document_title: Chris Fountain

question_text: who was chris fountains partner on dancing on ice

text: Chris Fountain

text: Early life[edit]

text: Fountain was born in the West Yorkshire city of Bradford on 3 September 1987.

text: Career[edit]

text: Fountain had minor roles in Blood Strangers (2002) and Bob and Rose (2001), and has appeared in the dramas Where the Heart Is (2002), The Royal (2003) and Burn It (2003).

text: Hollyoaks [edit]

text: He joined Hollyoaks in 2003 in the role of Justin Burton.

text: On 7 June 2006, Fountain injured himself on location whilst filming for Hollyoaks when he touched an electric fence.[2]

text: In 2008 Fountain won the British Soap Award for Best Actor due to his role on Hollyoaks.[3]

text: It was confirmed on 11 March 2009 that Fountain would be leaving Hollyoaks. He left on 3 June 2009 in a joint exit storyline alongside Jamie Lomas who plays Warren Fox.

text: Dancing on Ice[edit]

text: Fountain was a runner up in the third series of ITV show Dancing on Ice, in which he was partnered with skater Frankie Poultney. He also won the Dancing on Ice Tour 2008 with 24 wins and went home with the Dancing on Ice Tour Winners Trophy for winning the most shows. Second place went to Suzanne Shaw with eleven wins and third place went to Kyran Bracken with nine wins.[citation needed]

text: Post-Hollyoaks[edit]

text: On 30 January 2010 he appeared as a patient called Seb in Casualty. Fountain played the role of PC Paul Tait in the BBC drama Five Days in March 2010.

text: On 26 November 2010, it was announced that he would play the role of Tommy Duckworth in Coronation Street and made his first appearance in March 2011.[4] He was sacked from Coronation Street in 2013 following revelations he had performed in offensive rap videos on YouTube advocating violence to women.[5] He left immediately with his character getting an off-screen exit in October 2013.

text: In September 2016 he joined the touring cast of The Full Monty.

text: In July 2017 he joined the cast of new ITV drama Girlfriends in a supporting role. It is due to air in 2018.[6]

text: Other work[edit]

text: In February 2006, Fountain came in third in the BBC show Just the Two of Us, a singing competition in which celebrities are paired up with professional singers and are voted off, day by day. His singing partner was former S Club 7 member Jo O'Meara.

text: Fountain played the title role in the pantomime Aladdin at the Manchester Opera House over the Christmas/New Year period of 2009/10. In 2010 he appeared in the new musical Departure Lounge for a short run at the Waterloo East Theatre in London.

text: Fountain appeared on All Star Family Fortunes on 14 April 2012. In December 2012, he took part in ITV game show Paddy's 2012 Show and Telly

text: Following his sacking from Coronation Street, Fountain kept a low profile, but began DJing at a new club in Manchester in January 2014.[7]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text:
Year
Title
Type
Role
Notes

2001
Bob & Rose
TV
Dean Gadds
TV Series

2002
Blood Strangers
TV
Warren
TV film

2002
Where the Heart Is'
TV
Marty Sargent Jnr
1 Episode, "Extra Time"

2003
The Royal
TV
Simon Waite
1 Episode, "Kiss and Tell"

2003
Burn It
TV
Carl Age 14
Episode: "1.1" `

2003–09
Hollyoaks
TV
Justin Burton
Series Regular, Main Cast, 149 Episodes

2006
Just the Two of Us
TV
Himself
Contestant, 3 Place

2008
Dancing on Ice
TV
Himself
Contestant, 2 Place

2010
Casualty
TV
Seb Cooper
1 Episode, "The Cradle Will Fall"

2010
Five Days
TV
PC Paul Tait
3 Episode, "Day 1", "Day 2" and "Day 8"

2011–13
Coronation Street
TV
Tommy Duckworth
Series Regular, Main Cast, 303 Episodes

2018
Girlfriends
TV
Ryan

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
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text: Nominated at British Soap Awards in category of 'Best Dramatic Performance from a Young Actor or Actress' for his role in Hollyoaks

text:
Winner at British Soap Awards in category of 'Best Storyline' for 'Justin and Becca's affair' in Hollyoaks, shared with Ali Bastian (Becca Dean)[8]
Winner at The Pulse West Yorkshire Local Heroes Awards as Artistic Achievement of the Year
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category of 'Sexiest Male' for his role in Hollyoaks
Nominated at National Television Awards in category of 'Most Popular Actor' for his role in Hollyoaks

text:
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category of 'Best Actor' for his role in Hollyoaks
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category of 'Sexiest Actor' for his role in Hollyoaks[9]

text:
Winner at British Soap Awards in category of 'Best Actor' for his role in Hollyoaks[10]
Winner at British Soap Awards in category of 'Most Spectacular Scene of the Year' for 'Car Over Cliff', shared with Hannah Tointon (Katy Fox), Jamie Lomas (Warren Fox), Matt Littler (Max Cunningham) and Gemma Bissix (Clare Cunningham).
Nominated at British Soap Awards in category for 'Most Spectactular Scene of the Year' for 'Justin Run Over', shared with Hannah Tointon (Katy Fox)

text:
Nominated at National Television Awards for 'Best Newcomer' for his role in Coronation Street
Nominated at British Soap Awards for 'Sexiest Male', but lost out to Scott Maslen, who plays Jack Branning in the soap EastEnders.

text: In July 2012, Fountain made the shortlist for Best Actor on the TV choice awards. He is also up for Sexiest Male for the Inside Soap Awards.


document_title: Summer vacation

question_text: when does english schools break up for summer

question_tokens: when does english schools break up for summer

root

text: Summer vacation

text: Criticisms and support[edit]

text: In some countries, school summer vacation is only six weeks or two months supposedly so students don't forget large amounts of information learned in the past year (See: Summer learning loss).[1][2] Other education reformers believed that children were overstimulated in a system which required 48 weeks of schooling. They believe that over-schooling could lead to nervous disorders, depression, insanity, and separation anxiety towards families.[3] They believe that children need the 2–3 months off to relax and also to take a break from other childhood stresses associated with school such as peer pressure, cliques, bullying, and the pressure of heavy loads of homework.

tag: p

text: Some critics of summer vacation point out that American students spend approximately 180 days (26 weeks) per year in school, but Asian students are "in school for 240 to 250 days". This is consistent with the conclusions of researchers who suggest that advanced abilities are in proportion to the time spent learning. Summer holidays in Japan start from late July until early September.[4]

text: By country[edit]

text: Argentina[edit]

text: In Argentina, the school year ends in early- or mid-December and starts late February or early March. Also the majority of students get two weeks of holidays during winter, which varies depending on the region of the country from early June to late July or mid-July to early August.

text:
Primary education: From mid-December to late February (2 months)
Secondary education: From early December to early March (3 months)
University education: From last day of December (31 December) to early April (3 months)

tag: ul

text: Australia[edit]

text: In Australia, summer officially lasts from December to February, and therefore includes Christmas and New Year holidays. The dates of Australian school holidays (the term used, rather than "vacation") are determined by each state's Department of Education, the Christmas summer holiday being the longest in duration. Typically Christmas summer holiday in Australia last approximately six weeks, usually from mid-December (depending on school year, see below) to late January. This is significantly shorter than North American summer holiday, but Australian schools also break for two weeks at Easter, and in June and September, giving students and teachers a total of twelve weeks of annual holidays. In many public schools, years 10 through 12 will finish before December 15, allowing time to complete exam marking and results. Year 10 commonly finishes at the end of November, Year 11 at the end of October, and year 12 (Senior Year) also at mid or the end of October after 3 weeks of end-of-year exams. This can bring the normal 12 weeks of vacation to 20 weeks of vacation. The intervening periods of school operation without holidays are called "School Terms", each term lasting approximately ten weeks. All Australian states have relatively similar holiday periods between each term, but there is the ability for this to change, as it did in the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games, when the first term in Victorian schools was shortened to 6 weeks and the other subsequently extended to 12 weeks due to severe disruptions to the public and private bus networks used by school students. Most private schools in Australia have up to four weeks of additional holidays, due to their longer teaching hours during term.

text: Austria[edit]

text: In Austria, summer vacation dates vary by region, however the break lasts nine weeks throughout the whole country. School usually ends in early July and starts in early September. In the regions of Vienna, Lower Austria and the Burgenland summer break starts on the first Saturday in July and one week later in Carinthia, Styria, the Tyrol, Vorarlberg, Salzburg and Upper Austria. School recommences on the first Monday in September in Vienna, Lower Austria and the Burgenland and on the second Monday of September in the other regions.

text: Bangladesh[edit]

text: In Bangladesh, summer vacation begins in mid-May and ends in mid June (4 weeks). According to Bengali calendar summer vacation related with availability of different kinds of summer fruits in the month of Joishtho (mid May to mid June). This is slightly odd for schools to open before the summer solstice begins. Also, it is becoming difficult for children to attend school in high temperatures.

text: Barbados[edit]

text: In Barbados, summer holiday dates have varied throughout the years due to the beginning of the hurricane season on June 1st. Because of this, major storms affecting the island can cause school to remain closed for days resulting in a pushback of vacation dates. For example, in 2010 with Hurricane Tomas. Recently, summer holiday begins in late-June or early-July and ends in the second week on September.

text: Belgium[edit]

text: In Belgium, summer vacation lasts from July 1 until September 1 (2 months).

text: Bolivia[edit]

text: In Bolivia, summer vacation runs from early December to early February[5] (2 months).

text: Bosnia and Herzegovina[edit]

text: In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the start of summer break varies by school, but usually starts at the beginning or mid-June. School starts on the first Monday of September. There is also a three-to-four weeks long break during winter (typically starting on 31 December). School is not out on Christmas or Easter, but students who celebrate those holidays are allowed to miss that day of school.

text: Brazil[edit]

text: In Brazil, summer break lasts between 50 and 60 days; the two first weeks in December and throughout the month of January. It ends in early February, typically February 14–25. In addition, for the majority of Brazilian students there are two to three weeks off for Winter in July.

text: Bulgaria[edit]

text: In Bulgaria, the time of the break differs according to the grade of the students. The following periods are applied:

text: 1st-4th grade: May 31 – September 15

text: 5th-8th grade: June 15 – September 15

text: 5th-8th grade in a sports-oriented grade: June 30 – September 15

text: 9th-11th grade: June 30 – September 15

text: 12th grade: School year ends in mid-May.

text: Note that 8th grade classes that focus on intensive language learning's summer vacation also starts on the 30th of June, rather than the 15th.[6]

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada, the first day of summer vacation for public schools is the last Saturday in June. However, in some provinces students get a Professional Activity day on the final Friday of that school week, and their last day would be on the Thursday. Depending on the province, students can get 2–3 months of summer vacation. This may vary in Quebec (earlier due to provincial June 24 holiday). The last day of summer vacation is Labour Day. This can vary in Private schools. School generally resumes the day after Labour Day (in September). Most have two weeks off for Christmas and New Year, and a week off in March or April for Spring Break (sometimes called March Break or Easter Break).

text: Chile[edit]

text: In Chile, summer vacation lasts from early or mid-December until late February or early March (10, 11 or 12 weeks). In addition, schools have two or three weeks off for Winter in July, and one-week-long break for National Holidays in mid-September.

text: China[edit]

text: In the People's Republic of China, summer holidays start in early July and often end in early September (2 months).

text: Colombia[edit]

text: In Colombia, summer vacation varies. Because of Colombia's equatorial climate (see Climate of Colombia for more information), schools run two different calendars. Public schools and some private schools run "Calendar A" which has a break between June and July. Only some private schools run "Calendar B" in which there is a long vacation in July and August. On the other hand, "Calendar A" has a long vacation around Christmas.

text: Costa Rica[edit]

text: In Costa Rica, summer vacation lasts 2 months. Usually begin in late December and end in early February. There are a few schools using the "american" style, those school usually take vacations in late May and then resume again in early August.

text: Croatia[edit]

text: In Croatia, school year is over around 10th June and it usually starts on the first Monday of September, but if the first Monday is on 1st or 2nd September school year is more likely to start on the second Monday. Winter break usually begins a few days before Christmas and it lasts until mid January. Eastern break lasts 10 days.

text: Czech Republic[edit]

text: In the Czech Republic, summer holiday begins on July 1 and ends on August 31 (2 months).[7]

text: Denmark[edit]

text: In Denmark, summer break lasts from the end of June to early or mid-August (6 weeks) . High schools (colleges) usually return to school in early August, but for younger students it can be in the middle.

text: Ecuador[edit]

text: In Ecuador, summer vacation varies. Because of Ecuador's equatorial climate (see Climate of Ecuador for more information), schools run two different calendars. The Coastal region runs vacation January or February, but in the Sierra region, summer vacation follows the pattern in July and August.

text: Egypt[edit]

text: In Egypt, summer break lasts from the beginning or the middle of June until the middle of September (3 Months – 14 Weeks) in public schools, though length slightly differs according to age. In most private schools, summer break lasts from the middle or end of June to the beginning of September (2.5 Months – 10 Weeks)

text: Estonia[edit]

text: In Estonia, summer holidays start in the beginning of June, the date ranging for different grades. School begins every year on September 1, with a week off in autumn, 2 weeks off at Christmas and a week in spring.

text: Ethiopia[edit]

text: In Ethiopia, the school year usually ends in late May to mid-June and begins in mid-September (8 to 12 weeks).

text: Finland[edit]

text: In Finland, summer vacation starts on Saturday in late May, or in the beginning of June. The vacation lasts for 2 1⁄2 to 3 months. Usually, school starts again on August 7 to 18.

text: France[edit]

text: In France, summer vacation usually consist of July and August (2 months). But in secondary school, students finish mid-June because of the senior's exams. This may vary for private schools.

text: Germany[edit]

text: In Germany, summer vacation lasts six and a half weeks. The exact dates vary by state as well as from one to the next year, from the earliest (mid-June to late July) to the latest (late July to early September). In Germany the annual holidays are split into winter holidays (about one week), Easter holidays (mostly about two weeks), summer holiday (about six and a half weeks), autumn holidays (about one to two weeks) and Christmas holidays (about one to two weeks). Some states like Bavaria also have holidays for Pentecost. Summed up over the whole year the holidays are about thirteen weeks.

text: Greece[edit]

text: In Greece, the summer vacation lasts for 3 months. Schools close June 15 and reopen on September 11. Universities generally close mid-July but with great differences between faculties.

text: Guatemala[edit]

text: In Guatemala, the summer holidays start in middle October and end in early January (approx 12 weeks).

text: Guyana[edit]

text: In Guyana, the summer holidays start in early July and end in early September (2 months).

text: Hungary[edit]

text: In Hungary, summer vacation usually lasts from mid-June to early September (11 or 12 weeks).

text: Hong Kong[edit]

text: In Hong Kong, summer vacation normally begins in mid-July and ends on the beginning of September (6–7 weeks) for most public schools. However, the starting and ending times of international schools are variable. For example, most ESF-based schools start in late June and finish mid-August (7 weeks).

text: Iceland[edit]

text: In Iceland, the duration of the summer vacation can vary from one school to another. Typically students go on a summer vacation during the first week of June and return to school in the 4th week of August.[8]

text: India[edit]

text: In India, Summer Vacation varies in duration. This is because India is a vast country and different parts of the country face different climatic conditions at the same time. In northern India, school ends in mid-May and begins in the first week of July, except in the Kashmir valley where the summer vacation is only for ten days with a long winter break from mid-December to the end of February. In Central India, especially in Maharashtra, the summer vacation begins in mid-April and school re-opens in mid-June. In Southern India, school ends in the last week of March and begins again in beginning of June. In North-East India, school commences on 1 April after which summer vacations start from mid-may and ends after a period of about 35–38 days.It is the hottest month of the year.

text: Iran[edit]

text: In Iran, summer vacation lasts 3 months. Schools close in late June and reopen in late September

text: Iraq[edit]

text: In Iraq, summer vacation begins in late May and ends in late September, but the 12th grade vacation begins in late June and ends in mid-October.

text: Ireland[edit]

text: In the Republic of Ireland, most secondary schools start summer holidays in the last week of May, or at the end of the Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate exams, and don't return until the first week in September. Other holidays include two weeks for Easter and another two for Christmas and New Year, as well as two midterms with one in October/November during the week of Halloween and one usually in the month of February. Schools are also closed (usually one or two) for St. Patrick's Day, and Bank Holidays. Students doing exams (Junior Cert and Leaving Cert) have to come in some days during June to sit their exams but otherwise have the same break as those not doing exams. Primary schools in the Republic of Ireland work sixteen days longer, so they start their summer holiday at the end of June.[9] Private schools in the Republic of Ireland follow the same pattern, although summer holidays vary.

text: Israel[edit]

text: The start of the summer vacation for middle schools and high schools is on June 20 and the end is August 31 (two months and 10 days) and the summer vacation for primary schools and kindergartens start on July 1 and ends on August 31 (two months).

text: Italy[edit]

text: In Italy, summer vacation for elementary, middle and high schools normally starts on the second week of June and lasts until the first week of September included, for a total of three months. For kindergartens, summer vacation starts at the end of May and lasts until the first week of September. Final term examinations for middle school and high school are held until the end of June.

text: Jamaica[edit]

text: In Jamaica, summer holidays for primary and secondary schools starts in the first week of July and ends in the first week of September which gives a duration of about eight weeks.

text: These schools also have term breaks at Christmas (typically two weeks) and Easter (typically one and a half weeks), as well as mid-term breaks of a few days each usually around National Heroes Day in the Christmas (First) Term, Ash Wednesday in the Easter (Second) Term and Labour Day in the Summer (Third) term.

text: At the start of each year The Ministry of Education provides dates for each term and suggested dates for mid-term breaks for primary and secondary schools. These dates might be adjusted based on circumstance such as the loss of teaching time caused by the passage of a hurricane.

text: Tertiary institutions using the semester system typically have summer holidays starting in May (at the end of examinations) and ending in early September. This can, however, vary among institutions.

text: Japan[edit]

text: In Japan, the summer vacation generally lasts from late July to early September, and due to the way education in Japan is structured, it takes place within a school year.

text: Jordan[edit]

text: In Jordan, summer vacation lasts almost 3 months and most schools take summer vacation from mid-June to mid-September.

text: Kuwait[edit]

text: In Kuwait, summer vacation for elementary and middle school, [1st to 9th grade] starts at the end of May or at the beginning of June and ends at mid to late September, sometimes as far as early October. For high school students, [10th to 12th grade] it starts on June 19–20 and ends at the same time as elementary and middle school.

text: Lebanon[edit]

text: In Lebanon, summer vacation lasts almost 3 months and most schools take summer vacation from mid-June to mid-September.

text: Libya[edit]

text: In Libya, summer break lasts from the beginning or the middle of June until the middle of September (3 Months – 14 Weeks). There are 5 other smaller vacations : Mid-year two-week break around February and two Hijri Lunar calendar 3-Day religious breaks for Eid Fitr (25 June in 217) and Eid Adha (1 Sept in 2017).

text: Lithuania[edit]

text: In Lithuania, summer vacation starts in June 1 and ends on September 1 with the start of a new school year (3 months).

text: Luxembourg[edit]

text: In Luxembourg, summer vacation starts on July 16 and ends on September 15, lasting a total of two months. There are 5 other smaller vacations : All Saints (1 week), Christmas (2 weeks), Carnival (1 week), Easter (2 weeks), Pentecost (1 week).

text: Macedonia[edit]

text: In Macedonia, the summer vacation starts on June 10 and ends on September 1 in every school.

text: Malta[edit]

text: In Malta, the summer holidays usually last from the end of June until the end of September (3 months).

text: Moldova[edit]

text: In Moldova, summer vacation begins on 1 June and ends in 1 September (3 months).

text: Morocco[edit]

text: In Morocco, summer vacation lasts from June 20 until the beginning of September (2 months).

text: Mexico[edit]

text: In Mexico, summer vacation starts in early July and finishes in mid-August since 2000. In addition, Mexican children get two or three weeks off for Christmas and New Year (from the third Thursday in December to January 7), and two weeks off in March or April for Spring Break (from the Friday before lazarus Saturday to the Monday after Easter Monday).

text: However, high school students (from tenth to twelfth grade) and college students have mostly three months of vacation -from late May or early June to early August. Like elementary and middle school students, high school students have in addition two weeks off for Christmas and New Year, and two weeks off in March or April for Spring Break. Moreover, college students get four weeks off for Christmas and New Year (from mid-December to mid-January) but only one week of Spring Break.

text: Mongolia[edit]

text: In Mongolia, summer vacation usually starts from late May or early June (varies between schools) to the end of August. The school year is divided into 4 terms lasting 8 to 9 weeks each and students take 1 week off after the first and second terms and 2 weeks after the third term.

text: Nepal[edit]

text: In Nepal, summer vacation runs from the end of May to the end of July.

text: Netherlands[edit]

text: In the Netherlands, summer vacation is about 6 weeks for primary school children, usually from mid-July to late August. There are 3 regions north, central and south.school students officially get the same time off but there often is a one-week period before the vacation dring which the student will only have to go to school for 2 days to receive their grade lists and bring back their books making the holiday 7 weeks unofficially for secondary school children. However, this does not apply to every school.

text: New Zealand[edit]

text: In New Zealand, the school holidays (the term used, rather than "vacation") typically start in mid-December, and end in late January, which is usually 6 weeks.[10] Senior secondary school students in Year 11, 12 and 13 finish in late-October for study leave. But the summer holidays still do not start until mid-December. And university students don't start until early March and finish in late-October. Throughout the year there are 2 week breaks at Easter, in July and in September.

text: Nigeria[edit]

text: In Nigeria, primary and secondary Schools usually start Summer vacation in mid-July and resume in the early weeks of September. The vacation is also known as the "3rd-term holiday" and it is the longest break in a school year (typically up to two months). The "first-term break" starts between one and two weeks prior to Christmas and ends the first or second week in January, lasting for about three weeks. The "first-term break" is usually the shortest break in a school year. The "second-term break" usually starts a week before Easter and lasts for another three weeks. This gives a total of about 14 weeks of holiday in a year. The geographical location of the school is also a factor.

text: Tertiary institutions follow a different pattern, as the holiday in each school depends on various factors which include, the Course of study and the academic calendar of the school. Some tertiary institutions observe their Summer breaks in the normal summer period when elementary and high schools observe theirs, while others don't. Some courses of study also don't observe any significant holidays, such programmes include Engineering, Nursing, Medicine and a few others. This is usually as a result of students doing their laboratory work, workshop practice, Practicals, Internship etc. (as the case may be), while the other students in other programmes are on holiday. Tertiary schools observe two semesters; while some schools observe a break after the first semester, many others have their breaks combined to just the summer holidays. This long break helps the students get good jobs during the holiday. The total length of break observed in tertiary institutions in a year is 12 to 14 weeks.

text: Norway[edit]

text: In Norway, summer vacation typically lasts from mid June to mid August, for a minimum of 8 weeks. In the upper secondary schools, the exam period starts in late May and ends the last or second last day before summer break. Norwegian students also have about two weeks of vacation from late December until early January, as well as a "winter break", an "easter break" and days off associated with the feast of ascension (typically in late May), 1 May and 17 May (the Norwegian Constitution Day).

text: Oman[edit]

text: In Oman, summer vacation starts in late May and ends in early September (3 months).

text: Pakistan[edit]

text: In Pakistan, Summer vacation lasts for two to three months depending on the type of school (public or private). Typical summer vacation is from the end of May to mid-August.[11] Many private schools are also open in June and July for 8th to 10th grades under the programmes called "summer camps".

text: Panama[edit]

text: In Panama, summer vacation starts in early December on both types of school (public or private), and ends in late February. (3 months)

text: Paraguay[edit]

text: In Paraguay, summer holidays start in December and end in late February (2 months).

text: Philippines[edit]

text: In the Philippines, summer holidays for kindergarten, elementary, and high schools typically start on the third week of March and end in the first to third week of June. This coincides with the country's tropical dry season months from March to June. Colleges and universities, however, offer summer classes for students who wants to take advanced subjects or those who fail to pass the prerequisites for the next school year. School year begins in the first week of June, the start of Philippines' wet season.

text: Poland[edit]

text: In Poland, summer vacation starts on the first Saturday after June 20 and ends on the first weekday of September except Friday. Students usually spend 1–1.5 hours at school to pick up their report cards on their last day of school.

text: Portugal[edit]

text: In Portugal, summer vacation starts in mid-June, and finishes in the middle of September.

text: Russia[edit]

text: In Russia, summer vacation starts on May 25 with the end of an old school year (for 1st–8th and 10th grades) and ends on September 1 with the beginning of a new school year. For 9th and 11th grades, due to exams (EGE), the vacation starts in the middle (9th grade) or in the end (11th grade) of June.

text: Romania[edit]

text: In Romania, summer vacation starts in the penultimate week of June and ends on September 15 (3 months).

text: Saint Lucia[edit]

text: In Saint Lucia, summer vacation starts in early July and ends on the first Monday of September (6 weeks).

text: Saudi Arabia[edit]

text: In the school year 2016–2017 the summer break for Saudi Arabian students started from 25th of May till the 10th of September. This means it will be 110 days, 3 Months and a half

text: Serbia[edit]

text: In Serbia, the summer vacation starts around the ending of June, more precisely by the end of 2nd or 3rd week of June. Summer holiday ends on August 31. School officially starts on first working day of September (if September 1 is on Saturday or Sunday, starting of school is delayed until Monday). There are also several other holidays. Two day holiday in the first week of November, Three week holiday from December 31st to the third week of January and finally a two-week break during Easter.

text: Singapore[edit]

text: For primary school and secondary school students: Mid-November to early January (1 ½ months). New school year will start at early January. Also, there will be a 1-month holiday in June and 1 week holiday in March and September. Most secondary students are released mid or late October due to the annual national examinations for Secondary 4/5 students.

text: Slovakia[edit]

text: In Slovakia, summer break lasts from July 1 until September 1 (2 months and Constitution Day).[12]

text: Slovenia[edit]

text: In Slovenia, the final exams are usually taken from mid-May to mid-June (high schools) or in June (primary schools). Last day of school is June 24 and school −begins on September 1.

text: South Africa[edit]

text: In South Africa, summer holidays usually begin in early December and end in mid-January. Winter Break lasts from late June to early July, and there are 10 days of Easter holidays.

text: South Korea[edit]

text: In South Korea, summer vacation starts in late July and ends in mid-August. The South Korean summer vacation takes place within a school year, too. The winter vacation takes place the last week of December until the first week of February.

text: South Sudan[edit]

text: In South Sudan, summer vacation starts on December 21 and ends on March 19.

text: Spain[edit]

text: In Spain, the school year finishes in mid or late June and begins in mid-September. Vacation varies by region but often includes a family vacation within Spain to cooler temperatures in the north of Spain or south or east to the Mediterranean beaches.[13]

text: Suriname[edit]

text: In Suriname, summer vacation usually starts in mid-July and ends in late-August.[14] In 2012, a change of summer vacation was proposed by several legislators having summer vacation the same time as the Caribbean Community.[14] The proposed plan is summer vacation starts from mid-August and ends in early-October.[14]

text: Sweden[edit]

text: In Sweden, summer vacation is between the spring and autumn term. Normally it lasts from mid-June to late August (a minimum of 9–10 weeks, differs for each county). In Sweden, students end their term, either at a church or in their school, singing traditional summer songs like Den blomstertid nu kommer (normally only the first 2 verses).

text: The winter vacation is between the winter and late winter term. It normally lasts from late December until early January. It is normally 3 weeks long.

text: Children in elementary school until high school have a week of vacation in the autumn/winter term and also two weeks in the spring/summer term. The one in the autumn is called "Novemberlov" which means "November vacation/break" or "Höstlov" which means "Autumn vacation/break". The two in the spring/summer term is called "Sportlov" which means "Sport break/vacation" and "Påsklov" which means "Easter break/vacation".

text: Then on 1 May everyone is on vacation in whole Sweden. Also on 6 June, which is the Swedish National Day.

text: Switzerland[edit]

text: In Switzerland, summer vacation varies in each canton. As an example in Zürich, it lasts five weeks and between mid-July and mid-August.[15] In Ticino, it last about ten weeks between late June and early September. [16]

text: Syria[edit]

text: In Syria, summer vacation lasts 3 months. It starts mid June (for primary and secondary schools)and ends mid September. University students have a vacation from early July to early October. This varies 2 or 3 days by school or year . The mid-term holiday is usually a week long.

text: Taiwan[edit]

text: In Taiwan, summer vacation starts in early July (late June for University students) and ends in late August (mid-September for University students).

text: Thailand[edit]

text: In Thailand, summer vacation begins in late February to early March and ends in mid-May.

text: Trinidad and Tobago[edit]

text: Primary and Secondary Schools close the first Friday of July and open on the first Monday of September (giving students two months). This can vary a day or two by school or year. International schools are in link with the British, Canadian, or American systems.

text: Turkey[edit]

text: In Turkey, summer vacation starts in mid-June and ends in mid-September (3 months).

text: Tunisia[edit]

text: In Tunisia, summer vacation for the middle school (7th–9th grade) and high school starts on May 30 and ends on September 15. Primary schools are off to vacation on June 1 and end on September 15.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In England and Wales, summer holidays for state schools usually last from the second half of July through to early September which gives a duration of six or seven weeks. In addition, all schools in England and Wales have three one-week-long half-term breaks for each of the three terms, one in the autumn term, one in the spring term and one in the summer term. State schools have two weeks off for Christmas and Easter, which brings the total number of weeks off for state school students per year to 13.

text: In Scotland, school summer holidays start in late June and last for about six or seven weeks, with most schools returning around August 17. In addition to summer holidays, Scottish schools have one week in October, two weeks at Christmas and two weeks at Easter. They also have a week off in Mid-February. They have two bank holidays in May/June, and one in September.

text: In Northern Ireland, most schools' summer vacation starts in late June and runs through to the beginning of September. Students doing exams (GCSE and A-Levels) often get "Study-Leave" from May and do the exams sometime in that month, or early June. Schools also have a two-week break for Christmas and Easter as well as several Bank Holidays as well as a week off for Mid Term in Mid February. Some schools, generally integrated, or Catholic, also get time off for St. Patrick's Day in March. Protestant schools don't usually get this day off.

text: In the United Kingdom, holiday dates for schools in the independent sector mostly differ from those of schools in the state sector and these differences typically take the form of an extra week's holiday at the beginning and end of each of the long vacations meaning four weeks for the Christmas and Easter breaks and eight to ten weeks for the summer break but variations in summer vacation length exist between the independent schools themselves. In addition, all schools in the United Kingdom have three week-long half-term breaks for each of the three terms including one in the autumn term at the end of October, one in the spring term in mid-February and one in the summer term in late May although these breaks do not always coincide with the state school breaks in Autumn ans Spring terms. The summer half term break is determined by the break in public exams at the end of May. Some universities grant an extended "Exam-Leave" to students which typically commences in early April, so as to give students a good number of weeks to prepare for the summer exam season which usually starts in mid to late May and finishes at the end of their final exam which usually takes place in early or mid-June. Final-year students at independent schools typically finish their time at their school the moment their final exam in the summer exam season finishes and as an encore a special event is usually arranged for late June by the school for the leavers and staff as a way of providing an opportunity for final farewells to be bid. The universities they go on to typically schedule their first term to commence in early October giving school leavers an extended summer break between their time of leaving school and starting at university.

text: United States[edit]

text: In the United States, summer vacation lasts two to three months. The dates vary depending on the location of the school district, with two major formats. One is from late June to early September (in most northern states), the other major format lasting from late May to mid August (in most southern and western states). (Excluding some districts, as some schools may end late June and begin early September).

text: Summer vacation or break lasts for about 12 weeks, starting anywhere from late May to late June, and ending anywhere from late August to Labor Day, the first Monday in September. This often depends on the region – for example, most schools in the Northeastern United States end in June and start the day after Labor Day, while the majority of schools in the Southern United States have schools end in May and start again in August.

text: The origins of the summer holiday break are often believed to be rooted in agriculture. It is widely believed that the school calendar follows the agrarian farming calendar because during the settlement of the United States, the nation primarily consisted of a farming population. This belief maintains that the current school calendar has a two to three-month break so that children could assume the necessary tasks of planting and harvesting crops. However, planting of most crops occurred in the spring and harvest occurred in the fall. Rural schools would often break for spring and fall seasons, but continue schooling throughout the summer.[17]

text: The modern school calendar has roots not on rural farms, but instead in urban cities.[citation needed] Multiple causes lead to the summer break known by modern American students. In fact, schools in the early 1800s held school throughout the summer. As schooling progressed through bureaucracy, society’s population growth and change, as well as improvements in technology, such as better transportation for students and air conditioned buildings, school calendars also changed.

text: Many citizens of upper and middle classes would vacation outside of the sweltering cities during the hot summers. If school continued into the summer months, families would no longer have time together for summer vacations.[18]

text: As school systems grew throughout the United States they became more aligned with college and university schedules, which already observed a break during summer. Breaks became more frequent as well. Original schools observed New Year’s Day, Easter, Fourth of July, Thanksgiving, and Christmas. The duration of breaks at these observances varied from school to school. More observances have been honored as time has passed, continually changing the school calendar.[19]

text: As the nation expanded and grew, the nation saw the need for an educated populace and more public schools were built. But the need for academic breaks from learning was always seen as necessary. Nineteenth century and early twentieth century belief regarded the brain as a muscle, and thought that too much work and strain on the brain could result in injury. Therefore, they believed that students should not receive too much education. This was particularly true of younger children whose minds were still developing.[20] As industrialism led to automation and wealth, and the nation recovered and expanded following the Civil War, leisure activity became more important to Americans. Leading advocates for play such as Henry Curtis[21] believed strongly that children were not having enough time for play. In addition to advocating playground equipment, Curtis also advocated that summer should be spent working with families in gardens, and going camping. Curtis was a large supporter of boy and girl scouts and encouraged children to engage in scouting during the summer. If children lived in the cities and were unable to go camping or tend to gardens, schools were a premier place for children to be, but the emphasis should be on learning lifelong skills; sewing, woodworking, crafts, and manual labor.[22]

text: Uruguay[edit]

text: In Uruguay, summer holidays usually begin in early December, and finish in early March (3 months). Students have one week for Easter Holidays, another week for Spring Holidays, and two weeks for the Holiday season.

text: Venezuela[edit]

text: In Venezuela, summer holidays begin in late June or early July and end in late September or early October.

text: Vietnam[edit]

text: In Vietnam, summer holidays usually begins in early June or late May and lasts for two months. It's usually from June to August or late May to late July. Vietnamese students also have a week or two weeks off for Lunar New Year which is in late January or mid-February. Along with other holidays including but not limited to Independence Day (Vietnam) on September 2, International Labour Day and Reunification Day


document_title: Trivia Crack

question_text: how do you lose lives in trivia crack

question_tokens: how do you lose lives in trivia crack

text: Trivia Crack

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The game's questions are based on 6 knowledge categories: Entertainment, Art, Sports, History, Science and Geography.[4] The game has 6 cartoonish iconic characters, one to represent each category (for example, a globe to represent the Geography category). The objective of a Classic-mode game is to answer questions correctly and in doing so, obtain all 6 characters before one's opponent does. In the Classic and Challenge (not to be confused with the Challenge during a classic game) modes, the time limit to answer the given question is 20 seconds, while it is 10 seconds in Trivia Rush.

text: A player may start a new game by pressing the New Game button on the app. They can choose to play against one of their Facebook friends, a friend they have, or they can play against a random opponent. The player starts with 6 empty slots, one to store each of the characters, and an empty 3-slot "crown gauge." The player tries to populate the crown gauge by spinning a wheel and correctly answering the presented question. The player will repeat this as long as they answer questions correctly or obtains all 6 characters and wins the game. If the player answers a question incorrectly, their turn is over and control of the game is passed to their opponent. The first player cannot get more than 3 characters in the first round, so if the third character is obtained in the first player's first turn the turn ends. The second player can get all 6 characters in the first round.

text: It is also possible to play against any other user of Trivia Crack, even if you or they are not on Facebook, by using the search function and entering a user name. The player will be given a list of user names that are a full or partial match that updates as they type.

text: The wheel consists of 7 slots: 6 category slots (one for each knowledge category), and a 7th special "crown" slot. The player spins the wheel and is then presented with a 4-choice question that is based on the category the wheel lands on. Each time the player answers a question correctly, one slot in the crown gauge is filled. The player has a chance to obtain a character anytime the 3-slot crown gauge is filled by either landing on categories and answering questions correctly 3 times, or by landing on the "crown" slot, which automatically fills the crown gauge and immediately grants the opportunity to obtain a character.

text: Each time the player gains the opportunity to obtain a character, they are asked which way they wish to try for it: the "crown" method or the "challenge" method. If the player chooses the crown method, they are asked to choose which category-based character to try for from a list of characters they have not yet obtained. The player will be presented with a question from the category associated with the character. If the question is answered correctly, the player wins that character and either continues trying for the remaining unattained characters, or wins the game after obtaining all 6 characters. The player can also choose the "challenge" method, which gives them an opportunity to steal a character from his opponent, but in doing so must bet one of their own characters. In challenge mode, the player is given a series of 6 questions in a row to answer (correctly or incorrectly), then their opponent is given the same questions. If the challenger answers more questions correctly, they are able to steal a character from their opponent. If the challenger loses the challenge, they also lose the character they bet. If there is a tie, the defending player receives an extra question, in which the winner of the challenge is dependant on whether the defender answers the question correctly.

text: A game is over after either one of the players obtains all 6 characters, making them the winner, or a total of 25 rounds have been played. A round is completed each time both players play their turns until they answer a question incorrectly. If 25 rounds are played and neither player has obtained all 6 characters, the player with the most characters will be the winner. If both players have the same number of characters, a 6-question challenge will be presented to each player, and the winner will be the one that answers the most questions. If both players tie the challenge, the player that initially started the game will be the winner.[5]

text: It is possible for a given player to have multiple games in progress at a time. The app's main screen will show the player which games are currently waiting for them to play their turn, which games are waiting for the other player to play their turn, finished games that the player won or lost, games awaiting a Facebook friend's approval, or games a Facebook friend started that are awaiting the player's approval. Each game will list the score, that is, how many characters the player has and how many their opponent has.

text: When starting a game against a Facebook friend, the starting player will play their turns until they answer a question incorrectly, and the game will then be in a pending-approval status. Their Facebook-friend opponent can choose to accept or reject the game, and if they accept, game play continues normally until one of players obtains 6 characters or 25 rounds are completed. If a player chooses to start a game against a random opponent, the player will play their turn until they answer incorrectly, then will be randomly matched up with an opponent who has recently played his/her turns. If the starting player gets three characters without missing a question, the game will inform the player that they cannot get more than three characters before the opponent has a chance to play.

text: When a game's turn is passed to a player (from the opponent answering incorrectly), the game will wait up to 72 hours for that player to play their turn. If 72 hours pass and the player has not played his/her turns, the game will force the player to forfeit.

text: A challenge mode is also available. The player names the challenge and then invites friends to play. This will cost the player who started the game a life and all friends who accept the challenges one too. Each player is given the same 12 questions, 2 from each category. The winner is the player who gets the most questions right in the quickest time. The winner gets a set number of coins based on how many players have accepted the challenge.

text: Free spins[edit]

text: A newly created player starts with 3 "free spins." If a player spins the wheel and lands on a category they consider difficult, the player may use one of their free spins to spin the wheel again in the hopes of landing on a different category. If a player runs out of free spins, they can request more from their Facebook friends. Free spins are no longer purchaseable.

text: Power-ups and coins[edit]

text: The game makes three power-ups available; three in the standard game and two in "challenge mode," which players can use to help answer a question. Using a power-up costs coins, and each power-up costs a different amount. Coins can be obtained by either the player purchasing them, winning them in challenges/standard games, obtaining them by reaching certain game milestones, or by using a prize card from a gem machine.

text: (1.) Bomb: Using this power-up "blows away" (discards) two randomly selected wrong answers, narrowing the player's choices down to the correct answer and a remaining wrong answer.

text: (2.) Double Chance: If this power-up is used before guessing an answer, the player gets a second chance to pick the correct answer should they answer incorrectly the first time.

text: (3.) Skip: This allows the player to skip over a question to a new one in the same category.

text: In all cases, only one power-up can be used. Once a power-up is used, all power-ups are disabled until the player answers. If the player answers correctly, power-ups will be available for use for the next question. If the player answers incorrectly, power-ups will also be available in the next question, however whether or not the question is answered correctly, the cost and choice to use the power-up is final.

text: Lives[edit]

text: "Lives" serve as a mechanism to throttle how often new games can be started, and also provide an in-app revenue opportunity for the developer. Each time a player starts a game by pressing the New Game button, or accepts a Facebook friend's request to play against them, they are charged a Life. A player can have as many lives as they wish, and as they spend lives, the game will automatically replenish one life every hour, provided they are below 5 lives, until the player returns to a full charge of 5 lives. A heart icon on the app's main screen shows how many lives the player currently has, and if they have less than 5, a timer will also display that ticks down in real time to show how long until the next replenishment. If the player runs out of lives, they must wait for replenishment before they can start any new games or approve a new game started against them by a Facebook friend. A player who does not want to wait can either request lives from their Facebook friends, or can buy lives through an in-app purchase.

text: When the app is updated, players are offered the opportunity to buy unlimited lives.

text: Running out of lives does not affect games that are already in progress, and these games can continue to be played in the meantime when it becomes the player's turn.

text: A newly updated Trivia Crack allows players to replenish one life by watching a video. Watching ads are one of the ways this free mobile app makes money.

text: Freebies[edit]

text: A game update introduced freebies, where the player can collect free coins, lives, and gems. Initially, the player starts with 2 cards, which allows the player to collect 1 life and a coin. The game will then undergo a tutorial (unless skipped by the user) to claim another card for free. Answering 25 questions correctly (they do not have to be consecutive) awards the player with a gem, which they can spend to buy new cards. Cards are available in four rarities, Common, Aqua, Gold, and Black, and is representative of how great the card is. Three machines are available, using 1 Gem, 3 Gems, and 5 Gems per card. Machines do not have an unlimited number of cards; a number above the 'Push' button tells the user how many cards are remaining in the machine, and tapping the question mark beside the machine name will inform the user of how many of each rarity of card remains in the machine. Seasonal machines occasionally appear next to the three machines, and can be purchased at 1 or 2 Gems for the first card per day, then 5 Gems. In the mobile versions, a VIP machine is available, and only contains cards that the player has not yet acquired from seasonal machines, but the number of gems needed to obtain one of these cards does not stay the same, and increases in number as fewer cards remain in it. Duplicate cards can also be traded in with five duplicates giving a player per one gem in return for the exchange, with three trade-ins allowed every four hours. Once the player has collected the 5 obtainable cards in a set, the sixth card, a 'Prize Card', is unlocked, and is usually better than all of the other cards in the set. If the player has enough Gems, they can also opt to 'Push x9', to get nine cards from that machine.

text: Trivia Rush[edit]

text: A new game update introduced Trivia Rush, in which two players compete head-to-head in 5 questions for coins. A player chooses from 4 entry fees to compete with another player, then a computer-controlled wheel will choose a category for a question. The two players then compete to answer the questions - the winner is determined by the most questions correct out of 5, and wins slightly less than double the entry fee. In case of a tie, half of the winning prize is refunded, making Trivia Rush unprofitable or very slightly profitable in the long run.


document_title: List of Stanley Cup champions

question_text: who won 5 stanley cups in a row

question_tokens: who won 5 stanley cups in a row

text: List of Stanley Cup champions

text: Challenge Cup era (1893–1914)[edit]

text: The origins of the Challenge era come from the method of play of the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada prior to 1893. From 1887 to 1893, the league did not play a round-robin format, but rather challenges between teams of the association that year, with the winner of the series being the 'interim' champion, with the final challenge winner becoming the league champion for the year. The Stanley Cup kept the tradition going, but added league championships as another way that a team could win the trophy. If a team in the same league as the current champion won the league championship, it would then inherit the Cup, without a challenge. The only time this rule was not followed was in 1904, when the Ottawa Senators club withdrew from its league, the CAHL. The trustees ruled that the Cup stayed with Ottawa, instead of the CAHL league champion.

text: During the challenge cup period, none of the leagues that played for the trophy had a formal playoff system to decide their respective champions; whichever team finished in first place after the regular season won the league title.[2] A playoff would only be played if teams tied for first-place in their leagues at the end of the regular season. Challenge games were played until 1912 at any time during hockey season by challenges approved and/or ordered by the Stanley Cup trustees. In 1912, Cup trustees declared that it was only to be defended at the end of the champion team's regular season.[3]

text: In 1908, the Allan Cup was introduced as the trophy for Canada's amateurs, as the Stanley Cup became a symbol of professional hockey supremacy.[4]

text: This table lists the outcome of all Stanley Cup wins, including successful victories and defenses in challenges, and league championships for the challenge era.

text:
Date
Winning team
Coach
Losing team
Playoff format
Score
Winning goal

March 17, 1893
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
1893 AHAC champions, no challengers

March 22, 1894
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
Ottawa HC (AHAC)
Single-elimination
(1894 AHAC championship playoff)
3–1
Billy Barlow (9:00, third qtr)

March 9, 1895
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)[A]
Mike Grant (capt.)
1895 AHAC Champion

March 9, 1895
Montreal Hockey Club (AHAC)[A]
Harry Shaw (mgr.)
Queen's University (OHA)
Single-elimination
5–1

February 14, 1896
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Jack Armytage (capt.)
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Single-elimination
2–0
Jack Armytage (10:00, first half)[5][6]

February 29, 1896
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Jack Armytage (capt.)
1896 MHA champion[7]

December 30, 1896
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Single-elimination
6–5
Ernie McLea (28:00, second half)

March 6, 1897
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
1897 AHAC Champion

December 27, 1897
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Mike Grant (capt.)
Ottawa Capitals (CCHA)
Single-elimination[B]
15–2

March 5, 1898
Montreal Victorias (AHAC)
Frank Richardson-playing
1898 AHAC Champion

February 15–18, 1899
Montreal Victorias (CAHL)
Frank Richardson-Playing
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Two-game total goals
5–3
Robert MacDougall (second half)

March 4, 1899
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
1899 CAHL Champion

March 14, 1899
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Queen's University (OHA)
Single-elimination
6–2
Harry Trihey

February 12–15, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Harry Trihey (second half)

March 7, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
Halifax Crescents (MaPHL)
Best-of-three
2–0 (10–2, 11–0)

March 10, 1900
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Barney Dunphy
1900 CAHL Champion

January 29–31, 1901
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Montreal Shamrocks (CAHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Dan Bain (4:00, OT)

February 19, 1901
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Winnipeg HC (MHA)
Single-elimination
(1901 MHA championship)
4–3[8]

January 21–23, 1902
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
Toronto Wellingtons (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Fred Scanlon (9:00, second half)

March 1902
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Dan Bain (capt.)
1902 MHA Champion

March 13–17, 1902
Montreal HC (CAHL)
Clarence McKerrow
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Jack Marshall (first half)

January 29–31,
February 2–4, 1903
Montreal HC (CAHL)
Desse Browne
Winnipeg Victorias (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1[C]
Tom Phillips

March 7–10, 1903
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith
Montreal Victorias (CAHL)
Two-game total goals
(1903 CAHL championship playoff)
9–1
Suddy Gilmour (4:34, first half, second game)

March 12–14, 1903
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith
Rat Portage Thistles (MNWHA)
Two-game total goals
10–4
Frank McGee (8:20, first half)

December 30, 1903, January 1–4, 1904
Ottawa HC (CAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Winnipeg Rowing Club (MHA)
Best-of-three
2–1
Frank McGee (11:00, second half)

February 23–25, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Toronto Marlboros (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Arthur Moore (9:38, first half)

March 2, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Montreal Wanderers (FAHL)
Two-game total goals
[E]

March 9–11, 1904
Ottawa HC[D]
Alf Smith-playing
Brandon Wheat Cities (MNWHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Frank McGee (18:00, first half)

January 13–16, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Dawson City Nuggets
Best-of-three
2–0
Harry Westwick (12:15, first half)

March 3, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
1905 FAHL Champion

March 7–9–11, 1905
Ottawa HC (FAHL)
Alf Smith-playing
Rat Portage Thistles (MHL)
Best-of-three
2–1
Frank McGee

February 27–28, 1906
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Alf Smith-playing
Queen's University (OHA)
Best-of-three
2–0
Harvey Pulford (10:00, second half)

March 6–8, 1906
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Alf Smith-playing
Smiths Falls HC (FAHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Frank McGee (17:45, first half)

March 14–17, 1906
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford-playing
Ottawa HC (ECAHA)
Two-game total goals
(1906 ECAHA championship playoff)
12–10
Lester Patrick

December 27–29, 1906
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford-playing
New Glasgow Cubs (MaHL)
Two-game total goals
17–5

January 21–23, 1907
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
James Link
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Two-game total goals
12–8
Roxy Beaudro

March 16–18, 1907
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
James Link
Brandon Wheat Cities (MPHL)
Best-of-three
(1907 MPHL championship)
2–0
Fred Whitcroft (19:00, first half)[9]

March 23–25, 1907
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Lester Patrick (capt.)
Kenora Thistles (MPHL)
Two-game total goals
12–8
Ernest "Moose" Johnson

January 9–13, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Ottawa Victorias (FAHL)
Two-game total goals
22–4
Frank Glass (25:00, first half, first game)[10]

March 7, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
1908 ECAHA Champions

March 10–12, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Winnipeg Maple Leafs (MPHL)
Two-game total goals
20–8

March 14, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECAHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Toronto (OPHL)
Single-elimination
6–4
Ernest "Moose" Johnson

December 28–30, 1908
Montreal Wanderers (ECHA)
Cecil Blachford (capt.)
Edmonton Hockey Club (AAHA)
Two-game total goals
13–10
Walter Smaill (33:45, second half, second game)[11]

March 6, 1909
Ottawa HC (ECHA)
Pete Green
1909 ECHA champions

January 5–7, 1910
Ottawa HC (CHA)
Pete Green
Galt HC (OPHL)
Two-game total goals
15–4
Hamby Shore (10:10, first half, first game)[12]

January 18–20, 1910
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Edmonton Hockey Club (AAHA)
Two-game total goals
21–11
Bruce Stuart (23:45, first half)

March 9, 1910
Montreal Wanderers (NHA)
Frank Glass (capt.)
1910 NHA Champion

March 12, 1910
Montreal Wanderers (NHA)
Frank Glass (capt.)
Berlin Dutchmen (OPHL)
Single-elimination
7–3
Harry Hyland (22:00, first half)

March 10, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
1911 NHA Champions

March 13, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Galt HC (OPHL)
Single-elimination
7–4
Marty Walsh (5:00, third)

March 16, 1911
Ottawa HC (NHA)
Pete Green
Port Arthur Bearcats
(New Ontario Hockey League)
Single-elimination
13–4
Marty Walsh (4:30, second)

March 5, 1912
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Charles Nolan
1912 NHA Champions

March 11–13, 1912
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Charles Nolan
Moncton Victorias (MaPHL)
Best-of-three
2–0
Joe Malone (18:00, first)

March 5, 1913
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Joe Malone (capt.)
1913 NHA Champions

March 8–10, 1913
Quebec Bulldogs (NHA)
Joe Malone (capt.)
Sydney Millionaires (MaPHL)
Two-game total goals
20–5
Tommy Smith (3:10, second, first game)[13]

March 7–11, 1914
Toronto Hockey Club (NHA)
Jack Marshall (playing-mgr.)
Montreal Canadiens (NHA)
Two-game total goals
(1914 NHA championship playoff)
6–2
Scotty Davidson (2:00, third, second game)[14]

March 14–17–19, 1914
Toronto Hockey Club (NHA)
Jack Marshall (playing-mgr.)
Victoria Aristocrats (PCHA)
Best-of-five
3–0[F]
Harry Cameron (7:00, third)[15]

text: ^ A. Although the Montreal Victorias won the AHAC title in 1895, the Stanley Cup trustees had already accepted a challenge from the 1894 Cup champion Montreal HC and Queen's University. As a compromise, the trustees decided that if the Montreal HC won the challenge match, the Victorias would become the Stanley Cup champions. The Montreals eventually won the game, 5–1, and their crosstown rivals were awarded the Cup.

text: ^ B. Intended to be a best-of-three series, Ottawa Capitals withdrew their challenge after the first game.

text: ^ C. The January 31 (a Saturday) game was tied 2–2 at midnight and the Mayor of Westmount refused to allow play to continue on Sunday. The game was played on February 2 (a Monday) and the January 31 game was considered to be void.[16]

text: ^ D. For most of 1904, the Ottawa Hockey Club was not affiliated with any league.

text: ^ E. The Montreal Wanderers were disqualified as the result of a dispute. After game one ended tied at the end of regulation, 5–5, the Wanderers refused to play overtime with the current referee, and then subsequently refused to play the next game of the series in Ottawa.

text: ^ F. During the series, it was revealed that the Victoria club had not filed a formal challenge. A letter arrived from the Stanley Cup trustees on March 17, stating that the trustees would not let the Stanley Cup travel west, as they did not consider Victoria a proper challenger because they had not formally notified the trustees.[17] However, on March 18, Trustee William Foran stated that it was a misunderstanding. PCHA president Frank Patrick had not filed a challenge because he had expected Emmett Quinn, president of the NHA to make all of the arrangements in his role as hockey commissioner, whereas the trustees thought they were being deliberately ignored. In any case, all arrangements had been ironed out and the Victoria challenge was accepted.[18][19]

text:
Coleman, Charles L. (1964). The Trail of the Stanley Cup, vol. 1, 1893–1926 inc. Sherbrooke, Quebec: Sherbrooke Daily Record Company Limited.
Montreal Gazette
Ottawa Citizen
Ottawa Journal
Winnipeg Tribune

text: NHA/NHL vs. PCHA/WCHL/WHL champions (1915–1926)[edit]

text: Several days after the Victoria Aristocrats – Toronto Hockey Club series, Stanley Cup trustee William Foran wrote to NHA president Emmett Quinn that the trustees are "perfectly satisfied to allow the representatives of the three pro leagues (NHA, PCHA, and Maritime) to make all arrangements each season as to the series of matches to be played for the Cup." Maritime league did not challenge for cup in 1914, and folded after 1915 season.[20] The Stanley Cup championship finals alternated between the East and the West each year, with games played alternately under NHA or PCHA rules.[21] The Cup trustees agreed to this new arrangement, because after the Allan Cup became the highest prize for amateur hockey teams in Canada, the trustees had become dependent on the top two professional leagues to bolster the prominence of the trophy.[22][incomplete short citation] After the New Westminster Royal moved to Portland in the summer of 1914 becoming the Portland Rosebuds, an American-based team, the trustees issued a statement that the Cup was no longer for the best team in Canada, but now for the best team in the world.[21] In March 1916, the Rosebuds became the first American team to play in the Stanley Cup championship final.[23][incomplete short citation] In 1917, the Seattle Metropolitans became the first American team to win the Cup.[24] After that season, the NHA was suspended and the National Hockey League (NHL) took its place.[21]

text: In 1919, the Spanish influenza epidemic forced the Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans to cancel their series tied at 2–2–1, marking the first time the Stanley Cup was not awarded.[25]

text: The format for the Stanley Cup championship changed in 1922, with the creation of the Western Canada Hockey League (WCHL). Now three leagues competed for the Cup and this necessitated a semi-final series between two league champions, with the third having a bye directly to the final.[26] In 1924, the PCHA folded and only the Vancouver and Victoria teams entered the WCHL. With the loss of the PCHA, the championship reverted to a single series.[27] After their win in 1925, the Victoria Cougars became the last team outside the NHL to win the Stanley Cup.[28] For the 1925–26 season the WCHL was renamed the Western Hockey League (WHL). With the Victoria Cougars' loss in 1926, it would be the last time a non-NHL team competed for the Stanley Cup.

text:
Year
Winning team
Coach
Games
Losing team
Coach
Winning goal

1915
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (1, 1–0)
Frank Patrick-playing
3–0
Ottawa Senators (NHA) (1, 0–1)
Frank Shaughnessy (mgr.)
Barney Stanley (5:30, second)

1916
Montreal Canadiens (NHA) (1, 1–0)
Newsy Lalonde-playing
3–2
Portland Rosebuds (PCHA) (1, 0–1)
Edward Savage (mgr.)
George Prodgers (17:20, third)

1917
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) (1, 1–0)
Pete Muldoon
3–1
Montreal Canadiens (NHA) (2, 1–1)
Newsy Lalonde-playing
Bernie Morris (7:55, first)

1918
Toronto Arenas[29] (NHL) (1, 1–0)
Dick Carroll
3–2
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (2, 1–1)
Frank Patrick-playing
Corb Denneny (10:30, third)

1919
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) vs. Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) – Series cancelled after the fifth game because of the flu epidemic – Stanley Cup not awarded

1920
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (2, 1–1)
Pete Green
3–2
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA) (3, 1–1)
Pete Muldoon
Jack Darragh (5:00, third)

1921
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (3, 2–1)
Pete Green
3–2
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (3, 1–2)
Frank Patrick-playing
Jack Darragh (9:40, second)

1922
Toronto St. Pats (NHL) (2, 2–0)
George O'Donoghue
3–2
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA) (4, 1–3)
Frank Patrick-playing
Babe Dye (4:20, first)

1923
Ottawa Senators (NHL) (4, 3–1)
Pete Green
2–0
Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL) (1, 0–1)
Ken McKenzine
Punch Broadbent (11:23, first)

1924
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) (4, 2–1)
Léo Dandurand
2–0
Calgary Tigers (WCHL) (1, 0–1)
Eddie Oatman-playing
Howie Morenz (4:55, first)

1925
Victoria Cougars (WCHL) (1, 1–0)
Lester Patrick
3–1
Montreal Canadiens (NHL) (5, 2–2)
Léo Dandurand
Gizzy Hart (2:35, second)

1926
Montreal Maroons (NHL) (1, 1–0)
Eddie Gerard
3–1
Victoria Cougars (WHL) (2, 1–1)
Lester Patrick
Nels Stewart (2:50, second)

text: NHL champions (since 1927)[edit]

text: The WHL folded in 1926, and its assets were bought by the NHL. This left the NHL as the only league left competing for the Cup. Other leagues and clubs have issued challenges, but from that year forward, no non-NHL team has played for it, leading it to become the de facto championship trophy of the NHL.[27] In 1947, the NHL reached an agreement with trustees P. D. Ross and Cooper Smeaton to grant control of the Cup to the NHL, allowing the league itself to reject challenges from other leagues that may have wished to play for the Cup.[30][31] A 2006 Ontario Superior Court case found that the trustees had gone against Lord Stanley's conditions in the 1947 agreement.[32] The NHL has agreed to allow other teams to play for the Cup should the league not be operating, as was the case in the 2004–05 NHL lockout.[31]

text: Since 1927, the league's playoff format, deciding which teams advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals, has changed multiple times. In some systems that were previously used, playoff teams were seeded regardless of division or conference. From 1942 to 1967, the Cup was competed for by the league's six teams, also known as the Original Six. After the 1967 NHL Expansion, the Stanley Cup was competed for by the winners of each conference. Since 1982, the Finals have been played between the league's conference playoff champions.

text:
Year
Winning team
Coach
Games
Losing team
Coach
Winning goal

1927
Ottawa Senators (C) (5, 4–1)
Dave Gill
2–0–2
Boston Bruins (A) (1, 0–1)
Art Ross
Cy Denneny (7:30, second)

1928
New York Rangers (A) (1, 1–0)
Lester Patrick-playing
3–2
Montreal Maroons (C) (2, 1–1)
Eddie Gerard
Frank Boucher (3:35, third)

1929
Boston Bruins (A) (2, 1–1)
Cy Denneny-playing
2–0
New York Rangers (A) (2, 1–1)
Lester Patrick
Bill Carson (18:02, third)

1930
Montreal Canadiens (C) (6, 3–2)
Cecil Hart
2–0
Boston Bruins (A) (3, 1–2)
Art Ross
Howie Morenz (1:00, second)

1931
Montreal Canadiens (C) (7, 4–2)
Cecil Hart
3–2
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (1, 0–1)
Dick Irvin
Johnny Gagnon (9:59, second)

1932
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (3, 3–0)
Dick Irvin
3–0
New York Rangers (A) (3, 1–2)
Lester Patrick
Ace Bailey (15:07, third)

1933
New York Rangers (A) (4, 2–2)
Lester Patrick
3–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (4, 3–1)
Dick Irvin
Bill Cook (7:34, OT)

1934
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (2, 1–1)
Tommy Gorman
3–1
Detroit Red Wings (A) (1, 0–1)
Jack Adams
Mush March (10:05, second OT)

1935
Montreal Maroons (C) (2, 2–1)
Tommy Gorman
3–0
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (5, 3–2)
Dick Irvin
Baldy Northcott (16:18, second)

1936
Detroit Red Wings (A) (2, 1–1)
Jack Adams
3–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (6, 3–3)
Dick Irvin
Pete Kelly (9:45, third)

1937
Detroit Red Wings (A) (3, 2–1)
Jack Adams
3–2
New York Rangers (A) (5, 2–3)
Lester Patrick
Marty Barry (19:22, first)

1938
Chicago Black Hawks (A) (3, 2–1)
Bill Stewart
3–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (C) (7, 3–4)
Dick Irvin
Carl Voss (16:45, second)

1939
Boston Bruins (4, 2–2)
Art Ross
4–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (8, 3–5)
Dick Irvin
Roy Conacher (17:54, second)

1940
New York Rangers (6, 3–3)
Frank Boucher
4–2
Toronto Maple Leafs (9, 3–6)
Dick Irvin
Bryan Hextall (2:07, OT)

1941
Boston Bruins (5, 3–2)
Cooney Weiland
4–0
Detroit Red Wings (4, 2–2)
Jack Adams
Bobby Bauer (8:43, second)

1942
Toronto Maple Leafs (10, 4–6)
Hap Day
4–3
Detroit Red Wings (5, 2–3)
Jack Adams
Pete Langelle (9:48, third)

1943
Detroit Red Wings (6, 3–3)
Jack Adams
4–0
Boston Bruins (6, 3–3)
Art Ross
Joe Carveth (12:09, first)

1944
Montreal Canadiens (8, 5–2)
Dick Irvin
4–0
Chicago Black Hawks (4, 2–2)
Paul Thompson
Toe Blake (9:12, OT)

1945
Toronto Maple Leafs (11, 5–6)
Hap Day
4–3
Detroit Red Wings (7, 3–4)
Jack Adams
Babe Pratt (12:14, third)

1946
Montreal Canadiens (9, 6–2)
Dick Irvin
4–1
Boston Bruins (7, 3–4)
Dit Clapper
Toe Blake (11:06, third)

1947
Toronto Maple Leafs (12, 6–6)
Hap Day
4–2
Montreal Canadiens (10, 6–3)
Dick Irvin
Ted Kennedy (14:39, third)

1948
Toronto Maple Leafs (13, 7–6)
Hap Day
4–0
Detroit Red Wings (8, 3–5)
Tommy Ivan
Harry Watson (11:13, first)

1949
Toronto Maple Leafs (14, 8–6)
Hap Day
4–0
Detroit Red Wings (9, 3–6)
Tommy Ivan
Cal Gardner (19:45, second)

1950
Detroit Red Wings (10, 4–6)
Tommy Ivan
4–3
New York Rangers (7, 3–4)
Lynn Patrick
Pete Babando (8:31, second OT)

1951
Toronto Maple Leafs (15, 9–6)
Joe Primeau
4–1
Montreal Canadiens (11, 6–4)
Dick Irvin
Bill Barilko (2:53, OT)

1952
Detroit Red Wings (11, 5–6)
Tommy Ivan
4–0
Montreal Canadiens (12, 6–5)
Dick Irvin
Metro Prystai (6:50, first)

1953
Montreal Canadiens (13, 7–5)
Dick Irvin
4–1
Boston Bruins (8, 3–5)
Lynn Patrick
Elmer Lach (1:22, OT)

1954
Detroit Red Wings (12, 6–6)
Tommy Ivan
4–3
Montreal Canadiens (14, 7–6)
Dick Irvin
Tony Leswick (4:20, OT)

1955
Detroit Red Wings (13, 7–6)
Jimmy Skinner
4–3
Montreal Canadiens (15, 7–7)
Dick Irvin
Gordie Howe (19:49, second)

1956
Montreal Canadiens (16, 8–7)
Toe Blake
4–1
Detroit Red Wings (14, 7–7)
Jimmy Skinner
Maurice Richard (15:08, second)

1957
Montreal Canadiens (17, 9–7)
Toe Blake
4–1
Boston Bruins (9, 3–6)
Milt Schmidt
Dickie Moore (0:14, second)

1958
Montreal Canadiens (18, 10–7)
Toe Blake
4–2
Boston Bruins (10, 3–7)
Milt Schmidt
Bernie Geoffrion (19:26, second)

1959
Montreal Canadiens (19, 11–7)
Toe Blake
4–1
Toronto Maple Leafs (16, 9–7)
Punch Imlach
Marcel Bonin (9:55, second)

1960
Montreal Canadiens (20, 12–7)
Toe Blake
4–0
Toronto Maple Leafs (17, 9–8)
Punch Imlach
Jean Beliveau (8:16, first)

1961
Chicago Black Hawks (5, 3–2)
Rudy Pilous
4–2
Detroit Red Wings (15, 7–8)
Sid Abel
Ab McDonald (18:49, second)

1962
Toronto Maple Leafs (18, 10–8)
Punch Imlach
4–2
Chicago Black Hawks (6, 3–3)
Rudy Pilous
Dick Duff (14:14, third)

1963
Toronto Maple Leafs (19, 11–8)
Punch Imlach
4–1
Detroit Red Wings (16, 7–9)
Sid Abel
Eddie Shack (13:28, third)

1964
Toronto Maple Leafs (20, 12–8)
Punch Imlach
4–3
Detroit Red Wings (17, 7–10)
Sid Abel
Andy Bathgate (3:04, first)

1965
Montreal Canadiens (21, 13–7)
Toe Blake
4–3
Chicago Black Hawks (7, 3–4)
Billy Reay
Jean Beliveau (0:14, first)

1966
Montreal Canadiens (22, 14–7)
Toe Blake
4–2
Detroit Red Wings (18, 7–11)
Sid Abel
Henri Richard (2:20, OT)

1967
Toronto Maple Leafs (21, 13–8)
Punch Imlach
4–2
Montreal Canadiens (23, 14–8)
Toe Blake
Jim Pappin (19:24, second)

1968
Montreal Canadiens (E) (24, 15–8)
Toe Blake
4–0
St. Louis Blues (W) (1, 0–1)
Scotty Bowman
J. C. Tremblay (11:40, third)

1969
Montreal Canadiens (E) (25, 16–8)
Claude Ruel
4–0
St. Louis Blues (W) (2, 0–2)
Scotty Bowman
John Ferguson (3:02, third)

1970
Boston Bruins (E) (11, 4–7)
Harry Sinden
4–0
St. Louis Blues (W) (3, 0–3)
Scotty Bowman
Bobby Orr (0:40, OT)

1971
Montreal Canadiens (E) (26, 17–8)
Al MacNeil
4–3
Chicago Black Hawks (W) (8, 3–5)
Billy Reay
Henri Richard (2:34, third)

1972
Boston Bruins (E) (12, 5–7)
Tom Johnson
4–2
New York Rangers (E) (8, 3–5)
Emile Francis
Bobby Orr (11:18, first)

1973
Montreal Canadiens (E) (27, 18–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–2
Chicago Black Hawks (W) (9, 3–6)
Billy Reay
Yvan Cournoyer (8:13, third)

1974
Philadelphia Flyers (W) (1, 1–0)
Fred Shero
4–2
Boston Bruins (E) (13, 5–8)
Bep Guidolin
Rick MacLeish (14:48, first)

1975
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (2, 2–0)
Fred Shero
4–2
Buffalo Sabres (PW) (1, 0–1)
Floyd Smith
Bob Kelly (0:11, third)

1976
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (28, 19–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (3, 2–1)
Fred Shero
Guy Lafleur (14:18, third)

1977
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (29, 20–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Boston Bruins (PW) (14, 5–9)
Don Cherry
Jacques Lemaire (4:32, OT)

1978
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (30, 21–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–2
Boston Bruins (PW) (15, 5–10)
Don Cherry
Mario Tremblay (9:20, first)

1979
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (31, 22–8)
Scotty Bowman
4–1
New York Rangers (CC) (9, 3–6)
Fred Shero
Jacques Lemaire (1:02, second)

1980
New York Islanders (CC) (1, 1–0)
Al Arbour
4–2
Philadelphia Flyers (CC) (4, 2–2)
Pat Quinn
Bob Nystrom (7:11, OT)

1981
New York Islanders (CC) (2, 2–0)
Al Arbour
4–1
Minnesota North Stars (PW) (1, 0–1)
Glen Sonmor
Wayne Merrick (5:37, first)

1982
New York Islanders (PW) (3, 3–0)
Al Arbour
4–0
Vancouver Canucks (CC) (1, 0–1)
Roger Neilson
Mike Bossy (5:00, second)

1983
New York Islanders (PW) (4, 4–0)
Al Arbour
4–0
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (1, 0–1)
Glen Sather
Mike Bossy (12:39, first)

1984
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (2, 1–1)
Glen Sather
4–1
New York Islanders (PW) (5, 4–1)
Al Arbour
Ken Linseman (0:38, second)

1985
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (3, 2–1)
Glen Sather
4–1
Philadelphia Flyers (PW) (5, 2–3)
Mike Keenan
Paul Coffey (17:57, first)

1986
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (32, 23–8)
Jean Perron
4–1
Calgary Flames (CC) (1, 0–1)
Bob Johnson
Bobby Smith (10:30, third)

1987
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (4, 3–1)
Glen Sather
4–3
Philadelphia Flyers (PW) (6, 2–4)
Mike Keenan
Jari Kurri (14:59, second)

1988
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (5, 4–1)
Glen Sather
4–0
Boston Bruins (PW) (16, 5–11)
Terry O'Reilly
Wayne Gretzky (9:44, second)

1989
Calgary Flames (CC) (2, 1–1)
Terry Crisp
4–2
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (33, 23–9)
Pat Burns
Doug Gilmour (11:02, third)

1990
Edmonton Oilers (CC) (6, 5–1)
John Muckler
4–1
Boston Bruins (PW) (17, 5–12)
Mike Milbury
Craig Simpson (9:31, second)

1991
Pittsburgh Penguins (PW) (1, 1–0)
Bob Johnson
4–2
Minnesota North Stars (CC) (2, 0–2)
Bob Gainey
Ulf Samuelsson (2:00, first)

1992
Pittsburgh Penguins (PW) (2, 2–0)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Chicago Blackhawks (CC) (10, 3–7)
Mike Keenan
Ron Francis (7:59, third)

1993
Montreal Canadiens (PW) (34, 24–9)
Jacques Demers
4–1
Los Angeles Kings (CC) (1, 0–1)
Barry Melrose
Kirk Muller (3:51, second)

1994
New York Rangers (EC) (10, 4–6)
Mike Keenan
4–3
Vancouver Canucks (WC) (2, 0–2)
Pat Quinn
Mark Messier (13:29, second)

1995
New Jersey Devils (EC) (1, 1–0)
Jacques Lemaire
4–0
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (19, 7–12)
Scotty Bowman
Neal Broten (7:56, second)

1996
Colorado Avalanche (WC) (1, 1–0)
Marc Crawford
4–0
Florida Panthers (EC) (1, 0–1)
Doug MacLean
Uwe Krupp (4:31, third OT)

1997
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (20, 8–12)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Philadelphia Flyers (EC) (7, 2–5)
Terry Murray
Darren McCarty (13:02, second)

1998
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (21, 9–12)
Scotty Bowman
4–0
Washington Capitals (EC) (1, 0–1)
Ron Wilson
Martin Lapointe (2:26, second)

1999
Dallas Stars (WC) (3, 1–2)
Ken Hitchcock
4–2
Buffalo Sabres (EC) (2, 0–2)
Lindy Ruff
Brett Hull (14:51, third OT)

2000
New Jersey Devils (EC) (2, 2–0)
Larry Robinson
4–2
Dallas Stars (WC) (4, 1–3)
Ken Hitchcock
Jason Arnott (8:20, second OT)

2001
Colorado Avalanche (WC) (2, 2–0)
Bob Hartley
4–3
New Jersey Devils (EC) (3, 2–1)
Larry Robinson
Alex Tanguay (4:57, second)

2002
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (22, 10–12)
Scotty Bowman
4–1
Carolina Hurricanes (EC) (1, 0–1)
Paul Maurice
Brendan Shanahan (14:04, second)

2003
New Jersey Devils (EC) (4, 3–1)
Pat Burns
4–3
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim (WC) (1, 0–1)
Mike Babcock
Michael Rupp (2:22, second)

2004
Tampa Bay Lightning (EC) (1, 1–0)
John Tortorella
4–3
Calgary Flames (WC) (3, 1–2)
Darryl Sutter
Ruslan Fedotenko (14:38, second)

2005
Season cancelled due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout.

2006
Carolina Hurricanes (EC) (2, 1–1)
Peter Laviolette
4–3
Edmonton Oilers (WC) (7, 5–2)
Craig MacTavish
Frantisek Kaberle (4:18, second)

2007
Anaheim Ducks (WC) (2, 1–1)
Randy Carlyle
4–1
Ottawa Senators (EC) (1, 0–1)
Bryan Murray
Travis Moen (15:44, second)

2008
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (23, 11–12)
Mike Babcock
4–2
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (3, 2–1)
Michel Therrien
Henrik Zetterberg (7:36, third)

2009
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (4, 3–1)
Dan Bylsma
4–3
Detroit Red Wings (WC) (24, 11–13)
Mike Babcock
Maxime Talbot (10:07, second)

2010
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (11, 4–7)
Joel Quenneville
4–2
Philadelphia Flyers (EC) (8, 2–6)
Peter Laviolette
Patrick Kane (4:06, OT)

2011
Boston Bruins (EC) (18, 6–12)
Claude Julien
4–3
Vancouver Canucks (WC) (3, 0–3)
Alain Vigneault
Patrice Bergeron (14:37, first)

2012
Los Angeles Kings (WC) (2, 1–1)
Darryl Sutter
4–2
New Jersey Devils (EC) (5, 3–2)
Peter DeBoer
Jeff Carter (12:45, first)

2013
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (12, 5–7)
Joel Quenneville
4–2
Boston Bruins (EC) (19, 6–13)
Claude Julien
Dave Bolland (19:01, third)

2014
Los Angeles Kings (WC) (3, 2–1)
Darryl Sutter
4–1
New York Rangers (EC) (11, 4–7)
Alain Vigneault
Alec Martinez (14:43, second OT)

2015
Chicago Blackhawks (WC) (13, 6–7)
Joel Quenneville
4–2
Tampa Bay Lightning (EC) (2, 1–1)
Jon Cooper
Duncan Keith (17:13, second)

2016
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (5, 4–1)
Mike Sullivan
4–2
San Jose Sharks (WC) (1, 0–1)
Peter DeBoer
Kris Letang (7:46, second)

2017
Pittsburgh Penguins (EC) (6, 5–1)
Mike Sullivan
4–2
Nashville Predators (WC) (1, 0–1)
Peter Laviolette
Patric Hornqvist (18:25, third)

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Challenge Cup era (1893–1914)[edit]

text: Legend: SC = successful Stanley Cup challenge or defense of championship (win); UC = unsuccessful Stanley Cup challenge or defense of championship (loss); Years in bold denote a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Team
SC
UC
Total
Win %
Appearances

Ottawa HC
17
2
19
.895
1894, 1903 (2), 1904 (4), 1905 (3), 1906 (2), 1906, 1909, 1910 (2), 1911 (3)

Montreal Wanderers
10
2
12
.833
1904, 1906 (2), 1907, 1907, 1908 (5), 1910 (2)

Winnipeg Victorias
6
5
11
.545
1896 (2), 1896, 1899, 1900, 1901 (2), 1902 (2), 1902, 1903

Montreal Victorias
6
2
8
.750
1895, 1896, 1896, 1897 (2), 1898, 1899, 1903

Montreal Shamrocks
5
1
6
.833
1899 (2), 1900 (3), 1901

Montreal HC
5
0
5
1.000
1893, 1894, 1895, 1902, 1903

Quebec Bulldogs
4
0
4
1.000
1912 (2), 1913 (2)

Rat Portage/Kenora Thistles
2
3
5
.400
1903, 1905, 1907 (2), 1907

Toronto Blueshirts
2
0
2
1.000
1914 (2)

Queen's University
0
3
3
.000
1895, 1899, 1906

Brandon Wheat Cities
0
2
2
.000
1904, 1907

Edmonton HC
0
2
2
.000
1908, 1910

Galt HC
0
2
2
.000
1910, 1911

Winnipeg Maple Leafs
0
2
2
.000
1901, 1908

text: The following 16 teams unsuccessfully challenged for a Stanley Cup only once: Berlin Dutchmen (1910), Dawson City Nuggets (1905), Halifax Crescents (1900), Moncton Victorias (1912), Montreal Canadiens (1914), New Glasgow Cubs (1906), Ottawa Capitals (1897), Ottawa Victorias (1908), Port Arthur Bearcats (1911), Smiths Falls (1906), Sydney Millionaires (1913), Toronto Marlboros (1904), Toronto Professionals (1908), Toronto Wellingtons (1902), Victoria Aristocrats (1914), Winnipeg Rowing Club (1904).

text: Stanley Cup Finals era (since 1915)[edit]

text: Active teams[edit]

text: Unless marked otherwise, teams played in the NHL exclusively at the time they competed for the Stanley Cup. A bolded year denotes a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Apps
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Years of appearance (in Stanley Cup Finals)

7001340000000000000♠34[a]
Montreal Canadiens
7001240000000000000♠24
7000900000000000000♠9[a]
.727
1916, 1917, 1919 [a], 1924, 1925, 1930, 1931, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1986, 1989, 1993

7001240000000000000♠24
Detroit Red Wings
7001110000000000000♠11
7001130000000000000♠13
.458
1934, 1936, 1937, 1941, 1942, 1943, 1945, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1961, 1963, 1964, 1966, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2008, 2009

7001210000000000000♠21
Toronto Maple Leafs[b]
7001130000000000000♠13
7000800000000000000♠8
.619
1918, 1922, 1932, 1933, 1935, 1936, 1938, 1939, 1940, 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1967

7001190000000000000♠19
Boston Bruins
7000600000000000000♠6
7001130000000000000♠13
.316
1927, 1929, 1930, 1939, 1941, 1943, 1946, 1953, 1957, 1958, 1970, 1972, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1988, 1990, 2011, 2013

7001130000000000000♠13
Chicago Blackhawks[c]
7000600000000000000♠6
7000700000000000000♠7
.462
1931, 1934, 1938, 1944, 1961, 1962, 1965, 1971, 1973, 1992, 2010, 2013, 2015

7001110000000000000♠11
New York Rangers
7000400000000000000♠4
7000700000000000000♠7
.364
1928, 1929, 1932, 1933, 1937, 1940, 1950, 1972, 1979, 1994, 2014

7000800000000000000♠8
Philadelphia Flyers
7000200000000000000♠2
7000600000000000000♠6
.250
1974, 1975, 1976, 1980, 1985, 1987, 1997, 2010

7000700000000000000♠7
Edmonton Oilers
7000500000000000000♠5
7000200000000000000♠2
.714
1983, 1984, 1985, 1987, 1988, 1990, 2006

7000600000000000000♠6
Pittsburgh Penguins
7000500000000000000♠5
7000100000000000000♠1
.833
1991, 1992, 2008, 2009, 2016, 2017

7000500000000000000♠5
New York Islanders
7000400000000000000♠4
7000100000000000000♠1
.800
1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984

7000500000000000000♠5
New Jersey Devils
7000300000000000000♠3
7000200000000000000♠2
.600
1995, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2012

7000400000000000000♠4
Dallas Stars[d]
7000100000000000000♠1
7000300000000000000♠3
.250
1981, 1991, 1999, 2000

7000300000000000000♠3
Los Angeles Kings
7000200000000000000♠2
7000100000000000000♠1
.667
1993, 2012, 2014

7000300000000000000♠3
Calgary Flames
7000100000000000000♠1
7000200000000000000♠2
.333
1986, 1989, 2004

7000300000000000000♠3
St. Louis Blues
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
.000
1968, 1969, 1970

7000300000000000000♠3
Vancouver Canucks
5000000000000000000♠0
7000300000000000000♠3
.000
1982, 1994, 2011

7000200000000000000♠2
Colorado Avalanche
7000200000000000000♠2
5000000000000000000♠0
1.000
1996, 2001

7000200000000000000♠2
Anaheim Ducks[e]
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2003, 2007

7000200000000000000♠2
Carolina Hurricanes
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2002, 2006

7000200000000000000♠2
Tampa Bay Lightning
7000100000000000000♠1
7000100000000000000♠1
.500
2004, 2015

7000200000000000000♠2
Buffalo Sabres
5000000000000000000♠0
7000200000000000000♠2
.000
1975, 1999

7000200000000000000♠2
Washington Capitals
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
1998, 2018

7000100000000000000♠1
Florida Panthers
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
1996

7000100000000000000♠1
Nashville Predators
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2017

7000100000000000000♠1
Ottawa Senators[f]
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2007

7000100000000000000♠1
San Jose Sharks
5000000000000000000♠0
7000100000000000000♠1
.000
2016

7000100000000000000♠1
Vegas Golden Knights
5000000000000000000♠0
5000000000000000000♠0
–
2018

text: Four active teams have yet to make a Stanley Cup Finals appearance. Two of these teams have remained in the same location since their inceptions:

text:
Columbus Blue Jackets (17 seasons, 4 playoffs)
Minnesota Wild (17 seasons, 9 playoffs, 1 division title)

text: The other two teams have relocated and have not made the Finals in either location:

text:
Atlanta Thrashers (11 seasons, 1 playoff, 1 division title) / Winnipeg Jets (7 seasons, 2 playoffs)
Winnipeg Jets (original team) (17 seasons, 11 playoffs) / Phoenix-Arizona Coyotes (21 seasons, 8 playoffs, 1 division title)

text: Five relocated teams that have won the Stanley Cup in their current locations and never appeared in the Finals in their former locations:

text:
Quebec Nordiques (16 seasons, 9 playoffs, 2 division titles) – won 2 Stanley Cups as Colorado Avalanche
Kansas City Scouts (2 seasons, never made playoff contention)/Colorado Rockies (6 seasons, 1 playoff) – won 3 Stanley Cups as New Jersey Devils
Oakland Seals-California Golden Seals (9 seasons, 2 playoffs)/Cleveland Barons (2 seasons, never made playoff contention) – merged with Minnesota North Stars who lost twice in the Finals then won the Stanley Cup once as Dallas Stars
Atlanta Flames (8 seasons, 6 playoffs) – won Stanley Cup once as Calgary Flames
Hartford Whalers (18 seasons, 8 playoffs, 1 division title) – won Stanley Cup once as Carolina Hurricanes

text: Defunct teams[edit]

text: Listed after the team name is the name of the affiliated league(s) when the team competed for the Stanley Cup. A bold year denotes a Stanley Cup win.

text:
Appearances
Team
Wins
Losses
Win %
Years of Appearance

5
Ottawa Senators (NHA/NHL)
4
1
.800
1915, 1920, 1921, 1923, 1927

4
Vancouver Millionaires (PCHA/WCHL)
1
3
.250
1915, 1918, 1921, 1922

3
Montreal Maroons (NHL)
2
1
.667
1926, 1928, 1935

3 [a]
Seattle Metropolitans (PCHA)
1
1[a]
.500
1917, 1919[a], 1920

2
Victoria Cougars (WCHL/WHL)
1
1
.500
1925, 1926

1
Portland Rosebuds (PCHA)
0
1
.000
1916

1
Edmonton Eskimos (WCHL)
0
1
.000
1923

1
Calgary Tigers (WCHL)
0
1
.000
1924

text:
a The Montreal Canadiens and the Seattle Metropolitans appearance totals include the 1919 Stanley Cup Finals that ended with a no-decision because of the Spanish flu epidemic. It is not considered an official series win or loss by either team.
b The franchise known today as the Toronto Maple Leafs won the Cup in 1918 as the Toronto Hockey Club[33] (later engraved on the Stanley Cup as the Toronto Arenas in 1947), and in 1922 as the Toronto St. Patricks.
c The Chicago Blackhawks were known as the Chicago Black Hawks prior to the 1986–87 season.
d The Dallas Stars totals include two series losses as the Minnesota North Stars.
e The Anaheim Ducks totals include one series loss as the Mighty Ducks of Anaheim.
f The modern Ottawa Senators (1992–present) are the namesake of the original Senators (1883–1934).


document_title: Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid athletes

question_text: who is the richest paid athlete in the world

text: 2017 list

text: The 2017 list:[1]

text:
Rank

Name

Sport

Nation

Total

Salary/Winnings

Endorsements

1
Cristiano Ronaldo
Association football
 Portugal
$93 million
$58 million
$35 million

2
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$86.2 million
$31.2 million
$55 million

3
Lionel Messi
Association football
 Argentina
$80 million
$53 million
$27 million

4
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$64 million
$6 million
$58 million

5
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$60.6 million
$26.6 million
$34 million

6
Andrew Luck
American football
 United States
$50 million
$47 million
$3 million

6
Rory McIlroy
Golf
 Northern Ireland
$50 million
$16 million
$34 million

8
Stephen Curry
Basketball
 United States
$47.3 million
$12.3 million
$35 million

9
James Harden
Basketball
 United States
$46.6 million
$26.6 million
$20 million

10
Lewis Hamilton
Auto racing
 England
$46 million
$38 million
$8 million

text: 2016 list

text: The 2016 list:[2]

text:
Rank

Name

Sport

Nation

Total

Salary/Winnings

Endorsements

1
Cristiano Ronaldo
Association football
 Portugal
$88 million
$56 million
$32 million

2
Lionel Messi
Association football
 Argentina
$81.4 million
$53.4 million
$28 million

3
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$77.2 million
$23.2 million
$54 million

4
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$67.8 million
$7.8 million
$60 million

5
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$56.2 million
$20.2 million
$36 million

6
Novak Djokovic
Tennis
 Serbia
$55.8 million
$21.8 million
$34 million

7
Cam Newton
American football
 United States
$53.1 million
$41.1 million
$12 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$52.9 million
$2.9 million
$50 million

9
Jordan Spieth
Golf
 United States
$52.8 million
$20.8 million
$32 million

10
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$50 million
$25 million
$25 million

text: 2015 list

text: The 2015 list was released on 10 June 2015.[3]

text:
Rank

Name

Sport

Nation

Total

Salary/Winnings

Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$300 million
$285 million
$15 million

2
Manny Pacquiao
Boxing
 Philippines
$160 million
$148 million
$12 million

3
Cristiano Ronaldo
Association football
 Portugal
$79.6 million
$52.6 million
$27 million

4
Lionel Messi
Association football
 Argentina
$73.8 million
$51.8 million
$22 million

5
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$67 million
$9 million
$58 million

6
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$64.8 million
$20.8 million
$44 million

7
Kevin Durant
Basketball
 United States
$54.1 million
$19.1 million
$35 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$50.8 million
$2.8 million
$48 million

9
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$50.6 million
$0.6 million
$50 million

10
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$49.5 million
$23.5 million
$26 million

text: 2014 list

text: The 2014 list was released on 11 June 2014.[4]

text:
Rank

Name

Sport

Nation

Total

Salary/Winnings

Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$105 million
$105 million
$0

2
Cristiano Ronaldo
Association football
 Portugal
$80 million
$52 million
$28 million

3
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$72.3 million
$19.3 million
$53 million

4
Lionel Messi
Association football
 Argentina
$64.7 million
$41.7 million
$23 million

5
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$61.5 million
$30.5 million
$31 million

6
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$61.2 million
$6.2 million
$55 million

7
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$56.2 million
$4.2 million
$52 million

8
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$53.2 million
$5.2 million
$48 million

9
Rafael Nadal
Tennis
 Spain
$44.5 million
$14.5 million
$30 million

10
Matt Ryan
American football
 United States
$43.8 million
$42 million
$1.8 million

text: 2013 list

text: The 2013 list was released on 5 June 2013.[5]

text:
Rank

Name

Sport

Nation

Total

Salary/Winnings

Endorsements

1
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$78.1 million
$13.1 million
$65 million

2
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$71.5 million
$6.5 million
$65 million

3
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$61.9 million
$27.9 million
$34 million

4
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$59.8 million
$17.8 million
$42 million

5
Drew Brees
American football
 United States
$51 million
$40 million
$11 million

6
Aaron Rodgers
American football
 United States
$49 million
$43 million
$6 million

7
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$48.7 million
$4.7 million
$44 million

8
David Beckham
Association football
 England
$47.2 million
$5.2 million
$42 million

9
Cristiano Ronaldo
Association football
 Portugal
$44 million
$23 million
$21 million

10
Lionel Messi
Association football
 Argentina
$41.3 million
$20.3 million
$21 million

text: 2012 list

text: The 2012 list was released on 18 June 2012.[6]

text:
Rank
Name
Sport
Nationality
Total earnings
Salary/winnings
Endorsements

1
Floyd Mayweather Jr.
Boxing
 United States
$85 million
$85 million
$0

2
Manny Pacquiao
Boxing
 Philippines
$62 million
$56 million
$6 million

3
Tiger Woods
Golf
 United States
$59.4 million
$4.4 million
$55 million

4
LeBron James
Basketball
 United States
$53 million
$13 million
$40 million

5
Roger Federer
Tennis
 Switzerland
$52.7 million
$7.7 million
$45 million

6
Kobe Bryant
Basketball
 United States
$52.3 million
$20.3 million
$32 million

7
Phil Mickelson
Golf
 United States
$47.8 million
$4.8 million
$43 million

8
David Beckham
Association football
 England
$46 million
$9 million
$37 million

9
Cristiano Ronaldo
Association football
 Portugal
$42.5 million
$20.5 million
$22 million

10
Peyton Manning
American football
 United States
$42.4 million
$32.4 million
$10 million