document_title: Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks

question_text: who won wicked tuna outer banks season 4

text: Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks

text: Vessels[edit]

text:
Name

Captain

Seasons

Ref.

Hard Merchandise/Falcon

Dave Marciano

Season 1 - Season 3, Season 5 - present

[4]

Doghouse

Britton Shackelford

Season 1 - present

[5]

The Pinwheel

Tyler McLaughlin

Season 1 - present

[6]

Fishin’ Frenzy

Greg Mayer

Season 1 - present

[7]

The Hot Tuna

TJ Ott

Season 1 - present

[8]

Reels of Fortune

Charlie "Griff" Griffin

Season 2 - present

[9]

Foolish Pleasures

Dale Lisi

Season 3 - present

[10]

Wahoo

Reed Meredith

Season 1

[11]

Reel Action

Tami Gray

Season 2

[12]

Little Shell

Nick Gowitzka

Season 4 - present

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired110August 17, 2014 (2014-08-17)October 19, 2014 (2014-10-19)210July 19, 2015 (2015-07-19)September 20, 2015 (2015-09-20)310July 25, 2016 (2016-07-25)September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)48July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)5TBAJuly 1, 2018 (2018-07-01)TBA

text: Season 1 (2014)[edit]

text:
No. in Season

Title

Original airdate

1"Yankee Invasion"August 17, 2014 (2014-08-17)
After a disappointing North Atlantic bluefin tuna season, Captain Dave Marciano of the Hard Merchandise and Captain TJ Ott of the Hot Tuna travel south full steam into the waters of the Outer Banks, N.C., to extend their season and salvage their losses. In the South, the competition is fiercer and the stakes are higher than ever before. The 500-mile steam is a huge gamble on what could be a massive payday ' or a huge financial loss.
2"Southern Discomfort"August 24, 2014 (2014-08-24)
The Southern captains fear a full-scale Yankee invasion of their waters when another Northern boat ' the Pin Wheel with Captain Tyler McLaughlin ' comes steaming into the Outer Banks. This trip, McLaughlin is desperate to make up for the embarrassing last-place finish he landed last season, and to help him he adds Paul Hebert onboard as co-captain. As the Pin Wheel steams in, they're greeted with gunshots by the Southerners, showing there is no room for Southern hospitality.
3"Bluefin or Bust"August 31, 2014 (2014-08-31)
With six of the finest tuna fisherman traversing the Outer Banks in the hunt for bluefin, competition gets super competitive. The strict bluefin quota is rapidly starting to fill, and time is of the essence for all the captains. Dave Marciano has been unable to land a single catch and fears the huge gamble he made in traveling south will not pay off. If he doesn't catch a fish in the next two days, he won't be able to afford to stay in the Carolinas and will have to head back to Gloucester.
4"We’re Not in Gloucester Anymore"September 7, 2014 (2014-09-07)
Weather in the Outer Banks takes a turn for the worse, pitting man against sea as the turbulent Atlantic Ocean threatens the fishermen's quest for bluefin tuna. With ominous weather looming and the bluefin quota quickly filling, the pressure is on for the Northern and Southern boats to act fast or risk financial ' or nautical ' disaster. The Fishin' Frenzy leads the fleet and Captain Greg Mayer uses his knowledge of the Carolina waters to head out early before the windy weather escalates.
5"Ice Ice Tuna"September 14, 2014 (2014-09-14)
Winter releases its fury on the Northern and Southern boats as a dangerous storm makes its way through the Outer Banks, giving the fishermen their toughest battle yet, facing high winds, snow and boat-crushing ice. The strain gets heavier for each fisherman as the ongoing hazardous weather obstructs their hunt for bluefin tuna. Southern captains Greg Mayer of the Fishin' Frenzy and Reed Meredith of the Wahoo continue to fight it out for top spot in the fleet.
6"By Hook or By Crook"September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)
Local rivals Fishin' Frenzy and Wahoo strive to out-fish one another and become the top-earning boat of the fleet. Meanwhile, Southern captain Britton Shackelford and his first mate Caine are struggling to make ends meet with only one catch so far. Northern captains TJ Ott of Hot Tuna, Dave Marciano of Hard Merchandise and Tyler McLaughlin of Pin Wheel all look to haul in as much of the remaining quota as they can to justify their 550-mile trip down from Gloucester.
7"From Rods to Riches"September 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)
The Meredith brothers continue to reign on the Wahoo, but trouble with their hydraulic lines might put their lead in jeopardy. McLaughlin and Hebert of Pin Wheel have shot up to second place. Fishin' Frenzy's luck takes a turn for the worse when it wastes an entire afternoon reeling in the wrong kind of fish. Hard Merchandise has had a hot streak of big catches, but engine trouble threatens to put an end to its success. Doghouse continues to struggle, trailing the other boats by a wide margin.
8"Doghouse Afternoon"October 5, 2014 (2014-10-05)
To make ends meet, Captain Britton Shackelford on Doghouse takes charter clients out for the day. For rivals Fishin' Frenzy and Wahoo, Fishin' Frenzy's captain Greg Mayer is back on top. With the end of the season only days away, both are desperate to stay ahead of the Meredith brothers. For Dave Marciano onboard the Hard Merchandise, the stress of catching bluefin has begun to take a toll on his health. The rivalry between Tyler McLaughlin on Pin Wheel and TJ Ott on Hot Tuna heats up.
9"Tick Tock Tuna"October 12, 2014 (2014-10-12)
Pin Wheel and rivals Fishin' Frenzy and Wahoo lead the race with seven tuna each. Captain Greg Mayer of Fishin' Frenzy is desperate for catches to reclaim their top spot, while the Wahoo brothers Reed and Banks Meredith are determined to stay in the top spot. Pin Wheel Co-Captains Tyler McLaughlin and Paul Hebert are a stone's throw away from beating all of the Southern boats in their own backyard. Doghouse, Hard Merchandise and Hot Tuna struggle to haul in fish for the remainder of the season.
10"The Fat Tuna Sings"October 19, 2014 (2014-10-19)
Wahoo leads the fleet, but local rival Fishin' Frenzy and invader Pin Wheel are serious threats for the top spot. Hard Merchandise needs one more bluefin to make the expensive trip south profitable, while Doghouse and Hot Tuna fight to earn one final paycheck to salvage their seasons. When captain Greg Mayer of Fishin' Frenzy receives the official call that the quota will close the next day at midnight, everyone races to catch more bluefin and reach the buyers in time to make the final sale.

text: Season 2 (2015)[edit]

text:
No. in Season

Title

Original airdate

1"First Strike"July 19, 2015 (2015-07-19)
It’s opening day of the Outer Banks bluefin season, and the captains battle it out to make the season’s first catch. Captain Charlie “Grif” Griffin may be new to the competition, but he’s a legend in these waters. Grif fishes alongside his son and, despite the competition, he forms a friendship with Gloucester captain Dave Marciano of the Hard Merchandise. Grif offers to help Marciano navigate the treacherous currents that run through Oregon Inlet as boats pass under Bonner Bridge. It’s a dangerous gamble — if they make it through they’ll reach the fishing grounds, but one wrong move could end both their seasons.
2"Bombs Away"July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)
After colliding with Bonner Bridge, Captain Marciano and Captain Griffin struggle to regroup. The boats are banged up, but it’s too early to tell whether they can salvage their seasons or if they’ll have to hang up their rods. Meanwhile, Captain Tami Gray of the Reel Action enters the competition. The Reel Action is one of the few all-female commercial fishing boats on the East Coast, but Tami knows that the only way to get respect is to earn it — by putting meat on deck. And over on the Pinwheel, Captain Tyler McLaughlin encounters a mysterious explosion at sea — a hazard that could jeopardize his fishing trip and cost him a paycheck.
3"Fins of the Father"August 2, 2015 (2015-08-02)
Captain Charlie Griffin, of Reels of Fortune, might be leading the fleet in the bluefin earning, but his boat has been having problems since his crash into Oregon Inlet’s treacherous Bonner Bridge. When Charlie picks up his boat after mechanics have finished working on the damage, it comes with a $10,000 bill, so now he and his hard-working son Jake must catch that much in fish just to break even. After two back-to-back seasons of being runner-up in New England and North Carolina, confident and cocky young Captain Tyler McLaughlin, of northern boat Pin Wheel, is determined to finish out the season as the No. 1 boat, and will let nothing get in his way — even the fishing lines of other boats.
4"Salty Gals and Southern Nights"August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)
At the start of day nine, last season’s champion, Captain Greg Mayer, and his Fishin’ Frenzy crew are the top earners in the Outer Banks’ bluefin tuna fleet. Charlie and Jake Griffin, of the father-and-son operation Reels of Fortune, with a $10,000 boat repair bill still hanging over their heads, are more desperate than ever for a payday. Captain TJ Ott, of the northern boat Hot Tuna, is looking for any advantage he can get to turn his mediocre season around, so he reaches out to southern captain Tami Gray, of the all-female team Reel Action, hoping that a new friendship will lead to a wealth of local knowledge. And on Doghouse, captain Britton Shackelford’s chances of landing his second keeper tuna of the season will all come down to whether his greenhorn son Austin can come through in a dangerous situation.
5"Wicked Ride"August 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)
At the start of the 11th day on the water in North Carolina, treacherous winter weather in the Outer Banks fishing grounds forces captains to push their limits. Southern boat Reels of Fortune holds a meager lead over last year’s local champion Fishin’ Frenzy, while northern boat Hard Merchandise and local all-female team Reel Action have yet to catch a fish.
6"Reels of Misfortune"August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)
In North Carolina’s bluefin tuna fleet, family is at the forefront of the fight to fish hard and make money. On Fishin’ Frenzy, First Mate Nick Gowitzka faces a family emergency unfolding on land that tests his resolve on the water. And Captain Dave Marciano of Hard Merchandise draws on the support of his wife and daughter far away in Gloucester, Massachusetts, as well as a local family fishing operation to help him get through his slump.
7"Nine-Foot Monster"August 30, 2015 (2015-08-30)
In this episode of Wicked Tuna: Outer Banks, seven crews face the Outer Banks hoping to reel in a fish big enough to keep. But with the luck they have had, prospects are not looking so good. The Fishin’ Frenzy crew lucks out with a big catch and cashes in. With barely a bite, the Doghouse is forced to head in and trust that another day at sea will bring them a big catch. The Hot Tuna crew hopes that their dry spell will end and, with the final reel, they catch one of their largest tuna yet, cashing in over $9,000 for it.
8"Burn Blubber"September 6, 2015 (2015-09-06)
With the North Carolina season coming to a close and Reels of Fortune battling Fishin’ Frenzy for the top spot, all of the crews desperately struggle to land a fish and secure a paycheck. The Reel Action crew fights to catch up but takes a serious blow when they snag a shark; Tyler and Paul lose a “monstah” paycheck; and Dave and the crew of Hard Merchandise attempt to finally end their dry spell, or they’ll have to cut the season short and head back to Gloucester.
9"On a Fin and a Prayer"September 13, 2015 (2015-09-13)
With just five days left before the close of the season, the fleet is feeling the pressure. An accident leaves the Reel Action stuck at the dock, giving Captain Tami and her crew a late start, and tensions onboard reach a boiling point. Meanwhile, the Doghouse and Fishin’ Frenzy have the top spot in sight and are scrambling to keep catching before time runs out. And Captain Griff on the Reels of Fortune finds himself in a dangerous situation while navigating Oregon Inlet — a battle where experience and quick thinking are all that stand between life and death.
10"Wicked End"September 20, 2015 (2015-09-20)
It’s the final two days of the season, and three Southern boats — the Fishin’ Frenzy, the Reels of Fortune and the Doghouse — are all within striking distance of the top spot. As the clock ticks down, the captains are desperate to put meat on deck. The stakes have never been higher: one pulled hook means disaster, but one last catch can mean going home a champion.

text: Season 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
No. in Season

Title

Original airdate

1"Back in the Battle"July 25, 2016 (2016-07-25)
It’s bluefin tuna season in the Outer Banks. The fleet is excited to haul in these lucrative giants again — but new obstacles lie ahead.
2"Wicked Waters"August 1, 2016 (2016-08-01)
As the bluefin season takes off, the treacherous waters of the Outer Banks claim another victim, and the Fishin’ Frenzy and Hot Tuna are first on the scene.
3"A Bluefin for Boo"August 8, 2016 (2016-08-08)
The unpredictable waters cause more problems for boats in the Outer Banks. The captains feel the pressure as the season starts to slip away from them.
4"Underdog Day Afternoon"August 15, 2016 (2016-08-15)
With the fishing migration in an unpredictable state, the captains resort to espionage for information but end up with more than they bargained for.
5"Not How We Operate"August 22, 2016 (2016-08-22)
The fifth week of the fishing season becomes a battle for the best fishing spots. The waters turn turbulent as boats go head-to-head to prove their superiority. When old and new rivals clash on the high seas, the pressure is on to land a fish first using strength and intellect. As the pressure mounts on Gloucester’s bluefin tuna fishermen, captains will do whatever it takes to land a paycheck in their successful fishing spots.
6"The Karma Kid"August 29, 2016 (2016-08-29)
As the boats are now past the halfway point in the season, the pressure is on to catch enough bluefin tuna to become the No. 1 boat in the fleet.
7"Old Sailors and Bold Sailors"September 5, 2016 (2016-09-05)
Winter kicks into high gear in the Outer Banks and the captains must choose between safety at shore and risking it all at sea to catch bluefin tuna.
8"Hostile Waters"September 12, 2016 (2016-09-12)
The Outer Banks bites back as treacherous waters force captains to choose between chasing the fish at great risk, or waiting until conditions improve.
9"Striking Distance"September 19, 2016 (2016-09-19)
Tyler stuns the fleet with his comeback. The captains struggle to bring in a catch. The boats must stay out overnight to turn their luck around.
10"Luck Be A Tuna Tonight"September 26, 2016 (2016-09-26)
In the season finale, each captain is desperate to bring in one last catch, and the top-earning boat is revealed.

text: Season 4 (2017)[edit]

text:
No. in Season

Title

Original airdate

1"Fighting Frenzy"July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
Last season’s champion, Captain Greg Mayer, is determined to land the season’s first fish, but he must contend with a new adversary — his former mate.
2"Full Throttle"August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
Captain TJ Ott is haunted by a terrifying accident at sea, and the Doghouse desperately tries to land its first fish of the season.
3"Karma's a Fish"August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
Captain Greg Mayer sees his lead start to slip away as the competition heats up and one captain brings in the first triple catch of the season.
4"Dethroned"August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
The pressure of losing the top spot wears on Captain Greg Mayer. And Captain Tyler McLaughlin has an unorthodox strategy for turning his luck around.
5"I'll Slepp Whem I'm Dead"August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
The crews of the Doghouse, Foolish Pleasures and Little Shell all jockey to improve their positions before midseason burnout brings them down.
6"Tuna and the Beast"September 3, 2017 (2017-09-03)
With two weeks left in the season, every captain in the fleet is feeling the pressure to bring in a bluefin and land a paycheck.
7"Catch Me If You Can"September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
The captains push each other to the limit as they scramble to be on top. One fish can make the difference, but only one captain can claim first place.
8"Title Fight"September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
As time runs out, the captains fight to bring in their last catches. Greg Mayer has won the last three seasons. Can another captain defeat him?

text: Season 5 (2018)[edit]

text:
No. in Season

Title

Original airdate

1"Battle Lines"July 1, 2018 (2018-07-01)
It's opening day of the bluefin season, and a reduced quota puts pressure on the captains.
2"Not in Our Backyard"July 8, 2018 (2018-07-08)
The southern fleet has the edge in the Outer Banks for bluefin season.
3"Reverse the Curse"July 15, 2018 (2018-07-15)
A giant school of bluefin tuna breaks the curse for one of the boats, but a few other boats land only bad luck.

text: Season Winners[edit]

text:
Season

Winner

Captain

Total

Fish Caught

Runner Up

Captain

Total

Fish Caught

Season 1 - 2014

Fishin’ Frenzy

Greg Mayer

$49,634

10

Pin Wheel

Tyler McLaughlin

$47,917

9

Season 2 - 2015

Fishin’ Frenzy

Greg Mayer

$46,720

12

Reels of Fortune

Charlie "Griff" Griffin

$42,220

8

Season 3 - 2016

Fishin’ Frenzy

Greg Mayer

$42,217

10

Pin Wheel

Tyler McLaughlin

$41,530

7

Season 4 - 2017

Reels of Fortune

Charlie "Griff" Griffin

$64,675

10

Pin Wheel

Tyler McLaughlin

$64,045

10


document_title: 2018 European Rugby Champions Cup Final

question_text: where is the european rugby final being played

root

text: 2018 European Rugby Champions Cup Final

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text:
2018 European Rugby Champions Cup Final

Event
2017–18 European Rugby Champions Cup

Date
12 May 2018

Venue
San Mamés Stadium, Bilbao

← 2017
2019 →

text: The 2018 European Rugby Champions Cup Final is the final match in the 2017–18 European Rugby Champions Cup, and the twenty-third European club rugby final in general.

tag: p

text: The final will be played in Bilbao, Spain; the first time it will be contested outside one of the Six Nations countries.[1]


document_title: Yahtzee

question_text: how do you get a full house in yahtzee

question_tokens: how do you get a full house in yahtzee

text: Yahtzee

text: History[edit]

text: The overall concept of Yahtzee traces its roots to a number of traditional dice games. Among these is the Puerto Rican game Generala, and the English games of Poker Dice and Cheerio. Another game, Yap, shows close similarities to Yahtzee; this game was copyrighted by Robert Cissne in 1952.

text: The most important predecessor of Yahtzee is the dice game named Yacht, which is an English cousin of Generala and dates back to at least 1938.[2] Wood[2] classifies Yacht, and a similar three-dice game called Crag, as sequence dice games. Yahtzee is similar to Yacht in both name and content. Although Yahtzee is clearly derived from Yacht, it differed from it in a number of significant ways:

text:
It introduced the upper section bonus.
It included the three-of-a-kind category.
In Yacht both straights are a sequence of five (Big Straight is 2-3-4-5-6, Little Straight is 1-2-3-4-5). Yahtzee introduced the sequence of four straight (the Small Straight).
It introduced Yahtzee bonuses and the Joker rule.
There were also a number of scoring differences.

tag: ul

text:
The present-day commercial Yahtzee began when toy and game entrepreneur Edwin S. Lowe filed Yahtzee as a trademark with the U.S.
Patent Office on April 19, 1956. The first commercial usage of the name Yahtzee was a few weeks earlier on April 3. Lowe classified his product as a Poker Dice Game.

text: According to Hasbro, the game was invented by an anonymous Canadian couple, who called it The Yacht Game because they played it on their yacht with their friends.[3] Later they asked Lowe if he would make up some sets to be given as gifts to their friends who enjoyed the game. Lowe perceived the possibility of marketing the game, and acquired the rights to the game from the couple in exchange for 1,000 gift sets. This story is expanded by Lowe in the 1973 book A Toy is Born by Marvin Kaye. According to Lowe, the game did not initially do well commercially, since the rules and appeal were not easily conveyed in an advertisement. Eventually, he had the idea of organizing Yahtzee parties at which people could play the game and thereby gain a first-hand appreciation of it. The idea was successful, and enthusiasts quickly popularized the game through word of mouth.

text: The E.S. Lowe Company sold Yahtzee from 1956 to 1973. During Lowe's ownership, a number of changes were made to the game's packaging, contents, and appearance. Between 1956 and 1961, the game's advertising slogan was changed from "The Game That Makes You Think While Having Fun" to "The Fun Game That Makes Thinking Fun!"

text: The game and its contents were copyrighted by Lowe in 1956, 1961, 1967, and 1972. In 1973, Milton Bradley purchased the E.S. Lowe Company and assumed the rights to produce and sell Yahtzee. During Lowe's ownership over 40 million Yahtzee games were sold in America and around the globe. The game has maintained its popularity. According to current owner Hasbro, 50 million Yahtzee games are sold each year.

text: Over time, the Yahtzee logo has taken several forms. The original version of the logo was used throughout the entire period that the game was produced solely by the Lowe company. After 1973, the logo changed various times. This logo is found on the scorecards and the game box(es).

text: Rules[edit]

text: The game consists of a number of rounds. In each round, a player gets three rolls of the dice, although they can choose to end their turn after one or two rolls. After the first roll the player can save any dice they want and re-roll the other dice. This procedure is repeated after the second roll. The player has complete choice as to which dice to roll. They can re-roll a die for the third roll that was not rolled on the second roll.[4]

text: The Yahtzee scorecard contains 13 different category boxes and in each round, after the third roll, the player must choose one of these categories. The score entered in the box depends on how well the five dice match the scoring rule for the category. Details of the scoring rules for each category are given below. As an example, one of the categories is called Three of a Kind. The scoring rule for this category means that a player only scores if at least three of the five dice are the same value. The game is completed after 13 rounds by each player, with each of the 13 boxes filled. The total score is calculated by summing all thirteen boxes, together with any bonuses.[4]

text: The Yahtzee scorecard contains 13 scoring boxes divided between two sections: the upper section and the lower section.[4]

text: Upper section[edit]

text: In the upper section there are six boxes. The score in each of these boxes is determined by adding the total number of dice matching that box.

text:
Categories

Descriptions

Scores

Examples

Aces

Any combination

The sum of dice with the number 1

 scores 3

Twos

Any combination

The sum of dice with the number 2

 scores 6

Threes

Any combination

The sum of dice with the number 3

 scores 12

Fours

Any combination

The sum of dice with the number 4

 scores 8

Fives

Any combination

The sum of dice with the number 5

 scores 5

Sixes

Any combination

The sum of dice with the number 6

 scores 18

text: If a player scores a total of 63 or more points in these six boxes, a bonus of 35 is added to the upper section score. Although 63 points corresponds to scoring exactly three-of-a-kind for each of the six boxes, a common way to get the bonus is by scoring four-of-a-kind for some numbers so that fewer of other numbers are needed. A player can earn the bonus even if they score a "0" in an upper section box.[4]

text: In order to gauge how well a player is doing in the upper section, they often refer to being "up" or "down" compared to the average of three required for each box. So that if a player scores four "sixes" they will be "6 up"; while if they then score just two "twos" they will then be only "4 up". Similarly, if a player starts with two "twos" they will be "2 down".[4]

text: Lower section[edit]

text: The lower section contains a number of poker-themed categories with specific point values:

text:
Categories

Descriptions

Scores

Examples

Three Of A Kind

At least three dice the same

Sum of all dice

 scores 17

Four Of A Kind

At least four dice the same

Sum of all dice

 scores 24

Full House

Three of one number and two of another

25

 scores 25

Small Straight

Four sequential dice(1-2-3-4, 2-3-4-5, or 3-4-5-6)

30

 scores 30

Large Straight

Five sequential dice(1-2-3-4-5 or 2-3-4-5-6)

40

 scores 40

Yahtzee

All five dice the same

50

 scores 50

Chance

Any combination

Sum of all dice

 scores 13

text: Some players count a Yahtzee as being a valid Full House. However the official rule is that a Full House is "three of one number and two of another".[4]

text: Small Straight and Large Straight are sometimes called by different names, either Low Straight and High Straight, Short Straight and Long Straight or Little Straight and Big Straight.[4]

text: If a category is chosen but the dice do not match the requirements of the category the player scores 0 in that category. Some combinations offer the player a choice as to which category to score them under; e.g., a full house could be scored in the Full House, the Three-Of-A-Kind, or the Chance categories. The Chance category is often used for a turn that will not score well in any other category.[4]

text: Yahtzee bonuses and Joker rules[edit]

text: A Yahtzee occurs when all five dice are the same. If a player throws a Yahtzee but the Yahtzee category has already been used, special rules apply.[4]

text: If the player throws a Yahtzee and has already filled the Yahtzee box with a score of 50, they score a Yahtzee bonus and get an extra 100 points. However, if they throw a Yahtzee and have filled the Yahtzee category with a score of 0, they do not get a Yahtzee bonus.[4]

text: In either case they then select a category, as usual. Scoring is the same as normal except that, if the Upper Section box corresponding to the Yahtzee has been used, the Full House, Small Straight and Large Straight categories can be used to score 25, 30 or 40 (respectively) even though the dice do not meet the normal requirement for those categories. In this case the Yahtzee is said to act as a "Joker".[4]

text: There are two alternative versions of the Joker rule used.[4]

text: Forced Joker rule[edit]

text: In the official rules[4] the player must act in the following way.

text:
If the corresponding Upper Section box is unused then that category must be used.
If the corresponding Upper Section box has been used already, a Lower Section box must be used. The Yahtzee acts as a Joker so that the Full House, Small Straight and Large Straight categories can be used to score 25, 30 or 40 (respectively).
If the corresponding Upper Section box and all Lower Section boxes have been used an unused Upper Section box must be used, scoring 0.

text: Free choice Joker rule[edit]

text: In the simpler, alternative version of the Joker rule[5][6] the player retains the free choice as to which category to use, but the Yahtzee can only be used as a Joker if the corresponding Upper Section box has been used. If the corresponding Upper Section box is unused the Yahtzee would score 0 if the Full House, Small Straight or Large Straight categories were chosen.[4]

text: Original Joker rule[edit]

text: The original game rules released in 1956 contain a difference from the above rules. The booklet stated that additional Yahtzees must be used as Jokers in the Lower Section and did not allow for their use in the Upper Section. This rule was changed when the game was re-copyrighted in 1961.[4]

text: The winner is the player with the highest total. The rules do not specify what happens in the event of a tie.[4]

text: Example games[edit]

text: Dice shown in black are those kept from the previous roll.

text:
Round

Roll

Dice

Keep or Category

Score

1

1

2

3

Fours
12

2

1

2

3

Full House
25

3

1

2

3

Twos
8

4

1

2

3

Chance
22

5

1

2

3

Fives
15

6

1

2

3

Aces
2

7

1

2

3

Small Straight
30

8

1

2

3

Three-Of-A-Kind
21

9

1

2

3

Threes
9

10

1

2

3

Yahtzee
0

11

1

2

3

Four-Of-A-Kind
26

12

1

2

3

Large Straight
40

13

1

2

3

Sixes
18

text: Completed score card:

text:
UPPER SECTION
SCORE

Aces
2

Twos
8

Threes
9

Fours
12

Fives
15

Sixes
18

TOTAL SCORE
64

BONUS
35

TOTALUpper Section
99

LOWER SECTION
SCORE

3 of a kind
21

4 of a kind
26

Full House
25

Sm. Straight
30

Lg. Straight
40

YAHTZEE
0

Chance
22

Yahztee Bonus
–

TOTALLower Section
164

GRAND TOTAL
263

text: Strategies[edit]

text: A detailed discussion of the optimal strategy is beyond the scope of this article but certain aspects can be considered here.

text: Completing a Yahtzee[edit]

text: It is important to understand the probability of completing a Yahtzee. This depends on whether a particular Yahtzee is required or any Yahtzee.

text: Specific Yahtzee[edit]

text: The probability of completing a specific Yahtzee is shown in the following table.

text:
Number ofSame Di(c)e
Before FirstRoll
Before SecondRoll
Before ThirdRoll

4
-
30.56%
16.67%

3
-
9.34%
2.78%

2
-
2.85%
0.46%

1
-
0.87%
0.08%

0
1.33%
0.27%
0.01%

text: Any Yahtzee[edit]

text: The probability of completing any Yahtzee is shown in the following table. The strategy is to keep any Yahtzee, four-of-a-kind, three-of-a-kind or pair that is thrown and re-roll the others. With two pairs, either can be chosen.

text:
Most AlreadyRolled
Before FirstRoll
Before SecondRoll
Before ThirdRoll

4
-
30.56%
16.67%

3
-
9.34%
2.78%

2
-
2.91%
0.46%

1
-
1.26%
0.08%

0
4.60%
-
-

text: So if a three-of-a-kind is thrown on the first roll, the chance of completing a Yahtzee increases from 4.60% to 9.34%.

text: Final round[edit]

text: This section describes the last round strategy where there is no possibility of a Yahtzee bonus (i.e. there is a score of 0 in the Yahtzee box). These are the simplest situations to analyse, although even at this late stage the strategy may vary depending on the game situation.

text: Upper Section box[edit]

text: If the final box is in the upper section, the strategy is to keep any of the number required and re-roll the others. On average 2.11 of the number required will be gotten, scoring from 2.11 (for 1s) to 12.64 (for 6s). The distribution is as follows:

text:
Total
Probability

At least 1
93.51%

At least 2
69.88%

At least 3
35.48%

At least 4
10.44%

5
1.33%

text: Three-Of-A-Kind[edit]

text: There are slightly different strategies depending on whether a player is simply just trying to get a three-of-a-kind or if they are trying to maximize their average score. Different strategies will also be required should a specific target be needed to achieve.

text: The strategy to maximize the chance of getting a three-of-a-kind involves keeping any three-of-a-kind that is rolled. If a three-of-a-kind is rolled then after the first throw the player should keep any other 5s and 6s, while after the second throw the player should keep any other 4s, 5s, and 6s. An example is with 22225 the player keeps 2225 and throws the other 2. If a three-of-a-kind is not rolled the player should keep any pair that is rolled and re-roll the other dice, with two pairs the player should keep the higher pair, and with no pair the player should keep the highest die. Following this strategy gives a 74.32% chance of getting a three-of-a-kind.

text: This strategy does not maximize the average score since there are a few situations after the first throw, where it is better to keep other combinations. For instance after throwing 11166, keeping 11166 maximizes the chance of getting a three-of-a-kind (a guaranteed score of 15) but keeping 66 maximizes the expected average score (17.54), although it introduces a 1/3 chance of scoring nothing. The situations where the strategy to maximize the average score differs are all after the first throw and are as follows: keep 33, 44, 55, 66 rather than 111 (or 11155, 11166), keep 4, 5 or 6 rather than 11, keep 5 or 6 rather than 22, keep 336 rather than 33. For example, with 22456 the player should keep 6 rather than 22 and with 33456 they should keep 336 not 33. If they follow the strategy to maximize the average score they will get a three-of-a-kind 71.51% of the time and score an average of 15.19.

text: Four-Of-A-Kind[edit]

text: As with three-of-a-kind there are slightly different strategies depending on whether a player is simply trying to get a four-of-a-kind or he is trying to maximize his average score. Different strategies will also be required should he need to achieve a specific target.

text: The strategy to maximize his chance of getting a four-of-a-kind involves keeping any four-of-a-kind that he has. If he has a four-of-a-kind then after the first throw he will keep the other if it is a 5 and 6, while after the second throw he will keep it if it is a 4, 5 or 6. So that with 22223 he keeps 2222 and  will throw the 3. If he does not have a four-of-a-kind, the player should keep any three-of-a-kind or pair that he has and re-roll the other dice. With two pairs he will keep the higher pair. With no pair he will keep the highest die. Following this strategy gives him a 29.08% chance of getting a four-of-a-kind.

text: As with three-of-a-kind this strategy does not maximize the average score since there are a few situations after the first throw, where it is better to keep other combinations. For instance, after throwing 11166, keeping 111 maximizes the chance of getting a four-of-a-kind but keeping 66 maximizes the expected average score (6.20 rather than 4.18). The situations where the strategy to maximize the average score differs are all after the first throw and are as follows: keep 44, 55, 66 rather than 111, keep 4, 5 or 6 rather than 11, keep 6 rather than 22. Following the strategy to maximize the average score he will get a four-of-a-kind 27.74% of the time and score an average of 5.61.

text: Full House[edit]

text: A player will keep a Yahtzee or Full House. A Yahtzee will score 25 under the Joker rule, even though it is not strictly a full house. He will keep any four-of-a-kind, three-of-a-kind or pairs that are thrown and re-roll the others. With two pairs he will keep both. On average he will succeed 36.61% of the time and score an average of 9.15.

text: Small Straight[edit]

text: The strategy is complicated by the fact that, because of the Joker rule, the player will score 30 if he gets a Yahtzee. Clearly he keeps any Small Straight or Yahtzee that he throws. After the first throw he will keep a run of 3 or 3 out of 4 (e.g. 124) if he has one. Otherwise, he will keep a 3 or 4 (or both) and a 2 or 5 if he also has a 3 or 4 (e.g. with 11245 he will keep 24 but with 11255 he will keep nothing). He will not keep just 2, 5 or 25. The only difference after the second throw is that he keeps 1111, 2222, 5555 and 6666 and will try to throw a Yahtzee unless the other die is a 3 or 4.

text: On average he will succeed 61.60% of the time and score an average of 18.48.

text: Large Straight[edit]

text: Again the strategy is complicated by the fact that, because of the Joker rule, he will score 40 if he gets a Yahtzee. Clearly he will keep any Large Straight or Yahtzee that he throws. The best strategy is also to keep a four-of-a-kind and try to throw a Yahtzee, even after the first throw.The player should not keep a three-of-a-kind. Keep a small straight or 4 out of 5 (e.g. 1235) if he has one. Otherwise he should simply keep any 2, 3, 4 or 5 (just one of each), so that with 12256 he would keep 25.

text: On average he will succeed 26.53% of the time and score an average of 10.61.

text: Yahtzee[edit]

text: A player should keep any Yahtzee, four-of-a-kind, three-of-a-kind or pair that is thrown and re-roll the others. On average he will succeed 4.60% of the time and score an average of 2.30.

text: Chance[edit]

text: To get the maximum average score the strategy is straightforward. After the first throw the player will keep any 5s and 6s. After the second throw he will keep any 4s, 5s, and 6s. On average he will score 23.33. Different strategies will be required when he needs to achieve a specific target.

text: Optimal strategy[edit]

text: The strategy for maximizing the expected score has been determined.[5] The average score when using this strategy is 254.59.[6] This average is based on calculations using the "free choice Joker rule".

text: It is important to note that the "Optimal" strategy simply maximises the average score. It does not maximise the chances of winning a game. There are two main reasons for this.

text: Firstly, the Optimal strategy takes no account of any opponents. In normal gameplay a player will adjust their strategy depending on the scores of the other player or players.

text: Secondly, the Optimal strategy tends to give undue importance to Yahtzee bonuses. It is rare for a player without a Yahtzee bonus to beat a player with one. So, in normal gameplay, a players' strategy is not significantly influenced by the value given for a Yahtzee bonus. Consider the situation where the Yahtzee bonus was worth a million rather than a hundred. It would not influence normal gameplay where the objective is to score more than the opponent. It would, however, affect the "Optimal" strategy since scoring a million would have a dramatic effect on the average score. The "Optimal" strategy would be dominated by the prospect of a Yahtzee bonus. Even with a Yahtzee bonus worth 100 the "Optimal" strategy tends to give too much importance to Yahtzee bonuses.

text: Despite these limitations the "Optimal" strategy does provide a useful guide as to the best strategy, especially in the early rounds. The "Optimal" strategy for the first round is described in the next section. After the first round, the number of different games rapidly makes detailed analysis difficult but, in the early rounds, players generally simply adapt the first round strategy based on the boxes used. For instance if a player throws 15566 in the first round they will keep 66 but if the 6s box was used in the first round and they throw 15566 in the second round they will naturally keep 55 instead.

text: The following table shows the average score obtained using the Optimal strategy and the proportion of the time that zero is scored in a particular category:[6]

text:
Category
Averagescore
Zeroscore

Aces
1.88
10.84%

Twos
5.28
1.80%

Threes
8.57
0.95%

Fours
12.16
0.60%

Fives
15.69
0.50%

Sixes
19.19
0.53%

Bonus
23.84
31.88%

Three-of-a-Kind
21.66
3.26%

Four-of-a-Kind
13.10
36.34%

Full House
22.59
9.63%

Small Straight
29.46
1.80%

Large Straight
32.71
18.22%

Yahtzee
16.87
66.26%

Chance
22.01
-

Yahtzee Bonus
9.58
91.76%

TOTAL
254.59
-

text: The bonus is made in 68% of games but in only 1% of games does the player get exactly 3-of-a-kind of each Upper Section category. In a further 5% of games the player gets at least 3-of-a-kind in each of these categories and 4-of-a-kind in one or more of them. In the remaining 62% of games, there is at least one category which scores a pair or less but the bonus is achieved by scoring one or more 4-of-a-kind in the Upper Section. It is possible to calculate the maximum average score with different rules. When the rules are changed so that there is no Upper Section bonus the average score drops from 254.59 to 237.84, a reduction of 16.75. This compares with an average bonus score of 23.84 and shows that changes to the strategy to improve the chance of getting the bonus are to the detriment of the other scores; the average score in the other boxes drops by 7.09.

text: A Yahtzee is scored in about 34% of games while a Yahtzee bonus is scored in about 8% of games. A second Yahtzee bonus occurs about 1% of the time while a third one is scored in about 0.1% of games. The average number of Yahtzees thrown in a game is 0.46.[6] This includes about 3% of games where a Yahtzee is thrown after 0 has been scored in the Yahtzee box and although it does score something, it is not scored as a Yahtzee or Yahtzee bonus.

text: In about 3.7% of games a Yahtzee is used as a Joker and scored on Full House, Small Straight or Large Straight.[6] In most of these cases the Yahtzee box has a score of 50 and so the Yahtzee also counts as a Yahtzee bonus. In about a quarter of these cases the Yahtzee box has a score 0 and so there is no Yahtzee bonus.

text: Although the average score is 254.59 the Median score is 248[6] The Mode is 266 which occurs 1.26% of the time. The 1st Percentile is 151 (i.e. 1% of scores are 151 or less) while the 99th Percentile is 473 (i.e. 99% of scores are 473 or less).

text: First round[edit]

text: The strategy for the first round described here is based on that used by the "Optimal" strategy. Sometimes there are two possible plays which are almost equally good. In these cases the simplest option is given, i.e. the one that follows the general rules.

text: Although there are 7776 different ways of throwing 5 dice, because the order of the dice is not important there are only 252 different combinations. To use the strategy described therefore requires knowing 756 different situations.

text: Second and third roll choices[edit]

text: The general principle after the first and second throws is to keep the largest number of similar dice and rethrow the rest. When a player has a full house he will keep the three-of-a-kind. With two pairs, keep the higher pair and rethrow the other three dice. If a large straight is rolled, keep it. If a small straight is rolled, keep it and re-roll the fifth die. If all the dice are different and there is no straight, keep only the 5. There are a number of exceptions to these rules. These exceptions are different for the second and third rolls.

text: Exceptions before the second roll:

text:
with a full house containing three 1s, he will keep all the dice and put in the Full House box.
with 12344 he will keep the pair not the small straight.
with a 3456 and a pair he will keep the pair not the small straight.
with a pair of 1s he will keep, in order of preference, 345, 5, 4 or 6, not the pair of 1s.

text: So, before the second roll he will never keep two pairs, he will never keep a pair of 1s and he will never throw all the dice again.

text: Exceptions before the third roll:

text:
with a full house containing three 1s, three 2s or three 3s, he will keep all the dice and put in the Full House box.
with a pair of 1s and a pair of 2s or with a pair of 1s and a pair of 3s, he will keep both pairs.
with 11345 he will keep 345 not the pair.
with 12456 he will keep 456 not just the 5.

text: So there are specific differences compared to the second roll. Now he will keep the Full House if the three-of-a-kind is 2 or 3 and keep two pairs when they are 1 and 2 or 1 and 3.He will Keep all large and small straights.He will Normally keep a pair of 1s (although 345 is still better) and keep 456 rather than 5 when all the dice are different.

text: Category choice[edit]

text: In about 80% of games a player will either have at least a 3-of-a-kind or a straight. If he has any of the following he will put it in the appropriate Lower Section box: Yahtzee, full house, large straight, small straight. With a 4-of-a-kind or 3-of-a-kind he will put it in the appropriate Upper Section box. The only exception is that when he has a 3-of-a-kind where the sum of the dice is 25 or more he should use the 3-of-a-kind box. The 4-of-a-kind box is never used in the first round.

text: In the remaining 20% of cases he will have a poor hand: two pairs, one pair or all dice different. In these situations there is no appealing option, the choice being between using an Upper Section box and using Chance. With two pairs follow the rule for the lower of the two pairs he has. The rule depends on whether his pair (or smaller pair) is low (1, 2 or 3) or high (4, 5 or 6):

text:
with a low pair he will use the appropriate Upper Section box (1s, 2s or 3s) unless the sum of the dice is 22 or more in which case use the Chance box.
with a high pair he will use the 1s box unless the sum of the dice is 20 or more in which case use the Chance box. The only exception is that with 23446 he should use the Chance box even though it only scores 19.
with all dice different he will use the 1s box.

text: Best and worst outcome[edit]

text: The best outcome in the first round is to throw a Yahtzee and put it in the Yahtzee box. This increases the final expected score from 254.59 to 320.84.[6] Putting a Yahtzee of 6s in the 6s box results in an expected score of just 279.48. The second best outcome is to score 24 in the 6s box. This has a value of 268.23.[6] Putting 56666 in the 4-of-a-kind box has a value of 264.54.

text: The worst first roll is 11236 which has a value of 249.83.[6] After the second roll the worst position is 12356 which then has a value of 244.91. The worst third roll is 23446 which has a value of 238.96 when put in the Chance box.[6]

text: Extreme scores[edit]

text: Maximum score[edit]

text: The highest possible score is 1,575 and involves throwing 13 Yahtzees, scoring 12 Yahtzee bonuses of 100 points each, as well as 375 in the other categories.

text: The 375 is achieved by scoring five aces (5), five twos (10), five threes (15), five fours (20), five fives (25), five sixes (30), the Upper Section bonus (35), five sixes scored as Three-of-a-kind (30), five sixes scored as a four-of-a-kind (30), a full house (25), a small straight (30), a large straight (40), a Yahtzee (50), and five sixes scored as chance (30). The score of 1,575 requires using the "Joker" rules for the full house, small straight, and large straight categories.

text: In order to score 1,575 the player must throw 13 successive Yahtzees. The probability of getting a Yahtzee, if that is the sole objective, is 4.60% and so the probability of a player rolling 13 Yahtzees in a row (if that was their sole objective) is 4.60% raised to the 13th power or 6982416000000000000♠4.16×10−18. The probability of scoring 1,575 (if that was the sole objective) is less than this since to score the maximum one would need at least one of each number (after the first round) to fill the Upper Section and a further three 6 Yahtzees to score 30 in the three-of-a-kind, four-of-a-kind and chance categories. In about 18% of Yahtzees the player has some choice over the dice to keep. This most frequently happens when a player rolls two pairs. This means that a player can slightly increase the chance of getting a 6 Yahtzee without reducing the chance of getting a Yahtzee.

text: In normal gameplay the probability of scoring 1,575 is considerably less. Using the strategy that maximizes the average score, the probability of scoring 1,575 is 6980137999999999999♠1.38×10−20.

text: Other high scores[edit]

text: For a player following the strategy which maximises the chance of getting a Yahtzee, the probability of scoring a particular number of Yahtzees follows a binomial distribution and is shown in the following table.

text:
YahtzeesRolled
Probability
Chance

1 or more
45.80%
1 in 2.18

2 or more
11.81%
1 in 8.47

3 or more
1.97%
1 in 50.7

4 or more
0.210%
1 in 436

5 or more
6996182000000000000♠1.82×10−4
1 in 5,140

6 or more
6995117000000000000♠1.17×10−5
1 in 81,200

7 or more
6993566000000000000♠5.66×10−7
1 in 1,700,000

8 or more
6992204999999999999♠2.05×10−8
1 in 47,500,000

text: A player must throw at least 8 Yahtzees in order to score 1000. Throwing 8 Yahtzees will score 750 for the Yahtzee and Yahtzee bonuses. The 7 Yahtzees after the first throw will generally score highly, including the opportunity of using the Joker rule to score in, for instance, the Large Straight category. This means that a player throwing 8 Yahtzees will often be able to score 1,000.

text: In normal gameplay the probability of scoring this number of Yahtzees is considerably less. The following table shows the probability of getting certain scores using the "Optimal" strategy.

text:
Score
Probability
Chance

400 or more
3.84%
1 in 25.5

500 or more
0.719%
1 in 139

600 or more
6996896000000000000♠8.96×10−4
1 in 1,120

700 or more
6995750000000000000♠7.50×10−5
1 in 13,300

800 or more
6994436000000000000♠4.36×10−6
1 in 229,000

900 or more
6993183000000000000♠1.83×10−7
1 in 5,480,000

1000 or more
6991558000000000000♠5.58×10−9
1 in 179,000,000

text: Minimum score[edit]

text: The lowest possible score is 5. The Chance box always scores the sum of the dice, so that a minimum of 5 must be scored in that category.

text: The strategy that works to maximize the average expected score will under worst case conditions score a minimum of 12 points, but cautious play will guarantee a minimum score of 18.[8]

text: A score of 18 will be achieved if 11223 is thrown each round and then, whatever is re-thrown, getting 11223 again after the second and third throws, scoring 2 in the 1s box, 4 in the 2s box, 3 in the 3s box and 9 for the Chance category.

text: Scoring the minimum of 12, when attempting to maximise the average score, is less likely than scoring the maximum of 1,575 but is theoretically possible. Suppose that in the first two rounds 12355 after each roll. This would happen if a 12355 is thrown on the first roll and then, whatever dice are re-thrown, getting the same combination again; for instance, keeping 55, rethrowing the 123, and still getting 12355. The optimal strategy uses the 1s box in the first round, scoring 1, and the 2s box in the second round, scoring 2. Now suppose that for the next 3 rounds 11226 results after each roll. Again this is possible since 11226 may be thrown on the first roll and the same may be gotten when some of dice are re-thrown. The optimal strategy uses the four-of-a-kind and Yahtzees boxes in the third and fourth rounds and then the 3s box in the fifth round, scoring 0 each time. For the last 8 rounds suppose 11223 is rolled each time. 0 is scored in all the remaining categories, except chance where 9 is scored, giving a total of 12.

text: Commercial versions[edit]

text: Deluxe and collector editions[edit]

text: Deluxe edition games have been sold alongside the regular issue games since the early 1960s. They all contain components that are more luxurious than standard game parts. In recent years, a number of collector issue Yahtzees have been sold as well. Some of these collector issues have dice that replace the pips with certain symbols connected to a theme, but still correspond to the numbers one to six.

text: Travel Yahtzee[edit]

text: Since the 1970s, Travel Yahtzee has been sold in various forms as part of Milton Bradley's line of travel games.

text:
In the past, the travel form of Yahtzee was composed of the five dice contained in a special apparatus (see image at the right). "Rolling" the dice is initiated by turning the apparatus over, running it on one hand and turning the apparatus upright to see the faces of the dice. Dice to be saved for the next roll are locked by snapping the reverse of the apparatus.
Currently, a zip-up cloth deluxe folio edition is sold. It consists of the set of dice, the cup, the scorecards, and a tray for the dice to roll on, which includes a holder for the dice to be saved for the next roll. The cup has an oblong lip for easy storage.
In addition to the game folio, Hasbro also released Yahtzee to Go. It comes with a dice cup that stores the dice & contents. similar to the original Travel Yahtzee only without the apparatus. This is sold in tandem with the game folio.
There also exists a red circular travel edition, which includes the dice and scorecards, as well as a collapsible cup and detachable dice holder. The bottom half of the case acts as a dice tray. It should be noted that this one uses a different logo from the standard one (the name of the game in uppercase with an exclamation point in front of a green oval) and it is sold outside of the United States.[9]
There are also miniature versions of the game, sold in sets contained either in cups that act as keychains (by the company Basic Fun) [10] or in specially shaped pens (by the company Stylus).[11]

text: Electronic versions[edit]

text: Various Yahtzee console games have been sold over the years including an early version on the TI-99 4A computer. In 1996, the game was first released to PC and Mac users by Atari. The Ultimate Yahtzee CD-ROM game contained standard Yahtzee as well as other varieties. Later, GameHouse also released an authorized special version of the game for Windows users.

text: There are also several electronic versions of the game such as a handheld LCD version, and a cell phone version called Yahtzee Deluxe, which feature the original rules along with Duplicate and Rainbow modes, as well as independently produced versions for the Palm OS and Pocket PC and several cellphone models. The version for the Nintendo Game Boy was licensed from Hasbro and was produced by DSI Games and Black Lantern Studios Inc. It was sold in a three pack that included Life, Payday, and Yahtzee. The game has also been released for the iPod, iPod touch and the iPhone, to be purchased through the iTunes Store,[12][13]  as well as Google Play. Both the iOS App and the Android App are published by Scopely. Yahtzee is available on the Xbox 360 in the Family Game Night game by Hasbro. Pogo.com released a version in 2009, and the game is also available on the Pogo Facebook site as well.

text: Related games[edit]

text: A number of related games under the Yahtzee brand have been produced. They all commonly use dice as the primary tool for gameplay, but all differ generally. The first was Triple Yahtzee, developed in 1972. The game has inspired two short-lived television game shows: 1975's Spin-Off on CBS and 1988's syndicated Yahtzee.

text: Online versions[edit]

text: There are a large number of versions of Yahtzee which can be played online or are available to download.

text:
"Open Yahtzee" is a cross-platform open-source (free) version of Yahtzee for one player.[14]
"Yahtzee Scoresheet" is a free online scoresheet for Yahtzee players.
"YachtC" is a commercially available free app on the Google Play Store. It has 3 variations: The traditional version, a "7-sided" dice version called "Lucky7", and a "TriColor" version similar to Kismet

text: Similar games[edit]

text: There are a large number of related games. Yatzy is one of the most popular. Yatzy rules and scoring categories are somewhat different from Yahtzee:[15]

text:
The bonus for reaching 63 or more points in the Upper Section is normally 50 points.
There are two extra boxes for the "One Pair" and "Two Pair" categories. These score the total of the pair(s) involved. For instance, 5-5-4-4-1 will score 10 points in the One Pair box and 18 in the Two Pair box. In the Two Pair category, the pairs must be different.
The Three-of-a-Kind and Four-of-a-Kind categories are scored using the total of the needed number of same-faced dice. For instance, 5-5-5-5-6 will score 20 points in Four-of-a-Kind and 15 points in Three-of-a-Kind. This scoring rule is the same as the Four-of-a-Kind scoring used in Yacht.
Full House scores the total of all dice, as in Yacht.
Small Straight and Large Straight have the same definitions as in Yacht. A Small Straight is 1-2-3-4-5 and scores 15 points (the total of the dice faces); the Large Straight is 2-3-4-5-6 and scores 20 points (again the combined value of the dice).
There are no Yahtzee bonuses or Joker rule. Yahtzees can be scored in other categories under the normal scoring rules. For example, a Yahtzee of sixes will score 12 in the One Pair box, 18 in Three-of-a-Kind, 24 in Four-of-a-Kind, 30 in Sixes or Chance and 0 in Two Pair, Full House, Small Straight and Large Straight boxes.

text: Other related games include:

text:
Balut is the name of a Danish dice game played by expatriates in many countries all over the world. The name of the game is taken from balut eggs.
Kismet has dice with multiple colors. Both numbers and colors are taken into account when scoring.
Yamb has several (usually 4) columns filled with special restrictions and MINIMAX categories with the bigger score if the higher is difference between min and max.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: This article appears to contain trivial, minor, or unrelated references to popular culture. Please reorganize this content to explain the subject's impact on popular culture, using references to reliable sources, rather than simply listing appearances. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2018)

text:
Ben "Yahtzee" Croshaw is a British video games critic who takes his pseudonym from the game.[16]
Yahtzee has been cited as a precipitating factor in a case of domestic violence[17] and as the motive for at least one murder.[18]
The word "Yahtzee" has been used to exclaim excitement when a University of Kentucky football recruit commits to attending the school.[19]


document_title: List of Empire episodes

question_text: when does the last episode of empire air

text: List of Empire episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Viewers
(millions)

1
12
January 7, 2015 (2015-01-07)
March 18, 2015 (2015-03-18)
5
17.33[5]

2
18
September 23, 2015 (2015-09-23)
May 18, 2016 (2016-05-18)
5
15.94[6]

3
18
September 21, 2016 (2016-09-21)
May 24, 2017 (2017-05-24)
23
10.37[7]

4
18
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
TBA
TBA
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Lee Daniels
Lee Daniels & Danny Strong
January 7, 2015 (2015-01-07)
1AXP01
9.90[8]

2
2
"The Outspoken King"
Lee Daniels
Danny Strong & Ilene Chaiken
January 14, 2015 (2015-01-14)
1AXP02
10.32[9]

3
3
"The Devil Quotes Scripture"
Sanaa Hamri
Ilene Chaiken & Joshua Allen
January 21, 2015 (2015-01-21)
1AXP03
11.07[10]

4
4
"False Imposition"
Rosemary Rodriguez
Wendy Calhoun
January 28, 2015 (2015-01-28)
1AXP04
11.36[11]

5
5
"Dangerous Bonds"
John Singleton
Malcolm Spellman
February 4, 2015 (2015-02-04)
1AXP05
11.47[12]

6
6
"Out, Damned Spot"
Michael Engler
Eric Haywood
February 11, 2015 (2015-02-11)
1AXP06
11.96[13]

7
7
"Our Dancing Days"
Sanaa Hamri
Attica Locke
February 18, 2015 (2015-02-18)
1AXP07
13.02[14]

8
8
"The Lyon's Roar"
Danny Strong
Danny Strong
February 25, 2015 (2015-02-25)
1AXP08
13.90[15]

9
9
"Unto the Breach"
Anthony Hemingway
David Rambo
March 4, 2015 (2015-03-04)
1AXP09
14.33[16]

10
10
"Sins of the Father"
Rob Hardy
Eddie Gonzalez & Jeremy Haft
March 11, 2015 (2015-03-11)
1AXP10
14.90[17]

11
11
"Die But Once"
Mario Van Peebles
Ilene Chaiken
March 18, 2015 (2015-03-18)
1AXP11
15.82[18]

12
12
"Who I Am"
Debbie Allen
Danny Strong & Ilene Chaiken
March 18, 2015 (2015-03-18)
1AXP12
17.62[18]

text: Season 2 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

13
1
"The Devils Are Here"
Lee Daniels
Danny Strong & Ilene Chaiken
September 23, 2015 (2015-09-23)
2AXP01
16.18[19]

14
2
"Without a Country"
Dee Rees
Carlito Rodriguez
September 30, 2015 (2015-09-30)
2AXP02
13.74[20]

15
3
"Fires of Heaven"
Craig Brewer
Attica Locke
October 7, 2015 (2015-10-07)
2AXP03
13.10[21]

16
4
"Poor Yorick"
Danny Strong
Danny Strong
October 14, 2015 (2015-10-14)
2AXP04
12.22[22]

17
5
"Be True"
Kevin Bray
Wendy Calhoun & Janeika James
October 21, 2015 (2015-10-21)
2AXP05
12.28[23]

18
6
"A High Hope for a Low Heaven"
Mario Van Peebles
Robert Munic
November 4, 2015 (2015-11-04)
2AXP06
11.68[24]

19
7
"True Love Never"
Sylvain White
Ingrid Escajeda
November 11, 2015 (2015-11-11)
2AXP07
11.20[25]

20
8
"My Bad Parts"
Sanaa Hamri
Malcolm Spellman
November 18, 2015 (2015-11-18)
2AXP08
11.34[26]

21
9
"Sinned Against"
Paul McCrane
Eric Haywood
November 25, 2015 (2015-11-25)
2AXP09
9.21[27]

22
10
"Et Tu, Brute?"
Sanaa Hamri
Radha Blank
December 2, 2015 (2015-12-02)
2AXP10
11.81[28]

23
11
"Death Will Have His Day"
Danny Strong
Danny Strong
March 30, 2016 (2016-03-30)
2AXP11
12.46[29]

24
12
"A Rose by Any Other Name"
Michael Engler
Ilene Chaiken
April 6, 2016 (2016-04-06)
2AXP12
11.34[30]

25
13
"The Tameness of a Wolf"
Paris Barclay
Attica Locke & Joshua Allen
April 13, 2016 (2016-04-13)
2AXP13
10.11[31]

26
14
"Time Shall Unfold"
Cherien Dabis
Ayanna Floyd Davis
April 20, 2016 (2016-04-20)
2AXP14
9.56[32]

27
15
"More Than Kin"
Sanaa Hamri
Eric Haywood & Malcolm Spellman
April 27, 2016 (2016-04-27)
2AXP15
10.03[33]

28
16
"The Lyon Who Cried Wolf"
Millicent Shelton
Joshua Allen
May 4, 2016 (2016-05-04)
2AXP16
9.39[34]

29
17
"Rise by Sin"
Paul McCrane
Ayanna Floyd Davis & Jamie Rosengard
May 11, 2016 (2016-05-11)
2AXP17
9.81[35]

30
18
"Past Is Prologue"
Sanaa Hamri
Lee Daniels & Ilene Chaiken
May 18, 2016 (2016-05-18)
2AXP18
10.88[36]

text: Season 3 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

31
1
"Light in Darkness"
Sanaa Hamri
Malcolm Spellman & Joshua Allen
September 21, 2016 (2016-09-21)
3AXP01
10.87[37]

32
2
"Sin That Amends"
Craig Brewer
Cherien Dabis & Carlito Rodriguez
September 28, 2016 (2016-09-28)
3AXP02
9.65[38]

33
3
"What Remains Is Bestial"
Millicent Shelton
Diane Ademu-John & Eric Haywood
October 5, 2016 (2016-10-05)
3AXP03
9.25[39]

34
4
"Cupid Kills"
Hanelle Culpepper
Matt Pyken & Attica Locke
October 12, 2016 (2016-10-12)
3AXP04
9.27[40]

35
5
"One Before Another"
Mario Van Peebles
Joshua Allen & Carlito Rodriguez
November 9, 2016 (2016-11-09)
3AXP05
8.15[41]

36
6
"Chimes at Midnight"
Sanaa Hamri
Cherien Dabis & Eric Haywood
November 16, 2016 (2016-11-16)
3AXP06
8.39[42]

37
7
"What We May Be"
Kevin Bray
Diane Ademu-John & Malcom Spellman
November 30, 2016 (2016-11-30)
3AXP07
7.84[43]

38
8
"The Unkindest Cut"
Dennie Gordon
Attica Locke & Jamie Rosengard
December 7, 2016 (2016-12-07)
3AXP08
7.00[44]

39
9
"A Furnace for Your Foe"
Sanaa Hamri
Ilene Chaiken & Matt Pyken
December 14, 2016 (2016-12-14)
3AXP09
7.58[45]

40
10
"Sound and Fury"
Craig Brewer
Eric Haywood & Carlito Rodriguez
March 22, 2017 (2017-03-22)
3AXP10
7.95[46]

41
11
"Play On"
Benny Boom
Story by: Malcolm Spellman
Teleplay by: Janeika James & Jasheika James
March 29, 2017 (2017-03-29)
3AXP11
6.91[47]

42
12
"Strange Bedfellows"
Bille Woodruff
Matt Pyken & Attica Locke
April 5, 2017 (2017-04-05)
3AXP12
6.35[48]

43
13
"My Naked Villainy"
Cherien Dabis
Joshua Allen & Jamie Rosengard
April 12, 2017 (2017-04-12)
3AXP13
6.59[49]

44
14
"Love is a Smoke"
Tricia Brock
Diane Ademu-John & Cherien Dabis
April 26, 2017 (2017-04-26)
3AXP14
6.31[50]

45
15
"Civil Hands Unclean"
Howard Deutch
Ilene Chaiken & Carlito Rodriguez
May 3, 2017 (2017-05-03)
3AXP15
5.60[51]

46
16
"Absent Child"
Millicent Shelton
Attica Locke & Malcolm Spellman
May 10, 2017 (2017-05-10)
3AXP16
6.32[52]

47
17
"Toil & Trouble, Pt. 1"
Craig Brewer
Diane Ademu-John & Eric Haywood
May 17, 2017 (2017-05-17)
3AXP17
6.14[53]

48
18
"Toil & Trouble, Pt. 2"
Sanaa Hamri
Ilene Chaiken & Joshua Allen
May 24, 2017 (2017-05-24)
3AXP18
6.94[54]

text: Season 4 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Production
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

49
1
"Noble Memory"
Sanaa Hamri
Brett Mahoney
September 27, 2017 (2017-09-27)
4AXP01
7.05[55]

50
2
"Full Circle"
Craig Brewer
Craig Brewer & Eric Haywood
October 4, 2017 (2017-10-04)
4AXP02
5.89[56]

51
3
"Evil Manners"
Bille Woodruff
Matt Pyken & Carlito Rodriguez
October 11, 2017 (2017-10-11)
4AXP03
5.93[57]

52
4
"Bleeding War"
Sanaa Hamri
Diane Ademu-John & Jamie Rosengard
October 18, 2017 (2017-10-18)
4AXP04
5.65[58]

53
5
"The Fool"
Howie Deutch
Janeika James & Jasheika James
November 8, 2017 (2017-11-08)
4AXP05
5.40[59]

54
6
"Fortune Be Not Crost"
Sanaa Hamri
Joshua Allen & Dianne Houston
November 15, 2017 (2017-11-15)
4AXP06
6.05[60]

55
7
"The Lady Doth Protest"
Karen Gaviola
Matt Pyken & Eric Haywood
November 29, 2017 (2017-11-29)
4AXP07
5.05[61]

56
8
"Cupid Painted Blind"
Elizabeth Allen Rosenbaum
Diane Ademu-John & Carlito Rodriguez
December 6, 2017 (2017-12-06)
4AXP08
5.70[62]

57
9
"Slave to Memory"
Sanaa Hamri
Joshua Allen & Dianne Houston
December 13, 2017 (2017-12-13)
4AXP09
5.95[63]

58
10
"Birds in the Cage"
Craig Brewer
Craig Brewer
March 28, 2018 (2018-03-28)
4AXP10
6.22[64]

59
11
"Without Apology"[65]
Peyton Alex Smith
Michael Rainey Jr.
April 4, 2018 (2018-04-04)
4AXP11
TBD

60
12
"Sweet Sorrow"[66]
Sierra McClain
Irv Gotti
April 11, 2018 (2018-04-11)
4AXP12
TBD

61
13
"Of Hardiness is Mother"[67]
Omari Hardwick
Naturi Naughton
April 18, 2018 (2018-04-18)
4AXP13
TBD

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13
Ep. 14
Ep. 15
Ep. 16
Ep. 17
Ep. 18

1
9.90
10.32
11.07
11.36
11.47
11.96
13.02
13.90
14.33
14.90
15.82
17.62
N/A

2
16.18
13.74
13.10
12.22
12.28
11.68
11.20
11.34
9.21
11.81
12.46
11.34
10.11
9.56
10.03
9.39
9.81
10.88

3
10.87
9.65
9.25
9.27
8.15
8.39
7.84
7.00
7.58
7.95
6.91
6.35
6.59
6.31
5.60
6.32
6.14
6.94

4
7.05
5.89
5.93
5.65
5.40
6.05
5.05
5.70
5.95
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD