document_title: Premier League records and statistics

question_text: which team has scored the most goals in premier league history

text: Premier League records and statistics

text: League records[edit]

text: Titles[edit]

text:
Most titles: 13, Manchester United[1]
Most consecutive title wins: 3, Manchester United twice (1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01 and 2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)[1]
Biggest title-winning margin: 18 points, 1999–2000; Manchester United (91 points) over Arsenal (73 points)[2]
Smallest title-winning margin: 0 points and 8 goal difference – 2011–12; Manchester City (+64) over Manchester United (+56). Both finished on 89 points, but Manchester City won the title with a superior goal difference — the only time that goal difference has determined the Premier League.[3]

text: Wins[edit]

text:
Most wins in a season (38 games): 30, Chelsea (2016–17)[4]
Fewest wins in a season (38 games): 1, Derby County (2007–08)[5]
Fewest home wins in a season (19 games): 1, joint record:[5]

Sunderland (2005–06)
Derby County (2007–08)

Most home wins in a season (19 games): 18, joint record:[6]

Chelsea (2005–06)
Manchester United (2010–11)
Manchester City (2011–12)[7]

Most away wins in a season (19 games): 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[8]
Fewest away wins in a season (19/21 games): 0, joint record:[5][9][10]

Leeds United (1992–93)
Coventry City (1999–2000)
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2003–04)
Norwich City (2004–05)
Derby County (2007–08)
Hull City (2009–10)

Most consecutive wins: 18, Manchester City (between 26 August 2017 and 27 December 2017)[11]
Most consecutive games without a win: 32, Derby County (2007–08)[5]
Most consecutive games without a win from beginning of season: 16, Queens Park Rangers (between 18 August 2012 and 8 December 2012)[12]
Most consecutive home wins: 20, Manchester City (between 5 March 2011 and 21 March 2012)[13]
Most consecutive away wins: 11, joint record:[14][11]

Chelsea (between 6 April 2008 and 7 December 2008)
Manchester City (between 21 May 2017 and 27 December 2017)

text: Losses[edit]

text:
Fewest losses in a season (38 games): 0, Arsenal (2003–04)[15]
Longest unbeaten run: 49 games, Arsenal (7 May 2003 – 24 October 2004)[16]
Most losses in total: 336, Everton[17]
Fewest home losses in a season (19 games): 0, joint record:

Manchester United (1995–96, 1999–2000, 2010–11)[18][19][20]
Arsenal (1998–99, 2003–04, 2007–08) [21][22][23]
Chelsea (2004–05, 2005–06, 2006–07, 2007–08, 2014–15)[23][24][25][26][27]
Liverpool (2008–09)[28]
Manchester City (2011–12)[7]
Tottenham Hotspur (2016–17)

Most consecutive losses over more than one season (38 games): 20, Sunderland (2002–03, 2005–06)[29]
Fewest away losses in a season (19 games): 0, Arsenal (2001–02, 2003–04)[22][30]
Most consecutive home games undefeated: 86, Chelsea (20 March 2004 – 26 October 2008)[31]
Most consecutive away games undefeated: 27, Arsenal (5 April 2003 – 25 September 2004)[32]

text: Draws[edit]

text:
Most draws in a season (42 games): 18 – joint record:

Manchester City (1993–94)[33]
Sheffield United (1993–94)[33]
Southampton (1994–95)[33]

Most draws in a season (38 games): 17 – joint record:

Newcastle United (2003–04)[33]
Aston Villa (2006–07 & 2011–12)[33]
Sunderland (2014–15)[33]

Most home draws in a season: 10 – joint record:

Sheffield Wednesday (1996–97)[33]
Leicester City (1997–98 & 2003–04)[33]
Manchester United (2016–17)[33]

Most away draws in a season: 10, Newcastle United (2003–04)[33]
Fewest draws in a season: 3, Chelsea (1997–98 & 2016–17)[33]
Fewest home draws in a season: 0 – joint record:

Manchester City (2008–09)[33]
Manchester United (2012–13)[33]
Chelsea (2016–17)[33]

Fewest away draws in a season: 1 – joint record:

Bolton Wanderers (1995–96)[33]
Queens Park Rangers (1995–96 & 2014–15)[33]
Barnsley (1997–98)[33]
Chelsea (1997–98)[33]
Bradford City (1999–2000)[33]
Everton (2000–01)[33]
Ipswich Town (2000–01)[33]
Portsmouth (2005–06 & 2007–08)[33]
Burnley (2009–10)[33]
Liverpool (2011–12)[33]
Newcastle United (2013–14)[33]
Queens Park Rangers (2014–15)[33]

Most consecutive draws: 7 – joint record:

Norwich City (1993–94)[33]
Southampton (1994–95)[33]
Manchester City (2009–10)[33]

Most draws in total: 277, Everton[17]

text: Attendances[edit]

text:
Highest attendance, single game: 83,222, Tottenham Hotspur 1–0 Arsenal (at Wembley Stadium, 10 February 2018)[34]
Lowest attendance, single game: 3,039, Wimbledon 1–3 Everton (at Selhurst Park, 26 January 1993)[35][36]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
Most goals scored in a season: 103, Chelsea (2009–10)[37]
Fewest goals scored in a season: 20, Derby County (2007–08)[38]
Most goals conceded in a season (42 games): 100, Swindon Town (1993–94)[39]
Most goals conceded in a season (38 games): 89, Derby County (2007–08)[40]
Fewest goals conceded in a season: 15, Chelsea (2004–05)[41]
Best goal difference in a season: 71, Chelsea (2009–10)[41]
Most goals scored in a season by a relegated team: 55, Blackpool (2010–11)[42]
Most goals scored at home in a season: 68, Chelsea (2009–10)[41]
Fewest goals scored at home in a season: 10, Manchester City (2006–07)[43]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (21 games): 45, Swindon Town (1993–94)[44]
Most goals conceded at home in a season (19 games): 43

Derby County (2007–08)[44]
Wolverhampton Wanderers (2011–12)[44]

Fewest goals conceded at home in a season (21 games or 19 games): 4, Manchester United (1994–95)[44]
Most goals scored away in a season: 48, Liverpool (2013–14)[44]
Fewest goals scored away in a season: 8

Middlesbrough (1995–96)[44]
Southampton (1998–99)[44]
Sheffield United (2006–07)[44]
Derby County (2007–08)[44]

Most goals conceded away in a season (21 games): 59, Ipswich Town (1994–95)[44]
Most goals conceded away in a season (19 games): 55, Wigan Athletic (2009–10)[44]
Fewest goals conceded away in a season: 9, Chelsea (2004–05)[44]
Fewest failures to score in a match in a season: 0 (scored in every game), Arsenal (2001–02)[45]
Most goals scored in total: 1,856, Manchester United[17]
Most goals conceded in total: 1,231, Tottenham Hotspur[17]
Largest goal deficit overcome to win: 3

Leeds United 4–3 Derby County (8 November 1997)[46]
West Ham United 3–4 Wimbledon (9 September 1998)[47]
Tottenham Hotspur 3–5 Manchester United (29 September 2001)[48]
Wolverhampton Wanderers 4–3 Leicester City (25 October 2003)[49]

Largest goal deficit overcome to draw: 4, Newcastle United 4–4 Arsenal (5 February 2011)[50]

text: Points[edit]

text:
Most points in a season: 95, Chelsea (2004–05)[51]
Fewest points in a season: 11, Derby County (2007–08)[52]
Most points in a season without winning the league: 89, Manchester United (2011–12)[53]
Fewest points in a season while winning the league: 75, Manchester United (1996–97)[54]
Most points in a season while being relegated:

42 games: 49, Crystal Palace (1992–93)[55]
38 games: 42, West Ham United (2002–03)[55]

Fewest points in a season while surviving relegation: 34, West Bromwich Albion (2004–05)[56]

text: Player records[edit]

text: Appearances[edit]

text:
Most Premier League appearances: 652, Gareth Barry (2 May 1998 to 12 February 2018)[57]
Oldest player: John Burridge, 43 years and 162 days (for Manchester City v. Queens Park Rangers, 14 May 1995)[58]
Youngest player: Matthew Briggs, 16 years and 65 days (for Fulham v. Middlesbrough, 13 May 2007)[59]
Most consecutive Premier League appearances: 310, Brad Friedel (14 August 2004 until 7 October 2012)[60]
Most seasons appeared in: 22, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2013–14)[61]

text: Goals[edit]

text:
First Premier League goal: Brian Deane (for Sheffield United v. Manchester United, 15 August 1992)[62]
Most Premier League goals: Alan Shearer (260)[63]

text:
Most goals scored away from home: Wayne Rooney (94)[citation needed]
Most Premier League goals at one club: Wayne Rooney (183, for Manchester United)[64]
Oldest goalscorer: Teddy Sheringham, 40 years and 268 days (for West Ham United v. Portsmouth, 26 December 2006)[65]
Youngest goalscorer: James Vaughan, 16 years and 271 days (for Everton v. Crystal Palace, 10 April 2005)[66]

text:
Most consecutive Premier League matches scored in: 11, Jamie Vardy (for Leicester City, 29 August to 28 November 2015)[67]
Most seasons scored in: 21, Ryan Giggs (every season from 1992–93 to 2012–13)[68]

text:
Rank
Name
Goals
Games
Goals per game
Playing position
First goal
Last goal

1
 Alan Shearer
260
441
0.59
Forward
1992–93
2005–06

2
 Wayne Rooney
208
482
0.43
Forward
2002–03
2017–18

3
 Andy Cole
187
414
0.45
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

4
 Frank Lampard
177
609
0.29
Midfield
1997–98
2014–15

5
 Thierry Henry
175
258
0.68
Forward
1999–2000
2011–12

6
 Robbie Fowler
163
379
0.43
Forward
1993–94
2006–07

7
 Jermain Defoe
161
483
0.33
Forward
2001–02
2017–18

8
 Michael Owen
150
326
0.46
Forward
1996–97
2012–13

9
 Les Ferdinand
149
351
0.42
Forward
1992–93
2004–05

10
 Teddy Sheringham
146
418
0.35
Forward
1992–93
2006–07

text:
Most goals in a season (42 games): 34, joint record:[70]

Andrew Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

text:
Most goals in a season (38 games): 31, joint record:[71]

Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)
Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United, 2007–08)
Luis Suárez (Liverpool, 2013–14)

Most Premier League goals in a calendar year: 39, Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur, 2017)[72]
Number of teams scored against in a season: 17, joint record:

20-team league:[73]

Ian Wright (Arsenal, 1996–97)
Robin van Persie (Arsenal, 2011–12)

22-team league:

Andrew Cole (Newcastle United, 1993–94)
Alan Shearer (Blackburn Rovers, 1994–95)

Most goals in a debut season: 30, Kevin Phillips (Sunderland, 1999–2000)[74]
Most Premier League hat-tricks in a season: 5, Alan Shearer (38 games) (Blackburn Rovers, 1995–96)[75]
Most Premier League hat-tricks: 11, Alan Shearer[76]
Most goals in a game: 5, joint record:[77]

Andrew Cole (for Manchester United v. Ipswich Town, 4 March 1995) W 9–0
Alan Shearer (for Newcastle United v. Sheffield Wednesday, 19 September 1999) W 8–0
Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1
Dimitar Berbatov (for Manchester United v. Blackburn Rovers, 27 November 2010) W 7–1
Sergio Agüero (for Manchester City v. Newcastle United, 3 October 2015) W 6–1

text:
Most goals in one half: 5, Jermain Defoe (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Wigan Athletic, 22 November 2009) W 9–1[78]
Fastest goal: 10 seconds, Ledley King (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Bradford City, 9 December 2000)[79]
Most goals scored by a substitute in a game: 4, Ole Gunnar Solskjær (for Manchester United v. Nottingham Forest, 6 February 1999)[80]
Most consecutive away league matches scored in: 9, Robin van Persie (for Arsenal, 1 January 2011 to 22 May 2011)[81]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 30 goals: 3 (1993–1996), Alan Shearer (all for Blackburn Rovers)[82]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 25 goals: 4 (1993–1997), Alan Shearer (1993–1996 for Blackburn Rovers, 1996–1997 for Newcastle United)[83]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 20 goals: 5 (2001–2006), Thierry Henry (all for Arsenal)[83]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 10 goals: 11 (2004–2015), Wayne Rooney (all for Manchester United)[84]
Most consecutive seasons to score at least 1 goal: 21 (1992–2013), Ryan Giggs (all for Manchester United)[68]
Fastest Premier League hat-trick: Sadio Mané, 2 minutes 56 seconds (for Southampton v. Aston Villa, 16 May 2015)[85]
Highest number of different clubs to score for: 7:

Craig Bellamy (for Coventry City, Newcastle United, Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool, West Ham United, Manchester City, Cardiff City)[86]

Most own goals: 10, Richard Dunne[87]
Most own goals in a season: 4, Martin Škrtel (2013–14)[88]
Most Hat-tricks against a single club: 3, Luis Suárez (for Liverpool v. Norwich City)[89]
Most goals in a calendar month: 10 (December 2013), Luis Suárez (for Liverpool)[90]

text: Assists[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Assists

Most assists (career)

1
 Ryan Giggs
162

2
 Cesc Fàbregas
111

3
 Wayne Rooney
103

4
 Frank Lampard
102

5
 Dennis Bergkamp
94

6
 Steven Gerrard
92

7
 David Beckham
80

8
 James Milner
77

9
 Teddy Sheringham
76

10
 Thierry Henry
74

text:
Most Premier League assists in a season: 20, Thierry Henry (Arsenal, 2002–03)[92]
Most consecutive Premier League matches assisted in: 7, Mesut Özil (for Arsenal, 26 September to 21 November 2015)[93]
Most assists from one player to another: 24, Frank Lampard to Didier Drogba[94]
Most assists in a single Premier League match: 4, joint record:[95]

Dennis Bergkamp (for Arsenal v. Leicester City, 20 February 1999)
José Antonio Reyes (for Arsenal v. Middlesbrough, 14 January 2006)
Cesc Fàbregas (for Arsenal v. Blackburn Rovers, 4 October 2009)
Emmanuel Adebayor (for Tottenham Hotspur v. Newcastle United, 11 February 2012)
Santi Cazorla (for Arsenal v. Wigan Athletic, 14 May 2013)
Dušan Tadić (for Southampton v. Sunderland, 18 October 2014)[96]

text: Goalkeepers[edit]

text:
Rank
Player
Clean
sheets

Most clean sheets (career)

1
 Petr Čech
199

2
 David James
169

3
 Mark Schwarzer
151

4
 David Seaman
140

5
 Nigel Martyn
137

6
 Pepe Reina
134

7
 Edwin van der Sar
132

 Tim Howard

 Brad Friedel

10
 Peter Schmeichel
128

text:
Most clean sheets in one season: 24, Petr Čech (for Chelsea, 2004–05)[97]
Longest consecutive run without conceding a goal: 14 games (1,311 minutes), Edwin van der Sar (for Manchester United, 2008–09)[98]
Goalscoring goalkeepers (excluding own goals):

Peter Schmeichel (Everton 3–2 Aston Villa, 20 October 2001)[99]
Brad Friedel (Charlton Athletic 3–2 Blackburn Rovers, 21 February 2004)[100]
Paul Robinson (Tottenham Hotspur 3–1 Watford, 17 March 2007)[101]
Tim Howard (Everton 1–2 Bolton Wanderers, 4 January 2012)[102]
Asmir Begović (Stoke City 1–1 Southampton, 2 November 2013)[103]

text: Disciplinary[edit]

text:
Most red cards: 8, joint record:[57]

Duncan Ferguson
Patrick Vieira
Richard Dunne

Most yellow cards for a player: 103, Gareth Barry[69]
Most yellow cards for a single team in one game: 9 (Tottenham Hotspur v. Chelsea, 2 May 2016)[104]
Fouling record: 782, Kevin Davies (since 2000–01, the first season for which reliable records are available)[105]
Longest ban: 12 matches, Joey Barton. After being dismissed for violent conduct, Barton was found guilty of two further separate counts of violent conduct after his dismissal vs Manchester City, 23 May 2012[106]

text: Youngest players to score[edit]

text: This is a list of the top 10 youngest players to score a goal in the Premier League.[107]

text:
Player
Date
Team
Age
Opposition

1
James Vaughan
10-Apr-2005
Everton
16 years 270 days
Crystal Palace

2
James Milner
26-Dec-2002
Leeds United
16 years 346 days
Sunderland

3
Wayne Rooney
19-Oct-2002
Everton
16 years 351 days
Arsenal

4
Cesc Fabregas
25-Aug-2004
Arsenal
17 years 114 days
Blackburn Rovers

5
Michael Owen
06-May-1997
Liverpool
17 years 144 days
Wimbledon

6
Andy Turner
05-Sep-1992
Tottenham
17 years 166 days
Everton

7
Federico Macheda
05-Apr-2009
Manchester United
17 years 226 days
Aston Villa

8
Raheem Sterling
20-Oct-2012
Liverpool
17 years 317 days
Reading

9
Mikael Forssell
20-Feb-1999
Chelsea
17 years 342 days
Nottingham Forest

10
Danny Cadamarteri
20-Sep-1997
Everton
17 years 344 days
Barnsley

text: Match records[edit]

text: Scorelines[edit]

text:
Biggest home win: 9–0, Manchester United v. Ipswich Town (4 March 1995)[108]
Biggest away win: 1–8, Nottingham Forest v. Manchester United (6 February 1999)[108]
Biggest aggregate win: 12–1, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 7–0 Nottingham Forest (18 November 1995) & Nottingham Forest 1–5 Blackburn Rovers (13 April 1996)
Tottenham Hotspur 9–1 Wigan Athletic (22 November 2009) & Wigan Athletic 0–3 Tottenham Hotspur (21 February 2010)

Biggest loss by reigning champions: 1–6, joint record:[109]

Manchester United 1–6 Manchester City (23 October 2011), after Manchester United had won the 2010–11 competition
Leicester City 1–6 Tottenham Hotspur (18 May 2017), after Leicester City had won the 2015–16 competition

Highest scoring: 7–4, Portsmouth v. Reading (29 September 2007)[110]
Highest scoring draw: 5–5, West Bromwich Albion v. Manchester United (19 May 2013)[111]
Highest scoring in the first half: 7 goals, joint record:

Blackburn Rovers 3–4 Leeds United (14 September 1997 — final score; 3–4)[112]
Bradford City 4–3 Derby County (21 April 2000 — final score; 4–4)[113]
Reading 3–4 Manchester United (1 December 2012 — final score; 3–4)[114]

Most individual goal scorers in one game: 9, joint record:

Tottenham Hotspur 4–5 Arsenal (13 November 2004)[115]
Portsmouth 7–4 Reading (29 September 2007)[116]

Most individual goal scorers in one game for the same team: 7, joint record:

Chelsea 8–0 Aston Villa (23 December 2012)[117]
Manchester City 7–0 Norwich City (2 November 2013)[118]
Southampton 8–0 Sunderland (18 October 2014)[119]

text: All-time Premier League table[edit]

text: The all-time Premier League table is a cumulative record of all match results, points and goals of every team that has played in the Premier League since its inception in 1992. The table that follows is accurate as of the start of the 2017–18 season. Teams in bold are part of the 2017–18 Premier League. Numbers in bold are the record (highest either positive or negative) numbers in each column.[120]

text:
Pos.
Club
Seasons
Pld
Win
Draw
Loss
GF
GA
GD
Pts
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
Relegated
Avg
Pts
Best
Pos.

1
Manchester United
25
962
604
209
149
1856
847
1009
2021
13
5
3
1

80.84
1

2
Arsenal
25
962
525
247
190
1698
911
787
1822
3
6
5
7

72.88
1

3
Chelsea
25
962
516
241
205
1645
925
720
1789
5
4
4
2

71.56
1

4
Liverpool
25
962
478
243
241
1601
986
615
1677

3
5
6

67.08
2

5
Tottenham Hotspur
25
962
400
247
315
1406
1231
175
1447

1
1
2

57.88
2

6
Everton
25
962
349
277
336
1259
1207
52
1324

1

52.96
4

7
Aston Villa
24
924
316
275
333
1117
1186
−69
1223

1

1
1
50.96
2

8
Newcastle United
22
844
322
217
305
1168
1140
28
1183

2
2
1
2
53.77
2

9
Manchester City
20
772
327
190
255
1173
925
248
1171
2
2
2
1
2
58.55
1

10
West Ham United
21
806
265
209
332
964
1146
−182
1004

2
47.81
5

11
Blackburn Rovers
18
696
262
184
250
927
907
20
970
1
1

1
2
53.89
1

12
Southampton
18
696
222
187
287
855
966
−111
853

1
47.39
6

13
Leeds United
12
468
189
125
154
641
573
68
692

1
2
1
57.67
3

14
Middlesbrough
15
574
165
169
240
648
794
−146
661[121]

4
44.01
7

15
Sunderland
16
608
153
159
296
612
904
−292
618

4
38.63
7

16
Fulham
13
494
150
136
208
570
697
−127
586

1
45.08
7

17
Bolton Wanderers
13
494
149
128
217
575
745
−170
575

3
44.23
6

18
Leicester City
11
422
130
118
174
516
610
−94
508
1

3
46.18
1

19
West Bromwich Albion
11
418
106
115
197
444
640
−196
433

3
39.36
8

20
Stoke City
9
342
109
97
136
363
457
−94
424

47.11
9

21
Coventry City
9
354
99
112
143
387
490
−103
409

1
45.40
11

22
Sheffield Wednesday
8
316
101
89
126
409
453
−44
392

1
49.00
7

23
Wimbledon
8
316
99
94
123
384
472
−88
391

1
48.88
6

24
Charlton Athletic
8
304
93
82
129
342
442
−100
361

2
45.13
7

25
Norwich City
8
316
89
92
135
365
510
−145
359

1

4
44.88
3

26
Crystal Palace
8
312
86
78
148
329
456
−127
336

4
42.00
10

27
Wigan Athletic
8
304
85
76
143
316
482
−166
331

1
41.38
10

28
Queens Park Rangers
7
278
81
65
132
339
431
−92
308

3
44.00
5

29
Birmingham City
7
266
73
82
111
273
360
−87
301

3
43.00
9

30
Portsmouth
7
266
79
65
122
292
380
−88
293[122]

1
41.90
8

31
Swansea City
6
228
74
57
97
278
327
−49
279

46.50
8

32
Derby County
7
266
68
70
128
271
420
−149
274

2
39.10
8

33
Nottingham Forest
5
198
60
59
79
229
287
−58
239

1

3
47.80
3

34
Ipswich Town
5
202
57
53
92
219
312
−93
224

2
44.80
5

35
Hull City
5
190
41
48
101
181
323
−142
171

3
34.20
16

36
Watford
4
152
34
35
83
144
254
−110
137

2
34.25
13

37
Wolverhampton Wanderers
4
152
32
40
80
156
281
−125
136

2
34.00
15

38
Sheffield United
3
122
32
36
54
128
168
−40
132

2
44.00
14

39
Reading
3
114
32
23
59
136
186
−50
119

2
39.67
8

40
Burnley
3
114
26
25
63
109
190
−81
103

2
34.33
16

41
Oldham Athletic
2
84
22
23
39
105
142
−37
89

1
44.50
19

42
Bournemouth
2
76
23
19
34
100
134
−34
88

44.00
9

43
Bradford City
2
76
14
20
42
68
138
−70
62

1
31.00
17

44
Blackpool
1
38
10
9
19
55
78
−23
39

1
39.00
19

45
Barnsley
1
38
10
5
23
37
82
−45
35

1
35.00
19

46
Cardiff City
1
38
7
9
22
32
74
−42
30

1
30.00
20

47
Swindon Town
1
42
5
15
22
47
100
−53
30

1
30.00
22

48
Brighton & Hove Albion
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

00.00

49
Huddersfield Town
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

00.00

text: League or status at 2017–18:

text:
2017–18 Premier League

2017–18 EFL Championship

2017–18 Football League One

2017–18 Football League Two

Defunct: by a 2007 agreement, neither Milton Keynes Dons nor AFC Wimbledon regards itself as custodian of Wimbledon F.C.'s statistics.[123][124]

text: Managers[edit]

text:
Most Premier League winner's medals: 13, Sir Alex Ferguson (Manchester United) – 1993, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2011, 2013
Winner of Premier League Manager of the Month Award: 27, Sir Alex Ferguson
Most consecutive Premier League Manager of the Month Awards: 4, Pep Guardiola[125]
Most promotions to the Premier League: 4, Steve Bruce (Birmingham City in 2001–02 and 2006–07 and Hull City in 2012–13 and 2015–16)
Most relegations from the Premier League: 3, Dave Bassett (Sheffield United in 1993–94, Nottingham Forest in 1996–97, and Leicester City in 2001–02)[126]
Longest-serving manager: Arsène Wenger (Arsenal), 1 October 1996 to present[127]
Shortest-serving manager (excluding caretakers): Les Reed, 41 days (Charlton Athletic, 14 November 2006 to 24 December 2006)[128]


question_text: who is the highest goal scorer in england premier league

root

text: Since the Premier League's formation at the start of the 1992–93 season, 28 players have managed to accrue 100 or more goals in the competition.

tag: p

text: During the 1995–96 season, Alan Shearer became the first player to score 100 Premier League goals, and holds the record for the fewest games taken to reach 100, doing so in 124 appearances. He also holds the record for most goals scored in the Premier League.[1][2] After Shearer, Harry Kane is the second-fastest to 100 goals, doing so in 141 games.[3]

text: Players[edit]

text:
List of Premier League players with 100 or more goals
As of 30 October 2018. Sources:[4][5]

Rank

Nat.

Player

Premier League club(s)

Goals

Played

Ratio

1

 England

Alan Shearer

Blackburn Rovers, Newcastle United

260

441

0.59

2

 England

Wayne Rooney

Everton, Manchester United

208

494

0.42

3

 England

Andy Cole

Newcastle United, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Fulham, Manchester City, Portsmouth

187

414

0.45

4

 England

Frank Lampard

West Ham United, Chelsea, Manchester City

177

609

0.29

5

 France

Thierry Henry

Arsenal

175

258

0.68

6

 England

Robbie Fowler

Liverpool, Leeds United, Manchester City

163

379

0.43

7

 England

Jermain Defoe

West Ham United, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Bournemouth

162

492

0.33

9

 England

Michael Owen

Liverpool, Newcastle United, Manchester United, Stoke City

150

326

0.46

10

 England

Les Ferdinand

Queens Park Rangers, Newcastle United, Tottenham Hotspur, West Ham United, Leicester City, Bolton Wanderers

149

351

0.42

8

 Argentina

Sergio Agüero

Manchester City

150

218

0.69

11

 England

Teddy Sheringham

Nottingham Forest, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United, Portsmouth, West Ham United

146

418

0.35

12

 Netherlands

Robin van Persie

Arsenal, Manchester United

144

280

0.51

13

 Netherlands

Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink

Leeds United, Chelsea, Middlesbrough, Charlton Athletic

127

288

0.44

14

 Republic of Ireland

Robbie Keane

Coventry City, Leeds United, Tottenham Hotspur, Liverpool, West Ham United, Aston Villa

126

349

0.36

15

 France

Nicolas Anelka

Arsenal, Liverpool, Manchester City, Bolton Wanderers, Chelsea, West Bromwich Albion

125

364

0.34

16

 Trinidad and Tobago

Dwight Yorke

Aston Villa, Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Birmingham City, Sunderland

123

375

0.33

17

 England

Steven Gerrard

Liverpool

120

504

0.24

18

 England

Ian Wright

Arsenal, West Ham United

113

213

0.53

 England

Harry Kane

Tottenham Hotspur, Norwich City

163

0.69

20

 England

Dion Dublin

Manchester United, Coventry City, Aston Villa

111

312

0.36

21

 England

Emile Heskey

Leicester City, Liverpool, Birmingham City, Wigan Athletic, Aston Villa

110

516

0.21

22

 Wales

Ryan Giggs

Manchester United

109

632

0.17

23

 England

Peter Crouch

Aston Villa, Southampton, Liverpool, Portsmouth, Tottenham Hotspur, Stoke City

108

462

0.23

24

 England

Paul Scholes

Manchester United

107

499

0.21

25

 England

Darren Bent

Ipswich Town, Charlton Athletic, Tottenham Hotspur, Sunderland, Aston Villa, Fulham

106

276

0.38

26

 Belgium

Romelu Lukaku

Chelsea, West Bromwich Albion, Everton, Manchester United

105

227

0.46

27

 Ivory Coast

Didier Drogba

Chelsea

104

254

0.41

28

 England

Matt Le Tissier

Southampton

100

270

0.37

Italics show players still playing professional football; Bold shows players still playing in the Premier League.[4]

tag: table


document_title: Penny (United States coin)

question_text: when was the last solid copper penny made

text: Penny (United States coin)

text: History of composition[edit]

text:
Years
Material
Weight
(grains)
Weight
(grams)

1793–1795
~100% copper
208 grains
13.48

1795–1857
~100% copper
168 grains
10.89

1856–1864
88% copper, 12% nickel (also known as NS-12)
72 grains
4.67

1864–1942
bronze (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc)
48 grains
3.11

1943
zinc-coated steel (also known as 1943 steel cent)
42 grains
2.72

1944–1946
brass (shell case copper) (95% copper, 5% zinc)
48 grains
3.11

1947–1962
bronze (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc)
48 grains
3.11

1962–1981
brass (95% copper, 5% zinc)
48 grains
3.11

1982[7]
brass (95% copper, 5% zinc)
48 grains
3.11

copper-plated zinc (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper)
38.6 grains
2.5

1983–present
copper-plated zinc (97.5% zinc, 2.5% copper)
38.6 grains
2.5

text: In honor of Lincoln's 200th anniversary, special 2009 cents were minted for collectors in the same composition as the 1909 coins.[8]

text: The isotope composition of early coins spanning the period 1828 to 1843 reflects that of copper from Cornish ores from England, while coins after 1850 that reflects that of Keweenaw Peninsula, Michigan ores, a finding consistent with historical records.[9]

text: In 1943, at the peak of World War II, zinc-coated steel cents were made for a short time because of war demands for copper. A few copper cents from 1943 were produced from the 1942 planchets remaining in the bins. Similarly, some 1944 steel cents have been confirmed. From 1944 through 1946, salvaged ammunition shells made their way into the minting process, and it was not uncommon to see coins featuring streaks of brass or having a considerably darker finish than other issues.

text: During the early 1970s, the price of copper rose to the point where the cent contained almost one cent's worth of copper. This led the Mint to test alternative metals, including aluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and over 1.5 million of these pennies were struck and ready for public release before ultimately being rejected. The proposed aluminum pennies were rejected for two reasons: vending machine owners complained the coins would cause mechanical problems; and pediatricians and pediatric radiologists pointed out that the radiodensity of the metal inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts was close to that of soft tissue, and the coins would therefore be difficult to detect in X-ray imaging.[10] One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution.

text: The cent's composition was changed in 1982 because the value of the copper in the coin started to rise above one cent.[11] Some 1982 pennies used the 97.5% zinc composition, while others used the 95% copper composition. With the exception of 2009 bicentennial cents minted specifically for collectors, United States cents minted after 1982 have been zinc with copper-plating. In Fiscal Year 2013, the average one-cent piece minted cost the U.S. Mint 1.83 cents, down from 2.41 cents apiece in FY 2011.[12]

text: The bronze and copper cents can be distinguished from the newer zinc cents by dropping the coins on a solid surface. The predominantly copper coins produce a higher-pitched ringing sound, while the zinc coins make a lower-pitched "clunk".[13] In addition, a full 50-cent roll of pre-1982/3 coins weighs 5.4 oz compared to a post-1982–83 roll which weighs 4.4 oz.

text: Mintage figures for the Lincoln cent can be found at Lincoln cent mintage figures.

text: Designs[edit]

text: The coin has gone through several designs over its two-hundred-year time frame. Until 1857 it was about the size of the current U.S. dollar coins (Susan B. Anthony through present dollars).

text: The following types of cents have been produced:

text: Large cents:

text:
Flowing Hair Chain 1793
Flowing Hair Wreath 1793
Liberty Cap 1793–1796
Draped bust 1796–1807
Classic Head 1808–1814
Coronet 1816–1839
Braided Hair 1839–1857, 1868 (not a regular issue)

tag: ul

text: Small cents:

text:
Flying Eagle cent (1856–1858)
Indian Head cent (1859–1909)
Lincoln cent (1909–present)

Lincoln Wheat (1909–1958)
Lincoln Memorial (1959–2008)
Lincoln Bicentennial 4 reverse designs (2009)
Lincoln Union Shield[14] (2010–present)

text: Throughout its history, the Lincoln cent has featured several typefaces for the date, but most of the digits have been old-style numerals, except with the 4 and 8 neither ascending nor descending. The only significant divergence is that the small 3 was non-descending (the same size as a 0, 1, or 2) in the early history, before switching to a descending, large 3 for just one year in 1934 and then permanently (as of 2014[update]) in 1943. Similarly, the digit 5 was small and non-descending up to 1945, then from 1950 and on, it became a large descending 5. From 1959 until 2008, the Lincoln Memorial was shown on the reverse of the United States cent. Because the Lincoln Memorial was shown in sufficient detail to discern the statue of Lincoln on the reverse of cent, Abraham Lincoln was at that time the only person to be depicted on both the obverse and reverse of the same United States coin. In 1999, the New Jersey state quarter was released, which depicts George Washington on both sides, crossing the Delaware River on the reverse side and in profile on the obverse. (The state quarter for South Dakota, released in 2006, also features Washington on both sides: the typical profile on the obverse, and Washington within Mount Rushmore on the reverse.) Some of the 2009 reverse design series no longer showed Abraham Lincoln, and the 2010 Lincoln Union Shield has removed the president from the coin reverse for the foreseeable future.

text: An additional design detail that is not readily visible to the naked eye is found on the obverse side of the 1918 onward United States cent. The letters "VDB" stamped on the bottom sleeve of Abraham Lincoln represent the initials of Victor David Brenner, the primary designer of the Wheat cent.

text: Lincoln cent[edit]

text: The Lincoln cent is the current one-cent coin of the U.S. It was adopted in 1909 (which would have been Lincoln's 100th birthday), replacing the Indian Head cent. Its reverse was changed in 1959 from a wheat-stalks design to a design which includes the Lincoln Memorial (to commemorate Lincoln's sesquicentennial) and was replaced again in 2009 with four new designs to commemorate Lincoln's bicentennial. There are more one-cent coins produced than any other denomination, which makes the Lincoln cent a familiar item. In its lifespan, this coin has weathered both world wars, one of which temporarily changed its composition as part of the war effort. The obverse is the longest design used for any circulating American currency.

text: History[edit]

text: When the Lincoln one-cent coin made its initial appearance in 1909, it marked a radical departure from the accepted styling of United States coinage, as it was the first regular coin to bear a portrait other than the mythical Liberty which appeared on most pre-1909 regular coins. Previously, a strong feeling had prevailed against using portraits on coins in the United States, but public sentiment stemming from the 100th anniversary celebration of Abraham Lincoln's birth proved stronger than the long-standing tradition.

text: A variety of privately minted tokens bearing Lincoln's image circulated as one-cent pieces during Lincoln's presidency; legitimate coinage had become scarce during the Civil War. These early tokens undoubtedly influenced the denomination, appearance, size, and composition of Lincoln cents.

text: Theodore Roosevelt, the 26th U.S. President, thought American coins were so common and uninspiring that he attempted to get the motto "In God We Trust" removed as offending religion. Roosevelt had the opportunity to pose for a young Lithuanian-born Jew, Victor David Brenner, who, since arriving nineteen years earlier in the United States had become one of the nation's premier medalists. Roosevelt had learned of Brenner's talents in a settlement house on New York City's Lower East Side and was immediately impressed with a bas-relief that Brenner had made of Lincoln, based on a Mathew Brady photograph. Roosevelt, who considered Lincoln the savior of the Union and the greatest Republican President, and who also considered himself Lincoln's political heir, ordered the new Lincoln cent to be based on Brenner's work and to be released just in time to commemorate Lincoln's 100th birthday in 1909. The likeness of President Lincoln on the obverse of the coin is an adaptation of a plaque Brenner created several years earlier which had come to the attention of President Roosevelt in New York.[15]

text: In addition to the prescribed elements on U.S. coins—LIBERTY and the date—the motto In God We Trust appeared for the first time on a coin of this denomination. The United States Congress passed the Act of March 3, 1865, authorizing the use of this motto on U.S. coins,[16] during Lincoln's tenure in office.

text: Even though no legislation was required for the new design, approval of the Secretary of the Treasury was necessary to make the change. Franklin MacVeagh gave his approval on July 14, 1909, and not quite three weeks later, on August 2, the new coin was released to the public.

text: In 1918, after the controversy over Brenner's name and initials on the reverse had died down, his initials were placed on the obverse with no further controversy. They are to be found in minute form on the rim of the bust, just under the shoulder of Lincoln.

text: In 1969, the design was revised to make Lincoln look more like Brenner's original sculptures.

text: Reverse design[edit]

text:
Reverses of the
Lincoln cent

Wheat (1909–1958)

Lincoln Memorial (1959–2008)

Birth and early childhood in Kentucky (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)

Formative Years in Indiana (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)

Professional life in Illinois (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)

Presidency in DC (Lincoln Bicentennial, 2009)

Union shield (2010–present)

text: Wheat cent (1909–1958)[edit]

text: A study of three potential reverses resulted in the approval of a very simple design bearing two wheatheads in memorial style. Between these, in the center of the coin, are the denomination and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, while curving around the upper border is the national motto, E Pluribus Unum, Latin for "From Many, One."

text: The original model bore Brenner's name on the reverse, curving along the rim below UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Before the coins were issued, however, the initials "VDB" were substituted because officials at the United States Mint felt the name was too prominent. After the coin was released, many protested that even the initials were conspicuous and detracted from the design. Because the coin was in great demand, and because to make a change would have required halting production, the decision was made to eliminate the initials entirely.

text: Thus in 1909 the U.S. had six different cents: the 1909 and 1909-S Indian Head cents, and four Lincoln coins: 1909 VDB, 1909-S VDB, 1909 and 1909-S. In all cases the Philadelphia mintages far exceeded the San Francisco issues. While the smallest mintage is the '09-S Indian, the '09-S VDB is the key Lincoln date, and hence is most valuable. Its mintage of 484,000 is only 1.7% of the plain V.D.B.

text: Lincoln Memorial cent (1959–2008)[edit]

text: On February 12, 1959, a revised reverse design was introduced as part of the 150th anniversary of Lincoln's birth. No formal competition was held. Frank Gasparro, then Assistant Engraver at the Philadelphia Mint, prepared the winning entry, selected from a group of 23 models that the engraving staff at the Mint had been asked to present for consideration. Again, only the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury was necessary to make the change because the design had been in use for more than the required 25 years. The imposing marble Lincoln Memorial provides the central motif, with the legends E Pluribus Unum and UNITED STATES OF AMERICA completing the design, together with the denomination. The initials "FG" appear on the right, near the shrubbery.

text: Lincoln Bicentennial cents (2009)[edit]

text: The Presidential $1 Coin Act of 2005 required that the cent's reverse be redesigned in 2009. This resulted in the mintage of four different coins showing scenes from Abraham Lincoln's life in honor of the bicentennial of his birth.

text: These four designs, unveiled September 22, 2008 at a ceremony held at the Lincoln Memorial on the National Mall in Washington, D.C., are:

text:
Birth and early childhood in Kentucky: this design features a log cabin and Lincoln's birth year 1809. It was designed by Richard Masters and sculpted by Jim Licaretz. This cent was released into circulation on Lincoln's 200th birthday, February 12, 2009, at a special ceremony at LaRue County High School in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln's birthplace.[17] The mintage was extremely low compared to prior years (see Lincoln cent mintage figures). It has been nicknamed the "Log Cabin Penny".
Formative years in Indiana: this design features a young Lincoln reading while taking a break from rail splitting. It was designed and sculpted by Charles Vickers. Nicknamed the "Indiana Penny", it was released on May 14, 2009.[18]
Professional life in Illinois: this design features a young professional Lincoln standing before the Springfield Illinois State Capitol. It was designed by Joel Iskowitz and sculpted by Don Everhart. Nicknamed the "Illinois Penny", it was released on August 13, 2009.[18]
Presidency in Washington, D.C.: this design features the half-completed Capitol dome. It was designed by Susan Gamble and sculpted by Joseph Menna. This fourth cent was released to the public on November 12, 2009.[18] U.S. Mint released collector's sets containing this design in copper prior to the public launch of this design in zinc.

text: Special 2009 cents struck for sale in sets to collectors had the metallic copper content of cents minted in 1909 (95% copper, 5% tin and zinc). Those struck for circulation retained the normal composition of a zinc core coated with copper.

text: Union shield cent (2010–present)[edit]

text: The 2005 act that authorized the redesign for the Bicentennial stated that another redesigned reverse for the Lincoln cent will be minted which "shall bear an image emblematic of President Lincoln's preservation of the United States of America as a single and united country".[19] Eighteen designs were proposed for the reverse of the 2010 cent.[20] On April 16, 2009 the Commission of Fine Arts (CFA) met and selected a design that showed 13 wheat sheaves bound together with a ring symbolizing American unity as one nation.[21] Later this design was withdrawn because it was similar to coinage issued in Germany in the 1920s.[22] The Citizens Coinage Advisory Committee later met and chose a design showing a Union shield with ONE CENT superimposed in a scroll; E Pluribus Unum was also depicted in the upper portion of the shield.[22][23] In June 2009 the CFA met again and chose a design featuring a modern rendition of the American flag.[24] As a part of the release ceremony for the last of the 2009 cents on November 12, the design for the 2010 cent was announced.[25] The design chosen was the one that was chosen earlier by the CCAC.[25] According to the Mint, the 13 stripes on the shield "represent the states joined in one compact union to support the Federal government, represented by the horizontal bar above."[26] The Mint also noted that a shield was commonly used in paintings in the Capitol hallways painted by Constantino Brumidi, an artist in the Capitol active during the Lincoln Presidency.[26] The obverse of the cent was also changed to a modern rendition of Brenner's design.[27][25] The new Union Shield design replaces the Lincoln memorial in use since 1959.[25] The coin was designed by artist Lyndall Bass and sculpted by U.S. Mint sculptor-engraver Joseph Menna.[28] In January 2010, the coins were released early in Puerto Rico;[29] this was caused by a shortage of 2009-dated pennies on the island.[27] The new design was released at a ceremony at the Abraham Lincoln Presidential Library in Springfield, Illinois on February 11, 2010.[30]

text: "Capped cents"[edit]

text: To commemorate the Fire at the SS Morro Castle, local coin dealer Louis Werner made copper caps depicting the Morro Castle surrounded by the legend "The Morro Castle Fire" These would then be encased over one side of a Lincoln cent. According to "Mrs. Astor's Horse" by Stanley Walker:

text: Concessionaires inside the hall carried on a lively business. A man at a stamping machine put copper caps on pennies with the head of Lincoln on one side and the inscription ff Morro Castle Fire, September, 1934, Asbury Park" on the other. Postcard sellers in the hall disposed of 150,000 pictures of the burning ship during the first few days after the disaster. As soon as they came off the press, heart-rending poems and ballads about the fire were hawked about.[31]

text: Later, to commemorate the trial of Bruno Richard Hauptmann, Werner made another design depicting the Hunterdon County Courthouse, where the trial was held, and surrounded by the legend "HAUPTMANN TRIAL, Flemington, NJ."[32] Another part of the text in "Mrs. Astor's Horse" states:

text: A man with a metal press did a fair sort of business. He set up for business on the porch of the hotel. He had constructed a die depicting the Hunterdon County courthouse, surrounded by the legend, Hauptmann Trial, Flemington, N.J. On the stand beside the press lay several hundred bright new pennies and several fine strips of copper. By running the copper strips through the press, together with the pennies, he turned out Lincoln heads backed by the courthouse and the legend. The pieces sold for five cents each, three for a dime.[31]

text: Also, from 1935 to 1938, during the Christmas season, Werner made a design depicting Santa Claus. By donating 10 cents, shoppers in Manhattan would receive these. Additionally, if they donated an extra 5 cents, their cent would come in a greeting card holder.[33] Other capped cents by Werner include commemoratives for Admiral Richard E. Byrd's expedition to the South Pole and Joe Louis. There was also a design featuring the Lord's prayer.

text: Composition[edit]

text: Bronze, 1909–1942. Initially the alloy of the Lincoln cent followed that established for this denomination with the Indian Head design in 1864, 95% copper and 2.5% tin and 2.5% zinc.

text: Wartime zinc-plated steel, 1943. The composition of the Lincoln cent was changed in 1943.

text: Production of the war-time cent was provided for in an Act of Congress approved on December 18, 1942, which also set as the expiration date of the authority December 31, 1946. Low-grade carbon steel formed the base of these coins, to which a zinc coating 0.0005-inch (0.013 mm) thick was deposited on each side electrolytically as a rust preventive. This coating was applied to the steel before the blanks were made, leaving the rims of these coins extremely susceptible to rust. The same size was maintained, but the weight was reduced from the standard 48 grains (3.1 g) to 42 grains (2.7 g), by using a lighter alloy. Production commenced on February 27, 1943, and by December 31 of that year, the three Mint facilities had produced 1,093,838,670 of the one-cent coins. The copper released for the war effort was enough to meet the combined needs of two cruisers, two destroyers, 1,243 Flying Fortresses, 120 field guns and 120 howitzers, or enough for 1,250,000 shells for large field guns.[34][35]

text: Wartime brass, 1944–1946. Numerous complaints about the gray color of the 1943 cents, especially that they could be mistaken for dimes, led to a change in composition of the wartime cent. On January 1, 1944, the Mint was able to adopt a modified alloy, the supply being derived from expended shell casings which, when melted, furnished a composition similar to the original, but with a much smaller trace of tin.[citation needed] The original weight of 48 grains (3.1 g) was also restored.

text: Bronze, 1947–1962. Shell casings were no longer used after 1946 and the original copper-tin-zinc "bronze" composition was again used.

text: Brass, 1962–1982. The composition of the coin was changed again slightly in 1962. Mint officials felt that deletion of the tin content would have no adverse effect on the wearing qualities of the coin, whereas the manufacturing advantages to be gained with the alloy stabilized at 95% copper and 5% zinc would be of much benefit. Congressional authority for this modification is contained in an Act of Congress approved on September 5, 1962.

text: Experimental aluminum cents, 1974. During the early 1970s, the price of copper rose to a point where the cent almost contained one cent's worth of copper. This led the Mint to test alternate metals, including aluminum and bronze-clad steel. Aluminum was chosen, and in 1973, a total of 1,579,324 such coins were struck (dated 1974) and ready for public release. A few were distributed to members of the U.S. Congress, but aluminum was ultimately rejected for a variety of reasons. About a dozen aluminum cents are believed to still be in the hands of collectors, although they are now considered illegal to own.[36] One aluminum cent was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. Another is in the hands of the family of a deceased U.S. Capitol police officer, known as the Toven Specimen, and was certified as authentic in 2005.[37]

text: Copper-plated zinc, 1982–present. In mid-1982, the coin's composition was changed again, this time to copper-plated zinc. The last mostly-copper cents (95% copper metal composition) were produced by the Denver Mint on October 22, 1982. The copper-plated zinc cent coins are still being produced today. They are composed of an inner core alloy of 99.2% zinc and 0.8% copper with an outer plating of pure copper, for an overall composition of 97.5% zinc and 2.5% copper, and are minted on blanks produced for the Mint by an outside manufacturer (Jarden Zinc Products). Except for the new lighter total coin weight of 2.5 grams each, these newer coins are identical in diameter and thickness, and nearly in appearance, to the mostly copper (95%) cents issued before mid-1982, which weighed 3.11 grams each. A few pennies were struck by error in brass dated 1983 and are extremely rare.[38]

text: Matte Proof Lincolns 1909 to 1916[edit]

text: When the Lincoln Cent was introduced in 1909, it was discovered that the coining dies and their curved fields were unable to be polished to proof coining condition by existing Mint equipment. To produce Proof coinage for collectors, the U.S. Mint adopted the French technique of the Matte Proof, which was thought to highlight the design, while leaving the details of the coin as the designer intended. This was done by a sandblasting of the dies prior to use. When struck by the high pressure hydraulic press of the Philadelphia Mint Medal Room, the result was a semi-rough surface, a gentle luster and strongly defined wide square rims. These coins were produced in very small numbers, and the dies quickly developed small marks, known as diagnostics. These marks are used today by Third Party Graders and Collectors to authenticate the coin. Sold for mere pennies over face during the years of production, they were not popular with collectors. When new, the coins were wrapped in a tarnish-proof tissue, which over time proved to be anything but. Since many of these coins sat for decades unsold, vivid colors and toning developed. It is not unusual to see vivid blues, greens, lavender, coppery orange, deep reds and purple hues on these coins. Eagerly collected by numismatists today, they are among the most valuable Lincoln cents. Unencapsulated coins are easily identified by wide, square outer rims, quite unlike the rounded edges of business strikes.

text: Mint errors specific to Lincoln cents[edit]

text: Through mint errors, a number of rare and valuable Lincoln Cents have been produced. Some random errors, such as an off-center strike, slightly increase the value of the coin, and are sought after by niche collectors. However some errors were systemic, and produced a number of coins with exactly the same problem in the same year. These have become recognized varieties that are often extremely valuable and sought after by mainstream collectors.

text: The first Doubled Die error occurred during the production of the 1909 VDB. Not identified until the 1970s, it shows the RTY in Liberty and the 190 of the date slightly doubled. This coin is extremely rare in high grades.

text: In 1922, no one-cent coins were produced by the Philadelphia Mint. However, three of the four pairs of Denver Mint worn and overly polished dies then produced the Weak D and No D varieties, making them appear as if they had been produced in Philadelphia. These varieties are known as the 1922 plain cents or 1922 no "D" cents. Collectors must be wary of removed mint marks.

text: There are a few 1943 cents that were produced in bronze, as opposed to the steel/zinc composition used that year. There are 10 to 12 known to exist.[39] Likewise, a few 1944 cents were produced in steel/zinc.

text: In 1955, a hubbing error caused some cents to get struck with an obverse die which showed doubling in all of the obverse devices, producing a prominent doubling of the date, and to a less noticeable degree, the rest of the obverse. This is known as the 1955 doubled die cent. A similar die error occurred in 1969 on dies used at the San Francisco Mint. While the 1955 doubled die cent is well-known and widely collected, the 1969-S doubled die is far rarer, with an uncirculated specimen selling for as much as $126,500 in a 2008 Heritage auction.[40] The same mechanism produced 1972, 1983, 1984, and 1995 Doubled die cents. Doubled Dies are known for practically every date in the Lincoln cent series, but most are minor, and less impressive compared to the 1955 and the other Doubled Die varieties mentioned here.

text: In 1990, 3,055 proof cents were struck at the San Francisco Mint without the "S" mint mark, making them appear as if they had been struck at the Philadelphia Mint. However, as no proof cents were struck in Philadelphia that year, they are easily distinguishable as errors, and highly valuable.

text: The reverse of some Lincoln cents minted in 1992 at the Philadelphia and Denver mints and some of those minted in 1998 and 1999 at the San Francisco mint feature a smaller-than-normal gap between the first two letters of AMERICA. These coins, known as the Close AM variety are valued at $20,000 and $5,000 for the 1992 specimens in gem uncirculated condition and $3,000 and $1,000 for the San Francisco specimens in gem proof condition.

text: The reverse of some Lincoln cents minted in 1998, 1999, and 2000 in Philadelphia feature a larger-than-normal gap between the first two letters of AMERICA. These coins, known as the Wide AM variety are valued at $10, $500, and $5, respectively, in gem uncirculated condition. These reverse die errors are technically "mule" errors, as the reverse error dies were the same as normal proof coins of the same date.

text: Toxicity[edit]

text: Zinc, a major component of mid-1982-and-later U.S. cents, is toxic in large quantities. Swallowing such a coin, which is 97.5% zinc, can cause damage to the stomach lining because of the high solubility of the zinc ion in the acidic stomach.[41] Coins are the most commonly ingested foreign body in children but generally are allowed to pass spontaneously unless the patient is symptomatic.[42] Zinc toxicity, mostly in the form of the ingestion of U.S. pennies minted after 1982, is commonly fatal in dogs where it causes a severe hemolytic anemia.[43] It is also highly toxic in pet parrots and can often be fatal.[44]

text: Numismatics and regulations[edit]

text: It has been suggested that the cent should be eliminated as a unit of currency for several reasons including that many Americans do not actually spend them, but rather only receive them in change at stores and proceed to return them to a bank for higher denomination currencies, or cash them in at coin counting kiosks. Most modern vending machines do not accept pennies, further diminishing their utility, and the production cost (figured in U.S. Dollars) now exceeds the face value of the coin, caused by increasing inflation.[45] In 2001 and 2006, for example, United States Representative Jim Kolbe (R) of Arizona introduced bills which would have stopped production of pennies (in 2001, the Legal Tender Modernization Act, and in 2006, the Currency Overhaul for an Industrious Nation [COIN] Act).[46]

text: In anticipation of the business of melting down U.S. pennies and U.S. nickels for profit, the U.S. Mint, which is a part of the US Department of the Treasury, implemented new regulations[47] on December 14, 2006, which criminalize the melting of pennies and nickels and place limits on export of the coins. Violators can be punished with a fine of up to $10,000 USD and/or imprisoned for a maximum of five years.[48]

text: Metal content and manufacturing costs[edit]

text: The U.S. Mint reported that in fiscal year 2010 the unit cost of producing and shipping one-cent coins was 1.79 cents, which is more than the face value of the coin.[49] After reaching a peak cost of 2.41 cents in 2011 due to the significant rise in global metal demand and prices, recently the cost has declined to 1.83 cents for 2013.[6] In the 2014 fiscal year, the cost to produce a penny declined even further to 1.70 cents.[50]

text: When copper reached a record high in February 2011,[51] the melt value of a 95% copper penny was more than three times its face value. As of January 21, 2014, a pre-1982 penny contained 2.20325 cents' worth of copper and zinc, making it an attractive target for melting by people wanting to sell the metals for profit. In comparison, post-1982 copper-plated zinc cents have a metallurgical value of only 0.55152 cents.[52]

text: The Secretary of the Treasury has authority to alter the percentage of copper and zinc in the one-cent coin if needed due to cost fluctuations.[49]


document_title: Medical gas supply

question_text: which gas is used in oxygen cylinder in hospital

text: Medical gas supply

text: Oxygen[edit]

text: Oxygen may be used for patients requiring supplemental oxygen via mask. Usually accomplished by a large storage system of liquid oxygen at the hospital which is evaporated into a concentrated oxygen supply, pressures are usually around 345-380 kPa (50-55 psi),[1][2] or in the UK and Europe, 4-5 bar (approximately 58-72 psi).[3] This arrangement is described as a vacuum insulated evaporator (VIE) or bulk tank.[4] In small medical centers with a low patient capacity, oxygen is usually supplied by a manifold of multiple high-pressure cylinders. In areas where a bulk system or high-pressure cylinder manifold is not suitable, oxygen may be supplied by an oxygen concentrator. However, on site production of oxygen is still a relatively new technology.

text: Medical air[edit]

text: Medical air is compressed air supplied by a special air compressor, through a dryer (in order to maintain correct dewpoint levels), and distributed to patient care areas. In smaller facilities, medical air may also be supplied via high-pressure cylinders. Pressures are maintained around 345-380 kPa (50-55 psi).

text: Nitrous oxide[edit]

text: Nitrous oxide is supplied to various surgical suites for its anaesthetic functions during pre-operative procedures. It is delivered to the hospital in high-pressure cylinders and supplied through the Medical Gas system. Some bulk systems exist, but are no longer installed due to environmental concerns and overall reduced consumption of Nitrous oxide. System pressures are around 345 kPa (50 psi), 4 bar UK.

text: Nitrogen[edit]

text: Nitrogen is typically used to power pneumatic surgical equipment during various procedures, and is supplied by high-pressure cylinders. Pressures range around 1.2 MPa (175 psi) to various locations.

text: Instrument air/Surgical air[edit]

text: Like Nitrogen, Instrument air is used to power surgical equipment. However, it is generated on site by an air compressor (similar to a Medical air compressor) rather than high-pressure cylinders. Early air compressors could not offer the purity required to drive surgical equipment. However, this has changed and instrument air is becoming a popular alternative to Nitrogen. As with Nitrogen, pressures range around 1.2 MPa (175 psi). UK systems are supplied at 11 bar to the local area and regulated down to 7-8 bar at point of use.

text: Carbon dioxide[edit]

text: Typically used for insufflation during surgery, and also used in laser surgeries. System pressures are maintained at about 345 kPa (50 psi), UK 4 bar. It is also used for certain respiratory disorders.It contains 5 percent.

text: Medical vacuum[edit]

text: Medical vacuum in a hospital supports suction equipment and evacuation procedures, supplied by vacuum pump systems exhausting to the atmosphere. Vacuum will fluctuate across the pipeline, but is generally maintained around -75 kPa (-22 inHg), (450mmHg UK).

text: WAGD/AGSS[edit]

text: Waste Anaesthetic Gas Disposal (WAGD), or Anaesthetic Gas Scavenging System (AGSS), is used in hospital anaesthesia evacuation procedures. Although it is similar to a medical vacuum system, some building codes require anaesthetic gases to be scavenged separately. Scavenging systems do not need to be as powerful as medical vacuum systems, and can be maintained around -50 to -65 kPa (-15 to -19 inHg).

text: Medical gas mixtures[edit]

text: There are many gas mixtures used for clinical and medical applications.  They are often used for patient diagnostics such as lung function testing or blood gas analysis.  Test gases are also used to calibrate and maintain medical devices used for the delivery of anaesthetic gases. In laboratories, culture growth applications include controlled aerobic or anaerobic incubator atmospheres for biological cell culture or tissue growth.  Controlled aerobic conditions are created using mixtures rich in oxygen and anaerobic conditions are created using mixtures rich in hydrogen or carbon dioxide. Supply pressure is 4 bar.

text: Two common medical gas mixtures are Entonox and Heliox.


document_title: Academy Award for Best Animated Short Film

question_text: who won the oscar for best animated short film

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1931-32
(5th)

Flowers and Trees
Walt Disney

It's Got Me Again!
Leon Schlesinger

Mickey's Orphans
Walt Disney

1932-33
(6th)

Three Little Pigs
Walt Disney

Building a Building
Walt Disney

The Merry Old Soul
Walter Lantz

1934
(7th)

The Tortoise and the Hare
Walt Disney

Holiday Land
Charles Mintz

Jolly Little Elves
Walter Lantz

1935
(8th)

Three Orphan Kittens
Walt Disney

The Calico Dragon
Harman-Ising

Who Killed Cock Robin?
Walt Disney

1936
(9th)

The Country Cousin
Walt Disney

The Old Mill Pond
Harman-Ising

Sindbad the Sailor
Paramount

1937
(10th)

The Old Mill
Walt Disney

Educated Fish
Paramount

The Little Match Girl
Charles Mintz

1938
(11th)

Ferdinand the Bull
Walt Disney

Brave Little Tailor
Walt Disney

Good Scouts
Walt Disney

Hunky and Spunky
Paramount

Mother Goose Goes Hollywood
Walt Disney

1939
(12th)

The Ugly Duckling
Walt Disney

Detouring America
Warner Bros.

Peace on Earth
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

The Pointer
Walt Disney

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1940
(13th)

The Milky Way
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Puss Gets the Boot
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

A Wild Hare
Leon Schlesinger

1941
(14th)

Lend a Paw
Walt Disney

Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy of Company B
Walter Lantz

Hiawatha's Rabbit Hunt
Leon Schlesinger

How War Came
Columbia

The Night Before Christmas
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Rhapsody in Rivets
Leon Schlesinger

Rhythm in the Ranks
George Pal

The Rookie Bear
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Superman
Max Fleischer

Truant Officer Donald
Walt Disney

1942
(15th)

Der Fuehrer's Face
Walt Disney

All Out for 'V'
20th Century-Fox

Blitz Wolf
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

Juke Box Jamboree
Walter Lantz

Pigs in a Polka
Leon Schlesinger

Tulips Shall Grow
George Pal

1943
(16th)

Yankee Doodle Mouse
Fred Quimby

The Dizzy Acrobat
Walter Lantz

The 500 Hats of Bartholomew Cubbins
George Pal

Greetings Bait!
Leon Schlesinger

Imagination
Dave Fleischer

Reason and Emotion
Walt Disney

1944
(17th)

Mouse Trouble
Fred Quimby

And to Think That I Saw It on Mulberry Street
George Pal

Dog, Cat and Canary
Screen Gems

Fish Fry
Walter Lantz

How to Play Football
Walt Disney

My Boy, Johnny
Paul Terry

Swooner Crooner
Warner Bros.

1945
(18th)

Quiet Please!
Fred Quimby

Donald's Crime
Walt Disney

Jasper and the Beanstalk
George Pal

Life with Feathers
Edward Selzer

Mighty Mouse in Gypsy Life
Paul Terry

The Poet and Peasant
Walter Lantz

Rippling Romance
Screen Gems

1946
(19th)

The Cat Concerto
Fred Quimby

John Henry and the Inky-Poo
George Pal

Musical Moments from Chopin
Walter Lantz

Squatter's Rights
Walt Disney

Walky Talky Hawky
Edward Selzer

1947
(20th)

Tweetie Pie
Edward Selzer

Chip an' Dale
Walt Disney

Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Mouse
Fred Quimby

Pluto's Blue Note
Walt Disney

Tubby the Tuba
George Pal

1948
(21st)

The Little Orphan
Fred Quimby

Mickey and the Seal
Walt Disney

Mouse Wreckers
Edward Selzer

Robin Hoodlum
United Productions of America

Tea for Two Hundred
Walt Disney

1949
(22nd)
[note 1][3]

For Scent-imental Reasons
Edward Selzer

Hatch Up Your Troubles
Fred Quimby

The Magic Fluke
Stephen Bosustow

Toy Tinkers
Walt Disney

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1950
(23rd)

Gerald McBoing-Boing
Stephen Bosustow

Jerry's Cousin
Fred Quimby

Trouble Indemnity
Stephen Bosustow

1951
(24th)

The Two Mouseketeers
Fred Quimby

Lambert the Sheepish Lion
Walt Disney

Rooty Toot Toot
Stephen Bosustow

1952
(25th)

Johann Mouse
Fred Quimby

Little Johnny Jet
Fred Quimby

Madeline
Stephen Bosustow

Pink and Blue Blues
Stephen Bosustow

Romance of Transportation
Tom Daly

1953
(26th)

Toot, Whistle, Plunk and Boom
Walt Disney

Christopher Crumpet
Stephen Bosustow

From A to Z-Z-Z-Z
Edward Selzer

Rugged Bear
Walt Disney

The Tell-Tale Heart
Stephen Bosustow

1954
(27th)

When Magoo Flew
Stephen Bosustow

Crazy Mixed Up Pup
Walter Lantz

Pigs Is Pigs
Walt Disney

Sandy Claws
Edward Selzer

Touché, Pussy Cat
Fred Quimby

1955
(28th)

Speedy Gonzales
Edward Selzer

Good Will to Men
Fred Quimby, William Hanna and Joseph Barbera

The Legend of Rockabye Point
Walter Lantz

No Hunting
Walt Disney

1956
(29th)

Magoo's Puddle Jumper
Stephen Bosustow

Gerald McBoing-Boing on Planet Moo
Stephen Bosustow

The Jaywalker
Stephen Bosustow

1957
(30th)

Birds Anonymous
Edward Selzer

One Droopy Knight
William Hanna and Joseph Barbera

Tabasco Road
Edward Selzer

Trees and Jamaica Daddy
Stephen Bosustow

The Truth About Mother Goose
Walt Disney

1958
(31st)

Knighty Knight Bugs
John W. Burton

Paul Bunyan
Walt Disney

Sidney's Family Tree
William M. Weiss

1959
(32nd)

Moonbird
John Hubley

Mexicali Shmoes
John W. Burton

Noah's Ark
Walt Disney

The Violinist
Ernest Pintoff

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1960
(33rd)

Munro
William L. Snyder

Goliath II
Walt Disney

High Note
Warner Bros.

Mouse and Garden
Warner Bros.

A Place in the Sun
Frantisek Vystrecil

1961
(34th)

Ersatz (The Substitute)
Zagreb Film

Aquamania
Walt Disney

Beep Prepared
Chuck Jones

Nelly's Folly
Chuck Jones

The Pied Piper of Guadalupe
Friz Freleng

1962
(35th)

The Hole
John Hubley and Faith Hubley

Icarus Montgolfier Wright
Jules Engel

Now Hear This
Warner Bros.

Self Defense--For Cowards
William L. Snyder

A Symposium on Popular Songs
Walt Disney

1963
(36th)

The Critic
Ernest Pintoff

Automania 2000
John Halas

The Game (Igra)
Dusan Vukotic

My Financial Career
Colin Low and Tom Daly

Pianissimo
Carmen D'Avino

1964
(37th)

The Pink Phink
David H. DePatie and Friz Freleng

Christmas Cracker
National Film Board of Canada

How to Avoid Friendship
William L. Snyder

Nudnik No. 2
William L. Snyder

1965
(38th)

The Dot and the Line
Chuck Jones and Les Goldman

Clay or The Origin of Species
Eliot Noyes Jr.

The Thieving Magpie (La Gazza Ladra)
Emanuele Luzzati

1966
(39th)

Herb Alpert and the Tijuana Brass Double Feature
John Hubley and Faith Hubley

The Drag
Wolf Koenig and Robert Verrall

The Pink Blueprint
David H. DePatie and Friz Freleng

1967
(40th)

The Box
Fred Wolf

Hypothese Beta
Jean-Charles Meunier

What on Earth!
Robert Verrall and Wolf Koenig

1968
(41st)

Winnie the Pooh and the Blustery Day
Walt Disney (posthumously)

The House That Jack Built
Wolf Koenig and Jim MacKay

The Magic Pear Tree
Jimmy Murakami

Windy Day
John Hubley and Faith Hubley

1969
(42nd)

It's Tough to Be a Bird
Ward Kimball

Of Men and Demons
John Hubley and Faith Hubley

Walking
Ryan Larkin

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1970
(43rd)

Is It Always Right to Be Right?
Lee Mishkin

The Further Adventures of Uncle Sam
Robert Mitchell and Dale Case

The Shepherd
Cameron Guess

1971
(44th)

The Crunch Bird
Ted Petok

Evolution
Michael Mills

The Selfish Giant
Peter Sander and Gerald Potterton

1972
(45th)

A Christmas Carol
Richard Williams

Kama Sutra Rides Again
Bob Godfrey

Tup Tup
Nedeljko Dragic

1973
(46th)

Frank Film
Frank Mouris

The Legend of John Henry
Nick Bosustow and David Adams

Pulcinella
Emanuele Luzzati and Guilo Gianini

1974
(47th)

Closed Mondays
Bob Gardiner and Will Vinton

The Family That Dwelt Apart
Yvon Mallette and Robert Verrall

Hunger
Peter Foldes and René Jodoin

Voyage to Next
John Hubley and Faith Hubley

Winnie the Pooh and Tigger Too
Wolfgang Reitherman

1975
(48th)

Great
Bob Godfrey

Kick Me
Robert Swarthe

Monsieur Pointu
René Jodoin, Bernard Longpré and André Leduc

Sisyphus
Marcell Jankovics

1976
(49th)

Leisure
Suzanne Baker

Dedalo
Manfredo Manfredi

The Street
Caroline Leaf and Guy Glover

1977
(50th)

The Sand Castle
Co Hoedeman

The Bead Game
Ishu Patel

The Doonesbury Special
John Hubley (posthumously), Faith Hubley and Garry Trudeau

Jimmy the C
James Picker, Robert Grossman and Craig Whitaker

1978
(51st)

Special Delivery
Eunice Macaulay and John Weldon

Oh My Darling
Nico Crama

Rip Van Winkle
Will Vinton

1979
(52nd)

Every Child
Derek Lamb

Dream Doll
Bob Godfrey and Zlatko Grgic

It's So Nice to Have a Wolf Around the House
Paul Fierlinger

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1980
(53rd)

The Fly
Ferenc Rofusz

All Nothing
Frédéric Back

History of the World in Three Minutes Flat
Michael Mills

1981
(54th)

Crac
Frédéric Back

The Creation
Will Vinton

The Tender Tale of Cinderella Penguin
Janet Perlman

1982
(55th)

Tango
Zbigniew Rybczyński

The Great Cognito
Will Vinton

The Snowman
Dianne Jackson

1983
(56th)

Sundae in New York
Jimmy Picker

Mickey's Christmas Carol
Burny Mattinson

Sound of Sunshine — Sound of Rain
Eda Godel Hallinan

1984
(57th)

Charade
Jon Minnis

Doctor DeSoto
Morton Schindel and Michael Sporn

Paradise
Ishu Patel

1985
(58th)

Anna & Bella
Cilia van Dijk

The Big Snit
Richard Condie and Michael Scott

Second Class Mail
Alison Snowden

1986
(59th)

A Greek Tragedy
Linda Van Tulden and Willem Thijsen

The Frog, the Dog and the Devil
Bob Stenhouse

Luxo, Jr.
John Lasseter and William Reeves

1987
(60th)

The Man Who Planted Trees
Frédéric Back

George and Rosemary
Eunice Macaulay

Your Face
Bill Plympton

1988
(61st)

Tin Toy
John Lasseter and William Reeves

The Cat Came Back
Cordell Barker

Technological Threat
Brian Jennings and Bill Kroyer

1989
(62nd)

Balance
Wolfgang and Christoph Lauenstein

The Cow
Aleksandr Petrov

The Hill Farm
Mark Baker

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

1990
(63rd)

Creature Comforts
Nick Park

A Grand Day Out
Nick Park

Grasshoppers (Cavallette)
Bruno Bozzetto

1991
(64th)

Manipulation
Daniel Greaves

Blackfly
Christopher Hinton

Strings
Wendy Tilby

1992
(65th)

Mona Lisa Descending a Staircase
Joan C. Gratz

Adam
Peter Lord

Reci, Reci, Reci... (Words, Words, Words)
Michaela Pavlátová

The Sandman
Paul Berry

Screen Play
Barry Purves

1993
(66th)

The Wrong Trousers
Nick Park

Blindscape
Stephen Palmer

The Mighty River
Frédéric Back and Hubert Tison

Small Talk
Bob Godfrey and Kevin Baldwin

The Village
Mark Baker

1994
(67th)

Bob's Birthday
Alison Snowden and David Fine

The Big Story
Tim Watts and David Stoten

The Janitor
Vanessa Schwartz

The Monk and the Fish
Michael Dudok de Wit

Triangle
Erica Russell

1995
(68th)

A Close Shave
Nick Park

The Chicken from Outer Space
John Dilworth

The End
Chris Landreth and Robin Barger

Gagarin
Alexiy Kharitidi

Runaway Brain
Chris Bailey

1996
(69th)

Quest
Tyron Montgomery and Thomas Stellmach

Canhead
Timothy Hittle

La Salla
Richard Condie

Wat's Pig
Peter Lord

1997
(70th)

Geri's Game
Jan Pinkava

Famous Fred
Joanna Quinn

The Mermaid
Aleksandr Petrov

Redux Riding Hood
Steve Moore

La Vieille Dame et les Pigeons (The Old Lady and the Pigeons)
Sylvain Chomet

1998
(71st)

Bunny
Chris Wedge

The Canterbury Tales
Christopher Grace and Jonathan Myerson

Jolly Roger
Mark Baker

More
Mark Osborne and Steven Kalafer

When Life Departs
Karsten Kiilerich and Stefan Fjeldmark

1999
(72nd)

The Old Man and the Sea
Aleksandr Petrov

Humdrum
Peter Peake

My Grandmother Ironed the King's Shirts
Torill Kove

3 Misses
Paul Driessen

When the Day Breaks
Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

2000
(73rd)

Father and Daughter
Michaël Dudok de Wit

The Periwig-Maker
Steffen Schäffler and Annette Schäffler

Rejected
Don Hertzfeldt

2001
(74th)

For the Birds
Ralph Eggleston

Fifty Percent Grey
Ruairí Robinson and Seamus Byrne

Give Up Yer Aul Sins
Cathal Gaffney and Darragh O'Connell

Strange Invaders
Cordell Barker

Stubble Trouble
Joseph E. Merideth

2002
(75th)

The ChubbChubbs!
Eric Armstrong

The Cathedral
Tomek Baginski

Das Rad
Chris Stenner and Heidi Wittlinger

Mike's New Car
Pete Docter and Roger Gould

Mt. Head
Kōji Yamamura

2003
(76th)

Harvie Krumpet
Adam Elliot

Boundin'
Bud Luckey

Destino
Dominique Monféry and Roy Edward Disney

Gone Nutty
Carlos Saldanha and John C. Donkin

Nibbles
Chris Hinton

2004
(77th)

Ryan
Chris Landreth

Birthday Boy
Sejong Park and Andrew Gregory

Gopher Broke
Jeff Fowler and Tim Miller

Guard Dog
Bill Plympton

Lorenzo
Mike Gabriel and Baker Bloodworth

2005
(78th)

The Moon and the Son: An Imagined Conversation
John Canemaker and Peggy Stern

Badgered
Sharon Colman

The Mysterious Geographic Explorations of Jasper Morello
Anthony Lucas

9
Shane Acker

One Man Band
Andrew Jimenez and Mark Andrews

2006
(79th)

The Danish Poet
Torill Kove

Lifted
Gary Rydstrom

The Little Matchgirl
Roger Allers and Don Hahn

Maestro
Géza M. Tóth

No Time for Nuts
Chris Renaud and Michael Thurmeier

2007
(80th)

Peter & the Wolf
Suzie Templeton and Hugh Welchman

I Met the Walrus
Josh Raskin

Madame Tutli-Putli
Chris Lavis and Maciek Szczerbowski

Même les Pigeons Vont au Paradis (Even Pigeons Go to Heaven)
Samuel Tourneux and Simon Vanesse

My Love (Moya Lyubov)
Aleksandr Petrov

2008
(81st)

La Maison en Petits Cubes
Kunio Katō

Lavatory – Lovestory
Konstantin Bronzit

Oktapodi
Emud Mokhberi and Thierry Marchand

Presto
Doug Sweetland

This Way Up
Alan Smith and Adam Foulkes

2009
(82nd)

Logorama
Nicolas Schmerkin

French Roast
Fabrice Joubert

Granny O'Grimm's Sleeping Beauty
Nicky Phelan and Darragh O'Connell

The Lady and the Reaper (La Dama y la Muerte)
Javier Recio Gracia

A Matter of Loaf and Death
Nick Park

text:
Year
Film
Nominees

2010
(83rd)

The Lost Thing
Shaun Tan and Andrew Ruhemann

Day & Night
Teddy Newton

The Gruffalo
Jakob Schuh and Max Lang

Let's Pollute
Geefwee Boedoe

Madagascar, carnet de voyage (Madagascar, a Journey Diary)
Bastien Dubois

2011
(84th)

The Fantastic Flying Books of Mr. Morris Lessmore
William Joyce and Brandon Oldenburg

Dimanche/Sunday
Patrick Doyon

La Luna
Enrico Casarosa

A Morning Stroll
Grant Orchard and Sue Goffe

Wild Life
Wendy Tilby and Amanda Forbis

2012
(85th)

Paperman
John Kahrs

Adam and Dog
Minkyu Lee

Fresh Guacamole
PES

Head Over Heels
Timothy Reckart and Fodhla Cronin O'Reilly

Maggie Simpson in "The Longest Daycare"
David Silverman

2013
(86th)

Mr Hublot
Laurent Witz and Alexandre Espigares

Feral
Daniel Sousa and Dan Golden

Get a Horse!
Lauren MacMullan and Dorothy McKim

Possessions
Shuhei Morita

Room on the Broom
Max Lang and Jan Lachauer

2014
(87th)

Feast
Patrick Osborne and Kristina Reed

The Bigger Picture
Daisy Jacobs and Christopher Hees

The Dam Keeper
Robert Kondo and Dice Tsutsumi

Me and My Moulton
Torill Kove

A Single Life
Joris Oprins

2015
(88th)

Bear Story
Gabriel Osorio Vargas and Pato Escala Pierart

Prologue
Richard Williams and Imogen Sutton

Sanjay's Super Team
Sanjay Patel and Nicole Paradis Grindle

We Can't Live Without Cosmos
Konstantin Bronzit

World of Tomorrow
Don Hertzfeldt

2016
(89th)
[4]

Piper
Alan Barillaro and Marc Sondheimer

Blind Vaysha
Theodore Ushev

Borrowed Time
Andrew Coats and Lou Hamou-Lhadj

Pear Cider and Cigarettes
Robert Valley and Cara Speller

Pearl
Patrick Osborne

2017
(90th)
[5]

Dear Basketball
Glen Keane and Kobe Bryant

Garden Party
Victor Caire and Gabriel Grapperon

Lou
Dave Mullins and Dana Murray

Negative Space
Max Porter and Ru Kuwahata

Revolting Rhymes
Jakob Schuh and Jan Lachauer

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ In 1949, Edward Selzer was originally announced as a nominee for Canary Row. However, he withdrew the film from nomination and it did not appear on the final ballot.

tag: ol

text: Superlatives[edit]

text: For this Academy Award category, the following superlatives emerge:[6]

text:
Most awards: Walt Disney – 15 awards (resulting from 49 nominations)
Most nominations: Walt Disney – 49 nominations (resulting in 15 awards)

text: Multiple nominations and awards[edit]

text: The following is a list of animation studios or animators that earned multiple nominations and awards in this category.

text:
Studio
Nominations
Awards

Disney
49
18

MGM
20
9

National Film Board of Canada
35
6

WB
26
5

Pixar
14
4

United Productions of America
14
3

Aardman
8
3

John Hubley and Faith Hubley
6
3

Channel 4
6
2

Canadian Broadcasting Corporation/Société Radio-Canada
4
2

BBC
3
2

Rembrandt
5
1

Will Vinton
4
1

Zagreb Film
4
1

Bob Godfrey
4
1

Brandon
3
1

Passion Pictures Animation
3
1

Blue Sky
3
1

DePatie-Freleng
2
1

Fred Wolf
2
1

Stephen Bosustow
2
1

Motionpicker
2
1

Michael Mills
2
1

Walter Lantz
10
0

Screen Gems
6
0

National Film & Television School
6
0

Fleischer
4
0

Terrytoons
4
0

Pathe Contemporary
3
0

Magic Light
3
0

Harman-Ising
2
0

Dago
2
0

Pyramid
2
0

TVC London
2
0

S4C
2
0

Brown Bag
2
0

Melnitsa
2
0

Halas & Batchelor
2
0

Don Hertzfeldt
2
0

text: Submissions[edit]

text: Animation historian Jerry Beck recently posted on Cartoon Research lists of animated shorts from various studios considered for nomination beginning with 1948.[7]

text: Missing are 1949, 1950 and 1976. [8]

text:
Hep Cat Symphony (Famous Studios)[7]
Wags to Riches (MGM)[7]
One Cab's Family (MGM)[9]
Gift Wrapped (Warner Bros)[9]
Ballot Box Bunny (Warner Bros)[9]
Magic Canvas (Halas & Batchelor)[9]
Duck Amuck (Warner Bros)[10]
A Mouse Divided (Warner Bros)[10]
The Little House (Disney)[10]
Trick or Treat (Disney)[10]
Boo Moon (Famous Studios)[11]
Grand Canyonscope (Disney)[12]
Fright to the Finish (Famous Studios)[12]
Pizzicato Pussycat (Warner Bros)[12]
Bewitched Bunny (Warner Bros)[12]
A Cowboy Needs a Horse (Disney)[13]
Down Beat Bear (MGM)[13]
Pedro and Lorenzo (Famous Studios)[14]
Hooked Bear (Disney)[13]
Three Little Bops (WB)[13]
Hill Billing and Cooing (Famous Studios) [14]
How to Have An Accident at Home (Disney)[13]
A Short Vision (Peter Foldes)[13]
What's Opera, Doc? (WB)[15]
The Adventures of * (John Hubley and Faith Hubley)[15]
Flebus (Terrytoons)[15]
The Little Island (Richard Williams)[16]
Robin Hoodwinked (MGM)[16]
The Mouse that Jack Built (WB)[16]
Finnegan's Flea (Famous Studios)[16]
TV Fuddlehead (Famous Studios)[17]

text:
Cow on the Moon (Zagreb Film)[18]
The Interview (Ernest Pintoff)[19]
Piccolo (Zagreb)[18]
Abner the Baseball (Famous)[20]
The Tom and Jerry Cartoon Kit (MGM)[20]
Banty Raids (WB)[21]
The Old Man and the Flower (Ernest Pintoff)[21]
The Hangman (Paul Julian and Les Goldman)[22]
The Hat (Hubley)[23]
Alf, Bill and Fred (Bob Godfrey)[24]
The Hoffnung Symphony Orchestra (Halas & Batchelor)[25]
The Nose (Alexandre Alexieff & Claire Parker)[24]
The Top (Murakami-Wolf)[26]
Enter Hamlet (Fred Mogubgub)[25]
Winnie the Pooh and the Honey Tree (Disney)[24]
The Hand (Jiri Trnka)[27]
The Wall (Zagreb)[27]
Boniface's Holiday (Fyodor Khitruk)[27]
Calypso Singer (Paul Glickman)[28]
The Bear That Wasn't (MGM)[28]
Breath (Murakami-Wolf)[28]
Escalation (Ward Kimball)[28]
Norman Normal (WB)[28]
Scrooge McDuck and Money (Disney)[28]
My Daddy the Astronaut (Paramount)[28]
American Time Capsule (Charles Braverman)[29]
K-9000: A Space Oddity (Robert Mitchell & Robert Swarthe)[29]
The Fly (Zagreb)[29]
Bunny and Claude (WB)[29]
Koncertissimo (Pannonia Film Studio)[30]
Pollution (Astrafilms)[31][29]
Permutations (John Whitney)[32]
Injun Trouble (WB)[32]
Shamrock and Roll (WB)[32]

text:
Eggs (Hubley) [33]
Matrix (John Whitney) [33]
Synchromy (NFB) [34]
Dig (Hubley) [34]
Good Grief (Mike Jittlov) [35]
The Giving Tree (Charlie O. Haywood) [35]
Foot Fetish (Randal Kleiser) [36]
Love Me, Love Me, Love Me (Richard Williams) [36]
Balablok (NFB) [36]
Cockaboody (Hubley) [36]
Sandman (Eli Noyes) [36]
The Last Cartoon Man (Jeffery Hale and Derek Lamb) [36]
The Maggot (George Dunning) [36]
Butterfly Ball (Halas and Batchelor)[37]
Diary (Zagreb Film)[37]
Opera (Bruno Bozzetto and Guido Manuli) [37]
Room and Board (Randy Cartwright) [37]
A Better Train of Thought (Pannonia)[37]
Arabesque (John Whitney) [38]
The Beast of Monsieur Racine (Weston Woods) [38]
Coney (Frank Mouris) [38]
Oni (Kihachiro Kawamoto) [38]
Perspectrum (NFB) [38]
Quasi at the Quackadero (Sally Cruikshank) [38]
Red Ball Express (Steve Segal) [38]
Sooper Goop (Chuck Swenson-Churchill Films) [38]
Who Are We? (NFB) [38]
W.O.W. (Faith Hubley) [38]
Animato (Mike Jittov) [8]
A Cosmic Christmas (Nelvana) [8]
David (Paul Driessen) [8]
Fight (Marcell Jankovics)[8]
The Fisherman and His Wife (Sam Weiss-Bosustow Productions) [8]
Mindscape (NFB) [8]
Afterlife (NFB) [39]
Love (Jiří Brdečka) [39]
Make Me Psychic (Sally Cruikshank) [39]
The Oriental Nightfish (Ian Eames) [39]
Pencil Booklings (Kathy Rose) [39]
Satiemania (Zagreb Film) [39]
The Small One (Disney) [39]
Why Me? (NFB) [39]
Furies (Sarah Petty) [39]
Fantabiblical (Guido Manulli) [40]
Impasse (Frank Mouris) [39]
Rainbow Land (Paul Fierlinger) [39]
Confessions of a Stardreamer (John Canemaker) [41]
Asparagus (Suzan Pitt)[41]
Smile for Auntie (Weston Woods) [41]
Stalk of the Celery Monster (Tim Burton) [41]
Lady and the Lamp (John Lasseter) [41]
Log Driver's Waltz (NFB) [41]
The Wizard of Speed and Time (Mike Jittlov) [41]
Animalympics-Winter Games (Steven Lisberger) [41]
Banjo the Woodpile Cat (Don Bluth) [41]
Harpya (Raoul Servais) [41]
The Little Prince (Will Vinton) [41]
The Magic Flute (Emanuele Luzzati and Guilo Gianini) [41]
Mr. Pascal (Alison de Vere) [41]

text:
Dinosaur (Vinton) [42]
Duck Dodgers and the Return of the 241/2th Century (WB) [42]
Fisheye (Zagreb Film) [43]
Getting Started (NFB) [42]
Opens Wednesday (Barrie Nelson) [42]
Sing Beast Sing (Marv Newland) [42]
The Sweater (NFB) [42]
Machine Story (Doug Miller) [44]
The Rubber Stamp Film (Joanna Priestley) [44]
Bottom's Dream (Canemaker) [44]
Morris's Disappearing Bag (Michael Sporn) [44]
Narcissus (NFB) [44]
Your Feet' s Too Big (Nancy Beiman) [44]
Jumping (Osamu Tezuka) [45]
Life Is Flashing Before My Eyes (Vince Collins) [45]
Anijam (Newland) [45]
Boomtown (Bill Plympton) [45]
High Fidelity (Robert Abel) [45]
My Little Pony (Tom Griffen and Joe Bacall) [45]
Real Inside (NFB) [45]
The Romance of Betty Boop (Bill Melendez) [45]
Snookles (Juilet Stroud) [46]
Tables of Content (Wendy Tilby) [46]
Broken Down Film (Tezuka) [46]
Every Dog's Guide to Complete Home Safety (NFB) [47]
Get A Job (NFB) [47]
I Was A Thanksgiving Turkey (John Schnall) [46]
John Lennon Sketchbook (Canemaker) [46]

text:
The Cat Piano (The People's Republic of Animation)[48]
Partly Cloudy (Pixar)[48]
Runaway (NFB)[48]

text:
The Cow Who Wanted to Be a Hamburger (Plympton)[48]
Coyote Falls (WB)[48]
I Tawt I Taw a Puddy Tat (WB)[48]
Tram (Pavlatova)[48]
Subconscious Password (NFB)[48]
Duet (Glen Keane)[49]
Carface (NFB)[50]
If I Was God (NFB)[50]
The Head Vanishes (NFB)[51]
Inner Workings (Disney)[52]
Once Upon a Line (Alicja Jasina)[53]
Cradle (Devon Murray)[54]
Fox and the Whale (Robin Joseph and Kim Leow)[54]
In a Heartbeat (Ringling College of Art and Design)[54]