document_title: Barry Evans (EastEnders)

question_text: who pushed barry off the cliff in eastenders

root

text: Barry Evans (EastEnders)

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Barry arrives in Albert Square in 1994 as an acquaintance of David Wicks (Michael French). He provides David and Cindy Beale (Michelle Collins), who are having an affair, somewhere to meet in secret. Barry later helps Cindy escape the UK when she is wanted by the police for the attempted murder of her husband, Ian Beale (Adam Woodyatt).

tag: p

text: Barry is the son of car dealer Roy Evans (Tony Caunter). He moves to Albert Square when Roy and Pat Butcher (Pam St. Clement) begin a relationship and move in together. Barry initially manages Roy's car business, Manor Wood, while Roy goes into partnership with Pat's son David Wicks by investing in his car lot in Walford. Problems arise in 1996 when Pat's former husband, Frank Butcher (Mike Reid), returns and tries to reclaim Pat, his house and his business (the car lot) from Roy. Barry tries to frighten Frank away by hiring a man to torch the car-lot. When the arsonist is caught by the police, Barry is implicated and imprisoned. Upon his release, Barry is entrusted by Roy to run the car-lot on Albert Square while he enjoys retirement: The business is renamed 'Evans & Son'. Barry is forever searching for the respect and pride of his father, but more often than not he succeeds in disappointing Roy. He risks the business and his family's savings by handing monetary assets over to con-woman, Vanessa Carlton. Barry is fooled into believing that Vanessa wants a relationship with him and, after persuading him to invest the money in a fabricated business venture in 1997, she disappears, leaving Barry to face up to a furious Roy. Barry's blunder forces Roy out of retirement and Barry is never able to regain Roy's full trust again.

text: Losing his job at the car lot, Barry is forced to seek employment elsewhere and he uses malicious means to replace Robbie Jackson (Dean Gaffney) as manager of the local film rental shop. It is around this time that Barry seeks the help of a dating agency to find a girlfriend. This leads to him meeting Natalie Price (Lucy Speed) who runs 'Romantic Relations'. The two grow closer as Natalie sets him up on several disastrous dates. After much bumbling from Barry, he eventually realises that he has feelings for Natalie and a romance begins. Natalie moves in with Barry, Roy and Pat and they marry in a millennium double wedding with Ian Beale and Melanie Healy (Tamzin Outhwaite). Barry and Natalie are happy for a while until Natalie discovers she is pregnant. Barry is overjoyed but Natalie is not and almost aborts the baby. However, Barry promises to help out with the baby duties so Natalie can keep working and in 2002 Jack (Samuel and Joseph Timson) is born.

text: Barry has a turbulent time when his half brother Nathan Williams (Doug Allen) comes onto the scene. Nathan, born of an affair between Barry's father and Nathan's mother Jane (Ann Mitchell), resents Barry for his closeness to Roy. Barry struggles to learn that his father had been unfaithful to his deceased mother and relations at the Evanses are strained. Despite attempts by Barry and Roy to make Nathan feel part of the family, Nathan does his best to exclude and diminish Barry. Things climax when Barry discovers Nathan has kissed his wife and, realising Nathan's agenda, Roy disowns him.

text: When Natalie grows weary of marriage to Barry, she begins an affair with her former lover Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen). Natalie and Ricky plan to leave Walford with their sons but Barry catches them. Barry attempts to change her mind but Natalie is adamant their marriage is over. She, however, opts to leave Walford alone, having discovered that her trust in Ricky is misplaced. In the aftermath, Roy discovers Pat has been aware of Ricky and Natalie's affair and has not told Barry. Roy is incensed and dies from a heart attack, brought on during the resulting blazing row. Devastated, Barry blames his father's death on Pat for cheating on Roy with Frank, which depressed and angered Roy. During an argument with Pat, she tells him Natalie never loved him and Barry trashes the house. As Barry is the sole beneficiary of his father's estate, he throws Pat out and leaves her with nothing.

text: Barry spends a long time feeling sorry for himself and becomes reclusive. His employee Janine Butcher (Charlie Brooks), sensing an opportunity to make money, starts manipulating Barry. Helped by her secret boyfriend Paul Trueman (Gary Beadle), she concocts a plan to make Barry fall in love with her so she can access Barry's wealth. Feeling vulnerable since his split with Natalie, Barry falls for Janine and they get engaged. When a mix-up at Barry's doctor makes Barry believe that he only has a short time to left to live, Janine believes she will inherit all his money and agrees to a rushed wedding in Scotland. They marry but Janine is mortified when Barry reveals he is not dying after all. Barry forces Janine to go for a walk on the Scottish moors but, unable to stand being near Barry, Janine verbally abuses him. She confesses their relationship is a sham and that she has been having an affair with Paul. However, Barry still wants to be with her and says that he will forgive her if she stays with him. He begs Janine not to leave him and goes to hug her but she pushes him away. Barry stumbles before falling over a cliff edge and hits his head on rocks. Janine leaves him to die and inherits all of his estate while Barry's son, Jack, inherits nothing.

text: Creation and development[edit]

text: The character was originally intended to appear in four episodes, debuting in December 1994.[3] According to Barry's actor Shaun Williamson, the character was originally conceived as a tall, blond haired man. Williamson was neither particularly tall nor blond, and after being called for an audition to read for the part, he thought about dropping out as he was not a physical match. However, the Director stated that "nothing is laid in cement" with regard to the character, so Williamson went ahead with the audition. Williamson has said that Barry was meant to be a vehicle to bring his father Roy Evans (Tony Caunter) into the show, as Roy was being scripted as a new love interest for the regular character Pat Butcher (Pam St Clement); in Barry's first appearance he meets Pat to apologise for a dodgy car he had sold her, paving the way for Roy to be introduced to her. For the next year and a half, Barry made sporadic appearances, in Williamson's own words "popping in and out".[3] When a storyline in 1996 saw Barry imprisoned for arson, Williamson has said that he was uncertain whether his character would appear again; however the character was brought back on a more permanent basis later in the year.[3]

text: In 1999, executive-producer Matthew Robinson decided to introduce a new love-interest for Barry. He decided to bring back a former character, unrelated to Barry but who had connections with several other characters in the serial. The character was Natalie Price, played by Lucy Speed, who had appeared from 1994-1995.[4] The biggest storyline involving Barry and Natalie in 1999 was their joint double wedding with the characters Ian Beale and Melanie Healy (Adam Woodyatt and Tamzin Outhwaite) - the lead up to which included a hen/stag night celebration episode, which was filmed on-location in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The episode evoked criticism by the Broadcasting Standards Commission for its inclusion of “almost relentless drunken and promiscuous behaviour, sexual innuendo and drug-taking, before the watershed”, which included Natalie having to acquire three love bites from strangers.[5] The BBC defended the episode, claiming that its content would have “come as no surprise to viewers” and adding that the depiction of this behaviour conformed to an EastEnders tradition - that questionable conduct "only leads to further trouble…One character's quest for drugs led to embarrassment and nausea and a drinking binge led to the calling off of [Barry and Natalie’s] wedding while the prospects for another became bleaker."[6]

text: Natalie and Barry’s screen wedding was featured as part of the Millennium Eve episodes, which drew in 20.89 million viewers – the biggest soap audience since the character Tiffany Mitchell (Martine McCutcheon) was killed off in EastEnders precisely one year earlier (New Year's Eve 1998). An EastEnders spokeswoman commented: "This is a remarkable endorsement of the power of EastEnders that over 20 million viewers chose to see the Millennium celebrations in Albert Square." The episodes were also broadcast on screens in London's Trafalgar Square, a typical “haunt for New Year's Eve revelers”.[7]

text: In 2001, a pregnancy was written into the Evanses' narrative. Natalie was shown to be distressed by the prospect of being a mother and planned to have an abortion. Viewers saw a “devastated Barry” react badly to the news in a special extended four-hander episode (written by Christopher Reason and directed by Clive Arnold) – the episode had a maternal theme with the action flitting between Barry and Natalie’s saga and scenes between Steve Owen and his dying mother, which included revelations of child abuse and incest.[8] An EastEnders spokesman said: "We are very proud of the programme. The storylines involving Steve and his mother and Barry and Natalie are the stuff of intense drama. All four actors give incredible performances."[8] The following episode Barry was seen to chase Natalie to the abortion clinic, where he persuaded her to go through with the pregnancy. The scenes between Natalie and Barry have been described as some of “the most powerful moments in soap, with the couple battling to decide the fate of their unborn baby”.[9]

text: Viewers saw Natalie and Barry’s marriage sour towards the end of 2002 when, in the New Year’s Eve episode,[10] Natalie rekindled a secret affair with her former lover Ricky Butcher (Sid Owen), which continued into 2003.[11][12] Speed commented “Natalie's always had strong feelings for Ricky. And now she's grown tired of being a mother to baby Jack and Barry."[4][13] The storyline reached its climax in March 2003.[11] On-screen Natalie's plan to abscond with Ricky were thwarted by Barry’s discovery of the affair, leading to a public confrontation between the three protagonists. Shaun Williamson has commented “Barry is absolutely devastated as his whole life is ripped apart. He can’t believe Nat has betrayed him. He loves his life with Natalie and Jack, and would do anything to make it work as a family again. Losing Natalie is going to be really difficult for Barry, but I think the hardest thing will be losing his son.” The storyline signified the end of the characters’ three-year marriage.[14][15]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: In 2002 the character was featured in a spoof of the Michael Jackson hit video, Thriller, which was made as part of the annual fund-raising event, Children in Need.[16] Shaun Williamson (as Barry) played the Michael Jackson role, while Lucy Speed (as Natalie) took on Ola Ray’s role as his date. The spoof saw Natalie transformed into a zombie, as Jackson was in the original video. Several cast members took part in the spoof where they recreated the dance routine made famous in the original video.[17]

text: Following his stint on EastEnders, Shaun Williamson had a regular role as a comically unemployable version of himself in the Ricky Gervais and Stephen Merchant comedy series Extras, in which his career has bogged down partially as a result of the incompetence of his agent Darren Lamb (played by Merchant). A frequent running gag is that even Lamb is unable to remember his client's real name, instead referring to him as "Barry off EastEnders," in reference to Williamson's EastEnders character. The character of Barry Evans has also been spoofed in the cartoon sketch show 2DTV.

text: On 20 January 2017, EastEnders actor Jake Wood and Channel Four posted a satirical video showing "Barry" singing (Something Inside) So Strong at the inauguration of President Donald Trump on Twitter.[18] The video actually shows Shaun Williamson performing at the 2014 World Bowls Championship in Great Yarmouth.[19]


document_title: The Great Outdoors (film)

question_text: where did the movie great outdoors take place

text: The Great Outdoors (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Chicagoan Chester "Chet" Ripley, his wife, Connie, and their two sons, Buckley "Buck" and Ben, are on vacation at a lake resort in Pechoggin, Wisconsin during the summer. All is going as planned until Connie's sister, Kate, Kate's investment broker husband, Roman Craig, and their twin daughters, Mara and Cara, crash the vacation.

text: Ghost stories at the family BBQ include one of a man-eating grizzly bear that Chet met face-to-face when he was younger. Chet says that while he and Connie were honeymooning at the same lake, he was attacked by a giant grizzly bear. When he fired at it with a shotgun, the buckshot shaved the hair off the top of the bear's head and from that day on, it was known as the "Bald-Headed Bear" of Clare County.

text: After Roman pulls Chet around the lake on an impromptu water ski ride with his rented speedboat, tensions between the families erupt. Chet is ready to pack up and go home, even as his teenage son Buck tries to romance a local girl, Cammie. The budding romance goes well until Chet is challenged to eat the Old 96'er (a 96-ounce steak) at a family dinner which causes Buck to break the date. Buck tries to apologize to Cammie for being late, but Cammie refuses to speak to him.

text: Connie and Kate bond at a local bar when the conversation drifts to Kate's challenges of being wealthy. Later, just at the peak of tension between families, it emerges that Roman has made a bad investment and is broke. He has not told Kate and was planning to hit up Chet for the cash.

text: Later, during a thunderstorm, the twins wander off and fall into a mine shaft. Chet and Roman find them, but the claustrophobic Roman is reluctant to descend into the tiny mine shaft. After some encouragement from Chet, Roman summons up all his courage, while Chet goes in search of a rope to pull them out. Upon realizing that the mine is stocked with old dynamite, Roman takes his daughters and climbs out of the shaft on his own.

text: When Chet returns with the rope, he is horrified to discover the "Bald-Headed Bear" lurking in the mine. It chases him back to his house, smashes through the door, and rampages through the house. Wally, the cabin owner, bursts in with a loaded shotgun while Roman tries to hold off the animal with a fire poker and an oar. Chet takes the gun and shoots the bear, blowing the fur off its backside. Roaring, the bear runs out of the house.

text: The next morning, the two families part on good terms. Unbeknownst to Chet, Connie has invited Roman's family to stay with them until they can get back on their feet. Cammie and Buck make up and end their summer romance, as Buck and his family head back to Chicago.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dan Aykroyd as Roman Craig
John Candy as Chester "Chet" Ripley
Stephanie Faracy as Connie Ripley
Annette Bening as Kate "Katie" Craig
Robert Prosky as Wally
Chris Young as Buckley "Buck" Ripley
Ian Giatti as Ben "Benny" Ripley
Hillary and Rebecca Gordon as Cara and Mara Craig
Lucy Deakins as Cammie

tag: ul

text: Filming locations[edit]

text: The film was shot on location in Bass Lake, California, a small resort town near Yosemite National Park over three weeks in October 1987.[1]

text: Ducey's Bass Lake Lodge, a rustic 1940s resort in Bass Lake, was featured as Wally and Juanita’s Perk’s Pine Lodge. The Loon’s Nest vacation cabin, built as a set, was designed to match the style of Ducey’s existing cabins.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The Great Outdoors earned a mixed response from critics. Rotten Tomatoes gives the film a score of 40% based on 15 reviews.[2]

text: Janet Maslin of The New York Times reported that the film did not have enough collective energy to light a campfire in her review.[3] Kevin Thomas of The Los Angeles Times called the film as "a crass, blah comedy about summer vacation perils" and said he was surprised the film got made at all. He described the credits sequence where Aykroyd dances to Wilson Pickett's "Land of a 1,000 Dances" as the only genuine fun and energy in the entire film.[4] "Imagine that it's raining cats and dogs and you're locked in a north woods cabin for weeks with the people you like least, and you'll pretty much have a feel for what it's like to sit through this movie," said Hal Hinson of The Washington Post.[5]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film grossed $6,121,115 in its opening weekend and ended up with a North American domestic box office gross of $41,455,230, and a worldwide gross of $43,455,230.[6][7]

text: Reboot[edit]

text: On April 27, 2017, Universal Pictures has Kevin Hart starring in a reboot of the film with Michael De Luca producing.[8]


document_title: Los Angeles Dodgers

question_text: when is the last time the dodger won the world series

question_tokens: when is the last time the dodger won the world series

text: Los Angeles Dodgers

text: History[edit]

text: In the early 20th century, the team, then known as the Robins, won league pennants in 1916 and 1920, losing the World Series both times, first to Boston and then Cleveland. In the 1930s, the team changed its name to the Dodgers, named after the Brooklyn pedestrians who dodged the streetcars in the city.[4] In 1941, the Dodgers captured their third National League pennant, only to lose to the New York Yankees. This marked the onset of the Dodgers–Yankees rivalry, as the Dodgers would face them in their next six World Series appearances. Led by Jackie Robinson, the first black Major League Baseball player of the modern era; and three-time National League Most Valuable Player Roy Campanella, also signed out of the Negro Leagues, the Dodgers captured their first World Series title in 1955 by defeating the Yankees for the first time, a story notably described in the 1972 book The Boys of Summer.

text: Following the 1957 season the team left Brooklyn. In just their second season in Los Angeles, the Dodgers won their second World Series title, beating the Chicago White Sox in six games in 1959. Spearheaded by the dominant pitching style of Sandy Koufax and Don Drysdale, the Dodgers captured three pennants in the 1960s and won two more World Series titles, sweeping the Yankees in four games in 1963, and edging the Minnesota Twins in seven in 1965. The 1963 sweep was their second victory against the Yankees, and their first against them as a Los Angeles team. The Dodgers won four more pennants in 1966, 1974, 1977 and 1978, but lost in each World Series appearance. They went on to win the World Series again in 1981, thanks in part to pitching sensation Fernando Valenzuela. The early 1980s were affectionately dubbed "Fernandomania." In 1988, another pitching hero, Orel Hershiser, again led them to a World Series victory, aided by one of the most memorable home runs of all time, by their injured star outfielder Kirk Gibson coming off the bench to pinch hit with two outs in the bottom of the ninth inning of game 1, in his only appearance of the series.

text: The Dodgers share a fierce rivalry with the San Francisco Giants, the oldest rivalry in baseball, dating back to when the two franchises played in New York City. Both teams moved west for the 1958 season. The Brooklyn Dodgers and Los Angeles Dodgers have collectively appeared in the World Series 19 times, while the New York Giants and San Francisco Giants have collectively appeared 20 times and have been invited 21 times. The Giants have won two more World Series (8); the Dodgers have won 22 National League pennants, while the Giants hold the record with 23. Although the two franchises have enjoyed near equal success, the city rivalries are rather lopsided and in both cases, a team's championships have predated to the other's first one in that particular location. When the two teams were based in New York, the Giants won five World Series championships, and the Dodgers one. After the move to California, the Dodgers have won five in Los Angeles, the Giants have won three in San Francisco.

text: Team history[edit]

text: Brooklyn Dodgers[edit]

text: The Dodgers were founded in 1883 as the Brooklyn Atlantics, taking the name of a defunct team that had played in Brooklyn before them. The team joined the American Association in 1884 and won the AA championship in 1889 before joining the National League in 1890. They promptly won the NL Championship their first year in the League. The team was known alternatively as the Bridegrooms[5], Grooms, Superbas, Robins, and Trolley Dodgers before officially becoming the Dodgers in the 1930s.

text: In Brooklyn, the Dodgers won the NL pennant several times (1890, 1899, 1900, 1916, 1920, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956) and the World Series in 1955. After moving to Los Angeles, the team won National League pennants in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1966, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1981, 1988, and 2017, with World Series championships in 1959, 1963, 1965, 1981 and 1988. In all, the Dodgers have appeared in 19 World Series: 9 in Brooklyn and 10 in Los Angeles.

text: Jackie Robinson[edit]

text: For most of the first half of the 20th century, no Major League Baseball team employed an African American player. Jackie Robinson became the first African American to play for a Major League Baseball team when he played his first major league game on April 15, 1947, as a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers. This was mainly due to general manager Branch Rickey's efforts. The deeply religious Rickey's motivation appears to have been primarily moral, although business considerations were also a factor. Rickey was a member of The Methodist Church, the antecedent denomination to The United Methodist Church of today, which was a strong advocate for social justice and active later in the American Civil Rights Movement.[6]

text: This event was the harbinger of the integration of professional sports in the United States, the concomitant demise of the Negro Leagues, and is regarded as a key moment in the history of the American Civil Rights movement. Robinson was an exceptional player, a speedy runner who sparked the team with his intensity. He was the inaugural recipient of the Rookie of the Year award, which is now named the Jackie Robinson Award in his honor. The Dodgers' willingness to integrate, when most other teams refused to, was a key factor in their 1947–1956 success. They won six pennants in those 10 years with the help of Robinson, three-time MVP Roy Campanella, Cy Young Award winner Don Newcombe, Jim Gilliam and Joe Black. Robinson would eventually go on to become the first African-American elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962.

text: Move to Los Angeles[edit]

text: Real estate businessman Walter O'Malley acquired majority ownership of the Dodgers in 1950, when he bought the 25 percent share of co-owner Branch Rickey and became allied with the widow of the another equal partner, Mrs. John L. Smith. Before long, he was working to buy new land in Brooklyn to build a more accessible and better arrayed ballpark than Ebbets Field. Beloved as it was, Ebbets Field was no longer well-served by its aging infrastructure and the Dodgers could no longer sell out the park even in the heat of a pennant race, despite largely dominating the National League from 1946 to 1957.

text: O'Malley wanted to build a new, state of the art stadium in Brooklyn. But City Planner Robert Moses and New York politicians refused to grant him the eminent domain authority required to build pursuant to O'Malley's plans. To put pressure on the city, during the 1955 season, O'Malley announced that the team would play seven regular season games and one exhibition game at Jersey City's Roosevelt Stadium in 1956.[7] Moses and the City considered this an empty threat, and did not believe O'Malley would go through with moving the team from New York City.

text: After teams began to travel to and from games by air instead of train, it became possible to include locations in the far west. Los Angeles officials attended the 1956 World Series looking to the Washington Senators to move to the West Coast. When O'Malley heard that LA was looking for a club, he sent word to the Los Angeles officials that he was interested in talking. LA offered him what New York would not: a chance to buy land suitable for building a ballpark, and own that ballpark, giving him complete control over all revenue streams. When the news came out, NYC Mayor Robert F. Wagner, Jr. and Moses made an offer to build a ballpark on the World's Fair Grounds in Queens that would be shared by the Giants and Dodgers. However, O'Malley was interested in his park only under his conditions, and the plans for a new stadium in Brooklyn seemed like a pipe dream. O'Malley decided to move the Dodgers to California, convincing Giants owner Horace Stoneham to move to San Francisco instead of Minneapolis to keep another team on the West Coast to ease approval of the moves. There was no turning back: the Dodgers were heading for Hollywood.[7]

text: The Dodgers played their final game at Ebbets Field on September 24, 1957, which the Dodgers won 2–0 over the Pittsburgh Pirates.

text: New York would remain a one-team town with the New York Yankees until 1962, when Joan Payson founded the New York Mets and brought National League baseball back to the city. The blue background used by the Dodgers, would be adopted by the Mets, honoring their New York NL forebears with a blend of Dodgers blue and Giants orange.[8]

text: Los Angeles Dodgers[edit]

text: The Dodgers were the first Major League Baseball team to ever play in Los Angeles. On April 18, 1958, the Dodgers played their first LA game, defeating the former New York and now new San Francisco Giants, 6–5, before 78,672 fans at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Catcher Roy Campanella, left partially paralyzed in an off-season accident, was never able to play in Los Angeles.

text: Construction on Dodger Stadium was completed in time for Opening Day 1962. With its clean, simple lines and its picturesque setting amid hills and palm trees, the ballpark quickly became an icon of the Dodgers and their new California lifestyle. O'Malley was determined that there would not be a bad seat in the house, achieving this by cantilevered grandstands that have since been widely imitated. More importantly for the team, the stadium's spacious dimensions, along with other factors, gave defense an advantage over offense and the Dodgers moved to take advantage of this by assembling a team that would excel with its pitching.

text: Since moving to Los Angeles, the Dodgers have won 10 more National League Championships and five World Series rings.

text: Other historical notes[edit]

text: Historical records and firsts[edit]

text:
First baseball team to win championships in different leagues in consecutive years (1889–1890)
First television broadcast (1939)
First use of batting helmets (1941)
First MLB team to employ and start an African-American player in the 20th century (Jackie Robinson, 1947)
First MLB team to have numbers on the front of their uniforms (1952)
First West Coast team (1958) – along with the San Francisco Giants
First MLB team to allow a female sports journalist into a locker room (Anita Martini, 1974)
Largest home-opener attendance: 78,672 (1958) (since broken by the Colorado Rockies in 1993)
Largest single game attendance: 93,103 (1959) and 115,300 (2008) *World Record
First MLB team to open an office in Asia (1998)
Longest MLB record for home start going 13–0 (2009)
North American record for the buying of a sports team ($2 billion, 2012)
First MLB team to employ a female lead trainer (Sue Falsone, 2012)

text: Origin of the nickname[edit]

text: The Dodgers' official history reports that the term "Trolley Dodgers" was attached to the Brooklyn ballclub due to the complex maze of trolley cars that weaved its way through the borough of Brooklyn.[9]

text: In 1892, the city of Brooklyn (Brooklyn was an independent city until annexed by New York City in 1898) began replacing its slow-moving, horse-drawn trolley lines with the faster, more powerful electric trolley lines.[10] Within less than three years, by the end of 1895, electric trolley accidents in Brooklyn had resulted in more than 130 deaths and maimed well over 500 people.[11] Brooklyn's high-profile, the significant number of widely reported accidents, and a trolley strike in early 1895, combined to create a strong association in the public's mind between Brooklyn and trolley dodging.[10]

text: Sportswriters started using the name "trolley dodgers" to refer to the Brooklyn team early in the 1895 season.[12] The name was shortened to, on occasion, the "Brooklyn Dodgers" as early as 1898.[13]

text: Sportswriters in the early 20th century began referring to the Dodgers as the "Bums", in reference to the team's fans and possibly because of the "street character" nature of Jack Dawkins, the "Artful Dodger" in Charles Dickens' Oliver Twist. Newspaper cartoonist Willard Mullin used a drawing of famous clown Emmett Kelly to depict "Dem Bums": the team would later use "Weary Willie" in promotional images, and Kelly himself was a club mascot during the 1950s.

text: Other team names used by the franchise were the Atlantics, Grays, Grooms, Bridegrooms, Superbas and Robins. All of these nicknames were used by fans and sportswriters to describe the team, but not in any official capacity. The team's legal name was the Brooklyn Base Ball Club.[14] However, the Trolley Dodger nickname was used throughout this period, simultaneously with these other nicknames, by fans and sportswriters of the day. The team did not use the name in any formal sense until 1932, when the word "Dodgers" appeared on team jerseys.[1] The "conclusive shift" came in 1933, when both home and road jerseys for the team bore the name "Dodgers".[2]

text: Examples of how the many popularized names of the team were used are available from newspaper articles before 1932. A New York Times article describing a game in 1916 starts out: "Jimmy Callahan, pilot of the Pirates, did his best to wreck the hopes the Dodgers have of gaining the National League pennant", but then goes on to comment: "the only thing that saved the Superbas from being toppled from first place was that the Phillies lost one of the two games played".[15] What is interesting about the use of these two nicknames is that most baseball statistics sites and baseball historians generally now refer to the pennant-winning 1916 Brooklyn team as the Robins. A 1918 New York Times article uses the nickname in its title: "Buccaneers Take Last From Robins", but the subtitle of the article reads: "Subdue The Superbas By 11 To 4, Making Series An Even Break".[16]

text: Another example of the use of the many nicknames is found on the program issued at Ebbets Field for the 1920 World Series, which identifies the matchup in the series as "Dodgers vs. Indians" despite the fact that the Robins nickname had been in consistent use for around six years.[17] The "Robins" nickname was derived from the name of their Hall of Fame manager, Wilbert Robinson, who led the team from 1914 to 1931.[18]

text: Uniforms[edit]

text: The Dodgers' uniform has remained relatively unchanged since the 1930s. The home jersey is white with "Dodgers" written in script across the chest in Dodger Blue. The road jersey is gray with "Los Angeles" written in script across the chest in Dodger Blue. The word "Dodgers" was first used on the front of the team's home jersey in 1933; the uniform was then white with red pinstripes and a stylized "B" on the left shoulder.[19] The Dodgers also wore green outlined uniforms and green caps throughout the 1937 season but reverted to blue the following year.

text: The current design was created in 1939, and has remained the same ever since with only cosmetic changes. In 1952, the home uniform added a red uniform number under the "Dodgers" script. The road jersey also has a red uniform number under the script. When the franchise moved from Brooklyn to Los Angeles, the city name on the road jersey changed, and the stylized "B" was replaced with the interlocking "LA" on the caps in 1958. In 1970, the Dodgers removed the city name from the road jerseys and had "Dodgers" on both the home and away uniforms. The city script returned to the road jerseys in 1999, and the tradition-rich Dodgers flirted with an alternate uniform for the first time since 1944 (when all-blue satin uniforms were introduced). These 1999 alternate jerseys had a royal blue top with the "Dodgers" script in white across the chest, and the red number on the front. These were worn with white pants and a new cap with silver brim, top button and Dodger logo. These alternates proved unpopular and the team abandoned them after only one season. In 2014, the Dodgers introduced an alternate road jersey: a gray version with the "Dodgers" script instead of the city name.

text:
Current logo using "Dodgers" Script

Los Angeles Dodgers Script on Dodger Blue

text: Asian players[edit]

text: The Dodgers have been groundbreaking in their signing of players from Asia; mainly, Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. Former owner Peter O'Malley began reaching out in 1980 by starting clinics in China and South Korea, building baseball fields in two Chinese cities, and in 1998 becoming the first major league team to open an office in Asia. The Dodgers were the second team to start a Japanese player in recent history, pitcher Hideo Nomo, the first team to start a South Korean player, pitcher Chan Ho Park, and the first Taiwanese player, Chin-Feng Chen. In addition, they were the first team to send out three Asian pitchers, from different Asian countries, in one game: Park, Hong-Chih Kuo of Taiwan, and Takashi Saito of Japan. In the 2008 season, the Dodgers had the most Asian players on its roster of any major league team with five. They included Japanese pitchers Takashi Saito and Hiroki Kuroda; South Korean pitcher Chan Ho Park; and Taiwanese pitcher Hong-Chih Kuo and infielder Chin-Lung Hu. In 2005, the Dodgers' Hee Seop Choi became the first Asian player to compete in the Home Run Derby.[20] For the 2013 season, the Dodgers signed starting pitcher Hyun-Jin Ryu with a six-year, $36 million contract, after posting a bid of nearly $27 million to acquire him from the KBO's Hanhwa Eagles. For the 2016 season, the Dodgers signed starting pitcher Kenta Maeda with an eight-year, $25 million contract, after posting a bid of $20 million to acquire him from the NPB's Hiroshima Toyo Carp.

text: Rivalries[edit]

text: The Dodgers' rivalry with the San Francisco Giants dates back to the 19th century, when the two teams were based in New York; the rivalry with the New York Yankees took place when the Dodgers were based in New York, but was revived with their East Coast/West Coast World Series battles in 1963, 1977, 1978, and 1981. The Dodgers rivalry with the Philadelphia Phillies also dates back to their days in New York, but was most fierce during the 1970s, 1980s, and 2000s. The Dodgers also had a heated rivalry with the Cincinnati Reds during the 1970s, 1980s and early 1990s. The rivalry with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and the San Diego Padres dates back to the Angels' and Padres' respective inaugural seasons (Angels in 1961, Padres in 1969). Regional proximity is behind the rivalries with both the Angels and the Padres.

text: San Francisco Giants[edit]

text: The Dodgers–Giants rivalry is one of the longest-standing rivalries in American baseball.[21][22]

text: The feud between the Dodgers and the San Francisco Giants began in the late 19th century when both clubs were based in New York City, with the Dodgers playing in Brooklyn and the Giants playing at the Polo Grounds in Manhattan. After the 1957 season, Dodgers owner Walter O'Malley moved the team to Los Angeles for financial and other reasons.[23] Along the way, he managed to convince Giants owner Horace Stoneham—who was considering moving his team to Minnesota—to preserve the rivalry by bringing his team to California as well.[23] New York baseball fans were stunned and heartbroken by the move.[23][24] Given that the cities of Los Angeles and San Francisco have been bitter rivals in economic, cultural, and political arenas for over a century and a half, the new venue in California became fertile ground for its transplantation.

text: Each team's ability to endure for over a century while moving across an entire continent, as well as the rivalry's leap from a cross-city to a cross-state engagement, have led to the rivalry being considered one of the greatest in sports history.[25][26][27]

text: Unlike many other historic baseball match-ups in which one team remains dominant for most of their history, the Dodgers–Giants rivalry has exhibited a persistent balance in the respective successes of the two teams. While the Giants have more wins in franchise history, and lead all NL teams with 23 National League pennants, the Dodgers are second, having won 21;[28] the Giants have won eight World Series titles, while the Dodgers have won six. The 2010 World Series was the Giants' first championship since moving to California, while the Dodgers had won five World Series titles since their move, their last title coming in the 1988 World Series.

text: Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim[edit]

text: This rivalry refers to a series of games played with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. The Freeway Series takes its name from the massive freeway system in the greater Los Angeles metropolitan area, the home of both teams; one could travel from one team's stadium to the other simply by traveling along Interstate 5. The term is akin to Subway Series which refers to meetings between New York City baseball teams. The term "Freeway Series" also inspired the official name of the regions' NHL rivalry: the Freeway Face-Off

text: Historical rivalry[edit]

text: New York Yankees[edit]

text: The Dodgers–Yankees rivalry is one of the most well-known rivalries in Major League Baseball.[29] The two teams have met eleven times in the World Series, more times than any other pair from the American and National Leagues.[29] The initial significance was embodied in the two teams' proximity in New York City, when the Dodgers initially played in Brooklyn. After the Dodgers moved to Los Angeles in 1958, the rivalry retained its significance as the two teams represented the dominant cities on each coast of the United States, and since the 1980s, the two largest cities in the United States.

text: Although the rivalry's significance arose from the two teams' numerous World Series meetings,[29] the Yankees and Dodgers have not met in the World Series since 1981.[29] They would not play each other in a non-exhibition game until 2004, when they played a three-game interleague series.[29] Their last meeting was in September 2016, when the Dodgers won two out of three games in New York.

text: Fan support[edit]

text: The Dodgers have a loyal fanbase, evidenced by the fact that the Dodgers were the first MLB team to attract more than 3 million fans in a season (in 1978), and accomplished that feat six more times before any other franchise did it once.[30] The Dodgers drew at least 3 million fans for 15 consecutive seasons from 1996 to 2010, the longest such streak in all of MLB.[30] On July 3, 2007, Dodgers management announced that total franchise attendance, dating back to 1901, had reached 175 million, a record for all professional sports.[31] In 2007, the Dodgers set a franchise record for single-season attendance, attracting over 3.8 million fans.[32] In 2009, the Dodgers led MLB in total attendance.[33] The Dodger baseball cap is consistently in the top three in sales.[34] During the 2011-2012 season, Frank McCourt, the owner of the Dodgers at that time, was going through a rough divorce with his wife over who should be the owner of the Dodger team. Instead, Frank McCourt paid $131 million to his wife as part of the divorce settlement.[35] As a result, the team payroll was financially low for a big-budget team crippling the Dodgers in the free-agent market. Collectively, the team performance waned due to the distracting drama in the front office resulting in low attendance numbers.[36]

text: Given the team's proximity to Hollywood, numerous celebrities can often be seen attending home games at Dodger Stadium. Celebrities such as co-owner Magic Johnson, Mary Hart, Larry King, Tiger Woods, Alyssa Milano and Shia LaBeouf are known to sit at field box seats behind home plate where they sign autographs for fellow Dodger fans. Actor Bryan Cranston is a lifelong Dodger fan.

text: The Dodgers set the world record for the largest attendance for a single baseball game during an exhibition game against the Boston Red Sox on March 28, 2008 at the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum in honor of the Dodgers 50th anniversary, with 115,300 fans in attendance. All proceeds from the game benefited the official charity of the Dodgers, ThinkCure! which supports cancer research at Children's Hospital Los Angeles and City of Hope. Primarily Dodgers fans are from their own location in southern California and also parts of southern Nevada; however there are also strong pockets of Dodger support in Mexico and throughout Asia, and their away games throughout the US will usually attract substantial numbers of expat and traveling fans.

text: Radio and television[edit]

text: Vin Scully had called Dodgers games from 1950 to 2016.[37] His longtime partners were Jerry Doggett (1956–1987) and Ross Porter (1977–2004).[37] In 1976, he was selected by Dodgers fans as the Most Memorable Personality (on the field or off) in the team's history. He is also a recipient of the Baseball Hall of Fame's Ford C. Frick Award for broadcasters (inducted in 1982). Unlike the modern style in which multiple sportscasters have an on-air conversation (usually with one functioning as play-by-play announcer and the other[s] as color commentator), Scully, Doggett and Porter generally called games solo, trading with each other inning-by-inning. In the 1980s and 1990s, Scully would call the entire radio broadcast except for the third and seventh inning, allowing the other Dodger commentators to broadcast an inning.

text: When Doggett retired after the 1987 season, he was replaced by Hall-of-Fame Dodgers pitcher Don Drysdale, who previously broadcast games for the California Angels and Chicago White Sox.[37] Drysdale died in his hotel room following a heart attack before a game in Montreal in 1993. This was a difficult broadcast for Scully and Porter who could not mention it on-air until Drysdale's family had been notified and the official announcement made.[38] He was replaced by former Dodgers outfielder Rick Monday.[37] Porter's tenure ended after the 2004 season, after which the format of play-by-play announcers and color commentators was installed, led by Monday and newcomer Charley Steiner.[37] Scully, however, continued to announce solo.

text: Scully called roughly 100 games per season (all home games and road games in California and Arizona)[39] for both flagship radio station KLAC and on television for SportsNet LA. Scully was simulcast for the first three innings of each of his appearances, then announced only for the TV audience. If Scully was calling the game, Steiner took over play-by-play on radio beginning with the fourth inning, with Monday as color commentator.[39] If Scully was not calling the game, Steiner and Orel Hershiser called the entire game on television while Monday and Kevin Kennedy did the same on radio. In the event the Dodgers were in post-season play, Scully called the first three and last three innings of the radio broadcast alone and Steiner and Monday handled the middle innings.[40] Vin Scully retired from calling games in 2016. His tenure with the Dodgers was the longest with any single sports team at 67 years.

text: The Dodgers also broadcast on radio in Spanish, and the play-by-play is voiced by another Frick Award winner, Jaime Jarrín, who has been with the Dodgers since 1959. The color analyst for some games is former Dodger pitcher Fernando Valenzuela, for whom Jarrin once translated post-game interviews. The Spanish-language radio flagship station is KTNQ.

text: Management[edit]

text:
Owner: Guggenheim Baseball Management

Chairman/Controlling Partner: Mark Walter
Partner: Earvin "Magic" Johnson
Partner: Peter Guber
Partner: Todd Boehly
Partner: Robert "Bobby" Patton, Jr.

President/chief executive officer: Stan Kasten
President of Baseball Operations: Andrew Friedman
General Manager: Farhan Zaidi

text: Achievements[edit]

text: Baseball Hall of Famers[edit]

text:
Los Angeles Dodgers Hall of Famers

Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

Brooklyn Grooms/Superbas/Robins/Dodgers

Dave Bancroft
Dan Brouthers
Roy Campanella
Max Carey1
Kiki Cuyler
Leo Durocher2
Burleigh Grimes1

Ned Hanlon
Billy Herman
Waite Hoyt
Hughie Jennings
Willie Keeler
Joe Kelley
George Kelly

Tony Lazzeri
Freddie Lindstrom
Ernie Lombardi
Al López
Heinie Manush
Rabbit Maranville
Rube Marquard
Tommy McCarthy

Joe McGinnity
Joe Medwick
Pee Wee Reese
Jackie Robinson
Wilbert Robinson†
Duke Snider
Casey Stengel2

Dazzy Vance
Arky Vaughan
Lloyd Waner
Paul Waner
John Montgomery Ward1
Zack Wheat
Hack Wilson

Los Angeles Dodgers

Walter Alston
Jim Bunning
Gary Carter

Don Drysdale
Rickey Henderson
Sandy Koufax
Tommy Lasorda2

Greg Maddux
Juan Marichal
Pedro Martínez

Eddie Murray
Walter O'Malley‡
Mike Piazza
Frank Robinson

Don Sutton
Joe Torre
Hoyt Wilhelm

Players and managers listed in bold are depicted on their Hall of Fame plaques wearing a Dodgers, Robins, Superbas, Grooms, or Bridegrooms cap insignia.
† – depicted on Hall of Fame plaque without a cap or cap insignia due to not wearing a cap or playing when caps had no insignia; Hall of Fame recognizes Brooklyn/Los Angeles as "Primary Team"
‡ – Walter O'Malley was inducted as an Executive/Pioneer for his contributions to baseball as owner of the Dodgers. He is depicted on his plaque without a cap.
1 – inducted as player, also managed Dodgers or was player-manager
2 – inducted as manager, also played for Dodgers or was player-manager

tag: table

text: Ford C. Frick Award recipients[edit]

text:
Los Angeles Dodgers Ford C. Frick Award recipients

Affiliation according to the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

Red Barber

Ernie Harwell

Jaime Jarrín

Vin Scully

Names in bold received the award based primarily on their work as broadcasters for the Dodgers.
* Played as Dodgers

text: Team captains[edit]

text:
Leo Durocher 1938–1941
Pee Wee Reese 1950–1958
Duke Snider 1962
Maury Wills 1963–1966
Davey Lopes 1978–1979

text: Retired numbers[edit]

text:
Pee Wee
Reese
SS
Coach
Retired
July 1, 1984

Tommy
Lasorda
P
Coach, Mgr, GM
Retired August 15, 1997

Duke
Snider
CF

Retired
July 6, 1980

Jim
Gilliam
2B, 3B
Coach
Retired October 10, 1978

Don
Sutton
P

Retired August 14, 1998

Walter
Alston
Mgr

Retired
June 5, 1977

Sandy
Koufax
P

Retired
June 4, 1972

Roy
Campanella
C

Retired
June 4, 1972

Jackie
Robinson
2B

Retired
June 4, 1972

Don
Drysdale
P

Retired July 1, 1984

text: Koufax, Campanella, and Robinson were the first Dodgers to have their numbers retired, in a ceremony at Dodger Stadium on June 4, 1972. This was the year in which Koufax was inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame; Robinson and Campanella were already Hall-of-Famers.

text: Alston's number was retired in the year following his retirement as the Dodgers manager, six years before he was inducted into the Hall of Fame.

text: Gilliam died suddenly in 1978 after a 28-year career with the Dodgers organization. The Dodgers retired his number two days after his death, prior to Game 1 of the 1978 World Series. He is the only non-Hall-of-Famer to have his number retired by the Dodgers.

text: Beginning in 1980, the Dodgers have retired the numbers of longtime Dodgers (Snider, Reese, Drysdale, Lasorda, and Sutton) during the seasons in which each was inducted into the Hall of Fame.

text: In 1997, 50 years after he broke the color barrier and 25 years after the Dodgers retired his number, Robinson's No.42 was retired throughout Major League Baseball. Robinson is the only major league baseball player to have this honor bestowed upon him. Starting in the 2007 season, Jackie Robinson Day (April 15, commemorating Opening Day of Robinson's rookie season of 1947) has featured many or all players and coaches wearing the number 42 as a tribute to Robinson.

text: The Dodgers have not issued the number 34 since the departure of Fernando Valenzuela in 1991, although it has not been officially retired.

text: Awards[edit]

text: Team records[edit]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Current roster[edit]

text:
Los Angeles Dodgers 2018 spring training roster

view
talk
edit

40-man roster
Non-roster invitees
Coaches/Other

Pitchers

43 Luis Avilán
52 Pedro Báez
-- Dylan Baker
64 Walker Buehler
54 Tony Cingrani
46 Josh Fields
62 Wilmer Font
63 Yimi García
44 Rich Hill
74 Kenley Jansen
22 Clayton Kershaw
-- Tom Koehler
36 Adam Liberatore
18 Kenta Maeda
-- Trevor Oaks
-- Henry Owens
58 Edward Paredes
99 Hyun-jin Ryu
-- Dennis Santana
48 Brock Stewart
68 Ross Stripling
 7 Julio Urías
57 Alex Wood

Catchers

15 Austin Barnes
65 Kyle Farmer
 9 Yasmani Grandal

Infielders

35 Cody Bellinger
11 Logan Forsythe
70 Tim Locastro
 5 Corey Seager
25 Rob Segedin
10 Justin Turner

Outfielders

14 Enrique Hernández
-- Matt Kemp
31 Joc Pederson
66 Yasiel Puig
 3 Chris Taylor
47 Trayce Thompson
60 Andrew Toles
61 Alex Verdugo

Pitchers

-- Pat Venditte

Manager

30 Dave Roberts

Coaches

-- Brant Brown (assistant hitting)
82 Steve Cilladi (bullpen catcher)
 8 Bob Geren (bench)
40 Rick Honeycutt (pitching)
27 George Lombard (first base)
-- Luis Ortiz (assistant hitting)
12 Turner Ward (hitting)
45 Chris Woodward (third base)
 7 Steve Yeager (catching)
-- Vacant (bullpen)

40 active, 0 inactive, 1 non-roster invitees
 7- or 10-day disabled list
* Not on active roster
† Suspended list
Roster, coaches, and NRIs updated January 2, 2018
Transactions • Depth Chart
→ All MLB rosters

text: Presidents[edit]

text:
Charlie Byrne 1883–1897
Charles Ebbets 1898–1925
Edward McKeever 1925–1925 (interim)
Wilbert Robinson 1925–1929
Frank B. York 1930–1932
Stephen McKeever 1933–1938
Larry MacPhail 1939–1942
Branch Rickey 1943–1950
Walter O'Malley 1950–1970
Peter O'Malley 1970–1997
Bob Graziano 1998–2004
Jamie McCourt 2004–2009
Dennis Mannion 2009–2010
Stan Kasten 2012–present

text: Managers[edit]

text: Since 1884, the Dodgers have used a total of 31 Managers, the most current being Dave Roberts, who was appointed following the 2015 postseason, after the departure of Don Mattingly.

text: Over the nearly 43 years from 1954 to mid-1996, the Dodgers employed only two managers, Walter Alston and Tommy Lasorda, both of whom are in the Hall of Fame. During this entire time period of extraordinary stability, the Dodgers were family owned by Walter O'Malley and then his son Peter O'Malley. It was during this era that the Dodgers won 11 of their 21 pennants, and all six of their World Series championships.

text: The managers of the Los Angeles Dodgers (1958–present) are as follows:

text:
Walter Alston (1958–1976) (in Brooklyn since 1954)
Tommy Lasorda (1976–1996)
Bill Russell (1996–1998)
Glenn Hoffman (1998)
Davey Johnson (1999–2000)
Jim Tracy (2001–2005)
Grady Little (2006–2007)
Joe Torre (2008–2010)
Don Mattingly (2011–2015)
Dave Roberts (2016–present)

text: General Managers[edit]

text:
Larry MacPhail (1938–1942)
Branch Rickey (1943–1950)
Buzzie Bavasi (1950–1968)
Fresco Thompson (1968)
Al Campanis (1968–1987)
Fred Claire (1987–1998)
Tommy Lasorda (1998)
Kevin Malone (1999–2001)
Dave Wallace (2001)
Dan Evans (2001–2004)
Paul DePodesta (2004–2005)
Ned Colletti (2005–2014)
Farhan Zaidi (2014–present)

text: Public address announcers/organists[edit]

text: From the Dodgers' move to Los Angeles from Brooklyn in 1958, the Dodgers employed a handful of well-known public address announcers; the most famous of which was John Ramsey, who served as the PA voice of the Dodgers from 1958 until his retirement in 1982; as well as announcing at other venerable Los Angeles venues, including the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and Sports Arena, and the Forum. Ramsey died in 1990.

text: From 1958 to 1982, Doug Moore, a local businessman; Philip Petty, an Orange County Superior Court Judge; and Dennis Packer; served as back-up voices for John Ramsey for the Dodgers, California Angels, Los Angeles Chargers, USC football and Los Angeles Rams. Packer was Ramsey's primary backup for the Los Angeles Lakers and Los Angeles Kings until Ramsey's retirement from the Forum in 1978. Thereafter, Packer became the public address announcer for the Lakers, Kings, indoor soccer and indoor tennis events at the Forum.

text: Nick Nickson, a radio broadcaster for the Los Angeles Kings, replaced John Ramsey as the Dodger Stadium public address announcer in 1983 and served in that capacity through the 1989 season to work with the Kings full-time.

text: Dennis Packer and Pete Arbogast were emulators of John Ramsey, using the same stentorian style of announcing Ramsey was famous for. Packer and Arbogast shared the stadium announcing chores for the 1994 FIFA World Cup matches at the Rose Bowl. Arbogast won the Dodgers job on the day that Ramsey died on January 25, 1990, by doing a verbatim imitation of Ramsey's opening and closing remarks that were standard at each game. His replacement, in 1993 was Mike Carlucci, who remained as the Dodgers' PA voice until 2003 to concentrate on his voiceover and acting career along with his Olympics announcing duties.

text: Through 2014, the Dodgers public address announcer was Eric Smith, who also announces for the Los Angeles Clippers and USC Trojans.[41]

text: On April 3, 2015 the Dodgers announced that former radio broadcaster Todd Leitz would become their new public address announcer. Leitz was an anchor and news reporter in Los Angeles at KNX 1070 AM for 10 years, and a news reporter at KABC 790 for two years.[42]

text: During their time in Brooklyn, stadium organist Gladys Gooding became so well-known that fans would joke that she was "the only Dodger who played every game without an error". Until 2015, Nancy Bea enjoyed a similar level of popularity behind the Dodger Stadium keyboard. Her replacement and current organist is Dieter Ruehle, who also plays at Staples Center for Los Angeles Kings and Los Angeles Lakers games.

text: Other[edit]

text: Vin Scully is permanently honored in the Hall's "Scribes & Mikemen" exhibit as a result of winning the Ford C. Frick Award in 1982. As with all Frick Award recipients, he is not officially considered an inducted member of the Hall of Fame.

text: Sue Falsone, served as the first female physical therapist in Major League baseball, and from 2012 to 2013, was the first female head athletic trainer.

text: Minor league affiliations[edit]

text:
Level
Team
League
Location

AAA
Oklahoma City Dodgers
Pacific Coast League
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

AA
Tulsa Drillers
Texas League
Tulsa, Oklahoma

Advanced A
Rancho Cucamonga Quakes
California League
Rancho Cucamonga, California

A
Great Lakes Loons
Midwest League
Midland, Michigan

Rookie
Ogden Raptors
Pioneer League
Ogden, Utah

AZL Dodgers
Arizona League
Phoenix, Arizona

DSL Dodgers 1
Dominican Summer League
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

DSL Dodgers 2
Dominican Summer League
Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic

text: Minor league rosters[edit]


document_title: 2014 FIFA World Cup Group G

question_text: who did us beat in 2014 world cup

question_tokens: who did us beat in 2014 world cup

text: 2014 FIFA World Cup Group G

text: Teams[edit]

text:
Draw position

Team

Confederation

Method ofqualification

Date ofqualification

Finalsappearance

Lastappearance

Previous bestperformance

FIFA Rankings

October 2013[nb 1]

June 2014

G1 (seed)
 Germany
UEFA
UEFA Group C winners
11 October 2013
18th
2010
Winners (1954, 1974, 1990)
2
2

G2
 Portugal
UEFA
UEFA play-off winners
19 November 2013
6th
2010
Third place (1966)
14
4

G3
 Ghana
CAF
CAF Third Round winners
19 November 2013
3rd
2010
Quarter-finals (2010)
23
37

G4
 United States
CONCACAF
CONCACAF Fourth Round 1st winners
10 September 2013
10th
2010
Third place (1930)
13
13

text: Jump up ^ The rankings of October 2013 were used for seeding for the final draw.

tag: ol

text: Standings[edit]

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Germany

3

2

1

0

7

2

+5

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 United States

3

1

1

1

4

4

0

4

3

 Portugal

3

1

1

1

4

7

−3

4

4

 Ghana

3

0

1

2

4

6

−2

1

text:
Germany advanced to play Algeria (runner-up of Group H) in the round of 16.
United States advanced to play Belgium (winner of Group H) in the round of 16.

text: Matches[edit]

text: Germany vs Portugal[edit]

text: The two teams had met in 17 previous matches, including in the 2006 FIFA World Cup third place match, won by Germany 3–1.[1] Their most recent meeting was in the UEFA Euro 2012 group stage, won by Germany 1–0.

text:
Germany took the lead with a Thomas Müller penalty kick, shooting low and hard into the bottom left-hand corner, awarded after a foul on Mario Götze by João Pereira. Mats Hummels doubled the advantage for Germany by heading in a corner kick from Toni Kroos.[2]
Shortly before halftime Müller and Pepe were involved in an altercation, in which Pepe headbutted Müller and was sent off. In first half stoppage time, Müller intercepted a clearance from Bruno Alves to slot home. Müller completed his hat-trick in the second half, as he scored from close range after Portugal goalkeeper Rui Patrício stopped André Schürrle's cross from the right.[3]

text: The match was Germany's 100th in the World Cup, the first team to reach the milestone. Müller's hat-trick was the seventh by a German player in the World Cup, the most of any nation.[4] This was Portugal's worst loss in their World Cup history.[5]

text:
Germany

4–0

 Portugal

Müller  12' (pen.), 45+1', 78'
Hummels  32'

Report

text:
Germany

Portugal

text:
GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
20
Jérôme Boateng

CB
17
Per Mertesacker

CB
5
Mats Hummels

 73'

LB
4
Benedikt Höwedes

DM
16
Philipp Lahm (c)

CM
6
Sami Khedira

CM
18
Toni Kroos

RW
13
Thomas Müller

 82'

LW
19
Mario Götze

CF
8
Mesut Özil

 63'

Substitutions:

MF
9
André Schürrle

 63'

DF
21
Shkodran Mustafi

 73'

FW
10
Lukas Podolski

 82'

Manager:

Joachim Löw

GK
12
Rui Patrício

RB
21
João Pereira
 11'

CB
2
Bruno Alves

CB
3
Pepe
 37'

LB
5
Fábio Coentrão

 65'

DM
4
Miguel Veloso

 46'

CM
8
João Moutinho

CM
16
Raul Meireles

RW
17
Nani

LW
7
Cristiano Ronaldo (c)

CF
9
Hugo Almeida

 28'

Substitutions:

FW
11
Eder

 28'

DF
13
Ricardo Costa

 46'

DF
19
André Almeida

 65'

Manager:

Paulo Bento

text:
Man of the Match:
Thomas Müller (Germany)
Assistant referees:
Milovan Ristić (Serbia)
Dalibor Đurđević (Serbia)
Fourth official:
Néant Alioum (Cameroon)
Fifth official:
Djibril Camara (Senegal)

text: Ghana vs United States[edit]

text: The two teams had met in three previous matches, including twice in World Cup in 2006 and 2010, where both times Ghana beat United States 2–1. The 2006 FIFA World Cup encounter was in their last group stage match, and the 2010 FIFA World Cup encounter was in the round of 16 final where Ghana won again, which in both occasions, eliminated United States from those previous World Cups.[6]

text: Clint Dempsey opened the scoring for the United States within 29 seconds (the fifth fastest goal in the history of the World Cup[7][8][9]), as he received the ball from Jermaine Jones, dribbled past John Boye and shot into the far corner. The lead lasted until the 82nd minute, when Asamoah Gyan's back-heel set up André Ayew to score. However, the United States scored the game-winning goal four minutes later, when half-time substitute John Brooks headed in Graham Zusi's corner.[10] The American victory was marred by an injury to Jozy Altidore, leaving the match in the 21st minute with a strained left hamstring.[11]

text: Dempsey's goal was officially timed by FIFA at 30 seconds after kick-off, the fifth fastest in World Cup history, and the fastest by an American player. He also became the first American player to score in three World Cups.[12] DaMarcus Beasley became the first American to play in four World Cups.[13] Brooks became the first American substitute ever to score in a World Cup.

text:
Ghana

1–2

 United States

A. Ayew  82'

Report

Dempsey  1'
Brooks  86'

text:
Ghana

United States

text:
GK
12
Adam Kwarasey

RB
4
Daniel Opare

CB
19
Jonathan Mensah

CB
21
John Boye

LB
20
Kwadwo Asamoah

CM
17
Mohammed Rabiu
 30'
 71'

CM
11
Sulley Muntari
 90+2'

AM
10
André Ayew

RF
13
Jordan Ayew

 59'

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan (c)

LF
7
Christian Atsu

 78'

Substitutions:

FW
9
Kevin-Prince Boateng

 59'

MF
5
Michael Essien

 71'

MF
14
Albert Adomah

 78'

Manager:

James Kwesi Appiah

GK
1
Tim Howard

RB
23
Fabian Johnson

CB
20
Geoff Cameron

CB
5
Matt Besler

 46'

LB
7
DaMarcus Beasley

DM
15
Kyle Beckerman

CM
11
Alejandro Bedoya

 77'

CM
13
Jermaine Jones

AM
4
Michael Bradley

CF
17
Jozy Altidore

 23'

CF
8
Clint Dempsey (c)

Substitutions:

FW
9
Aron Jóhannsson

 23'

DF
6
John Brooks

 46'

MF
19
Graham Zusi

 77'

Manager:

 Jürgen Klinsmann

text:
Man of the Match:
Clint Dempsey (United States)
Assistant referees:
Mathias Klasenius (Sweden)
Daniel Wärnmark (Sweden)
Fourth official:
Norbert Hauata (Tahiti)
Fifth official:
Aden Marwa (Kenya)

text: Germany vs Ghana[edit]

text: The two teams had met in three previous matches, including in the 2010 FIFA World Cup group stage, won by Germany 1–0.[14]

text:
After a goalless first half, Germany took the lead when Thomas Müller crossed from the right for Mario Götze, whose header went in off his thigh. Ghana equalised three minutes later, when André Ayew headed in Harrison Afful's cross from the right. Ghana then took the lead when Sulley Muntari intercepted the ball from Philipp Lahm, then slipped a through ball for Asamoah Gyan to score with his right foot.[15]
Just two minutes after coming on as a substitute, Miroslav Klose once again tied up the match, with a close-range finish after Benedikt Höwedes flicked on a corner from Toni Kroos.[16]

text: Klose's goal took his World Cup total to 15, equalling the record mark held by Brazil's Ronaldo. He also joined Pelé and Uwe Seeler as the only players to have scored in four World Cups.[17] Gyan became the joint top African scorer in the World Cup (tied with Cameroon's Roger Milla) with five goals, and also the first African player to score in three World Cups.[18] Just as in the 2010 meeting, Jérôme Boateng (Germany) and Kevin-Prince Boateng (Ghana) faced each other, the second time two brothers faced each other in a World Cup game.[19]

text: In the 52nd minute, a man with a Polish passport, identified as Leszek Ludomir, invaded the pitch shirtless, with letters and numbers painted on his chest and back. FIFA's official TV feed cut out the images. The man was approached in a calm and friendly manner by Ghana midfielder Sulley Muntari, who quickly escorted him off the pitch, and he was then taken into custody by the stadium security.[20] It was also quite surprising that no police were seen on the pitch in pursuit of the invader.[21]

text:
Germany

2–2

 Ghana

Götze  51'
Klose  71'

Report

A. Ayew  54'
Gyan  63'

text:
Germany

Ghana

text:
GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
20
Jérôme Boateng

 46'

CB
17
Per Mertesacker

CB
5
Mats Hummels

LB
4
Benedikt Höwedes

DM
16
Philipp Lahm (c)

CM
6
Sami Khedira

 70'

CM
18
Toni Kroos

RW
8
Mesut Özil

LW
19
Mario Götze

 69'

CF
13
Thomas Müller

Substitutions:

DF
21
Shkodran Mustafi

 46'

FW
11
Miroslav Klose

 69'

MF
7
Bastian Schweinsteiger

 70'

Manager:

Joachim Löw

GK
16
Fatau Dauda

RB
23
Harrison Afful

CB
21
John Boye

CB
19
Jonathan Mensah

LB
20
Kwadwo Asamoah

CM
11
Sulley Muntari
 90+4'

CM
17
Mohammed Rabiu

 78'

RW
7
Christian Atsu

 72'

AM
9
Kevin-Prince Boateng

 52'

LW
10
André Ayew

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan (c)

Substitutions:

FW
13
Jordan Ayew

 52'

MF
22
Wakaso Mubarak

 72'

MF
8
Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu

 78'

Manager:

James Kwesi Appiah

text:
Man of the Match:
Mario Götze (Germany)
Assistant referees:
Emerson De Carvalho (Brazil)
Marcelo Van Gasse (Brazil)
Fourth official:
Víctor Hugo Carrillo (Peru)
Fifth official:
Rodney Aquino (Paraguay)

text: United States vs Portugal[edit]

text: The two teams had met in five previous matches, including in the 2002 FIFA World Cup group stage, won by the United States 3–2.[22] Portugal defender Pepe was suspended for the match after his red card against Germany.[23]

text:
Portugal took the lead within five minutes, when Geoff Cameron's mis-hit clearance fell to Nani and he scored from close range. Near the end of the first half, Nani's long-range shot hit the post, and American goalkeeper Tim Howard saved Éder's follow-up. In the second half, Michael Bradley had a shot cleared off the line by Ricardo Costa, but the United States eventually equalised through Jermaine Jones, as he curled in a right-foot shot in after a corner was cleared to him.[24]
The United States then took the lead, as Graham Zusi crossed for Clint Dempsey to score with his midriff. Had the United States held on for the win, they would have clinched a place in the knockout stage while eliminating Portugal at the same time, but in the fifth minute of injury time, Cristiano Ronaldo crossed for substitute Silvestre Varela to head in the equaliser and keep Portugal's qualification hopes alive.[25]

text: Varela's goal (94:33) was the latest World Cup goal scored in regulation time.[26] In the 39th minute, the players took a short water break during an injury stoppage,[27] but this was not considered an official "cooling break" as introduced by FIFA for this tournament.[28]

text:
United States

2–2

 Portugal

Jones  64'
Dempsey  81'

Report

Nani  5'
Varela  90+5'

text:
United States

Portugal

text:
GK
1
Tim Howard

RB
23
Fabian Johnson

CB
20
Geoff Cameron

CB
5
Matt Besler

LB
7
DaMarcus Beasley

CM
15
Kyle Beckerman

CM
13
Jermaine Jones
 75'

RW
11
Alejandro Bedoya

 72'

AM
4
Michael Bradley

LW
19
Graham Zusi

 90+1'

CF
8
Clint Dempsey (c)

 87'

Substitutions:

DF
2
DeAndre Yedlin

 72'

FW
18
Chris Wondolowski

 87'

DF
3
Omar Gonzalez

 90+1'

Manager:

 Jürgen Klinsmann

GK
22
Beto

RB
21
João Pereira

CB
13
Ricardo Costa

CB
2
Bruno Alves

LB
19
André Almeida

 46'

DM
4
Miguel Veloso

CM
8
João Moutinho

CM
16
Raul Meireles

 69'

RW
17
Nani

LW
7
Cristiano Ronaldo (c)

CF
23
Hélder Postiga

 16'

Substitutions:

FW
11
Eder

 16'

MF
6
William Carvalho

 46'

MF
18
Silvestre Varela

 69'

Manager:

Paulo Bento

text:
Man of the Match:
Tim Howard (United States)
Assistant referees:
Hernán Maidana (Argentina)
Juan Pablo Belatti (Argentina)
Fourth official:
Wálter López (Guatemala)
Fifth official:
Leonel Leal (Costa Rica)

text: United States vs Germany[edit]

text: The two teams had met in nine previous matches, including twice in the FIFA World Cup, both won by Germany (1998, group stage: 2–0; 2002, quarter-finals: 1–0).[29] The match featured two German coaches, Jürgen Klinsmann and Joachim Löw, facing each other. United States coach Klinsmann played in three World Cups for Germany (he scored the second goal in the 1998 match against the United States), and also managed them in 2006 with Löw as his assistant, who succeeded him after the World Cup.[30]

text:
Both teams came into this match needing only one point to qualify for the knockout stage. The only goal of the match was scored by Thomas Müller in the 55th minute, who slotted in the rebound with his right foot from the edge of the penalty area after American goalkeeper Tim Howard parried out Per Mertesacker's header.[31]
With the win, Germany qualified as group winners, while the United States also qualified despite the loss as Portugal's 2–1 win over Ghana at the same time ensured that the Americans finished as group runners-up above the Portuguese on goal difference,[32] meaning that they reached the knockout stage of consecutive World Cups for the first time.[33] This was the first match of the tournament where Bastian Schweinsteiger was included in the starting lineup and the last match where Lukas Podolski saw any time on the pitch.

text: With Costa Rica and Mexico also reaching the knockout stage earlier, this was the first time there were three CONCACAF teams in the knockout stage of a World Cup.[34]

text:
United States

0–1

 Germany

Report

Müller  55'

text:
United States

Germany

text:
GK
1
Tim Howard

RB
23
Fabian Johnson

CB
3
Omar Gonzalez
 37'

CB
5
Matt Besler

LB
7
DaMarcus Beasley

CM
15
Kyle Beckerman
 62'

CM
13
Jermaine Jones

RW
19
Graham Zusi

 84'

AM
4
Michael Bradley

LW
14
Brad Davis

 59'

CF
8
Clint Dempsey (c)

Substitutions:

MF
11
Alejandro Bedoya

 59'

DF
2
DeAndre Yedlin

 84'

Manager:

 Jürgen Klinsmann

GK
1
Manuel Neuer

RB
20
Jérôme Boateng

CB
17
Per Mertesacker

CB
5
Mats Hummels

LB
4
Benedikt Höwedes
 11'

DM
16
Philipp Lahm (c)

CM
7
Bastian Schweinsteiger

 76'

CM
18
Toni Kroos

RW
8
Mesut Özil

 89'

LW
10
Lukas Podolski

 46'

CF
13
Thomas Müller

Substitutions:

FW
11
Miroslav Klose

 46'

MF
19
Mario Götze

 76'

MF
9
André Schürrle

 89'

Manager:

Joachim Löw

text:
Man of the Match:
Thomas Müller (Germany)
Assistant referees:
Abdukhamidullo Rasulov (Uzbekistan)
Bakhadyr Kochkarov (Kyrgyzstan)
Fourth official:
Néant Alioum (Cameroon)
Fifth official:
Djibril Camara (Senegal)

text: Portugal vs Ghana[edit]

text: The two teams had never met before.[35] Ghana midfielder Sulley Muntari was suspended for the match due to accumulation of yellow cards.[36] However, along with fellow midfielder Kevin-Prince Boateng, Muntari was indefinitely suspended from the team for disciplinary reasons by the Ghana Football Association before the match.[37][38]

text:
Both teams came into the match knowing that to have any chance of qualifying for the knockout stage, they had to win while hoping that the United States vs Germany match, played at the same time, did not end in a draw. Portugal took the lead in the first half, when John Boye deflected in Miguel Veloso's cross with his knee for an own goal. Asamoah Gyan equalised for Ghana in the second half, heading in Kwadwo Asamoah's outside of the foot cross from the left. Cristiano Ronaldo scored Portugal's game winner in the 80th minute, after Ghana goalkeeper Fatau Dauda palmed the ball to him in the penalty area after a cross from the left.[39]
Despite the win and Germany's win over the United States, Portugal finished behind the United States on goal difference, and were eliminated together with Ghana, which failed to reach the knockout stage for the first time in their three campaigns.[40]

text: Gyan's goal was his sixth in the World Cup, passing the tally of Roger Milla as the top African goalscorer in the World Cup.[41] Ronaldo's goal made him the first Portuguese player to score in three World Cups.[42]

text:
Portugal

2–1

 Ghana

Boye  31' (o.g.)
Ronaldo  80'

Report

Gyan  57'

text:
Portugal

Ghana

text:
GK
22
Beto

 89'

RB
21
João Pereira

 61'

CB
3
Pepe

CB
2
Bruno Alves

LB
4
Miguel Veloso

DM
6
William Carvalho

CM
8
João Moutinho
 90+4'

CM
20
Rúben Amorim

RW
17
Nani

LW
7
Cristiano Ronaldo (c)

CF
11
Eder

 69'

Substitutions:

MF
18
Silvestre Varela

 61'

MF
10
Vieirinha

 69'

GK
1
Eduardo

 89'

Manager:

Paulo Bento

GK
16
Fatau Dauda

RB
23
Harrison Afful
 39'

CB
21
John Boye

CB
19
Jonathan Mensah

LB
20
Kwadwo Asamoah

CM
17
Mohammed Rabiu

 76'

CM
8
Emmanuel Agyemang-Badu

RW
7
Christian Atsu

LW
10
André Ayew

 81'

CF
18
Abdul Majeed Waris
 55'
 71'

CF
3
Asamoah Gyan (c)

Substitutions:

FW
13
Jordan Ayew
 78'
 71'

MF
6
Afriyie Acquah

 76'

MF
22
Wakaso Mubarak

 81'

Manager:

James Kwesi Appiah

text:
Man of the Match:
Cristiano Ronaldo (Portugal)
Assistant referees:
Yaser Tulerat (Bahrain)
Ebrahim Saleh (Bahrain)
Fourth official:
Wilmar Roldán (Colombia)
Fifth official:
Eduardo Díaz (Colombia)


document_title: Four-minute mile

question_text: when did the 4 minute mile get broken

question_tokens: when did the 4 minute mile get broken

text: Four-minute mile

text: Record holders[edit]

text: Breaking the four-minute barrier was first achieved on 6 May 1954 at Oxford University's Iffley Road Track, by Englishman Roger Bannister,[4] with the help of fellow-runners Chris Chataway and Chris Brasher as pacemakers.[5]

text: Two months later, during the 1954 British Empire and Commonwealth Games hosted in Vancouver, B.C., two competing runners, Australia's John Landy and Bannister, ran the distance of one mile in under four minutes. The race's end is memorialised in a photo, and later a statue, of the two, with Landy looking over his left shoulder, just as Bannister is passing him on the right. Landy thus lost the race. The statue was placed in front of the Pacific National Exhibition entrance plaza.[6]

text: New Zealand's John Walker, the first man to run the mile under 3:50, ran 135 sub-four-minute miles during his career (during which he was the first person to run over 100 sub-four-minute miles), and American Steve Scott has run the most sub-four-minute miles, with 136. Algeria's Noureddine Morceli was the first under 3:45. Currently, the mile record is held by Morocco's Hicham El Guerrouj, who ran a time of 3:43.13 in Rome in 1999.

text: In 1964, America's Jim Ryun became the first high-school runner to break four minutes for the mile, running 3:59.0 as a junior and a then American record 3:55.3 as a senior in 1965.[7] Tim Danielson (1966) and Marty Liquori (1967) also came in under four minutes, but Ryun's high-school record stood until Alan Webb ran 3:53.43 in 2001.[8] Ten years later, in 2011, Lukas Verzbicas became the fifth high-schooler under four minutes.[9] In 2015, Matthew Maton and Grant Fisher became the sixth and seventh high-schoolers to break four minutes, both running 3:59.38 about a month apart.[10] Webb was the first high schooler to run sub-4 indoors, running 3:59.86 in early 2001. On 6 February 2016, Andrew Hunter significantly improved upon Webb's mark, running 3:58.25 on the same New York Armory track[11] and 3:57.81 two weeks later.[12] Hunter achieved the 4 minute mile mark outdoors later in the season at the Prefontaine Classic. At that same meet Michael Slagowski ran his second sub-4 minute of the season.[13] Reed Brown dipped under the barrier on June 1, 2017, running the 4th fastest high school mile time ever recorded in a race: 3:59.30.[14]

text: Another illustration of the progression of performance in the men's mile is that, in 1994, forty years after Bannister's breaking of the barrier, the Irish runner Eamonn Coghlan became the first man over the age of 40 to run a sub-four-minute mile.[15] Because Coghlan surpassed the mark indoors and before the IAAF validated indoor performances as being eligible for outdoor records, World Masters Athletics still had not recognised a sub-4-minute-mile performance as a record in the M40 division. Many elite athletes made the attempts to extend their careers beyond age 40 to challenge that mark. Over 18 years after Coghlan, that was finally achieved by UK's Anthony Whiteman, running 3:58.79 on 2 June 2012.[16]

text: No woman has yet run a four-minute mile. As of 2015[update], the women's world record is held by retired Russian Svetlana Masterkova, with a time of 4:12.56 in 1996.[17]

text: In 1997, Daniel Komen of Kenya ran two miles in less than eight minutes, doubling up on Bannister's accomplishment.[18] He did it again in February 1998, falling just 0.3 seconds behind his previous performance, and is still the only individual to accomplish the feat.[19]

text: Possible other claims[edit]

text: James Parrott (1770)[edit]

text: Some sources (including Olympic medalist Peter Radford[20]) contend the first successful four-minute mile was run in London by James Parrott on 9 May 1770.[21][22] Parrott's route began on Goswell Road, before turning down Old Street, finishing at St Leonard's, Shoreditch. Although timing methods at this time were – following the invention of the chronometer by John Harrison – accurate enough to measure the four minutes correctly, the record is not recognised by modern sporting bodies.[23] Neal Bascomb notes in The Perfect Mile that "even nineteenth-century historians cast a skeptical eye on the account."[24]

text: The Weller Run (1796)[edit]

text: Then in 1796, the Sporting Magazine reported that on 10 October of that year a young man called Weller, one of three brothers, "undertook for a wager of three guineas (about 5 months' pay at that time) to run one mile on the Banbury road, in four minutes, which he performed two seconds within the time."[25]

text: In other words, the magazine reports that he ran a mile in three minutes, fifty eight seconds. By that time, a mile could be routinely measured to within a few inches;[26] watches, thanks to John Harrison, could measure 4 minutes to within 0.0009 sec (i.e. gain or lose 10 seconds a month),[27] and after about 1750 the mass production of highly accurate watches was well underway.[28]

text: Glenn Cunningham (1920s)[edit]

text: It is also reputed that Glenn Cunningham achieved a four-minute mile in a workout in the 1920s. In addition to being unsubstantiated, a workout run would not count as a record.[29]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: In 1988, the ABC and the BBC co-produced The Four Minute Mile, a miniseries dramatisation of the race to the four-minute mile, featuring Richard Huw as Bannister and Nique Needles as John Landy (who was simultaneously pursuing the milestone). It was written by David Williamson and directed by Jim Goddard.

text: In 2004, Neal Bascomb wrote a book entitled The Perfect Mile about Roger Bannister, John Landy, and Wes Santee, portraying their individual attempts to break the four-minute mile and the context of the sport of mile racing. A second film version (entitled Four Minutes) was made in 2005, starring Jamie Maclachlan as Bannister.

text: In June 2011 the watch used to time the original event was donated by Jeffrey Archer to a charity auction for Oxford University Athletics Club; it sold for £97,250.[30]

text: In July 2016 the BBC broadcast the documentary Bannister: Everest on the Track, The Roger Bannister Story with firsthand interviews from Bannister and various other figures on the first sub-4 minute mile.[31][32]


document_title: Total Drama Island

question_text: who was the winner of total drama island

text: Total Drama Island

text: Plot[edit]

text: Total Drama Island sets in a fictional titular reality show that follows the competition of 22 unsuspecting and unknowing teenagers at Camp Wawanakwa, the most rundown, bug-infested, disgusting island located in an unspecified area in Muskoka, Ontario. The campers participate in competitions and challenges which get more insane and dangerous each week to avoid being voted off the island by their fellow campers and teammates. At the end of the series, the winning contestant will win C$100,000. The competition is hosted by Chris McLean, who is assisted by the camp's chef, Chef Hatchet, who is also Chris McLean's best friend despite being mistreated at times. Egotistical and immoral to them, unless it affects him legally, Chris places the show's contestants in various life-threatening challenges.

text: At the beginning of the season, the twenty-two 16-year-old teen campers are placed into two groups of eleven, the "Screaming Gophers" and the "Killer Bass". In each episode, the teams participate in a challenge, in which one or more campers can win invincibility for their team. The losing team is called to the campfire that night, where they vote one of their members off the island. The camper with the most votes is eliminated from the competition. At this campfire, McLean passes out marshmallows to the campers who have not been voted off, while the one who does not get a marshmallow must walk down the Dock of Shame to the Boat of Losers, which will take them away from the island and they will "never, never, never, ever, ever, ever, come back, ever" according to Chris (this was proved a lie in "No Pain, No Game", when he brought Eva and Izzy back into the game).

text: About halfway through the season, the teams are disbanded, so it is every camper for themselves, after which the challenges continue; the winner of each challenge then only receives invincibility for him or herself, whereupon the rest of the campers vote one camper without invincibility off the island. This process of elimination continued on until two players remain on the island. These two players, Gwen and Owen, were then subject to a final contest. At the end of the season, Owen wins the competition, while Gwen ends up being the runner-up. Total Drama Island is a parody of the reality show Survivor. Host Chris McLean is very similar to Survivor host Jeff Probst.[4] This is the first season in which the winner does not get to keep the money, due to it being eaten by a shark in the episode "Total Drama Drama Drama Drama Island".

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Total Drama Island is a Canadian animated television series which premiered on July 8, 2007, on the Teletoon channel. This season has 26 episodes, each 22 minutes in duration, and two special episodes.[5] It was the third Cartoon Network show outside of Adult Swim and Toonami to have the U.S. rating of either "TV-PG" or "TV-PG-D", and a parental-guidance warning after every commercial break and at the beginning of the show (the first two being Sunday Pants and IGPX). Its rating in Canada was initially "G" while current broadcasts are rated "PG".

text:
Season
Episodes
Country
Network
First air date
Last air date

1
28[6]
Canada
Teletoon
July 8, 2007
November 29, 2008

United States
Cartoon Network
June 5, 2008
December 18, 2008

United Kingdom
Jetix
April 1, 2009
May 6, 2009

text: Characters[edit]

text: Staff[edit]

text:
Character
Voice actor
Description

Chris McLean
Christian Potenza
Chris is the host of Total Drama Island.

Chef Hatchet
Clé Bennett
Hatchet is the cook and co-host of the series.

text: Contestants[edit]

text: There are 22 original contestants who competed in Total Drama Island. They are Beth, Bridgette, Cody, Courtney, DJ, Duncan, Eva, Ezekiel, Geoff, Gwen, Harold, Heather, Izzy, Justin, Katie, Leshawna, Lindsay, Noah, Owen, Sadie, Trent, and Tyler. Many of the characters return in later seasons either as contestants or as guests.

text:
Contestant
Voice actor
Nickname
Description

Beth
Sarah Gadon[a]
The Wannabee
Beth was born and raised on a farm with only animal friends and her parents to keep her company. Thanks to her background, she never developed proper social skills, and while she excels at getting others to stop and stare, it is more often than not for embarrassing reasons. In the second challenge, she joins a three-way alliance between Heather, Lindsay, and herself, but leaves it after standing up to Heather and her bossy attitude.

Bridgette
Kristin Fairlie
The Surfer Girl
Bridgette is a calm, compassionate surfer girl who loves animals almost as much as she loves the water. She ends up being the last girl standing on the Killer Bass, leading her to form a friendship with Gwen and Leshawna after the team merge. She develops a crush on Geoff and the two eventually become a couple.

Cody
Peter Oldring
The Geek
Cody is a tech-savvy geek, who sees himself as a ladies' man instead of a nerd. He has a large crush on Gwen and tries unsuccessfully to flirt with her, but settles for making Gwen happy by hooking her up with Trent.

Courtney
Emilie-Claire Barlow[b]
The Type A
Courtney a perfectionist who desires to be best at everything, and sees herself as a born leader. Her desire for success often clashes with her own principles and can come off as being quite bossy and critical, which leads her to be disliked by many contestants. Though she initially denies she has any feelings towards Duncan, the two form a romantic relationship later on, leading to her unfair elimination as Harold rigged the votes for Courtney to leave to get back at Duncan for bullying him.

DJ
Clé Bennett
The Brickhouse With Heart
DJ is a very soft-spoken and sensitive guy who is compassionate and kind to those around him despite his intimidating size. He has a fear of heights and snakes, but manages to overcome them as the season progresses.

Duncan
Drew Nelson
The Delinquent
Duncan is a crafty juvenile delinquent and apparent bully who knows many tactics from his time spent in juvenile detention centers. His experience in juvy has made him into a strong and ruthless competitor, but still shows affection towards his teammates from time to time, particularly towards Courtney. During the merge, he forms a guys alliance with DJ, Geoff, and Owen to help the men stay in the competition. He ends up being tough enough to make it to the final four.

Eva
Julia Chantrey
The Female Bully
Eva is very competitive and physically strong, she is often overly aggressive. She is known to have a short temper and violent ways of exhibiting her anger. While her temper got her eliminated from the competition early, she was allowed to return to compete after the merge (which lasted one episode because the contestants still didn't want to deal with her violent behavior). Eva is one out of three contestants from the original cast to only compete on Total Drama Island and not on any of its follow-up seasons.

Ezekiel
Peter Oldring
The Home Schooled Guy
Ezekiel is a naïve country boy who was homeschooled at his farm. His lack of interaction with other kids has left him with incredibly poor social skills. He is the first one voted off the competition due to his rude remarks towards the female competitors.

Geoff
Dan Petronijevic
The Funniest Guy Around
Geoff may not be the smartest contestant in the bunch, but he has a positive attitude, loves people, and is always up for a party. He forms a strong friendship with DJ and Duncan, and develops a crush on fellow surfer Bridgette. tries to get closer to her, however, the relationship between the two is often a rocky one, as Geoff will say or do something to try to impress her, but will instead end up putting her off. As the season progresses, Bridgette shows signs of returning his feelings, and the two officially become a couple.

Gwen
Megan Fahlenbock
The Goth
Gwen is a goth girl whose interests lie in art and astronomy. She is smart, independent, kind and level-headed, stating her best quality is her inability to get excited over minuscule things. Her attitude at first seems very harsh and sarcastic, but she is not a bitter person. During the season, she develops a crush on Trent and forms an intense rivalry with her teammate Heather. Despite the numerous physical and social obstacles in her way, Gwen is strong enough to make it to the finale alongside Owen.

Harold
Brian Froud
The Dweeb
Harold is a skinny, awkward-looking guy who takes pride in his knowledge, resourcefulness, and "Mad Skills" in subjects like filming and beatboxing. He is frequently bullied by Duncan and is often underestimated by his teammates and competitors, as he's pulled through and won challenges for the Killer Bass a number of times despite nearly getting voted off at every elimination ceremony. It's revealed later in the season that he's developed a large crush on Leshawna.

Heather
Rachel Wilson
Queen Bee
Heather competes with her sights solely on the prize money and not on making friends, using others at her advantage and only being kind when she may ultimately be benefited. Early in the season, she forms an alliance with Beth and Lindsay and frequently forces the latter to place Heather's priorities above her own. Despite everyone's hatred towards her (particularly from Gwen and Leshawna), she manages to make it to the final three thanks to either performing strongly in the competition or manipulating others to get what she wants.

Izzy
Katie Crown
The Psycho Hose Beast
Izzy is seen as one of the show's craziest contestants. She is fun but hard to handle and to the other contestants, more trouble than she is worth. Izzy has extraordinary athletic and fighting abilities, and also sticks herself to the wild environment. Early in the season, she is forced to leave the competition after being chased out by the Royal Canadian Mountain Police, but Chris allows her to return after the teams merge into one. During the merge, she forms a strong bond with Owen.

Justin
Adam Reid
The Eye Candy
Justin is a supermodel of incredible beauty. He is so handsome that he can make everyone around, whether they are female, male, or animal, stop dead in his or her tracks at the mere sight of him. While Justin does speak in the first and last episodes of the season, he remains mute for the majority of the time, letting his looks speak for itself.

Katie
Stephanie Anne Mills
The Sweet Girl
Katie and Sadie are two best friends who do everything together. They are sensitive, cheerful, and boy-crazy and when they has grow attracted to someone, they will fawn over him endlessly. After Katie's elimination, Sadie struggles at first to compete without her, but adapts more as she continues. They are two out of three contestants from the original cast to only compete on Total Drama Island and not any of its follow-up seasons.

Leshawna
Novie Edwards
The Sister With 'Tude
Leshawna is loyal and sassy, yet also can be affectionate and caring. If shown respect, she will reciprocate it indefinitely. Leshawna tells it like it is, and has no fear whatsoever of calling people out on their mistakes. She forms a friendship with Gwen and a strong rivalry against Heather.

Lindsay
Stephanie Anne Mills
The Dumb Princess
Lindsay is described as being beautiful, but not vain. While Lindsay is one of the prettiest one on the show and is spoilt silly by her father, she is kind hearted and is able to make friends with almost everyone. However her lack of intelligence often leads to her downfall. She makes an alliance with Heather early on in the season and is often forced by her to do various tasks to benefit Heather more than herself. She also begins one of the show's first romances with Tyler.

Noah
Carter Hayden
The Schemer
Noah comes off as being sarcastic, cynical, and lazy to most. He is extremely intelligent, but finds physical activity as laughable as the ridiculous antics of some of his peers.

Owen
Scott McCord
The Party Guy
Owen is a huggable, upbeat, fun-loving, friendly, passionate, and optimistic competitor, who is basically in Total Drama to have fun more than win the grand prize. Owen's three biggest loves are eating, having a good time and passing a large amount of gas. Among his peers, he is arguably the most popular contestant of all time for his cheerful ways, optimistic viewpoints no matter what the situation is, and ability to see the best in other people. Despite his obesity, he makes it to the finale with Gwen thanks to his popularity amongst the cast and surprising athletic abilities.

Sadie
Lauren Lipson
The Sweet Girl's Best Friend
Sadie and Katie are best friends who do everything together. They are sensitive, cheerful, and boy-crazy and when they has grow attracted to someone, they will fawn over him endlessly. After Katie's elimination, Sadie struggles at first to compete without her, but adapts more as she continues. They are two out of three contestants from the original cast to only compete on Total Drama Island and not any of its follow-up seasons.

Trent
Scott McCord
The Cool Guy
Trent is relaxed, nice guy who tends to get along with everyone with his social skills and ability to play the guitar. He is also shown as being a pain magnet, suffering a number of near-death experiences and mishaps during the season. He has a crush on Gwen and when the two try to get together, Heather tries to break them apart seeing their affection as a threat towards her alliance.

Tyler
Peter Oldring
The Jock
Tyler is a sports fan who loves anything physical. Unfortunately, he is extremely uncoordinated and dim, constantly putting himself and others at risk with his clumsiness. He and Lindsay become one of the show's first couples.

text: Episode finale variations[edit]

text: For every season, the show's producers create two alternate endings for the final episode, such that the winner seen in one country's broadcasts is the runner-up in other countries (and vice versa) where the show airs. Owen is the original winner in Canada, but he is also shown as the winner in Australia, Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Denmark, France, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Latin America, the Netherlands, New Zealand, the Philippines, Portugal, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, Spain, South Africa, Turkey, United Kingdom, and the United States.[citation needed] Gwen is the original runner-up in Canada, but she is also the winner in Finland, Norway, Poland, Romania, and Sweden.[citation needed]

text: Production[edit]

text: Total Drama Island was developed and produced by Fresh TV starting in 2006 with an early name for the series being Camp TV.[7] The season was animated at Elliott Animation and was directed by Todd Kauffman and Mark Thornton.[8] It is primarily targeted at eight-to-twelve-year-olds, and the creators, Tom McGillis and Jennifer Pertsch, studied what teenagers liked and disliked about reality television shows in the writing process.[9] McGillis says they used a "countrywide online research project" to determine this demographic's likes.[10] Fresh TV Inc. partners McGillis, Pertsch, Elliott and Irving produced the series.[11] The budget for the series was $8 million.[12] It was animated in Flash,[8] at Elliott Animation's studio in Toronto.[11] Every cast and crew member on Total Drama Island had to sign a confidentiality agreement not to disclose who the winner was.[13] All the characters were designed by Kauffman.[14] Voice actors from the FreshTV series 6teen have lent their voices for Total Drama Island: Christian Potenza, who played the character Jude on 6teen, played the role of host Chris McLean. Potenza said that the best part of the job was that his character could not be voted off the show.[15] Emilie-Claire Barlow plays a recurring role as Chrissy on 6teen and plays Courtney on Total Drama Island. Barlow stated that Courtney was her favorite character that she had ever played.[16] Other voice actors from 6teen include Julia Chantrey as Eva; Drew Nelson (Kai) as Duncan; Megan Fahlenbock (Jen) as Gwen; Adam Reid (Wayne) as Justin; Stephanie Anne Mills (Kirsten) as Lindsay and Katie; and Rachel Wilson (Melinda Wilson) as Heather.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Carole Bonneau, the Vice President of programming of Teletoon Canada stated that Total Drama Island, along with Fresh TV's 6teen were "consistently top performers" for audiences of ages 6–11, and also helped to bring in older viewers as well.[17] When Total Drama Island aired on the American Cartoon Network, it performed very well; The Toronto Star reported that, "in some ages groups [Total Drama Island showed] a 500 per cent ratings increase in [its] time slot."[10] On December 11, 2008, Total Drama Island garnered 3.5 million viewers.[18] That year, the series was the top "regularly scheduled Thursday night program at 9 p.m. on all television throughout third quarter among boys 2-11, 6-11 and 9-14," according to the Animation World Network.[19] On Memorial Day weekend of 2009, a marathon of Total Drama Island increased viewership in age groups 2-11, 6-11, and 9-14, each by 20% or more compared to the same week in 2008.[20] As of 2011, Total Drama Island has aired in over 188 countries.[21]

text: Critical reaction[edit]

text: Total Drama Island has received critical acclaim. Common Sense Media gave the show 4 out of 5 stars, calling it a "[c]lever cartoon reality show spoof", even though it also describes it as too intense for young children to watch.[22] The series was nominated for a Gemini Award for "Best Animated Program or Series", shared by Tom McGillis, Jennifer Pertsch, George Elliott and Brian Irving.[23] Debi Enker of The Age gave a negative review of the season's last episode, calling the art, design and writing "lamentable."[24]

text: Public reaction[edit]

text: Total Drama Island received a score of 8.2 on Metacritic from users.[25]

text: Media[edit]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text: A DVD was released by Cartoon Network on August 18, 2009 in the United States. It contains all of the 27 episodes (including TDI Rundown) of season one of this series in a 4 disc set, for a total of 594 minutes long. In addition, its bonus features (entitled as X-tras) are the audition tapes of twenty two campers, as well as Izzy's second audition tape and her exclusive interview with Chris. In Australia, Total Drama Island is on Region 4 DVD as separate volumes. This series of discs contains the widescreen version with uncut scenes and original dialogue, as seen on Teletoon and ABC3. In reviewing the DVD for season, Matthew Price of The Oklahoman wrote that while the show started out "unbelievably slowly," the series became more interesting as campers began getting voted off. Price also praised the parody of reality shows.[26] In another review of the DVD, Jeffrey Kauffman of DVD Talk wrote that the character development was compelling and that the parody of reality shows were very funny.[27] Mac McEntire of DVD Verdict praised the character development as well, but noted that the show sometimes sinks to "lowbrow gross-outs".[28] Both Kauffman and McEntire recommended the series DVD.

text: Total Drama Island Interactive[edit]

text: Total Drama Island Interactive was an online game in Canada marketed in conjunction with the television series. It was produced by Xenophile Media. By registering a free account, the player could play games using a customizable avatar to earn points for marshmallows. Marshmallows are used as money in the game so the player can buy in-game items. The player who earned the most points had their avatar make a cameo appearance in the season finale.[29] The games were based on the challenges in the show.[30] Total Drama Island Interactive was nominated for an Interactive Emmy Award in 2007.[29] However, the website is currently no longer available, as it has been replaced by Total Drama Online and by the Teletoon official site.[31]