document_title: Summary judgment

question_text: what happens if a motion for summary judgment is granted

text: Summary judgment

text: Specific jurisdictions[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: In American legal practice, summary judgment can be awarded by the court before trial, effectively holding that no trial will be necessary. At the federal level, a summary-judgment motion in United States District Court is governed by Rule 56 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. Other pretrial motions, such as a "motion for judgment on the pleadings" or a "motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim upon which relief may be granted," can be converted by the judge to summary-judgment motions if matters outside the pleadings are presented to – and not excluded by – the trial-court judge.

text: A party seeking summary judgment (or making any other motion) is called the movant (usually, this is defendant); the opposing party is the nonmovant (usually, plaintiff). Per Rule 56(a), issuance of summary judgment can be based only upon the court's finding that, both:

text:
there exists no disputed genuine issue of material fact between the parties requiring a trial to resolve; and
in applying the law to the (undisputed) facts, one party is clearly entitled by law to judgment.

tag: ol

text: Here:

text:
An issue of (purported) fact is a (potential) event that the factfinder at trial (jury, or judge in the case of a bench trial) is charged with crediting (determining what "really happened," according to the credibility of the witnesses/experts/etc. at trial).
A disputed issue/fact means movant claims one thing, while nonmovant makes a different (conflicting/contradictory) claim.
A genuine issue/fact is one that can be resolved in favor by either party, by some rational/reasonable factfinder.
A material issue/fact is one that has the potential of affecting the outcome of the case/issue in dispute (judgment in favor of one party over the other).

text: Of cardinal importance here is that, by design: the judge had no discretion at summary judgment time: all fact-finding is done by the jury at trial, not by the judge at summary judgment (the judge only looks for the existence of disputed "facts" to be "found").

text: Summary judgment in the United States applies only in civil cases. It does not apply to criminal cases to obtain a pretrial judgment of conviction or acquittal, in part because a criminal defendant has a constitutional right to a jury trial.[1] Some federal and state-court judges publish general guidelines and sample summary-judgment forms.[2][3][4][5]

text: According to Federal Judicial Center research, summary-judgment motions are filed in 17% of federal cases.[6] Since almost two-thirds of federal civil cases are dismissed or settled, over half of the cases that reach the final judgment stage were disposed of via summary judgment.[7] 71% of summary-judgment motions were filed by defendants, 26% by plaintiffs.[6] Out of these, 36% of the motions were denied, and 64% were granted in whole or in part.[6]

text: From a tactical perspective, there are two basic types of summary-judgment motions. One requires a full evidentiary presentation, and the other requires only a more limited, targeted one.

text: First, a plaintiff may seek summary judgment on any cause of action, and similarly, a defendant may seek summary judgment in its favor on any affirmative defense. But in either case, the moving party must produce evidence in support of each and every essential element of the claim or defense (as it would have to do at trial). To be successful, this type of summary-judgment motion must be drafted as a written preview of a party's entire case-in-chief (that it would put before the finder of fact at trial) because all parts of an entire claim or defense are at issue.

text: Second, a different and very common tactic is where a defendant seeks summary judgment on a plaintiff's cause of action. The key difference is that in this latter situation, the defendant need only attack one essential element of the plaintiff's claim. A finding that the plaintiff cannot prove one essential element of its claim necessarily renders all other elements immaterial and results in summary judgment for the defendant. So these motions tend to be precisely targeted to the weakest points of the plaintiff's case. It is also possible for a plaintiff to seek summary judgment on a defendant's affirmative defense, but those types of motions are very rare.

text: Regardless of the type of summary judgment motion, there is a standardized rule(-like) framework for evaluating the first clause of Rule 56(a) (“no disputed genuine issue of material fact"), formulated as the following six core summary judgment tenets of review (SJTOR) (where the emphasized must indicate the lack of judicial discretion permitted):

text:
All-Issues/Facts: All ("each/every", not just "some") factual issues must be considered/discussed—especially, all disputed/contested genuine issues of material facts.
Whole-Record: The entire record ("whole set/totality of circumstances", not just a "subset"), must be considered, regarding each/every issue.
In-Context: All issues must be considered in holistic relationship with one another, within the whole-record environment (not "context-free line-by-line isolation"); patterns may emerge.
Nonmovant-Trumps-Movant: Tenets 1–3 must be interpreted/construed in the light most favorable/advantageous to nonmovant (never to movant), and belief/credit awarded thereto (as to whether a "dispute exists", not as to "who wins the dispute", though either interpretation unambiguously satisfies the only question at Summary Judgment, which is whether or not a "dispute exists").
All-Inferences: All reasonable/justifiable logical/legal inferences/implications from tenets 1–3 must also be interpreted favorably to nonmovant, and credit awarded thereto.
Light-Burden: For tenets 4–5, nonmovant bears the undemanding requirement of production only of favorable facts (and law)—i.e., de minimus proof/persuasion. All fact/credibility-finding must be reserved for the jury at trial, none for the judge at summary judgment.

text: A party seeking summary judgment may refer to any evidence that would be admissible at trial, such as depositions (or deposition excerpts), party admissions, affidavits in support from witnesses, documents received during discovery (such as contracts, emails, letters, and certified government documents). The evidences should be accompanied by a declaration from the moving party that all copies of the documents are true and correct, including deposition excerpts. Each party may present to the court its view of applicable law by submitting a legal memorandum supporting, or opposing, the motion. The opposing party may also file its own summary-judgment motion (called a "cross-motion"), if deadline still allows. The court may allow for oral argument of the lawyers, generally where the judge wishes to question the lawyers on issues in the case.

text: Deadline for filing of the dispositive motions in U.S. federal court system is set by judge in the initial discovery plan order. If a party wants to file a motion or a cross-motion for summary judgment after the deadline, it needs to ask for leave of court. Normally, federal judges require valid reasons to alter case-management deadlines and only do so with reluctance.

text: There are also freely accessible web search engines to assist parties in finding court decisions that can be cited as an example or analogy to resolve similar questions of law.[8] Google Scholar is the biggest database of full-text state and federal court decisions that can be accessed without charge.[8][9] These web search engines often allow one to select specific state courts to search.[8] Summary judgment is awarded if the undisputed facts and the law make it clear that it would be impossible for one party to prevail if the matter were to proceed to trial. The court must consider all designated evidence in the light most favorable to the party opposing the summary-judgment motion.

text: If a trial could result in the jury (or judge in a bench trial) deciding in favor of the party opposing the motion, then summary judgment is inappropriate. A decision granting summary judgment can be appealed without delay. A decision denying summary judgment ordinarily cannot be immediately appealed; instead, the case continues on its normal course. In United States federal courts, a denial of summary judgment cannot be appealed until final resolution of the whole case, because of the requirements of 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 28 U.S.C. § 1292 (the final judgment rule).

text: To defeat a summary-judgment motion, the non-moving party only has to show substantial evidence that a dispute of material facts exists, regardless of the strength of that evidence. For example, even if the moving side can produce the testimony of "a dozen bishops", and the non-moving side only has the testimony of a known liar, then summary judgment is not appropriate. Deciding on the relative credibility of witnesses is a question for the factfinder at trial.

text: Where appropriate, a court may award judgment summarily upon fewer than all claims. This is known as "partial summary judgment".

text: It is not uncommon for summary judgments of lower U.S. courts in complex cases to be overturned on appeal. A grant of summary judgment is reviewed "de novo" (meaning, without deference to the views of the trial judge) both as to the determination that there is no remaining genuine issue of material fact and that the prevailing party was entitled to judgment as a matter of law.

text: State-court practice[edit]

text: Summary-judgment practice in most states is similar to federal practice, though with minor differences. For example, the U.S. state of California requires the moving party to actually present evidence rather than merely refer to evidence. See Aguilar v. Atlantic Richfield Co., 25 Cal. 4th 826 (2001). This is done by attaching relevant documents and by summarizing all relevant factual points within those documents in a separate statement of facts. In turn, the record to be reviewed by the judge can be very large; for example, the Aguilar case involved a record of about 18,400 pages. Also, California uses the term "summary adjudication" instead of "partial summary judgment". The California view is that the latter term is an oxymoron since a judgment is supposed to be final (in the sense of completely disposing of the case). There is currently a conflict between the different districts of the California Courts of Appeal as to the availability of summary adjudication; most superior courts tend to side with the narrowest interpretation of California Code of Civil Procedure section 437c, under which a party may make such a motion only with respect to an entire cause of action, an affirmative defense, or a punitive-damages claim. There is also language in section 437c about "issues of duty," but some Courts of Appeal panels have given that phrase an extremely narrow interpretation due to evidence that the California State Legislature has been trying to stop the state courts from engaging in the piecemeal adjudication of individual issues.

text: In New York there is the procedure of summary judgment in lieu of complaint CPLR § 3213. This allows a plaintiff in an action based on an instrument to pay money only or ajudgement to file a motion for summary judgment and supporting papers with the summons instead of a complaint. The motion must be noted to be heard on the date the defendant is required to appear under CPLR 320(a). If the plaintiff sets down the hearing date later than the minimum, he may require the defendant to serve a copy of the answering paper on him within the extended period. If the motion is denied the moving and answering papers shall be deemed the complaint and answer, respectively, unless the court orders other wise.

text: Filing and privacy[edit]

text: Many U.S. district courts have developed their own requirements included in local rules for filing summary-judgment motions.[10] Local rules can set limits on the number of pages, explain if a separate factual statement is required, whether it is acceptable to combine motion petition with a response, and if a judge needs an additional copy of the documents (called a "judge's copy"), etc.[11][12] Local Rules can define page-layout elements like: margins, text font/size, distance between lines, mandatory footer text, page numbering, and provide directions on how the pages need to be bound together – i.e., acceptable fasteners, number and location of fastening holes, etc.[11][12][13] If the filed motion does not comply with the local rules, then the judge can choose to strike the motion completely, or order the party to re-file its motion, or grant a special exception to the local rules.

text: Summary-judgment motions, like many other court filings, are a matter of public record. So under Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 5.2, sensitive text like Social Security number, Taxpayer Identification Number, birthday, bank accounts and children's names, should be redacted from the summary-judgment motion and accompanying exhibits.[14] The redacted text can be erased with black-out or white-out, and the page should have an indication that it was redacted – most often by stamping the word "redacted" on the bottom. Alternately, the filing party may ask the court's permission to file some exhibits completely under seal. A minor's name of the petitions should be replaced with initials.[14]

text: A person making a redacted filing can file an unredacted copy under seal, or the court can choose to order later that an additional filing be made under seal without redaction.[14] Copies of both redacted and unredacted documents filed with court should be provided to the other parties in the case.

text: England and Wales[edit]

text: In England and Wales, Part 24[15] of the Civil Procedure Rules governs the award of summary judgment. Summary judgment is available in all claims against both the defendant and claimant with the following exceptions.

text:
There may be no summary judgment in possession proceedings against a mortgagor or a person holding over after the end of his tenancy whose occupancy is protected within the meaning of the Rent Act 1977 or the Housing Act 1988.
There may be no summary judgment against a defendant in admiralty proceedings in rem.

text: Canada[edit]

text: Summary judgment procedures were broadened in Canadian courts in the 1980s. With the exception of Quebec (which has its own procedural device for disposing of abusive claims summarily), all provinces feature a summary judgment mechanism in their respective rules of civil procedure.[16] Ontario, after a study on the issues of access to justice,[17] reformed its rules in 2010 to extend the powers of motion judges and masters for ordering summary judgment, following the introduction of similar measures in Alberta and British Columbia.[18] In 2014, the Supreme Court of Canada encouraged greater use of the procedure by the courts in its ruling in Hryniak v. Mauldin.


document_title: Whiteley Bank

question_text: when was the isle of wight donkey sanctuary established

root

text: Whiteley Bank

text: Whiteley Bank, also spelled "Whitely Bank", is a small village or hamlet on the Isle of Wight, United Kingdom.[1] It is mainly known by the crossroads, now styled as a mini-roundabout, between the A3020, B3327 and Canteen Road to Apse Heath. Whiteley Bank is in Newchurch Parish.

tag: p

text: Whiteley Bank is the home of the Isle of Wight Donkey Sanctuary. The Donkey Sanctuary was established in 1987 to provide a safe home for donkeys in distress. It currently houses about 200 animals. It was originally in Newport but had to be moved to Whiteley Bank to accommodate more animals.[2][3] America Wood is a SSSI located between Whiteley Bank and Shanklin.

text: It is served by Southern Vectis buses on routes 2 and 3.[4] There used to be a public telephone. Whiteley Bank House is a nursing home in Whiteley Bank.


document_title: List of FA Cup Finals

question_text: when did man u last win the fa cup

question_tokens: when did man u last win the fa cup

text: List of FA Cup Finals

text: History[edit]

text: The winners of the first tournament were Wanderers, a team of former public schoolboys based in London, who went on to win the competition five times in its first seven seasons. The early winners of the competition were all teams of wealthy amateurs from the south of England,[5] but in 1883, Blackburn Olympic became the first team from the north to win the cup, defeating Old Etonians. Upon his team's return to Blackburn, Olympic captain Albert Warburton proclaimed: "The Cup is very welcome to Lancashire. It'll have a good home and it'll never go back to London."[6]

text: With the advent of professionalism at around the same time, the amateur teams quickly faded from prominence in the competition.[5] The leading professional clubs formed The Football League in 1888.[7] Since then, one non-league team has won the cup. Tottenham Hotspur, then of the Southern League, defeated Sheffield United of The Football League to win the 1901 final.[8] A year later Sheffield United returned to the final and won the cup, which then remained in the hands of Northern and Midland clubs until Tottenham won it again in 1921.[2] In 1927, Cardiff City, a team which plays in the English football league system despite being based in Wales, won the cup, the only non-English club to do so.[9] Scottish club Queens Park reached the final twice in the early years of the competition.[2]

text: Newcastle United enjoyed a brief spell of FA Cup dominance in the 1950s, winning the trophy three times in five years,[2] and in the 1960s, Tottenham Hotspur enjoyed a similar spell of success, with three wins in seven seasons. This marked the start of a successful period for London-based clubs, with 11 wins in 22 seasons.[10] Teams from the second tier of English football, at the time called the Second Division, experienced an unprecedented run of cup success between 1973 and 1980.[10] Sunderland won the cup in 1973, Southampton repeated the feat in 1976, and West Ham United won in 1980, the most recent victory by a team from outside the top division.[2][8]

text: Finals[edit]

text: Until 1999, a draw in the final would result in the match being replayed at a later date;[11] since then the final has always been decided on the day, with a penalty shootout as required.[12] As of 2017 a penalty shoot-out has been required on only two occasions, in the 2005 and 2006 finals. The competition did not take place during the First and Second World Wars, other than in the 1914–15 season, when it was completed, and the 1939–40 season, when it was abandoned during the qualifying rounds.[2]

text: Key[edit]

text:
Key to list of winners

(R)
Replay

*
Match went to extra time

Match decided by a penalty shootout after extra time

Winning team won the Double

Italics
Team from outside the top level of English football
(since the formation of The Football League in 1888)

tag: table

text: All teams are English, except where marked  (Scottish) or  (Welsh).

text: Results[edit]

text:
FA Cup winners

Season
Winners[2]
Score[2]
Runners–up[2]
Venue[13]
Attendance[13]

1871–72 FA Cup (1) !1871–72
Wanderers
1–0
Royal Engineers
Kennington Oval
2,000

1872–73 FA Cup (1) !1872–73
Wanderers
2–0
Oxford University
Lillie Bridge
3,000

1873–74 FA Cup (1) !1873–74
Oxford University
2–0
Royal Engineers
Kennington Oval
2,000

1874–75 FA Cup (1) !1874–75
Royal Engineers
1–1 !* 1–1 *
Old Etonians
Kennington Oval
2,000

1874–75 FA Cup (2) !1874–75 (R)
Royal Engineers
2–0
Old Etonians
Kennington Oval
3,000

1875–76 FA Cup (1) !1875–76
Wanderers
1–1 !* 1–1 *
Old Etonians
Kennington Oval
3,500

1875–76 FA Cup (2) !1875–76 (R)
Wanderers
3–0
Old Etonians
Kennington Oval
1,500

1876–77 FA Cup (1) !1876–77
Wanderers
2–1 !* 2–1 *
Oxford University
Kennington Oval
3,000

1877–78 FA Cup (1) !1877–78
Wanderers
3–1
Royal Engineers
Kennington Oval
4,500

1878–79 FA Cup (1) !1878–79
Old Etonians
1–0
Clapham Rovers
Kennington Oval
5,000

1879–80 FA Cup (1) !1879–80
Clapham Rovers
1–0
Oxford University
Kennington Oval
6,000

1880–81 FA Cup (1) !1880–81
Old Carthusians
3–0
Old Etonians
Kennington Oval
4,000

1881–82 FA Cup (1) !1881–82
Old Etonians
1–0
Blackburn Rovers
Kennington Oval
6,500

1882–83 FA Cup (1) !1882–83
Blackburn Olympic
2–1 !* 2–1 *
Old Etonians
Kennington Oval
8,000

1883–84 FA Cup (1) !1883–84
Blackburn Rovers
2–1
 Queen's Park
Kennington Oval
4,000

1884–85 FA Cup (1) !1884–85
Blackburn Rovers
2–0
 Queen's Park
Kennington Oval
12,500

1885–86 FA Cup (1) !1885–86
Blackburn Rovers
0–0
West Bromwich Albion
Kennington Oval
15,000

1885–86 FA Cup (2) !1885–86 (R)
Blackburn Rovers
2–0
West Bromwich Albion
Racecourse Ground !Racecourse Ground
12,000

1886–87 FA Cup (1) !1886–87
Aston Villa
2–0
West Bromwich Albion
Kennington Oval
15,500

1887–88 FA Cup (1) !1887–88
West Bromwich Albion
2–1
Preston North End
Kennington Oval
19,000

1888–89 FA Cup (1) !1888–89
Preston North End
3–0
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Kennington Oval
22,000

1889–90 FA Cup (1) !1889–90
Blackburn Rovers
6–1
The Wednesday
Kennington Oval
20,000

1890–91 FA Cup (1) !1890–91
Blackburn Rovers
3–1
Notts County
Kennington Oval
23,000

1891–92 FA Cup (1) !1891–92
West Bromwich Albion
3–0
Aston Villa
Kennington Oval
32,810

1892–93 FA Cup (1) !1892–93
Wolverhampton Wanderers
1–0
Everton
Fallowfield Stadium
45,000

1893–94 FA Cup (1) !1893–94
Notts County
4–1
Bolton Wanderers
Goodison Park
37,000

1894–95 FA Cup (1) !1894–95
Aston Villa
1–0
West Bromwich Albion
Crystal Palace
42,560

1895–96 FA Cup (1) !1895–96
The Wednesday
2–1
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Crystal Palace
48,836

1896–97 FA Cup (1) !1896–97
Aston Villa
3–2
Everton
Crystal Palace
65,891

1897–98 FA Cup (1) !1897–98
Nottingham Forest
3–1
Derby County
Crystal Palace
62,017

1898–99 FA Cup (1) !1898–99
Sheffield United
4–1
Derby County
Crystal Palace
73,833

1899–1900 FA Cup (1) !1899–1900
Bury
4–0
Southampton
Crystal Palace
68,945

1900–01 FA Cup (1) !1900–01
Tottenham Hotspur
2–2
Sheffield United
Crystal Palace
110,820

1900–01 FA Cup (2) !1900–01 (R)
Tottenham Hotspur
3–1
Sheffield United
Burnden Park
20,470

1901–02 FA Cup (1) !1901–02
Sheffield United
1–1
Southampton
Crystal Palace
76,914

1901–02 FA Cup (2) !1901–02 (R)
Sheffield United
2–1
Southampton
Crystal Palace
33,068

1902–03 FA Cup (1) !1902–03
Bury
6–0
Derby County
Crystal Palace
63,102

1903–04 FA Cup (1) !1903–04
Manchester City
1–0
Bolton Wanderers
Crystal Palace
61,374

1904–05 FA Cup (1) !1904–05
Aston Villa
2–0
Newcastle United
Crystal Palace
101,117

1905–06 FA Cup (1) !1905–06
Everton
1–0
Newcastle United
Crystal Palace
75,609

1906–07 FA Cup (1) !1906–07
The Wednesday
2–1
Everton
Crystal Palace
84,594

1907–08 FA Cup (1) !1907–08
Wolverhampton Wanderers
3–1
Newcastle United
Crystal Palace
74,697

1908–09 FA Cup (1) !1908–09
Manchester United
1–0
Bristol City
Crystal Palace
71,401

1909–10 FA Cup (1) !1909–10
Newcastle United
1–1
Barnsley
Crystal Palace
77,747

1909–10 FA Cup (2) !1909–10 (R)
Newcastle United
2–0
Barnsley
Goodison Park
69,000

1910–11 FA Cup (1) !1910–11
Bradford City
0–0
Newcastle United
Crystal Palace
69,068

1910–11 FA Cup (2) !1910–11 (R)
Bradford City
1–0
Newcastle United
Old Trafford
58,000

1911–12 FA Cup (1) !1911–12
Barnsley
0–0
West Bromwich Albion
Crystal Palace
54,556

1911–12 FA Cup (2) !1911–12 (R)
Barnsley
1–0 !* 1–0 *
West Bromwich Albion
Bramall Lane
38,555

1912–13 FA Cup (1) !1912–13
Aston Villa
1–0
Sunderland
Crystal Palace
121,919

1913–14 FA Cup (1) !1913–14
Burnley
1–0
Liverpool
Crystal Palace
72,778

1914–15 FA Cup (1) !1914–15
Sheffield United
3–0
Chelsea
Old Trafford
49,557

1919–20 FA Cup (1) !1919–20
Aston Villa
1–0 !* 1–0 *
Huddersfield Town
Stamford Bridge
50,018

1920–21 FA Cup (1) !1920–21
Tottenham Hotspur
1–0
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Stamford Bridge
72,805

1921–22 FA Cup (1) !1921–22
Huddersfield Town
1–0
Preston North End
Stamford Bridge
53,000

1922–23 FA Cup (1) !1922–23
Bolton Wanderers
2–0
West Ham United
Wembley Stadium (original)
126,047[A]

1923–24 FA Cup (1) !1923–24
Newcastle United
2–0
Aston Villa
Wembley Stadium (original)
91,695

1924–25 FA Cup (1) !1924–25
Sheffield United
1–0
 Cardiff City
Wembley Stadium (original)
91,763

1925–26 FA Cup (1) !1925–26
Bolton Wanderers
1–0
Manchester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
91,447

1926–27 FA Cup (1) !1926–27
 Cardiff City
1–0
Arsenal
Wembley Stadium (original)
91,206

1927–28 FA Cup (1) !1927–28
Blackburn Rovers
3–1
Huddersfield Town
Wembley Stadium (original)
92,041

1928–29 FA Cup (1) !1928–29
Bolton Wanderers
2–0
Portsmouth
Wembley Stadium (original)
92,576

1929–30 FA Cup (1) !1929–30
Arsenal
2–0
Huddersfield Town
Wembley Stadium (original)
92,488

1930–31 FA Cup (1) !1930–31
West Bromwich Albion
2–1
Birmingham
Wembley Stadium (original)
92,406

1931–32 FA Cup (1) !1931–32
Newcastle United
2–1
Arsenal
Wembley Stadium (original)
92,298

1932–33 FA Cup (1) !1932–33
Everton
3–0
Manchester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
92,950

1933–34 FA Cup (1) !1933–34
Manchester City
2–1
Portsmouth
Wembley Stadium (original)
93,258

1934–35 FA Cup (1) !1934–35
Sheffield Wednesday
4–2
West Bromwich Albion
Wembley Stadium (original)
93,204

1935–36 FA Cup (1) !1935–36
Arsenal
1–0
Sheffield United
Wembley Stadium (original)
93,384

1936–37 FA Cup (1) !1936–37
Sunderland
3–1
Preston North End
Wembley Stadium (original)
93,495

1937–38 FA Cup (1) !1937–38
Preston North End
1–0 !* 1–0 *
Huddersfield Town
Wembley Stadium (original)
93,497

1938–39 FA Cup (1) !1938–39
Portsmouth
4–1
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Wembley Stadium (original)
99,370

1945–46 FA Cup (1) !1945–46
Derby County
4–1 !* 4–1 *
Charlton Athletic
Wembley Stadium (original)
98,000

1946–47 FA Cup (1) !1946–47
Charlton Athletic
1–0 !* 1–0 *
Burnley
Wembley Stadium (original)
99,000

1947–48 FA Cup (1) !1947–48
Manchester United
4–2
Blackpool
Wembley Stadium (original)
99,000

1948–49 FA Cup (1) !1948–49
Wolverhampton Wanderers
3–1
Leicester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
99,500

1949–50 FA Cup (1) !1949–50
Arsenal
2–0
Liverpool
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1950–51 FA Cup (1) !1950–51
Newcastle United
2–0
Blackpool
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1951–52 FA Cup (1) !1951–52
Newcastle United
1–0
Arsenal
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1952–53 FA Cup (1) !1952–53
Blackpool
4–3
Bolton Wanderers
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1953–54 FA Cup (1) !1953–54
West Bromwich Albion
3–2
Preston North End
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1954–55 FA Cup (1) !1954–55
Newcastle United
3–1
Manchester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1955–56 FA Cup (1) !1955–56
Manchester City
3–1
Birmingham City
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1956–57 FA Cup (1) !1956–57
Aston Villa
2–1
Manchester United
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1957–58 FA Cup (1) !1957–58
Bolton Wanderers
2–0
Manchester United
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1958–59 FA Cup (1) !1958–59
Nottingham Forest
2–1
Luton Town
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1959–60 FA Cup (1) !1959–60
Wolverhampton Wanderers
3–0
Blackburn Rovers
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1960–61 FA Cup (1) !1960–61
Tottenham Hotspur
2–0
Leicester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1961–62 FA Cup (1) !1961–62
Tottenham Hotspur
3–1
Burnley
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1962–63 FA Cup (1) !1962–63
Manchester United
3–1
Leicester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1963–64 FA Cup (1) !1963–64
West Ham United
3–2
Preston North End
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1964–65 FA Cup (1) !1964–65
Liverpool
2–1 !* 2–1 *
Leeds United
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1965–66 FA Cup (1) !1965–66
Everton
3–2
Sheffield Wednesday
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1966–67 FA Cup (1) !1966–67
Tottenham Hotspur
2–1
Chelsea
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1967–68 FA Cup (1) !1967–68
West Bromwich Albion
1–0 !* 1–0 *
Everton
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1968–69 FA Cup (1) !1968–69
Manchester City
1–0
Leicester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1969–70 FA Cup (1) !1969–70
Chelsea
2–2 !* 2–2 *
Leeds United
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1969–70 FA Cup (2) !1969–70 (R)
Chelsea
2–1 !* 2–1 *
Leeds United
Old Trafford
62,078

1970–71 FA Cup (1) !1970–71
Arsenal
2–1 !* 2–1 *
Liverpool
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1971–72 FA Cup (1) !1971–72
Leeds United
1–0
Arsenal
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1972–73 FA Cup (1) !1972–73
Sunderland
1–0
Leeds United
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1973–74 FA Cup (1) !1973–74
Liverpool
3–0
Newcastle United
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1974–75 FA Cup (1) !1974–75
West Ham United
2–0
Fulham
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1975–76 FA Cup (1) !1975–76
Southampton
1–0
Manchester United
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1976–77 FA Cup (1) !1976–77
Manchester United
2–1
Liverpool
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1977–78 FA Cup (1) !1977–78
Ipswich Town
1–0
Arsenal
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1978–79 FA Cup (1) !1978–79
Arsenal
3–2
Manchester United
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1979–80 FA Cup (1) !1979–80
West Ham United
1–0
Arsenal
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1980–81 FA Cup (1) !1980–81
Tottenham Hotspur
1–1 !* 1–1 *
Manchester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1980–81 FA Cup (2) !1980–81 (R)
Tottenham Hotspur
3–2
Manchester City
Wembley Stadium (original)
92,000

1981–82 FA Cup (1) !1981–82
Tottenham Hotspur
1–1 !* 1–1 *
Queens Park Rangers
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1981–82 FA Cup (2) !1981–82 (R)
Tottenham Hotspur
1–0
Queens Park Rangers
Wembley Stadium (original)
90,000

1982–83 FA Cup (1) !1982–83
Manchester United
2–2 !* 2–2 *
Brighton & Hove Albion
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1982–83 FA Cup (2) !1982–83 (R)
Manchester United
4–0
Brighton & Hove Albion
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1983–84 FA Cup (1) !1983–84
Everton
2–0
Watford
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1984–85 FA Cup (1) !1984–85
Manchester United
1–0 !* 1–0 *
Everton
Wembley Stadium (original)
100,000

1985–86 FA Cup (1) !1985–86
Liverpool
3–1
Everton
Wembley Stadium (original)
98,000

1986–87 FA Cup (1) !1986–87
Coventry City
3–2 !* 3–2 *
Tottenham Hotspur
Wembley Stadium (original)
98,000

1987–88 FA Cup (1) !1987–88
Wimbledon
1–0
Liverpool
Wembley Stadium (original)
98,203

1988–89 FA Cup (1) !1988–89
Liverpool
3–2 !* 3–2 *
Everton
Wembley Stadium (original)
82,500

1989–90 FA Cup (1) !1989–90
Manchester United
3–3 !* 3–3 *
Crystal Palace
Wembley Stadium (original)
80,000

1989–90 FA Cup (2) !1989–90 (R)
Manchester United
1–0
Crystal Palace
Wembley Stadium (original)
80,000

1990–91 FA Cup (1) !1990–91
Tottenham Hotspur
2–1 !* 2–1 *
Nottingham Forest
Wembley Stadium (original)
80,000

1991–92 FA Cup (1) !1991–92
Liverpool
2–0
Sunderland
Wembley Stadium (original)
80,000

1992–93 FA Cup (1) !1992–93
Arsenal
1–1 !* 1–1 *
Sheffield Wednesday
Wembley Stadium (original)
79,347

1992–93 FA Cup (2) !1992–93 (R)
Arsenal
2–1 !* 2–1 *
Sheffield Wednesday
Wembley Stadium (original)
62,267

1993–94 FA Cup (1) !1993–94
Manchester United
4–0
Chelsea
Wembley Stadium (original)
79,634

1994–95 FA Cup (1) !1994–95
Everton
1–0
Manchester United
Wembley Stadium (original)
79,592

1995–96 FA Cup (1) !1995–96
Manchester United
1–0
Liverpool
Wembley Stadium (original)
79,007

1996–97 FA Cup (1) !1996–97
Chelsea
2–0
Middlesbrough
Wembley Stadium (original)
79,160

1997–98 FA Cup (1) !1997–98
Arsenal
2–0
Newcastle United
Wembley Stadium (original)
79,183

1998–99 FA Cup (1) !1998–99
Manchester United
2–0
Newcastle United
Wembley Stadium (original)
79,101

1999–2000 FA Cup (1) !1999–2000
Chelsea
1–0
Aston Villa
Wembley Stadium (original)
78,217

2000–01 FA Cup (1) !2000–01
Liverpool
2–1
Arsenal
Millennium Stadium
72,500

2001–02 FA Cup (1) !2001–02
Arsenal
2–0
Chelsea
Millennium Stadium
73,963

2002–03 FA Cup (1) !2002–03
Arsenal
1–0
Southampton
Millennium Stadium
73,726

2003–04 FA Cup (1) !2003–04
Manchester United
3–0
Millwall
Millennium Stadium
71,350

2004–05 FA Cup (1) !2004–05
Arsenal
0–0 ! 0–0
Manchester United
Millennium Stadium
71,876

2005–06 FA Cup (1) !2005–06
Liverpool
3–3 ! 3–3
West Ham United
Millennium Stadium
71,140

2006–07 FA Cup (1) !2006–07
Chelsea
1–0 !* 1–0 *
Manchester United
Wembley Stadium (new)
89,826

2007–08 FA Cup (1) !2007–08
Portsmouth
1–0
 Cardiff City
Wembley Stadium (new)
89,874

2008–09 FA Cup (1) !2008–09
Chelsea
2–1
Everton
Wembley Stadium (new)
89,391

2009–10 FA Cup (1) !2009–10
Chelsea
1–0
Portsmouth
Wembley Stadium (new)
88,335

2010–11 FA Cup (1) !2010–11
Manchester City
1–0
Stoke City
Wembley Stadium (new)
88,643

2011–12 FA Cup (1) !2011–12
Chelsea
2–1
Liverpool
Wembley Stadium (new)
89,041

2012–13 FA Cup (1) !2012–13
Wigan Athletic
1–0
Manchester City
Wembley Stadium (new)
86,254

2013–14 FA Cup (1) !2013–14
Arsenal
3–2 !* 3–2 *
Hull City
Wembley Stadium (new)
89,345

2014–15 FA Cup (1) !2014–15
Arsenal
4–0
Aston Villa
Wembley Stadium (new)
89,283

2015–16 FA Cup (1) !2015–16
Manchester United
2–1 !* 2–1 *
Crystal Palace
Wembley Stadium (new)
88,619

2016–17 FA Cup (1) !2016–17
Arsenal
2–1
Chelsea
Wembley Stadium (new)
89,472

text: A. ^ The official attendance for the 1923 final was reported as 126,047, but the actual figure is believed to be anywhere between 150,000 and 300,000.[14][15]

text: Results by team[edit]

text: Teams shown in italics are no longer in existence. Additionally, Queen's Park ceased to be eligible to enter the FA Cup after a Scottish Football Association ruling in 1887.[16]

text:
Results by team

Club
Wins
First final won
Last final won
Runners-up
Last final lost
Total final appearances

Arsenal
13
1930
2017
7
2001
20

Manchester United
12
1909
2016
7
2007
19

Tottenham Hotspur
8
1901
1991
1
1987
9

Liverpool
7
1965
2006
7
2012
14

Chelsea
7
1970
2012
5
2017
12

Aston Villa
7
1887
1957
4
2015
11

Newcastle United
6
1910
1955
7
1999
13

Blackburn Rovers
6
1884
1928
2
1960
8

Everton
5
1906
1995
8
2009
13

Manchester City
5
1904
2011
5
2013
10

West Bromwich Albion
5
1888
1968
5
1935
10

Wanderers
5
1872
1878
0
–
5

Wolverhampton Wanderers
4
1893
1960
4
1939
8

Bolton Wanderers
4
1923
1958
3
1953
7

Sheffield United
4
1899
1925
2
1936
6

Sheffield Wednesday[A]
3
1896
1935
3
1993
6

West Ham United
3
1964
1980
2
2006
5

Preston North End
2
1889
1938
5
1964
7

Old Etonians
2
1879
1882
4
1883
6

Portsmouth
2
1939
2008
3
2010
5

Sunderland
2
1937
1973
2
1992
4

Nottingham Forest
2
1898
1959
1
1991
3

Bury
2
1900
1903
0
–
2

Huddersfield Town
1
1922
1922
4
1938
5

Derby County
1
1946
1946
3
1903
4

Leeds United
1
1972
1972
3
1973
4

Oxford University
1
1874
1874
3
1880
4

Royal Engineers
1
1875
1875
3
1878
4

Southampton
1
1976
1976
3
2003
4

Blackpool
1
1953
1953
2
1951
3

Burnley
1
1914
1914
2
1962
3

Cardiff City
1
1927
1927
2
2008
3

Charlton Athletic
1
1947
1947
1
1946
2

Barnsley
1
1912
1912
1
1910
2

Clapham Rovers
1
1880
1880
1
1879
2

Notts County
1
1894
1894
1
1891
2

Blackburn Olympic
1
1883
1883
0
–
1

Bradford City
1
1911
1911
0
–
1

Coventry City
1
1987
1987
0
–
1

Ipswich Town
1
1978
1978
0
–
1

Old Carthusians
1
1881
1881
0
–
1

Wigan Athletic
1
2013
2013
0
–
1

Wimbledon[B]
1
1988
1988
0
–
1

Leicester City
0

4
1969
4

Birmingham City
0

2
1956
2

Crystal Palace
0

2
2016
2

Queen's Park
0

2
1885
2

Brighton & Hove Albion
0

1
1983
1

Bristol City
0

1
1909
1

Fulham
0

1
1975
1

Hull City
0

1
2014
1

Luton Town
0

1
1959
1

Middlesbrough
0

1
1997
1

Millwall
0

1
2004
1

Queens Park Rangers
0

1
1982
1

Stoke City
0

1
2011
1

Watford
0

1
1984
1

text:
Jump up ^ Sheffield Wednesday's total includes two wins and one defeat under the earlier name of The Wednesday.
Jump up ^ Wimbledon relocated in 2004 from south London to Milton Keynes rebranding the club as Milton Keynes Dons, but the current incarnation of the club considers that it was founded in 2004 and does not lay claim to the history or honours (including the FA Cup win) of Wimbledon.[17]


document_title: Yellowstone (U.S. TV series)

question_text: what is the first episode of yellowstone called

text: Yellowstone (U.S. TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Yellowstone follows "the Dutton family, led by John Dutton, who controls the largest contiguous ranch in the United States, under constant attack by those it borders—land developers, an Indian reservation, and America's first National Park. It is an intense study of a violent world far from media scrutiny—where land grabs make developers billions, and politicians are bought and sold by the world's largest oil and lumber corporations. Where drinking water poisoned by fracking wells and unsolved murders are not news: they are a consequence of living in the new frontier. It is the best and worst of America seen through the eyes of a family that represents both."[1]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Kevin Costner as John Dutton, the 6th generation patriarch of the Dutton family which controls the largest contiguous ranch in the United States. He is confronted with challenge of defending his land from those who would seek to take it from him while also overcoming the recent death of his son and a recent diagnosis of colon cancer. Josh Lucas portrays a young John Dutton in a recurring role.
Luke Grimes as Kayce Dutton, a former US Navy SEAL and one of John and Evelyn's sons. He lives on the local Indian reservation with his wife and son. Rhys Alterman portrays a young Kayce in a recurring role.
Kelly Reilly as Beth Dutton, a financier and the daughter of John and Evelyn. She is educated, highly intelligent, and a master manipulator. She is also, however, very unstable and suffers from a substance abuse problem. Kylie Rogers portrays a young Beth in a recurring role.
Wes Bentley as Jamie Dutton, an attorney, aspiring politician, and one of John and Evelyn's sons. Although completely loyal to his father and family, he is constantly frustrated at the current state of his family. He also has an intense love/hate relationship with his sister Beth. Dalton Baker portrays a young Jamie in a recurring role.
Cole Hauser as Rip Wheeler, the ranch foreman at Yellowstone and John's right-hand man and enforcer. Rip has worked on the ranch for many years since being taken in by a young John Dutton and is therefore fiercely loyal to John. He has an on-again, off-again relationship with Beth. Kyle Red Silverstein portrays a young Rip Wheeler in a guest appearance in the episode "The Unraveling: Pt. 1".
Kelsey Asbille as Monica Dutton, Kayce's Native American wife with whom he lives on the local reservation, where she is a teacher at the school.
Brecken Merrill as Tate Dutton, the son of Kayce and Monica and John's only grandchild.
Jefferson White as Jimmy Hurdstrom, a ranch hand at Yellowstone.
Danny Huston as Dan Jenkins, a land developer with aspirations of building on parts of Yellowstone.
Gil Birmingham as Chief Thomas Rainwater, the chief of the nearby Indian reservation.

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Moses Brings Plenty as Rainwater's driver
Ian Bohen as Ryan, a cowboy wrangler
Denim Richards as Colby, a cowboy wrangler
Forrie J. Smith as Lloyd
Wendy Moniz as Governor Lynelle Perry, the Governor of Montana.
Atticus Todd as Ben Waters
Timothy Carhart as A.G. Stewart
Rudy Ramos as Felix Long
Tokala Black Elk as Sam Stands Alone
Michaela Conlin as Sarah Nguyen
Ryan Bingham as Walker
Luke Peckinpah as Fred Meyers
Walter C. Taylor III as Emmett Walsh
Fredric Lehne as Carl Reynolds
Savonna Spracklin as Alice Wahl
Robert Mirabal as Principle Littlefield
Heather Hemmens as Melody Prescott
Katherine Cunningham as Christina
John Aylward as Father Bob
Morningstar Angeline as Samantha Long
Bill Tangradi as Alan Keene
Michael Nouri as Bob Schwartz
Gretchen Mol as Evelyn Dutton, the late wife of John Dutton, mother to Jaime, Beth, Kayce, and stepmother to John's eldest son, Lee.
Barret Swatek as Victoria Jenkins, the wife of Dan Jenkins.
Hugh Dillon as Sheriff Donnie Haskell
Neal McDonough as Malcolm Beck (season 2)

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Dave Annable as Lee Dutton ("Daybreak")
Jill Hennessy as Senator Huntington ("Daybreak"), an ally of Chief Rainwater.
Jeremiah Bitsui as Robert Long ("Daybreak")
Geno Segers as Danny Trudeau ("No Good Horses")
Taylor Sheridan as Travis Wheatley ("Coming Home")
Tinsel Korey as Emily Sessions ("A Monster Is Among Us")
Mike Faiola as Dr. Fielding ("A Monster Is Among Us")
Brian Unger as Dr. Stafford ("A Monster Is Among Us")
Hugh Dillon as Sheriff Donnie Haskell ("The Unravelling: Pt. 1")
Tanaya Beatty as Avery ("The Unravelling: Pt. 2")
James Pickens Jr. as Old Cowboy ("The Unravelling: Pt. 2")

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)1"Daybreak"Taylor SheridanStory by : Taylor Sheridan & John Linson Teleplay by : Taylor SheridanJune 20, 2018 (2018-06-20)2.83[2]
2"Kill the Messenger"Taylor SheridanStory by : Taylor Sheridan & John Linson Teleplay by : Taylor SheridanJune 27, 2018 (2018-06-27)2.07[3]
3"No Good Horses"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanJuly 11, 2018 (2018-07-11)2.17[4]
4"The Long Black Train"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanJuly 18, 2018 (2018-07-18)1.89[5]
5"Coming Home"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanJuly 25, 2018 (2018-07-25)1.95[6]
6"The Remembering"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanAugust 1, 2018 (2018-08-01)2.10[7]
7"A Monster Is Among Us"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanAugust 8, 2018 (2018-08-08)2.08[8]
8"The Unravelling, Pt. 1"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanAugust 15, 2018 (2018-08-15)2.13[9]
9"The Unravelling, Pt. 2"Taylor SheridanTaylor SheridanAugust 22, 2018 (2018-08-22)2.37[10]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In 2013, Taylor Sheridan began work on the series, having recently grown tired of acting and begun writing screenplays. Having lived in the rural parts of states such as Texas and Wyoming, Sheridan purposely set the series in Montana and went about writing the first scripts in Livingston.[11]

text: On May 3, 2017, it was announced that the Paramount Network had greenlit its first scripted series, Yellowstone. Paramount issued a series order for a first season consisting of ten episodes. The series was set to be written, directed, and executive-produced by Sheridan. Other executive producers were to include John Linson, Art Linson, Harvey Weinstein, and David Glasser. Production companies involved with the series were set to consist of Linson Entertainment and The Weinstein Company.[1]

text: On October 12, 2017, it was announced that following reports of sexual abuse allegations against producer Harvey Weinstein, his name would be removed from the series' credits as would The Weinstein Company as well.[12] On January 15, 2018, Kevin Kay, president of Paramount Network, clarified during the annual Television Critics Association's winter press tour that Yellowstone will not have The Weinstein Company's credits or logo on them, even though that company was involved in production. Furthermore, he stated that their intent is to replace Weinstein Television with the company's new name in the show's credits when available.[13] That same day, it was also announced that the series would premiere on June 20, 2018.[14]

text: On July 24, 2018, it was announced that Paramount Network had renewed the series for a second season that was expected to premiere in 2019.[15]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On May 15, 2017, it was announced that Kevin Costner had been cast in the series lead role of John Dutton.[16] In June 2017, it was reported that Luke Grimes, Cole Hauser, Wes Bentley, and Kelly Reilly had joined the cast as series regulars.[17][18] On July 13, 2017, it was announced that Kelsey Asbille had been cast in a main role.[19] In August 2017, it was reported that Dave Annable, Gil Birmingham, and Jefferson White had been added to the main cast while Wendy Moniz, Gretchen Mol, Jill Hennessy, Patrick St. Esprit, Ian Bohen, Denim Richards, and Golden Brooks were joining the cast in a recurring capacity.[20][21][22][23] In November 2017, it was announced that Michaela Conlin and Josh Lucas had been added to the cast in recurring roles.[24][25] On December 19, 2017, it was reported that Heather Hemmens was joining the cast in a recurring capacity.[26] On June 13, 2018, it was announced that Barret Swatek had been cast in a recurring role.[27] On September 14, 2018, it was announced that Neal McDonough was joining the cast of season two in a recurring capacity.[28]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for the series began in August 2017 at the Chief Joseph Ranch in Darby, Montana, which stands in as the home of John Dutton. Filming also took place that month near Park City, Utah. The production used all three soundstages at the Utah Film Studio in Park City, which is a total of 45,000 square feet. The building also houses offices, editing, a huge wardrobe department and construction shops. By November 2017, the series had filmed in more than twenty locations in Utah, including the Salt Flats and Spanish Fork. Additionally, filming also took place at various locations in Montana. Production was reportedly set to last until December 2017.[29][30]

text: Music[edit]

text: The series' score was composed by Brian Tyler who worked with musicians from the London Philharmonia Orchestra and viola, cello, and violin soloists. On August 17, 2018, the soundtrack for the first season was released by Sony Music.[31]

text: Release[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On February 28, 2018, a teaser trailer for the series was released.[32] On April 26, 2018, the first full trailer was released.[33]

text: Premiere[edit]

text: On June 25, 2018, the series held a screening at Seriesfest, an annual international television festival, at the Red Rocks Amphitheatre in Denver, Colorado.[34][35]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The series was met with a mixed response from critics upon its premiere. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the first season holds a 51% approval rating, with an average rating of 5.86 out of 10 based on 35 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Yellowstone proves too melodramatic to be taken seriously, diminishing the effects of the talented cast and beautiful backdrops."[36] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 53 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[37]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The two-hour series premiere of Yellowstone averaged 2.8 million viewers in live + same day and became the most-watched original scripted series telecast ever on Paramount Network (or its predecessor Spike). The premiere audience grows to nearly 4 million when the two encore airings of the premiere are factored in. The premiere audience more than doubled that of Paramount Network's first scripted drama series, Waco and more than tripled the debut viewership of Paramount Network's new comedy series, American Woman.[38] It was later reported that the premiere's Live+3 Nielsen ratings revealed that 4.8 million viewers ultimately watched the premiere after delayed viewing was factored in.[39] By the series' third episode, it was reported that the show had become the second most watched television series on ad-supported cable to air in 2018, only behind AMC's The Walking Dead.[40]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"Daybreak"

June 20, 2018
0.4
2.83[2]
0.5
2.48
0.9
5.31[41]

2

"Kill the Messenger"

June 27, 2018
0.3
2.07[3]
0.4
2.22
0.7
4.29[42][a]

3

"No Good Horses"

July 11, 2018
0.4
2.17[4]
0.5
3.05
0.9
5.22[43]

4

"The Long Black Train"

July 18, 2018
0.3
1.89[5]
0.5
2.75
0.8
4.64[44]

5

"Coming Home"

July 25, 2018
0.3
1.95[6]
0.6
3.03
0.9
4.98[45]

6

"The Remembering"

August 1, 2018
0.4
2.10[7]
0.4
2.20
0.8
4.31[46][a]

7

"A Monster Is Among Us"

August 8, 2018
0.4
2.08[8]
0.4
2.35
0.8
4.43[47][a]

8

"The Unravelling, Pt. 1"

August 15, 2018
0.4
2.13[9]
0.6
2.94
1.0
5.07[48]

9

"The Unravelling, Pt. 2"

August 22, 2018
0.4
2.37[10]
0.5
2.44
0.9
4.81[49][a]

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ Jump up to: a b c d Live +7 ratings were not available, so Live +3 ratings have been used instead.


document_title: The Final Page

question_text: how i met your mother the robin episode number

text: The Final Page

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ted's new building is set to open and he invites his favorite architecture professor, Vinick, from his college days to the grand opening. The group says that Ted has put the professor in his "pit", in that he has obsessed over him and hasn't let him go since college. This is further confirmed when the professor declines the invite. Ted takes the group to Wesleyan, intending to unleash his wrath on Vinick. After hearing one of his inspiring lectures, Ted craves Vinick's approval and shows him a sketch of the GNB building. Vinick is unimpressed and Ted brings a 3crD model, but Vinick views the attempt as pathetic. Ted realizes he has to move on.

text: Marshall and Lily explain they are in someone else's pit. Daryl, a friend from college, became obsessed with the two, causing them to feel uncomfortable. They run into Daryl at Wesleyan, having formed a company selling hacky sacks named after the three of them. He invites them to his house; Marshall and Lily fear they will be killed, but find that Daryl's company has become successful, and they unknowingly reject his offer to give them $100,000, claiming it was partly their idea. Daryl seems to accept that they don't want any part of his life.

text: Marshall calls "Jinx" on Barney when they utter the same phrase simultaneously. Future Ted explains the group takes the game very seriously; Barney had previously broken the jinx out of mockery, but later had been hit by a bus, causing everyone to follow the rules whenever they're jinxed. The group relishes Barney's silence. Robin has someone in her pit, Patrice, and plans to fire her for getting together with the man she loves. She moves on and lets Patrice stay. Barney tricks Ted into saying his name by showing him a wedding ring, breaking the jinx. Barney explains that he's serious and makes Ted promise not to tell anyone he plans to propose to Patrice. He later gets revenge on Marshall and Lily by putting them into a jinx themselves.

text: Ted's new building is opening that night, but he is distracted by his promise to Barney; he winds up asking Robin to be his date to the gala when he loses the nerve to tell her. When Ted meets up with Robin, he tells her. Robin claims to be fine with Barney's plans, she admits that she has still loved him for a long time, but cannot keep chasing after Barney if he will never feel the same way about her. Finally letting go of his pursuit of her, Ted takes Robin to the WWN building where Barney intends to propose to Patrice.

text: Marshall and Lily are excited to have their first evening away from baby Marvin, thanks to her father Mickey taking care of him. Marshall hears about Barney and the two end up missing Marvin. They decide they are more content spending the night back home with him.

text: When Robin heads to the roof of the building, she sees no sign of Patrice. Instead she finds a page from Barney's Playbook, titled "The Robin". Barney had a long plan to get back together with Robin, which started with proclaiming his love for Robin and intentionally getting shot down. He went to Patrice for help and pretended to date her so that Robin would realize her feelings for him. When Barney arrives, Robin feels that she can't trust Barney because of how he manipulated her to get to this moment. He still proclaims his love for her and proposes; Robin accepts, and they embrace and kiss.

text: At the gala, a GNB executive proposes a toast to Ted. While Robin, Barney, Marshall, and Lily are shown happily in their respective couplings, Ted stares out from the GNB building alone.

text: Production[edit]

text:
One of my favorite parts about my job is helping to share music from relatively unknown acts with a larger audience. We went through a ton of songs for this scene – including songs from much bigger acts – but this song won the day, and it was one of the most popular song uses in the show's history. I still hear from people about this one, thanking me for helping them discover this band.
Andy Gowman, How I Met Your Mother music supervisor

tag: div

text: Originally, episodes 11 and 12 were not planned to be shown together as a two-part, one-hour combined episode, but the decision was made to present them together after the show was preempted because of Hurricane Sandy. Show co-creator Carter Bays said, "we knew we wanted [episode 12] to be our Christmas episode, and we were thinking of creative ways to catch up. ... Episodes 11 and 12 really felt like two halves of the same story, so we thought, let's make this our big hour-long Christmas special."[1] Before the two episodes were combined, episode 11 was entitled "The Silence of the Jinx" and episode 12 was entitled "The Robin".[2]

text: Bays said that "the idea of a long con" represented by Barney's play to win Robin was influenced by "the final run of episodes in season four of Breaking Bad and that they "wanted a moment of, 'Ohhhhh, that's what's been going on.' Just without anyone getting blown up or poisoned." He adds that they are "not blind to the possible ickiness of how Barney went about getting Robin to say yes" but that it shows Barney's character "in a nutshell: loveable amorality."[3]

text: Series co-creator Craig Thomas added that Ted and Robin's scene in the limo packed unexpected power because the script did not call for the two characters to be teary-eyed.[4]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Donna Bowman of The A.V. Club gave the episode an A. She calls the episode "hilarious" and "touching". She says that the show "deftly and imaginatively" turned "Barney the womanizer into Barney the fiancé." She called making "Patrice ... part of the final play" a "brilliant idea". She adds that "nearly every character gets great material" in the episode.[5]

text: Ethan Alter of Television Without Pity gave the episode a C+. He described the episode as "not good" and the storyline of Barney and Robin's reunion as "painfully drawn-out". He referred to the presence of Peter Gallagher and Seth Green as "the upside" of the episode and using the "Silence of the Lambs motif as both a comic and dramatic device" as "the downside". He describes the trip to Wesleyan as "obvious, but not entirely unenjoyable filler." He says that the reveal of the final play and Barney's proposal comes "to nobody's surprise besides Robin's."[6]

text: Michael Arbeiter of Hollywood.com writes that "this week's 'big twist' that Barney was actually using his relationship with Patrice as a cover for his plan to propose to Robin is a far cry from surprising, and as such not as effective as the show might have hoped it would be." Overall, he calls the episode "one of the stronger of the season's outputs" but notes that "the show has lost a ton of its luster." He also comments that "an appearance by Ranjit can always be celebrated."[7]

text: Max Nicholson of IGN gave the episode a score of 7.8/10 (Good). He writes that Seth Green's "pathetic obsession with Lily and Marshall offered a few chuckles, as did Barney's sustained silence throughout the proceedings." He says that "in the second half ... Marshall and Lily's story took a notable downturn" but that it ends "with a satisfying reunion for Barney and Robin."[8]

text: Sandra Gonzalez of EW.com said that the first part was "a great episode in and of itself." About the second part she commented that "the proposal ... was great because it was 100 percent from Barney's heart."[9]


document_title: Northumberland Development Project

question_text: where is the new tottenham stadium being built

text: Northumberland Development Project

text: Background[edit]

text: The club stated in 2007 that it was considering options for increasing stadium capacity involving redevelopment of the current site or a move to a new site. It advised in the 2007/8 Interim Financial Statement that the preferred option would be announced in the first half of 2008, but later delayed this decision until the autumn of 2008.[13]

text: The club had also considered a move to a new site. One possibility for the club was to use the Olympic Stadium after the London 2012 Olympics. This would have involved a move out of the Tottenham area and the stadium was required to retain a running track, so the club dropped the plan.[14]

text: Design agency[edit]

text: In November 2007 Tony Winterbottom, formerly of the London Development Agency, who had worked on development of Arsenal's Emirates Stadium, was reported as leading the development of the options for the new stadium.[15] In April 2008 it was revealed in the press that investigations were taking place into the possible use of the adjacent Wingate industrial estate. If planning permission and the agreement of the current businesses there was granted, a 55–60,000-seat stadium could be constructed on the current White Hart Lane site.[16]

text: In December 2008, the design for the new stadium, by KSS Design Group and Buro Happold was revealed.[17] A new design team was announced in July 2015 alongside revised stadium plans. Populous in respect of the stadium design, the hotel and the visitor attractions; Allies and Morrison for the new homes; and Donald Insall Associates as heritage architect.[18]

text: Projected opening dates[edit]

text: The projected completion date has been put back on several occasions. In 2009, the Spurs' chairman Daniel Levy stated that Spurs intend to move into the partially built new stadium for the start of the 2012–13 season, with the final 56,250-seat venue ready for the following campaign.[19]

text: Subsequent delays in 2013 relating to compulsory purchase put the completion date back to first to 2016[20] and in April 2014, it was revised to Summer 2017.[21] Following the 2015 High Court case the opening date was revised to 2018/19 season.[10]

text: Temporary stadium options[edit]

text: Tottenham Hotspur indicated that, to mitigate delays that occurred in the planning process, it took to accelerate the construction of the new stadium, by relocating on a temporary basis to an alternative stadium venue. Several stadia were mooted for ground-sharing, including Wembley Stadium and Stadium mk, the Milton Keynes Dons' ground. Other locations include the Boleyn Ground once West Ham United have relocated to the London Stadium, the Rugby Football Union's Twickenham Stadium, and even a ground-share with West Ham at London Stadium in Stratford.[10] After some time it was announced on 28 May 2016, that Tottenham would play European matches at Wembley from the 2016/17 season, with all home games to be played at the stadium in the 2017/18 season.[22]

text: Development project plans[edit]

text: The Northumberland Development Project covers an area of around 20 acres (81,000 m2), bordered by Park Lane to the South, Worcester Avenue to the East, Northumberland Park to the North and the High Road to the West. Initial plans were that the new stadium would be built alongside the existing White Hart Lane[23]

text: Tottenham Hotspur had originally planned to move into the new stadium, while it is partially built, for the beginning of the 2012–13 season, and the stadium would be completed by the end of the following season.[4] However, delays due to the compulsory purchase order, need to submit revised plans and seek funding have delayed the project. September 2012 saw the start of the project with work on the site where a Sainsbury's supermarket is now located, as part of Phase 1, the construction of Lilywhite House. The estimated completion date of the whole project was then anticipated as 2016.[20]

text: Spurs have not released the projected cost of the stadium, although it is estimated the original plans were around £400 million.[24][25] Instead of maintaining the White Hart Lane name, the club plans to pursue corporate sponsorship of the stadium,[3] with Spurs eyeing potential suitors in the UAE and FedEx.[26]

text: The project overall design announced in July 2015 comprises:

text:
Stadium with a 61,000 capacity, including a single tier stand with 17,000 seats. Incorporating fully retractable pitch for NFL games.[18]
Media and medical facilities along with player changing facilities were enhanced in the June 2015 design revision with stadium car parking relocated from ground level to a newly designed basement area.[27]
Offices incorporating both Grade II listed and new buildings comprising ticket offices, club store the Tottenham Hotspur Foundation and museum.[18]
Public open space, incorporating a multi-use games area and cafes.[18]
Redevelopment of the High Road for improved crowd management.[18]
579 new homes (increased from 200 in 2012), including affordable housing.[18]
New 180 bedroom hotel with 49 serviced apartments will occupy the upper floors.[18]
New community health centre.[18]
Extreme Sports venue, including the tallest indoor climbing wall in the world.[18]
Sainsbury's supermarket with parking, with club offices above.[28] The supermarket opened in November 2013, with the offices in February 2015, as the completed Lilywhite House.[29]
A primary school run by the E-ACT Free Schools Trust in partnership with the Department for Education and the club.[30]
A University Technical College specialising in sports, science and health in partnership with Middlesex University was given provisional approval by the Secretary of State for Education in April 2013 and final agreement was reached with the club in September 2013. But in September 2017 it will be the building used for the London Academy of Excellence Tottenham.[31][32] The building itself was opened in September 2014 in the Lilywhite House.[29]

text: The club, which is a founding participant of the 10:10 environmental campaign has summarised the energy saving measures and other environmentally friendly elements of the project which it claims will reduce carbon dioxide emissions by around 40% compared to current Building Regulation requirements and make it one of the most environmentally sustainable stadiums in the United Kingdom.

text: Project funding[edit]

text: On 21 August 2009 Tottenham Hotspur made a Stock Exchange announcement that it was issuing 30 million new shares aimed at raising £15 million to fund the first stage of the proposed development. The funds specifically relate to the professional costs required to advance the project to the point where a full planning application can be submitted. The club's major shareholder, ENIC International Ltd subscribed to take up 27.8 million of the shares.[33] The club have also bid for an investment from the Regional Growth Fund (RGF). A decision is still awaited.[34]

text: On 22 July 2011, supporter group Supporting Our Future submitted a proposal for a £50 million funding initiative to Spurs to support the Northumberland Development Project[35] by way of a Community Share scheme. This proposal was presented after polling Spurs fans on their views of the club and Northumberland Park Development,[36] and extensive consultation with the club, Haringey Council, and Supporters Direct.

text: The club announced in April 2014 that it had divested some 'non-core' properties to the west of the High Road relating to phase 1 of the project to TH Property Limited, a subsidiary of ENIC, with the proceeds used to pay down debt secured against those properties.[21]

text: NFL[edit]

text: In April 2017, it was reported that the NFL contributed £10 million to provide American football accommodations in exchange for allowing at least two[b] NFL games per year in the stadium.[37]

text:
List of NFL London Games at Tottenham

Year
Date
UK Broadcaster
Designated Home
Score
Designated Away
Score
Attendance
Pre-game show

2018
14 October
TBC
 Oakland Raiders

 Seattle Seahawks

TBC

text: Planning permission[edit]

text: Planning applications[edit]

text: The club originally submitted a planning application for the stadium to Haringey Council in October 2009, with a view to starting construction in 2010. However, following criticism by English Heritage, and the Government’s advisory body on architecture, the Commission for Architecture and the Built Environment, and other conservation groups about the proposed demolition of listed buildings, in May 2010 the club withdrew its planning application in favour of a revised plan, which retained the listed buildings, reduced the number of new-build residential houses and improved the public spaces.[38] On 30 September the Planning Committee of Haringey Council unanimously approved the revised planning application. Daniel Levy, Tottenham chairman said:-

text:
“
Clearly we are delighted with this unanimous decision and are grateful to all those who expressed such clear support for the plans. I should stress that there is still much work to be done. We shall continue to work with Haringey Council and the application will now be considered by the Mayor of London and referred to the Secretary of State."[5]
”

text: The Mayor of London gave his approval to the plans to redevelop the stadium on 25 November 2010. The club confirmed, on 9 December 2010, that the Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs had written to confirm that she did not propose to call in the planning application and that English Heritage would not be seeking further consideration of the listed building consent application for the Northumberland Development Project, the club concluded the Section 106 agreement with Haringey Council and planning permission was granted on 20 September 2011.[39]

text: In December 2015, largely revised plans were approved by Haringey Council that would enable the higher capacity 61,000 seat stadium to be built as well as widening of the High Road pavement leading to the new stadium by demolishing three buildings (Edmonton Dispensary, The Red House, and the former White Hart Public House).[40]

text: Regeneration and infrastructure projects[edit]

text: Following the riots in the Tottenham area other parts of London and elsewhere in England in August 2011 the Greater London Authority and Haringey Council announced on 28 September that it would relieve the club of all community infrastructure payments that planners would normally require, estimated at £8.5m, and to provide a further £8.5m for regeneration and infrastructure projects.[41] As part of the agreement an additional £9m was also committed by the London Borough of Haringey to improve services for residents in the area.[42]

text: Reports that the development would not be pursued resulted in concessions by Haringey Council on the section 106 planning obligations for the development. The initial demand of 50% affordable housing was abandoned while Spurs increased the number of dwellings to be created as part of the development from 200 to 285 market-rates homes. The initial Section 106 agreement for £16.436m investment in community infrastructure was reduced to £0.477m.[43] The council agreed instead in February 2012 to produce an "area-wide regeneration masterplan" involving the mass clearance of the existing homes and businesses, the creation of a relocated White Hart Lane station and a walkway for fans from the station to the stadium, and the building of new apartments.[44] This is a controversial outcome, given the high levels of deprivation in Tottenham and the high levels of demand for social housing. The club planned to rename the White Hart Lane station to Tottenham Hotspur.[45]

text: Compulsory purchase order proceedings[edit]

text: In April 2013 a Public Inquiry was held about the last remaining property to be acquired. Following this, the Planning Inspector recommended refusal of Haringey's application for a Compulsory Purchase Order in his report dated 24 September 2013, because he thought it was unacceptable that the London Borough of Haringey had waived the affordable housing requirement in the original S.106 Agreement.[46]

text: On 11 July 2014, a much delayed decision by Eric Pickles, the Secretary of State for the Department for Communities and Local Government agreed with a compulsory purchase order made by the London Borough of Haringey enabling the project to proceed.[7] Tottenham Hotspur issued a statement reporting it had ensured that the plans for the new stadium had been "optimised and future-proofed" during the long process of granting the compulsory purchase order.[47]

text: In September 2014, the remaining business with two plots on the development site, Archway Sheet Metal Works, initiated a legal challenge in the High Court that the compulsory purchase order was unlawful and invalid.[48]

text: On 20 February 2015, the High Court judge ruled that the compulsory purchase order was legal and valid. He also refused permission to appeal though it could be referred directly to the Court of Appeal,[8] which on 13 March 2015 Archway Steel confirmed to the Club it would not be pursuing.[49] On 31 March 2015, in a joint statement the Club and Archway Sheet Metal Works announced that agreement had been concluded on the sale of the remaining plots on the Paxton Road required for the development to proceed.[50]

text: Olympic Stadium plans[edit]

text: On 1 October 2010 Daniel Levy confirmed in a press statement issued following planning approval of the Northumberland Development plan the previous day that the club had also registered an interest in the Olympic Stadium site in conjunction with AEG (Europe) as the deadline for declaring interest was on 30 September 2010. The Chairman explained that:-

text:
“
It is only prudent and good management that we ensure that we investigate all possible options for the club. We were informed by the Olympic Park Legacy Company that were we not to register an interest at this time, there would not be an opportunity at any future date.[5]
”

text: On 12 November 2010 the Olympic Park Legacy Company (OPLC) announced that together with West Ham United, the Tottenham Hotspur/AEG consortium were the preferred bidders to take over the Olympic stadium after the 2012 Olympics. The OPLC advised that negotiations would proceed with both bidders and the winning bid would be confirmed in March 2011.[51] On 13 January 2011, David Lammy, the Member of Parliament for Tottenham threatened to take legal action against the use of name 'Tottenham' if the club went ahead with a move out of Tottenham.[52]

text: The OPLC announced on 11 February 2011, that West Ham had been selected as the preferred bidder for the Olympic Stadium, subject to the decision being ratified by Government departments and the Mayor of London. In a statement Tottenham Hotspur advised that as the deal was not yet concluded the club would continue to "monitor the situation".[53] Spurs then applied for a judicial review to overturn the OPLC's decision, however this appeal was rejected in June 2011[54]

text: The Olympic Legacy Company announced on 5 July 2011 that an independent review into the awarding of the Olympic Park Stadium to West Ham F.C. was to be carried out on its behalf by auditors Moore Stephens. This was a consequence of the discovery on 30 June 2011 that an employee of the Legacy Company, Dionne Knight, had been engaged by West Ham to carry out consultancy work relating to the Olympic Stadium without permission of the OPLC. The OPLC announced that Ms Knight had been suspended while a possible conflict of interest was investigated.

text: It also became known that Ms Knight had already declared to the OPLC that she was in a personal relationship with a director of the football club. Meanwhile, Tottenham Hotspur announced it was seeking another judicial review of the decision to award the stadium to West Ham after the Olympics.[55]

text: On 24 August 2011, Tottenham and Leyton Orient won a review of the decision, being told that they had an arguable case.[56] The review was due to take place on 18 October 2011. However, on 11 October 2011 the deal to sell the stadium to West Ham collapsed.[57] On 17 October 2011 it was announced by the government that Tottenham Hotspur (and Leyton Orient F.C.) had withdrawn legal action seeking a judicial review into the handing of the Olympic Stadium to West Ham.[58]


document_title: Turkey fryer

question_text: what temperature does oil have to be to fry a turkey

text: Turkey fryer

text: Equipment[edit]

text: A traditional turkey fryer kit consists of a burner, a large stock pot with lid, a basket and/or poultry holder, a lifter and a thermometer. The burner operates on a standard propane tank that usually must be purchased separately. Current burner units are much lower than the original design so as to increase stability and help prevent tip-overs. Lower cost units use an aluminum stock pot and a steel burner while higher-end units include a stainless steel pot and burner. Some stock pots may have an integrated valve to drain the oil. The poultry holder consists of an aluminum or stainless steel disk with a metal rod formed into a loop with the ends affixed to the center of the disk. The loop is placed through the cavity of the turkey and the lifter is used to lower and remove the turkey. If a basket is used, it includes a bail that is grabbed by the lifter. The thermometer has a long probe and is used to monitor the temperature of the oil. The fryer can also be used to cook other poultry and seafood. The stock pot lid is used to cover the pot only when not actually frying or when preparing other foods by boiling in water. Heavy gloves and an apron are recommended.

text: Some vendors now offer an add-on temperature control valve. This consists of a valve that goes between the propane tank and the burner and a lead with a thermal sensor. The sensor is placed into the oil and the valve adjusts the flame to achieve a constant temperature.

text: Electric turkey fryers have been introduced that can be used indoors. Although the electric fryer does not heat up as fast as with propane, it includes a thermostat with a timer and a thermal safety shut-off. Electric fryers can also be used to prepare other foods by frying or boiling.

text: Safety[edit]

text: This section contains instructions, advice, or how-to content. The purpose of Wikipedia is to present facts, not to train. Please help improve this article either by rewriting the how-to content or by moving it to Wikiversity, Wikibooks or Wikivoyage. (March 2014)

text: Deep-frying a turkey uses oil over an open flame, thus it presents some hazards. The operation must be considered hazardous from the time the flame is lit to the time the turkey is removed and the oil is cooled.

text:
A propane burner must never be used indoors, on a wooden deck, under a roof, tree, or near any flammable materials.
The propane tank must be placed as far away from the cooker as possible.
It is critical to note that oil expands in volume by over 10% at cooking temperature. Leave room for expansion when filling the pot with oil.
Never leave the fryer unattended.
The turkey must be fully thawed or fresh and must be dry. If ice contacts boiling oil it will cause a boilover and a fire hazard.[2]
Always measure the amount of oil needed and never overfill the pot. Place the turkey in the empty pot and fill with oil to 1 inch from the top of the turkey (not the top of the pot). Remove the turkey and heat oil.
Keep children and pets away from the fryer during and after operation.
Ensure a fire extinguisher rated for flammable liquids is readily available.
Use a thermometer to monitor the temperature of the oil during operation and keep the temperature at 350 °F (175 °C). Reduce the heat immediately if the oil begins to smoke.
Use heavy gloves or oven mitts and wear a long-sleeve shirt. Wear closed-toe shoes, not sandals.
Do not consume alcohol during the process.
Turn the burner off before putting the turkey into the oil. This is done so that in the event of oil overflowing, it will not ignite. Relight the burner if all is well.
Lower and remove the turkey carefully and slowly to avoid oil splashing or spillage.

text: There is also a possibility that an overheated turkey fryer can explode. Also, if the oil ignites, it can be what one Underwriters Laboratories representative called "a vertical flame thrower".[3] A number of homes and other buildings (such as garages) have been destroyed due to the unsafe use of a turkey fryer and UL has refused to list turkey fryers, releasing a short and graphic explanatory video on their concerns.[4]

text: Preparation[edit]

text: Deep-frying requires a cooking oil with a high smoke point such as canola oil, peanut oil, safflower oil or a blend. Cooking time is about four minutes per pound (or about 7 minutes per kilo) of turkey, so a 15-pound turkey needs to be cooked for about one hour in 350 °F (175 °C) oil. Oil can be recovered, stored, and reused several times before it becomes rancid or contaminated. Storage life can be extended by filtering used oil and keeping it cool. A generous rub of salt and pepper may be used to increase flavor. The turkey can also be seasoned with an injectable marinade. Fried turkeys cannot be stuffed, nor do they provide drippings or broth for gravy.

text: Nutrition[edit]

text: After roasting, the most common method of turkey preparation is deep-frying, southern style, which involves submerging the whole turkey into a deep frying vat.

text: If performed properly, deep-frying does not make food excessively greasy, because the moisture in the food repels the oil. The hot oil heats the water within the food, steaming it from the inside out; oil cannot go against the direction of this powerful flow because (due to its high temperature) the water vapor pushes the bubbles toward the surface.

text: While a 9-ounce serving of roasted turkey (mixed parts) weighs in with 548 calories and 27 grams of fat, the same size serving of turkey, deep fried in peanut oil, has about 574 calories and 31 grams of fat.

text: Even though southern cooking doesn’t have a reputation for being the healthiest of American fare,

text: fried turkey is traditionally prepared in peanut oil because it naturally maintains high temperatures throughout the cooking process and stops the oil from absorbing into the meat. This results in a bird that's crispy on the outside, moist on the inside and has a slight nutty taste. Deep-frying cuts way down on cooking time as it takes about three minutes per pound, as opposed to the hours needed to roast a turkey.

text: Furthermore, peanut oil is recommended as the preferred oil to deep fry a turkey in. Aside from its delicious taste,

text: peanut oil is one of the healthiest oils. It is a vegetable oil that is naturally trans fat-free, cholesterol free, and low in saturated fats. Peanut oil is high in unsaturated fats, especially monounsaturated fat, like olive oil. It is also a source of the antioxidant, vitamin E and phytosterols, which benefit heart-health. Peanut oil is also a perfect choice for healthier frying because it can be heated to a higher temperature than other oils, and this results in lower oil pick up in the food.