document_title: List of Presidents of the United States on currency

question_text: when did they start putting presidents on money

question_tokens: when did they start putting presidents on money

text: List of Presidents of the United States on currency

text: United States[edit]

text: Note: Series dates listed for United States paper money represents a specific issue or set of issues. Different series may represent minor or major design changes, or no design change (series listed on the same line). Only a variety of a President's portrait used on paper money is noted next to the series date.

text: 23 U.S. Presidents have appeared on U.S. coin and paper currency (As of March 2017[update]). By law (31 U.S.C. § 5114), "only the portrait of a deceased individual may appear on United States currency." The Secretary of the Treasury usually determines which people and which of their portraits appear on the nation's currency, however legislation passed by Congress can also determine currency design.[1] Presidents appearing on U.S. currency are (in order of service):

text: George Washington[edit]

text: Coins for circulation[edit]

text: Quarter dollars[edit]

text:
1932; 1934–1964 (90% silver) quarter dollar
1965–1998 (copper-nickel) quarter dollar. The reverse only changed in 1975 and 1976 when the double dated coins showing 1776–1976 were minted to celebrate the U.S. Bicentennial.
1999–2008 50 State Quarters Series (obverse)

1999 New Jersey state quarter (reverse) (Washington Crossing the Delaware)
2006 South Dakota state quarter (reverse) (Mount Rushmore)

2009 District of Columbia and United States Territories Quarters
2010–present America the Beautiful Quarters

text: Dollars[edit]

text: 2007 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2007.

text: Commemorative coins[edit]

text: 1900 commemorative silver Lafayette dollar

text:
1926 commemorative half dollar – 150th anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence
1982 commemorative half dollar – 250th anniversary of Washington's birth
1991 Mount Rushmore commemorative series

Half dollar
Silver dollar
$5 gold piece

1999 $5 gold commemorative piece – 200th anniversary of Washington's death; an alternate design not chosen for the 1932 Washington quarter
2008 $10 Gold Coin, First Spouse Program, Dolley Madison, (reverse)

text: Banknotes[edit]

text:
Compound Interest Treasury Note

$100 (with a vignette of George Washington standing)
$500

Interest Bearing Note

$1000

text:
Fractional currency

10¢ and 50¢ first issues
5¢, 10¢, 25¢, and 50¢ second issue
3¢, and 10¢ third issue
25¢ fourth issue

United States Note

$1 Series of 1869
$1 Series of 1874, 1875 A—E, 1878
$1 Series of 1880
$1 Series of 1917
$1 Series of 1923

text:
Silver certificate

$1 Series of 1896 "Educational Series" (portrait on back)
$1 Series of 1923
$1 Series of 1928
$1 Series of 1934, A—E
$1 Series 1935, A—H
$1 Series 1957, A—B
$2 Series of 1899

text:
Gold Certificate

$20 Series of 1905 (with reversed left-facing instead of right-facing portrait)
$20 Series of 1906 (with reversed left-facing instead of right-facing portrait)
$20 Series of 1922 (with reversed left-facing instead of right-facing portrait)

Federal Reserve Bank Note

$1 Series of 1918

Federal Reserve Note

All $1 Federal Reserve Notes since Series 1963

text: John Adams[edit]

text: Coin for circulation

text: 2007 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2007.

text: Banknotes

text:
National Bank Notes

All $100 first charter period (on back in the engraved version of Trumbull's Declaration of Independence painting)

Federal Reserve Notes

All $2 (on back in the engraved version of Trumbull's Declaration of Independence painting)

text: Thomas Jefferson[edit]

text: Coins for circulation[edit]

text: Five cents[edit]

text:
1938–1942, 1946–2003 (copper-nickel) nickel with Monticello on the reverse
1942–1945 (35% silver) nickel; wartime composition. The mint mark for these types are located above the Monticello. It helps distinguish between the 1942 types.
2004 nickel Westward Journey Series

Louisiana Purchase
Lewis and Clark

2005 nickel Westward Journey Series

American bison (similar to pre-Jefferson buffalo nickel reverse)
"Ocean in view! O! The Joy!" (quote by William Clark)

2006—present nickel "Return to Monticello" with a forward-facing Jefferson and the Monticello returns on the reverse.

text: Quarter dollar[edit]

text: 2006 South Dakota state quarter reverse (Mount Rushmore)

text: Dollar[edit]

text: 2007 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2007.

text: Commemorative coins[edit]

text:
1903 commemorative gold dollar – issued for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
1991 Mount Rushmore commemorative coin series

Half dollar
Silver dollar
$5 gold piece

1993 commemorative silver dollar – 250th anniversary of Jefferson's birth

text: Banknotes[edit]

text:
Fractional currency

5¢ and 25¢ first issue

text:
United States Note

$2 Series of 1869
$2 Series of 1874, 1875, 1878
$2 Series of 1880
$2 Series of 1917
$2 Series of 1928, A—G
$2 Series 1953, A—C
$2 Series 1963, A

text:
Federal Reserve Bank Note

$2 Series of 1918

Federal Reserve Note

All $2 Federal Reserve Notes since Series 1976 appearing on front and reverse.

text: James Madison[edit]

text: Coin for circulation

text: 2007 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2007.

text: Commemorative coins

text:
1993 Bill of Rights commemorative coin series

Half dollar
Silver dollar
$5 gold piece
$500000 gold ingot

text: Banknotes

text:
United States Note

$5000 1878 (no series date)

Gold Certificate

$5000 Series of 1870 and 1875
$5000 1882 [DEPARTMENT SERIES]
$5000 Series of 1888
$5000 Series of 1882
$5000 Series of 1928

Federal Reserve Note

$5000 Series of 1914
All $5000 small size Federal Reserve Notes

text: James Monroe[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text:
1999 New Jersey state quarter reverse (Washington Crossing the Delaware)
2008 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2008.

text: Commemorative coin

text: 1923 Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar, featuring profiles of Monroe and John Quincy Adams.

text: John Quincy Adams[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2008 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2008.

text: Commemorative coin

text: 1923 Monroe Doctrine Centennial half dollar, featuring profiles of Adams and James Monroe

text: Banknotes

text:
United States Note

$500 Series of 1869

text: Andrew Jackson[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2008 Dollar (obverse), (released August 14, 2008) 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2008.

text: Banknotes

text:
United States Note

$5 Series of 1869
$5 Series of 1875, 1878
$5 Series of 1880
$5 Series of 1907
$10 Series of 1923
$10,000 1878 (no series date)

Gold Certificate

$20 Series of 1928
$10,000 Series of 1870 and 1875
$10,000 1882 [DEPARTMENT SERIES]
$10,000 Series of 1888
$10,000 Series of 1900

Federal Reserve Bank Note

$10 Series of 1915
$10 Series of 1918
$20 Series of 1929

National Bank Note

$20 Series of 1929

Federal Reserve Note

$10 Series of 1914
All $20 small size Federal Reserve Notes

Series of 1928–1995
Series 1996–2003 (with redesigned enlarged portrait)
Series 2004–2006 (with redesigned enlarged portrait)
Series 2020 (moved to backside, Harriet Tubman on frontside)[2]

text: Martin Van Buren[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2008 Dollar (obverse), (released November 13, 2008) 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2008.

text: William H. Harrison[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2009 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2009.

text: John Tyler[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2009 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2009.

text: James K. Polk[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2009 Dollar (obverse), (released on August 20, 2009) 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2009.

text: Zachary Taylor[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2009 Dollar (obverse), (released November 19, 2009) 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2009.

text: Millard Fillmore[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2010 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2010.

text: Franklin Pierce[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2010 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2010.

text: James Buchanan[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2010 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2010.

text: Abraham Lincoln[edit]

text: Coins for circulation[edit]

text: One cent[edit]

text:
1909–1942, 1944–1958 (95% copper, 5% zinc and tin) Wheat Ears cent a.k.a. "Wheat penny"
1943 (zinc-plated steel) Wheat cent
1959–1962 (95% copper, 5% zinc and tin ) Lincoln Memorial cent
1963-mid 1982 (95% copper, 5% zinc ) Lincoln Memorial cent[3]
1982–2008 (copper-plated zinc) Lincoln Memorial cent
2009 Lincoln bicentennial of birth commemorative cent series, 4 different designs on reverse [4]

Birth and early childhood in Kentucky
Formative years in Indiana
Professional life in Illinois
Presidency in Washington, D.C.

2010–present (zinc-plated copper) Shield Penny

text: Quarter dollar[edit]

text:
2003 Illinois state quarter reverse "Land of Lincoln"
2006 South Dakota state quarter reverse (Mount Rushmore)

text: Dollar[edit]

text: 2010 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2010.

text: Commemorative coins[edit]

text:
1918 commemorative half dollar – Illinois 100th statehood anniversary
1991 Mount Rushmore commemorative coin series

Half dollar
Silver dollar
$5 gold piece

2009 Silver dollar commemorating Lincoln's 200th anniversary of birth (Gettysburg Address) [5]

text: Banknotes[edit]

text:
$10 Demand Note
$20 Compound Interest Treasury Note
$20 Interest Bearing Note
Fractional currency

50¢ fourth issue (with left-facing portrait)

text:
United States Note

$5 Series of 1928, A—F
$5 Series 1953, A—C
$5 Series 1963
$10 Act of 1862 and 1863
$100 Series of 1869
$100 Series of 1875, 1878
$100 Series of 1880

Gold Certificate

$500 Series of 1882
$500 Series of 1922

text:
Silver certificate

$1 Series of 1899
$5 Series of 1923
$5 Series of 1934 A—D
$5 Series 1953 A—C

Federal Reserve Bank Note

$5 Series of 1915
$5 Series of 1918
$5 Series of 1929

National Bank Note

$5 Series of 1929

text:
Federal Reserve Note

$5 Series of 1914
All small size $5 Federal Reserve Notes

Series of 1928—Series 1995
Series 1996—2003A (with redesigned enlarged portrait)

text: Andrew Johnson[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2011 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2011.

text: Ulysses S. Grant[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2011 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2011.

text: Commemorative coins

text:
1922 commemorative half dollar – 100th anniversary of Grant's birth
1922 commemorative gold dollar – 100th anniversary of Grant's birth

text: Banknotes

text:
Silver certificate

$1 Series of 1899 (with small left-facing instead of right-facing portrait)
$5 1886 DEPARTMENT SERIES
$5 Series of 1891
$5 Series of 1896 "Educational Series" (portrait on back)

Gold Certificate

$50 Series of 1913
$50 Series of 1922

Federal Reserve Bank Note

$50 Series of 1918 issued only by the St. Louis Federal Reserve Bank
$50 Series of 1929

National Bank Note

$50 Series of 1929

Federal Reserve Note

$50 Series of 1914
All $50 small size Federal Reserve Notes

Series of 1928—Series 1995
Series 1996–2003 (with redesigned larger portrait)
Series 2004A (with redesigned larger portrait)

text: Rutherford B. Hayes[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2011 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2011.

text: James A. Garfield[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2011 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2011.

text: Banknotes

text:
National Bank Notes

All $5 second charter period

Gold Certificate

$20 Series of 1882

text: Chester A. Arthur[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2012 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2012.

text: Grover Cleveland[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text:
2012 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2012.
2012 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2012.

text: Banknotes

text:
Federal Reserve Note

$20 Series of 1914
All $1000 small size Federal Reserve Notes

Gold Certificate

$1000 Series of 1928
$1000 Series of 1934

text: Benjamin Harrison[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2012 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2012.

text: Banknotes

text:
National Bank Notes

All $5 third charter period

text: William McKinley[edit]

text: Commemorative coins

text:
1903 commemorative gold dollar – issued for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition
1916 and 1917 commemorative dollar – commemorate McKinley's death

text: Banknotes

text:
National Bank Notes

All $10 third charter period

Gold Certificate

$500 Series of 1928

Federal Reserve Notes

All $500 small size

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2013 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2013.

text: Theodore Roosevelt[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text:
2006 South Dakota state quarter (Mount Rushmore)
2013 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2013.
2016 Quarter Dollar (reverse), 4th of five America's National Park Commemorative Quarters to be issued later in the year.

text: Commemorative coins

text:
1991 Mount Rushmore commemorative coin series

Half dollar
Silver dollar
$5 gold piece

text: William Howard Taft[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2013 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2013.

text: Woodrow Wilson[edit]

text: Banknotes

text:
Gold Certificate

$100,000 Series of 1934

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2013 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2013.

text: Warren G. Harding[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2014 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2014.

text: Calvin Coolidge[edit]

text: Commemorative coin

text:
1926 commemorative half dollar – 150th anniversary of the signing of the
Declaration of Independence
2014 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2014.

text: Herbert Hoover[edit]

text: Commemorative coin

text: 2014 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2014.

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text:
1946 – 1964 (90% silver) dime
1965 – present (copper-nickel) dime

text: Commemorative coin

text:
1997 $5 gold commemorative coin
2014 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2014.

text: Harry S. Truman[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2015 Dollar (obverse), 1st of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2015.

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text:
1971–1978 Eisenhower Dollar coin. The reverse only changed in 1975 and 1976 when the double dated coins showing 1776–1976 were minted to celebrate the U.S. Bicentennial.
2015 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2015.

text: Commemorative coins

text: 1990 Eisenhower commemorative dollar – 100th anniversary of Eisenhower's birth

text: John F. Kennedy[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text:
1964 (90% silver) half dollar (silver proofs from 1992–present also have this composition)
1965–1970 half dollar (40% silver)
1971–present half dollar (copper-nickel) The reverse only changed in 1975 and 1976 when the double dated coins showing 1776–1976 were minted to celebrate the U.S. Bicentennial.
2015 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of four U.S. Presidents, issued in 2015.

text: Lyndon B. Johnson[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2015 Dollar (obverse), 4th of four U.S. Presidents issued in 2015.

text: Richard Nixon[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2016 Dollar (obverse), 1st of three U.S. Presidents issued in 2016.

text: Gerald Ford[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2016 Dollar (obverse), 2nd of three U.S. Presidents issued in 2016.

text: Ronald Reagan[edit]

text: Coins for circulation

text: 2016 Dollar (obverse), 3rd of three U.S. Presidents to be issued in 2016.

text: Presidential dollar coin series[edit]

text:
2007 – George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison [6]
2008 – James Monroe, John Quincy Adams, Andrew Jackson, Martin Van Buren
2009 – William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, James K. Polk, Zachary Taylor
2010 – Millard Fillmore, Franklin Pierce, James Buchanan, Abraham Lincoln
2011 – Andrew Johnson, Ulysses S. Grant, Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield
2012 – Chester A. Arthur, Grover Cleveland, Benjamin Harrison, Grover Cleveland
2013 – William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson
2014 – Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, Herbert Hoover, Franklin D. Roosevelt
2015 – Harry S. Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson
2016 – Richard Nixon, Gerald Ford, Ronald Reagan.

text: * Note: The remaining Presidents (Jimmy Carter, George H. W. Bush, Bill Clinton, George W. Bush, Barack Obama, Donald Trump) were not eligible to be honored because they were still alive in 2017.

text: Confederate States of America[edit]

text: Andrew Jackson[edit]

text: $1000 1861 Montgomery, Alabama note, with Jackson's first Vice President, John C. Calhoun at left.[7]

text: George Washington[edit]

text:
$50 1861 (Washington at left, and allegories at right and center)
$50 July 25, 1861, 1862 (Washington at center and allegory at left)
$100 July 25, 1861, 1862

text: State issues [8]

text:
$1 Louisiana, 1864
$2 Tallahassee, Florida, 1861
$3 Tallahassee, Florida, 1861
$5 Treasury Warrant note for military service, Texas, 1862
$20 Virginia, 1861
$100 Virginia, 1862

text: Philippine Islands, Commonwealth of the Philippines, Republic of the Philippines[edit]

text: William McKinley[edit]

text:
5 Peso Series of 1903 and 1910 Silver Certificate
5 Peso Series of 1916, and 1921 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note
5 Peso Series of 1937 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note (with Commonwealth Seal in red)
5 Peso Series of 1918 and 1924 Treasury Certificate (large portrait)
5 Peso Series of 1937 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note (with Commonwealth Seal in red)
5 Peso Series of 1929, 1936, 1941, and "Victory" Series No. 66 Treasury Certificate (with small portrait at left coincide with Admiral George Dewey, starting 1936 it had the seal of the Commonwealth in red and in the "Victory" Series No. 66 in blue)

text: Ronald Reagan[edit]

text:
25 Piso 1982, silver coin, (portrait with President Marcos), KM#235
25 Piso 1986, silver coin, commemorating President Aquino's visit to Washington, KM#246
2500 Piso 1986, gold coin, commemorating President Aquino's visit to Washington, KM#247

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt[edit]

text: 1 Peso 1936, silver coin, Establishment of Commonwealth (portrait with President Quezon), KM#177

text: George Washington[edit]

text:
10 Peso Series of 1903 and 1912 Silver Certificate
10 Peso Series of 1916 and 1921 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note
5 Peso Series of 1937 Philippine National Bank Circulating Note (with Commonwealth Seal in red)
10 Peso Series of 1918 and 1924 Treasury Certificate (with small portrait similar to modern U.S. $1 bill)
10 Peso Series of 1929, 1936, 1941, and "Victory" Series No. 66 Treasury Certificate (with right-facing portrait similar to 1999 $5 commemorative gold coin, starting 1936 it had the seal of Commonwealth in red and in the "Victory" Series No. 66 in blue)

text: U.S. Presidential appearances on other coins and currency around the world[edit]

text: The Bahamas[edit]

text: In 1991, a 12-coin silver five-dollar series was issued in the Bahamas commemorating the 500th anniversary of European discovery of the Americas. Three of those coins showed images of U.S. presidents, with the coat of arms of the Bahamas on the obverse side.

text: Thomas Jefferson

text: $5, 1991, silver, with Independence Hall – Declaration of Independence KM#143

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: $5 1991, silver, with Abolition of Slavery KM#145

text: Theodore Roosevelt

text: $5 1991, silver, with Panama Canal KM#149

text: Cook Islands[edit]

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: $50, 1990, silver, with United States Capitol dome KM#48

text: Thomas Jefferson

text: $50, 1993, gold, KM#175

text: George Washington

text: $50 1993, gold, KM#173

text: Cuba[edit]

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: 1 Peso, 1993 1 peso, copper, commemorative, shows U.S.A (lower 48) and broken chains in background, Cuban shield on obverse. KM#509

text: Isle of Man[edit]

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower

text: 1 Crown, 1994

text: George Washington

text:
1 Crown, 1976 copper-nickel (KM#37) and a silver (KM#37a) commemorative, Bicentenary of American Independence, with Queen Elizabeth II on the obverse.
In 1989, a four coin 1 crown set was issued in both copper-nickel and silver featuring the Bicentenary of George Washington's Presidential Inauguration.

1 Crown, with James Monroe holding the flag – Crossing the Delaware 1776

copper-nickel KM#246, silver KM#246a

1 Crown, (large portrait)

copper-nickel KM#247, silver KM#247a

1 Crown, (small portrait surrounded by a wreath containing eight stars and an eagle)

copper-nickel KM#248, silver KM#248a

1 Crown, taking the oath of office

copper-nickel KM#249, silver KM#249a

text: Eleven Presidents on one coin

text:
1987, 4 coin proof set, commemorating the Bicentenary of America's Constitution features the Statue of Liberty surrounded by these U.S. Presidents in clockwise order; Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, George Washington, James Monroe, Abraham Lincoln, Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Roosevelt, Dwight Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan

1/2 Crown, gold, KM187
1 Crown, copper-nickel, KM#176
5 Crown, silver, 65.1 mm (3 in), KM#177
10 Crowns, silver, 75 mm (3 in), KM#188

text: Liberia[edit]

text: These are all commemoratives issued in Liberia featuring images of U.S. Presidents with a Liberian arms symbol on the obverse side;

text: George H. W. Bush

text:
1989 inaugural series

$10 silver KM#57
$250 gold KM#58

text: George W. Bush

text: $5 2001, inaugural, shows profile with Dick Cheney

text: Bill Clinton

text:
1993 inaugural series

$5 silver KM#67
$10 silver KM#68
$50 silver KM#69
$100 silver KM#70
$250 gold KM#71

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower

text: $10 1994, silver (25th anniversary of his death) KM#157

text: William H. Harrison

text: $5 2000

text: John F. Kennedy

text:
1988 series 25th anniversary of death

$10 silver KM#54
$250 gold KM#52

1993 series 30th anniversary of death

$5 silver, KM#103
$10 silver, KM#104
$250 gold, KM#105

$10 1999, silver In Memory of John F. Kennedy, Jr., conjoined busts similar to U.S. half dollar KM#424

text: Richard Nixon

text:
1996 series with Chairman Mao Zedong

$1 copper-nickel, KM#255
$5 silver, KM#261
$10 silver, KM#262

text: Ronald Reagan

text:
1998 series with Abraham Lincoln statue

$1 copper-nickel, KM#386
$10 silver, KM#387
$100 gold, KM#388

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text:
1995 portrait series

$1 copper-nickel, KM#141
$10 silver, KM#146
$100 gold, KM#151

1995 series, Cairo Conference, includes Winston Churchill and Chiang Kai-shek

$1 copper-nickel, KM#164
$10 silver, KM#165
$100 gold, KM#166

text: Harry S Truman

text:
1995 series

$1 copper-nickel, KM#143
$10 silver, KM#148
$100 gold, KM#153

text: Marshall Islands[edit]

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower

text:
1990 series, saluting in uniform

$5 copper-nickel, KM#38
$50 silver, KM#39

text: John F. Kennedy

text: $50 1995, silver, taking oath of office, KM#275

text: Niue[edit]

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower

text:
1990 series, in uniform

$5 copper-nickel, KM#29
$50 silver, KM#30
$200 gold, KM#45

text: John F. Kennedy

text:
1988 series, "Ich bin ein Berliner" quote

$5 copper-nickel, KM#17
$50 silver, KM#18
$100 silver, KM#19
$250 gold, KM#20

$25 1994 (KM#79), 1997 (4 types, KM#82, 96, 97, 98), gold, taking oath of office
$50 1993, gold, Apollo, KM#65
$50 1993, gold, KM#66

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt

text:
1990 series "A date which will live in infamy" quote

$5 copper-nickel, KM#35
$50 silver, KM#36
$200 gold, KM#52

text: Paraguay[edit]

text: John F. Kennedy

text:
1500 Guaranies, 1974, gold, KM#126
3000 Guaranies, 1974, gold, KM#138
4500 Guaranies, 1974, gold, KM#146

text: Abraham Lincoln

text: 3000 Guaranies, 1974, gold, KM#131

text: Turks and Caicos Islands[edit]

text: Dwight D. Eisenhower

text: 5 Crowns, 1994, copper-nickel, 50th Anniversary – Normandy Landing, KM#176

text: Franklin Roosevelt

text: 20 Crowns, 1995, silver, with Churchill and Stalin, KM#137

text: George Washington

text:
1976 series, facing King George III – U.S. Bicentennial

20 Crowns, silver, KM#13
50 Crowns, gold, KM#15

text: United Arab Emirates[edit]

text: Al-Fujairah Richard Nixon

text:
2 Riyals, 1969 (AH1388), 1970 (AH1389), silver, KM#2
25 Riyals, 1969 (AH1388), 1970 (AH1389), gold, KM#7

text: Ras al-Khaimah Dwight D. Eisenhower

text: 10 Riyals, 1970, silver, memorial, KM#31

text: Sharjah John F. Kennedy

text: 5 Rupees, 1965, silver, memorial, KM#1

text: Western Samoa[edit]

text: Franklin D. Roosevelt 1981 series, sitting in wheelchair

text:
1 Tala, copper-nickel, KM#47
10 Tala, silver, KM#48


document_title: Black Panther (comics)

question_text: when did the black panther comic book originate

question_tokens: when did the black panther comic book originate

root

text: Black Panther (comics)

text: Concept and creation[edit]

text: Name[edit]

text: The Black Panther's name predates the October 1966 founding of the Black Panther Party, though not the black panther logo of the party's predecessor, the Lowndes County Freedom Organization (LCFO), nor the segregated World War II Black Panthers Tank Battalion.[2][3] Stan Lee, co-creator of the comic, denied that the comic was named after any of the political uses of the term "black panther", including the LCFO, citing "a strange coincidence".[4] He is the first black superhero in American mainstream comic books; very few black heroes were created before him, and none with actual superpowers. These included the characters in the single-issue, low-distribution All-Negro Comics #1 (1947); Waku, Prince of the Bantu, who starred in his own feature in the omnibus title Jungle Tales, from Marvel's 1950s predecessor, Atlas Comics; and the Dell Comics Western character Lobo, the first black person to star in his own comic book. Previous non-caricatured black supporting characters in comics include U.S. Army infantry private Gabriel Jones of Sgt. Fury and his Howling Commandos.

tag: p

text: In a guest appearance in Fantastic Four #119 (Feb. 1972), the Black Panther briefly tried using the name Black Leopard to avoid connotations with the Party, but the new name did not last.[5] The character's name was changed back to Black Panther in Avengers #105, with T'Challa explaining that renaming himself made as much sense as altering the Scarlet Witch's name, and he is not a stereotype.[6]

text: Co-creator Stan Lee recounted that the name was inspired by a pulp adventure hero who has a black panther as a helper.[7] Jack Kirby's original concept art for Black Panther used the concept name Coal Tiger.[8]

text: Publication history[edit]

text: Following his debut in Fantastic Four #52–53 (July–Aug. 1966) and subsequent guest appearance in Fantastic Four Annual #5 (1967) and with Captain America in Tales of Suspense #97–100 (Jan.– April 1968), the Black Panther journeyed from the fictional African nation of Wakanda to New York City to join the titular American superhero team in The Avengers #52 (May 1968), appearing in that comic for the next few years. During his time with the Avengers, he made solo guest-appearances in three issues of Daredevil, and fought Doctor Doom in Astonishing Tales #6–7 (June & Aug. 1971), in that supervillain's short-lived starring feature.

text: He received his first starring feature with Jungle Action #5 (July 1973), a reprint of the Panther-centric story in The Avengers #62 (March 1969). A new series began running the following issue, written by Don McGregor, with art by pencilers Rich Buckler, Gil Kane, and Billy Graham, and which gave inkers Klaus Janson and Bob McLeod some of their first professional exposure. The critically acclaimed[9] series ran in Jungle Action #6–24 (Sept. 1973 – Nov. 1976).[10]

text: One now-common format McGregor pioneered was that of the self-contained, multi-issue story arc.[11] The first, "Panther's Rage", ran through the first 13 issues. Critic Jason Sacks has called the arc "Marvel's first graphic novel":

text: [T]here were real character arcs in Spider-Man and the Fantastic Four [comics] over time. But ... "Panther's Rage" is the first comic that was created from start to finish as a complete novel. Running in two years' issues of Jungle Action (#s 6 through 18), "Panther's Rage" is a 200-page novel that journeys to the heart of the African nation of Wakanda, a nation ravaged by a revolution against its king, T'Challa, the Black Panther.[11]

text: The second and final arc, "Panther vs. the Klan", ran as mostly 17-page stories in Jungle Action #19–24 (Jan.–Nov. 1976), except for issue #23, a reprint of Daredevil #69 (Oct. 1970), in which the Black Panther guest-starred.[10] The subject matter of the Ku Klux Klan was considered controversial in the Marvel offices at the time, creating difficulties for the creative team.[12]

text: African-American writer-editor Dwayne McDuffie said of the Jungle Action "Black Panther" feature:

text: This overlooked and underrated classic is arguably the most tightly written multi-part superhero epic ever. If you can get your hands on it ... sit down and read the whole thing. It's damn-near flawless, every issue, every scene, a functional, necessary part of the whole. Okay, now go back and read any individual issue. You'll find seamlessly integrated words and pictures; clearly introduced characters and situations; a concise (sometimes even transparent) recap; beautifully developed character relationships; at least one cool new villain; a stunning action set piece to test our hero's skills and resolve; and a story that is always moving forward towards a definite and satisfying conclusion. That's what we should all be delivering, every single month. Don [McGregor] and company did it in only 17 story pages per issue.[9]

text: Though popular with college students, the overall sales of Jungle Action were low,[13] and Marvel relaunched the Black Panther in a self-titled series, bringing in the character's co-creator Jack Kirby—newly returned to Marvel after having decamped to rival DC Comics for a time—as writer, penciler, and editor. However, Kirby wanted to work on new characters and was unhappy at being assigned a series starring a character he had already worked with extensively.[14] He left the series after only 12 issues and was replaced by Ed Hannigan (writer), Jerry Bingham (penciler), and Roger Stern (editor). Black Panther ran 15 issues (Jan. 1977 – May 1979).[15] Due to the series's cancellation, the contents of what would have been Black Panther #16–18 were published in Marvel Premiere #51–53.

text: A four-issue miniseries, Black Panther vol. 2,[16] (July–Oct. 1988) was written by Peter B. Gillis and penciled by Denys Cowan.[17] McGregor revisited his Panther saga with Gene Colan in "Panther's Quest", published as 25 eight-page installments within the bi-weekly anthology series Marvel Comics Presents (issues #13–37, Feb.–Dec. 1989).[18] He later teamed with artist Dwayne Turner in the square-bound miniseries Black Panther: Panther's Prey (Sept. 1990 – March 1991).[19] McGregor conceived a fifth arc in his Black Panther saga, titled "Panther's Vows", but it failed to get off the ground.[13]

text: Writer Christopher Priest's and penciller Mark Texeira's 1998 series The Black Panther vol. 3 used Erik Killmonger, Venomm, and other characters introduced in "Panther's Rage", together with new characters such as State Department attorney Everett Ross; the Black Panther's adopted brother, Hunter; and the Panther's protégé, Queen Divine Justice. The Priest-Texeira series was under the Marvel Knights imprint in its first year. Priest said the creation of character Ross contributed heavily to his decision to write the series. "I realized I could use Ross to bridge the gap between the African culture that the Black Panther mythos is steeped in and the predominantly white readership that Marvel sells to," adding that in his opinion, the Black Panther had been misused in the years after his creation.[20]

text: The last 13 issues (#50–62) saw the main character replaced by a multiracial New York City police officer named Kasper Cole, with T'Challa relegated to a supporting character. This Black Panther, who became the White Tiger, was placed in the series The Crew, running concurrently with the final few Black Panther issues. The Crew was canceled with issue #7.

text: In 2005, Marvel began publishing Black Panther vol. 4,[21] which ran 41 issues (April 2005 – Nov. 2008).[22] It was initially written by filmmaker Reginald Hudlin (through issue #38) and penciled by John Romita, Jr. (through #6). Hudlin said he wanted to add "street cred" to the title, although he noted that the book was not necessarily or primarily geared toward an African-American readership.[23] As influences for his characterization of the character, Hudlin has cited comic character Batman, film director Spike Lee, and music artist Sean Combs.[23] Other influences include historical figures such as 14th-century Mali Empire sultan Mansa Musa and 20th-century Jamaican activist Marcus Garvey, as well as Biblical figures such as Ham and Canaan.[24]

text: Black Panther vol. 5[25] launched in February 2009, with Hudlin, again scripting, introducing a successor Black Panther, T'Challa's sister Shuri.[26][27][28] Hudlin co-wrote issue #7 with Jonathan Maberry, who then became the new writer,[29] joined by artist Will Conrad.[30] The Panther was also a featured player, with members of the Fantastic Four and the X-Men, in the Doctor Doom-based, six-issue miniseries Doomwar (April–Sept. 2010).[31]

text: T'Challa then accepted an invitation from Matt Murdock, the superhero Daredevil, to become the new protector of New York City's Hell's Kitchen neighborhood. He became the lead character in Daredevil beginning with issue #513 (Feb. 2011), when that series was retitled Black Panther: The Man Without Fear.[32] Under writer David Liss and artist Francesco Francavilla, he took on the identity of Mr. Okonkwo, an immigrant from the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and becomes the owner of a small diner in order to be close to the people.[33]

text: A new Black Panther series written by Ta-Nehisi Coates and drawn by Brian Stelfreeze was launched in 2016 and continues to be published with Coates as the head writer.[34][35][36]

text: In 2017, the afrofuturist writer Nnedi Okorafor wrote the series Black Panther: Long Live the King.[37]

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: This section describes a work or element of fiction in a primarily in-universe style. Please help rewrite it to explain the fiction more clearly and provide non-fictional perspective. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

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text: Early life and background[edit]

text: The Black Panther is the ceremonial title given to the chief of the Panther Tribe of the advanced African nation of Wakanda. In addition to ruling the country, he is also chief of its various tribes (collectively referred to as the Wakandas). The Panther habit is a symbol of office (head of state) and is used even during diplomatic missions. The Panther is a hereditary title, but one must still earn it.

text: In the distant past, a meteorite made of the (fictional) vibration-absorbing mineral vibranium crashed in Wakanda, and was unearthed. Reasoning that outsiders would exploit Wakanda for this valuable resource, the ruler, King T'Chaka, like his father and other Panthers before him, concealed his country from the outside world. T'Chaka's first wife N'Yami died while in labor with T'Challa, and his second wife Ramonda was taken prisoner by Anton Pretorius during a visit to her homeland of South Africa, so for most of his childhood T'Challa was raised by his father alone.[38] T'Chaka was murdered by the adventurer Ulysses Klaw in an attempt to seize the vibranium mound. With his people still in danger, a young T'Challa used Klaw's sound weapon on Klaw and his men, shattering Klaw's right hand and forcing him to flee.[39]

text: T'Challa was next in line to be the king of Wakanda and Black Panther, but until he was ready to become the leader of the nation, his uncle S'yan (T'Chaka's younger brother) successfully passed the trials to become the Black Panther. While on his Wakandan walkabout rite of passage, T'Challa met and fell in love with apparent orphaned teen Ororo Munroe, who would grow up to become the X-Men member Storm.[40] The two broke off their relationship due to his desire to avenge his father's death and to become the type of man who could suitably lead Wakanda, but they would see each other over the years when they could.

text: T'Challa earned the title and attributes of the Black Panther by defeating the various champions of the Wakandan tribes. One of his first acts was to disband and exile the Hatut Zeraze—the Wakandan secret police—and its leader, his adopted brother Hunter the White Wolf.[41] He sold off small portions of vibranium to scientific institutions around the world, amassing a fortune which he used to arm himself with advanced technology.[39] Later, to keep peace, he picked dora milaje ("adored ones") from rival tribes to serve as his personal guard and ceremonial wives-in-training. He then studied abroad for a time before returning to his kingship.

text: In his first published appearance, the now-adult T'Challa invites the American superhero team the Fantastic Four to Wakanda, then attacks and attempts to neutralize them individually in order to test himself to see if he is ready to battle Klaw, who had replaced his shattered right hand with a sonic weapon.[42][43] For their part, the Four manage to rally and stymie T'Challa in a team counter-attack, enabling the impressed King to stand down and explain himself to the team's satisfaction. After the ruler makes proper amends to the Four, they befriend and help T'Challa, and he in turn aids them against the supervillain the Psycho-Man.[44] T'Challa later joins the Avengers,[45] beginning a long association with that superhero team. He first battles the Man-Ape while with the group,[46] and then meets the American singer Monica Lynne,[47] with whom he becomes romantically involved. He helps the Avengers defeat the second Sons of the Serpent, and then reveals his true identity on American television.[48] He encounters Daredevil, and reveals to him that he had deduced Daredevil's true identity.[49]

text: Return to Wakanda[edit]

text: After receiving numerous urgent official letters requesting him to return to his increasingly troubled homeland,[50] the Panther eventually leaves his active Avengers membership to return to a Wakanda on the brink of civil war, bringing Lynne with him. After defeating would-be usurper Erik Killmonger and his minions,[51] the Panther ventures to the American South to battle the Ku Klux Klan.[52] He later gains possession of the mystical time-shifting artifacts known as King Solomon's Frogs.[53] These produce an alternate version of T'Challa from a future 10 years hence, a merry, telepathic Panther with a terminal brain aneurysm, whom T'Challa places in cryogenic stasis.

text: Later, while searching for and finding his stepmother Ramonda, the Panther contends with South African authorities during Apartheid.[54] T'Challa eventually proposes and becomes engaged to Monica Lynne,[55] though the couple never marry.

text: Years later, the Panther accepts a Washington, D.C. envoy, Everett K. Ross, and faces multiple threats to Wakanda's sovereignty. Ross assists him in many of these threats. In gratitude, the Panther often risks much for Ross in return. The first threat he and Ross encounter is "Xcon", an alliance of rogue intelligence agents backing a coup led by the Reverend Achebe.[56] Afterward, Killmonger resurfaces with a plot to destroy Wakanda's economy. This forces T'Challa to nationalize foreign companies.[57] Killmonger then defeats him in ritual combat, thus inheriting the role of Black Panther,[58] but falls into a coma upon eating the heart-shaped herb—poisonous to anyone outside the royal bloodline, which had a hereditary immunity to its toxic effects.[59] T'Challa preserves his rival's life rather than allowing him to die.

text: Later, T'Challa finds he has a brain aneurysm like his alternate future self, and succumbs to instability and hallucinations. After his mental state almost causes tribal warfare, the Panther hands power to his council[60] and hides in New York City. There he mentors police officer Kasper Cole (who had adopted an abandoned Panther costume), an experience that gives T'Challa the strength to face his illness, reclaim his position, and return to active membership in the Avengers, whom he helps secure special United Nations status.

text: Marriage and passing the mantle[edit]

text: T'Challa recounts the story of his ascension as the Black Panther in the fourth volume of his eponymous comic book series. He defeated his uncle during the Black Panther celebration,[61] and during his walkabout when he met and fell in love with a street urchin named Ororo in Cairo, Egypt.[62] Unbeknownst to him the US government is planning a coup in order to get access to the vibranium. They allow Klaw to recruit a team of villains in order to support his totalitarian neighbor, Niganda. Klaw recruits Rhino, Black Knight, Batroc the Leaper, and Radioactive Man to lead the invasion. The US government then deploys an army of Deathloks to "support" T'Challa and justify an invasion, but T'Challa kills Klaw and Storm wipes out the Deathlok army in a hurricane.[63]

text: T'Challa then helps his old flame Ororo Munroe reunite with her surviving family members in Africa and the U.S.[64] He shortly afterward proposes,[volume & issue needed] and the two are married in a large Wakandan ceremony attended by many superheroes.[65] One of the couple's first tasks is to embark on a diplomatic tour, in which they visit the Inhumans, Doctor Doom, the President of the United States, and Namor, with only the last one ending well.[66] After the death of Bill Foster, the Black Panther and Storm side with Captain America's anti-registration forces.[67] During the end battle between both sides, the Wakandan embassy in Manhattan is heavily damaged, though no Wakandans are hurt.[68] After the confrontation, the Panther and Storm briefly fill in for vacationing Fantastic Four members Reed and Sue Richards before returning to Wakanda.[69]

text: Upon returning to Wakanda alone, leaving Storm in New York to aid the X-Men, Black Panther faces Erik Killmonger, defeating him with assistance from Monica Rambeau (a.k.a. Pulsar).[70] Afterward, Wakanda fends off the alien shapeshifters the Skrulls, who had infiltrated as part of their "Secret Invasion" plan to conquer Earth.[71] Prince Namor attempts to recruit T'Challa for the Cabal, a secret council of supervillains. Attacked by the forces of fellow Cabal member Doctor Doom, T'Challa is left comatose.[72] His sister Shuri is trained as the next Panther, with the mantle passing onto her officially after T'Challa awakens from his coma and attempts to recover from his injuries.[73]

text: In the aftermath, T'Challa loses all of his enhanced attributes given to him by being the panther totem. As a result, he works with his sorcerer, Zawavari, to accumulate a replacement.[74] He has since made a pact with another unknown Panther deity, returning his attributes to an even higher level as well as placing incantations on his body, making himself highly resistant to most magic and mystic assaults. This has all been done in preparation for the imminent battle with Doctor Doom,[75] which culminated in T'Challa rendering all of the processed vibranium inert to give his people a chance to rebuild without their dependence on the element.[76]

text: The Man Without Fear[edit]

text: After the events of "Shadowland", Matt Murdock (the superhero Daredevil) asks T'Challa to replace him as guardian of Hell's Kitchen, which gives T'Challa a chance to discover himself. With the help of Foggy Nelson, T'Challa assumes the identity of Mr. Okonkwo, an immigrant from the Congo and manager of a diner called Devil's Kitchen, so that he can blend in and learn about the denizens as an ordinary man. He gets on well with two of the Kitchen's staff: Sofija, a migrant from Serbia who was formerly involved in violent Serbian nationalism, and the busboy, Brian. He also gets to know some of the neighbors from his apartment block: Mr. Nantakarn and his son Alec, as well as Iris, a social worker assigned to handle cases of child abuse.[77]

text: T'Challa finds himself up against an ambitious new crime lord, Vlad Dinu, who styles himself "The Impaler". He also seeks an understanding with the police through Detective Alex Kurtz. During an attempt by Vlad to terminate the Panther, Brian from the Devil's Kitchen is seriously injured by an energy blast from Vlad, and is reported dead. The conflict between Vlad and the Panther becomes more personal, especially after Vlad discovers the Panther over his wife Angela dead from a gunshot wound.[77]

text: T'Challa learns that Iris was the serial shooter who killed abusers of children—Gabe was abused secretly by Angela. Brian was kidnapped by his doctor, Dr. Holman, at the behest of Nicolae who wanted to use someone who received a dose of Vlad's power. After being subjected to torturous experiments, Brian lost the ability to think for himself but was rescued by Gabe who also stole the serum produced from the experiment meant to endow the recipient with Vlad's powers. The Panther obtains evidence of Vlad Dinu's crimes as well as clues to Iris as the serial shooter, and turns the evidence over to Kurtz. Vlad kills his own son Nicolae before being subdued by the Panther. Gabe is arrested for attempting to take Iris' life. Before being taken away, Gabe reveals to the Panther Brian's fate. Though aware of the Panther's identity as Mr. Okonkwo, both Iris and Sofija promise to keep silent.[77]

text: Wakanda again[edit]

text: Shortly after Daredevil returns to Hell's Kitchen, T'Challa returns to Wakanda, serving as a second to his sister, Shuri. In preparation for an upcoming attack on Wakanda as part of the Avengers vs. X-Men storyline, the Panther God returns T'Challa's abilities.[78] Empowered by the Phoenix, Namor destroys Wakanda with a massive tidal wave.[79] Returning to help, Storm is stunned when the Panther informs her that their marriage has been annulled.[80]

text: Incursions[edit]

text: After witnessing an alternate Earth over Wakanda being destroyed by the Black Swan, T'Challa reforms the Illuminati—with Beast replacing the now-deceased Charles Xavier—to confront the threat of the Incursions, parallel universes colliding with each other to the destruction of both. Although able to avert one Incursion with the Infinity Gauntlet, the subsequent destruction of the Infinity Gems forces the group to decide to resort to more questionable measures to protect Earth from future Incursions, wiping Captain America's mind so that he will not remember these events, allowing them to do "what needs to be done".[81] Although equipped with planet-destroying weapons to protect Earth, the Illuminati mostly become disgusted with the wholesale slaughter, until Namor breaks off from the group to form a new Cabal of villains to do what the heroes will not. Despite Namor's Cabal achieving legitimacy as Earth's protectors, Namor grew weary of the wholesale slaughter they carried out in the name of preserving their universe. Although he collaborated with the Illuminati in a plan to destroy the Cabal by trapping them on the next Earth to be destroyed, Black Panther and Black Bolt left him behind to die with the Cabal, disgusted at his earlier actions,[82] although Namor and the Cabal escape to the Ultimate universe when the other Earth has a simultaneous Incursion.[83]

text: Secret Wars[edit]

text: When the final Incursion occurs during the Secret Wars storyline, resulting in all realities collapsing into one Earth, Black Panther is one of the few heroes to survive the Incursion in a specially-designed "life pod"—other survivors including Mister Fantastic, Star-Lord, Spider-Man, the new Thor, Captain Marvel and a Phoenix-enhanced Cyclops—although they are only released into the new world after an eight-year stasis. Retrieved by Doctor Strange, they learn that Strange has assumed a role of "sheriff" to Doctor Doom, who has appointed himself the god of the new "Battleworld" created from the multiple realities.[84] Although Doom effortlessly kills Cyclops, Strange protects the other heroes by dispersing them across Battleworld,[85] with T'Challa and Namor eventually discovering a new version of the Infinity Gauntlet that Strange collected, ensuring that the Gems he found would work in the location where Doom built his main fortress.[86] Recruiting the residents of the deadlands as an army, T'Challa marches on Doom at the same time as multiple other areas rebel against him through the encouragement of the heroes,[87] but admits when Doom confronts him that he was only intended as a distraction while Reed targets Doom's power source. As Reed takes Doom's power and sets out to rebuild the multiverse, T'Challa uses the Time Gem to take himself back to Wakanda before the Incursions, proclaiming to his people that they will lead the way to the stars and explore new ideas.[88]

text: All-New, All-Different Marvel[edit]

text: As part of the All-New, All-Different Marvel, Black Panther is a member of the Ultimates.[89]

text: During the Civil War II storyline, Black Panther represents Wakanda on the Alpha Flight Space Program's Board of Governors.[90] He sides with Captain Marvel on needing help from an Inhuman who can predict the possible future named Ulysses Kain.[volume & issue needed] Black Panther and Shuri take part in the fight against the Leviathon Tide.[91]

text: During Hydra's reign over the world led by Arnim Zola, Baron Zemo and Steve Rogers, Panther is captured for opposing this regime, and brought into a containing room. Once Panther and Zemo are alone, Winter Soldier rescues Panther. Panther entrusts the unconscious Zemo to Winter Soldier, while trailing Rogers and Zola into the secret lab. Panther finds out that Zola infused a brainwashed Captain America with a Cosmic Cube using a stolen Stark tech modified by Zola himself, and warns his allies to retreat from a Cosmic Cube-powered Steve Rogers, but is too late.[92] Even though one of the heroes knows they cannot defeat a Cosmic Cube-powered Supreme Hydra Rogers, Winter Soldier, Captain America (Sam Wilson) and Ant-Man (Scott Lang) trick Rogers by surrendering the last fragment of the cube to him. Winter Soldier and Ant-Man steal the cube from Rogers before he uses its full potential, and bring back Kobik and the real Steve Rogers.[93][94] After the defeat of Supreme Hydra Steve Rogers, Black Panther establishes his quest to go across the universe with his people, and found an Intergalactic Empire of Wakanda on Planet Bast, located in the Benhazin Star System.[95]

text: Powers and abilities[edit]

text: The title "Black Panther" is a rank of office, chieftain of the Wakandan Panther Clan. As chieftain, the Panther is entitled to eat a special heart-shaped herb which, in addition to his mystical, shamanistic connection with the Wakandan Panther God Bast, grants him superhumanly acute senses, enhanced strength, speed, agility, stamina, durability, healing, and reflexes.[96][97]

text: He has since lost this connection and forged a new one with another unknown Panther deity, granting him augmented physical attributes as well as a resistance to magic.[75] His senses are so powerful that he can pick up a prey's scent and memorize tens of thousands of individual ones. Following his war with Doom, T'Challa loses his enhanced abilities only to once again establish a connection with the Panther God.[78] In addition to the resurgence of his now superhuman abilities, he is anointed "King of the Dead", granting him the power and knowledge of all the past Black Panthers as well as the ability to control the Undead.[98] After Battleworld and the resurgence of the Multiverse T'challa eventually showcased new powers in regards to his King of the Dead status, for not only could he reanimate the dead but summon departed spirits into the physical world with tangible form as well. Using these spiritual energies also enables him to conjure a mythical mystical spear of glowing blue energy to his hand.[99]

text: T'Challa worked with his sorcerer, Zawavari, to endow T'Challa with immunity to mystical attacks and detection in order to defeat Dr. Doom. When T'Challa's alchemical upgrade was tested by means of Wakanda's most powerful acolytes attacking T'Challa in unison, each mystical attack was absorbed and only served to strengthen T'Challa. During these preparations, T'Challa invented a potent mystical-scientific hybrid art called "shadow physics" and was able to use it to craft shadow weapons and to track vibranium on a quantum level.[75]

text: As king of Wakanda, the Panther has access to a vast collection of magical artifacts, advanced Wakandan technological and military hardware, and the support of his nation's wide array of scientists, warriors, and mystics. The Wakandan military has been described as one of the most powerful on Earth. His attire is the sacred vibranium costume of the Wakandan Panther Cult.

text: He is a skilled hunter, tracker, strategist, politician, inventor, and scientist. He has a PhD in physics from Oxford University. He is proficient in physics and advanced technology, and is also an inventor. T'Challa has been granted the strength and knowledge of every past Black Panther.[78]

text: T'Challa is rigorously trained in acrobatics and hand-to-hand combat. He is skilled in various forms of unarmed combat, with a unique hybrid fighting style that incorporates acrobatics and aspects of animal mimicry.[100]

text: The chieftain of the Wakandan Panther Clan is one of the wealthiest people in the world, although financial estimates are difficult given Wakanda's isolation from the world's economy and the uncertain value of Wakanda's vast vibranium reserves and extremely advanced technologies.[101]

text: In Black Panther volume 3, writer Christopher Priest expanded the Panther's day-to-day arsenal to include equipment such as an "energy dagger", a vibranium-weave suit, and a portable supercomputer, the "Kimoyo card".[102] In Black Panther volume 4, writer Reginald Hudlin introduced such specialized equipment as "thrice-blessed armor" and "light armor" for specific tasks,[103] and for a short while outfitted him with the Ebony Blade of the Black Knight.[104]

text: Other Black Panthers[edit]

text: The mantle of the Black Panther is passed down from generation to generation among the rulers of Wakanda[105] although it must still be deserved through a severe selection involving the best warriors of the nation.

text: Bashenga[edit]

text: Bashenga appeared for the first time in Black Panther Vol. 1 #7 (January 1978) by Jack Kirby (scripts and drawings). Wise warrior at the head of the Panther Tribe, according to legends, during the tumult where the vibranium meteorite fell on the soil of the village, then composed of various warring clans, he gathered all the aforementioned under his guide to defeating the inhabitants transformed by the impact into fierce "demonic spirits", a company which has unified the nation by founding Wakanda and becoming its first ruler[106] and the first to obtain the title of "Black Panther" as it tells of his "spiritual connection" with the Goddess Pantera Bast that led to the foundation of the Cult of the Panther.[105]

text: Chanda[edit]

text: Chanda appeared for the first time in Fantastic Four Unlimited Vol. 1 #1 (March 1993) by Roy Thomas (scripts) and Herb Trimpe (drawings). Black Panther and ruler of Wakanda during the Second World War, Chanda is the husband of Nanali and father of T'Chaka and S'Yan; distinguished by an excessively good and compassionate nature, he welcomed the Nazi colonel Fritz Klaue after he crashed into his reign due to a plane crash. Over time, the two make a kind of friendship and Klaue develops a strong obsession with the culture of Wakanda coming to try to convince them to make their religion deist rather than spiritist, which causes a strong friction between him and Chanda culminating in the death of Nanali by the Nazi and in its subsequent expulsion from the country.[107]

text: In several subsequent stories, T'Chaka's father (and husband of Nanali) is called Azzuri the Wise and is presented in a completely different way from Chanda,[108][109] leaving the doubt if it is only a sort of nickname or another character.

text: T'Chaka[edit]

text: T'Chaka appeared for the first time in Fantastic Four Vol. 1 #53 (August 1966) by Stan Lee (scripts) and Jack Kirby (drawings). The eldest son of King Azzuri and Queen Nanali, T'Chaka inherits the throne and the title of the Black Panther on his father's death by being helped in his monarch duties by his younger brother and trusted adviser S'Yan.[110] After having married a woman named N'Yami, believing she can not have children, she adopts a child with her, Hunter, however, she later becomes pregnant and dies giving birth to her first child, T'Challa; from the relationship with a woman of another tribe T'Chaka then has a second son, Jakarra, and finally remarries with Ramonda, a woman who grows her children as her own and from whom she has her only daughter, Shuri,[110] but which subsequently disappears into nothingness, leading him to believe that he has abandoned it.[38] To protect the kingdom, T'Chaka instituted a policy of strong isolationism,[111] but in the course of his life he often collaborated with agents of the US government.[109][112] He is killed by Ulysses Klaw after having surprised him to illegally extract vibranium in his kingdom.[113]

text: S'Yan[edit]

text: S'Yan The Fast, appeared for the first time in Black Panther Vol. 4 #2 (May, 2005) by Reginald Hudlin (scripts) and John Romita Jr. (drawings). The second son of King Azzuri and Queen Nanali, S'Yan is T'Chaka's younger and trusted advisor, after whose death, although he has no desire to reign, he agrees to ascend the throne until his nephew became an adult.[110] Ironically, S'Yan, who has never wanted to be king, becomes one of the most beloved monarchs in the history of Wakanda but, nevertheless, when T'Challa returns home and obtains the title of Black Panther, he becomes a he leaves with joy, returning to play the role of real advisor.[110] He died during the war with Latveria to defend Ramonda from the soldiers of Doctor Doom.

text: Shuri[edit]

text: When T'Challa ends up in a coma because of Doctor Doom,[114] Shuri becomes his substitute as Black Panther and queen of Wakanda which, after the rise of his half-brother to "king of the dead", creates for the first time in history two avatars of the Panther Goddess.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Black Panther was ranked the 79th greatest comic book character by Wizard magazine.[115] IGN ranked the character the 51st greatest comic book hero, stating that the Black Panther could be called Marvel's Batman,[116] and tenth in their list of "The Top 50 Avengers".[117] In 2013, ComicsAlliance ranked the Black Panther as #33 on their list of the "50 Sexiest Male Characters in Comics".[118]

text: Volume 3[edit]

text: Journalist Joe Gross praised Christopher Priest for his characterization of the Black Panther, stating, that the writer "turned an underused icon into the locus of a complicated high adventure by taking the Black Panther to his logical conclusion. T'Challa (the title character) is the enigmatic ruler of a technologically advanced, slightly xenophobic African nation, so he acts like it". Gross applauded the title's "endless wit, sharp characterization, narrative sophistication and explosive splash panels".[119]

text: Comics reviewer and journalist Mike Sangiacomo, however, criticized the narrative structure. "Christopher Priest's fractured writing is getting on my nerves. Like the Spider-Man comics, I want to like Black Panther, but Priest's deliberately jumbled approach to writing is simply silly. I know it's a style, but does he have to do it every issue?"[120]

text: Reporter Bill Radford cited similar concerns when the title had just launched. "I appreciate the notion of seeing the Black Panther through the eyes of an Everyman, but the Panther is almost relegated to secondary status in his own book. And Ross' narration jumps around in time so much that I feel like his boss, who, in trying to get Ross to tell her what has happened, complains: 'This is like watching "Pulp Fiction" in rewind. My head is exploding.'"[121]

text: Volume 4[edit]

text: Publishers Weekly gave a negative review to the first arc, "Who Is the Black Panther?", a modern retelling of the character's origin, saying, "Hudlin's take is caught between a rock and a hard place. His over-the-top narrative is not likely to appeal to fans of the most recent version of the character, but it's too mired in obscure Marvel continuity to attract the more general reader. The plot manages to be convoluted without ever becoming absorbing".[122]

text: Journalist Shawn Jeffords, citing the lack of appearances of the title character in the first issue, called the new series a "fairly unimpressive launch". Jeffords also said general-audience unfamiliarity was a hindrance. "He's never been a marquee character and to make him one will be tough".[123]

text: Other versions[edit]

text: T'Challa is Coal Tiger, Sersi kills the Avengers and Coal Tiger is the only survivor.[124]

text: Age of Ultron[edit]

text: In the Age of Ultron story, Black Panther contacts the Fantastic Four and informs them that Ultron has invaded Earth with an army of Ultron Sentinels.[125] Black Panther was later seen with Red Hulk and Taskmaster in Chicago spying on some Ultron Sentinels. When Taskmaster takes out a Sentinel that was sneaking up on him, alerting the other Sentinels, Red Hulk holds off the Sentinels while Black Panther and Taskmaster flee. During the mayhem, Black Panther falls several stories and breaks his neck, killing him instantly.[126]

text: Amalgam Comics[edit]

text: Bronze Tiger is the ruler of Wakanda and is named B'Nchalla; an amalgamation of the Bronze Tiger (DC) and the Black Panther (Marvel).

text: Avengers Forever[edit]

text: In Avengers Forever, Captain America and Goliath visit an alternate future timeline where Martian invaders have ravaged the Earth. An aged Black Panther leads this reality's version of the Avengers, who consist of Jocasta, Living Lightning, Killraven, Crimson Dynamo and Thundra.[127]

text: Civil War[edit]

text: In an alternate reality where the Civil War between Iron Man and Captain America never ended, Black Panther was killed alongside Maria Hill after activating Prison 42's self-destruct mechanism.[128] He is succeeded by his son, Azari, who takes on the Black Panther name.[129] It is later revealed that the Black Panther who destroyed Prison 42 was actually Queen Veranke of the shape-shifting alien Skrull race, who had stolen T'Challa's identity in order to manipulate and prolong the Civil War to suit her own needs.[130]

text: T'Challa is Chieftain Justice, a Captain Britain Corps member, in Excalibur #44 (1991).[131]

text: Earth X[edit]

text: In the alternate universe of Earth X, T'Challa has been affected by the mutative event that drives the plot. Like most of humanity, he is mutated; in this case to become a humanoid black panther. He is entrusted with the Cosmic Cube by Captain America, who knows that T'Challa would be the only one to resist using it and to never give it back if asked. In fact, Captain America does ask for it back and T'Challa is forced to refuse.[132]

text: Exiles[edit]

text: An alternate version of Black Panther, called simply "Panther", is drafted onto the interdimensional superhero team the Exiles.[133] The Panther is the son of T'Challa and Storm and named T'Chaka, after his grandfather. Originating from Earth-1119, he was ambushed by Klaw while examining some ruins. Caught in Klaw's blast, the Panther was plucked out of time and placed on the team.[133] Unlike the stoic 616-Black Panther, The Panther is a wisecracking flirt.[133] After his assumed death on Earth-1119, his sister took up the mantle of Black Panther.[134]

text: Fox Kids[edit]

text: The Black Panther appears in issues #1 and #6–7 of Marvel Comics/Fox Kids comic book series based on the TV show The Avengers: United They Stand.

text: Mangaverse[edit]

text: T'Challa appears in Marvel Mangaverse Volume 2 as a man with a pet panther. When summoning the spirits, T'Challa and his panther combine to become the Black Panther. He also became The Falcon. This Black Panther was romantically attracted to Tigra. T'Challa's sister, T'Chana, reveals herself to be this universe's Doctor Doom.[135]

text: Marvel 2099[edit]

text: In the Marvel 2099 continuity, a greatly weakened Wakanda is soon to be governed by its princess, Okusana. Fearing that she is not ready, she requests Doom's help in resurrecting Thandaza, her grandfather and a former Black Panther. Doom (who claims to have agreed to the proposal out of respect for T'Challa) and the Wakandan scientists revive Thandaza in a cyberbetic body made from vibranium, but the plan goes awry when Mkhalali, the current Panther Guard, opens fire on Thandaza, believing his resurrection to be an abomination. The attack throws off the calibrations and leaves Thandaza in a maddened state and constant pain, causing him to go on a bloody rampage. Doom is ultimately forced to kill Thandaza, who thanks him for ending his suffering.[136]

text: Marvel Knights 2099[edit]

text: Black Panther was featured in the Marvel Knights 2099 one shots, which were not tied to the main 2099 continuity. A new Black Panther, K'Shamba, rose to fight and thwart the mounting invasions by the successor of Doom. While the victory over the new Doom appeared triumphant, the new Wakandan king was ultimately revealed to be a puppet of Doom.[137]

text: Marvel Zombies[edit]

text: Black Panther is, for the most part, one of the few uninfected superheroes in the alternate-universe series Marvel Zombies, where he is kept as a food supply for the Zombie Giant-Man, who keeps the Panther imprisoned and cuts off various limbs so that he can maintain his intelligence via a ready access to fresh meat without infecting Panther with the zombie "virus".[138] Despite having lost half of his right arm and his left foot, the Panther escapes—with the severed head of zombified superheroine the Wasp in tow[139]—and joins forces with the mutant group the Acolytes.[140] While with the Acolytes, T'Challa briefly talks with his Earth-616 counterpart, where he expresses surprise at his marriage to Storm but offers him all the information he can provide about the zombie plague.[141] Decades later, T'Challa has married one of the Acolytes, Lisa Hendricks, and they have a son, with Forge having provided T'Challa with artificial limbs to compensate for his injuries.[142] Facing retirement, the Panther is stabbed and critically wounded by an agent of an Acolyte splinter group, and the Wasp— now a willing ally after having lost her zombie hunger— zombifies the Panther in order to grant him continued existence. With the Wasp's help, he survives to the post-hunger stage himself and continues to lead his people, despite his status.[143] Further internal betrayal lead the Black Panther and many of his allies to be tossed through the dimensions.[144] He ends up involved with another Earth that is threatened by the zombie virus. His attempts to save this new planet fail and he is destroyed, leaving only one hand displayed as a trophy by his enemies.[145]

text: In the MC2 universe, Black Panther has a son named T'Chaka II, who joined the A-Next as the Coal Tiger.[146]

text: Mutant X[edit]

text: In the Mutant X reality, Black Panther had the appearance of a humanoid black panther. He is among the second wave of heroes who died fighting the Beyonder.[147]

text: Ultimate Marvel[edit]

text: In the alternate-reality Ultimate Marvel imprint, the Black Panther is T'Challa Udaku, a young man who is experimented on in the Weapon X program before being liberated by Nick Fury.[148]

text: T'Challa, the younger son of King T'Chaka of Wakanda, is severely injured during the "Trial of the Panther" from which the protector of the nation is selected. His older brother M'Baku finds T'Challa bloodied, mute, and near death but derisively calls him a fool for attempting the trial. Later, M'Baku adds that he, not T'Challa, should have taken the trial. Angry that his father has decided to share Wakanda's technology in exchange for America's help in saving T'Challa's life, M'Baku leaves the kingdom.

text: To save T'Challa, T'Chaka turns him over to the Weapon X program. Over a year later, a healthy T'Challa, in his full Black Panther garb, has enhanced speed, strength, night vision, and healing ability. Additionally, he can summon short, cat-like Adamantium claws from his knuckles by balling his hands into fists. T'Chaka becomes outraged upon learning that S.H.I.E.L.D. (who had shut down Weapon X and freed T'Challa) now considers his son an asset of the U.S. and S.H.I.E.L.D. He subsequently sends M'Baku a letter, claiming that M'Baku, not T'Challa, is the titular "favorite son", and he implores M'Baku to return.

text: Fury has Captain America train and mentor the Panther, who reveals his damaged throat. Captain America, sympathizing for the Panther's plight, encourages Fury to place the Panther in the superhero team the Ultimates. This turns out to be a ruse in which Captain America impersonates the Panther, allowing T'Challa to escape and return home to Wakanda.[149]

text: Captain America later impersonates Black Panther during an Ultimates confrontation with the Juggernaut.[150]

text: After Ultimatum, Black Panther joins the New Ultimates.[151]

text: In other media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: Marvel Animation and BET began producing a primetime animated series called "Black Panther". Djimon Hounsou was cast as the voice of T'Challa / Black Panther.[152][153] The series is produced in motion comic style.[154] The world premiere of the show was in Australia, on ABC 3 on January 16, 2010. The series premiered online in the US on June 23, 2010,[155] and was released on DVD in the US in January 2011.

tag: ul

text:
The T'Challa version of Black Panther appeared in the "Prey of the Black Panther" episode of the 1994 Fantastic Four animated TV series, voiced by Keith David.[156] He enlists the Fantastic Four to help him save Wakanda from the invasion of Klaw. He makes a cameo appearance in later episode "Hopelessly Impossible".
The Black Panther had a non-speaking cameo in the X-Men TV series.[157]
In The Avengers: United They Stand, a portrait of the Black Panther hangs in Avengers Mansion in Episode 1. While the Black Panther does not appear in the animated series, he does appear in the comic book series based on the show.[158]
T'Challa / Black Panther appears in Iron Man: Armored Adventures, voiced by Jeffrey Bowyer-Chapman.[159] As seen in "Panther's Prey", he wears panther-like armor and his father was killed by Moses Magnum. He returns in the episode "Line of Fire" and the series finale "The Makluan Invasion" Parts I and II.
T'Challa / Black Panther appears in The Super Hero Squad Show, voiced by Taye Diggs.[160] As seen in the episode "Tremble at the Might of MODOK", he is in a relationship with Storm.
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther appears in The Avengers: Earth's Mightiest Heroes, voiced by James C. Mathis III.[161] His origin is told in the episode "The Man in the Ant Hill" where he becomes Black Panther after Man-Ape killed T'Chaka in combat with some unseen help from Klaw. In the episode "Panther's Quest", he made himself known to the Avengers and joins them. However, in the episode "Who Do You Trust?", he leaves the team due to his uncertainty of his teammates and his need to protect Wakanda from the Skrulls. He rejoins the team in the episode "Behold...The Vision!" after a battle with Vision. He was thought dead in the episode "Operation Galactic Storm" when he drove a Kree ship into the sun. However, just as the ship is about to crash, Panther uses its teleporter to take him to a Kree ship on the other side of the wormhole. On the Kree ship, he steals a smaller ship, and follows the Avengers down to Hala. Panther rescued Iron Man, Vision, Hawkeye, and Thor from a monster, and helped them free the others. He then travels back to Earth with them.
T'Challa / Black Panther appears in episode 29 of the Japanese anime series Marvel Disk Wars: The Avengers, voiced by Mahito Ōba. He appears in subsequent episodes as Jessica's "second hero".
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther appears in the Avengers Assemble animated series,[162] with James C. Mathis III reprising the role.[163] Introduced in the show's third season Avengers: Ultron Revolution, T'Challa was first seen speaking before an assembly about Wakanda when Crossbones attacks in order to take out T'Challa. After becoming Black Panther and helping Captain America to take out Crossbones, T'Challa makes off with Captain America's shield claiming that it was stolen property. This leads Captain America to bring Iron Man, Hawkeye, and Thor to Wakanda in order to reclaim it. During the confrontation, Black Panther claims that Howard Stark stole vibranium in order to make Captain America's shield. To make matters worse, Ulysses Klaue appears where he makes off with Captain America's shield upon using a sound attack on the group. Both sides work to find Klaue as Captain America states to Black Panther that T'Chaka gave the vibranium for Stark to make into Captain America's shield. Tracking him to a hideout in the Himalayas, the Avengers and Black Panther engage Klaue in an armor made out of vibranium. With a special tactic, the Avengers and Black Panther were able to knock Klaue out of the armor as Black Panther plans to make Ulysses Klaue answer for his crimes. With Klaue's vibranium armor in Wakandan custody, Black Panther changes his opinion of the Avengers and is offered reserve membership into the group. In the show's fourth season Avengers: Secret Wars, Black Panther becomes the new leader of the All-New, All-Different Avengers (consisting of himself, Captain Marvel, Ant-Man, Wasp, Vision, and Ms. Marvel) after the original team disappears. On July 22, 2017, Marvel renewed Avengers Assemble for a fifth season titled Avengers: Black Panther's Quest centering around T'Challa.[164]

text: Film[edit]

text: Live-action[edit]

text: Chadwick Boseman portrays T'Challa within the Marvel Cinematic Universe, first appearing in Captain America: Civil War (2016).[165][166] In the film, he is shown displaying enhanced speed, agility, strength, and durability, which he gains from ingesting the heart-shaped herb, as in the comics.[167] His suit has retractable claws and is made of a vibranium weave, which can deflect heavy machine gun fire. As of the 2018 film Black Panther, he wears a new variant of the suit that can absorb kinetic energy (represented as purple highlights) and release it as a purple shockwave after enough has been amassed. It can also fold into a silver necklace.

text: During the events of Civil War, motivated by revenge for his father's death during the UN signing of the Sokovian Accords in the aftermath of Avengers: Age of Ultron, T'Challa joins Iron Man's faction to oppose Captain America as he is protecting the Winter Soldier who was implicated for the attack. But T'Challa learns the bombing attack was actually arranged by Helmut Zemo to orchestrate his own revenge on the Avengers for inadvertently creating the Sokovia crisis which killed his family. After hearing Zemo's confession as he succeeded in turning Stark and Rogers against each other, T'Challa renounces his revenge while preventing Zemo's suicide and handing him over to Everett K. Ross. T'Challa grants Rogers and Barnes sanctuary in Wakanda while also aiding in the latter's recovery from his Hydra brainwashing.

text:
Boseman reprises the role in Black Panther (2018).[165][166] By October 2015, Joe Robert Cole was in final negotiations to write the film's script.[168] In January 2016, it was announced that Ryan Coogler had been hired to direct the film,[169] and was later revealed to be co-writing the script with Cole.[170] Filming began in January 2017 at Pinewood Studios in Atlanta, Georgia.[171] The film was released on February 16, 2018.[172] During the film's storyline, after completing the ritual of succession, T'Challa finds himself dealing with opposition to his new position from various fronts.
Boseman will appear in Avengers: Infinity War (2018).[173]

text: Animation[edit]

text:
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther appears in the direct-to-DVD animated feature Ultimate Avengers 2 (2006) as a central character, voiced by Jeffrey D. Sams.
In the direct-to-DVD film, Next Avengers: Heroes of Tomorrow, T'Challa has a son with Storm named Azari. Black Panther was called one last time to fight with the Avengers against the robot Ultron....but Black Panther did not survive. It is unknown what happened to Storm, for after the Battle with Ultron, Tony Stark (Iron Man) raised Azari along with the children of the fallen members of the Avengers.[174]
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther appears in the 2014 animated motion comic movie Marvel Knights: Wolverine vs. Sabretooth. When Wolverine winds up in Africa, Black Panther and Storm assist him.[175]
On October 9, 2017, Black Panther: Trouble in Wakanda was announced.[176]

text: Web[edit]

text: In 2016, Disney XD launched on its YouTube channel the motion comic "Black Panther in ... The Visitor".[177]

text: Video games[edit]

text:
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance, voiced by Phil LaMarr. He can be unlocked by collecting 5 of his action figures. When the player asks about how Black Panther came to be, he will bring up his history which involved his father being killed by Klaw and passing every trial to become the next Black Panther. He has special dialogue with Nick Fury, Namor, Ghost Rider, Doctor Doom, and Deathbird. In his simulation disc, he has to battle Dark Captain America in Arcade's Murderworld.[178]
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is an NPC in Marvel: Ultimate Alliance 2, voiced by Tim Russ.[179] He is one of the few characters in the game to not be taken under the control of The Fold, providing the heroes with a base prior to the final assault on the Fold as Wakanda is now the last bastion of resistance against the nanites. He is playable in Vicarious Visions (Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3, later also PlayStation 4, Xbox One and PC) versions and originally as a downloadable character for PS3 and Xbox 360.[180]
Black Panther appears as an NPC in Storm's ending for Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds.
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in Marvel Super Hero Squad Online.
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance.
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in the MMORPG Marvel Heroes,[181] voiced by James C. Mathis III.
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes, voiced by John Eric Bentley. He is also shown to have a pet cat named Mr. Tiddles. In the mid-credits, Nick Fury encounters him while overseeing the reconstruction of the Statue of Liberty. After finding Mr. Tiddles, Black Panther tells Nick Fury that the people of Wakanda thank him for thwarting Galactus' attack.
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in Marvel Avengers Alliance Tactics.
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in Marvel Contest of Champions.[182]
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in Marvel Mighty Heroes.[183]
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in Marvel Future Fight.[184]
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther is a playable character in Disney Infinity 3.0.[185]
The MCU version of Black Panther is a playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers.[186] He is a DLC Character available in the "Civil War" pack. His pet cat Mr. Tiddles from Lego Marvel Super Heroes also reappears in the hub areas of the game. A DLC pack based on Classic Black Panther was later released for the game. Classic Black Panther appears as the main playable character of the pack along with several other supporting characters and villains and his Skybike.[187]
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther appears as a playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.[188]
The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther appears as a downloadable character in Marvel vs. Capcom: Infinite, with James C. Mathis III reprising his role.[189] In the story, he rules the kingdom of Valkanda, using the Time Stone to protect it. When the heroes appear and help defend the kingdom from invaders, he offers them the Time Stone to aid their quest.
Black Panther appears as a playable character in Marvel Strike Force.[190]

text: Role-playing games[edit]

text: The T'Challa iteration of Black Panther appears in the 1984 role-playing game based on Marvel characters, Marvel Super Heroes. He also appears in all subsequent updates and versions.[191]

text: Collected editions[edit]

text: Marvel Masterworks[edit]

text:
Title
Material collected
Year
ISBN

Marvel Masterworks: Black Panther Volume 1
Jungle Action #6–24
2010
ISBN 978-0785141990

Marvel Masterworks: Black Panther Volume 2
Black Panther #1–15, Marvel Premiere #51–53, back-up story from Marvel Team-Up #100
2016
ISBN 978-1302900205

text: Epic Collections[edit]

text:
Title
Material collected
Year
ISBN

Black Panther Epic Collection Volume 1: Panther's Rage
Fantastic Four #52–53, Jungle Action #6–24
2016
ISBN 978-1302901905

text: Volume 1[edit]

text:
Title
Material collected
Year
ISBN

Black Panther by Jack Kirby Volume 1
Black Panther #1–7
2005
ISBN 978-0785116875

Black Panther by Jack Kirby Volume 2
Black Panther #8–13
2006
ISBN 978-0785120698

text: Volume 3[edit]

text:
Title
Material collected
Year
ISBN

Black Panther Vol. 1: The Client
Black Panther Volume 3 #1–6
2001
978-0785107897

Black Panther Vol. 2: Enemy of the State
Black Panther Volume 3 #7–12
2002
978-0785108290

Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 1
Black Panther vol. 3 #1–17
2015
978-0785192671

Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 2
Black Panther vol. 3 #18–35, Deadpool Vol. 3 #44
2015
978-0785198116

Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 3
Black Panther vol. 3 #36–49, #57–58; Incredible Hulk vol. 3 #33; Thor vol. 1 #370
material from Marvel Double-Shot 2
2016
978-0785195085

Black Panther by Christopher Priest: The Complete Collection Volume 4
Black Panther vol. 3 #50–56, #59–62; The Crew 1–7
2016
978-1302900588

text: Volume 4[edit]

text:
Title
Material collected
Year
ISBN

Black Panther: Who is the Black Panther?
Black Panther vol. 4, #1–6
2006
978-0785120483

Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 1
Black Panther vol. 4, #1–18, X-Men Vol. 2 #175–176
2017
978-1302907716

House of M: World of M Featuring Wolverine
Wolverine vol. 3 #33–35, Black Panther vol. 4 #7,
Captain America vol. 5 #10, The Pulse #10.
2006
978-0785119227

X-Men/Black Panther: Wild Kingdom
Black Panther vol. 4, #8–9, X-Men vol. 2 #175–176
2006
978-0785117896

Black Panther: Bad Mutha
Black Panther vol. 4, #10–13
2006
978-0785117506

Black Panther: The Bride
Black Panther vol. 4, #14–18
2006
978-0785121077

Black Panther: Civil War
Black Panther vol. 4, #19–25
2007
978-0785122357

Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 2
Black Panther vol. 4, #19–34, Annual Vol. 4 #1
2018
978-1302909475

Black Panther: Four the Hard Way
Black Panther vol. 4, #26–30
2007
978-0785126553

Black Panther: Little Green Men
Black Panther vol. 4, #31–34
2008
978-0785126577

Black Panther: Back To Africa
Black Panther vol. 4, #35–38, Annual #1)
2008
978-0785124528

Black Panther by Reginald Hudlin: The Complete Collection Vol. 3
Black Panther vol. 4, #35–41, Black PantherVol. 5 #1–6, Black Panther/Captain America: Flags of Our Fathers 1–4, Black Panther Saga
2018
978-1302910358

Black Panther: Secret Invasion
Black Panther vol. 4, #39–41
2008
978-0785133971

text: Volume 5[edit]

text:
Title
Material collected
Year
ISBN

Black Panther: The Deadliest of the Species
Black Panther vol. 5, #1–6
2009
978-0785133421

Black Panther: Power
Black Panther vol. 5, #7–12
2010
978-0785138617

Doomwar
Doomwar #1–6
2011
978-0785147152

Black Panther: Doomwar
Black Panther vol. 5, #7–12, Doomwar #1–6, Klaws of the Panther #1–4, Material from Age of Heroes #4
2017
978-1302904166

text: The Man Without Fear/The Most Dangerous Man Alive[edit]

text:
Title
Material collected
Year
ISBN

Black Panther: The Man Without Fear: Urban Jungle
Black Panther: The Man Without Fear #513–518
material from the X-Men Curse of the Mutants Spotlight
2011
978-0785145233

Black Panther: The Man Without Fear: Fear Itself
Black Panther: The Man Without Fear #519–523, Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive #524
2012
978-0785152064

Black Panther – The Most Dangerous Man Alive: The Kingpin of Wakanda
Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive #523.1, 525–529
2012
978-0785160373

Black Panther: The Man Without Fear – The Complete Collection
Black Panther: The Man Without Fear #513–523, Black Panther: The Most Dangerous Man Alive #523.1, 524–529
2018
978-1302907723

text: Volume 6[edit]

text:
Title
Material collected
Year
ISBN

Black Panther: A Nation Under Our Feet Book 1
Black Panther' Vol. 6 #1–4, Fantastic Four Vol. 1 #52
2016
978-1302900533

Black Panther: A Nation Under Our Feet Book 2
Black Panther Vol. 6 #5–8
2017
978-1302900540

Black Panther: A Nation Under Our Feet Book 3
Black Panther Vol. 6 #9–12
2017
978-1302901912

Black Panther Book 4: Avengers of the New World Book 1
Black Panther Vol. 6 #13–18
2017
978-1302906498

Black Panther Vol 1
Black Panther Vol. 6 #1–12
2017
978-1302904159

Black Panther: World of Wakanda
Black Panther: World of Wakanda #1–6
2017
978-1302906504

Black Panther & the Crew: We Are the Streets
Black Panther & the Crew #1–6
2017
978-1302908324