document_title: Joe Turner's Come and Gone

question_text: what weapon does herald loomis have at the end of the play

text: Joe Turner's Come and Gone

text: Title[edit]

text: The original working title of the play was Mill Hand's Lunch Bucket, the title of a painting by Romare Bearden.[1] The title Joe Turner's Come and Gone is a line from the refrain of "Joe Turner", an early blues song.[2]

text: Contextual information[edit]

text: Joe Turner's Come and Gone is the second in a series of August Wilson's The Century Cycle, which chronicled the struggles and lives of African Americans in the 20th century. Joe Turner's Come and Gone is set in the second decade of the 20th century and chronicles the lives of a few freed former enslaved African Americans in the North and deals with the conflicts of racism and discrimination.

text: Plot synopsis[edit]

text: Act One[edit]

text: Scene one - Set in the 1910s, the audience is introduced to Seth Holly's boardinghouse, where Seth and his wife Bertha are in the kitchen watching Bynum in the backyard. Seth is complaining to Bertha about Bynum's strange spiritual activities. Bertha tells Seth to let him be as he isn’t bothering anyone. They also talk about Jeremy, a young man staying in the boardinghouse, getting arrested the night before for supposedly being drunk in public. Seth then has a monologue about the poor situation that the freed slaves are in after traveling up North. He worries that the African Americans are too naïve and that all the promises of jobs in the North will be taken by the poor white Americans. Then Rutherford Selig, the People Finder, comes to order dustpans from Seth, a maker of pots and pans. Then Bynum talks about an adventure that he once took up river where he found the "shiny man", a man he found on the road that offered to explain to him the Secret of Life. He had a spiritual encounter with the man, and sees the ghost of his father, telling him to find his song in life. His song, he later explains, is the Binding Song, which he uses to bind people to one another. Selig leaves and Jeremy enters, and after getting a scolding from Seth, he tells him that the white cops came and picked him up for no reason and that he was, in fact, not drunk at all. Then Herald Loomis and his daughter Zonia enter, looking for a place to stay for the week. They reveal that he is looking for his wife, Martha. After Seth shows them to their room, Jeremy relates a story about his guitar-playing abilities and how he is wary of playing for white men or money because of a bad experience. Bynum convinces Jeremy to go down to a bar to play for some money. Seth confides in Bynum and Bertha his lack of confidence in Loomis, and thinks that he is a "mean looking" man and he doesn’t want to help him find his wife because of it. After this Mattie Campbell enters, looking for Bynum because she has heard that he can "fix things". Her man, Jack, has up and left her, but she wants him to come back. Bynum tells her that he can only bind people that wish to be bound; that she is better off just letting him find his own path in life. Jeremy intervenes and suggests that Mattie stays with him as to cure both of their loneliness. The scene ends with Zonia and Reuben, the little boy from next door. Reuben discloses Bynum's odd tendencies to Zonia and tells her a story about his friend Eugene that used to sell pigeons to Bynum so he could use their blood in his rituals.

text: Scene Two- It is a week later and the audience again finds Seth and Bertha eating breakfast in the kitchen. Seth is still worried about Loomis's intentions and doesn’t like the look of the man. He suspects that he knows who Loomis's wife is but won’t tell him because he is worried about what he will do once he finds her. Selig returns to the house to pick up the dustpans that Seth has made for him and Loomis pays him to try to find his wife because Bynum tells him that Selig is the People Finder.

text: Scene Three- It is the next day and yet again we find Seth and Bertha in the kitchen. Seth is upset because he can’t find anyone to front him the money to make a new factory for making pots and pans. Then Bynum and Jeremy talk about the importance of being in love with a woman and how being with a woman is all a man needs in life. Then the last boarder enters, Molly Cunningham. She is also looking for a place to stay because she missed her train to Cincinnati. Jeremy takes a liking to Molly's appearance.

text: Scene Four- Again they are in the kitchen of the boarding house when the scene opens. The group has just finished eating dinner when Seth suggests they "juba"- an African style call and response song and dance. Loomis enters and demands that they stop the singing. He goes into an episode where he talks in tongues and falls to the floor. He starts recalling a religious hallucination and Bynum has to calm him down and take him upstairs.

text: Act Two[edit]

text: Scene 1- Seth informs Loomis that he has to leave the boardinghouse because he thinks that Loomis was drunk when he had his episode. Seth tells him that he runs a respectable house and won’t put up with any shenanigans. Loomis and Zonia have until the next Saturday to leave the house. Bynum, Molly and Mattie are left in the kitchen where they talk about how children often follow in their parents’ footsteps. Molly asserts that she will never follow her father's path and that she will always be a strong, independent woman. Mattie leaves for Doc Goldblum's, where she cleans and irons for work. Jeremy returns to the house from work and reveals to Seth that he would not give a white foreman 50 cents to keep his job so he was fired. Seth thinks it was an idiotic choice because now he is out of a job and no longer makes $8 a week. Molly tells Jeremy that he could easily get his job back by simply returning to work. Jeremy then asks Molly to travel around with him because he needs a woman that is independent and knows what she wants. Molly agrees but refuses to return to the South.

text: Scene Two- Bynum and Seth are playing a game of dominoes and Bynum is singing a song about Joe Turner. Loomis asks Bynum to stop because he is uncomfortable with the song. Bynum reveals that he knew all along that Loomis was taken away by Joe Turner and that he needs to find his song in order to start his life again. Loomis relates his story to Bynum and Seth, telling them that he was taken by Joe Turner's men while trying to preach to some gambling African Americans. He spent seven years on Turner's chain gang and only survived by the thought of his wife and daughter. He tells them that after seven years he returned home to find that his wife had left and his daughter was living with her grandmother. The scene ends with Loomis being skeptical of Bynum and his voodoo abilities.

text: Scene Three- The scene opens with Bertha reassuring Mattie that she will find everything that she wants and needs in life and that she just has to be patient. The scene ends with Loomis telling Mattie that he's noticed her watching him and that he finds her attractive. He goes to touch her, however, but feels awkward and says "I done forgot how to touch".

text: Scene Four- It is the next morning and Zonia and Reuben are in the yard. Reuben tells Zonia that he has seen the ghost of Seth's mother earlier that morning and she made him keep his promise to Eugene and release the pigeons. They marvel at the idea that people could come back to life in the form of spirits. Reuben then asks Zonia if he can kiss her on the lips and she agrees. They decide that later in life they will find each other to get married.

text: Scene Five- In the final scene Loomis and Zonia leave the boardinghouse as it is Saturday. Bertha tells Mattie that all she needs in life is love and laughing- which they all start to do. Then Martha Pentecost [Loomis] enters with Selig looking for Loomis and Zonia. Loomis reenters with Zonia and he recounts the last decade of his life; his search for her and the heartache it has caused him. Martha tells him that she has moved on with her life because she couldn’t wait for him any longer. Martha also reveals that she had Bynum put a binding spell on her and Zonia and that is why they have come to find each other. Loomis goes into a rage and pulls out a knife. He denounces his Christian background and slashes his chest. The stage directions read "Having found his song, the song of self-sufficiency, fully resurrected, cleansed and given breath, free from any encumbrance other than the workings of his own heart and the bonds of the flesh, having accepted the responsibility for his own presence in the world, he is free to soar above the environs that weighed and pushed his spirit into terrifying contractions." He leaves and the play ends with Bynum yelling "Herald Loomis, you shining! You shining like new money!"

text: Character guide[edit]

text: Seth Holly- In his early fifties, Seth is owner of the boardinghouse and works as a craftsman.

text: Bertha Holly- Seth's wife of 25 years and five years his junior, Bertha runs the boardinghouse. She does all the cooking and cleaning, later with the aid of Zonia.

text: Bynum Walker- A "conjure" man staying with the Holly's at the boardinghouse, Bynum is in his sixties and is a freed slave from the south.

text: Rutherford Selig- The only white character in the play, Selig is a peddler who sells Seth's goods. Known as the "People Finder", Selig is from a family that first brought Africans across the Atlantic to become slaves. But now he unites people by recording the names and places of all the people he peddles to.

text: Jeremy Furlow- Another resident of the boardinghouse, Jeremy is a guitar-playing 25-year-old. He came to the North looking for a job and a way in life. He works construction, putting in the new road outside of town.

text: Herald Loomis- An odd man who dons an overcoat and hat in mid-August, Loomis is 32 and a displaced slave searching for his wife. He was forced to work for Joe Turner for seven years, which separated him from his wife and daughter. He works as a deacon for the Abundant Life Church and at times was possessed by spiritual beings.

text: Zonia Loomis- Herald's daughter, Zonia is described as a tall and skinny 11-year-old.

text: Mattie Campbell- Mattie is a 25-year-old girl who is disappointed with her position in life and is looking for love.

text: Rueben Mercer- Rueben is the Holly's next door neighbor and about Zonia's age.

text: Molly Cunningham- Molly is a good looking young woman of 26 who is strong and independent.

text: Martha Pentecost- Loomis' wife, Martha is about 28 and very religious and a member of the Evangelical church. She left the South and her daughter behind.

text: Joe Turner- While Turner does not make an actual appearance in the play, he is often referred to with the expectation that the audience is aware of who he is. Joe Turner, the brother of the governor of Tennessee, would kidnap black men and force them into labor on his chain gang for seven years.

text: Character analysis[edit]

text: Seth Holly - Born of free African-American parents in the North, He is set in his ways; never losing his composure and always running a respectable house. He even condemns other African Americans that do not follow this kind of lifestyle. He is economically very capitalistic and does whatever is necessary to stay afloat; including working night shifts and odd craftsman jobs he can pick up from Selig. He understands his world on a very literal level, and doesn’t aspire to become more than he is.[3]

text: Bertha Holly- As Seth's wife, She knows her place in the hierarchy of the boardinghouse, yet still has some say in the decision making and will often voice her opinion. A very loving mother to the boardinghouse family. In the end, she tells Mattie that the only two things you need in your life are love and laughter; the things that she has had faith in and have helped her get by.

text: Bynum Walker- Also comfortable with his identity as an African conjurer, Bynum is one of few characters that understands his own identity. Convinced of the fact that everyone has their own song, Bynum perpetuates the theme of identity and our constant search for it.[3]

text: Rutherford Selig- This suspicion of white peddler perpetuates the mistrust between the races in the North and histories repetition. Selig's identity is well enforced with the history of his ancestors and the professions that he and they chose.[3][4]

text: Jeremy Furlow- A generation younger than the Holly's, Jeremy represents a young generation without a purpose and trying to find its own identity as the first liberated slaves. Jeremy's "blues playing" character is classified as a suave, artist young man looking to make a quick buck and travel the nation. He is constantly seeking the attention of the women in his vicinity and tries to find the perfect girl for himself.[3]

text: Herald Loomis- Having been enslaved by Joe Turner for seven years, Loomis has completely lost his way in life. In the end he finds his song, an independent, self-sufficient song that he can sing proudly.[3]

text: Zonia Loomis- Like Reuben, Zonia represents the next innocent, malleable generation. There is a sense that history will repeat itself if the proceeding generation is not taught differently.[4]

text: Mattie Campbell- Originally seeking out Bynum at Seth's boardinghouse, Mattie ends up living there after Jeremy invites her to stay with him after her boyfriend, Jack, left her. In her desperate search for love, Mattie represents a naïve, inexperienced group of young freed slaves that have moved North in search of prosperity. Mattie requires a man to complete her identity, she is weak and subservient; what she would be used to as a Southern slave.[3]

text: Rueben Mercer- Reuben represents the repetitiveness of history. Even as an adolescent, Reuben is aware of his place in society, notices the spiritual differences of people around him, and decides at a very early age that he needs a woman that he can find in end to settle down with and marry. Many of the ideals that are seen in the adult characters of this play are instilled in Reuben and will repeat, the good and the bad, as he grows into adulthood.[4]

text: Molly Cunningham- Molly represents the opposite of Mattie. Molly is young, attractive, and independent. Unwilling to let herself be told what to do anymore, by anyone, Molly is convinced that she will never return to the South and refuses be associated with anything that her old life entailed.

text: Martha Pentecost- Like Molly, Martha is an independent African-American woman. She attempted to escape the racial persecution, but still finds it In the North. For strength, she rejects her African identity and turns to Christianity. She does what it takes to ensure her self-preservation and remains a strong, self-sufficient woman until the end.

text: Joe Turner- Joe Turner is more of a representational character in this play than a literal character. By illegally kidnapping freed and run away slaves, Turner represents the evil of the Southern, racist white man.[3][4] He is based on the person of Joe Turney, brother of Tennessee governor Peter Turney.[5] See pages 53f in "Conversations with August Wilson"[6] "Joe Turner was the brother of Pete Turner, who was the governor of Tennessee, who would press Negroes in peonage." Also, see W.C. Handy's autobiography, p. 145.[7] "It goes back to Joe Turney (also called Turner), brother of Pete Turney, one-time governor of Tennessee. Joe had the responsibility of taking Negro prisoners from Memphis to the penitentiary at Nashville. Sometimes he took them to the "farms" along the Mississippi. Their crimes when indeed there were any crimes, were usually very minor, the object of the arrests being to provide needed labor for spots along the river. As usual, the method was to set a stool-pigeon where he could start a game of craps. The bones would roll blissfully till the required number of laborers had been drawn into the circle. At that point the law would fall upon the poor devils, arrest as many as were needed for work, try them for gambling in a kangaroo court and then turn the culprits over to Joe Turney. That night, perhaps, there would be weeping and wailing among the dusky belles. If one of them chanced to ask a neighbor what had become of the sweet good man, she was likely to receive the pat reply, 'They tell me Joe Turner's come and gone.'"

text: Genre[edit]

text: The genre of Joe Turner's Come and Gone is a drama. According to David Rush a drama is "a serious play in which the universe is reduced in size (173)".[8] He also describes it as a "private struggle, family situation, or a character grappling with some form of social injustice or another". Joe Turner lives in the small world of the Holly's boardinghouse and examines the struggles of its residents. Rush also mentions that

text: "characters in drama don’t fall into easy categories; nor are there recurring plot patterns that we can identify… The plays are always hybrids therefore, the best way to approach them is to apply the criteria of the [classic tragedy, classic comedy, melodrama, and farce] and see what conclusions we can draw."[8]

text: Again, Joe Turner does not seem to fall into one singular genre, but is a collaborative of already existing ones.

text: Style[edit]

text: While there are some depictions of unrealistic events, such as Loomis's "possession" and Bynum's stories about his shining man and inner song, style of Joe Turner is based in realism. In a relatively simple definition of realism, David Rush describes it as

text: "a style that attempts to depict life on stage as it is actually lived by the members of the audience. It shows us so-called everyday events happening to people like us who live in a world like ours and tells its story in a way that makes it appear logical and believable (191).[8]

text: Joe Turner is exactly that, a linear story line with depictions of everyday life for the residents of the boardinghouse. While modern audiences can’t necessarily relate with all aspects of this culture, it is definitely plausible in the context of American history. Later Rush goes on to qualify realism by "three unities: time, place, and action (192)".[8] Again this play follows this definition of realism in that it is linear plot, remains in the place- the boardinghouse in Pittsburgh- and effectively tells the story of the few people that live in this house.

text: In a review of the Ethel Barrymore staging of the play, Clive Barnes comments on the language, idiom, and mix of naturalism and symbolism are beautifully staged and the cast is excellent at depicting the realistic play and develop it a heartrending climax.[9]

text: Language[edit]

text: Much like the style of the play, the language used in Joe Turner is realistic in nature and depicts that of the dialogue of the day. Each of the characters has a specific rhythm and speech pattern. The dialogue of the characters also reflects the accents that the characters would have had; like Seth's Pennsylvanian twang and Loomis's Southern drawl. And according to Anne Fleche, there is a lack of suspense or surprise in the dialogue and the comfort of the language of the characters encourages the theme of reoccurring, oppressing experiences.[4]

text: Theme/ideas[edit]

text: The major themes in Joe Turner's Come and Gone are identity, migration, and racial discrimination. These core themes are ones August Wilson tends to use in many of his plays. one[3][10][11]

text:
Identity: The most prominent theme in Joe Turner is the idea of identity. Each of the characters, whether or not they realize it, is looking for his or her identity as an American, African, man, woman, businessman, and/or artist. As Alen Nadel describes, "For each of the characters, that quest for humanity is for a form of completeness which their circumstances, and history, has denied them. It may be economic security or fair employment practices, or a mate, or a family. (96)" Just because the Civil War decided the emancipation of slaves did not mean that human rights for the freed slaves were guaranteed. African Americans had to fight to find an identity in a strange, hostile environment while trying to hold on to their African roots.
Migration: The shuffling of people after the emancipation of the slaves caused many social and cultural issues throughout the nation. Along with the freedom to move about came the idea that no matter your background, there would be somewhere in the country that you could get by economically, if not be successful.
Racial Discrimination: Even though there seems to be a promise of jobs and freedom in the North, it often seems as racially divided as the South. Jeremy runs into the most discrimination, although all of the characters feel the effects of intolerance. Not only does discrimination affect the residents of the boardinghouse, but there is an even deeper level of exploitation seen throughout the play. Selig gets paid to find people that he relocates, white police officers take Jeremy's money, as does the foreman at his job building the road, and Selig is always trying to get a better price out of Seth for his labor. Even though the Civil War has ended, the African Americans were still being treated as objects rather than human beings.

text: Spectacle[edit]

text: Most of the spectacle in Joe Turner's Come and Gone is related to the spirituality and religious qualities of the characters. Bynum is often performing what characters in the play refer to as voodoo activities. In the beginning of the play he is referred to as spilling the blood of the pigeons and has interesting, different good luck charms and untraditional remedies. Also when Loomis becomes possessed by the Holy Spirit at the end of act one requires some spectacular situations and portrayals. Along with this "possession" is the juba song that requires the singing and dancing that is "as African as possible" with Seth playing harmonica, Bynum singing and drumming, and Jeremy playing guitar.

text: However, most of the play isn’t much spectacle at all. Mostly it chronicles the everyday lives of the residents of the boardinghouse. Some critics of the play even criticize the length of the play and say the play had "little action and but scenes with people yelling at each other".[12] In this way the play structure follows the realism genre in that it depicts real life on stage, with everyday activities being performed; like cooking, cleaning, etc.

text: Music[edit]

text: Music within this community seems to be a pivotal social catalyst. Many of the character either play an instrument or sing; Seth plays the harmonica, Jeremy plays the guitar, and Zonia and Bynum both sing within the play. Zonia is heard at the end of the first scene of act one "singing and playing a game." This playground song is completely innocent in manner and talks about a young girl that often makes mistakes. This song is used to further Zonia's characterization by showing her as the most innocent character in the play. Jeremy plays the guitar, which also has a typical connotation connected with the character Jeremy portrays. He is the naïve, young character that is fresh to the world. Like his guitar, Jeremy is hip and often represents popular, youthful culture. Seth plays the harmonica during the juba that is performed onstage. The juba is described as:

text: "The Juba is reminiscent of the ring shouts of the African slaves. It is a call and response dance. Bynum sits at the table and drums. He calls the dance as other clap hands, shuffle, and stomp around the table. It should be as African as possible, with the performers working themselves up into a near frenzy. The words can be improvised, but should include some mention of the Holy Ghost."

text: This song is a way for the African Americans to relate with one another and continue their relationship with their heritage. Finally, Bynum is often seen and heard singing throughout the show. The first time he sings is to lighten the mood from the work they are doing. Then later he sings about Joe Turner kidnapping slaves and forcing them to work on his chain gang. Bynum's singing is a characterization of his wisdom and age. He seems to know a song for all occasions and characters. Not only does he physically sing on stage, Bynum's character also refers to "finding your song". Music is so important to this man that each person's soul and purpose in life is characterized by their song.[13]

text: Wilson has also been known to be greatly influenced by the blues music period. The title of the play, for instance, is a line from a blues song and the idea of stealing one's song is a great tragedy. Also, music also perpetuates the racial issues of the day as Jeremy is often shot down by white men for musical abilities.[14]

text: Sample production history[edit]

text: Joe Turner's Come and Gone was first produced in 1986 Yale Repertory Theatre.[15]

text: Later, for its press review, it opened on March 26, 1988, at the Ethel Barrymore Theatre on Broadway in New York City, with the following cast:

text:
Seth Holly: Mel Winkler
Bertha Holly: L. Scott Caldwell
Bynum Walker: Ed Hall
Rutherford Selig: Raynor Scheine
Jeremy Furlow: Bo Rucker
Herald Loomis: Delroy Lindo
Zonia Loomis: Jamila Perry
Mattie Campbell: Kimberleigh Aarn
Reuben Mercer: Richard Parnell Habersham
Molly Cunningham: Kimberly Scott
Martha Pentecost: Angela Bassett
Director: Lloyd Richards
Set Design: Scott Bradley
Costume Design: Pamela Peterson
Lighting Design: Michael Giannitti
Musical Direction: Dwight Andrews
Production Stage Manager: Karen L. Carpenter
Stage Manager: Elliott Woodruff
Casting Consultants: Meg Simon/ Fran Kumin

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: 1988 New York Drama Critics’ Circle Award for Best Play

text:
1988 Drama Desk Award for Best Play
1988 Tony Award for Best Play


document_title: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

question_text: how young do you have to be to qualify for daca

question_tokens: how young do you have to be to qualify for daca

root

text: Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals

text: Background

text: The policy was created after acknowledgment that dreamer students had been largely raised in the United States, and this was seen as a way to remove immigration enforcement attention from "low priority" individuals with good behavior.[15][16] The illegal immigrant student population was rapidly increasing; approximately 65,000 illegal immigrant students graduate from U.S. high schools on a yearly basis.[17]

tag: p

text: The DREAM Act bill, which would have provided a pathway to permanent residency for unauthorized immigrants brought to the United States upon meeting certain qualifications, was considered by Congress in 2007. It failed to overcome a bipartisan filibuster in the Senate.[18] It was considered again in 2011. The bill passed the House, but did not get the 60 votes needed to overcome a Republican filibuster in the Senate.[19][18] In 2013, legislation had comprehensively reformed the immigration system, including allowing Dreamers permission to stay in the country, work and attend school; this passed the Senate but was not brought up for a vote in the House.[18] The New York Times credits the failure of Congress to pass the DREAM Act bill as the driver behind Obama's decision to sign DACA.[18]

text: Establishment

text: President Barack Obama announced this policy with a speech in the Rose Garden of the White House on June 15, 2012.[20] The date was chosen as the 30th anniversary of Plyler v. Doe, a Supreme Court decision barring public schools from charging illegal immigrant children tuition. The policy was officially established by a memorandum from the Secretary of Homeland Security titled "Exercising Prosecutorial Discretion with Respect to Individuals Who Came to the United States as Children".[21] This policy allowed certain immigrants to escape deportation and obtain work permits for a period of two years- renewable upon good behavior. To apply, immigrants had to be younger than 31 on June 15, 2012, must have come to the U.S. when they were younger than 16, and must have lived in the U.S. since 2007. In August 2012, the Pew Research Center estimated that up to 1.7 million people were eligible.[22]

text: U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) began accepting applications for the program on August 15, 2012.[22] As of June 2016[update], USCIS had received 844,931 initial applications for DACA status, of which 741,546 (88%) were approved, 60,269 (7%) were denied, and 43,121 (5%) were pending. Over half of those accepted reside in California and Texas.[23] According to an August 2017 survey, most current registrants (called "Dreamers" in a reference to the DREAM Act bill) are in their 20s, and about 80% arrived in the United States when they were 10 or younger.[24]

text: In November 2014, Obama announced his intention to expand DACA to make more people eligible.[25][26] However, in December 2014, Texas and 25 other states, all with Republican governors, sued the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of Texas asking the court to enjoin implementation of both the DACA expansion and Deferred Action for Parents of Americans,(a similar program).[27][28][29] In February 2015, Judge Andrew S. Hanen issued a preliminary injunction blocking the expansion from going into effect while the case, Texas v. United States, proceeds.[30][31] After progressing through the court system, an equally divided (4–4) Supreme Court left the injunction in place, without setting any precedent.[32]

text: Reaction

text: Republican Party leaders denounced the DACA program as an abuse of executive power.[33]

text: Nearly all Republicans in the House of Representatives (along with three Democrats) voted 224–201 to defund DACA in June 2013.[34] Lead author of the amendment Rep. Steve King (R-Iowa) stated, "The point here is...the President does not have the authority to waive immigration law, nor does he have the authority to create it out of thin air, and he's done both with these Morton memos in this respect."[35] However, in practice Congress does not have the ability to defund DACA since the program is almost entirely funded by its own application fees rather than congressional appropriations.[36]

text: Implementation

text:
DACA approved requests by state[a]

California

424,995

Texas

234,350

New York

95,663

Illinois

79,415

Florida

74,321

Arizona

51,503

tag: table

text: DACA was formally initiated by a policy memorandum sent from Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano to the heads of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS), and U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). The memo formally directed them to exercise their enforcement discretion on behalf of individuals who met the requirements.[38]

text: To apply for DACA, illegal immigrants must pay a $495 application fee, submit several forms, and produce documents showing they meet the requirements. They do not need legal representation.

text: Eligibility

text: To be eligible, illegal immigrants must have entered the United States before their 16th birthday and prior to June 2007, be currently in school, a high school graduate or be honorably discharged from the military, be under the age of 31 as of June 15, 2012, and not have been convicted of a felony, significant misdemeanor or three other misdemeanors, or otherwise pose a threat to national security. The program does not provide lawful status or a path to citizenship,[39] nor does it provide eligibility for federal welfare or student aid.[3]

text: In August 2012, the Migration Policy Institute estimated that as many as 1.76 million people could be eligible for DACA. Of those, 28% were under 15 and would have to wait until reaching that age to apply. In addition, roughly 20% did not meet any of the education criteria, but could become eligible by enrolling in a program before submitting their application. 74% of the eligible population was born in Mexico or Central America. Smaller proportions came from Caribbean and South America (11%), Asia (9%), and the rest of the world (6%).[40]

text: To qualify for DACA, applicants must meet the following major requirements, although meeting them does not guarantee approval:[39]

text:
Came to the United States before their 16th birthday
Have lived continuously in the United States since June 15, 2007
Were under age 31 on June 15, 2012 (i.e., born on June 16, 1981 or after)
Were physically present in the United States on June 15, 2012, and at the time of making their request for consideration of deferred action with USCIS
Had no lawful status on June 15, 2012
Have completed high school or a GED, have been honorably discharged from the armed forces, or are enrolled in school
Have not been convicted of a felony or serious misdemeanors, or three or more other misdemeanors, and do not otherwise pose a threat to national security or public safety

tag: ul

text: To show proof of qualification (verify these requirements), applicants must submit three forms; I-821D, Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals; I-765, Application for Employment Authorization; and I-765WS, Worksheet, as well as supporting documentation.[39]

text: Travel eligibility

text: In addition to the $495 application fee, if a DACA qualifying illegal immigrant wants to travel abroad there is an additional fee and application requirement.

text: Form I-131 Application Type D*, with a fee of $575 needs to be submitted to USCIS.[41]

text: (Form I-131 must also be submitted by anyone that applies for a "Green Card" or other residency option regardless of how they arrived upon US soil).

text: To receive advance parole one must travel abroad for the sole purpose of an educational, employment, or humanitarian purposes. This must be indicated on the Form I-131 as described below:

text:
Educational purposes, such as studying abroad;
Employment purposes, such as overseas positions, interviews, training, or meetings with clients; or
Humanitarian purposes, such as travel for medical reasons, attend funeral services for a family member, or visit a sick relative.

text: Travel for leisure is not a valid purpose.[41]

text: Renewals

text: USCIS released the process for DACA renewals in June 2014 and directed applicants to file their documents during a 30-day window starting 150 days before the expiration of their previous DACA status. Renewing requires an additional $495 fee.[42]

text: As of June 2016, there had been 606,264 renewal cases, with 526,288 approved, 4,703 denied and 75,205 renewals pending.[23]

text: Expansion

text: In November 2014, U.S. President Barack Obama announced changes to DACA which would expand it to include illegal immigrants who entered the country prior to 2010, eliminate the requirement that applicants be younger than 31 years old, and lengthen the renewable deferral period to two years. The Pew Research Center estimated that this would increase the number of eligible people by about 330,000.[26]

text: However, in December 2014, Texas and 25 other states, all with Republican governors, sued in the District Court for the Southern District of Texas asking the court to enjoin implementation of both the DACA expansion and Deferred Action for Parents of Americans (a similar program).[27][28][29] In February 2015, Judge Andrew S. Hanen issued a preliminary injunction blocking the expansion from going into effect while the case, Texas v. United States, proceeds.[30][31] After progressing through the court system, the appeals court ruled 2–1 in favor of enjoining the DACA expansion. When the Obama administration appealed to the Supreme Court, Justice Antonin Scalia's untimely death left an 8 justice court, which then ruled equally divided (4–4) for and against the injunction. Procedural rules of the Court in the case of a tie would mean that no opinion would be written, no precedent would be set by the Supreme Court in the case, and that the appellate court's ruling would stand.[32]

text: The court's temporary injunction does not affect the existing DACA. Individuals may continue to come forward and request an initial grant of DACA or renewal of DACA under the guidelines established in 2012.[39]

text: Impact

text: Crime

text: According to FactCheck.org, "there is no evidence that DACA holders are more likely to commit crimes than U.S. citizens."[13] Factcheck.Org noted that "numerous studies have found that immigrants do not commit crimes at a higher rate than non-immigrants."[13]

text: Economy

text: Fact-checkers note that, on a large scale or in the long run, there is no reason to believe that DACA recipients have a major deleterious effect on American workers' employment chances; to the contrary, some economists say that DACA benefits the overall U.S. economy.[10][12][11][43][44] Economists have warned that ending DACA could adversely affect the U.S. economy, and that "most economists see immigration generally as an economic boon."[11][44] Almost all economists reject Jeff Sessions' claim that DACA "denied jobs to hundreds of thousands of Americans by allowing those same jobs to go to illegal aliens."[11] Sessions' claim is rooted in what economists call the "lump of labor fallacy" (i.e., the idea that there is a limit to amount of work force available in any economy).[10][45]

text: A 2016 study in the Journal of Public Economics found that DACA increased labor force participation and decreased the unemployment rate for DACA-eligible immigrants. DACA also increased the income of illegal immigrants in the bottom of the income distribution.[3] The study estimates that DACA moved 50,000 to 75,000 unauthorized immigrants into employment.[3] According to University of California, Davis economist Giovanni Peri, DACA consequently "increases consumption and overall demand for U.S. services, products, and jobs where the DACA recipients live and spend. Economists have shown that highly skilled workers increase local productivity and create opportunities for the other workers too".[46] A 2016 study in Economics Letters found that DACA-eligible households were 38% less likely than non-eligible unauthorized immigrant households to live in poverty.[6] Furthermore, DACA-eligible workers tend to have higher-skilled, higher-paying jobs than undocumented immigrants.[47]

text: According to Giovanni Peri, ending DACA would bring a net loss in productivity, given that, as of 2017, the U.S. economy is close to full employment.[10][48] Ike Brannon and Logan Albright of the CATO Institute wrote in a 2017 that ending DACA would have an adverse economic and fiscal impact, estimating that the cost of immediately eliminating DACA and deporting those who received deferred action would be $283 billion over a decade (representing an economic loss of $215 billion, a fiscal loss of $60 billion (from lower net tax revenue), and $7.5 billion in deportation costs).[49] Brannon and Albright wrote that their projections were "a conservative estimate due to the fact that many DACA immigrants are young and still acquiring education credentials that will boost wages later." [49] The Immigrant Legal Resource Center estimated that deporting DACA-eligible individuals would reduce Social Security and Medicare tax revenue by $24.6 billion over a decade.[11] Peri argues that that DACA recipients likely have a significant net positive fiscal impact given that DACA-eligible individuals have similar characteristics as second-generation immigrants, and that research shows that second-generation immigrants have a net positive fiscal impact of $173,000 to $259,000 per immigrant.[46] Peri also notes that the U.S. public school system has already invested in educating these individuals, and they are at the point at which they can start contributing to the U.S. economy and public coffers; deporting them or increasing the likelihood that they be deported is economically counterproductive.[46] A 2017 study by the Center for American Progress estimated that that the loss of all DACA-eligible workers would reduce U.S. GDP by $433 billion over the next 10 years.[50][51]

text: According to Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas economist Pia Orrenius, due to their risk of deportation, it is likely that previously DACA-protected individuals will slip into the shadow economy or take low-profile jobs that pay less.[44]

text: Education

text: The 2016 study in the Journal of Public Economics found that DACA had no significant effects on the likelihood of attending school.[3] The study only found "suggestive evidence that DACA pushed over 25,000 DACA-eligible individuals into obtaining their GED certificate in order to be eligible for DACA."[3] Research by Roberto G. Gonzales, professor of education at Harvard University, shows that DACA led to increased educational attainment.[52]

text: Health

text: A 2017 study published in the journal Science found that DACA led to improved mental health outcomes for the children of DACA-eligible mothers.[7] A 2017 Lancet Public Health study found that DACA-eligible individuals had better mental health outcomes as a result of their DACA-eligibility.[8]

text: FiveThirtyEight, summarizing the findings of past research, wrote that "the threat of deportation alone would likely have a negative impact on families. Immigration-related stress and anxiety have been shown to have negative health effects... Generally, researchers believe the stress that stems from the fear of having a parent deported has far-reaching, negative effects on the health of children."[53] In an editorial for the New England Journal of Medicine, Atheendar S. Venkataramani, professor of medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, and Alexander C. Tsai, professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, write "The evidence clearly indicates that rescinding DACA will have profound adverse population-level effects on mental health... DACA was never intended to be a public health program, but its population-level consequences for mental health have been significant and rival those of any large-scale health or social policies in recent history. Rescinding DACA therefore represents a threat to public mental health."[54]

text: 21 percent of DACA-protected immigrants work in education and health services.[44] The American Medical Association has estimated that under DACA or similar legislation, 5,400 additional physicians would work in the United States in coming decades, alleviating a projected shortage of primary care physicians.[44]

text: Migration flows

text: A 2016 study published in the journal International Migration found that DACA did not significantly impact the number of apprehensions of unaccompanied minors from Central America.[55] A 2015 Government Accountability Office (GAO) report assessing the reasons behind the surge in unaccompanied minors from Central America did not mention DACA, and cited crime and lack of economic opportunity as the main reasons behind the surge.[12]

text: Legal challenges

text: The legality of DACA and its proposed expansions were challenged in court. But only the expansions were halted under a preliminary injunction. Legal experts are divided as to the constitutionality of DACA, but no court has yet to rule it unconstitutional.[56].

text: One of challenges against DACA was filed in August 2012 by ten agents from the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).[57] The plaintiffs claimed that following the new lenient deportation policies established by DACA required them to violate the law. Almost a year later, Judge Reed O'Connor from the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Texas dismissed the lawsuit, ruling that the court lacked jurisdiction to decide on what essentially was a dispute between federal employees and their employer, the U.S. government.[58] Nonetheless, in his decision to dismiss the case, the judge reiterated his view that DACA was inherently unlawful.[58] The plaintiffs then filed an appeal but the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit upheld the dismissal on procedural grounds.

text: The first challenge against the DACA expansions was filed by Sheriff Joe Arpaio of Maricopa County, Arizona, in November 2014. In the lawsuit, Arpaio claimed that DACA and its expansions were "unconstitutional, arbitrary and capricious, and invalid under the Administrative Procedure Act as, in effect, regulations that have been promulgated without the requisite opportunity for public notice and comment."[59] The U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia promptly dismissed the lawsuit ruling that Arpaio did not have standing. That decision was upheld unanimously by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit on August 14, 2015. Arpaio then asked the U.S. Supreme Court to review the case, but on January 19, 2016, the court denied that request.[60]

text: The challenge that was granted a preliminary injunction was filed on December 2014 by Texas and 25 other states—all with Republican governors. The group of states sued to enjoin the implementation of the Deferred Action for Parents of Americans (DAPA)—another immigration policy—and the DACA expansions announced by the Obama administration.[61][62][63] In the lawsuit, the states claimed that, by expanding DACA, the president failed to enforce the nation’s immigration laws in contravention to Article Two of the U.S. Constitution.[64][b] Moreover, the states claimed that the president unilaterally rewrote the law through his actions.[65] As part of the judicial process, in February 2015, Judge Andrew S. Hanen issued a preliminary injunction blocking the expansion from going into effect while the case, Texas v. United States, proceeded.[30][31] After progressing through the court system, an equally divided (4–4) Supreme Court left the injunction in place, without setting any precedent.[32] The court's temporary injunction did not affect the existing DACA. At the time, individuals were allowed to continue to come forward and request an initial grant of DACA or renewal of DACA under the guidelines established in 2012.[39]

text: Regardless of the outcome of the preliminary injunction, legal opinions on the lawfulness of DACA are divided. In United States v. Texas, for instance, the Obama administration argued that the policy was a lawful exercise of the enforcement discretion that Congress delegated to the executive branch in the Immigration and Nationality Act, which charges the executive with the administration and enforcement of the country’s immigration laws.[66] Conversely, Jay Sekulow, Chief Counsel of the American Center for Law and Justice, opined that DACA was unlawful by asserting that it unconstitutionally usurped Congress' role over immigration by illegally allowing certain classes of illegal aliens to violate U.S. immigration law with impunity.[67]

text: State and city responses

text: This section is missing information about the quantitative and qualitative differences between the states that support DACA and those that oppose it. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (September 2017)

text: State-level government officials are also divided on the issue. Those that support DACA claim that the government does not have the resources to target all undocumented immigrants and that the policy thus helps federal agencies in exerting prosecutorial discretion—that is, in enforcing the law selectively by focusing limited resources on criminal immigrants rather than on non-criminal ones such as those eligible for DACA.[68][69] Those that oppose the policy, however, claim that states would be forced to spend hundreds of millions of dollars on health care, education, law enforcement, and other public benefits associated with the immigrants receiving relief.[64] For instance, DACA opponents claim that Texas could assume up to $500 million in administrative costs for issuing new driver’s licenses.[64]

text: Arizona

text: Arizona became the first state to oppose President Obama's order for DACA when Governor Jan Brewer issued an order blocking those with deferred status from receiving any state benefits.[70] This caused controversy,[71] as eligible and approved applicants would still be unable to obtain a driver's license.[72] In May 2013, a federal district court held that this policy was likely unconstitutional. In 2014, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit issued a preliminary injunction against Brewer's ban, and in November 2014 held this ban was in violation of the law.[73]

text: California

text: To assist those eligible under the program,[74] the state of California has agreed to support those who receive a DACA grant by allowing access to a state driver's license,[75] provided that such individuals participate in specific state guidelines (such as paying income taxes). The state of California also allows DACA holding individuals to qualify for Medi-Cal.[76]

text: Illinois

text: Mayor of Chicago Rahm Emanuel has stated that he wants to make Chicago the "most immigrant-friendly city in the country".[77] In addition to offering in-state tuition for illegal immigrants, he has also made plans for a city ordinance that would prevent illegal immigrants with no criminal background from being turned over to immigration enforcement agencies.[77]

text: Iowa

text: In 2012, the then-director of the Iowa Department of Transportation, Paul Trombino III (now nominee for Administrator of the Federal Highway Administration), announced a policy to deny driver licenses to Iowa residents who were part of the DACA program. The policy was reversed several weeks later.[78][79]

text: Maryland

text: In 2016, mayor of Baltimore Stephanie Rawlings-Blake stated that Baltimore police would not check the citizenship status of people with whom they interact.[80]

text: Maryland residents are eligible for in-state public tuition rates regardless of immigration status under certain conditions. A Maryland resident is eligible if they attended Maryland high schools for at least three of the previous twelve years and they graduated from a Maryland high school or received a Maryland GED within the previous ten years. They must have registered at a Maryland public college within four years of high school graduation or receiving a Maryland GED. They must have registered for Selective Service if male, and they must have filed Maryland income tax returns.[81]

text: Michigan

text: In October 2012, the Michigan Secretary of State, Ruth Johnson, announced that Michigan will not issue drivers licenses or state identification of any kind to beneficiaries of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals.[82] In making this decision, it was clear that the Secretary of State erroneously conflated the notion of "lawful presence," which is required under Michigan Law to issue a driver's license, and "lawful status," a different legal concept entirely.[83] USCIS has made it clear that DACA beneficiaries do not possess legal status, but does not state that DACA beneficiaries are unlawfully present; in fact, it states that DACA beneficiaries will not accrue unlawful presence time here while they are in this deferred action status.[84] The Secretary of State relied upon USCIS' own explanation, which discusses legal status, not lawful presence.[84] In response to this policy, the ACLU filed a lawsuit against Johnson, alleging that the policy violated both Michigan law and the U.S. Constitution.[85] On January 18, 2013, USCIS updated their "Frequently Asked Questions" page about DACA, clarifying, among other things, that DACA beneficiaries are, in fact, lawfully present in the United States.[86] On February 1, 2013, Johnson reversed her policy and began issuing driver's licenses to DACA beneficiaries on February 19, 2013.[87]

text: Nebraska

text: Governor Dave Heineman opposed DACA and in 2012 directed the Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles to not issue driver's licenses to people who received deferred action under DACA. Heineman " argued that it violated state law to provide benefits to illegal immigrants."[88] In 2015, however, the unicameral Nebraska Legislature voted to change state law to allow qualified DACA recipients to receive licenses. Governor Pete Ricketts vetoed the bill, but the legislature voted 34-10 to override the veto. Nebraska was the last of the 50 states to allow deferred-action recipients to obtain licenses.[88]

text: North Carolina

text: North Carolina briefly suspended giving out driver's licenses to DACA grantees while waiting for the state attorney general’s opinion. The attorney general decided that even without formal immigration status the DACA grantees were to be granted legal presence. After that, the state once again continued to give out drivers licenses and allowed the DACA grantees to become legal members of North Carolina.[89]

text: Texas

text: Although in-state tuition is still offered, Governor Rick Perry announced his opposition to DACA by distributing a letter to all state agencies, meant "to ensure that all Texas agencies understand that Secretary Napolitano's guidelines confer absolutely no legal status whatsoever to any illegal immigrant who qualifies for the federal 'deferred action' designation.”[90]

text: Virginia

text: In April 2014, Virginia Attorney General Mark Herring sent a letter to the director of the State Council of Higher Education for Virginia (SCHEV), the presidents of Virginia public colleges and universities, and the chancellor of the Virginia Community College System, in response to inquiries from public institutions of higher education on whether DACA students are eligible for in-state tuition. The attorney general advised these institutions that under Virginia law, DACA students who meet Virginia's domicile requirements are eligible for in-state tuition.[91][92]

text: Rescission

text: While running for president, Donald Trump said that he intended to repeal DACA on "day one" of his presidency.[93]

text: On February 14, 2017, a CNN report on the detention of 23-year-old Daniel Ramirez Medina in Northwest Detention Center,[94] Tacoma, Washington following his arrest in his father's Des Moines, Washington home, observed that "The case raises questions about what it could mean" for the 750,000 Dreamers, who had "received permission to stay under DACA."[94][95] On March 7, 22-year-old Daniela Vargas of Jackson, Mississippi, another DACA recipient was detained by ICE, further raising speculation about President Trump's commitment to Dreamers and questioning whether immigrants who speak out against the administration's policies should fear retaliation.[96] Vargas was released from LaSalle Detention Center on March 10, 2017,[97] and Ramirez Medina's release followed on March 29.[98]

text: On June 16, 2017, the United States Department of Homeland Security announced that it intended to repeal the executive order by the Barack Obama administration that expanded the DACA program, though the DACA program's overall existence would continue to be reviewed.[99]

text: On September 5, 2017, Attorney General Jeff Sessions announced that the program is being repealed. Sessions said that the DACA-eligible individuals were lawbreakers who adversely impacted the wages and employment of native-born Americans.[100] Sessions also attributed DACA as a leading cause behind the surge in unaccompanied minors coming to the United States from Central America.[100] Trump said that "virtually all" "top legal experts" believed that DACA was unconstitutional.[100] Fact-checkers have said that only a few economists believe that DACA adversely affects native-born workers, that there is scant evidence that DACA caused the surge in unaccompanied minors, and that it is false that all "top legal experts" believe DACA to be unconstitutional.[12][13]

text: Sessions added that implementation would be suspended for six months; DACA status and Employment Authorization Documents ("EAD") that expire during the next six months would continue to be renewed. DACA recipients with a work permit set to expire on or before March 5, 2018 would have the opportunity to apply for a two-year renewal if their application was received by USCIS by October 5, 2017.[101] In a follow-up statement, Trump said "It is now time for Congress to act!"[2] The approximately 800,000 immigrants who qualified enrolled in DACA will become eligible for deportation by the end of those six months.[100] A White House memo said that DACA recipients should "use the time remaining on their work authorizations to prepare for and arrange their departure from the United States."[102]

text: Reaction

text: According to the New York Times, "Democrats and some Republicans, business executives, college presidents and immigration activists condemned the repeal as a coldhearted and shortsighted effort that was unfair to the young immigrants and could harm the economy."[100] Former President Obama condemned the repeal as "cruel" and wrote:[103]

text: They were brought to this country by their parents, sometimes even as infants. They may not know a country besides ours. They may not even know a language besides English. They often have no idea they're undocumented until they apply for a job, or college, or a driver's license... Whatever concerns or complaints Americans may have about immigration in general, we shouldn't threaten the future of this group of young people who are here through no fault of their own, who pose no threat, who are not taking away anything from the rest of us... Kicking them out won't lower the unemployment rate, or lighten anyone's taxes, or raise anybody's wages.

text: The reaction was mixed among Republicans.[104] Several senior Republicans praised Trump's action, such as House Speaker Paul Ryan, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell and Senator Ron Johnson, chairman of the Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee.[105] Other Republicans, including Senator John McCain, Senator Jeff Flake, and Representative Illeana Ros-Lehtinen, condemned the Trump Administration's choice to rescind the executive order.[105] In a released statement Senator McCain said:[106]

text: I strongly believe that children who were illegally brought into this country through no fault of their own should not be forced to return to a country they do not know. The 800,000 innocent young people granted deferred action under DACA over the last several years are pursuing degrees, starting careers, and contributing to our communities in important ways. While I disagreed with President Obama’s unilateral action on this issue, I believe that rescinding DACA at this time is an unacceptable reversal of the promises and opportunities that have been conferred to these individuals.

text: Organizations such as the American Civil Liberties Union, Anti-Defamation League, and U.S. Chamber of Commerce condemned the repeal.[107] A number of religious organizations condemned the repeal, with the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops describing it as "reprehensible". The Catholic University of Notre Dame also urged the president to not resciend DACA and announced it would stand by those affected.[108]The United Methodist Church said it was "not only unconscionable, but contrary to moral work and witness," and the Evangelical Lutheran Church called on its members to "pray today for those that will suffer undue repercussions due to the end of this program."[109] Asked about Trump's decision to rescind DACA, Pope Francis said that if Trump is truly "pro-life", he "he will understand that the family is the cradle of life and that it must be defended as a unit."[110] Ralph Reed, chairman of the Faith and Freedom Coalition, endorsed Trump's repeal.[109]

text: The September 2017 announcement sparked protests in many cities including Washington, D.C., Chicago, and Los Angeles. At a September 5 protest in New York outside of Trump Tower, more than 30 protesters were arrested.[111] On September 19, more protesters were arrested outside Trump Tower, including Democratic congressmen Raúl Grijalva of Arizona, Luis Gutiérrez of Illinois, and Adriano Espaillat of New York.[112]

text: Legal challenges

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2017)

text: The rescission was challenged in court by different entities. On September 6, 2017, for instance, fifteen states and the District of Columbia filed a lawsuit, titled New York v. Trump, in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York seeking to stop the repeal.[113] A few days later, the California attorney general, Xavier Becerra, filed a separate lawsuit, which was joined by the states of Maine, Minnesota, and Maryland. Becerra stated that, as a quarter of the people in the DACA program live in California, he thinks that "everyone recognizes the scope and breadth of the Trump decision to terminate DACA hits hardest here."[114] Not only have State Government's filled suit, but also six DREAMERs have filed suit against Trump in San Francisco.[115] The University of California, which currently has approximately 4,000 undocumented students, has also filed a lawsuit against the Department of Homeland Security which was filed in the Northern District of California.[116] Janet Napolitano, president of the UC system, called the rescission of DACA, “unconstitutional, unjust, and unlawful". In a released statement Napolitano said:

text: I am deeply troubled by President Trump’s decision to effectively end the DACA program and uproot the lives of an estimated 800,000 Dreamers across the nation. This backward-thinking, far-reaching move threatens to separate families and derail the futures of some of this country’s brightest young minds, thousands of whom currently attend or have graduated from the University of California.[117]

text: Proposed Responses to the DACA repeal

text: DREAM Act: Proposed by Sens. Graham and Durbin, the DREAM Act offers protections to illegal immigrants similar to DACA, as well as offering a path to citizenship.[118]

text: Recognizing America's Children Act: Proposed by Rep. Curbelo, RAC offers a pathway to legalization through education, military service, or work authorization. After 10 years in this program, immigrants could apply for citizenship.[119]

text: The American Hope Act: Proposed by Rep. Gutiérrez, this act offers an expedited path to citizenship that is attainable in eight years, but the immigrant must have entered the US before the age of eighteen.[120]

text: BRIDGE Act: Proposed by Rep. Coffman, this bill extends the DACA program by three years, allowing more time to discuss comprehensive immigration reform.[121]


document_title: Mullet (haircut)

question_text: where did the mullet haircut get its name

text: Mullet (haircut)

text: Etymology[edit]

text: According to the Oxford English Dictionary, use of the term mullet to describe this hairstyle was "apparently coined, and certainly popularized, by U.S. hip-hop group the Beastie Boys",[1] who used "mullet" and "mullet head" as epithets in their 1994 song "Mullet Head".[2] The term "mullet head" had previously always or nearly always been used to refer to a person of dubious intelligence, e.g. as in the movie Cool Hand Luke, where defeated villains had been referred to as "mullet heads".

text: Fashion history[edit]

text: Ancient mullets[edit]

text: In the sixth century, Byzantine scholar Procopius wrote that some factions of young males wore their hair long at the back and cut it short over the forehead. This non-Roman style was termed the 'Hunnic' look.[3][4]

text: Mullets were worn by rock stars Rod Stewart, David Bowie, Andy Mackay of Roxy Music, and Paul McCartney as far back as the early 1970s.[5][6]

text: The 1980s saw the zenith of the mullet's popularity in 1980s continental Europe.

text: In the United States of the 1980s, the mullet became popular within lesbian culture, where it came to be used as a way of identifying oneself as a member of that culture in public.[7][8][9][10]

text: In the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States, area, the mullet was glamorized by several members (including Jaromír Jágr) of the Pittsburgh Penguins (winners of the NHL's Stanley Cup in 1991 and 1992). The mullet remains popular to this day, even mocked to much acclaim by WDVE radio hosts in particular.[citation needed]

text: After the much-publicized 1992 DC Comics storyline in which Superman apparently died, the character returned in the 1993 follow-up storyline "Reign of the Supermen", in which he was depicted with a mullet.[11] He remained with that hairstyle until 1997,[12] and this look was depicted in an action figure released by Mattel in 2009.[citation needed] The cancelled Superman film, Superman Lives, depicted Superman with a mullet.[13]

text: Punk rock band the Vandals sang of the mullets worn by country music singers and guests of The Jerry Springer Show and listed regional names for the style in the 1998 song "I've Got an Ape Drape".[14]

text: Country music singers Billy Ray Cyrus, Travis Tritt, Alan Jackson, and Joe Diffie were also known for their mullets.

text: Vocalist Wesley Willis wrote and released the track "Cut the Mullet" in 1998 and frequently performed it at live shows.[15]

text: The mullet and its associated lifestyle have been central themes in movies such as Joe Dirt "business in the front, party in the back" (2001) and the television show The Mullets (2003–2004). Christian ska band Five Iron Frenzy sang about the mullet in "The Phantom Mullet", a song off of their 2000 album All the Hype That Money Can Buy, referencing Billy Ray Cyrus and REO Speedwagon in the lyrics. The 2001 film American Mullet documents the phenomenon of the mullet hairstyle and the people who wear it.[16]

text: Indie rock duo Tegan and Sara sported mullets during their The Con album era. Tom O'Neill, famed hair stylist and underwriting thief, was also known to sport the mullet hairstyle in the early 2010s.[citation needed]

text: Between 2009 and 2012, the mullet was in fashion among individuals of Lebanese descent in Australia. The style had already been popular with the bogan subculture.[17][18] The fashion trend quickly waned by late 2009. This was the type of a mullet that had a crew cut at the front, top, and sides and long hair at the back.[citation needed]

text: The mullet has lowered in popularity over recent years but was recently brought back into the spotlight in 2015 by K-pop idol G-Dragon during his band BIGBANG's Made World Tour.[19]. Byun Baekhyun of EXO also sported one in promotion for the group's 2017 song Ko Ko Bop. Other K-pop artists who have worn mullets include Block B's Zico, Song Min-ho, Nam Joo-hyuk, DEAN, Stray Kids' Chan and Han, VIXX's N,[20] B.A.P.'s Himchan,[21], Seventeen's The8, GOT7's JB and SF9’s Youngbin.

text: The mullet has also experienced a revival within American sports. After winning back-to-back Stanley Cups, Phil Kessel was spotted in Pittsburgh Penguins training camp in September 2017 bringing the mullet back to its native roots of Pittsburgh Hockey. Similarly, Oklahoma State head football coach Mike Gundy wore a mullet starting in early 2017; the popularity of his mullet supposedly earned Oklahoma State millions of dollars in marketing revenue. In addition, from 2010 to 2015, Patrick Kane of the Chicago Blackhawks popularized the "playoff mullet," an alternative to the traditional NHL playoff beard. [22]

text: The Combination (2009) showcased the mullet hairstyle, which was popular among the Lebanese youth in Australia, in the mid-late 2000s.


document_title: 2018 NBA All-Star Game

question_text: who coaches the nba all star game 2018

question_tokens: who coaches the nba all star game 2018

text: 2018 NBA All-Star Game

text: Format change[edit]

text: On October 3, 2017, the NBA announced that the format would change from the traditional Eastern Conference versus Western Conference format, and would instead switch to a draft-style format, similar to the format used by the NHL All-Star Game from 2011 through 2015 and the NFL Pro Bowl from 2014 through 2016. The team captains were determined by the most votes received in their respective conference. Each team will pick a charity to play for, and the winning team will have money donated to their charity.[3] The winning team will receive $100,000 for each player and the losing team $25,000 each.[4]

text: All-Star Game[edit]

text: Coaches[edit]

text: The two teams were coached from their respected conference.[5] Mike D'Antoni, coach of the Houston Rockets, was named as the head coach for Team Stephen.[6] Dwane Casey, coach of the Toronto Raptors, was named as the head coach for Team LeBron.[7]

text: Rosters[edit]

text: The rosters for the All-Star Game were selected through a voting process. The starters were chosen by the fans, media, and current NBA players. Fans make up 50% of the vote, and NBA players and media each comprise 25% of the vote. The two guards and three frontcourt players who receive the highest cumulative vote totals are named the All-Star starters.[8] NBA head coaches vote for the reserves for their respective conferences, none of which can be players on their own team. Each coach selects two guards, three frontcourt players and two wild cards, with each selected player ranked in order of preference within each category. If a multi-position player is to be selected, coaches are encouraged to vote for the player at the position that was "most advantageous for the All-Star team", regardless of where the player was listed on the All-Star ballot or the position he was listed in box scores.

text: The All-Star Game starters were announced on January 18, 2018.[9] Kyrie Irving of the Boston Celtics and DeMar DeRozan of the Toronto Raptors were named the backcourt starters in the East, earning their fifth and fourth all-star appearances, respectively. LeBron James was named a starter to his 14th career all-star game, breaking Dirk Nowitzki's record for most selections among active players. Joining James in the East frontcourt was Joel Embiid of the Philadelphia 76ers, his first selection, and Giannis Antetokounmpo of the Milwaukee Bucks, his second selection.

text: Stephen Curry of the Golden State Warriors and James Harden of the Houston Rockets were named to the starting backcourt in the West, earning their fifth and sixth all-star appearances, respectively. In the frontcourt, Kevin Durant of the Golden State Warriors was named to his ninth career all-star game, along with DeMarcus Cousins and Anthony Davis of the New Orleans Pelicans, their fourth and fifth all-star selections, respectively.[9]

text: The All-Star Game reserves were announced on January 23, 2018.[10] The West reserves include Russell Westbrook of the Oklahoma City Thunder, his seventh selection, Klay Thompson and Draymond Green of the Golden State Warriors, their fourth and third all-star selections, respectively, LaMarcus Aldridge of the San Antonio Spurs, his sixth selection, Damian Lillard of the Portland Trailblazers, his third selection, and Karl-Anthony Towns and Jimmy Butler of the Minnesota Timberwolves, their first and fourth all-star selections, respectively.

text: The East reserves include Kyle Lowry of the Toronto Raptors, his fourth selection, Al Horford of the Boston Celtics, his fifth selection, John Wall and Bradley Beal of the Washington Wizards, their fifth and first all-star selections, respectively, Victor Oladipo of the Indiana Pacers, his first selection, Kevin Love of the Cleveland Cavaliers, his fifth selection, and Kristaps Porzingis of the New York Knicks, his first selection.

text:
Eastern Conference All-Stars

Pos
Player
Team
No. of selections

Starters[9]

G
Kyrie Irving
Boston Celtics
5

G
DeMar DeRozan
Toronto Raptors
4

F
LeBron James
Cleveland Cavaliers
14

C
Joel Embiid
Philadelphia 76ers
1

F/G
Giannis Antetokounmpo
Milwaukee Bucks
2

Reserves[10]

G
Bradley Beal
Washington Wizards
1

G
Goran DragićREP3
Miami Heat
1

C/F
Al Horford
Boston Celtics
5

F/C
Kevin LoveINJ3
Cleveland Cavaliers
5

G
Kyle Lowry
Toronto Raptors
4

G
Victor Oladipo
Indiana Pacers
1

F/C
Kristaps PorziņģisINJ4
New York Knicks
1

G
John WallINJ2
Washington Wizards
5

C
Andre DrummondREP2
Detroit Pistons
2

G
Kemba WalkerREP4
Charlotte Hornets
2

Western Conference All-Stars

Pos
Player
Team
No. of selections

Starters[9]

G
Stephen Curry
Golden State Warriors
5

G
James Harden
Houston Rockets
6

F
Kevin Durant
Golden State Warriors
9

C
DeMarcus CousinsINJ1
New Orleans Pelicans
4

F/C
Anthony Davis
New Orleans Pelicans
5

Reserves[10]

G
Russell Westbrook
Oklahoma City Thunder
7

G
Damian Lillard
Portland Trail Blazers
3

F
Draymond Green
Golden State Warriors
3

C
Karl-Anthony Towns
Minnesota Timberwolves
1

F/C
LaMarcus Aldridge
San Antonio Spurs
6

G
Klay Thompson
Golden State Warriors
4

G/F
Jimmy Butler
Minnesota Timberwolves
4

F
Paul GeorgeREP1
Oklahoma City Thunder
5

text: Draft[edit]

text: LeBron James and Stephen Curry were named as captains due to being the leading vote getter from the East and West, respectively. James had the first pick in the draft as the leading vote getter overall, while Curry has first choice of jersey color, due to the Western Conference having home team status for the game. The draft pool consisted of the eight other starters, with no regard to conference designation, and 14 reserves (seven from each conference), chosen by NBA head coaches.[9] On January 25, 2018, LeBron James and Stephen Curry created their rosters via a draft, which would not be televised for various reasons. NBA Commissioner Adam Silver will select the replacement for any player unable to participate in the All-Star Game, choosing a player from the same conference as the player who is being replaced. Silver’s selection would join the team that drafted the replaced player. If a replaced player is a starter, the head coach of that team will choose a new starter from his cast of players instead.[5]

text:
Team LeBron

Pos
Player
Team

Starters[5]

F
Kevin Durant
Golden State Warriors

F/C
Anthony Davis
New Orleans Pelicans

F
LeBron James
Cleveland Cavaliers

C
DeMarcus CousinsINJ1
New Orleans Pelicans

G
Kyrie Irving
Boston Celtics

Reserves[5]

F/C
LaMarcus Aldridge
San Antonio Spurs

G
Bradley Beal
Washington Wizards

F/C
Kevin LoveINJ3
Cleveland Cavaliers

G
Russell WestbrookST
Oklahoma City Thunder

G
Victor Oladipo
Indiana Pacers

F/C
Kristaps PorziņģisINJ4
New York Knicks

G
John WallINJ2
Washington Wizards

F
Paul GeorgeREP1
Oklahoma City Thunder

C
Andre DrummondREP2
Detroit Pistons

G
Goran DragićREP3
Miami Heat

G
Kemba WalkerREP4
Charlotte Hornets

Head coach: Dwane Casey (Toronto Raptors)[7]

Team Stephen

Pos
Player
Team

Starters[5]

G
James Harden
Houston Rockets

G
DeMar DeRozan
Toronto Raptors

G
Stephen Curry
Golden State Warriors

G/F
Giannis Antetokounmpo
Milwaukee Bucks

C
Joel Embiid
Philadelphia 76ers

Reserves[5]

G
Damian Lillard
Portland Trail Blazers

G/F
Jimmy Butler
Minnesota Timberwolves

F
Draymond Green
Golden State Warriors

G
Kyle Lowry
Toronto Raptors

G
Klay Thompson
Golden State Warriors

C
Karl-Anthony Towns
Minnesota Timberwolves

F/C
Al Horford
Boston Celtics

Head coach: Mike D'Antoni (Houston Rockets)[6]

text:
^INJ1 DeMarcus Cousins was unable to play due to an Achilles injury.[11]
^REP1 Paul George was selected as DeMarcus Cousins' replacement.[12]
^INJ2 John Wall was unable to participate due to a knee injury.[13]
^REP2 Andre Drummond was selected as John Wall's replacement.[14]
^INJ3 Kevin Love was unable to participate due to a hand injury.[15]
^REP3 Goran Dragić was selected as Kevin Love's replacement.[16]
^INJ4 Kristaps Porziņģis was unable to participate due to a torn ACL.[17]
^REP4 Kemba Walker was named as Kristaps Porziņģis' replacement.[18]
^ST Russell Westbrook was selected to start in place of Cousins.[19]

text: Game[edit]

text: TNT, TBS

text:
February 18, 2018
8:30 pm ET

text: Recap

text:
Team LeBron 148, Team Stephen 145

Scoring by quarter: 31–42, 45–36, 33–34, 39–33

Pts: LeBron James 29
Rebs: LeBron James 10
Asts: Kyrie Irving 9

Pts: DeRozan, Lillard 21 each
Rebs: Karl-Anthony Towns 10
Asts: Kyle Lowry 11

text:
Staples Center, Los Angeles, California
Attendance: 17,801
Referees:

James Capers
Gary Zielinski
Tony Brown

text: National anthem[edit]

text: Fergie's performance of "The Star-Spangled Banner" prior to the game received heavy negative criticism and mockery online.[20][21] The rendition—described as "unusual" and "bizarre"—was met with laughter from the arena crowd, and All-Star Draymond Green was shown chuckling on the television broadcast.[22][23] The following day, Fergie said she "wanted to try something special for the NBA," but it "didn't strike the intended tone."[24]

text: All-Star Weekend[edit]

text: Celebrity Game[edit]

text: The 2018 NBA All-Star Celebrity Game presented by Ruffles will be played on Friday, February 16, 2018 at the Los Angeles Convention Center.[25][26][27] Since the All-Star Weekend was held in Los Angeles, the competition would be represented by the two NBA teams in the city with the Los Angeles Lakers (Team Lakers) and the Los Angeles Clippers (Team Clippers) instead of the typical West Vs. East affair like in previous years.

text: ESPN

text:
February 16, 2018
7:00 pm ET

text:
Team Lakers 66, Team Clippers 75

Scoring by quarter: 13–19, 17–18, 19–17, 17–21

text: Los Angeles Convention Center, Los Angeles, California

text:
Team Lakers

Player
Background

Justin Bieber (2)
Singer/songwriter

Sterling Brim
TV personality/Host/Actor

Nick Cannon (10)
TV personality/Actor/Rapper

Terence Crawford
Boxer

Rachel DeMita (2)
NBA 2KTV personality

Jerry Ferrara
Actor

Flea
Musician

Marc Lasry (3)
Milwaukee Bucks owner

Tracy McGrady (2)
former NBA player

Caleb McLaughlin (2)
Actor

Candace Parker (2)
WNBA player

Nate Robinson
former NBA player

Drew Scott (3)
Actor

Kris Wu (3)
Actor/Singer

Michael B. Jordan
Actor

Head Coach: Rachel Nichols (ESPN host)

Assistant Coach: Tracy McGrady (former NBA player, ESPN analyst)

Assistant Coach: Michael B. Jordan (Actor)

Team Clippers

Player
Background

Anthony Anderson (4)
Actor

Brandon Armstrong (2)
Social media star, former NBA D-League player

Miles Brown
Actor

Win Butler (4)
Musician

Common (7)
Rapper/Actor

Andre De Grasse
Olympic sprinter

Stefanie Dolson
WNBA player

Jamie Foxx (3)
Actor/Comedian/Singer

Paul Pierce
former NBA player

Dascha Polanco
Actress

Quavo
Rapper

Offset
Rapper

Bubba Watson
Golfer

Jason Williams (2)
former NBA player

Head Coach: Katie Nolan (ESPN host)

Assistant Coach: Paul Pierce (former NBA player, ESPN analyst)

Assistant Coach: Common (Rapper/actor)

text: Mountain Dew KickStart Rising Stars Challenge[edit]

text:
Team World[28]

Pos.
Nationality
Player
Team
R/S

G
 Serbia
Bogdan Bogdanović
Sacramento Kings
Rookie

G/F
 Canada
Dillon Brooks
Memphis Grizzlies
Rookie

C
 Cameroon
Joel Embiid
Philadelphia 76ers
Sophomore

G
 Bahamas
Buddy Hield
Sacramento Kings
Sophomore

F
 Finland
Lauri Markkanen
Chicago Bulls
Rookie

G
 Canada
Jamal Murray
Denver Nuggets
Sophomore

G
 France
Frank Ntilikina
New York Knicks
Rookie

F/C
 Lithuania
Domantas Sabonis
Indiana Pacers
Sophomore

F
 Croatia
Dario Šarić
Philadelphia 76ers
Sophomore

G/F
 Australia
Ben Simmons
Philadelphia 76ers
Rookie

Head Coach: Rex Kalamian (Toronto Raptors)

Team USA[28]

Pos.
Player
Team
R/S

G
Lonzo BallINJ2
Los Angeles Lakers
Rookie

G
Malcolm BrogdonINJ1
Milwaukee Bucks
Sophomore

G/F
Jaylen Brown
Boston Celtics
Sophomore

F/C
John Collins
Atlanta Hawks
Rookie

G
Kris Dunn
Chicago Bulls
Sophomore

G/F
Brandon Ingram
Los Angeles Lakers
Sophomore

F
Kyle Kuzma
Los Angeles Lakers
Rookie

G
Donovan Mitchell
Utah Jazz
Rookie

G
Dennis Smith Jr.
Dallas Mavericks
Rookie

F
Jayson Tatum
Boston Celtics
Rookie

F
Taurean PrinceREP1
Atlanta Hawks
Sophomore

G
De'Aaron FoxREP2
Sacramento Kings
Rookie

Head Coach: Roy Rogers (Houston Rockets)

text:
^INJ1 Malcolm Brogdon is unable to participate due to a leg injury.[29]
^REP1 Taurean Prince was selected as Malcolm Brogdon's replacement.[30]
^INJ2 Lonzo Ball is unable to participate due to a knee injury.[31]
^REP2 De'Aaron Fox was selected as Lonzo Ball's replacement.[32]

text: TNT

text:
February 16
9:00 pm ET

text: Boxscore

text:
Team World 155, Team USA 124

Scoring by half: 78–59, 77–65

Pts: Buddy Hield 29
Rebs: Domantas Sabonis 11
Asts: Ben Simmons 13

Pts: Jaylen Brown 35
Rebs: Jaylen Brown 10
Asts: Donovan Mitchell 7

text:
Staples Center, Los Angeles, California
Attendance: 19,060
Referees:

#21 Dedric Taylor
#7 Lauren Holtkamp
#39 Tyler Ford

text: Team World won against Team USA 155-124.

text: Skills Challenge[edit]

text:
Contestants

Pos.
Player
Team
Height
Weight

G
Spencer Dinwiddie
Brooklyn Nets
6–6
200

C
Joel Embiid
Philadelphia 76ers
7–0
250

F/C
Al Horford
Boston Celtics
6–10
245

F
Lauri Markkanen
Chicago Bulls
7–0
230

G
Donovan MitchellOUT
Utah Jazz
6–3
215

G
Jamal Murray
Denver Nuggets
6–4
207

F/C
Kristaps PorziņģisINJ
New York Knicks
7–3
240

G
Lou Williams
Los Angeles Clippers
6–1
175

G
Buddy HieldALT
Sacramento Kings
6–4
214

C
Andre DrummondREP
Detroit Pistons
6–11
279

text:
^OUT Donovan Mitchell was removed due to replacing Aaron Gordon in the Slam Dunk Contest.[33]
^ALT Buddy Hield was named as Donovan Mitchell's replacement.[33]
^INJ Kristaps Porziņģis unable to participate due to a torn ACL.[17]
^REP Andre Drummond was named as Kristaps Porziņģis' replacement.[34]

text:
Quarterfinals

Semifinals

Finals

Spencer Dinwiddie (Brooklyn)
O

Buddy Hield (Sacramento)
X

Spencer Dinwiddie (Brooklyn)
O

Jamal Murray (Denver)
X

Jamal Murray (Denver)
O

Lou Williams (LA Clippers)
X

Spencer Dinwiddie (Brooklyn)
O

Lauri Makkanen (Chicago)
X

Al Horford (Boston)
X

Joel Embiid (Philadelphia)
O

Joel Embiid (Philadelphia)
X

Lauri Makkanen (Chicago)
O

Lauri Markkanen (Chicago)
O

Andre Drummond (Detroit)
X

text: Three-Point Contest[edit]

text:
Contestants

Pos.
Player
Team
Height
Weight
First round
Final round

G
Devin Booker
Phoenix Suns
6–6
210
19
28

G
Klay Thompson
Golden State Warriors
6–7
215
19
25

F
Tobias Harris
Los Angeles Clippers
6–9
235
18
17

G
Wayne Ellington
Miami Heat
6–5
200
17
—

G
Bradley Beal
Washington Wizards
6–5
207
15
—

G
Eric Gordon
Houston Rockets
6–4
215
12
—

G
Kyle Lowry
Toronto Raptors
6–0
205
11
—

F
Paul George
Oklahoma City Thunder
6–9
220
9
—

text: Slam Dunk Contest[edit]

text:
Contestants

Pos.
Player
Team
Height
Weight
First round
Final round

G
Donovan MitchellREP
Utah Jazz
6–3
215
98 (48+50)
98 (50+48)

F
Larry Nance, Jr.
Cleveland Cavaliers
6–9
230
93 (44+49)
96 (46+50)

G
Dennis Smith Jr.
Dallas Mavericks
6–3
195
89 (39+50)
—

G
Victor Oladipo
Indiana Pacers
6–4
210
71 (31+40)
—

G
Aaron GordonINJ
Orlando Magic
6–9
220
—
—

text:
^INJ Aaron Gordon was unable to participate due to a hip injury.[33]
^REP Donovan Mitchell was named as Aaron Gordon's replacement.[33]


document_title: List of National Basketball Association single-game scoring leaders

question_text: who scored the highest points in nba game

text: Key[edit]

text:
^
Denotes player who is currently active in the NBA

*
Denotes player who has been inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

Occurred in playoff competition

Player's team lost the game

MP
Minutes played
FGM
Field goals made
FGA
Field goal attempts

3PM
3-point field goals made
3PA
3-point field goal attempts
DNP
Did not play

FTM
Free throws made
FTA
Free throw attempts

text: List[edit]

text:
Rank
Points
Player
Date
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Team
Opponent
Score
MP
FGM
FGA
3PM
3PA
FTM
FTA
Notes
Ref.

Scoring by quarter

1
100
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-03-02-0000March 2, 1962
23
18
28
31
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
169–147
48
36
63
—
—
28
32
[A]
[1][2] [3][4][5]

2
81
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002006-01-22-0000January 22, 2006
14
12
27
28
Los Angeles Lakers
Toronto Raptors
122–104
41:56
28
46
7
13
18
20
[B]
[6][7][8]

3
78
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
147–151
63
31
62
—
—
16
31
[C]
[5]

4
73
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-13-0000January 13, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
135–117
48
29
48
—
—
15
25
[D]
[5]

73
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-16-0000November 16, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
New York Knicks
127–111
48
29
43
—
—
15
19
[E]
[9]

73
Thompson, DavidDavid Thompson*
000000001978-04-09-0000April 9, 1978
32
21
9
11
Denver Nuggets
Detroit Pistons
137–139
43
28
38
—
—
17
20
[F]

7
72
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-03-0000November 3, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
115–127
—
29
48
—
—
14
18

[9]

8
71
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001960-11-15-0000November 15, 1960
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
123–108
45
28
48
—
—
15
18
[G]

71
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
000000001994-04-24-0000April 24, 1994
18
6
19
28
San Antonio Spurs
Los Angeles Clippers
112–97
44
26
41
1
2
18
25
[H]
[10][11]

10
70
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-03-10-0000March 10, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
148–163
48
27
38
—
—
16
22

[9]

70
Booker, DevinDevin Booker^
000000002017-03-24-0000March 24, 2017
10
9
23
28
Phoenix Suns
Boston Celtics
120–130
45
21
40
4
11
24
26
[I]

12
69
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001990-03-28-0000March 28, 1990
16
15
20
18
Chicago Bulls
Cleveland Cavaliers
117–113
50
23
37
2
6
21
23
[J]
[12][13][14]

13
68
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001967-12-16-0000December 16, 1967
14
15
15
24
Philadelphia 76ers
Chicago Bulls
143–123
—
30
40
—
—
8
22

68
Maravich, PetePete Maravich*
000000001977-02-25-0000February 25, 1977
17
14
17
20
New Orleans Jazz
New York Knicks
124–107
43
26
43
—
—
16
19

15
67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-03-09-0000March 9, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
135–126
—
27
37
—
—
13
17

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-17-0000February 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
121–128
48
26
44
—
—
15
20

[5]

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-25-0000February 25, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
New York Knicks
135–149
48
25
38
—
—
17
22

[5]

67
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-01-11-0000January 11, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
129–134
—
28
47
—
—
11
17

[9]

19
66
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001969-02-09-0000February 9, 1969
17
17
22
10
Los Angeles Lakers
Phoenix Suns
134–116
48
29
35
—
—
8
18
[K]

20
65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-13-0000February 13, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
132–152
48
24
40
—
—
17
30

[5]

65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-27-0000February 27, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
147–137
48
25
43
—
—
15
20

[5]

65
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001966-02-07-0000February 7, 1966
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia 76ers
Los Angeles Lakers
132–125
—
28
43
—
—
9
20

65
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002007-03-16-0000March 16, 2007
4
19
9
24
Los Angeles Lakers
Portland Trail Blazers
116–111
49:58
23
39
8
12
11
12
[L]
[15]

24
64
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001959-11-08-0000November 8, 1959
13
12
17
22
Minneapolis Lakers
Boston Celtics
136–115
—
25
47
—
—
14
19
[M]

64
Barry, RickRick Barry*
000000001974-03-26-0000March 26, 1974
—
—
23
22
Golden State Warriors
Portland Trail Blazers
143–120
43
30
45
—
—
4
5

64
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001993-01-16-0000January 16, 1993
22
8
11
16
Chicago Bulls
Orlando Magic
124–128
47
27
49
1
5
9
11
[N]
[16]

27
63
Fulks, JoeJoe Fulks*
000000001949-02-10-0000February 10, 1949
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Indianapolis Jets
108–87
—
27
56
—
—
9
14
[O]

63
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001961-12-08-0000December 8, 1961
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
Philadelphia Warriors
151–147
—
23
55
—
—
17
24
[P]
[17]

63
West, JerryJerry West*
000000001962-01-17-0000January 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
129–121
39
22
36
—
—
19
22

63
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-14-0000December 14, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
118–120
—
24
41
—
—
15
20

[9]

63
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001964-11-26-0000November 26, 1964
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Philadelphia 76ers
117–128
—
27
58
—
—
9
20

63
Gervin, GeorgeGeorge Gervin*
000000001978-04-09-0000April 9, 1978
20
33
10
DNP
San Antonio Spurs
New Orleans Jazz
132–153
33
23
49
—
—
17
20
[Q]

63
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001986-04-20-0000April 20, 1986
17
6
13
18
Chicago Bulls
Boston Celtics
131–135
53
22
41
0
0
19
21
[R]

34
62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-14-0000January 14, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Boston Celtics
136–145
48
27
45
—
—
8
10

[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-17-0000January 17, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
136–130
53
24
48
—
—
14
20
[S]
[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-01-21-0000January 21, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
139–132
53
25
42
—
—
12
17
[T]
[5]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001963-01-29-0000January 29, 1963
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
New York Knicks
123–103
—
27
44
—
—
8
17

[9]

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001964-11-15-0000November 15, 1964
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
122–106
—
26
44
—
—
10
21

62
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001966-03-03-0000March 3, 1966
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia 76ers
San Francisco Warriors
135–125
—
26
39
—
—
10
19

62
McGrady, TracyTracy McGrady*
000000002004-03-10-0000March 10, 2004
7
21
24
10
Orlando Magic
Washington Wizards
108–99
45:50
20
37
5
14
17
26

[18]

62
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002005-12-20-0000December 20, 2005
15
17
30
DNP
Los Angeles Lakers
Dallas Mavericks
112–90
32:53
18
31
4
10
22
25
[U]
[19][20]

62
Anthony, CarmeloCarmelo Anthony^
000000002014-01-24-0000January 24, 2014
20
17
19
6
New York Knicks
Charlotte Bobcats
125–96
38:39
23
35
6
11
10
10
[V]
[21]

43
61
Mikan, GeorgeGeorge Mikan*
000000001952-01-20-0000January 20, 1952
18
18
—
—
Minneapolis Lakers
Rochester Royals
91–81
—
22
45
—
—
17
21
[W]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-09-0000December 9, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
135–113
48
28
48
—
—
5
10

[5]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-22-0000February 22, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
139–121
48
21
36
—
—
19
34

[5]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-02-28-0000February 28, 1962
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Chicago Packers
128–119
48
24
46
—
—
13
17

[5]

61
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
000000001962-04-14-0000April 14, 1962
18
15
13
15
Los Angeles Lakers
Boston Celtics
126–121
—
22
46
—
—
17
19
[X]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-11-21-0000November 21, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Cincinnati Royals
139–143
—
27
52
—
—
7
15

[9]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-11-0000December 11, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
Syracuse Nationals
136–124
—
27
57
—
—
7
11

[9]

61
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001962-12-18-0000December 18, 1962
—
—
—
—
San Francisco Warriors
St. Louis Hawks
130–110
—
26
53
—
—
9
14

[9]

61
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001987-03-04-0000March 4, 1987
14
10
7
26
Chicago Bulls
Detroit Pistons
125–120
43
22
39
0
0
17
18
[Y]
[22][23][24]

61
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
000000001987-04-16-0000April 16, 1987
15
17
16
13
Chicago Bulls
Atlanta Hawks
114–117
41
22
38
0
3
17
21
[Z]
[25][26][27][28][29]

61
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
000000001990-01-27-0000January 27, 1990
17
13
20
11
Utah Jazz
Milwaukee Bucks
144–96
33
21
26
0
0
19
23

[30]

61
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
000000002000-03-06-0000March 6, 2000
10
16
16
19
Los Angeles Lakers
Los Angeles Clippers
123–103
44:52
24
35
0
0
13
22
[AA]
[31]

61
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002009-02-02-0000February 2, 2009
18
16
12
15
Los Angeles Lakers
New York Knicks
126–117
36:48
19
31
3
6
20
20

[32]

61
James, LeBronLeBron James^
000000002014-03-03-0000March 3, 2014
11
13
25
12
Miami Heat
Charlotte Bobcats
124–107
41:12
22
33
8
10
9
12
[AB]
[33][34]

57
60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-01-0000December 1, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
138–117
48
22
47
—
—
16
26

[5]

60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001961-12-29-0000December 29, 1961
—
—
—
—
Philadelphia Warriors
Los Angeles Lakers
123–118
48
24
43
—
—
12
19
[AC]
[5]

60
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
000000001969-01-26-0000January 26, 1969
18
9
10
23
Los Angeles Lakers
Cincinnati Royals
126–113
—
22
36
—
—
16
24
[AD]

60
King, BernardBernard King*
000000001984-12-25-0000December 25, 1984
21
19
11
9
New York Knicks
New Jersey Nets
114–120
41
19
30
0
0
22
26

[35]

60
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
000000001985-03-12-0000March 12, 1985
12
11
19
18
Boston Celtics
Atlanta Hawks
126–115
43
22
36
1
4
15
16
[AE]
[36]

60
Chambers, TomTom Chambers
000000001990-03-24-0000March 24, 1990
14
21
14
11
Phoenix Suns
Seattle SuperSonics
121–95
42
22
32
0
0
16
18

[37][38][39][40]

60
Iverson, AllenAllen Iverson*
000000002005-02-12-0000February 12, 2005
17
12
11
20
Philadelphia 76ers
Orlando Magic
112–99
42:01
17
36
2
5
24
27

[41][42]

60
Arenas, GilbertGilbert Arenas
000000002006-12-17-0000December 17, 2006
12
5
12
15
Washington Wizards
Los Angeles Lakers
147–141
49:00
17
32
5
12
21
27
[AF]
[43]

60
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002007-03-22-0000March 22, 2007
13
11
19
17
Los Angeles Lakers
Memphis Grizzlies
121–119
45:11
20
37
3
7
17
18
[AG]
[44]

60
Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
000000002016-04-13-0000April 13, 2016
15
7
15
23
Los Angeles Lakers
Utah Jazz
101–96
42
22
50
6
21
10
12
[AH]
[45][46]

60
Klay Thompson^
000000002016-12-05-0000December 5, 2016
17
23
20
DNP
Golden State Warriors
Indiana Pacers
142–106
29
21
33
8
14
10
11
[AI]
[47]

60
James Harden^
000000002018-01-30-0000January 30, 2018
16
13
13
18
Houston Rockets
Orlando Magic
114–107
46:26
19
30
5
14
17
18
[AJ]
[48]