document_title: Chief Justice of the United States

question_text: who is the chief justice of the united states now in 2017

text: Chief Justice of the United States

text: Origin, title, and appointment to office[edit]

text: The United States Constitution does not explicitly establish an office of Chief Justice, but presupposes its existence with a single reference in Article I, Section 3, Clause 6: "When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside." Nothing more is said in the Constitution regarding the office. Article III, Section 1, which authorizes the establishment of the Supreme Court, refers to all members of the Court simply as "judges." The Judiciary Act of 1789 created the distinctive titles of Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States and Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.

text: In 1866, at the urging of Salmon P. Chase, Congress restyled the chief justice's title to the current Chief Justice of the United States. The first person whose Supreme Court commission contained the modified title was Melville Fuller in 1888.[1] The associate justices' title was not altered in 1866, and remains as originally created.

text: The chief justice, like all federal judges, is nominated by the President and confirmed to office by the U.S. Senate. Article III, Section 1 of the Constitution specifies that they "shall hold their Offices during good Behavior". This language means that the appointments are effectively for life, and that, once in office, a justice's tenure ends only when they die, retire, resign, or are removed from office through the impeachment process.

text: The salary of the chief justice is set by Congress; the current (2017) annual salary is $263,300, which is slightly higher than that of associate justices, which is $251,800.[2] The practice of appointing an individual to serve as chief justice is grounded in tradition; while the Constitution mandates that there be a chief justice, it is silent on the subject of how one is chosen and by whom. There is no specific constitutional prohibition against using another method to select the chief justice from among those justices properly appointed and confirmed to the Supreme Court. Constitutional law scholar Todd Pettys has proposed that presidential appointment of chief justices should be done away with, and replaced by a process that permits the Justices to select their own chief justice.[3]

text: Three incumbent associate justices have been nominated by the president and confirmed by the Senate as chief justice: Edward Douglass White in 1910, Harlan Fiske Stone in 1941, and William Rehnquist in 1986. A fourth, Abe Fortas, was nominated to the position in 1968, but not confirmed. As an associate justice does not have to resign his or her seat on the Court in order to be nominated as chief justice, Fortas remained an associate justice. Similarly, when associate justice William Cushing was nominated and confirmed as chief justice in January 1796, but declined the office, he too remained on the Court. Additionally, two former associate justices subsequently returned to service on the Court as chief justice. John Rutledge was the first. President Washington gave him a recess appointment in 1795. However, his subsequent nomination to the office was not confirmed by the Senate, and he left office and the Court. In 1933, former associate justice Charles Evans Hughes was confirmed as chief justice.

text: Duties[edit]

text: Along with his general responsibilities as a member of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice has several unique duties to fulfill.

text: Impeachment trials[edit]

text: Article I, section 3 of the U.S. Constitution stipulates that the Chief Justice shall preside over impeachment trials of the President of the United States in the U.S. Senate. Two Chief Justices, Salmon P. Chase and William Rehnquist, have presided over the trial in the Senate that follows an impeachment of the president – Chase in 1868 over the proceedings against President Andrew Johnson and Rehnquist in 1999 over the proceedings against President Bill Clinton. Both presidents were subsequently acquitted.

text: Seniority[edit]

text: Many of the procedures and inner workings of the Court turn on the seniority of the justices. Traditionally, the chief justice has been regarded as primus inter pares (first among equals)—that is, the chief justice is the highest-ranking and foremost member of the Court, regardless of that officeholder's length of service when compared against that of any associate justice. This seniority and added prestige enables a chief justice to define the Court's culture and norms, and thus influence how it functions. The chief justice sets the agenda for the weekly meetings where the justices review the petitions for certiorari, to decide whether to hear or deny each case. The Supreme Court agrees to hear less than one percent of the cases petitioned to it. While associate justices may append items to the weekly agenda, in practice this initial agenda-setting power of the chief justice has significant influence over the direction of the court. Nonetheless, a chief justice's influence may be limited by circumstances and the associate justices' understanding of legal principles; it is definitely limited by the fact that he has only a single vote of nine on the decision whether to grant or deny certiorari.[4][5]

text: Despite the chief justice's elevated stature, his vote carries the same legal weight as the vote of each associate justice. Additionally, he has no legal authority to overrule the verdicts or interpretations of the other eight judges or tamper with them.[4] The task of assigning who shall write the opinion for the majority falls to the most senior justice in the majority. Thus, when the chief justice is in the majority, he always assigns the opinion.[6] Early in his tenure, Chief Justice John Marshall insisted upon holdings which the justices could unanimously back as a means to establish and build the Court's national prestige. In doing so, Marshall would often write the opinions himself, and actively discouraged dissenting opinions. Associate Justice William Johnson eventually persuaded Marshall and the rest of the Court to adopt its present practice: one justice writes an opinion for the majority, and the rest are free to write their own separate opinions or not, whether concurring or dissenting.[7]

text: The chief justice's formal prerogative—when in the majority—to assign which justice will write the Court's opinion is perhaps his most influential power,[5] as this enables him to influence the historical record.[4] He "may assign this task to the individual justice best able to hold together a fragile coalition, to an ideologically amenable colleague, or to himself." Opinion authors can have a big influence on the content of an opinion; two justices in the same majority, given the opportunity, might write very different majority opinions.[5] A chief justice who knows well the associate justices can therefore do much—by the simple act of selecting the justice who writes the opinion of the court—to affect the general character or tone of an opinion, which in turn can affect the interpretation of that opinion in cases before lower courts in the years to come.

text: Additionally, the chief justice chairs the conferences where cases are discussed and tentatively voted on by the justices. He normally speaks first and so has influence in framing the discussion. Although the chief justice votes first—the Court votes in order of seniority—he may strategically pass in order to ensure membership in the majority if desired.[5] It is reported that:

text: Chief Justice Warren Burger was renowned, and even vilified in some quarters, for voting strategically during conference discussions on the Supreme Court in order to control the Court’s agenda through opinion assignment. Indeed, Burger is said to have often changed votes to join the majority coalition, cast "phony votes" by voting against his preferred position, and, declined to express a position at conference.[8]

text: Oath of office[edit]

text: The Chief Justice typically administers the oath of office at the inauguration of the President of the United States. This is a tradition, rather than a constitutional responsibility of the Chief Justice; the Constitution does not require that the oath be administered by anyone in particular, simply that it be taken by the president. Law empowers any federal and state judge, as well as notaries public (such as John Calvin Coolidge, Sr., to administer oaths and affirmations.

text: If the Chief Justice is ill or incapacitated, the oath is usually administered by the next senior member of the Supreme Court. Seven times, someone other than the Chief Justice of the United States administered the oath of office to the President.[9] Robert Livingston, as Chancellor of the State of New York (the state's highest ranking judicial office), administered the oath of office to George Washington at his first inauguration; there was no Chief Justice of the United States, nor any other federal judge prior to their appointments by President Washington in the months following his inauguration. William Cushing, an associate justice of the Supreme Court, administered Washington's second oath of office in 1793. Calvin Coolidge's father, a notary public, administered the oath to his son after the death of Warren Harding.[10] This, however, was contested upon Coolidge's return to Washington and his oath was re-administered by Judge Adolph A. Hoehling, Jr. of the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia.[11] John Tyler and Millard Fillmore were both sworn in on the death of their predecessors by Chief Justice William Cranch of the Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.[12] Chester A. Arthur and Theodore Roosevelt's initial oaths reflected the unexpected nature of their taking office. On November 22, 1963, after the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Judge Sarah T. Hughes, a federal district court judge of the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas, administered the oath of office to then Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson aboard the presidential airplane.

text: In addition, the Chief Justice ordinarily administers the oath of office to newly appointed and confirmed associate justices, whereas the senior associate justice will normally swear in a new Chief Justice or vice president.

text: Other duties[edit]

text: Since the tenure of William Howard Taft, the office of the Chief Justice has moved beyond just first among equals.[13] The Chief Justice also:

text:
Serves as the head of the federal judiciary.
Serves as the head of the Judicial Conference of the United States, the chief administrative body of the United States federal courts. The Judicial Conference is empowered by the Rules Enabling Act to propose rules, which are then promulgated by the Supreme Court (subject to disapproval by Congress), to ensure the smooth operation of the federal courts. Major portions of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and Federal Rules of Evidence have been adopted by most state legislatures and are considered canonical by American law schools.
Appoints sitting federal judges to the membership of the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC), a "secret court" which oversees requests for surveillance warrants by federal police agencies (primarily the F.B.I.) against suspected foreign intelligence agents inside the United States. (see 50 U.S.C. § 1803).
Appoints the members of the Judicial Panel on Multidistrict Litigation, a special tribunal of seven sitting federal judges responsible for selecting the venue for coordinated pretrial proceedings in situations where multiple related federal actions have been filed in different judicial districts.
Serves ex officio as a member of the Board of Regents, and by custom as the Chancellor, of the Smithsonian Institution.
Supervises the acquisition of books for the Law Library of the Library of Congress.[14]

text: Unlike Senators and Representatives who are constitutionally prohibited from holding any other "office of trust or profit" of the United States or of any state while holding their congressional seats, the Chief Justice and the other members of the federal judiciary are not barred from serving in other positions. Chief Justice John Jay served as a diplomat to negotiate the so-called Jay Treaty (also known as the Treaty of London of 1794), Justice Robert H. Jackson was appointed by President Truman to be the U.S. Prosecutor in the Nuremberg trials of leading Nazis, and Chief Justice Earl Warren chaired The President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy. As described above, the Chief Justice holds office in the Smithsonian Institution and the Library of Congress.

text: Disability or vacancy[edit]

text: Under 28 USC,[15] when the Chief Justice is unable to discharge his functions, or that office is vacant, his duties are carried out by the most senior associate justice who is able to act, until the disability or vacancy ends, as chief justice.[3] As of February 13, 2016, Anthony Kennedy is the most senior associate justice.

text: List of Chief Justices[edit]

text: Since the Supreme Court was established in 1789, the following 17 persons have served as Chief Justice:[16]

text:
Chief Justice
Date confirmed
(Vote)
Tenure
Length of tenure
Appointed by
Prior position[a]

1

John Jay
(1745–1829)
September 26, 1789
(Acclamation)
01 !September 26, 1789
–
June 29, 1795
(Resigned)
14 !7003210200000000000♠5 years, 276 days
George Washington
Acting
United States Secretary of State
(1789–1790)

2

John Rutledge
(1739–1800)
December 15, 1795
(10–14)[b]
02 !June 30, 1795[c]
–
December 28, 1795
(Resigned)
17 !7002181000000000000♠181 days
Chief Justice of the
South Carolina Court of
Common Pleas and Sessions
(1791–1795)
Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court
(1789–1791)

3

Oliver Ellsworth
(1745–1807)
March 4, 1796
(21–1)
03 !March 8, 1796
–
December 15, 1800
(Resigned)
16 !7003174200000000000♠4 years, 282 days
United States Senator
from Connecticut
(1789–1796)

4

John Marshall
(1755–1835)
January 27, 1801
(Acclamation)
04 !February 4, 1801
–
July 6, 1835
(Died)
01 !7004125700000000000♠34 years, 152 days
John Adams
4th
United States Secretary of State
(1800–1801)

5

Roger B. Taney
(1777–1864)
March 15, 1836
(29–15)
05 !March 28, 1836
–
October 12, 1864
(Died)
02 !7004104250000000000♠28 years, 198 days
Andrew Jackson
12th
United States Secretary
of the Treasury
(1833–1834)

6

Salmon P. Chase
(1808–1873)
December 6, 1864
(Acclamation)
06 !December 15, 1864
–
May 7, 1873
(Died)
12 !7003307400000000000♠8 years, 152 days
Abraham Lincoln
25th
United States Secretary
of the Treasury
(1861–1864)

7

Morrison Waite
(1816–1888)
January 21, 1874
(63–0)
07 !March 4, 1874
–
March 23, 1888
(Died)
07 !7003513300000000000♠14 years, 19 days
Ulysses S. Grant
Ohio State Senator
(1849–1850)
Presiding officer,
Ohio constitutional convention
(1873)

8

Melville Fuller
(1833–1910)
July 20, 1888
(41–20)
08 !October 8, 1888
–
July 4, 1910
(Died)
03 !7003793800000000000♠21 years, 269 days
Grover Cleveland
President,
Illinois State Bar Association
(1886)
Illinois State Representative
(1863–1865)

9

Edward Douglass White
(1845–1921)
December 12, 1910[d]
(Acclamation)
09 !December 19, 1910
–
May 19, 1921
(Died)
10 !7003380400000000000♠10 years, 151 days
William Howard Taft
Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court
(1894–1910)

10

William Howard Taft
(1857–1930)
June 30, 1921
(Acclamation)
10 !July 11, 1921
–
February 3, 1930
(Retired)
11 !7003312900000000000♠8 years, 207 days
Warren G. Harding
27th
President of the United States
(1909–1913)

11

Charles Evans Hughes
(1862–1948)
February 13, 1930
(52–26)
11 !February 24, 1930
–
June 30, 1941
(Retired)
09 !7003414400000000000♠11 years, 126 days
Herbert Hoover
44th
United States Secretary of State
(1921–1925)
Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court
(1910–1916)

12

Harlan F. Stone
(1872–1946)
June 27, 1941[d]
(Acclamation)
12 !July 3, 1941
–
April 22, 1946
(Died)
15 !7003175400000000000♠4 years, 293 days
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court
(1925–1941)

13

Fred M. Vinson
(1890–1953)
June 20, 1946
(Acclamation)
13 !June 24, 1946
–
September 8, 1953
(Died)
13 !7003263300000000000♠7 years, 76 days
Harry S. Truman
53rd
United States Secretary
of the Treasury
(1945–1946)

14

Earl Warren
(1891–1974)
March 1, 1954
(Acclamation)
14 !October 5, 1953[c]
–
June 23, 1969
(Retired)
06 !7003574000000000000♠15 years, 261 days
Dwight D. Eisenhower
30th
Governor of California
(1943–1953)

15

Warren E. Burger
(1907–1995)
June 9, 1969
(74–3)
15 !June 23, 1969
–
September 26, 1986
(Retired)
05 !7003630400000000000♠17 years, 95 days
Richard Nixon
Judge of the
United States Court of Appeals
for the District of Columbia Circuit
(1956–1969)

16

William Rehnquist
(1924–2005)
September 17, 1986[d]
(65–33)
16 !September 26, 1986
–
September 3, 2005
(Died)
04 !7003691700000000000♠18 years, 342 days
Ronald Reagan
Associate Justice
of the Supreme Court
(1972–1986)

17

John Roberts
(born 1955)
September 29, 2005
(78–22)
17 !September 29, 2005
–
Incumbent
08 !7003440600000000000♠12 years, 23 days
George W. Bush
Judge of the
United States Court of Appeals
for the District of Columbia Circuit
(2003–2005)

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Listed here (unless otherwise noted) is the position—either with a U.S. state or the federal government—held by the individual immediately prior to becoming Chief Justice of the United States.
Jump up ^ This was the first Supreme Court nomination to be rejected by the United States Senate. Rutledge remains the only "recess appointed" justice not to be subsequently confirmed by the Senate.
^ Jump up to: a b Recess appointment
^ Jump up to: a b c Elevated from associate justice to chief justice while serving on the Supreme Court. The nomination of a sitting associate justaice to be chief justice is subject to a separate confirmation process.


document_title: List of Miss Universe titleholders

question_text: who has won the most miss universe crowns

root

text: List of Miss Universe titleholders

text: Titleholders[edit]

text:
Year
Represented
Titleholder
Age [A]
Height
Hometown
Date

1952
 Finland
Armi Kuusela[1]
17
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Muhos
June 28, 1952

1953
 France
Christiane Martel[2]
21
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Créteil
July 17, 1953

1954
 United States
Miriam Stevenson[3]
21
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Winnsboro
July 24, 1954

1955
 Sweden
Hillevi Rombin[B][4][5]
21
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Alfta
July 22, 1955

1956
 United States
Carol Morris[6]
20
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Ottumwa
July 20, 1956

1957
 Peru
Gladys Zender[7]
18
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Lima
July 19, 1957

1958
 Colombia
Luz Marina Zuluaga[B][8]
19
5 ft 4 in (163 cm)
Pereira
July 26, 1958

1959
 Japan
Akiko Kojima[9]
22
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Tokyo
July 24, 1959

1960
 United States
Linda Bement[10]
18
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Salt Lake City
July 09, 1960

1961
 Germany
Marlene Schmidt[11]
24
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Stuttgart
July 15, 1961

1962
 Argentina
Norma Nolan[12]
24
5 ft 5 in (165 cm)
Buenos Aires
July 14, 1962

1963
 Brazil
Iêda Maria Vargas[13]
18
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Porto Alegre
July 20, 1963

1964
 Greece
Corinna Tsopei[14]
20
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Athens
August 01, 1964

1965
 Thailand
Apasra Hongsakula[15]
18
5 ft 4 in (163 cm)
Bangkok
July 24, 1965

1966
 Sweden
Margareta Arvidsson[16]
18
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Gothenburg
July 16, 1966

1967
 United States
Sylvia Hitchcock[B][17]
21
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Miami
July 15, 1967

1968
 Brazil
Martha Vasconcellos[18]
20
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Salvador
July 13, 1968

1969
 Philippines
Gloria Diaz[19]
18
5 ft 5 in (165 cm)
Aringay
July 19, 1969

1970
 Puerto Rico
Marisol Malaret[20]
20
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
San Juan
July 11, 1970

1971
 Lebanon
Georgina Rizk[21]
18
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Beirut
July 24, 1971

1972
 Australia
Kerry Anne Wells[22]
20
5 ft 11 in (180 cm)
Perth
July 29, 1972

1973
 Philippines
Margarita Moran[23]
19
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Manila
July 21, 1973

1974
 Spain
Amparo Muñoz[B][24]
20
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Málaga
July 19, 1974

1975
 Finland
Anne Marie Pohtamo[25]
19
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Helsinki
July 19, 1975

1976
 Israel
Rina Messinger[26]
20
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Kiryat Tiv'on
July 11, 1976

1977
 Trinidad and Tobago
Janelle Commissiong[27]
24
5 ft 5 in (165 cm)
Port of Spain
July 16, 1977

1978
 South Africa
Margaret Gardiner[28]
18
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Cape Town
July 24, 1978

1979
 Venezuela
Maritza Sayalero[29]
18
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Caracas
July 20, 1979

1980
 United States
Shawn Weatherly[30]
20
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Sumter
July 08, 1980

1981
 Venezuela
Irene Sáez[31]
19
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Caracas
July 20, 1981

1982
 Canada
Karen Dianne Baldwin[32]
18
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
London
July 26, 1982

1983
 New Zealand
Lorraine Downes[33]
19
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Auckland
July 11, 1983

1984
 Sweden
Yvonne Ryding[34]
21
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Eskilstuna
July 09, 1984

1985
 Puerto Rico
Deborah Carthy-Deu[35]
19
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
San Juan
July 15, 1985

1986
 Venezuela
Bárbara Palacios[36]
22
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Caracas
July 21, 1986

1987
 Chile
Cecilia Bolocco[37]
22
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Santiago
May 27, 1987

1988
 Thailand
Porntip Nakhirunkanok[38]
20
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Bangkok
May 24, 1988

1989
 Netherlands
Angela Visser[39]
22
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Rotterdam
May 23, 1989

1990
 Norway
Mona Grudt[40]
19
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Trondheim
April 15, 1990

1991
 Mexico
Lupita Jones[41]
23
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Mexicali
May 17, 1991

1992
 Namibia
Michelle McLean[42]
19
6 ft 0 in (183 cm)
Windhoek
May 8, 1992

1993
 Puerto Rico
Dayanara Torres[43]
18
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Toa Alta
May 21, 1993

1994
 India
Sushmita Sen[44]
18
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
New Delhi
May 21, 1994

1995
 United States
Chelsi Smith[45]
21
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Deer Park
May 12, 1995

1996
 Venezuela
Alicia Machado[46]
19
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Maracay
May 17, 1996

1997
 United States
Brook Lee[47]
26
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Pearl City
May 16, 1997

1998
 Trinidad and Tobago
Wendy Fitzwilliam[48]
25
6 ft 0 in (183 cm)
Diego Martin
May 12, 1998

1999
 Botswana
Mpule Kwelagobe
19
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Gaborone
May 26, 1999

2000
 India
Lara Dutta[49]
22
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Mumbai
May 12, 2000

2001
 Puerto Rico
Denise Quiñones[50]
20
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Lares
May 11, 2001

2002
 Russia
Oxana Fedorova (Dethroned)
24
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Pskov
May 29, 2002

 Panama
Justine Pasek (Succeeded)[D][51]
23
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Panama City
September 24, 2002

2003
 Dominican Republic
Amelia Vega[52]
18
6 ft 2 in (188 cm)
Santiago de los Caballeros
June 03, 2003

2004
 Australia
Jennifer Hawkins[53]
20
5 ft 11 in (180 cm)
Newcastle
June 01, 2004

2005
 Canada
Natalie Glebova[54]
23
5 ft 11 in (180 cm)
Toronto
May 31, 2005

2006
 Puerto Rico
Zuleyka Rivera[55]
18
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Salinas
July 23, 2006

2007
 Japan
Riyo Mori[56]
20
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Shizuoka
May 28, 2007

2008
 Venezuela
Dayana Mendoza[57]
22
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Caracas
July 14, 2008

2009
Stefanía Fernández[58]
18
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Mérida
August 23, 2009

2010
 Mexico
Ximena Navarrete[59]
22
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Guadalajara
August 23, 2010

2011
 Angola
Leila Lopes[60]
25
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Benguela
September 12, 2011

2012
 United States
Olivia Culpo[61]
20
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Cranston
December 19, 2012

2013
 Venezuela
Gabriela Isler
25
5 ft 10 in (178 cm)
Valencia
November 09, 2013

2014
 Colombia
Paulina Vega
22
5 ft 9 in (175 cm)
Barranquilla
January 25, 2015

2015
 Philippines
Pia Wurtzbach
26
5 ft 6 in (168 cm)
Cagayan de Oro
December 20, 2015

2016
 France
Iris Mittenaere[62]
24
5 ft 8 in (173 cm)
Lille
January 29, 2017

2017
 South Africa
Demi-Leigh Nel-Peters
22
5 ft 7 in (170 cm)
Sedgefield
November 26, 2017

tag: table

text: Gallery of winners[edit]

text:
Miss Universe 2016
Iris Mittenaere
France

Miss Universe 2015
Pia Wurtzbach
Philippines

Miss Universe 2014
Paulina Vega
Colombia

Miss Universe 2013
Gabriela Isler
Venezuela

Miss Universe 2012
Olivia Culpo
United States

Miss Universe 2011
Leila Lopes
Angola

Miss Universe 2010
Ximena Navarrete
Mexico

Miss Universe 2009
Stefanía Fernández,
Venezuela

Miss Universe 2008
Dayana Mendoza,
Venezuela

Miss Universe 2007
Riyo Mori,
Japan

Miss Universe 2006
Zuleyka Rivera,
Puerto Rico

Miss Universe 2005
Natalie Glebova,
Canada

Miss Universe 2004
Jennifer Hawkins
Australia

Miss Universe 2003
Amelia Vega,
Dominican Republic

Miss Universe 2002
Justine Pasek,
Panama

Miss Universe 2001
Denise Quiñones,
Puerto Rico

Miss Universe 2000
Lara Dutta,
India

Miss Universe 1999
Mpule Kwelagobe,
Botswana

Miss Universe 1997
Brook Lee,
United States

Miss Universe 1994
Sushmita Sen,
India

Miss Universe 1993
Dayanara Torres,
Puerto Rico

Miss Universe 1991
Lupita Jones,
México

Miss Universe 1989
Angela Visser, Netherlands

Miss Universe 1987
Cecilia Bolocco, Chile

Miss Universe 1984
Yvonne Ryding, Sweden

Miss Universe 1980
Shawn Weatherly, United States

Miss Universe 1977
Janelle Commissiong, Trinidad and Tobago

Miss Universe 1976
Rina Mor, Israel

Miss Universe 1967
Sylvia Hitchcock, United States

Miss Universe 1956
Carol Morris, United States

Miss Universe 1953
Christiane Martel, France

Miss Universe 1952
Armi Kuusela, Finland

tag: ul

text: Countries/Territory by winning the title[edit]

text:
Country/Territory
Titles
Year(s)

 United States
8
1954, 1956, 1960, 1967, 1980, 1995, 1997, 2012

 Venezuela
7
1979, 1981, 1986, 1996, 2008, 2009, 2013

 Puerto Rico
5
1970, 1985, 1993, 2001, 2006

 Philippines
3
1969, 1973, 2015

 Sweden
1955, 1966, 1984

 South Africa
2
1978, 2017

 France
1953, 2016

 Colombia
1958, 2014

 Mexico
1991, 2010

 Japan
1959, 2007

 Canada
1982, 2005

 Australia
1972, 2004

 India
1994, 2000

 Trinidad and Tobago
1977, 1998

 Thailand
1965, 1988

 Finland
1952, 1975

 Brazil
1963, 1968

 Angola
1
2011

 Dominican Republic
2003

 Panama
2002[B]

 Russia
2002[A]

 Botswana
1999

 Namibia
1992

 Norway
1990

 Netherlands
1989

 Chile
1987

 New Zealand
1983

 Israel
1976

 Spain
1974

 Lebanon
1971

 Greece
1964

 Argentina
1962

 Germany
1961

 Peru
1957

text:
Notes
A Resigned
B Took over title

tag: p


document_title: Money bill

question_text: who certifies a bill to be a money bill in india

text: Money bill

text: Conventions[edit]

text: It is often a constitutional convention that the upper house may not block a money bill. There is often another requirement that non-money bill-type clauses may not be attached to a money bill. The rationale behind this convention is that the upper house, being appointed or indirectly elected, should not have any right to decide on taxation and public expenditure-related policies as may be framed by the directly elected representatives of the lower house. Therefore, money bills are an exception to the general rule that for a bill to be enacted into a law, it has to be approved by both Houses of the Parliament—the lower house and the upper house.[1]

text: Loss of supply in the lower house is conventionally considered to be an expression of the house's loss of confidence in the government resulting in the government's fall.

text: Requirements in Westminster systems[edit]

text: Australia[edit]

text: A supply bill in the Australian System is required to pass the House of Representatives, the Senate and be signed by the Governor-General. The Senate has no power or ability to introduce or modify a supply bill, but has the ability to block or defer the passing of a supply bill. The most famous instance where supply was blocked was during the 1975 constitutional crisis. This has resulted in agreements between political parties to prevent the blockage of supply bills through the Senate.

text: Bangladesh[edit]

text: A money bill is specifically defined by Article 81 of the Constitution of Bangladesh. The President of Bangladesh can send back all bills passed by the Parliament for a review except a money bill. However, a money bill can be introduced to the Parliament only at the President's recommendation. Additionally, tax can only be levied by the Parliament.[2]

text: India[edit]

text: Procedure for a Money Bill:

text:
Money Bills can be introduced only in Lok Sabha (the directly elected 'people's house' of the Indian Parliament).
Money bills passed by the Lok Sabha are sent to the Rajya Sabha (the upper house of parliament, elected by the state and territorial legislatures or appointed by the president). The Rajya Sabha may not amend money bills but can recommend amendments. To make sure that Rajya Sabha doesn't amend the bill by adding some non-money matters (known as Financial Bill), the Speaker of the Lok Sabha certifies the bill as a money bill before sending it to the upper house, and the decision of the Speaker is binding on both the Houses.[3] A money bill must be returned to the Lok Sabha within 14 days, or the bill is deemed to have passed both houses in the form it was originally passed by the Lok Sabha.
When a Money Bill is returned to the Lok Sabha with the recommended amendments of the Rajya Sabha, it is open to the Lok Sabha to accept or reject any or all of the recommendations.
A money bill is deemed to have passed both houses with any recommended amendments the Lok Sabha chooses to accept, and without any that it chooses to decline.
The definition of "Money Bill" is given in Article 110 of the Constitution of India. A financial bill is not a Money Bill unless it fulfills the requirements of Article 110.
The Speaker of the Lok Sabha certifies if a financial bill is a Money Bill or not.[4]
Policy cut motion - disapproval of the given policy. Symbolically, the members demand that the amount of the demand be reduced to 1 INR. They may also suggest an alternative policy.
Economy cut motion - it is demanded that the amount of the policy be reduced by a specified amount.
Token cut motion - used to show specific grievance against the government. Also states that the amount of the demand be reduced by Rs. 100.
A money bill can only be introduced in parliament with prior permission of the President of India.
Finance bill is supposed to be enacted within 75 days (including the Parliament voting and the President assenting).
Money bill cannot be returned by the President to the parliament for its reconsideration, as it is presented in the Lok Sabha with his permission.

tag: ol

text: The concept of money bills in India came to the forefront during the enactment of the Aadhar Act, 2016. In spite of resistance by the opposition, the Aadhaar Bill was certified as a ‘money bill’ by the Speaker of the Lower House. The Upper House proposed certain amendments, but ultimately the BJP-dominated Lower House rejected the amendments suggested by the Upper House and unilaterally enacted the Aadhar Act, 2016. Immediately thereafter, Jairam Ramesh, a senior Congress leader, challenged the speaker’s decision to treat the Aadhar Bill as a ‘money bill’ before the Supreme Court of India. Article 110(3) of the Constitution of India categorically states that 'if any question arises whether a Bill is a Money Bill or not, the decision of the Speaker of the House of the People thereon shall be final'. Therefore, one of the prime constitutional questions before the Supreme Court is whether it can review the speaker’s certificate classifying a bill as a ‘money bill’. In three prior cases, the Supreme Court of India has refused to review the Speaker's certificate. However, some commentators have argued that the Court's earlier judgements were incorrect and Article 110(3) made the Speaker’s decision "final" for the purpose of the two Houses of the Parliament, not for the Supreme Court of India.[5] This argument is further supported by the fact that in Kihoto Hollohan vs Zachillhu (AIR 1993 SC 412), the "final" decision of the speaker regarding disqualification of members of the House under the Tenth Schedule of the Indian Constitution was held to be a judicial decision subject to judicial review. This suggests that the "final" status given by the Indian constitution does not automatically immune the Indian speaker's decision or certificate from judicial review.[6] In view of this crucial constitutional question, it has been suggested that the Supreme Court in Jairam Ramesh v. Union of India should create a constitution bench of at least nine judges to settle the law on this issue.[7]

text: Republic of Ireland[edit]

text: In the Republic of Ireland, the Senate may not delay a money bill more than 21 days. The President of Ireland may not refuse to sign a money bill and may not refer such a bill to the Supreme Court to test its constitutionality. Procedures exist for resolution of disputes as to whether a Bill is a money bill. Since the 1922 constitution (as amended by the Constitution (Amendment No. 12) Act 1930) and under the 1937 constitution, such disputes can be resolved by a committee on privileges.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, section 1(1) of the Parliament Act 1911 provides that the House of Lords may not delay a money bill more than a month. It is at the discretion of the Speaker of the House of Commons to certify which bills are money bills, and his decision is final and is not subject to challenge. Section 1(2) of the Act states:

text: A Money Bill means a Public Bill which in the opinion of the Speaker of the House of Commons contains only provisions dealing with all or any of the following subjects, namely, the imposition, repeal, remission, alteration, or regulation of taxation; the imposition for the payment of debt or other financial purposes of charges on the Consolidated Fund, the National Loans Fund or on money provided by Parliament, or the variation or repeal of any such charges; supply; the appropriation, receipt, custody, issue or audit of accounts of public money; the raising or guarantee of any loan or the repayment thereof; or subordinate matters incidental to those subjects or any of them. In this subsection the expressions "taxation," "public money," and "loan" respectively do not include any taxation, money, or loan raised by local authorities or bodies for local purposes.[8]

text: The Parliament Act 1911 was the product of the political crisis of 1909. The People's Budget of 1909 proposed by the House of Commons was rejected by the House of Lords. A government whose budget (that is the Finance Bill) is rejected can only resign or dissolve Parliament, because without money it is impossible to govern. The rejection of the Finance Bill in 1909 by the Lords prompted the then British government to initiate steps to curtail the powers of the House of Lords in this regard. This is evident from the Preamble of the 1911 Act which states: "An Act to make provision with respect to the powers of the House of Lords in relation to those of the House of Commons ...".[9]

text: The reference to the National Loans Fund was inserted on 1 April 1968[10] by section 1(5) of the National Loans Act 1968.

text: For this purpose, the expression "Public Bill" does not include any Bill for confirming a Provisional Order.

text: Bradley and Ewing said that the statutory definition of Money Bill is "strictly interpreted".[11] Most annual Finance Bills have not been certified to be Money Bills.[12][13][14]

text: Requirements in non-Westminster systems[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: While the United States of America is not a parliamentary democracy, the Origination Clause of the U.S. Constitution requires that all bills raising revenue originate in the House of Representatives, consistent with British constitutional practice; by convention, appropriation bills (bills that spend money) also originate in the House. Unlike in most Westminster systems, there are no limits on the Senate's ability to amend revenue bills or any requirement for the Senate to approve such bills within a certain timeframe. Both appropriations and revenue bills are often referred to as money bills to contrast them with authorization bills. The U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Munoz-Flores (1990) held that: "A law passed in violation of the Origination Clause would thus be no more immune from judicial scrutiny because it was passed by both Houses and signed by the President than would be a law passed in violation of the First Amendment".[15]


document_title: Matthew 6:28

question_text: who wrote consider the lilies of the field

text: Matthew 6:28

text: Matthew 6:28 is the twenty-eighth verse of the sixth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse continues the discussion of worry about material provisions.

text: In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:

text: The World English Bible translates the passage as:

text: Two verses earlier at Matthew 6:26 Jesus told his followers not to worry about food, because even the birds are provided for by God. In this verse Jesus presents the example of the lilies, who also do no labour. Spin in this verse is a reference to spinning thread, a labour-intensive but necessary part of making clothing. Spinning was traditionally women's work, something made explicit in Luke's version of this verse. This then is one of the few pieces of evidence that Jesus' message is meant equally for women as for men.[1]

text: Many varieties of flowers grow wildly and abundantly in Galilee. The translation of lilies is traditional, but far from certain. Modern scholars have proposed a number of different flowers that Jesus could be here referring to, according to Fowler these include the autumn crocus, scarlet poppy, Turk's cap lily, Anemone coronaria, the narcissus, the gladiolus, and the iris.[2] France notes that flowers were less specifically defined in that era, and lily could be a word referring to any showy variety.[3] The verse could also just mean flowers in general, rather than a specific variety. "In the field" implies that these are the wildflowers growing in the fields, rather than the cultivated ones growing in gardens. Harrington notes that some have read this verse as originally referring to beasts rather than flowers.[4]

text: This verse is quite a well known one, appearing frequently in art and literature. Keats' "Ode on Indolence" quotes it. P.G. Wodehouse humorously uses the phrase "lilies of the field" to refer to the idle rich who do no labour. Other writers such as Edith Wharton and A.M. Klein have also directed the phrase at the rich and idle. There is also a famous movie by this name.[5]

text: Cultural references[edit]

text:
In the 1963 feature film Lilies of the Field Sidney Poitier's character, Homer Smith, tries to persuade the mother superior to pay him by quoting Luke 10:7, "The laborer is worthy of his hire." Mother Maria Marthe (Lilia Skala, called "Mother Maria"), responds by asking him to read another Bible verse from the Sermon on the Mount: "Consider the lilies of the field, how they grow; they toil not, neither do they spin. And yet I say unto you that even Solomon in all his glory was not arrayed like one of these.”
In The Trouble With Tribbles, the 44th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek (episode first aired December 29, 1967), Mr. Spock, referring to the tribbles, which were small furry un-sentient creatures that did nothing but eat and procreate, says "They remind me of the lilies of the field. They toil not, neither do they spin. But they seem to eat a great deal. I see no practical use for them."
In Ray Bradbury's Fahrenheit 451, Guy Montag attempted to memorize this verse while on a subway. He was unsuccessful due to the loud advertisements for Denham's Dentifrice.


document_title: in Death characters

question_text: when does eve tells peabody about her past

question_tokens: when does eve tells peabody about her past

text: in Death characters

text: Major characters[edit]

text: Consists of characters that typically appear in every book, whether their role be large or small, and are part of Eve's immediate circle of acquaintances. Characters are in order of appearance.

text: Eve Dallas[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Eve Dallas is the main character of the In Death novels. Eve was found in an alley in Dallas, Texas. She was estimated to be eight years old. She had a broken arm, was covered in old blood, and had no memory. Unable to remember anything at all, her social worker named her and put Eve into a foster home, the beginning of Eve's life in the system. After reaching the age of majority, she has a big desire to move to New York City where she hopes to become a police officer. The dates of all her promotions are not specific, but it is mentioned that she became a detective, second grade in early 2051, and eventually, by the start of the series, is lieutenant in the Homicide squad.

text: Throughout the series, her memories return, mostly through a series of nightmares, revealing a history of incestual rape and patricide with her father, Richard Troy. It is revealed that he was raising her to prostitute her to child molesters. Her mother, Stella, was a prostitute and a drug addict and was occasionally beaten and raped by Troy, but hated her daughter. Eve finds out more about Stella in book 34, New York to Dallas.

text: It was implied that since Eve had lost her memory, she had forgotten her name, as well, but it is eventually revealed in Reunion in Death that the reason Eve cannot remember her name is because her parents never gave her one. The fact that no one in Dallas could track down her ID indicates one of two things: that either Homeland Security interfered and deleted her data,[1] or that her parents never had her registered in the first place. For all intents and purposes, Eve did not exist in any records before she was eight years old.

text: After her relationship and subsequent marriage to Roarke, Eve is a much happier and, to some extent, calmer person; she is more willing to work with and depend on other people. They celebrate their one-year anniversary in Reunion in Death, in July 2059. Eve's relationship with Roarke is central to the series and her character. Eve's official residence is 222 Central Park West, New York, N.Y., with Roarke.

text: Captain Ryan Feeney[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Eve's former partner and the man who trained her, picking her up as an officer after finding her working a crime scene. He no longer works Homicide, but is instead the captain of the Electronics Detection Division (EDD).

text: Feeney is an apparently relaxed man who likes to dress a bit messily and loves his electronics; that said, he is a dedicated cop who is apparently a good husband to his wife, Sheila. They have several children and grandchildren. He is often seen eating a bag of candied nuts, which he may offer to Eve when they are deep in conversation about a case.

text: His former partner, DS Wojinsky and Wojinsky's granddaughter, Feeney's god-daughter, are murdered in Ceremony in Death. Eve is the primary investigator, which causes friction between her and Feeney during the course of the book. Feeney fights with and temporarily breaks the relationship between himself and Eve; however, Roarke intervenes and tells Feeney that the man who raped Eve as a child was her own father, and that since Eve and Feeney met, Feeney has been her true father figure, although neither of them would ever discuss this with the other.

text: As Eve's trainer and former partner for years, there are a great deal of Eve's personal and professional habits that mimic Feeney's. Roarke has observed on several occasions (in Divided in Death and others) that Eve really is just like Feeney.

text: Feeney is one of the few who knows that Homeland Security covered up Richard Troy's death by his daughter's hand.

text: Mavis Freestone[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Mavis is Eve's best and first real friend. The two met when Eve was an officer. Since Eve was promoted to Detective when she was twenty-three, they met sometime between 2046 and 2051. Eve arrested her for being a con artist - several times - and the two ended up becoming friends. Eve often describes her as "pixie-like". Mavis is described as a tiny, pale woman (in contrast to her husband, Leonardo who is large and copper-coloured). Unless Mavis is upset, she radically changes her appearance daily, sporting different lengths, styles, and colors of hair with often matching or contrasting eye color. She is often described wearing jewel colors, and bouncing around. Her favorite expressions are "mag" as in 'magnificent', "iced" or "frosty" as in "cool" or "ult" as in "ultimate". She tends to expand or riff on these when she is excited.

text: Mavis is originally a singer in a club called the Blue Squirrel: it's a very low-class club where Mavis typically performed half-naked. Throughout the books, Mavis eventually gets a recording deal (she actually is quite talented) through one of Roarke's recording companies, and becomes a hugely popular music and vid star.

text: She has an almost innocent personality which belies the very real street knowledge she possesses; she is also very loyal to Eve, wanting nothing but the best for her, and always knows what Eve needs. She knows about Eve's past, but it is not clear if she knows that Eve killed her father. Nevertheless, Mavis would probably agree with the course of action.

text: Mavis tells Eve she is pregnant with Leonardo's baby in Purity in Death; she marries him in the delivery room during Born in Death. Summerset gives her away and offers his wife's ring, which he wore on a chain around his neck, until they can find another ring. Shortly afterwards, with Leonardo, Roarke and Eve as her coaches, Mavis gives birth to a baby girl, named Bella Eve, who is more often referred to as Belle.

text: Lawrence Charles Summerset[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: He is technically Roarke's majordomo, who runs Roarke's house. In practice, he is Roarke's most trusted friend, after Eve. He used to go by the name 'Basil Kolchek' back in Ireland in the 2030s. His wife, and daughter Marlena, are both dead when the series begins. During the series' fictional "Urban Wars", a time of urban unrest, Summerset served as a medical aide, also working with the title doctor from Origin in Death.

text: When Roarke was ten, he met Summerset and Marlena, then aged eight. They ran cons together; shortly after, Summerset found Roarke half-beaten to death in an alley (by Patrick Roarke, his father); he saved him and nursed him back to health.[2] Roarke mentions (somewhat conflictingly) later that he thought Summerset was a mark and tried to steal from him, but as Roarke said, Summerset "dissuaded him of that notion".[3]

text: Shortly thereafter, Patrick Roarke turned up dead in an alley, stabbed in the throat and robbed of all money and valuables - supposedly a victim of a mugging. It was a surprisingly innocuous death for a very dangerous man, and Eve realizes in Portrait in Death that it is Summerset who in fact killed Patrick. Summerset says that he did it because he had "children to protect."[4] Roarke does not know as of Celebrity in Death and neither Eve nor Summerset see any reason to tell him.

text: When Roarke was sixteen, he was running a small gambling ring. His competitors wanted him gone and having failed to warn him off, they figured that the best way to deliver the message was through Marlena, Summerset's daughter, then aged fourteen. The six men raped, murdered, and mutilated Marlena, and then dumped her corpse on Summerset's doorstep. In revenge, Roarke hunted down and killed those six men over the next decade. These acts form the basis for the plot in Vengeance in Death. When he comes to the U.S., he brings Summerset with him, asking Summerset to become his home's majordomo. In reality, Roarke thinks of Summerset as a father.

text: Despite having Roarke in common, Eve and Summerset spend the majority of the series at odds, each having personality traits that chafe against the other. In Vengeance in Death, Eve realizes why Summerset does not like her. She tells him that she has realised that he always wanted someone like Marlena for Roarke, a sweet and innocent young girl - something Eve has never been. Summerset had not realized the basis of his dislike, and is guilt-stricken over it. In the finale of Vengeance in Death, Eve takes a hit from stunner meant for Summerset.

text: The overtly adversarial relationship between Eve and Summerset gradually evolves into a matter of course: she often relieves her work-related stress by insulting him; she throws her jacket on the newel post at the foot of the main staircase because she knows it annoys him, and because he expects her to do so. In Conspiracy in Death, it becomes clear that Summerset is merely fulfilling the role of adversary, but has genuine concern for Eve's well-being and grades her states of mind based on the quality of her insults towards him. The heart "she didn't know he had" squeezes in empathy for her situation: he tells her that she is late for dinner simply to put the thought of food into her mind (he knows she would have forgotten otherwise), and when a pallid and depressed Eve, soaked from walking in the snow, gives a lethargic apology to one of his particularly withering comments, he goes to Roarke and says, "I insulted her and she...apologized. Something must be done."

text: On several occasions, the two have had meaningful conversations over their only common interest: Roarke. In Innocent in Death, Summerset fully supports Eve in her dispute with Roarke over Roarke's ex-lover, telling Eve that even though he doesn't like her superficial inability to be a 'social fixture' for someone of Roarke's position, he truly understands that Eve is the one for Roarke because she genuinely loves him and has demonstrated that by repeatedly putting herself in harm's way to protect him, and by unwittingly helping Roarke make his mansion a proper home which includes things like Christmas traditions and frequent meetings of Eve's investigative teams. Summerset's respect for Eve's job is also demonstrated in subtle ways as well, particularly in Origin in Death when he subtly hints how she made history by stopping her adversaries in a high-profile case.

text: Summerset is very fond of Mavis and tends to cater to whatever she wants on her visits: he treats her very affectionately. This may be some indication that Mavis reminds him of Marlena. He gives Mavis away at her wedding, and loans her his own wife's ring, a further indication of a paternal feeling for Mavis, and has also babysat Belle, Mavis's daughter, on several occasions. He also shows affection and great concern for Peabody and McNab when they have been injured in the line of duty.

text: Commander Jack Whitney[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Eve's police commander; her immediate superior, since the NYPSD Homicide department oddly enough does not have a captain. He is one of the few characters in the series, along with the Chief of the NYPSD, Tibble, who is identified as black. Eve respects him greatly.

text: Whitney is a solid, excellent police officer, and for the most part is always on Eve's side. He recognizes that she is an excellent cop; if it weren't for the fact that Eve prefers being on the street, he would have promoted her to captain himself. However, that and the fact that other high-ranking members of the police force frown on her marriage to Roarke have made the promotion more difficult, something he does not agree with.

text: He does not aspire to higher political positions than the one he has (it is stated in Glory in Death that he was offered the role of Chief of Police but elected to remain Commander of Cop Central); he also has been a cop as long as Feeney has, and the two were apparently in uniform together (covered in Ceremony in Death).

text: He has at least one daughter (a lawyer) with his wife, Anna Whitney, and endures stoically the parties his wife loves throwing. He also states in Reunion in Death that he has more than one son as well as grandchildren in another book.

text: In Glory in Death, the victim was a good friend of his, a prosecutor back from when he was on the streets. Because the prime suspects are the victim's family, he is very uncomfortable with the case and subsequently oversteps his boundaries, damaging his relationship with Eve. The relationship is still shaky in Immortal in Death. However, when he finds out that Eve killed her father while he was raping her, he immediately tells Eve that their police department will not open the matter, effectively shutting down the possibility of Eve being indicted for causing Troy's death. He also knows that Homeland Security left Eve to be raped by Richard Troy, and subsequently kill him.

text: Surprising Eve, he gets along very well with Roarke and the two have, on rare occasions, smoked and drunk together.

text: Nadine Furst[edit]

text:
First Appearance: Naked in Death
Channel 75 news reporter, on the crime beat.

text: Nadine is one of the intended victims of the murderer in Glory in Death, but is saved by Eve, who is the primary investigator on the case. She is an extremely ambitious reporter, but an ethical one; she will always protect her source (in these books, the source is often Eve) and follows her cases thoroughly. The transactions between Nadine and Eve are usually the same: when Eve is in the early stages of investigating a case, Nadine will call her repeatedly, asking for information. Eve usually responds (or calls back) on the third or fourth call and gives Nadine a few key pieces of information. Nadine will then bribe her way into Eve's office, using baked goods and sweets, such as fudge, doughnuts and chocolate brownies. From there, Eve expects Nadine to do some more digging (which she does more quickly and/or effectively than the police), return the facts to Eve, and ultimately be rewarded with an exclusive interview when the case breaks.

text: When Eve's badge is taken away from her in Conspiracy in Death, Nadine rallies to the cause with a bombardment of news clips and stories, spinning a story about a heroic cop's badge having been unjustly taken away. She and Eve are good friends, and the only reporter Eve truly trusts to properly deliver select media information. They have since become friends, and Nadine attended Eve's bachelorette party in a down-market sex club, The Down and Dirty, where Nadine did a half-naked dance for the crowd.

text: Nadine acquires her own TV show, Now!, in Memory in Death as a direct result of the story Eve fed her in Origin in Death, because the case about human cloning garnered Nadine immense publicity worldwide. Nadine writes a book about the case, The Icove Agenda. The book is later made into a "vid" (Robb's futuristic terminology for a motion picture), which forms the background to the plot of Celebrity in Death. Nadine teasingly asks Eve (but half-seriously) if they can film some of the Now interviews at Eve's house, to which she answers emphatically no. That said, Eve makes an appearance on the show (with Roarke watching from off-camera) in Innocent in Death, where she is interviewed about the Icove case.

text: As befits a high-profile TV reporter, Nadine is a sharp dresser, a fact Eve (who is bemused about why others pay such attention to their personal appearances) finds odd. Eve often observes throughout the series that Nadine wears high heels, which Nadine says she wears to make her legs look good.

text: Dr. Charlotte Mira[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Mira is the resident psychiatrist and profiler for the NYPSD; Eve comments in Naked in Death that she could have opened a much more profitable private practice, but Charlotte wanted to work with the police.

text: Charlotte tells Eve that she was raped as a child by her stepfather, when she was twelve, and the rapes went on for several years before she finally admitted it. Her mother divorced her stepfather and after counselling, remarried Charlotte's birth father, and her parents are happy to this day.

text: Charlotte has several children with her husband, Dennis Mira, and has grandchildren as well. She is a pretty and feminine woman whom Eve often consults on her cases. These consultations typically take place in Mira's office where Mira and Eve discuss the case and suspect profile over flowery tea. Eve, who prefers coffee, puts up with the tea because she is fond of Mira.

text: Eve loves Charlotte very much but has not admitted it to her face; nevertheless, Charlotte knows. Charlotte thinks of Eve as a daughter, a fact which annoyed Mira's own daughter at one point, and throughout the series has gotten Eve to open up to her more and more.

text: Charlotte knows all about Eve's life: her rapes as a child, her killing of her father in self-defense, her subsequent foster care, subsequent time spent in juvenile detention, her reasons for being a police officer, and her life with Roarke. Charlotte is also one of the few that knows that Homeland Security had a hand in covering up Eve's father's death.

text: Charlotte and Eve experienced some conflict of interest in Origin in Death, since Charlotte was friends with the true villain of the book and deeply disturbed by the man's experiments with human lives.

text: Officer (Detective) Delia Peabody[edit]

text:
First Appearance: Glory in Death
Temporary aide in Glory and Immortal in Death
Permanent aide: from Rapture in Death through to Imitation
Partner: Promotion to Detective, third grade in Imitation in Death

text: Although her first name is Delia, she is referred to by her surname 'Peabody' throughout the books, as is standard for other police officers.

text: Peabody comes from a family of "Free-Agers", which is a fictional extension of the New Age movement from the 1980s. Her family is very peaceful and pacifistic, but Delia prefers exercising justice her way - the police way. She is a very responsible and sober police officer, but as the books continue, her personality relaxes and she is more confident in her cases and in teasing Eve, particularly about her sex life with McNab and her sexual fantasies.

text: Peabody has a very close relationship with the heroine of the book, Eve. Upon being requested to be Eve's aide at the start of the series, Peabody was incredibly grateful for the opportunity as she had studied Eve's cases in the Police Academy and idolizes her. Their relationship grows over time, beyond mentor-mentee to deep friendship. It is for this reason that Eve tells Peabody about her childhood and subsequent act of patricide in Visions in Death.

text: She dates Charles Monroe for a little while starting in Holiday in Death, but she quickly realizes that she thinks of him as a brother. Nevertheless, they continue to spend time together, with many assuming they are in a sexual relationship.

text: Ian McNab is Peabody's lover and later in the series, her co-hab; she meets and clashes with him in his introduction during Vengeance in Death. They start a sexual relationship in Loyalty in Death, with McNab still under the impression that she is also sleeping with Charles. After an argument fuelled by McNab's jealousy, their relationship ends in Betrayal in Death as Peabody is unaware that his rage was due to the fact that he has genuine romantic feelings for her. However, they officially start dating in Seduction in Death. He meets her parents in Reunion in Death, move in together and sign a lease in Visions in Death. She also visits his family in Scotland during Christmas in Memory in Death. Peabody is very happy with him, but as she states to Eve once, she's fine living with him - marriage is very far off.

text: McNab frequently refers to Peabody as "She-Body", but Peabody herself worries about her weight and, in particular, about the size of her ass.

text: Detective Ian McNab[edit]

text: First Appearance: Vengeance in Death

text: Of a Scottish background, Ian is a detective in Feeney's Electronics Detection Division. He is particularly good with computers (though not as good as Roarke). Ian is also a very flashy dresser, wearing bright, spangly clothes and earrings who, in Eve's words, "prances" rather than walks. Feeney describes him as a known candy thief, and he has been caught at least once pilfering candy bars from Eve's office.

text: His relationship with Delia Peabody begins as a rocky one. At first he infuriates her, and they have exchanges much like bickering children. He repeatedly calls her "She-Body", which she finds annoying. That said, their bickering masks a deep attraction which they finally act upon. They begin to date at the same time as Peabody is dating Charles Monroe. Unaware that Delia is not actually sleeping with Charles Monroe, Ian is incredibly jealous. His jealousy peaks in Betrayal in Death, and he fights with Peabody and breaks off his relationship with her. The two are subsequently miserable for several books. After having a fight with Charles Monroe, however, in Seduction in Death, he gets back together with her. Eventually, in Visions in Death, Peabody tells him the true nature of her relationship with Monroe.

text: In Purity in Death, Ian was temporarily paralyzed and tried to break up with Peabody to spare her being stuck with an invalid. She told him where he could put that idea and remained with him, his body waking up again shortly after. He then confessed that he loved her, not wanting to miss the chance to tell her again.

text: Delia does eventually tell him that she never had a romance with Charles, but not until Visions in Death, in which she enjoys Ian's suffering. They are living together by then, in the same building as Mavis and Leonardo, and have exchanged proclamations of love for each other.

text: Detective David Baxter[edit]

text: First Appearance: Vengeance in Death

text: Another detective from Eve's division, Homicide. A very able police officer, he begins making regular appearances in Conspiracy in Death. He was originally a member of the anti-crime division, but transferred over to Homicide well before his first appearance. He enjoys teasing Eve about anything he can, usually relating to her relationship with Roarke and associated changes; despite this teasing Roarke views Baxter as a solid cop and easygoing person. This did not, however, prevent a short altercation between Roarke and Baxter in Conspiracy in Death: when Baxter is responsible for interviewing Eve as a suspect in a homicide, Roarke punches him in the face. Whenever Eve has a fairly large team for a big investigation, she brings Baxter in. He is a bachelor and is described as being good looking; however, he has not been romantically tied to any particular person. Baxter enjoys playing the field. He is nicknamed "Horny Dog" by Eve and the other members of her unit.

text: In Purity in Death, Eve urges Baxter to take Trueheart under his supervision, meaning that Trueheart serves him the same way Delia did Eve. He admits in rare moments that he's very fond of Trueheart, often referring to him as "the kid" or "the boy." His capabilities as a good cop and trainer are demonstrated through Trueheart's sharpening skills.

text: Baxter (almost always referred to as such) is badly stunned in the end of Survivor in Death, but with no apparent lasting damage.

text: Chief Medical Examiner Li Morris[edit]

text: First Appearance: Rapture in Death

text: Chief Medical Examiner Morris is the medical examiner Eve requests on all of her high-priority cases. He is probably of mixed race background, as he is mentioned as having 'oddly exotic almond-shaped eyes', and sports a small tattoo of the Grim Reaper on his left pectoral. He is a snazzy dresser much like a rock star; he has a long black ponytail which he often ties back with fasteners that match his clothes. He plays the saxophone and sometimes plays gigs at various clubs. He listens to music while performing autopsies and calls Eve his prize pupil for her quick-witted deductions. He plays a major role in 2009's Promises in Death, as the victim of the central case is his girlfriend Detective Amaryllis Coltraine. Morris also reveals that he had an older brother named Jin, who died when he was a boy and whose death led to his choice of profession.

text: Minor characters[edit]

text: Consists of characters who typically play small roles and will go many books without occurring again; however, they may play larger roles on the rare occasion. Listed in order of appearance.

text: Charles Monroe[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Charles is a licensed companion (LC) who is good friends with the first victim of the series, another LC. Eve is friends with him, although she mostly disapproves of his profession - in turn, he doesn't approve of hers.

text: He starts dating Delia Peabody in Holiday in Death, but after a very short time they quickly become good friends. However, Delia doesn't tell anyone about their friendship and for several books, all other characters think they are in a sexual relationship.

text: In Seduction in Death, Charles Monroe meets Dr. Louise Dimatto and immediately falls in love with her. She has no problem with his profession and the two eventually move in together. Charles served as an informal sort of consultant in the same book.

text: In Strangers in Death, Charles decides to retire as an LC and instead decides to start a career as a sex therapist. He also asks Louise to marry him and she accepts. They marry in Kindred in Death in the grounds of Eve and Roarke's house, with Eve and Roarke as a bridal attendant and best man, respectively.

text: Galahad[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Eve's third victim in "Naked in Death" is the owner of a cat. As her family does not want to keep the cat, Eve takes him into custody. She keeps him in her apartment, without knowing his name. When the murderer of the book has Eve at gunpoint in her apartment, the cat brushes past his leg, distracting him and giving Eve the leverage she needs to fight back. Eve thus names the cat "Galahad", after the Arthurian knight, because he was her "knight in shining armor". He does something similar in New York to Dallas.

text: The cat is Eve's, Roarke's, and Summerset's pet: he is often fed by all of them and takes food as he pleases, and occasionally steals it if he can manage it. On occasion, Eve has had bad dreams from which she wakes up to find Galahad trying to wake and comfort her. On other occasions when Eve falls dead asleep, Galahad sits on her butt. When Nixie, the title character from Survivor in Death, stays at their home, she stays mostly with Galahad, as he comforts her. When Mavis brings Belle for a visit in Creation in Death, Galahad is scared of the baby.

text: Eve mentions later in Memory in Death that the cat has been neutered. The cat makes minor appearances in almost every book.

text: He is described as a fat, heavy and lazy gray cat with dual colored eyes, one green and one gold. Roarke gave Eve a stuffed toy which is a smaller replica of Galahad, because she had never had a doll. Galahad was initially unsure of it but now Eve has returned to the house to find that Galahad has been playing with the toy, a fact she finds slightly disturbing.

text: Anna Whitney[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death, but her first name is revealed in Glory in Death

text: Anna Whitney is the commander's wife; unlike her husband, she is white, although their interracial marriage has never been explicitly pointed out. They have several children together.

text: Anna mostly terrifies Eve because she is extremely put together, an extremely efficient hostess, and combined with her marriage to the commander, can highly intimidate Eve as well. That said, she is to all appearances a devoted wife and mother. In Glory, Eve finds out that she has given large amounts of cash to the top suspect because he was in gambling debt.

text: In Origin in Death, Commander Whitney specifically calls Eve because his wife has asked him to ask her to keep her plastic surgery details out of the case, a request with which Eve has no difficulty complying.

text: Anna Whitney however understands being a cop's wife and in several books, excels at supporting and comforting the spouses and families of cops who have been killed or have lost family members. In Kindred in Death she fulfills this role and also states that, whilst she finds Eve difficult and abrasive at times, she respects her abilities and would have used every influence she had with Commander Whitney to have Eve assigned to the investigation had the father of the victim not already requested her.

text: Caroline Ewing (Caro)[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Roarke's administrator, nicknamed Caro; she is his right hand at his company. She is the mother of Reva Ewing, a former United States Secret Service agent who took a hit for the President of the United States.

text: Caro is an extremely efficient and capable woman; the only time she asks Roarke for his help is in Divided in Death, when her daughter is framed for murder. Other than that, she serves as his assistant, appearing briefly in many of the books.

text: Richard and Elizabeth DeBlass[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Richard and Elizabeth DeBlass are lawyers, and Richard is the son of Senator Gerald DeBlass, who murdered their daughter, Sharon. Richard and Elizabeth were unaware that Sharon had been molested regularly as a child by her grandfather, nor did they know that Richard's sister had suffered similarly.

text: In Vengeance in Death, Eve is delivered a message from the killer via a very young boy with a cat, who is abused by his mother and spends his time out on the streets. Roarke finds this information out, and arranges with Child Protective Services for the boy to be placed with Richard and Elizabeth. They eventually adopt him.

text: They are seen again in Survivor in Death when Nixie Swisher's guardians refuse to take her in, following the deaths of Nixie's family and their daughter As Nixie's only remaining relatives are unsuitable or do not want to accept custody of her, Roarke and Eve again contact the DeBlasses, who come to talk to Nixie and then take her into their custody. They are accompanied by the little boy from Vengeance.

text: In Kindred in Death, Roarke reports that Nixie is settling in well. They return in Thankless in Death as guests at Thanksgiving and at Eve and Roarke's award ceremony, where Nixie tells Eve that she is thankful for her, as she found justice for her family.

text: Wilson Buckley (Crack)[edit]

text: First Appearance: Glory in Death

text: The owner and proprietor of a club known as the "Down and Dirty": it's an extremely dirty and grimy club, but illegal activity is somewhat low. His nickname comes from the sound that heads make when he rams them together. He becomes friends with Eve after initially mistaking her for a potential stripper. He is described as being very dark-skinned and large in stature, with a face that a mother would have trouble loving. He tends to favor a loincloth type dress, and silver clothing. After some initial meetings where she would pay him for information (in both Glory and Immortal), he occasionally helps her out by letting her have private meetings with other cops, informants, and Nadine Furst in his club's back rooms. He typically refers to her affectionately as "skinny white girl."

text: In Portrait in Death, his younger half-sister, a medical school student, is murdered; Eve takes him to the morgue to view her body, comforts him, and she and Roarke plant a tree for his sister in Central Park. After this, Crack says that she will never pay him for another favor again Origin in Death. Eve seems just as fond of him as he is of her, and invites him for Thanksgiving with her and Roarke.

text: Eve's bachelorette party is at Crack's club in Immortal in Death.

text: Chief Harrison Tibble[edit]

text: First Appearance: Glory in Death

text: The new Chief of Police in his first appearance, replacing Chief Simpson (who he referred to as a "corrupt, pie-faced fucker"), Tibble is a thirty-year veteran who rose through the ranks with Commander Whitney. A huge man, standing around 6"6' and weighing around 250lbs, he is well respected both by his officers and also by politicians and journalists. He implicitly trusts his contemporaries like Whitney and Feeney, and shares their opinion of Dallas. Eve respects and admires him, and also secretly admits to being a little afraid of him.

text: Leonardo[edit]

text: First Appearance: Immortal in Death

text: Leonardo is a famous clothing designer and Mavis's husband, marrying her in Born in Death shortly before she delivers their daughter, Bella Eve. He is an enormous man (6' 5" according to Immortal in Death), possesses Native American heritage, detests violence and is very peaceful. In Conspiracy in Death he is described as having the spirit of a seven-year-old boy on the first day of school. They currently live together in Eve's old apartment.

text: He designed Eve's wedding dress; Eve is very fond of him and approves of him as a good match for Mavis.

text: Trina[edit]

text: First Appearance: Immortal in Death

text: Trina is a beauty technician introduced as a friend of Mavis and Leonardo to assist with Eve's wedding preparations. She later promises Eve free consultations for the rest of her life when she clears Mavis of murder. The only consistent description of Trina is that she has impressive breasts, as much like Mavis she changes her appearance in almost every scene, never mind book. She appears to stand alongside Anna Whitney as one of the very few people Eve is scared of, as Trina considers Eve's hair to be "hers" once she's worked on it, and has more than once given Eve a temporary tattoo for cutting her own hair. Mavis and Peabody also take great delight in forcing Eve into treatments. Eve does accept that Trina always makes her look like herself, and has at times used her as an expert consultant with suspects who use disguises or enhancements. Trina's reputation is such that she works at high-profile fashion events, for Nadine Furst on her "Now" show and for Roarke at his high-end salon.

text: Chief Tech Dickie Berenski[edit]

text: First Appearance: Immortal in Death

text: Berenski, almost always referred to as "Dickhead" is the Chief Tech at the NYPSD's crime lab. He has an egg shaped head and thinning black hair as well as spider-like fingers. He is not above, and indeed often seems to expect, bribery in exchange for quick lab work. This, and his somewhat oily personality contribute to his unaffectionate nickname. Nonetheless he is highly respected for the quality of his work, and is fiercely loyal to his staff, a trait he shares with Eve. He appears, albeit briefly, in most books after his first appearance.

text: James (Jamie) Lingstrom[edit]

text: First Appearance: Ceremony in Death

text: Jamie shows up as the grandson and brother of one of the victims in the book; he's a teenager who attempts to break into Eve and Roarke's home in order to express to them his desire to find the truth about what happened to his family. His computer skills are such that he surprisingly passed over the highly secure perimeter and into the yard, though Roarke quickly catches him. Much to Roarke's annoyance, he sneaked over the garden wall with the help of a modified portable gaming system, one that Roarke in fact manufactures.

text: He hero-worships both Eve and Roarke. In the end of Ceremony in Death, Jamie kills the murderer of his sister with an athame; Eve takes the blame and pretends she did it in order to spare him from a murder trial.

text: In Purity in Death, Roarke brings him in as a technical assistant due to his very good computer and programming skills. He makes another appearance in Kindred in Death: he is now a university student who was good friends with one of the victims and offers Eve help where he can.

text: Brian Kelly[edit]

text: First Appearance: Vengeance in Death

text: Kelly is an old friend of Roarke's from his childhood and adolescence in Dublin. He and Roarke reconnect when Roarke returns to Ireland for the wake of one of the murder victims, and is now the owner of The Penny Pig, a pub that Roarke used to frequent. He still has connections with people that will no longer talk to Roarke now that he is married to a cop, and so is occasionally asked to unofficially assist with investigations. He is fond of embarrassing Roarke with stories from their past, and frequently tells Eve that he will be waiting for her when she comes to her senses and leaves Roarke.

text: Officer (Detective) Troy Trueheart[edit]

text: First Appearance: Conspiracy in Death

text: The most naive character in the series; like his name, he is a young, honest, innocent, and enthusiastic young officer (in Witness in Death he thanks Eve for giving him the mission of standing outside in the cold all night long). He has a single mother whom he loves very much, and who makes a brief appearance in Witness in Death when he is badly injured (by other police officers) while chasing a suspect. It is also mentioned in this book that he is twenty-two.

text: In Purity in Death, Trueheart is taken under by Baxter, who agrees to train him at Eve's request. In this same book, Trueheart discharges his stunner, which turns out to be the final step in killing a victim under attack by the villains of the novel. Trueheart is kidnapped in Portrait in Death by the murderer: he manages to stay conscious enough to give Eve and Baxter directions to his location.

text: Trueheart is well liked by virtually everyone—except, ironically, the officer with whom he was working when he was introduced (Ellen Bowers, one of the murder victims in Conspiracy in Death).

text: Trueheart takes and passes the Detective's test in Devoted in Death. The ceremony for the promotion is held in Brotherhood in Death.

text: Dr. Louise Dimatto[edit]

text: First Appearance: Conspiracy in Death

text: Louise is serving as a doctor in a clinic in the slums of Canal Street; she comes from a very rich family of important doctors, but rather than becoming an important doctor with a high salary, she works in the worst parts of NYC. Louise does have a trust that she lives on, and occasionally supplemented the clinic with her own cash.

text: She is a witness of sorts in Seduction in Death to a body being tossed off a balcony. In addition, she serves as an informal consultant and informer to Eve in this book, Reunion in Death, Origin in Death, and others; Eve also prefers her treatment to that of other doctors, so she treated Eve's wounds in Reunion.

text: Louise takes a large bribe from Eve for half a million to help her with the case. As Eve is not in possession of her badge at the time, the bribe is technically illegal. The half million is for Louise's clinic; Eve finds out in Seduction that Louise actually received three million, the other 2.5 being on condition that she contract her services to a women and children's abuse shelter, Dochas, founded by Roarke. Louise spends half her week there as of Portrait in Death.

text: Lieutenant Donald Webster[edit]

text: First Appearance: Conspiracy in Death

text: Webster is assigned to NYPSD Internal Affairs, and is one of Eve's former lovers. Although they only spent one night together, Webster never forgot about Eve, and retained a great deal of affection for her. This leads to an argument and fistfight with Roarke in Judgment in Death. Eve is baffled by Webster's feelings for her, and infuriated by both his and Roarke's actions. Later on Webster is seriously wounded protecting Eve, nearly dies, but recovers from his injuries. In the following books he appears to have come to terms with his feelings and is friendly with both Eve and Roarke. In Treachery in Death he happens to meet Chief Darcia Angelo, who is visiting from Roarke's off planet resort, Olympus. It is insinuated they intend to continue a relationship even after she returns home.

text: Despite some antagonism towards Webster due to his leaving the streets for IAB (Referred to by regular cops as the Rat Squad), Eve has great respect for Webster and his abilities, and she knows that he values the job and badge over results.

text: Chief Darcia Angelo[edit]

text: First Appearance: Interlude in Death

text: Chief Angelo is the chief of police at the Olympus Resort, personally hired by Roarke. She and Eve butt heads several times over procedure and jurisdiction, but eventually come to an understanding. She visits New York in Treachery in Death where she meets Webster and begins a relationship with him.

text: She was previously a police officer in Colombia focusing primarily on narcotics. She is described as being extremely attractive, with Peabody being somehwat jealous of her figure, and she greatly enjoys shopping whilst in New York as a change from police work.

text: Dennis Mira[edit]

text: First Appearance: Reunion in Death

text: Dennis Mira is the husband of Dr. Charlotte Mira. He seems to be a very absent-minded fellow, walking around with his shirt buttons mismatched. However, he is a very kind man; Eve is very fond of him and finds it easy to talk to him. He is very nonthreatening to her; however, he is intelligent, and as Charlotte says, very good at separating what is good and evil. Mira occasionally teaches at Colombia University.

text: Eve sees him in Memory in Death, and before she knows what's happening, she breaks down weeping. She is mostly sad because she wonders what a difference it would have made to her tragic early life if she had had just one person like Dennis Mira who would have loved her like a parent. Eve likes him very much and in the same book, buys him a scarf. He believes Eve to be a very determined and good person with a necessary dark streak in her that he respects.

text: Sinead Lanigan[edit]

text: First Appearance: Portrait in Death

text: Sinead Lanigan is Roarke's Aunt, his late mother's twin sister. After receiving information from a social worker about his real mother he seeks out the truth and returns to Ireland to visit his mother's family. Roarke is shocked by the warmth of welcome he receives from Sinead. She is described as being small, with red hair and green eyes. She is very proud of the man Roarke has become and of the life he has made with Eve. Sinead and the whole family make sporadic appearances, particularly at Thanksgiving where it has become something of a tradition for them to visit Roarke and Eve in New York.

text: Detective Vince Yancy[edit]

text: First Appearance: Portrait in Death

text: Yancy is an Ident Artist working for the NYPSD. He is handsome and mild mannered, and is described by Dallas as the best imaging artist there is. He is adept at bonding with witnesses and drawing out all of the details that they can remember about a suspect, and will not allow Dallas or anyone else to rush his work when he knows a witness needs a break.

text: Ursa Harvo[edit]

text: First Appearance: Visions in Death

text: Harvo is a female tech at the crime lab, specialising in hair and fibre analysis, describing herself as the "Queen of Hair" and "Princess of Fibre" on meeting Dallas and Peabody. She has very white skin with spiked red hair and green eyes the colour of spring grass. She shares the general opinion of Dickhead that the other characters have, although admits that he is a brilliant tech. Her father works for the FBI in the same field of study as Harvo, and is considered one of the best in said field. Her combination of skill, efficiency and enthusiasm for her job, coupled with her smart mouth, make her one of Eve's go to people. In the book “Thankless in Death,” she is called Harpo instead of Harvo.

text: APA Cher Reo[edit]

text: First Appearance: Origin in Death

text: Assistant Prosecuting Attorney Cher Reo is introduced during the Icove case as Eve needs a warrant and needs an APA with the courage and belief in her to force it through. She is described as a petite and pretty woman, with soft curly blonde hair and baby blue eyes. She is short in stature, often wearing mile-high heels (according to Eve) and has a soft Southern accent. All of this is in contrast to her demeanour in court, where she is described as a piranha. She becomes Eve's "go-to" APA when she needs a warrant, and also becomes a close friend, being present at social events such as Mavis's baby shower.

text: Detective Amaryllis Coltraine[edit]

text: First Appearance:: Origin in Death

text: Coltraine is a Detective Third Grade who transfers to the NYPSD from Atlanta. A Southern Belle with blue eyes and blonde hair and a curvy figure, she and Morris develop a mutual attraction and quickly begin dating. She is fond of baking to relax (particularly chocolate brownies) and although she is a smart and capable detective, she doesn't live the job the way Eve does. She is murdered in Promises in Death, devastating Morris who was falling in love with her. Her death causes Eve to admit to herself that she never really gave Coltraine a chance, subconsciously seeing her as an interloper due to her relationship with Morris, and causing Eve to take her death all the harder thinking that they would have been friends in due time.

text: Detective Callendar[edit]

text: First Appearance: Creation in Death

text: Callendar is another of Feeney's "boys" (all of Feeney's e-cops are his boys, regardless of gender) and is a friend of Peabody and McNab. She is introduced as part of the large taskforce working on the "Groom" serial killer case. Described by McNab as almost as good as he is, she has dark hair, burnt honey skin with sloe eyes and impressive breasts. In Promises in Death she is excited to be sent to the Omega Colony, her first off-planet assignment, to gather evidence against Max Ricker.

text: Kyung Beaverton[edit]

text: First Appearance: Celebrity in Death

text: Kyung is a media liaison attached to the NYPSD, often brought in on large cases by Chief Tibble. He is the only media liaison Eve can remotely stand, as he allows her to be herself and focus on the job, whereas other liaisons frequently focus on appearance and ask her to put on lip gloss before appearing on camera. Eve describes him to Roarke as 'not an asshole' which he recognises as a compliment by Eve's standards.

text: Dr. Garnet DeWinter[edit]

text: First Appearance: Concealed in Death

text: DeWinter is a forensic anthropologist, recently moved from Washington to New York and working with the NYPSD. Highly respected in her field, she forms a quick friendship with Morris as they share an interest in the dead through their work and both experienced failed relationships. DeWinter is divorced with a young daughter, and has a hot temper. She and Eve initially have a slightly frosty relationship, but have begun to respect each other's skills.

text: Lieutenant Mitchell Lowenbaum[edit]

text: First Appearance: Delusion in Death

text: Lowenbaum is head of the NYPSD's SWAT Team. He is attractive (as noted by Peabody), and admits that he once thought that he and Eve might get together before she met Roarke. In Apprentice in Death he is brought in by Eve as a consultant on the sniper case, and is devastated when it turns out to be a former colleague.

text: Dawson[edit]

text: First Appearance: Concealed in Death

text: Dawson is the head "sweeper", the colloquial name given to the Crime Scene Technicians working for the NYPSD. He, Morris and Eve have worked together on hundreds of cases and share the same focus and dedication to the job. Ironically, given his profession, he has very poor eyesight.

text: Eve's Squad[edit]

text: Other than Baxter, and Troy Trueheart when they start working together, little is mentioned about Eve's squad in any great detail through the early books. Occasionally members of the squad will ask for Eve's opinion on a case or be pulled in as part of the team on larger cases. As of Treachery in Death where the focus is on another police Lieutenant suspected of corruption, Eve's squad consists of:-

text: Detective Jenkinson. Referred to as sick bastard much as Baxter is referred to as Horny Dog, Jenkinson is a solid veteran who is fiercely loyal to Dallas. He is fond of wearing garish ties to brighten his day and that of his squadmates.

text: Detective Reineke is Jenkinson's partner, also fiercely loyal to Dallas and fond of garish socks rather than ties

text: Detective Carmichael is a female detective, somewhat hot tempered and apparently not someone you should make bets with as she almost always wins. She is dark-haired and pretty, and acquires a pair of jewelled cowboy boots when on assignment in Texas.

text: Detective Sanchez is the new guy, a calming influence on his partner Carmichael. He went to college and played baseball to a high standard but joined the NYPSD as that was what he always wanted, whereas baseball was "just playing" to him, although he thinks about joining a softball team with some of Roarke's employees

text: Officer Carmichael is the longest serving uniformed officer in Eve's squad. He is a solid veteran, described as being hell on details. Other uniformed officers who cross Eve's path and impress her are often added to her squad later, beginning with Peabody and Trueheart, then later on Officer Newkirk (introduced in Creation In Death and the son of an officer on the original case) and Officer Shelby (introduced in Festive In Death and brought in to Eve's squad when Trueheart makes Detective).

text: All respect and admire Dallas, and fear her wrath if they don't do the job to her high standards. They are also fiercely loyal to her, and cite facts such as her small and dingy office to other squads as proof of how she cares about her men and the job more than rank and appearances.

text: Nonappearing Characters[edit]

text: These characters are for the most part deceased, but play an important role by figuring strongly into the minds of Eve and Roarke and may frequently show up in flashbacks or memories.

text: Richard Troy[edit]

text: First Appearance: Naked in Death

text: Richard Troy is Eve's biological father; from when she was about five or six, he began raping her, continuing until the night of his death when Eve was eight years old. Eve kills him with a kitchen knife while he is drunkenly raping her, in Dallas, Texas, but he breaks her arm during the process.

text: He is present in every single book, as he is always the spectre of Eve's nightmares. Typically, he appears in her nightmares to tell her that no matter how many people she finds justice for, there will always be more monsters like him, waiting to do more evil to innocents like the little girl she was.

text: His first name is revealed in Judgment in Death; his last name is found by Roarke in his file on Homeland Security Organization's files in Divided in Death. He was working as a kind of informer for HSO, despite the fact that he was a criminal with a minor child, Eve (at eight years old).

text: Richard Troy was raising Eve - who is definitely his biological child - with the intent of using her for child prostitution. Mira concludes and tells Eve in Reunion in Death that Troy was probably not a pedophile himself, but preferred adult women, something that Eve does vaguely remember. In Interlude in Death, Roarke realizes that his father, Patrick Roarke, had business in Dallas, Texas, with Troy, the same week of Troy's death.

text: This business is fully realized in Divided in Death: Eve remembers her father telling her in Reunion that she was finally going to start working (or rather, being raped for her father's profit). That Patrick Roarke was there, with cash, on his own business, indicates that Troy was going to sell Eve to Patrick Roarke.

text: For the record, HSO was perfectly aware that Eve murdered Troy, but cleaned up the body and had the case unsolved, as they had themselves recommended she not be taken out of Troy's custody.

text: Troy also had business dealings with Max Ricker, the villain of Judgement in Death, and stole money from him. Ricker knew he had a daughter, but over twenty years later, does not make the connection between Troy and Eve.

text: Troy was under surveillance by the HSO the day he died. He was recorded as having returned to his hotel room at 2:00 a.m. in the morning; in Eve's memories, he begins beating and raping her immediately after his return, during which she kills him. Therefore, his time and date of death is shortly after 2:00 a.m., May 13, 2036.[5]

text: Patrick Roarke[edit]

text: First Appearance: has only been discussed, starting in Naked in Death

text: The father of Roarke. Patrick Roarke was a criminal who had the Irish police in his pocket, as he wielded some minor power. He came to the US in 2036 to ruin Max Ricker's gun-running operation in Atlanta, a situation in which he double-crossed Max Ricker and the police officers, who were paying him to be an informant.

text: Siobhan Brody ran away from him with their son when Roarke was a baby; upon her return, Patrick Roarke killed her and threw her in the river with the assistance of some friends. He then raised Roarke by having him steal throughout the day and bring back money to him.

text: With the information that Eve's father was going to start selling her in Dallas, it is to be concluded that Richard Troy was going to sell his daughter to Patrick Roarke.

text: Roarke believes Patrick Roarke died in 2035 (when he was twelve), but Patrick Roarke actually died sometime in Ireland, 2036, at Summerset's hands.[6]

text: Patrick Roarke leaves an uneasy legacy behind for Roarke with the experiences of a policeman named Skinner, who held Patrick (appropriately so) responsible for the death of thirteen police officers in an attempt to arrest Max Ricker. Decades later, Skinner has transferred the grudge to Roarke in Interlude in Death.

text: Sheila Feeney[edit]

text: First Appearance: discussed as of Naked in Death

text: Sheila is Ryan Feeney's wife. She never has any dialog but is often mentioned. Eve appears to be a little afraid of her, but also says she is the best cop's wife she knows of due to her loyalty and lack of complaining about the hours. Feeney often refers to her as "the wife" in front of other cops, but loves her dearly. If is mentioned that she enjoys celebrity gossip, pottery, knitting and also loves getting dressed up for big social events such as Eve and Roarke's annual Christmas Party.

text: Siobhan Brody[edit]

text: First Appearance: Portrait in Death

text: The biological mother of Roarke and one of twins with Sinead Lannigan, Siobhan originally was from County Clare, part of a farming family. She came to Dublin at eighteen, hoping for the excitement of a city life. She met and was charmed by Patrick Roarke (see above), and bore his child out of wedlock. He abused her, but she repeatedly asked him to marry her, and in her social worker's words, give Roarke a true father.

text: She eventually ran away from Patrick and took her son with her to a shelter, but went back, believing she shouldn't take her son away from his father. Subsequently, Patrick Roarke beat her to death and threw her in the River Liffey. Patrick Roarke's real wife, Meg Roarke, then raised Roarke (abusively) until he was about five, whereupon she left.

text: Roarke resembles his father almost identically, but Siobhan's twin tells Roarke that he has inherited the shape of his eyes from his mother.

text: Stella[edit]

text: First Appearance: Loyalty in Death; named in Imitation in Death

text: Stella is Eve's biological mother; the evidence for this is that Eve remembers seeing her own eyes reflected in her mother's face in a flashback in Imitation. Eve's mother was a prostitute and a drug addict; in addition, she was abusive. In the flashback, she finds Eve trying on her wigs and reacts badly, grabbing Eve by the hair and beating her. It is in fact Richard Troy that pulls the child away, telling Stella to instead "take a hit", promising her that this child will earn them a lot of money in subsequent years. Eve is about four years old in this flashback and had not yet been raped.

text: In New York to Dallas Stella is a main character: she is working with Isaac McQueen who ends up killing her.