document_title: Fiddler on the Roof

question_text: who did bette midler play in fiddler on the roof

text: Fiddler on the Roof

text: Background[edit]

text: Fiddler on the Roof is based on Tevye and his Daughters (or Tevye the Dairyman), a series of stories by Sholem Aleichem that he wrote in Yiddish between 1894 and 1914 about Jewish life in a village in the Pale of Settlement of Imperial Russia at the turn of the 20th century. It is also influenced by Life Is with People, by Mark Zborowski and Elizabeth Herzog.[2] Aleichem wrote a dramatic adaptation of the stories that he left unfinished at his death, but which was produced in Yiddish in 1919 by the Yiddish Art Theater and made into a film in the 1930s. In the late 1950s, a musical based on the stories, called Tevye and his Daughters, was produced Off-Broadway by Arnold Perl.[3] Rodgers and Hammerstein and then Mike Todd briefly considered bringing this musical to Broadway but dropped the idea.[4]

text: Investors and some in the media worried that Fiddler on the Roof might be considered "too Jewish" to attract mainstream audiences. Other critics considered that it was too culturally sanitized, "middlebrow" and superficial; Philip Roth, writing in The New Yorker, called it shtetl kitsch. For example, it portrays the local Russian officer as sympathetic, instead of brutal and cruel, as Sholom Aleichem had described him. Aleichem's stories ended with Tevye alone, his wife dead and his daughters scattered; at the end of Fiddler, the family members are alive, and most are emigrating together to America.[3][4] The show found the right balance for its time, even if not entirely authentic, to become "one of the first popular post-Holocaust depictions of the vanished world of Eastern European Jewry".[3] Harold Prince replaced the original producer Fred Coe and brought in director/choreographer Jerome Robbins.[5] The writers and Robbins considered naming the musical Tevye, before landing on a title suggested by various paintings by Marc Chagall that also inspired the original set design. Contrary to popular belief, the "title of the musical does not refer to any specific painting".[6] During rehearsals, one of the stars, Jewish actor Zero Mostel, feuded with Robbins, whom he held in contempt because Robbins had testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee and hid his Jewish heritage from the public. Other cast members also had run-ins with Robbins, who reportedly "abused the cast, drove the designers crazy [and] strained the good nature of Hal Prince".[4]

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Act I[edit]

text: Tevye, a poor Jewish milkman with five daughters, explains the customs of the Jews in the Russian shtetl of Anatevka in 1905, where their lives are as precarious as the perch of a fiddler on a roof ("Tradition"). At Tevye's home, everyone is busy preparing for the Sabbath meal. His sharp-tongued wife, Golde, orders their daughters, Tzeitel, Hodel, Chava, Shprintze and Bielke, about their tasks. Yente, the village matchmaker, arrives to tell Golde that Lazar Wolf, the wealthy butcher, a widower older than Tevye, wants to wed Tzeitel, the eldest daughter. The next two daughters, Hodel and Chava, are excited about Yente's visit, but Tzeitel is unenthusiastic ("Matchmaker, Matchmaker"). A girl from a poor family must take whatever husband Yente brings, but Tzeitel wants to marry her childhood friend, Motel the tailor.

text: Tevye is delivering milk, pulling the cart himself, as his horse is lame. He asks God: Whom would it hurt "If I Were a Rich Man"? Avram, the bookseller, has news from the outside world about pogroms and expulsions. A stranger, Perchik, hears their conversation and scolds them for doing nothing more than talk. The men dismiss Perchik as a radical, but Tevye invites him home for the Sabbath meal and offers him food and a room in exchange for tutoring his two youngest daughters. Golde tells Tevye to meet Lazar after the Sabbath but does not tell him why, knowing that Tevye does not like Lazar. Tzeitel is afraid that Yente will find her a husband before Motel asks Tevye for her hand. But Motel resists: he is afraid of Tevye's temper, and tradition says that a matchmaker arranges marriages. Motel is also very poor and is saving up to buy a sewing machine before he approaches Tevye, to show that he can support a wife. The family gathers for the "Sabbath Prayer."

text: After the Sabbath, Tevye meets Lazar at Mordcha's inn, assuming mistakenly that Lazar wants to buy his cow. Once the misunderstanding is cleared up, Tevye agrees to let Lazar marry Tzeitel – with a rich butcher, his daughter will never want for anything. All join in the celebration of Lazar's good fortune; even the Russian youths at the inn join in the celebration and show off their dancing skills ("To Life"). Outside the inn, Tevye happens upon the Russian Constable, who has jurisdiction over the Jews in the town. The Constable warns him that there is going to be a "little unofficial demonstration" in the coming weeks (a euphemism for a minor pogrom). The Constable has sympathy for the Jewish community but is powerless to prevent the violence.

text: The next morning, after Perchik's lessons with her young sisters, Tevye's second daughter Hodel mocks Perchik's Marxist interpretation of a Bible story. He, in turn, criticizes her for hanging on to the old traditions of Judaism, noting that the world is changing. To illustrate this, he dances with her, defying the prohibition against opposite sexes dancing together. The two begin to fall in love. Later, a hungover Tevye announces that he has agreed that Tzeitel will marry Lazar Wolf. Golde is overjoyed, but Tzeitel is devastated and begs Tevye not to force her. Motel arrives and tells Tevye that he is the perfect match for Tzeitel and that he and Tzeitel gave each other a pledge to marry. He promises that Tzeitel will not starve as his wife. Tevye is stunned and outraged at this breach of tradition, but impressed at the timid tailor's display of backbone. After some soul-searching ("Tevye's Monologue"), Tevye agrees to let them marry, but he worries about how to break the news to Golde. An overjoyed Motel celebrates with Tzeitel ("Miracle of Miracles").

text: In bed with Golde, Tevye pretends to be waking from a nightmare. Golde offers to interpret his dream, and Tevye "describes" it ("Tevye's Dream"). Golde's grandmother Tzeitel returns from the grave to bless the marriage of her namesake, but to Motel, not to Lazar Wolf. Lazar's formidable late wife, Fruma-Sarah, rises from her grave to warn, in graphic terms, of severe retribution if Tzeitel marries Lazar. The superstitious Golde is terrified, and she quickly counsels that Tzeitel must marry Motel. While returning from town, Tevye's third daughter, the bookish Chava, is teased and intimidated by some gentile youths. One, Fyedka, protects her, dismissing the others. He offers Chava the loan of a book, and a secret relationship begins.

text: The wedding day of Tzeitel and Motel arrives, and all the Jews join the ceremony ("Sunrise, Sunset") and the celebration ("The Wedding Dance"). Lazar gives a fine gift, but an argument arises with Tevye over the broken agreement. Perchik ends the tiff by breaking another tradition: he crosses the barrier between the men and women to dance with Tevye's daughter Hodel. The celebration ends abruptly when a group of Russians rides into the village to perform the "demonstration". They disrupt the party, damaging the wedding gifts and wounding Perchik, who attempts to fight back, and wreak more destruction in the village. Tevye instructs his family to clean up the mess.

text: Act II[edit]

text: Months later, Perchik tells Hodel he must return to Kiev to work for the revolution. He proposes marriage, admitting that he loves her, and says that he will send for her. She agrees ("Now I Have Everything"). They tell Tevye that they are engaged, and he is appalled that they are flouting tradition by making their own match, especially as Perchik is leaving. When he forbids the marriage, Perchik and Hodel inform him that they do not seek his permission, only his blessing. After more soul searching, Tevye relents – the world is changing, and he must change with it ("Tevye's Rebuttal"). He informs the young couple that he gives them his blessing and his permission.

text: Tevye explains these events to an astonished Golde. "Love," he says, "it's the new style." Tevye asks Golde, despite their own arranged marriage, "Do You Love Me?" After dismissing Tevye's question as foolish, she eventually admits that, after 25 years of living and struggling together and raising five daughters, she does. Meanwhile, Yente tells Tzeitel that she saw Chava with Fyedka. News spreads quickly in Anatevka that Perchik has been arrested and exiled to Siberia ("The Rumor/I Just Heard"), and Hodel is determined to join him there. At the railway station, she explains to her father that her home is with her beloved, wherever he may be, although she will always love her family ("Far From the Home I Love").

text: Time passes. Motel has purchased a used sewing machine, and he and Tzeitel have had a baby. Chava finally gathers the courage to ask Tevye to allow her marriage to Fyedka. Again Tevye reaches deep into his soul, but marriage outside the Jewish faith is a line he will not cross. He forbids Chava to speak to Fyedka again. When Golde brings news that Chava has eloped with Fyedka, Tevye wonders where he went wrong ("Chavaleh Sequence"). Chava returns and tries to reason with him, but he refuses to speak to her and tells the rest of the family to consider her dead. Meanwhile, rumors are spreading of the Russians expelling Jews from their villages. While the villagers are gathered, the Constable arrives to tell everyone that they have three days to pack up and leave the town. In shock, they reminisce about "Anatevka" and how hard it will be to leave what has been their home for so long.

text: As the Jews leave Anatevka, Chava and Fyedka stop to tell her family that they are also leaving for Kraków, unwilling to remain among the people who could do such things to others. Tevye still will not talk to her, but when Tzeitel says goodbye to Chava, Tevye prompts her to add "God be with you." Motel and Tzeitel go to Poland as well but will join the rest of the family when they have saved up enough money. As Tevye, Golde and their two youngest daughters leave the village for America, the fiddler begins to play. Tevye beckons with a nod, and the fiddler follows them out of the village.

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act I

"Prologue: Tradition" – Tevye and the Company
"Matchmaker, Matchmaker" – Tzeitel, Hodel and Chava
"If I Were a Rich Man" – Tevye
"Sabbath Prayer" – Tevye, Golde and the Company
"To Life" – Tevye, Lazar Wolf and the Company
"Tevye's Monologue" – Tevye
"Miracle of Miracles" – Motel
"Tevye's Dream" – Tevye, Golde, Grandma Tzeitel, Fruma-Sarah
and the Company
"Sunrise, Sunset" – Tevye, Golde, Perchik, Hodel and the Company
"The Bottle Dance" – Instrumental

Act II

"Entr'acte" – Orchestra
"Now I Have Everything" – Perchik and Hodel
"Tevye's Rebuttal" – Tevye
"Do You Love Me?" – Tevye and Golde
"The Rumor/I Just Heard" – Yente and villagers§
"Far From the Home I Love" – Hodel
"Chavaleh (Little Bird)" – Tevye
"Anatevka" – The Company

text: § The 2004 revival featured a song for Yente and some women of the village (Rivka and Mirala) titled "Topsy Turvy", discussing the disappearing role of the matchmaker in society. The number replaced "The Rumor/I Just Heard".

text: Principal characters[edit]

text: All of the characters are Jewish, except as noted:

text:
Tevye, a poor milkman with five daughters. A firm supporter of the traditions of his faith, he finds many of his convictions tested by the actions of his three oldest daughters.
Golde, Tevye's sharp-tongued wife.
Tzeitel, their oldest daughter, about nineteen. She loves her childhood friend Motel and marries him, even though he's poor, begging her father not to force her to marry Lazar Wolf.
Hodel, their daughter, about seventeen. Intelligent and spirited, she falls in love with Perchik and later joins him in Siberia.
Chava, their daughter, about fifteen. A shy book lover, who falls in love with Fyedka.
Shprintze, their daughter, about twelve.
Bielke, their youngest daughter, about nine.
Motel Kamzoil, a poor but hardworking tailor who loves, and later marries, Tzeitel.
Perchik, a scholar and Bolshevik revolutionary who comes to Anatevka and falls in love with Hodel. He leaves for Kiev and is exiled to Siberia.
Fyedka, a young Christian man. He shares Chava's passion for reading and is outraged by the Russians' treatment of the Jews.
Lazar Wolf, the wealthy village butcher. Widower of Fruma-Sarah. Attempts to arrange a marriage for himself to Tzeitel.
Yente, the gossipy village matchmaker who matches Tzeitel and Lazar.
Fruma-Sarah, Lazar Wolf's dead wife, who rises from the grave in Tevye's "nightmare".
Grandma Tzeitel, Golde's dead grandmother, also featured in the "nightmare".
Mordcha, the innkeeper.
Rabbi, the wise village rabbi.
Constable, a Christian man; the head of the local Russian police.

text: Productions[edit]

text: Original productions[edit]

text: Following its tryout at Detroit's Fisher Theatre in July and August 1964,[7] then Washington in August to September,[8] the original Broadway production opened on September 22, 1964, at the Imperial Theatre, transferred in 1967 to the Majestic Theatre and in 1970 to The Broadway Theatre, and ran for a record-setting total of 3,242 performances.[9] The production was directed and choreographed by Robbins – his last original Broadway staging.[10] The set, designed in the style of Marc Chagall's paintings, was by Boris Aronson.[11] A colorful logo for the production, also inspired by Chagall's work, was designed by Tom Morrow. Chagall reportedly did not like the musical.[4]

text: The cast included Zero Mostel as Tevye the milkman, Maria Karnilova as his wife Golde (each of whom won a Tony for their performances), Beatrice Arthur as Yente the matchmaker, Austin Pendleton as Motel, Bert Convy as Perchik the student revolutionary, Gino Conforti as the fiddler, and Julia Migenes as Hodel. Mostel ad-libbed increasingly as the run went on, "which drove the authors up the wall."[9] Joanna Merlin originated the role of Tzeitel, which was later assumed by Bette Midler during the original run. Carol Sawyer was Fruma Sarah, Adrienne Barbeau took a turn as Hodel, and Pia Zadora played the youngest daughter, Bielke. Both Peg Murray and Dolores Wilson made extended appearances as Golde, while other stage actors who have played Tevye include Herschel Bernardi, Theodore Bikel and Harry Goz (in the original Broadway run), and Leonard Nimoy. Mostel's understudy in the original production, Paul Lipson, went on to appear as Tevye in more performances than any other actor (until Chaim Topol), clocking over 2,000 performances in the role in the original run and several revivals.[12] Florence Stanley took over the role of Yente nine months into the run.[13] The production earned $1,574 for every dollar invested in it.[14] It was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, book, direction and choreography, and acting awards for Mostel and Karnilova.[9]

text: The original London West End production opened on February 16, 1967, at Her Majesty's Theatre and played for 2,030 performances.[15] It starred Topol as Tevye, a role he had previously played in Tel Aviv, and Miriam Karlin as Golde. Alfie Bass, Lex Goudsmit and Barry Martin eventually took over as Tevye.[citation needed] Topol later played Tevye in the 1971 film adaptation, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award, and in several revivals over the next four decades.[16] The show was revived in London for short seasons in 1983 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre and in 1994 at the London Palladium.[citation needed]

text: Broadway revivals[edit]

text: The first Broadway revival opened on December 28, 1976, and ran for 176 performances at the Winter Garden Theatre. Zero Mostel starred as Tevye. Robbins directed and choreographed. A second Broadway revival opened on July 9, 1981, and played for a limited run (53 performances) at Lincoln Center's New York State Theater. It starred Herschel Bernardi as Tevye and Karnilova as Golde. Other cast members included Liz Larsen, Fyvush Finkel, Lawrence Leritz and Paul Lipson. Robbins directed and choreographed. The third Broadway revival opened on November 18, 1990, and ran for 241 performances at the George Gershwin Theatre. Topol starred as Tevye, and Marcia Lewis was Golde. Robbins' production was reproduced by Ruth Mitchell and choreographer Sammy Dallas Bayes. The production won the Tony Award for Best Revival.

text: A fourth Broadway revival opened on February 26, 2004, and ran for 36 previews and 781 performances at the Minskoff Theatre. Alfred Molina, and later Harvey Fierstein, starred as Tevye, and Randy Graff, and later Andrea Martin and Rosie O'Donnell, was Golde. Barbara Barrie and later Nancy Opel played Yente, Laura Michelle Kelly played Hodel and Lea Michele played Sprintze.[17] It was directed by David Leveaux. This production replaced Yente's song "The Rumor" with a song for Yente and two other women called "Topsy-Turvy". The production was nominated for six Tonys but did not win any. In June 2014, to celebrate the show's 50th anniversary, a gala celebration and reunion was held at The Town Hall in New York City to benefit The National Yiddish Theatre – Folksbiene, with appearances by many of the cast members of the various Broadway productions and the 1971 film.[8]

text: The fifth Broadway revival began previews on November 20 and opened on December 20, 2015 at the Broadway Theatre, with concept and choreography based on the original by Jerome Robbins. Bartlett Sher directed, and Hofesh Shechter choreographed. The cast starred Danny Burstein as Tevye, with Jessica Hecht as Golde, Alexandra Silber as Tzeitel, Adam Kantor as Motel, Ben Rappaport as Perchik, Samantha Massell as Hodel and Melanie Moore as Chava. Judy Kuhn replaced Hecht as Golde on November 22, 2016, for the last five weeks of the run.[18] Designers include Michael Yeargan (sets), Catherine Zuber (costumes) and Donald Holder (lighting).[19] Initial reviews were mostly positive, finding Burstein and the show touching.[20] The production was nominated for three Tony Awards but won none. It closed on December 31, 2016 after 463 performances.[21]

text: London revivals[edit]

text: Fiddler was first revived in London in 1983 at the Apollo Victoria Theatre (a four-month season starring Topol) and again in 1994 at the London Palladium for two months and then on tour, again starring Topol, and directed and choreographed by Sammy Dallas Bayes, recreating the Robbins production.[22]

text: After a two-month tryout at the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield, England, a London revival opened on May 19, 2007, at the Savoy Theatre starring Henry Goodman as Tevye, Beverley Klein as Golde, Alexandra Silber as Hodel, Damian Humbley as Perchik and Victor McGuire as Lazar Wolf. The production was directed by Lindsay Posner. Robbins' choreography was recreated by Sammy Dallas Bayes (who did the same for the 1990 Broadway revival), with additional choreography by Kate Flatt.[23]

text: UK tours[edit]

text: A 2003 national tour played for seven months, with a radical design, directed by Julian Woolford and choreographed by Chris Hocking. The production's minimalist set and costumes were monochromatic, and Fruma-Sarah was represented by a 12-foot puppet. This production was revived in 2008 starring Joe McGann.[24]

text: The show toured the UK again in 2013 and 2014 starring Paul Michael Glaser as Tevye with direction and choreography by Craig Revel Horwood.[25]

text: Australian productions[edit]

text: The original Australian production opened on June 16, 1967, at Her Majesty's Theatre in Sydney. It starred Hayes Gordon as Tevye and Brigid Lenihan as Golde.[26] The production ran for two years.[citation needed] The first professional revival tour was staged by Opera Australia in 1984 with Gordon again playing Tevye. A young Anthony Warlow played Fyedka.[citation needed]

text: For two years, beginning in 2005, Topol recreated his role as Tevye in an Australian production, with seasons in Sydney, Brisbane, Melbourne, Perth, Wellington and Auckland.[citation needed] The musical was revived in Melbourne in December 2015 with Anthony Warlow as Tevye, Sigrid Thornton as Golde and Lior as Motel. The production is scheduled to move to Sydney in March 2016.[27]

text: US tours[edit]

text: Topol in 'Fiddler on the Roof': The Farewell Tour opened on January 20, 2009, in Wilmington, Delaware. Topol left the tour in November 2009 due to torn muscles in his arms. He was replaced by Harvey Fierstein.[28]

text: International and amateur productions[edit]

text: The musical was an international hit, with early productions playing throughout Europe, in South America, Africa and Australia; 100 different productions were mounted in the former West Germany in the first three decades after the musical's premiere, and within five years after the collapse of the Berlin Wall, 23 productions were staged in the former East Germany; and it was the longest-running musical ever seen in Tokyo.[29]

text: A Hebrew language staging was produced in Tel Aviv by the Israeli impresario Giora Godik in the 1960s.[30] This version was so successful that Godik soon produced a Yiddish version translated by Shraga Friedman.[31] A 2008 Hebrew language production ran at the Cameri Theatre in Tel Aviv for more than six years. It was directed by Moshe Kepten, choreographed by Dennis Courtney and starred Natan Datner.[32][33]

text: Un violon sur le toît was produced in French at Paris's théâtre Marigny from November 1969 to May 1970, resuming from September to January 1971 (a total of 292 performances) with Ivan Rebroff as Tevye and Maria Murano as Golde. Another adaptation was produced in 2005 at the théâtre Comédia in Paris with Franck Vincent as Tevye and Isabelle Ferron as Golde.[34] The Stratford Shakespeare Festival produced the musical from April to October 2013 at the Festival Theatre directed and choreographed by Donna Feore. It starred Scott Wentworth as Tevye.[35]

text: The musical receives about 500 amateur productions a year in the US alone.[36]

text: Film adaptation and recordings[edit]

text: The film version was released in 1971, directed and produced by Norman Jewison, and Stein adapted his own book for the screenplay. The casting of Chaim Topol over Zero Mostel for the role of Tevye caused controversy at first.[citation needed] The film received mostly positive reviews from film critics[37] and became the highest-grossing film of 1971.[38] Fiddler received eight Oscar nominations, including Best Picture, Best Director for Jewison, Best Actor in a Leading Role for Topol, and Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Leonard Frey (as Motel; in the original Broadway production, Frey was the rabbi's son). It won three, including best score/adaptation for arranger-conductor John Williams.[39]

text: In the film version, the character of Yente is reduced, and Perchik's song to Hodel "Now I Have Everything" is cut and replaced by a scene in Kiev. The "Chagall color palette" of the original Broadway production was exchanged for a grittier, more realistic depiction of the village of Anatevka.[40][41]

text: Theatre writer John Kenrick writes that the original Broadway cast album released by RCA Victor in 1964, "shimmers – an essential recording in any show lover's collection", praising the cast. The remastered CD includes two recordings not on the original album, the bottle dance from the wedding scene and "Rumor" performed by Beatrice Arthur. Kenrick writes that while the original Broadway cast version is the clear first choice among recordings of this musical, he also likes the Columbia Records studio cast album with Bernardi as Tevye; the film soundtrack, although he feels that the pace drags a bit; and some of the numerous foreign versions, including the Israeli, German and Japanese casts.[42]

text: Cultural influence[edit]

text: The musical's popularity has led to numerous references in popular media and elsewhere.[43] The show or its songs have been parodied and covered widely:

text: Parodies[edit]

text: Parodies relating to the show have included Antenna on the Roof (Mad Magazine #156, January 1973), which speculated about the lives of Tevye's descendants living in an assimilated 1970s suburban America.[43] The H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society published a musical theatre and album parody of Fiddler on the Roof called A Shoggoth on the Roof, which incorporates the works of H. P. Lovecraft.[44] In the film Mrs. Doubtfire (1993), Robin Williams parodies "Matchmaker".[45]

text: References to the musical on television have included a 2005 episode of Gilmore Girls titled "Jews and Chinese Food", involving a production of the musical.[46] A skit by The Electric Company about a village fiddler with a fear of heights, so he is deemed "Fiddler on the Chair". In the Family Guy episode "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein" (2003), William Shatner is depicted as playing Tevye in a scene from Fiddler.[47] The second episode of Muppets Tonight, in 1996, featured Garth Brooks doing a piece of "If I were a Rich Man" in which he kicks several chickens off the roof. "The Rosie Show", a 1996 episode of The Nanny, parodied the dream scene, when Mr. Sheffield fakes a dream to convince Fran not to be a regular on a TV show. A 2011 episode of NBC's Community, entitled "Competitive Wine Tasting", included a parody of Fiddler titled, "Fiddler, Please!", with an all-black cast dressed in Fiddler on the Roof costumes singing "It's Hard to Be Jewish in Russia, Yo". Chabad.org kicked off their 2008 "To Life" Telethon with a pastiche of the fiddle solo and bottle dance from the musical.[48]

text: Broadway references have included Spamalot, where a "Grail dance" sends up the "bottle dance" in Fiddler's wedding scene.[49] The Producers (2001) includes a musical number in the style of Jerry Bock that features an actual fiddler on a roof. Also in 2001, Chicago's Improv Olympic produced a well-received parody, "The Roof Is on Fiddler", that used most of the original book of the musical but replaced the songs with 1980's pop songs.[50] The original Broadway cast of the musical Avenue Q and the Broadway 2004 revival cast of Fiddler on the Roof collaborated for a Broadway Cares/Equity Fights AIDS benefit and produced an approximately 10-minute-long show, "Avenue Jew", that incorporated characters from both shows, including puppets.

text: Covers[edit]

text: Songs from the musical have been covered by notable artists. For example, in 1964, jazz saxophonist Cannonball Adderley recorded the album Fiddler on the Roof, which featured jazz arrangements of eight songs from the musical. AllMusic awarded the album 4 stars and states "Cannonball plays near his peak; this is certainly the finest album by this particular sextet".[51] That same year, Eydie Gormé released a single of "Matchmaker".[52] In 1999, Knitting Factory Records released Knitting on the Roof, a compilation CD featuring covers of Fiddler songs by alternative bands such as The Residents, Negativland, and The Magnetic Fields.[53][54] Indie rock band Bright Eyes recorded an adaptation of "Sunrise, Sunset" on their 2000 album Fevers and Mirrors. Allmusic gave the album a favorable review,[55] and the online music magazine Pitchfork Media ranked it at number 170 on their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s.[56] In 2005, Melbourne punk band Yidcore released a reworking of the entire show called Fiddling on Ya Roof.[57]

text: Gwen Stefani and Eve covered "If I Were a Rich Man" as "Rich Girl" for Stefani's 2004 debut solo album Love. Angel. Music. Baby. in 2004. The song was inspired by the 1993 British Louchie Lou & Michie One ragga version of the same name.[58] Stefani's version reached #7 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, where it remained for over six months.[59] It was certified gold by the RIAA[60] and nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rap/Sung Collaboration.[61] It was also covered in 2008 and 2009 by the Capitol Steps, poking fun at Illinois politics, especially then-Governor Rod Blagojevich.[62] The Santa Clara Vanguard Drum and Bugle Corps performs the "Bottle Dance" from Fiddler as a "recurring trademark", including at the Drum Corps International World Championships.[63]

text: Other song versions[edit]

text: The song "Sunrise, Sunset" is often played at weddings,[citation needed] and in 2011 Sheldon Harnick wrote two versions of the song, suitable for same-sex weddings, with minor word changes. For example, for male couples, changes include "When did they grow to be so handsome".[64]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Fiddler's original Broadway production in 1964 was nominated for ten Tony Awards, winning nine, including Best Musical, score, and book, and Robbins won for best direction and choreography. Mostel and Karnilova won as best leading actor and best featured actress. In 1972, the show won a special Tony on becoming the longest-running musical in Broadway history.

text: Its revivals have also been honored. At the 1981 Tony Awards, Bernardi was nominated as best actor. Ten years later, the 1991 revival won for best revival, and Topol was nominated as best actor. The 2004 revival was nominated for six Tony Awards and three Drama Desk Awards but won none. The 2007 West End revival was nominated for Olivier Awards for best revival, and Goodman was nominated as best actor.

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ TIME magazine reported in its May 26, 2008, issue, p. 51, that this musical ranked as the seventh most frequently produced musical by U.S. high schools in 2007.
Jump up ^ Joselit, Jenna Weissman. "Fiddler on the Roof Distorted Sholem Aleichem", The New Republic, June 7, 2014, accessed November 3, 2014
^ Jump up to: a b c Solomon, Alisa. "How Fiddler Became Folklore", The Jewish Daily Forward, September 1, 2006, accessed January 29, 2015
^ Jump up to: a b c d Brustein, Robert. "Fiddle Shtick", The New York Review of Books, December 18, 2014, vol. 61, No. 20, pp. 82–83
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof. Additional Facts, MTI, accessed May 6, 2010
Jump up ^ Wecker, Menachem. "Marc Chagall: The French painter who inspired the title Fiddler on the Roof", The Washington Post, October 24, 2014
Jump up ^ "Show Archive" Archived 2014-01-16 at the Wayback Machine., Broadway in Detroit, accessed January 15, 2014
^ Jump up to: a b Henneberger, Melinda. "50th anniversary of Fiddler on the Roof reunites Tevye's many daughters", The Washington Post, June 14, 2014
^ Jump up to: a b c Hernandez, Ernio. "Fiddler on the Roof – 1964" Archived 2004-06-03 at the Wayback Machine., Playbill, February 26, 2004, accessed June 17, 2015
Jump up ^ He staged Jerome Robbins' Broadway, a "greatest hits" collection of some of his most famous stagings, at the Imperial Theatre on February 26, 1989, which ran for 633 performances.
Jump up ^ Rich, p. 172
Jump up ^ Gussow, Mel. "Paul Lipson, 82, Who Appeared As Tevye Over 2,000 Times". The New York Times, January 5, 1996, accessed October 19, 2015
Jump up ^ "Florence Stanley", PlaybillValult.com, accessed July 29, 2015
Jump up ^ Kantor, p. 302: "The 1960s was the decade that nurtured long-running blockbusters in unprecedented quantities: ten musicals passed the rarefied 1,000 performance mark, three of them passed the 2,000 mark (Hello, Dolly!, a Merrick smash, grossed $27 million on Broadway), and one, Fiddler on the Roof, passed the 3,000 mark, earning back $1,574 for every dollar put into it."
Jump up ^ Fiddler On The Roof, Guide to Musical Theatre, accessed July 24, 2016.
Jump up ^ Heller, Aron. "Iconic Israeli Actor Chaim Topol Reflects Upon His Long Career", Haaretz, April 21, 2015, accessed August 4, 2016; and Propst, Andy. "Harvey Fierstein Replaces Topol in Fiddler on the Roof Tour", TheaterMania.com, November 11, 2009, accessed July 24, 2016
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof (2004), IBDB database, accessed July 22, 2012
Jump up ^ Gans. Andrew. "Broadway's Fiddler on the Roof Welcomes Judy Kuhn Tonight", Playbill, November 22, 2016
Jump up ^ Simoes, Monica. "To Life! Watch Danny Burstein, Alexandra Silber and Company Give a Spirited Sneak Peek at Fiddler on the Roof", Playbill, October 15, 2015
Jump up ^ "Review Roundup: L'Chaim! Danny Burstein Leads Fiddler on the Roof Revival", broadwayworld.com, December 20, 2015
Jump up ^ Gans, Andrew. "Fiddler on the Roof Ends Broadway Run December 31", playbill.com, December 31, 2016
Jump up ^ Information on the 1994 production Archived 2007-10-14 at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Information about the 2007 London production of Fiddler on the Roof
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof Archived December 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine., Thisistheatre.com, April 27, 2015
Jump up ^ "Fiddler on the Roof official UK tour page", Music & Lyrics, accessed December 16, 2014
Jump up ^ "Hayes Gordon OBE AO 1920-1999", Live Performance Australia (2007), accessed January 1, 2016
Jump up ^ Bennet, Sally. "Anthony Warlow returns to Australian stage for Fiddler on the Roof", Herald-Sun, September 12, 2015
Jump up ^ Jones, Kenneth. "Harvey Fierstein to Replace Topol in Touring Fiddler on the Roof", playbill.com, November 11, 2009
Jump up ^ Whitfield, pp. 107–108
Jump up ^ Nahshon, Edna. "Israeli Theater: The revival of the Hebrew Language" Archived 2014-11-04 at the Wayback Machine., All About Jewish Theatre, accessed January 14, 2011
Jump up ^ Almagor, Dan (translated to English by Jay Shir). "Musical Plays on the Hebrew Stage"]. All About Jewish Theater, Ariel 103 (1996), pp. 19–25
Jump up ^ "Cameri Theatre Repertoire: Fiddler on the Roof" Archived 2015-07-24 at the Wayback Machine., www.cameri.co.il, accessed July 26, 2015
Jump up ^ Kae, Helen. "Theatre Review: Fiddler On The Roof", Jerusalem Post, 2008, accessed July 26, 2015; Izso, Lauren. "L'Chaim! Fiddler on the Roof to return to Broadway", Jerusalem Post, March 10, 2014, accessed July 26, 2015
Jump up ^ Un violon sur le toît, Opérette – Théâtre Musical, accessed September 17, 2016 (in French)
Jump up ^ "Fiddler on the Roof at the Stratford Shakespeare Festival" Archived 2013-07-14 at the Wayback Machine., accessed August 30, 2013
Jump up ^ Whitfield, p. 107
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof (1971), Rottentomatoes.com, accessed August 2, 2015
Jump up ^ Tino Balio, United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry, University of Wisconsin Press (1987), p. 194
Jump up ^ "The 44th Academy Awards (1972) Nominees and Winners", Oscars.org, accessed August 27, 2011
Jump up ^ Huttner, Jan Lisa. "Fiddler: Stage versus Screen", JUF.org, November 14, 2011, accessed September 7, 2015
Jump up ^ Fiddler on the Roof, AFI.com, accessed September 7, 2015
Jump up ^ Kenrick, John. "Comparative Cast CD Reviews II: Fiddler on the Roof", Musicals101.com, accessed June 5, 2016
^ Jump up to: a b Solomon, Alisa. "Tevye, Today and Beyond", Part 2 of 2, The Jewish Daily Forward, September 8, 2006, accessed March 30, 2012
Jump up ^ A Shoggoth on the Roof Archived 2012-04-15 at the Wayback Machine., H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society, March 30, 2012
Jump up ^ Willistein, Paul. "Mrs. Doubtfire Offers Williams At His Best", The Morning Call, November 25, 1993, accessed March 30, 2012
Jump up ^ "Episode Recap: Gilmore Girls: 'Jews and Chinese Food'", TV.com, accessed March 30, 2012
Jump up ^ "When You Wish Upon a Weinstein" Archived 2014-08-09 at the Wayback Machine., San Francisco Jewish Film Festival, 2009, accessed April 3, 2012
Jump up ^ "The Amazing Bottle Dancers Kick Off the 2008 Chabad Telethon!", Bottledancers.com, 2008, accessed October 19, 2015
Jump up ^ Demers, Ben. "Monty Python’s Spamalot", DCTheatreScene.com, March 15, 2012
Jump up ^ Jones, Chris. "Parody hits the Roof", Chicago Tribune, June 28, 2001, accessed January 25, 2012
Jump up ^ Yanow, S. "Cannonball Adderley's Fiddler on the Roof", Allmusic, accessed March 30, 2012
Jump up ^ Sobel, Robert. "For Eydie and Steve, It's Fun and Songs – Marriage Style", Billboard magazine, October 15, 1966, p. 18, accessed October 28, 2016
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Jump up ^ "The Top 200 Albums of the 2000s: 200–151", Pitchfork Media, September 28, 2009, accessed March 30, 2012
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Jump up ^ Ives, Brian and C. Bottomley. "Gwen Stefani: The Solo Express", VH1, MTV Networks, January 5, 2005, accessed May 22, 2007
Jump up ^ "Rich Girl – Gwen Stefani". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved October 21, 2010.
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Jump up ^ "Complete list of 2006 Grammy winners", The Baltimore Sun, Tribune Company, February 9, 2006, accessed March 14, 2007
Jump up ^ Lariviere, John. "The Capitol Steps", Talkin' Broadway, accessed March 30, 2012
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Jump up ^ Jones, Arnold Wayne. "'Sunrise, Sunset' gets gay lyric", Dallas Voice, October 6, 2011, accessed August 5, 2013


document_title: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

question_text: jumanji welcome to the jungle cast alex grown up

root

text: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1996 in Brantford, New Hampshire, teenager Alex Vreeke receives the Jumanji board game which was found by his father on a beach. Alex sets the game aside. That night, it transforms into a video game cartridge which catches Alex's attention when he is awakened by the Jumanji drum beats. When he begins playing it, he is transported into the game.

tag: p

text: Twenty years later, in the present day, Spencer Gilpin gets caught writing an essay for former friend Anthony "Fridge" Johnson, Bethany Walker makes a video call during an English class quiz and Martha Kaply refuses to participate in gym class. All four of them serve detention. They are sent to the school basement to prepare magazines for recycling and to think about their future. Fridge discovers Alex's discarded video-game system when he explores the basement, and he and Spencer set up the game. Although it has five playable characters, the first one cannot be selected. Spencer and Fridge choose two characters, and the girls choose their own. When Spencer presses "Start", they are transported into the game.

text: They are in a jungle, in the forms of their game avatars. Spencer is tough, muscular explorer and archaeologist named Dr. Smolder Bravestone; Fridge is diminutive zoologist named Franklin "Mouse" Finbar; Bethany is an overweight male cartographer named Professor Shelly Oberon and Martha is a female commando and martial arts expert named Ruby Roundhouse. They each have three lives marked on their arms and Bethany immediately loses one after being eaten by a hippo. Spencer deduces that if they lose all three, they die for real.

text: They learn the game's story from NPC Nigel: corrupt archeologist Russel Van Pelt stole the Jaguar's Eye, a magic jewel, from its shrine, cursing Jumanji. Nigel escaped Van Pelt with the jewel, and the players must return it to a jaguar statue and call "Jumanji" to lift the curse. Nigel warns them that Van Pelt will stop at nothing to retrieve the jewel, which gives him control of Jumanji's animals. They begin tackling the game's increasingly-difficult "levels", losing lives as they do so. The four are rescued by Alex, the missing fifth player, whose avatar is pilot Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough. Taking shelter in a jungle house built by the game's previous player Alan Parrish, Alex believes that he has been in the game for a few months and is distressed to learn that it is really twenty years. The newcomers vow to help him return home. They break into a transportation shed, commandeering a helicopter to fly to the jaguar statue and return the jewel, but Fridge drops the jewel into a herd of white rhinoceros. Spencer sacrifices one of Fridge's lives, pushing him out of the helicopter as a distraction, and retrieves the jewel. Alex loses his last life when a mosquito bites him, but Bethany performs CPR and transfers one of her lives to him.

text: At the statue, the players are surrounded by a pack of jaguars and Van Pelt's forces. They outmaneuver their opposition while Spencer and Martha race to the statue. Van Pelt confronts Martha (trapped in a pit of mambas) and demands the jewel, but she sacrifices one of her lives to re-spawn and get it to Spencer. With the players on their last lives, they end the game with Van Pelt disintegrating into a bunch of rats and return to the real world, but Alex does not appear with them. They find the formerly-dilapidated Vreeke home restored and decorated for a Christmas family gathering. An adult Alex arrives, having had returned to where he left off in 1996. Now married with children, he named his eldest daughter after Bethany out of gratitude for saving his life and introduces them to his infant son, Andy.

text: Spencer and Fridge reconcile, Bethany begins caring for others more than herself and plans a summer wilderness backpacking adventure, Martha and Spencer become romantically involved and the four are now friends after their experiences in the game. When they hear Jumanji's drumbeats, they bring the game behind the school and Fridge destroys it with a bowling ball to prevent anyone from playing it again.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Players

text:
Dwayne Johnson as Dr. Smolder Bravestone, an Indiana Jones-like archaeologist and explorer who is Spencer's avatar; he is the leader of his team.
Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin, a nerdy gamer at Brantford High School. Panphobic; his experience as Smolder Bravestone helps him cope with his anxiety and develop assertiveness.
Jack Black as Professor Shelly Oberon, a cartographer, cryptographer, archaeologist, and paleontologist who is Bethany's male avatar.
Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker, a pretty, popular, self-centered teenage girl at Brantford High School.
Kevin Hart as Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, a zoologist and weapons specialist who is Fridge's avatar.
Ser'Darius Blain as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson, a Brantford High School football jock coasting on his athletic prowess who cares more about dating than studying.
Karen Gillan as Ruby Roundhouse, a Lara Croft-like martial artist, and dance fighter who is Martha's avatar.
Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, a shy and cynical intellectual at Brantford High School who believes that physical education is needless and who dislikes popular peers like Bethany and Fridge.
Nick Jonas as Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough, a young aircraft pilot in Jumanji who is Alex Vreeke's avatar.[9]
Mason Guccione as Alex Vreeke, a teenage gamer who was trapped inside the Jumanji video game for two decades.
Colin Hanks plays the adult Alex when he appears two decades later.

tag: ul

text: Game

text:
Bobby Cannavale as Russel Van Pelt, an archeologist-turned-mercenary and an enemy of Smolder Bravestone. He tries to retrieve the Jaguar's Eye, whose power possesses him.
Rhys Darby as Nigel Billingsley, the main guide.
William Tokarsky as Food Vendor
Rohan Chand as Boy at Bazaar

text: Reality[edit]

text:
Marc Evan Jackson as Principal Bentley, who makes Spencer, Bethany, Fridge, and Martha clean up the basement as part of their detention.
Carlease Burke as Miss Mathers, Spencer and Fridge's U.S. History teacher.
Sean Buxton as Mr. Vreeke, Alex's father who discovered the Jumanji game.
Tim Matheson (uncredited) as Old Man Vreeke. His narration at the beginning of the film implies that seeing his son teleported into the game had traumatized him. After Alex's return to him, he is a happy family man and close to his son and grandchildren.
Maribeth Monroe as Bethany's English Teacher
Missi Pyle as Coach Webb, Martha, Spencer and Bethany's gym teacher.
Kat Altman as Lucinda, Bethany's friend.
Marin Hinkle as Mrs. Gilpin, Spencer's mother.
Tracey Bonner as Mrs. Johnson, Fridge's mother.
Natasha Charles Parker as Mrs. Walker, Bethany's mother.
Michael Shacket as Fussfeld, a friend of Spencer at Brantford High School who is infatuated with Bethany.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In July 2012, rumors circulated that a remake of Jumanji was in development. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Columbia Pictures president Doug Belgrad said: "We're going to try and reimagine Jumanji and update it for the present."[10] On August 1, 2012, it was confirmed that Matthew Tolmach would produce the new version with William Teitler (who produced the original film).[11]

text: In August 2015, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced that the film was scheduled for release on December 25, 2016.[12] Online reception to the news was negative, with some saying that the announcement came too soon after the August 2014 death of Robin Williams (who played Alan Parrish in the original film).[13][14] The announcement was criticized by Bradley Pierce (who played Peter Shepherd in Jumanji) and by E! News, which called the remake "unnecessary and kind of insulting".[15][16] On October 23, 2015, Scott Rosenberg was hired to rewrite the script for the film, whose production was a high priority for the studio.[17] On January 14, 2016, Deadline Hollywood reported that Jake Kasdan had been hired to direct the film from a script by Rosenberg and Jeff Pinkner based on a draft by original writers Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers.[18]

text: In March 2017, during CinemaCon, it was announced that the film's complete title was Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle. Its plot involved teenagers cleaning out a school's basement who find a vintage video-game version of Jumanji and are sucked into the first film's jungle setting. Although fans debated whether the film was a sequel or a reboot, the second trailer (released on September 20, 2017) indicated that the sequel is set 21 years after the first.

text: Casting[edit]

text: On April 15, Variety reported that Dwayne Johnson and Kevin Hart were in early talks to star in the film (although both actors had other projects).[19] Later in the month, Johnson confirmed his casting on Instagram.[20] In July, it was reported that Nick Jonas had joined the film's cast with Johnson, Hart, and Jack Black.[21] The following month, Johnson said that the film would not be a reboot but a continuation of the 1995 film;[22] Karen Gillan was announced as part of the cast.[23] On September 20, Ser'Darius Blain was cast as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson and Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker. Two days later, Rhys Darby was cast as Nigel Billingsley, Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, and Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin.[24][25][26] In November 2016, Bobby Cannavale announced his casting in the film,[27] and in December 2016, Tim Matheson joined the cast as Old Man Vreeke.[28]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on September 19, 2016, in Honolulu, Hawaii,[19][29] primarily at the Kualoa Ranch nature reserve.[30] The film wrapped on December 8 in Atlanta, Georgia.[31]

text: Music[edit]

text: James Newton Howard was originally signed to compose the film's score,[32] he was replaced by Henry Jackman when the film's release date was postponed six months.[1] The soundtrack was released digitally on 15 December 2017 by Sony Masterworks.

text: Release[edit]

text: In August 2015, Sony gave the film a release date of December 25, 2016.[33] Since filming did not begin until September 2016, the release was pushed back to July 28 and then to December 20, 2017.[2]

text: On November 29, 2017, it was announced that Amazon Prime members in the United States would have early access to tickets for a December 8 screening of the film at select Regal, National Amusements, ArcLight Cinemas and AMC theaters.[34] The screenings sold out at 1,200 theaters and earned $1.9 million.[35] The film was released on IMAX 2D on January 12, 2018.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box Office[edit]

text: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle grossed $404.5 million in the United States and Canada and $557.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $962.1 million.[6] On April 10, 2018, the film passed Spider-Man ($403.7 million) to become Sony's highest-grossing film domestically. Deadline Hollywood calculated its net profit as $305.7 million when factoring all expenses and revenues, making it 2017's fourth-most-profitable release.[36]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, the film was released on December 20, 2017 with The Greatest Showman and was projected to gross about $60 million from 3,765 theaters in its six-day opening weekend; the studio predicted a $45 million debut.[37][38] It earned $7.2 million on its first day and $7.6 million on its second day. Over the three-day weekend, the film grossed $36.2 million (for a six-day total of $71.9 million), finishing second at the box office behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi.[4] Its weekend-only earnings increased to $50.1 million during its second weekend, again finishing in second place at the box office.[39] The 38.4 percent weekend-to-weekend increase was the fourth-largest for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters; The Greatest Showman set the record for best hold the same weekend.[40][41] The film passed Star Wars: The Last Jedi for the top spot the following weekend, declining 28.1 percent to $36 million,[42] and finished first again the following week with $28.1 million (and a total of $35.2 million over the four-day MLK weekend).[43] Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle remained atop the box office for its third weekend, earning $19.5 million.[44]

text: It again topped the box office for a fourth consecutive week (its sixth week overall in theatres) with $20 million, easily surpassing new releases 12 Strong and Den of Thieves (both films finished their entire run with box office lower than Jumanji: Welcome... grossed in its first 10 days).[45] The film continued to do well the following week, dropping 16 percent (to $16.4 million) and finishing second to Maze Runner: The Death Cure,[46] before regaining the top spot for a fifth time the following weekend with $11.1 million.[47]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 76% based on 201 reviews, and an average rating of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle uses a charming cast and a humorous twist to offer an undemanding yet solidly entertaining update on its source material."[48] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 58 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[49] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale, while those at PostTrak gave it an 84% positive score.[4]

text: Dave White of TheWrap praised the cast and called the film a pleasant surprise: "Jumanji: Welcome to The Jungle is the Christmas tentpole release that aims to please and succeeds, a funny family entertainment product that subverts more expectations than it was obligated to contractually".[50] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a C grade, calling it unnecessary but mildly amusing: "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle is further proof that even the stalest whiff of brand recognition has become preferable to originality. Only part of the blame for that belongs to the studios but after cannibalizing themselves for much of the last 20 years, Hollywood has clearly eaten their way down to the crumbs".[51] For Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote: "Excitement! Suspense! Childlike innocence! Ingeniously staged action set pieces! These are a few of the things you will not find, anywhere, in Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle ... It's supposed to be a board game come to life but really, it's just a bored game."[52]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

2018

Kids' Choice Awards

Kids' Choice Award for Favorite Movie

Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

Won

[53][54]

Kids' Choice Awards for Favorite Actor

Dwayne Johnson

Won

Kevin Hart

Nominated

MTV Movie & TV Awards

Best Comedic Performance

Jack Black

Nominated

Best On-Screen Team

Dwayne Johnson, Kevin Hart, Jack Black, Karen Gillan and Nick Jonas

Nominated

Saturn Awards

Best Fantasy Film

Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

Nominated

[55]

Teen Choice Awards

Choice Comedy Movie

Nominated

[56]

Choice Comedy Movie Actress

Karen Gillan

Nominated

Choice Comedy Movie Actor

Dwayne Johnson

Won

Choice Comedy Movie Actor

Jack Black

Nominated

Choice Comedy Movie Actor

Kevin Hart

Nominated

tag: table

text: Home media[edit]

text: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle was released on Digital HD on March 6, 2018 and on DVD, Blu-ray, and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on March 20, although the film was still in theaters. The Blu-ray and digital versions include two additional featurettes: "Surviving the Jungle: Spectacular Stunts!" and "Book to Board Game to Big Screen & Beyond! Celebrating The Legacy of Jumanji".[57]

text: Sequel[edit]

text:
Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black, and Nick Jonas discussed Jumanji 3's plot in interviews, including the possibility of the film's exploring the origins of the game. According to Karen Gillan, the alternate ending of Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle would have left the door open for another installment.[58][59][60][61] In February 2018, it was announced that Kasdan would direct the sequel, with Rosenberg and Pinkner again writing the script and Johnson, Hart, Black, Gillan and Jonas reprising their roles.[62] Filming will begin in January 2019.[63] The film is slated to be released December 13, 2019.[64]
According to Kevin Hart, the sequel will have the main four stars, Dwayne Johnson, Karen Gillan, Jack Black, and himself, back. The cast and crew will start shooting for the sequel by the end of January 2019.[65]


document_title: Brokedown Palace

question_text: who put the drugs in the bag brokedown palace

text: Brokedown Palace

text: Plot[edit]

text: Lifelong best friends Alice Marano and Darlene Davis take a trip after graduating from high school, giving their parents the impression that they're going to Hawaii. However, Alice talks Darlene into going to Thailand instead, after comparing the prices of both destinations. Darlene agrees, albeit with some reluctance. Once in Thailand, they meet a captivating Australian man who calls himself Nick Parks. Unknown to them, Nick Parks is a drug smuggler. Darlene is particularly smitten with Nick and convinces Alice to take Nick up on his offer to treat the two of them to what amounts to a day trip to Hong Kong. While boarding their flight at Don Mueang International Airport, the girls are seized by the police and shocked to discover that one of their bags contains heroin, which unknown to them, is planted by Nick himself.

text: The two girls are interrogated by the Thai police and Darlene signs a confession written in Thai, which she foolishly thinks is her verbatim statement. At their trial, they beg for mercy and are given a lenient 33-year sentence instead of the usual life sentence in prison. In prison, the girls are advised to seek out Henry Greene, aka "Yankee Hank", an expatriate American attorney living in Thailand.

text: As the girls try to deal with the violence and squalor of prison, Hank begins work on their case. He tracks down another girl who had been used as an unwitting drug mule by Nick Parks, but is warned that the smuggler has friends in high places. Hank arranges a deal with a corrupt prosecutor whereby the girls will receive a clemency if they confess to having lied about Parks' involvement. However, the prosecutor reneges on the deal after the girls confess. Desperate, and realizing that Darlene will not survive their time in prison, Alice begs the King of Thailand to allow her to serve both of their sentences in exchange for letting Darlene go. The deal is accepted and Darlene is released, where she promises to continue working with Hank to try and free Alice.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Claire Danes as Alice Marano
Kate Beckinsale as Darlene Davis
Bill Pullman as Henry Greene
Lou Diamond Phillips as Roy Knox
Jacqueline Kim as Yon Greene
Daniel Lapaine as Nick Parks
Tom Amandes as Doug Davis
Aimee Graham as Beth Ann Gardener
John Doe as Bill Marano
Lim Kay Tong as Chief Detective Jagkrit
Paul Walker as Jason

text: Filming[edit]

text: Because the film presents a critical view of the Thai legal system, most of the scenes were filmed in the Philippines; however, some panoramas and views were filmed in Bangkok. Ninoy Aquino International Airport Terminal 1 stood in for Don Mueang International Airport and during the airport arrest scene, a Philippine Airlines Boeing 747-400 is seen. The prison scenes were shot at the Manila City Jail.

text: Controversy[edit]

text: In 1998, just after the filming of Brokedown Palace in Manila, Danes was quoted in Vogue as saying that Manila was a "ghastly and weird city".[1] She further remarked in Premiere that the city "smelled of cockroaches, with rats all over and that there is no sewage system and the people do not have anything—no arms, no legs, no eyes".[1] Kim Atienza, son of then Mayor of Manila Lito Atienza, responded to the comments by saying, "Those are irresponsible, bigoted and sweeping statements that we cannot accept".[1] Her films were subsequently banned from being screened in the Philippines.[2] Joseph Estrada, then President of the Philippines, condemned her publicly,[3] and she was declared persona non grata.[4]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Brokedown Palace received negative reviews from critics. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes rated the film "Rotten", with only 31% of 35 critics giving positive reviews, summarizing that the movie "lacks credibility and tension".[5] Roger Ebert however gave the film three out of four stars, saying "The heart of the film is in the performances of Danes and Beckinsale".

text: The film underperformed at the box office, failing to make back even half of its $25 million budget.


document_title: Denver Developmental Screening Test

question_text: what is the denver ii developmental screening test

text: Denver Developmental Screening Test

text: DENVER II[edit]

text: The DENVER II (1992) is a revision and update of the Denver Developmental Screening Test, DDST (1967).[6][7] Both were designed for use by the clinician, teacher, or other early childhood professional to monitor the development of infants and preschool-aged children. Doing so, enables the clinician to identify children whose development deviates significantly from that of other children warranting further investigation to determine if there exists a problem requiring treatment. The tests cover four general functions: personal social (such as smiling), fine motor adaptive (such as grasping and drawing), language (such as combining words), and gross motor (such as walking). Ages covered by the tests range from birth to six years. Since its publication the test has enjoyed widespread popularity as reflected by its use in many of this nation's medical schools.

text: The DENVER II, published in 1992, was standardized on 2,096 children. Its interpretation was slightly modified from the DDST giving greater emphasis to a comparison of the child's performance on each item with the new norms, much as clinicians have compared children's growth on individual parameters as height, weight and head circumference to ascertain a child's health status.

text: There are five unique features of the test that generally differentiates it from most other developmental screening tests:

text:
Its validity rests upon its meticulous and careful standardization reflecting the US 1980 census population.[8] Most other developmental screening tests base their validity on measures of sensitivity and specificity. Most such studies suffer from one or more of the following: small sample size, verification bias, inappropriate/non-equivalent test bias, procedural bias, spectrum bias and incomplete reporting of results.[9][10][11]
Since the test depicts in graphic form the ages at which 25%, 50%, 75% and 90% of children performed each item, it enables the examiner to visualize at any age from birth to six years how a given child's development compares with that of other children.
The test has separate norms for subgroups of the population based on sex, ethnicity and maternal education when the subgroups differed by a clinically significant amount from the total group or composite norms.
The test is primarily based upon an examiner's actual observation rather than parental report.
It is ideal for visualizing on one page the developmental progress of children whether or not their development is being monitored for well child care or because the child's development is of special concern.

tag: ol

text: The above unique features of the test as well as its ease of administration and interpretation contribute to its widespread use in screening programs as public child health clinics, private practices, early education programs such as, nursery schools and day care centers. In fact, the DDST and the DENVER II test have been translated into numerous foreign languages, as well as re-standardized on over 1,000 children in each of 12 countries to obtain national norms, resulting in its use to screen millions of children throughout the world.

text: In 2006 the American Academy of Pediatrics Council on Children with Disabilities; Section on Developmental Behavioral Pediatrics published a list of screening tests for clinicians to consider when selecting a test to use in their practice. This list includes the DENVER II among its choices.[12]

text: Most recently, the Denver II has fallen out of favor with early childhood organizations. The Minnesota Department of Public Health stated, "The Denver II (1989) is no longer a recommended developmental screening instrument for use in Minnesota public programs ... The Denver II failed to meet review criteria. Review criteria is available online at http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/fh/mch/devscrn/criteria.html. (accessed September 5, 2012 at http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/fh/mch/devscrn/faq.html)

text: In addition, a leading provider of early childhood research based curriculum, Parents as Teachers, has told its affiliates that the Denver II is no longer a valid instrument for use in its affiliate programs.

text: On June 8, 2015, the Denver company posted the following on their website: "We thank you for your business over the last 29 years. As of June 8th we closed operations and will no longer be offering The DENVER II and related products". However, the test, manuals, and other materials are available at no cost online at www.DenverII.com . The test kit can be ordered from Oxford, England, at www.hogrefe.co.uk. The test can be used in electronic medical records for free.[13]


document_title: Special Flood Hazard Area

question_text: what is a fema special flood hazard area

text: Special Flood Hazard Area

text: A Special Flood Hazard Area (SFHA) is an area identified by the United States Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) as an area with a special flood or mudflow, and/or flood related erosion hazard, as shown on a flood hazard boundary map or flood insurance rate map.[1] Areas within the SFHA are designated on the flood insurance rate map as Zone A, AO, A1-A30, AE, A99, AH, AR, AR/A, AR/AE, AR/AH, AR/AO, AR/A1-A30, V1-V30 or V.[2]

text: Land areas that are at high risk for flooding are called special flood hazard areas (SFHAs), or floodplains. These areas are indicated on flood insurance rate maps (FIRMs).

text: In high-risk areas, there is at least a 1 in 4 chance of flooding during a 30-year mortgage.