document_title: Blue Bloods (season 8)

question_text: who plays the lady mayor on blue bloods

question_tokens: who plays the lady mayor on blue bloods

root

text: Blue Bloods (season 8)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Donnie Wahlberg (Danny Reagan), Bridget Moynahan (Erin Reagan), Will Estes (Jamie Reagan), and Len Cariou (Henry Reagan) are first credited. Then Sami Gayle (Nicky Reagan-Boyle) is credited next, marking the fourth season she has been included in the opening credits. Tom Selleck (Frank Reagan) receives an "and" billing at the close of the main title sequence. Amy Carlson (Linda Reagan) left between Seasons 7 and 8.

tag: p

text: Marisa Ramirez, as Danny's partner Detective Maria Baez, and Vanessa Ray, as Jamie's partner Eddie Janko, continue to receive "also starring" billing for season 8. Appearing regularly and receiving "special guest star" billing are Gregory Jbara as Deputy Commissioner of Public Information Garrett Moore, Robert Clohessy as Lt. Sidney Gormley, and Abigail Hawk as Detective Abigail Baker, Frank's primary aide.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

156
1
"Cutting Losses"
David M. Barrett
Siobhan Byrne O'Connor
September 29, 2017 (2017-09-29)
801
10.04[3]

Erin pleads with Danny, who has been contemplating retirement since Linda's death in a rescue helicopter crash, to help her with a case involving her ex-husband, Jack (Peter Hermann) who's been attacked in his office. Jamie and Eddie go undercover as a couple to bust a shady drug dealer; new mayor Margaret Dutton (Lorraine Bracco) butts heads with Frank.

157
2
"Ghosts of the Past"
John Behring
Kevin Riley
October 6, 2017 (2017-10-06)
803
9.49[4]

Frank receives an order from the mayor to attend the annual West Indies parade, which this year is honoring a man who served time for conspiring in an attack against the police. Meanwhile, Danny and Maria investigate the return of Selena Moore (Caroline Pluta), who suspiciously disappeared as a teen 13 years ago. Also, Jamie and Eddie try to help a young woman they believe is being exploited by Congressman Richard Walters (Richard Thomas).

158
3
"The Enemy of My Enemy"
Robert Harmon
Ian Biederman
October 13, 2017 (2017-10-13)
802
8.98[5]

Erin's case against human trafficker Chao Lin (Tia Carrere) faces difficulty when the presiding judge falls off a roof to his death. Danny and Baez investigate, while also trying to protect a key witness for the prosecution. Elsewhere, Frank's enhanced public safety initiative is opposed by Mayor Dutton, but gains a surprising ally, City Council Speaker Regina Thomas (Whoopi Goldberg).

159
4
"Out of the Blue"
David M. Barrett
Brian Burns
October 20, 2017 (2017-10-20)
804
9.08[6]

Danny and Baez work the case of a detective who was gunned down prior to testifying against a career criminal. Also, Frank personally investigates when Garrett is attacked by a SWAT team outside his home, and Erin brings in a confidential informant against Anthony's wishes.

160
5
"The Forgotten"
Ralph Hemecker
Allie Solomon
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
805
8.29[7]

Danny and Baez investigate the murder of a single mother whose ex-husband has a documented history of violence. Also, Frank deals with the fallout when Mayor Dutton eliminates solitary confinement in prisons, while Jamie's effort to save a young woman who overdosed on heroin has unexpected consequences.

161
6
"Brushed Off"
Eric Laneuville
Daniel Truly
November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03)
806
9.27[8]

When a famous basketball player is found dead of an apparent drug overdose, Danny and Maria look into his possible ties to a local drug gang. Also, Erin revisits the case of a man she may have wrongfully convicted nine years ago, and Frank is approached by Archbishop Kearns (Stacey Keach) regarding an eviction matter Jamie and Eddie are working on.

162
7
"Common Ground"
David M. Barrett
Siobhan Byrne O'Connor
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)
807
9.94[9]

A case turns personal for Danny when he works to protect a nurse, Faith Madson (Jessie Mueller), from her violent ex-boyfriend. Meanwhile, Shelly Wayne (Cassandra Freeman), an acquaintance of Frank's, comes to him with a theory regarding the death of an inmate. Also, Jamie and Eddie help deliver a baby, only to learn that the mother and her family are undocumented immigrants living in deplorable conditions.

163
8
"Pick Your Poison"
Heather Cappiello
Kevin Wade
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
808
9.25[10]

Eddie makes a questionable arrest of a man revealed to be a college acquaintance who once humiliated her in a frat house. Frank learns one of his best lieutenants tested positive for marijuana after a trip to Colorado, and gets caught between department regulations and Mayor Dutton's stance on making pot legal. Meanwhile, Danny and Baez investigate a murder linked to a white supremacist group.

164
9
"Pain Killers"
John Behring
Ian Biederman
December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01)
809
8.84[11]

As Danny and Baez join a narcotics task force to track down a drug supplier at a prep school, Baez comes into contact with fentanyl and is soon fighting for her life from an accidental overdose. Also, Jamie and Eddie work to protect a rehabilitated sex offender whose neighbors are angry he lives in their apartment building, and Frank forms an unlikely alliance with Mayor Dutton when the Governor refuses to involve the NYPD during a major state trooper initiative.

165
10
"Heavy Is the Head"
David M. Barrett
Brian Burns
December 8, 2017 (2017-12-08)
810
9.40[12]

Erin is conflicted when Jamie and Eddie ask her to help drop old charges against a man, Parker Mack (Spencer House), who just bravely rescued a woman from a local hostage situation. Meanwhile, Danny and Baez work a case involving car thieves and discover the leader is Victor Lugo (Nick Cordero), a mobster they've dealt with before. Also, Baker receives a job offer which Frank learns may have strings attached.

166
11
"Second Chances"
Deran Sarafian
Kevin Riley
January 5, 2018 (2018-01-05)
811
9.98[13]

When a journalist disappears while working on an exposé about an innocent man serving time for murder, Danny and Baez hope that reexamining the original case will help find her. Also, Frank reluctantly speaks out against an initiative led by Erin's office to consider drug abuse as a disease first, and a crime second.

167
12
"The Brave"
Tom Moore
Siobhan Byrne O'Connor
January 12, 2018 (2018-01-12)
812
10.17[14]

Anthony is shot while interviewing a witness for an upcoming murder trial. Despite their differences, Danny takes up the case to find out who was responsible, telling Erin that Anthony is still "one of us". Also, Jamie and Eddie get in the middle of a standoff between a police lieutenant and a developmentally disabled man posing as an officer, and Nicky prepares to take the police exam over her mom's objections.

168
13
"Erasing History"
Jane Raab
Daniel Truly
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
813
9.45[15]

When Henry is the key witness on Danny and Baez's case, his meddling pushes Danny's buttons until he leads them to valuable information. Also, Nicky shocks her family by siding with her activist friend, Christie (Naian Gonzalez Norvind), who defaced the NYPD flag with red paint at One Police Plaza, and Jamie and Eddie learn a parole officer is taking advantage of his power over parolees.

169
14
"School of Hard Knocks"
Alex Zakrzewski
Ian Biederman
February 2, 2018 (2018-02-02)
814
9.32[16]

When a student is shot by a rival gang member in his high school courtyard, Danny and Baez try to get a grasp on the situation to prevent a reoccurrence, but the principal, Darryl Ward (Ernie Hudson), recklessly takes matters into his own hands. Also, Erin tries to help her friend, Mickey (Raphael Sbarge), who is mixed up in an illegal gambling ring, and Governor Mendez (David Zayas) tries to frame Frank after one of his top legislative aides is shot by an NYPD officer.

170
15
"Legacy"[17]
David M. Barrett
Allie Solomon
March 2, 2018 (2018-03-02)
815
TBD

171
16
"Tale of Two Cities"[18]
Robert Duncan McNeill
Brian Burns
March 9, 2018 (2018-03-09)
816
TBD

tag: table

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Cutting Losses"
September 29, 2017
1.1/5
10.04[3]
0.7
4.57
1.8
14.60[19]

2
"Ghosts of the Past"
October 6, 2017
1.0/4
9.49[4]
0.7
4.18
1.7
13.67[20]

3
"The Enemy of My Enemy"
October 13, 2017
0.9/4
8.98[5]
0.6
4.13
1.5
13.11[21]

4
"Out of the Blue"
October 20, 2017
0.9/4
9.08[6]
0.7
4.12
1.6
13.20[22]

5
"The Forgotten"
October 27, 2017
0.9/4
8.29[7]
N/A
4.14
N/A
12.43[23]

6
"Brushed Off"
November 3, 2017
0.9/4
9.27[8]
N/A
3.97
N/A
13.24[24]

7
"Common Ground"
November 10, 2017
1.0/5
9.94[9]
0.7
3.84
1.7
13.78[25]

8
"Pick Your Poison"
November 17, 2017
0.9/4
9.25[10]
N/A
4.14
N/A
13.40[26]

9
"Pain Killers"
December 1, 2017
0.8/4
8.84[11]
0.7
4.54
1.5
13.41[27]

10
"Heavy is the Head"
December 8, 2017
0.9/4
9.40[12]
0.7
4.07
1.6
13.47[28]

11
"Second Chances"
January 5, 2018
1.0/4
9.98[13]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

12
"The Brave"
January 12, 2018
1.0/4
10.17[14]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

13
"Erasing History"
January 19, 2018
0.9/4
9.45[15]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

14
"School of Hard Knocks"
February 2, 2018
0.9/4
9.32[16]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

15
"Legacy"
March 2, 2018
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

16
"Tale of Two Cities"
March 9, 2018
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: Brine shrimp

question_text: when do brine shrimp produce eggs versus live birth

text: Brine shrimp

text: Description[edit]

text: The brine shrimp Artemia comprises a group of seven to nine species very likely to have diverged from an ancestral form living in the Mediterranean area about 5.5 million years ago.[6]

text: The Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center (ARC) at Ghent University possesses the largest known Artemia cyst collection, a cyst bank containing over 1,700 Artemia population samples collected from different locations around the world [7].

text: Artemia is a typical primitive arthropod with a segmented body to which is attached broad leaf-like appendages. The body usually consists of 19 segments, the first 11 of which have pairs of appendages, the next two which are often fused together carry the reproductive organs, and the last segments lead to the tail.[8] The total length is usually about 8–10 millimetres (0.31–0.39 in) for the adult male and 10–12 mm (0.39–0.47 in) for the female, but the width of both sexes, including the legs, is about 4 mm (0.16 in).

text: The body of Artemia is divided into head, thorax, and abdomen. The entire body is covered with a thin, flexible exoskeleton of chitin to which muscles are attached internally and shed periodically.[9] In female Artemia a moult precedes every ovulation.

text: For brine shrimp, many functions, including swimming, digestion and reproduction are not controlled through the brain; instead, local nervous system ganglia may control some regulation or synchronisation of these functions.[9] Autotomy, the voluntary shedding or dropping of parts of the body for defence, is also controlled locally along the nervous system.[8] Artemia have two types of eyes. They have two widely separated compound eyes mounted on flexible stalks. These compound eyes are the main optical sense organ in adult brine shrimps. The median eye, or the naupliar eye, is situated anteriorly in the centre of the head and is the only functional optical sense organ in the nauplii, which is functional until the adult stage.[9]

text: Ecology and behavior[edit]

text: Brine shrimp can tolerate any levels of salinity from 25‰ to 250‰ (25–250 g/L),[10] with an optimal range of 60‰–100‰,[10] and occupy the ecological niche that can protect them from predators.[11] Physiologically, optimal levels of salinity are about 30–35‰, but due to predators at these salt levels, brine shrimp seldom occur in natural habitats at salinities of less than 60–80‰. Locomotion is achieved by the rhythmic beating of the appendages acting in pairs. Respiration occurs on the surface of the legs through fibrous, feather-like plates (lamellar epipodites)[8]

text: Reproduction[edit]

text: Males differ from females by having the second antennae markedly enlarged, and modified into clasping organs used in mating.[12] Adult female brine shrimp ovulate approximately every 140 hours. In favourable conditions, the female brine shrimp can produce eggs that almost immediately hatch. While in extreme conditions, such as low oxygen level or salinity above 150‰, female brine shrimp produce eggs with a chorion coating which has a brown colour. These eggs, also known as cysts, are metabolically inactive and can remain in total stasis for two years while in dry oxygen-free conditions, even at temperatures below freezing. This characteristic is called cryptobiosis, meaning "hidden life". While in cryptobiosis, brine shrimp eggs can survive temperatures of liquid air (−190 °C or −310 °F) and a small percentage can survive above boiling temperature (105 °C or 221 °F) for up to two hours.[11] Once placed in briny (salt) water, the eggs hatch within a few hours. The nauplius larvae are less than 0.4 mm in length when they first hatch. Brine shrimp have a biological life cycle of one year.

text: Parthenogenesis[edit]

text: Parthenogenesis is a natural form of reproduction in which growth and development of embryos occur without fertilisation. Thelytoky is a particular form of parthenogenesis in which the development of a female individual occurs from an unfertilised egg. Automixis is a form of thelytoky, but there are different kinds of automixis. The kind of automixis relevant here is one in which two haploid products from the same meiosis combine to form a diploid zygote.

text: Diploid Artemia parthenogenetica reproduce by automictic parthenogenesis with central fusion (see diagram) and low but nonzero recombination.[13] Central fusion of two of the haploid products of meiosis (see diagram) tends to maintain heterozygosity in transmission of the genome from mother to offspring, and to minimise inbreeding depression. Low crossover recombination during meiosis likely restrains the transition from heterozygosity to homozygosity over successive generations.

text: Diet[edit]

text: In their first stage of development, Artemia do not feed but consume their own energy reserves stored in the cyst.[14] Wild brine shrimp eat microscopic planktonic algae. Cultured brine shrimp can also be fed particulate foods including yeast, wheat flour, soybean powder or egg yolk.[15]

text: Genetics[edit]

text: Artemia comprises sexually reproducing, diploid species and several obligate parthenogenetic Artemia populations consisting of different clones and ploidies (2n->5n) [16].

text: Aquaculture[edit]

text: Fish farm owners search for a cost-effective, easy to use, and available food that is preferred by the fish. From cysts, brine shrimp nauplii can readily be used to feed fish and crustacean larvae just after one-day incubation. Instar I (the nauplii that just hatched and with large yolk reserves in their body) and instar II nauplii (the nauplii after first moult and with functional digestive tracts) are more widely used in aquaculture, because they are easy for operation, rich in nutrients, and small, which makes them suitable for feeding fish and crustacean larvae live or after drying.

text: Toxicity test[edit]

text: Artemia found favor as a model organism for use in toxicological assays, despite the recognition that it is too robust an organism to be a sensitive indicator species.[17][citation needed]

text: In pollution research Artemia, the brine shrimp, has had extensive use as a test organism and in some circumstances is an acceptable alternative to the toxicity testing of mammals in the laboratory.[18] The fact that millions of brine shrimp are so easily reared has been an important help in assessing the effects of a large number of environmental pollutants on the shrimps under well controlled experimental conditions.

text: Threatened[edit]

text: Artemia monica, the variety commonly known as Mono Lake brine shrimp, can be found in Mono Lake, Mono County, California. In 1987, Dennis D. Murphy from Stanford University petitioned the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to add A. monica to the endangered species list under the Endangered Species Act (1973). The diversion of water by the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power resulted in rising salinity and concentration of sodium hydroxide in Mono Lake. Despite the presence of trillions of brine shrimp in the lake, the petition contended that the increase in pH would endanger them.

text: The threat to the lake's water levels was addressed by a revision to California State Water Resources Control Board's policy, and the US Fish and Wildlife Service found on 7 September 1995 that the Mono Lake brine shrimp did not warrant listing.[19]

text: Space experiment[edit]

text: Scientists have taken the eggs of brine shrimp to outer space to test the impact of radiation on life. Brine shrimp cysts were flown on the U.S. Biosatellite II, Apollo 16, and Apollo 17 missions, and on the Russian Bion-3 (Cosmos 782), Bion-5 (Cosmos 1129), Foton 10, and Foton 11 flights. Some of the Russian flights carried European Space Agency experiments.

text: On Apollo 16 and Apollo 17, the cysts traveled to the Moon and back. The cosmic ray passed through an egg would be detected on the photographic film in their container. Some eggs were kept on Earth as experimental controls to ensure a fair test. Also, as the take-off in a spacecraft involves a lot of shaking and acceleration, one control group of egg cysts was accelerated to seven times the force of gravity and vibrated mechanically from side to side for several minutes so that they could experience the same violence of a rocket take-off.[20] There were 400 eggs in each experimental group. All the egg cysts from the experiment were then placed in salt water to hatch under optimum conditions. As a result, a high sensitivity to cosmic radiation was observed on Artemia salina eggs; 90% of the embryos, which were induced to develop from hit eggs, died at different developmental stages.[21]


document_title: List of worst Major League Baseball season records

question_text: who has the worst era in mlb history

question_tokens: who has the worst era in mlb history

text: Season records[edit]

text: The following teams finished the season with a .300 winning percentage or lower.

text:
NL = National League
AL = American League
AA = American Association
PL = Players' League

tag: ul

text:
Season
Franchise
League
Wins
Losses
Pct.
GB

1899 !1899
Cleveland Spiders
NL
20
134
.130
84

1890 !1890
Pittsburgh Alleghenys
NL
23
113
.169
66.5 !66½

1889 !1889
Louisville Colonels
AA
27
111
.196
66.5 !66½

1897 !1897
St. Louis Browns
NL
29
102
.221
63.5 !63½

1886 !1886
Washington Nationals
NL
28
92
.233
60

1886 !1886
Kansas City Cowboys
NL
30
91
.248
58.5 !58½

1898 !1898
St. Louis Browns
NL
39
111
.260
63.5 !63½

1895 !1895
Louisville Colonels
NL
35
96
.267
52.5 !52½

1890 !1890
Buffalo Bisons
PL
36
96
.273
46.5 !46½

1894 !1894
Louisville Colonels
NL
36
94
.277
54

1896 !1896
Louisville Colonels
NL
38
93
.290
53

1887 Indianapolis !1887
Indianapolis Hoosiers
NL
37
89
.294
43

1895 !1895
St. Louis Browns
NL
39
93
.295
48.5 !48½

1887 !1887
Cleveland Blues
AA
39
92
.298
54

text: Modern era (1900–present)[edit]

text:
Season
Franchise
League
Wins
Losses
Pct.
GB

1916 !1916
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
36
117
.235
54.5 !54½

1935 !1935
Boston Braves
NL
38
115
.248
61.5 !61½

1962 !1962
New York Mets
NL
40
120
.250
60.5 !60½

1904 !1904
Washington Senators
AL
38
113
.252
55.5 !55½

1919 !1919
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
36
104
.257
52

2003 !2003
Detroit Tigers
AL
43
119
.265
47

1952 !1952
Pittsburgh Pirates
NL
42
112
.273
54.5 !54½

1909 Washington !1909
Washington Senators
AL
42
110
.276
56

1942 !1942
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
42
109
.278
62.5 !62½

1939 !1939
St. Louis Browns
AL
43
111
.279
64.5 !64½

1932 !1932
Boston Red Sox
AL
43
111
.279
64

1941 !1941
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
43
111
.279
57

1915 !1915
Philadelphia Athletics
AL
43
109
.283
58.5 !58½

1928 !1928
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
43
109
.283
51

1911 Boston !1911
Boston Rustlers
NL
44
107
.291
54

1909 Boston !1909
Boston Doves
NL
45
108
.294
65.5 !65½

1911 St. Louis !1911
St. Louis Browns
AL
45
107
.296
56.5 !56½

1939 Philadelphia !1939
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
45
106
.298
50.5 !50½

1937 !1937
St. Louis Browns
AL
46
108
.299
56

1945 !1945
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
46
108
.299
52

1938 !1938
Philadelphia Phillies
NL
45
105
.300
43

text: 1898 St. Louis Browns and 1899 Cleveland Spiders[edit]

text: The 1899 Cleveland Spiders own the worst single-season record of all time (minimum 120 games) and for all eras, finishing at 20–134 (.130 percentage) in the final year of the National League's 12-team era in the 1890s; for comparison, this projects to 21–141 under the current 162-game schedule, and Pythagorean expectation based on the Spiders' results and the current 162-game schedule predicts a record of 25–137.

text: The Spiders had a fair amount of success in the 1890s, with seven straight winning seasons from 1892 to 1898 and a Temple Cup victory in 1895. Meanwhile, the once four-time American Association champion St. Louis Browns had fallen to 29–102 in 1897 and to 39–111 (including 19–67 on the road) in 1898. But the Spiders ownership, the Robison brothers, bought the Browns in time for the 1899 season, creating a conflict-of-interest situation which was later outlawed. On the eve of the season, they traded almost all of Cleveland's good players to St. Louis for very little in return, with respectable results for St. Louis and disastrous results for Cleveland.

text: The 1899 Spiders set the major league record for most consecutive losses in a season (24, from July 26 to September 16), and had six losing streaks of 10 games or more. The Spiders lost 40 of their last 41 games, finishing 84 games behind the 1899 National League champion Brooklyn Dodgers and 35 games behind the second-last-placed Washington Senators. They lost 27 games in September, a record for the most games lost in a month until the 1909 Washington Senators went 5–29 in July. Due to paltry attendances, the Spiders played 112 games on the road, finishing with a road record of 11–101 (the 101 road losses is a record which is unbreakable under the current MLB scheduling rules, which allow a maximum of 81 road games).

text: The 1899 Browns, renamed the "Perfectos" and staffed with all the best players from the 1898 Spiders (six of the Spiders' eight starting position players and four starting pitchers, including the great Cy Young) improved by 44½ games, from 39–111 to 84–67. However, all St. Louis did ultimately was to trade places with Cleveland in the standings. The Browns/Perfectos were renamed the St. Louis Cardinals in 1900, and are unrelated to the American League St. Louis Browns that adopted the discarded nickname and also appear on this list.

text: After the 1899 season, the National League contracted from twelve to eight clubs for the 1900 season, with the Spiders, the original Baltimore Orioles, Louisville Colonels (Louisville has never had another major league team since), and the original Washington Senators folding operations. Baltimore had also been stripped of its best players by Brooklyn in 1899, to somewhat less dramatic effect, but still enough to speed their demise. The smaller 1900 National League allowed the Western League to fulfill its dreams of becoming a major league, filling the void in a number of cities by renaming itself the American League in 1900 and declaring itself a major league in 1901.

text: Other teams[edit]

text: With shorter schedules before 1886, it was much more common for teams to finish with sub-.300 winning percentages, as there was less of the evening out effect of a longer season.

text: Four teams have finished with worse overall winning percentages than the 1899 Spiders, but these teams played less than 50 games during their seasons, and in leagues whose status as "major" is questionable.

text: Three of these occurred in the National Association (the status of the National Association as a major league has long been disputed):

text:
The 1872 Brooklyn Eckfords finished at 3-26 (.103 percentage), which for comparison would project to 17–145 under the current schedule, and Pythagorean expectation based on the Eckfords' results and the current 162-game schedule predicts a record of 19–143.
The 1873 Elizabeth Resolutes finished at 2–21 (.087 percentage), which for comparison would project to 7–155 under the current schedule, and Pythagorean expectation based on the Resolutes' results and the current 162-game schedule predicts a record of 16–146.
The 1875 Brooklyn Atlantics finished at 2–42 (.045 percentage), which for comparison would project to 7–155 under the current schedule, and Pythagorean expectation based on the Atlantics' results and the current 162-game schedule predicts a record of 13–149.

text: The Wilmington Quicksteps of the 1884 Union Association played only 18 games, finishing with a 2–16 record (.111 percentage) before they dropped out of the Association and folded. For comparison, this projects to 18–144 under the current schedule, and Pythagorean expectation based on the Quicksteps' results and the current 162-game schedule predicts a record of 14–148. However, while the Union Association is conventionally listed as a major league, this status has been questioned due to the league's overall lack of playing talent and poor organizational structure.

text: Contemporary baseball guides did not consider the Union Association to be a major league, with the earliest record referencing the Union Association as a major league dating to 1922.[1]

text: The 1890 Alleghenys were gutted before the season when nearly all of their best players defected to the Pittsburgh Burghers of the Players' League. Poor attendances meant that they played 97 of their 136 games on the road, finishing with a road record of 9–88 (the 88 road losses remained a record until 1899, and is unreachable under current MLB scheduling rules). The Alleghenys .093 road winning percentage is the lowest in MLB history for a minimum of 60 games.

text: The Philadelphia Athletics were a good team in the early 1910s, winning American League pennants in 1913 and 1914 and the World Series in 1913. However, owner-manager Connie Mack felt that he was unable to pay his star players' salaries while the Federal League was in operation, and he sold or traded most of them after the 1914 World Series ended. The Athletics then finished in last place from 1915–1922. In 1916, they went 36–117, including 13–64 on the road. The 1916 Athletics .235 winning percentage is the sixth-lowest of any MLB team and the lowest since 1900.

text: The 1935 Boston Braves featured Hall of Famers Rabbit Maranville (age 43) and Babe Ruth (age 40). Braves owner Emil Fuchs had promised Ruth an ownership stake in the Braves and a chance to manage the club in the near future, but had little intention of delivering either. Ruth retired on June 1, 1935, having hit .181 in 72 at-bats for the Braves, with six home runs (the last three all coming on the same day, May 25, 1935, at Pittsburgh). Fuchs, who had been plagued by financial problems for a decade, was forced to give up control of the Braves before the end of the season. The Braves' home winning percentage of .167 is the fifth-lowest of any MLB team and the lowest since 1900.

text: The 1939 Browns drew 386 fans to the park for a 7–4 home loss to Detroit on September 27.[2]

text: The 1962 New York Mets were an expansion team created to fill the void after the New York Giants and Brooklyn Dodgers left New York City at end of the 1957 season. The Mets, filled with castoffs like "Marvelous" Marv Throneberry as well as aging Hall of Famer Richie Ashburn and low-talent rookies such as Choo-Choo Coleman, finished with the third-worst winning percentage in the modern era and the modern-era record for most losses. The Mets went on to finish last or next-to-last for seven years in a row, before they shocked the baseball world by winning the 1969 World Series.

text: The 2003 Tigers seemed like a sure bet to break the 1962 Mets' modern record for most losses when they stood at 38–118 after 156 games, but they won five of their last six to avoid ignominy. On September 27, in their penultimate game, the Tigers came back from an 8–0 deficit to beat the Minnesota Twins 9–8 (the Twins, having just clinched the division, were resting their starters).[3] When the Tigers won the season finale to avoid tying the record, they received a standing ovation from the crowd. Mike Maroth, a starting pitcher for the 2003 Detroit Tigers, went 9–21 and became the first pitcher to lose 20 games in a season since Brian Kingman dropped 20 games for the 1980 Oakland Athletics.[4] Ramón Santiago of the Tigers became only the 12th Triple Crown loser (a player who finishes last in all of the three Triple Crown categories) in modern MLB history.[5] One baseball statistician described the Tigers as possibly "the worst team of all time without a good excuse", as virtually every other team on the list had been reduced to minor-league status, plagued by financial problems or was a first-year expansion team.[6]

text: Three years after losing 119 games, the Detroit Tigers went 95–67 and won their 10th American League pennant, before losing the World Series to the St. Louis Cardinals. Players common to the 2003 and 2006 Tigers teams included Brandon Inge, Ramón Santiago (who spent 2004 and 2005 with the Seattle Mariners), Craig Monroe, Dmitri Young (released in September 2006), Omar Infante, Mike Maroth, Jeremy Bonderman, Nate Robertson, Jamie Walker, Wilfredo Ledezma, and Fernando Rodney.


document_title: Italy (Everybody Loves Raymond)

question_text: where was the everybody loves raymond episode in italy filmed

text: Italy (Everybody Loves Raymond)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Frank (Peter Boyle) and Marie (Doris Roberts) announce to their family that they're all going to Italy for two weeks. The latter reasons that with her birthday coming up, she is using the money she had kept aside for 45 years to pay for the family to meet her cousin Colletta (Silvana De Santis), who lives in a small village outside of Rome. Everyone is excited to go, except Raymond (Ray Romano). Ray informs Debra (Patricia Heaton) that he doesn't want to go on the trip because he has no interest in other cultures. Debra replies that she doesn't want his "dumbness" to ruin the vacation.

text: The family arrive at Colleta's home, who welcomes them along with her husband Giorgio. Ray begins developing a cold which he claims he got from the air conditioning on the van they rode. Robert (Brad Garrett), also becomes miserable, due to his "dilemma"; because he plans to marry Amy but keeps focusing on his ex-wife Joanne, he claims that he is unable to sort out his feelings. At a gelato parlor, he becomes attracted to a waitress named Stefania Fogagnolo (Alex Meneses), whose father Signore Focagnolo (David Proval) is also the owner. He visits Rome with Stefania, but she tells him she doesn't want her dad to know she is dating. Meanwhile, Ray also goes to the city with the rest of the family, but while Debra, Frank and Marie are apparently having a great time, Ray is not.

text: After some time visiting Rome, Debra finally bursts out about Ray's attitude towards the trip and compares his behavior to Frank and Marie's; she argues that while his parents are at least trying to make the best out of things, he has been "a grumpy pain-in-the-ass". Angered, Ray tells her he "will not be a pain in anyone's ass anymore" and gets away from the three. Meanwhile, Signore Fogagnolo catches Stefania and Robert about to make out in her room, and goes after Robert. It also appears that the trip is starting to go downhill for Frank, Marie and Debra. Marie decides Ray should take a walk with her to lighten him up and release her stress from Debra's behavior towards him moping and not wanting to have fun. It seems with the walk, he is starting to become positive and enjoying the vacation.

text: At lunch, Robert, who confronts Marco again, decides to talk with him so he can convince him to be with Stefania. Meanwhile, Ray gives flowers to some of the women, including Colleta, Marie and Debra. Ray shows Debra that he is starting to enjoy being in the country, which makes Debra happy, and the two go on their own date around Rome, as well and Marie and Frank. Colleta and Giorgio give a farewell to the family, while Robert and Stefania say goodbye to each other with Marco watching them. During the van ride, all the family members together sing "C'è La Luna Mezzo Mare" by Lou Monte.

text: The episode ends with Ray annoying his fellow passengers by singing loudly in Italian on the plane back to New York.

text: Production[edit]

text: After the first season of Everybody Loves Raymond ended in 1997, the series' creator, Philip Rosenthal, asked Ray Romano what he was going to do over the summer. When Rosenthal suggested he go to Italy, Romano did not accept because he was "not really interested in other cultures." According to Rosenthal, "After I got up off the floor, I realized: Here's an episode."[2] Directed by Gary Halvorson, "Italy" guest stars Silvana De Santis as Colletta, Pierrino Mascarino as Giorgio, Alex Meneses as Stefania, David Proval as Signore Fogagnolo, Enzo Vitagliano as the Bocce player, Sergio Sivori, Vanni Bramat, Luca Francucci and Alessandro Francucci.[1] It was filmed in July 2000 in the town Anguillara Sabazia outside of Rome.[2] Romano first hinted of the episode in an interview published that same month in the Rome News-Tribune.[3]

text: According to the Los Angeles Times, Brad Garrett threatened not to participate in the two-part episode unless he got a raise, which he was given.[4]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: "Italy" initially aired on the American television network CBS, part one on October 2, 2000 and part two on October 9.[5] In 2005, it was released to DVD as part of the official DVD release for the fifth season, which also came with an audio commentary for both parts of the episode by Phil Rosenthal and Ray Romano.[6] "Italy" has been positively received by critics. Former DVD Verdict writer Russell Engebretson said that while the episode "veers into sentimentality, it provides a dose of sweetness to counter a few of the more darkly comic episodes [of season five], especially the funny but bitter "Christmas Present." He also praised the impressive cinematography.[7] DVD Talk's Jeffrey Robinson called it "a fun way to start the season. It was a nice change of pace after the same settings and atmospheres." He also highlighted the introduction of a new love interest for Robert.[6] However, in a mixed review published in The Gadsden Times, David Kronke opined that in keeping with the nature of usual "special" episodes, "it's not quite up to the series' usual laugh quotient."[8] On March 2, 2002, Rosenthal won the Writers Guild of America Award for Episodic Comedy for writing "Italy".[9] He has cited the episode to be one of his favorites of Everybody Loves Raymond.[10]


document_title: List of Greyhound Bus stations

question_text: list of greyhound bus stations in new jersey

text: List of Greyhound Bus stations

text: Canada[edit]

text: Alberta[edit]

text:
Brooks
Calgary
Edmonton
Hay River
Lethbridge
Medicine Hat
Red Deer Greyhound Station

text: British Columbia[edit]

text: Pacific Central Station, Vancouver

text: Manitoba[edit]

text:
Portage la Prairie railway station, Portage la Prairie
Winnipeg Bus Terminal, Winnipeg

text: Ontario[edit]

text:
Ajax Plaza Bus Terminal, Ajax
Barrie Transit Terminal, Barrie
Belleville Transit Terminal, Belleville
Charles St. Transit Terminal, Kitchener
Kingston Bus Terminal, Kingston
Coach Canada Intercity Coach Terminal, Niagara Falls
Guelph Central Station, Guelph (temporary), see also Guelph Bus Terminal
Hamilton GO Centre, Hamilton
Kanata Town Centre, Kanata
London Greyhound Terminal, London
Oshawa Bus Terminal, Oshawa
Ottawa Central Station, Ottawa
Peterborough Greyhound Terminal, Peterborough
Scarborough Centre Bus Terminal, Toronto
Sportsworld Crossing Transit Loop, Kitchener
St. Catharines Transit Downtown Terminal, St. Catharines
Toronto Coach Terminal, Toronto
Toronto Pearson Airport, Toronto
Union Station, Toronto (York Street, beside Royal York Hotel)
Windsor Transit Centre, Windsor
Yorkdale Bus Terminal, Toronto

text: Quebec[edit]

text: Gare d'autocars de Montréal, Montreal

text: United States[edit]

text: Alabama[edit]

text: Greyhound Bus Station, Montgomery

text: Greyhound Bus Station at Flying J Travel Plaza located in Dothan, Alabama.

text: Arizona[edit]

text:
880 E Butler Ave, Flagstaff, AZ 86001
2647 W Glendale Ave, Phoenix, AZ 85051
2115 E Buckeye RD, Phoenix, AZ 85034
471 W Congress ST, Tucson, AZ 85701

text: Arkansas[edit]

text:
Greyhound Bus Station, Blytheville, NRHP-listed
Greyhound Bus Station, Little Rock.

text: California[edit]

text:
Anaheim Regional Transportation Intermodal Center, Anaheim
El Cajon Transit Center (MTS Transit Center), El Cajon
El Monte Transit Center, El Monte
Glendale (Amtrak station), Glendale
Oxnard Transit Center, Oxnard
Palm Springs (Amtrak station), Palm Springs
Palmdale Transportation Center, Palmdale
Sacramento Greyhound Station, 420 Richards Blvd., Sacramento
12th & Imperial Transit Center (MTS Transit Center), San Diego
Transbay Transit Center, San Francisco
San Rafael Transit Center, San Rafael
San Ysidro Transit Center (MTS Transit Center), San Ysidro
Santa Ana Regional Transportation Center, Santa Ana
Victorville (Amtrak station), Victorville
Los Angeles 1716 E. 7th St.
Madera Intermodal Center, Madera
Modesto Area Express, Modesto
Indio 83100 Indio Boulevard

text: Colorado[edit]

text:
Glenwood Springs (Amtrak station), Glenwood
Lamar Transit Center, Lamar
Pueblo Transit Center, Pueblo

text: Connecticut[edit]

text:
Bridgeport (Metro-North station), Bridgeport
New Haven Union Station, New Haven
New London Union Station, New London
Stamford Transportation Center, Stamford
Hartford Union Station, Hartford

text: Delaware[edit]

text:
7-Eleven at 654 North Dupont Highway, Dover
Wilmington (Amtrak station), Wilmington

text: District of Columbia[edit]

text: Washington Union Station, Washington

text: Florida[edit]

text: Jacksonville Greyhound Station

text: Orlando Station Miami Station

text: Georgia[edit]

text:
Atlantic Greyhound Bus Terminal, Savannah, Georgia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) in Chatham County
Macon Terminal, 65 Spring St, Macon, GA 31201

text: Illinois[edit]

text:
Illinois Terminal, Champaign
Cumberland (CTA station), Chicago
95th/Dan Ryan (CTA station), Chicago
Naperville (Metra), Naperville

text: Indiana[edit]

text:
Miller Trailways Bus Station, Bloomington
Greyhound Bus Terminal, Evansville, NRHP-listed
Gary Metro Center (NICTD), Gary
South Bend Airport, South Bend
Indianapolis Downtown 350 S. Illinois Street

text: Kentucky[edit]

text:
Ashland (Amtrak station), Ashland
Louisville Downtown 720 W Muhammad Ali Blvd.
Lexington, KY, New Circle Rd

text: Louisiana[edit]

text:
Baton Rouge Terminal, Baton Rouge
New Orleans Union Passenger Terminal, New Orleans

text: Maryland[edit]

text:
Aberdeen (MARC station), Aberdeen
Harry S. Truman Park and Ride, Annapolis
Baltimore Greyhound Terminal, Baltimore
Gulf at 212 Sunburst Highway, Cambridge
College Park–University of Maryland station, College Park
Allegany College of Maryland, Cumberland
Cumberland (Amtrak station), Cumberland
Sunoco at 8359 Ocean Gateway, Easton
Edgewood Bus Stop, Edgewood
Fox Hollow Coffee, Elkton
Frederick Transit Center, Frederick
Frederick Municipal Airport, Frederick
Frostburg State University, Frostburg
Pilot Travel Center at 3000 Chestnut Ridge Road, Grantsville
Washington County Transit Center, Hagerstown
Hancock Truck Plaza, Hancock
7-Eleven at 911 Ontario Street, Havre de Grace
7-Eleven at 605 7th Street, Laurel
Mardela Goose Creek, Mardela Springs
New Carrollton (WMATA station), New Carrollton
Stop & Go, North East
West Ocean City Park and Ride, Ocean City
Perryville Bus Station, Perryville
University of Maryland Eastern Shore Student Center, Princess Anne
Shore Transit-tri County, Salisbury
Silver Spring Transit Center, Silver Spring
Vienna Food Market, Vienna
White Marsh Station, White Marsh

text: Massachusetts[edit]

text:
Riverside (MBTA station), Newton
South Station Bus Terminal, Boston
Springfield Union Station, Springfield
Worcester Union Station, Worcester

text: Michigan[edit]

text:
115 E. William, Ann Arbor (formerly the Ann Arbor Bus Depot)
Capital Area Multimodal Gateway, East Lansing
Flint (Amtrak station), Flint
Kalamazoo Transportation Center, Kalamazoo
Pontiac Transportation Center, Pontiac

text: Minnesota[edit]

text: Saint Paul Union Depot, St. Paul

text: Mississippi[edit]

text:
Union Station, Jackson
Meridian Union Station, Meridian

text: Missouri[edit]

text: Gateway Multimodal Transportation Center, St. Louis

text: New Jersey[edit]

text:
Atlantic City Bus Terminal, Atlantic City
Resorts Casino Hotel, Atlantic City
Walter Rand Transportation Center, Camden
Hohokus Bus Stop, Ho-Ho-Kus
Mt. Laurel Bus Station, Mount Laurel
Pennsylvania Station (Newark), Newark
Short Line Term Inc., Ridgewood
Hotel Somerset, Somerville

text: New Mexico[edit]

text: Alvarado Transportation Center, Albuquerque

text: New York[edit]

text:
Trailways Greyhound Station, Albany
Buffalo Metropolitan Transportation Center, Buffalo
Greater Binghamton Transportation Center, Binghamton
Ithaca Bus Station, Ithaca
Port Authority Bus Terminal, Manhattan, New York City
Trailways Bus Station, Rochester
William F. Walsh Regional Transportation Center, Syracuse
Utica Union Station, Utica

text: North Carolina[edit]

text:
J. Douglas Gaylon Depot, Greensboro
Rocky Mount (Amtrak station), Rocky Mount

text: Ohio[edit]

text:
Robert K. Pfaff Intermodal Transit Center, Akron
Greyhound Bus Station, Cincinnati
Greyhound Bus Station, Cleveland, NRHP-listed
Greyhound Bus Station, Columbus
Martin Luther King Jr. Plaza, Toledo

text: Pennsylvania[edit]

text:
Allentown Bus Station, Allentown
Altoona Transportation Center, Altoona
Subway at 141 West Front Street, Berwick
Bethlehem Bus Terminal, Bethlehem
Blairsville Park and Ride, Blairsville
Uni-Mart at 417 Lightstreet Road, Bloomsburg
Crosby Mart, Bradford
Fullington Trailways, Clearfield
Puffs Discount Store, Danville
Fullington Trailways, DuBois
Easton Bus Station, Easton
A-Z Travel Agency, Ebensburg
Eusga Campus Convenience Store, Edinboro
Intermodal Transportation Center, Erie
2 South Lehigh Avenue, Frackville
Westmoreland Transit Center, Greensburg
Harrisburg Transportation Center, Harrisburg
Fullington Trailways, Hazleton
Top Star Mobil at 1570 Main Street, Hellertown
Gulivers Travel Agency, Honesdale
Crimson Creamery, Indiana
130 Clinton Street, Johnstown
Bieber Bus Terminal, Kutztown
22 West Patterson Street, Lansford
Arnold Palmer Regional Airport, Latrobe
Giant Plaza, Lehighton
Town Tavern, Lewisburg
Laskaris Restaurant, Lewistown
Puff Discount Cigarettes, Lock Haven
Lock Haven University Bookstore, Lock Haven
Mahanoy City Bus Stop, Mahanoy City
Mansfield Chamber of Commerce, Mansfield
Best Western at Hunts Landing, Matamoras
Quick Mart, Meadville
Puffs Discount Store, Mount Carmel
Martz Express, Mount Pocono
Lucky Break, Nesquehoning
Route 422 Park and Ride, New Castle
Norristown Transportation Center, Norristown
Greyhound Terminal, Philadelphia
Fullington Bus Garage, Philipsburg
Greyhound Bus Station, Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh International Airport, Pittsburgh
Hilshers General Store, Port Trevorton
Citgo Smart Mart at 63 West High Street, Pottstown
Union Station Intermodal Transit Center, Pottsville
Top Star Exxon at 2040 Route 663, Quakertown
Intercity Bus Terminal, Reading
Scranton Martz Terminal, Scranton
Penn Jersey Food Mart, Shamokin
C&R Emporium, Shenandoah
State College Bus Station, State College
Stroudsburg Bus Station, Stroudsburg
Nationwide Insurance Agency at 519 Market Street, Sunbury
Broad Street and Greenwood Street, Tamaqua
Tyrone News, Tyrone
Washington Park and Ride, Washington
144 Main Street, Watsontown
Greene County Airport, Waynesburg
Wescosville Park and Ride, Wescosville
Wilkes-Barre Bus Station, Wilkes-Barre
Fullington Trailways Terminal, Williamsport
York Capitol Greyhound Station, York
Complete Travel Service, Zelienople

text: Rhode Island[edit]

text: Kennedy Plaza, Providence

text: South Carolina[edit]

text: Greyhound Bus Depot, Columbia, NRHP-listed

text: Tennessee[edit]

text:
Greyhound Bus Station, Jackson, NRHP-listed
Johnson City Transit Center, Johnson City
Dixie Greyhound Bus Lines Complex, Memphis, NRHP-listed

text: Texas[edit]

text:
Houston Bus Terminal in Houston
Dallas Greyhound Terminal, 205 S. Lamar Street, Dallas, TX
Fort Worth Intermodal Transportation Center, Fort Worth
Tyler Greyhound Terminal, Tyler
San Antonio Greyhound Terminal
Corpus Christi Bus Station
El Paso Bus Station
Amarillo Bus Station
Brownsville Bus Station
Bryan-Collage Station Bus Station
Austin Bus Station

text: Utah[edit]

text:
Ogden Intermodal Transit Center, Ogden
Salt Lake City Intermodal Hub, Salt Lake City

text: Virginia[edit]

text:
Lynchburg – Kemper Street Station, Lynchburg
Ts Corner Exxon, Oak Hall
Franconia-Springfield (WMATA station), Springfield
Williamsburg (Amtrak station), Williamsburg

text: Washington[edit]

text:
Bellingham (Amtrak station), Bellingham
Everett Station, Everett
Kelso Multimodal Transportation Center, Kelso
Pasco Intermodal Train Station, Pasco
Tacoma Dome (Sounder station), Tacoma
503 S. Royal Brougham Way (near Stadium light rail station), Seattle

text: Wisconsin[edit]

text:
Appleton Transit Center, Appleton
Milwaukee Intermodal Station, Milwaukee

text: Wyoming[edit]

text:
Cheyenne Rodeway Inn on Central Avenue
Casper Bus Depot on Center Street
Buffalo Cenex on E. Hart Street
Evanston Kiks Chevron on N. 3rd Street
Gilette Shell Food Mart on N Hwy. 14/16
Rock Springs 3 Arches Management Company on Sunset Drive
Sheridan Red Eagle Food Mart on E. Brundage Lane
Jackson Albertsons (disputed naming)
Rawlins Travel Centers of America on South Higley Blvd.
Wheatland I-25 Conaco on W. Maripase

text: Future[edit]

text: Gateway Station, Charlotte, North Carolina

text: Discontinued[edit]

text: Canada[edit]

text: Downtown Brampton Terminal, Brampton, Ontario

text: United States[edit]

text:
Baltimore Travel Plaza, Baltimore, Maryland
Corning (Amtrak station), Corning, California
Trenton Transit Center, Trenton, New Jersey
Staunton (Amtrak station), Staunton, Virginia
Aurora (Metra), Aurora, Illinois
Dempster-Skokie (CTA station), Skokie, Illinois

text: Planned but cancelled[edit]

text: Houston Intermodal Transit Center, Houston, Texas


document_title: Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked

question_text: who plays brittany on alvin and the chipmunks chipwrecked

text: Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked

text: Plot[edit]

text: Dave, The Chipmunks, and The Chipettes, go on a vacation on a cruise ship. The Chipmunks and the Chipettes, and especially Alvin, end up creating pandemonium. Later that night, after Dave leaves to eat at the captain's table and apologize for Alvin's behavior, Alvin sneaks out to the ship's casino, followed by Simon, who hopes to keep Alvin out of further exposure; meanwhile the Chipettes go to the ship's dance club, leaving Theodore alone in the room, watching an unsuitable monster movie. Dave discovers that his old boss, Ian Hawke, is working as the ship's safety monitor dressed as a pelican, and is out to inform the captain if the Chipmunks and Chipettes cause more problems. Simon and Alvin are eventually caught in the casino, and are brought back to the room, along with the Chipettes, and all are accused by Dave for not being trustworthy. The next day, Alvin goes para-sailing on a kite, but the kite flies away with him and the other Chipmunks. Dave goes on a hang-glider to find them but Ian attempts to stop him, and they both end up in the Pacific Ocean.

text: Meanwhile, the Chipmunks find an island, and they sleep for the night. Dave enlists Ian's help to find the same island and begin looking for the Chipmunks. The next morning, the Chipmunks go and find food and while doing so, an island castaway named Zoe shows up and sees the Chipmunks and Chipettes for the first time. They then go to Zoe's tree house, where Eleanor sprains her ankle after falling off a zip line, and Simon gets bitten by a spider, the side effects including personality changes and loss of inhibition.

text: The morning after, everyone observes Simon's personality has changed, and he has no memory of being Simon; he also thinks he is a French adventurous chipmunk named Simone. "Simone" becomes attracted to Jeanette, but does not take as kindly to Alvin and Brittany. Later, Zoe takes Simone, Jeanette, Eleanor, and Theodore to a lake with a waterfall, and Simone finds a cave. He returns with a gold bracelet which he gives to Jeanette as a crown. Brittany and Alvin, having become the "responsible" ones, see an active volcano the next day, and they decide that they have to leave the island with the others. Theodore and "Simone" find Dave and Ian, and they go to meet with the other chipmunks. With Alvin and Brittany in charge, they are all assigned jobs to build a raft to leave the island. When Jeanette and "Simone" go and look for food, "Simone" is knocked unconscious, and Jeanette is kidnapped; "Simone" reverts to Simon afterward.

text: Everyone finds Simon awake, and he cannot remember anything since the change. They discover that Zoe has taken Jeanette, and they head towards the waterfall. When they approached the tree log to cross, Dave and Alvin decide that they will go and find Jeanette. As Zoe encourages Jeanette to find the treasure in the cave by tying her to a rope, Alvin and Dave come to her rescue. The island begins to rumble again, as Zoe lets go of the rope, and Jeanette runs with Dave and Alvin back to the raft, but is pulled back at the log bridge. Simon swings in to help Jeanette before Alvin can cut the ropes with Swiss Army Knife. Dave is left hanging from the log when it almost gives away.

text: Alvin and Ian convince Zoe to help save Dave. They then run towards the raft and escape the eruption. While on the raft, Zoe apologizes to Jeanette for kidnapping her and forcing her to retrieve the treasure. As a gift, Jeanette gives Zoe the gold bracelet that Simon had given to her. Alvin reconciles with Dave, and they are rescued. The Chipmunks and Chipettes perform at the International Music Awards. Ian also starts a new career as a screenwriter by selling a screenplay about Zoe's story to Hollywood, earning him his wealth back.

text: In a post-credits scene, the Chipmunks, the Chipettes, and Dave are on a plane heading back home. Alvin is speaking on the pilot's microphone and tricks the passengers into thinking that the aircraft's destination is Timbuktu. Meanwhile, a stewardess keeps instructing Dave to sit down as the plane is about to take off. Alvin accidentally pushes the food cart, which hits Dave leading to him doing the catchphrase.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jason Lee as David "Dave" Seville
David Cross as Ian Hawke
Jenny Slate as Zoe
Andy Buckley as Captain Correlli
Phyllis Smith as flight attendant

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Justin Long as Alvin Seville
Matthew Gray Gubler as Simon Seville

Alan Tudyk as "Simone", Simon's French alter ego after being bitten by a spider

Jesse McCartney as Theodore Seville
Christina Applegate as Brittany
Anna Faris as Jeanette
Amy Poehler as Eleanor

text: Production[edit]

text: On October 26, 2010, according to 24 Frames from the Los Angeles Times, Mike Mitchell, the director behind Shrek Forever After, was in negotiations with Fox to direct the new film.[6] The film featured one of Carnival's newest and biggest cruise ships, Carnival Dream. The external shots and interior stateroom suite were filmed during a 7-day Caribbean cruise. The casino, dance club, and dining room were filmed on a set not attempting to match the actual interior of the Carnival Dream cruise ship.

text: Release[edit]

text: Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked was released in the U.S. on December 16, 2011, and was the first and only live-action/CGI Chipmunks film to be rated G by the MPAA.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked was released on DVD and Blu-ray on March 27, 2012 from 20th Century Fox Home Entertainment.[7]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed a total of $133,110,742 in North America, and another $209,584,693 overseas, for a total worldwide gross of $342,695,435.[4] Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked made $6.7 million on its opening day, which was lower than the opening day grosses of the original film ($13.3 million) and its sequel ($18.8 million).[8] For its opening weekend, the film ranked at the #2 spot behind Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows with $23.2 million, which was less than the opening weekends of the franchise's previous two films, the original film's $44.3 million and its sequel's $48.9 million respectively.[9]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, a review aggregator, the film has an approval rating of 12% based on 78 reviews and an average rating of 3.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Lazy, rote, and grating, Chipwrecked is lowest-common-denominator family entertainment that's strictly for the very, very, very young at heart."[10] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 24 out of 100 based on 19 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[11] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[12]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
2012 BMI Film & TV Awards: Film Music Award for Mark Mothersbaugh (winner)[13]
2012 Kids' Choice Awards: Favorite Movie (winner)[14]
2012 Teen Choice Awards: Choice Movie Voice for Jesse McCartney (nominated)[15]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked:
Music from the Motion Picture

Soundtrack album by The Chipmunks and The Chipettes

Released
November 15, 2011[16]

Genre
Pop, rock, hip hop, dance

Length
42:43 (Album version)
52:32 (Target Exclusive Limited Edition)
49:45 (Digital Deluxe Edition)

Label
Atlantic

Producer
Ross Bagdasarian, Janice Karman, Ali Dee Theodore

The Chipmunks and The Chipettes chronology

Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack
(2009)Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack2009
Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked: Music from the Motion Picture
(2011)
We're the Chipmunks (Music From the TV Show)
(2015)We're the Chipmunks (Music From the TV Show)2015

text: Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked: Music from the Motion Picture is the licensed soundtrack based on the film. It was released on November 15, 2011 by Atlantic Records. Released to US Target stores, a limited edition version of the soundtrack was released containing four exclusive bonus tracks. iTunes and Amazon.com released a deluxe edition available only on digital download containing three bonus tracks.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
Standard[16]

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performing Artist(s)
Length

1.
"Party Rock Anthem"
Peter Schroeder, Davide Jamahl Listenbee, Stefan Gordy, Skyler Gordy
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
4:14

2.
"Bad Romance"
Nadir Khayat, Stefani Germanotta
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
4:27

3.
"Trouble"
Alecia Moore, Tim Armstrong
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
3:08

4.
"Whip My Hair[17]"
Ronald Jackson, Janae Ratliff
The Chipettes
2:31

5.
"Vacation"
Charlotte Caffey, Kathy Valentine, Jane M. Wiedlin
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes (featuring BASKO)
2:59

6.
"We Have Arrived (*)"
Ali Theodore, Michael Klein, Rachel Rickert, Julian Davis
RAE (featuring Classic)
3:22

7.
"Say Hey (I Love You)"
Michael Franti, Carl Rogers Young
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes (featuring Nomadik)
3:01

8.
"Real Wild Child"
Johnny O'Keefe, Johnny Greenan, Dave Owens
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes (featuring Nomadik)
2:43

9.
"S.O.S."
Jonathan Rotem, Evan "Kidd" Bogart, Ed Cobb
The Chipettes
2:52

10.
"We No Speak Americano / Conga"
Nicola Selerno, Renato Carosone, Enrique Garcia
The Chipettes (featuring Barnetta DaFonseca)
2:38

11.
"Survivor"
Beyoncé Knowles, Anthony Dent, Matthew Knowles
The Chipettes[18]
3:59

12.
"Born This Way / Ain't No Stoppin' Us Now / Firework"
Stefani Germanotta, Fernando Garibay, Paul Blair, Jeppe Laursen, Gene McFadden, John Whitehead, Jerry Cohen, Esther Dean, Mikkel Eriksen, Tom Hermansen, Katy Perry, Sandy Julien Wilhelm
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
2:47

text:
Bonus track

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performing Artist(s)
Length

13.
"Club Can't Handle Me"
Michael Caren, Tramar Dillard, David Guetta, Carmen Michelle Key, Kasia Livingston, Frederic Riesterer, Giorgio Tuinfort
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
3:57

Total length:
42:43

text:
[show]Target Limited Edition Bonus Tracks[19]

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performing Artist(s)
Length

14.
"Love Train"
Kenneth Gamble, Leon Huff
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
2:47

15.
"Fly"
Stan Frazier, Murphy Karges, Mark McGarth, Rodney Shappard, Joseph "McG" Nichol
The Chipmunks
3:18

16.
"Help"
John Lennon, Paul McCartney
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
2:19

17.
"Jungle Boogie"
Ronald Bell, Claydes Eugene Smith, Robert Spike Mickens, Donald Boyce, Richard Westfield, Dennis Ronald Thomas, Robert Earl Bell, George Brown
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
1:22

Total length:
52:32

text:
[show]Digital Deluxe Edition Bonus Tracks[20][21]

No.
Title
Writer(s)
Performing Artist(s)
Length

14.
"Hello"
Martin Solveig, Martina Sorbara
The Chipettes
3:07

15.
"Holiday"
Rivers Cuomo
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes
3:07

16.
"We'll Be Alright"
Rob Coombes, Danny Goffey, Phillip Lawrence, Bruno Mars, Mick Quinn, Jonathan Yip, Ray Romulus, Jeremy Reeves
The Chipmunks & The Chipettes (featuring BASKO)
3:14

Total length:
49:45

text: Chipwrecked - Queenberry Chipwrecked - Queenberry (ft. The Chipmunks) (*) - denotes original song

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (2011–12)
Peak
position

U.S. Billboard 200
36

Australian ARIA Albums Chart
23

text: Video game[edit]

text:
Alvin and the Chipmunks:
Chipwrecked

Developer(s)
Behaviour Interactive

Publisher(s)

NA: Majesco Entertainment
EU: 505 Games

Director(s)
Mike Mitchell

Producer(s)
Janice Karman
Ross Bagdasarian, Jr.

Artist(s)
Mark Mothersbaugh

Composer(s)
Mark Mothersbaugh

Series
Alvin and the Chipmunks

Platform(s)
DS, Wii, Xbox 360

Release

NA: November 15, 2011
EU: November 25, 2011

Genre(s)
Platform

Mode(s)
Single-player, multiplayer

text: Alvin and the Chipmunks: Chipwrecked is a video game based on the film. It was released for the Wii, Nintendo DS, and Xbox 360 on November 15, 2011 in North America and on November 25, 2011 in Europe. Like the previous "Alvin & The Chipmunks" and "Squeakquel" video game adaptations, Ross Bagdasarian, Jr. and Janice Karman reprised their respective roles. Jason Lee and David Cross reprise their roles as well.

text: Plot[edit]

text: It follows the plot of the movie. The Chipmunks and Chipettes get washed up on an island. It's up to the player to play as the Chipmunks, Chipettes, Dave, or Ian to get back to the city.

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In June 2013, 20th Century Fox announced that a sequel, Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Road Chip, would be released on December 11, 2015.[22] On December 18, 2014 however, it was announced for a December 23, 2015 release.[5] On October 14, 2015, the release date was pushed forward to December 18, 2015.


document_title: Alexandra Borgia

question_text: who was the ada killed on law and order

question_tokens: who was the ada killed on law and order

text: Alexandra Borgia

text:
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text:
Alexandra Borgia
Law & Order character
First appearance
"Fluency"Last appearance
"Invaders"Portrayed by
Annie ParisseTime on show
2005–2006Seasons
15, 16Credited appearances
33 episodes (total)Preceded by
Serena SoutherlynSucceeded by
Connie Rubirosa

text: Alexandra Borgia is a fictional character, played by Annie Parisse, who appeared on the long-running NBC drama series Law & Order from 2005 to 2006. Appearing in only 33 episodes, she is the shortest serving ADA in the series' history.

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: Borgia first appears in the episode "Fluency", having been appointed by DA Arthur Branch (Fred Thompson) as a replacement for Serena Southerlyn (Elisabeth Röhm). She principally assists Jack McCoy, but she also conducts detailed investigations, arraignments and hearings independent of McCoy and Branch. Prior to her last appointment, Borgia was engaged in trying many drug cases, which resulted in frequent kudos from police officers and fellow attorneys. She was also respected among her colleagues for her intelligence and adroit manner in preparing a case for prosecution. When asked by Detective Joe Fontana if her name was Italian, she answered that it was from Italy, France and Spain and that she still had relatives in Venice.[1] She is a Christian and regularly goes to church.[2]

text: Unlike her predecessor, Borgia often agrees with the decisions of her superiors and follows their directions regardless of her own views. She shares many parallels with Abbie Carmichael (Angie Harmon), including the latter's conservatism and cooperation with the police in developing cases. Borgia also had a penchant for investigative work, a trait shared by Paul Robinette, whom she opposes in a case in the Season 16 episode "Birthright".

text: Borgia has a professional manner, balancing compassion for victims with adherence to legal rules and procedure. This is evident in her dealings with the mother of a victim of faulty influenza vaccine  during her first case. The prosecution decides to drop the case among the numerous charges against the defendant, as it is too weak to use. Borgia impulsively promises the mother that the defendant would be severely punished in compensation. Although McCoy fulfills that promise by arranging multiple consecutive manslaughter sentences (adding up to 240 years in prison), he asks Borgia to never again make similar promises.[1] This compassion also helps her to get close to victims' families, as demonstrated when she bonds with a murder victim's son over their shared love of fishing.[3] She is also highly respectful and polite in her dealings with colleagues. Simultaneously, she is never afraid to engage in heated byplay with defendants and convicts alike to ensure a successful prosecution. Borgia indicates her devout Catholicism as a factor in her belief in the religious transformation of a defendant and in arguing with her superiors, she also highlights her belief in a Christian ideal of forgiveness.[2] Her Catholic background also influences her opposition to torture.

text: Borgia was the shortest appearing Assistant District Attorney in the history of the Law & Order franchise, seen only in 33 episodes. In her final episode, while investigating a family's murder, the DA's office focuses on the husband, Frank Andreas, who is supplying killers with fake DEA badges which they use to commit home invasion robberies.  Borgia presses Andreas to give up his accomplices, and is later kidnapped from her own apartment.  Her body is subsequently found in the trunk of an abandoned car, bound, brutally beaten and dead of asphyxiation after choking on her own vomit. Outraged, McCoy arranges a sham prosecution to make sure her murderers go to prison for life, skirting legal ethics to the point that he almost faced disbarment and was replaced by a special prosecutor.[4] Borgia's position is filled by Connie Rubirosa (Alana de la Garza) in season 17.

text: Credits[edit]

text: Parisse is credited in a total of 33 episodes of the Law & Order as Alexandra Borgia.[5]

text:
Seasons

Years

Episodes

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

15
2005

16
2005–2006

Seasons

Years

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

24

25

Episodes

text:
Regular cast

×

Regular cast + no appearance

Recurring cast

No credit + no appearance

No episode


document_title: Superuser

question_text: what is the administrator equivalent account in linux called

text: Superuser

text: Unix and Unix-like[edit]

text: In Unix-like computer OSes, root is the conventional name of the user who has all rights or permissions (to all files and programs) in all modes (single- or multi-user). Alternative names include baron in BeOS and avatar on some Unix variants.[2] BSD often provides a toor ("root" written backward) account in addition to a root account.[3] Regardless of the name, the superuser always has a user ID of 0. The root user can do many things an ordinary user cannot, such as changing the ownership of files and binding to network ports numbered below 1024.

text: The name root may have originated because root is the only user account with permission to modify the root directory of a Unix system. This directory was originally considered to be root's home directory,[4] but the UNIX Filesystem Hierarchy Standard now recommends that root's home be at /root.[5] The first process bootstrapped in a Unix-like system, usually called init, runs with root privileges. It spawns all other processes directly or indirectly, which inherit their parents' privileges. Only a process running as root is allowed to change its user ID to that of another user; once it's done so, there is no way back. Doing so is sometimes called dropping root privileges and is often done as a security measure to limit the damage from possible contamination of the process. Another case is login and other programs that ask users for credentials and in case of successful authentication allow them to run programs with privileges of their accounts.

text: It is often recommended that no-one use root as their normal user account,[6][7] since simple typographical errors in entering commands can cause major damage to the system. Instead, a normal user account should be used, and then either the su (substitute user) or sudo (substitute user do) command is used. The su approach requires the user to know the root password, while the sudo method requires that the user has been set up with the power to run "as root" within the /etc/sudoers file, typically indirectly by being made a member of the wheel,[8] adm,[9] admin, or sudo group.

text: For a number of reasons, the sudo approach is now generally preferred – for example it leaves an audit trail of who has used the command and what administrative operations they performed.[10]

text: Some OSes, such as macOS and some Linux distributions (most notably Ubuntu[6]), automatically give the initial user created the ability to run as root via sudo – but configure this to ask them for their password before doing administrative actions. In some cases the actual root account is disabled by default, so it can't be directly used.[6] In mobile platform-oriented OSs such as Apple iOS and Android, superuser access is inaccessible by design, but generally the security system can be exploited in order to obtain it. In a few systems, such as Plan 9, there is no superuser at all.[11]

text: Microsoft Windows[edit]

text: In Windows NT and later systems derived from it (such as Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, and Windows Vista/7/8/10), there must be at least one administrator account (Windows XP and earlier) or one able to elevate privileges to superuser (Windows Vista/7/8/10 via User Account Control).[12] In Windows XP and earlier systems, there is a built-in administrator account that remains hidden when a user administrator-equivalent account exists.[13] This built-in administrator account is created with a blank password.[13] This poses security risks, so the built-in administrator account is disabled by default in Windows Vista and later systems due to the introduction of User Account Control (UAC).[13]

text: A Windows administrator account is not an exact analogue of the Unix root account – Administrator[14] The built-in administrator account and a user administrator account have the same level of privileges. The default user account created in Windows systems is an administrator account. Unlike macOS, Linux, and Windows Vista/7/8/10 administrator accounts, administrator accounts in Windows systems without UAC do not insulate the system from most of the pitfalls of full root access. One of these pitfalls includes decreased resilience to malware infections.

text: In Windows Vista/7/8/10 administrator accounts, a prompt will appear to authenticate running a process with elevated privileges. Usually, no user credentials are required to authenticate the UAC prompt in administrator accounts but authenticating the UAC prompt requires entering the username and password of an administrator in standard user accounts. In Windows XP (and earlier systems) administrator accounts, authentication is not required to run a process with elevated privileges and this poses another security risk that led to the development of UAC. Users can set a process to run with elevated privileges from standard accounts by setting the process to "run as administrator" or using the "runas" command and authenticating the prompt with credentials (username and password) of an administrator account. Much of the benefit of authenticating from a standard account is negated if the administrator account's credentials being used has a blank password (as in the built-in administrator account in Windows XP and earlier systems).

text: In Windows NT, 2000 and higher, the root user is the Administrator account. [15]

text: Novell NetWare[edit]

text: In Novell NetWare, the superuser was called "supervisor",[16] later "admin".

text: OpenVMS[edit]

text: In OpenVMS, "SYSTEM" is the superuser account for the OS.

text: Older personal systems[edit]

text: On many older OSes on computers intended for personal and home use, anyone using the system had full privileges. Many such systems, such as MS-DOS, did not have the concept of multiple accounts, and although others such as Windows 95 did allow multiple accounts, this was only so that each could have its own preferences profile – all users still had full administrative control over the machine.


document_title: War Machine (film)

question_text: who is brad pitt's character in war machine based on

question_tokens: who is brad pitt 's character in war machine based on

text: War Machine (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the summer of 2009, Four-star General Glen McMahon (Brad Pitt), having won renown for his effective leadership in Iraq, is sent to Afghanistan to prepare an assessment so that the government can end the ongoing war.[4][5] He is given wide latitudes to write it, on the sole condition that he not request more troops. McMahon and his staff, particularly his right hand man Major General Greg Pulver (Anthony Michael Hall), are united in their belief that the war can be won, and decide to recommend that President Obama authorize a surge of 40,000 additional troops to secure Helmand province in order to stabilize the country. However, the Secretary of State (Sian Thomas) informs McMahon that his report will not be reviewed until after the upcoming presidential election.

text: Captain Badi Basim (Aymen Hamdouchi), a member of the ANA, joins McMahon's staff as a "representative" of the Afghan people. He arrives, however, in civilian clothes as he would rather not wear his uniform, which he has in a bag, outside the compound near his home as he walked. Meanwhile, McMahon is informed that, due to alleged irregularities in the counting of votes, a runoff election will have to be held, delaying the review of the assessment further. Fed up, McMahon secretly leaks the assessment to the Washington Post and organizes an interview with 60 Minutes, during which he reveals that, in the last seventy days, he has only been granted one meeting with the president. In response, the government announces that they will send 30,000 troops to Afghanistan, and that all US and coalition forces in the country will leave in 18 months. To gather the remaining 10,000 troops needed for his strategy to work, McMahon and his men head to Paris to negotiate with the other coalition nations.

text: In Paris, McMahon learns that the president is passing through, and wishes to meet with him. The ambassador to Afghanistan (Alan Ruck) warns McMahon that he needs to understand his position: if he continues to anger the president, he will be fired for insubordination. The president, however, merely shakes his hand as he climbs aboard Air Force One due to time constraints, and McMahon and his staff attend a dinner in McMahon's honor, accompanied by Rolling Stone writer Sean Cullen (Scoot McNairy), who intends to write a feature story about his performance for an upcoming issue. The next day, during their anniversary dinner, McMahon's wife Jeanie confronts him about how much time he's spending fighting abroad instead of being with his family back home.

text: While on route to Berlin with McMahon's staff to continue negotiations, Cullen observes their behavior and concludes that they are arrogant and seem to care little about the growing public perception that the war is costly and wasteful. At a conference to discuss his strategy, McMahon is confronted by a German official (Tilda Swinton) who is skeptical of his approach and suggests that McMahon's plans would only lead to more losses. Nevertheless, both the Germans and the French agree to furnish the troops needed for his planned offensive, codenamed "Operation Moshtarak", to begin, with Afghan President Hamid Karzai's (Ben Kingsley) approval.

text: The operation launches, but soon runs into trouble when several civilians are accidentally killed against McMahon's instructions. When he holds a public meeting to explain the incident, the crowd grows hostile and demands that he and his troops leave. Worse, McMahon learns that Cullen's article has been published, and paints a negative picture of him and his staff as openly speaking against the president and mishandling the war effort. Knowing that he will be fired for his actions, McMahon returns to Washington and later takes a job as a civilian consultant.

text: In the aftermath, Cullen ponders the consequences of his article, noting that he wished the fall of McMahon would finally convince the government to stop invading foreign countries and end the war in Afghanistan. Instead, however, the government simply assigns a new general to replace McMahon: General Bob White (Russell Crowe).

text: Cast[edit]

text: McMahon's Entourage

text:
Brad Pitt as General Glen McMahon,[6] a character based on General Stanley McChrystal.[7] He is portrayed as an accomplished general with degrees from West Point and Yale[8] brought in to bring a resolution to the conflict in Afghanistan.
Anthony Hayes[9] as Lieutenant Commander Pete Duckman, a Navy SEAL and member of McMahon's staff, possibly based on Navy SEAL David Silverman.
Emory Cohen[10] as Sgt. Willy Dunne, General McMahon's body man.
RJ Cyler as USAF Tech Sgt. Andy Moon, information technology support assistant.[11]
Daniel Betts as USN Rear Admiral Simon Ball, McMahon's Senior Public Affairs Officer.
Topher Grace as Matt Little, a former lobbyist turned McMahon's civilian media adviser.[12]
Anthony Michael Hall as Major General Greg Pulver, ISAF Director of Intelligence,[13] loosely based on Lt. General Michael Flynn.
John Magaro as Colonel Cory Staggart, an Army Ranger and General McMahon's executive officer.[14]
Aymen Hamdouchi as Captain Badi Basim, a scholarly Afghan National Army officer who becomes General McMahon's aide-de-camp.
Scoot McNairy[15] as Sean Cullen, a cynical journalist for Rolling Stone who accompanies McMahon and his staff and acts as narrator throughout the film, loosely based on author Michael Hastings.
Meg Tilly as Jeanie McMahon,[16] McMahon's wife.

text: US Diplomats

text:
Sian Thomas as United States Secretary of State Edith May, based on Hillary Rodham Clinton
Alan Ruck as Pat McKinnon, United States Ambassador to Afghanistan loosely based on Karl Eikenberry.
Nicholas Jones as Dick Waddle, loosely based on Special Representative for Afghanistan and Pakistan Richard Holbrooke.
Griffin Dunne as Ray Canucci, a United States Department of State senior official.

text: Politicians

text:
Ben Kingsley as President Hamid Karzai[17]
Reggie Brown as President Barack Obama
Tilda Swinton as a German politician

text: Combat Marines

text:
Will Poulter as Sgt. Ricky Ortega, a Marine Corps infantry squad leader.[18]
Keith Stanfield as Cpl. Billy Cole, a disillusioned Marine and member of Ortega's squad.[19]
Josh Stewart as Captain Dick North, a Marine Corps officer.

text: Other

text:
Georgina Rylance as Lydia Cunningham, 60 Minutes journalist.
Russell Crowe[20] as General Bob White (uncredited), General Glen McMahon's replacement similar to David Petraeus.

text: Production[edit]

text: On April 27, 2012, it was announced that New Regency and Plan B Entertainment had acquired the film adaptation rights to the 2011 best seller non-fiction book The Operators by Michael Hastings.[21] On April 14, 2014, David Michôd was hired to write and direct the film based on the war in Afghanistan.[7] Brad Pitt was attached to star as General Stanley McChrystal and produce the film along with his Plan B partners Dede Gardner and Jeremy Kleiner, while the film would be financed by New Regency and RatPac Entertainment.[7]

text: On June 8, 2015, Netflix acquired the distribution rights to the film which was re-titled War Machine, while Ian Bryce also came on board to produce the film along with others.[22] On June 17, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that there had been a budget issue between New Regency and RatPac with producers of Plan B, and thus Netflix had stepped in to buy the distribution rights for $60 million.[1]

text: On August 4, 2015, Emory Cohen was cast in the film to play a member of Gen. McChrystal's staff.[10] On August 10, 2015, Topher Grace joined the film to play Gen. Stanley McChrystal's civilian press adviser.[12] On August 11, 2015, John Magaro signed on to play Cory Burger, a special ops soldier and close advisor to General McMahon.[14] On August 14, 2015, Scoot McNairy joined the cast of the film.[15] On August 19, 2015, Anthony Michael Hall was added to the cast to play General Hank Pulver, loosely based on General Mike Flynn.[13] On August 20, 2015, Keith Stanfield signed on to the film.[19] The same day, Will Poulter also joined the cast for an unspecified role.[18] On August 25, Anthony Hayes joined the film.[9] On October 23, 2015, TheWrap revealed that RJ Cyler had also joined the film.[11] Alan Ruck was spotted filming.[23] Meg Tilly was also spotted but her casting was not then officially confirmed.[16] It was later reported Ben Kingsley and Tilda Swinton had been cast.[24]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography on the film began in mid-October 2015 in London.[25][26][27] Later on October 19, filming began in Abu Dhabi, the city was transformed into Kabul, streets into a military fortress, an old building as an American Embassy in Kabul, and a street as a Palestinian border crossing.[28][29] Filming also took place at the Abu Dhabi International Airport in November.[29] Some scenes were also filmed at the Dunsfold Aerodrome in Surrey, England.[23] In mid-November 2015, while final scenes were being shot, actors were spotted filming in Ras al-Khaimah and the city's old neighborhood was transformed into Pakistani villages and a military base-camp.[30]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on Netflix on May 26, 2017.[31]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Brad Pitt visited Mumbai to promote the film and attended a special screening at PVR High Street Phoenix on May 24, 2017.[32] He also met Indian superstar Shah Rukh Khan to promote War Machine.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 54% based on 73 reviews, and an average rating of 5.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "War Machine's uneven execution keeps its fact-based story from cleanly hitting its targets, but those flaws are frequently offset by sharp wit and solid acting."[33] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a 56 out of 100 score, based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[34]


question_text: when is fullmetal alchemist the sacred star of milos set

text: Plot[edit]

text: The movie begins with a young girl, Julia Crichton, waking up from a dream about the day her family was forcibly taken from her home by soldiers beside her older brother Ashleigh, who is currently studying their parents' alchemy books. Ashleigh then shows his sister some pages and explains that with the alchemy in the book, he hopes to make a world that no one's seen before. Soon after discovering two strange rubbed-out pages, the siblings hear some strange noises and Ashleigh goes ahead to investigate, but a worried Julia follows to a room where she finds the bodies of her parents hung up and dripping blood. She watches in horror as her brother is attacked and presumably murdered to which she faints.

text: Years later, a criminal breaks free from prison in Amestris, and the Elric brothers, Edward and Alphonse, join the effort to recapture him. The duo confronts the escapee who proves himself a dangerous opponent able to create ice and lightning from the alchemy circles drawn in blood on the palms of his hands. Despite the Elrics' efforts to capture the criminal, he ends up escaping, and after some investigation with Edward's superior Roy Mustang and his lieutenant Riza Hawkeye, they learn that the fugitive, Melvin Voyager, escaped with only six months remaining of his five-year sentence. Among his belongings, they find a newspaper page with a piece cut off, and comparing with an intact copy of the same page, they find that the missing piece is a photo of a young woman named Julia Crichton who was arrested while entering illegally in the remote Table City, set in the border between Amestris and Creta.

text: Intrigued by the alchemy used by the criminal and his connection with Julia, the Elrics board a train to Table City to investigate further, but the train is attacked by an unknown individual who transforms into a wolf-chimera and takes control of the locomotive. While trying to retake the train's control from the Wolf-Chimera, flying soldiers called the Black Bats attack the train, attempting to rescue what they think are ordinary citizens, but they fall back after finding out the prisoners were Amestrians posing as prisoners as a trap. Meanwhile, Melvin finds his opportunity and escapes, followed after by the Elric Brothers. Ed and Al arrive at a prison, where Melvin destroyed the prison walls to find Julia. Melvin attempts to retrieve Julia, but is interrupted by Miranda, the leader of the Black Bats, who tries to rescue Julia as well. Ed then challenges Melvin while Alphonse goes to save Julia. She and he fall into a village in a vast chasm (The Valley) that surrounds Table City, where Melvin follows and reveals his true identity as Julia's brother, Ashleigh Crichton. Ed then ventures down to The Valley in search of Alphonse, where he learns that Table City was originally the Hill of Milos, until Creta and later Amestris invaded the city and occupied it, forcing the Milosians to live in The Valley, in poverty.

text: Inside the Black Bats' secret base, Julia and Alphonse develop a friendship while Julia learns about Al and Ed's tragic past of human transmutation. Later, when Ed meets up with Al in the Black Bats base, they find themselves hunted down by wolf chimeras from the Cretan secret police dispatched by Colonel Herschel, the Cretan commander of the area, prompting them to retreat further. They and the Elrics arrive in a room with maps and locations of Table City, where Miranda explains to the Elrics their mission: to reclaim Milos by using the Sanguine Star to control a powerful heat source called Magma. Miranda also explains that the Sanguine Star was a 'red glowing stone of power'. Shocked by the description, the Elrics reveal that the Star might be a Philosopher's Stone, which requires human sacrifice to create. Though shocked at the revelation, Julia is determined to do anything to secure the Milosians' freedom, and Ashleigh agrees to help her.

text: Wanting to avoid a bloody war, Ed and Al return to Table City in an attempt to find the Star and destroy it. Later that night, the Black Bats begin their assault on Table City. Miranda, Ashley, and Julia then venture to the main tower, where, suddenly, Ashleigh fatally injures Miranda and explains to Julia that the use of Miranda's blood activates a three dimensional transmutation circle drawn in blood to create the Sanguine Star. Julia then realizes that he is an impostor, Security Chief Atlas, who was enveloped by alchemy's potential of creation and power and killed Julia's parents for it. He explains that he tore off the real Ashleigh's face and the skin from his lower left side to deceive Julia and create the Star. Ed and Al arrive to rescue Julia and confront Atlas, who escapes to the location of the Star. As Ed, Al, and Julia chase after Atlas, Herschel detonates a Cretan thermal power plant, pouring out a massive amount of lava towards the Valley. Al goes to help save the valley while Ed and Julia go after Atlas. Atlas nearly attempts to retrieve the Star, only to be confronted by Ed and Julia. Julia retrieves the star and decides to save the Valley by swallowing it to use its power.

text: Meanwhile, Alphonse's attempt to stop the lava are futile until Julia arrives to help him stop the lava. Atlas arrives to take back the Star, only to be confronted by Colonel Herschel, who reveals himself to be the real Ashleigh Crichton. He survived by swallowing a Star and using its power to heal his wounds. Ashleigh then kills Atlas in revenge for the death of his parents. Confirming his identity to Julia while apologizing for leaving her alone for so long to keep her safe from Atlas, Ashleigh tells Julia to come with him to Creta so they can make a world that no one had ever seen before. Julia refuses and decides to fight her brother, with Ed and Mustang arriving to provide assistance. Julia ends the fight by destroying one of Ashleigh's arms. Then, together with Ed and Al, she manages to stop the flow of magma into the Valley. With the Valley safe, Julia uses the rest of her power to heal Ashleigh, restoring his face and saving his life. However, both Ashleigh and Julia's Stars disintegrate, and Julia sacrifices her left leg and glimpses the Gate of Truth. Meanwhile, on the Cretan side of the border, Milosian resistance fighters seize Creta's main base and declare independence. Without Colonel Herschel to lead them, the Cretan forces retreat.

text: The next morning, Ashleigh wakes up in a hospital bed alongside Julia and is surprised to find his face restored. When Julia wakes up, she is informed that Ashleigh had already left, and is given an automail leg. She then meets Ed and Al as they prepare to leave Table City. Ed chastises Julia, saying that her decision to use the Star was wrong, but he doesn't think she's a bad person. Al promises to Julia that after he and his brother get their bodies back, they will be sure to visit. Julia tells them she will be waiting, as she must stay to lead the Milosians and preserve their newfound independence. Meanwhile, Ashleigh is seen donning his Cretan uniform and returning to Creta. Ed and Al then board a train to Central and take one last look at Table City before leaving.

text: New characters[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The idea to create a Fullmetal Alchemist movie set during the second anime's storyline came from the series's producers. The movie's original plot was written by Yuichi Shinbo who also came up with the new characters' names. From there, director Kazuya Murata did research on Spain to develop Table City, intended as a contrast to Amestris, which was based on England. Because it was the only time in the series that the main characters traveled to another country, Murata had difficulties concluding it, wondering if it would affect the overarching storyline. Therefore, the story was set during the time Edward realized Alphonse's human body existed somewhere, with the logic that knowledge would encourage him to travel to another area to do research. (This likely places the events of the film somewhere around episode 21 of Brotherhood. Alphonse has learned to transmute with only his hands, but Mustang's subordinates have not yet been split up, definitively placing it somewhere between episodes 15 and 24.) Hiromu Arakawa was not included as part of the staff but was still looking forward to the film.[4]

text: Music[edit]

text: The official theme song for the movie is "Good Luck My Way" by L'Arc-en-Ciel, which plays over the film's ending credits. The song is the band's fourth contribution to the franchise. On May 30, 2011, singer-songwriter miwa confirmed that she would sing for the opening credits theme, titled "Chasing Hearts".

text: Specials[edit]

text: To mark the July 2 opening of the Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos film, the Pia Eiga Seikatsu website posted an exclusive video "interview" with the stars of the film, Edward and Alphonse Elric (as voiced by Romi Park and Rie Kugimiya, respectively). In keeping with the spirit of Hiromu Arakawa's original manga and the two anime television series, the interviewer has trouble early on in figuring out who the "Fullmetal Alchemist" is. (The interview has cameos by the other stars of the anime.) Also includes 3 "Study" sessions with "Professor" Mustang, teaching Winry and Hawkeye about Creta and Milos.

text: Reception[edit]

text: In its first weekend, Fullmetal Alchemist: The Sacred Star of Milos earned US $1,791,646 despite being exhibited in only 90 screens across Japan, ranking #4 in overall revenue.[5]

text: The film debuted in North America at the 2011 anime convention Otakon held at the Baltimore Convention Center on July 30. Funimation in coordination with Aniplex were credited with subtitling the movie and premiering it the United States only four weeks after its theatrical release in Japan. The former kicked holding the license for the movie, which saw a limited theatrical release dubbed in English in early 2012, and is slated for a DVD and Blu-ray release in the spring. The film won three awards at the Burbank International Film Festival, which hosted the West Coast premiere of the film. It won awards for each of the three categories it was nominated in.[6]

text: Reception from American critics has been generally positive. Based on 11 reviews, the film received a score of 85% and an average rating of 6.6 out of 10 on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes.[7] It also received a weighted average rating of 54 out of 100 at Metacritic based on 7 mainstream reviews, denoting "mixed or average reviews".[8]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Name of Competition
Category
Result

2011
Burbank International Film Festival
Best Feature (Animation)
Won

2011
Burbank International Film Festival
Best Writing (Animation / Adaptation)
Won

2011
Burbank International Film Festival
Best Director (Animation)
Won