document_title: Incredibles 2

question_text: who does the voice for the dad in incredibles 2

text: Incredibles 2

text: Plot

text: Three months after defeating Syndrome, the Parr family pursue the Underminer. Although the villain robs the Metroville Bank and escapes, they manage to stop his out-of-control drill tank from destroying Metroville's City Hall with help from Lucius Best. However, the amount of collateral damage caused by the incident prompts the government to shut down the Superhero Relocation Program, leaving the Parrs without financial assistance from the head of the program, Rick Dicker. After Dicker learns that Violet's date, Tony Rydinger, is aware of Violet's superhero identity, he has that part of Tony's memory erased. That night, Lucius informs Bob and Helen of an offer presented to him by Winston Deavor, a superhero fan and the owner of DevTech, a telecommunications corporation. Winston and his sister, Evelyn – the genius inventor behind DevTech technology – propose a publicity stunt to regain the public's trust in Supers.

text: Helen is chosen to spearhead the stunt under her old identity, Elastigirl. Winston provides the Parr family with a new home, and Bob offers to look after the kids while Helen is away. Bob struggles with his new role as a stay-at-home parent: Dash is having trouble with math, and Violet becomes withdrawn after learning that Tony had his entire memory of her wiped by Dicker. Jack-Jack also displays his various superpowers in an uncontrollable manner, requiring him to be temporarily babysat by Edna Mode, who develops a suit designed to help control his abilities. Meanwhile, whilst on her missions in the city of New Urbem, Elastigirl confronts the Screenslaver, a mysterious supervillain who projects hypnotic images using television screens. She eventually tracks down and captures the villain, who is unmasked as a pizza delivery man with no recollection of his actions.

text: At a DevTech party celebrating the Screenslaver's defeat, Winston announces a summit with leaders of various countries to legalize Supers once again, to be hosted aboard the Everjust, a luxury hydrofoil ship. Unsettled by the ease with which she captured the Screenslaver, Elastigirl investigates further and realizes that the Screenslaver was being controlled by screens within a pair of mind control goggles. Before she can alert anyone, Evelyn forces the goggles onto her, revealing herself to be the mastermind behind the Screenslaver. Evelyn reveals that her hatred for Supers stems from the murder of her father, who was shot by house burglars while trying unsuccessfully to contact his associates, Gazerbeam and Fironic. Evelyn plans to use the Supers to sabotage her brother's summit and cause a catastrophe that will tarnish the reputation of Supers. Using a hypnotized Elastigirl, she lures Mr. Incredible into a trap, then sends other hypnotized Supers invited to the event to subdue the Parr children. Frozone arrives at the house to protect the children, but is overwhelmed and placed under Evelyn's control as well.

text: Violet, Dash, and Jack-Jack escape with the help of the Incredi-bile, a high-tech car once owned by Bob during his time as Mr. Incredible, and reach the Everjust. On board, the hypnotized Mr. Incredible, Elastigirl, and Frozone recite a vindictive manifesto on air to paint Supers as a menace. They subdue the ship's crew members and aim the high-speed ship at Municiberg before destroying the controls. When the Parr children find them, Jack-Jack telekinetically removes the goggles from Elastigirl, who in turn frees Mr. Incredible and Frozone. A battle ensues on the ship in which the Parrs and Frozone release all the other mind-controlled Supers by destroying their goggles. With Mr. Incredible swimming underwater to turn the rudder and Frozone creating layers of ice, they manage to slow the Everjust enough to prevent it from crashing into the city. Evelyn tries to escape in a jet, but is captured by Elastigirl. Following the incident, Evelyn is arrested, and Supers around the world regain full legal status.

text: Sometime later, Tony accompanies Violet and her family to see a movie. Outside the theater, the Parrs spot a high-speed pursuit between police and gunmen. Violet leaves Tony at the theater and promises to be back in time for the movie, before the Parrs don their masks, ready to give chase in a refurbished Incredi-bile.

text: Voice cast

text:
Craig T. Nelson as Bob Parr / Mr. Incredible, who possesses super strength and limited invulnerability.[5]
Holly Hunter as Helen Parr / Elastigirl, who has the ability to stretch her body into many shapes and forms.[6]
Sarah Vowell as Violet Parr, the family's daughter and first child, who can become invisible and project force fields for limited lengths of time.[5]
Huckleberry Milner as Dashiell "Dash" Parr, the family's troublemaker first son, who has superhuman speed. He was previously voiced by Spencer Fox in the first film.[5]
Eli Fucile as Jack-Jack Parr, the infant son of Bob and Helen who has a large assortment of powers.
Nicholas Bird provides the vocal effects of Jack-Jack's monster form.
Samuel L. Jackson as Lucius Best / Frozone, Bob's best friend, who has the ability to form ice from humidity.[7]
Bob Odenkirk as Winston Deavor, a superhero fan who leads a telecommunications company with his sister Evelyn, and wants to bring back superheroes by revamping the public's perception of them.[8][9][10]
Catherine Keener as Evelyn Deavor, Winston's younger sister, the mastermind behind the Screenslaver, and a technological genius who has never encountered a problem she could not solve.[8][9][10]
Bill Wise as a pizza delivery man converted into a villain by the real "Screenslaver", who hijacks screens to project hypnotic images in order to hypnotize civilians.[11][12]
Brad Bird as Edna Mode, a fashion designer for superheroes and a close friend of the Parrs.[5]
Jonathan Banks as Rick Dicker, a government agent responsible for helping the Parrs stay undercover and unremarkable. When his department is shut down, the Parrs are left to their own devices. He was previously voiced by Bud Luckey in the first film, who died in 2018 and to whom the film is dedicated.[9][10]
Michael Bird as Tony Rydinger, Violet's love interest.[12]
Sophia Bush as Karen / Voyd, a young Elastigirl fan who aspires to be a true superhero, with the power to create wormholes.[9][10]
Phil LaMarr as Krushauer and He-Lectrix, two Supers who, alongside Voyd, aspire to be true superheroes. Krushauer has the power of telekinesis while Helectrix has the power of controlling and projecting electrical currents.[13]
Paul Eiding as Gus Burns / Reflux, an elderly Super who aspires to be a true superhero, with the power of heaving hot lava.[13]
Isabella Rossellini as The Ambassador, a dignified foreign official committed to the support and legalization of superheroes.[9][14]
John Ratzenberger as The Underminer, a mole-like supervillain who seeks to bring war and destruction to the world.[13]
Barry Bostwick as Mayor
Jere Burns as Detective No. 1
Adam Rodriguez as Detective No. 2
Kimberly Adair Clark as Honey Best, Frozone's wife.[12]
Usher as Lucius Best's valet[15]

text: Production

text: Development

text: Following The Incredibles, Brad Bird directed his next film for Pixar, Ratatouille, which was released in June 2007. Near its premiere, Bird said he was open to an idea of a sequel to The Incredibles, but only if it could be even better than the original. He stated, "I have pieces that I think are good, but I don't have them all together."[16]

text: In a May 2013 interview, Bird reiterated his interest in a sequel: "I have been thinking about it. People think that I have not been, but I have—because I love those characters, and love that world." He added: "I am stroking my chin and scratching my head. I have many, many elements that I think would work really well in another Incredibles film, and if I can get 'em to click all together, I would probably wanna do that."[17] While publicizing the first film, Bird had already conceptualized the eventual approach where Bob and Helen would switch roles, and Jack-Jack would develop multiple powers as yet unknown to the family.[18]

text: At the Disney shareholder meeting in March 2014, Disney CEO and chairman Bob Iger confirmed that Pixar was working on an Incredibles sequel, and that Bird would return as writer.[19] Bird started the script around April 2015,[20] and said that the Incredibles sequel would be his next film after Tomorrowland.[21]

text: One challenge in writing Incredibles 2 was how to deal with the large number of superhero films and television series that had been released since the first film, such as the Marvel Cinematic Universe.[22] To try to differentiate the sequel, Bird wanted to avoid tropes related to the superhero genre: "I don't think that kind of idea stays interesting for very long. For me, the interesting thing was never the superhero part of it. It was more the family dynamic, and how do superhero things play into that."[23] He said he wanted to include some unused ideas that "didn't fit" in the first film,[24][25] and that the new story would focus on Helen Parr / Elastigirl.[26] Even though the sequel was released fourteen years after the first, Bird did not want to use a narrative element like a timeskip or to come up with new characters, and instead continued from where the first film left off. This allowed him to keep characters with the same superpowers and not have to develop new ones, nor did he need to figure out how to deal with Violet and Dash being adults. This also allowed him to keep Jack-Jack as an infant with a variable array of powers, which Bird likened to how infants are able to understand numerous languages.[27] While the plot of the 2005 follow-up video game to The Incredibles, The Incredibles: Rise of the Underminer, begins at that same point of time,[28] the film discards the game's continuity.  The film was produced with a production budget of $200 million.[29][30]

text: One advantage that Pixar had with Incredibles 2 was the advancement of technology the company had seen since the original film and a team of much more experienced animators. Producer John Walker said, "I think that one of the things that excited Brad and Ralph Eggleston, the production designer, was the fact that the technology existed now to finally realize the designs in the way that they had hoped to realize them in 2004. There were no notions of, 'Well, we don't know how to do long hair, we don't know how to do humans, we don't know how to do muscles.' Everybody knows how to do it. It's just now about doing it quickly."[31] Because Pixar no longer used the same systems from the first movie, all the characters had to be created from scratch on the computer again. The studio also used physically-based human eye models for the characters for the first time, even if the eyes are larger and more stylized than in real humans.[32]

text: Casting

text: Pixar announced in November 2016 that both Holly Hunter and Samuel L. Jackson would return to reprise their roles,[6][7] and at the July 2017 D23 Expo that both Craig T. Nelson and Sarah Vowell would also return with them. Spencer Fox, the original voice of Dashiell "Dash" Parr, was replaced in the sequel by younger newcomer Huckleberry Milner.[5] Also that July, Brad Bird and John Ratzenberger were confirmed as reprising their characters from the first film.[26][8]

text: In November 2017, Pixar announced that Bob Odenkirk and Catherine Keener had been signed to the cast,[8] but did not disclose their roles as new characters Winston and Evelyn Deavor until a later date.[citation needed] In January 2018, it was announced that Sophia Bush and Isabella Rossellini would voice new characters Voyd and The Ambassador, while Jonathan Banks would voice Rick Dicker after the character's original voice actor Bud Luckey retired in 2014;[9][10] after his death in 2018, the film was dedicated to Luckey's memory.[33]

text: Music

text: In 2015, Bird confirmed that Michael Giacchino would return to compose the score.[34] Giacchino began work on it around May 2017.[35]

text: The soundtrack album was released on June 15, 2018. In addition to the film's score, it includes the vocalized theme songs for Mr. Incredible, Frozone, and Elastigirl heard in the credits, as well as bonus versions of the songs sung by Disney's a cappella group, DCappella, and the latter's version of the track "The Glory Days" from the first film.[36]

text: Track listing

text: All music composed by Michael Giacchino, except where noted, and additional music by Mick Giacchino.

text: showIncredibles 2: Original Motion Picture SoundtrackNo.TitleLength1."Episode 2"0:502."A Tony Perspective"2:083."Consider Yourselves Undermined!"5:124."A Matter of Perception"1:505."Diggin' the New Digs"1:426."This Ain't My Super-Suit?"0:577."Elastigirl Is Back"1:008."Train of Taut"3:179."Rocky vs. Jack-Jack"1:5810."Ambassador Ambush"2:2911."Hero Worship"1:0812."Searching for a Screenslaver"4:4013."Super Legal Again"0:4214."Renouncing the Renunciation"1:3815."World's Worst Babysitters"1:3316."Helen of Ploy"0:5517."A Dash of Reality"2:0318."Hydrofoiled Again"3:5119."Jack Splat"1:3020."A Bridge Too Parr"4:1721."Together Forever and Deavor"1:4522."Elastigirl's Got a Plane to Catch"3:0023."Looks like I Picked the Wrong Week to Quit Oxygen"1:5924."Happily After-Deavor"1:1525."Out and a Bout"0:3626."Incredits 2"9:5127."Here Comes Elastigirl – Elastigirl's Theme" (lyrics also by Michael Giacchino)1:2328."Chill or Be Chilled – Frozone's Theme" (lyrics by Brad Bird)1:4029."Pow! Pow! Pow! – Mr. Incredible's Theme" (lyrics also by Michael Giacchino)1:3130."Devtechno!"1:5331."Chad Tonight Talk Show Theme" (written by Daniel Farid, Grace Giacchino and Michael Giacchino)0:0532."Chad Tonight Newscast Bumper" (written by Daniel Farid, Grace Giacchino and Michael Giacchino)0:0633."Here Comes Elastigirl – Elastigirl's Theme (A Cappella)" (performed by DCappella) (digital bonus track)1:2034."Chill or Be Chilled – Frozone's Theme (A Cappella)" (performed by DCappella) (digital bonus track)1:3635."Pow! Pow! Pow! – Mr. Incredible's Theme (A Cappella)" (performed by DCappella) (digital bonus track)1:3136."The Glory Days (A Cappella)" (performed by DCappella) (digital bonus track)1:39Total length:1:14:50

text: Release

text: The official premiere of Incredibles 2 took place in Los Angeles on June 5, 2018.[37][38] It was theatrically released in the United States on June 15, 2018,[39] including an IMAX release as part of Disney's new distribution deal with IMAX, but only in 2D.[40] It is accompanied by Pixar's short film Bao.[41] The film's release was originally scheduled for June 21, 2019, but the date was moved forward after Pixar handed the 2019 release date over to Toy Story 4, after its production fell behind schedule.[39]

text: Marketing

text: A 53-second teaser trailer premiered on November 18, 2017 during ESPN's broadcast of College GameDay. It received 113 million views in its first 24 hours, becoming the most viewed trailer for an animated film, and the 7th most-viewed trailer overall.[42] A new sneak peek premiered during the 2018 Winter Olympics on February 14.[43] On April 13, a new trailer was released.[44]

text: Merchandise

text: An Incredibles 2 graphic novel and comic miniseries was published by Dark Horse Comics in 2018. The graphic novel, titled Incredibles 2: Heroes at Home, was written by Liz Marsham and illustrated by Nicoletta Baldari. A comic miniseries, titled Incredibles 2: Crisis in Mid-Life! & Other Stories, was written by Christos Gage and Landry Walker, and illustrated by Gurihiru, J. Bone, Andrea Greppi and Roberta Zanotta.[45][46][47]

text: In May 2018, a prose novel was released entitled Incredibles 2: A Real Stretch: An Elastigirl Prequel Story, which focuses on the life of the character Elastigirl before the events of the first film.

text: A Lego video game adaptation of both films was released on the same day as Incredibles 2.[48]

text: Home media

text: Incredibles 2 will be out on digital copy on October 23, 2018, and will be out on 4K UHD Blu-ray, Blu-ray, and DVD on November 6, 2018.[49]

text: Reception

text: Box office

text: As of  August 28, 2018[update], Incredibles 2 has grossed $597.5 million in the United States and Canada, and $545.1 million in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $1.143 billion.[4]

text: On July 1, 2018, the film passed $648 million at the worldwide box office, surpassing the $633 million the original film made in its entire theatrical run.[50] It is currently the ninth highest-grossing film of all-time domestically and the highest-grossing animated film domestically.[51][52] The film crossed the $1 billion mark on July 30, 2018, becoming the seventh animated film and the 36th film of all-time to reach the milestone. It was also the fifth animated Disney film, the third Pixar film, and Disney's 18th film overall to gross $1 billion worldwide, as well as the fastest animated film to gross $1 billion, doing so in 46 days, surpassing Minions (49 days).[53] On August 12, the film surpassed Toy Story 3 ($1.067 billion) to become the highest-grossing Pixar film worldwide.[54]

text: United States and Canada

text: In April 2018, early box office projections had Incredibles 2 grossing $110 million in its opening weekend in the United States and Canada.[55] In May 2018, a month before the film's release, tracking revised to an opening weekend of $140 million or more.[56] A week prior to the film's opening, Fandango reported that pre-sale of tickets for the film had exceeded that of previous mid-year blockbusters Finding Dory, Wonder Woman, Spider-Man: Homecoming and Suicide Squad at the same point in their release cycles.[57] By the week of its release, opening weekend projections had reached upwards of $150 million.[58] A day before release, it became Fandango's top pre-selling animated film of all-time, outselling the previous record-holder, Finding Dory.[59]

text: The film grossed $18.5 million from Thursday night previews, increasing weekend projections to as high as $174 million. The previews set the record for an animated film, doubling Finding Dory's $9.2 million, and were higher than the likes of fellow superhero films Spider-Man: Homecoming, Thor: Ragnarok and Justice League. It made $71.6 million on its first day, including previews, the best-ever for an animated film (besting Dory's $54.7 million by 31%) and 14th highest all-time. It went on to debut to $182.7 million, the eighth best opening of all-time, far ahead of Finding Dory's animated record of $135.1 million and more than the entire lifetime gross of Pixar's A Bug's Life ($162.8 million), Cars 3 ($152.9 million) and The Good Dinosaur ($123.1 million).[60][61]

text: The film set animated records for its Monday and Tuesday grosses, making $23.9 million (beating the $23.4 million made by Shrek 2 in May 2004)[62] and $27.1 million (beating Finding Dory's $23.1 million), respectively. Its Tuesday gross also set a June record, topping Jurassic World ($24.3 million in 2015).[63] By Thursday, its seventh day of release, the film had grossed $269.4 million, topping the entire lifetime domestic gross of the original, not accounting for inflation ($261.4 million). In its second weekend the film dropped 56% to $80.9 million, finishing second behind newcomer Jurassic World: Fallen Kingdom ($148 million), marking the first time two films opened to over $100 million in back-to-back weekends.[64] It remained in second place in its third and fourth weekends, grossing $45.5 million and $29 million, respectively.[50] On July 7, its 23rd day of release, the film crossed $495 million, passing Finding Dory to become the highest-grossing animated film and Pixar's highest-grossing film of all-time domestically,[65] and the following day became the first animated film to gross over $500 million domestically.[66]

text: Internationally

text: Outside North America, the film made $51.5 million from 25 countries in its opening weekend, for a global debut of $231.5 million. Mexico was the largest debut with $12.3 million, followed by Australia ($7.7 million) and Russia ($5.4 million).[67] In its second weekend of release the film made $58.6 million from 28 countries, bringing its two-week total to $134.7 million. Its largest market was China where it made $21.2 million, the best ever opening for a Pixar film in the country. It was also released in India where it made $3.3 million.[68] In the United Kingdom, the film grossed $12.6 million in its opening weekend, the second biggest opening for Pixar after Toy Story 3.[69][70] The biggest markets in terms of total earnings are China ($53.5 million), followed by the UK ($52.2 million), Mexico ($37.2 million), Brazil ($35 million), and Australia ($33.1 million).[71]

text: Critical response

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 93% based on 298 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Incredibles 2 reunites Pixar's family crimefighting team for a long-awaited follow-up that may not quite live up to the original, but comes close enough to earn its name."[72] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a weighted average score of 80 out of 100, based on 51 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[73] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film a rare grade of "A+" on an A+ to F scale, the same score as the first film, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it a 93% overall positive score and an 83% "definite recommend".[60]

text: Robert Abele of TheWrap praised the film, saying: "Whatever the opposite of phoning in a sequel is, that's Brad Bird's progressive-minded, thunderously fun mix of super saves, throwback aesthetics and family comedy."[74] A.A. Dowd, writing for The A.V. Club, felt it was "A sparkling contraption of an animated comedy, funny and often wondrous in its midcentury-modern vision of an alternate America frozen in the amber of a bygone idealism."[75] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a "B+", saying: "When the Parrs are pushed out of their comfort zone, Bird settles into his... [after] inciting a Spielberg-level monorail chase that reaffirms Bird's lucid gift for kinetic and character-driven action filmmaking, the movie blasts off and never looks back."[76] Stephanie Zacharek from Time considered it "bold [and] rapturously entertaining,"[77] while David Sims at The Atlantic dubbed it "dazzling, thought-provoking, and sometimes overwhelming in terms of plotting."[78]

text: Variety's Owen Gleiberman called the film "fun but far from incredible" and wrote "It's true that the Toy Story films, all three of which are fantastic, did variations on the same theme of a toy's obsolescence, but as movies they kept the emotions close to the surface. In Incredibles 2, we never get that rush of feeling."[79] Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars and said, "Incredibles 2 is content to punch the clock and stick to straight, bombastic action mode. In that mode, composer Giacchino's music is the most successful element, running nimble, beautifully orchestrated variations on themes that feel familiar in the best ways while retaining their spark. The animation is bright and visually dynamic. The script, well … if the title were Satisfactories 2, it'd be about right."[80] Alex Hudson of Exclaim! praised the film's action sequences, but criticized the lack of original story, saying "This is a by-the-numbers redux of the first Incredibles movie – it's fun to watch, but it's too predictable to be truly gripping."[81] Ty Burr for The Boston Globe called it a "clattery, unfocused affair that at times is more irritating than fun."[82]

text: Accolades

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

Teen Choice Awards

August 12, 2018

Choice Summer Movie

Incredibles 2

Won

[83]

text: Epilepsy issues

text: Many disability advocates, including the Epilepsy Foundation, have raised concerns that scenes with flashing lights, particularly the scene of Elastigirl's fight with the Screenslaver, can trigger seizures in viewers affected by photosensitive epilepsy.[84][85][86] As a result, several theaters have started posting warnings for audiences.[87] Disney issued a statement to USA Today stating that they appreciated the efforts the theaters had already made in making signs warning people seeing the movie. They then asked theaters to warn audiences about the scene in a memo that read, "Incredibles 2 contains a sequence of flashing lights, which may affect customers who are susceptible to photosensitive epilepsy or other photosensitivities."[88]

text: In response to this, the UK released a re-edited version[89] of the film with all affected sequences altered so that any flashing lights and strobe effects now pass the Harding test.[90]

text: Future

text: Following the release of Incredibles 2, director Brad Bird acknowledged that the film's truncated production schedule resulted in many plotlines and ideas he had for the film being cut from the final version. He cited Pixar's decision in October 2016 to swap the release dates of Toy Story 4 and Incredibles 2, which meant that Bird's film lost a full year of production. Bird stated that the lingering plotlines could lead to a third installment, just as they did with the second. "There were a lot of ideas that we had on this film that could be [used]... whether it's another Incredibles film, or something else." Cast members including Samuel L. Jackson and Sophia Bush have expressed interest in reprising their roles. Producer John Walker would not "rule [a third film] out".[91]


document_title: Clash of the Titans (1981 film)

question_text: who played calibos in the original clash of the titans

root

text: Clash of the Titans (1981 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: King Acrisius of Argos imprisons his daughter Danaë, jealous of her beauty. When the god Zeus impregnates her, Acrisius banishes his daughter and his newborn grandson Perseus to sea in a wooden chest. In retribution, Zeus kills Acrisius and orders Poseidon to release the last of the Titans, a gigantic sea monster called the Kraken, to destroy Argos. Danaë and Perseus safely float to the island of Seriphos, where Perseus grows to adulthood.

tag: p

text: Calibos, evil son of the sea goddess Thetis, is engaged to marry Princess Andromeda, daughter of Queen Cassiopeia of Joppa; but for committing several atrocities against Zeus, including destroying Zeus's sacred flying horses (excepting only Pegasus), Zeus transforms Calibos into a deformed monstrous creature. In revenge, Thetis transports an adult Perseus from Seriphos to an abandoned amphitheater in Joppa, where he befriends an elderly poet named Ammon and learns that Andromeda is under a curse and cannot marry unless her suitor, upon the threat of execution if he fails, successfully answers a riddle concocted by Calibos. Zeus sends Perseus a god-crafted helmet from Athena which makes its wearer invisible, a magical sword from Aphrodite, and a shield from Hera. Perseus, wearing the helmet, captures Pegasus and follows Calibos' giant vulture carrying off Andromeda's spirit during her sleep to learn the next riddle. Perseus is discovered and nearly killed by Calibos, but manages to sever one of Calibos' hands, losing his helmet in the process.

text: The next morning, Perseus presents himself as suitor and correctly answers the riddle, winning Andromeda's hand in marriage. Finding that Thetis cannot act against Perseus, Calibos instead demands that she takes vengeance on Joppa. At the wedding, Queen Cassiopeia compares Andromeda's beauty to that of Thetis herself, whereupon Thetis demands Andromeda be sacrificed to the Kraken on pain of Joppa's destruction. Perseus seeks a way to defeat the Kraken, but Pegasus is captured by Calibos and his men. Zeus commands Athena to give Perseus her owl Bubo; but she orders Hephaestus to build a golden replica of Bubo instead, who leads Perseus to the Stygian Witches. By taking their magic eye, Perseus forces them to reveal that the only way to defeat the Kraken is by using the head of Medusa, who lives on an island in the River Styx at the edge of the Underworld. The next day, the group continues on their journey without Andromeda and Ammon, who return to Joppa.

text: On the Gorgon's island, Perseus fights and kills Medusa's guardian, a two-headed dog named Dioskilos. Perseus then enters the Gorgon's lair, where he uses the reflective underside of his shield to deceive Medusa, decapitate her, and collect her head; but the shield is dissolved by her caustic blood. As Perseus and his party set to return, Calibos enters their camp and punctures the cloak carrying Medusa's head, causing her blood to spill and produce three giant scorpions. Calibos and the scorpions attack and kill Perseus' remaining escorts, but Perseus overcomes the scorpions and thereafter kills Calibos.

text: Weakened by his struggle, Perseus sends Bubo to rescue Pegasus from Calibos' henchmen and reaches the amphitheater in Joppa, where he collapses from exhaustion. Andromeda is shackled to the sea cliffs outside Joppa, and the Kraken itself is summoned. Bubo diverts the Kraken's attention until Perseus, whose strength was secretly restored by Zeus, appears on Pegasus. In the subsequent battle, Perseus petrifies the Kraken with Medusa's head, causing it to crumble to pieces. He then tosses the head into the sea, frees Andromeda, and marries her.

text: The gods predict that Perseus and Andromeda will live happily, rule wisely, and produce children, and Zeus forbids the other gods to pursue vengeance against them. The constellations of Perseus, Andromeda, Pegasus, and Cassiopeia are created in their honor.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Harry Hamlin as Perseus
Judi Bowker as Andromeda
Burgess Meredith as Ammon
Maggie Smith as Thetis
Siân Phillips as Cassiopeia
Claire Bloom as Hera
Ursula Andress as Aphrodite
Laurence Olivier as Zeus
Pat Roach as Hephaestus
Susan Fleetwood as Athena
Tim Pigott-Smith as Thallo
Jack Gwillim as Poseidon
Neil McCarthy as Calibos
Vida Taylor as Danaë
Donald Houston as Acrisius
Flora Robson, Anna Manahan and Freda Jackson as the Stygian Witches

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: In 1978, Andor Films submitted a copy of the script to the British Board of Film Classification, seeking advice on how to secure either a "U" or an "A" certificate. The draft script included scenes which the BBFC considered would not be acceptable under those certificates, including the Kraken tearing Pegasus to pieces and Andromeda being naked during the climax of the film. Changes to the script and, on submission, some cuts to Perseus' final battle with Calibos were made and the film secured the "A" certificate: "Those aged 5 and older admitted, but not recommended for children under 14 years of age".[7]

text: Ray Harryhausen used stop motion animation to create the various creatures in the film, including Calibos, his vulture, Pegasus, Bubo the mechanical owl, Dioskilos, Medusa, the scorpions, and the Kraken. Harryhausen was also co-producer of the film, and retired from film-making shortly after it was released. Despite Bubo's similarities to the droid R2-D2 of the 1977 film Star Wars, Harryhausen claimed Bubo was created before Star Wars was released.[8] The BBFC, reviewing the film for certification in 1981, said Harryhausen's effects were well done and would give entertainment to audiences of all ages, but might appear a little "old hat" to those familiar with Star Wars and Superman.[7]

text: Columbia Pictures were initially set to distribute the film having made most of Harryhausen and producer Charles H. Schneer's films, but after a change of guard at the studio, they dropped the project during pre-production, leading to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer to pick it up instead.

text: Stars Harry Hamlin and Ursula Andress were romantically involved at the time of production. Their son, Dimitri, was born in 1980 after filming was completed, and their relationship ended in 1982.

text: Jack Gwillim, who appeared as Poseidon, had earlier played the role of King Aeëtes in the original Jason and the Argonauts in 1963.

text: The film's screenwriter, Beverley Cross, was married to Maggie Smith, who played Thetis, until his death in 1998. Cross worked with producer Charles H. Schneer before, writing the screenplay for Schneer's production of Jason and the Argonauts.

text: Reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (April 2017)

tag: table

text: Clash of the Titans was released on June 12, 1981. By the time it finished its theatrical run, it had grossed $41,000,000 in North America.[9]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 68% based on 40 reviews, and an average rating of 5.9/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "A goofy, old-school sword-and-sandal epic, Clash of the Titans mines Greek mythology for its story and fleshes it out with Ray Harryhausen's charmingly archaic stop-motion animation techniques."[10]

text: In a book published in 2000, Stephen R. Wilk suggested that "most people today who are aware of the story of Perseus and Medusa owe their knowledge to...Clash of the Titans."[11]

text: Locations[edit]

text:
The karst area in El Torcal de Antequera, Spain appears in the visit to the Stygian witches.

The Azure Window in Gozo, Malta, appears in the battle against the Kraken.

text: Other locations include:

text:
Cornwall, United Kingdom.
The Albert R. Broccoli 007 Stage, at Pinewood Studios, United Kingdom.
Paestum, Italy

text: Legacy[edit]

text: The four-issue comic book mini-series Wrath of the Titans (2007), released by TidalWave Productions as part of their Ray Harryhausen Signature Series, picked up the story 5 years after the events of the film.[12]

text: The 3D remake Clash of the Titans (2010) and its sequel Wrath of the Titans (2012) were released by the property's current rights holder Warner Bros.[13][14][15]


document_title: Lonesome Dove (miniseries)

question_text: how long did it take to make the movie lonesome dove

text: Lonesome Dove (miniseries)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Captain Augustus "Gus" McCrae and Captain Woodrow F. Call, two famous former Texas Rangers, run a livery in the small dusty Texas border town of Lonesome Dove. Gus loves women, but he's twice a widower, and Call is somewhat of a workaholic. Working with them are Joshua Deets, a black tracker and scout from their Ranger days, Pea Eye Parker, another former Ranger who works hard but isn't very bright, and Bolívar, a retired Mexican bandit who is their cook. Also living with them is Newt Dobbs, a 17-year-old whose mother was a prostitute named Maggie and whose father may be Call.

text: Part I: Leaving[edit]

text: The story begins in the small south Texas town of Lonesome Dove, on the Rio Grande, as Jake Spoon, a former Texas Ranger and comrade of Gus and Call's, shows up after an absence of more than ten years. He reveals that he is a fugitive after having accidentally shot the dentist and mayor of Fort Smith, Arkansas, in a bar-room gunfight. The dentist/mayor's brother happens to be the sheriff, July Johnson.

text: Reunited with Gus and Call, Jake's glowing description of Montana inspires Call to gather a herd of cattle and drive them there, attracted by the notion of settling pristine country. Gus is less enthusiastic, pointing out that they are getting old and that they are Rangers and traders, not cowboys. But he changes his mind when he realises Lonesome Dove has little left to offer him by way of excitement, now that much of the land has been "civilized".

text: At the continued insistence of the dentist's widow, Sheriff Johnson sets off in pursuit of Spoon, accompanied by his young stepson Joe who travels at the request of Joe's mother and Sheriff Johnson's wife Elmira. Once her son and husband have left for Texas, Elmira leaves Fort Smith for Ogallala, Nebraska, to meet up with her first husband and Joe's father, Dee Boot. Sailing up the Arkansas River on a whiskey boat, she falls in with a group of buffalo hunters.

text: Meanwhile, the men of Lonesome Dove make preparations for their adventure north, including stealing 2,500 horses and cattle from across the Rio Grande in Mexico, befriending two lost Irish immigrants, Allan and Sean O'Brien, and being joined by nearly all of the male citizens of the town. Before leaving, Gus returns to fetch his livery sign and say farewell to his pigs, who end up following him anyway.

text: Back in Fort Smith, Peach (widowed from Jake's shooting) insists that Roscoe Brown, July's timid deputy, has to find July not only to inform him that his wife's run off, but also that she is pregnant.

text: Jake decides not to travel with the herd, mainly because he promises to take the town's only prostitute, Lorena "Lorie" Wood, to San Francisco via Denver. Some time later the group survive a huge dust storm, but Sean, one of the Irishmen, is attacked by water moccasins while crossing the Nueces River.

text: Part II: On the Trail[edit]

text: The young Irishman soon succumbs to his numerous snakebites, dies, and is buried. While travelling through a forest in east Texas, Roscoe encounters Janey, a young girl fleeing from an old abusive "owner". As they travel together they are robbed, when luckily Sheriff Johnson happens to catch up with them. Meanwhile, Johnson's wife Elmira arrives by boat at Bent's Fort, Colorado, and sets off overland across the plains with two hunters she has befriended.

text: Meanwhile, the camp's cook refuses to cross the river after Sean O'Brien's mishap, so Gus and Call head into San Antonio in search of a new cook. They soon find Po Campo, who gets the job after impressing Gus and Call not only with his cooking, but with his attitude. On the way back, Gus catches up with Lorie, whom Jake has abandoned in order to go gambling in Austin. Before he returns, Gus and Lorie encounter Blue Duck, a notorious Mexican/Indian bandit from Gus and Call's Ranger days. After Gus sends Newt over to Lorie's camp to guard her, Blue Duck knocks Newt unconscious, kidnaps Lorie, and attempts to sell/barter her to a gang of Comanchero bandits camped on the Llano Estacado.

text: Knowing that Gus is in pursuit, Blue Duck asks the Comancheros to kill Gus when he arrives, with Lorie being their reward. Gus and the bandits engage in a brief gun battle that quickly turns into a stalemate. Gus, having killed his horse for cover on the flat plains, is pinned down by the bandits' gunfire until nightfall, when Sheriff Johnson's party arrives and scares them off. Johnson, despite Gus's protests, joins Gus in the rescue of Lorie. The pair then ride to a hilltop above the Comancheros' camp. After a brief one-sided gunfight, in which Gus kills all of Blue Duck's gang, Lorie is rescued.

text: But while Gus and Johnson are away, Blue Duck uses his knife to kill deputy Roscoe, Janey, and Joe. He then steals their horses and escapes. The tearful Sheriff, with Gus's help, buries them all. Gus and Lorie ride north to rejoin Call and the herd. After being severely traumatized by her capture, Lorie now regards Gus as her primary protector. Meanwhile, in a saloon in Fort Worth, oblivious of Lorie's ordeal, Jake Spoon falls in with a gang that are headed north to rob banks in Kansas.

text: Part III: The Plains[edit]

text: As they ride through the bush, Spoon and the robbers come across a group of horse wranglers. They shoot most of the wranglers and steal the horses. They then travel to a sodbuster's farm, two of whom the leader kills, hangs, and burns for no apparent reason. Although Spoon disagrees, the gang leader bullies and threatens Spoon into submission. When one of the dying wranglers is rescued by the cowboys, Call leads a posse to search for the thieves. Gus and Call quickly capture the robbers and prepare to hang them. With his last words, Jake Spoon admits that it is better to be hanged by his friends than by strangers. Jake, with his head in the noose, then spurs his horse, causing it to run from underneath him, effectively hanging himself, much to the shock and dismay of his former friends.

text: By chance, Elmira and the buffalo hunters arrive at the home of Gus' old sweetheart, Clara Allen, near the Platte River in Nebraska. Clara's husband is an invalid, having been kicked in the head by a horse. Elmira gives birth to a son, but abandons the child with Clara and goes to Ogallala in search of Dee Boot. She finds Dee in jail, where he is shortly hanged for a murder. Two weeks later, Sheriff Johnson also arrives at Clara's house and sees his abandoned son. Later in Ogallala, Sheriff Johnson sees Elmira, who is still recovering from childbirth. That night, Elmira secretly departs east for St. Louis with the two buffalo hunters, but all three are soon killed by the Sioux. Sheriff Johnson returns to Clara's house and is offered a job. Clara, having lost her own three sons to pneumonia, is quite fond of Johnson's newborn son, and names him Martin.

text: Gus and Call's cattle drive also arrives at Ogallala, where they relax and enjoy the town. Some U.S. cavalry soldiers attempt to commandeer the group's horses, and their scout whips Newt when he resists, sending Call flying into a murderous rage. In the aftermath, Gus tells Newt that Call is his father. Clara, although happy to see Gus, and with her husband gravely ill, makes it clear that she will not marry Gus. Instead, she invites Gus to settle and ranch on a piece of nearby property. Further, she invites Lorie to remain with her and her daughters. Before he departs, Gus promises he will return one day.

text: Continuing their journey, Gus and Call lead their cattle drive north through the badlands of Wyoming Territory, nearly exhausting their water supply, and into Montana Territory. Impoverished Indians soon steal a dozen of their horses for food. Gus, Call, and Deets ride after the horse thieves to retrieve the horses. Call frightens the Indians away with a gunshot. Deets takes pity on a blind Indian child left behind, and goes to assist him. Another Indian mistakes his intentions and impales Deets with a spear. Mortally wounded, he dies in Gus's and Call's arms a few moments later.

text: Part IV: Return[edit]

text: Deets is buried, then the party continues on across the Powder River. Meanwhile, Clara's husband finally dies and is buried as well. Leaving the main group to scout ahead with Pea Eye Parker, Gus decides to pursue some buffalo, but is chased by mounted Indians and is badly wounded by an arrow in his right leg. While trying to get back to the herd for help, an exhausted Pea Eye is guided by the ghost of Deets, whereas Gus is found by a stranger and taken 40 miles away to Miles City, Montana.

text: There a doctor amputates Gus's right leg. He tells Gus that his left leg is septic and that he will die unless it also is amputated, but Gus refuses to let him remove it too. Gus tells Call (who has come in search of him) to give his money to Lorie, to bury him in Texas, and to admit that Call is Newt's father. Call arranges to store Gus's body in the town over the winter. He then leads the cattle drive to a wilderness lake where the party raises a cabin and a corral.

text: Call honors Gus's wish to be returned to Texas. Just before departing, Call gives Newt a pocket-watch that belonged to his own father and states that Newt will run the ranch in his absence. The moment is filled with anticipation, but he is incapable of actually calling Newt his son out loud. Call soon returns to Ogallala.

text: Sheriff Johnson, Clara, Lorie, and the ranch hand Dish live happily together. Dish is enamored with Lorie, but she does not return his affections. When Call brings Gus's body, she stays and mourns by the coffin all night long. Clara asks Call to bury Gus at her home, but Call declines. Clara then berates Call for the bad effect he and Gus had on each other, blaming their adventures as the reason neither of them could find happiness.

text: After a long journey, Call arrives at Santa Rosa, New Mexico Territory, where Blue Duck has finally been captured. Call visits Blue Duck in his jail cell, where Blue Duck mocks Call's failure to capture him. While being led to the gallows, Blue Duck grabs deputy Robert Hofer and throws himself out a window, choosing a murder-suicide rather than allow himself to be hanged.

text: Despite blizzards, a broken wagon, and the loss of the coffin, Call finally succeeds in burying Gus after a journey of some three thousand miles. Call weeps for his friend after burying him, the first display of emotion he has allowed himself since Deets's death. After the burial, Call tours Lonesome Dove, reunites with his former cook Bolivar, and discovers that the saloon owner who once employed Lorie was so heartbroken by her departure that he burned the saloon down around him. As Call walks out of town, a reporter recognizes him and tries to interview him about his remarkable feats. Call ignores the reporter's questions, aside from ironically agreeing with him that he was a man of vision. Call then walks away as the sun sets on Lonesome Dove.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Robert Duvall as Captain Augustus "Gus" McCrae, former Texas Ranger
Tommy Lee Jones as Captain Woodrow F. Call, former Texas Ranger
Danny Glover as Joshua Deets, former scout for the Texas Rangers
Diane Lane as Lorena Wood, prostitute
Robert Urich as Jake Spoon, former Texas Ranger
Frederic Forrest as Blue Duck, bandit and murderer
D. B. Sweeney as Dishwater "Dish" Boggett, former Texas Ranger
Ricky Schroder as Newt Dobbs, Capt. Call's illegitimate son
Anjelica Huston as Clara Allen
Chris Cooper as Sheriff July Johnson
Tim Scott as Pea Eye Parker, former Texas Ranger
Glenne Headly as Elmira Johnson
Barry Corbin as Roscoe Brown
William Sanderson as Lippy Jones
Barry Tubb as Jasper Fant
Gavan O'Herlihy as Dan Suggs, leader of the Suggs Gang
Steve Buscemi as Luke, takes on Elmira
Frederick Coffin as Big Zwey, takes on Elmira
Travis Swords as Allan O'Brien

text: Supporting cast[edit]

text:
Nina Siemaszko as Janey
Missy Crider as Sally Allen, Clara's daughter
Lauren Stanley as Betsy Allen, Clara's daughter
Jerry Biggs as Roy Suggs, Suggs Gang
Sean Hennigan as Eddie Suggs, Suggs Gang
Julius Tennon as Frog Lip, Suggs Gang
Bradley Gregg as Sean O'Brien
Kevin O'Morrison as Doctor
Ron Weyand as Old Hugh
Lanny Flaherty as Soupy Jones
David Carpenter as Needle Nelson
James McMurtry as Jimmy Rainey
Charlie Haynie as Ben Rainey
Sonny Carl Davis as Bert Borum
Helena Humann as Peach Johnson
O-Lan Jones as Sally Skull
Jorge Martínez de Hoyos as Po Campo
León Singer as Bolivar
Jack Caffrey as Cholo
Adam Faraizl as Joe Boot
Michael Tylo as Dee Boot
Matthew Cowles as Monkey John
Margo Martindale as Buffalo Heifer
Jordan Lund as Hutto
Tony Epper as Dixon
Bud Shrake as Sodbuster

text: Production[edit]

text: Larry McMurtry's original novel was based upon a screenplay that he had co-written with Peter Bogdanovich for a movie that was intended to star John Wayne as Call, James Stewart as Gus, and Henry Fonda as Jake Spoon, but the project collapsed when John Ford advised Wayne to reject the script.

text: Most Hollywood studios were at first not interested in the rights to the novel, which ended up being bought by Motown Productions, headed by Suzanne de Passe. Motown made the mini series for CBS with Robert Halmi Productions as deficit financiers. Halmi at that time was being taken over by Qintex whose head of American operations, David Evans, suggested Simon Wincer as director. CBS also suggested him on the basis of The Last Frontier and Bluegrass. Robert Duvall, who had director approval, watched some of Wincer's films and approved him.[2]

text: Four other actors (Charles Bronson, Robert Duvall, James Garner, and Jon Voight) were offered the role of Woodrow Call but declined for various reasons before the role fell to Tommy Lee Jones. Garner said that he was originally set to play one of the lead roles but had to drop out for ill health.[3] Duvall turned down the part of Call on the grounds he had already played that type of character, and asked to play Gus. Bronson agreed to play Blue Duck but he was under contract to Cannon Films who said he was required to make a movie for them instead.[2]

text: The miniseries was shot at the Alamo Village, the movie set originally created for John Wayne's The Alamo.[4]

text: The majority of the miniseries was filmed at the Moody Ranch located seven miles south of Del Rio, Texas. Other locations used for filming were ranches in Texas and New Mexico, and the series was shot over 90 days. Real ranch horses were used for authenticity during the filming of the movie. Tommy Lee Jones and Robert Duvall did their own stunts in the film, except for one brief scene that required Duvall to ride in the center of a herd of bison.[2][5]

text: ION Television has shown a digitally remastered version of the miniseries starting the weekend of June 30, 2007 during the "RHI Movie Weekend". (sonar Entertainment is the current owners of the Lonesome Dove miniseries).

text: Reception[edit]

text: Lonesome Dove received an overwhelmingly positive reception with critics and audience alike.

text: The New York Times commented that:

text: This six-hour miniseries, based on a Pulitzer Prize-winning novel by Larry McMurtry, revitalized both the miniseries and Western genres, both of which had been considered dead for several years.... Lonesome Dove earned 18 Emmy nominations and inspired a pair of miniseries sequel as well as two attempts at an ongoing television series.[6]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Lonesome Dove was nominated for 18 Emmy Awards, winning seven.[7] The series was also deemed Program of the Year by the National Television Critics Association, as well as Outstanding Dramatic Achievement. It received the D.W. Griffith Award for Best Television Miniseries, and CBS was presented with a Peabody Award for Outstanding Achievement in Drama. In a 2003 TRIO Network Special, TRIO ranked Lonesome Dove third in a list of ten outstanding miniseries, beginning from the time the format was created[8]

text:
1989 Emmy Awards

Category
Won
Winner

Outstanding Achievement in Casting for a Miniseries or a Special

Lynn Kressel

Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Miniseries or a Special

Manlio Rocchetti (makeup supervisor), Carla Palmer (makeup artist), and Jean Ann Black (makeup artist)
For Part 4 ("The Return")

Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Miniseries or a Special (Dramatic Underscore)

Basil Poledouris (composer)
For Part 4 ("The Return")

Outstanding Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special

Van Broughton Ramsey
For Part 2 ("On the Trail")

Outstanding Directing in a Miniseries or a Special

Simon Wincer (director)
For Part 1 ("Leaving") and Part 4 ("The Return")

Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries or a Special

Dave McMoyler (supervising sound editor); Joseph Melody (co-supervising editor); Mark Steele, Richard S. Steele, Michael J. Wright, Gary Macheel, Stephen Grubbs, Mark Friedgen, Charles R. Beith Jr., Scott A. Tinsley, Karla Caldwell, George B. Bell, and G. Michael Graham (sound editors); Kristi Johns (supervising adr editor); Tom Villano (supervising music editor); and Jamie Forester (supervising music editor)
For Part 3 ("The Plains")

Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Miniseries or a Special

Donald F. Johnson (sound mixer), James L. Aicholtz (dialogue mixer), Michael Herbick (music mixer), and Kevin O'Connell (sound effects mixer)
For Part 4 ("The Return")

Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Special

Philip Leto (hairstylist) and Manlio Rocchetti (hair supervisor)
For Part 2 ("On the Trail")

Outstanding Art Direction for a Miniseries or a Special

Cary White (production designer) and Michael J. Sullivan (set decorator)
For Part 4 ("The Return")

Outstanding Cinematography for a Miniseries or a Special

Douglas Milsome (director of photography)
For Part 4 ("The Return")

Outstanding Editing for a Miniseries or a Special - Single Camera Production

Corky Ehlers (editor)
For Part 3 ("The Plains")

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Special

Robert Duvall
For Part 2 ("On the Trail")

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Miniseries or a Special

Tommy Lee Jones
For Part 4 ("The Return")

Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Special

Anjelica Huston
For Part 3 ("The Plains")

Outstanding Lead Actress in a Miniseries or a Special

Diane Lane
For Part 3 ("The Plains") and Part 4 ("The Return")

Outstanding Miniseries

Suzanne de Passe (executive producer), Bill Wittliff (executive producer), Robert Halmi Jr. (co-executive producer), Dyson Lovell (producer), and Michael Weisbarth (supervising producer)

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Miniseries or a Special

Danny Glover
For Part 1 ("Leaving"), Part 2 ("On the Trail"), and Part 3 ("The Plains")

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Miniseries or a Special

Glenne Headly
For Part 1 ("Leaving"), Part 2 ("On the Trail"), and Part 3 ("The Plains")

Outstanding Writing in a Miniseries or a Special

Bill Wittliff (teleplay)
For Part 1 ("Leaving") and Part 4 ("The Return")

text:
1990 Golden Globes

Category
Won
Winner

Best Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV

Best Performance by an Actor in a Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV

Robert Duvall

Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV

Tommy Lee Jones

Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV

Anjelica Huston

text:
Other

Awards
Category
Won
Winner

American Cinema Editors (1990)
Best Edited Episode from a Television Mini-Series

Corky Ehlers For Part 3 ("The Plains")

BMI Film & TV Awards (1990)

Basil Poledouris

Casting Society of America (1989)
Best Casting for TV Miniseries

Lynn Kressel

Directors Guild of America (1990)
Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Dramatic Specials

Simon Wincer

TV Land Awards (2007)
Miniseries You Didn't Miss a Moment Of

Television Critics Association Awards (1989)
Outstanding Achievement in Drama

Television Critics Association Awards (1989)
Program of the Year

Western Heritage Awards (1990)
Television Feature Film

William D. Wittliff (writer/executive producer), Suzanne de Passe (executive producer), Robert Duvall (star), Tommy Lee Jones (star), and Anjelica Huston (star)

Writers Guild of America Awards (1990)
Adapted Long Form

William D. Wittliff
For Part 1 ("Leaving")

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The score for Lonesome Dove was composed and conducted by Basil Poledouris, his first western and the first of his five scores for director Simon Wincer - Poledouris subsequently scored the director's next three theatrical films (Quigley Down Under, Harley Davidson and the Marlboro Man and Free Willy) and 2006's Crocodile Dundee in Los Angeles). In 1993 Cabin Fever Music released an album of selections from his score; Sonic Images issued an expansion in 1998, with cues premiered on the 1998 album listed below in bold.

text:
Theme from "Lonesome Dove" 5:13
Jake's Fate 2:15
Night Mares (Deets, Newt) 3:56
Cowboys Down The Street 2:16
Statue/Deets Dies 3:04
Arkansas Pilgrims (Clara, July, Lorena) 4:30
Sunny Slopes of Yesterday 1:58
The Leaving 3:30
On The Trail 6:46
Murdering Horse Thieves 1:16
Gus & P-Eye - The Search 5:27
Gus Dies 2:34
Captain Call's Journey 7:18
Farewell Ladies - Finale 5:44

tag: ol

text: Home media[edit]

text: Lonesome Dove was filmed in a soft matte 1.78:1 (16:9) aspect ratio, allowing it to be cropped from the 4:3 negative. It is available on DVD in the United Kingdom (distributed by Acorn Media UK) and the United States. It was then released on Blu-ray Disc on August 5, 2008 just months before the film's 20th anniversary. The rights to Lonesome Dove on home video have varied for over two decades.

text:
Cabin Fever Entertainment (1991-1998) VHS
Hallmark Entertainment/Artisan Home Entertainment (1998-2003) VHS & DVD
Genius Products/Vivendi Entertainment (2008-2014) DVD & Blu-ray
Mill Creek Entertainment (2014- ) DVD & Blu-ray


question_text: who was allowed to vote according to the declaration of the rights of man

text: History[edit]

text: The content of the document emerged largely from the ideals of the Enlightenment.[5] The key drafts were prepared by Lafayette, working at times with his close friend Thomas Jefferson.[6][7] In August 1789, Honoré Mirabeau played a central role in conceptualizing and drafting the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen.[8]

text: The last article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen was adopted on 27 August 1789 by the National Constituent Assembly, during the period of the French Revolution, as the first step toward writing a constitution for France. Inspired by the Enlightenment, the original version of the Declaration was discussed by the representatives on the basis of a 24 article draft proposed by the sixth bureau[clarify],[9][10] led by Jérôme Champion de Cicé. The draft was later modified during the debates. A second and lengthier declaration, known as the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1793, was written in 1793 but never formally adopted.[11]

text: Philosophical and theoretical context[edit]

text: The concepts in the Declaration come from the philosophical and political duties of the Enlightenment, such as individualism, the social contract as theorized by the Genevan philosopher Rousseau, and the separation of powers espoused by the Baron de Montesquieu. As can be seen in the texts, the French declaration was heavily influenced by the political philosophy of the Enlightenment and principles of human rights as was the U.S. Declaration of Independence which preceded it (4 July 1776).

text: The declaration is in the spirit of "secular natural law", which does not base itself on religious doctrine or authority, in contrast with traditional natural law theory, which does.[12]

text: The declaration defines a single set of individual and collective rights for all men. Influenced by the doctrine of natural rights, these rights are held to be universal and valid in all times and places. For example, "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be founded only upon the general good."[13] They have certain natural rights to property, to liberty, and to life. According to this theory, the role of government is to recognize and secure these rights. Furthermore, government should be carried on by elected representatives.[12]

text: At the time of writing, the rights contained in the declaration were only awarded to men. Furthermore, the declaration was a statement of vision rather than reality. The declaration was not deeply rooted in either the practice of the West or even France at the time. The declaration emerged in the late 18th century out of war and revolution. It encountered opposition as democracy and individual rights were frequently regarded as synonymous with anarchy and subversion. The declaration embodies ideals and aspirations towards which France pledged to struggle in the future.[14]

text: Substance[edit]

text: The Declaration is introduced by a preamble describing the fundamental characteristics of the rights which are qualified as being "natural, unalienable and sacred" and consisting of "simple and incontestable principles" on which citizens could base their demands. In the second article, "the natural and imprescriptible rights of man" are defined as "liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression". It called for the destruction of aristocratic privileges by proclaiming an end to feudalism and to exemptions from taxation, freedom and equal rights for all "Men", and access to public office based on talent. The monarchy was restricted, and all citizens were to have the right to take part in the legislative process. Freedom of speech and press were declared, and arbitrary arrests outlawed.[15]

text: The Declaration also asserted the principles of popular sovereignty, in contrast to the divine right of kings that characterized the French monarchy, and social equality among citizens, "All the citizens, being equal in the eyes of the law, are equally admissible to all public dignities, places, and employments, according to their capacity and without distinction other than that of their virtues and of their talents," eliminating the special rights of the nobility and clergy.[16]

text: Articles[edit]

text:
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text: Man/men referred specifically to male citizens only.

text: Article I – Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions can be founded only on the common good.

text: Article II – The goal of any political association is the conservation of the natural and imprescriptible rights of man. These rights are liberty, property, safety and resistance against oppression.

text: Article III – The principle of any sovereignty resides essentially in the Nation. No body, no individual can exert authority which does not emanate expressly from it.

text: Article IV – Liberty consists of doing anything which does not harm others: thus, the exercise of the natural rights of each man has only those borders which assure other members of the society the fruition of these same rights. These borders can be determined only by the law.

text: Article V – The law has the right to forbid only actions harmful to society. Anything which is not forbidden by the law cannot be impeded, and no one can be constrained to do what it does not order.

text: Article VI – The law is the expression of the general will. All the citizens have the right of contributing personally or through their representatives to its formation. It must be the same for all, either that it protects, or that it punishes. All the citizens, being equal in its eyes, are equally admissible to all public dignities, places, and employments, according to their capacity and without distinction other than that of their virtues and of their talents.

text: Article VII – No man can be accused, arrested nor detained but in the cases determined by the law, and according to the forms which it has prescribed. Those who solicit, dispatch, carry out or cause to be carried out arbitrary orders, must be punished; but any citizen called or seized under the terms of the law must obey at once; he renders himself culpable by resistance.

text: Article VIII – The law should establish only penalties that are strictly and evidently necessary, and no one can be punished but under a law established and promulgated before the offense and legally applied.

text: Article IX – Any man being presumed innocent until he is declared culpable if it is judged indispensable to arrest him, any rigor which would not be necessary for the securing of his person must be severely reprimanded by the law.

text: Article X – No one may be disturbed for his opinions, even religious ones, provided that their manifestation does not trouble the public order established by the law.

text: Article XI – The free communication of thoughts and of opinions is one of the most precious rights of man: any citizen thus may speak, write, print freely, except to respond to the abuse of this liberty, in the cases determined by the law.

text: Article XII – The guarantee of the rights of man and of the citizen necessitates a public force: this force is thus instituted for the advantage of all and not for the particular utility of those in whom it is trusted.

text: Article XIII – For the maintenance of the public force and for the expenditures of administration, a common contribution is indispensable; it must be equally distributed to all the citizens, according to their ability to pay.

text: Article XIV – Each citizen has the right to ascertain, by himself or through his representatives, the need for a public tax, to consent to it freely, to know the uses to which it is put, and of determining the proportion, basis, collection, and duration.

text: Article XV – The society has the right of requesting an account from any public agent of its administration.

text: Article XVI – Any society in which the guarantee of rights is not assured, nor the separation of powers determined, has no Constitution.

text: Article XVII – Property being an inviolable and sacred right, no one can be deprived of private usage, if it is not when the public necessity, legally noted, evidently requires it, and under the condition of a just and prior indemnity.

text: Active and passive citizenship[edit]

text: While the French Revolution provided rights to a larger portion of the population, there remained a distinction between those who obtained the political rights in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen and those who did not. Those who were deemed to hold these political rights were called active citizens. Active citizenship was granted to men who were French, at least 25 years old, paid taxes equal to three days work, and could not be defined as servants (Thouret).[17] This meant that at the time of the Declaration only male property owners held these rights.[18] The deputies in the National Assembly believed that only those who held tangible interests in the nation could make informed political decisions.[19] This distinction directly affects articles 6, 12, 14, and 15 of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen as each of these rights is related to the right to vote and to participate actively in the government. With the decree of 29 October 1789, the term active citizen became embedded in French politics.[20]

text: The concept of passive citizens was created to encompass those populations that had been excluded from political rights in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Because of the requirements set down for active citizens, the vote was granted to approximately 4.3 million Frenchmen[20] out of a population of around 29 million.[21] These omitted groups included women, slaves, children, and foreigners. As these measures were voted upon by the General Assembly, they limited the rights of certain groups of citizens while implementing the democratic process of the new French Republic (1792–1804).[19] This legislation, passed in 1789, was amended by the creators of the Constitution of the Year III in order to eliminate the label of active citizen.[22] The power to vote was then, however, to be granted solely to substantial property owners.[22]

text: Tensions arose between active and passive citizens throughout the Revolution. This happened when passive citizens started to call for more rights, or when they openly refused to listen to the ideals set forth by active citizens. This cartoon clearly demonstrates the difference that existed between the active and passive citizens along with the tensions associated with such differences.[23] In the cartoon, a passive citizen is holding a spade and a wealthy landowning active citizen is ordering the passive citizens to go to work. The act appears condescending to the passive citizen and it revisits the reasons why the French Revolution began in the first place.

text: Women, in particular, were strong passive citizens who played a significant role in the Revolution. Olympe de Gouges penned her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in 1791 and drew attention to the need for gender equality.[24] By supporting the ideals of the French Revolution and wishing to expand them to women, she represented herself as a revolutionary citizen. Madame Roland also established herself as an influential figure throughout the Revolution. She saw women of the French Revolution as holding three roles; "inciting revolutionary action, formulating policy, and informing others of revolutionary events."[25] By working with men, as opposed to working separate from men, she may have been able to further the fight of revolutionary women. As players in the French Revolution, women occupied a significant role in the civic sphere by forming social movements and participating in popular clubs, allowing them societal influence, despite their lack of direct political influence.[26]

text: Women's rights[edit]

text: The Declaration recognized many rights as belonging to citizens (who could only be male). This was despite the fact that after The March on Versailles on 5 October 1789, women presented the Women's Petition to the National Assembly in which they proposed a decree giving women equal rights.[27] In 1790, Nicolas de Condorcet and Etta Palm d'Aelders unsuccessfully called on the National Assembly to extend civil and political rights to women.[28] Condorcet declared that "he who votes against the right of another, whatever the religion, color, or sex of that other, has henceforth abjured his own".[29] The French Revolution did not lead to a recognition of women's rights and this prompted Olympe de Gouges to publish the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen in September 1791.[30]

text: The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen is modeled on the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and is ironic in formulation and exposes the failure of the French Revolution, which had been devoted to equality. It states that:

text: “This revolution will only take effect when all women become fully aware of their deplorable condition, and of the rights, they have lost in society”.

text: The Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen follows the seventeen articles of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen point for point and has been described by Camille Naish as "almost a parody... of the original document". The first article of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen proclaims that "Men are born and remain free and equal in rights. Social distinctions may be based only on common utility." The first article of Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen replied: "Woman is born free and remains equal to man in rights. Social distinctions may only be based on common utility".

text: De Gouges also draws attention to the fact that under French law women were fully punishable, yet denied equal rights, declaring "Women have the right to mount the scaffold, they must also have the right to mount the speaker's rostrum".[31]

text: Slavery[edit]

text: The declaration did not revoke the institution of slavery, as lobbied for by Jacques-Pierre Brissot's Les Amis des Noirs and defended by the group of colonial planters called the Club Massiac because they met at the Hôtel Massiac.[32] Despite the lack of explicit mention of slavery in the Declaration, slave uprisings in Saint-Domingue in the Haitian Revolution were inspired by it, as discussed in C. L. R. James' history of the Haitian Revolution, The Black Jacobins.[33]

text: Deplorable conditions for the thousands of slaves in Saint-Domingue, the most profitable slave colony in the world, led to the uprisings which would be known as the first successful slave revolt in the New World. Free persons of color were part of the first wave of revolt, but later former slaves took control. In 1794 the Convention dominated by the Jacobins abolished slavery, including in the colonies of Saint-Domingue and Guadeloupe. However, Napoleon reinstated it in 1802 and attempted to regain control of Saint-Domingue by sending in thousands of troops. After suffering the losses of two-thirds of the men, many to yellow fever, the French withdrew from Saint-Domingue in 1803. Napoleon gave up on North America and agreed to the Louisiana Purchase by the United States. In 1804, the leaders of Saint-Domingue declared it as an independent state, the Republic of Haiti, the second republic of the New World.

text: Legacy[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Declaration has also influenced and inspired rights-based liberal democracy throughout the world. It was translated as soon as 1793–1794 by Colombian Antonio Nariño, who published it despite the Inquisition. He was sentenced to 10 years in prison for doing so. In 2003, the document was listed on UNESCO's Memory of the World register.

text: Constitution of the French Fifth Republic[edit]

text: According to the preamble of the Constitution of the French Fifth Republic (adopted on 4 October 1958, and the current constitution), the principles set forth in the Declaration have constitutional value. Many laws and regulations have been canceled because they did not comply with those principles as interpreted by the Conseil Constitutionnel ("Constitutional Council of France") or by the Conseil d'État ("Council of State").

text:
Taxation legislation or practices that seem to make some unwarranted difference between citizens are struck down as unconstitutional.
Suggestions of positive discrimination on ethnic grounds are rejected because they infringe on the principle of equality, since they would establish categories of people that would, by birth, enjoy greater rights.


document_title: Show Me the Money (South Korean TV series)

question_text: when does show me the money 6 air

question_tokens: when does show me the money 6 air

text: Season 1 (2012)[edit]

text: The first season of SMTM paired seasoned rappers Double K, Verbal Jint, 45RPM, MC Sniper, Miryo, Hoony Hoon, Joosuc, and Garion with rookie rappers.[4] Eun Jiwon, member of K-pop group Sechs Kies, hosted the season.[5] Notable contestants included Cheetah, one of the show's few female rappers, who would later win the first season of SMTM spin-off Unpretty Rapstar.[6][7] Rookie rapper Loco, under the mentorship of Double K, won the competition and went on to sign with hip hop label AOMG. He later appeared in the show's fourth season as a producer.[8]

text: Season 2 (2013)[edit]

text: The second season of SMTM split the contestants into two hip hop crews, "Meta Crew," lead by MC Meta of the group Garion, and "D.O Crew," lead by Lee Hyun Do, formerly of '90s hip hop duo Deux.[9] Eun Jiwon continued to host Season 2. The season's contestants included several well-known artists, notably LE of (member of EXID), Jucy (former EvoL member), Mad Clown, and Swings.[10][11][12] The winner of the second season was Soul Dive.[9]

text: Season 3 (2014)[edit]

text: The third season of SMTM saw a number of prominent Korean hip hop figures' participation. The producers split themselves loosely along the lines of larger Korean hip hop labels, leading to Tablo and Masta Wu representing "Team YG," Dok2 and The Quiett representing "Team Illionaire," Swings and San E representing "Team Brand New Music," and "Team YDG". The season was won by Bobby from K-Pop idol group iKON,[13] together with his producers Dok2 and The Quiett of Team Illionaire.

text: Season 4 (2015)[edit]

text: Mnet's fourth season of SMTM features YG judges Jinusean and Tablo, San E and Verbal Jint from Brand New Music, AOMG judges Jay Park and Loco (first season winner came back as a producer), and judges Zico of Block B and Paloalto (Hi-Lite Records). No contestants auditioned this year with more idol rappers, most notably, Song Min-ho of Winner, and veterans such as Black Nut and P-Type. Many of the contestants from Season 3 came back as well. The winner of this season was Basick with his producers team San E and Verbal Jint from Brand New Music.

text: Season 5 (2016)[edit]

text: The fifth season of SMTM featured four different producer teams consisting of: AOMG judges Simon Dominic & Gray, YG Entertainment judges Kush & Zion T, judges Dok2 & The Quiett of Illionaire Records and Gill & Mad Clown. This season held open auditions in LA for the first time with guest judge Timbaland. It also saw the participation of many popular and well known artists in the Korean hip hop scene as well as notable participants of past seasons such as G2, Reddy, C Jamm, BewhY, Bizniz, Onesun, Jin Doggae, J'Kyun, Xitsuh, Snacky Chan, One, Sanchez, Dayday, Junoflo, Myundo, Super Bee and Flowsik. This season's winner was BewhY with his producer team of Simon Dominic and Gray from AOMG.

text: Season 6 (2017)[edit]

text: Mnet’s “Show Me the Money 6” began airing on June 30, 2017 and ended on September 1, 2017. The sixth season has confirmed the four producer teams, Zico & Dean,[14] Choiza & Gaeko of Dynamic Duo,[15] Tiger JK & Bizzy[16] and Jay Park & Dok2.[17] Many new rappers have auditioned and many returning ones have as well such as Nucksal, QWALA, Hash Swan, LTAK, NO:EL, Hanhae, Punchnello, JJK, Junoflo, J'Kyun, Ja Mezz, Rhythm Power members Boi-B, Geegoin, and Hangzoo, Microdot, Young B (winner of High School Rapper), New Champ, IGNITO, Kebee, Sleepy (Untouchable), Killagramz, Born Kim, Jin Doggae, Rudals, BIGONE (former 24K member Kim Daeil), and former SMTM1 producer, Double K.

text: American artist and producer Swizz Beatz was a special judge for the New York auditions of the show. " Show Me The Money 6" landed in New York and Los Angeles May 6 and May 9.

text: This season drew more participants than ever before. For “Show Me the Money 5”, approximately 9,000 people auditioned to have a chance to compete on the show. “Show Me the Money 6”, has over 12,000 people interested in auditioning for the show—the largest applicant pool the show has ever had. As a result of the huge number of applicants, the first round of auditions in Korea took place over the course of two days. First round auditions occurred April 29–30 at Samsan World Gymnasium in Incheon. This was also the first time that auditions were held in New York City. The format for the New York auditions will be the same as the first round auditions in South Korea. New York auditions took place on May 6 at Brooklyn Studios. The Los Angeles auditions were held on May 9 at LA Anderson Warehouse.

text: The winner for this season was Rhythm Power's Hangzoo with his producer team of Zico and Dean of FANXYCHILD.

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Title
Year
Contestant(s)
Peak chart positions
Sales
Album

KOR
[18]

"Heaven"
feat. Oh Su-min
2013
J'Kyun
98

KOR: 22,198+[19]

Show Me the Money 2

"Like That"
Zizo
57

KOR: 36,576+[20]

"Be I"
2014
B.I
5

KOR: 426,413+[21]

Show Me the Money 3

"Oll' Ready"
Olltii
23

KOR: 197,802+[22]

"I Am"
Iron
31

KOR: 218,369+[23]

"Ulleri" (얼레리)
Yuk Ji-dam
63

KOR: 52,645+[24]

"Go" (가)
Bobby
16

KOR: 301,126+[25]

"Guerrilla's Way"
Vasco
74

KOR: 47,822+[26]

"L4L (Lookin' For Luv)"
feat. Dok2, The Quiett
Bobby
7

KOR: 400,775+[27]

"That XX" (그 XX)
feat. Zico
Olltii
32

KOR: 192,078+[28]

"187"
feat. Im Sung-hyun
Vasco
54

KOR: 96,207+[29]

"YGGR#Hip Hop" (연결고리#힙합)
Bobby
4

KOR: 684,994+[30]

"Good Day"
feat. Swings
C Jamm
—

KOR: 17,030+[31]

"Malice" (독기)
Iron
2

KOR: 671,664+[30]

"Raise your guard and Bounce" (가드올리고 Bounce)
Bobby
4

KOR: 543,442+[32]

"Unfinished Story" (못다한 이야기)
feat. Kim Na-young
Vasco
—

KOR: 35,224+[33]

"Shit"
C Jamm
—

KOR: 20,526+[34]

"Respect"
feat. Loco, Gray, DJ Pumpkin
2015
Sik-K, Lil Boi, Geegooin
6

KOR: 411,916+[35]

Show Me the Money 4

"OG (Be Original)"
Innovator, Incredivle, Superbee
91

KOR: 37,564+[36]

"Turtle Ship" (거북선)
feat. Paloalto
Ja Mezz, AndUp, Song Min-ho
4

KOR: 813,526+[37]

"My Zone"
feat. San E, Verbal Jint
Basick, Blacknut, Microdot
12

KOR: 288,194+[38]

"Moneyflow" (다 비켜봐)
Song Min-ho, Zico, Paloalto
7

KOR: 362,442+[39]

"ON IT + BO$$"
Lil Boi, Loco, Jay Park
11

KOR: 292,163+[40]

"M.I.L.E. (Make It Look Easy)"
Blacknut, Verbal Jint, San E
22

KOR: 168,313+[41]

"GXNZI"
feat. Vasco
Basick
39

KOR: 117,038+[42]

"Oppa's Car" (오빠차)
Incredivle, Tablo, Jinusean
1

KOR: 864,877+[37]

"More Than a TV Star"
feat. Lee Hi
Innovator
47

KOR: 104,797+[42]

"Fear" (겁)
feat. Taeyang
Song Min-ho
3

KOR: 1,049,930+[37]

"What Can I Do" (내가 할 수 있는 건)
feat. Jessi
Blacknut
12

KOR: 339,052+[43]

"Stand Up"
feat. Mamamoo
Basick
21

KOR: 255,492+[44]

"Okey Dokey"
Song Min-ho, Zico
9

KOR: 659,353+[37]

"Better Days" (좋은 날)
feat. Gummy
Basick
26

KOR: 182,172+[45]

"Victim + Poppin Bottles" (Victim + 위하여)
feat. B-Free, Paloalto
Song Min-ho
51

KOR: 62,474+[46]

"I'm The Man"
Basick, Verbal Jint, San E
97

KOR: 38,267+[47]

"I'm Not The Person You Used To Know" (니가 알던 내가 아냐)
2016
Simon Dominic, One, G2, BewhY
2

KOR: 751,667+[48]

Show Me the Money 5

"$insa" (신사)
Zion.T, C Jamm, Reddy, Xitsuh
4

KOR: 493,535+[49]

"Air DoTheQ" (공중도덕)
The Quiett, Superbee, myunDo, Flowsik, Dok2
5

KOR: 455,171+[50]

"Rose of Sharon" (무궁화)
Mad Clown, Donutman, Boi B, #GUN
12

KOR: 244,242+[51]

"Comfortable" (맘 편히)
Simon Dominic, Gray, One
1

KOR: 750,349+[48]

"Going Home" (비행소년)
feat. Gummy
Mad Clown, #GUN
6

KOR: 433,732+[52]

"Knock" (쿵)
Zion.T
2

KOR: 474,535+[53]

"Machine Gun"
feat. Mino
Kush, Zion.T
10

KOR: 339,523+[54]

"Forever"
BewhY
2

KOR: 918,132+[48]

"Swallowtail" (호랑나비)
feat. Gill, Rhythm Power
Boi B
5

KOR: 720,563+[48]

"Wanted" (현상수배)
feat.
C Jamm, Reddy
13

KOR: 309,144+[55]

"Drummer" (드러머)
feat. Olltii
Zion.T, Xitsuh
17

KOR: 295,940+[56]

"RAPSTAR (remix)"
Flowsik, The Quiett, Dok2
46

KOR: 171,917+[57]

"Beverly 1lls"
Superbee, myunDo
37

KOR: 179,353+[58]

"Day Day"
feat. Jay Park
BewhY
2

KOR: 1,039,009+[48]

"Crazy Guy" (미친놈)
feat. Jessi
#GUN
5

KOR: 436,901+[59]

"Beautiful" (아름다워)
feat. Zico
C Jamm
8

KOR: 314,516+[60]

"Like This"
feat. Bobby
Reddy
20

KOR: 153,945+[61]

"Sun Block" (썬 블락)
feat. Microdot
Superbee
42

KOR: 106,212+[61]

"And" (끝)
feat. Suran
Xitsuh
61

KOR: 84,813+[61]

"Goblin" (도깨비)
Flowsik, Hash Swan, Boi B, ₩uNo, G2
25

KOR: 120,785+[61]

"Fake" (자화상 pt.2)
BewhY
39

KOR: 107,437+[61]

"XamBaqJa" (쌈박자)
BewhY, Simon Dominic
29

KOR: 110,830+[61]

"Let It Be" (재방송)
feat. Crush
C Jamm
51

KOR: 93,256+[61]

"Air DoTheQ part 2" (공중도덕 part 2)
feat.
The Quiett, Dok2, Superbee
67

KOR: 69,698+[61]

"MM"
C Jamm
92

KOR: 53,941+[62]

"Bad Blood" (나쁜 피)
Mad Clown
—

"1/N" (N분의 1)
feat. Dynamic Duo
2017
Hanhae, Rhino, Nucksal, Jo Woochan
3

KOR: 415,584+[63]

Show Me the Money 6

"Chopsticks" (젓가락)
feat. Tiger JK, Bizzy, Ann One
Maniac, Black Nine, Asol, Woo Wonjae
34

KOR: 90,725+[63]

"Life Is A Gamble" (도박)
feat. Jay Park, Dok2
Ja Mezz, Ness, Woodie Go Child, Junoflo
19

KOR: 146,393+[63]

"People These Days" (요즘것들)
feat. Zico, Dean
Young B, Hash Swan, Killagramz, Hangzoo
5

KOR: 358,430+[63]

"Where" (어디)
feat. Zico, Dean
Killagramz
8

KOR: 192,994+[64]

"Gather At The Lobby" (로비로 모여)
feat. Dynamic Duo, Chungha, Muzie
Hanhae
25

KOR: 99,148+[64]

"Killin It"
feat. Koonta, Babylon
Maniac
—

KOR: 15,618+[65]

"Eyes On Me"
feat. G.Soul, Dok2
Junoflo
58

KOR: 51,644+[65]

"Birthday"
feat. Jay Park, Dok2
Ja Mezz
45

KOR: 56,414+[65]

"Again" (또)
feat. Tiger JK, Bizzy, MRSHLL
Woo Wonjae
13

KOR: 166,131+[65]

"Search"
feat. Car, the Garden, Zico
Hangzoo, Young B
11

KOR: 164,874+[65]

"What You Call Is The Price" (부르는 게 값이야)
feat. Gaeko, Don Mills
Nucksal, Jo Woochan
8

KOR: 166,267+[65]

"VVIP"
feat. Sik-K, Gaeko
Jo Woochan
43

KOR: 88,925+[66]

"Pendulum" (진자(ZINZA))
feat. YDG, Suran
Woo Wonjae
33

KOR: 103,456+[66]

"ONE SUN"
feat. Shin Yong-jae, Gaeko
Hanhae
—

KOR: 23,611+[66]

"Red Sun"
feat. Zico, Swings
Hangzoo
3

KOR: 217,369+[66]

"Twisted" (비틀어)
feat. Kim Hyo-eun, Changmo
Junoflo
30

KOR: 97,701+[66]

"Filament" (필라멘트)
feat. Kim Bum-soo
Nucksal
6

KOR: 156,481+[66]

"Born Expert" (천상꾼)
feat. Dynamic Duo, DJ Friz
Nucksal
58

KOR: 53,643+[67]

"bestdriverZ"
feat. Dean, Zion.T
Hangzoo
56

KOR: 56,332+[67]

"MOVE"
feat. Bizzy
Woo Wonjae
16

KOR: 87,660+[67]

"Even When the Curtains Fall" (막이 내려도)
feat. Gaeko
Nucksal
79

KOR: 47,597+[67]

"Turn It Up" (돌리고)
feat. DJ DOC
Hangzoo
91

KOR: 40,954+[67]

"S.M.T.M (Show Me The Money)"
Sleepy, Hash Swan, Olltii, Black Nine, Punchnello, Penomeco, Ignito, Dok2
82

KOR: 45,420+[67]

"A Coin Pt.2 (Remix) (동전한닢 Pt.2 (Remix))"
Show Me The Money 6 Top 20

KOR:

"Last Man Smiling (빛이훨씬더커)"
Dynamic Duo

KOR:

"—" denotes releases that did not chart.

text: Plagiarism[edit]

text: It has been alleged that the show was copied without permission by a Chinese rap competition show The Rap of China. The logo, rules, and concept of 'The Rap of China' are the same as the South Korean competition series. However, it's revealed that "The Rap of China" did not officially purchase the copyrights. Production company CJ E&M spoke up about the plagiarism, stating "'The Rap of China' did not officially purchase the rights to the content. It's unfortunate how they're broadcasting a similar program without going through the proper procedures."[citation needed]


document_title: Renaming of cities in India

question_text: when did the name bombay changed to mumbai

text: Renaming of cities in India

text: Renaming in local languages[edit]

text: In the post-colonial era, several Indian states' names were changed. Some of these changes coincided with the States Reorganisation Act of 1956, a major reform of the boundaries of India's states and territories that organised them along linguistic lines. At this time, for example, Travancore-Cochin was renamed Kerala. Later state name changes include the reorganisation of Madhya Bharat into Madhya Pradesh in 1959;[2] and the renamings of the Madras State to Tamil Nadu in 1969, of the Mysore State to Karnataka in 1973, and of Uttaranchal to Uttarakhand in 2007.

text: Name changes have varied with respect to the levels of language at which they have been applied, and also accepted. Some of these local name changes were changes made in all languages: the immediate local name, and also all India's other languages. An example of this is the renaming of predominantly Hindi-speaking Uttaranchal (Hindi: उत्तराञ्चल) to a new local Hindi name (Hindi: उत्तराखण्ड Uttarakhand). Other changes were only changes in some of the indigenous languages. For example, the renaming of the Madras Presidency to Madras State in 1947 and then Tamil Nadu in 1969 required non-Tamil speakers to change from an approximation of the British name (Tamil: மதராஸ் மாகாணம் Madras Presidency, then  Madras State Tamil: மதராஸ் மாநிலம்) to a native Tamil name (Tamil: தமிழ்நாடு Tamil Nadu, "Tamil land").

text: In general, changes to the local names of cities in the indigenous languages are less common. However, a change in English may sometimes also be a reflection of changes in other Indian languages other than the specific local one. For example, the change of Madras (Tamil: மதராஸ் Madras) to Chennai (Tamil: சென்னை Chennai) was reflected in many of India's languages, and incidentally in English, while the Tamil endonym had always been Chennai and remained unaffected by the change.

text: Renaming in English[edit]

text: Change in official English spelling[edit]

text: The renaming of cities is often specifically from English to Indian English in connection with that dialect's internal reforms. In other words, the city itself is not actually renamed in the local language, and the local name (or endonym) in the indigenous languages of India does not change, but the official spelling in Indian English is amended. An example is the change from English "Calcutta" to English "Kolkata" – the local Bengali name (কলকাতা Kôlkata) did not change. Such changes in English spelling may be in order to better reflect a more accurate phonetic transliteration of the local name, or may be for other reasons. In the early years after Indian independence, many name changes were effected in northern India for English spellings of Hindi place names that had simply been romanised inconsistently by the British administration – such as the British spelling "Jubbulpore," renamed "Jabalpur" (जबलपुर) among the first changes in 1947. These changes did not generate significant controversy. More recent and high-profile changes – including renaming such major cities as Calcutta to Kolkata – have generated greater controversy.[3] Since independence, such changes have typically been enacted officially by legislation at local or national Indian government level, and may or may not then be adopted by the Indian media, particularly the influential Indian press. In the case of smaller towns and districts which were less notable outside and inside India, and where a well known English name (or exonym) could not be said to exist, older spellings used under British India may not have had any specific legislation other than changes in practice on the romanisation of indigenous Indian language names.

text: Realignment of the official Indian English name to an alternative local name[edit]

text: Aside from changes to the official English spellings of local names there have also been renaming proposals to realign the official name, hence the English name with an alternative local name. Ethnically sensitive examples include the proposals by the Bharatiya Janata Party (1990, 2001) to rename Ahmedabad to Karnavati[4] and Allahabad to Prayag. These two proposals are changes from the Muslim (or Mughal) name to a Hindu native name. These can be represented as a change from Urdu language to Hindi language, but since the two languages are variants of Hindustani the proposal is effectively a cultural and ethno-religious proposal rather than a linguistic one.[5]

text: Adoption of name changes in India and overseas[edit]

text: Official name changes take place quickly if not immediately in official government sources.[6] Adoption may be slower among the media in India and abroad, and among Indian authors.[7][8][9]

text: Important examples[edit]

text: States[edit]

text:
Travancore-Cochin → Kerala (1 November 1956).
Madhya Bharat → Madhya Pradesh (1 November 1959)
Madras State → Tamil Nadu (14 January 1969)
Mysore State → Karnataka (1 November 1973)
Uttaranchal → Uttarakhand (1 January 2007)
Orissa → Odisha (4 November 2011)

text: Cities[edit]

text: Notable city names that were officially changed by legislation after independence include:

text:
Jabalpur (Hindi: जबलपुर), from Jubbulpore, respelled in 1947
Jajmau (Hindi: जाजमऊ), from Jajesmow, respelled in 1948 [10]
Kanpur (Hindi: कानपुर), from Cawnpore, respelled in 1948
Vadodara (Gujarati: વડોદરા), from Baroda, respelled in 1974
Thiruvananthapuram (Malayalam: തിരുവനന്തപുരം), from Trivandrum, respelled in 1991
Mumbai (Marathi: मुंबई), from Bombay, renamed in 1995 [11]
Kochi (Malayalam: കൊച്ചി), from Cochin, respelled in 1996
Chennai (Tamil: சென்னை), from Madras, renamed in 1996
Kolkata (Bengali: কলকাতা), from Calcutta, respelled in 2001
Kadapa (Telugu: కడప), from Cuddapah, respelled in 2005
Puducherry (Tamil: புதுச்சேரி), from Pondicherry, renamed in 2006
Bengaluru (Kannada: ಬೆಂಗಳೂರು), from Bangalore, respelled in 2007 [12]
Belagavi from Belgaum in 2014 [13][14]
Tumakuru from Tumkur in 2014
Hubballi from Hubli in 2014
Shivamogga from Shimoga in 2014
Hosapete from Hospet in 2014
Mysuru from Mysore in 2014
Kalaburagi from Gulbarga in 2014
Chikkamagaluru from Chikmagalur
Vijapura from Bijapur in 2014
Ballari from Bellary in 2014
Mangaluru from Mangalore in 2014
Rajahmahendravaram from Rajahmundry in 2015
Gurugram from Gurgaon in 2016

text: For others, by state order, see list of renamed Indian cities and states.

text:
Alappuzha, from Alleppey
Guwahati (Assamese: গুৱাহাটী), from Gauhati
Indore, from Indhur
Kanchipuram from Kāñci-pura And Conjevaram
Kannur, from Cannanore
Kollam, from Quilon
Koyilandy, from Quilandi
Kozhikode, from Calicut
Kumbakonam from ancient name Kudanthai
Mayiladuthurai from Mayavaram ancient name Mayuram
Narmada, from Nerbudda
Nagaon (Assamese: নগাওঁ), from Nowgong
Palakkad, from Palghat
Panaji, from Panjim
Pune, from Poona
Ramanathapuram, from Ramnad
Sagar, from Saugor
Shimla, from Simla
Thalassery, from Tellicherry
Thanjavur, from ancient name Tanjore
Thoothukudi, from Tuticorin
Thrissur, from Trichur
Tindivanam, from Tinthirivanam
Tiruchirapalli, from Trichinopoly and its short form Trichy
Tirunelveli, from Tinnevelly
Tiruvallikeni, from Triplicane
Udhagamandalam, from Ootacamund and its short form Ooty
Viluppuram, from Vizhupparaiyar And Vizhimaa Nagaram
Varanasi, from Benares
Vatakara, from Badagara
Virudhachalam, from  Vriddhachalam ancient name Thirumudhukundram
Vijayawada, from Bejawada
Visakhapatnam, from Waltair, and before that Vizagapatnam and its short form Vizag

text: Town names that derive from ancient names:

text:
Mandi, derived from Mandav Nagar [15]
Nellore, in ancient times Simhapuri [16]

text: Proposed changes[edit]

text: Several other changes have been proposed for states and towns.

text: States and Union territories[edit]

text:
Goa to Govapuri [17]
Kerala to Keralam
Nagaland to Naganchi [18]
West Bengal to Bengal

text: Towns[edit]

text:
Ahmedabad to Karnavati
Allahabad to Prayagraj[19][20]
Aurangabad to Sambhajinagar
Azamgarh to Aryamgarh [21]
Bhopal to Bhojpal [22]
Lucknow to Lakshmanpur [23]
Hyderabad to Bhagyanagar
Mahabubabad to Manukota
Mahbubnagar to Palamuru

text: Need for unification of spelling[edit]

text: India has various local languages. Even (Romanised) English spellings in long and wide use often vary depending upon which government department or agency uses them. To the point, a few examples are Quilandy vs. Koyilandy, Canannore vs. Kannur, and Rangiya vs. Rangia. Different departments of the government may have used official spellings in use at the time, while locations associated with Indian railways mostly maintained British-era spellings. The confusion inherent in such variations has often resulted in serious consequences like people having two "different" addresses (theoretically designating the same place) in their official records leading to legal disputes, or one house having residents of different house addresses due to differing place names. Many people argue that such confusion can lead to indeterminate and/or unintended consequences.[24]