document_title: Mamma Mia!

question_text: when did the movie mama mia come out

question_tokens: when did the movie mama mia come out

text: Mamma Mia!

text: Background[edit]

text: Mamma Mia! is based on the songs of ABBA, a Swedish pop/dance group active from 1972 to 1982 and one of the most popular international pop groups of all time, topping the charts again and again in Europe, North and South America and Australia. Following the premiere of the musical in London in 1999, ABBA Gold topped the charts in the United Kingdom again. This musical was the brainchild of producer Judy Craymer. She met songwriters Björn Ulvaeus and Benny Andersson in 1983 when they were working with Tim Rice on Chess.[1] It was the song "The Winner Takes It All" that suggested to her the theatrical potential of their pop songs.[1] The songwriters were not enthusiastic, but they were not completely opposed to the idea.[1]

text: In 1997, Craymer commissioned Catherine Johnson to write the book for the musical. In 1998, Phyllida Lloyd became the director for the show.[1]

text: Productions[edit]

text: Original West End production[edit]

text: The musical opened in the West End at the Prince Edward Theatre on April 6, 1999, and transferred to the Prince of Wales Theatre on June 9, 2004, where it played until September 2012, when it moved to the Novello Theatre.[2] Directed by Phyllida Lloyd with choreography by Anthony Van Laast, the original cast featured Siobhan McCarthy, Lisa Stokke, and Hilton McRae.[3][4]

text: Original Broadway production performed in various major cities[edit]

text: Prior to the musical's Broadway engagement, it opened in Toronto at the Royal Alexandra Theatre in May 2000, where it played for five years. Its US debut was in San Francisco, California, at the Orpheum Theatre from November 17, 2000 to February 17, 2001,[5][6] moving next to Los Angeles, California, at the Shubert Theatre from February 26, 2001 to May 12, 2001,[7] and finally to Chicago, Illinois, at the Cadillac Palace Theatre from May 13, 2001 to August 12, 2001.[8]

text: New York City run[edit]

text: The musical opened on Broadway at the Winter Garden Theatre on October 18, 2001, after beginning previews on October 5. The director is Phyllida Lloyd with choreography by Anthony Van Laast. As of October 2017, it is the ninth longest-running Broadway show and the longest-running jukebox musical in Broadway history. On April 18, 2013, it was announced that Mamma Mia! would transfer from its home at the Winter Garden Theatre to the Broadhurst Theatre later that year to make way for the musical adaptation of Rocky.[9] The show played its final performance at the Winter Garden Theatre on October 19, 2013 and began performances at the Broadhurst Theatre on November 2, 2013.[10]

text: It was announced on April 9, 2015 that the show would close on September 5, 2015.[11] On April 21, 2015, it was then announced that show would play an additional week and would instead close on September 12, 2015. Mamma Mia! played 5,773 performances on Broadway before closing.[12]

text: International and touring productions[edit]

text: Mamma Mia! has been played in more than 50 countries in all 6 continents, including Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Germany, Estonia, Finland, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Lituania, Malaysia, Mexico, Monaco, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and United States, and has been translated into 22 languages: German, Japanese, Dutch, Korean, Spanish, Swedish, Russian, Norwegian, Italian, Danish, French, Portuguese, Mandarin, Hungarian, Czech, Polish, Serbian, Croatian, Slovene, Icelandic, Estonian, Greek, Slovak, and newly also in Finnish. Over 60 million people have seen the show worldwide and it has set the record for premiering in more cities faster than any other musical in history.

text: The first city to produce the show after London was Toronto, where it ran from May 22, 2000 to May 22, 2005, being the North America premiere of Mamma Mia!.[13] The original cast included Louise Pitre as Donna and Tina Maddigan as Sophie, who both of them later reprised their roles in first US Tour and Broadway premiere.

text: Mamma Mia! played in Las Vegas, opening at the Mandalay Bay in February 2003 and closing on January 4, 2009.[14][15] In June 2005, Mamma Mia! played its 1000th performance in Las Vegas, becoming the longest-running West End/Broadway musical in Las Vegas. The clothes and scenarios from this production are now used in Brazil.[16] The show returned to Las Vegas on May 16, 2014 at the Tropicana Hotel & Casino, but announced its closing soon after on July 22.[17]

text: The North American tour started in Providence, Rhode Island in February 28, 2002 and closed in St. Louis, Missouri in July 30, 2017, after more than 4.000 performances.[18]

text: The first non-English version of the show debuted in Hamburg at the Operettenhaus, where it ran from November 3, 2002 to September 8, 2007. With the productions of Stuttgart (2004) and Essen (2007), Mamma Mia! became the first major musical to play concurrently in three German cities.

text: The show has had (and in some cases, still has) permanent productions in London, Toronto, Melbourne, New York, Hamburg, Tokyo (later transferred to Osaka, Fukuoka and Nagoya), Las Vegas, Utrecht, Seoul (later transferred to Seongnam and Daegu), Stuttgart, Madrid (later transferred to Barcelona), Stockholm (later transferred to Gothenburg), Antwerp, Moscow, Essen, Berlin, Oslo, Mexico City, Milan (later transferred to Rome), Copenhagen (later transferred to Aarhus), Paris, São Paulo, Shanghai, Buenos Aires, Vienna and Helsinki.

text: Since its premiere in Dublin on September 9, 2004 (with Helen Hobson as Donna) the international tour has visited more than 74 cities in 35 countries and has been seen by 5 million people. In addition there have been several touring productions worldwide, including Australia/Asia (2002–2005), Australia (2009–2010), China, France (2012–2013), Germany, Japan, Netherlands (2009–2010), North America (2002–2017), Spain (2009–2011 and 2016–2017), South Africa (2010–2011), South Korea, United Kingdom (2016–2017), and United States (2000–2001).

text: The Dutch actress Lone van Roosendaal has played Donna in three different countries: Netherlands, Belgium and Germany.

text: The South African tour, conducted at the Artscape Theatre in Cape Town on August 11, 2010 and 3 months later at The Teatro, Montecasino in Johannesburg, featured an all local cast.

text: The Chinese production opened on July 11, 2011 at the Shanghai Grand Theatre and closed on January 18, 2012 at Shanghai Cultural Square after a small tour, marking the first time that a blockbuster contemporary Western musical were presented in Chinese in Shanghai (there was a previous Chinese production of Beauty and the Beast in Beijing in 1999). It was seen by 250,000 people across six venues, with a total of 190 performances. Shadow Zen played the role of Donna.

text: On January 24, 2012, Mamma Mia! opened in Manila at the Main Theater of the Cultural Center of the Philippines as part of the international Tour. The show was originally set to stay only for a week but with the positive response, the organisers decided that it would play until February 19, 2012.[19] The show features Sara Poyzer as Donna Sheridan and Charlotte Wakefield as Sophie. The cast also included Kate Graham (Tanya), Jenny Dale (Rosie) and David Roberts (Sky).[20]

text: A New Zealand tour production of Mamma Mia! opened at the Auckland Civic Theatre on March 4, 2014, featuring an all new set design by John Harding. International theatre star Deliah Hannah played Donna, and popular New Zealand entertainment icon Jackie Clark plays Rosie. The NZ tour visited 11 cities in 2014–2016

text: The musical is performed on sailings of Royal Caribbean's Quantum of the Seas and Allure of the Seas.Unlike other cruise ship performances of musicals, the show is performed in its entirety.

text: In Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic, the musical had its premiere on December 12, 2014. Czech is the seventeenth language in which the musical was performed. At the date of the premiere a record 70,000 tickets were sold.[21]

text: On February 21, 2015, the musical premiered in Warsaw, Poland at Roma Musical Theatre.[22]

text: The Belgrade, Serbia – Terazije Theatre (Pozorište na Terazijama) premiere was on March 27, 2015.[23] [24]

text: On June 15, 2015 in Ljubljana, the capital of Slovenia, premiere of Slovene production took place in Križanke Outdoor Theatre as a part of Ljubljana Summer Festival (Poletni festival Ljubljana). [25]

text: On March 18, 2016, Mamma Mia! opened for the first time in Panama City, Panama, at the Anayansi Theatre in the Atlapa Convention Centre, directed by Aaron Zebede. [26]

text: On May 27, 2016 the first regional production opened at the Barter Theatre in Abingdon, Virginia.

text: On 31 August 2016, it was announced that the show would once again tour Australia with the premier being held in Canberra in November 2017 before transferring to Brisbane the following month. The tour has been confirmed to include all 6 major Australian cities.[27]

text: From July 28, 2017 to July 30, 2017, Mamma Mia! was performed at the Hollywood Bowl. Directed and choreographed by Kathleen Marshall, the show starred Jennifer Nettles as Donna, Dove Cameron as Sophie, Corbin Bleu as Sky, Jaime Camil as Sam, Tisha Campbell-Martin as Tanya, and Lea Delaria as Rosie. [28]

text: Nová scéna Theatre in Bratislava, Slovakia is planning premiere on November 11, 2017 for the first time in Slovak. In Slovakia were formerly performed Czech and original version.[29]

text: A Finnish-language production will be premiering at the Messukeskus Helsinki in Helsinki, Finland on May 4, 2018.[30]

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Act I[edit]

text: Before the curtain rises, the orchestra starts playing the overture, which is a montage of instrumental versions of some of ABBA's hit songs.

text: On the Greek island of Kalokairi, 20-year-old Sophie is preparing to marry her fiancé, Sky. She wants her father to walk her down the aisle ("Prologue") but doesn't know who he is. Sophie discovers her mother's old diary and finds entries which describe intimate dates with three men (Sam Carmichael, Bill Austin [Anderson in the film version], and Harry Bright) ("Honey, Honey"). Sophie believes one of these men is her father and, three months before her nuptials, sends each an invitation to her wedding, writing in her mother's name, Donna, without letting her unsuspecting mother know.

text: The day before the wedding, Donna begins receiving guests at her taverna. The first to arrive are her long-term best friends, Tanya, a rich woman who has been married and divorced three times, and Rosie, an unmarried, carefree woman. The trio used to comprise a girl group called "Donna and the Dynamos". The three women catch up and talk about their lives ("Money, Money, Money").

text: Later that day, Sophie's three possible fathers arrive: Sam (an American architect), Harry (a British banker), and Bill (originally an Australian writer and adventurer, Swedish in the film, and currently American in New York and on tour). Sophie convinces them not to tell Donna that she invited them ("Thank You for the Music"). Donna is surprised to see her ex-lovers ("Mamma Mia") and leaves in tears. Donna, crying, explains to Tanya and Rosie the situation, and they cheer her up ("Chiquitita"). Tanya and Rosie try to convince Donna that she can still be the girl she once was ("Dancing Queen").

text: Sophie had hoped she would know her father the moment she saw him but is now only confused. She tries to tell her fiancé, Sky, how she feels without confessing what she has done. Sky tells her he will be the only man she ever needs ("Lay All Your Love on Me").

text: At Sophie's hen party, Donna and the Dynamos don their old costumes and perform a song, "(Super Trouper)". Sam, Bill, and Harry accidentally walk in on the party, and the guests persuade them to stay ("Gimme! Gimme! Gimme!").

text: Sophie first pulls Sam out of the room to talk to him. After he asks why he is there, she is overcome with guilt and goes to talk to Harry, instead. But Harry asks if Sophie's father is at the party, and she tells him the whole truth.

text: Lastly, she draws Bill aside to talk with him. She learns that Bill has an aunt Sophia who left all her money to Donna's family. Bill learns that Donna built the taverna with money she inherited from a friend she lived with when Sophie was a baby; that friend was Bill's aunt. They both think this means he is her father.

text: Sophie asks Bill to walk her down the aisle, but Bill wants to discuss it first with Donna. This has been her secret, after all. But no one knows yet that even Donna does not know who the father is, because she slept with the three men in such swift succession. Sophie insists they must not tell Donna anything ("The Name of the Game") and finally, Bill agrees.

text: Afterward, everybody crashes the hen party (including the guys from the stag party). Eddie, a stripper, has an erotic yet tasteful nude scene. During the striptease, Sam pulls Sophie aside and tells her he has figured out why she invited him. He knows he is her father and promises to walk her down the aisle the next day. Then, Harry approaches Sophie, apologizing for being so slow on the uptake; he is also convinced that she is his daughter and promises to walk her down the aisle. Sophie leaves the party, hopelessly confused; she doesn't want to turn any of them down ("Voulez-Vous").

text: Act II[edit]

text: (Entr'acte) Sophie's having a nightmare, involving her three possible fathers all fighting for the right to walk her down the aisle and wakes up despairing ("Under Attack").

text: Sophie's upset, and Donna assumes that Sophie wants to cancel the wedding and offers to handle all the details. Sophie is offended and vows that her children won't grow up not knowing who their father is. As Sophie storms out of the room, Sam enters and tries to tell Donna that Sophie may not be all she seems, but Donna won't listen ("One of Us"). She hates Sam; at the end of their affair, she said she never wanted to see him again. But it seems that Sam was the man Donna cared about the most, and both of them wish they could go back to the start ("SOS"').

text: At the beach, Harry asks Tanya what the father of the bride ought to be doing for Sophie's wedding. Tanya explains that for her part, her father gave her his advice and then paid. Pepper, one of the guys who works at Donna's taverna, makes advances to Tanya, but she rebuffs him ("Does Your Mother Know").

text: Sky finds out what Sophie has done in inviting Sam, Harry and Bill to the wedding. He accuses her of wanting a big white wedding only so that she can find out who her father is. He's very hurt that she kept this plan a secret from him. He storms off just as Sam walks in. Sam tries to give Sophie some fatherly advice by describing his failed marriage ("Knowing Me, Knowing You"), but Sophie isn't consoled.

text: Harry offers to Donna to pay for the wedding, and they reminisce about their fling ("Our Last Summer"). Sophie arrives and Donna helps her get dressed. She cannot believe her daughter is going to be a bride ("Slipping Through My Fingers"). Donna admits that her own mother disowned her when she learned that she was pregnant. They reconcile and Sophie asks her mother if she will walk her down the aisle. Sam arrives and tries to speak to Donna again, but she does not want to see him, and asks him to leave. He refuses, and a bitter confrontation ensues. Donna tells Sam that he broke her heart, presumably when she found out he was engaged ("The Winner Takes It All"). It emerges that the two still love each other dearly, albeit against Donna's better judgment.

text: Rosie is making final preparations in the taverna when Bill arrives. He's upset because he has received a note that Donna will be walking Sophie down the aisle. Bill reaffirms his commitment to the single life, but Rosie has become attracted to him, and urges him to reconsider ("Take a Chance on Me"). They are about to have sex in the taverna, but the guests arrive, leaving Rosie quite stunned.

text: The wedding begins, with Donna walking Sophie down the aisle. Before the priest has a chance to begin the ceremonies, Donna acknowledges to everyone that Sophie's father is present. Sophie tells her mother that she knows about her father. Donna realizes that Sophie invited them to the wedding for that very reason. The issue of Sophie's parentage is left unsettled, as none of them have any idea whether they are actually her father. Everyone involved agrees that it does not matter which one of them her biological parent is, as Sophie loves all three and they are all happy to be "one-third of a father" and a part of her life at last. Finally, Harry, who has made frequent references to his "other half" throughout the show, is revealed to be in a committed gay relationship.

text: Suddenly, Sophie calls a halt to the proceedings. She isn't ready to get married and Sky agrees with Sophie about not getting married. Sam seizes his chance and proposes to Donna in order to prevent the wedding preparations from going to waste. He explains that he loved her, even when he left to get married. It is revealed that he called off the wedding with his fiancée and came back to the island, only to be told that Donna was going out with another man (Bill). He went back, married his fiancée and had children but he got divorced. Surprisingly, Donna accepts ("I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do"). In the end, Sam and Donna are married, and at the end of the night, Sophie and Sky depart on a round-the-world tour ("I Have a Dream") .

text: Finale and Encore[edit]

text: After their final bows to the audience, the ensemble performs a reprise of "Mamma Mia". A reprise of "Dancing Queen" follows, during which Donna, Tanya, Rosie are revealed wearing brightly colored ABBA inspired costumes. The cast ends the finale with "Waterloo", during which Sam, Bill, and Harry join the rest of the cast onstage in brightly colored costumes that match the leading ladies. The Dynamos and the Dads often invite the audience to clap, dance, and sing along during the finale.

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
Act I

"Overture/Prologue" - Sophie
"Honey, Honey" - Sophie, Ali, & Lisa
"Money, Money, Money" - Donna, Tanya, Rosie, Pepper, & Company
"Thank You for the Music" - Sophie, Sam, Harry, & Bill
"Mamma Mia" - Donna & Company
"Chiquitita" - Donna, Tanya & Rosie
"Dancing Queen" - Donna, Tanya & Rosie
"Lay All Your Love on Me" - Sky, Sophie, & Male Ensemble
"Super Trouper" - Donna, Tanya, Rosie & Female Ensemble
"Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight)" - Female Ensemble
"The Name of the Game" - Sophie & Bill
"Voulez-Vous" - Company

Act II

"Entr'acte" - Orchestra
"Under Attack" - Sophie & Company
"One of Us" - Donna
"SOS" - Donna & Sam
"Does Your Mother Know" - Tanya, Pepper & Company
"Knowing Me, Knowing You" - Sam
"Our Last Summer" - Harry & Donna
"Slipping Through My Fingers" - Donna & Sophie
"The Winner Takes It All" - Donna
"Take a Chance on Me" - Rosie & Bill
"I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do, I Do" - Sam, Donna & Company
"I Have a Dream" - Sophie

text: Encore

text:
"Mamma Mia" - Company
"Dancing Queen" - Donna, Tanya, Rosie & Company
"Waterloo" - Company

text: Notes on the music[edit]

text: During the preview period in London, the musical had the song "Summer Night City" just after the prologue. The "Summer Night City" scene was a wedding rehearsal and during the song, Ali, Lisa, Tanya, and Rosie arrived on the island. Now, part of the song is used as underscoring to connect the end of "The Winner Takes It All" and "Take a Chance on Me". You can also hear a couple of lines of "Summer Night City" in the 'Entr'acte' (the most noticeable line is: 'Time to breathe and time to live').

text: Donna hums a few lines of "Fernando", when she repairs the doors of the taverna just before she sees her three former lovers. In the Mexican production Donna sings a few lines of ABBA's original Spanish version of the song.

text: In the German production, Sky (Bernhard Forcher) sang a few lines of "King Kong Song" before starting "Lay All Your Love on Me". Niklas Riesbeck uses the same song in the Swedish production. Andrey Kozhan sang a few lines of Summer Night City in the Russian production. In the international tour version, Sky (David Roberts) sings a few lines of "She's My Kind of Girl", a Björn & Benny song. In the 2015 International tour version, Sky (Justin Thomas) sings a few lines of "Dum Dum Diddle".

text: The wedding march that is played as Sophie walks down the aisle is a slower arrangement of "Dancing Queen".

text: The creators also intended to include "Just Like That", an unreleased ABBA song recorded in 1982. The song was apparently dropped just before the first public previews in March 1999, though it was listed in the program available during the preview period.

text: Originally the outro after the encore was a 5-minute instrumental medley (in the style of the Ouverture and Entr'Acte) featuring Gimme! Gimme! Gimme! (A Man After Midnight), SOS, Voulez-Vous, Does Your Mother Know, Money, Money, Money and Dancing Queen. It was later replaced with the short Dancing Queen instrumental, still being used today.

text: The last three songs, performed as an encore/finale by the whole cast are: "Mamma Mia", "Dancing Queen" and "Waterloo". The version of "Mamma Mia" used in the encore/finale is sung by the Company. The finale song Mamma Mia has been extended in theatres where Donna and the Dynamos had to go downstairs for taking the stage lift in Dancing Queen. Then, during the intro of "Dancing Queen", Donna, Tanya and Rosie join the Company (as the girl-power band "Donna and the Dynamos", wearing ABBA's 1970s-style colorful and flashy costumes). Sam, Bill and Harry join them during Waterloo, wearing male versions of the girls' ABBA's costumes. The Encore is included on the 5th Anniversary Cast Recording (commemorating said anniversary for the Broadway production).

text: In the Brazilian production, all three songs from the encore/finale were kept in English. Though "Waterloo" was adapted into Brazilian Portuguese, this version was never used and the lyrics are unknown.

text: In the Russian production the song "Happy New Year" is sung at the encore on New Year holidays shows.

text: Principal roles and cast[edit]

text:
Character
Original London Cast
Original Broadway Cast
Original German Cast
Original Russian 2006 Cast
Original Russian 2012 Cast
Original Danish Cast[31]
Hollywood Bowl 2017 Cast
Original Finnish 2018 Cast[32]

Donna Sheridan
Siobhán McCarthy
Louise Pitre
Carolin Fortenbacher
Yelena Charkviani
Nicoline Siff Møller
Jennifer Nettles
Laura Voutilainen

Rosie
Jenny Galloway
Judy Kaye
Jasna Ivir
Yelena Kazarinova
Eteri Bariashvili
Pernille Schrøder
Lea Delaria
Nina Tapio

Tanya
Louise Plowright
Karen Mason
Kerstin Marie Mäkelburg
Natalia Koretskaya
Anastasia Sapozhnikova
Nastja Arcel
Tisha Campbell-Martin
Johanna Kokko

Sam Carmichael
Hilton McRae
David W. Keeley
Frank Logemann
Andrey Klyuev
Morten Lützhøft
Jaime Camil
Veeti Kallio

Bill Austin (Anderson in the film)
Nicolas Colicos
Ken Marks
Ulrich Wiggers
Vladimir Khalturin
Peter Oliver Hansen
Steven Weber
Arne Nylander

Harry Bright
Paul Clarkson
Dean Nolen
Cusch Jung
Oleg Taysaev
Igor Portnoy
Lars Oluf Larsen
Hamish Linklater
Vallu Lukka

Sophie Sheridan
Lisa Stokke
Tina Maddigan
Katja Berg
Natalia Bystrova
Antonina Beryozka
Stine Henriksen
Dove Cameron
Petra Pääkkönen

Sky
Andrew Langtree
Joe Machota
Jörg Neubauer
Andrey Kozhan
Andrey Birin
Christian Lund
Corbin Bleu
Jukka Nylund

Pepper
Neal Wright
Mark Price
Guido Zarncke
Andrey Bunin
Dmitry Golovin
Kim Nielsen
Payson Lewis
Lasse Lipponen

Eddie
Nigel Harman
Michael Benjamin Washington
Wolf Wrobel
Alexander Davydov
Silas Holst
Rodd Farhadi
Tuukka Raitala

Ali
Eliza Lumley
Sara Inbar
Bettina Oswald
Anna Guchenkova
Yulia Churakova
Nadin Reiness
Charlotte Mary Wen
Marissa Lattu

Lisa
Melissa Gibson
Tonya Doran
Florence Kasumba
Victoria Kanatkina
Daria Zueva
Astrid Højgaard
Tiana Okoye
Nea-Maria Alanko

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text:
Film Cast

Donna
Meryl Streep

Rosie
Julie Walters

Tanya
Christine Baranski

Sam
Pierce Brosnan

Bill
Stellan Skarsgård

Harry
Colin Firth

Sophie
Amanda Seyfried

Sky
Dominic Cooper

text: Mamma Mia! was adapted as a film, produced by Judy Craymer and Gary Goetzman, written by Catherine Johnson directed by Phyllida Lloyd and with Tom Hanks, Rita Wilson, Björn Ulvaeus, and Benny Andersson as executive producers. Meryl Streep stars as Donna Sheridan and Amanda Seyfried as Sophie and Pierce Brosnan as Sam Carmichael. The movie also features Christine Baranski, Dominic Cooper, Colin Firth, Stellan Skarsgård and Julie Walters. It premiered July 18, 2008, in the US. Most of the songs remained intact with the exceptions of "Under Attack", "One of Us", "Knowing Me, Knowing You", and "Thank You for the Music". "Knowing Me, Knowing You" was used as the wedding music and "Thank You for the Music" is sung during the second half of the end credits. The first half is occupied with a "Dancing Queen" reprise and "Waterloo", with a "Mamma Mia" reprise and "I Have a Dream" sung before the credits (though the latter is sung as Sophie mails the invitations at the start of the film). "When All Is Said and Done", a song not used in the musical, was added for the film sung by Sam, Donna, and the company. "Our Last Summer" was used earlier in the movie, with Sophie, Bill, Sam, and Harry singing it. "The Name of the Game", while filmed, was subsequently edited out of the film for the final cut. The song is included in full on the motion picture soundtrack – an abbreviated version of the song and scene appear on the DVD/Blu-ray as a supplement. In addition, "Thank You for the Music" is used as a hidden track, and is performed by Amanda Seyfried.

text: A sequel to the film titled Mamma Mia! Here We Go Again has been filmed and will release in 2018. It will tell the story of how Donna met each of the 3 men who are potentially Sophie's father.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Original West End production[edit]

text:
Year
Award Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result

1999
Evening Standard Award
Ned Sherrin Award for Best Musical
Nominated

2000
Laurence Olivier Award
Best New Musical
Nominated

Best Actress in a Musical
Siobhan McCarthy
Nominated

Best Performance in a Supporting Role in a Musical
Jenny Galloway
Won

Louise Plowright
Nominated

2002
Grammy Award
Best Musical Theater Album
Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus; Original Cast
Nominated

text: Original Broadway production[edit]

text:
Year
Award Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result

2002
Tony Award
Best Musical
Nominated

Best Book of a Musical
Catherine Johnson
Nominated

Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Musical
Louise Pitre
Nominated

Best Performance by a Featured Actress in a Musical
Judy Kaye
Nominated

Best Orchestrations
Benny Andersson, Björn Ulvaeus and Martin Koch
Nominated

Drama Desk Award
Outstanding Actress in a Musical
Louise Pitre
Nominated

Outstanding Featured Actress in a Musical
Judy Kaye
Nominated

Karen Mason
Nominated

Drama League Award
Distinguished Production of a Musical
Nominated

Outer Critics Circle Award
Outstanding Broadway Musical
Nominated

Outstanding Actress in a Musical
Louise Pitre
Nominated

Theatre World Award
Outstanding Debut Stage Performance
Louise Pitre
Won

text: Original North American Tour[edit]

text:
Year
Award Ceremony
Category
Nominee
Result

2003
Helen Hayes Award
Outstanding Non-Resident Production
Nominated

Touring Broadway Award
Best Musical Score
Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus
Won

text: Response[edit]

text: Box office and business[edit]

text: On any given day, there are at least seven performances of Mamma Mia! being performed around the globe.

text: On May 15, 2005, Mamma Mia! surpassed the original Broadway runs of The Sound of Music, The King and I, and Damn Yankees with 1,500 performances.[16] On March 6, 2014, it surpassed Rent to become the 8th longest-running Broadway musical and 9th longest-running show of all time with 5,124 performances, [33][34] then surpassed Beauty and the Beast's 5,462 performances that same year, on December 14, to become Broadway's 7th longest-running musical and 8th longest-running show.[35] The Broadway run ended on September 12, 2015, with its 5,758th performance, and was passed two years later (August 16, 2017) by Wicked to move one spot down in the list of longest-running Broadway shows.[36]

text: When Mamma Mia! opened in Russia, it received a very positive response.[37] As of January 2008, Mamma Mia! became the longest daily running show in the history of Russian theatre.


document_title: List of Presidents of the United States by age

question_text: who was the oldest man ever elected president

root

text: Overview[edit]

text: The median age at accession to the presidency is roughly 55 years and 6 months, which is about how old Benjamin Harrison was at the time of his inauguration. The youngest person to assume the office was Theodore Roosevelt, who became president following William McKinley's assassination, at the age of 7004156620000000000♠42 years, 322 days. The youngest person elected president was John F. Kennedy, who was inaugurated into office at the age of 7004159420000000000♠43 years, 236 days. Assassinated three years into his term, he became the youngest at the time of leaving office (7004169780000000000♠46 years, 177 days); the youngest person at the time of leaving office after serving a full four-year term was Theodore Roosevelt (7004183900000000000♠50 years, 128 days). The oldest person at the time of entering office was Donald Trump, at the age of 7004257880000000000♠70 years, 220 days; Ronald Reagan was the oldest person in office, at the age of 7004284730000000000♠77 years, 349 days when his presidency ended in January 1989.

tag: p

text: The oldest living president is George H. W. Bush, born June 12, 1924 (age 7004340660000000000♠93 years, 98 days). The second oldest living president, Jimmy Carter, has the distinction of having the longest post-presidency in U.S. history, currently at 7004133900000000000♠36 years, 241 days. The youngest living president is Barack Obama, born August 4, 1961 (age 7004204990000000000♠56 years, 45 days).

text: The longest-lived president was Gerald Ford, who died at the age of 7004341330000000000♠93 years, 165 days. He surpassed Ronald Reagan for this distinction on November 11, 2006, 45 days prior to his death. (Reagan had surpassed the longevity of the nation's second president, John Adams, on October 12, 2001.) The shortest-lived president to have died by natural causes (excluding John Kennedy and James A. Garfield—who, like Kennedy, was assassinated) was James K. Polk, who died at the age of 7004195830000000000♠53 years, 225 days; only 103 days after leaving office.

text: Since 1797, when George Washington's service as president ended, there have been five periods in American history where the only living president was the incumbent president.

text:
John Adams, December 14, 1799 to March 4, 1801, between the death of George Washington, and the first inauguration of Thomas Jefferson
Ulysses S. Grant, July 31, 1875 to March 4, 1877, between the death of Andrew Johnson and the inauguration of Rutherford B. Hayes
Theodore Roosevelt, June 24, 1908 to March 4, 1909, between the death of Grover Cleveland and the inauguration of William Howard Taft
Herbert Hoover, January 5, 1933 to March 4, 1933, between the death of Calvin Coolidge and the first inauguration of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Richard Nixon, January 22, 1973 to August 9, 1974, between the death of Lyndon B. Johnson and the inauguration of Gerald Ford.

tag: ol

text: The greatest number of presidents—former presidents plus the incumbent—alive at any given time is six, which has happened four times.

text:
Including: Martin Van Buren, John Tyler, Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, and Abraham Lincoln; between March 4, 1861 (Abraham Lincoln's first inauguration) and January 18, 1862 (John Tyler's death)
Including: Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, and Bill Clinton; between January 20, 1993 (Bill Clinton's first inauguration) and April 22, 1994 (Richard Nixon's death)
Including: Gerald Ford, Jimmy Carter, Ronald Reagan, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton and George W. Bush; between January 20, 2001 (George W. Bush's first inauguration) and June 5, 2004 (Ronald Reagan's death)
Including: Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama and Donald Trump; began on January 20, 2017 (Donald Trump's inauguration) and is ongoing.

text: Six U.S. presidents have lived into their 90s. They are (in order of birth):

text:
John Adams
(1735–1826)

Herbert Hoover
(1874–1964)

Ronald Reagan
(1911–2004)

Gerald Ford
(1913–2006)

George H. W. Bush
(born 1924)

Jimmy Carter
(born 1924)

tag: table

text: List of presidents by age[edit]

text:
#
President
Birth date
Presidency
start date
Age at
start date
Presidency
end date
Age at
end date
Post-presidency
timespan
Death date
Lifespan

1
Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington
000000001732-02-22-0000Feb 22, 1732[a]
000000001789-04-30-0000Apr 30, 1789
7004208870000000000♠57 years, 67 days
000000001797-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1797
7004237520000000000♠65 years, 10 days
01,0151,015 days
(7003101500000000000♠2 years, 285 days)
000000001799-12-14-0000Dec 14, 1799
7004247670000000000♠67 years, 295 days
(24,767 days)

2
Adams, John A.John Adams
000000001735-10-30-0000Oct 30, 1735[a]
000000001797-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1797
7004224060000000000♠61 years, 125 days
000000001801-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1801
7004238660000000000♠65 years, 125 days
09,2539,253 days
(7003925300000000000♠25 years, 122 days)
000000001826-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1826
7004331190000000000♠90 years, 247 days
(33,119 days)

3
Jefferson, ThomasThomas Jefferson
000000001743-04-13-0000Apr 13, 1743[a]
000000001801-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1801
7004211440000000000♠57 years, 325 days
000000001809-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1809
7004240660000000000♠65 years, 325 days
06,3316,331 days
(7003633100000000000♠17 years, 122 days)
000000001826-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1826
7004303970000000000♠83 years, 82 days
(30,397 days)

4
Madison, JamesJames Madison
000000001751-03-16-0000Mar 16, 1751[a]
000000001809-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1809
7004211720000000000♠57 years, 353 days
000000001817-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1817
7004240940000000000♠65 years, 353 days
07,0567,056 days
(7003705600000000000♠19 years, 116 days)
000000001836-06-28-0000Jun 28, 1836
7004311500000000000♠85 years, 104 days
(31,150 days)

5
Monroe, JamesJames Monroe
000000001758-04-28-0000Apr 28, 1758
000000001817-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1817
7004214940000000000♠58 years, 310 days
000000001825-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1825
7004244160000000000♠66 years, 310 days
02,3132,313 days
(7003231300000000000♠6 years, 122 days)
000000001831-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1831
7004267290000000000♠73 years, 67 days
(26,729 days)

6
Adams, John Q. John Q. Adams
000000001767-07-11-0000Jul 11, 1767
000000001825-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1825
7004210550000000000♠57 years, 236 days
000000001829-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1829
7004225160000000000♠61 years, 236 days
06,9306,930 days
(7003693000000000000♠18 years, 356 days)
000000001848-02-23-0000Feb 23, 1848
7004294460000000000♠80 years, 227 days
(29,446 days)

7
Jackson, AndrewAndrew Jackson
000000001767-03-15-0000Mar 15, 1767
000000001829-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1829
7004226340000000000♠61 years, 354 days
000000001837-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1837
7004255560000000000♠69 years, 354 days
03,0183,018 days
(7003301800000000000♠8 years, 96 days)
000000001845-06-08-0000Jun 8, 1845
7004285740000000000♠78 years, 85 days
(28,574 days)

8
Van Buren, MartinMartin Van Buren
000000001782-12-05-0000Dec 5, 1782
000000001837-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1837
7004198120000000000♠54 years, 89 days
000000001841-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1841
7004212730000000000♠58 years, 89 days
07,8127,812 days
(7003781200000000000♠21 years, 142 days)
000000001862-07-24-0000Jul 24, 1862
7004290850000000000♠79 years, 231 days
(29,085 days)

9
Harrison, William H.William H. Harrison
000000001773-02-09-0000Feb 9, 1773
000000001841-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1841
7004248590000000000♠68 years, 23 days
000000001841-04-04-0000Apr 4, 1841[b]
7004248900000000000♠68 years, 54 days
00,0000 days
000000001841-04-04-0000Apr 4, 1841
7004248900000000000♠68 years, 54 days
(24,890 days)

10
Tyler, JohnJohn Tyler
000000001790-03-29-0000Mar 29, 1790
000000001841-04-04-0000Apr 4, 1841
7004186330000000000♠51 years, 6 days
000000001845-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1845
7004200630000000000♠54 years, 340 days
06,1646,164 days
(7003616400000000000♠16 years, 320 days)
000000001862-01-18-0000Jan 18, 1862
7004262270000000000♠71 years, 295 days
(26,227 days)

11
Polk, James K.James K. Polk
000000001795-11-02-0000Nov 2, 1795
000000001845-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1845
7004180190000000000♠49 years, 122 days
000000001849-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1849
7004194800000000000♠53 years, 122 days
00,103103 days
000000001849-06-15-0000Jun 15, 1849
7004195830000000000♠53 years, 225 days
(19,583 days)

12
Taylor, ZacharyZachary Taylor
000000001784-11-24-0000Nov 24, 1784
000000001849-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1849
7004234750000000000♠64 years, 100 days
000000001850-07-09-0000Jul 9, 1850[b]
7004239670000000000♠65 years, 227 days
00,0000 days
000000001850-07-09-0000Jul 9, 1850
7004239670000000000♠65 years, 227 days
(23,967 days)

13
Fillmore, MillardMillard Fillmore
000000001800-01-07-0000Jan 7, 1800
000000001850-07-09-0000Jul 9, 1850
7004184450000000000♠50 years, 183 days
000000001853-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1853
7004194140000000000♠53 years, 56 days
07,6747,674 days
(7003767400000000000♠21 years, 4 days)
000000001874-03-08-0000Mar 8, 1874
7004270880000000000♠74 years, 60 days
(27,088 days)

14
Pierce, FranklinFranklin Pierce
000000001804-11-23-0000Nov 23, 1804
000000001853-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1853
7004176330000000000♠48 years, 101 days
000000001857-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1857
7004190940000000000♠52 years, 101 days
04,6014,601 days
(7003460100000000000♠12 years, 218 days)
000000001869-10-08-0000Oct 8, 1869
7004236950000000000♠64 years, 319 days
(23,695 days)

15
Buchanan, JamesJames Buchanan
000000001791-04-23-0000Apr 23, 1791
000000001857-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1857
7004240560000000000♠65 years, 315 days
000000001861-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1861
7004255170000000000♠69 years, 315 days
02,6462,646 days
(7003264600000000000♠7 years, 89 days)
000000001868-06-01-0000Jun 1, 1868
7004281630000000000♠77 years, 39 days
(28,163 days)

16
Lincoln, AbrahamAbraham Lincoln
000000001809-02-12-0000Feb 12, 1809
000000001861-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1861
7004190130000000000♠52 years, 20 days
000000001865-04-15-0000Apr 15, 1865[b]
7004205160000000000♠56 years, 62 days
00,0000 days
000000001865-04-15-0000Apr 15, 1865
7004205160000000000♠56 years, 62 days
(20,516 days)

17
Johnson, AndrewAndrew Johnson
000000001808-12-29-0000Dec 29, 1808
000000001865-04-15-0000Apr 15, 1865
7004205610000000000♠56 years, 107 days
000000001869-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1869
7004219800000000000♠60 years, 65 days
02,3402,340 days
(7003234000000000000♠6 years, 149 days)
000000001875-07-31-0000Jul 31, 1875
7004243200000000000♠66 years, 214 days
(24,320 days)

18
Grant, Ulysses S.Ulysses S. Grant
000000001822-04-27-0000Apr 27, 1822
000000001869-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1869
7004171130000000000♠46 years, 311 days
000000001877-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1877
7004200350000000000♠54 years, 311 days
03,0633,063 days
(7003306300000000000♠8 years, 141 days)
000000001885-07-23-0000Jul 23, 1885
7004230980000000000♠63 years, 87 days
(23,098 days)

19
Hayes, Rutherford B.Rutherford B. Hayes
000000001822-10-04-0000Oct 4, 1822
000000001877-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1877
7004198750000000000♠54 years, 151 days
000000001881-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1881
7004213360000000000♠58 years, 151 days
04,3374,337 days
(7003433700000000000♠11 years, 319 days)
000000001893-01-17-0000Jan 17, 1893
7004256730000000000♠70 years, 105 days
(25,673 days)

20
Garfield, James A.James A. Garfield
000000001831-11-19-0000Nov 19, 1831
000000001881-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1881
7004180030000000000♠49 years, 105 days
000000001881-09-19-0000Sep 19, 1881[b]
7004182020000000000♠49 years, 304 days
00,0000 days
000000001881-09-19-0000Sep 19, 1881
7004182020000000000♠49 years, 304 days
(18,202 days)

21
Arthur, Chester A.Chester A. Arthur
000000001829-10-05-0000Oct 5, 1829
000000001881-09-19-0000Sep 19, 1881
7004189770000000000♠51 years, 349 days
000000001885-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1885
7004202390000000000♠55 years, 150 days
00,624624 days
(7002624000000000000♠1 year, 259 days)
000000001886-11-18-0000Nov 18, 1886
7004208630000000000♠57 years, 44 days
(20,863 days)

22
Cleveland, GroverGrover Cleveland
000000001837-03-18-0000Mar 18, 1837
000000001885-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1885
7004175180000000000♠47 years, 351 days
000000001889-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1889
7004189790000000000♠51 years, 351 days
05,5905,590 days[c]
(15 years, 112 days)
000000001908-06-24-0000Jun 24, 1908
7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days
(26,030 days)

23
Harrison, BenjaminBenjamin Harrison
000000001833-08-20-0000Aug 20, 1833
000000001889-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1889
7004202850000000000♠55 years, 196 days
000000001893-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1893
7004217460000000000♠59 years, 196 days
02,9302,930 days
(7003293000000000000♠8 years, 9 days)
000000001901-03-13-0000Mar 13, 1901
7004246760000000000♠67 years, 205 days
(24,676 days)

24
Cleveland, GroverGrover Cleveland
000000001837-03-18-0000Mar 18, 1837
000000001893-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1893
7004204400000000000♠55 years, 351 days
000000001897-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1897
7004219010000000000♠59 years, 351 days
05,5905,590 days[c]
(15 years, 112 days)
000000001908-06-24-0000Jun 24, 1908
7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days
(26,030 days)

25
McKinley, WilliamWilliam McKinley
000000001843-01-29-0000Jan 29, 1843
000000001897-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1897
7004197580000000000♠54 years, 34 days
000000001901-09-14-0000Sep 14, 1901[b]
7004214120000000000♠58 years, 228 days
00,0000 days
000000001901-09-14-0000Sep 14, 1901
7004214120000000000♠58 years, 228 days
(21,412 days)

26
Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt
000000001858-10-27-0000Oct 27, 1858
000000001901-09-14-0000Sep 14, 1901
7004156620000000000♠42 years, 322 days
000000001909-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1909
7004183900000000000♠50 years, 128 days
03,5953,595 days
(7003359500000000000♠9 years, 308 days)
000000001919-01-06-0000Jan 6, 1919
7004219850000000000♠60 years, 71 days
(21,985 days)

27
Taft, William H.William H. Taft
000000001857-09-15-0000Sep 15, 1857
000000001909-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1909
7004187970000000000♠51 years, 170 days
000000001913-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1913
7004202580000000000♠55 years, 170 days
06,2136,213 days
(7003621300000000000♠17 years, 4 days)
000000001930-03-08-0000Mar 8, 1930
7004264710000000000♠72 years, 174 days
(26,471 days)

28
Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
000000001856-12-28-0000Dec 28, 1856
000000001913-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1913
7004205190000000000♠56 years, 66 days
000000001921-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1921
7004234410000000000♠64 years, 66 days
01,0661,066 days
(7003106600000000000♠2 years, 336 days)
000000001924-02-03-0000Feb 3, 1924
7004245070000000000♠67 years, 37 days
(24,507 days)

29
Harding, Warren G.Warren G. Harding
000000001865-11-02-0000Nov 2, 1865
000000001921-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1921
7004202100000000000♠55 years, 122 days
000000001923-08-02-0000Aug 2, 1923[b]
7004210910000000000♠57 years, 273 days
00,0000 days
000000001923-08-02-0000Aug 2, 1923
7004210910000000000♠57 years, 273 days
(21,091 days)

30
Coolidge, CalvinCalvin Coolidge
000000001872-07-04-0000Jul 4, 1872
000000001923-08-02-0000Aug 2, 1923
7004186550000000000♠51 years, 29 days
000000001929-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1929
7004206960000000000♠56 years, 243 days
01,4031,403 days
(7003140300000000000♠3 years, 307 days)
000000001933-01-05-0000Jan 5, 1933
7004220990000000000♠60 years, 185 days
(22,099 days)

31
Hoover, HerbertHerbert Hoover
000000001874-08-10-0000Aug 10, 1874
000000001929-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1929
7004199290000000000♠54 years, 206 days
000000001933-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1933
7004213900000000000♠58 years, 206 days
11,55311,553 days
(7004115530000000000♠31 years, 230 days)
000000001964-10-20-0000Oct 20, 1964
7004329430000000000♠90 years, 71 days
(32,943 days)

32
Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt
000000001882-01-30-0000Jan 30, 1882
000000001933-03-04-0000Mar 4, 1933
7004186600000000000♠51 years, 33 days
000000001945-04-12-0000Apr 12, 1945[b]
7004230820000000000♠63 years, 72 days
00,0000 days
000000001945-04-12-0000Apr 12, 1945
7004230820000000000♠63 years, 72 days
(23,082 days)

33
Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman
000000001884-05-08-0000May 8, 1884
000000001945-04-12-0000Apr 12, 1945
7004222530000000000♠60 years, 339 days
000000001953-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1953
7004250930000000000♠68 years, 257 days
07,2807,280 days
(7003728000000000000♠19 years, 341 days)
000000001972-12-26-0000Dec 26, 1972
7004323730000000000♠88 years, 232 days
(32,373 days)

34
Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower
000000001890-10-14-0000Oct 14, 1890
000000001953-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1953
7004227430000000000♠62 years, 98 days
000000001961-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1961
7004256650000000000♠70 years, 98 days
02,9892,989 days
(7003298900000000000♠8 years, 67 days)
000000001969-03-28-0000Mar 28, 1969
7004286540000000000♠78 years, 165 days
(28,654 days)

35
Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy
000000001917-05-29-0000May 29, 1917
000000001961-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1961
7004159420000000000♠43 years, 236 days
000000001963-11-22-0000Nov 22, 1963[b]
7004169780000000000♠46 years, 177 days
00,0000 days
000000001963-11-22-0000Nov 22, 1963
7004169780000000000♠46 years, 177 days
(16,978 days)

36
Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson
000000001908-08-27-0000Aug 27, 1908
000000001963-11-22-0000Nov 22, 1963
7004201750000000000♠55 years, 87 days
000000001969-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1969
7004220610000000000♠60 years, 146 days
01,4631,463 days
(7003146300000000000♠4 years, 2 days)
000000001973-01-22-0000Jan 22, 1973
7004235240000000000♠64 years, 148 days
(23,524 days)

37
Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon
000000001913-01-09-0000Jan 9, 1913
000000001969-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1969
7004204650000000000♠56 years, 11 days
000000001974-08-09-0000Aug 9, 1974[d]
7004224920000000000♠61 years, 212 days
07,1967,196 days
(7003719600000000000♠19 years, 256 days)
000000001994-04-22-0000Apr 22, 1994
7004296880000000000♠81 years, 103 days
(29,688 days)

38
Ford, GeraldGerald Ford
000000001913-07-14-0000Jul 14, 1913
000000001974-08-09-0000Aug 9, 1974
7004223060000000000♠61 years, 26 days
000000001977-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1977
7004232010000000000♠63 years, 190 days
10,93210,932 days
(7004109320000000000♠29 years, 340 days)
000000002006-12-26-0000Dec 26, 2006
7004341330000000000♠93 years, 165 days
(34,133 days)

39
Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter
000000001924-10-01-0000Oct 1, 1924
000000001977-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1977
7004191040000000000♠52 years, 111 days
000000001981-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1981
7004205650000000000♠56 years, 111 days
13,39013,390 days[e]
(7004133900000000000♠36 years, 241 days)
2017-09-18
7004339550000000000♠92 years, 352 days(33,955 days)

40
Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
000000001911-02-06-0000Feb 6, 1911
000000001981-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1981
7004255510000000000♠69 years, 349 days
000000001989-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1989
7004284730000000000♠77 years, 349 days
05,6155,615 days
(7003561500000000000♠15 years, 137 days)
000000002004-06-05-0000Jun 5, 2004
7004340880000000000♠93 years, 120 days
(34,088 days)

41
Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
000000001924-06-12-0000Jun 12, 1924
000000001989-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1989
7004235980000000000♠64 years, 222 days
000000001993-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1993
7004250590000000000♠68 years, 222 days
09,0079,007 days[e]
(7003900700000000000♠24 years, 241 days)
2017-09-18
7004340660000000000♠93 years, 98 days(34,066 days)

42
Clinton, BillBill Clinton
000000001946-08-19-0000Aug 19, 1946
000000001993-01-20-0000Jan 20, 1993
7004169560000000000♠46 years, 154 days
000000002001-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2001
7004198780000000000♠54 years, 154 days
06,0856,085 days[e]
(7003608500000000000♠16 years, 241 days)
2017-09-18
7004259630000000000♠71 years, 30 days(25,963 days)

43
Bush, George W.George W. Bush
000000001946-07-06-0000Jul 6, 1946
000000002001-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2001
7004199220000000000♠54 years, 198 days
000000002009-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2009
7004228440000000000♠62 years, 198 days
03,1633,163 days[e]
(7003316300000000000♠8 years, 241 days)
2017-09-18
7004260070000000000♠71 years, 74 days(26,007 days)

44
Obama, BarackBarack Obama
000000001961-08-04-0000Aug 4, 1961
000000002009-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2009
7004173360000000000♠47 years, 169 days
000000002017-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2017
7004202580000000000♠55 years, 169 days
00,134241241 days[e]
2017-09-18
7004204990000000000♠56 years, 45 days(20,499 days)

45
Trump, DonaldDonald Trump
000000001946-06-14-0000Jun 14, 1946
000000002017-01-20-0000Jan 20, 2017
7004257880000000000♠70 years, 220 days
2017-09-18
7004288540000000000♠78 years, 364 days
24,732
2017-09-18
7004260290000000000♠71 years, 96 days(26,029 days)

#
President
Birth date
Presidency
start date
Age at
start date
Presidency
end date
Age at
end date
Post-presidency
timespan
Death date
Lifespan

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d Birthdate as changed to New Style.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h Died in office.
^ Jump up to: a b Cleveland was retired for 1,461 days between his two terms (1889–1893), and then another 4,129 days from the end of his 2nd term (1897) until his death (1908).
Jump up ^ Resigned from office.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Ongoing.

text: Timeline of oldest living presidents[edit]

text: Of the 44 persons who have served as president, 24 have become the oldest such individual of their time. Herbert Hoover became the oldest living president (while still president himself) when Calvin Coolidge died in January 1933, and retained this distinction until his death 31 years later. Lyndon B. Johnson became the oldest living president upon the death of Harry S. Truman in December 1972 but held this distinction for only 27 days.

text: On three occasions the oldest living president lost this distinction not by his death, but by the election of a president who was older. Theodore Roosevelt (born 1858) lost this distinction when William Taft (born 1857) was inaugurated, then four years later Taft lost it when Woodrow Wilson (born 1856) was inaugurated. More recently, Richard Nixon (born 1913) ceased being the oldest living president when Ronald Reagan (born 1911) was inaugurated. Furthermore, although Theodore Roosevelt was the youngest ever to become both the oldest living president (at age 50) and a former president (at age 51), he was the only living president or former president by the end of his term. Consequently, Taft was the oldest living president twice: first during his presidency (having succeeded the younger Roosevelt), and a second time after Wilson (his successor as president but an older man) died. Gerald Ford was the oldest individual to acquire this distinction at the age of 90.

text: On seven occasions, the oldest living president has acquired this distinction during his term in office. In the cases of John Adams, Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, Herbert Hoover and Richard Nixon, this happened at the same time as their becoming the only living president; in the cases of Andrew Jackson and Benjamin Harrison, the only other living president at the time was a younger predecessor (John Quincy Adams and Grover Cleveland respectively).

text:
President
Became oldest living president
Ceased to be oldest living president
Age at
start date
Age at
end date
Duration
(years, days)
Duration (days)

Washington, GeorgeGeorge Washington
000000001789-04-30-0000April 30, 1789
000000001799-12-14-0000December 14, 1799
7004208870000000000♠57 years, 67 days
7004247670000000000♠67 years, 295 days
7003388000000000000♠10 years, 228 days
03,8803,880 days

Adams, JohnJohn Adams
000000001799-12-14-0000December 14, 1799
000000001826-07-04-0000July 4, 1826
7004234210000000000♠64 years, 45 days
7004331190000000000♠90 years, 247 days
7003969800000000000♠26 years, 202 days
09,6989,698 days

Madison, JamesJames Madison
000000001826-07-04-0000July 4, 1826
000000001836-06-28-0000June 28, 1836
7004275030000000000♠75 years, 110 days
7004311500000000000♠85 years, 104 days
7003364700000000000♠9 years, 360 days
03,6473,647 days

Jackson, AndrewAndrew Jackson
000000001836-06-28-0000June 28, 1836
000000001845-06-08-0000June 8, 1845
7004253070000000000♠69 years, 105 days
7004285740000000000♠78 years, 85 days
7003326700000000000♠8 years, 345 days
03,2673,267 days

Adams, John QuincyJohn Quincy Adams
000000001845-06-08-0000June 8, 1845
000000001848-02-23-0000February 23, 1848
7004284560000000000♠77 years, 332 days
7004294460000000000♠80 years, 227 days
7002990000000000000♠2 years, 260 days
00,990990 days

Van Buren, MartinMartin Van Buren
000000001848-02-23-0000February 23, 1848
000000001862-07-24-0000July 24, 1862
7004238200000000000♠65 years, 80 days
7004290850000000000♠79 years, 231 days
7003526500000000000♠14 years, 151 days
05,2655,265 days

Buchanan, JamesJames Buchanan
000000001862-07-24-0000July 24, 1862
000000001868-06-01-0000June 1, 1868
7004260240000000000♠71 years, 92 days
7004281630000000000♠77 years, 39 days
7003213900000000000♠5 years, 313 days
02,1392,139 days

Fillmore, MillardMillard Fillmore
000000001868-06-01-0000June 1, 1868
000000001874-03-08-0000March 8, 1874
7004249820000000000♠68 years, 146 days
7004270880000000000♠74 years, 60 days
7003210600000000000♠5 years, 280 days
02,1062,106 days

Johnson, AndrewAndrew Johnson
000000001874-03-08-0000March 8, 1874
000000001875-07-31-0000July 31, 1875
7004238100000000000♠65 years, 69 days
7004243200000000000♠66 years, 214 days
7002510000000000000♠1 year, 145 days
00,510510 days

Grant, Ulysses S.Ulysses S. Grant
000000001875-07-31-0000July 31, 1875
000000001885-07-23-0000July 23, 1885
7004194530000000000♠53 years, 95 days
7004230980000000000♠63 years, 87 days
7003364500000000000♠9 years, 357 days
03,6453,645 days

Hayes, Rutherford B.Rutherford B. Hayes
000000001885-07-23-0000July 23, 1885
000000001893-01-17-0000January 17, 1893
7004229380000000000♠62 years, 292 days
7004256730000000000♠70 years, 105 days
7003273500000000000♠7 years, 178 days
02,7352,735 days

Harrison, BenjaminBenjamin Harrison
000000001893-01-17-0000January 17, 1893
000000001901-03-13-0000March 13, 1901
7004217000000000000♠59 years, 150 days
7004246760000000000♠67 years, 205 days
7003297600000000000♠8 years, 55 days
02,9762,976 days

Cleveland, GroverGrover Cleveland
000000001901-03-13-0000March 13, 1901
000000001908-06-24-0000June 24, 1908
7004233700000000000♠63 years, 360 days
7004260300000000000♠71 years, 98 days
7003266000000000000♠7 years, 103 days
02,6602,660 days

Roosevelt, TheodoreTheodore Roosevelt
000000001908-06-24-0000June 24, 1908
000000001909-03-04-0000March 4, 1909
7004181370000000000♠49 years, 241 days
7004183900000000000♠50 years, 128 days
7002253000000000000♠253 days
00,253253 days

Taft, William HowardWilliam Howard Taft
000000001909-03-04-0000March 4, 1909
000000001913-03-04-0000March 4, 1913
7004187970000000000♠51 years, 170 days
7004202580000000000♠55 years, 170 days
7003146100000000000♠4 years, 0 days
01,4611,461 days

Wilson, WoodrowWoodrow Wilson
000000001913-03-04-0000March 4, 1913
000000001924-02-03-0000February 3, 1924
7004205190000000000♠56 years, 66 days
7004245070000000000♠67 years, 37 days
7003398800000000000♠10 years, 336 days
03,9883,988 days

Taft, William HowardWilliam Howard Taft
000000001924-02-03-0000February 3, 1924
000000001930-03-08-0000March 8, 1930
7004242460000000000♠66 years, 141 days
7004264710000000000♠72 years, 174 days
7003222500000000000♠6 years, 33 days
02,2252,225 days

Coolidge, CalvinCalvin Coolidge
000000001930-03-08-0000March 8, 1930
000000001933-01-05-0000January 5, 1933
7004210650000000000♠57 years, 247 days
7004220990000000000♠60 years, 185 days
7003103400000000000♠2 years, 303 days
01,0341,034 days

Hoover, HerbertHerbert Hoover
000000001933-01-05-0000January 5, 1933
000000001964-10-20-0000October 20, 1964
7004213320000000000♠58 years, 148 days
7004329430000000000♠90 years, 71 days
7004116110000000000♠31 years, 289 days
11,61111,611 days

Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman
000000001964-10-20-0000October 20, 1964
000000001972-12-26-0000December 26, 1972
7004293840000000000♠80 years, 165 days
7004323730000000000♠88 years, 232 days
7003298900000000000♠8 years, 67 days
02,9892,989 days

Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson
000000001972-12-26-0000December 26, 1972
000000001973-01-22-0000January 22, 1973
7004234970000000000♠64 years, 121 days
7004235240000000000♠64 years, 148 days
7001270000000000000♠27 days
00,02727 days

Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon
000000001973-01-22-0000January 22, 1973
000000001981-01-20-0000January 20, 1981
7004219280000000000♠60 years, 13 days
7004248480000000000♠68 years, 11 days
7003292000000000000♠7 years, 364 days
02,9202,920 days

Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
000000001981-01-20-0000January 20, 1981
000000002004-06-05-0000June 5, 2004
7004255510000000000♠69 years, 349 days
7004340880000000000♠93 years, 120 days
7003853700000000000♠23 years, 137 days
08,5378,537 days

Ford, GeraldGerald Ford
000000002004-06-05-0000June 5, 2004
000000002006-12-26-0000December 26, 2006
7004331990000000000♠90 years, 327 days
7004341330000000000♠93 years, 165 days
7002934000000000000♠2 years, 204 days
00,934934 days

Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
000000002006-12-26-0000December 26, 2006
Current
7004301470000000000♠82 years, 197 days
Current
7003391900000000000♠10 years, 266 days
03,9193,919 days

President
Became oldest living president
Ceased to be oldest living president
Age at
start date
Age at
end date
Duration
(years, days)
Duration
(days)

text: Sources[edit]

text:
Frank Freidel and Hugh S. Sidey, "The Presidents of the United States". The White House.
Robert S. Summers, "POTUS: Presidents of the United States". Internet Public Library.

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text:
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document_title: Savitri Devi College & Hospital

question_text: real name of isha in savitri devi college and hospital

text: Savitri Devi College & Hospital

text: Plot[edit]

text: Savitri Devi College and Hospital is a medical-drama and callous doctors based TV serial which is being produced by Rashmi Sharma and broadcast on Colors TV. The show traces the journey of a young intern, Saanchi, on her way to fulfill her mother, Jaya's, dream. The serial starts with Saachi Mishra who wants her internship to be in Savitri Devi College & Hospital but does not find her name in the list her Friends Esha and Pragya pressurize her to start working with a fake identity of Saachi Agarwal she does because she wants to fulfill her mother Jaya's dream. When jaya comes to know that her daughter is working with a fake identity after meeting Dr. Anand Malhotra the owner of Hospital. She tells Saachi of her personal enmity with Anand. Jaya tells her daughter that Savitri Devi College & Hospital was saachi father Sunil Mishra's dream and how Anand cleverly plotted against him. Savitri Anand's first wife is a good person and also a close friend of Jaya that is why Anand forcefully removed Saachi name from the list of Interns. Saachi's aggression on Dr. Malhotra is increased. With a view of devastating his life and making it hell she enters the hospital and also to make the hospital as her father wished. on her journey she comes across number of malpractices in the hospital and stands against it. Veer Dr. Malhotra and Savitri's son find the hospital as his playschool and also he is one of the biggest pranksters. he is totally snitten with Saachi. Saachi unknowningly is also falls for him. When she comes to know that Veer is Dr. Malhotra's son she forbids him and ignore him. Also because of the ill health of Dr. Kabir's mother, Dr. Kabir the best doctor in the hospital she is compelled to act as if she is marrying him. Riya Malhotra the daughter of Anand and Gayathri, his second wife is also in the same hospital jealous with Saachi and likes Kabir. And she also creates a lot of trouble. This leads to the misunderstanding between Veer and Saachi even after the true revelation Veer ignores her. Saachi apologises but he is not ready to forgive her. Instead he goes for a camp to keep him away from Saachi's attraction. On the other side Saachi finds out the Savitri Devi the mother of Veer and Priya is alive and in coma on the 10th floor of the hospital the restricted area.She tries to tell Veer but doesn't get any opportunity to tell him. On the other side of the story Priya Malhotra the daughter of Anand and Savitri is forced to marry Vikrant Chavla who is mentally abnormal. he dominates Priya to love him and not Sanket her previous love. By the treasure hunt game by saachi veer comes to know about his mother being alive, he swears to savitri that her rights that Anand wants to deprive her off is not going to happen now. He prevents the marriage and shouts to the whole world that Savitri Devi is alive. He also warns Anand to tell him the reason behind the condition of Savitri and why was he hiding her? Kabir and his interns succeeds in bringing at least some improvements in Savitri's condition. Ria tries to destroy their efforts but her attempts fail. But she alerts everyone. Also Veer comes to know that the person because of whom he comes to about his mother is Saachi. he forgives her and also apologize to her. They become friends again. Anand tells Veer the lie that the person behind Savitri's condition is Jaya Mishra and her daughter Saachi studying in this hospital with a fake identity. Veer believes it. On the other hand Sanket comes back in Priya's life. He works in Vikrant's office with the fake identity as Aniket. He swears to Priya that he will save her from Vikrant's clutches.

text: Currently there is a love triangle forming between kabir-sanchi- veer.

text: Cast & Characters[edit]

text:
Swarda Thigale as Dr. Sanchi Mishra
Vikram Sakhalkar as Dr. Kabir Kapoor
Varun Kapoor as Dr. Veer Malhotra

text: Supporting roles[edit]

text:
Mohan Kapur as Dr. Anand Malhotra
Shilpa Shirodkar as Jaya Mishra
Nishigandha Wad as Savitri Devi Anand Malhotra
Shruti Kanwar as Priya Vikrant Chawla
Neha Bagga as Dr.Pragya Yadav
Gautam Ahuja as Sunny Mishra
Aliya Naaz as Dr Bala
Meghna Datta as Dr Madhu
Garv Bajaj as Dr. Garv
Sharan Kaur as Dr. Isha Negi
Alan Kapoor as Sanket Sharma
Sonica Handa as Gayatri Anand Malhotra
Vandana Pathak as Vaidehi
Kishwar Merchant as Neeta Adarsh Malhotra
Shivaani Sopuri as Sumitra Devi Malhotra
Yuvraj Malhotra as Vikrant Chawla
Ashish Kaul as Mr. Chawla
Priya Malik as Ms. Fernandes
Aparna Ghoshal as Kusum Kapoor

text: Crossover episodes[edit]

text:
Shakti — Astitva Ke Ehsaas Ki on June 16, 2017 — Only Soumya came in this serial. It was not a proper crossover. Soumya comes to Savitri Devi to treat a transgender person who is ill. She asks Saanchi that can she be a woman.
Devanshi on July 17 – 19, 2017 — Devanshi had an accident and she comes to Savitri Devi Hospital. Before this, Saanchi knows Devanshi through phone communications and persuades Devanshi to tell her true identity meanwhile the family of Maa Kusum Sundari finds Devanshi aka Kalki Shah


document_title: Return address

question_text: where does the sender address go on an envelope

text: Return address

text: In postal mail, a return address is an explicit inclusion of the address of the person sending the message. It provides the recipient (and sometimes authorized intermediaries) with a means to determine how to respond to the sender of the message if needed. The return address need not include a sender's name, but should include address or P.O. box details in the same way as the delivery address should. In some countries, the return address is conventionally located in the upper left hand corner of the envelope, card, or label. In the United Kingdom, the return address is usually placed on the reverse of the envelope, near the top.[1]

text: Businesses often use envelopes preprinted with a return address. Many individuals have sheets of adhesive labels preprinted with their home address to affix to their correspondence. Charities sometimes include such sheets in mailshots. Rolls of Return Address Labels can be purchased from companies that sell personalized labels to provide individuals an easy way to peel and stick return address labels to their envelopes.

text: The return address is not required on postal mail. However, lack of a return address prevents the postal service from being able to return the item if it proves undeliverable; such as from damage, postage due, or invalid destination. Such mail may otherwise become dead letter mail.[2]

text: Should the return address be of a different state or country, the mail may be routed through that location for ease of return.

text: History[edit]

text: The return address has been used on U. S. postage since the 1880s. As pressure printing became more commonplace during the early 1900s, labels became cheaper and more easily distributed. The profession involved with producing these labels was known as lithography. During the 1950s in the United States, more and more mail was not arriving at intended recipients, and as a result of the lack of a return address, said mail ended up in the dead letter office. With this rise in dead mail, the post office pleaded for people to use a return address. Even after this, the public still tended to neglect adding a return address. This prompted the postmaster to inform the public that mail without a return address would be less of a priority than mail with a return address. Still, the public did not widely use a return address until the 1960s when companies began to offer deals for preprinted return labels such as 2,500 labels for $2.00. They became more popular with the invention of label dispensers. With the invention of the personal computer, software enabled people to print their own labels. As e-mail began to overtake written mail, the return address became automatic in an e-mail.[3]