document_title: Tottenham Hotspur F.C.

question_text: when was the last time tottenham hotspur won a trophy

question_tokens: when was the last time tottenham hotspur won a trophy

text: Tottenham Hotspur F.C.

text: History

text: Formation and early years (1882–1908)

text: The club was originally named Hotspur Football Club and it was formed on 5 September 1882 by a group of school boys led by Robert Buckle and two of his friends. They were members of the Hotspur Cricket Club, and the football club was formed in order to play sports during the winter months.[4] A year later the boys sought help with the club from John Ripsher, the Bible class teacher at All Hallows Church, who became the first president of the club and its treasurer. Ripsher helped and supported the boys through the club's formative years, reorganised and found premises for the club.[5][6][7] In April 1884, due to mail for another club London Hotspur being misdirected to North London, the club was renamed Tottenham Hotspur Football Club to avoid any further confusion.[8][9]

text: Initially, the boys played games between themselves and friendly matches against other local clubs. The team entered their first cup competition in the London Association Cup, and won their first competitive match on 17 October 1885.[10] The matches of the club began to attract the interest of the local community and attendances at its matches increased. In 1892, they played for the first time in a league, which was the short-lived Southern Alliance.[11]

text: The club turned professional on 20 December 1895, and in the summer of 1896 they were admitted to the Division One of the Southern League. On 2 March 1898, the club also became a limited company, the Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Company.[11] Soon after, Frank Brettell became the first ever manager of Spurs, and he signed John Cameron, who took over as player-manager when Brettell left a year later. Cameron would have a significant impact on Spurs, winning the club its first trophy, the Southern League title. The following year, on 27 April 1901, Spurs won the FA Cup after beating Sheffield United 3–1 in a replay of the 1901 Cup final, and became the only non-League club to have ever achieved such a feat since the formation of The Football League in 1888.[12]

text: Early decades in Football League (1908–1958)

text: In 1908, the club was elected into the Football League Second Division, and won immediate promotion to the First Division when they finished runners-up in their first year in the league. In 1912, Peter McWilliam became manager; however, Tottenham finished bottom of the league at the end of the 1914–15 season when football was suspended due to the First World War. Spurs were relegated to Division Two on the resumption of League football after the war, but quickly returned to Division One as Division Two champion of the 1919–20 season.[13]

text: On 23 April 1921, McWilliam guided Spurs to their second FA Cup win, beating Wolverhampton Wanderers 1–0 in the Cup Final. In 1922, Spurs finished second to Liverpool in the League in 1922, but would finish mid-table in the next five seasons. Spurs was relegated in the 1927–28 season after McWilliam left. For most of the 1930s and 40s, Spurs languished in the Second Division, apart from a brief return to the top flight in the 1933–34 and 1934–35 seasons.[14]

text: Arthur Rowe, a former player for the club, became Spurs manager in 1949. Rowe developed a style of play, known as "push and run", that would proved successful in his early years as manager. He took the team back to the First Division after finishing top of the Second Division in 1949–50 season.[15] In his second season in charge, the team won Tottenham's first ever League Championship title when they finished top of the First Division of 1950–51 season. However, he resigned in April 1955 due to illness from the stress of managing the club. Nevertheless, before he left, he signed one of Spurs' most celebrated players, Danny Blanchflower, who would win the FWA Footballer of the Year twice while at Tottenham.[16]

text: Bill Nicholson and the Glory Years (1958–1974)

text: Bill Nicholson took over as manager in October 1958. Nicholson would become the club's most successful manager, guiding the team to major trophy success three seasons in a row in the early 1960s: the double in 1961, the FA Cup in 1962 and the Cup Winners' Cup in 1963. Nicholson made three important signings – Dave Mackay and John White in 1959, two influential players of the Double-winning team, and Jimmy Greaves in 1961, the most prolific goalscorer in the history of the top tier of the English football.[17]

text: The 1960–61 season started with a run of 11 wins, at that time the best ever start by any club in the First Division. The title was won on 17 April 1961 when they beat the eventual runner-up Sheffield Wednesday at home 2–1, with three more games still to play. The Double was achieved when Spurs won 2–0 against Leicester in the final of the 1960–61 FA Cup. This is the first Double of the 20th century, and the first since Aston Villa achieved the feat in 1897.[18] The next year Spurs won their consecutive FA Cup after beating Burnley in the 1962 FA Cup Final.[19]

text: On 15 May 1963 Tottenham would also become the first British team to win a European trophy by winning the 1962–63 European Cup Winners' Cup when they beat Atlético Madrid 5–1 in the Cup Winners' Cup Final.[20] Spurs added another European trophy when they won the 1971–72 UEFA Cup with a rebuilt team that included Martin Chivers, Pat Jennings, and Steve Perryman. They also won the FA Cup in 1967,[21] and two League Cups (in 1971 and 1973). In total Nicholson won eight major trophies in his 16 years at the club as manager.[22]

text: Burkinshaw to Venables (1974–1992)

text: Spurs went into a period of decline after the successes of the early 70s, and Nicholson decided to resigned after a poor poor start to the 1974–75 season. The team was then relegated at the end of the 1976–77 season with Keith Burkinshaw as manager. Burkinshaw however quickly returned the club to the top flight, built a team that included Glenn Hoddle as well as two Argentinians Osvaldo Ardiles and Ricardo Villa (their signings were very uncommon in British football as foreign players in British football were rare at that time).[23] The team that Burkinshaw rebuilt would win the FA Cup in 1981 and 1982,[24] and the UEFA Cup in 1984.[25]

text: The 1980s was a period of change that began with a new phase of redevelopment at White Hart Lane as well as a change of directors. Irving Scholar took over the club and moved it in a more commercial direction, the beginning of the transformation of English football clubs into commercial enterprises.[26][27] Debt at the club, however, would again lead to a change in the boardroom, and Terry Venables teamed up with businessman Alan Sugar in June 1991 to take control of Tottenham Hotspur PLC.[28][29][30] Venables, who became manager in 1987, signed players such as Paul Gascoigne and Gary Lineker. In 1991, Spurs again won the 1990–91 FA Cup, making them the first club to win eight FA Cups.[31]

text: Premier League football (1992–present)

text: Spurs was one of the five clubs that pushed for the founding of Premier League, created with the approval of The Football Association as replacement for the Football League First Division as the highest division of English football.[32] Despite a succession of managers and players such as Teddy Sheringham, Jürgen Klinsmann and David Ginola, for a long period in the Premier League until the late 2000s, Spurs finished mid-table most seasons with few trophies won. They won the League Cup in 1999 under George Graham, and in 2008 under Juande Ramos. Performance improved under Harry Redknapp with players such as Gareth Bale and Luka Modrić, and the club finished in the top 5 in the early 2010s.

text: In February 2001, Sugar sold his share holding in Spurs to ENIC Sports PLC, run by Joe Lewis and Daniel Levy, and stepped down as chairman.[33] Lewis and Levy would eventually own 85% of the club, with Levy responsible for the running of the club.[34][35] The current manager is Mauricio Pochettino who was appointed in May 2014.[36]

text: Stadium

text: Early grounds

text: Spurs played their early matches on public land at the Park Lane end of Tottenham Marshes where they needed to mark out and prepare their own pitch.[37] Occasionally fights may break out on the marshes in dispute with other teams over the use of the ground.[38] The first recorded match took place on 30 September 1882 against a local team named the Radicals, which Hotspur lost 2–0.[39] The first Spurs game reported by the local press took place on Tottenham Marshes on 6 October 1883 against Brownlow Rovers, which Spurs won 9–0.[40] It was at this ground that in 1887 Spurs first played the team that would later become their arch rivals Arsenal (then known as Royal Arsenal), leading 2–1 until the match got called off due to poor light after the away team arrived late.[41]

text: As they played on public parkland, the club could not charge admission fees for spectators, and while the number of spectators grew to a few thousands, it yielded no gate receipts. In 1888, the club rented a pitch at Asplins Farm next to the railway line at Northumberland Park at a cost of £17 per annum, where spectators may be charged 3d a game, raised to 6d for cup ties.[42] The first match on the ground was on 13 October 1888, a reserve match that yielded gate receipts of 17 shillings. The first stand with just over 100 seats and changing rooms underneath was built on the ground for the 1894–95 season at a cost of £60, however, the stand was blown down a few weeks later and had to be repaired.[43] In April 1898, 14,000 fans turned up to watch Spurs play Woolwich Arsenal. In the overcrowded ground, spectators climbed up onto the roof of the refreshment stand, which then collapsed causing a few injuries. As Northumberland Park can no longer cope with the larger crowds, Spurs were forced to look for a larger ground and moved to the White Hart Lane site in 1899.[44]

text: White Hart Lane

text: The White Hart Lane ground was originally a disused nursery owned by the brewery Charringtons and located behind a public house named White Hart on Tottenham High Road (the actual White Hart Lane road lies a few hundred yards north of the main entrance). The ground was initially leased from Charringtons, and the stands they used at Northumberland Park were moved here, giving shelter for 2,5000 spectators.[45] Notts County were the first visitors to 'the Lane' in a friendly watched by 5,000 people and provided in £115 in receipts; Spurs won 4–1.[46] QPR became the first competitive visitors to the ground and 11,000 people saw them lose 1–0 to Tottenham. In 1905, Tottenham raised enough money to buy the freehold to the land as well as land at the northern (Paxton Road) end.

text: After Spurs was admitted to the Football League, the club started to rebuild the stadium, with new stands designed by Archibald Leitch being constructed over the next two and a half decades. The West Stand was added in 1909, the East stand was also covered this year and extended further two years later. The profits from the 1921 FA Cup win were used to build a covered terrace at the Paxton Road end and the Park Lane end was built at a cost of over £3,000 some two years later. This increased the ground's capacity to around 58,000 with room for 40,000 under cover. The East Stand (Worcester Avenue) stand was finished in 1934 and this increased capacity to around 80,000 spectators but cost £60,000.[45]

text: Starting in the early 1980s, the stadium underwent another major phase of redevelopment. The West Stand was replaced by an expensive new structure in 1982, and the East Stand was renovated in 1988. In 1992, following the Taylor Report's recommendation that Premier League clubs eliminate standing areas, the lower terraces of the south and east stand were converted to seating, with the north stand becoming all-seater the following season. The south stand redevelopment was completed in March 1995 and included the first giant Sony Jumbotron TV screen for live game coverage and away match screenings. In 1997–98 season the Paxton Road stand had a new upper tier as well as a second Jumbotron screen added.[45] Minor amendments to the seating configuration were made in 2006 bringing the capacity of the stadium to 36,310.

text: By the turn of the millennium, the capacity of White Hart Lane had fallen significantly behind compared to other major Premier League clubs. Talks began over the future of White Hart Lane with a number of schemes considered, such as increasing the stadium capacity by redevelopment of the current site or the use of the 2012 London Olympic Stadium in Stratford.[47][48] Eventually the club settled on the Northumberland Development Project, whereby a new stadium would be built on a larger piece of land that incorporated the White Hart Lane site. In 2016, the northeast corner of White Hart Lane was removed to facilitate the construction of the new stadium. As this reduced the stadium capacity below that required for European games, Tottenham Hotspur played every European home game in 2016–17 at Wembley Stadium.[49] Domestic fixtures of the 2016–17 season continued to be played at the Lane, but demolition of the rest of the stadium started the day after the last game of the season,[50] and White Hart Lane was completely demolished by the end of July 2017.[51]

text: Northumberland Development Project

text: In October 2008, the club announced a plan to build a new stadium immediately to the north of the existing White Hart Lane stadium, with the southern half of the new stadium's pitch overlapping the northern part of the Lane.[52] The club submitted a planning application in October 2009, but following critical reactions to the plan, it was withdrawn in favour of a substantially revised planning application for a larger stadium and other associated developments. The new plan was resubmitted and approved by the Haringey Council in September 2010,[53] and an agreement for the Northumberland Development Project was signed 20 September 2011.[54]

text: After a long delay over the compulsory purchase order of local businesses located on land to the north of the stadium and a legal challenge against the order,[55][56] resolved in early 2015,[57] planning application for another new design was approved by Haringey Council on 17 December 2015.[58] Construction of the new stadium started in 2016,[59] and the stadium is scheduled to open for the start of the 2018–19 season.[60] While the stadium is under construction, all Tottenham home games in the 2017–18 season would be played at Wembley Stadium.[61] The new stadium is as yet unnamed.[62]

text: Crest

text: Since the 1921 FA Cup final the Tottenham Hotspur crest has featured a cockerel. Harry Hotspur, after whom the club is named, was said to have been given the nickname Hotspur as he dug in his spurs to make his horse go faster as he charged in battles,[63] and he was also said to be fond of fighting cocks fitted with spurs.[38] The club used spurs as a symbol in 1900 which then evolved into a fighting cock.[63] A former player named William James Scott made a bronze cast of a cockerel standing on a football at a cost of £35, and this 9-foot 6 inches emblem figure was then placed on top of the West Stand the end of the 1909–10 season.[63] Since then the cockerel and ball emblem has become a part of the club's identity.[64]

text: Between 1956 and 2006 Spurs used a faux heraldic shield featuring a number of local landmarks and associations. The lions flanking the shield came from the Northumberland family (of which Harry Hotspur was a member). The castle is Bruce Castle, 400 yards from the ground and the trees are the Seven Sisters. The arms featured the Latin motto Audere Est Facere (to dare is to do).

text: In 1983, to overcome unauthorised "pirate" merchandising, the club's badge was altered by adding the two red heraldic lions and the motto scroll. This device appeared on most Spurs' playing kits for the next 23 years.

text: In 2006 to rebrand and modernise the club's image, the club badge and coat of arms were dumped for a professionally designed logo/emblem.[65] This revamp showed a leaner, fitter cockerel on an old-time football. The club claims that the rebranding kept much of the original meaning of the name, but emphasised its originality.[66]

text: In November 2013, Tottenham forced non-league club Fleet Spurs to change their badge because its new design was "too similar" to the Tottenham crest.[67]

text:
Crest 1956–1983

Crest 1983–2005

Crest 2006 – present

text: Kit

text: The first Tottenham kit was in navy blue shirt with a letter H on a scarlet shield with on the left breast. In 1884 the club changed to a "quartered" kit similar in style to that of Blackburn Rovers after watching them win in the 1884 FA Cup Final.[38] Shortly after moving to Northumberland Road, the kit changed again to red shirt and blue shorts. Five years later, after becoming a professional club, they switched to a chocolate and gold striped kit.

text: At the end of the 19th century the club switched colours yet again, to the white shirts and blue shorts which they are now well known for wearing, hence the nickname "Lilywhites". This colour choice is thought to be in homage to Preston North End who had recently done The Double. White and navy blue have remained as the club's basic colours ever since. Soon after the First World War, the cockerel badge was added to the shirt. In 1939 numbers first appeared on shirt backs, and in 1983 Holsten became the first commercial sponsor logo to appear on the shirt. The club were the first to wear long-cut shorts, an innovation at a time where football kits all featured shorts cut well above the knee.[68]

text: When Thomson was chosen as kit sponsor in 2002 some Tottenham fans were unhappy as the shirt-front logo was red, the colour of their closest rivals, Arsenal.[69] In 2006, Tottenham then succeeded in securing a record £34 million sponsorship deal with internet casino group Mansion.com.[70]

text: In July 2010 Spurs announced a two-year shirt sponsorship contract with software infrastructure company Autonomy. It was said to be worth £20 million.[71] A month later they unveiled a deal with leading specialist bank and asset management firm Investec as shirt sponsor for the Champions League and domestic cup competitions for the next two years. The deal was worth £5 million.[72][73]

text: In March 2011, Under Armour announced a five-year deal to supply Spurs with shirts and other apparel from the start of 2012–13, but other deal terms were undisclosed. The kit was revealed on 12 July in London[74] and two weeks later the third kit was revealed via the promotion of Electronic Arts' FIFA 13 video game.

text: Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors

text:
Period
Kit manufacturer
Kit sponsor

1957–77
Umbro
No sponsor

1977–80
Admiral

1980–83
Le Coq Sportif

1983–85
Holsten

1985–91
Hummel

1991–95
Umbro

1995–99
Pony
Hewlett-Packard

1999–2002
Adidas
Holsten

2002–06
Kappa
Thomson Holidays

2006–10
Puma
Mansion.com Casino & Poker

2010–11
Autonomy Corporation1[75]

2011–12
Aurasma12[38]

2012–13
Under Armour

2013–14
Hewlett-Packard3[76]

2014–17
AIA[77]

2017–18
Nike[78]

text: 1 Only appeared in the Premier League. Investec Bank appeared in the Champions League, FA Cup, League Cup and Europa League.[73][79]

text: 2 Aurasma is a subsidiary of the Autonomy Corporation.

text: 3 Hewlett-Packard is the parent company of the Autonomy Corporation and only appeared in the Premier League. AIA appeared in the FA Cup, League Cup and Europa League.[80]

text: Ownership

text: Tottenham Hotspur F.C. became a limited company, The Tottenham Hotspur Football and Athletic Company Ltd, on 2 March 1898 so as to raise funds for the club and limit the personal liability of its members. 8,000 shares were issued at £1 each, although only 1,558 shares were taken up in the first year.[81] Members of the Wale family, who had association with the club since the 1930s and were chairmen of Tottenham Hotspur F.C. in the 1960s and 1970s, were once the largest shareholder of the club.[82] In the early 1980s, cost overruns in the construction of a new West Stand together with the cost of rebuilding the team in previous years led to financial difficulties for the club. In November 1982, Irving Scholar bought 25% of the club for £600,000, and together with Paul Bobroff gained control of the club.[30] Scholar floated Tottenham Hotspur plc, which wholly owns the football club, on the London Stock Exchange in 1983, the first European sports club to be listed in a stock market.[26] The share issue was successful with 3.8 million shares quickly sold.[83] However, ill-judged financial decisions led to accumulating debts,[81] and in June 1991 Terry Venables teamed up with businessman Alan Sugar to buy the club, initially as equal partner with each investing £3.25 million. Sugar however would increase his stake to £8 million by December 1991 and became the dominant partner with effective control of the club. In May 1993, Venables was sacked from the board after a dispute.[84] By 2000, Sugar began to consider selling the club,[85] and in February 2001, he sold the major part of his shareholding to ENIC International Ltd.[86]

text: Between 2001 and 2011 shares in Tottenham Hotspur F.C. were listed on the Alternative Investment Market (AIM index). The majority shareholder, ENIC International Ltd, is an investment company established by the British billionaire Joe Lewis. Daniel Levy, Lewis's partner at ENIC, is Executive Chairman of the club. They had acquired 29.9% after buying 27% share of the club for £22 million from Sugar in 1991.[86] Shareholding by ENIC increased over the decade through the purchase of the remaining 12% holding of Alan Sugar in 2007 for £25m,[87][88] and the 9.9% stake belonging to Stelios Haji-Ioannou through Hodram Inc in 2009. On 21 August 2009 the club reported that they had issued a further 30 million shares to fund the initial development costs of the new stadium project, and that 27.8 million of these new shares had been purchased by ENIC.[89] The Annual Report for 2010 indicated that ENIC had acquired 76% of all Ordinary Shares and also held 97% of all convertible redeemable preference shares, equivalent to a holding of 85% of share capital.[90] Following an announcement at the 2011 AGM, in January 2012 the club confirmed that they had been transferred into the private ownership of ENIC.[91]

text: Support

text: Tottenham have a large fanbase in the United Kingdom, drawn largely from north London and the Home counties. Five times between 1946 and 1969, Tottenham had the highest average attendance in England.[92][93] There are also Tottenham supporters' clubs located all over the world. Tottenham were 9th in average attendances for the 2008–09 Premier League season, and 11th for all Premier League seasons.[94] Historical supporters of the club have included such figures as A.J. Ayer.[95][96] Tottenham supporters have rivalries with several clubs, mainly within the London area. The fiercest of these is with north London rivals Arsenal. They also share notable rivalries with fellow London clubs Chelsea and West Ham United.[97]

text: The club, as with many clubs in London, has a large Jewish following and this has led to much antisemitic provocation[98][99] against Tottenham supporters. Tottenham supporters, Jewish and non-Jewish, united against this and adopted the nickname "Yids", developing chants to support this. Some fans view adopting "Yid" as a badge of pride, helping defuse its power as an insult.[100] Today it is mainly used to distinguish Tottenham fans from other football supporters. Others, however, disagree with the use of the phrase "Yid Army", and believe – even if intended endearingly – that use of the word "legitimis[es] references to Jews in football when, frankly, religion, ethnicity or colour should have no place in sport".[101] In April 2011, Jewish comedian, author and Chelsea supporter[102] David Baddiel produced a short film stating that the anti-semitic chanting is as unacceptable as the abuse still suffered by black footballers, and must be stamped out accordingly.[103]

text: After Spurs completed the Double in 1960–61, the club entered the European Cup for the first time. Their first opponents were Górnik Zabrze the Polish champions and after a hard-fought match Spurs suffered a 4–2 reverse. Tottenham's tough-tackling prompted the Polish press to describe them as "they were no angels". These comments incensed a group of three fans and for the return match at White Hart Lane they dressed as angels wearing white sheets fashioned into togas, sandals, false beards and carrying placards bearing biblical-type slogans. The angels were allowed on the perimeter of the pitch and their fervour whipped up the home fans who responded with a rendition of "Glory Glory Hallelujah", which is still sung on terraces at White Hart Lane and other football grounds.[104] The Lilywhites also responded to the atmosphere to win the tie 8–1. Manager of Spurs, Bill Nicholson, wrote in his autobiography:

text: A new sound was heard in English football in the 1961–2 season. It was the hymn Glory, Glory Hallelujah being sung by 60,000 fans at White Hart Lane in our European Cup matches. I don't know how it started or who started it, but it took over the ground like a religious feeling.

text: Social responsibility

text: The club through its Community Programme has, since 2006, been working with Haringey Council and the Metropolitan Housing Trust and the local community on developing sports facilities and social programmes which have also been financially supported by Barclays Spaces for Sport and the Football Foundation.[106][107] The Tottenham Hotspur Foundation received high-level political support from the prime minister when it was launched at 10 Downing Street in February 2007.[108]

text: In March 2007 the Club announced a partnership with the charity SOS Children's Villages UK.[109] Player fines will go towards this charity's children's village in Rustenburg, South Africa with the funds being used to cover the running costs as well as in support of a variety of community development projects in and around Rustenburg. In the financial year 2006–07, Tottenham topped a league of Premier League charitable donations when viewed both in overall terms[110] and as a percentage of turnover by giving £4,545,889, including a one-off contribution of £4.5 million over four years, to set up the Tottenham Hotspur Foundation.[111] This compared to donations of £9,763 in 2005–06.[112]

text: This commitment is an example of professional sport supporting the communities and people who support and enrich them through their attendance and other participation and support.[113][114]

text: The football club is one of the highest profile participants in the 10:10 project which encourages individuals, businesses and organisations to take action on environmental issues. They joined in 2009 in a commitment to reducing their carbon footprint. To do this they upgraded their lights to more efficient models, they turned down their heating dials and took less short-haul flights among a host of other things.[115] After working with 10:10 for one year, they reported that they had reduced their carbon emissions by an impressive 14%.[115]

text: In contrast, they have successfully sought the reduction of section 106 planning obligations connected to the redevelopment of the stadium. Initially the development would incorporate 50% affordable housing (100 out of 200), but this was reduced to 0 out of 285[116] when Spurs suggested that the development was not financially viable with this obligation. In addition, a payment of £16m for community infrastructure was reduced to £0.5m. This is controversial in an area which has suffered high levels of deprivation as well as long-term planning blight as Spurs bought up property for the development, leaving it empty.

text: Tottenham Hotspur ladies

text: Tottenham's ladies' team was founded in 1985 as Broxbourne Ladies. They started using the Tottenham Hotspur name for the 1991–92 season and played in the London and South East Women's Regional Football League (then fourth tier of the game). They won promotion after topping the league in 2007–08. In the 2016–17 season they won the FA Women's Premier League Southern Division and a subsequent playoff, gaining promotion to the FA Women's Super League 2.[117]

text: Honours

text: Major honours

text: Domestic

text: League competitions

text:
First Division/Premier League:[118][119][120]

Winners (2): 1950–51, 1960–61

Second Division/Championship:[119]

Winners (2): 1919–20, 1949–50

text: Cup competitions

text:
FA Cup:[121][122]

Winners (8): 1900–01, 1920–21, 1960–61, 1961–62, 1966–67, 1980–81, 1981–82, 1990–91

League Cup:[123]

Winners (4): 1970–71, 1972–73, 1998–99, 2007–08

FA Charity Shield/FA Community Shield:[124]

Winners (7): 1921, 1951, 1961, 1962, 1967*, 1981*, 1991* (*shared)

text: European

text:
UEFA Cup Winners' Cup:[125]

Winners (1): 1962–63

UEFA Cup/UEFA Europa League:[126]

Winners (2): 1971–72, 1983–84

text: Other honours/friendlies

text: Historical competitions

text:
Southern League:[118]

Winners (1): 1899–1900

Western League:[118]

Winners (1): 1903–04

London League Premier Division Champions:

Winners (1): 1902–03

Football League South 'C' Division Champions:

Winners (1): 1939–40

Southern District Charity Cup:

Winners (3): 1901–02, 1904–05, 1906–07

Sheriff of London Charity Shield:

Winners (2): 1901–02, 1933–34

London Challenge Cup:

Winners (8): 1910–11, 1928–29, 1936–37, 1947–48, 1958–59, 1963–64, 1970–71, 1973–74

text: Friendly tournaments

text:
Anglo-Italian League Cup:[127]

Winners (1): 1971

Costa Del Sol Tournament:

Winners (2): 1965, 1966

Nolia Cup:

Winners (1): 1977

Kirin Cup:

Winners (1): 1979

Sun International Challenge Trophy:

Winners (1): 1983

Peace Cup:

Winners (1): 2005

Vodacom Challenge:

Winners (2): 2007, 2011

Feyenoord Jubileum Tournament:

Winners (1): 2008

Barclays Asia Trophy:

Winners (1): 2009

AIA Cup:

Winners (1): 2015

text: Statistics and records

text: Steve Perryman holds the appearance record for Spurs, having played 854 games for the club between 1969 and 1986, of which 655 were league matches.[128][129] Jimmy Greaves holds the club goal scoring record with 266 goals in 380 league, cup and European appearances.[130]

text: Tottenham's record league win is 9–0 against Bristol Rovers in the Second Division on 22 October 1977.[131][132] The club's record cup victory came on 3 February 1960 with a 13–2 win over Crewe Alexandra in the FA Cup.[133] Spurs' biggest top-flight victory came against Wigan Athletic on 22 November 2009, when they won 9–1 with Jermain Defoe scoring five goals.[132][134] The club's record defeat is an 8–0 loss to 1. FC Köln in the Intertoto Cup on 22 July 1995.[135]

text: The record home attendance at White Hart Lane was 75,038 on 5 March 1938 in a cup tie against Sunderland.[136] The highest recorded attendances however were at their temporary home Wembley Stadium due to its higher capacity – 85,512 spectators turned up on 2 November 2016 for the 2016–17 UEFA Champions League game against Bayer Leverkusen,[137] while 80,827 attended their home match against Liverpool on 23 October 2017 which is the highest attendance recorded for any Premier League game.[138]

text: Players

text: First-team squad

text: Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.

text:
No.

Position
Player

1

GK
Hugo Lloris (captain)

2

DF
Kieran Trippier

3

DF
Danny Rose

4

DF
Toby Alderweireld

5

DF
Jan Vertonghen (third captain)

6

DF
Davinson Sánchez

7

FW
Son Heung-min

10

FW
Harry Kane (vice-captain)

11

MF
Érik Lamela

12

MF
Victor Wanyama

13

GK
Michel Vorm

14

MF
Georges-Kévin N'Koudou

No.

Position
Player

15

MF
Eric Dier

17

MF
Moussa Sissoko

18

FW
Fernando Llorente

19

MF
Mousa Dembélé

20

MF
Dele Alli

21

DF
Juan Foyth

22

GK
Paulo Gazzaniga

23

MF
Christian Eriksen

24

DF
Serge Aurier

29

MF
Harry Winks

33

DF
Ben Davies

37

DF
Kyle Walker-Peters

text: Out on loan

text:
No.

Position
Player

9

FW
Vincent Janssen (at Fenerbahçe for the 2017–18 season)[140]

25

MF
Josh Onomah (at Aston Villa for the 2017–18 season)[141]

38

DF
Cameron Carter-Vickers (at Sheffield United for the 2017–18 season)[142]

text: Reserves and academy

text: Club management and support staff

text:
Role
Name

Manager
 Mauricio Pochettino

Assistant head coach
 Jesús Pérez

First team coach
 Miguel D'Agostino

First team goalkeeping coach
 Toni Jiménez

Head of sports science, fitness and conditioning
 Nathan Gardiner

International technical coordinator
 Steffen Freund

Head of recruitment and analysis
 Steve Hitchen

Head of player identification
 Rob Mackenzie

text: Club directors

text:
Role
Name[143][144]

Executive chairman
Daniel Levy

Finance director
Matthew Collecott

Director
Donna-Maria Cullen

Director
Darren Eales

non-executive director
Sir Keith Mills

non-executive director
Kevan Watts

non-executive director
Ron Robson

text: Managers and players

text: Managers and head coaches in club's history

text: Listed according to when they became managers for Tottenham Hotspur:

text:
(C) – Caretaker
(FTC) – First team coach

text:
1898  Frank Brettell
1899  John Cameron
1907  Fred Kirkham
1912  Peter McWilliam
1927  Billy Minter
1930  Percy Smith
1935  Wally Hardinge (C)
1935  Jack Tresadern
1938  Peter McWilliam
1942  Arthur Turner
1946  Joe Hulme
1949  Arthur Rowe
1955  Jimmy Anderson
1958  Bill Nicholson
1974  Terry Neill
1976  Keith Burkinshaw
1984  Peter Shreeves
1986  David Pleat
1987  Doug Livermore and  Trevor Hartley (C)
1987  Terry Venables
1991  Peter Shreeves
1992  Doug Livermore and  Ray Clemence (FTC)

1993  Osvaldo Ardiles
1994  Steve Perryman (C)
1994  Gerry Francis
1997  Chris Hughton (C)
1997  Christian Gross
1998  David Pleat (C)
1998  George Graham
2001  David Pleat (C)
2001  Glenn Hoddle
2003  David Pleat (C)
2004  Jacques Santini
2004  Martin Jol
2007  Clive Allen (C)
2007  Juande Ramos
2008  Harry Redknapp
2012  André Villas-Boas
2013  Tim Sherwood
2014  Mauricio Pochettino

text: Club hall of fame

text: The following players are noted as "greats" for their contributions to the club or have been inducted into the club's Hall of Fame:[145][146][147] The most recent additions to the club's Hall of Fame are Steve Perryman and Jimmy Greaves on 20 April 2016.[148]

text:
Osvaldo Ardiles
 Ricardo Villa
 Clive Allen
 Les Allen
 Paul Allen
 Darren Anderton
 Peter Baker
 Phil Beal
 Bobby Buckle
 Keith Burkinshaw
 Martin Chivers
 Tommy Clay
 Ray Clemence
 Ralph Coates
 Garth Crooks
 Jimmy Dimmock

 Ted Ditchburn
 Terry Dyson
 Paul Gascoigne
 Arthur Grimsdell
 Jimmy Greaves
 Willie Hall
 Ron Henry
 Glenn Hoddle
 Jack Jull
 Cyril Knowles
 Gary Lineker
 Gary Mabbutt
 Paul Miller
 Billy Minter
 Tom Morris
 Alan Mullery

 Bill Nicholson
 Maurice Norman
 Steve Perryman
 Martin Peters
 John Pratt
 Graham Roberts
 Teddy Sheringham
 Bobby Smith
 Vivian Woodward
 Chris Waddle
 Fanny Walden
 David Ginola
 Steffen Freund
 Jürgen Klinsmann
 Chris Hughton
 Danny Blanchflower

 Pat Jennings
 Steve Archibald
 Bill Brown
 John Cameron
 Alan Gilzean
 Dave Mackay
 John White
 Ronnie Burgess
 Mike England
 Cliff Jones
 Terry Medwin
 Taffy O'Callaghan

text: Player of the Year

text:
1987  Gary Mabbutt
1988  Chris Waddle
1989  Erik Thorstvedt
1990  Paul Gascoigne
1991  Paul Allen
1992  Gary Lineker
1993  Darren Anderton
1994  Jürgen Klinsmann

1995  Teddy Sheringham
1996  Sol Campbell
1997  Sol Campbell
1998  David Ginola
1999  Stephen Carr
2000  Stephen Carr
2001  Neil Sullivan
2002  Simon Davies

2003  Robbie Keane
2004  Jermain Defoe
2005–06  Robbie Keane
2006–07  Dimitar Berbatov
2007–08  Robbie Keane
2008–09  Aaron Lennon
2009–10  Michael Dawson
2010–11  Luka Modrić

2011–12  Scott Parker
2012–13  Gareth Bale
2013–14  Christian Eriksen
2014–15  Harry Kane
2015–16  Toby Alderweireld
2016–17  Christian Eriksen

text: Affiliated clubs

text:
Internacional[149]
 San Jose Earthquakes[150]
 South China[151]
 Supersport United[152]


document_title: World Tourism rankings

question_text: who has the most tourists in the world

question_tokens: who has the most tourists in the world

root

text: World Tourism rankings

text: Most visited destinations by international tourist arrivals

text: In 2016, there were 1.235 billion international tourist arrivals worldwide, with a growth of 4% as compared to 1.186 billion in 2015. The top 10 international tourism destinations in 2016 were:[1]

tag: p

text:
Rank
Destination
International
tourist
arrivals
(2016)[1]
International
tourist
arrivals
(2015)[1]
Change
(2015 to
2016)
(%)
Change
(2014 to
2015)
(%)

1
 France
82.6 million
84.5 million
 2.2
 0.9

2
 United States
75.6 million
77.5 million
 2.4
 3.3

3
 Spain
75.6 million
68.5 million
 10.3
 5.5

4
 China
59.3 million
56.9 million
 4.2
 2.3

5
 Italy
52.4 million
50.7 million
 3.2
 4.4

6
 United Kingdom
35.8 million
34.4 million
 4.0
 5.6

7
 Germany
35.6 million
35.0 million
 1.7
 6.0

8
 Mexico
35.0 million
32.1 million
 8.9
 9.4

9
 Thailand
32.6 million
29.9 million
 8.9
 20.6

10
 Turkey
31.3 million
39.5 million
 24.6
 0.8

tag: table

text: Africa

text: In 2015, there were over 53 million international tourist arrivals to Africa, a decrease of 3% from 2014. In 2015, the top ten African destinations were:

text:
Rank
Destination
International
tourist
arrivals
(2015)[1]
International
tourist
arrivals
(2014)[1]
Change
(2014 to
2015)
(%)
Change
(2013 to
2014)
(%)

1
 Morocco
10.2 million
10.3 million
 1.0
 2.4

2
 Egypt
9.1 million
9.6 million
 5.1
 5.0

3
 South Africa
8.9 million
9.5 million
 6.8
 0.1

4
 Tunisia
5.4 million
7.2 million
 25.2
 2.6

5
 Zimbabwe
2.1 million
1.9 million
 9.4
 2.6

6
 Algeria
1.7 million
2.3 million
 25.7
 15.8

7
 Mozambique
1.6 million
1.7 million
 6.6
 11.9

8
 Botswana
1.5 million
2.0 million
 22.3
 27.3

9
 Ivory Coast
1.4 million
0.5 million
 205.9
 23.9

10
 Namibia
1.4 million
1.3 million
 5.1
 12.2

Note: Egypt is classified under "Middle East" in the UNWTO.[2]

text: Americas

text: In 2015, there were over 199 million international tourist arrivals to the Americas. In 2015, the top ten destinations were:[1]

text:
Rank
Destination
International
tourist
arrivals
(2015)[1]
International
tourist
arrivals
(2014)[1]
Change
(2014 to
2015)
(%)
Change
(2013 to
2014)
(%)

1
 United States
77.5 million
75.0 million
 3.3
 7.2

2
 Mexico
32.1 million
29.3 million
 9.4
 21.5

3
 Canada
18.0 million
16.5 million
 8.7
 3.0

4
 Brazil
6.3 million
6.4 million
 1.9
 10.6

5
 Argentina
5.7 million
5.9 million
 3.3
 13.1

6
 Dominican Republic
5.6 million
5.1 million
 8.9
 9.6

7
 Chile
4.5 million
3.7 million
 21.9
 2.7

8
 Puerto Rico
3.5 million
3.2 million
 9.1
 2.3

9
 Cuba
3.5 million
3.0 million
 17.5
 5.0

10
 Peru
3.5 million
3.2 million
 7.5
 1.6

text: Asia-Pacific

text: In 2016, there were over 308 million international tourist arrivals to Asia-Pacific, an increase of 9.0% over 2015. In 2016, the top ten destinations were:[1]

text:
Rank
Destination
International
tourist
arrivals
(2016)[1]
International
tourist
arrivals
(2015)[1]
Change
(2015 to
2016)
(%)
Change
(2014 to
2015)
(%)

1
 China
59.3 million
56.9 million
 4.2
 2.3

2
 Thailand
32.6 million
29.9 million
 8.9
 20.6

3
 Malaysia
26.8 million
25.7 million
 4.0
 6.3

4
 Hong Kong
26.6 million
26.7 million
 0.5
 3.9

5
 Japan
24.0 million
19.7 million
 21.8
 47.1

6
 South Korea
17.2 million
13.2 million
 30.3
 6.8

7
 Macau
15.7 million
14.3 million
 9.8
 1.8

8
 India
14.6 million
13.3 million
 9.7
 1.4

9
 Singapore
12.9 million
12.1 million
 7.1
 1.6

10
 Indonesia
12.0 million[3]
10.0 million
 15.5
 5.6

text: Europe

text: In 2016, there were over 616 million international tourist arrivals to Europe, an increase of 1.0% over 2015. In 2016, the top ten destinations were:[1]

text:
Rank
Destination
International
tourist
arrivals
(2016)[1]
International
tourist
arrivals
(2015)[1]
Change
(2015 to
2016)
(%)
Change
(2014 to
2015)
(%)

1
 France
82.6 million
84.5 million
 2.2
 0.9

2
 Spain
75.6 million
68.5 million
 10.3
 5.5

3
 Italy
52.4 million
50.7 million
 3.2
 4.4

4
 United Kingdom
35.8 million
34.4 million
 4.0
 5.6

5
 Germany
35.6 million
35.0 million
 1.7
 6.0

6
 Turkey
28.2 million
39.5 million
 29.5
 0.8

7
 Austria
28.1 million
26.7 million
 5.2
 5.7

8
 Greece
24.8 million
23.6 million
 5.1
 7.1

9
 Russia
24.6 million
26.9 million
 8.6
 5.6

10
 Poland
17.5 million
16.7 million
 4.4
 4.6

text: Middle East

text: In 2015, there were over 53 million international tourist arrivals to the Middle East, an increase of 2.0% over 2014. In 2015, the top ten destinations were:

text:
Rank
Destination
International
tourist
arrivals
(2015)[1]
International
tourist
arrivals
(2014)[1]
Change
(2014 to
2015)
(%)
Change
(2013 to
2014)
(%)

1
 Turkey
39.5 million
39.8 million
 0.8
 5.3

2
 Saudi Arabia
18.0 million
18.3 million
 1.5
 15.8

3
 United Arab Emirates
14.2 million
13.2 million
 7.6
 32.1

4
 Egypt
9.1 million
9.6 million
 5.1
 5.0

5
 Iran
5.2 million
5.0 million
 5.4
 4.2

6
 Jordan
3.8 million
4.0 million
 5.7
 1.1

7
 Qatar
2.9 million
2.8 million
 3.7
 8.2

8
 Israel
2.8 million
2.9 million
 4.4
 1.2

9
 Oman
1.9 million
1.6 million
 17.8
 15.7

10
 Lebanon
1.5 million
1.4 million
 12.1
 6.3

Note: Iran is classified as part of "South Asia" in the UNWTO.[2]
Turkey and Israel are classified as part of "Southern/Medit.Europe" in the UNWTO.[2]

text: International tourism receipts

text: International tourism receipts grew to US$1,260 billion in 2015, corresponding to an increase in real terms of 4.4% from 2014.[1] The World Tourism Organization reports the following destinations as the top twelve tourism earners for the year 2015, with the United States by far the top earner.

text:
Rank
Region
International
tourism
receipts
(2016)[1]
International
tourism
receipts
(2015)[1]
Change
(2015 to
2016)
(%)
Change
(2014 to
2015)
(%)

1
 United States
$205.9 billion
$205.4 billion
 0.3%
 7.0%

2
 Spain
$60.3 billion
$56.5 billion
 6.9%
 13.3%

3
 Thailand
$49.9 billion
$44.9 billion
 11.0%
 16.9%

4
 China
$44.4 billion
$45.0 billion
 1.2%
 2.1%

5
 France
$42.5 billion
$44.9 billion
 5.3%
 22.9%

6
 Italy
$40.2 billion
$39.4 billion
 2.0%
 13.3%

7
 United Kingdom
$39.6 billion
$45.5 billion
 12.9%
 2.3%

8
 Germany
$37.4 billion
$36.9 billion
 1.4%
 14.8%

9
 Hong Kong
$32.9 billion
$36.2 billion
 9.1%
 5.8%

10
 Australia
$32.4 billion
$28.9 billion
 12.3%
 8.2%

text: Africa

text:
Rank
Region
International
tourism
receipts
(US$ million)
(2016)[1]

1
 South Africa
$7,910

2
 Morocco
$6,548

3
 Egypt
$5,258

4
 Tanzania
$2,135

5
 Mauritius
$1,572

6
 Tunisia
$1,239

7
 Botswana
$1,101

8
 Nigeria
$1,070

9
 Sudan
$1,009

10
 Zimbabwe
$824

text: Americas

text:
Rank
Region
International
tourism
receipts
(US$ million)
(2016)[1]

1
 United States
$205,940

2
 Mexico
$19,571

3
 Canada
$18,213

4
 Dominican Republic
$6,723

5
 Brazil
$6,024

6
 Colombia
$4,773

7
 Argentina
$4,687

8
 Panama
$4,258

9
 Puerto Rico
$3,985

10
 Costa Rica
$3,879

text: Asia-Pacific

text:
Rank
Region
International
tourism
receipts
(US$ million)
(2016)[1]

1
 Thailand
$49,871

2
 China
$44,432

3
 Hong Kong
$32,860

4
 Australia
$32,423

5
 Japan
$30,678

6
 Macau
$29,881

7
 India
$22,427

8
 Singapore
$18,386

9
 Malaysia
$18,074

10
 South Korea
$17,210

text: Europe

text:
Rank
Region
International
tourism
receipts
(US$ million)
(2016)[1]

1
 Spain
$60,346

2
 France
$42,481

3
 Italy
$40,246

4
 United Kingdom
$39,615

5
 Germany
$37,433

6
 Austria
$19,300

7
  Switzerland
$15,937

8
 Greece
$14,618

9
 Netherlands
$14,054

9
 Portugal
$14,036

text: Middle East

text:
Rank
Region
International
tourism
receipts
(US$ million)
(2015)[1]

1
 Turkey
$26,616

2
 United Arab Emirates
$17,481

3
 Saudi Arabia
$10,130

4
 Lebanon
$6,857

5
 Egypt
$6,065

6
 Israel
$5,794

7
 Qatar
$5,035

8
 Jordan
$4,065

9
 Iraq
$4,060

10
 Oman
$1,540

text: International tourism expenditure in 2015 and 2016

text: The World Tourism Organization reports the following destinations as the top ten biggest spenders on international tourism for the year 2015 and 2016.[1]

text:
Rank
Region
International
tourism
expenditure
(2016)[1]
International
tourism
expenditure
(2015)[1]

1
 China
$261.1 billion
$249.8 billion

2
 United States
$123.6 billion
$114.7 billion

3
 Germany
$79.8 billion
$77.5 billion

4
 United Kingdom
$63.6 billion
$63.3 billion

5
 France
$40.5 billion
$39.3 billion

6
 Canada
$29.1 billion
$30.1 billion

7
 South Korea
$26.6 billion
$25.3 billion

8
 Italy
$25.0 billion
$24.4 billion

9
 Australia
$24.9 billion
$23.8 billion

10
 Hong Kong
$24.2 billion
$23.1 billion


document_title: Salutary neglect

question_text: what was the british policy of not enforcing laws in the colonies

text: Salutary neglect

text: Salutary neglect is an American history term that refers to the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century British Crown policy of avoiding strict enforcement of parliamentary laws meant to keep American colonies obedient to England. The term comes from Edmund Burke's "Speech on Conciliation with America" given in the House of Commons March 22, 1775.

text: Prime Minister Robert Walpole stated that "If no restrictions were placed on the colonies, they would flourish".[1] This policy, which lasted from about 1607 to 1763, allowed the enforcement of trade relations laws to be lenient. Walpole did not believe in enforcing the Navigation Acts, established under Oliver Cromwell and Charles II and designed to force the colonists to trade only with England, Scotland, and Wales, the constituent countries of the British homeland as well as Ireland, then in personal union with Kingdom of Great Britain, as part of the larger economic strategy of mercantilism. Successive British governments ended this non-enforcement policy through new laws such as the Stamp Act and Sugar Act, causing tensions within the colonies.

text: Salutary neglect occurred in three time periods. From 1607 to 1696, England had no coherent imperial policy regarding specific overseas possessions and their governance, although mercantilist ideas were gaining force and giving general shape to trade policy. From 1696 to 1763, England (and after 1707 the Kingdom of Great Britain) tried to form a coherent policy through the Navigation Acts but did not enforce it. Lastly, from 1763 to 1775 Britain began to try to enforce stricter rules and more direct management, driven in part by the outcome of the Seven Years' War in which Britain had gained large swathes of new territory in North America at the Treaty of Paris. Successive British governments passed a number of acts designed to regulate Britain's American colonies including the Stamp Act and Quebec Act. The Quebec Act was not meant to oppress the colonists, but was nevertheless widely viewed as oppressive due to the Intolerable Acts being passed at the same time.

text: The end of salutary neglect was a large contributing factor that led to the American Revolutionary War. Since the imperial authority did not assert the power that it had, the colonists were left to govern themselves. These essentially sovereign colonies soon became accustomed to the idea of self-control. They also realized that they were powerful enough to defeat the British (with help from France), and decided to revolt. The effects of such prolonged isolation eventually resulted in the emergence of a collective identity that considered itself separate from Great Britain.

text: To what extent "salutary neglect" constituted an actual neglect of colonial affairs, as the name suggests, versus a conscious policy of the British government, is controversial among historians, and also varies with national perspective. While Americans may side with Burke on the "salutary" effect of this policy, emphasizing the economic and social development of the colonies, it was from a British imperial perspective a momentous failure, and debate remains as to its true social, economic, and political effects.

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ [1][unreliable source?] – Quote regarding the Salutary Doctrine and the prime minister who made it: "A spirit of self-government had arisen in the colonies. Between the years 1721 to 1742, Britain's Prime Minister, Robert Walpole, had encouraged this with a policy called 'salutary neglect.' Wishing to concentrate on European matters, Walpole relaxed colonial regulations and allowed the colonists to govern themselves. Each colony had an assembly of no representatives elected by respected men-- men who owned at least a little property. These assemblies enforced the collected taxes, budgeted expenditures and pursued a few small public works programs." References: The Oxford History of the American People, by Samuel Eliot Morison, 1965 Liberty's Exiles: American Loyalists in the Revolutionary World, by Maya Jasanoff, 2011 Thomas Paine, by Craig Nelson, 2006 A Brilliant Solution: Inventing the American Constitution, by Carol Berkin, Harcourt, Inc , 2002 A Companion to the American Revolution, edited by Jack P Green and J R Cole, 2000 American Colonies, by Alan Taylor, 200. The Cousin's War: Religion, Politics and the Triumph of Anglo America, by Kevin Phillips, 1999 The War that Made America, PBS Documentary, 2006 First Freedom: the Fight for Religious Liberty, PBS documentary, 2012

tag: ol


document_title: Weekend at Bernie's

question_text: who played bernie in weekend at bernie's

question_tokens: who played bernie in weekend at bernie 's

text: Weekend at Bernie's

text: Plot[edit]

text: Larry Wilson (Andrew McCarthy) and Richard Parker (Jonathan Silverman) are two low-level financial employees at an insurance corporation in New York City. While going over actuarial reports, Richard discovers a series of payments made for the same death. Richard and Larry take their findings to the CEO, Bernie Lomax (Terry Kiser), who commends them for discovering insurance fraud and invites them to his Hamptons island beach house for the Labor Day weekend. Unbeknownst to Larry and Richard, Bernie is behind the fraud. Nervously meeting with his mob partner Vito (Louis Giambalvo), Bernie asks to have Larry and Richard killed. However, after Bernie leaves, Vito decides Bernie has been attracting too much attention with his greed and his relationship with Vito's girlfriend, Tina (Catherine Parks), and orders that he be killed instead.

text: Bernie arrives at the island before Larry and Richard and plans the murders with Paulie (Don Calfa), the hitman, on the phone, unaware the conversation is being recorded on his answering machine. Bernie then plants cash and a fake confession note implicating Larry and Richard in the insurance fraud. Paulie arrives, killing Bernie with a drug overdose. When Larry and Richard arrive at Bernie's house, they find Bernie's body. Before they can call the police, guests arrive for a party that Bernie used to host every weekend. To Larry and Richard's amazement, the guests are too engrossed in their partying to notice he is dead, with the dopey grin from the fatal injection and his sunglasses concealing his lifeless state. Fearing implication in Bernie's death, and wanting to enjoy the luxury of the house for the weekend, Larry proposes he and Richard maintain the illusion that Bernie is still alive, a notion that Richard finds absurd. Only the arrival of Richard's office crush, Gwen Saunders (Catherine Mary Stewart), a summer intern for the company, convinces him to go along with Larry's plan.

text: Later that night, Tina arrives at the house, and has Larry and Richard direct her to Bernie. There, she also fails to realize he is dead. At that moment, Marty, one of Vito's mobsters witnesses the two of them apparently making love. Fooled into thinking Bernie's assassination failed, he notifies Vito. The next morning, Richard is appalled to discover Larry furthering the illusion of Bernie being alive by manipulating his body's limbs. Richard attempts to call the police but instead activates the phone message detailing Bernie's plot against them. Unaware of the circumstances of Bernie's death, they mistakenly believe they are still the targets of a mob hit and decide to use Bernie's corpse as a prop for protection. Richard and Larry make various attempts to leave the island. All attempts are thwarted, as they repeatedly misplace and recover Bernie's body. Finally, Larry and Richard are forced to return to Bernie's home. Meanwhile, Paulie, unhinged at his apparent failure to kill Bernie, returns to the island.

text: At the house, Gwen confronts Larry and Richard, who confess that Bernie has been dead since their arrival. Paulie then appears and opens fire at Bernie, then turns his attention to Larry, Richard, and Gwen. Chasing after the trio, Paulie corners Larry, who clumsily manages to subdue him with a phone cord and a punch. The police eventually arrive and place Paulie under arrest, taking him away in a straitjacket as he continues to insist Bernie is still alive. Bernie is loaded into an ambulance, however, his gurney rolls away and topples off the boardwalk, dumping him onto the beach right behind Richard, Larry, and Gwen, who run away after noticing him. Eventually, a young boy comes along and starts to "play" with Bernie, scooping buckets of sand over his body.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Andrew McCarthy as Lawrence "Larry" Wilson
Jonathan Silverman as Richard Parker
Terry Kiser as Bernie Lomax
Catherine Mary Stewart as Gwen Saunders
Don Calfa as Paulie
Catherine Parks as Tina
Eloise Broady as Tawny
Gregory Salata as Marty
Louis Giambalvo as Vito
Ted Kotcheff as Mr. Parker
Margaret Hall as Lomax's secretary
Jason Woliner as Bratty kid

tag: ul

text: Reception[edit]

text: The film received mixed reviews from critics, holding a 54% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.[2] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called the film "tasteless" and "crude" and felt that in the end it was impossible to "drag one tired joke around for nearly two hours. Like Bernie, the movie ends up dead on its feet."[3] Roger Ebert echoed this sentiment, arguing that movies centered on dead bodies are rarely funny. Ebert gave the film 1 out of 4 stars overall.[4]

text: Nevertheless, the film was a financial success, grossing US$30 million at the box office, and was profitable on home video.[5][6]

text: The film's commercial success inspired a 1993 sequel, Weekend at Bernie's II.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's closing credits feature the song "Hot and Cold", performed by American singer Jermaine Stewart. It was written by Andy Summers and Winston 'Pipe' Matthews, and produced by Richard Rudolph and Michael Sembello.[7] The song was released as a single by Arista in the United States during June 1989 to promote the film.[8][9]

text: Lawsuit[edit]

text: On January 24, 2014, director Ted Kotcheff and screenwriter Robert Klane filed a lawsuit against Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and 20th Century Fox for breach of contract for profits they claimed were due from the film.[10][11][12]


document_title: Zeeshan

question_text: what is the meaning of muslim name zeeshan

text: Zeeshan

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2007) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Zeeshan (Zişan) ذیشان

Pronunciation
Zee shaan

Gender
Male

Origin

Word/name
Turkish, Persian

Meaning
Possessor of Splendor, Moon, Magnificent, Brilliant

Region of origin
Asia / Pakistan / Turkey

Other names

Related names
Zishan, Zeshan, Zişan, Zeşan

text: Look up Zeshan or Zishan in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

text: Zeeshan (Zişan) or Zeshan (Zeşan) is a Turkish or Persian masculine given name, derived from words "Zee" (possessor of, from Arabic ذو) and "Shan" (high status or splendor, from Arabic شأن), sometimes simply translated as "princely" or "Moon". This word is also used in Persian, Urdu and sometimes in Turkish poetry as an adjective.

text: This name is mostly used for males in, India, Pakistan, Iran, and other Asian countries of the region, though the name is neutral in gender and can also be used for females (mostly in Turkey) with meanings "Moon", "magnificent" and "brilliant".

text: Variant forms and similar names[edit]

text: The diminutive or nickname for Zeeshan is Shaan or "Shani".

text: Jishan is a Bihari and Indian cognate for the same word and is written as such because of lack of the 'Z' sound natively in Sanskrit derived languages.

text: Notable people with this name[edit]

text:
Zeeshan Ali (born 1970), Indian tennis player
Zeeshan Ashraf (born 1977), Pakistani hockey player
Zeeshan Khan (cricketer, born 1976), Pakistani cricketer
Zeeshan Khan (cricketer, born 1992), Pakistani cricketer
Zeeshan Parwez, Pakistani musician in Sajid & Zeeshan, electronic music duo from Peshawar
Zeshan "Zesh" Rehman (born 1983), British Pakistani footballer
Zeeshan Anis Siddiqui, UK citizen apprehended in Pakistan
Zeeshan Zaidi, American musician, lead sinlger and guitarist for The Commuters

text: This page or section lists people that share the same given name. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change that link to point directly to the intended article.

text: Turkish masculine given namesTurkish feminine given namesArabic masculine given namesIranian masculine given namesPakistani masculine given names

text: Articles lacking sources from October 2007All articles lacking sourcesAll set index articles


document_title: History of the Texas Rangers (baseball)

question_text: when did the texas rangers move to arlington

text: History of the Texas Rangers (baseball)

text: Washington Senators: 1961–1971[edit]

text: When the original Washington Senators moved to Minnesota in 1960 as the Twins, Major League Baseball decided to expand a year earlier than planned to stave off threats of losing its exemption from the Sherman Antitrust Act. At the winter meetings that year, it awarded a new team to Los Angeles (the Angels, now the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim) as well as a new team in the nation's capital. This new team adopted the old Senators name, but was (and still is) considered an expansion team since the Twins retained the old Senators' records and history. The Senators and Angels began to fill their rosters with American League players in an expansion draft. The team played the 1961 season at old Griffith Stadium before moving to District of Columbia Stadium (now the Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium).

text: For most of their existence, the new Senators were the definition of futility, losing an average of 90 games a season. The team's struggles led to a twist on a joke about the old Senators--"Washington: first in war, first in peace and still last in the American League." Frank Howard, known for his towering home runs, was the team's most accomplished player, winning two home run titles.

text: Ownership changed hands several times during the franchise's stay in Washington and was often plagued by poor decision-making and planning. Owner Pete Queseda once wondered why he needed to pay players who didn't belong in the majors and later agreed to a 10-year lease at D.C. Stadium—a move that would come back to haunt the Senators. In 1963, Quesada sold his stake in the club and resigned. Washington stockbrokers James Johnson and James Lemon owned the team briefly, suffering massive financial losses. Johnson died in 1967 and Lemon sold the team a year later to hotel and trucking executive Bob Short, who outbid a group headed by Bob Hope. Short named himself general manager and hired Hall of Famer Ted Williams as manager. Although Williams had never coached or managed at any level of baseball, he seemed to light a spark under the once-moribund Senators. Williams kept them in contention for most of the 1969 season; their 86–76 record would be its only winning season in Washington.

text: The success was brief, as Short borrowed most of the $9.4 million he had paid for the team. As general manager, Short was forced to make many questionable trades to service the debt and bring in much-needed revenue. As a result, the team rapidly fell back into the American League's cellar. Fans kept their distance from the Senators while the Baltimore Orioles, 45 miles (72 km) to the northeast, won four American League pennants and two World Series from 1966 through 1971. By the end of the 1970 season, Short had issued an ultimatum: unless someone was willing to buy the Senators for $12 million (in comparison, the New York Yankees were sold in 1973 for $8.8 million), he would not renew the stadium lease and move the team elsewhere. At that season's end, Short dealt his best starting pitcher and the left side of his infield to the Detroit Tigers for erstwhile 30-game-winner Denny McLain, who had spent most of the 1970 campaign suspended because of gambling allegations. The deal—alleged by onetime Senators broadcaster Shelby Whitfield to have been made in order to secure the Tigers' vote in favor of the Senators' eventual move to Texas—turned Detroit back into contenders, while McLain was a monumental bust, losing a league-worst 22 games.

text: Short was especially receptive to an offer from Arlington, Texas mayor Tom Vandergriff, who had been trying to get a Major League team to play in the Metroplex for over a decade. Years earlier, Charles O. Finley, the owner of the Kansas City Athletics, sought to move his team to Dallas, but the idea was rebuffed by the other AL team owners.

text: Arlington's hole card was Turnpike Stadium, a 10,000-seat park which had been built in 1965 to house the AA Dallas-Fort Worth Spurs of the Texas League. However, it had been built to Major League specifications and also located in a natural bowl, meaning only minor excavations would be necessary to expand the park to accommodate Major League crowds.

text: After Vandergriff offered a multimillion-dollar down payment, Short decided to make the move to Arlington. On September 21, 1971, by a vote of 10 to 2 (the Orioles' Jerold Hoffberger and John Allyn of the Chicago White Sox registered the dissenting votes), American League owners granted approval to move the franchise to Arlington, Texas for the 1972 season.[1]

text: Senators fans were livid. Enmity came to a head at the club's last game in Washington. Thousands of fans simply walked in without paying after the security guards left early, swelling the paid attendance of 14,460 to around 25,000, while fans unfurled a banner reading "SHORT STINKS". With the Senators leading 7–5 and two outs in the top of the ninth inning, several hundred youths stormed the field, raiding it for souvenirs. One man grabbed first base and ran off with it. With no security in sight and only three bases, umpire crew chief Jim Honochick forfeited the game to the New York Yankees.[2][3]

text: First years in Texas: 1972–1984[edit]

text: During the off-season, improvements were made to Turnpike Stadium, which reopened as Arlington Stadium for the 1972 season. Meanwhile, ownership announced that the franchise would be renamed the Texas Rangers. The team played its first game on April 15, 1972, a 1–0 loss at the California Angels. The next day, the Rangers defeated the Angels 5–1 for the club's first victory. After the season Ted Williams retired as manager; he had made no secret of his displeasure with the franchise's new location. Whitey Herzog was named the new manager, but he was replaced before the end of the 1973 season by Billy Martin.

text: In 1974, the Rangers began to come into their own as a team. They finished the season second in the American League West with an 84–76 record, behind the eventual World Series champion Oakland Athletics. The 1974 Rangers are still the only MLB team to finish above .500 after two consecutive 100-loss seasons. Mike Hargrove was awarded A.L. Rookie of the Year, Billy Martin was named Manager of the Year, Jeff Burroughs won American League MVP, and Ferguson Jenkins was named the Comeback Player of the Year after winning 25 games, a club record to this day. However, after a 44–51 start in 1975, Martin was fired as the Rangers' manager and was replaced by Frank Lucchesi.

text: After excellent seasons between 1977–79, the Rangers came very close to clinching a playoff spot in the first half of 1981. But when Texas lost its last game before the players' strike began, the Oakland A's won the A.L. West in the first half by a half-game. After 1981, the Rangers would not post a winning record for another five seasons. During this stretch, the Rangers made one of their most unpopular trades ever, sending multi-Gold Glove catcher and fan favorite Jim Sundberg to the Milwaukee Brewers for future Brewers' manager Ned Yost, who later managed the Kansas City Royals to the 2015 World Series championship.

text: The Rangers faced attendance problems for a few years after moving to Texas, in part due to the team's inconsistent performance and in part due to the oppressive heat and humidity that can overtake the area in the summer. Until the Florida Marlins arrived in 1993, Arlington Stadium was often the hottest stadium in the Majors, with temperatures frequently topping 100 degrees throughout the summer months. In part because of this, the Rangers began playing most of even their weekend games between May and September at night—a tradition that continues to this day. They usually get a waiver from ESPN to play Sunday night games.

text: The Valentine, Ryan, and Bush years: 1985–1994[edit]

text: Bobby Valentine, who would eventually become the Rangers' longest-serving manager at 1,186 games, became steward over an influx of talent in the late 1980s and early 1990s. A winning season in 1986 was a shock to pundits and fans alike as the Rangers remained in the race for the American League pennant for the entire season. With a team consisting of many stellar young rookies such as Rubén Sierra, Pete Incaviglia, Mitch Williams, Bobby Witt, and Edwin Correa, the Rangers finished in 2nd place with an 87–75 record, just five games behind the division champion California Angels. The season marked a dramatic 25-win improvement over the 1985 season, which resulted in a yet another last-place finish in the West. The signing of 41-year-old star pitcher Nolan Ryan prior to the 1989 season allowed Ryan to reach his 5,000th strikeout, 300th win, and sixth and seventh no-hitters with the Rangers. Coupled with powerful batters like Juan González, Rubén Sierra, Julio Franco, and Rafael Palmeiro and a pitching staff that also included Charlie Hough, Bobby Witt, Kevin Brown, and Kenny Rogers, fans held high expectations for the Rangers. However, the team never posted a finish higher than second place and Valentine was relieved of his duties during the 1992 season.

text: In April 1989, Rangers owner and oil tycoon Eddie Chiles, sold the team to an investment group headed by George W. Bush, son of the President of the United States, George H. W. Bush. After hearing that Chiles planned to sell the team, Bush headed a group of investors that bought the team for $89 million. While his own equity in the team was a small one (approximately 1%), he was named Managing General Partner of the new ownership group. He increased his investment the following year.

text: During his tenure, the Rangers and the City of Arlington decided to replace the aging Arlington Stadium with a new publicly funded stadium, at a cost of $193 million, financed by Arlington residents, through a sales tax increase. Ground was broken on October 30, 1991 on what would become The Ballpark in Arlington (now named Globe Life Park in Arlington). The city, through the Arlington Sports Facilities Development Authority, also controversially authorized the seizure of 13 acres (53,000 m2) of land through eminent domain for the Rangers future development. Landowners filed lawsuits over the acquisition and eventually won settlements of $22.2 million which the Rangers failed to pay.

text: Bush left his position with the Rangers when he was elected Governor of Texas in 1994, and was elected the 43rd President of the United States in 2000. Although Bush no longer has any ownership stake in the Rangers, he remains a fan of the team to this day and regularly attends the team's home games.[citation needed]

text: In 1993, Kevin Kennedy took over managerial duties, presiding over the team for two seasons, keeping the 1993 Rangers in the hunt for a playoff berth into mid-September. Kennedy was let go in 1994, although the team led the A.L. West prior to the players' strike. The strike prematurely ended what could have been the Rangers' first division championship when commissioner Bud Selig canceled the remainder of the season and the playoffs. Regardless of the unceremonious end to the 1994 season, Kenny Rogers pitched the 12th perfect game in Major League history on July 28.

text: First success: 1995–2000[edit]

text: The year 1995 saw the beginnings of promise for the Rangers. With a brand new ballpark that hosted its first All-Star Game that year, Johnny Oates was hired as the Rangers' manager. Oates and company promptly helped to bring home the 1996 AL Western Division championship, the first division championship in franchise history. The first playoff series, 24 years after the franchise came to Texas, saw the Rangers lose to the New York Yankees, three games to one. Oates was named AL Manager of the Year and Juan González was named A.L. MVP. The team featured a powerful lineup of hitters with Iván Rodríguez, Will Clark, Mark McLemore, Dean Palmer, Rusty Greer, Juan González, and Mickey Tettleton but continued to struggle with pitching – a common stereotype of Rangers teams – despite having Rick Helling, and Aaron Sele on their roster. Oates led the team to consecutive A.L. West championships in 1998 and 1999. Neither of Oates' last two playoff teams could win a single game, losing all six in back-to-back sweeps at the hands of the Yankees, a team that won three world championships in the 1990s after defeating Rangers teams in the first round. The 1999 team would be the last playoff-bound team for over a decade, as the Rangers took a step backwards at the beginning of the new millennium. En route to a second straight last-place finish, Oates resigned his position 28 games into the 2001 season. The Rangers finished the decade going 1–9 in the postseason, without a single home win.

text: In 1998, venture capital billionaire Tom Hicks bought the team for $250 million. Hicks also agreed to pay the $22.2 million awarded in settlements in relation to the 1991 eminent domain litigation concerning the Ballpark in Arlington.[4]

text: The lean years: 2001–04[edit]

text: The A-Rod era: 2001–03[edit]

text: Prior to the 2001 season, star free agent shortstop Alex Rodriguez, was signed by the Rangers in the most lucrative deal in baseball history: a 10-year, $252 million contract. The move was considered controversial and was frequently maligned by fans and writers who thought that owner Tom Hicks was placing too much emphasis on one player instead of utilizing team resources to acquire several players, especially for a team that lacked pitching talent. Club officials maintained that Rodriguez would be the cornerstone of future postseason success. Although Rodriguez's individual performance was outstanding, the Rangers continued to struggle and manager Jerry Narron was fired following the 2002 season. He was replaced by seasoned manager Buck Showalter.

text: The 2003 season signified the fourth straight last-place finish, and after a post-season fallout between Rodriguez and club management, the reigning A.L. MVP and newly appointed Rangers captain was traded to the New York Yankees for second baseman Alfonso Soriano and infielder prospect Joaquin Arias.

text: In the spring of 2009, Rodriguez admitted to using performance-enhancing drugs during his time with the Rangers. During the investigations into PED use earlier in the decade, several other former Rangers players were criticized for possible use of performance-enhancers. These included notable '90s sluggers Jose Canseco, Iván Rodríguez, Juan González, and Rafael Palmeiro.

text: Prior to the 2004 season, little hope was held out for the Rangers to improve on their losing ways. However, the Rangers battled with the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim and Oakland Athletics for first place in the A.L. West for much of the season. Mark Teixeira, Alfonso Soriano, Michael Young, and Hank Blalock became some of the best-hitting infielders in the league, with Young, Blalock, and Soriano were named to the 2004 All-Star Game. Soriano was named the All-Star MVP after going 2 for 3 with a three-run home run. Late in September, the Oakland A's visited Arlington for a three-game series. After taking the first two games of the series, the Rangers trailed 4–2, in the bottom of the ninth. A loss would have dropped them to four games behind the Athletics. A home run by Hank Blalock and a dramatic two-out, two-run double by David Dellucci (known amongst fans as the "Dellucci Double") gave the Rangers a 5–4 win, one of the most memorable in club history. It also allowed the Rangers to sweep the first-place Athletics and leave them just two games behind with 10 to play. Unfortunately, the Rangers ended up losing six of the final ten games and another turnaround season came up short. The club finished in third place behind the Angels and A's, a mere three games out of first place.

text: In 2005, the Rangers again struggled to find consistency amid controversy and injuries, notwithstanding that the team swept an entire homestand for the first time in its history. Frank Francisco and Carlos Almanzar, two key members of the bullpen, were sidelined for Tommy John surgery. Kenny Rogers, the team's ace pitcher, received a 20-game suspension from commissioner Bud Selig for attacking a cameraman at Ameriquest Field prior to a game. Management later placed opening day starter Ryan Drese on waivers, where he was claimed by the Washington Nationals. After Drese's release and Rogers' suspension, the Rangers' performance on the mound faltered, and a disastrous 1–12 August road trip all but sealed the squad's fate.

text: On October 4, 2005, the Rangers announced that John Hart would step down as general manager and that Jon Daniels was being promoted from assistant general manager to replace him. Daniels, at 28 years and one month, would become the youngest general manager in Major League history.

text: Daniels and the Rangers front office were very active in the 2005–06 offseason. Alfonso Soriano, who had often been mentioned in trade speculation, was finally dealt to the Nationals for outfielders Brad Wilkerson and Terrmel Sledge. The Rangers then began making moves to acquire pitching talent. The Rangers gained enigmatic starter Vicente Padilla from the Philadelphia Phillies in exchange for Ricardo Rodríguez and acquired San Diego Padres pitchers Adam Eaton and Akinori Otsuka in exchange for Chris Young, Adrian Gonzalez, and Sledge. Finally, they signed free agent starter Kevin Millwood to a five-year contract worth $60 million.

text: 2006: Building the brand[edit]

text: The Rangers 2006 season ended with a disappointing 80–82 record and a third-place finish in the West. Though the club showed strength in the early going, the team proved unable to keep pace with the surging Oakland Athletics in the second half and fell out of contention in September. To some extent the Rangers were the victims of bad luck, as their win-loss record was worse than their +51 run differential for the season would normally indicate. However, the element that the club continued to lack was a solid pitching staff, whose combined ERA ranked 9th in the A.L. at the season's end. The Rangers were represented in the 2006 All-Star game by center fielder Gary Matthews, Jr. and shortstop Michael Young, who was named the MVP for his game-winning two-run triple in the ninth inning.

text: Significant player moves in-season included a July 28 deal acquiring outfielders Carlos Lee and Nelson Cruz from the Milwaukee Brewers in exchange for Kevin Mench, Francisco Cordero, and Laynce Nix.

text: On October 4 after two attempts to replicate the success of the 2004 team, the Rangers dismissed Buck Showalter as manager with three years left on his contract. A month later, the team announced that Oakland Athletics third base coach Ron Washington had accepted their offer to manage the team.[5] A change at manager would be the first of several moves to strengthen the team in yet another busy off-season.

text: Gary Matthews, Jr., Mark DeRosa, Carlos Lee, and Adam Eaton all signed with other clubs as free agents. Vicente Padilla accepted a three-year, $33 million offer with an option for a fourth year at $12 million.[6] The Rangers also signed 1B/OF Frank Catalanotto to a multi-year deal. The Rangers later added reliever Éric Gagné and veteran outfielders Kenny Lofton and Sammy Sosa on short-term deals. In a sign that GM Jon Daniels was looking for results in 2007, the Rangers' top pitching prospect John Danks was traded to the Chicago White Sox along with reliever Nick Masset for 23-year-old starter Brandon McCarthy.[7] The Danks trade caused quite a stir amongst fans, many of which had followed the minor league careers of the highly touted "DVD" trio of pitchers that included Danks, Edinson Vólquez, and Thomas Diamond. All three pitchers would eventually reach the majors, with varying degrees of success, while McCarthy's career became marred by injury.

text: The Rangers previously negotiated a 30-year, $75 million stadium naming rights agreement with Ameriquest Mortgage Company in 2004, renaming the Ballpark "Ameriquest Field". Under the Ameriquest moniker, the Ballpark featured a replica of the Liberty Bell in the stands above the Diamond Club (representing Ameriquest's logo) that rang after home runs. In 2007, though, the Rangers announced the termination of the agreement with Ameriquest, and changed the name to Rangers Ballpark in Arlington. Club president Jeff Cogen cited that the team was more concerned about getting their name back on the ballpark than Ameriquest's public financial troubles. "It's all about the brand", Cogen said. The Rangers lost a reported $2.5 million per year from the lack of naming rights but regained advertising space given over to Ameriquest in the naming rights deal.[8] Regardless of Cogen's comments, Ameriquest dissolved within months after the naming rights were terminated, and the company ended most business operations in September 2007.

text: 2007–09: Financial troubles[edit]

text: Wikinews has related news: MLB: Rangers score 30 runs against Orioles in first game of doubleheader

text: The Rangers struggled offensively early in the season, despite playing in a notoriously hitter-friendly park. On June 20, Sammy Sosa hit his 600th career home run against the Chicago Cubs at the Rangers Ballpark in Arlington. Hank Blalock, the starting 3rd baseman who had been enjoying a good season, was placed on the 60-day disabled list on May 19 due to thoracic outlet syndrome, and Mark Teixeira followed him onto the disabled list on June 9 (for the first time in his career) with a strained left quadriceps muscle. With a record of 46–59 at the July 31 trade deadline, the team traded Mark Teixeira and Ron Mahay to the Atlanta Braves in a deal that would eventually bring 5 prospects to the Rangers organization, including four of Atlanta's top prospects Jarrod Saltalamacchia, Elvis Andrus, Matt Harrison, and Neftalí Feliz. The team also traded closer Éric Gagné to the Boston Red Sox for left-hander Kason Gabbard and Minor League outfielders David Murphy and Engel Beltre. These moves were the beginnings of a rebuilding project headed by Jon Daniels with a focus on the acquisition and development of young players. In the coming years, more club resources would be dedicated to improving the quality of the farm system and scouting departments, most notably in Latin America and the Far East. The objective of Daniels' plan was to field a legitimately competitive team by the 2010 season.

text: The 2007 season remains notable in the minds of baseball fans for two inexplicable oddities. On August 19 at the Metrodome, the Minnesota Twins logged 19 strikeouts against the Rangers, one short of the Major League record. Three days later, the 22nd, in the first game of a doubleheader at Oriole Park at Camden Yards, the Rangers' bats came alive with a modern record for runs by one team, defeating the Baltimore Orioles 30–3. Their 27-run margin of victory is also a modern-day MLB record. Wes Littleton gained probably the easiest save in Major League history – entering the game in the bottom of the seventh, with his team already ahead 14–3, he pitched three innings finishing the game, and gave up just two hits and a walk.

text: The Rangers began the 2008 season red hot, headlined by newcomer Josh Hamilton who looked to be a threat to win the Triple Crown, before fading off as the season wore on. During the All-Star festivities at Yankee Stadium, Hamilton crushed a first round home run record in the 2008 Home Run Derby with 28. Hamilton hit another four in the second round and three during the final round, for a total of 35 home runs, but lost to the Twins' Justin Morneau. Four Rangers played in the All Star Game: Josh Hamilton, Ian Kinsler, Milton Bradley, and Michael Young, who would repeat his 2006 All-Star Game feat by driving in the winning run via a sac fly.

text: The Rangers would finish the season with yet another sub-.500 record (79–83), yet ended the season second in the West, the club's best finish since 1999. The off-season saw perennial All-Star shortstop Michael Young ask for a trade when the team told him he would be moving to third base to make room for rookie Elvis Andrus.[9] After speaking with club president Nolan Ryan and his agent, Young later rescinded his trade request, and agreed to move to third base.[10] The offseason also saw the departure of mercurial outfielder/DH Milton Bradley to free agency.

text: The 2009 season saw the Rangers soar into playoff contention for the first time since 2004. Despite injuries to Josh Hamilton and Ian Kinsler, the Rangers held first place in their division for long stretches of the summer before fading after September 1, losing the division to the Los Angeles Angels. The Rangers finished the season at 87–75, their first winning season since 2004 and good enough for second place in the A.L. West. Michael Young responded to his move to third base by posting one of his best offensive seasons ever while committing just nine errors and earning a sixth straight All-Star appearance.[11] Josh Hamilton and Nelson Cruz were also named 2009 A.L. All-Stars. Several young stars with the club broke out including the debuts of highly rated rookies Elvis Andrus, Derek Holland, and Neftalí Feliz. Second baseman Ian Kinsler hit for the cycle in April, while having a 30–30 season in home runs and stolen bases. Starting pitcher Scott Feldman posted a fantastic season as well in 2009, finishing 3rd in the A.L in wins with 17.

text: New ownership[edit]

text: While the 2009 season was strong on the field, club owner Tom Hicks became the focus of several reports indicating serious financial problems with his holding group, Hicks Sports Group, which also owned the Dallas Stars, the Frisco Roughriders (the Rangers AA-farm club), 1/2 of Liverpool F.C. (sold in mid-October 2010 to New England Sports Ventures, owners of the Boston Red Sox), and the Mesquite Championship Rodeo (later sold by HSG). HSG was reported to have gone into default on a $525 million loan.[12]

text: In April 2009, Hicks announced he would be willing to sell a minority interest in the team. Only one month later, Hicks announced he would be willing to sell majority control of the Rangers.[13] In July 2009, it was reported that Hicks borrowed money from Major League Baseball to meet the team's payroll.[14] After the 2009 season, Hicks began scouting prospective buyers and in December, entered into exclusive negotiating rights for sale of the Rangers with a consortium headed by Pittsburgh sports lawyer Chuck Greenberg and Rangers team president Nolan Ryan.

text: On January 22, 2010, Hicks Sports Group officially reached a formal agreement to sell the Texas Rangers to the group headed by Greenberg and Ryan (later called Rangers Baseball Express) for approximately $570 million.[15] Under the provisions of the deal, former owner Hicks stayed on as a limited minority partner, but was not allowed to retain a seat on the board of governors. Co-lead investors Dallas businessmen Ray Davis, and Ft. Worth Bob R. Simpson were named co-chairmen.[15] Hicks also sold much of the land surrounding Rangers Ballpark to Rangers Baseball Express in a separate deal.

text: The deal was subject to approval by the other MLB owners (a 3/4 vote is required) and completed by April 1. However, one of HSG's principal lenders (Monarch Alternative Capital) opposed the sale on grounds that the proceeds would not fully repay the defaulted HSG notes.[16] On April 21, Major League Baseball issued a statement declaring the Rangers' sale to be under the control of the Commissioner to expedite the process.[17][18] Because of public comments made by Hicks deemed detrimental to the process, MLB also stripped Hicks of any responsibility regarding the sale of the team.[19] On May 13, MLB threatened to seize control of the rest of the team's operations if a deal was not completed by the deadline set by the Commissioner.[20]

text: As the stalemate between HSG and its creditors continued, on May 24, 2010 the Texas Rangers filed for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy.[21][22] As of that date, the Rangers and HSG had an estimated debt of $575 million.[22] Much of the unsecured debt was owed in back salary. Officially, New York Yankees third baseman Alex Rodriguez topped the list of unsecured creditors with an estimated $24.9 million owed by the Rangers.[22] Additionally, the Rangers also owed Baltimore Orioles pitcher Kevin Millwood $12.9 million, and current Rangers third baseman Michael Young $3.9 million.[22] At a press conference, the Greenberg-Ryan group proposed to buy the team for $575 million.[22] The sale would repay all the team's creditors, including players owed back salary.[22]

text: After several attempts to resolve the deal fell through, the bankruptcy court ordered a public auction to be held on August 4. The Greenberg/Ryan bid would be the opening bid, and other offers (subject to MLB approval) would have to be submitted by the prior day in order to be considered. At the auction, only one other MLB-approved group submitted an offer – Radical Baseball LLC, a group formed by Houston businessman Jim Crane (who was previously unsuccessful in buying the Houston Astros) and Dallas Mavericks owner Mark Cuban (who was previously unsuccessful in buying the Chicago Cubs). The auction lasted until the early morning of August 5, with the winning bid submitted by Greenberg/Ryan. The bankruptcy court approved the bid later that morning and the bankruptcy case closed. The sale to the Greenberg/Ryan was approved by all 30 MLB owners at the owners meeting in Minneapolis on Thursday August 12.

text: "I'll be the managing partner and CEO. If you like what's going on or you don't like what's going on, I take responsibility for that. When it comes to baseball, I'm not going to interject my opinions. If Nolan and [Jon Daniels] want to discuss something with me, they can, but I have complete faith and trust in the decisions that they make. I'll be as involved as they wish me to be, but with complete faith and confidence in them. What I'm going to focus on, particularly since the baseball side is in great shape, is the business side. How do we connect with the community? How do we create a higher tempo of energy in the front office? How can we do a better job of filling the stands and make an impact on people's lives? If we succeed on the business side and continue on path on the baseball side and combine it with a dynamic market like this is, we can be and should be one of the powerhouse franchises in baseball.[23] "

text: The new ownership group, which included Chuck Greenberg and Nolan Ryan, was called Rangers Baseball Express, LLC and had Greenberg serving as managing general partner and Ryan as club president.[24] Again, co-lead investors Ray Davis and Bob R. Simpson were named co-chairmen.[25] In March 2011, Greenberg resigned as Chief Executive and Managing General Partner and sold his interest in the club following a "falling out" with his partners.[26] Following Greenberg's resignation, Ryan was named Chief Executive Officer in addition to his continuing role as team President.[25] Ryan was subsequently designated the controlling owner of the club by a unanimous vote of the 30 owners of Major League Baseball on May 12, 2011.[26] Co-Chairmen Simpson and Davis stated they would not be involved in day-to-day operations.[27]

text: 2010–present: Rise to contention[edit]

text: First pennant: 2010[edit]

text: Offseason moves made by the Rangers sent Kevin Millwood to the Baltimore Orioles and acquired free agents Rich Harden, Colby Lewis, and Vladimir Guerrero. With the new influx of talent and success in 2009, the Rangers entered the season with expecting to compete for the division and achieve the front office's goals of 2007. During the offseason, Texas Rangers' team President Nolan Ryan spoke about the Rangers' chances in the upcoming season by saying,

text:
“
My expectations today are that we're going to be extremely competitive and if we don't win our division, I'll be disappointed.
”

— Nolan Ryan, ESPNDallas.com: January 26, 2010.[28]

text: After stumbling out of the gates with a sub-.500 start in April, the Rangers took the division lead with a franchise-best month of June, going 21–6. The Rangers would never relinquish first place after an 11-game winning streak. On July 9, the club dealt one of its top prospects, Justin Smoak, with two other minor leaguers to the Seattle Mariners for former Cy Young Award winner Cliff Lee and Mark Lowe. The Rangers also made moves to acquire veterans Bengie Molina, Jorge Cantú, Cristian Guzmán, and Jeff Francoeur. In the 2010 All-Star Game, the team was represented by Lee, Guerrero, Ian Kinsler, Josh Hamilton, Elvis Andrus, and Neftalí Feliz. After the All-Star Game, came the debut of the claw and antler hand gestures, which gained much popularity, especially after the release of various apparel and souvenir options for the fans. Foam claws and helmets with deer antlers became quite commonplace in the ballpark as the Rangers played further into the fall. The Rangers won the A.L. West on September 25, advancing to the postseason for the first time since 1999.[29]

text: 2010 postseason[edit]

text: After winning the AL West with a 90–72 record, the Rangers entered the playoffs for the first time since 1999, and faced the Tampa Bay Rays for the first round, which ultimately resulted in a 3–2 series victory and marked the first postseason series victory in the 50-year history of the Rangers/Washington Senators franchise. Facing the Rangers in the American League Championship Series were the defending World Champion New York Yankees, the team the Rangers failed against three separate times in the 1990s. In the playoffs, the Rangers record against the Yankees was 1–9. In a 6-game series, the Texas Rangers came out victorious, winning the first Pennant in franchise history in front of an ecstatic home crowd.[30] Josh Hamilton was awarded ALCS MVP after setting a series record for intentional walks. The Texas Rangers faced the San Francisco Giants in the 2010 World Series. The Rangers offense struggled against the Giants' young pitching and eventually lost the Series 4–1, the lone win coming in Arlington on October 30. For the first time, the Rangers ended their season in the month of November.

text: 2011: Repeat AL champions[edit]

text: The Rangers successfully defended their AL West Division title in 2011, making the club's second straight division title and postseason appearance and fifth division title and postseason appearance overall. The Rangers set records for best record (96-66 with a .592 winning percentage) and home attendance (2,946,949). On October 15, they went back to the World Series, beating the Detroit Tigers 15-5 in Game 6 of the ALCS.[31] The series featured Nelson Cruz hitting six home runs, the most home runs by one player in a playoff series in MLB history. In game two, Cruz also became the first player in postseason history to win a game with a walk-off grand slam as the Rangers defeated the Tigers 7-3 in 11 innings. However, they would proceed to lose the World Series in seven games.

text: 2012: Staff changes[edit]

text: The Rangers did a lot of retooling in the 2011–2012 off season. Staff ace C. J. Wilson left the team to join the division rival Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. The Angels also upgraded their offense with the signing of Albert Pujols, causing more parity within the division. The Rangers responded by signing Yu Darvish of the Nippon Ham Fighters of the Central League in Nippon Professional Baseball of Japan. The team also converted closer Neftalí Feliz to a starting pitcher upon signing Joe Nathan to take over closing duties in the bullpen. The Rangers would not repeat as AL West champions, but would qualify for the postseason as the top wild card team in the AL. They would lose the wild game to the Orioles.

text: 2013-14: Missed postseasons[edit]

text: In 2013, the Rangers finished 91–71, which tied them with Tampa Bay for the final wild card position. The Rangers would lose the tie-breaker game to the Rays 5–2. In 2014, the Rangers slumped to their first losing season since 2008. Late in the season, manager Ron Washington resigned, citing personal reasons.

text: 2015-16: Back-to-back AL West champions[edit]

text: In 2015, under new manager Jeff Banister, the Rangers overcame a slow start to win the AL West. The club was aided by the trade deadline acquisition of pitcher Cole Hamels. On the last day of the regular season, Hamels would pitch a complete game in a victory over the Angels that clinched the division for the Rangers. In the Division Series against the Toronto Blue Jays, the Rangers would win the first two games in Toronto, but then lose three straight to end their season.

text: In 2016, the Rangers repeated as AL West champions with the best record in the AL. They would face the Blue Jays again in the ALDS. This time, the Blue Jays swept the series.