document_title: Draft lottery (1969)

question_text: when did the us start drafting for vietnam

text: Draft lottery (1969)

text: Method[edit]

text: The days of the year (including February 29) were written on slips of paper. These pieces of paper were then placed in separate plastic capsules that were mixed in a shoebox and then dumped into a deep glass jar. Capsules were drawn from the jar one at a time.

text: The first number drawn was 258 (September 14), so all registrants with that birthday were assigned lottery number 1. The second number drawn corresponded to April 24, and so forth. All men of draft age (born 1944 to 1950) who shared a birth date would be called to serve at once. The first 195 birthdates drawn were later called to serve in the order they were drawn; the last of these was September 24.[1]

text: Also on December 1, 1969, a second lottery was held with the 26 letters of the alphabet. The first letter drawn was "J", which was assigned number 1. The second letter was "G", and so on, until all 26 letters were assigned numbers, with the last being "V". Among men with the same birthdate, the order of induction was determined by the ranks of the first letters of their last, first, and middle names.[2] Anyone with initials "JJJ" would have been first within the shared birthdate, followed by "JGJ", "JDJ", and "JXJ"; anyone with initials "VVV" would have been last.[3]

text: People soon noticed that the lottery numbers were not distributed uniformly over the year. In particular, November and December births, or dates 306 to 366, were assigned mainly to lower draft numbers representing earlier calls to serve (see figure). This led to complaints that the lottery was not random as the legislation required. Analysis of the procedure suggested that mixing 366 capsules in the shoe box did not mix them sufficiently before dumping them into the jar. ("The capsules were put in a box month by month, January through December, and subsequent mixing efforts were insufficient to overcome this sequencing.")[2] Only five days in December—Dec. 2, 12, 15, 17 and 19—were higher than the last call number of 195; had the days been evenly distributed, 14 days in December would have been expected to remain uncalled. From January to December, the rank of the average draft pick numbers were 5 4 1 3 2 6 8 9 10 7 11 12. A Monte Carlo simulation found that the probability of a random order of months being this close to the 1–12 sequence expected for unsorted slips was 0.09%.[4]

text: Draft lotteries were conducted again in 1970 (for those born in 1951) and from 1971 to 1975 (for 1952 to 1956 births). The draft numbers issued in 1972 were never used the next year to call for induction into service, because the last call was December 7 and authority to induct expired on June 30, 1973.

text: The 1972 to 1975 lottery numbers were used to call some men born 1953 to 1956 for physical exams. The highest number called for a physical was 215 (for tables 1970 through 1976).[3]

text: Origins and consequences[edit]

text: The reason for the 1969 draft was to add personnel to the Vietnam War. After World War II, Japan left Vietnamese Emperor Bao Dai in command. Ho Chi Minh, another Vietnamese leader, saw this as an opportunity to strike and took over Hanoi. Ho Chi Minh then set up the Democratic Republic of Vietnam. Emperor Bo, in the South, set up the Vietnam State with Saigon as the capital. Ho Chi Minh was basing his political structure off of the communist states such as Russia while Emperor Bao Dai in the south wanted a Vietnam that was modeled after the west, like the United States.[5]

text: The North and the South began armed conflict against one another until the battle of Dien Bien Phu in 1954 ended with the Viet Minh forces as the victor. Afterwards at the Geneva conference Vietnam was split along the 17th latitude. There was supposed to be a reunification election in 1956 but another leader took over the South. Ngo Dinh Diem took over leadership from Emperor Bao Dai who took a very hard stance against communism.[5]

text: In other parts of the world, the Cold War was intensifying between Soviet Russia and the United States. The U.S. was becoming more rigid in its policies with the communist allies of Russia. President Dwight D. Eisenhower started supporting the South Vietnamese who were also against the communist north.[5]

text: The U.S. began training and equipping Diem's forces with weapons. Conflicts between communist sympathizers began occurring in the South. At the time, the U.S. had only committed around 800 personnel to train and outfit the South Vietnamese. In 1961, the John F. Kennedy administration started working under the “Domino Theory,” which stated that if South Vietnam was to fall to the North, then other places in southeast Asia were to become vulnerable to the communists as well. This caused President Kennedy to begin sending additional American soldiers to Vietnam. By 1962, there were around 9,000 personnel in Vietnam.[5]

text: In 1963, a coup was organized by South Vietnamese generals which resulted in the death of Diem. President Lyndon B. Johnson increased U.S. personnel in Vietnam due to the political instability in the country. In August 1964, two U.S. warships were attacked by North Vietnamese torpedo boats. Johnson issued an attack order against North Vietnam, and Congress passed a motion which gave him more authority over military decisions. In 1965, President Johnson had sent 82,000 troops to Vietnam, and his officials wanted another 175,000. Due to the heavy demand for military personnel, the United States required more than what the regular military could provide, causing the acceleration of the draft. Between 1965 and 1972 the draft provided 2,215,000 service members to the U.S. military.[5]

text: Previously in the United States, during the War of 1812, President Madison established a commission to recommend the best ways to raise military manpower; to keep the draft or to institute a volunteer army.[6]

text: After much debate within the Nixon administration and Congress, it was decided that an all-volunteer force was affordable, feasible, and would enhance the nation’s security.[7] President Richard Nixon issued an executive order prescribing regulations for random selection by the United States Selective Service on November 26, 1969.[8]

text: In the 1960s anti-war movements started to occur in the U.S., mainly among those on college campuses and in more leftist circles, especially those who embraced the “hippie” lifestyle.[9] College students were entitled to a deferment (2-S status) but were subject to the draft if they dropped out or graduated.[10]

text: In 1967, the number of U.S. military personnel in Vietnam was around 500,000. The war was costing the U.S. $25 billion a year, and many of the young men drafted were being sent to a war they wanted no part of. Martin Luther King Jr. also started to support the anti-war movement on the grounds of it being immoral and the amount of African Americans that were being killed.[9]

text: November 15, 1969 marked the largest anti war movement in the history of the United States. This protest featured many anti-war political speakers and popular singers of the time. Many people at the time saw Richard Nixon as a liar; when he took office, he claimed that he would begin troop withdrawals from Vietnam immediately. After ten months of being in office, the president had yet to start withdrawals, and United States citizens felt lied to. Later, president Nixon claimed to have been watching sports as the anti-war demonstration took place outside the White House.[9]

text: The 1970s were a time of turmoil in the United States, beginning with the civil rights movement which set the standards for practices by the anti-war movement. The 1969 draft lottery only encouraged resentment of the Vietnam War and the draft. It strengthened the anti-war movement,[verification needed] and all over the United States, people decried discrimination by the draft system "against low-education, low-income, underprivileged members of society".[11]

text: The draft lottery had social and economic consequences because it generated resistance to military service and the resisters, draft evaders or "draft dodgers", were generally young, well-educated, healthy men. The fear of military service in Vietnam influenced many young men born in the late 1940s to join the National Guard. These young men were aware that the National Guard would be unlikely to send its soldiers to Vietnam. Many men were unable to join the National Guard, even though they had passed their physicals, because many state National Guards had long waiting lists just to enlist. Still others chose legal sanctions such as imprisonment, either showing their disapproval by burning their draft cards or draft letters, or simply not presenting themselves for the military service test. Others left the country, commonly moving to Canada. The number of American citizens who moved to Canada during the Vietnam war because of the draft is estimated to be around 125,000; it is believed that about half returned to the United States after the Nixon era (when the war was also over)(1975).[citation needed]

text: Modification[edit]

text: Lottery procedure was improved the next year although public discontent continued to grow [12] until "authority to induct expired on June 30, 1973".[3]

text: In 1970, covering 1951 birthdates for use during 1971 (sometimes called the 1971 draft), scientists at the National Bureau of Standards prepared 78 random permutations of the numbers 1 to 366 using random numbers selected from published tables.[13] From the 78 permutations, 25 were selected at random and transcribed to calendars using 1 = January 1, 2 = January 2, ... 365 = December 31. Those calendars were sealed in envelopes. 25 more permutations were selected and sealed in 25 more envelopes without transcription to calendars. The two sets of 25 envelopes were furnished to the Selective Service System.[13]

text: On June 2, an official picked two envelopes, thus one calendar and one raw permutation. The 365 birthdates (for 1951) were written down, placed in capsules, and put in a drum in the order dictated by the selected calendar. Similarly, the numbers from 1 to 365 were written down and placed into capsules in the order dictated by the raw permutation.[13]

text: On July 1, the drawing date, one drum was rotated for an hour and the other for a half-hour (its rotating mechanism failed).[13] Pairs of capsules were then drawn, one from each drum, one with a 1951 birthdate and one with a number 1 to 366. The first date and number drawn were September 16 and 139, so all men born September 16, 1951, were assigned draft number 139. The 11th draws were the date July 9 and the number 1, so men born July 9 were assigned draft number 1 and drafted first.[13]

text: Present Day Use[edit]

text: The military draft method used back in the 1950s and 1960s involved using dates and numbers mixed randomly and then drawn to decide who would go to war. In the present-day, not much has changed on how the draft would be conducted if it was ever needed. The Selective Service Committee who presides over the draft procedures still have a large tumbler that holds all the number and dates that will be drawn to select candidates and the only thing that seems to have changed between the method of the past and the present one is that instead of using pieces of paper in blue capsules the SSC now uses ping pong balls with the dates and numbers on them.[14]


document_title: SEC Championship Game

question_text: when was the last time georgia won a sec championship

root

text: SEC Championship Game

text: History[edit]

text: The SEC was the first NCAA conference in any division to hold a football championship game that was exempt from NCAA limits on regular-season contests. Such a game was made possible by two separate developments. The first came in 1987, when the NCAA membership approved a proposal sponsored by the Division II Pennsylvania State Athletic Conference and Central Intercollegiate Athletic Association that allowed any conference with 12 football members to split into divisions and stage a championship game between the divisional winners. The SEC took advantage of this rule by adding the University of Arkansas and the University of South Carolina in 1992, bringing the conference membership to 12, and splitting into two football divisions.[1] The format has since been adopted by other conferences to decide their football champion (the first being the Big 12 in 1996). If two SEC teams split a season series 1-1 but one team wins the SEC championship the winnings team victory makes the season series 1.5 to 1

tag: p

text: The first two SEC Championship Games were held at Legion Field in Birmingham, Alabama. From 1994 until 2016, the game has been played at the Georgia Dome in Atlanta.[2] With the Georgia Dome scheduled to be demolished after the 2016 season, the SEC chose to keep the title game in Atlanta at the Georgia Dome's replacement, Mercedes-Benz Stadium. The game will be played at the new stadium through 2027.[3]

text: In 2016, Alabama and Florida met in the SEC Championship Game for the ninth time in the twenty-five year history of the game, the record for the most times any two teams have faced each other in the championship game. And at least one of those two teams has qualified for the game in 14 of 25 seasons. The only other matchup in the SEC Championship played more than twice is Georgia and LSU, which has been played three times. Alabama has faced Florida in nine of their eleven SEC Championship Game appearances. In addition, the 2009 game marked the second consecutive year that the No. 1 (Florida) and No. 2 (Alabama) ranked teams in the AP Poll met in the SEC Championship game. 2009 was the first time any conference championship game had featured two undefeated teams. Alabama won 32–13 and earned a berth in the 2010 BCS National Championship Game, which it went on to win as well.

text: Auburn and Missouri met in the 2013 SEC Championship Game (in Missouri's 2nd year in the SEC). Auburn won the game 59–42, breaking the previous record of 56 points for most points scored by a single team in the SEC Championship Game (previously set by Auburn in 2010).

text: In recent years, the game has been nicknamed the "national semifinal" for college football. The 2008, 2009, and 2012 games were essentially national semifinal games, as both participating teams were virtually guaranteed a berth in the BCS national championship game with a win. The 2013 game was not thought of as such at the time of the game, but results of other games later that day meant that it effectively was such a semifinal.

text: Between 2006 and 2013 the winner of the SEC Championship Game went on to play in the BCS National Championship Game eight straight years, posting a 6-2 record in the game. Since 2014, the SEC Championship Game winner has gone on to appear in the College Football Playoff every season.

text: Results[edit]

text: Results from all SEC Championship games that have been played.[4] Rankings are from the AP Poll released prior to matchup.

text:
Year
Eastern Division
Western Division
Site
Attendance
TV Rating
MVP

1992
12 Florida Gators
21
2 Alabama Crimson Tide
28
Legion Field • Birmingham, AL
83,091
9.8
CB Antonio Langham, Alabama

1993
9 Florida Gators
28
16 Alabama Crimson Tide
13
76,345

QB Terry Dean, Florida

1994
6 Florida Gators
24
3 Alabama Crimson Tide
23
Georgia Dome • Atlanta, GA
74,751
10.5
DT Ellis Johnson, Florida

1995
2 Florida Gators
34
23 Arkansas Razorbacks
3
71,325
7.2
QB Danny Wuerffel, Florida

1996
4 Florida Gators
45
11 Alabama Crimson Tide
30
74,132
7.0
QB Danny Wuerffel, Florida

1997
3 Tennessee Volunteers
30
11 Auburn Tigers
29
74,896

QB Peyton Manning, Tennessee

1998
1 Tennessee Volunteers
24
23 Mississippi State Bulldogs
14
74,795

WR Peerless Price, Tennessee

1999
5 Florida Gators
7
7 Alabama Crimson Tide
34
71,500

WR Freddie Milons, Alabama

2000
7 Florida Gators
28
18 Auburn Tigers
6
73,427

QB Rex Grossman, Florida

2001
2 Tennessee Volunteers
20
21 LSU Tigers
31
74,843
7.0
QB Matt Mauck, LSU

2002
4 Georgia Bulldogs
30
22 Arkansas Razorbacks
3
75,835
3.2
QB David Greene, Georgia

2003
5 Georgia Bulldogs
13
3 LSU Tigers
34
74,913
4.1
RB Justin Vincent, LSU

2004
15 Tennessee Volunteers
28
3 Auburn Tigers
38
74,892
4.8
QB Jason Campbell, Auburn

2005
13 Georgia Bulldogs
34
3 LSU Tigers
14
73,717
3.9
QB D. J. Shockley, Georgia

2006
4 Florida Gators
38
8 Arkansas Razorbacks
28
73,374
4.7
WR Percy Harvin, Florida

2007
15 Tennessee Volunteers
14
5 LSU Tigers
21
73,832
6.0
QB Ryan Perrilloux, LSU

2008
2 Florida Gators
31
1 Alabama Crimson Tide
20
75,892
10.4
QB Tim Tebow, Florida

2009
1 Florida Gators
13
2 Alabama Crimson Tide
32
75,514
11.8
QB Greg McElroy, Alabama

2010
19 South Carolina Gamecocks
17
1 Auburn Tigers
56
75,802
6.3
QB Cam Newton, Auburn

2011
12 Georgia Bulldogs
10
1 LSU Tigers
42
74,515
7.4
CB Tyrann Mathieu, LSU

2012
3 Georgia Bulldogs
28
2 Alabama Crimson Tide
32
75,624
10.0
RB Eddie Lacy, Alabama

2013
5 Missouri Tigers
42
3 Auburn Tigers
59
75,632
8.7
RB Tre Mason, Auburn

2014
14 Missouri Tigers
13
1 Alabama Crimson Tide
42
73,526
7.7
QB Blake Sims, Alabama

2015
18 Florida Gators
15
2 Alabama Crimson Tide
29
75,320
8.3[5]
RB Derrick Henry, Alabama

2016
15 Florida Gators
16
1 Alabama Crimson Tide
54
74,632
7.0
LB Reuben Foster, Alabama

2017
6 Georgia Bulldogs
28
4 Auburn Tigers
7
Mercedes-Benz Stadium • Atlanta, GA
76,532
8.4
LB Roquan Smith, Georgia

tag: table

text: Results by team[edit]

text:
Appearances
School
Wins
Losses
Win %
Year(s) Won

12
Florida
7
5
.583
1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 2000, 2006, 2008

11
Alabama
7
4
.636
1992, 1999, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2015, 2016

6
Auburn
3
3
.500
2004, 2010, 2013

6
Georgia
3
3
.500
2002, 2005, 2017

5
LSU
4
1
.800
2001, 2003, 2007, 2011

5
Tennessee
2
3
.400
1997, 1998

3
Arkansas
0
3
.000

2
Missouri
0
2
.000

1
Mississippi State
0
1
.000

1
South Carolina
0
1
.000

text: Kentucky, Ole Miss, Texas A&M, and Vanderbilt have yet to make an appearance in an SEC Championship Game.

tag: ul

text: Home/away designation[edit]

text: The team designated as the "home" team alternates between division champions. The designation goes to the Eastern champion in even-numbered years and the Western champion in odd-numbered years.

text: After the 2017 contest, the designated "home" team is 15–11 overall in SEC championship games.

text: In 2009, the Western division champion, Alabama, was the home team, ending a streak where the SEC Western team had worn white jerseys in nine consecutive SEC Championship Games (2000–2008). This was because LSU had represented the Western division in the previous four seasons that the Western division champion was the "home" team, and LSU traditionally chooses to wear white jerseys for home games. Additionally, for the next three years (2010–2012), the Eastern representative wore their home jerseys because in 2011, LSU again represented the Western division.[4]

text: Rematches[edit]

text: The SEC Championship game has featured a rematch of a regular season game a total of seven times (1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2010, 2017). The team which won the regular season game is 5–2 in the rematches, the exceptions being 2001 and 2017.

text: Common matchups[edit]

text: Matchups that have occurred more than once:

text:
# of Times
East Division
West Division
Record
Years Played

9
Florida
Alabama
Alabama 5–4
1992, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2008, 2009, 2015, 2016

3
Georgia
LSU
LSU 2–1
2003, 2005, 2011

2
Florida
Arkansas
Florida 2–0
1995, 2006

2
Tennessee
Auburn
Tied 1–1
1997, 2004

2
Tennessee
LSU
LSU 2–0
2001, 2007

text: Selection criteria[edit]

text: Division standings are based on each team's overall conference record. The SEC Commissioner's Regulations requires each football team play all eight conference games in a season in order to be eligible to compete for a divisional title and play in the SEC Championship Game. Often, two or more teams tie for the best record in their division and each team is recognized as a divisional co-champion. However, tiebreakers are used to determine who will represent the division in the championship game.[6]

text: Two-team tie-breaker procedure[edit]

text:
Head-to-head competition between the two tied teams.
Records of the tied teams within the division.
Records against the team within the division with the best overall (divisional and non-divisional) conference record and proceeding through the division. Multiple ties within the division will be broken from first to last.
Complete record vs. all non-divisional opponents.
Complete record vs. all common non-divisional teams if there be any.
Record vs. common non-divisional opponent (if there be any) with the best overall conference (divisional and non-divisional) record and proceeding through other common non-divisional teams based on their order of finish within their division.
Best cumulative conference winning percentage of non-divisional opponents
Coin flip of the tied teams

tag: ol

text: NOTE: Although all division rivals meet during the season and NCAA overtime is played in case of a tie game, the SEC has provisions in case a game ends in a tie under NCAA Rule 3-3-3 (c) and (d), Suspending the Game, or if the two tied teams did not play an official game because of weather. As such, SEC rules still contain the remaining procedures if those circumstances were to happen.[6]

text: Three or more-team procedure[edit]

text: (Once the tie has been reduced to two teams, go to the two-team tie-breaker format.)

text:
Combined head-to-head record among the tied teams.
Record of the tied teams within the division.
Records against the team within the division with the best overall (divisional and non-divisional) Conference record and proceeding through the division. Multiple ties within the division will be broken from first to last.
Complete record vs. non-division teams.
Complete record vs. all common non-divisional teams.
Record vs. common non-divisional team with the best overall Conference (divisional and non-divisional) record and proceeding through other common non-divisional teams based on their order of finish within their division.
Best cumulative Conference winning percentage of non-divisional opponents (Note: If two teams' non-divisional opponents have the same cumulative record, then the two-team tiebreaker procedures apply. If four teams are tied, and three teams' non-divisional opponents have the same cumulative record, the three-team tiebreaker procedures will be used beginning with #1
Coin flip of the tied teams with the team with the odd result being the representative (Example: If there are two teams with tails and one team with heads, the team with heads is the representative)

text: Winner's bowl performance[edit]

text: Currently the SEC champion plays in the Sugar Bowl unless they have been selected to play in a College Football Playoff semi-final bowl.[7] In the SEC Championship Game era, ten winners of the game have gone on to win the national title (outright or shared), with eleven SEC teams winning national titles overall, including seven consecutive titles from the 2006–2012 seasons. In 2011 LSU won the SEC Championship Game and advanced to the BCS National Championship Game which they lost 21–0 to fellow SEC member Alabama.

text: Rankings are from the AP Poll at the time the game was played.

text:
Season
SEC Champ
Result
Opponent
Opp. Conference
Bowl Game
National Champion

1992
#2 Alabama
W 34–13
#1 Miami
Big East
1993 Sugar Bowl[8]
Alabama

1993
#8 Florida
W 41–7
#3 West Virginia
Big East
1994 Sugar Bowl
Florida State

1994
#5 Florida
L 17–23
#7 Florida State
ACC
1995 Sugar Bowl
Nebraska

1995
#2 Florida
L 24–62
#1 Nebraska
Big 8
1996 Fiesta Bowl[8]
Nebraska

1996
#3 Florida
W 52–20
#1 Florida State
ACC
1997 Sugar Bowl
Florida

1997
#3 Tennessee
L 17–42
#2 Nebraska
Big 12
1998 Orange Bowl[8]
Nebraska, Michigan[9]

1998
#1 Tennessee
W 23–16
#2 Florida State
ACC
1999 Fiesta Bowl[10]
Tennessee

1999
#5 Alabama
L 34–35 OT
#8 Michigan
Big Ten
2000 Orange Bowl[11]
Florida State

2000
#7 Florida
L 20–37
#2 Miami
Big East
2001 Sugar Bowl
Oklahoma

2001
#12 LSU
W 47–34
#7 Illinois
Big Ten
2002 Sugar Bowl
Miami

2002
#4 Georgia
W 26–13
#16 Florida State
ACC
2003 Sugar Bowl
Ohio State

2003
#3 LSU
W 21–14
#2 Oklahoma
Big 12
2004 Sugar Bowl[10]
LSU, USC[12][13]

2004
#3 Auburn
W 16–13
#9 Virginia Tech
ACC
2005 Sugar Bowl
USC[14]

2005
#8 Georgia
L 35–38
#13 West Virginia
Big East
2006 Sugar Bowl
Texas

2006
#2 Florida
W 41–14
#1 Ohio State
Big Ten
2007 BCS Champ. Game[10]
Florida

2007
#2 LSU
W 38–24
#1 Ohio State
Big Ten
2008 BCS Champ. Game[10]
LSU

2008
#2 Florida
W 24–14
#1 Oklahoma
Big 12
2009 BCS Champ. Game[10]
Florida

2009
#1 Alabama
W 37–21
#2 Texas
Big 12
2010 BCS Champ. Game[10]
Alabama

2010
#1 Auburn
W 22–19
#2 Oregon
Pac-10
2011 BCS Champ. Game[10]
Auburn

2011
#1 LSU
L 0–21
#2 Alabama
SEC
2012 BCS Champ. Game[10]
Alabama

2012
#2 Alabama
W 42–14
#1 Notre Dame
Independent
2013 BCS Champ. Game[10]
Alabama

2013
#2 Auburn
L 31–34
#1 Florida State
ACC
2014 BCS Champ. Game[10]
Florida State

2014
#1 Alabama
L 35–42
#4 Ohio State
Big Ten
2015 Sugar Bowl (CFP Semifinal)
Ohio State

2015
#2 Alabama
W 38–0
#3 Michigan State
Big Ten
2015 Cotton Bowl (CFP Semifinal)
Alabama

W 45–40
#1 Clemson
ACC
2016 CFP National Championship

2016
#1 Alabama
W 24-7
#4 Washington
Pac-12
2016 Peach Bowl (CFP Semifinal)
Clemson

L 31–35
#2 Clemson
ACC
2017 CFP National Championship

2017
#3 Georgia
W 54-48
#2 Oklahoma
Big 12
2018 Rose Bowl (CFP Semifinal)
Alabama

L 23-26 OT
#4 Alabama
SEC
2018 CFP National Championship

text: Runner up's bowl performance[edit]

text:
Season
SEC Runner Up
Result
Opponent
Opp. Conference
Bowl Game

1992
#14 Florida
W 27–10
#12 NC State
ACC
1992 Gator Bowl

1993
#18 Alabama
W 24–10
#12 North Carolina
ACC
1993 Gator Bowl

1994
#6 Alabama
W 24–17
#13 Ohio State
Big Ten
1995 Citrus Bowl

1995
#24 Arkansas
L 10–20
North Carolina
ACC
1995 Carquest Bowl

1996
#16 Alabama
W 17–14
#15 Michigan
Big Ten
1997 Outback Bowl

1997
#13 Auburn
W 21–17
Clemson
ACC
1998 Peach Bowl

1998
#25 Mississippi State
L 11–38
#20 Texas
Big 12
1999 Cotton Bowl

1999
#10 Florida
L 34–37
#9 Michigan State
Big Ten
2000 Citrus Bowl

2000
#20 Auburn
L 28–31
#17 Michigan
Big Ten
2001 Citrus Bowl

2001
#8 Tennessee
W 45–17
#17 Michigan
Big Ten
2002 Citrus Bowl

2002
#25 Arkansas
L 14–29
Minnesota
Big Ten
2002 Music City Bowl

2003
#11 Georgia
W 34–27
#12 Purdue
Big Ten
2004 Capital One Bowl

2004
#15 Tennessee
W 38–7
#22 Texas A&M
Big 12
2005 Cotton Bowl

2005
#10 LSU
W 40–3
#9 Miami
ACC
2005 Peach Bowl

2006
#12 Arkansas
L 14–17
#6 Wisconsin
Big Ten
2007 Capital One Bowl

2007
#16 Tennessee
W 21–17
#18 Wisconsin
Big Ten
2008 Outback Bowl

2008
#4 Alabama
L 17–31
#6 Utah
Mountain West
2009 Sugar Bowl

2009
#5 Florida
W 51–24
#4 Cincinnati
Big East
2010 Sugar Bowl

2010
#19 South Carolina
L 17–26
#23 Florida State
ACC
2010 Chick-Fil-A Bowl

2011
#18 Georgia
L 30–33 3OT
#12 Michigan State
Big Ten
2012 Outback Bowl

2012
#7 Georgia
W 45–31
#16 Nebraska
Big Ten
2013 Capital One Bowl

2013
#9 Missouri
W 41–31
#13 Oklahoma State
Big 12
2014 Cotton Bowl Classic

2014
#16 Missouri
W 33–17
#25 Minnesota
Big Ten
2015 Citrus Bowl

2015
#19 Florida
L 7–41
#14 Michigan
Big Ten
2016 Citrus Bowl

2016
#20 Florida
W 30–3
#21 Iowa
Big Ten
2017 Outback Bowl

2017
#7 Auburn
L 27-34
#10 UCF
American
2018 Peach Bowl

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Staples, Andy (May 16, 2014). "Should NCAA alter title game requirements? Look at the rule's origin". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved January 5, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Southeastern Conference". www.secsports.com.
Jump up ^ "SEC Championship Game to remain in Atlanta until 2027". ESPN. Retrieved 8 September 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Southeastern Conference". secsports.com.
Jump up ^ "CFB Week 14 Overnights: SEC Championship Top Game of Season - Sports Media Watch". 6 December 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Southeastern Conference". www.secdigitalnetwork.com.
Jump up ^ "nokiasugarbowl.com". www.nokiasugarbowl.com.
^ Jump up to: a b c Bowl Coalition (1992-1994) or Bowl Alliance (1995-1997) Championship Game
Jump up ^ Nebraska shared the 1997 NCAA title with Michigan
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j BCS National Championship Game
Jump up ^ Alabama took the spot of ACC champion Florida State in the Orange Bowl, as the Seminoles were selected to play in the BCS national championship game in the Sugar Bowl.
Jump up ^ "Maisel: Power to the people". ESPN.com. 14 July 2004.
Jump up ^ http://media.www.mtsusidelines.com/media/storage/paper202/news/2004/01/14/Sports/Lsu-Usc.Split.National.Championship-580477.shtml
Jump up ^ Southern California won the BCS Championship but the title was vacated following an investigation into improper payments to various players. USC retained its AP National Championship.


document_title: Donna Pinciotti

question_text: when does donna go blonde in that 70s show

text: Donna Pinciotti

text: Storylines[edit]

text: Donna's relationship with next-door neighbor Eric Forman is often the main focus of the series. However, it is tumultuous at times, having suffered two break-ups during the show's run. Despite this, Eric and Donna often act as the "parents" of the group, being mature and responsible when their friends are not, for example in episodes like "Dine and Dash". Another episode that illustrates their parenthood of the group is when they have just broken up and Eric takes them all out and returns late. He and Donna engage in an argument because Eric gives Fez ice cream and Donna is angry because he wouldn't be hungry for dinner. When Fez is going to be deported, she and Eric become upset because "their" Fez is leaving. Eric is sometimes threatened by his feeling inferior to her, especially during the third season, when she gets a job as a disc jockey.

text: Donna and Eric lose their virginity to each other in the beginning of season two, after many failed attempts to "do it". Their sexual activity was revealed once in a very humiliating manner, when a policeman catches them having sex in the back of Eric's car and takes them back to his parents home, where Red forces Donna to tell her parents or else he would tell them. This further cements Kitty's subconscious view of Donna as a rival for the role of being the primary woman in Eric's life.

text: In the beginning of the series, Hyde is also interested in Donna along with Eric. Donna makes her choice clear, however, when she blows off her "study date" with Hyde to hang out with Eric. Even after the relationship between Eric and Donna is established, for a short time Donna usually goes to Hyde when she feels unsure about her relationship and needs to talk about it. In such circumstances, Hyde usually referred to her as the "hot neighbor girl" and Eric as the "scrawny little neighbor boy", or some variation of these. Though a romantic relationship between Donna and Hyde is never established, Hyde initially liked Donna and would have been interested in her if Eric had not kissed her first (as stated in the episode "It's a Wonderful Life"). Hyde still tries to win Donna in the beginning when she and Eric weren't together. There are even some comments by Fez during that season that mock Hyde over these failed attempts. When the group goes to Jackie's father's cabin for a ski trip, Hyde decides to kiss Donna and is slapped for his efforts, ending his infatuation but not their close friendship. Hyde never shows any significant interest in Donna again.

text: Toward the end of season three, Donna's job as a disc jockey is taking priority over her relationship with Eric, causing her to cancel their dates. While Donna genuinely felt that she was right to do this and was simply following her goals through to their logical conclusion with wanting to be a writer and a newswoman, her actions provoked a bad response in the normally even-keeled Eric, who feels that Donna is not taking him and/or their relationship seriously. Unable to resolve the conflict, Eric breaks up with her in the third season finale "The Promise Ring". Throughout season four, much awkwardness ensues over rights to the basement and trying to find new relationships. Donna is a bit annoyed at just how many girls are interested in Eric and happily mocks him when his attempts at finding a new girlfriend backfires. When she finds out he dated another while they were apart (he kept it a secret), she is absolutely furious, believing he cheated on her.

text: During the fourth season, Donna begins dating Casey Kelso (Luke Wilson), Michael Kelso's older brother. Even though he is flaky, a few years older than she is and against Donna's feminist beliefs, Donna thinks Casey is the perfect boyfriend, for he seems to be sensitive, good-natured, laid-back and easy-going. Eric sees Casey for what he is: an oversexed frat boy who just wants to sleep with Donna and move on to the next girl. Eric tries to warn Donna but she ignores him and he then threatens to hurt Casey if he hurts Donna.

text: Donna ends up skipping school to get drunk with Casey. When Eric and Kitty witness this, they (along with Red and Bob) decide to intervene, and in an animated discussion in the Formans' living room, Casey dumps Donna, deciding that his relationship with her is not worth the hassle, also admits that he never loved her. The realization of her own overconfidence, poor judgment and being dumped in front of the people who meant the most to her came as a shock to Donna, who regarded herself as an ideal feminist, but who'd fallen for the type of man she always swore she would never be with.

text: Hurt, humiliated and heartbroken, Donna turns to Eric, who offers his sympathy. When a shaken-up, crying Donna tells him she wants to be with him again, he refuses, believing that she did not really want him for who he was but simply wanted a way to feel better about herself and would most likely dump him when someone better came along. A tearful Donna pleads with him to take her back but he refuses to be her "second choice". Eric is unwavering in his decision, until his father and mother pointed out to him that he was being an idiot. Even Kitty, who normally doted over him, called him a "dumbass".

text: Unable to handle being rejected by her first love, an emotionally wrecked Donna flees Point Place for California, where she lives with her mother and tries to sort out her feelings. She decides she truly does love Eric and tries to call him but couldn't get hold of him; she suspects he no longer wants her and has moved on to another girl, leaving her rather depressed. But then, to her delight, Eric shows up in California looking for her, and the two very romantically reunite and return to Point Place. When Donna comes home from California, the normally easy-going Bob sends her to a Catholic school as punishment, an act that Donna deeply resents and hates for the remainder of the school year. This occasion also gave the writers/creators an opportunity to change Donna's common "lumberjack" attire as she now wore, for a few episodes, the school's uniform consisting of a plaid skirt, a white shirt and long white knee-high socks. Her new looks also provided openings for jokes from the boys about Donna's sexiness, which underlies their views of her throughout the series, no matter what type of attire she is wearing.

text: In season five, Eric ignores the objections of their friends and proposes to her at the water tower, which Donna accepts. Once Red and Kitty find out about the engagement, they are shocked. Kitty in particular, reacted badly, claiming that Donna is trying to snatch her "baby" away from her. Despite enduring a great deal of flak (mostly from Red), Eric stays loyal to Donna and their marriage plans, to where finally Red accepts that his son has become a man and gives them his blessing. Donna and Eric prepare to leave Point Place together and go to college in Madison. However, just as they are packing their stuff in the Vista Cruiser, Fez and Laurie announce their marriage so Fez can stay in the country after graduation. Red is so shocked at this, he has a heart attack. As a result, Eric decides to stay in Point Place and help support the family. Donna ends up putting off going to college in Madison so that she can stay with Eric. Eventually though, their wedding falls through at the end of season six when Eric, worried that marrying Donna would hold her back, fails to show up for their rehearsal.

text: Season 8[edit]

text: After Eric's departure from the show before season eight, it is assumed that they still keep the relationship intact. However, Donna tells her friends that Eric has broken up with her in the eighth-season episode "Long Away", when Fez and Jackie suspect that she is cheating on Eric with the new cast character, Randy (Josh Meyers). Donna tells them that Eric did this three weeks earlier. There were hints leading up to the breakup when Eric calls Kitty but not Donna, even though she is awake at 4AM waiting for him to call her. Also, when Donna is at the Foremans' for Red and Kitty's 25th anniversary, Eric calls his parents and Kitty gives the phone to Donna, but Eric spoke to her only briefly before hanging up, claiming he had to "go to class".

text: Donna then begins dating Randy, seemingly not caring about her long-standing relationship having deteriorated. Donna finally ends it when she believes that things are moving too fast, and that she is substituting Randy for Eric. This was further evidenced when Kitty catches Randy and Donna kissing in Eric's bedroom, and she accuses Donna of replacing Eric with Randy, departing from her usual rivalry with Donna over being the main woman in Eric's life.

text: In the final episode, Eric returns to Point Place for the New Year and he and Donna kiss. It is presumed that they end up together again at the end of the series and the end of the 1970s.

text: Character and personality[edit]

text: This section possibly contains original research. Please improve it by verifying the claims made and adding inline citations. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. (November 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Donna resides in the fictional Wisconsin town of Point Place, where she lives with her parents, Midge and Bob Pinciotti. Early in the series, her younger sister, 14-year-old Tina (played by Amanda Fuller), appears in the episode "Eric's Burger Job"[1] but is never seen again, nor do other characters mention her after the first season. At the end of the season 2 episode "Vanstock", this is made fun of when a narrator asks "Whatever happened to Midge's other daughter, Tina?" Donna also has an older sister, Valerie Pinciotti ("Eric's Birthday"). She is apparently in college as revealed by Midge. As Eric is turning 17, Midge shows Kitty a book of poems that helped her "when Valerie went off to school". These are examples of "Chuck Cunningham Syndrome" (see Happy Days).

text: An intelligent, witty teenager with feminist ideals, Donna is outwardly confident and strong, at times to the point of coming across as arrogant, self-righteous, and overconfident. She calls upon these personal qualities to deal with her personal issues, such as her parents' shaky relationship and the revelation that they conceived her while in high school. She believes that she's had it the hardest out of the group until Hyde is revealed to have faced most of these problems and not once complained. The characteristics and physical appearance of Donna Pinciotti were actually based on a girl who grew up in the same neighborhood as Mark Brazil in Dunkirk, NY. Donna actually dated Hyde and never was with Eric, AKA Mark Brazil.

text: Though despite her overly confident attitude, she herself has her own insecurities such as her big feet, her parents' screwed up marriage and her trust in her relationship with Eric. A prime example of this is in the episode "Eric's Panties". Eric has an attractive girl as his lab partner who has a reputation of being a slut. At first, Donna doesn't really care but she finds panties in his car and genuinely believes that Eric cheated on her. She shows a completely insecure side of herself and is more than prepared to hurt him. They are later revealed to be Midge's panties from when she and Bob had sex in Eric's car.

text: She has some difficulty expressing her feminine side, because she views traditional feminine traits as restraining and outdated. She dislikes skirts, makeup, and dresses, and insists on wearing jeans at all times, but she will dress nice for special occasions and tried "being pretty" for her prom and for a trip to a nightclub, where the bouncer judged her "foxy". As another exception, after her wedding with Eric was called off, she decides to change her looks and dyes her hair blonde. Jackie Burkhart repeatedly calls Donna a "lumberjack" and a "giant", due to her penchant for plaid shirts and her tall stature. She even described Donna by saying "She's nice and all, but she kinda dresses like a trucker". She also teases Donna for her gargantuan feet, calling her "bigfoot" and saying things like Donna's shoes are big enough for Jackie to fit her own shoes into.

text: Nonetheless, Donna still considers herself feminine, at times becoming insulted when people overlook it. When Kitty Forman needed two people with a "feminine touch" to decorate for Hyde's birthday party, she chose Jackie and Fez. An angry Donna wanted to "kick her ass" for that, insisting "What the hell? I'm feminine! Damn it, why can't anybody freakin' see that?!" This suggests that while Donna takes pride in her feminist beliefs, she still considers herself feminine, and simply doesn't want to restrict herself to "girly" activities. In several episodes, she is flattered at being perceived as an object of desire, especially when she becomes "Hot Donna" at a radio station.

text: Jackie appoints herself as Donna's best friend in the early seasons, often giving her advice that sounds superficial and useless, but often turns out to be unnervingly true. For example, in the "Battle of the Sexists" episode, Jackie states to Donna that, "Eric would never want her (Donna) to be his girlfriend if she kept beating him at everything, especially sports". Jackie genuinely thinks that she's better looking than Donna, ever since their first meeting in junior high and that Donna is generally not attractive or interesting, yet still thinks Donna could do better than Eric. When angry or annoyed at Donna, Jackie will often refer to her as a "giant" or "Amazon"; when Donna goes blonde, she calls her "blonde tardo". Despite their differences, Donna eventually accepts Jackie and decides to keep an eye on her and keep her out of trouble, since Jackie doesn't always show the best common sense, and on more than one occasion, Donna has ridiculed Jackie for her stupidity and small stature, calling her a "midget" or "mosquito".

text: All five of the boys have harbored sexual feelings toward Donna. In addition to Eric, three of the others attempted to sleep with her (Kelso attempts to seduce her after going to roller disco, Hyde at Jackie's ski cabin and Fez impersonating Eric in a Storm Trooper outfit; none of these attempts are successful) and four have romantic interest in her (Eric, Hyde, Casey and Randy).

text: Despite many of the guys' obvious attraction to her, she only dated two of the main characters, with Jackie having the most boyfriends within the main cast. Donna is with Eric for six seasons, and she is hoping they could have been together, but as she says herself: "It was all Eric's fault for taking that stupid job."

text: In Season 1, Episode 2 it is revealed that Donna is one month older than Eric. In the episode "Good Company", it is revealed through context that Donna's birthday is sometime in January.

text: Other appearances[edit]

text: Actress Rosie Marcel portrayed the character in the British version Days Like These.