document_title: Justice League (film)

question_text: when does justice leavue come out on dvd

root

text: Justice League (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Thousands of years ago, Steppenwolf and his legions of Parademons attempted to take over Earth with the combined energies of three Mother Boxes. They were foiled by a unified army that includes the Olympian Gods, Amazons, Atlanteans, mankind, and the Green Lantern Corps. After repelling Steppenwolf's army, the Mother Boxes were separated and hidden in locations on the planet. In the present, mankind is in mourning over Superman, whose death triggers the Mother Boxes to reactivate and Steppenwolf's return to Earth in an effort to regain favor with his master, Darkseid. Steppenwolf aims to gather the artifacts to form "The Unity", which will destroy Earth's ecology and terraform it in the image of Steppenwolf's homeworld.

tag: p

text: Steppenwolf retrieves the Mother Box from Themyscira, prompting Queen Hippolyta to warn her daughter Diana of Steppenwolf's return. Diana joins Bruce Wayne in his attempt to unite other metahumans to their cause, with Wayne going after Arthur Curry and Barry Allen, while Diana tries to locate Victor Stone. Wayne fails to persuade Curry, but manages to recruit an enthusiastic Allen onto the team. Although Diana fails to convince Stone to join, he agrees to help them locate the threat if he discovers their location. Stone later joins the team after his father Silas, along with several other S.T.A.R. Labs employees, is kidnapped by Steppenwolf seeking to acquire the Mother Box from mankind.

text: Steppenwolf attacks Atlantis to retrieve the next Mother Box, forcing Curry into action. The team receives intel from Commissioner James Gordon leading them to Steppenwolf's army, based in an abandoned facility under Gotham Harbor. Although the group manages to rescue the kidnapped employees, the facility is flooded during combat, which traps the team until Curry helps delay the flood so they can escape. Stone retrieves the last Mother Box, which he had hidden, for the group to analyze. Stone reveals that his father used the Mother Box to rebuild Stone's body after an accident almost cost him his life. Facing overwhelming odds against Steppenwolf's army, Wayne decides to use the Mother Box to resurrect Superman, not only to help them fight off Steppenwolf's invasion, but also to restore hope to mankind. Diana and Curry are hesitant about the idea, but Wayne forms a secret contingency plan in case Superman returns as hostile.

text: Clark Kent's body is exhumed and placed in the amniotic fluid of the genesis chamber of the Kryptonian ship alongside the Mother Box, which in turn activates and successfully resurrects Superman. However, Superman's memories have not returned, and he attacks the group after Stone accidentally launches a projectile at him. On the verge of being killed by Superman, Batman enacts his contingency plan: Lois Lane. Superman calms down and leaves with Lane to his family home in Smallville, where he reflects and his memories slowly come back. In the turmoil, the last Mother Box is left unguarded, and Steppenwolf retrieves it with ease. Without Superman to aid them, the five heroes travel to a village in Russia where Steppenwolf aims to unite the Mother Boxes once again and remake Earth. The team fights their way through the Parademons to reach Steppenwolf, although they are unable to distract him enough for Stone to separate the Mother boxes. Superman arrives and assists Allen in evacuating the city, as well as Stone in separating the Mother Boxes. The team defeats Steppenwolf, who, overcome with fear, is attacked by his own Parademons before they all teleport away.

text: In the aftermath of the battle, Bruce and Diana agree to set up a base of operations for the team, with room for more members. Diana steps back into the public spotlight as a hero; Barry acquires a job in Central City's police department, impressing his father; Victor continues to explore and enhance his abilities with his father in S.T.A.R. Labs; Arthur returns to Atlantis; and Superman resumes his life as reporter Clark Kent. In a mid-credits scene, Barry and Clark compete in a race to the Pacific coast to see who is faster. In a post-credits scene, Lex Luthor puts a decoy in his place and escapes from Arkham Asylum, and then recruits Slade Wilson to form their own league.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman:
A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.
Henry Cavill as Clark Kent / Superman:
A member of, and inspiration for, the Justice League, a Kryptonian survivor, and a journalist for the Daily Planet based in Metropolis.
Amy Adams as Lois Lane:
An undaunted and compassionate award-winning journalist for the Daily Planet and the love interest for Kent.[8]
Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman:
An antiquities dealer, acquaintance of Wayne, and an immortal Amazonian warrior, who is the crown princess of Themyscira and daughter of Hippolyta and Zeus. She is endowed with metahuman attributes and abilities inherited from her parents.
Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / The Flash:
A Central City University student, who can move at superhuman speeds with his ability to tap into the Speed Force.
Jason Momoa as Arthur Curry / Aquaman:
The heir to the throne of the undersea nation of Atlantis.[9] His metahuman aquatic abilities and physical attributes originate from his Atlantean physiology.
Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg:
A former college athlete who, after being cybernetically reconstructed after a nearly fatal car accident, is turned into a techno-organic being enhanced by reactive, adaptive biomimetic alien technology. His enhancements include the abilities of flight, variable weaponry and technopathy. Fisher portrays the character through the use of motion capture for the cybernetic portion of his body.[10]
Jeremy Irons as Alfred Pennyworth: Wayne's butler, chief of security, and trusted confidant.[11]
Diane Lane as Martha Kent: Kent's adoptive mother.[8]
Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta: Diana's mother and Queen of the Amazons.[8]
J. K. Simmons as James Gordon: The Commissioner of the Gotham City Police Department, and close ally of Batman.[8]
Ciarán Hinds as the voice of Steppenwolf: An alien military officer from Apokolips who leads an army of Parademons and is searching for the three Mother Boxes held on Earth. The character is described as "old, tired" and trying to find a way to escape his role of servitude under Darkseid.[12] Hinds portrayed the villain through use of motion capture and received some advice in the process from Liam Neeson, who had recently done similar work in A Monster Calls.[13]

tag: ul

text: The Olympian Old Gods Zeus, Ares and Artemis are portrayed by fitness model Sergi Constance, stuntman Nick McKinless, and MMA fighter Aurore Lauzeral, respectively.[14][15] All three were required to reach a specific degree of physicality, with Snyder instructing McKinless to sport "veins like worms and paper thin skin". In the finished film, McKinless' face was replaced with David Thewlis's face, and Thewlis received the credit as Ares.[14] Robin Wright reprises her role as Antiope during a flashback sequence. Amber Heard portrays the Atlantean Mera.[8] During a scene depicting Steppenwolf's first invasion of Earth, Julian Lewis Jones appears as King Atlan, while Francis Magee portrays King Arthur Pendragon, credited as ancient king of Atlantis and ancient king of men, respectively.[16][17] Joe Morton reprises his role as Silas Stone, Victor Stone's father and S.T.A.R. Labs' head while Billy Crudup appears as Henry Allen, Barry Allen's father. Joe Manganiello and Jesse Eisenberg appear uncredited in a post-credits scene as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke and Lex Luthor, respectively.[18] Michael McElhatton appears as the leader of a group of terrorists who clash with Wonder Woman early in the film,[19] while Holt McCallany makes an uncredited appearance as a burglar.[20] Marc McClure, who portrayed Jimmy Olsen in the Christopher Reeve Superman film series, has a cameo as a police officer.[21] An unidentified Green Lantern appears at the beginning of the film, created by use of CGI and embodied by an uncredited actor. Willem Dafoe and Kiersey Clemons filmed scenes as Nuidis Vulko and Iris West, respectively, although their roles were cut from the final film. Both actors are signed for multiple films and will appear in future installments of the franchise, Aquaman and Flashpoint, respectively.[22][23] Early in production, a scene depicting Green Lanterns Kilowog and Tomar-Re visiting Batman was filmed as another post-credits scene, further teasing Green Lantern Corps. The scene was later scrapped.[24]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In February 2007, it was announced that Warner Bros. had hired husband and wife duo Michele and Kieran Mulroney to write a script for a Justice League film.[25] The news came around the same time that Joss Whedon's long-developed Wonder Woman film was cancelled,[26] as well as The Flash, written and directed by David S. Goyer.[27] Reportedly titled Justice League: Mortal,[28] Michele and Kiernan Mulroney submitted their script to Warner Bros. in June 2007, receiving positive feedback,[29] which prompted the studio to immediately fast track production in the hope of beginning filming before the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[30] Warner Bros. was less willing to proceed with development of a sequel to Superman Returns, having been disappointed with its box office. Brandon Routh was not approached to reprise the role of Superman in Justice League: Mortal,[31] nor was Christian Bale from Batman Begins.[32] Warner Bros. intended for Justice League: Mortal to be the start of a new film franchise, and to branch out into separate sequels and spin-offs.[33] Shortly after filming The Dark Knight,[34] Bale stated in an interview that "It'd be better if it doesn't tread on the toes of what our Batman series is doing," and felt it would make more sense for Warner Bros. to release the film after The Dark Knight Rises.[32] Jason Reitman was the original choice to direct Justice League, but he turned it down, as he considers himself an independent filmmaker and prefers to stay out of big budget superhero films.[35] George Miller signed to direct in September 2007,[30] with Barrie Osbourne producing[36] on a projected $220 million budget.[37]

text: The following month, roughly 40 actors and actresses auditioned for the ensemble superhero roles, among them Joseph Cross, Michael Angarano, Max Thieriot, Minka Kelly, Adrianne Palicki and Scott Porter. Miller had intended to cast younger actors, as he wanted them to "grow" into their roles over the course of several films.[34] D. J. Cotrona was cast as Superman,[33] along with Armie Hammer as Batman.[38] Jessica Biel reportedly declined to play Wonder Woman role after negotiations.[39] The character was also linked to actresses Teresa Palmer and Shannyn Sossamon, along with Mary Elizabeth Winstead, who confirmed that she had auditioned.[40] Ultimately, Megan Gale was cast as Wonder Woman,[41] while Palmer was cast as Talia al Ghul, whom Miller had in mind to act with a Russian accent.[42] The script for Justice League: Mortal would have featured John Stewart as Green Lantern, a role originally offered to Columbus Short.[43] Hip hop recording artist and rapper Common was cast,[44] with Adam Brody as Barry Allen / Flash,[45] and Jay Baruchel as the lead villain, Maxwell Lord.[46] Longtime Miller collaborator Hugh Keays-Byrne had been cast in an unnamed role, rumored to be Martian Manhunter. Santiago Cabrera was eventually revealed to be Aquaman after the film was cancelled.[47] Marit Allen was hired as the original costume designer before her untimely death in November 2007,[48] and the responsibilities were assumed by Weta Workshop.[49]

text: However, the writers strike began that same month and placed the film on hold. Warner Bros. had to let the options lapse for the cast,[50] but development was fast tracked once more in February 2008 when the strike ended. Warner Bros. and Miller wanted to start filming immediately,[51] but production was pushed back three months.[33] Originally, the majority of Justice League: Mortal was to be shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney,[37] with other locations scouted nearby at local colleges,[36] and Sydney Heads doubling for Happy Harbor.[28] The Australian Film Commission had a say with casting choices, giving way for George Miller to cast Gale, Palmer and Keays-Bryne, all Australian natives. The production crew was composed entirely of Australians, but the Australian government denied Warner Bros. a 40 percent tax rebate as they felt they had not hired enough Australian actors.[37][52] Miller was frustrated, stating that "A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for the Australian film industry is being frittered away because of very lazy thinking. They're throwing away hundreds of millions of dollars of investment that the rest of the world is competing for and, much more significantly, highly skilled creative jobs."[53] Production offices were then moved to Vancouver Film Studios in Canada. Filming was pushed back to July 2008, while Warner Bros was still confident they could produce the film for a summer 2009 release.[54][55]

text: With production delays continuing, and the success of The Dark Knight in July 2008,[56] Warner Bros. decided to focus on the development of individual films featuring the main heroes, allowing director Christopher Nolan to separately complete his Batman trilogy with The Dark Knight Rises in 2012. Gregory Noveck, senior vice president of creative affairs for DC Entertainment, stated, "we're going to make a Justice League movie, whether it's now or 10 years from now. But we're not going to do it and Warners is not going to do it until we know it's right."[57] Actor Adam Brody joked "They [Warner Brothers] just didn't want to cross their streams with a whole bunch of Batmans in the universe."[58] Warner Bros. relaunched development for a solo Green Lantern film, released in 2011 as a critical and financial disappointment. Meanwhile, film adaptations for The Flash and Wonder Woman continued to languish in development, while filming for a Superman reboot commenced in 2011 with Man of Steel, produced by Nolan and written by Batman screenwriter David S. Goyer. Shortly after filming on Man of Steel was complete, Warner Bros hired Will Beall to write the script for a new Justice League film.[59] Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov explained that Man of Steel would be "setting the tone for what the movies are going to be like going forward. In that, it's definitely a first step."[60] The film included references to the existence of other superheroes in the DC Universe,[61] and set the tone for a shared fictional universe of DC Comics characters on film.[62] Goyer stated that should Green Lantern appear in a future installment, it would be a rebooted version of the character, unconnected to the 2011 film.[63]

text: With the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a sequel, as well as a new Justice League, with the Beall draft being scrapped.[64] The sequel was later revealed to be Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a team-up film featuring Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as The Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg, the latter three in minor roles that became more significant in the Justice League film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on The Dark Knight trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for Batman v Superman.[65] In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's Justice League script.[66] Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[67] On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with Part One on November 17, 2017, and Part Two on June 14, 2019. Snyder was set to direct both films.[68] In early July 2015, EW revealed that the script for Justice League Part One had been completed by Terrio.[69] Zack Snyder stated that the film would be inspired by the New Gods comic series by Jack Kirby.[70] Although Justice League was initially announced as a two-part film, with the second part set for release two years after the first, Snyder stated in June 2016 that they would be two distinct, separate films and not one film split into two parts, both being stand-alone stories.[71][72]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In April 2014, Ray Fisher was cast as Victor Stone / Cyborg. He first cameoed in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, followed by a larger role in Justice League.[73][74] Henry Cavill, Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Diane Lane and Amy Adams also reprised their roles from Batman v Superman.[68][75] In October 2014, Jason Momoa was cast as Arthur Curry / Aquaman and debuted as the character in Dawn of Justice.[76][77] On October 20, 2014, Momoa told ComicBook.com that the Justice League film would be released first, and that is what they were preparing for. He thought the solo Aquaman film may be Aquaman's origin story.[78] On January 13, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Amber Heard was in negotiations to appear in the film as Aquaman's love interest Mera.[79] In March 2016, producer Charles Roven said that Green Lantern would not appear in any film before Justice League Part Two, and stated that they "could put Green Lantern in some introduction in Justice League 2, or barring that, a movie after."[80] Also in March, The Hollywood Reporter announced that J. K. Simmons had been cast as Commissioner James Gordon,[81] and Heard was confirmed to join the cast as Mera.[82] Adams also confirmed that she would reprise her role as Lois Lane in both Justice League films.[83][84] By April 2016, Willem Dafoe had been cast in an undisclosed role,[85] later revealed to be Nuidis Vulko,[86] while Cavill confirmed that he would return for both Justice League films.[87] In May 2016, Jeremy Irons confirmed he would appear as Alfred Pennyworth.[11] That same month, Jesse Eisenberg stated that he would reprise his role as Lex Luthor, and in June 2016, confirmed his return in an interview with Shortlist magazine.[88][89] In July 2016, Julian Lewis Jones was cast in an undisclosed role, later revealed to be Atlan, the king of Atlantis.[16] Laurence Fishburne, who portrays Perry White in the DCEU, said he declined to reprise his role in the film due to scheduling conflicts.[90] In April 2017, Michael McElhatton revealed that he had a role in Justice League, which was later revealed to be a bank robber who faces off against Wonder Woman.[19]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography commenced on April 11, 2016, with shooting taking place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, as well as various locations around London and Scotland. Additional filming took place in Chicago, Illinois, Los Angeles, and Djúpavík, in the Westfjords[91] of Iceland.[85][92][93] The old herring factory in Djúpavík was one Iceland filming location (Ben Affleck appeared to be standing near the herring oil tanks in the "Heroes" trailer). Snyder's longtime cinematographer Larry Fong was replaced by Fabian Wagner due to scheduling conflicts.[93] Affleck also served as executive producer.[94] In May 2016, it was revealed that Geoff Johns and Jon Berg would produce the Justice League films, and would also be in charge of the DC Extended Universe, after the largely negative critical reception of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[95] The same month, Irons stated that the Justice League storyline would be more linear and simple, compared to the theatrical version of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[96] Johns confirmed on June 3, 2016 that the title of the film is Justice League,[97] and later stated that the film would be "hopeful and optimistic" in comparison to previous DCEU films.[98] Filming wrapped in October 2016.[99][100][101]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In May 2017, Snyder stepped down during post-production of the film to properly deal with the death of his daughter. Joss Whedon, whom Snyder had previously brought on to rewrite some additional scenes, took over to handle post-production duties in Snyder's place.[102] In July 2017, it was announced the film was undergoing two months of reshoots in London and Los Angeles, with Warner Bros. putting about $25 million into them (more than the typical $6–10 million additional filming costs).[103] The reshoots coincided with Cavill's schedule for Mission: Impossible – Fallout, for which he had grown a moustache which he was contracted to keep while filming, so Justice League's VFX team used special effects to digitally remove the moustache in post-production.[104] Warner Bros. later announced that Whedon would receive a screenwriting credit on the film alongside Chris Terrio.[105]

text: Music[edit]

text: In March 2016, Hans Zimmer, who co-composed the score for Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, stated that he had officially retired from the "superhero business".[106] Junkie XL, who wrote and composed the soundtrack of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with Zimmer, was originally scoring the film.[107] In June 2017, Danny Elfman was announced to have replaced Junkie XL.[108] Elfman had previously composed the films Batman and Batman Returns, and the theme music for Batman: The Animated Series. Elfman confirmed that he would use the Batman theme music from the 1989 film for Batman in the film, and would also briefly use John Williams' Superman theme during "a dark, twisted moment" in the film.[109][110] The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's "Everybody Knows" performed by Sigrid, "Icky Thump" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' "Come Together" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL.[111]

text: Release[edit]

text: Justice League held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America in standard, RealD 3D and IMAX on November 17, 2017.[112] Justice League was released on Digital HD on February 13, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018.[113]

text: Just after the movie got released in theaters, there have been rumors of an official Directors Cut of the movie existing, proving to be what Zack Snyder actually wanted the movie to be. However, this has not been confirmed by Snyder himself, as of yet.

text: In late March 2018, an Ultimate Fan Cut of the movie has been released on the website Mega, with re scored music from previous installments, most notably Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, and scenes from the latter two movies, as well as a few scenes from the Justice League Teaser Trailer. This new unofficial version of the movie was opened to slightly more positive reviews from fans, praising the re scored music, as it gives the movie "a more epic feel" and how it seems closer to Zack Snyder's true realization of the movie, however criticizing some of the additional scenes, claiming that some of them make no sense in one of several situations of the movie.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Justice League grossed $229 million in the United States and Canada, and $428.9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $657.9 million, against a production budget of $300 million.[3] It had a worldwide opening of $278.8 million, the 24th biggest of all-time.[114][115] The estimated gross worldwide the film would have had to make in order to break even was around $750 million, and Deadline Hollywood estimated it ended up losing the studio about $60 million.[116][5]

text: In the United States and Canada, industry tracking initially forecast the film debuting to $110–120 million from 4,051 theaters (including 400 IMAX screens).[117] It made $13 million from Thursday night previews, up from the $11 million made by Wonder Woman the previous June.[118] However, after making $38.8 million on its first day (including Thursday previews), weekend projections were lowered to $95 million. It ended up debuting to $93.8 million, down 45% from Batman v Superman's opening of $166 million, and being the first film of the DCEU to open under $100 million. Deadline.com attributed the low figure to lukewarm audience reaction to the film and most of its predecessors, as well as poor critical reception, and partly Warner-owned[not in citation given] film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes not posting their aggregated score until the day before release, causing speculation and doubt from filmgoers.[119] In its second weekend, the film dropped 56% to $41.1 million, finishing second at the box office, behind newcomer Coco.[120] It was the second-best second weekend hold of the DCEU, behind Wonder Woman's 43%, but the lowest overall gross.[121] In its third week it again finished second behind Coco, grossing $16.7 million.[122]

text: Internationally, the film was projected to debut to $215–235 million for a worldwide opening of $325–355 million.[123] It made $8.5 million on its first day from nine countries, including South Korea, France and Brazil.[118] It ended up having a $185 million international debut from 65 countries, including $57.1 million from China, $9.8 million from the United Kingdom, $9.6 million from Mexico and $8.8 million from South Korea. The film broke a record in the Philippines with a debut of $1.12M (PHP 57.3M), making it the biggest industry opening day for a film there in 2017.[124] In Brazil, the film opened to $14.2 million, the biggest opening in the country's history.[114] Outside North America, the films largest markets were China ($106 million), Brazil ($41 million), Mexico ($24.8 million), and United Kingdom ($24 million).[125]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Justice League received praise for its action sequences and performances (primarily Gadot and Miller) but criticism for the writing, pacing and CGI, as well as the plot (regarded as thin), and the villain (regarded as underdeveloped).[126] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 40%, based on 313 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Justice League leaps over a number of DC movies, but its single bound isn't enough to shed the murky aesthetic, thin characters, and chaotic action that continue to dog the franchise."[127] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 45 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[128] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 85% overall positive score (average 4 out of 5 stars) and a 69% "definite recommend".[119][129]

text: Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast, especially Gadot, and saying "It's a putting-the-band-together origins movie, executed with great fun and energy."[130] Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review and wrote, "Justice League... has been conceived, in each and every frame, to correct the sins of Batman v Superman. It's not just a sequel—it's an act of franchise penance. The movie... is never messy or bombastic. It's light and clean and simple (at times almost too simple), with razory repartee and combat duels that make a point of not going on for too long."[131]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast but criticizing the action sequences and writing, saying: "The scenes of the League members together, bickering and bonding, spike the film with humor and genuine feeling, creating a rooting interest in the audience. Without it, the film would crumble."[132] Conversely, Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter, while praising Gadot and Miller, called the film visually ugly and boring, saying, "Fatigue, repetition and a laborious approach to exposition are the keynotes of this affair, which is also notable for how Ben Affleck, donning the bat suit for the second time, looks like he'd rather be almost anywhere else but here."[133]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film's poster was nominated for "Best Action Poster" by the Golden Trailer Awards in June 2017.[134] In December 2017, Ezra Miller was nominated for "Best Comedic Performance" for his role as Barry Allen by the San Diego Film Critics Society.[135] Justice League was nominated for "Most Disappointing Film" by the Oklahoma Film Critics Circle Awards, and it was tied in second place with The Dark Tower.[136]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A sequel was scheduled to be released in June 2019,[68] but has since been delayed to accommodate the release for a standalone Batman film.[137] By March 2017, producer Charles Roven announced that Zack Snyder would return as director.[138] In October 2017, J. K. Simmons stated that the studio is working on a sequel script, alongside The Batman.[139] Shortly after the release of Justice League, Henry Cavill stated that he is under contract with Warner Bros. to play Superman for one more film.[140]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that there were "no immediate plans" for Zack Snyder to direct a Justice League sequel, or any other DC films, with Snyder instead being relegated to an executive producer position. This comes after a reshuffling of film production staff at Warner Bros. due to the film's financial performance.[141]


document_title: Sam Seaborn

question_text: when does sam come back to the west wing

text: Sam Seaborn

text: Creation and development[edit]

text: The role of Sam Seaborn was initially offered to actor Bradley Whitford, who had auditioned for the part of Josh Lyman. However, Whitford wanted and was eventually given the role of Josh,[1] and the part of Sam went to Rob Lowe, whose audition, said show creator Aaron Sorkin, "left our jaws on the floor".[2]

text: Sam's inept performance as a White House tour guide in the pilot episode may have been inspired by former Clinton press secretary Joe Lockhart, who told the Chicago Tribune that despite having to give tours on a regular basis, he did not know whether the Roosevelt Room was named after Franklin or Teddy Roosevelt, saying, "I haven't gotten caught yet, but I've made up a few things."[3] (It is actually named after both Presidents Roosevelt.)

text: Character biography[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Sam grew up in Laguna Beach, California. He makes a reference to going to Dungeons and Dragons camp when he was younger in the episode The Two Bartlets. Sam graduated magna cum laude from Princeton University and Duke University School of Law. He makes repeated references to his alma mater, especially in the earlier seasons, indicating a certain pride in his attendance there. "Princeton" is his Secret Service code name, and he mentions being the recording secretary of the Princeton Gilbert and Sullivan Society. He can speak Spanish, as seen in Season 3 episode "Ways and Means."

text: Sam attended Duke Law School and was the editor of the Duke Law Review (which, in reality, is known as the Duke Law Journal). He was a staffer for several congressmen and the Democratic Congressional Campaign Committee. He was also a practicing lawyer, working at the law firm of Dewey Ballantine in New York City before joining the fictional Gage Whitney Pace (aka "Gage Whitney"), reputedly the second biggest law firm in New York City. Sam worked there for seven years and is concentrating on helping an oil company with a deal that would protect them from litigation in the event of an oil spill when old friend Josh Lyman comes to visit him. Josh is running John Hoynes' presidential campaign and comes to try to recruit Sam as a speechwriter. Sam declines, explaining that he is about to be made partner and is getting married soon (the engagement later fell through). Sam returns to work but, feeling guilty about the deal he is making, begins trying to convince the oil company to buy newer, better tankers than the ones they want, unleashing the wrath of his boss and jeopardizing his promotion to partner. In the midst of this, Josh returns from a trip to New Hampshire during which he has seen Hoynes' dark-horse challenger, Jed Bartlet, speak to a small audience of voters. Josh has been sufficiently inspired to abandon Hoynes' campaign and go work for Bartlet, which in turn convinces Sam to do the same. Sam becomes part of the talented team of staffers who help Bartlet to a very unlikely victory in 1998. After the election, Sam attains the position of Deputy White House Communications Director in the Bartlet Administration, often collaborating with White House Communications Director Toby Ziegler to write the President's most important public addresses, most notably States of the Union and his first inaugural address.

text: Sam's tragically flawed romantic relationships are something of a theme of the series with Josh once describing Sam's love life as "a moveable feast". After joining the campaign, Sam broke up with his fiancée, Lisa Sherborne, whom he was planning to marry in September of that year (the joke was that they broke up so that her name wouldn't become Lisa Sherborne Seaborn). Sam's other romantic relationships include a high-priced call girl named Laurie, played by Lisa Edelstein (with whom he slept without knowledge of her profession), and Leo McGarry's daughter, Mallory O'Brien, a fourth-grade teacher — a relationship Leo jokingly tries to sabotage, telling Sam, "I don't mind you dating my 'only' daughter, but you can't expect me not to have some fun along the way."

text: Sam's trademark — both his greatest strength and greatest flaw — is his unflinching idealism. His unwavering faith in and love for the American political process and the positive impact that government can have in its citizens' lives define his character. Sam believes in doing the right thing simply because it is right, even when the consequences might be politically disastrous. This often causes him to clash with the other members of the senior staff, who tend to be more practical when approaching political problems. Occasionally Sam's idealism and faith in people are disappointed, to which he reacts very strongly. In the second-season episode "Somebody's Going to Emergency, Somebody's Going to Jail", Sam finds out that his father has been having a 28-year affair while married to his mother, a revelation that deeply shakes his sense of what he can and cannot count on. This feeling is reinforced by his discovery that a White House staffer convicted of treason during the Cold War, who Sam has always believed was innocent, actually had been a spy.

text: Another trademark of Sam is his ability as a speechwriter. He is an extremely talented writer, one of the very few people Toby recognizes as an equal in his field. Sam is seen in many episodes to rewrite speeches over and over, unwilling to put words in the President's mouth that he isn't completely satisfied with. After a pipe bomb explodes at a university in "20 Hours in America, Part II", killing 44 people, including three swimmers, Bartlet gives a speech, written by Sam, that includes the following:

text: "... More than any time in recent history, America's destiny is not of our own choosing. We did not seek nor did we provoke an assault on our freedoms and our way of life. We did not expect nor did we invite a confrontation with evil. Yet the true measure of a people's strength is how they rise to master that moment when it does arrive. Forty-four people were killed a couple of hours ago at Kennison State University; three swimmers from the men's team were killed and two others are in critical condition; when after having heard the explosion from their practice facility they ran into the fire to help get people out ... ran 'into' the fire. The streets of heaven are too crowded with angels tonight. They're our students and our teachers and our parents and our friends. The streets of heaven are too crowded with angels, but every time we think we have measured our capacity to meet a challenge, we look up and we're reminded that that capacity may well be limitless. This is a time for American heroes. We will do what is hard. We will achieve what is great. This is a time for American heroes and we reach for the stars. God bless their memory, God bless you, and God bless the United States of America."

text: Bartlet campaign advisor Bruno Gianelli asks Sam when he wrote the last part. He replies, "in the car", which prompts the response, "Freak".

text: In a third-season episode, Sam is awed by President Bartlet's foresight and wisdom when resolving an apparent impasse among the Chinese, the Taiwanese and the United States. President Bartlet predicts that Sam will run for President someday and should not be scared; Bartlet believes that he can do it.

text: During the fourth season, Sam decides to run for Congress in his home district — the California 47th in Orange County, California — in a special election held after deceased Democratic candidate Horton Wilde posthumously makes history by defeating arch-conservative Republican incumbent Chuck Webb. Sam first becomes familiar with the congressional race when he is sent to talk to Wilde's campaign manager, Will Bailey, on behalf of the Democratic Party, to convince him to drop the campaign. Will continues running the campaign with earnestness and energy after Wilde died, an act that is seen as bizarre and pointless — or, as Sam puts it to him, "a national joke". After seeing firsthand how dedicated Will is and realizing that he is a public servant in the mold of Bartlet's own senior staff, Sam becomes impressed with how he ran Wilde's campaign and offers his own name as a replacement candidate for election night in case Wilde wins, not thinking he will have to honor the promise. When Wilde does win, Sam decides not to back out but to use this opportunity to promote a truly liberal agenda in the traditionally conservative district. He goes to California with the blessing of Bartlet and his fellow White House staffers. Once he learns that Will Bailey is not going to stay on to manage his campaign, he recommends him as a temporary replacement for himself in the White House, to help Toby write Bartlet's second inaugural address.

text: It is never explicitly revealed whether Sam wins or loses the election, but he is expected to lose in a landslide. President Bartlet goes to California to lend his support, taking with him Sam's friends on the senior staff, who believe campaign manager Scott Holcomb is wasting Sam's time by having him run a safe, timid campaign. In the midst of the visit, Sam learns that Bartlet is putting off announcing the Democratic budget plan Sam himself had helped design, so that Sam won't feel pressured to support it and further stigmatize himself during the election. Sam is appalled and decides to put things right. While introducing the President at a campaign event, he adds that the audience shouldn't "let him off this stage" until he has announced the budget plan. Backstage, Bartlet watches Scott Holcomb react with distress and asks why he is running Sam's campaign the way he is. Holcomb admits that he is anticipating Sam's loss and trying to smooth the way for a less divisive candidate the next time around, prompting Bartlet to (unofficially) fire him and get Toby to take over the campaign for the final weeks. Toby runs a thoroughly honest and liberal campaign, not until the very end of which does Sam realize, "I'm going to lose". Toby confirms it, explaining, "They're going to throw rocks at you next week, and I wanted to be standing next to you when they did." They hug, and this is the last scene in which Sam appears until the end of the final season.

text: Return to politics[edit]

text: Although Sam is mentioned occasionally following his departure — most notably calling Josh to tell him to "roll with the punches" after the latter unwittingly caused the defection of a Democratic Senator — he is not seen in the series until the last episodes of the seventh and final season, following the election of Congressman Matt Santos as President. Resolving the debate over the result of the California 47th's special election, it is implied that Sam was defeated by Congressman Webb and declined the promotion to Senior Counselor to the President that had been suggested by Toby. After summarily quitting politics, Sam remained in his home state of California and joined an unnamed law firm in Los Angeles which pays him a salary that would "make [Josh] puke".

text: In a development reminiscent of his recruitment of Sam into Josiah Bartlet's campaign for the presidency eight years earlier(Ep 23), Josh Lyman (now Chief of Staff-designate in the incoming Santos Administration) flies to Los Angeles on a same day round trip to offer Sam the post of Deputy White House Chief of Staff. Although initially hesitant because he is again engaged, Sam ultimately agrees as he later sees that Santos is part of a bright future for the country. Sam accepts on the condition that Josh take a vacation after witnessing the toll of post-election stress, insisting that Josh will need to be at his best when helping govern the country.

text: Sam's final appearance of the series comes in the final episode, meeting with new President Matt Santos and Josh Lyman in the Oval Office.


document_title: List of countries by GDP (nominal)

question_text: top 10 largest economic countries in the world

text: List of countries by GDP (nominal)

text: Lists

text:
Per the International Monetary Fund (2016)[1]
Per the World Bank (2016)[20]
Per the United Nations (2015)[21][22]

Rank
Country
GDP
(millions of US$)

 World[19]
75,278,049

1
 United States
18,569,100

—
 European Union[n 1][19]
16,408,364

2
 China[n 2]
11,218,281

3
 Japan
4,938,644

4
 Germany
3,466,639

5
 United Kingdom
2,629,188

6
 France
2,463,222

7
 India
2,256,397

8
 Italy
1,850,735

9
 Brazil
1,798,622

10
 Canada
1,529,224

11
 South Korea
1,411,246

12
 Russia[n 3]
1,280,731

13
 Australia
1,258,978

14
 Spain
1,232,597

15
 Mexico
1,046,002

16
 Indonesia
932,448

17
 Turkey
857,429

18
 Netherlands
771,163

19
  Switzerland
659,850

20
 Saudi Arabia
639,617

21
 Argentina
545,124

22
 Taiwan
528,550

23
 Sweden
511,397

24
 Poland
467,591

25
 Belgium
466,960

26
 Thailand
406,949

27
 Nigeria
405,952

28
 Austria
386,752

29
 Iran
376,755

30
 United Arab Emirates
371,353

31
 Norway
370,449

32
 Egypt
332,349

33
 Hong Kong
320,668

34
 Israel
318,386

35
 Denmark
306,730

36
 Philippines
304,696

37
 Singapore
296,967

38
 Malaysia
296,359

39
 South Africa
294,132

40
 Ireland
293,605

41
 Venezuela
287,274

42
 Pakistan
284,185

43
 Colombia
282,357

44
 Chile
247,025

45
 Finland
236,883

46
 Bangladesh
227,901

47
 Portugal
204,761

48
 Vietnam
201,326

49
 Peru
195,140

50
 Greece
194,248

51
 Czech Republic
192,991

52
 Romania
187,039

53
 New Zealand
181,991

54
 Iraq
167,026

55
 Algeria
160,784

56
 Qatar
156,734

57
 Kazakhstan
133,757

58
 Hungary
125,675

59
 Kuwait
109,859

60
 Morocco
103,615

61
 Puerto Rico
101,304

62
 Ecuador
98,010

63
 Angola
95,821

64
 Sudan
94,421

65
 Ukraine
93,263

66
 Slovakia
89,525

67
 Sri Lanka
82,615

68
 Syria[n 4]
77,460

69
 Ethiopia
72,523

70
 Dominican Republic
72,194

71
 Kenya
68,919

72
 Guatemala
68,175

73
 Uzbekistan
66,502

74
 Myanmar
66,324

75
 Oman
63,171

76
 Luxembourg
59,468

77
 Costa Rica
58,109

78
 Panama
55,122

79
 Uruguay
54,567

80
 Bulgaria
52,418

81
 Lebanon
51,991

82
 Croatia
50,441

83
 Belarus
48,847

84
 Tanzania
47,184

85
 Macau
44,110

86
 Slovenia
44,009

87
 Ghana
43,264

88
 Lithuania
42,749

89
 Tunisia
41,869

90
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
41,615

91
 Jordan
38,743

92
 Serbia
37,745

93
 Azerbaijan
37,556

94
 Turkmenistan
36,180

95
 Côte d'Ivoire
35,489

96
 Bolivia
34,831

97
 Libya
33,157

98
 Bahrain
31,907

99
 Cameroon
29,334

100
 Latvia
27,684

101
 Paraguay
27,441

102
 Yemen
27,318

103
 El Salvador
26,709

104
 Uganda
26,195

105
 Estonia
23,130

106
 Honduras
21,364

107
 Zambia
21,310

108
   Nepal
21,154

109
 Trinidad and Tobago
20,966

110
 Iceland
20,047

111
 Papua New Guinea
20,003

112
 Cyprus
19,810

113
 Cambodia
19,398

114
 Afghanistan
18,886

115
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
16,605

116
 Botswana
15,018

117
 Senegal
14,785

118
 Gabon
14,273

119
 Georgia
14,222

120
 Zimbabwe
14,174

121
 Mali
13,960

122
 Jamaica
13,950

123
 Laos
13,790

124
 Nicaragua
13,049

125
 Albania
12,126

126
 Mauritius
11,950

127
 Burkina Faso
11,182

128
 Equatorial Guinea
11,636

129
 Mozambique
11,283

130
 Brunei
11,182

131
 Mongolia
11,031

132
 Malta
10,953

133
 Macedonia
10,912

134
 Namibia
10,646

135
 Armenia
10,499

136
 Chad
10,103

137
 Madagascar
9,740

138
 Bahamas
8,939

139
 Benin
8,577

140
 Rwanda
8,406

141
 Haiti
8,257

142
 Republic of Congo
7,955

143
 Niger
7,479

144
 Tajikistan
6,922

145
 Moldova
6,750

146
 Kosovo
6,707

147
 Kyrgyzstan
6,551

148
 Guinea
6,512

149
 Malawi
5,492

150
 Eritrea
5,352

151
 Mauritania
4,714

152
 Fiji
4,640

153
 Barbados
4,588

154
 Togo
4,434

155
 Montenegro
4,126

156
 Sierra Leone
3,981

157
 Swaziland
3,770

158
 Suriname
3,570

159
 Guyana
3,437

160
 Maldives
3,379

161
 Burundi
3,133

162
 South Sudan
2,914

163
 Timor-Leste
2,498

164
 Lesotho
2,267

165
 Bhutan
2,115

166
 Liberia
2,111

167
 Djibouti
1,894

168
 Central African Republic
1,780

169
 Belize
1,743

170
 Cabo Verde
1,636

171
 San Marino
1,592

172
 Seychelles
1,405

173
 Antigua and Barbuda
1,398

174
 St. Lucia
1,385

175
 Solomon Islands
1,184

176
 Guinea-Bissau
1,155

177
 Grenada
1,027

178
 The Gambia
965

179
 St. Kitts and Nevis
903

180
 Samoa
786

181
 St. Vincent and the Grenadines
775

182
 Vanuatu
773

183
 Comoros
620

184
 Dominica
520

185
 Tonga
403

186
 São Tomé and Príncipe
350

187
 Federated States of Micronesia
322

188
 Palau
293

189
 Marshall Islands
183

190
 Kiribati
167

191
 Tuvalu
34

Rank
Country
GDP
(millions of US$)

 World
7007755435430000000♠75,543,543

1
 United States
7007185691000000000♠18,569,100

—
 European Union[n 1][23]
7007163979800000000♠16,397,980

2
 China[n 5]
7007111991450000000♠11,199,145

3
 Japan
7006493938400000000♠4,939,384

4
 Germany
7006346675700000000♠3,466,757

5
 United Kingdom
7006261888600000000♠2,618,886

6
 France
7006246545400000000♠2,465,454

7
 India
7006226352200000000♠2,263,522

8
 Italy
7006184997000000000♠1,849,970

9
 Brazil
7006179618700000000♠1,796,187

10
 Canada
7006152976000000000♠1,529,760

11
 South Korea
7006141124600000000♠1,411,246

12
 Russia[n 3]
7006128316200000000♠1,283,162

13
 Spain
7006123208800000000♠1,232,088

14
 Australia
7006120461600000000♠1,204,616

15
 Mexico
7006104599800000000♠1,045,998

16
 Indonesia
7005932259000000000♠932,259

17
 Turkey
7005857749000000000♠857,749

18
 Netherlands
7005770845000000000♠770,845

19
  Switzerland
7005659827000000000♠659,827

20
 Saudi Arabia
7005646438000000000♠646,438

21
 Argentina
7005545866000000000♠545,866

22
 Sweden
7005511000000000000♠511,000

23
 Poland
7005469509000000000♠469,509

24
 Belgium
7005466366000000000♠466,366

25
 Iran
7005425326000000000♠425,326

26
 Thailand
7005406840000000000♠406,840

27
 Nigeria
7005405083000000000♠405,083

28
 Austria
7005386428000000000♠386,428

29
 Venezuela
7005371337000000000♠371,337

30
 Norway
7005370557000000000♠370,557

31
 United Arab Emirates
7005348743000000000♠348,743

32
 Egypt
7005336297000000000♠336,297

33
 Hong Kong
7005320912000000000♠320,912

34
 Israel
7005318744000000000♠318,744

35
 Denmark
7005306143000000000♠306,143

36
 Philippines
7005304905000000000♠304,905

37
 Singapore
7005296966000000000♠296,966

38
 Malaysia
7005296359000000000♠296,359

39
 South Africa
7005294841000000000♠294,841

40
 Ireland
7005294054000000000♠294,054

41
 Pakistan
7005283660000000000♠283,660

42
 Colombia
7005282463000000000♠282,463

43
 Chile
7005247028000000000♠247,028

44
 Finland
7005236785000000000♠236,785

45
 Bangladesh
7005221415000000000♠221,415

46
 Portugal
7005204565000000000♠204,565

47
 Vietnam
7005202616000000000♠202,616

48
 Greece
7005194559000000000♠194,559

49
 Czech Republic
7005192925000000000♠192,925

50
 Peru
7005192094000000000♠192,094

51
 Romania
7005186691000000000♠186,691

52
 New Zealand
7005185017000000000♠185,017

53
 Iraq
7005171489000000000♠171,489

54
 Algeria
7005156080000000000♠156,080

55
 Qatar
7005152469000000000♠152,469

56
 Kazakhstan
7005133657000000000♠133,657

57
 Hungary
7005124343000000000♠124,343

58
 Kuwait
7005112812000000000♠112,812

59
 Puerto Rico
7005103135000000000♠103,135

60
 Morocco[n 6]
7005101445000000000♠101,445

61
 Ecuador
7004978020000000000♠97,802

62
 Sudan
7004955840000000000♠95,584

63
 Ukraine
7004932700000000000♠93,270

64
 Angola
7004896330000000000♠89,633

65
 Slovakia
7004895520000000000♠89,552

66
 Sri Lanka
7004813220000000000♠81,322

67
 Cuba (2013)
7004771500000000000♠77,150

68
 Ethiopia
7004723740000000000♠72,374

69
 Dominican Republic
7004715840000000000♠71,584

70
 Kenya
7004705290000000000♠70,529

71
 Guatemala
7004687630000000000♠68,763

72
 Myanmar
7004674300000000000♠67,430

73
 Uzbekistan
7004672200000000000♠67,220

74
 Oman
7004662930000000000♠66,293

75
 Luxembourg
7004599480000000000♠59,948

76
 Costa Rica
7004574360000000000♠57,436

77
 Panama
7004551880000000000♠55,188

78
 Uruguay
7004524200000000000♠52,420

79
 Bulgaria
7004523950000000000♠52,395

80
 Croatia
7004504250000000000♠50,425

81
 Lebanon
7004475370000000000♠47,537

82
 Belarus
7004474330000000000♠47,433

83
 Tanzania[n 7]
7004474310000000000♠47,431

84
 Macau
7004448030000000000♠44,803

85
 Slovenia
7004439910000000000♠43,991

86
 Lithuania
7004427390000000000♠42,739

87
 Ghana
7004426900000000000♠42,690

88
 Tunisia
7004420630000000000♠42,063

89
 Jordan
7004386550000000000♠38,655

90
 Azerbaijan
7004378480000000000♠37,848

91
 Serbia
7004377450000000000♠37,745

92
 Turkmenistan
7004361800000000000♠36,180

93
Cote d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire
7004361650000000000♠36,165

94
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
7004349990000000000♠34,999

95
 Bolivia
7004338060000000000♠33,806

96
 Bahrain
7004318590000000000♠31,859

97
 Libya
7004291530000000000♠29,153

98
 Latvia
7004276770000000000♠27,677

99
 Paraguay
7004274410000000000♠27,441

100
 Yemen
7004273180000000000♠27,318

101
 El Salvador
7004267970000000000♠26,797

102
 Uganda
7004255280000000000♠25,528

103
 Cameroon
7004242040000000000♠24,204

104
 Estonia
7004231370000000000♠23,137

105
 Honduras
7004215170000000000♠21,517

106
   Nepal
7004211440000000000♠21,144

107
 Trinidad and Tobago
7004209890000000000♠20,989

108
 Iceland
7004200470000000000♠20,047

109
 Cambodia
7004200170000000000♠20,017

110
 Cyprus[n 8]
7004198020000000000♠19,802

111
 Zambia
7004195510000000000♠19,551

112
 Afghanistan
7004194690000000000♠19,469

113
 Papua New Guinea
7004169290000000000♠16,929

114
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
7004165600000000000♠16,560

115
 Zimbabwe
7004162890000000000♠16,289

116
 Laos
7004159030000000000♠15,903

117
 Botswana
7004152750000000000♠15,275

118
 Senegal
7004147650000000000♠14,765

119
 Georgia[n 9]
7004143330000000000♠14,333

120
 Gabon
7004142140000000000♠14,214

121
 Mali
7004140450000000000♠14,045

122
 Jamaica
7004140270000000000♠14,027

123
 South Sudan
7004132820000000000♠13,282

124
 Nicaragua
7004132310000000000♠13,231

125
 Mauritius
7004121640000000000♠12,164

126
 Burkina Faso
7004121150000000000♠12,115

127
 Albania
7004119270000000000♠11,927

128
 Brunei
7004114000000000000♠11,400

129
 Mongolia
7004111600000000000♠11,160

130
 Mozambique
7004110150000000000♠11,015

131
 Malta
7004109490000000000♠10,949

132
 Macedonia
7004109000000000000♠10,900

133
 Armenia
7004105470000000000♠10,547

134
 Namibia
7004102670000000000♠10,267

135
 Equatorial Guinea
7004101790000000000♠10,179

136
 Madagascar
7003999100000000000♠9,991

137
 Chad
7003960100000000000♠9,601

138
 The Bahamas
7003904700000000000♠9,047

139
 Benin
7003858300000000000♠8,583

140
 Rwanda
7003837600000000000♠8,376

141
 Haiti
7003802300000000000♠8,023

142
 Republic of the Congo
7003783400000000000♠7,834

143
 Niger
7003750900000000000♠7,509

144
 Tajikistan
7003695200000000000♠6,952

145
 Moldova[n 10]
7003675000000000000♠6,750

146
 Kosovo
7003665000000000000♠6,650

147
 Kyrgyzstan
7003655100000000000♠6,551

148
 Guinea
7003629900000000000♠6,299

149
 Somalia
7003621700000000000♠6,217

150
 Bermuda
7003557400000000000♠5,574

151
 Liechtenstein
7003548800000000000♠5,488

152
 Malawi
7000544200000000000♠5.442

153
 Mauritania
7003463500000000000♠4,635

154
 Fiji
7003463200000000000♠4,632

155
 Barbados
7003458800000000000♠4,588

156
 Togo
7003440000000000000♠4,400

157
 Montenegro
7003417300000000000♠4,173

158
 Swaziland
7003372700000000000♠3,727

159
 Sierra Leone
7003366900000000000♠3,669

160
 Suriname
7003362100000000000♠3,621

161
 Maldives
7003359100000000000♠3,591

162
 Guyana
7003344600000000000♠3,446

163
 Andorra
7003324900000000000♠3,249

164
 Burundi
7003300700000000000♠3,007

165
 Faroe Islands
7003261300000000000♠2,613

166
 Greenland
7003244100000000000♠2,441

167
 Bhutan
7003223700000000000♠2,237

168
 Lesotho
7003220000000000000♠2,200

169
 Liberia
7003210100000000000♠2,101

170
 Belize
7003176500000000000♠1,765

171
 Central African Republic
7003175600000000000♠1,756

172
 Cape Verde
7003161700000000000♠1,617

173
 Djibouti
7003158900000000000♠1,589

174
 Antigua and Barbuda
7003144900000000000♠1,449

175
 Seychelles
7003142700000000000♠1,427

176
 Timor-Leste
7003141700000000000♠1,417

177
 Saint Lucia
7003137900000000000♠1,379

178
 Solomon Islands
7003120200000000000♠1,202

179
 Guinea-Bissau
7003112600000000000♠1,126

180
 Grenada
7003101600000000000♠1,016

181
 The Gambia
7002965000000000000♠965

182
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
7002917000000000000♠917

183
 Samoa
7002786000000000000♠786

184
 Vanuatu
7002774000000000000♠774

185
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
7002771000000000000♠771

186
 Comoros
7002617000000000000♠617

187
 Dominica
7002525000000000000♠525

188
 Tonga
7002395000000000000♠395

189
Sao Tome and Principe São Tomé and Príncipe
7002351000000000000♠351

190
 Federated States of Micronesia
7002322000000000000♠322

191
 Palau
7002293000000000000♠293

192
 Marshall Islands
7002183000000000000♠183

193
 Kiribati
7002166000000000000♠166

194
 Nauru
7002102000000000000♠102

195
 Tuvalu
7001340000000000000♠34

Rank
Country
GDP
(millions of US$)

 World[24]
7007741964040000000♠74,196,404

1
 United States
7007180366480000000♠18,036,648

—
 European Union[n 1][25]
7007168326310000000♠16,832,631

2
 China[n 5]
7007111584570000000♠11,158,457

3
 Japan
7006438307600000000♠4,383,076

4
 Germany
7006336360000000000♠3,363,600

5
 United Kingdom
7006285800300000000♠2,858,003

6
 France
7006241894600000000♠2,418,946

7
 India
7006211623900000000♠2,116,239

8
 Italy
7006182158000000000♠1,821,580

9
 Brazil
7006177259100000000♠1,772,591

10
 Canada
7006155280800000000♠1,552,808

11
 South Korea
7006137787300000000♠1,377,873

12
 Russia[n 3]
7006132601600000000♠1,326,016

13
 Australia
7006123085900000000♠1,230,859

14
 Spain
7006119295500000000♠1,192,955

15
 Mexico
7006114072400000000♠1,140,724

16
 Indonesia
7005861934000000000♠861,934

17
 Netherlands
7005750318000000000♠750,318

18
 Turkey
7005717887000000000♠717,887

19
  Switzerland
7005670789000000000♠670,789

20
 Saudi Arabia
7005653219000000000♠653,219

21
 Sweden
7005571090000000000♠571,090

22
 Nigeria
7005568499000000000♠568,499

23
 Poland
7005544959000000000♠544,959

24
 Argentina
7005543490000000000♠543,490

25
 Belgium
7005531547000000000♠531,547

26
 Venezuela
7005509968000000000♠509,968

27
 Norway
7005500519000000000♠500,519

28
 Austria
7005436888000000000♠436,888

29
 Iran
7005425326000000000♠425,326

30
 Thailand
7005404824000000000♠404,824

31
 United Arab Emirates
7005399451000000000♠399,451

32
 Colombia
7005377740000000000♠377,740

33
 South Africa
7005349819000000000♠349,819

34
 Denmark
7005346119000000000♠346,119

35
 Malaysia
7005326933000000000♠326,933

36
 Singapore
7005307872000000000♠307,872

37
 Israel
7005305673000000000♠305,673

38
 Philippines
7005290896000000000♠290,896

39
 Egypt
7005282242000000000♠282,242

40
 Hong Kong
7005274027000000000♠274,027

41
 Finland
7005272217000000000♠272,217

42
 Chile
7005258062000000000♠258,062

43
 Pakistan
7005251255000000000♠251,255

44
 Ireland
7005250814000000000♠250,814

45
 Greece
7005235574000000000♠235,574

46
 Portugal
7005230117000000000♠230,117

47
 Iraq
7005225422000000000♠225,422

48
 Kazakhstan
7005216036000000000♠216,036

49
 Algeria
7005213518000000000♠213,518

50
 Qatar
7005211817000000000♠211,817

51
 Czech Republic
7005205270000000000♠205,270

52
 Peru
7005201809000000000♠201,809

53
 Romania
7005199045000000000♠199,045

54
 New Zealand
7005198652000000000♠198,652

55
 Vietnam
7005186205000000000♠186,205

56
 Bangladesh
7005173062000000000♠173,062

57
 Kuwait
7005163637000000000♠163,637

58
 Angola
7005146676000000000♠146,676

59
 Hungary
7005138347000000000♠138,347

60
 Ukraine
7005131806000000000♠131,806

61
 Morocco
7005110009000000000♠110,009

62
 Puerto Rico
7005103676000000000♠103,676

63
 Ecuador
7005100917000000000♠100,917

64
 Slovakia
7005100249000000000♠100,249

65
 Cuba
7004872050000000000♠87,205

66
 Sudan
7004818940000000000♠81,894

67
 Oman
7004817970000000000♠81,797

68
 Belarus
7004761390000000000♠76,139

69
 Azerbaijan
7004751930000000000♠75,193

70
 Sri Lanka
7004749410000000000♠74,941

71
 Myanmar
7004664780000000000♠66,478

72
 Luxembourg
7004648740000000000♠64,874

73
 Dominican Republic
7004639690000000000♠63,969

74
 Uzbekistan
7004630300000000000♠63,030

75
 Kenya
7004609360000000000♠60,936

76
 Guatemala
7004588270000000000♠58,827

77
 Uruguay
7004574710000000000♠57,471

78
 Croatia
7004571370000000000♠57,137

79
 Bulgaria
7004567180000000000♠56,718

80
 Macau
7004555020000000000♠55,502

81
 Ethiopia
7004536380000000000♠53,638

82
 Lebanon
7004496310000000000♠49,631

83
 Costa Rica
7004495530000000000♠49,553

84
 Slovenia
7004494910000000000♠49,491

85
 Panama
7004491660000000000♠49,166

86
 Lithuania
7004483920000000000♠48,392

87
 Tanzania
7004480300000000000♠48,030

88
 Turkmenistan
7004479320000000000♠47,932

89
 Tunisia
7004474230000000000♠47,423

90
 Serbia
7004438660000000000♠43,866

91
 Libya
7004413190000000000♠41,319

92
 Ghana
7004371770000000000♠37,177

93
 Yemen
7004371310000000000♠37,131

94
 Democratic Republic of the Congo
7004359090000000000♠35,909

95
 Jordan
7004358270000000000♠35,827

96
Cote d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire
7004342540000000000♠34,254

97
 Bahrain
7004338500000000000♠33,850

98
 Bolivia
7004329960000000000♠32,996

99
 Cameroon
7004320510000000000♠32,051

100
 Latvia
7004312860000000000♠31,286

101
 Paraguay
7004309850000000000♠30,985

102
 Trinidad and Tobago
7004280690000000000♠28,069

103
 Uganda
7004274650000000000♠27,465

104
 Zambia
7004269630000000000♠26,963

105
 Estonia
7004264850000000000♠26,485

106
 El Salvador
7004251640000000000♠25,164

107
 Cyprus
7004230770000000000♠23,077

108
 Afghanistan
7004211220000000000♠21,122

109
 Honduras
7004194970000000000♠19,497

110
   Nepal
7004194890000000000♠19,489

111
 Bosnia and Herzegovina
7004184910000000000♠18,491

112
 Gabon
7004174120000000000♠17,412

113
 North Korea
7004173960000000000♠17,396

114
 Brunei
7004171040000000000♠17,104

115
 Mozambique
7004170810000000000♠17,081

116
 Iceland
7004170360000000000♠17,036

117
 Cambodia
7004167780000000000♠16,778

118
 Equatorial Guinea
7004167310000000000♠16,731

119
 Papua New Guinea
7004165760000000000♠16,576

120
 Georgia
7004165300000000000♠16,530

121
 Botswana
7004158130000000000♠15,813

122
 Senegal
7004156580000000000♠15,658

123
 Zimbabwe
7004147190000000000♠14,719

124
 Congo, Republic of the
7004140770000000000♠14,077

125
 Jamaica
7004139270000000000♠13,927

126
 Namibia
7004134290000000000♠13,429

127
 Albania
7004134130000000000♠13,413

128
 Chad
7004127910000000000♠12,791

129
 Arab Palestinian areas
7004127660000000000♠12,766

130
 Burkina Faso
7004127560000000000♠12,756

131
 Mauritius
7004126160000000000♠12,616

132
 Mongolia
7004120670000000000♠12,067

133
 Mali
7004119790000000000♠11,979

134
 Nicaragua
7004118060000000000♠11,806

135
 Laos
7004117490000000000♠11,749

136
 Macedonia
7004113190000000000♠11,319

137
 South Sudan
7004110070000000000♠11,007

138
 Armenia
7004108890000000000♠10,889

139
 Madagascar
7004106740000000000♠10,674

140
 Malta
7004105360000000000♠10,536

141
 New Caledonia
7004102340000000000♠10,234

142
 Benin
7003957500000000000♠9,575

143
 Tajikistan
7003924200000000000♠9,242

144
 Haiti
7003859900000000000♠8,599

145
 The Bahamas
7003851000000000000♠8,510

146
 Niger
7003816900000000000♠8,169

147
 Moldova
7003794400000000000♠7,944

148
 Rwanda
7003790300000000000♠7,903

149
 Kyrgyzstan
7003740400000000000♠7,404

150
 Kosovo
7003738700000000000♠7,387

151
 Monaco
7003706000000000000♠7,060

152
 Guinea
7003657900000000000♠6,579

153
 Liechtenstein
7003585500000000000♠5,855

154
 Malawi
7003572000000000000♠5,720

155
 French Polynesia
7003562300000000000♠5,623

156
 Bermuda
7003560100000000000♠5,601

157
 Suriname
7003521000000000000♠5,210

158
 Mauritania
7003509200000000000♠5,092

159
 Timor-Leste
7003497000000000000♠4,970

160
 Sierra Leone
7003489300000000000♠4,893

161
 Montenegro
7003458800000000000♠4,588

162
 Togo
7003457600000000000♠4,576

163
 Fiji
7003453200000000000♠4,532

164
 Swaziland
7003448200000000000♠4,482

165
 Barbados
7003435300000000000♠4,353

166
 Eritrea
7003385800000000000♠3,858

167
 Cayman Islands
7003348000000000000♠3,480

168
 Andorra
7003327800000000000♠3,278

169
 Curaçao
7003315900000000000♠3,159

170
 Guyana
7003308600000000000♠3,086

171
 Maldives
7003303200000000000♠3,032

172
 Burundi
7003286900000000000♠2,869

173
 Aruba
7003266400000000000♠2,664

174
 Greenland
7003244100000000000♠2,441

175
 Liberia
7003212200000000000♠2,122

176
 Lesotho
7003208100000000000♠2,081

177
 Bhutan
7003196500000000000♠1,965

178
 Cape Verde
7003185500000000000♠1,855

179
 San Marino
7003184500000000000♠1,845

180
 Central African Republic
7003183800000000000♠1,838

181
 Belize
7003169900000000000♠1,699

182
 Djibouti
7003158900000000000♠1,589

183
 Seychelles
7003151100000000000♠1,511

184
 Saint Lucia
7003140600000000000♠1,406

185
 Somalia
7003137500000000000♠1,375

186
 Zanzibar
7003128900000000000♠1,289

187
 Antigua and Barbuda
7003124800000000000♠1,248

188
 Guinea-Bissau
7003120900000000000♠1,209

189
 Solomon Islands
7003110300000000000♠1,103

190
 Sint Maarten
7003105900000000000♠1,059

191
 British Virgin Islands
7002902000000000000♠902

192
 Grenada
7002884000000000000♠884

193
 Saint Kitts and Nevis
7002852000000000000♠852

194
 The Gambia
7002851000000000000♠851

195
 Samoa
7002824000000000000♠824

196
 Vanuatu
7002812000000000000♠812

197
 Turks and Caicos Islands
7002797000000000000♠797

198
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
7002729000000000000♠729

199
 Comoros
7002648000000000000♠648

200
 Dominica
7002533000000000000♠533

201
 Tonga
7002435000000000000♠435

202
Sao Tome and Principe São Tomé and Príncipe
7002337000000000000♠337

203
 Federated States of Micronesia
7002308000000000000♠308

204
 Cook Islands
7002311000000000000♠311

205
 Anguilla
7002311000000000000♠311

206
 Palau
7002234000000000000♠234

207
 Marshall Islands
7002209000000000000♠209

208
 Nauru
7002182000000000000♠182

209
 Kiribati
7002180000000000000♠180

210
 Montserrat
7001630000000000000♠63

211
 Tuvalu
7001380000000000000♠38