ho, Ho. In his version, the singer lists "a litany of plastic surgery requests" that he would like to receive for the holiday.[7]

text: In 1986, the song title was parodied in "All I Want for Christmas Is a Dukla Prague Away Kit" by the band Half Man Half Biscuit on The Trumpton Riots EP.

text: Country music parodist Cledus T. Judd parodied the song on his 2002 Christmas album Cledus Navidad. Titled "All I Want for Christmas Is Two Gold Front Teef", Judd's parody is performed in rap.[citation needed]