document_title: The Walking Dead (TV series)

question_text: where is the show the walking dead filmed

question_tokens: where is the show the walking dead filmed

text: The Walking Dead (TV series)

text: Series overview

text: The Walking Dead takes place after the onset of a worldwide zombie apocalypse. The zombies, colloquially referred to as "walkers", shamble towards living humans and other creatures to eat them; they are attracted to noise, such as gunshots, and to different scents, e.g. humans. Humans that they bite or scratch become infected and slowly turn into walkers as well. It is revealed early in the series that all living humans carry this pathogen, so that if they die from any other cause, they will also turn into walkers. The only way to permanently kill a walker is to damage its brain or otherwise fully destroy the body, such as by cremating it.

text: The series centers on sheriff's deputy Rick Grimes, who wakes up from a coma to discover this apocalypse. He becomes the leader of a group of survivors from the Atlanta, Georgia region as they attempt to sustain themselves and protect themselves not only against attacks by walkers but by other groups of survivors willing to assure their longevity by any means necessary.

text: Season 1 (2010)

text: Sheriff's deputy Rick Grimes wakes from a coma discovering a world overrun by zombies. After befriending Morgan Jones, whom he becomes separated from, Rick travels to Atlanta to find his wife Lori, his son, Carl, and his police partner, Shane Walsh, encountering other survivors. The group travels to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), but find from the sole remaining CDC member that no cure exists for the epidemic.[19][20]

text: Season 2 (2011–12)

text: Traveling from Atlanta, Rick's group takes shelter at Hershel Greene's farm while they search for Carol's missing daughter, Sophia. Tensions between Rick's group and Hershel's family worsen after it is discovered that Hershel has kept friends and family turned into zombies, including Sophia, in his barn. Shane and Rick's friendship becomes increasingly unhinged when Lori reveals that she is pregnant, and Rick is forced to kill Shane in self-defense. Carl then shoots Shane in the head after he reanimates. The noise draws zombies, forcing Rick's group and Hershel's surviving family to evacuate the farm.[21]

text: Season 3 (2012–13)

text: Eight months after fleeing Hershel's farm, Rick's group finds a prison, which they clear of zombies to make their new home. Lori dies in childbirth, and Rick becomes withdrawn. Meanwhile, Andrea is rescued by Michonne and the two discover Woodbury, a fortified town led by a man known as the Governor. He learns of Rick's group at the prison, leading to conflict between the groups. Rick's group eventually raids and destroys Woodbury, but the Governor has Andrea ultimately killed and escapes. Woodbury's citizens live with Rick’s group at the prison.[22]

text: Season 4 (2013–14)

text: Several months after the Governor's attack, a deadly flu kills many of the population at the prison. The Governor finds his former right-hand men and kills them, taking over their group and destroys the prison. Rick's group are forced to separate and flee, but not before Hershel and the Governor are killed. The survivors divide, face their own trials and meet new faces before finding signs pointing to a safe haven called Terminus. One by one, they reunite at Terminus, but all the group are captured for some unknown purpose.[23]

text: Season 5 (2014–15)

text: Rick discovers the residents of Terminus engage in cannibalism, but the group manage to destroy Terminus and reunite. Some are injured and kidnapped to Grady, a hospital run by corrupt cops and doctors. When everybody regroups, they are approached by Aaron, inviting them to join a fortified community called Alexandria. The group are initially welcomed, but as the residents have not faced the zombie threat directly, Rick's group starts to take charge. Morgan, who has been searching for Rick, arrives and is shocked to see Rick killing an Alexandrian, who has been abusing his wife, in anger.[24]

text: Season 6 (2015–16)

text: The residents of Alexandria put more trust in Rick's group to protect the town better. A group known as the Wolves use a zombie horde to attack Alexandria, and many lives are lost before the living regain control. While recovering, they learn of a community called the Hilltop, who offer to help trade supplies if they can end the threat of the extortionist Saviors led by a man named Negan. Although Rick's group decimate one Savior outpost, they are later caught by Negan, and forced to swear loyalty to him.

text: Season 7 (2016–17)

text: Negan murders Glenn and Abraham to coerce Rick's loyalty. Rick initially submits, but Michonne persuades him to fight back, and recruits a community called the Scavengers for help. Meanwhile, Rosita and Eugene make a bullet to kill Negan. When this fails, Negan forcibly recruits Eugene as a Savior. Separately, Carol and Morgan befriend Ezekiel of the Kingdom, another community, while Maggie and Rosita rally the Hilltop. Alexandria is attacked by the Saviors, aided by the turncoat Scavengers, but the Kingdom and Hilltop defend Alexandria. The three communities declare war on the Saviors.

text: Season 8 (2017–18)

text: The season is based on the events of the All Out War arc in Volumes 20 and 21 in the original comic series, where Rick's and Negan's allies go to war against each other.[25]

text: Future

text: Executive producer David Alpert said in 2014 that the original comics have given them enough ideas for Rick Grimes and company over the next seven years. "I happen to love working from source material, specifically because we have a pretty good idea of what Season 10 is gonna be", Alpert said. "We know where seasons 11 and 12 [will be]... we have benchmarks and milestones for those seasons if we're lucky enough to get there."[26]

text: Cast and characters

text: The list below contains those that have been credited within the show's title sequence and those who are credited as "also starring". Recurring and guest stars are listed on the individual season pages.

text:
Andrew Lincoln as Rick Grimes: The series' protagonist and a former sheriff's deputy, who is the leader of the main group of survivors. He becomes a more cold and calculating leader over the course of the series.
Jon Bernthal as Shane Walsh: Rick's former police partner and close friend. (seasons 1–2; special guest star season 3)
Sarah Wayne Callies as Lori Grimes: Rick's wife, who has an affair with Shane when she believes Rick is dead. (seasons 1–3)
Laurie Holden as Andrea: A former civil rights attorney and member of the original Atlanta group of survivors. (seasons 1–3)
Jeffrey DeMunn as Dale Horvath: An older member of the group, who owns the RV with which the group travels. He is often the voice of reason within the group. (seasons 1–2)
Steven Yeun as Glenn Rhee: A former pizza delivery boy, who saves Rick's life. He begins a relationship with Maggie Greene, and over the course of the series, becomes an integral member of the group. (seasons 1–7)
Chandler Riggs as Carl Grimes: Rick and Lori's young son, who is forced to mature and learn to survive in the deadly new world. (seasons 1–8)
Norman Reedus as Daryl Dixon: The group's primary hunter, who becomes a key member of the group. (season 2–present; recurring season 1)
Melissa McBride as Carol Peletier: Originally a meek housewife, she overcomes domestic abuse to become a strong and empowered woman capable of making difficult decisions. (season 2–present; recurring season 1)
Lauren Cohan as Maggie Greene: The eldest daughter of the Greene family and who begins a relationship with Glenn. (season 3–present; recurring season 2)
Danai Gurira as Michonne: A katana-wielding, quiet, but fierce woman who joins Rick's group. (season 3–present)
Michael Rooker as Merle Dixon: Daryl's racist and volatile older brother. In season three, he is the right-hand man to the Governor. (season 3; guest seasons 1–2)
David Morrissey as Philip Blake / The Governor: The antagonistic leader of the town of Woodbury. He is ruthless, paranoid, and dangerous. (seasons 3–4; special guest star season 5)
Scott Wilson as Hershel Greene: A veterinarian and farmer, who maintains his faith and acts as the group's primary moral compass. (seasons 3–4; recurring season 2)
Emily Kinney as Beth Greene: A soft-spoken teenage girl, Hershel's younger daughter, and Maggie's younger half-sister. (seasons 4–5; recurring seasons 2–3)
Chad L. Coleman as Tyreese Williams: Tough and compassionate, he places an emphasis on moral reasoning. He struggles to cope with the immoral nature of some of the group's survival tactics and finds it difficult to kill in defense of the group. (seasons 4–5; recurring season 3)
Sonequa Martin-Green as Sasha Williams: Tyreese's fiery younger sister and a former firefighter, who is the group's sharpshooter. After several personal losses, she suffers from PTSD. (seasons 4–7; recurring season 3)
Lawrence Gilliard Jr. as Bob Stookey: A former army medic and recovering alcoholic, who develops a close relationship with Sasha. (seasons 4–5)
Michael Cudlitz as Abraham Ford: A former military sergeant, who is on a mission to bring a survivor to Washington, D.C., to find a cure for the walker virus. (seasons 5–7; recurring season 4)
Alanna Masterson as Tara Chambler: A former police academy student and ally of the Governor's before joining Rick's group. She serves as a primary supply runner. (season 5–present; recurring season 4)
Josh McDermitt as Eugene Porter: A man who claims to know a cure for the walker virus. He is weak and inefficient when dealing with walkers, but is very smart. (season 5–present; recurring season 4)
Christian Serratos as Rosita Espinosa: A tough, focused, and a very capable survivor and also Abraham's girlfriend. (season 5–present; recurring season 4)
Andrew J. West as Gareth: The cannibalistic leader of Terminus, who captures and coerces Rick's group into submission. (season 5; guest season 4)
Seth Gilliam as Gabriel Stokes: A priest, who joins Rick's group. He lacks experience of walkers and struggles with his faith in the new world. (season 5–present)
Lennie James as Morgan Jones: The first survivor Rick encounters in season one. After suffering a psychological break, he comes to peace with the world around him. (season 6–present, recurring season 5, special guest star season 3; guest season 1)
Ross Marquand as Aaron: An Alexandrian recruiter, who brings Rick's group to Alexandria. (season 6–present; recurring season 5)
Tovah Feldshuh as Deanna Monroe: A former Congresswoman and leader of Alexandria. (season 6; recurring season 5)
Alexandra Breckenridge as Jessie Anderson: An Alexandria resident, who develops a relationship with Rick. (season 6; recurring season 5)
Austin Nichols as Spencer Monroe: Deanna's son and a guard of Alexandria. (seasons 6–7; recurring season 5)
Jeffrey Dean Morgan as Negan: The psychopathic leader of the Saviors that he rules in tyranny. (season 7–present; special guest star season 6)[27]
Austin Amelio as Dwight: A ruthless and reluctant member of the Saviors. (season 7–present; recurring season 6)[27]
Tom Payne as Paul "Jesus" Rovia: A member and scout for the Hilltop Colony. (season 7–present; recurring season 6)[27]
Xander Berkeley as Gregory: The selfish and arrogant leader of the Hilltop Colony. (season 7–present; guest season 6)[27]
Katelyn Nacon as Enid: An isolated teenager in Alexandria, who forms a bond with Carl. (season 8; recurring seasons 5–7)[28]
Khary Payton as Ezekiel: The "king" of a community known as the Kingdom. (season 8; recurring season 7)
Steven Ogg as Simon: A high-ranking member of the Saviors, serving as Negan's right-hand man. (season 8, recurring season 7; guest season 6)[28]
Pollyanna McIntosh as Jadis: The impassive leader of the Scavengers. (season 8; recurring season 7)[28]

text: Darabont connections

text: The series features several actors whom Walking Dead developer Frank Darabont has worked with previously, including Laurie Holden (Andrea), Jeffrey DeMunn (Dale Horvath), Melissa McBride (Carol Peletier), Sam Witwer (the dead soldier in the tank where Rick hides in "Days Gone Bye"), and Juan Gabriel Pareja (Morales). All five appeared in his 2007 film The Mist, along with Thomas Jane, who originally was set to star in the series when it was pitched to HBO. Jane was later in talks with Darabont to possibly guest star on the series as of fall 2010,[29] but with Darabont's departure,[30] it is unknown whether the guest spot will happen or not. Laurie Holden also appeared in the 2001 film The Majestic (as Adele Stanton, Jim Carrey's character's love interest), which Darabont directed. DeMunn has also appeared in several of Darabont's films; in addition to The Mist and The Majestic, he appeared in The Shawshank Redemption (1994) and The Green Mile (1999). It was planned that Witwer (Private Jessup in Darabont's The Mist) would reprise his "Days Gone Bye" role in the original conception of The Walking Dead's season two premiere[31] and in a webisode,[32] but both plans were discarded.[33]

text: Production

text: Development

text: On January 20, 2010, AMC officially announced that it had ordered a pilot for a possible series adapted from The Walking Dead comic book series, with Frank Darabont and Gale Anne Hurd acting as executive producers and Darabont writing and directing.[34] The entire series was pre-ordered based just on the strength of the source material, the television scripts, and Darabont's involvement.[35] In January 2010 a review of the pilot episode's script attracted further attention.[36] The pilot began filming in Atlanta, Georgia on May 15, 2010[37] after AMC had officially ordered a six episode first season.[38] The series' remaining episodes began filming on June 2, 2010 with Darabont serving as showrunner.[39][40] On August 31, 2010, Darabont reported that The Walking Dead had been picked up for a second season, with production to begin in February 2011. On November 8, 2010, AMC confirmed that there would be a second season consisting of 13 episodes.[41] He would also like to include some of the "environmental elements" that take place during Volume 2 of Kirkman's book.[42]

text: Crew

text: The first season writing staff consisted of series developer and executive producer Frank Darabont (who wrote/co-wrote four of the six episodes), executive producer Charles H. Eglee, executive producer and creator of the comic book Robert Kirkman, co-executive producer Jack LoGiudice, consulting producer Adam Fierro and Glen Mazzara, all of whom contributed to one episode each. Along with Darabont, who directed the pilot episode, the remaining five were directed by Michelle MacLaren, Gwyneth Horder-Payton, Johan Renck, Ernest Dickerson and Guy Ferland.[43]

text: On December 1, 2010, Deadline.com reported that Darabont had fired his writing staff, including executive producer Charles "Chic" Eglee, and planned to use freelance writers for the second season.[44] Kirkman called the announcement "premature" and clarified that Eglee left to pursue other projects when Darabont decided to stay on as showrunner, and no definitive plans had been made regarding the writing staff for season two.[45]

text: [Chic Eglee] was brought onto The Walking Dead with the idea that Frank was going to work on the first season and then go off and do movies [...] Chic didn't want to be second-in-command on a show when he's used to being a top dog, and so he decided to go off and do something else, which is something that happens and is not a big deal.

text: On December 3, 2010, in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, executive producer Gale Anne Hurd commented: "It's completely inaccurate. [In] the writers' room, there are people that have set up other projects that will be their first priority if their own series is picked up as a pilot or if it's a series. I think [Eglee] just decided that he wants to run his own show." She revealed that it would be likely for the show to return in October 2011, as Darabont and Kirkman planned on mapping out the next season early in 2011. She also confirmed that, "every one of the principal cast is signed up for multiple seasons."[46] In July 2011, series developer and showrunner Frank Darabont stepped down from his position as showrunner for the series, over unclear circumstances (see Lawsuit below).[47]

text: Executive producer Glen Mazzara was appointed the new showrunner in Darabont's place.[48] New writers joined the writing staff in the second season, including co-executive producer Evan Reilly, producer Scott M. Gimple, story editor Angela Kang, and David Leslie Johnson. New writers in the third season included producers Nichole Beattie and Sang Kyu Kim, with Frank Renzulli contributing a freelance script.

text: After the conclusion of the third season, Glen Mazzara stepped down from his position as showrunner and executive producer for the series, per a mutual agreement between Mazzara and AMC. The press release read, "Both parties acknowledge that there is a difference of opinion about where the show should go moving forward, and conclude that it is best to part ways."[49] Scott M. Gimple succeeded Mazzara as showrunner for season four,[50] with new writers joining the writing staff, such as Curtis Gwinn, Channing Powell, and Matt Negrete.[51]

text: Writing

text: The television series generally tends to follow Kirkman's comic series across major characters and plots; for instance, events of the premiere episode of season 7 correlate to events in issue #100 of the comics.[52][53] The show does not attempt to go step-by-step with the comics, and has leeway in the narrative. In particular, the show's writers, along with Kirkman, often "transfer" how a character has died in the comics to a different character in the show. For example, in season 4, where Hershel Greene is beheaded by The Governor in the standoff with Rick's group at the prison; in the comic, Tyreese is the one who receives this fate.[52] Some of the television characters, like Carol, have far outlived their comic counterpart, while others that have already been killed off, like Sophia and Andrea, remained alive for some time in the ongoing comic series.[53] In addition, the writes have included characters wholly novel to the series such as Daryl Dixon, which producer Gale Anne Hurd says helps to create a new dynamic for the show, and keeps the audience guessing from what had already been established in the comic series.[54]

text: Music

text: Bear McCreary was hired to compose the score for the series. McCreary stated that the main theme was based on his viewing of production designs for the opening title sequence. Instead of doing a full theme song as with his earlier works, McCreary chose to use a simple, repeating motif from the strings section.[55]

text: It repeats over and over, and in fact in the pilot episode, you start hearing it before the main title begins, and this is something that continues episode to episode. You hear the main title music before the main title begins, so you know it's coming. That, to me, was the little hook – that little thing that, whenever you hear it, it takes you to the series.

text: Soundtracks

text: Four soundtracks for The Walking Dead have been released to date. The Walking Dead: AMC Original Soundtrack, Vol. 1 was released on March 17, 2013.[56] The second volume was released on March 25, 2014.[57] Songs of Survival is a soundtrack for the third season and it was released on August 27, 2013, by Republic Records as a Walmart exclusive for the special edition release of the third season.[58] Songs of Survival, Vol. 2 is a soundtrack for the fourth season and it was released on August 26, 2014, by Republic Records as a Walmart exclusive of the fourth season release.[59]

text: Makeup

text: Greg Nicotero is an executive producer and the key special effects makeup artist on the series. Each walker is put through "zombie school" and is taught how to move like zombies. There are three levels of zombie makeup: Hero, Midground, and Deep Background. Hero zombies are featured walkers and are completely made over from head to toe. Midground zombies get highlights and shadows on the face, but do not get close enough to the camera to require full makeup. Deep background zombies often wear masks and are only meant to be used as a backdrop.[60]

text: Filming

text: The Walking Dead is mostly filmed in Georgia.[61] Since 2002, the state has offered a tax incentive for large film productions to drive producers to the state and bolster its economy.[62]

text: The first season was filmed primary in Atlanta, though required a great deal of coordination with the city to shut down streets and parks for film.[62] Production for subsequent seasons moved mainly to Riverwood Studios (doing business as Raleigh Studios Atlanta), a plot of land approximately 120 acres (0.49 km2) outside of Senoia, Georgia. Some existing buildings were used here, such as a subdivision that is used by several families that serves as the Alexandria Safe-Zone, while other buildings are constructed as sets, such as the exterior shots of the main Hilltop mansion, the trash heaps used by the Scavengers, or Father Gabriel's church. Sets are torn down when no longer needed; the church, after its use in Season 5, was removed and its spot used for the iconic setting for the first meeting between Rick's group and Negan in Season 7. The property includes sound stages constructed for interior shots, which then may be reused; the interior sets for the prison during Season 3 were reused to serve as the buildings and sets for the Savior's Sanctuary in Season 7.[63][64] In July 2017, AMC purchased the studio lot from Riverwood for $8.25 million.[65]

text: Some scenes are shot outside of the studio. Woodbury, during Season 3, was filmed in downtown Senoia. Other exceptions include the Kingdom, which is filmed at the former military base Fort McPherson, now converted to studios for Tyler Perry.[63][64]

text: The series is completely shot on 16 mm film.[66] David Tattersall was the director of photography for the pilot episode with David Boyd as the director of photography on the remainder of the episodes. Production design is done by Greg Melton and Alex Hajdu. The effects team includes veteran special effects makeup designers Greg Nicotero and Toby Sells,[67] special effects coordinator Darrell Pritchett, and visual effects supervisors Sam Nicholson and Jason Sperling.[68]

text: Marketing

text: The Walking Dead debuted during the same week in 120 countries. As part of an expansive campaign to advertise and heighten anticipation for the premiere, AMC and Fox International Channels coordinated a worldwide zombie invasion event on October 26, 2010. The stunt involved invading 26 major cities within a 24-hour period, starting with Taipei and Hong Kong, and ending in Los Angeles for the U.S. premiere.[69]

text: The show's official website released, just prior to the San Diego Comic-Con in 2010, a motion comic based on Issue No. 1 of the original comic and voiced by Phil LaMarr.[70] The site also posted a making-of documentary primarily about the first episode, as well as a number of other behind-the-scenes videos and interviews. In the documentary, comic series creator and show executive producer Robert Kirkman as well as artist Charlie Adlard say they are pleased with how faithful the show is to the comic and remark on the similarities between the actors and the comic's original character drawings.[71]

text: Action figures of characters from the series were created for release in November 2011 and have continued throughout the years with eight line-ups. The figures, which are manufactured by McFarlane Toys, are designed to resemble the actors on the series. Figures created to resemble the characters as drawn in the comic book were released in September 2011.[72]

text: Green initiatives

text: With a primary objective of reducing the environmental impacts of film and television productions, including The Walking Dead, producer Gale Anne Hurd has directed the cast, crew, production team, suppliers, and bloggers about her shows to adopt the Doddle app to make the production almost paper-free; this works by digitally transmitting interactive call sheets and other intra-team and team-supplier communications (such as directions, images, menus, and updates) to people's cell phones and tablets. Hurd said of using Doddle: in addition to conserving paper, "It's also easier, and it's better for security. People are less likely to leave their smartphone or tablet lying around for someone else to pick up."[73][74]

text: Hurd describes additional steps taken to increase efficiency and cut production costs: "If you use vehicles that get better gas mileage, that are electric or hybrids, you're going to pay a lot less in fuel. If you use compact fluorescent bulbs, you're going to save a lot of money in utilities. If you recycle even your own sets, and use them again, that's going to save money. You don't have to buy new lumber. So there are cost savings, absolutely."[73] Additionally, the production team aims to reduce vehicle idling, which decreases carbon dioxide emissions.[73][74][75]

text: Hurd also cuts down on plastic waste by personally using a refillable, stainless steel EcoUsable water bottle and promoting its use among her colleagues. She shared: "on a lot of my projects I give them as crew gifts before we start production, and have water stations available, but you can't force people to use them."[73]

text: Franchise and spin-offs

text: Webisodes

text: To date, three web series based on The Walking Dead have been released via AMC's website–Torn Apart (2011), Cold Storage (2012), and The Oath (2013).[76]

text: Motion comic

text: In 2011, AMC debuted an animated comic book version of The Walking Dead novel's beginning, featuring the voice of actor Phil LaMarr.[77]

text: Talking Dead

text: A live after-show titled Talking Dead premiered on AMC on October 16, 2011, following the encore presentation of The Walking Dead's season two premiere. Talking Dead features host Chris Hardwick discussing the latest episode with fans, actors, and producers of The Walking Dead.[78]

text: Fear the Walking Dead

text: Fear the Walking Dead is a companion series to The Walking Dead, developed by AMC. AMC started development of the show around September 2013 and committed to a two-season broadcast by March 2015.[79][17][80] Fear the Walking Dead was first broadcast on August 23, 2015,[18] and is renewed for a fourth season.

text: Fear the Walking Dead features a different set of characters, developed by Kirkman. The series starts at the onset of the zombie apocalypse, and follows several people that escape Los Angeles as the military attempts to quarantine the city, and seek refuge along the west coast of the United States and Mexico. The fourth season of Fear the Walking Dead will feature a crossover with The Walking Dead, specifically through the character Morgan Jones (played by Lennie James) during events between the first and second second of The Walking Dead.[81][82]

text: Parodies and spoofs

text: Due to its popularity, The Walking Dead has inspired dozens of parodies and spoofs featured on YouTube channels like Bad Lip Reading and TV shows such as Saturday Night Live[83][84][85] and Mad TV.[86] Bad Lip Reading made a widely viewed parody involving Rick and the Governor, entitled "La-Bibbida-Bibba-Dum".[87] The series' cast was shown the parody at the San Diego Comic-Con in 2013, and David Morrissey—who portrays the Governor— reacted by saying he now understood why so many people would walk up to him on the street and blurt, "Hey, La-Bibbida-Bibba-Dum!". Until seeing the video, he had wondered, "what's wrong with these people?"[88] The Walking Dead has also been represented as a live comedy performance by English comedian Dan Willis at the Edinburgh Festival.[89]

text: Release

text: Scenes from the pilot were screened July 23, 2010, as part of the San Diego Comic-Con in 2010.[90] It premiered on AMC on October 31, 2010, and premiered internationally on Fox International Channels during the first week of November.[7][8] Almost two weeks before the official premiere on AMC, the pilot episode leaked online.[91]

text: International broadcast rights for the show were sold and announced on June 14, 2010.[92] The show airs on Fox International Channels in 126 countries in 33 languages. The fifth season debuted its first part on October 13, 2014.[93] The second part premiered on February 9, 2015.[94]

text: Home media

text: The season 1 DVD and Blu-ray was released on March 8, 2011.[95] A three-disc special edition of the first season—featuring new featurettes and audio commentaries—was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 4, 2011.[96] The European versions of the first season DVD and Blu-ray are edited for gore, with cuts to episode two ("Guts"),[97] episode three ("Tell It to the Frogs"),[98] episode four ("Vatos")[99] and episode five ("Wildfire").[100] Until eOne/WVG re-released the first season in D-A-CH in a Special Uncut Version on DVD and Blu-ray on May 31, 2013.[101]

text: The season 2 DVD and Blu-ray was released on August 28, 2012. It was also released as a limited edition Blu-ray, packaged as a miniature zombie head designed by McFarlane Toys. Special features include audio commentaries, deleted scenes, webisodes, and several featurettes.[102]

text: The season 3 DVD and Blu-ray was released on August 27, 2013. It was also released as a limited edition Blu-ray, packaged as a miniature version of the Governor's zombie head aquarium tank designed by Greg Nicotero and sculpted by McFarlane Toys. Special features include audio commentaries, deleted scenes, and several featurettes.[103]

text: The season 4 DVD and Blu-ray was released on August 26, 2014. It was also released as a limited edition Blu-ray, packaged with a tree-walker designed by McFarlane Toys. Special features include audio commentaries, deleted scenes, and several featurettes, as well as extended episodes which are exclusive to the Blu-ray.[104]

text: The season 5 DVD and Blu-ray was released on August 25, 2015.[105]

text: Syndication

text: MyNetworkTV acquired the broadcast syndication rights to the series, premiering on October 1, 2014.[106] The version that airs on MyNetworkTV is edited to meet broadcast television standards.[107]

text: Reception

text: Critical reception

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

1
89% (24 reviews)[108]
82 (25 reviews)[109]

2
83% (22 reviews)[110]
80 (22 reviews)[111]

3
89% (32 reviews)[112]
82 (19 reviews)[113]

4
86% (30 reviews)[114]
75 (16 reviews)[115]

5
90% (31 reviews)[116]
80 (11 reviews)[117]

6
78% (23 reviews)[118]
79 (10 reviews)[119]

7
60% (11 reviews)[120]
N/A

8
69% (14 reviews)[121]
N/A

text: All seasons of The Walking Dead have been well reviewed by recognized critics, with an 89% approval rating for the series to date on Rotten Tomatoes.[14] For the first season, 24 Rotten Tomatoes critics gave it a positive review, with an average score of 7.49/10. That site's consensus states, "Blood-spattered, emotionally resonant, and white-knuckle intense, The Walking Dead puts an intelligent spin on the overcrowded zombie subgenre."[108] Metacritic scored the first season 82/100 based on 25 critic reviews, 23 of which were positive, two mixed, and none negative.[109] Heather Havrilesky of Salon.com included the show on their list of 9 new TV shows not to miss, giving it a grade of "A", with the author saying, "A film-quality drama series about zombies? Somebody pinch me!"[122]

text: For the second season, 83% of 22 critic reviews on Rotten Tomatoes were positive, with an average score of 8.09/10. The site's consensus states, "The second season of The Walking Dead fleshes out the characters while maintaining the grueling tension and gore that made the show a hit."[110] Of 22 Metacritic critic reviews, 18 were positive, four were mixed, and none were negative; their average score was 80/100.[111] Early criticism of the show focused on the slow pace of the second season, particularly the first half. Ken Tucker of Entertainment Weekly, described the series as "a nighttime soap", comparing it to "a parody of a Samuel Beckett play" that had very little sense of direction and few appearances of walkers.[123] Nate Rawlings of Time's online entertainment section noted that "the pace during the first half of this season has been brutally slow. [...] They've tried to develop individual characters, but each subplot meant to add a layer to a character has been quickly resolved."[124] Later reviews from other critics, such as Scott Wampler of Collider.com, recognized the increased quality of the second half, stating it "seemed far more intense, more interesting, better written".[125] Recognizing the overall season, Kevin Yeoman of Screen Rant offered praise saying "the writers succeeded in unshackling themselves from the intermittent monotony brought about by the serial nature of the show".[126]

text: The third season had 89% of Rotten Tomatoes' 32 critics giving it a positive review, with an average score of 8.12/10. The site's consensus states, "The palpable terror and visceral thrills continue in the third season of The Walking Dead, along with a deeper sense of the people who inhabit its apocalyptic landscape."[112] Metacritic's 19 critics rated the season 82/100, all of whom gave a positive review.[113] Verne Gay of Newsday claimed that the season 3 premiere "doesn't disappoint" going on to say that there are "spots where you will yell out at the screen, 'Oh, my God, that just didn't happen.' Yes, the new season is that good", concluding his review by giving the season an A+ rating.[127]

text: For season four, 86% of Rotten Tomatoes' 30 critic reviews were positive, with an average score of 7.66/10. The site's consensus states, "Consistently thrilling, with solid character development and enough gore to please grindhouse fans, this season of The Walking Dead continues to demonstrate why it's one of the best horror shows on television".[114] Metacritic scored the season 75/100 based on 16 critic reviews, 13 of which were positive, three mixed, and none negative.[115]

text: The fifth season had 90% of Rotten Tomatoes' 31 critic reviews rating it positively, with an average score of 7.88/10. The site's consensus states, "Thanks to a liberal dose of propulsive, bloody action and enough compelling character moments to reward longtime fans, The Walking Dead's fifth season continues to deliver top-notch entertainment."[116] Metacritic scored the fifth season 80/100 based on 11 critic reviews, all of which were positive.[117]

text: For season six, 78% of Rotten Tomatoes' 23 critic reviews were positive, with an average score of 7.35/10. The site's consensus states, "Six seasons in, The Walking Dead is still finding ways to top itself, despite slow patches that do little to advance the plot."[118] Metacritic scored the sixth season 79/100 based on 10 critic reviews, nine of which were positive, one mixed, and none negative.[119]

text: For the seventh season, 60% of Rotten Tomatoes' 11 critic reviews rated it positively, with an average score of 6.97/10. The site's consensus is, "Increased character depth and effective world-building helps The Walking Dead overcome a tiresome reliance on excessive, gratuitous violence."[120]

text: Ratings

text: The Walking Dead has the highest total viewership of any series in cable television history, including its third through sixth seasons, during which it averaged the most 18- to 49-year-old viewers of all cable or broadcast television shows.[9][10][11] Total viewership for its season five premiere was 17.3 million, the most-watched series episode in cable history.[128] In 2016, a New York Times study of the 50 TV shows with the most Facebook Likes found that like most other zombie shows, The Walking Dead "is most popular in rural areas, particularly southern Texas and eastern Kentucky".[129]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Sunday 10:00 pm
6
October 31, 2010 (2010-10-31)
5.35[130]
December 5, 2010 (2010-12-05)
5.97[131]
5.24[132]

2
Sunday 9:00 pm
13
October 16, 2011 (2011-10-16)
7.26[133]
March 18, 2012 (2012-03-18)
8.99[134]
6.90[135]

3
16
October 14, 2012 (2012-10-14)
10.87[136]
March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31)
12.40[137]
10.40[138]

4
16
October 13, 2013 (2013-10-13)
16.11[139]
March 30, 2014 (2014-03-30)
15.68[140]
13.30[141]

5
16
October 12, 2014 (2014-10-12)
17.30[128]
March 29, 2015 (2015-03-29)
15.78[142]
14.40[143]

6
16
October 11, 2015 (2015-10-11)
14.63[144]
April 3, 2016 (2016-04-03)
14.19[145]
13.15[146]

7
16
October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
17.03[147]
April 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)
11.31[148]
11.34[149]

8
16
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
11.44[150]
TBA
TBD
TBD

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13
Ep. 14
Ep. 15
Ep. 16
Average

1
5.35
4.71
5.07
4.75
5.56
5.97
N/A
5.24

2
7.26
6.70
6.10
6.29
6.12
6.08
6.62
8.10
6.89
7.04
6.77
6.89
8.99
N/A
6.91[151]

3
10.97
9.55
10.51
9.27
10.37
9.21
10.43
10.48
12.26
11.05
11.01
11.30
11.46
10.84
10.99
12.42
10.75[151]

4
16.11
13.95
12.92
13.31
12.20
12.00
11.29
12.05
15.76
13.34
13.12
12.61
12.65
12.87
13.47
15.68
13.33[152]

5
17.30
15.14
13.80
14.52
13.53
14.07
13.33
14.81
15.64
12.27
13.44
14.43
14.53
13.78
13.76
15.78
14.38[153]

6
14.63
12.18
13.14
13.34
12.44
12.87
13.22
13.98
13.74
13.48
12.79
12.81
12.53
12.67
12.38
14.19
13.15[154]

7
17.03
12.46
11.72
11.40
11.00
10.40
10.48
10.58
12.00
11.08
10.43
10.16
10.68
10.32
10.54
11.31
11.35[155]

8
11.44
8.92
8.52
8.69
7.85
8.28
7.47
7.89
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Awards and nominations

text: The Walking Dead was nominated for Best New Series by the Writers Guild of America Awards 2011[15] and Best Television Series Drama by the 68th Golden Globe Awards.[16] The show was named one of the top 10 television programs of 2010 by the American Film Institute Awards 2010.[157] For the 37th Saturn Awards, the series received six nominations—for Best Television Presentation, Andrew Lincoln for Best Actor in Television, Sarah Wayne Callies for Best Actress on Television, Steven Yeun for Best Supporting Actor in Television, Laurie Holden for Best Supporting Actress in Television, and Noah Emmerich for Best Guest Starring Role in Television.[158] The series was nominated for Best Drama Series by the inaugural 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards.[159] The pilot episode "Days Gone Bye" received three nominations from the 63rd Primetime Emmy Awards—for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Series and Outstanding Special Visual Effects for a Series[160] and won for Outstanding Prosthetic Makeup for a Series, Miniseries, Movie, or Special.[161] For the 41st Saturn Awards, the series received its highest number of nominations, with a total of seven, including for the show itself, Andrew Lincoln for Best Actor on Television, Norman Reedus for Best Supporting Actor on Television, Emily Kinney and Melissa McBride for Best Supporting Actress on Television, Andrew J. West for Best Guest Star on Television, and Chandler Riggs for Best Young Performer on Television.[162]

text: Lawsuits

text: Darabont's departure as showrunner in July 2011 during the second season came as surprise to many, as it came shortly after the season's premiere and a few days after that year's Comic-Con, where Darabont helped to promote the show.[163] It was speculated that he was unable to adjust to the schedule of running a television series.[47] However, The Hollywood Reporter reported that AMC had fired him. There had been reported difficulties in the production of the second season, including disputes over planned budget cuts and executive meddling, and it was known that Darabont and AMC had several discussions relating to these factors. However, neither Darabont, AMC, nor the cast nor crew of The Walking Dead spoke about the reasons for his firing.[164]

text: In December 2013, Darabont and his agents from Creative Artists Agency (CAA) filed a lawsuit against AMC in a New York court, citing breach of contract. A central part of Darabont's lawsuit accuses AMC of denying him and the CAA the promised profits from the success of the series, based on how AMC had used vertical integration in producing and distributing The Walking Dead.[163] As stated in Darabont's filing, he had initially entered into a contract with AMC to have a third-party studio produce the show, from which he would have obtained 12.5% of that entity's profits, after standard deductions. AMC wanted to produce the show in-house, and for the first season, Darabont's lawyers had been assured that Darabont would be protected from self-dealing fees by having AMC commit to imputed license fees equivalent to those of other independent studios, with Darabont earning profit from that. Darabont's suit contends that when the show's popularity took off, AMC presented a license fee deal to Darabont around February 2011 that used "an unconscionably low license fee formula" such that AMC could report the show running at a loss and ensuring that Darabont would never see any profit from the show; as an example, the suit references statements in 2012, following Season 2, that AMC claimed the show was running at a $49 million deficit, despite being one of the most popular shows in broadcast.[163] Darabont's suit contends he was fired just at the start of the Season 2 so that AMC would avoid having to pay him.[163]

text: Initial discovery phase hearings were held in 2014. Darabont's lawyers sought to gain information from AMC on their other shows, specifically Breaking Bad and Mad Men, to obtain a "fair market value" for The Walking Dead. AMC asserted it had done no wrongdoing, had already paid Darabont $3 million upfront for two seasons, and was able to properly set the imputed license fee that worked into the profit formula for Darabont. The network resisted the request to provide otherwise confidential information on the other shows.[165] The court granted Darabont's lawyers access to the requested information as part of the discovery phase.[166] Darabont described "crisis-level problems" during the show's production while under deposition, claiming that AMC had cut the per-episode budget from $3.4 million to $3 million while keeping the tax credit offered by the state of Georgia for filming there, effectively reducing the production budget by 25%.[167]

text: In August 2015, Darabont requested to amend his original complaint that AMC further reduced his profits from Season 2 as his firing mid-season meant he was not fully vested in the season, allowing AMC to reduce the profits paid him. Darabont's amended request points out that he had written and produced all the episodes in that season already and was entitled to the proper profit share.[168] The judge granted this amendment in February 2016, partially influenced by concerns raised in Darabont's deposition.[169]

text: At the end of the discovery phase in September 2016, Darabont's lawyers stated they are seeking damages of over $280 million; AMC stated they will "vigorously" defend against the lawsuit. If the case does go to trial, it is expected to occur during 2018.[170] Summary judgement statements were completed in July 2017, with the judge expected to rule in August.[171]

text: In August 2017, Robert Kirkman, Gale Anne Hurd, Charles Eglee, Glen Mazzara and David Alpert filed similar lawsuits against AMC, citing breach of contract over profits owed to them as a result of AMC's vertical integration. As with Darabont, each had been given a certain percentage of the show's profits based on if the show was produced by a third-party, but when it was transitioned to AMC Studios, their share was dramatically reduced. The Hollywood Reporter estimated that if the four seek similar damages as Darabont, the lawsuit could be as high as $1 billion.[172] The suits, filed separately in Los Angeles and New York City, will be consolidated into a single case to be heard in a California court.[173] Kirkman and the others said that despite the lawsuit, they will continue to work as "partners" with AMC to assure continued success of The Walking Dead and its spinoff series.[174]


document_title: Cecum

question_text: where does the small intestine join the colon

root

text: Cecum

text: Structure[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The cecum and appendix are formed by the enlargement of the postarterial segment of the midgut loop. The proximal part of the bud grows rapidly to form the cecum. The lateral wall of the cecum grows much more rapidly than the medial wall, with the result that the point of attachment of the appendix comes to lie on the medial side.[citation needed]

tag: p

text: History[edit]

text: Etymology[edit]

text: The term cecum comes from the Latin caecum, literally "blind", here in the sense "blind gut" or "cul de sac".[citation needed]

text: In dissections by the Greek philosophers, the connection between the ileum of the small intestines and the cecum was not fully understood. Most of the studies of the digestive tract were done on animals and the results were compared to human structures.[citation needed]

text: The junction between the small intestine and the colon, called the ileocecal valve, is so small in some animals that it was not considered to be a connection between the small and large intestines. During a dissection, the colon could be traced from the rectum, to the sigmoid colon, through the descending, transverse, and ascending sections. The cecum is an end point for the colon with a dead-end portion terminating with the appendix.[2]

text: The connection between the end of the small intestine (ileum) and the start (as viewed from the perspective of food being processed) of the colon (cecum) is now clearly understood, and is called the ileocolic orifice. The connection between the end of the cecum and the beginning of the ascending colon is called the cecocolic orifice.

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: A cecal carcinoid tumor is a carcinoid tumor of the cecum. An appendiceal carcinoid tumor (a carcinoid tumor of the appendix) is sometimes found next to a cecal carcinoid.[citation needed]

text: In animals[edit]

text: A cecum is present in most amniote species, and also in lungfish, but not in any living species of amphibian. In reptiles, it is usually a single median structure, arising from the dorsal side of the large intestine. Birds typically have two paired ceca, as, unlike other mammals, do hyraxes.[3] Parrots do not have ceca.[4]

text: Most mammalian herbivores have a relatively large cecum, hosting a large number of bacteria, which aid in the enzymatic breakdown of plant materials such as cellulose; in many species, it is considerably wider than the colon. In contrast, obligatory carnivores, whose diets contain little or no plant material, have a reduced cecum, which is often partially or wholly replaced by the appendix.[3] Mammalian species which do not develop a cecum include raccoons, bears, and the red panda. Over 99% of the bacteria in the gut flora are anaerobes,[5][6][7][8][9] but in the cecum, aerobic bacteria reach high densities.[5]

text: Many fish have a number of small outpocketings, called pyloric ceca, along their intestine; despite the name they are not homologous with the cecum of amniotes, and their purpose is to increase the overall area of the digestive epithelium.[3] Some invertebrates, such as squid,[10] may also have structures with the same name, but these have no relationship with those of vertebrates.

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Illustration of the large intestine

Diagram of human gastrointestinal tract

Cecum and ileum

Ileo-cecal valve

Cecum

Ileocecal orifice

Location of McBurney's point (#1)

The superior mesenteric artery and its branches

Arteries of cecum and vermiform process

Inferior ileocecal fossa

Interior of the cecum and lower end of ascending colon, showing colic valve

Topography of thoracic and abdominal viscera

Endoscopic image of cecum with arrow pointing to ileocecal valve in foreground

tag: ul


document_title: List of Latin phrases (V)

question_text: how do you say long live in latin

question_tokens: how do you say long live in latin

text: List of Latin phrases (V)

text: This page lists English translations of notable Latin phrases, such as veni vidi vici and et cetera. Some of the phrases are themselves translations of Greek phrases, as Greek rhetoric and literature reached its peak centuries before the rise of ancient Rome.

text: List of Latin phrases

text:
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
X
Y
Z
full

text:
Latin
Translation
Notes

vacate et scire
Be still and know.
Motto of the University of Sussex.

vade ad formicam
go to the ant
From the Vulgate, Proverbs 6:6. The full quotation translates as "Go to the ant, you sluggard; consider its ways and be wise!"[Pro 6:6]

vade mecum
go with me
A vade-mecum or vademecum is an item one carries around, especially a handbook.

vade retro Satana
go back, Satan
An exhortation to Satan to be gone, often a Roman Catholic response to temptation. From a popular Medieval Roman Catholic exorcism formula, derived from the rebuke of Jesus Christ to St. Peter, as quoted in the Vulgate, Mark 8:33: vade retro me Satana ("get behind Me, Satan").[Mark 8:33] The phrase "vade retro" ("go back") is also in Terence's Formio, I, 4, 203.

valenter volenter
strongly and willingly
Motto of HMS Valorous (L00)

vae victis
woe to the conquered
Attributed by Livy to Brennus, the chief of the Gauls, stated with his demand for more gold from the citizens of the sacked city of Rome in 390 BC.

vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas
vanity of vanities; everything [is] vanity
Or more simply: "vanity, vanity, everything vanity". From the Vulgate, Ecclesiastes 1:2;12:8.

vaticinium ex eventu
prophecy from the event
A purported prediction stated as if it was made before the event it describes, while in fact being made thereafter.

vel non
or not
Summary of alternatives, e. g., "this action turns upon whether the claimant was the deceased's grandson vel non."

velle est posse
to be willing is to be able
Non-literally, "where there is a will, there is a way". It is the motto of Hillfield, one of the founding schools of Hillfield Strathallan College.

velocius quam asparagi coquantur
faster than asparagus can be cooked
Or simply "faster than cooking asparagus". Ascribed to Augustus by Suetonius in The Twelve Caesars, Book 2 (Augustus), para. 87. It refers to anything done very quickly. A very common variant is celerius quam asparagi cocuntur ("faster than asparagus [is] cooked").

velut arbor aevo
as a tree with the passage of time
Motto of the University of Toronto, Canada.

veni, vidi, vici
I came, I saw, I conquered
The message supposedly sent by Julius Caesar to the Roman Senate to describe his battle against King Pharnaces II of Pontus near Zela in 47 BC.

venturis ventis
to the coming winds
Motto of Brasília, the capital of Brazil.

vera causa
true cause

verba docent exempla trahunt
words instruct, illustrations lead
This refers to the relevance of illustrations, for example in preaching.

verba ex ore
words from mouth
Taking the words out of someone’s mouth, speaking exactly what the other colloquist wanted to say.

verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat quam pereat
words are to be understood such that the subject matter may be more effective than wasted
I. e., when explaining a subject, it is important to clarify rather than confuse.

verba vana aut risui non loqui
not to speak words in vain or to start laughter
A Roman Catholic religious precept, being Rule 56 of the Rule of Saint Benedict.

verba volant, scripta manent
words fly away, writings remain
Quotation from a famous speech of Caius Titus in the ancient Roman Senate.

verbatim
word for word
The phrase refers to perfect transcription or quotation.

verbatim et literatim
word for word and letter by letter

Verbi Divini minister
servant of the Divine Word
A phrase denoting a priest. Cf. "Verbum Dei" infra.

verbi gratia(v. gr. or v. g.)
for example
Literally, "for the sake of a word".

Verbum Dei
Word of God
See religious text.

verbum Domini lucerna pedibus nostris
The word of the Lord [is] a light for our feet
Motto of the University of Groningen.

verbum Domini manet in aeternum (VDMA)
the word of the Lord endures forever
Motto of the Lutheran Reformation.

verb. sap.verbum sap.
a word to the wise [is sufficient]
A phrase denoting that the listener can fill in the omitted remainder, or enough is said. It is the truncation of "verbum sapienti sat[is] est".

verbum volitans
flying word
A word that floats in the air, on which everyone is thinking and is just about to be imposed.[citation needed]

veritas
truth
A motto of the Roman Catholic Order of Preachers, and the motto of many educational institutions, including Harvard University (albeit truncated), Cabra Dominican College, and Bishop Lynch High School.

veritas aequitas
truth [and] justice

veritas, bonitas, pulchritudo, sanctitas
truth, goodness, beauty, [and] sanctity
Motto of Fu Jen Catholic University, Taiwan.

veritas Christo et ecclesiae
truth for Christ and church
The de iure motto of Harvard University, United States, which dates to its foundation; it is often shortened to veritas to remove its original religious meaning.

veritas cum libertate
truth with liberty
Motto of Winthrop University.

veritas curat
truth cures
Motto of Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research.

veritas Dei vincit
the truth of God conquers
Motto of the Hussites.

veritas Domini manet in aeternum
the truth of the Lord remains for eternity

veritas et fortitudo
truth and fortitude
One of the mottos of the Lyceum of the Philippines University.

veritas et virtus
truth and virtue
Motto of the University of Pittsburgh, Methodist University, and Mississippi College.

veritas, fides, sapientia
truth, faith, [and] wisdom
Motto of Dowling Catholic High School.

veritas in caritate
truth in charity
Motto of Bishop Wordsworth's School and St Munchin's College.

veritas, iustitia, libertas
truth, justice, [and] liberty
Motto of the Free University of Berlin.

veritas liberabit vos
truth shall liberate you
Motto of Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan.

veritas lux mea
truth [is] my light
A common, non-literal translation is "truth enlightens me". The motto of Seoul National University, South Korea.

veritas numquam perit
truth never expires
Authored by Seneca the Younger.

veritas odit moras
truth hates delay
Authored by Seneca the Younger.

veritas omnia vincit
truth conquers all
A quotation from a letter of Jan Hus. The motto of Carncot Independent School for Girls and Boys; Wilfrid Laurier University, Ontario, Canada; Satyameva Jayate; and the Triangle Fraternity.

veritas, unitas, caritas
truth, unity, [and] love
Motto of Villanova University, United States.

veritas vincit
truth conquers
Cf. "veritas omnia vincit" supra. It is the motto on the standard of the Presidents of Czechoslovakia and the Czech Republic, and of the Scottish Clan Keith.

Veritas. Virtus. Libertas.
Truth. Virtue. Liberty.
Motto of the University of Szeged, Hungary.

veritas vitæ magistra
truth is the teacher of life
Another plausible translation is "truth is the mistress of life". It is the unofficial motto of the University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras and is inscribed in its tower.

veritas vos liberabit
truth will liberate you [all]
Motto of Johns Hopkins University, United States.

veritate duce progredi
advancing with truth leading
Motto of the University of Arkansas, Arkansas, United States.

[in] veritate et caritate
in truth and charity
Motto of Catholic Junior College, Singapore; St. Xavier's School, and Hazaribagh, India.

veritate et virtute
with truth and virtue
The motto of Sydney Boys High School. It is alternatively rendered "virtute et veritate" ("with virtue and truth"), which is the motto of Walford Anglican School for Girls and Pocklington School.

veritatem dilexi
I esteemed truth
Alternatively, "I loved truth". It is the motto of Bryn Mawr College.

veritatem fratribus testari
to bear witness to truth in fraternity
Motto of Xaverian Brothers High School.

veritatem cognoscere
to know truth
Motto of the Clandestine Service of the United States Central Intelligence Agency.

vero nihil verius
nothing [is] truer than truth
Motto of Mentone Girls' Grammar School.

vero possumus
yes, we can
A variation of the campaign slogan of then-Senator Barack Obama, which was superimposed on a variation of the Great Seal of the United States during the US presidential campaign of 2008.[1]

versus (vs) or (v.)
towards
Literally, "in the direction [of]". It is erroneously used in English for "against", probably as the truncation of "adversus", especially in reference to two opponents, e. g., the parties to litigation or a sports match.

vestigia nulla retrorsum
Never a backward step
Motto of Wanganui Collegiate School.

veto
I forbid
The word denotes the right to unilaterally forbid or void a specific proposal, especially legislation. It is derived from ancient Roman voting procedures.

vexata quaestio
vexed question
Latin legal phrase denoting a question that is often debated or considered, but is not generally settled, such that contrary answers may be held by different persons.

vexilla regis prodeunt inferni
forth go the banners of the king of Hell
Authored by Dante Alighieri in Canto XXXIV of the Inferno, the phrase is an allusion to and play upon the Latin Easter hymn Vexilla Regis. The phrase is repeatedly referenced in the works of Walter M. Miller, Jr..

vi coactus
under constraint
A legal phrase regarding contracts that indicates agreement made under duress.

vi et animo
with heart and soul
Alternatively, "strength and courage". It is the motto of the Ascham School and on the coat of arms of the McCulloch Clan.

vi veri universum vivus vici
by the power of truth, I, while living, have conquered the universe
Magickal motto of Aleister Crowley.

via
by the road/way
The word denotes "by way of" or "by means of", e. g., "I will contact you via email".

via media
middle road/way
This phrase describes a compromise between two extremes or the radical center political position.

via, veritas, vita
the Way, the Truth, [and] the Life
The words of Jesus Christ in John 14:6. It is the motto of many institutions, including Glasgow University, Scotland, United Kingdom.

viam sapientiae monstrabo tibi
I will show you the way of wisdom
The motto of DePaul University.

vice
in place of
The word refers to one who acts in the place of another. It is used as a separate word or as a hyphenated prefix, e. g., "Vice President" and "Vice-Chancellor".

vice versaversa vice
with position turned
For other uses, see Vice Versa (disambiguation).Thus, "the other way around", "conversely", et cetera. Historically and in British English, "vice" is pronounced as two syllables, but in American English the singular syllable pronunciation is almost universal. Classical Latin pronunciation dictates that the letter "c" is only a hard sound, like "k", thus vee-keh vehr-sah.  Moreover, it also dictates that the letter "v", when consonantal, represents /w/; i. e. in classical times, the "v" was pronounced like the modern "w"; hence wee-keh wehr-sah.[2]

victoria aut mors
victory or death
Similar to "aut vincere aut mori".

victoria concordia crescit
victory comes from harmony
The official motto of Arsenal F.C.

victrix causa diis placuit sed victa Catoni
the victorious cause pleased the gods, but the conquered cause pleased Cato
Authored by Lucan in Pharsalia, 1, 128. The dedicatory inscription on the south face of the Confederate Memorial in Arlington National Cemetery, Virginia, United States.

vide
"see" or "refer to"
The word is used in scholarly citations.

vide infra (v. i.)
see below
The word is used in scholarly works.

vide supra (v. s.)
see above
The word is used in scholarly works to refer to previous text in the same document. It is sometimes truncated to "supra".

videlicet (viz.)
"namely", "that is to say", or "as follows"
A contraction of "videre licet" ("it is permitted to see"), vide infra.

video et taceo
I see and keep silent
The motto of Queen Elizabeth I of England.

video meliora proboque deteriora sequor
I see and approve of the better, but I follow the worse
From the Metamorphoses Book 7, 20-1 of Ovid, being a summary of the experience of akrasia.

video sed non credo
I see it, but I do not believe it
The statement of Caspar Hofmann (de) after being shown proof of the circulatory system by William Harvey.

videre licet
"it is permitted to see" or "one may see"
The phrase is used in scholarship.

vim promovet insitam
promotes one's innate power
Motto of the University of Bristol, derived from Horace, Ode 4, 4.

vince malum bono
overcome evil with good
A partial quotation of Romans 12:21. A motto of Old Swinford Hospital and Bishop Cotton School in Shimla.

vincere est vivere
to conquer is to live
Motto of Captain John Smith.

vincere scis Hannibal victoria uti nescis
you know [how] to win, Hannibal; you do not know [how] to use victory
According to Livy, a colonel in the cavalry stated this to Hannibal after victory in the Battle of Cannae in 216 BC, meaning that Hannibal should have marched on Rome immediately.

vincit omnia veritas
truth conquers all
University of Mindanao

vincit qui patitur
he conquers who endures
First attributed to the Roman scholar and satirst Persius. It is frequently used as a motto.

vincit qui se vincit
he (she) conquers who conquers himself (herself)
Motto of many educational institutions, including the Philadelphia High School for Girls and North Sydney Boys High School. It is alternatively rendered as "bis vincit qui se vincit" ("he (she) who prevails over himself (herself) is twice victorious"). It is also the motto of the Beast in Disney's film Beauty and the Beast, as seen inscribed in the castle's stained glass window near the beginning of the film.

vinculum juris
the chain of the law
The phrase denotes that a thing is legally binding. "A civil obligation is one which has a binding operation in law, vinculum juris." (Bouvier's Law Dictionary (1856), "Obligation")

vinum et musica laetificant cor
wine and music gladden the heart
Asterix and Caesar's Gift; it is a variation of "vinum bonum laetificat cor hominis".

vinum regum, rex vinorum
the wine of kings, the king of wines
The phrase describes Hungarian Tokaji wine, and is attributed to King Louis XIV of France.

viperam sub ala nutricare
a viper nursed at the bosom
A caveat regarding trusting someone against his inherent nature; the moral of Aesop's fable The Farmer and the Viper.

vir prudens non contra ventum mingit
[a] wise man does not urinate [up] against the wind

vir quisque vir
every man a man
Motto of the US collegiate fraternity Lambda Chi Alpha.

Vires acquirit eundo
she gathers strength as she goes
A quotation from Vergil's Aeneid, Book 4, 175, which in the original context refers to Pheme. The motto on the Coat of arms of Melbourne.

Viribus Unitis
with united forces
Motto of the house of Habsburg-Lorraine.

virile agitur
the manly thing is being done
The motto of Knox Grammar School.

viriliter age
"act manfully" or "act courageously"
The motto of Marist College Ashgrove and other institutions.

viriliter agite
act in a manly way
The motto of St Muredach's College and the PAREF Southridge School for Boys.

viriliter agite estote fortes
act manfully, be strong
The motto of Culford School.

virtus et labor
virtue and [hard] work
Motto of Don Bosco Liluah, India and St. Georges College, Mussoorie, India.

virtus et scientia
virtue and knowledge
A common motto, preeminently that of La Salle University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.

virtus in media stat
virtue stands in the middle
A principle derived from the ethical theory of Aristotle. Idiomatically, "good practice lies in the middle path" between two extremes. It is disputed whether "media" or "medio" is correct.

virtus junxit mors non separabit
that which virtue unites, let not death separate
Motto of the Masonic (Scottish Rite).

virtus laudata crescit
greatness increases with praise
Motto of the Berkhamsted School.

Virtus non stemma
valor, not garland
Motto of the Duke of Westminster, inscribed at his residence in Eaton, and the motto of Grosvenor Rowing Club and Harrow County School for Boys.

virtus sola nobilitas
virtue alone [is] noble
Motto of Christian Brothers College, St Kilda.

virtus tentamine gaudet
strength rejoices in the challenge
Motto of Hillsdale College, Michigan, United States.

virtus unita fortior
virtue united [is] stronger
State motto of Andorra.

Virtute duce
led by virtue
Motto of the Acciari family (it).

Virtute duce comite fortuna
led by virtue, accompanied by [good] fortune
Motto of the Institut d'études politiques de Lyon and the Accorretti family (it).

virtute et armis
by virtue and arms
Alternatively, "by manliness and weapons". The State motto of Mississippi, United States. The phrase was possibly derived from the motto of Lord Gray de Wilton, "virtute non armis fido" ("I trust in virtue, not in arms"). Alternatively it is rendered as "virtute et labore" ("by manliness and work"), which is the motto of Pretoria Boys High School.

virtute et industria
by virtue and industry
Motto of Bristol, United Kingdom.

virtute et veritate
by virtue and truth
Motto of Pocklington School.

vis legis
the power of the law

vis major
force majeure, superior force

visio dei
vision of a god

vita ante acta
a life done before
The phrase denotes a previous life, generally believed to be the result of reincarnation.

vita, dulcedo, spes
Mary, our] life, sweetness, [and] hope
The motto of the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, United States, which is derived from the Roman Catholic hymn to the Blessed Virgin Mary titled Salve Regina.

vita incerta, mors certissima
life is uncertain, death is most certain
More simply, "the most certain thing in life is death".

vita mutatur, non tollitur
life is changed, not taken away
The phrase is a quotation from the preface of the first Roman Catholic rite of the Mass for the Dead.

vita patris
during the life of the father
Hence the term "decessit vita patris" (d. v. p) or "died v. p.", which is seen in genealogical works such as Burke's Peerage.

vita summa brevis spem nos vetat incohare longam
the shortness of life prevents us from entertaining far-off hopes
This is a wistful refrain that is sometimes used ironically. It is derived from the first line of Horace's Ode 1. It was later used as the title of a short poem of Ernest Dowson.

vitai lampada tradunt
they hand on the torch of life
A quotation from the poem of Lucretius, De rerum natura, Book 2, 77-9. The ordinary spelling "vitae" in two syllables had to be changed to "vitaï" in three syllables to satisfy the requirements of the poem's dactylic hexameters. It is the motto of the Sydney Church of England Grammar School and others.

vitam amplificare hominibus hominesque societati
mankind [who] extends the life of the community
Motto of East Los Angeles College, California, United States.

viva voce
living voice
The phrase denotes an oral, as opposed to written, examination of a candidate.

vivat crescat floreat
may it live, grow, [and] flourish

vivat rex
may the king live
The acclamation is ordinary translated as "long live the king!". In the case of a female queen, "vivat regina" ("long live the queen").

vivat rex, curat lex
long live the king, guardian of the law
A curious translation of the pun on "vivat rex", found in Westerham parish church in Kent, England.

vive memor leti
live remembering death
Authored by Persius. Cf. "memento mori".

vive ut vivas
live so that you may live
The phrase suggests that one should live life to the fullest and without fear of the possible consequences.

vivere est cogitare
to live is to think
Authored by Cicero. Cf. "cogito ergo sum".

vivere militare est
to live is to fight
Authored by Seneca the Younger in Epistle 96, 5. Cf. the allegory of Miles Christianus based on "militia est vita hominis" from the Vulgate, Book of Job 7:1.

vocatus atque non vocatus Deus aderit
called and not called, God will be present
Alternatively, "called and even not called, God approaches". Attributed to the Oracle at Delphi. The motto of Carl Jung, and inscribed in his home and grave.

volenti non fit injuria
to one willing, no harm is done
Alternatively, "to him who consents, no harm is done". The principle is used in the law of torts and denotes that one can not be held liable for injuries inflicted on another who consented to the act that injured him.

volo non fugia
I fly but do not flee
The motto of HMS Venetia[3]

vos estis sal terrae
you are the salt of the earth
A famous biblical sentence proclaimed by Jesus Christ.

votum separatum
separate vow
The phrase denotes an independent, minority voice.

vox clamantis in deserto
the voice of one clamoring in the desert
Or traditionally, "the voice of one crying in the wilderness". A quotation of the Vulgate, Isaiah 40:3, and quoted by St. John the Baptist in Mark 1:3 and John 1:23). It is the motto of Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire, United States.

vox nihili
voice of nothing
The phrase denotes a useless or ambiguous statement.

vox populi
voice of the people
The phrase denotes a brief interview of a common person that is not previously arranged, e. g., an interview on a street. It is sometimes truncated to "vox pop."

vox populi, vox Dei
the voice of the people [is] the voice of God

vulpes pilum mutat, non mores
the fox changes his fur, not his habits

tag: table


document_title: Honda S2000

question_text: what kind of differential does an s2000 have

text: Honda S2000

text: Concept car[edit]

text: Introduced at the 1995 Tokyo Motor Show,[2][3] the Honda Sport Study Model concept car was the design study for the production S2000. The SSM was a rear-wheel-drive roadster powered by a 2.0 L (122 cu in) inline four-cylinder engine. It featured a rigid 'high X-bone frame' which Honda claimed improved the vehicle's rigidity and collision safety.[4] The concept car was constructed with aluminum body panels and featured a 50:50 weight distribution.[5]

text: The SSM appeared in many automotive shows for several years afterwards, hinting at the possibility of a production version, which Honda announced in 1999.

text: First generation (AP1 - 1999–2003)[edit]

text:
Honda S2000 (AP1)

Overview

Production
1999–2003

Assembly
Takanezawa R&D Plant, Takanezawa, Tochigi, Japan

Body and chassis

Class
Sports car, Roadster

Body style
2-door convertible

Powertrain

Engine
2.0L I-4 F20C

Transmission
6-speed manual

Dimensions

Wheelbase
2,400 mm (94.5 in)

Length
4,120 mm (162.2 in)

Width
1,750 mm (68.9 in)

Height
1,285 mm (50.6 in)

Curb weight
1,274 kg (2,809 lb)

text: The S2000 was introduced in 1999 for the 2000 model year and was given the chassis designation of "AP1". It features a front mid-engine, rear-wheel-drive layout with power delivered by a 1,997 cc (122 cu in) inline four-cylinder DOHC-VTEC engine. The engine (codenamed F20C) produces outputs of 177–184 kW (237–247 hp), and 208–218 N⋅m (153–161 lbf⋅ft) depending on the target market.[6] The engine is mated to a six-speed manual transmission and Torsen limited slip differential. The S2000 achieved what Honda claimed as the highest specific output normally aspirated production automobile engine in the world. The most powerful version; the JDM F20C was rated at 250 ps (247 hp) or 125 ps per L as a result of a higher 11.7:1 compression ratio.[7]

text: Features include independent double wishbone suspension, electrically assisted steering and integrated roll hoops. The car features 16 in (41 cm) wheels with Bridgestone Potenza S-02 tires. The compact and lightweight engine, mounted entirely behind the front axle, allow the S2000 to achieve a 50:50 front/rear weight distribution and lower rotational inertia. An electrically powered vinyl top with internal cloth lining was standard, with an aluminum hardtop available as an optional extra (in 2001). Honda offered Berlina Black, New Formula Red, Gran Prix White, Sebring Silver and Silverstone Metallic in the US domestic market.

text: The 2001 model was largely unchanged; Honda added a digital clock to the radio display and made the rear wind blocker standard. Honda also added Spa Yellow to the US domestic market lineup. For the 2002 model year, suspension settings were revised and the plastic rear window was replaced by a glass unit incorporating an electric defroster. Other updates included slightly revised tail lamps with chrome rings, an upgraded radio with separate tweeters, a leather gearshift knob, leatherette console cover and a revised engine control unit. Honda added Suzuka Blue to the US domestic market lineup.

text: The AP1 was manufactured up to 2003 at Honda's Takanezawa plant, alongside the Honda NSX and Honda Insight hybrid.[8]

text: Type V (Japan - 2000)[edit]

text: The Japanese domestic market received the Type V edition starting in mid-2000. It included variable gear ratio steering (VGS), a steering system that continuously changes steering ratio based upon vehicle speed and steering angle to provide improved handling. Honda announced the S2000 Type V on July 7, 2000 as the first system of its kind. The lock-to-lock steering ratio was reduced to 1.4 turns (stock is 2.4). Honda outfitted Type V cars with revised damper units, stabilizers and limited slip differentials to "complement the VGS". Equipped cars came with a special steering wheel and a VGS badge on the rear. [9] The Type V steering/handling package.

text: Second generation (known as "AP2" and in Europe as "AP1 facelift" - 2004–2009)[edit]

text:
Honda S2000

Overview

Production
2003–2009

Assembly
Suzuka Plant, Suzuka, Mie, Japan

text: The 2004 model S2000 underwent several significant changes. Production moved to Suzuka. The new model introduced 17 in (43 cm) wheels and Bridgestone RE-050 tires along with a retuned suspension to reduce oversteer. The spring rates and shock absorber damping were altered and the suspension geometry modified to improve stability by reducing toe-in changes under cornering loads. The subframe also received a revision in design to achieve a high rigidity. In the gearbox the brass synchronizers were replaced with carbon fiber. In addition, cosmetic changes were made to the exterior with new front and rear bumpers, revised headlight assemblies, new LED tail-lights, and oval-tipped exhausts. Although all the cosmetic, suspension and most drivetrain upgrades were included on the Japanese, Australian and European S2000s, they retained the 2.0l F20C engines and remained designated as AP1s.

text: For the North American market the updates also included the introduction of a larger version of the F20C (F22C1), this larger engine gave the chassis designation AP2. F22C1, the engine's stroke was lengthened, increasing its displacement to 2,157 cc (132 cu in). At the same time, the redline and fuel cutoff were reduced from 8,800 rpm and 9,000 rpm to 8,000 rpm and 8,200 rpm respectively, mandated by the longer travel of the pistons. Peak torque increased 6% to 220 N⋅m (160 lbf⋅ft) at 6,800 rpm while power output remained unchanged, 177 kW (237 hp) at a lower 7,800 rpm. In conjunction with its introduction of the F22C1, Honda also changed the transmission gear ratios by shortening the first five gears and lengthening the sixth.[10]

text: In 2006, the F22C1 was also introduced to the Japanese market, with an output of (178 kW (239 hp) and 221 N⋅m (163 lbf⋅ft)). The F20C continued in all other markets. The 2006 model introduced a drive by wire throttle, an electronic stability control system, new wheels, and one new exterior color, Laguna Blue Pearl. Interior changes included revised seats and additional stereo speakers integrated into the headrests.

text: Club Racer (U.S. - 2008)[edit]

text: The 2007 model year marked the first time the S2000 was offered in more than one trim level in the United States.[11] In addition to the base model, Honda offered a more track-oriented version of the S2000, distinguished by reduced weight, fewer amenities, and an increase in performance. The S2000 Club Racer made its world debut at the New York International Auto Show on 4 April 2007.[12] Changes for the CR included a lower ratio steering rack, revised exhaust system, black lug nuts, darker colored wheels, clear side markers, stiffer suspension and new Bridgestone Potenza RE070 tires that were wider at the rear; 245/40R-17 to 255/40R-17. A revised body kit, composed of a redesigned front lip, and a large spoiler, were wind-tunnel tested and claimed to reduce the overall coefficient of lift by 70–80%. The power folding soft top was removed and replaced with additional chassis bracing topped off with a tonneau cover, while the hard top, optional on other models, became a standard feature on the CR. Honda also revised the shift knob over the base with an exclusive spherical aluminum shift knob that rests 12.6 mm lower for a 6 percent reduction in shift stroke compared to the conventional S2000 cylindrical shift knob (aluminum/leather wrapped). Conversely, the shift load effort increased by 10 percent with the new design.

text: CR models were only available with yellow and black alcantara interiors. Additionally the CR interior has faux carbon fiber overlays on the center console and radio door and a peak power indicator light on the instrument gauge cluster that flashes when the engine is producing its peak power output. Finally, in an effort to reduce weight and lower the center of gravity, the spare tire was omitted and air conditioning and stereo were offered only as options. Net weight savings without the additional hardtop came to 41 kg (90 lb) relative to the standard model. The engine in the S2000 CR was unchanged from the standard trim.[13][14] Shigeru Uehara, the designer of the S2000, stated that the CR was positioned between the Type S and a hypothetical Type R.[15] Honda has never made an official Type R for the S2000.

text: Production volume of fewer than 2,000 units was expected however the final number produced was 699 for the combined 2008 and 2009 model years. The production numbers were broken down as follows; Apex Blue Pearl: 200 (21 delete models) Rio Yellow Pearl: 140 (20 delete models) Berlina Black: 269 (10 delete models) Grand Prix White: 90 (8 delete models) for a total 699 (668 for 2008, 31 for 2009). Honda continued to offer both the standard and CR versions unchanged for the 2009 model year.

text: Type S (Japan - 2008)[edit]

text: The Japanese domestic market received the Type S edition for the last two years of production (2008–2009). Changes are similar to the U.S. market's CR edition, sharing the weight loss, a purpose built bodykit providing much higher downforce, bespoke wheels and interior. Although it shares the wheels with the CR edition, the Type S retains the rear tire size of 245/40R-17 for better handling. A specific Type S suspension setup with improved geometry was designed to enhance the handling, the setup is stiffer but more compromising than the CR setup to suit it better to everyday spirited driving and the Japanese touge experience.[16] The Type S retains its soft top folding mechanism.

text: The interior is a Type S specific yellow and black alcantara material scheme. Leather interior from the standard S2000 was available as a free option. The aluminum shift knob with reduced shift stroke is shared with the CR. While the CR is designed to be a pure track car, the Type S is designed for improved handling and retains some creature comforts.[17] Only 1,755 copies of the Type S were made and sold exclusively in Japan. (2007:168 units, 2008:827 units, 2009:737 units, 2010 [Jan-Jun]:23 units)

text: GT (U.K. - 2009)[edit]

text: In the United Kingdom, the 2009 model was offered in both roadster and GT trim. The GT featured a removable hard-top and an outside temperature gauge. On-the-road prices of these trims were £27,300 and £27,850 respectively.

text: Ultimate Edition and GT Edition 100 (Europe - 2009)[edit]

text: The S2000 Ultimate Edition (continental Europe) and GT Edition 100 (UK) were limited versions of the S2000 released to commemorate the end of production. Both included Grand Prix White body color, removable hard top, graphite-colored alloy wheels, and red leather interior with red coloring for stitching on the gear lever gaiter.

text: The Ultimate Edition was unveiled at the 2009 Geneva Motor Show and went on sale in March 2009.[18] The GT Edition 100 was a limited run of 100 units released for the UK market. In addition to the Ultimate Edition's specification, it features a black S2000 badge and a numbered plaque on the kick-plate indicating which vehicle in the series it is.[19]

text: Specifications[edit]

text:
1999–2003
AP1 (F20C)[20]
2004–2009
AP1 (F20C)
2004–2009
AP2 (F22C1)[21][22]
2008–2009
AP2 CR (F22C1)[22]

Drivetrain

Engine type
Naturally aspirated inline-4

Displacement
1,997 cc (122 cu in)
2,157 cc (132 cu in)

Power
177 kW (237 hp) @ 8,300 rpm (US & EU)
184 kW (247 hp) @ 8,300 rpm (JP)
177 kW (237 hp) @ 7,800 rpm (US)
178 kW (239 hp) @ 7,800 rpm (JP)

Torque
208 N⋅m (153 lbf⋅ft) @ 7,500 rpm (US & EU)
218 N⋅m (161 lbf⋅ft) @ 7,500 rpm (JP)
220 N⋅m (162 lbf⋅ft) @ 6,800 rpm (US)
221 N⋅m (163 lbf⋅ft) @ 6,500–7,500 rpm (JP)

Redline / fuel cut-out[23]
8,800 rpm / 9,000 rpm
8,000 rpm / 8,200 rpm

Bore & stroke
87.0 mm (3.425 in) x 84.4 mm (3.323 in)
87.0 mm (3.425 in) x 90.7 mm (3.571 in)

Compression ratio
11.0:1 (US & EU)
11.7:1 (JP)
11.1:1

Valvetrain
16-valve DOHC VTEC

Transmission
6-speed manual

Gear ratios[24]
1st: 3.133
2nd: 2.045
3rd: 1.481
4th: 1.161
5th: 0.970
6th: 0.810
Secondary gear reduction: 1.160
Final drive: 4.100
Reverse: 2.800
1st: 3.133
2nd: 2.045
3rd: 1.481
4th: 1.161
5th: 0.943
6th: 0.763
Secondary gear reduction: 1.208
Final drive: 4.100
Reverse: 2.800

Dimensions[25]

Weight
1,250 kg (2,756 lb)
1,260 kg (2,778 lb) (JP type V)

1,299 kg (2,864 lb)
1,254 kg (2,765 lb) w/o AC
1,295 kg (2,855 lb) w/ AC

Height
1,270 mm (50.0 in)
1,288 mm (51 in)

Width
1,750 mm (68.9 in)

Length
4,135 mm (162.8 in)
4,117 mm (162 in)

Wheelbase
2,400 mm (94.5 in)

Tires
Bridgestone Potenza S-02
f: 205/55R16 89V
r: 225/50R16 92V
Bridgestone Potenza RE050
f: 215/45R17 87W
r: 245/40R17 91W
Bridgestone Potenza RE070
f: 215/45ZR17 87W
r: 255/40ZR17 94W

Wheels
f: 16x6.5" +55mm
r: 16x7.5" +65mm
f: 17x7" +55mm
r: 17x8.5" +65mm

Brakes
f: 300 mm (11.8 in) ventilated discs
r: 282 mm (11.1 in) solid discs

text: Dimensions are approximate and vary across markets and years for the same model.

text: Reviews and awards[edit]

text: The S2000 has received much praise from critics and motoring journalists and has received favourable reviews from such publications as Car and Driver. Highlighted are the high output of the engine, the high redline, the balanced handling, and the smooth gearbox. User surveys have named the S2000 as a favorite for overall customer satisfaction.[26]

text:
The S2000 was on Car and Driver's 10Best list for 2000,[27] 2001,[28] 2002[29] and 2004.[30]
The S2000 was the highest-ranked model in the J. D. Power and Associates Vehicle Dependability Study "Premium Sports Car" class for 2004,[31] 2006,[32] and 2008[33] and consistently held one of the top three positions.
The S2000 was ranked number #1 in the BBC Top Gear survey in 2003, 2005, and 2006.
The S2000 was ranked as "Best Affordable Sports Car" by U.S. News & World Report in 2008[34] and 2009[35]
The S2000 was on Edmunds Consumers' Most Wanted Vehicles list for 2004,[36] 2005[37] and 2007.[38]
The S2000 was one of Jalopnik's Best 10 Cars Of The Decade.[39]
The S2000 was one of Road & Track's Best All-Around Sports Cars.[40]
The F20C engine of the S2000 was ranked as the best engine respective its size category in the competition "International Engine of the Year" for five consecutive years between 2000 and 2004.[41]
The F20C engine of the S2000 was one of Ward's 10 Best Engines in 2000 [42] and 2001.[43]

text: Sales and production[edit]

text: After several years of steady production, sales of the roadster began falling dramatically starting in 2006, and the trend accelerated during the 2008 automotive industry crisis. In 2008, only 2,538 units were sold in the U.S. - a 74% decline from the 2002 sales peak. In November of that year, for the first time since its launch, only 90 new S2000s were sold nationwide during a calendar month.[44]

text: Production of the S2000 ceased in June 2009 [45] and plans for a successor were scrapped in the aftermath of the automotive industry crisis.[46] During the 2009 announcement of the vehicle's production end, Honda reported that worldwide sales through the end of 2008 totaled 110,673 units.[47]

text:
Calendar Year
U.S.[44][48]
Europe[48][49][50]
Japan[48][51][52]
Canada[48][53][54]

1999
3,400
1,179
7,209
332

2000
6,797
3,955
3,422
412

2001
9,682
2,197
1,913
401

2002
9,684
2,537
1,471
336

2003
7,888
2,095
961
238

2004
7,320
2,036
1,087
250

2005
7,780
1,795
981
212

2006
6,271
1,474
1,225
146

2007
4,302
1,116
997
123

2008
2,538
709
1,228
65

2009
795
680
1,122
49

2010*
85
20
42
21

2011*
5

TOTAL
66,547
19,793
21,658
2,585

text:
*Note: No new cars were produced in 2010 and 2011; sales represent clearance of residual inventory.
Figures are not directly comparable as they are obtained through different methodologies in different markets.


document_title: List of books of the King James Version

question_text: what is the 33rd book in the bible

question_tokens: what is the 33rd book in the bible

text: List of books of the King James Version

text: Old Testament[edit]

text:
King James Bible
Vulgate
Douay Rheims
Full title in the Authorised Version

Genesis
Genesis
Genesis
The First Book of Moses, called Genesis

Exodus
Exodus
Exodus
The Second Book of Moses, called Exodus

Leviticus
Leviticus
Leviticus
The Third Book of Moses, called Leviticus

Numbers
Numeri
Numbers
The Fourth Book of Moses, called Numbers

Deuteronomy
Deuteronomium
Deuteronomy
The Fifth Book of Moses, called Deuteronomy

Joshua
Josue
Josue
The Book of Joshua

Judges
Judices
Judges
The Book of Judges

Ruth
Ruth
Ruth
The Book of Ruth

1 Samuel
1 Samuelis also known as 1 Regum
1 Kings
The First Book of Samuel, otherwise called the First Book of the Kings

2 Samuel
2 Samuelis also known as 2 Regum
2 Kings
The Second Book of Samuel, otherwise called the Second Book of the Kings

1 Kings
3 Regum
3 Kings
The First Book of the Kings, commonly called the Third Book of the Kings

2 Kings
4 Regum
4 Kings
The Second Book of the Kings, commonly called the Fourth Book of the Kings

1 Chronicles
1 Paralipomenon
1 Paralipomenon
The First Book of the Chronicles

2 Chronicles
2 Paralipomenon
2 Paralipomenon
The Second Book of the Chronicles

Ezra
1 Esdrae
1 Esdras
Ezra

Nehemiah
Nehemiae also known as 2 Esdrae
2 Esdras
The Book of Nehemiah

Esther
Esther 1,1 – 10,3
Esther 1:1 – 10:3
The Book of Esther

Job
Job
Job
The Book of Job

Psalms
Psalmi
Psalms
The Book of Psalms

Proverbs
Proverbia
Sentences
The Proverbs

Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes
Ecclesiastes, or, The Preacher

Song of Solomon
Canticum Canticorum
Canticle of Canticles
The Song of Solomon

Isaiah
Isaiae
Isaias
The Book of the Prophet Isaiah

Jeremiah
Jeremiae
Jeremias
The Book of the Prophet Jeremiah

Lamentations
Lamentationes
Lamentations
The Lamentations of Jeremiah

Ezekiel
Ezechielis
Ezechiel
The Book of the Prophet Ezekiel

Daniel
Danielis 1,1 – 3,23; 3,91 – 12,13
Daniel 1:1 – 3:23; 3:91 – 12:13
The Book of Daniel

Hosea
Osee
Osee
Hosea

Joel
Joel
Joel
Joel

Amos
Amos
Amos
Amos

Obadiah
Adiae
Adias
Obadiah

Jonah
Jonae
Jonas
Jonah

Micah
Michaeae
Michaeas
Micah

Nahum
Nahum
Nahum
Nahum

Habakkuk
Habacuc
Habacuc
Habakkuk

Zephaniah
Sophoniae
Sophonias
Zephaniah

Haggai
Aggaei
Aggaeus
Haggai

Zechariah
Zachariae
Zacharias
Zechariah

Malachi
Malachiae
Malachias
Malachi

text: Apocrypha[edit]

text:
King James Bible
Vulgate
Douay Rheims
Full title in the Authorised Version

1 Esdras
3 Esdrae
3 Esdras
The First Book of Esdras

2 Esdras
4 Esdrae
4 Esdras
The Second Book of Esdras

Tobit
Tobiae
Tobias
Tobit

Judith
Judith
Judith
Judith

Rest of Esther
Esther 10,4 – 16,24
Esther 10:4 – 16:24
The Rest of the Chapters of the Book of Esther, which are found neither in the Hebrew nor the Chaldee

Wisdom
Sapientiae
Wisdom
The Wisdom of Solomon

Ecclesiasticus
Ecclesiasticus
Ecclesiasticus
The Wisdom of Jesus the son of Sirach, or Ecclesiasticus

Baruch and the Epistle of Jeremy
Baruch
Baruch
Baruch

Song of the Three Children
Danielis 3,24 – 90
Daniel 3:24 – 90
The Song of the Three Holy Children

Story of Susanna
Danielis caput 13
Daniel chapter 13
The History of Susanna

The Idol Bel and the Dragon
Danielis caput 14
Daniel chapter 14
The History of the Destruction of Bel and the Dragon

Prayer of Manasses
Oratio Manassae regis
Prayer of Manasses
The Prayer of Manasses King of Juda when he was holden captive in Babylon

1 Maccabees
1 Machabaeorum
1 Machabees
The First Book of the Maccabees

2 Maccabees
2 Machabaeorum
2 Machabees
The Second Book of the Maccabees

text: New Testament[edit]

text:
King James Bible
Vulgate
Douay Rheims
Full title in the Authorised Version

St. Matthew
secundum Matthaeum
Matthew
The Gospel According to St. Matthew

St. Mark
secundum Marcum
Mark
The Gospel According to St. Mark

St. Luke
secundum Lucam
Luke
The Gospel According to St. Luke

St. John
secundum Ioannem
John
The Gospel According to St. John

The Acts
Actus
Acts
The Acts of the Apostles

Romans
ad Romanos
Romans
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Romans

1 Corinthians
1 ad Corinthios
1 Corinthians
The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians

2 Corinthians
2 ad Corinthios
2 Corinthians
The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Corinthians

Galatians
ad Galatas
Galatians
The Epistle of Paul to the Galatians

Ephesians
ad Ephesios
Ephesians
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Ephesians

Philippians
ad Philippenses
Philippians
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Philippians

Colossians
ad Colossenses
Colossians
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Colossians

1 Thessalonians
1 ad Thessalonicenses
1 Thessalonians
The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians

2 Thessalonians
2 ad Thessalonicenses
2 Thessalonians
The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Thessalonians

1 Timothy
1 ad Timotheum
1 Timothy
The First Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy

2 Timothy
2 ad Timotheum
2 Timothy
The Second Epistle of Paul the Apostle to Timothy

Titus
ad Titum
Titus
The Epistle of Paul to Titus

Philemon
ad Philemonem
Philemon
The Epistle of Paul to Philemon

Hebrews
ad Hebraeos
Hebrews
The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the Hebrews

James
Jacobi
James
The General Epistle of James

1 Peter
1 Petri
1 Peter
The First Epistle General of Peter

2 Peter
2 Petri
2 Peter
The Second Epistle General of Peter

1 John
1 Ioannis
1 John
The First Epistle General of John

2 John
2 Ioannis
2 John
The Second Epistle of John

3 John
3 Ioannis
3 John
The Third Epistle of John

Jude
Judae
Jude
The General Epistle of Jude

Revelation
Apocalypsis
Apocalypse
The Revelation of St. John the Divine

text: Notes[edit]

text: There are 80 books in the King James Bible—39 in the Old Testament, 14 in the Apocrypha, and 27 in the New Testament. Most modern editions omit the Apocrypha; in those editions the number of books totals 66. The reasons for the omission of the Apocrypha can be found in the article "Biblical canon". The names of those books found in the Apocrypha section of their respective versions are in italics.

text: In the Latin Vulgate, it is customary to separate chapter and verse with a comma, for example, "Ioannem 3,16". But in English bibles it is customary to separate chapter and verse with a colon, for example, "John 3:16".

text: The Psalms of the two versions are numbered differently. The Vulgate follows the Septuagint numbering, while the King James Version follows the numbering of the Masoretic Text. This generally results in the Psalms of the former being one number behind the latter. See the article on Psalms for more details.

text: Editions[edit]

text: Early editions of the King James Bible, made before the standardization of English spelling, contain variations in the spelling of the names of the books. The spellings shown here are from the Oxford World's Classics edition (ISBN 978-0199535941). Early editions often make greater use of the silent e in their spelling, e.g. "Deuteronomie" for Deuteronomy, "Booke" for book, and "Wisedom" for Wisdom.

text: Books of the BibleKing James Version