document_title: Air Jordan

question_text: when did the white retro 4 come out

question_tokens: when did the white retro 4 come out

text: Air Jordan

text: Product history[edit]

text: Since its introduction into the sports shoe market, the Air Jordan evolved from the original basketball shoes to models for different uses, including I-XXXII. The Jordan brand sponsors 21 active NBA players, including Jimmy Butler (basketball), Chris Paul, Blake Griffin, Kawhi Leonard, Russell Westbrook and Carmelo Anthony. They also endorse Nike Air Jordan products. Also they sponsor other leagues such as the MLB, NFL, NASCAR and the WNBA.

text: AJ I:

text: The Air Jordan 1 was first produced for Michael Jordan in 1984. It was designed by Peter C. Moore.[2] The red and black colorway of the Nike Air Ship, the prototype for the Jordan 1, was later outlawed by NBA Commissioner David Stern for having very little white on them.[3] It is a common misconception that the Jordan 1 was banned however, it was indeed the Nike Air Ship. After the Nike Air Ship was banned, Michael Jordan and Nike introduced the Jordan 1 in color ways with more white such as the "Chicago" color way and the "Black Toe" color way. They used the Nike Air Ship's banning as a promotional tool in advertisements hinting that the shoes gave an unfair competitive advantage for the Jordan 1 and that whoever wore them had a certain edginess associated with outlaw activities. Fragment x Jordan 1's: Staying true to the original Air Jordan, the remastered design features an all-over, premium leather execution with black overlays, blue accents, and Fragment insignia. With his Fragment Design imprint, Hiroshi Fujiwara set the gold standard in streetwear. Now, he continues a rich tradition of collaboration with a reworking of the one that changed the game and birthed a culture. Inspired by one of two original samples from 1984, this Air Jordan 1 emerges from the archives, with premium materials and Fragment detailing.

text: The Air Jordan I was originally released on the market from 1985 to 1986. Then retro-ed in 1994, 2001–2004, and 2007–2017.

text: AJ II:

text: The success of the Air Jordan 1 encouraged Nike to release the New Air Jordan in 1986 for the new basketball season. Designed by Peter Moore and Bruce Kilgore, the original Air Jordan II was unique in that it was made in Italy giving the shoe a luxury feel. The Air Jordan 2 also retailed with a full length encapsulated Nike air bubble for maximum comfort. The Air Jordan 2 was the first Jordan not to have the Nike swoosh on the upper. The Air Jordan II was originally retailed at $100. The Air Jordan was originally released from 1986 to 1987. The model was revived from obscurity when Air Jordan collaborated with Just Don to create the Just Don x Air Jordan 2. The shoe featured premium blue quilted leather inspired by a Chanel handbag and released in very limited numbers on January 31, 2015 for $275. The shoe was released again in a Beach colourway bundled with a premium snapback and gold pin for $650 on January 30, 2016. Then retro-ed in 1994, 2004–2005, 2008, 2010, 2014–2017.

text: AJ III:

text: The Air Jordan III was designed by Tinker Hatfield who works for Nike as a designer for stores and offices. By that time Michael Jordan was ready to leave Nike, but the Jordan III changed his mind. It was the first Air Jordan to feature a visible air unit on the heel, the new Jumpman logo, an elephant print trim and tumble leather to give it a luxury look. The Air Jordan III was also famous for the humorous ads depicting Spike Lee as Mars Blackmon, the character he played in his film 'She's Gotta Have It'. This campaign was known as the "Mars and Mike" ad campaign, which was one of Nike's most successful advertisement campaigns. These were the first Jordan's to feature the "NIKE AIR" logo on the back, but later replaced by the Jumpman logo, with the words "AIR" underneath it, similar to the Air Jordan VI. These were said to be Michael Jordan's favorite shoes, he wore them during the 1988 Dunk Championship and many other events in his basketball career. The Air Jordan III's had poor sales when first reintroduced in 1994. On their second reintroduction in 2001, they sold well. The "Fire Red" Air Jordan III was released in March 2007, and late again in 2013.

text: In 2007, Jordan Brand collaborated with director Spike Lee to release a limited pair of Air Jordan III's the Do The Right Thing movie poster. The same year also saw the reintroduced versions of the Air Jordan III's in two monotone colorways, all black and all white, nicknamed the "Black Cats" and the "Pure Moneys" respectively. 2007 also had the "Flips" which moved the elephant print from the trim to the entire shoe and replacing it with white leather, indeed "Flipping" the original design of white leather with elephant print trim.

text: In 2009, the Jordan Brand reintroduced the highly sought after Air Jordan III in the True Blue colorway. It was an international-only release, meaning they were not sold in the US. In 2011, the brand released a Black History Month (BHM) Air Jordan III colorway in commemoration of the 35th anniversary of Black History Month. The sneaker is black with gold trim and stitching as well as laser print around the toe and heel. The BHM III was a very limited release and there was said to have been no more than 3,000 pairs made. Also, the same year saw the release of the "True Blue" III on June 4. The Stealth colorway of the III was released in September and the Black Cements were released in November.[4] The "Black Flips" were released on December 3, 2011. In 2013, Jordan released a special edition of the Jordan III this shoe was deemed the Air Jordan III "Retro '88" White Cement and were released in February.

text: The Air Jordan III was originally released in 1988. The multiple retros and new colorways have been released in 1994, 2001, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2013, 2014 and 2016.

text: AJ IV:

text: In 1989, Nike released the Air Jordan IV to the public. Designed by Tinker Hatfield, it was the first Air Jordan released on the global market. It had four colorways: White/ Black-Cement Grey, Black/Cement Grey, White/Fire Red-Black, and Off White/Military Blue.

text: Nike featured director and actor Spike Lee in ads for AJ IV. Lee had featured the shoe in his movie Do The Right Thing. The Air Jordan Bordeaux "Spiz'ike IV" was made to commemorate Lee's friendship with Michael Jordan.

text: The Air Jordan IV was on Jordan's feet when he made "The Shot," a series winner in Game 5 of the 1989 NBA First Round between the Chicago Bulls and the Cleveland Cavaliers. In 2012 a Cavalier colorway dubbed the "Cavs" was released to honor "The Shot."

text: The Air Jordan IV was re-released in 1999 and retroed in 2000, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2010–2013 and 2015–2017. Recent retroed colorways are the Retro 4 "Legend Blue", "Oreo" in early 2015, and the Retro 4 OG "Cement" that released on February 13, 2016.[5]

text: AJ V:

text: The Air Jordan V was released in February 1990, designed by Tinker Hatfield again. Some elements were carried over from the Air Jordan IV, but overall they were a completely new look. Some of its new features were a reflective tongue, translucent rubber soles and lace locks. The soles gave them a new look, but it yellowed over time when exposed to moisture and were the source of many complaints early on due to the slippery nature of the soles when collecting dust.

text: Hatfield is believed to have drawn inspiration for the Air Jordan V from World War II fighter planes, which was most notably visible in the shark teeth shapes on the midsole. The Air Jordan V was reintroduced in 2000, including a new color way featuring Michael Jordan's high school (Laney High) colors. In 2006 several V's were reintroduced, including the LS "Grape" V's, the LS "burgundy" V's, the "Fire-Red" V's, the "Green Bean" V's, and "Stealth Blue V's. Along with the latter, a very limited laser design and the black/metallic/fire red colorways were released in early 2007.

text: In the month of May 2009, Air Jordan confirmed the release of an "DMP II" consisting of two Air Jordan V's.[6] The second color way features a 3M material base with black laces and midsole. The retail price was $310.

text: The Air Jordan V was originally released in 1990. It was retroed in 2000, 2006–2009, 2011 and 2013–2017.

text: The Air Jordan V saw a lot of use in popular sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. During many episodes you can see Will Smith wearing the 'metallic silver', 'grape', and 'fire red' colorway. To pay tribute to his character, Jordan released the Air Jordan 5 Bel Air in 2013.[7]

text: AJ VI:

text: The Air Jordan VI had a new design by Tinker Hatfield and released in 1991. The Original 5 colorways were: Black/Infrared, White/Infrared, White/ Carmine-Black, White/Sport Blue, and Off White/Maroon. The Air Jordan VI introduced a reinforcement around the toe, It had two holes in the tongue, and a molded heel tab on the back of the sneaker (demanded by Jordan so it wouldn't hit his Achilles tendon). Like the Air Jordan V this sneaker also had Clear rubber/"Icy" Soles. The Air Jordan VI was the last Air Jordan to feature the Nike Air logo on it.

text: Later that year the Bulls defeated the Lakers in the 1991 NBA Finals, with Jordan (wearing the Black/Infrared) named as the most valuable player. That was also the first NBA Championship won by Jordan and the Bulls. The Jordan VI was also seen in the film White Men Can't Jump, which was produced in 1991 and released one year later.

text: The Air Jordan VI has been retro-ed many times since its original release in 1991, Notable releases were in 2000, 2002, 2005, 2008, 2010, 2012 and 2014 with the Black Infrared Colorway.

text: In addition to a Porsche-inspired rear pull tab and visible air the Air Jordan VI was the first Jordan with an inner bootie.

text: The Air Jordan VI was originally released in 1991. It was retro-ed in 2000, 2002, 2006, 2008–2010, 2012 and 2014–2017.

text: The Air Jordan VI saw much of screen time in 2015's Creed. Adonis Johnson (Michael B. Jordan) can be seen sporting the black/infrared and the white/varsity red-black colorway through most of the movie,[8] most notably during the training montage before the big fight that Rocky films are known for.[9]

text: The VI was the first shoe used by the protagonist of Slam Dunk, Hanamichi Sakuragi. [10] Nike released special versions of both the VI and the Jordan Super.Fly 3 featuring artwork from the series in 2014. The VI also had Sakuragi's number 10 embroidered on the side of the heels.[11] Various other models in the Air Jordan line are featured in the series, including the original (which Sakuragi eventually switched to), the V, and the XII (both worn by Sakuragi's rival, Kaede Rukawa). [12]

text: AJ VII

text: The Air Jordan VII was released in 1992 with a new design by Tinker Hatfield. This shoe introduced the huarache technology which allowed the shoes to better conform to the user's foot. A few things were no longer featured on the new model, such as the visible air sole, the Nike Air logo, and the yellowing soles. This was the first Air-Jordan in the line that did not have any distinctive "Nike Air" on the outer portions of the shoe. The "Nike Air" branding was still on the in-soles, which Air Jordans VIII-XI also had. The VIIs were also known for a successful ad campaign in which Bugs Bunny appeared alongside Michael Jordan to market the shoes.

text: When Jordan went to compete at the 1992 Barcelona Olympics to play for the US Men's Basketball Team (also known as the "Dream Team"), Nike released a special Olympic color combo of the Air Jordan VII model which had Jordan's Olympic jersey number, 9 even though most of the jordans that were made, especially the Air Jordan VII had a "23" on the back.

text: Various models of the Air Jordan VII were re-released in 2002, again in 2004, and again with different colors in 2006. Also in 2008 Nike released a black and blue pair owned only by Cheikh Mbacké, ordered for $600.

text: In 2011 the Air Jordan VII saw releases in the "Orion" and "Bordeaux" colorways. Other colorways are confirmed for a 2011 release as well, such as the "Cardinals" which is a re-release and "Year of the Rabbits". The "Olympic" and "Charcoal" (commonly referred to as Raptors) were re-released in 2012.

text: The Air Jordan VII was originally released in 1992. It was retro-ed in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008–2012 and 2015–2017.

text: AJ VIII:

text: The Air Jordan VIII was released to coincide with the 1992–1993 NBA season. The eighth model of the Air Jordan was noticeably heavier than its predecessors. This shoe had a lot more detail than most of the earlier Air Jordan's such as two crossover straps on each shoe and a Jumpman. Thus the Air Jordan VIII model became known as the "Punisher" because of the advanced basketball ankle support and enhanced traction. This shoe contains a full length air sole, polyurethane midsole, polycarbonate shank plate, and two crossover straps (for added support and more custom fit).

text: The Air Jordan VIII was originally released in 1993. It was retro-ed in 2003, 2007, 2008, 2013 and 2015–2017.

text: AJ IX:

text: Originally released in November 1993, the Air Jordan IX model was the first model released after Michael Jordan's retirement. Jordan never played an NBA season wearing these shoes. This model was inspired by baseball cleats that Jordan wore when playing minor-league baseball.

text: Like the VII and VIII models, the Air Jordan IX featured an inner sock sleeve and nubuck accents. The sole featured different symbols and languages of different countries. The Air Jordan IX has been the shoe chosen to adorn Jordan's feet for his statue outside of the United Center in Chicago.

text: In popular culture, in the children's movie The Little Rascals one of the bullies, Butch is wearing a pair of these shoes. American rap icon Tupac Shakur also wore Air Jordans in a popular "Thug Life" photo set in 1993.

text: The Air Jordan IX was originally released from 1993 to 1994. It was retro-ed in 2002, 2008, 2010, 2012, 2014–2017.

text: AJ X:

text: This was released in 1995 in 8 different colors, Black/grey, varsity-black, off-white/black/varsity red*, Powder Blue (worn by UNC's Men's and Women's basketball teams), Orlando Magic*, New York Knicks*, Seattle SuperSonics*, and Sacramento Kings*. It was the first Air Jordan to feature a lightweight phylon midsole. The shoe also featured all of Michael Jordan's accomplishments on the outsole of the shoe.

text: In 2012, the Air Jordan X was re-released. They are dubbed the "Chicago Bulls", as they are part of a regional pack (City Pack), representing five teams. The lacing and tongue are completely black, and the red inner lining contrasts with the red inserts on the outsole. The outsole's design features a striped (wavy) design, which list many of Jordan's accomplishments. They retailed at $160. The Air Jordan X was released again in an OVO collaboration in 2015 and 2016, releasing in white and black colorways respectively with stingray detailing.

text: The Air Jordan X was originally released from 1994 to 1995. It was retro-ed in 2005, 2008 and 2012–2016.

text: AJ XI:

text: This model was designed by Tinker Hatfield. When the shoe launched, Michael Jordan (retired from basketball by then) was trying in minor baseball leagues. Hatfield designed the sneaker waiting for Jordan to come back and hoping he would play in them.

text: The ballistic mesh upper of the sneaker was meant to make the Air Jordan XI lighter and more durable than the past sneakers. Further changes came with the use of a carbon fiber spring plate in the clear out sole, giving the shoe better torque when turning on the court. The highlight and arguably most well-known aspect of the shoe is the patent leather mudguard. Patent leather was lightweight, when compared to genuine leather, and also tended not to stretch as much – a property to help keep the foot within the bounds of the shoe bed during direction changes on the court. The patent leather gave the XI a "formal" look. When this shoe released, some wore this model with business suits instead of dress shoes.

text: The sneakers were only samples in 1995 when Jordan decided to come back in the NBA. Hatfield and Nike discouraged Michael Jordan playing in them, but when produced he wore them. Also noteworthy, Jordan violated league dress code by wearing the shoes, as his teammates wore all black shoe. He was fined $5,000 for not following the Bulls colorway policy. After the fining, Nike made him a pair of the shoes in a black/white/concord colorway for the series against Orlando. A similar black/white/royal blue colorway was released to the public at the end of 2000. The colorway was changed for the public release because the concord purple had looked like royal blue on TV.

text: Jordan wore the Air Jordan XI model to help the Chicago Bulls claim the 1995–96 NBA Championship, he also wore the Air Jordan XI white Columbia colorway in the 1996 NBA All-Star Game and was selected MVP of the game. The shoes received more media exposure when Michael Jordan wore the Air Jordan XI model in the 1996 animated movie Space Jam. These shoes were eventually released in 2000 and re-released in 2009 with the nickname Space Jams. The concord purple was changed to royal blue for the released versions of the shoe.

text: The Air Jordan XI was originally released from 1995 to 1996. It was retro-ed in 2000, 2001, 2003, and 2006–2017. The Air Jordan XI is the most popular Air Jordan's in the series, and has released almost ritualistically every December since 2008 and sells out within minutes, also it is Tinker Hatfield's favorite. With the Air Jordan XI being the most popular Jordan supply used to be very limited and would cause fans to line up outside of store fronts before releases.

text: AJ XII: Main article: Air Jordan Retro XII

text: The Air Jordan XII was inspired by Nisshoki (the Japanese flag), and a 19th-century women dress boot. However, featuring gold-plated steel lace loops, embossed lizard skin pattern and a full length zoom air unit with a carbon fiber shank plate, this model set a new direction in style and technology in shoe design. Though not as light weight as previous models, the construction and firmness of the shoe is widely considered to be the most durable and sturdy shoes from the Air Jordan line. The first model released after the creation of subsidiary Jordan Brand, the Air Jordan XII has no Nike branding on it of any kind, while all the models before it have Nike Air or other Nike branding outwardly (Air Jordans I-VI) or just simply on the insoles (Air Jordans VII-XI). This shoe came in 5 colorways and was released on March 13. The shoe was re-released on December 25, 2008 with the Eleven as the final countdown pack. In addition, the Twelve was combined with the Thirteen numbered Jordan to produce the 12.5. As of today, the 11/12 countdown package (retro) retails for US$750–US$800, well above the starting price of US$310. The Air Jordan 12 has been subject to many highly limited colorways recently such as the Air Jordan 12 x PSNY collaboration, the Wings colorway that was limited to 12,000 pairs, and the OVO collaboration.

text: The Air Jordan XII was originally released from 1996 to 1997. It was retro-ed in 2003, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2011–2013, and 2015–2017.[13]

text: AJ XIII:

text: In 1997, Air Jordan XIII's were released to the public. This model was known for its cushioning along the feet, designed by Hatfield. The Black Panther was the inspiration for the Air Jordan XIII, the sole resembles the pads on a panther's paw. But also the panther is the hologram on the back of the shoe which imitates a panther's eyes in the dark when light is shined at them. They were re-released in 2005, which coincided with the release of the Air Jordan 8s shoe.

text: In the movie He Got Game, the Air Jordan XIII was worn by Jake Shuttlesworth (Denzel Washington). Ray Allen, who played Jake's son Jesus in the film, wore them when he broke Reggie Miller's all-time record for made three-point shots during a game against the Lakers in Boston during the 2011 season. The Jordan Brand re-released the Air Jordan XIII at the end of 2010, which included the French Blue/Flint Grey, White/Red-Black, "Playoff" color way and the Black/Altitude Green color way. In 2017, Jordan Brand released the "History of Flight" colorway. This colorway is from the 2009 World Basketball Festival, where the "History of Flight" collection was revealed to celebrate Jordan's 25th anniversary.

text: The Air Jordan XIII was originally released from 1997 to 1998. It was retro-ed in 2004, 2005, 2008, 2010–2017.

text: AJ XIV:

text: Inspired by the Ferrari 550 M which Michael Jordan owned, the Air Jordan XIV was originally released from 1997 to 1999. It was re-released in 2005, 2006, 2008, 2011, 2012 and 2014–2017.

text: The Air Jordan XIV co-styled by the famous Tinker Hatfield and Mark Smith was made race ready and equipped with the Jordan Jumpman insignia on a Ferrari shaped badge. In addition, these shoes include breathable air ducts on the outer sole. The color scheme of predominant black accentuated with red was nicknamed "The Last Shot" because Michael Jordan wore them as he hit the game winning shot over Bryon Russell, of the Utah Jazz, in his final game with the Chicago Bulls in the 1998 NBA Finals.

text: There are 14 Jumpman logos on Air Jordan XIV's—7 on each shoe—corresponding the shoes' number in the series. They can be found in the following places:

text:
Near the toebox x 1
Shield Logo near the achilles heel x 1
Above the number "23" at the heel x 1
At the bottom sole (middle part) x 1
Steel Lacetips x 2
Insoles x 1

tag: ol

text: AJ XV:

text: The Air Jordan XVs were released in 1999–2000. Reggie Miller wore it during the 2000 NBA Finals.

text: This was the first shoe after Jordan's retirement. The design of the XV's originated from the aircraft prototype X-15, which was developed by NASA during the 1950s. The sides of the XV were made from woven kevlar fibre. The Jordan XV's were the first Air Jordan's to be negatively received in a while (the last being the Air Jordan 2's), because the quality on the Jordan shoes was bad.[14]

text: The Air Jordan XV was originally released from 1999 to 2000. It was retro-ed in 2007, 2008 and 2017.

text: AJ XVI:

text: Air Jordan XVIs, designed by Nike's Senior Footwear Designer Wilson Smith, were released in 2001. This meaning it was the first design since the II's that Tinker Hatfield was not behind. Smith decided to bring in a few design elements/fabrics from earlier releases. The shoe featured the return of the clear rubber sole (V, VI, XI) and patent leather (XI).

text: Unique to the Air Jordan XVI was a gaiter/shroud that covered the shoe and could be removed to give the shoe a new look. Not only was this for fashion purposes, it also had a thermal functionality.

text: The shoe was said to be stiff and that the shroud/gaiter could easily fall off when playing basketball. The black/red and white/midnight navy versions of the shoe both featured patent leather which very easily creased and cracked.[15]

text: The Air Jordan XVI was originally released in 2001. It was retro-ed in 2008, 2014 and 2016.

text: AJ XVII:

text: This pair of Jordan's come equipped with Keefer, which held the shoes and a compact disc containing the Air Jordan XVII song. The retail price of the shoe was US$200. The defining functional design element of the Air Jordan XVII model, which was later replicated on the Air Jordan XXIII model, was the reinforced mid-sole which provided a sturdy and stable chassis for the shoe. They were made in four mid top colors and three low-top colors.

text: The Air Jordan XVII was originally released in 2002. It was retro-ed in 2008 and 2016.

text: AJ XVIII:

text: The Air Jordan XVIII shoe was released in 2003, and was the shoe for Jordan's last season, in which he played for the Washington Wizards.

text: The shoe was designed by Air Jordan Senior Footwear Designer, Tate Kuerbis, a person that had been part of the Jordan footwear design team since 1999 and with Nike since 1995. The inspiration for the design came from a number of things; sleek racing lines of the auto world, carbon fibre-based monocoque of F1 race cars, race car driving shoes (rubber heel wrap) and Fine Italian dress shoes (bold stitching on the soles).

text: The Air Jordan XVIII was originally released from 2003 to 2004. It was retro-ed in 2008.

text: AJ XIX:

text: Released in 2004, this is the first Jordan release after his third, and final, retirement which came after the 2002–03 NBA season. The design was inspired by the Black Mamba snake, and two original colorways where released: white/flint grey and black/red. Three regional colorways and three special edition colorways were released. They consisted of the East, West, and Midwest edition for regular and West, East, and Olympic for the SE (special edition).

text: The Air Jordan XIX used innovative materials. The upper section of shoe was developed in collaboration with the global materials consultancy Material ConneXion, who sourced Nike a sleeving normally used in architectural applications for protecting PVC pipes from bursting. In theory, this allowed for a shoe without laces, because the sleeving does not stretch. Nonetheless, the Air Jordan XIX model did include a set of laces behind the sleeve to better secure the shoe. They are the lightest Air Jordans ever made.[citation needed]

text: The Air Jordan XIX was originally released in 2004. It was retro-ed in 2008.

text: AJ XX:

text: The Air Jordan XX was also inspired by bicycling shoes. The strap was placed in the center of the shoe over the laces. It also helped to create a tighter fit and increased support.

text: The Air Jordan XX was originally released in 2005. It was retro-ed in 2008 and 2015.

text: AJ XXI:

text: The Air Jordan XXI model of shoes was designed by D'Wayne Edwards and inspired by sport touring vehicles. The shoe features lower-foot air grilles, double-overlasted Phylon midsole, a carbon fibre shank plate and a seamless diamond-quilted booty. It also has a tenable I.P.S. suspension system that lets the wearer choose between Zoom and Encapsulated air.

text: The Air Jordan XXI was introduced on television by the "Second Generation" advertisement.

text: The Air Jordan XXI was originally released in 2006. It was retro-ed in 2008.

text: AJ XX2:

text: The Air Jordan XX2/XXII shoe model, designed by D'Wayne Edwards, was released on March 24, 2007. The original retail price of the model was US$175. The aggressive and sharp design was inspired by the F-22 Raptor fighter jet. Some technical features of the shoe include an updated visible and interchangeable I.P.S. suspension system, a new metallic mesh for ventilation, the Air Jordan camouflage pattern printed in reflective 3M material, and an updated traction system, based on an army general's stripes.

text: Two special editions of the Air Jordan XX2 model were released. The first edition was released for Jordan's birthday on February 17. This edition featured authentic Jordan Brand basketball leather. The second edition was the Omega model, part of the Alpha-Omega package. This model featured a laser-etched image of Jordan after he won his sixth NBA championship in 1998.

text: An entirely new line of Air Jordan XX2/XXII shoes called the released, with these shoes worn by NBA players from the Atlanta Hawks, Denver Nuggets, Detroit Pistons, and Dallas Mavericks. This Air Jordan model featured a new strap around the heel and ankle.

text: The promo commercial for the XX2 was directed by Mark Romanek.[16]

text: The Air Jordan XX2 was originally released in 2007. It was retro-ed in 2008.

text: AJ XX3:

text: The Air Jordan XX3 was designed by Tinker Hatfield. It was a unique model, being the first basketball shoe to be included in the "Nike Considered" category, for using materials from not more than 200 miles from a Nike Factory. It features a hand-stitched exterior, full-length bootie, carbon fiber shank plate, the last to feature interchangeable IPS pillars, and an articulated chassis. The shoe was released on January 25, 2008, and was the last Air Jordan until the XX8 to have Roman numeral identification.

text: The Air Jordan XX3 was originally released in 2008. It was retro-ed in 2015–2016.

text: AJ 2009:

text: The Air Jordan 2009 was designed by Jason Mayden and was the first Air Jordan model named after the year of its release rather than its numbered system. Inspired by Jordan's defensive focus, the shoe incorporates Articulated Propulsion Technology used by Paralympian runners. It also features a durable pleated silk upper, protective TPU chassis, carbon fiber arch plate and Zoom Air structure. The shoe was released on January 31, 2009.

text: The Air Jordan 2009 was originally released in 2009. It has not been retro-ed.

text: AJ 2010:

text: This is the 25th anniversary of the Air Jordan brand, and although commonly called the Jordan 2010s, is also referred to as Air Jordan XX5/XXV. This model of shoe was announced on November 12, 2009, for a release date of February 13, 2010, retailing for US$170. Dwyane Wade is endorsing the AJ 2010.

text: The base of the each mid-sole has stylized text that when combined reads: "I've failed over and over and over again in my life. And that is why I succeed." This quote was originally attributed to Michael Jordan, and is a reference to an advertising campaign that aired in 1997 with Jordan detailing his failures that led to his success in his career.

text: The Air Jordan 2010 was originally released in 2010. It has not been retro-ed.

text: AJ 2011:

text: The Air Jordan 2011 was endorsed by Dwyane Wade in 2011, Jordan Brand decided to keep the fans happy with the release of the Air Jordan 2011. The shoe has inter-changeable insoles- The Red, "Explosive" one is claimed to symbolize power, and a Blue, "Quick" one, supposedly for quickness. Four colorways of the shoe were released on February 19, 2011 in correspondence with the 2011 All Star Game. The first colorway was White/Black. There were also White/Red and White/Blue colorways that coincided with the East/West Jersey Colors. The "Year of the Rabbit" colorway was a limited release that celebrated of Michael Jordan's Chinese zodiac sign, coinciding with the current zodiac sign, the Year of the Rabbit.

text: The 2011 has a unique design along both sides of the shoe. It is a star-constellation pattern that also serves as breathing holes for the shoe to keep it well ventilated. It uses patent leather wrapped around the shoe. The shoes are hand burnished and crafted. A dress shoe that feels similar to the XI was reported to be the goal. o The Air Jordan 2011 was originally released in 2011. It has not been retro-ed.

text: AJ 2012:

text: Air Jordan 2012 offers six customization configurations. Two interchangeable sleeves and three insoles adapt to different playing styles. The Deluxe model was launched on February 8, while the customization Flight models were released on February 25, 2012. It was the final Air Jordan model to be named after the year it was released as the numbered system returned in 2013 with the Air Jordan XX8.

text: The Air Jordan 2012 was originally released in 2012. It has not been retro-ed.

text: AJ XX8:

text: The Air Jordan XX8, designed by Tinker Hatfield, was released on February 16, 2013. This premiere model featuring a mostly black upper and volt Dynamic Fit bootie. A heel and forefoot Nike Zoom unit in combination with the new Jordan Flight Plate, Dynamic Fit straps for increased support, a carbon fiber heel counter for additional support, and its most notable feature, the mesh upper for flexibility and ventilation. Jordan Brand has decided for 2013 to returning to the Air Jordan numbered order after having stopped at XX3. The Air Jordan 2012 featured different technology which including interchangeable insoles for various styles of play, a concept introduced with the Kobe System. The exterior shroud gives the shoe a sleeker look than any other and is 8 inches high on the ankle but unzips and folds down revealing the bright volt green interior.

text: AJ XX9:

text: The Air Jordan XX9, also designed by Hatfield, released in September 2014 in both an elephant print and a knit edition. The shoe has already been debuted in the NBA by Russell Westbrook and Kawhi Leonard. The shoe has Flight Web for superior lockdown, a performance woven upper for comfort, support, strength, and protection, and a re-engineered Flight Plate. The XX9 also released in a pack alongside the iconic Air Jordan XI on December 23, 2014 called the "Ultimate Gift of Flight" pack.[17]

text: AJ XXX:

text: The Air Jordan XXX (30) debuted on January 14, 2016 at an exclusive media event in Chicago. It was again designed by Tinker Hatfield. The first colorway of the shoe released on February 16.[18] The shoe consists of an upper and outsole very similar to that of the XX9 of the previous year. The upper is a combination of performance woven and flyknit that is new for the brand in 2016, and also has a flyknit-constructed ankle collar that extends slightly past where the collar of the shoe would normally be. Jordan brand has also brought back functional Dynamic Fit in the lacing system. The outsole/midsole is almost identical to the XX9, with very minor technical tweaks. The outsole boasts a more noticeable change, with a different traction pattern unique to this shoe, while the midsole remains almost entirely the same. The only difference in the midlsole cushioning setup from the Jordan XX9 is a material change in the FlightPlate setup, which is now named FlightSpeed and is constructed of a plastic rather than carbon fiber for more flexibility while remaining structural integrity.

text: AJ XXXI

text: The Air Jordan XXXI (31) was unveiled on July 20, 2016. The sneaker is heavily influenced by the Air Jordan 1's having a leather upper and both a Nike swoosh and a Jumpman plus a Jordan "Wings" logo.[19] Its first retail debut was on September 3, 2016 in the "banned" colorway for $185 alongside its air Jordan 1 counterpart.[19] Notable appearances of the AJ 31 include the "USA" colorway worn during the 2016 Olympic basketball tournament by members of team USA.[20]Basketball at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Men's team rosters.

text: Other shoes from the Air Jordan line[edit]

text: The Jordan Packages[edit]

text: "Spizike"[edit]

text: Michael Jordan and Spike Lee released the Jordan Spiz'ike shoes on October 21, 2006, as a tribute to their historic relationship.[21] The relationship began when Mars Blackmon (a character from Spike Lee's film, She's Gotta Have It) became the primary pitchman in Nike commercials for Air Jordans. The Spiz'ike is a mash-up of the Jordan III, IV, V, VI, Air Jordan IX and XX shoes. Only 4,567 pairs were made of the original release,[21] with all of the proceeds going to Morehouse College.[citation needed] The number 40 represents Spike Lee's film company, 40 Acres & A Mule Filmworks, and the number 23 represents Michael Jordan's jersey number.[citation needed] Each future release of the shoes varied the colors used.

text: "Defining Moments"

text: Released in 2006 retailing at $295 containing the sneakers Michael Jordan wore during his first championship of his two three-peats. The retro 11 concord contains a gold Jumpman on the side, but originally was meant to also have gold eyelets spelling out Jordan was changed because of color bleeding. The retro 6 black infrared replaces its infrared for gold as well. Both shoes contained dog tags to reference the title won and a booklet showcasing a slam dunk highlight of the game and concept art of the shoe. Some of the original DMP retro 11 concords have surfaced and are considered some of the rarest air Jordan's.[22]

text: "Defining Moments II"

text: The "raging bull pack" retailed for $310 and drew inspiration from the running of the bull that takes place every year in Spain. The pack contains two air Jordan 5s the toro bravo and the 3m. The toro bravo is a red suede sneaker one of the first of its kind, it takes inspiration from the red bandanas worn by the runners. The second pair is the 3m named after its reflective coating. Both shoes come in a wood gate exterior graphic box with double sided slide out, originally released in 2009.[23]

text: "Defining Moments III"[edit]

text: The Jordan Brand released a third "Defining Moments" package on July 11, 2009. The 60+ Air Jordan Retro 1 Package is inspired by Jordan scoring 63 points on the Celtics in a double overtime playoff game during his second year. The Air Jordan Retro 1 60+ Package features a re-release of the sneakers that Jordan wore during that game, and a Retro Air Jordan 1 inspired by the Celtics colors and the parquet floors from the old Boston Garden.

text: "Defining Moments IV"[edit]

text: The Jordan Brand released a fourth "Defining Moments" package on August 15, 2009. This package, also known as the Orlando 60+ pack, consists of the Jordan 7 black and red. Also included is a second pair of Air Jordan 's. The "Orlando" pair features a white leather upper with black and blue accents. The blue accents featured a cracked print. The black tongue had black pinstripes which represented the black pinstriped Orlando jersey of the 1990s.

text: Retro 6 Infrared Pack[edit]

text: The Jordan 6 white/infrared and black/infrared was released February 14, 2013, at a retail price of US$170. This is the second of the same colorway retro in Jordan Brand history. The first time retro on both colorways were in 2000, they were retro separately. This time, the retro distinguished with the previous release. The heel logo are using Jumpman logo instead of Nike Air logo, this is the most significant difference between these two re-releases. Jordan Brand started using Jumpman logo

text: "Old Love New Love"[edit]

text: The Jordan Brand released their second two-pair package named the "Old Love New Love" (OLNL), which consisted of the Air Jordan I Retro model in Mid White/Black-Varsity Red (Black Toes) and Black/Varsity-Maize/White. It was released on April 21, 2007. The Old Love New Love package was sold for $200.00. The pack represented Jordan's passions, the old love being basketball the new love being motorcycle racing.[24]

text: Air Jordan Brand released 5 new colorways including one that is themed after another Spike Lee's "Do The Right Thing."

text: There will be more colors of the Air Jordan Spizikes released than of the recent Air Jordan 3 retro re-release. The Air Jordan "Spiz'ikes" take pieces from the following Air Jordans:

text:
Air Jordan 3 – sole, midsole, and "Spike"/elephant print
Air Jordan 4 – "wings" on the sides of the shoes that hold lace loops to place

text: "Air Jordan Sixty Plus"[edit]

text: The first Jordan Sixty Plus was released in August 2009. The Jordan 6ixty Plus (60+) is a hybrid sneaker from Jordan Brand that combines the various sneakers Michael Jordan wore when he scored 60 or more points in an NBA Game. In these games, MJ was wearing the Jordan I, II, V and VII. Inspiration came from the Air Jordan 5 because he was wearing those when he scored his career high of 69 points.

text:
Air Jordan 1 – Toebox shape and perforations
Air Jordan 2 – Snakeskin accents, rear TPU, lower Eyelets, Jordan "Wings" logo on tongue
Air Jordan 5 – Midsole/Outsole, shape of tongue, Lacelock, mold of upper near ankle, higher eyelets, "Air Jordan" tag inside of tongue
Air Jordan 7 – Perforations on side panel, "gap" between ankle area and body of shoe, graphics on tongue, heel tab, 23 on rear TPU

text: "Jordan Son of Mars edition"[edit]

text: The "Jordan Son of Mars" is an Air Jordan hybrid shoe, that released in the Summer of 2012. It borrows prominent design elements from the Air Jordan III, IV, V, VI, and XX. It also retains a strap across the shoe laces, that is a custom modification with a design that seems to be elephant print but is instead a series of relevant icons, etc. The Jordan Son Of Mars was birthed from the Spizike, which was originally inspired by all the Jordan shoes made in collaboration with famous urban director Spike Lee. Son of Mars is a sneaker directly influenced by Spike Lee's longtime involvement with the brand, as the shoe pieces together models in which Spike (or Mars Blackmon rather) had a hand in launching.

text: The shoe breakdown begins with elements from the first Tinker Hatfield years, Mars Blackmon; Lee's loudmouthed character first appeared alongside Michael Jordan for the release of the Air Jordan III, a sneaker whose immediately recognizable elephant print bookends the Jordan Son of Mars, with sectioning on the back end and towards the toe. Next the Air Jordan IV, which is pretty conspicuous in this hybrid release, shows up only in the form of the netting running below the laces. The sole gottem ion is all Air Jordan V, as the coveted icy treatment splashes across the bottom and the angular 'teeth' of the midsole rear up towards the toe. The V actually extends its reach to the top end too, with the textured Jumpman tongue bursting out from the familiar see-through lacelocks. Building up the ankle area is the higher-hitting support of the Air Jordan VI, complete with the attached loop on back and the perforated paneling reaching up the side of the shoe. The midsection which completes the sneaker is a major fast-forward, leaping ahead to the Air Jordan XX in the form of the lasered strap.

text: The Jordan Son of Mars takes on one of the favorite color schemes in the Jordan Brand line.

text: "Air Jordan Collezione/Countdown packages"[edit]

text: This package consisted of two variations of Retro Air Jordan, in which each model number equaled 23. So the Retro I was released in a package with the Retro XXII, the Retro II with the Retro XXI, etc.

text: "Air Jordan X/XIII "[edit]

text: The first Countdown package consisted of the reintroduced Air Jordan XIII model in white/black-true red. The package also included a pair of the shadow grey Air Jordan X model with the number 23 stitched on the side of the shoes. The package cost US$400.00 and was released January 19, 2008.

text: "Air Jordan IX/XIV"[edit]

text: The second Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro XIV model in Black/Varsity Red which was similar to the Air Jordan "Last Shot" XIV model though it consisted of a white stitching on the sides, a different color outer arch, and a different colored Jumpman logo on the side. The other Air Jordan was the Air Jordan Retro IX model in a White/Black/True Red colorway. The package retailed for US$310.00 and was released March 15, 2008.

text: "Air Jordan XXI/II"[edit]

text: The third Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro II model in White/Varsity Red. The other Air Jordan in this package was the Air Jordan Retro XXI model in Black/Varsity Red. The package retailed US$310.00 and was released April 26, 2009.

text: "Air Jordan XVII/VI"[edit]

text: The fourth Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro VI model in White/Carmine. The other Air Jordan in this package would be Air Jordan Retro XVII model in Black/Metallic Silver. The package cost US$310.00and was released May 24, 2008.

text: "Air Jordan XII/XI"[edit]

text: The final Countdown package consisted of the Air Jordan Retro XI model in Varsity Red/Black. The other Air Jordan in this package was the Air Jordan Retro XII model in Black/White. The package retailed for US$310.00.

text: Jordan Fusions[edit]

text: This line of sneakers consist of a fusion of several Air Jordan and Air Force One Models.

text: Air Jordan XII Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan XII model and the Midtop Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan III Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan III model and the Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan V Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: This package is the only original colorway of the Air Jordan V model that was not released in the last round of re-releases. Like the Air Jordan V model, the outsole is a mix of black and clear rubber; there is no visible air sole unit in these shoes. The shoe a rubber loop in the back, middle upright cotton jumpman, rubber tongue, and the lace lock first was brought in an infrared colorway. It is said Michael Jordan wears these shoes in his practice games.

text: Air Jordan VI Air Force One[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan VI and the Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan XX Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan XX and the Air Force One model. These feature the same laser upper as the original XX but replace the ankle strap and sole with that of the Air Force One. Has the numbers one through till six on the heel to represent Jordan's 6 championships ever.

text: Air Jordan IV Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan IV and the Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan VIII Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan VIII and the Midtop Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan IX Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan IX and the Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan X Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan X and the Midtop Air Force One model.

text: Air Jordan XIII Air Force One Fusion[edit]

text: A fusion between the Air Jordan XIII and the Midtop Air Force One model.

text: Jordan "6 Rings" shoe[edit]

text: The Jordan 6 Rings (aka Jordan Six Rings) is a combination of the seven Air Jordan shoes that Michael Jordan wore during his 6 Championship seasons. That includes the Air Jordan 6, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13 and 14. The Jordan Brand company released the "6 Rings" shoes starting in September 2008.

text: The Jordan Brand released colorways representative of each team that the Chicago Bulls defeated in each of their six championship seasons during the 1990s. The colorways include colors borrowed from the following teams: the L.A. Lakers, Portland Trail Blazers, Phoenix Suns, the former Seattle SuperSonics, and Utah Jazz, each shoe of which includes laser-etched graphics detailing specific aspects about that particular championship series, the city of the competing team and so forth. Many other colorways exist and Jordan Brand continues to release additional colors that pay tribute to different Jordan and Nike shoes along with new colorways specific to 6 Rings shoes.

text: There even exists a "winterized 6 rings" which are a modified 6 Rings shoe turned into a durable boot designed for the outdoors which changes some of the design and placement of the inspired pieces and parts from the Air Jordans the shoe pays tribute.

text: Of particular note, there is an Olympic colorway, a Nelly version apparently inspired by the rap artist Nelly and a shoe that combines the colors of all the teams that the Bulls defeated in the NBA Finals, acting as the 'sixth shoe' since only five separate teams were defeated for the Bulls to win six championships; the Utah Jazz was defeated twice, in 1997 and 1998.

text:
Air Jordan 6: Heel tab "spoiler", Jumpman on heel from retro 6 models, and lace locks
Air Jordan 7: Nike Huarache style inner sock and perforated air holes in the mudguard of the upper
Air Jordan 8: Chenille carpet-style sections on the tongue surrounding the Jumpman logo, dual velcro straps, the shape of the "23" printed on the lace locks and the colors on the midfoot arch plate on the sole
Air Jordan 11: Silhouette of upper, lace eyestays on certain models and patent leather mudguard
Air Jordan 12: TWO 3 embroidered on the tongue and metal lace loops at top of the ankle
Air Jordan 13: Midsole "pods" and panther paw-shaped outsole
Air Jordan 14: Small Jumpman logo embroidered at the top

text: Controversy[edit]

text: The Air Jordan line has been associated with many riots, assaults, robberies, and murders, such as the murder of a 15-year-old high school student named Michael Eugene Thomas who was choked to death by one of his peers for a pair of Air Jordan sneakers in 1989.[25][26][26][27][28][29][30][31]

text: In 1988, the then-principal of Mumford High School mentioned that clothing-related violence had reached a point where he felt it was necessary to ban certain items of clothing, including the Air Jordan sneaker, from the school grounds.[32] This ban was the first of many dress codes implemented in schools after the wave of robberies, beatings, and shootings over possession of Air Jordan sneakers and other items of clothing.[33]

text: Manufacturing[edit]

text: Nike owns none of the factories where Air Jordans are produced and contracts the work to various factory owners. Company officials say that they only advertise and market the shoes. However, Nike dictates production terms and standards to the contractor, often without questioning labor or safety practices. In April 1997, 10,000 Indonesian workers went on strike over wage violations at an Air Jordan factory. The same month in Vietnam 1,300 workers went on strike demanding a 1-cent-per-hour raise, and a year later in 1998, 3,000 workers in China went on strike to protest hazardous working conditions and low wages cause.[34]

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ The date the "Air Jordan I" was released.[1]


document_title: Three-point field goal

question_text: when did nba start the 3 point line

question_tokens: when did nba start the 3 point line

root

text: Three-point field goal

text: History[edit]

text: The three-point line was first tested at the collegiate level in 1945 in a game between Columbia and Fordham, but it was not kept as a rule. At the direction of Abe Saperstein, the American Basketball League became the first basketball league to institute the rule in 1961. Its three-point line was a radius of 25 feet (7.62 m) from the baskets, except along the sides.[2] The Eastern Professional Basketball League followed in its 1963–64 season.

tag: p

text:
The three-point shot later became popularized by the American Basketball Association (ABA), introduced in its inaugural 1967–68 season.[3][4] ABA commissioner George Mikan stated the three-pointer "would give the smaller player a chance to score and open up the defense to make the game more enjoyable for the fans."[5] During the 1970s, the ABA used the three-point shot, along with the slam dunk, as a marketing tool to compete with the NBA; its ninth and final season concluded in the spring of
1976.[6][7][8]

text: Three years later in June 1979, the NBA adopted the three-point line for a one-year trial for the 1979–80 season,[9][10][11] despite the view of many that it was a gimmick.[12] Chris Ford of the Boston Celtics is widely credited with making the first three-point shot in NBA history on October 12, 1979; the season opener at Boston Garden was more noted for the debut of Larry Bird (and two new head coaches).[13][14] Rick Barry of the Houston Rockets, in his final season, also made one in the same game, and Kevin Grevey of the Washington Bullets made one that Friday night as well.[14][15]

text: The sport's international governing body, FIBA, introduced the three-point line in 1984, at 6.25 m (20 ft 6 in), and it made its Olympic debut in 1988 in Seoul, South Korea.

text: The NCAA's Southern Conference became the first collegiate conference to use the three-point rule, adopting a 22-foot (6.71 m) line for the 1980–81 season.[16][17] Ronnie Carr of Western Carolina was the first to score a three-point field goal in college basketball history on November 29, 1980.[17][18][19] Over the following five years, NCAA conferences differed in their use of the rule and distance required for a three-pointer. The line was as close as 17 ft 9 in (5.41 m) in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), and as far away as 22 ft (6.71 m) in the Big Sky.[20][21][22]

text: Used only in conference play for several years, it was adopted by the NCAA in April 1986 for the 1986–87 season at 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m)[23][24][25][26] and was first used in the NCAA Tournament in March 1987.[27] The three-pointer was adopted in women's basketball on an experimental basis for that season at the same distance, and made its use mandatory beginning in 1987–88.[28]  In 2007, the NCAA lengthened the men's distance by a foot to 20 ft 9 in (6.32 m), effective with the 2008–09 season,[29] and the women's line was moved to match the men's in 2011–12.[28] American high schools, along with elementary and middle schools, adopted a 19 ft 9 in (6.02 m) line nationally in 1987, a year after the NCAA.[30] The NCAA used the FIBA three-point line (see below) in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) in 2018.[31]

text: For three seasons beginning in 1994–95, the NBA attempted to address decreased scoring by shortening the distance of the line from 23 ft 9 in (7.24 m) (22 ft (6.71 m) at the corners) to a uniform 22 ft (6.71 m) around the basket. From the 1997–98 season on, the NBA reverted the line to its original distance of 23 ft 9 in (22 ft at the corners, with a 3-inch differential). Ray Allen is currently the NBA all-time leader in career made three-pointers with 2,973.[32]

text: In 2008, FIBA announced that the distance would be increased by 50 cm (19.7 in) to 6.75 m (22 ft 1 3⁄4 in), with the change being phased in beginning in October 2010. In December 2012, the WNBA announced that it would be using the FIBA distance, starting in 2013. The NBA has discussed adding a four-point line, according to president Rod Thorn.[33]

text: In the NBA, three-point field goals have become increasingly more frequent along the years, with effectiveness increasing slightly. The 1979-80 season had an average 2.2 three-point goals per game and 6.6 attempts (33% effectiveness). The 1989-90 season had an average 4.8 three-point goals per game and 13.7 attempts (35% effectiveness). The 2009-10 season had an average 6.4 three-point goals per game and 18.1 attempts (36% effectiveness). The 2016-17 season had an average 9.7 three-point goals per game and 27.0 attempts (36% effectiveness).[34]

text: Rule specifications[edit]

text:
A three-point line consists of an arc at a set radius measured from the point on the floor directly below the center of the basket, and two parallel lines equidistant from each sideline extending from the nearest end line to the point at which they intersect the arc. In the NBA and FIBA standard, the arc spans the width of the court until it is a specified minimum distance from each sideline. The three-point line then becomes parallel to the sidelines from those points to the baseline. The unusual formation of the three-point line at these levels allows players some space from which to attempt a three-point shot at the corners of the court; the arc would be less than 2 feet (0.61 m) from each sideline at the corners if it was a continuous arc. In the NCAA and American high school standards, the arc spans 180° around the basket, then becomes parallel to the sidelines from the plane of the basket center to the baseline (5 feet 3 inches or 1.60 metres).
The distance of the three-point line to the center of the hoop varies by level:

text:
Arc radius

Minimum distancefrom sidelines

NBA

23 ft 9 in (7.24 m)

3 ft 0 in (0.91 m)

[35]

FIBA, WNBA

22 ft 2 in (6.76 m)

4 ft 1 in (1.24 m)

[36]

NCAA

20 ft 9 in (6.32 m)

4 ft 3 in (1.30 m)

[37]

U.S. high schools

19 ft 9 in (6.02 m)

5 ft 3 in (1.60 m)

[38]

tag: table

text: A player's feet must be completely behind the three-point line at the time of the shot or jump in order to make a three-point attempt; if the player's feet are on or in front of the line, it is a two-point attempt. A player is allowed to jump from outside the line and land inside the line to make a three-point attempt, as long as the ball is released in mid-air.

text: An official raises his/her arm with three fingers extended to signal the shot attempt. If the attempt is successful, he/she raises his/her other arm with all fingers fully extended in manner similar to a football official signifying successful field goal to indicate the three-point goal. The official must recognize it for it to count as three points. Instant replay has sometimes been used, depending on league rules. The NBA,[39] WNBA, FIBA and the NCAA specifically allow replay for this purpose. In NBA, FIBA, and WNBA games, video replay does not have to occur immediately following a shot; play can continue and the officials can adjust the scoring later in the game, after reviewing the video. However, in late game situations, play may be paused pending a review.

text: If a shooter is fouled while attempting a three-pointer and subsequently misses the shot, the shooter is awarded three free-throw attempts. If a player completes a three-pointer while being fouled, the player is awarded one free-throw for a possible 4-point play. Conceivably, if a player completed a three-pointer while being fouled, and that foul was ruled as either a Flagrant 1 or a Flagrant 2 foul, the player would be awarded two free throws for a possible 5-point play.

text: Related concepts[edit]

text: Major League Lacrosse features a two-point line which forms a 15-yard (14 m) arc around the front of the goal. Shots taken from behind this line count for two points, as opposed to the standard one point.

text: In gridiron football, a standard field goal is worth three points; various professional and semi-pro leagues have experimented with four-point field goals. NFL Europe and the Stars Football League adopted a rule similar to basketball's three-point line in which an additional point was awarded for longer field goals; in both leagues any field goal of 50 yards (46 m) or more was worth four points. The Arena Football League awards four points for any successful drop kicked field goal (like the three-point shot, the drop kick is more challenging than a standard place kick, as the bounce of the ball makes a kick less predictable, and arena football also uses narrower goal posts for all kicks than the outdoor game does).

text: During the existence of the World Hockey Association in the 1970s, there were proposals for two-point hockey goals for shots taken beyond an established distance (one proposal was a 44-foot (13.4m) arc, which would have intersected the faceoff circles), but this proposal gained little support and faded after the WHA merged with the NHL. It was widely believed that long-distance shots in hockey had little direct relation to skill (usually resulting more from goalies' vision being screened or obscured), plus with the lower scoring intrinsic to the sport a two-point goal was seen as disruptive of the structure of the game.

text: The Super Goal is a similar concept in Australian rules football, in which a 50-meter (55 yd) arc determines the value of a goal; within the arc, it is the usual 6 points, but 9 points are scored for a "super goal" scored from outside the arc. To date the super goal is only used in pre-season games and not in the season proper.[40]

text: The National Professional Soccer League II, which awarded two points for all goals except those on the power play, also used a three-point line, drawn 45 feet (14 m) from the goal. It has since been adopted by some other indoor soccer leagues.


document_title: Hampstead (film)

question_text: actress who played emily walters in the recent movie hampstead

text: Hampstead (film)

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Diane Keaton as Emily Walters
Brendan Gleeson as Donald Horner
James Norton as Philip
Lesley Manville Fiona
Jason Watkins as James Smythe
Phil Davis
Simon Callow as The Judge
Alistair Petrie as Steve Crowley
Peter Singh as Xavier
Will Smith as Leon Rowlands
Rosalind Ayres as Susan
Brian Protheroe as Rory

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: On 20 October 2015 Diane Keaton and Brendan Gleeson joined the cast of the film.[2] On 13 May 2016 Lesley Manville, James Norton, Jason Watkins and Simon Callow joined the cast of the film.[3] Principal photography began on 22 May 2016.[3]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on 23 June 2017 by Entertainment One Films.[4]


document_title: Debt-to-GDP ratio

question_text: what is the u.s. debt to gdp ratio

question_tokens: what is the u.s. debt to gdp ratio

text: Debt-to-GDP ratio

text: Global trends[edit]

text: In 2016, United States public debt-to-GDP ratio was at 104.8%.[2] The level of public debt in Japan 2013 was 243.2% of GDP, in China 22.4% and in India 66.7%, according to the IMF,[3] while the public debt-to-GDP ratio at the end of the 2nd quarter of 2016 was at 70.1% of GDP in Germany, 89.1% in the United Kingdom, 98.2% in France and 135.5% in Italy, according to Eurostat.[4]

text: Two thirds of US public debt is owned by US citizens, banks, corporations, and the Federal Reserve Bank;[5] approximately one third of US public debt is held by foreign countries - particularly China and Japan. Conversely, less than 5% of Japanese public debt is held by foreign countries.

text: Particularly in macroeconomics, various debt-to-GDP ratios can be calculated. The most commonly used ratio is the Government debt divided by the gross domestic product (GDP), which reflects the government's finances, while another common ratio is the total debt to GDP, which reflects the finances of the nation as a whole.

text: Units[edit]

text: The debt-to-GDP ratio is generally expressed as a percentage, but properly has units of years, as below.

text: By dimensional analysis these quantities are the ratio of a stock (with dimensions of currency) by a flow (with dimensions of currency/time), so[note 1] they have dimensions of time. With currency units of US dollars (or any other currency) and time units of years (GDP per annum), this yields the ratio as having units of years, which can be interpreted as "the number of years to pay off debt, if all of GDP is devoted to debt repayment". Thus, 90% refers to a debt which would take 90% of a year's GDP to pay off.

text: This interpretation must be tempered by the understanding that GDP cannot be entirely devoted to debt repayment — some must be spent on survival, at the minimum, and in general only 5–10% will be devoted to debt repayment, even during episodes such as the Great Depression, which have been interpreted as debt-deflation — and thus actual "years to repay" is debt-to-GDP divided by "fraction of GDP devoted to repayment", which will generally be 10 times as long or more than simple debt-to-GDP.

text: Changes[edit]

text: The change in debt-to-GDP is approximately "net increase in debt as percentage of GDP"; for government debt, this is deficit or (surplus) as percentage of GDP.

text: This is only approximate as GDP changes from year to year, but generally year-on-year GDP changes are small (say, 3%), and thus this is approximately correct.

text: However, in the presence of significant inflation, or particularly hyperinflation, GDP may increase rapidly in nominal terms; if debt is nominal, then its ratio to GDP will decrease rapidly. A period of deflation would have the opposite effect.

text: A government's debt-to-GDP ratio can be analysed by looking at how it changes or, in other words, how the debt is evolving over time:

text:
The left hand side of the equation demonstrates the dynamics of the government's debt.

B

t

Y

t

{\textstyle {\frac {B_{t}}{Y_{t}}}}

 is the debt-to-GDP at the end of the period t, and

B

t
−
1

Y

t
−
1

{\textstyle {\frac {B_{t-1}}{Y_{t-1}}}}

 is the debt-to-GDP ratio at the end of the previous period (t-1). Hence, the left side of the equation shows the change in the debt-to-GDP ratio. The right hand side of the equation shows the causes of the government's debt.

(
r
−
g
)
(

B

t
−
1

Y

t
−
1

)

{\textstyle (r-g)({\frac {B_{t-1}}{Y_{t-1}}})}

 is the interest payments on the stock of debt as a ratio of GDP so far, and

G

t

−

T

t

Y

t

{\textstyle {\frac {G_{t}-T_{t}}{Y_{t}}}}

 shows the primary deficit-to-GDP ratio.

text: If the government has the ability to print money, and therefore monetize the outstanding debt, the budget constraint becomes:

text:
The term

M

t

Y

t

−

M

t
−
1

Y

t
−
1

{\textstyle {\frac {M_{t}}{Y_{t}}}-{\frac {M_{t-1}}{Y_{t-1}}}}

 is the change in money balances (i.e. money growth). By printing money the government is able to increase nominal money balances to pay off the debt (consequently acting in the debt way that debt financing does, in order to balance the government's expenditures). However, the effect that an increase in nominal money balances has on seignorage is ambiguous, as while it increases the amount of money within the economy, the real value of each unit of money decreases due to inflationary effects. This inflationary effect from money printing is called an inflation tax.

text: Applications[edit]

text: Debt-to-GDP measures the financial leverage of an economy.

text: One of the Euro convergence criteria was that government debt-to-GDP be below 60%.

text: The World Bank and the IMF hold that “a country can be said to achieve external debt sustainability if it can meet its current and future external debt service obligations in full, without recourse to debt rescheduling or the accumulation of arrears and without compromising growth.” According to these two institutions, external debt sustainability can be obtained by a country “by bringing the net present value (NPV) of external public debt down to about 150 percent of a country’s exports or 250 percent of a country’s revenues.” [1] High external debt is believed to have harmful effects on an economy.[6]

text: In 2013 Herndon, Ash, and Pollin reviewed an influential, widely cited research paper entitled, "Growth in a time of debt",[7] by two Harvard economists Carmen Reinhart and Kenneth Rogoff. Herndon, Ash and Pollin argued that "coding errors, selective exclusion of available data, and unconventional weighting of summary statistics lead to serious errors that inaccurately represent the relationship between public debt and GDP growth among 20 advanced economies in the post-war period."[8][9] Their research had significant basic computation errors that, when corrected, undermined the central claim of the book that too much debt causes recession.[10][11] Rogoff and Reinhardt claimed that their fundamental conclusions were accurate, despite the errors.[12][13] Recently, the Growth in a Time of Debt controversy was argued to instantiate the ‘emerging contrary result’ phenomenon.[14] The following arguments support this thesis: (1) the viewpoint according to which weighted averaging scheme is superior to the unweighted one is not justified by the cliometric methodology, (2) excluding post-war statistics was grounded in the lack of believable estimates and (3) the infamous spreadsheet error influenced the summary statistics in a minor way. Therefore, none of the two contrary results obtained by Reinhart and Rogoff and Herndon, Ash and Pollin is superior and the question whether there is a threshold in the relation between public debt and economic growth stays open.

text: There is a difference between external debt denominated in domestic currency, and external debt denominated in foreign currency. A nation can service external debt denominated in domestic currency by tax revenues, but to service foreign currency debt it has to convert tax revenues in foreign exchange market to foreign currency, which puts downward pressure on the value of its currency. So all of the money used to service foreign currency debt has to come from a country's balance of payments transfers.[dubious – discuss]


document_title: List of National Rugby League records

question_text: who has won the most rugby league premierships

text: List of National Rugby League records

text: Team records[edit]

text: Premierships[edit]

text:
Titles
Club
Seasons

21
 South Sydney Rabbitohs
1908, 1909, 1914, 1918, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, 1929, 1931, 1932, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 2014

15
 St. George Dragons
1941, 1949, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1977, 1979

13
 Sydney Roosters
1911, 1912, 1913, 1923, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1940, 1945, 1974, 1975, 2002, 2013

11
 Balmain Tigers
1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1924, 1939, 1944, 1946, 1947, 1969

8
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
1938, 1942, 1980, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1995, 2004

8
 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
1972, 1973, 1976, 1978, 1987, 1996, 2008, 2011

6
 Brisbane Broncos
1992, 1993, 1997SL, 1998, 2000, 2006

4
 Western Suburbs Magpies
1930, 1934, 1948, 1952

4
 Parramatta Eels
1981, 1982, 1983, 1986

3
 Newtown Jets
1910, 1933, 1943

3
 Canberra Raiders
1989, 1990, 1994

3
 Melbourne Storm
1999, 2007, 2009, 2012, 2017

2
 North Sydney Bears
1921, 1922

2
 Newcastle Knights
1997ARL, 2001

2
 Penrith Panthers
1991, 2003

1
 Wests Tigers
2005

1
 St. George Illawarra Dragons
2010

1
 North Queensland Cowboys
2015

1
 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
2016

text: Most consecutive[edit]

text: 11 -  St. George (1956 to 1966)

text: Runners Up[edit]

text:
Tally
Club
Seasons

15
 Sydney Roosters
1908, 1919, 1921, 1928, 1931, 1934, 1938, 1941, 1960, 1972, 1980, 2000, 2003, 2004, 2010

13
 South Sydney Rabbitohs
1910, 1916, 1917, 1920, 1923, 1924, 1935, 1937, 1939, 1949, 1952, 1965, 1969

12
 St. George Dragons
1927, 1930, 1933, 1942, 1946, 1953, 1971, 1975, 1985, 1992, 1993, 1996

11
 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
1951, 1957, 1959, 1968, 1970, 1982, 1983, 1995, 1997ARL, 2007, 2013

10
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
1940, 1947, 1967, 1974, 1979, 1986, 1994, 1998, 2012, 2014

9
 Balmain Tigers
1909, 1936, 1945, 1948, 1956, 1964, 1966, 1988, 1989

8
 Western Suburbs Magpies
1918, 1925, 1932, 1950, 1958, 1961, 1962, 1963

7
 Newtown Jets
1913, 1914, 1929, 1944, 1954, 1955, 1981

5
 Parramatta Eels
1976, 1977, 1984, 2001, 2009

4
 Glebe
1911, 1912, 1915, 1922

3
 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
1973, 1978, 1997SL

3
 Melbourne Storm
2006, 2008, 2016

2
 Canberra Raiders
1987, 1991

2
 New Zealand Warriors
2002, 2011

2
 North Queensland Cowboys
2005, 2017

1
 University
1926

1
 North Sydney Bears
1943

1
 Penrith Panthers
1990

1
 St. George Illawarra Dragons
1999

1
 Brisbane Broncos
2015

text: Most consecutive[edit]

text: 3 -  Western Suburbs Magpies (1961 to 1963)

text: Minor Premierships[edit]

text:
Tally
Club
Seasons

19
 Sydney Roosters
1912, 1913, 1923, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937, 1940, 1941, 1945, 1974, 1975, 1980, 1981, 2004, 2013, 2014, 2015

17
 South Sydney Rabbitohs
1908, 1909, 1914, 1918, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1929, 1932, 1949, 1950, 1951, 1953, 1968, 1969, 1970, 1989

15
 St. George Dragons
1928, 1946, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1962, 1963, 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1979, 1985

9
 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
1971, 1972, 1973, 1976, 1983, 1987, 1995, 1996, 1997ARL

7
 Balmain Tigers
1915, 1916, 1917, 1919, 1920, 1924, 1939

7
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
1938, 1942, 1947, 1984, 1993, 1994, 2012

6
 Newtown Jets
1910, 1933, 1943, 1944, 1954, 1955

5
 Western Suburbs Magpies
1930, 1948, 1951, 1961, 1978

5
 Parramatta Eels
1977, 1982, 1986, 2001, 2005

4
 Brisbane Broncos
1992, 1997SL, 1998, 2000

3
 Melbourne Storm
2006, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2016, 2017

2
 North Sydney Bears
1921, 1922

2
 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
1988, 1999

2
 Penrith Panthers
1991, 2003

2
 St. George Illawarra Dragons
2009, 2010

1
 Glebe
1911

1
 Canberra Raiders
1990

1
 New Zealand Warriors
2002

text: Most consecutive[edit]

text: 6 -  St. George (1962 to 1967)

text: Wooden spoons[edit]

text:
Tally
Club
Seasons

17
 Western Suburbs Magpies
1909, 1910, 1912, 1913, 1916, 1933, 1940, 1942, 1953, 1955, 1971, 1983, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1998, 1999

13
 Parramatta Eels
1947, 1952, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1959, 1960, 1961, 1970, 1972, 2012, 2013

10
 University
1921, 1923, 1927, 1929, 1930, 1931, 1934, 1935, 1936, 1937

9
 North Sydney Bears
1915, 1917, 1919, 1932, 1941, 1948, 1950, 1951, 1979

8
 Newtown Jets
1924, 1925, 1928, 1939, 1968, 1976, 1977, 1978

8
 South Sydney Rabbitohs
1945, 1946, 1962, 1975, 1990, 2003, 2004, 2006

5
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
1943, 1944, 1964, 2002, 2008

5
 Sydney Roosters
1949, 1963, 1965, 1966, 2009

4
 Balmain Tigers
1911, 1974, 1981, 1994

4
 Penrith Panthers
1973, 1980, 2001, 2007

4
 Newcastle Knights
2005, 2015, 2016, 2017

3
 Annandale
1914, 1918, 1920

3
 St. George Dragons
1922, 1926, 1938

3
 Illawarra Steelers
1985, 1986, 1989

3
 Gold Coast Seagulls
1991, 1992, 1993

3
 North Queensland Cowboys
1995, 1997SL, 2000

3
 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
1967, 1969, 2014

2
 South Queensland Crushers
1996, 1997ARL

1
 Cumberland
1908

1
 Canberra Raiders
1982

1
 Melbourne Storm
2010

1
 Gold Coast Titans
2011

text: Most consecutive[edit]

text: 6 -  Parramatta (1956 to 1961)

text: Team wins, losses and draws[edit]

text: Matches played[edit]

text:
Rank
Team
1st Match
Matches
Won
Drawn
Lost
PF
PA
% Won

1
 Melbourne Storm
14 March 1998
473
296
6
171
11,232
8,251
63.21

2
 Brisbane Broncos
6 March 1988
705
435
14
257
16,258
12,160
62.62

3
 St. George Dragons
23 April 1921
1,545
910
56
579
27,452
21,729
60.71

4
 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
12 April 1947
1,513
876
36
601
29,426
23,934
59.08

5
 Glebe
20 April 1908
297
163
6
128
3,966
3,365
55.89

6
 Sydney Roosters
20 April 1908
2,126
1,121
69
936
37,426
33,315
54.35

7
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
25 April 1935
1,749
910
53
786
30,347
29,773
53.54

8
 Balmain Tigers
20 April 1908
1,705
871
68
766
26,688
25,609
53.08

9
 South Sydney Rabbitohs
20 April 1908
2,054
1,063
46
945
34,892
34,947
52.87

10
 St. George Illawarra Dragons
6 March 1999
435
225
6
204
9,428
8,387
52.41

11
 Canberra Raiders
27 February 1982
843
425
9
409
18,137
17,220
50.94

12
 Newcastle Knights
5 March 1988
683
340
15
328
14,156
14,033
50.87

13
 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
2 April 1967
1,170
554
23
593
20,922
21,384
48.33

14
 New Zealand Warriors
10 March 1995
514
238
7
269
10,868
10,395
46.98

15
 Newtown Jets
20 April 1908
1,305
583
59
663
18,836
20,231
46.93

16
 Parramatta Eels
12 April 1947
1,560
707
40
813
26,801
28,556
46.60

17
 Newcastle (1908–1909)
20 April 1908
20
9
0
11
295
229
45.00

18
 Western Suburbs Magpies
20 April 1908
1,691
734
49
908
25,244
28,961
44.86

19
 Wests Tigers
6 February 2000
397
174
3
220
8,346
9,400
44.20

20
 Gold Coast Titans
18 March 2007
220
97
0
123
4,110
5,023
44.09

21
 Penrith Panthers
2 April 1967
1,152
482
28
642
20,716
23,317
43.05

22
 North Sydney Bears
20 April 1908
1,665
678
71
916
25,133
27,837
42.85

23
 North Queensland Cowboys
11 March 1995
517
213
6
298
10,573
12,257
41.77

24
 Illawarra Steelers
28 February 1982
396
153
13
230
6,614
7,313
40.28

25
 Western Reds
12 March 1995
61
24
1
36
995
1,425
40.16

26
 Northern Eagles
6 February 2000
76
30
1
45
1,582
2,118
40.13

27
 Hunter Mariners
2 March 1997
18
7
0
11
350
363
38.89

28
 Adelaide Rams
1 March 1997
42
13
1
28
696
1,017
32.15

29
 Gold Coast Chargers
5 March 1988
246
53
9
184
3,285
5,854
23.37

30
 South Queensland Crushers
11 March 1995
65
13
1
51
844
1,628
20.77

31
 University
8 May 1920
242
47
5
190
2,392
5,308
20.45

32
 Annandale
30 April 1910
153
25
6
122
1,065
2,583
18.30

33
 Cumberland
9 May 1908
8
1
0
7
38
191
12.50

text: Source: Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Last updated: 18 January 2016.

text: Most consecutive wins[edit]

text:
Rank
Wins
Team
Period

1
19 matches
 Eastern Suburbs
from Manly-Warringah, 13 April 1975 to Newtown, 23 August 1975

2
17 matches
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
from St. George Illawarra, 31 March 2002 to North Queensland, 3 August 2002

=3
16 matches
 South Sydney
from Newtown, 30 May 1908 to Glebe, 17 July 1909

=3
16 matches
 Eastern Suburbs
from North Sydney, 15 June 1912 to Glebe, 28 June 1913

=5
15 matches
 South Sydney
from Balmain, 2 May 1925 to North Sydney, 8 May 1926

=5
15 matches
 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
from South Sydney, 12 March 1995 to Parramatta, 9 July 1995

=5
15 matches
 Melbourne Storm
from Penrith Panthers, 4 August 2012 to New Zealand Warriors, 25 April 2013

=5
15 matches
 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
from Melbourne Storm, 28 March 2016 to Newcastle Knights, 24 July 2016

Source: Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Last updated: 1 August 2016.

text: Most consecutive losses[edit]

text:
Rank
Losses
Team
Period

1
42 matches
 University
from Balmain, 28 April 1934 to Eastern Suburbs, 22 August 1936

2
25 matches
 Eastern Suburbs
from North Sydney, 25 July 1965 to Canterbury-Bankstown, 9 April 1967

=3
22 matches
 South Sydney
from St. George, 23 June 1945 to St. George, 12 April 1947

=3
22 matches
 Western Suburbs Magpies
from Eastern Suburbs Roosters, 25 April 1984 to St. George Dragons, 14 April 1985

5
20 matches
 Newtown Jets
from Penrith Panthers, 27 March 1977 to Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles, 14 August 1977

6
19 matches
 Newcastle Knights
from Brisbane Broncos, 16 April 2016 to New Zealand Warriors, 5 March 2017

Source: Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Last updated: 11 March 2017.

text: Result records[edit]

text: Greatest win margins[edit]

text:
Rank
Margin
Winning Team
Defeated Team
Score
Venue
Date

1
85
 St. George
 Canterbury-Bankstown
91–6
Earl Park
11 May 1935

2
80
 Eastern Suburbs
 Canterbury-Bankstown
87–7
Sydney Sports Ground
18 May 1935

3
70
 Parramatta Eels
 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
74–4
Parramatta Stadium
23 August 2003

4
68
 Canberra Raiders
 Parramatta Eels
68–0
Bruce Stadium
22 August 1993

5
67
 South Sydney
 Western Suburbs
67–0
Royal Agricultural Society Grounds
21 July 1910

Source: Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Last updated: 28 May 2007.

text: Most points scored in a game[edit]

text:
Rank
Points
Winning Team
Defeated Team
Score
Venue
Date

1
102
 Newcastle Knights
 Canberra Raiders
70–32
Canberra Stadium
18 March 2006

2
97
 St. George
 Canterbury-Bankstown
91–6
Earl Park
11 May 1935

3
96
 Penrith Panthers
 Northern Eagles
68–28
Brookvale Oval
8 September 2002

=4
94
 Eastern Suburbs
 Canterbury-Bankstown
87–7
Sydney Sports Ground
18 May 1935

=4
94
 Sydney Roosters
 North Queensland Cowboys
64–30
Sydney Football Stadium
9 June 2007

Source: Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Last updated: 28 May 2007.

text: Fewest points scored in a game[edit]

text:
Rank
Points
Winning Team
Defeated Team
Score
Venue
Date

1
0
 Newtown Jets drew with  Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
–
0–0
Henson Park
28 May 1982

2
1
 Newtown
 St. George
1–0
Sydney Cricket Ground
12 May 1973

=3
2
 Newtown
 Eastern Suburbs
2–0
Sydney Cricket Ground
16 May 1914

=3
2
 Balmain
 North Sydney
2–0
North Sydney Oval
25 April 1931

=3
2
 South Sydney
 Parramatta
2–0
Sydney Sports Ground
18 July 1965

Source: Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Last updated: 8 February 2007.

text: Most Points Scored by One Team in a Game[edit]

text:
Rank
Points
Winning Team
Defeated Team
Score
Venue
Date

1
91
 St. George
 Canterbury-Bankstown
91–6
Earl Park
11 May 1935

2
87
 Eastern Suburbs
 Canterbury-Bankstown
87–7
Sydney Sports Ground
18 May 1935

=3
74
 Parramatta Eels
 Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks
74–4
Parramatta Stadium
23 August 2003

=3
74
 Canberra Raiders
 Penrith Panthers
74–12
Canberra Stadium
10 August 2008

5
72
 Penrith Panthers
 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
72–12
Penrith Stadium
7 August 2004

text: Highest Scores by a Losing Side[edit]

text:
Points
Winning Team
Defeated Team
Score
Venue
Date

36
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
 Hunter Mariners
48–36
Belmore Sports Ground
12 May 1997

36
 Wests Tigers
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
37–36
Telstra Stadium
27 March 2005

36
 Gold Coast Titans
 Newcastle Knights
38–36
Energy Australia Stadium
9 May 2010

36
 Gold Coast Titans
 Melbourne Storm
38–36
Suncorp Stadium
13 May 2017

34
 St George Illawarra Dragons
 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
36–34
OKI Jubilee Stadium
29 August 2004

34
 Canterbury-Bankstown Bulldogs
 Canberra Raiders
41–34
GIO Stadium
24 May 2015

34
 Parramatta Eels
 Brisbane Broncos
52–34
Suncorp Stadium
24 August 2017

text: Highest Drawn Games Scores[edit]

text:
Score
Teams
Venue
Date

34–34
 Parramatta vs.  North Sydney
Parramatta Oval
25 June 1949

34–34
 Illawarra Steelers vs.  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
WIN Stadium
4 May 1997

34–34
 South Sydney Rabbitohs vs.  Brisbane Broncos
Aussie Stadium
28 August 2004

32–32
 Penrith Panthers vs.  New Zealand Warriors
CUA Stadium
1 August 2009

31–31
 Sydney Roosters vs.  New Zealand Warriors
Sydney Football Stadium
5 August 2007

Source: Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Last updated: 8 February 2007.

text: Best Start to a season[edit]

text:
Wins
Team
Season

15
 Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles
1995 ARL season

12
 South Sydney
1925 NSWRFL season

11
 Western Suburbs
1934 NSWRFL season

11
 Balmain
1966 NSWRFL season

10
 St. George
1959 NSWRFL season

10
 Sydney City Roosters
1996 ARL season

text: Undefeated in a season[edit]

text:
Year
Team

1915
 Balmain

1921
 North Sydney

1925
 South Sydney

1936
 Eastern Suburbs

1937
 Eastern Suburbs

1959
 St. George

text: Failed To Win a Match in a season[edit]

text:
Year
Team

1918
 Annandale

1920
 Annandale

1921
 University

1935
 University

1937
 University

1946
 South Sydney

1966
 Eastern Suburbs

text: Most Points Scored by a Team in a season[edit]

text: 839 points by the  Parramatta Eels in 2001.

text: Most Tries and Goals by a Team in a Grand Final[edit]

text: 8 tries, 7 goals by the  Eastern Suburbs Roosters in 1975.

text: Largest winning margin in a Grand Final[edit]

text: 40 points to nil by the  Manly Warringah Sea Eagles over the  Melbourne Storm in 2008.

text: Fewest Points Scored by a Team in a season[edit]

text: 38 points by  Cumberland in 1908.

text: Most Points Conceded by a Team in a season[edit]

text: 944 points by the  Western Suburbs Magpies in 1999.

text: Fewest points conceded by a team in a season[edit]

text: 41 points by  South Sydney in 1909.

text: Keeping opposition scoreless: most games in a season[edit]

text: 6 matches by the  Sydney Roosters in 2013.

text: Biggest comebacks[edit]

text:
26 Points:  North Queensland Cowboys came from 26–0 down at halftime to win 36–28 against the  Penrith Panthers on 29 May 1998 at Penrith Stadium
26 Points:  Penrith Panthers came from 32–6 down after 53 minutes to draw 32–32 against the  New Zealand Warriors on 1 August 2009 at CUA Stadium
24 Points:  Wests Tigers came from 24–0 down after 26 minutes to win 36–32 against the  Newcastle Knights on 11 August 2001 at Campbelltown Stadium
24 Points:  St. George Illawarra Dragons came from 34–10 down after 57 minutes to win 36–34 against the  Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles on 29 August 2004 at Oki Jubilee Stadium
24 Points:  South Sydney Rabbitohs came from 28–4 down after 52 minutes to win 29–28 against the  North Queensland Cowboys on 28 June 2008 at Dairy Farmers Stadium
24 Points:  Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks came from 24–0 down after 31 minutes to win 30–28 against the  Sydney Roosters on 5 July 2014 at Allianz Stadium
24 Points:  North Queensland Cowboys came from 30-6 down after 58 minutes to win 36-30 against the  Parramatta Eels on 8 June 2015 at Pirtek Stadium
23 Points:  Penrith Panthers came from 31–8 down after 53 minutes to win 32–31 against the  Wests Tigers on 4 June 2000 at Penrith Stadium.
22 Points:  Melbourne Storm came from 22-0 down after 20 minutes to win 36-32 against the  Cronulla Sharks on 16 March 2003 at Southern Cross Group Stadium.
22 Points:  Parramatta Eels came from 22–0 down at halftime to win 34–28 against the  Penrith Panthers on 17 July 2010 at CUA Stadium.
22 Points:  Cronulla-Sutherland Sharks came from 22-0 down after 43 minutes to win 24-22 against the  Brisbane Broncos on 28 June 2014 at Suncorp Stadium.
22 Points:  Canberra Raiders came from 22-0 down after 28 minutes to win 30-22 against the  Wests Tigers on 19 April 2015 at Leichhardt Oval.
22 Points:  Canberra Raiders came from 22-0 down after 39 minutes to win 29-25 against the  Newcastle Knights on 3 July 2016 at GIO Stadium Canberra.
22 Points:  Penrith Panthers came from 28-6 down after 46 minutes to win 36-28 against the  New Zealand Warriors on 13 May 2017 at Pepper Stadium.

text: Individual records[edit]

text: Note: Figures in boldface are currently playing in the NRL.

text: Most games (NRL's '300 Club')[edit]

text:
Games
Player
Clubs
Years

362
Cameron Smith
 Melbourne
2002–

355
Darren Lockyer
 Brisbane
1995–2011

350
Terry Lamb
 Western Suburbs,  Canterbury-Bankstown
1980–1996

349
Steve Menzies
 Manly-Warringah,  Northern Eagles
1993–2008

347
Corey Parker
 Brisbane
2001–2016

336
Brad Fittler
 Penrith,  Sydney Roosters
1989–2004

332
Cliff Lyons
 North Sydney,  Manly-Warringah
1985–1999

330
Nathan Hindmarsh
 Parramatta
1998–2012

328
Andrew Ettingshausen
 Cronulla-Sutherland
1983–2000

326
Cooper Cronk
 Melbourne,  Sydney Roosters
2004–

325
Geoff Gerard
 Parramatta,  Manly-Warringah,  Penrith
1974–1989

319
Chris Heighington
 Wests Tigers,  Cronulla-Sutherland,  Newcastle
2003–

318
Jason Croker
 Canberra
1991–2006

317
Hazem El Masri
 Canterbury-Bankstown
1996–2009

315
Paul Langmack
 Canterbury-Bankstown,  Western Suburbs,  Sydney Roosters
1983–1999

315
Luke Priddis
 Canberra,  Brisbane,  Penrith,  St. George Illawarra
1997–2010

313
Steve Price
 Canterbury-Bankstown,  New Zealand Warriors
1994–2009

313
Brent Kite
 St. George Illawarra,  Manly-Warringah,  Penrith
2002–2015

312
Ruben Wiki
 Canberra,  New Zealand Warriors
1993–2008

309
Petero Civoniceva
 Brisbane,  Penrith
1998–2012

309
Ryan Hoffman
 Melbourne,  New Zealand Warriors
2003–10, 2012–

308
Luke Lewis
 Penrith,  Cronulla-Sutherland
2001–

308
Paul Gallen
 Cronulla-Sutherland
2001–

307
Brett Kimmorley
 Newcastle,  Hunter,  Melbourne,  Northern Eagles,  Cronulla-Sutherland,  Canterbury-Bankstown
1995–2010

303
Anthony Watmough
 Northern Eagles,  Manly-Warringah,  Parramatta
2002–2015

303
Johnathan Thurston
 Canterbury-Bankstown,  North Queensland
2002–

302
Anthony Minichiello
 Sydney Roosters
2000–2014

302
Billy Slater
 Melbourne
2003–

301
Luke Ricketson
 Sydney Roosters
1991–2005

300
Scott Prince
 North Queensland,  Brisbane,  Wests Tigers,  Gold Coast Titans
1998–2013

300
John Morris
 Newcastle,  Parramatta,  Wests Tigers,  Cronulla-Sutherland
2001–2014

Source:http://www.nrl.com/cameron-smiths-300th-game-a-rugby-league-icon/tabid/10874/newsid/88068/default.aspx The NRL'S 300 club. As of 30 March 2018.

text: At one club[edit]

text:
Games
Player
Clubs
Years

362
Cameron Smith
 Melbourne
2002–

355
Darren Lockyer
 Brisbane
1995–2011

347
Corey Parker
 Brisbane
2001–2016

330
Nathan Hindmarsh
 Parramatta
1998–2012

328
Andrew Ettingshausen
 Cronulla-Sutherland
1983–2000

323
Cooper Cronk
 Melbourne
2004–2017[1]

318
Jason Croker
 Canberra
1991–2006

317
Hazem El Masri
 Canterbury-Bankstown
1996–2009

309
Cliff Lyons
 Manly-Warringah
1986–1999

308
Paul Gallen
 Cronulla-Sutherland
2001–

302
Anthony Minichiello
 Sydney Roosters
2000–2014

302
Billy Slater
 Melbourne
2003–

301
Luke Ricketson
 Sydney Roosters
1991–2005

Source: Eels NRL Player Stats. Retrieved 3 February 2012.

text: Most tries scored[edit]

text: In a career[edit]

text:
Rank
Tries
Player
Clubs

1
212
Ken Irvine
 North Sydney,  Manly-Warringah

2
183
Billy Slater
 Melbourne

3
180
Steve Menzies
 Manly-Warringah,  Northern Eagles

4
165
Andrew Ettingshausen
 Cronulla-Sutherland

5
164
Terry Lamb
 Western Suburbs,  Canterbury-Bankstown

6
163
Brett Stewart
 Manly-Warringah

=7
159
Matt Sing
 Penrith,  Sydney Roosters,  North Queensland

=7
159
Hazem El Masri
 Canterbury-Bankstown

9
154
Nathan Merritt
 South Sydney,  Cronulla-Sutherland

=10
152
Harold Horder
 South Sydney,  North Sydney

=10
152
Manu Vatuvei
 New Zealand Warriors

Source: NRL Stats. Last updated: 1 October 2017.

text: In a season[edit]

text:
Tries
Player
Club
Season

38
Dave Brown[2]
 Eastern Suburbs
1935 NSWRFL season

34
Ray Preston
 Newtown
1954 NSWRFL season

29
Les Brennan
 South Sydney
1954 NSWRFL season

28
Bobby Lulham
 Balmain
1947 NSWRFL season

28
Johnny Graves
 South Sydney
1951 NSWRFL season

text: In a game[edit]

text: 8 - Frank Burge,  Glebe vs.  University, Round 7, 1920

text: Most points scored[edit]

text: In a career[edit]

text:
Rank
Points
Player
Clubs
Period

1
2,418
Hazem El Masri
 Canterbury-Bankstown
316 games (1996–2009)

2
2,213
Cameron Smith
 Melbourne
361 games (2002–)

3
2,176
Andrew Johns
 Newcastle
249 games (1993–2007)

4
2,107
Jason Taylor
 Western Suburbs,  North Sydney,  Northern Eagles,  Parramatta
276 games (1990–2001)

5
2,076
Johnathan Thurston
 Canterbury-Bankstown,  North Queensland
303 games (2002–)

6
2,034
Daryl Halligan
 North Sydney,  Canterbury-Bankstown
230 games (1991–2000)

7
1,971
Mick Cronin
 Parramatta
216 games (1977–1986)

8
1,917
Graham Eadie
 Manly-Warringah
233 games (1971–1983)

9
1,841
Eric Simms
 South Sydney
206 games (1965–1975)

10
1,793
Luke Burt
 Parramatta
264 games (1999–2012)

Source: Rugby League Tables & Statistics. Last updated: 29 March 2018.

text: In a season[edit]

text:
Points
Player
Club
Year

342 (16t, 139g)
Hazem El Masri
 Canterbury-Bankstown
2004 NRL season

308 (15t, 124g)
Brett Hodgson
 Wests Tigers
2005 NRL season

296 (17t, 114g)
Hazem El Masri
 Canterbury-Bankstown
2006 NRL season

296 (18t, 112g)
Jarrod Croker
 Canberra
2016 NRL season

294 (9t, 129g)
Hazem El Masri
 Canterbury-Bankstown
2003 NRL season

text: In a game[edit]

text: 45 - Dave Brown,[2]  Eastern Suburbs vs.  Canterbury-Bankstown, Round 6, 1935

text: Eldest Players[edit]

text:
Age
Player
Club
Year

40 years and 5 days
Billy Wilson
 North Sydney
1967 NSWRFL season

39 years and 311 days
Ted Courtney
 Western Suburbs
1924 NSWRFL season

38 years and 149 days
Roy Kirkaldy
 Canterbury-Bankstown
1948 NSWRFL season

38 years and 28 days
Henry Porter
 Canterbury-Bankstown
1948 NSWRFL season

38 years and 25 days
Sandy Pearce
 Eastern Suburbs
1921 NSWRFL season

text: Youngest Players[edit]

text:
Age
Player
Club
Year

16 years and 85 days
Ray Stehr
 Eastern Suburbs
1929 NSWRFL season

16 years and 220 days
Jack Arnold
 Western Suburbs
1936 NSWRFL season

16 years and 238 days
Jordan Rankin
 Gold Coast Titans
2008 NRL season

16 years and 258 days
Frank Burge
 Glebe
1911 NSWRFL season

16 years and 303 days
Adam Ritson
 Cronulla-Sutherland
1993 NSWRL season