document_title: List of current Premier League and English Football League managers

question_text: who is the longest serving manager in the english premier league

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Name
Nat.
Date of birth
Club
Division
Appointed
Time as manager
Source

Bentley, JimJim Bentley

000000001976-06-11-000011 June 1976
Morecambe
4League Two
000000002011-05-13-000013 May 2011
7003259300000000000♠7 years, 36 days
[1]

Ainsworth, GarethGareth Ainsworth

000000001973-05-10-000010 May 1973
Wycombe Wanderers
3League One
000000002012-09-24-000024 September 2012[N 1]
7003209300000000000♠5 years, 267 days
[2][3]

Ardley, NealNeal Ardley

000000001972-09-01-00001 September 1972
AFC Wimbledon
3League One
000000002012-10-10-000010 October 2012
7003207700000000000♠5 years, 251 days
[4]

Howe, EddieEddie Howe

000000001977-11-29-000029 November 1977
Bournemouth
1Premier League
000000002012-10-12-000012 October 2012
7003207400000000000♠5 years, 248 days
[5]

Dyche, SeanSean Dyche

000000001971-06-28-000028 June 1971
Burnley
1Premier League
000000002012-10-30-000030 October 2012
7003205700000000000♠5 years, 231 days
[6]

Hill, KeithKeith Hill

000000001969-05-17-000017 May 1969
Rochdale
3League One
000000002013-01-22-000022 January 2013
7003197300000000000♠5 years, 147 days
[7]

Clarke, DarrellDarrell Clarke

000000001977-12-16-000016 December 1977
Bristol Rovers
3League One
000000002014-03-28-000028 March 2014
7003154300000000000♠4 years, 82 days
[8]

Pochettino, MauricioMauricio Pochettino

000000001972-03-02-00002 March 1972
Tottenham Hotspur
1Premier League
000000002014-05-27-000027 May 2014
7003148300000000000♠4 years, 22 days
[9]

Coleman, JohnJohn Coleman

000000001962-10-12-000012 October 1962
Accrington Stanley
3League One
000000002014-09-18-000018 September 2014
7003136900000000000♠3 years, 273 days
[10]

Hughton, ChrisChris Hughton

000000001958-12-11-000011 December 1958
Brighton & Hove Albion
1Premier League
000000002014-12-31-000031 December 2014
7003126500000000000♠3 years, 169 days
[11]

Harris, NeilNeil Harris

000000001977-07-12-000012 July 1977
Millwall
2Championship
000000002015-03-10-000010 March 2015[N 2]
7003119600000000000♠3 years, 100 days
[12][13]

Johnson, GaryGary Johnson

000000001955-09-28-000028 September 1955
Cheltenham Town
4League Two
000000002015-03-30-000030 March 2015
7003117600000000000♠3 years, 80 days
[14]

Adams, DerekDerek Adams

000000001975-06-25-000025 June 1975
Plymouth Argyle
3League One
000000002015-06-11-000011 June 2015
7003110300000000000♠3 years, 7 days
[15]

Klopp, JürgenJürgen Klopp

000000001967-06-16-000016 June 1967
Liverpool
1Premier League
000000002015-10-08-00008 October 2015
7002984000000000000♠2 years, 253 days
[16]

Wagner, DavidDavid Wagner

000000001971-10-19-000019 October 1971
Huddersfield Town
1Premier League
000000002015-11-05-00005 November 2015[N 3]
7002952000000000000♠2 years, 221 days
[17]

Smith, DeanDean Smith

000000001971-03-19-000019 March 1971
Brentford
2Championship
000000002015-11-30-000030 November 2015
7002931000000000000♠2 years, 200 days
[18]

Way, DarrenDarren Way

000000001979-11-21-000021 November 1979
Yeovil Town
4League Two
000000002015-12-01-00001 December 2015[N 4]
7002930000000000000♠2 years, 199 days
[19][20]

Clough, NigelNigel Clough

000000001966-03-19-000019 March 1966
Burton Albion
3League One
000000002015-12-07-00007 December 2015
7002924000000000000♠2 years, 193 days
[21]

Jokanović, SlavišaSlaviša Jokanović

000000001968-08-16-000016 August 1968
Fulham
1Premier League
000000002015-12-27-000027 December 2015
7002904000000000000♠2 years, 173 days
[22]

Jones, NathanNathan Jones

000000001973-05-28-000028 May 1973
Luton Town
3League One
000000002016-01-06-00006 January 2016
7002894000000000000♠2 years, 163 days
[23]

Johnson, LeeLee Johnson

000000001981-06-07-00007 June 1981
Bristol City
2Championship
000000002016-02-06-00006 February 2016[N 5]
7002863000000000000♠2 years, 132 days
[24]

Benítez, RafaelRafael Benítez

000000001960-04-16-000016 April 1960
Newcastle United
1Premier League
000000002016-03-11-000011 March 2016
7002829000000000000♠2 years, 99 days
[25]

McGreal, JohnJohn McGreal

000000001972-06-02-00002 June 1972
Colchester United
4League Two
000000002016-05-04-00004 May 2016
7002775000000000000♠2 years, 45 days
[26]

Cooper, MarkMark Cooper

000000001968-12-18-000018 December 1968
Forest Green Rovers
4League Two
000000002016-05-09-00009 May 2016
7002770000000000000♠2 years, 40 days
[27]

Wilder, ChrisChris Wilder

000000001967-09-23-000023 September 1967
Sheffield United
2Championship
000000002016-05-12-000012 May 2016
7002767000000000000♠2 years, 37 days
[28]

Cowley, DannyDanny Cowley

000000001978-10-22-000022 October 1978
Lincoln City
4League Two
000000002016-05-13-000013 May 2016
7002766000000000000♠2 years, 36 days
[29]

Mourinho, JoséJosé Mourinho

000000001963-01-26-000026 January 1963
Manchester United
1Premier League
000000002016-05-27-000027 May 2016
7002752000000000000♠2 years, 22 days
[30]

Bowyer, GaryGary Bowyer

000000001971-06-26-000026 June 1971
Blackpool
3League One
000000002016-06-01-00001 June 2016
7002747000000000000♠2 years, 17 days
[31]

Parkinson, PhilPhil Parkinson

000000001967-12-01-00001 December 1967
Bolton Wanderers
2Championship
000000002016-06-10-000010 June 2016
7002738000000000000♠2 years, 8 days
[32]

Guardiola, PepPep Guardiola

000000001971-01-18-000018 January 1971
Manchester City
1Premier League
000000002016-07-01-00001 July 2016
7002717000000000000♠1 year, 352 days
[33]

Conte, AntonioAntonio Conte

000000001969-07-31-000031 July 1969
Chelsea
1Premier League
000000002016-07-03-00003 July 2016
7002715000000000000♠1 year, 350 days
[34]

Warnock, NeilNeil Warnock

000000001948-12-01-00001 December 1948
Cardiff City
1Premier League
000000002016-10-05-00005 October 2016
7002621000000000000♠1 year, 256 days
[35]

Mellon, MickyMicky Mellon

000000001972-03-18-000018 March 1972
Tranmere Rovers
4League Two
000000002016-10-06-00006 October 2016
7002620000000000000♠1 year, 255 days
[36]

Bruce, SteveSteve Bruce

000000001960-12-31-000031 December 1960
Aston Villa
2Championship
000000002016-10-12-000012 October 2016
7002614000000000000♠1 year, 249 days
[37]

Warne, PaulPaul Warne

000000001973-05-08-00008 May 1973
Rotherham United
2Championship
000000002016-11-28-000028 November 2016[N 6]
7002567000000000000♠1 year, 202 days
[38][39]

Artell, DavidDavid Artell

000000001980-11-22-000022 November 1980
Crewe Alexandra
4League Two
000000002017-01-08-00008 January 2017
7002526000000000000♠1 year, 161 days
[40]

Nolan, KevinKevin Nolan

000000001982-06-24-000024 June 1982
Notts County
4League Two
000000002017-01-12-000012 January 2017
7002522000000000000♠1 year, 157 days
[41][42]

Mowbray, TonyTony Mowbray

000000001963-11-22-000022 November 1963
Blackburn Rovers
2Championship
000000002017-02-22-000022 February 2017
7002481000000000000♠1 year, 116 days
[43]

Robins, MarkMark Robins

000000001969-12-22-000022 December 1969
Coventry City
3League One
000000002017-03-06-00006 March 2017
7002469000000000000♠1 year, 104 days
[44]

Flynn, MichaelMichael Flynn

000000001980-10-17-000017 October 1980
Newport County
4League Two
000000002017-03-09-00009 March 2017[N 7]
7002466000000000000♠1 year, 101 days
[45][46]

Kewell, HarryHarry Kewell

000000001978-09-22-000022 September 1978
Crawley Town
4League Two
000000002017-05-23-000023 May 2017
7002391000000000000♠1 year, 26 days
[47]

Farke, DanielDaniel Farke

000000001976-10-30-000030 October 1976
Norwich City
2Championship
000000002017-05-25-000025 May 2017
7002389000000000000♠1 year, 24 days
[48]

Cook, PaulPaul Cook

000000001967-02-22-000022 February 1967
Wigan Athletic
2Championship
000000002017-05-31-000031 May 2017
7002383000000000000♠1 year, 18 days
[49]

Espírito Santo, NunoNuno Espírito Santo

000000001974-01-25-000025 January 1974
Wolverhampton Wanderers
1Premier League
000000002017-05-31-000031 May 2017
7002383000000000000♠1 year, 18 days
[50]

Jackett, KennyKenny Jackett

000000001962-01-05-00005 January 1962
Portsmouth
3League One
000000002017-06-02-00002 June 2017
7002381000000000000♠1 year, 16 days
[51]

Neil, AlexAlex Neil

000000001981-06-09-00009 June 1981
Preston North End
2Championship
000000002017-07-04-00004 July 2017
7002349000000000000♠349 days
[52]

Hodgson, RoyRoy Hodgson

000000001947-08-09-00009 August 1947
Crystal Palace
1Premier League
000000002017-09-12-000012 September 2017
7002279000000000000♠279 days
[53]

Aspin, NeilNeil Aspin

000000001965-04-12-000012 April 1965
Port Vale
4League Two
000000002017-10-04-00004 October 2017
7002257000000000000♠257 days
[54]

Lovell, SteveSteve Lovell

000000001960-07-16-000016 July 1960
Gillingham
3League One
000000002017-10-12-000012 October 2017[N 8]
7002249000000000000♠249 days
[55][56]

Puel, ClaudeClaude Puel

000000001961-09-02-00002 September 1961
Leicester City
1Premier League
000000002017-10-25-000025 October 2017
7002236000000000000♠236 days
[57]

Adkins, NigelNigel Adkins

000000001965-03-11-000011 March 1965
Hull City
2Championship
000000002017-12-07-00007 December 2017
7002193000000000000♠193 days
[58]

Pulis, TonyTony Pulis

000000001958-01-16-000016 January 1958
Middlesbrough
2Championship
000000002017-12-26-000026 December 2017[N 9]
7002174000000000000♠174 days
[59]

Luhukay, JosJos Luhukay

000000001963-06-13-000013 June 1963
Sheffield Wednesday
2Championship
000000002018-01-05-00005 January 2018[N 10]
7002161000000000000♠161 days
[60]

Karanka, AitorAitor Karanka

000000001973-09-18-000018 September 1973
Nottingham Forest
2Championship
000000002018-01-08-00008 January 2018
7002161000000000000♠161 days
[61]

Lowe, RyanRyan Lowe

000000001978-09-18-000018 September 1978
Bury
4League Two
000000002018-01-15-000015 January 2018
7002154000000000000♠154 days
[62]

Gracia, JaviJavi Gracia

000000001970-05-01-00001 May 1970
Watford
1Premier League
000000002018-01-21-000021 January 2018
7002148000000000000♠148 days
[63]

Powell, ChrisChris Powell

000000001969-09-08-00008 September 1969
Southend United
3League One
000000002018-01-23-000023 January 2018
7002146000000000000♠146 days
[64]

Dunne, JoeJoe Dunne

000000001973-05-25-000025 May 1973
Cambridge United
4League Two
000000002018-02-09-00009 February 2018[N 11]
7002129000000000000♠129 days
[65][66]

Evans, SteveSteve Evans

000000001962-10-30-000030 October 1962
Peterborough United
3League One
000000002018-02-28-000028 February 2018
7002110000000000000♠110 days
[67]

Flitcroft, DavidDavid Flitcroft

000000001974-01-14-000014 January 1974
Mansfield Town
4League Two
000000002018-03-01-00001 March 2018
7002109000000000000♠109 days
[68]

Jolley, MichaelMichael Jolley

000000001977-03-30-000030 March 1977
Grimsby Town
4League Two
000000002018-03-02-00002 March 2018
7002108000000000000♠108 days
[69]

Monk, GarryGarry Monk

000000001979-03-06-00006 March 1979
Birmingham City
2Championship
000000002018-03-04-00004 March 2018
7002106000000000000♠106 days
[70]

Brown, PhilPhil Brown

000000001959-05-30-000030 May 1959
Swindon Town
4League Two
000000002018-03-12-000012 March 2018
7001980000000000000♠98 days
[71]

Hughes, MarkMark Hughes

000000001963-11-01-00001 November 1963
Southampton
1Premier League
000000002018-03-14-000014 March 2018
7001960000000000000♠96 days
[72]

Keates, DeanDean Keates

000000001978-06-30-000030 June 1978
Walsall
3League One
000000002018-03-16-000016 March 2018
7001940000000000000♠94 days
[73]

Maamria, DinoDino Maamria

000000001971-05-26-000026 May 1971
Stevenage
4League Two
000000002018-03-20-000020 March 2018
7001900000000000000♠90 days
[74]

Bowyer, LeeLee Bowyer[N 12]

000000001977-01-03-00003 January 1977
Charlton Athletic
3League One
000000002018-03-22-000022 March 2018
7001880000000000000♠88 days
[75]

Robinson, KarlKarl Robinson

000000001980-09-13-000013 September 1980
Oxford United
3League One
000000002018-03-22-000022 March 2018
7001880000000000000♠88 days
[76]

Clement, PaulPaul Clement

000000001972-01-08-00008 January 1972
Reading
2Championship
000000002018-03-23-000023 March 2018
7001870000000000000♠87 days
[77]

Daws, NickNick Daws

000000001970-03-15-000015 March 1970
Scunthorpe United
3League One
000000002018-03-26-000026 March 2018[N 13]
7001840000000000000♠84 days
[78][79]

Moore, DarrenDarren Moore

000000001974-04-22-000022 April 1974
West Bromwich Albion
2Championship
000000002018-04-02-00002 April 2018[N 14]
7001770000000000000♠77 days
[80][81]

Austin, DeanDean Austin

000000001970-04-26-000026 April 1970
Northampton Town
4League Two
000000002018-04-02-00002 April 2018
7001770000000000000♠77 days
[82]

McClaren, SteveSteve McClaren

000000001961-05-03-00003 May 1961
Queens Park Rangers
2Championship
000000002018-05-18-000018 May 2018
7001310000000000000♠31 days
[83]

Rowett, GaryGary Rowett

000000001974-03-06-00006 March 1974
Stoke City
2Championship
000000002018-05-22-000022 May 2018
7001270000000000000♠27 days
[84]

Pellegrini, ManuelManuel Pellegrini

000000001953-09-16-000016 September 1953
West Ham United
1Premier League
000000002018-05-22-000022 May 2018
7001270000000000000♠27 days
[85]

Emery, UnaiUnai Emery

000000001971-11-03-00003 November 1971
Arsenal
1Premier League
000000002018-05-23-000023 May 2018
7001260000000000000♠26 days
[86]

Ross, JackJack Ross

000000001976-06-05-00005 June 1976
Sunderland
3League One
000000002018-05-25-000025 May 2018
7001240000000000000♠24 days
[87]

Hurst, PaulPaul Hurst

000000001974-09-25-000025 September 1974
Ipswich Town
2Championship
000000002018-05-30-000030 May 2018
7001190000000000000♠19 days
[88]

Lampard, FrankFrank Lampard

000000001978-06-20-000020 June 1978
Derby County
2Championship
000000002018-05-31-000031 May 2018
7001180000000000000♠18 days
[89]

Silva, MarcoMarco Silva

000000001977-07-12-000012 July 1977
Everton
1Premier League
000000002018-05-31-000031 May 2018
7001180000000000000♠18 days
[90]

Taylor, MattMatt Taylor

000000001982-01-30-000030 January 1982
Exeter City
4League Two
000000002018-06-01-00001 June 2018
7001170000000000000♠17 days
[91]

Askey, JohnJohn Askey

000000001964-11-04-00004 November 1964
Shrewsbury Town
3League One
000000002018-06-01-00001 June 2018
7001170000000000000♠17 days
[92]

Barton, JoeyJoey Barton

000000001982-09-02-00002 September 1982
Fleetwood Town
3League One
000000002018-04-18-000018 April 2018[N 15]
7001160000000000000♠16 days
[93]

Sheridan, JohnJohn Sheridan

000000001964-10-01-00001 October 1964
Carlisle United
4League Two
000000002018-06-05-00005 June 2018
7001130000000000000♠13 days
[94]

Stendel, DanielDaniel Stendel

000000001974-04-04-00004 April 1974
Barnsley
3League One
000000002018-06-06-00006 June 2018
7001120000000000000♠12 days
[95]

Tisdale, PaulPaul Tisdale

000000001973-01-14-000014 January 1973
Milton Keynes Dons
4League Two
000000002018-06-06-00006 June 2018
7001120000000000000♠12 days
[96]

Potter, GrahamGraham Potter

000000001975-05-20-000020 May 1975
Swansea City
2Championship
000000002018-06-11-000011 June 2018
7000700000000000000♠7 days
[97]

Bunn, FrankieFrankie Bunn

000000001962-11-06-00006 November 1962
Oldham Athletic
4League Two
000000002018-06-13-000013 June 2018
7000500000000000000♠5 days
[98]

Bielsa, MarceloMarcelo Bielsa

000000001955-07-21-000021 July 1955
Leeds United
2Championship
000000002018-06-15-000015 June 2018
7000300000000000000♠3 days
[99]

zzzVacant[N 16]

999999999999-99-99-0000
Bradford City
3League One
000000002018-05-08-00008 May 2018
7001410000000000000♠41 days
[100]

zzzVacant[N 17]

999999999999-99-99-0000
Macclesfield Town
4League Two
000000002018-06-01-00001 June 2018
7001170000000000000♠17 days
[92]

zzzVacant[N 18]

999999999999-99-99-0000
Doncaster Rovers
3League One
000000002018-06-04-00004 June 2018
7001140000000000000♠14 days
[101]

text: ‡ indicates player-manager


document_title: List of football clubs in England by competitive honours won

question_text: most trophies won by an english football club

root

text: Summary totals[edit]

text: Numbers in bold are record totals for that category. Clubs in italics are Double winners: they have won two or more of these trophies in the same season (excluding super cups). Trophies that were shared between two clubs are counted as honours for both teams. Clubs tied in total honours are listed chronologically by most recent honour won. See the other tables for breakdowns of each competition won.

tag: p

text: Cups here are competitions with a knockout format. Among FIFA and UEFA competitions, these are the UEFA Champions League, the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, the UEFA Europa League, the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, the UEFA Intertoto Cup, and the FIFA Club World Cup. Among top-qualifying competitions overseen by The FA, these are the top division, the FA Cup, the League Cup, the Full Members Cup, the Football League Super Cup and the Football League Centenary Trophy.

text: Super cups here consist of the two FIFA and UEFA honours that had only two participating clubs per season. These are the Intercontinental Cup and UEFA Super Cup.

text: Shields are the FA Community Shield and its precursor the Sheriff of London Charity Shield. The Anglo-Italian League Cup is also listed as a shield because it only had two clubs competing per season.

text: Last updated on 19 May 2018.

text:
Combined totals of English men's clubs by wins in FIFA and UEFA honours and top-qualifying FA, EFL and PL honours

FIFA and UEFA

FA, EFL and PL (top-qualifying)

Total

Club

Cups

Super Cups

Total

League

Cups

Super Cups

Total

League

Cups

Super Cups

Total

Manchester United

6

2

8

20

17

21

58

20

23

23

66

Liverpool

8

3

11

18

16

16

50

18

24

19

61

Arsenal

2

—

2

13

16

15

44

13

18

15

46

Chelsea

4

1

5

6

15

4

25

6

19

5

30

Tottenham Hotspur

3

—

3

2

12

9

23

2

15

9

26

Aston Villa

2

1

3

7

12

3

22

7

14

4

25

Everton

1

—

1

9

5

9

23

9

6

9

24

Manchester City

1

—

1

5

10

5

20

5

11

5

21

Newcastle United

2

—

2

4

6

2

12

4

8

2

14

Nottingham Forest

2

1

3

1

8

1

10

1

10

2

13

Wolverhampton Wanderers

—

—

—

3

6

4

13

3

6

4

13

Blackburn Rovers

—

—

—

3

8

1

12

3

8

1

12

Sheffield Wednesday

—

—

—

4

4

2

10

4

4

2

10

Sunderland

—

—

—

6

2

2

10

6

2

2

10

Leeds United

2

—

2

3

2

2

7

3

4

2

9

West Bromwich Albion

—

—

—

1

6

2

9

1

6

2

9

West Ham United

2

—

2

—

3

1

4

—

5

1

6

Sheffield United

—

—

—

1

4

1

6

1

4

1

6

Leicester City

—

—

—

1

3

1

5

1

3

1

5

Portsmouth

—

—

—

2

2

1

5

2

2

1

5

Burnley

—

—

—

2

1

2

5

2

1

2

5

Bolton Wanderers

—

—

—

—

4

1

5

—

4

1

5

Huddersfield Town

—

—

—

3

1

1

5

3

1

1

5

Wanderers

—

—

—

—

5

—

5

—

5

—

5

Derby County

—

—

—

2

1

1

4

2

1

1

4

Preston North End

—

—

—

2

2

—

4

2

2

—

4

Ipswich Town

1

—

1

1

1

—

2

1

2

—

3

Corinthian

—

—

—

—

—

3

3

—

—

3

3

Birmingham City

—

—

—

—

2

—

2

—

2

—

2

Swindon Town

—

—

—

—

1

1

2

—

1

1

2

Norwich City

—

—

—

—

2

—

2

—

2

—

2

Cardiff City[a]

—

—

—

—

1

1

2

—

1

1

2

Bury

—

—

—

—

2

—

2

—

2

—

2

Old Etonians

—

—

—

—

2

—

2

—

2

—

2

Wigan Athletic

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Swansea City[b]

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Middlesbrough

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Fulham

1

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

Crystal Palace

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Luton Town

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Reading

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Wimbledon

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Coventry City

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Oxford United

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Southampton

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Stoke City

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Queens Park Rangers

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Blackpool

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Charlton Athletic

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Barnsley

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Bradford City

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Brighton & Hove Albion

—

—

—

—

—

1

1

—

—

1

1

Queen's Park[c]

—

—

—

—

—

1

1

—

—

1

1

Notts County

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Blackburn Olympic

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Old Carthusians

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Clapham Rovers

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Royal Engineers

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

Oxford University

—

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

1

—

1

tag: table

text: FIFA and UEFA[edit]

text: Winners of each competition are referenced above. Numbers in bold are English record totals for that competition. Trophies that were shared between two clubs are counted as honours for both teams. Clubs tied in total honours are listed chronologically by most recent honour won.

text: Last updated 2 February 2017.

text:
English men's clubs by FIFA and UEFA honours won

Club

UCL

UEL

USC

ICFC

UCWC

UIC

IC

FCWC

Total

Liverpool

5

3

3

—

—

—

—

—

11

Manchester United

3

1

1

—

1

—

1

1

8

Chelsea

1

1

1

—

2

—

—

—

5

Nottingham Forest

2

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

3

Aston Villa

1

—

1

—

—

1

—

—

3

Tottenham Hotspur

—

2

—

—

1

—

—

—

3

Arsenal

—

—

—

1

1

—

—

—

2

Leeds United

—

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

2

West Ham United

—

—

—

—

1

1

—

—

2

Newcastle United

—

—

—

1

—

1

—

—

2

Everton

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

1

Ipswich Town

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Manchester City

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

1

Fulham

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

1

text: FA, EFL and PL (top-qualifying)[edit]

text: This section only lists competitions overseen by The FA (and its subsidiary leagues the EFL and Premier League) where there are no higher competitions clubs could participate in instead. See the next section for other competitions run by these bodies. See the main article for winners of friendly competitions run by these bodies.

text: Winners of each competition are referenced above. Numbers in bold are record totals for that competition. Clubs in italics are Double winners: they have won two or more of the top division, the FA Cup, and the EFL Cup. Trophies that were shared between two clubs are counted as honours for both teams. Clubs tied in total honours are listed chronologically by most recent honour won.

text: Last updated 16 April 2017.

text:
Men's clubs by top-qualifying FA, EFL and PL competitions won

Club

EFC

FAC

EFLC

FACS

SLCS

FMC

FLSC

FLCT

AILC

Total

Manchester United

20

12

5

21

—

—

—

—

—

58

Liverpool

18

7

8

15

1

—

1

—

—

50

Arsenal

13

13

2

15

—

—

—

1

—

44

Chelsea

6

8

5

4

—

2

—

—

—

25

Tottenham Hotspur

2

8

4

7

1

—

—

—

1

23

Everton

9

5

—

9

—

—

—

—

—

23

Aston Villa

7

7

5

1

2

—

—

—

—

22

Manchester City

5

5

5

5

—

—

—

—

—

20

Wolverhampton Wanderers

3

4

2

4

—

—

—

—

—

13

Blackburn Rovers

3

6

1

1

—

1

—

—

—

12

Newcastle United

4

6

—

1

1

—

—

—

—

12

Nottingham Forest

1

2

4

1

—

2

—

—

—

10

Sheffield Wednesday

4

3

1

1

1

—

—

—

—

10

Sunderland

6

2

—

1

1

—

—

—

—

10

West Bromwich Albion

1

5

1

2

—

—

—

—

—

9

Leeds United

3

1

1

2

—

—

—

—

—

7

Sheffield United

1

4

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

6

Leicester City

1

—

3

1

—

—

—

—

—

5

Portsmouth

2

2

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

5

Burnley

2

1

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

5

Bolton Wanderers

—

4

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

5

Huddersfield Town

3

1

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

5

Wanderers

—

5

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

5

West Ham United

—

3

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

4

Derby County

2

1

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

4

Preston North End

2

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

4

Corinthian

—

—

—

—

3

—

—

—

—

3

Birmingham City

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

Ipswich Town

1

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

Swindon Town

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

1

2

Norwich City

—

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

Cardiff City[a]

—

1

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

2

Bury

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

Old Etonians

—

2

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

2

Wigan Athletic

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Swansea City[b]

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Middlesbrough

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Crystal Palace

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

1

Luton Town

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Reading

—

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

1

Wimbledon

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Coventry City

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Oxford United

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Southampton

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Stoke City

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Queens Park Rangers

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Blackpool

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Charlton Athletic

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Barnsley

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Bradford City

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Brighton & Hove Albion

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

1

Queen's Park[c]

—

—

—

—

1

—

—

—

—

1

Notts County

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Blackburn Olympic

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Old Carthusians

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Clapham Rovers

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Royal Engineers

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

Oxford University

—

1

—

—

—

—

—

—

—

1

text: FA, EFL and PL (lower-qualifying)[edit]

text: In addition to the honours listed in the section above, England's football governing bodies have also organized a variety of less prominent competitions for clubs not eligible for the honours above. One example is the Texaco Cup (or International League Board Competition), which was available for top division sides that hadn't qualified for Europe, and was one of the few attempts to create a cross-border competition between clubs from the various nations of the UK and Ireland.[37] Another is the EFL Trophy, which involves clubs from League One and League Two (the third and fourth tiers of the English football league system).[38]

text: County FAs[edit]

text: English football also has a network of regional governing bodies known as County Football Associations. These associations are roughly based around county lines, although some cover multiple counties or the boundaries of major cities.[39] They generally have a Senior Cup, such as the Kent Senior Cup or Middlesex Senior Cup, as their premier competition for men's clubs.[40][41] In some cases, such as the Kent and Middlesex Senior Cups, these involve the senior first-teams of lower-division or regional-division clubs;[40][41] in other cases it can have other formats, such as the Manchester Senior Cup, which became a reserve team competition for six large clubs from the region. In the years when league football was unavailable or only available to northern and midlands clubs, the Senior Cups coexisted with the FA Cup as the main tournaments for clubs.[42][43][44]


document_title: Baby Daddy

question_text: who plays emma in baby daddy season 6

question_tokens: who plays emma in baby daddy season 6

text: Baby Daddy

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Ben Wheeler, a twenty-something-year-old bachelor, is suddenly a father when his baby daughter Emma is left at his doorstep. With the help of his overbearing mother Bonnie, his older brother Danny, and his two best friends Tucker and Riley, Ben works to turn his life around in order to provide for his daughter.

text: Characters[edit]

text: Main characters[edit]

text:
Benjamin Bon Jovi "Ben" Wheeler[3] (Jean-Luc Bilodeau): The lead character of the series. He was living the life of a bachelor as a bartender in New York City with his buddy Tucker and his older brother Danny. His life was turned upside down when he opened his apartment door to find a baby girl left at his door by a one night stand. The baby turned out to be his daughter Emma. At the beginning of the series, Ben's job was the same throughout the series, with the difference in season 4 when he and Danny became owners of the bar. He and Riley, next-door-neighbor and childhood friend of Ben, dated briefly twice. The relationship fails because Ben didn't live up to Riley's expectations. Eventually, it is revealed how strong Danny's feelings are for Riley. Ben initially denies this until Bonnie intervenes and points out that "Danny has loved Riley nearly his whole life" and tries to get the two together. Throughout Season 6, Ben constantly tries to find Elle, a girl he has fallen for after seeing her three times in the same day during the season 5 finale. In the series finale, Elle is seen looking for Ben throughout the series as well.[4] At the conclusion of the series finale, Elle walks in to deliver Riley's son and Ben immediately recognizes Elle and they end up going out.
Tucker Thurgood Marshall Dobbs[5] (Tahj Mowry): Ben's best friend and roommate. Tucker is friendly towards everybody as long as they don't eat his food.[6] Tucker has a love-hate and somewhat teasing relationship with Mrs. Wheeler. Ben encouraged Tucker to drop out of law school to pursue a career in television. When his father, Marshall Dobbs (Phil Morris), finds out about this he is at first furious and disowns Tucker. Mr. Dobbs later approves of Tucker's career in the same episode. Tucker has multiple relationships throughout the series but ultimately ends up with Sondra, a talkative fellow tenant whose voice is extremely shrill.
Daniel Mellencamp "Danny" Wheeler[7] (Derek Theler): Ben's older brother, who is a professional hockey player for the New York Rangers. His little brother looks up to him, and is sometimes envious of Danny being better at everything. It is mentioned many times that Danny is their mother's favorite son, so much so that Mrs. Wheeler sometimes says she only has one son. In Season 4, Danny purchases Ben's place of employment, "Bar on B", for Ben. Danny has also been in love with Riley ever since he was six. Danny and Riley eventually end up together in seasons 5. In the season 5 finale, it is revealed that Riley is pregnant after Danny and Riley become very serious. During Season 6, Danny and Riley get married, and have a son.
Bonnie N. Walker (née Prapinski; previously Wheeler) (Melissa Peterman): Ben and Danny's mother. She is a happy, outgoing, loud, and dramatic person who has a kind heart. Bonnie loves her kids and her granddaughter more than anything. She loves to drink; her favorite wine is chardonnay. It is hinted many times throughout the series that Bonnie might have a drinking problem. Bonnie has an on and off relationship with Brad Walker since season 3. She later marries Brad in an elevator. She had originally wanted to be a model but those plans changed after having Danny. She later became a realtor. Bonnie is in love with Bon Jovi, so much so that she named her second son "Benjamin Bon Jovi Wheeler". She describes herself as "a beautiful young woman with goals and ambitions."
Riley Perrin (Chelsea Kane): Ben's close friend and Danny's best friend since they were little. Although Riley dates Ben on and off during the first few seasons of the show, she falls for Danny towards the end of Season 4, and subsequently begin a relationship with him. During the Season 5 season finale, it is revealed that Riley is pregnant. Danny and Riley get married in Season 6, and she gives birth to their son in the series finale. It has been said that she was extremely overweight in high school and, in the season 3 episode "Romancing the Phone" she says she lost 90 pounds. When they were kids, her nickname was "Rigantor" and could beat up the boys, enjoyed watching professional wrestling with Danny, and played field hockey as well as street hockey. She is highly intelligent. Despite having some difficulty with the LSATs, she did well enough to get accepted into law school.[8] Riley is also extremely competitive. She has liked Ben ever since they were young, but only Danny initially knew. In the episode "Send in the Clowns", it is revealed that her aunt was her real mother. In the episode "House of Cards," she mentions a sister, presumably her cousin in reality, whom she claims to "hate".
Emma Wheeler (Ali Louise and Susanne Allan Hartman in season 1; Mila and Zoey Beske in season 2; Ember and Harper Husak in season 3; Sura and Kayleigh Harris in seasons 4–6): Ben's daughter, who was left at his door by a one night stand. Angela, Emma's mother, and Ben went on with their lives until she realized she was pregnant and gave birth to the child. Deciding that her acting career was more important raising a child, she left Emma at Ben's front door and gave him full custody of Emma.

tag: ul

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text:
Brad Walker (Peter Porte): A handsome real estate agent who had an on and off relationship with Bonnie since season 3. He had a twin brother named Tad. On the season 4 episode "Parental Guidance", Brad proposed to Bonnie, with her saying yes. Brad and Bonnie officially got married in season 5.
Dr. Amy Shaw (Lacey Chabert): A psychologist for the New York Rangers and Danny's girlfriend in season 2. She cares deeply for Danny but is constantly worried his feelings for Riley will drive him away. She eventually realizes Danny still has feelings for Riley and breaks up with him in the episode "Surprise!". In season 3, Amy shows up and announces that she is engaged to another man.
Fitch Douglas (Matt Dallas): Son of a millionaire and Riley's boyfriend in season 2. Fitch does not speak to his family for he feels their money corrupts them. He constantly travels to Africa to help the children and orphanages, having a long distance relationship with Riley. He is seemingly killed in Africa but later turns up alive at his memorial and proposes to Riley. She regretfully declines claiming she is not the one for him. In season 3, he comes back and Riley attempts to make him her rebound to forget Ben.
Philip Farlow (Christopher O'Shea): A college professor whom Riley briefly dated in season 3.
Georgie Farlow (Mallory Jansen): Philip's sister who briefly dated Ben, but later developed feelings for Danny in season 3. She is a fashion photographer for Vogue magazine. She doesn't like Riley, but begins to accept her for Danny's sake in the episode "Foos it or Lose It". She breaks up with Danny via voicemail at the beginning of season 4.
Angela (Mimi Gianopulos): The mother of Emma and the ex-girlfriend of Ben. When her daughter was 3 months old, she abandoned her on Ben's doorstep. She's an aspiring actress who had since moved to California. Although she appears in several episodes, Angela never took the role of Emma's mother as she would often place her career first.
Megan (Grace Phipps): A day care worker whom Ben dated in season 2. She broke up with him after he almost lost her dog.
Ray Wheeler (Greg Grunberg): Ben and Danny's father. He is divorced from Bonnie and doesn't get along with her. He makes amends with Bonnie by finally telling his family that he's in a relationship with a man named Steve (Robert Gant).
Sondra (Rachna Khatau): A neighbor who's known for her talkativeness and distinctive high-pitched voice.
Robyn (Christa B. Allen): Riley's co worker and Danny's girlfriend in season 4.
Zoey (Jonna Walsh): A single mother living in the same building as Ben, introduced in season 5. She shares the same interests as Ben, but is reluctant to give in to her romantic feelings because of Ben's immaturity.
Sam Saffe (Daniella Monet): The manager of the Bar on B in season 5. She went to highschool with Ben, Danny and Riley. Ben had a crush on her in high school but she never reciprocated his feelings. She and Riley did not like each other, despite frequent attempts in both ends to become friends. Sam briefly dates Ben in season 5.
Elle (Katie Gill): A woman that Ben has met a few brief times and is convinced is his soulmate.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
June 20, 2012 (2012-06-20)
August 29, 2012 (2012-08-29)

2
16
May 29, 2013 (2013-05-29)
December 11, 2013 (2013-12-11)

3
21
January 15, 2014 (2014-01-15)
June 18, 2014 (2014-06-18)

4
22
October 22, 2014 (2014-10-22)
August 5, 2015 (2015-08-05)

5
20
February 3, 2016 (2016-02-03)
August 3, 2016 (2016-08-03)

6
11
March 13, 2017 (2017-03-13)
May 22, 2017

text: Development and production[edit]

text: The series was given a green-light on February 2, 2012[9] and began production on March 28, 2012. On August 17, 2012, the series renewed for a second season, which premiered on May 29, 2013.[10] On March 22, 2013, ABC Family announced that Baby Daddy was renewed for a third season, two months before the second season premiered.[11] The third season premiered on January 15, 2014.[12] Baby Daddy was renewed for a fourth season on March 17, 2014.[13] It premiered on October 22, 2014, with the series' first Halloween episode "Strip or Treat".[14] On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for a fifth season.[15] It premiered on February 3, 2016.[16] On June 27, 2016, Freeform renewed the show for a sixth season.[17] It premiered on March 13, 2017.[18]

text: On May 13, 2017, TVLine announced that the series would end at the conclusion of its sixth season.[19]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series premiered in the United States on June 20, 2012, on ABC Family.[2]

text: In New Zealand, the show premiered on TVNZ's TV2 beginning on December 14, 2013.[citation needed]

text: In Australia, the series airs on Fox8, with season 1 premiering 29 September 2013,[20] with season 2 returning on 4 May 2014,[21] and season 3 returning 24 August 2014.[22]

text: In the United Kingdom, the series began airing on E4 on February 16, 2015. The second season started on March 2, 2015.[23] Series 3 aired in April 2015. Series 4 aired in September 2015. Series 5 will premiere 5th September 2016.[24]

text: In Israel, the series airs weeknights (two episodes each) since July 2016. In South Africa aired 5 September 2015.

text: In Italy, the series began airing on Joi Premium, pay channel on the DTT platform Mediaset Premium from 22 February 2013 to 22 March 2013. The second, third, fourth and fifth seasons were broadcast on the streaming platform Mediaset Infinity from 2015 to 2016. The sixth season were made entirely available on October 4, 2017 on the streaming platform Mediaset Infinity.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Awards and nominations for Baby Daddy

Year
Association
Category
Nominee
Result

2012
Teen Choice Awards
Summer TV Star: Male
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Nominated

Summer TV Star: Female
Chelsea Kane
Nominated

2013
Teen Choice Awards
Breakout Show
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Breakout Star
Derek Theler
Nominated

Scene Stealer: Male
Tahj Mowry
Nominated

Summer TV Star: Male
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Nominated

Summer TV Star: Female
Chelsea Kane
Nominated

2014
Teen Choice Awards
Summer Show
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Scene Stealer: Male
Tahj Mowry
Nominated

Summer TV Star: Male
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Nominated

2015
People's Choice Awards
Favourite Cable TV Comedy
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Summer TV Series
Baby Daddy
Nominated

2016
People's Choice Awards
Favourite Cable TV Comedy
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV: Scene Stealer
Tahj Mowry
Nominated

Choice TV: Liplock
Chelsea Kane and Derek Theler
Nominated

Choice Summer TV Show
Baby Daddy
Nominated

Choice Summer TV Star: Male
Jean-Luc Bilodeau
Nominated

2017
People's Choice Awards
Favorite Cable TV Comedy
Baby Daddy
Won

Art Directors Guild Awards 2016
Multi-Camera Series
Greg Grande – Baby Daddy
Nominated

text: Reception[edit]

text: Baby Daddy received mixed reviews. On Metacritic, the first season of the show holds a 51 out of 100 Metascore based on 8 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[25] On Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds a 36% approval rating based on 11 reviews, with an average rating of 5.08/10. Audience score holds 84% (Season 1), 86% (Season 2), 90% (Season 3), 93% (Seasons 4 and 5), 100% (Season 6).[26]


document_title: Prostate

question_text: where is the prostate located in the male body

text: Prostate

text: Structure[edit]

text: The classical description of a healthy human male prostate portrays it as slightly larger than a walnut. The mean weight of the normal prostate in adult males is about 11 grams, usually ranging between 7 and 16 grams.[6] A study stated that prostate volume among patients with negative biopsy is related significantly with weight and height (body mass index), so it is necessary to control for weight.[7] The prostate surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder and can be felt during a rectal exam.

text:
The secretory epithelium is mainly pseudostratified, comprising tall columnar cells and basal cells which are supported by a fibroelastic stroma - containing randomly oriented smooth-muscle bundles - that's continuous with the bladder. The epithelium is highly variable and areas of low cuboidal or squamous epithelium are also present, with transitional epithelium in the distal regions of the longer ducts.[8]
Within the prostate, the urethra coming from the bladder is called the prostatic urethra and merges with the two ejaculatory ducts.[9]

text: One can sub-divide the prostate in two ways: by zone or by lobe.[10] It does not have a capsule; rather an integral fibromuscular band surrounds it.[11] It is sheathed in the muscles of the pelvic floor, which contract during the ejaculatory process.

text: Zones[edit]

text: The "zone" classification is more often used in pathology. John E. McNeal first proposed the idea of "zones" in 1968. McNeal found that the relatively homogeneous cut surface of an adult prostate in no way resembled "lobes" and thus led to the description of "zones".[12]

text: The prostate gland has four distinct glandular regions, two of which arise from different segments of the prostatic urethra:

text:
Name
Fraction of gland
Description

Peripheral zone (PZ)
Up to 70% in young men
The sub-capsular portion of the posterior aspect of the prostate gland that surrounds the distal urethra. From this portion of the gland ~70–80% of prostatic cancers originate.[13][14]

Central zone (CZ)
Approximately 25% normally
This zone surrounds the ejaculatory ducts. The central zone accounts for roughly 2.5% of prostate cancers; these cancers tend to be more aggressive and more likely to invade the seminal vesicles.[15]

Transition zone (TZ)
5% at puberty
~10–20% of prostate cancers originate in this zone. The transition zone surrounds the proximal urethra and is the region of the prostate gland that grows throughout life and causes the disease of benign prostatic enlargement. (2)[13][14]

Anterior fibro-muscular zone (or stroma)
Approximately 5%
This zone is usually devoid of glandular components, and composed only, as its name suggests, of muscle and fibrous tissue.

text: Lobes[edit]

text:
The "lobe" classification is more often used in anatomy.
The prostate is incompletely divided into five lobes:

text:
Anterior lobe (or isthmus)
roughly corresponds to part of transitional zone

Posterior lobe
roughly corresponds to peripheral zone

Right & left Lateral lobes
span all zones

Median lobe (or middle lobe)
roughly corresponds to part of central zone

text: Development[edit]

text:
The prostatic part of the urethra develops from the pelvic (middle) part of the urogenital sinus (endodermal origin). Endodermal outgrowths arise from the prostatic part of the urethra and grow into the surrounding mesenchyme. The glandular epithelium of the prostate differentiates from these endodermal cells, and the associated mesenchyme differentiates into the dense stroma and the smooth muscle of the prostate.[16]
The prostate glands represent the modified wall of the proximal portion of the male urethra and arise by the 9th week of embryonic life in the development of the reproductive system. Condensation of mesenchyme, urethra and Wolffian ducts gives rise to the adult prostate gland, a composite organ made up of several glandular and non-glandular components tightly fused.

text: Histology[edit]

text:
Glandular cells
Myoepithelial cells
Subepithelial interstitial cells[17]

text: Function[edit]

text: Male sexual response[edit]

text: During male seminal emission, sperm is transmitted from the vas deferens into the male urethra via the ejaculatory ducts, which lie within the prostate gland. Ejaculation is the expulsion of semen from the urethra. It is possible for some men to achieve orgasm solely through stimulation of the prostate gland, such as prostate massage or anal intercourse.[18][19][20]

text: Secretions[edit]

text: Prostatic secretions vary among species. They are generally composed of simple sugars and are often slightly alkaline.[21] In human prostatic secretions, the protein content is less than 1% and includes proteolytic enzymes, prostatic acid phosphatase, beta-microseminoprotein, and prostate-specific antigen. The secretions also contain zinc with a concentration 500–1,000 times the concentration in blood.

text: Regulation[edit]

text: To function properly, the prostate needs male hormones (androgens), which are responsible for male sex characteristics. The main male hormone is testosterone, which is produced mainly by the testicles. It is dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a metabolite of testosterone, that predominantly regulates the prostate.

text: Gene and protein expression[edit]

text: About 20,000 protein coding genes are expressed in human cells and almost 75% of these genes are expressed in the normal prostate.[22][23] About 150 of these genes are more specifically expressed in the prostate with about 20 genes being highly prostate specific.[24] The corresponding specific proteins are expressed in the glandular and secretory cells of the prostatic gland and have functions that are important for the characteristics of semen. Examples of some of the most prostate specific proteins are enzymes, such as the prostate specific antigen (PSA), and the ACPP protein.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: The volume of the prostate can be estimated by the formula 0.52 × length × width × height. A volume of over 30 cm3 is regarded as prostatomegaly (enlarged prostate). Prostatomegaly can be due to any of the following conditions.

text: Inflammation[edit]

text: Prostatitis is inflammation of the prostate gland. There are primarily four different forms of prostatitis, each with different causes and outcomes. Two relatively uncommon forms, acute prostatitis and chronic bacterial prostatitis, are treated with antibiotics (category I and II, respectively). Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis or male chronic pelvic pain syndrome (category III), which comprises about 95% of prostatitis diagnoses, is treated by a large variety of modalities including alpha blockers, physical therapy,[25] psychotherapy, antihistamines, anxiolytics, nerve modulators, phytotherapy,[26][unreliable medical source?], surgery, and more. More recently, a combination of trigger point and psychological therapy has proved effective for category III prostatitis as well.[27] Category IV prostatitis, relatively uncommon in the general population, is a type of leukocytosis.

text: Benign prostatic hyperplasia[edit]

text: Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) occurs in older men;[28] the prostate often enlarges to the point where urination becomes difficult. Symptoms include needing to urinate often (frequency) or taking a while to get started (hesitancy). If the prostate grows too large, it may constrict the urethra and impede the flow of urine, making urination difficult and painful and, in extreme cases, completely impossible.

text: BPH can be treated with medication, a minimally invasive procedure or, in extreme cases, surgery that removes the prostate. Minimally invasive procedures include transurethral needle ablation of the prostate (TUNA) and transurethral microwave thermotherapy (TUMT).[29] These outpatient procedures may be followed by the insertion of a temporary prostatic stent, to allow normal voluntary urination, without exacerbating irritative symptoms.[30]  In some cases, "obesity management may be an effective method to reduce prostate volume."[7]

text: The surgery most often used in such cases is called transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP or TUR). In TURP, an instrument is inserted through the urethra to remove prostate tissue that is pressing against the upper part of the urethra and restricting the flow of urine. TURP results in the removal of mostly transitional zone tissue in a patient with BPH. Older men often have corpora amylacea[31] (amyloid), dense accumulations of calcified proteinaceous material, in the ducts of their prostates. The corpora amylacea may obstruct the lumens of the prostatic ducts, and may underlie some cases of BPH.

text:
Urinary frequency due to bladder spasm, common in older men, may be confused with prostatic hyperplasia.
Statistical observations suggest that a diet low in fat and red meat and high in protein and vegetables, as well as regular alcohol consumption, could protect against BPH.[32]

text: Life-style changes to improve the quality of urination include urinating in the sitting position.[33] This reduces the amount of residual volume in the bladder, increases the urinary flow rate and decreases the voiding time.

text: Cancer[edit]

text:
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting older men in developed countries and a significant cause of death for elderly men[34] (estimated by some specialists at 3%[citation needed]). Despite this, the American Cancer Society's position regarding early detection is "Research has not yet proven that the potential benefits of testing outweigh the harms of testing and treatment". They believe "that men should not be tested without learning about... the risks and possible benefits of testing and treatment" which should be discussed with a doctor at age 50 or at age 45 if the patient is black or has a father or brother who acquired prostate cancer before age 65.[35]
If checks are performed, they can be in the form of a physical rectal exam, measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) level in the blood, or checking for the presence of the protein Engrailed-2 (EN2) in the urine.

text: Co-researchers Hardev Pandha and Richard Morgan published their findings regarding checking for EN2 in urine in the 1 March 2011 issue of the journal Clinical Cancer Research.[36] A laboratory test currently identifies EN2 in urine, and a home test kit is envisioned similar to a home pregnancy test strip. According to Morgan, "We are preparing several large studies in the UK and in the US and although the EN2 test is not yet available, several companies have expressed interest in taking it forward."[37]

text: Vasectomy and risk of prostate cancer[edit]

text: In 1983, the Journal of the American Medical Association reported a connection between vasectomy and an increased risk of prostate cancer. Reported studies of 48,000 and 29,000 men who had vasectomies showed 66 percent and 56 percent higher rates of prostate cancer, respectively. The risk increased with age and the number of years since the vasectomy was performed.

text: However, in March of the same year, the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development held a conference cosponsored by the National Cancer Institute and others to review the available data and information on the link between prostate cancer and vasectomies. It was determined that an association between the two was very weak at best, and even if having a vasectomy increased one's risk, the risk was relatively small.

text: In 1997, the NCI held a conference with the prostate cancer Progressive Review Group (a committee of scientists, medical personnel, and others). Their final report, published in 1998 stated that evidence that vasectomies help to develop prostate cancer was weak at best.[38]

text: In other mammals[edit]

text: The prostate is found as a male accessory gland in all placental mammals excepting edentates, martens, badgers and otters.[39] The prostate glands of male marsupials are disseminate[40] and proportionally larger than those of placental mammals.[41] In some marsupial species, the size of the prostate gland changes seasonally.[42] The structure of the prostate varies, ranging from tubuloalveolar (as in humans) to branched tubular. The gland is particularly well developed in dogs, foxes and boars, though in other mammals, such as bulls, it can be small and inconspicuous.[43][44] Dogs can produce in one hour as much prostatic fluid as a human can in a day. They excrete this fluid along with their urine to mark their territory.[45] In many rodents and bats, the prostatic fluid contains a coagulant. This mixes with and coagulates semen during copulation to form a mating plug that temporarily prevents further copulation.[46][47] In cetaceans the prostate is composed of diffuse urethral glands[48] and is surrounded by a very powerful compressor muscle.[49]

text: The prostate gland originates with tissues in the urethral wall. This means the urethra, a compressible tube used for urination, runs through the middle of the prostate. This leads to an evolutionary design fault for some mammals, including human males. The prostate is prone to infection and enlargement later in life, constricting the urethra so urinating becomes slow and painful.[50]

text: Skene's gland is found in both female humans and rodents. Historically it was thought to be a vestigial organ, but recently it has been discovered that it  produces the same protein markers, PSA and PAB, as the male prostate.[51] This means Skene's gland functions as a female prostate, a histologic homolog to the male prostate gland.[52][53]

text: Monotremes and marsupial moles lack prostates, instead having simpler cloacal glands that carry their function.[54][55]

text: In invertebrates[edit]

text: A prostate gland also occurs in some invertebrate species, such as gastropods.[56]

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Urinary bladder

Structure of the penis

Lobes of prostate

Zones of prostate

Prostate

Microscopic glands of the prostate

Male Anatomy

The deeper branches of the internal pudendal artery.

Lymphatics of the prostate.

Fundus of the bladder with the vesiculæ seminales.

Vesiculae seminales and ampullae of ductus deferentes, front view.

Vertical section of bladder, penis, and urethra.

Dissection of prostate showing prostatic urethra.


document_title: Miss Trinidad and Tobago Universe

question_text: who won miss universe trinidad and tobago 2012

text: Miss Trinidad and Tobago Universe

text: History[edit]

text: The Miss Trinidad and Tobago debuted in 1963 when Jead Stodart, Miss Y de Lima 1963 was crowned the Carnival Queen of Trinidad by National Carnival Committee (NCC) and went to the Miss Universe 1963 in the United States. Beginning in 1963 the first representative of Trinidad and Tobago at Miss Universe was selected by on February 25-26, 1963.[1] From 1963 to 1964 the country was only wearing sash "Trinidad" and began in 1966 the country wore "Trinidad and Tobago" sash in Miss Universe history. Since 1966 the winner of Miss Trinidad and Tobago beauty pageant represented her country to Miss Universe. After changing many directories in 2017 Miss Universe Trinidad and Tobago handled by Jenny Douglas, independently.

text: In 2005 Miss Trinidad and Tobago 2004, Cheryl Ankrah withdrew at the Miss Universe 2005 after accusing of not fulfilling her duties and becoming overweight. In that year Peter Elias, Director of Miss Trinidad and Tobago decided to hold the second small casting for finding the new Trinidad and Tobago representative at Miss Universe 2005.[2][3] In 2006 Kenisha Thom appointed to be the new Miss Universe representative to Trinidad and Tobago.

text: On February 28, 2008 the TallMan Foundation organized the Miss Trinidad and Tobago. Two title holders Miss Trinidad and Tobago Universe and Miss Trinidad and Tobago World had been crowned in the same event.[4] Later, Gabrielle Walcott, Miss Trinidad and Tobago World 2008 won the title of Miss Trinidad and Tobago Universe in 2011 under Ian Lee directorship.[5]

text: In 2010 the Miss Trinidad and Tobago broadcast on CNN TV6 when La Toya Woods crowned as the Miss Trinidad and Tobago. Danielle Jones (Miss Trinidad and Tobago 2004) was one of the hosts in the program. In 2011 the Miss Universe licensee was purchased by Ian Lee from Mas Band Tribe.[6]

text: Between 2012 and 2014 a Chief Executive Officer of Mas Band Tribe, Dean Ackin took over the Miss Trinidad & Tobago pageant.[7]

text: In 2017 a Canadian Chief Engineer took the franchise of Miss Universe in Trinidad and Tobago.

text: National pageants[edit]

text: Miss Trinidad and Tobago Universe is an organisation dedicated to selecting a national delegate to represent the country at the international Miss Universe pageant annually. While the organising committee seeks to do this in a fair and democratic manner, it also seeks other outcomes including the upliftment of women through beauty and expression.

text: The women usually range from ages 18 to 27, and are selected from a pageant held in Trinidad and Tobago, where the winner represents the country at Miss Universe. Trinidad & Tobago did not send a delegate to Miss Universe in 1965, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1992, 2007 and 2009.

text: The MISSION: To seek a national candidate to represent the republic at the international, annual Miss Universe pageant; and in so doing create a forum for the upliftment of women through beauty, intellect and expression.

text: Miss Universe[edit]

text: The country's representative in 1977, Janelle Commissiong became the first person of African ethnicity to win the Miss Universe contest which was hosted in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic.

text: In May, 1999, the Miss Universe pageant was hosted at the Chaguaramas Convention Centre in Chaguaramas, Trinidad & Tobago. A record eighty-four nations were represented and winner that year was Mpule Kwelagobe of Botswana. It was also the first time two women of African descent won on consecutive occasions, with the prior year winner being Wendy Fitzwilliam of Trinidad and Tobago.

text: Titleholders[edit]

text:
Winner
     Runner-up
     Finalist or semifinalist

text: The winner of Miss Trinidad and Tobago represents her country at the Miss Universe. On occasion, when the winner does not qualify (due to age) for either contest, a runner-up is sent. Trinidad & Tobago has had two Miss Universes since the Miss Universe inception in 1952

text:
Year
Miss Trinidad and Tobago
City represented
Placement
Special Awards
Notes

1963
Jean Stodart
San Fernando
Unplaced

Queen Carnival by National Carnival Committee (NCC)

1964
Julia Merlene Laurence
Port of Spain
Unplaced

The last Miss Trinidad as "Trinidad" representative

1966
Kathleen Hares
Port of Spain
Unplaced

Miss T&T supported by Ministry of community Development Culture and The Arts

1971
Sally Karamath
San Fernando
Unplaced

1973
Camella King
San Fernando
Unplaced

1974
Stephanie Lee Pack
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1975
Christine Mary Jackson
Saint Augustine
Unplaced
Miss Congeniality

1976
Margaret Elizabeth McFarlane
Couva
Unplaced
Miss Congeniality

1977
Janelle Commissiong
Port of Spain
Miss Universe 1977
Miss Photogenic

1978
Sophia Titus
Maraval
Unplaced
Miss Congeniality

1979
Marie Noelle Diaz
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1980
Althea Ingrid Rocke
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1981
Rohini Samaroo
San Fernando
Unplaced

1982
Suzanne Troboulay
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1983
Sandra William
Saint Joseph
Unplaced

1984
Gina Maria Tardieu
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1985
Brenda Joy Fahey
Santa Cruz
Unplaced

1986
Candace Jennings
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1987
Sheree Ann Denise Richards
San Fernando
Unplaced

1988
Cheryl Ann Gordon
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1989
Guenevere Helen Kelshall
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1990
Maryse De Gourville
Port of Spain
Unplaced

1991
Josie Ann Richards
San Juan
Unplaced

1993
Rachel Charles
Speyside
Unplaced

1994
Lorca Chelsea Gatcliffe
Couva
Unplaced

1995
Arlene Peterkin
Port of Spain
Top 6

1996
Michelle Khan
Princes Town
Unplaced

1997
Margot Rita Bourgeois
Arouca
2nd Runner-up

1998
Wendy Fitzwilliam[8]
Diego Martin
Miss Universe 1998
Best National Costume

1999
Nicole Simone Dyer
Diego Martin
Unplaced
Best National Costume
Miss Universe 1999 held in Trinidad and Tobago

2000
Heidi Ann Rostant
Port of Spain
Unplaced

2001
Alexia Charlerie[9]
Saint Augustine
Unplaced

2002
Nasma Mohammed
Princes Town
Unplaced

2003
Faye Alibocas
San Fernando
Top 10

2004
Danielle Jones
Port of Spain
4th Runner-up
Best National Costume
(Top 10)

2005
Cheryl Ankrah
Port of Spain
Did not compete

Withdrew, after accused of not fulfilling her duties and becoming overweight

Magdalene Walcott
Tunapuna
Top 15

Selected by small pageant

2006
Kenisha Thom
Saint Augustine
Top 10
Best National Costume
(Top 20)
1st Runner-up at Miss Trinidad and Tobago 2004 and Top 15 at Miss World 2004

2008
Anya Ayoung-Chee
Port of Spain
Unplaced

Miss T&T held by TallMan Foundation

2010
La Toya Woods
Couva
Unplaced

Lia Marie Guavara (CNN TV6) Directorship

2011
Gabrielle Walcott
Port of Spain
Unplaced
Best National Costume
(5th Runner-up)
Ian Lee Directorship

2012
Avionne Mark
Champs Fleurs
Unplaced

Dean Ackin Directorship

2013
Catherine Miller[10]
Port of Spain
Unplaced
Best National Costume
(1st Runner-up)

2014
Jevon King[11]
Diego Martin
Unplaced

2017
Yvonne Clarke
San Fernando
Unplaced

Jenny Douglass Directorship


document_title: The Mummy (1999 film)

question_text: who played the mummy in the movie the mummy

text: The Mummy (1999 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Thebes, Egypt, 1290 BC, high priest Imhotep has a love affair with Anck-su-Namun, the mistress of Pharaoh Seti I. When the Pharaoh discovers the affair, Imhotep and Anck-su-Namun assassinate him. Imhotep flees, while Anck-su-Namun kills herself, intending for Imhotep to resurrect her. Imhotep and his priests steal her corpse and travel to Hamunaptra, the city of the dead, but the resurrection ritual is stopped by Seti's bodyguards, the Medjai. Imhotep's priests are all mummified alive, while Imhotep himself is sentenced to suffer the Hom Dai, the worst of Egyptian curses, buried alive with flesh-eating scarab beetles. Imhotep is sealed away in a sarcophagus at the feet of a statue of the Egyptian god Anubis and kept under strict surveillance by the Medjai to prevent Imhotep's return.

text: In 1926, Jonathan Carnahan presents his sister, Evelyn, a Cairo librarian and aspiring Egyptologist, with an intricate box and map, which leads to Hamunaptra. Jonathan reveals he stole the box from an American adventurer, Rick O'Connell, who discovered the city while in the French Foreign Legion. Rick makes a deal with Evelyn to lead them there if they release him from prison.

text: Rick leads Evelyn and her party to the city, where the group encounters a band of American treasure hunters guided by Rick's cowardly colleague Beni Gabor. The expeditions are attacked by the Medjai, led by the warrior Ardeth Bay. Against Ardeth's advice to leave the city, the two expeditions continue to excavate. Evelyn searches for the famous Book of the Living, a book made of pure gold. Instead of finding the book, she, Rick, and Jonathan stumble upon the statue of Anubis and the remains of Imhotep buried underneath. The team of Americans, meanwhile, discover the black Book of the Dead, accompanied by canopic jars carrying Anck-su-Namun's preserved organs.

text: At night, Evelyn takes the Book of the Dead and reads a page aloud, accidentally awakening Imhotep. The expeditions return to Cairo, but Imhotep follows them with the help of Beni. Imhotep returns to full strength by killing the members of the American expedition one by one, and brings the ten plagues back to Egypt. Seeking a way to stop Imhotep, Rick, Evelyn and Jonathan meet Ardeth at a museum. Ardeth hypothesizes that Imhotep wants to resurrect Anck-su-Namun again and plans to do so by sacrificing Evelyn. Evelyn believes that if the Book of the Dead brought Imhotep back to life, the Book of the Living can kill him again, and deduces the book's whereabouts. Imhotep corners the group with an army of slaves. Evelyn agrees to accompany Imhotep if he spares the rest of the group.

text: Imhotep, Evelyn, and Beni return to Hamunaptra, pursued by Rick, Jonathan, and Ardeth. Imhotep prepares to sacrifice Evelyn, but she is rescued after an intense battle with Imhotep's mummified priests. When Evelyn reads from the Book of Amun-Ra, Imhotep becomes mortal again, and Rick forces him into the River of Death. Imhotep leaves the world of the living, vowing revenge. While looting treasure from the pyramid, Beni accidentally sets off an ancient booby trap and is trapped by a swarm of flesh-eating scarabs as Hamunaptra collapses into the sand. Ardeth rides away as Rick and Evelyn kiss and, with Jonathan, ride off into the sunset on a pair of camels laden with Beni's treasure.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Brendan Fraser as Richard "Rick" O'Connell
An American adventurer who served in the French Foreign Legion. Producer James Jacks offered the role of Rick O'Connell to Tom Cruise, Brad Pitt, Matt Damon and Ben Affleck but the actors were not interested or could not fit the role into their respective schedules.[5] Jacks and director Stephen Sommers were impressed with the money that George of the Jungle was making at the box office and cast Brendan Fraser as a result;[5] Sommers also commented that he felt Fraser fit the Errol Flynn swashbuckling character he had envisioned perfectly.[6] The actor understood that his character "doesn't take himself too seriously, otherwise the audience can't go on that journey with him".[7]
Rachel Weisz as Evelyn "Evie" Carnahan
A clumsy yet intelligent Egyptologist. Evelyn undertakes the expedition to Hamunaptra to discover an ancient book, proving herself to her peers. The character was named in tribute to Lady Evelyn Carnarvon, the daughter of amateur Egyptologist Lord Carnarvon, both present at the opening of the tomb of Tutankhamen in 1922.[8] Rachel Weisz was not a big fan of horror films but did not see this film as such. As she said in an interview, "It's hokum, a comic book world."[9]

text:
Arnold Vosloo as Imhotep / The Mummy
Pharaoh's High Priest and one of Pharaoh Seti I's most trusted advisers, Imhotep betrays his sovereign out of love for Anck-su-namun. He is cursed and slowly killed for his treachery, but is resurrected 3,000 years later. South African stage actor Vosloo understood the approach that Sommers was going for in his screenplay, but only agreed to take on the role of Imhotep "if I could do it absolutely straight. From Imhotep's point of view, this is a skewed version of 'Romeo and Juliet'."[5][10]
John Hannah as Jonathan Carnahan
Evelyn's bumbling older brother, whose primary goal is to get rich; he signs on for the trip to Hamunaptra after learning from Evelyn that the city is supposed to be where the ancient pharaohs hid "the wealth of Egypt." Jonathan is also a thief; he steals the key needed to open the Book of Amun-Ra from Rick and manages to pickpocket the same key from Imhotep during the film's climactic battle.
Kevin J. O'Connor as Beni Gabor
A former soldier in the French Foreign Legion, like Rick. Beni is obsessed with wealth, but also extremely cowardly; he betrays his employers when faced with Imhotep's wrath, who takes him as his servant when Beni prays in what Imhotep recognizes as the "language of the slaves".
Jonathan Hyde as Dr. Allen Chamberlain
An eminent British Egyptologist guiding the American expedition.
Oded Fehr as Ardeth Bay
A Medjai and protector of the city.
Erick Avari as Dr. Terrence Bey
The curator of the museum as well as a Medjai.
Patricia Velásquez as Anck-Su-Namun
A secret lover of Imhotep and the mistress of Pharaoh Seti I. No other man was ever allowed to touch her.
Bernard Fox as Captain Winston Havlock
An ally of Rick as well as the professional pilot and within his service in the Royal Flying Corps during the first World War.
Omid Djalili as Warden Gad Hassan
A prison warden in Cairo Prison who releases Rick from prison after being offered a cut of any treasure Evelyn and Jonathan find at the city of the dead, and accompanies them on the expedition to protect his investment.
Stephen Dunham, Corey Johnson, and Tuc Watkins as Isaac Henderson, David Daniels and Bernard Burns
The three American treasure hunters respectively.

text: Production[edit]

text: Origins[edit]

text: In 1992, producers James Jacks and Sean Daniel decided to update the original Mummy film for the 1990s.[11] Universal Studios gave them the go-ahead, but only if they kept the budget around $10 million.[5] Jacks remembers that the studio "essentially wanted a low-budget horror franchise";[5] in response, Jacks and Daniel recruited horror filmmaker/writer Clive Barker on board to direct. Barker's vision for the film was violent, with the story revolving around the head of a contemporary art museum who turns out to be a cultist trying to reanimate mummies.[11][12] Jacks recalls that Barker's take was "dark, sexual and filled with mysticism",[5] and that, "it would have been a great low-budget movie".[12] After several meetings, Barker and Universal lost interest and parted company.

text: Joe Dante was the next choice, increasing the budget for his idea of Daniel Day-Lewis as a brooding Mummy.[5] This version (a draft was written by Alan Ormsby, but it was later re-written by John Sayles) was set in contemporary times and focused on reincarnation with elements of a love story.[12] It came close to being made with some elements, like the flesh-eating scarabs, making it to the final product.[11] However, at that point, the studio wanted a film with a budget of $15 million and rejected Dante's version.

text: Filmmaker George A. Romero was brought in with a vision of a zombie-style horror movie similar to Night of the Living Dead, but which also relied heavily upon elements of tragic romance and ambivalence of identity. Romero completed a draft in October 1994, co-written with Ormsby and Sayles, that revolved around female archaeologist Helen Grover and her discovery in Abydos of the tomb of Imhotep, an Egyptian general who lived in the time of Ramesses II.[5] Unfolding in a nameless American city in modern times, events are set into motion when Imhotep inadvertently awakens as a result of his preserved cadaver having been exposed to rays from an MRI scan in a high-tech forensic archaeology lab. The script then progresses to a fish-out-of-water story when Imhotep, having regained his youthful appearance, recognizes the need to adapt to a contemporary society that is three thousand years removed from the one he came from. Assuming at first that he is a representative from the Bureau of Antiquities, Helen finds herself drawn into a tentative relationship with Imhotep while also experiencing clairvoyant flashbacks to a previous life in Nineteenth Dynasty Egypt as a priestess of Isis. Summoning mystical powers through incantation, Imhotep later resurrects the mummy of Karis, a loyal slave whose body had been resting alongside his master's in the same tomb but is now held in the local museum. After escaping into the city sewer system, Karis embarks on a vengeful rampage against the various criminal fences and high society antiquarians who had acquired stolen relics from his tomb. Romero's script was considered too dark and violent by Jacks and the studio, who wanted a more accessible picture. Compounding the issue was the fact that Romero was unable to extricate from a contract for a different film project he had in negotiation at the time with MGM, and so his involvement with the film was severed and the development of an entirely new script was commissioned to other writers.[5]

text: Soon after, Mick Garris was attached to direct but eventually left the project,[13] and Wes Craven was offered the film but turned it down.[12] Then, Stephen Sommers called Jacks and Daniel in 1997 with his vision of The Mummy "as a kind of Indiana Jones or Jason and the Argonauts with the mummy as the creature giving the hero a hard time".[5] Sommers had seen the original film when he was eight, and wanted to recreate the things he liked about it on a bigger scale.[14] He had wanted to make a Mummy film since 1993, but other writers or directors were always attached. Finally, Sommers received his window of opportunity and pitched his idea to Universal with an 18-page treatment.[11] At the time, Universal's management had changed in response to the box office failure of Babe: Pig in the City, and the loss led the studio to want to revisit its successful franchises from the 1930s.[15] Universal liked this idea so much that they approved the concept and increased the budget from $15 million to $80 million.[16]

text: Principal photography[edit]

text: Filming began in Marrakech, Morocco on May 4, 1998 and lasted 17 weeks. Photography then moved to the Sahara desert outside the small town of Erfoud, and then to the United Kingdom before completion of shooting on August 29, 1998.[17] The crew could not shoot in Egypt because of the unstable political conditions.[18] To avoid dehydration in the scorching heat of the Sahara, the production's medical team created a drink that the cast and crew had to consume every two hours.[7] Sandstorms were daily inconveniences. Snakes, spiders and scorpions were a major problem, with many crew members having to be airlifted out after being bitten.[18]

text: Brendan Fraser nearly died during a scene where his character is hanged. Weisz remembered, "He [Fraser] stopped breathing and had to be resuscitated."[9] The production had the official support of the Moroccan army, and the cast members had kidnapping insurance taken out on them,[12] a fact Sommers disclosed to the cast only after shooting had finished.[6]

text: Production Designer Allan Cameron found a dormant volcano near Erfoud where the entire set for Hamunaptra could be constructed. Sommers liked the location because, "A city hidden in the crater of an extinct volcano made perfect sense. Out in the middle of the desert you would never see it. You would never think of entering the crater unless you knew what was inside that volcano."[17] A survey of the volcano was conducted so that an accurate model and scale models of the columns and statues could be replicated back at Shepperton Studios, where all of the scenes involving the underground passageways of the City of the Dead were shot. These sets took 16 weeks to build, and included fiberglass columns rigged with special effects for the movie's final scenes.[17] Another large set was constructed in the United Kingdom on the dockyard at Chatham which doubled for the Giza Port on the River Nile.[19] This set was 600 feet (183 m) in length and featured "a steam train, an Ajax traction engine, three cranes, an open two-horse carriage, four horse-drawn carts, five dressing horses and grooms, nine pack donkeys and mules, as well as market stalls, Arab-clad vendors and room for 300 costumed extras".[17]

text: Special effects[edit]

text: The filmmakers reportedly spent $15 million of the $80 million budget on special effects, provided by Industrial Light & Magic;[20][21] the producers wanted a new look for the Mummy so that they would avoid comparisons to past movies.[20] John Andrew Berton, Jr., Industrial Light & Magic's Visual Effects Supervisor on The Mummy, started developing the look three months before filming started. He said that he wanted the Mummy "to be mean, tough, nasty, something that had never been seen by audiences before". Berton used motion capture in order to achieve "a menacing and very realistic Mummy".[17] Specific photography was conducted on actor Arnold Vosloo so that the special effects crew could see exactly how he moved and replicate it.[20]

text: To create the Mummy, Berton used a combination of live action and computer graphics. Then, he matched the digital prosthetic make-up pieces on Vosloo's face during filming. Berton said, "When you see his film image, that's him. When he turns his head and half of his face is missing and you can see right through on to his teeth, that's really his face. And that's why it was so hard to do."[17] Vosloo described the filming as a "whole new thing" for him; "They had to put these little red tracking lights all over my face so they could map in the special effects. A lot of the time I was walking around the set looking like a Christmas tree."[6] Make-Up Effects Supervisor Nick Dudman produced the physical creature effects in the film, including three-dimensional make-up and prosthetics. He also designed all of the animatronic effects. While the film made extensive use of computer generated imagery, many scenes, including ones where Rachel Weisz's character is covered with rats and locusts, were real, using live animals.[18]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The Mummy: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Jerry Goldsmith

Released
May 4, 1999

Length
57:46

Label
Decca Records

Producer
Jerry Goldsmith

Jerry Goldsmith chronology

Star Trek: Insurrection
(1998)Star Trek: Insurrection1998
The Mummy
(1999)
The 13th Warrior
(1999)The 13th Warrior1999

The Mummy soundtrack chronology

The Mummy
(1999) The Mummy1999
The Mummy Returns
(2001) The Mummy Returns2001

text:
Professional ratings

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic

Filmtracks

Tracksounds

text: The Mummy: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was composed and conducted by Jerry Goldsmith, with orchestrations provided by Alexander Courage.[22] The soundtrack was released by Decca Records on May 4, 1999. Like many Goldsmith scores, the main theme uses extensive brass and percussion elements;[23] Goldsmith also used sparing amounts of vocals, highly unusual for most of his work.[23]

text: Overall, Goldsmith's score was well received. AllMusic described it as a "grand, melodramatic score" which delivered the expected highlights.[22] Other reviews positively noted the dark, percussive sound meshed well with the plot, as well as the raw power of the music. The limited but masterful use of the chorus was also lauded, and most critics found the final track on the CD to be the best overall.[23][24] On the other hand, some critics found the score lacked cohesion,[25] and that the constant heavy action lent itself to annoying repetition.[23] Roderick Scott off CineMusic.net summed up the score as "representative of both Goldsmith's absolute best and his most mediocre. Thankfully [...] his favourable work on this release wins out."[24]

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Imhotep"
4:20

2.
"The Sarcophagus"
2:17

3.
"Tuareg Attack"
2:23

4.
"Giza Port"
2:01

5.
"Night Boarders"
4:08

6.
"The Caravan"
2:52

7.
"Camel Race"
3:26

8.
"The Crypt"
2:26

9.
"Mumia Attack"
2:19

10.
"Discoveries"
3:41

11.
"My Favorite Plague"
3:59

12.
"Crowd Control"
3:12

13.
"Rebirth"
8:33

14.
"The Mummy"
6:19

15.
"The Sand Volcano"
5:41

Total length:
57:46

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The Mummy opened on May 7, 1999, and grossed $43 million in 3,210 theaters in the United States on its opening weekend. The film went on to gross $415 million worldwide (Domestic: $155 million; Foreign: $260 million).[26]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The Mummy received mixed reviews from critics.[27] On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds a 57% rating, based on 86 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "It's difficult to make a persuasive argument for The Mummy as any kind of meaningful cinematic achievement, but it's undeniably fun to watch."[28] On Metacritic the film has a score of 48 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[29] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[30]

text: Roger Ebert, of the Chicago Sun-Times, gave the film 3 out of 4 stars, writing "There is hardly a thing I can say in its favor, except that I was cheered by nearly every minute of it. I cannot argue for the script, the direction, the acting or even the mummy, but I can say that I was not bored and sometimes I was unreasonably pleased."[31] Likewise, Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a "B−" grade and said, "The Mummy would like to make you shudder, but it tries to do so without ever letting go of its jocular inconsequentiality."[32] Bob Graham of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film high marks for the acting as well as the special effects.[33]

text: Stephen Holden from The New York Times wrote, "This version of The Mummy has no pretenses to be anything other than a gaudy comic video game splashed onto the screen. Think Raiders of the Lost Ark with cartoon characters, no coherent story line and lavish but cheesy special effects. Think Night of the Living Dead stripped of genuine horror and restaged as an Egyptian-theme Halloween pageant. Think Abbott and Costello Meet the Mummy grafted onto a Bing Crosby-Bob Hope road picture (The Road to Hamunaptra?) and pumped up into an epic-size genre spoof."[34] Publications like The Austin Chronicle and Dallas Observer came to the conclusion that despite good acting and special effects, the movie lacked cohesion;[35][36] talking about the special effects, the Observer lamented "If only generating a soul for the film itself were so easy."[35] Other publications such as Jump Cut felt that Industrial Light and Magic's lock on special effects proved detrimental to The Mummy; "The mummy", Ernest Larson wrote for the Jump Cut, "is standard-issue I.L.&M.".[37] Kim Newman of the British Film Institute judged the picture inferior to the original, as all the time was spent on special effects, instead of creating the atmosphere which made the original film such a classic.[38] USA Today gave the film two out of four stars and felt that it was "not free of stereotypes",[39] a sentiment with which the BFI concurred.[38] "If someone complains of a foul odor, you can be sure an Arab stooge is about to enter a scene. Fraser, equally quick with weapon, fist or quip, may save the day, but even he can't save the picture", USA Today wrote.[39]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Subject
Nominee
Result

Academy Awards
Best Sound Mixing
Leslie Shatz, Chris Carpenter, Rick Kline and Chris Munro
Nominated

MTV Movie Awards
Best Action Sequence

Nominated

BMI Film Awards
Best Music
Jerry Goldsmith
Won

Saturn Awards
Nominated

Best Fantasy Film

Nominated

Best Director
Stephen Sommers
Nominated

Best Writer
Nominated

Best Actor
Brendan Fraser
Nominated

Best Actress
Rachel Weisz
Nominated

Best Costumes
John Bloomfield
Nominated

Best Makeup
Nick Dudman and Aileen Seaton
Won

Best Special Effects
John Andrew Berton, Jr., Daniel Jeannette, Ben Snow and Chris Corbould
Nominated

BAFTA Awards
Best Visual Effects
Nominated

Satellite Awards
Nominated

Sierra Awards
Nominated

Blockbuster Entertainment Awards
Favorite Actor – Action
Brendan Fraser
Nominated

Favorite Actress – Action
Rachel Weisz
Nominated

Favorite Supporting Actor – Action
John Hannah
Nominated

Favorite Villain
Arnold Vosloo
Nominated

Golden Reel Awards
Best Sound Editing – Effects & Foley
Leslie Shatz, Jonathan Klein, Richard Burton, Thom Brennan and Mark Pappas
Nominated

text: Adaptations[edit]

text: The Mummy's box office performance led to numerous sequels and spinoffs. In 2001, the sequel The Mummy Returns was released; the film features most of the surviving principal characters, as a married Rick and Evelyn confront Imhotep and the Scorpion King.[40] The film also introduced the heroes' son, Alex.[40] The two films inspired both an animated series which lasted two seasons, and a spin-off prequel, The Scorpion King (2002), telling the story of the Akkadian warrior as he was crowned king.

text: A second sequel, called The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor, was released on August 1, 2008. The story takes place in China with the Terracotta Emperor inspiring the villain, while Rachel Weisz was replaced with Maria Bello.[41][42]

text: Two video game adaptations of The Mummy were published by Konami and Universal Interactive in 2000: an Action Adventure for the PlayStation and PC developed by Rebellion Developments,[43] as well as a Game Boy Color puzzle game developed by Konami Nagoya.[44] The film also inspired a roller coaster, Revenge of the Mummy in three Universal Studios Theme Parks: Hollywood, California; Orlando, Florida; and Sentosa, Singapore.

text: Reboot[edit]

text: On April 4, 2012, Universal announced their plans to reboot the franchise.[45] The film is intended to be the first installment in the Dark Universe, simply titled The Mummy, and was released in June 2017.[46]


document_title: United States House Committee on Ways and Means

question_text: what are the six subcommittees of the house ways and means committee

text: History[edit]

text: The idea of a ways and means committee to handle the financial matters of a legislature is an old one, having been used in the British Parliament and the colonial and early state legislatures in America.[citation needed]

text: The Committee was first established during the first Congress, in 1789. However, this initial version was disbanded after only 8 weeks; for the next several years, only ad hoc committees were formed, to write up laws on notions already debated in the whole House. It was first established as a standing committee by resolution adopted December 21, 1795,[1] and first appeared among the list of regular standing committees on January 7, 1802.[2] Upon its original creation, it held power over both taxes and spending, until the spending power was given to the new Appropriations Committee in 1865.[citation needed]

text: During the Civil War the key policy-maker in Congress was Thaddeus Stevens, as chairman of the Committee and Republican floor leader. He took charge of major legislation that funded the war effort and permanently transformed the nation's economic policies regarding tariffs, bonds, income and excise taxes, national banks, suppression of money issued by state banks, greenback currency, and western railroad land grants.[3] Stevens was one of the major policymakers regarding Reconstruction, and obtained a House vote of impeachment against President Andrew Johnson (who was acquitted by the Senate in 1868). Hans Trefousse, his leading biographer, concludes that Stevens "was one of the most influential representatives ever to serve in Congress. [He dominated] the House with his wit, knowledge of parliamentary law, and sheer willpower, even though he was often unable to prevail."[4] Historiographical views of Stevens have dramatically shifted over the years, from the early 20th-century view of Stevens and the Radical Republicans as tools of big business and motivated by hatred of the white South, to the perspective of the neoabolitionists of the 1950s and afterwards, who applauded their efforts to give equal rights to the freed slaves.[citation needed]

text: Three future presidents - James Polk, Millard Fillmore, and William McKinley - served as Committee Chairman. Before the official roles of floor leader came about in the late 19th century, the Chairman of Ways and Means was considered the Majority Leader. The Chairman is one of very few Representatives to have office space within the Capitol building itself.[citation needed]

text: Political significance[edit]

text: Because of its wide jurisdiction, Ways and Means has always been one of the most important committees with respect to impact on policy. Although it lacks the prospects for re-election help that comes with the Appropriations Committee, it is seen as a valuable post for two reasons. First, since its range is so broad, members with a wide array of policy concerns often seek positions, simply to be able to influence policy decisions. Some recent major issues that have gone through this committee include welfare reform, a Medicare prescription drug benefit, Social Security reform, George W. Bush's tax cuts, and trade agreements including the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and the Central America Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA). Second, given the wide array of interests that are affected by the committee, a seat makes it very easy to collect campaign contributions.[5]

text: Until 1974, the Ways and Means Committee decided which chairmanships newly elected members of Congress would have, along with its regular financial duties.[6] When Ways and Means chair Wilbur Mills' career ended in scandal, Congressman Phillip Burton transferred the committee's selection powers to a separate, newly created committee.[6]

text: Members, 115th Congress[edit]

text:
Majority
Minority

Republican
Democratic

Kevin Brady, Texas's 8th, Chair
Sam Johnson, Texas's 3rd
Devin Nunes, California's 22nd
Dave Reichert, Washington's 8th
Peter Roskam, Illinois's 6th
Vern Buchanan, Florida's 16th
Adrian Smith, Nebraska's 3rd
Lynn Jenkins, Kansas's 2nd
Erik Paulsen, Minnesota's 3rd
Kenny Marchant, Texas's 24th
Diane Black, Tennessee's 6th
Tom Reed, New York's 23rd
Mike Kelly, Pennsylvania's 3rd
Jim Renacci, Ohio's 16th
Pat Meehan, Pennsylvania's 7th
Kristi Noem, South Dakota's at-large
George Holding, North Carolina's 2nd
Jason T. Smith, Missouri's 8th
Tom Rice, South Carolina's 7th
David Schweikert, Arizona's 6th
Jackie Walorski, Indiana's 2nd
Carlos Curbelo, Florida's 26th
Mike Bishop, Michigan's 8th
Darin LaHood, Illinois's 18th

Richard Neal, Massachusetts's 1st, Ranking Member
Sander Levin, Michigan's 9th, Former Chair
John Lewis, Georgia's 5th
Lloyd Doggett, Texas's 35th
Mike Thompson, California's 5th
John B. Larson, Connecticut's 1st
Earl Blumenauer, Oregon's 3rd
Ron Kind, Wisconsin's 3rd
Bill Pascrell, New Jersey's 9th
Joseph Crowley, New York's 14th
Danny K. Davis, Illinois's 7th
Linda Sánchez, California's 38th
Brian Higgins, New York's 26th, Vice Ranking Member
Terri Sewell, Alabama's 7th
Suzan DelBene, Washington's 1st
Judy Chu, California's 27th

text: Resolutions electing members: H.Res. 6 (Chair); H.Res. 7 (Ranking Member); H.Res. 29, H.Res. 131, (Republicans); H.Res. 45, H.Res. 95 (Democrats).

text: Subcommittees, 115th Congress[edit]

text: There are six subcommittees in the 115th Congress. In 2011, the Subcommittee on Income Security and Family Support was renamed the Subcommittee on Human Resources, returning to the name it held prior to the 110th Congress.[7] In 2015, the Select Revenue Measures was renamed the Subcommittee on Tax Policy.[8]

text:
Subcommittee
Chair
Ranking Member

Health
Pat Tiberi (R-OH)
Sander Levin (D-MI)

Human Resources
Adrian Smith (R-NE)
Danny K. Davis (D-IL)

Oversight
Vern Buchanan (R-FL)
John Lewis (D-GA)

Tax Policy
Peter Roskam (R-IL)
Lloyd Doggett (D-TX)

Social Security
Sam Johnson (R-TX)
John B. Larson (D-CT)

Trade
Dave Reichert (R-WA)
Bill Pascrell (D-NJ)

text: Chairman[edit]

text:
#
Chair
Party
State
Start of Service
End of Service

1
Thomas Fitzsimons
Federalist
PA
1789
1789

2
William L. Smith
Federalist
SC
1794
1797

3
Robert G. Harper
Federalist
SC
1797
1800

4
Roger Griswold
Federalist
CT
1800
1801

5
John Randolph
Democratic-Republican
VA
1801
1805

6
Joseph Clay
Democratic-Republican
PA
1805
1807

7
George W. Cambpell
Democratic-Republican
TN
1807
1809

8
John W. Eppes
Democratic-Republican
VA
1809
1811

9
Ezekiel Bacon
Democratic-Republican
SC
1811
1812

10
Langdon Cheves
Democratic-Republican
SC
1812
1813

11
John W. Eppes
Democratic-Republican
VA
1813
1815

12
William Lowndes
Democratic-Republican
SC
1815
1818

13
Samuel Smith
Democratic-Republican
MD
1818
1822

14
Louis McLane
Democratic-Republican
DE
1822
1827

15
John Randolph
Democratic
VA
1827
1827

16
George McDuffie
Democratic
SC
1827
1832

17
Gulian C. Verplanck
Democratic
NY
1832
1833

18
James K. Polk
Democratic
TN
1833
1835

19
Churchill C. Cambreleng
Democratic
NY
1835
1839

20
John W. Jones
Democratic
VA
1839
1841

21
Millard Fillmore
Whig
NY
1841
1843

22
James I. McKay
Democratic
NC
1843
1847

23
Samuel F. Vinton
Whig
OH
1847
1849

24
Thomas H. Bayly
Democratic
VA
1849
1851

25
George S. Houston
Democratic
AL
1851
1855

26
Lewis D. Campbell
Republican
OH
1856
1857

27
J. Glancy Jones
Democratic
PA
1857
1858

28
John S. Phelps
Democratic
MO
1858
1859

29
John Sherman
Republican
OH
1860
1861

30
Thaddeus Stevens
Republican
PA
1861
1865

31
Justin Morrill
Republican
VT
1865
1867

32
Robert C. Schenck
Republican
OH
1867
1871

33
Samuel Hooper
Republican
MA
1871
1871

34
Henry L. Dawes
Republican
MA
1871
1875

35
William R. Morrison
Democratic
IL
1875
1877

36
Fernando Wood
Democratic
NY
1877
1881

37
John R. Tucker
Democratic
VA
1881
1881

38
William D. Kelley
Republican
PA
1881
1883

39
William R. Morrison
Democratic
IL
1883
1887

40
Roger Q. Mills
Democratic
TX
1887
1889

41
William McKinley
Republican
OH
1889
1891

42
William M. Springer
Democratic
IL
1891
1893

43
William L. Wilson
Democratic
WV
1893
1895

44
Nelson Dingley, Jr.
Republican
ME
1895
1899

45
Sereno E. Payne
Republican
NY
1899
1911

46
Oscar W. Underwood
Democratic
AL
1911
1915

47
Claude Kitchin
Democratic
NC
1915
1919

48
Joseph Fordney
Republican
MI
1919
1923

49
William R. Green
Republican
IA
1923
1928

50
Willis C. Hawley
Republican
OR
1928
1931

51
James W. Collier
Democratic
MS
1931
1933

52
Robert L. Doughton
Democratic
NC
1933
1947

53
Harold Knutson
Republican
MN
1947
1949

54
Robert L. Doughton
Democratic
NC
1949
1953

55
Daniel A. Reed
Republican
NY
1953
1955

56
Jere Cooper
Democratic
TN
1955
1957

57
Wilbur Mills
Democratic
AR
1957
1975

Al Ullman (acting)
Democratic
OR
1973
1975

58
Al Ullman
Democratic
OR
1975
1981

59
Dan Rostenkowski
Democratic
IL
1981
1994

Sam Gibbons (acting)
Democratic
FL
1994
1995

60
Bill Archer
Republican
TX
1995
2001

61
Bill Thomas
Republican
CA
2001
2007

62
Charles Rangel
Democratic
NY
2007
2010

Pete Stark (acting)
Democratic
CA
2010
2010

63
Sander Levin (acting)
Democratic
MI
2010
2011

64
Dave Camp
Republican
MI
2011
2015

65
Paul Ryan
Republican
WI
2015
2015

66
Kevin Brady
Republican
TX
2015
Present