document_title: I Am Number Four (film)

question_text: who plays the bad guy in i am number 4

question_tokens: who plays the bad guy in i am number 4

text: I Am Number Four (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: John Smith is an alien from the planet Lorien. He was sent to Earth as a child with eight others to escape the invading Mogadorians, who destroyed Lorien. Here, John is protected by a Guardian, Henri, and has developed powers, including enhanced strength, speed and agility, as well as seven other powers he will develop later in life, known as legacies. He is protected by a Loric charm which protects him from all Mogadorian harm as long as he is hurt out of order. He can only be hurt after the first three loriens are killed in order.

text: The Mogadorians, led by the Commander, learn about the nine children and come to Earth to find them. The Lorien can only be killed in sequence; Number One through Number Nine. Three of them are already dead, with John being Number Four. Knowing this, he and Henri move from a beachside bungalow in Florida to an old farm in Paradise, Ohio, where John befriends conspiracy theorist Sam Goode and a dog which he names after Bernie Kosar. He also falls for an amateur photographer, Sarah Hart. Her ex-boyfriend, football player Mark James is a bully who torments both John and Sam.

text: During the Halloween Festival, Mark and his friends chase Sarah and John into the woods, where they try to beat John up. However, he uses his powers to fend them off and rescue Sarah. Sam witnesses this, which forces John to reveal his true origins. The next day, Mark's father, the local sheriff, interrogates Henri on John's whereabouts when his son and his friends were attacked.

text: Henri tells John that too many people are suspicious of them so they have to leave. John refuses because of Sarah. Meanwhile, the Mogadorians continue searching for John, while being trailed by another Garde, Number Six, who is also trying to locate Number Four. Number Six's guardian was killed, and she realizes that the remaining six of the Garde will have to team up and fight against the Mogadorians. She knows Number Three is dead and that Number Four is being hunted.

text: The Mogadorians eventually locate John and manipulate two conspiracy theorists into capturing Henri. When John and Sam go to rescue him, they are attacked but manage to fend the Mogadorians off. However, Henri dies after John and Sam escape with some Lorien artefacts, including a blue rock that acts as a tracking device for other Garde. Sam's father, a conspiracy theorist who disappeared while hunting aliens in Mexico, had another of the rocks. While Sam searches for it, John tries to say goodbye to Sarah at a party, only to discover that the Mogadorians have framed him and Henri for the murders of the conspiracy theorists. Mark sees John and calls his father, who corners John and Sarah. John saves Sarah from a fall, revealing his powers in the process, and they escape to their high school.

text: Meanwhile, The Commander arrives in Paradise, in a convoy of trucks. He is confronted by Mark and his father, and after injuring the sheriff, he forces Mark to show him where John is hiding. Mark takes him to the school, which he knows is Sarah's hideout.

text: There, John, Sarah, and Sam are attacked by the Mogadorians, who brought two Piken to hunt the trio. They are saved by Number Six and Bernie, who is actually a shapeshifting Chimera sent by John's biological parents to protect him. John and Number Six, who can turn invisible and can block energy attacks, continue to fight the Mogadorians. They eventually defeat them all, including the Commander.

text: The following day, John and Number Six unite their blue rocks and discover the location of the other four surviving Garde. John decides to let Sam come with them in hopes of finding Sam's father. They set off to find the others so they can all protect Earth from the Mogadorians, leaving Sarah and a repentant Mark, who lies to his father about John's whereabouts, telling him to head west since he told his father he was heading east, and returns a magic box left to John by his Dad that Henri hid that was in police evidence. John thanks Mark and promises Sarah that he will come back to Paradise to find her. While they share their goodbye kiss a hurt and slightly agitated Mark is shown, before shakes his head before waving and putting a fake smile. The video ends with John, Sam, Bernie and Number 6 driving out towards the sunset smiling and vowing to protect their new home, Earth.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Alex Pettyfer as John Smith / Number Four
Timothy Olyphant as Henri
Teresa Palmer as Number Six
Dianna Agron as Sarah Hart
Callan McAuliffe as Sam Goode
Kevin Durand as Mogadorian Commander
Jake Abel as Mark James
Jeff Hochendoner as Sheriff James
Patrick Sebes as Kevin
Greg Townley as Number Three
Reuben Langdon as Number Three's Guardian
Emily Wickersham as Nicole
Brian Howe as Frank
Andy Owen as Bret
Charles Carroll as Sam's stepfather
Garrett M. Brown as Mr. Simms
Cooper Thornton as Mr. Hart
Judith Hoag as Mrs. Hart
Beau Mirchoff as Drew
Tucker Albrizzi (uncredited) as Tuck

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The film was produced by DreamWorks and Reliance Entertainment.[7] Film producer and director Michael Bay brought the manuscript of the young adult novel I Am Number Four to Stacey Snider and Steven Spielberg at DreamWorks. A bidding war developed for the film rights between DreamWorks and J.J. Abrams, with DreamWorks winning the rights in June 2009, with the intention of having Bay produce and possibly direct the project.[8][9] The rights were purchased with the hope of attracting teenage fans of The Twilight Saga films,[10] and the potential of establishing a film franchise, with at least six more installments planned by the book's publisher.[11]

text: Al Gough and Miles Millar, the creators of the television series Smallville, were hired to write the screenplay in August 2009.[12] Marti Noxon, writer and producer for the television series Buffy the Vampire Slayer, also contributed to the screenplay. D. J. Caruso was brought on to direct in early 2010, after Bay opted to focus on directing the third film of the Transformers series. Caruso had been selected by Spielberg to direct Disturbia and Eagle Eye for DreamWorks, and had success with both films.[13] Caruso had less than a year to prepare, shoot and edit the film, due to a worldwide release date set for Presidents Day weekend.[11]

text: Chris Bender, J.C. Spink, and David Valdes executive produced the film.[14] Steven Spielberg contributed to the film's characters, but did  not take a credit on the film.[13] It was the first DreamWorks film to be released by Disney's Touchstone Pictures label, as part of the 30-picture distribution deal between DreamWorks and Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures.[15] The film was also the first release for DreamWorks after the studio's financial restructuring in 2008.[13]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In March 2010, Alex Pettyfer was in talks to play the title character in the film, Number Four.[16] It was later confirmed that the 21-year-old British actor would play the lead.[17] Sharlto Copley was going to star as Henri, Number Four's guardian and mentor, but had to drop out due to press obligations with his film The A-Team. Copley was replaced by Timothy Olyphant.[18] Kevin Durand plays the villain of the film, Commander, the Mogadorian who leads the hunt for the Loriens on Earth.[19]

text: DreamWorks went through multiple rounds of tests to find the right actress for the female romantic lead. Dianna Agron, a star in the Fox television series Glee, won the role. She plays Sarah Hart, a girl who used to date a high school football player, but falls for Number Four and keeps his secret.[20] Jake Abel plays the football player, Mark James, an antagonist in the film.[21] Teresa Palmer plays the other Loric, Number Six, and 16-year-old Australian actor Callan McAuliffe plays Sam Goode, Number Four's best friend.[22]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on May 17, 2010, using 20 locations all within the Pittsburgh metropolitan area.[23][24] DreamWorks selected the area primarily due to tax incentives from the Pennsylvania Film Production Tax Credit.[14] The film studio also had a positive experience shooting She's Out of My League in Pittsburgh in 2008. The production was scheduled to last 12 to 13 weeks.[25]

text: Cinematographer Guillermo Navarro shot the film on 35 mm, using a format known as Super 1:85.[26] Beaver, the former Conley Inn in Homewood, and nearby Buttermilk Falls were used as locations in the film; interior and exterior scenes were shot near a boat launch in Monaca.[27] A spring fair scene was filmed in Deer Lakes Park in West Deer; Port Vue, North Park, New Kensington and Hyde Park were also used as locations.[14][24][28] The setting of the film's fictional town of Paradise, Ohio is Vandergrift, Pennsylvania, where filming took place from June to July 2010.[29] Producers chose Vandergrift as the "hero town" of the film because of its unique look and curved streets, laid out by Frederick Law Olmsted, the designer of New York City's Central Park.[24]

text: Franklin Regional High School in Murrysville was chosen over 50 other schools in the area, due to its proximity to nearby woods, a part of the film's plot, and its surrounding hills. The school was also selected for its one floor layout, wide hallways, and its football stadium in front.[14][30] Teachers and recent graduates appear in the film, and a set that replicates the school was built in a studio in Monroeville for filming explosion scenes.[31] In the last few weeks of production, scenes were filmed at the 200-year-old St. John's Lutheran Stone Church in Lancaster Township.[32] Additional filming took place in the Florida Keys in the beginning of the film in Big Pine Key, Florida as well as the spanning of the drive over the bridge showcases the keys 7 mile bridge.[33]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: I Am Number Four was edited by Jim Page, with Industrial Light & Magic developing the visual effects for the alien Pikens.[34] The film was scored by former Yes guitarist Trevor Rabin.[35]

text: Release[edit]

text: A teaser trailer for the film was issued in late September 2010,[36] and a full-length trailer premiered on December 8.[37] Advertisements ran in Seventeen and Teen Vogue magazines, Disney released a promotional iPhone app in January 2011.[9] Disney also developed a lot of Internet content to target a teen audience with their marketing campaign.[11]  A cast tour, in association with American retailer Hot Topic, and cast media appearances were scheduled to lead up to the release of the film.[9]

text: I Am Number Four premiered at the Village Theatre in Los Angeles on February 9, 2011. The film was released in theaters on February 18, 2011, and was also released in the IMAX format.[6][37]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray, DVD, and digital download on May 24, 2011.[38][39]   The release was produced in three different packages: a three-disc Blu-ray, DVD, and "Digital Copy" combo pack, a single-disc Blu-ray, and a single-disc DVD.[40][41] The "Digital Copy" included with the 3-disc version is a stand-alone disc that allows users to play the film from any location via iTunes or Windows Media Player. All releases include bloopers and the "Becoming Number 6" featurette, while the single-disc Blu-ray and three-disc Blu-ray, DVD, and "Digital Copy" combo pack versions additionally include six deleted scenes with an introduction from the director.[40][42] In its first three weeks of release, 316,081 Blu-ray units were sold in the US, bringing in $7,693,808.  As of October 2, 2011, the standard DVD of 'I am Number Four' has sold 767,692 copies in the United States, generating $12,571,326, and thus bringing the total gross to $166,247,931.[43]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reports a 33% approval rating and an average rating of 4.8/10 based on 158 reviews. The website's consensus reads, "It's positioned as the start of a franchise, but I Am Number Four's familiar plot and unconvincing performances add up to one noisy, derivative, and ultimately forgettable sci-fi thriller."[44] Metacritic gives the film an average score of 36 out of 100 based on reviews from 30 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[45] Empire Magazine gave the film three out of a possible five stars and said, "If you can make it through the bland schmaltz of the first half you'll be rewarded with a spectacular blast of sustained action and the promise of even better to come. This could be the start of something great."[46]

text: Box Office[edit]

text: I Am Number Four grossed $55,100,437 at the North American box office and $90,778,000 overseas, for a worldwide total of $149,878,437.[5] It topped the worldwide box office on its second weekend (February 25–27, 2011) with $28,086,805.[47][48]

text: The film opened at number two in the United States and Canada with a gross of $19,449,893. In its second weekend, it dropped 43.4%, earning $11,016,126.[5] The only other market where it has grossed over $10 million is China. It began in third place with $3.4 million, but had an increase of 91% in its second week, topping the box office with $6.4 million. In its third week, it decreased by 21% to $5.0 million. As of March 27, 2011, it has grossed $17,328,244.[49]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"Radioactive" - Kings of Leon
"Tighten Up" - The Black Keys
"Rolling in the Deep" - Adele
"Somebody's Watching Me" - Rockwell
"Shelter" - The xx
"Soldier On" - The Temper Trap
"Invented" - Jimmy Eat World
"Curfew" - Beck
"As She's Walking Away" - Zac Brown Band (ft. Alan Jackson)
"Letters from the Sky" - Civil Twilight

tag: ol

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In 2011, screenwriter Noxon told Collider.com that plans for an imminent sequel were shelved due to the disappointing performance of the first installment at the box office.[51][52]

text: In 2013, director Caruso was asked if there are any possibilities that The Power of Six will get a movie adaption, he replied: "There's been some talk in the past couple of months about trying to do something because there is this audience appetite out there [...]. Most of the people on Twitter that contact me from all over the world ask, "Where's the next movie?" I think DreamWorks is getting those too so it'll be interesting. I don't know if I'd be involved, but I know they're talking about it."[53]

text: In a 2015 interview, James Frey, the co-author of the series, said that he hoped more movies would be made.[citation needed]


document_title: Christian

question_text: where does the word christian come from in the bible

root

text: Christian

text: Etymology

text: The Greek word Χριστιανός (Christianos), meaning "follower of Christ", comes from Χριστός (Christos), meaning "anointed one",[11] with an adjectival ending borrowed from Latin to denote adhering to, or even belonging to, as in slave ownership.[12] In the Greek Septuagint, christos was used to translate the Hebrew מָשִׁיחַ (Mašíaḥ, messiah), meaning "[one who is] anointed."[13] In other European languages, equivalent words to Christian are likewise derived from the Greek, such as Chrétien in French and Cristiano in Spanish.

tag: p

text: Early usage

text: The first recorded use of the term (or its cognates in other languages) is in the New Testament, in Acts 11:26,[14] after Barnabas brought Saul (Paul) to Antioch where they taught the disciples for about a year, the text says: "[...] the disciples were called Christians first in Antioch." The second mention of the term follows in Acts 26:28,[15] where Herod Agrippa II replied to Paul the Apostle, "Then Agrippa said unto Paul, Almost thou persuadest me to be a Christian." The third and final New Testament reference to the term is in 1 Peter 4:16, which exhorts believers: "Yet if [any man suffer] as a Christian, let him not be ashamed; but let him glorify God on this behalf."[16]

text: Kenneth Samuel Wuest holds that all three original New Testament verses' usages reflect a derisive element in the term Christian to refer to followers of Christ who did not acknowledge the emperor of Rome.[17] The city of Antioch, where someone gave them the name Christians, had a reputation for coming up with such nicknames.[18] However Peter's apparent endorsement of the term led to its being preferred over "Nazarenes" and the term Christianoi from 1 Peter becomes the standard term in the Early Church Fathers from Ignatius and Polycarp onwards.[19]

text: The earliest occurrences of the term in non-Christian literature include Josephus, referring to "the tribe of Christians, so named from him;"[20] Pliny the Younger in correspondence with Trajan; and Tacitus, writing near the end of the 1st century. In the Annals he relates that "by vulgar appellation [they were] commonly called Christians"[21] and identifies Christians as Nero's scapegoats for the Great Fire of Rome.[22]

text: Nazarenes

text: Another term for Christians which appears in the New Testament is "Nazarenes". Jesus is named as a Nazarene in Math 2:23, while Saul-Paul is said to be Nazarene in Acts 24:5. The latter verse makes it clear that Nazarene also referred to the name of a sect or heresy, as well as the town called Nazareth.

text: The term Nazarene was also used by the Jewish lawyer Tertullus (Against Marcion 4:8) which records that "the Jews call us Nazarenes." While around 331 AD Eusebius records that Christ was called a Nazoraean from the name Nazareth, and that in earlier centuries "Christians," were once called "Nazarenes."[23] The Hebrew equivalent of "Nazarenes", Notzrim, occurs in the Babylonian Talmud, and is still the modern Israeli Hebrew term for Christian.

text: Modern usage

text: Definition

text: A wide range of beliefs and practices is found across the world among those who call themselves Christian. Denominations and sects disagree on a common definition of "Christianity". For example, Timothy Beal notes the disparity of beliefs among those who identify as Christians in the United States as follows:

text: Although all of them have their historical roots in Christian theology and tradition, and although most would identify themselves as Christian, many would not identify others within the larger category as Christian. Most Baptists and fundamentalists (Christian Fundamentalism), for example, would not acknowledge Mormonism or Christian Science as Christian. In fact, the nearly 77 percent of Americans who self-identify as Christian are a diverse pluribus of Christianities that are far from any collective unity.[24]

text: Linda Woodhead attempts to provide a common belief thread for Christians by noting that "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance."[8] Philosopher Michael Martin, in his book The Case Against Christianity, evaluated three historical Christian creeds (the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed) to establish a set of basic assumptions which include belief in theism, the historicity of Jesus, the Incarnation, salvation through faith in Jesus, and Jesus as an ethical role model.[25]

text: Hebrew terms

text: The identification of Jesus as the Messiah is not accepted by Judaism. The term for a Christian in Hebrew is נוֹצְרִי (Notzri—"Nazarene"), a Talmudic term originally derived from the fact that Jesus came from the Galilean village of Nazareth, today in northern Israel.[26] Adherents of Messianic Judaism are referred to in modern Hebrew as יְהוּדִים מְשִׁיחִיִּים (Yehudim Meshihi'im—"Messianic Jews").

text: Arabic terms

text: In Arabic-speaking cultures, two words are commonly used for Christians: Naṣrānī (نصراني), plural Naṣārā (نصارى) is generally understood to be derived from Nazareth through the Syriac (Aramaic); Masīḥī (مسيحي) means followers of the Messiah.[27] The term Nasara rose to prominence in July 2014, after the Fall of Mosul to the terrorist organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant. The nun or ن— the first letter of Nasara—was spray-painted on the property of Christians ejected from the city.[28]

text: Where there is a distinction, Nasrani refers to people from a Christian culture and Masihi is used by Christians themselves for those with a religious faith in Jesus.[29] In some countries Nasrani tends to be used generically for non-Muslim Western foreigners, e.g. "blond people."[30]

text: Another Arabic word sometimes used for Christians, particularly in a political context, is Ṣalībī (صليبي "Crusader") from ṣalīb (صليب "cross") which refers to Crusaders and has negative connotations.[27][31] However, Ṣalībī is a modern term; historically, Muslim writers described European Christian Crusaders as al-Faranj or Alfranj (الفرنج) and Firinjīyah (الفرنجيّة) in Arabic.[32] This word comes from the name of the Franks and can be seen in the Arab history text Al-Kamil fi al-Tarikh by Ali ibn al-Athir.[33][34]

text: Asian terms

text: The most common Persian word is Masīhī (مسیحی), from Arabic. Other words are Nasrānī (نصرانی), from Syriac for "Nazarene", and Tarsā (ترسا), from Middle Persian word Tarsāg, also meaning "Christian", derived from tars, meaning "fear, respect".[35]

text: The Syriac term Nasrani (Nazarene) has also been attached to the Saint Thomas Christians of Kerala, India. In the Indian subcontinent, Christians call themselves Isaai (Hindi: ईसाई, Urdu: عیسائی), and are also known by this term to adherents of other religions.[36] This is related to the name they call Jesus, 'Isa Masih, and literally means 'the followers of 'Isa'.

text: In the past, the Malays used to call the Portuguese Serani from the Arabic Nasrani, but the term now refers to the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia.

text: The Chinese word is 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú), literally "Christ follower." The two characters now pronounced Jīdū in Mandarin Chinese, were originally pronounced Jīdū (基督)[37] in Cantonese as representation of Latin "Christus".[38][39] In Vietnam, the same two characters read Cơ đốc, and a "follower of Christianity" is a tín đồ Cơ đốc giáo.

text: In Japan, the term kirishitan (written in Edo period documents 吉利支丹, 切支丹, and in modern Japanese histories as キリシタン), from Portuguese cristão, referred to Roman Catholics in the 16th and 17th centuries before the religion was banned by the Tokugawa shogunate. Today, Christians are referred to in Standard Japanese as キリスト教徒, Kirisuto-kyōto or the English-derived term クリスチャン kurisuchan.

text: Korean still uses 기독교도, Kidok-kyo-do for "Christian", though the Greek form Kurisudo 그리스도 has now replaced the old Sino-Korean Kidok, which refers to Christ himself.

text: In Thailand, the most common terms are คนคริสต์ (khon khrit) or ชาวคริสต์ (chao khrit) which literally mean "Christ person/people" or "Jesus person/people." The Thai word คริสต์ (khrit) is derived from "Christ."

text: Russian terms

text: The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the former Soviet bloc) has a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called Scythia, the geographical area of Scythians - Christians already lived there.[40] Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially Armenia (301 AD) and Georgia (337 AD), later Bulgaria (c. 864) and the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: Великое княжество Русское, c. 988 AD).

text: In some areas, people of that time[when?] came to denote themselves as Christians (Russian: христиане, крестьяне) and as Russians (Russian: русские). Both terms had strong Christian connotations.[citation needed] It is also interesting that in time the Russian term "крестьяне" (khrest'yanye) acquired the meaning "peasants of Christian faith" and later "peasants" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term "христиане" (khristianye) retained its religious meaning and the term "русские" (russkiye) began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region the term "Pravoslav faith" (Russian: православная вера - Orthodox faith) or "Russian faith" (Russian: русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original "Christian faith" (христианская, крестьянская вера).[citation needed] Also in some contexts the term "cossack" (Russian: козак, казак - "free man" by the will of God[citation needed]) was used[by whom?] to denote "free" Christians of steppe origin and Russian language.

text: Other non-religious usages

text: Nominally "Christian" societies made "Christian" a default label for citizenship or for "people like us".[41] In this context, religious or ethnic minorities can use "Christians" or "you Christians" loosely as a shorthand term for mainstream members of society who do not belong to "our" group - even in a thoroughly secular (though formerly Christian) society.[42]

text: Demographics

text: As of the early 21st century, Christianity has approximately 2.4 billion adherents.[43][44][45] The faith represents about a third of the world's population and is the largest religion in the world. Christians have composed about 33 percent of the world's population for around 100 years. The largest Christian denomination is the Roman Catholic Church, with 1.17 billion adherents, representing half of all Christians.[46]

text: Christianity remains the dominant religion in the Western World, where 70% are Christians.[2] According to 2012 Pew Research Center survey if current trends continue, Christianity will remains the world's largest religion by year 2050. By 2050, the Christian population is expected to exceed 3 billion. While Muslims have an average of 3.1 children per woman—the highest rate of all religious groups. Christians are second, with 2.7 children per woman. High birth rates and conversion were cited as the reason for the Christian population growths. A 2015 study found that approximately 10.2 million Muslim converted to Christianity.[47] Christianity is growing in Africa,[48][49] Asia,[49][50] Latin America,[51] Muslim world,[52] and Oceania.

text:
Christians (self-described) by region
(Pew Research Center, 2011)[53][54][55]

Region
Christians
% Christian

Europe
558,260,000
75.2

Latin America–Caribbean
531,280,000
90.0

Sub-Saharan Africa
517,340,000
62.9

Asia Pacific
286,950,000
7.1

North America
266,630,000
77.4

Middle East–North Africa
12,710,000
3.7

World
2,173,180,000
31.5

tag: table

text: Socioeconomics

text: According to a study from 2015, Christians hold the largest amount of wealth (55% of the total world wealth), followed by Muslims (5.8%), Hindus (3.3%) and Jews (1.1%). According to the same study it was found that adherents under the classification Irreligion or other religions hold about 34.8% of the total global wealth.[56] A study done by the nonpartisan wealth research firm New World Wealth found that 56.2% of the 13.1 million millionaires in the world were Christians.[57]

text: A Pew Center study about religion and education around the world in 2016, found that Christians ranked as the second most educated religious group around in the world after Jews with an average of 9.3 years of schooling,[58] and the highest of years of schooling among Christians found in Germany (13.6),[58] New Zealand (13.5)[58] and Estonia (13.1).[58] Christians were also found to have the second highest number of graduate and post-graduate degrees per capita while in absolute numbers ranked in the first place (220 million).[58] Between the various Christian communities, Singapore outranks other nations in terms of Christians who obtain a university degree in institutions of higher education (67%),[58] followed by the Christians of Israel (63%),[59] and the Christians of Georgia (57%).[58]

text: According to the study, Christians in North America, Europe, Middle East, North Africa and Asia Pacific regions are highly educated since many of the world universities were built by the historic Christian Churches,[58] in addition to the historical evidence that "Christian monks built libraries and, in the days before printing presses, preserved important earlier writings produced in Latin, Greek and Arabic".[58] According to the same study, Christians have a significant amount of gender equality in educational attainment,[58] and the study suggests that one of the reasons is the encouragement of the Protestant Reformers in promoting the education of women, which led to the eradication of illiteracy among females in Protestant communities.[58]

text: Notable individuals


document_title: Threat Level Midnight

question_text: who does the voice over in threat level midnight

text: Threat Level Midnight

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Michael Scott (Steve Carell) screens his action film Threat Level Midnight to the office after ten years of writing, shooting, re-shooting and editing. The film's characters are played by people who have either worked at the Dunder Mifflin Scranton branch in the past decade, or those whom Michael has interacted with in the last few years.

text: The plot for the movie is as follows. After secret agent Michael Scarn (played by Scott) is forced into retirement due to the death of his wife Catherine Zeta-Scarn, the President of the United States of America (played by Darryl Philbin) requests that he prevent Goldenface (played by Jim Halpert) from blowing up the NHL All-Star Game and killing several hostages. Scarn goes undercover and learns how to play hockey, killing another hockey player (played by Oscar Martinez) to make it into the game, but after confronting Goldenface, he is shot. He later recuperates but learns that the President was in on it all along, leaking footage of Scarn killing the hockey player. Guilt-ridden, he goes to a bar to drown his sorrows. The patrons of the bar sing a song called "The Scarn" and do an accompanying dance, which cheers Scarn up immensely. With his courage restored, Scarn is able to save the day and blow up Goldenface in the process.

text: Michael had shown the office a "work in progress" cut of the film years ago, but the employees all mistook it for a comedy, and Michael was so offended by their laughing that he shut down the screening. Everyone is very eager to see Michael's film, albeit only because they all appear in it, and Pam Halpert (Jenna Fischer) warns everyone to be mindful of how sensitive Michael is and not laugh. However, Pam is unable to keep herself from crying out in horror when she sees her mother cast in the film as a scantily clad nurse, and Jim (John Krasinski) fails to fully suppress his laughter at "The Scarn" scene, so Michael angrily stops the movie and takes it away. Michael asks Holly Flax (Amy Ryan) what she thought and she does not seem impressed. Michael gets angry at her because he considers the film his "dream", and he then offers the rest of the office the opportunity to finish seeing the film, which they happily accept. While watching, Michael begins noting how the film is not really very good; he steps outside and tells Holly that it is a bad film but also one that people are having fun watching. They sit down and laugh with the rest of the office through the film's conclusion.

text: Production[edit]

text: Writing and casting[edit]

text: This episode was written by executive producer B. J. Novak, who also portrays Ryan Howard on the show. It was directed by Tucker Gates, his fourth directing credit of the series. Michael's screenplay for Threat Level Midnight was the subplot for second season episode "The Client", and had subsequently been referenced to in "Email Surveillance", "Product Recall", "Money", "Dinner Party", and "Prince Family Paper". The idea for the episode came from series' star Steve Carell, who was leaving the show at the end of the season.[3] He said that he enjoyed the idea behind the "Threat Level Midnight" script and wanted to do a story centered on it.[1]

text: Several former recurring and minor characters make reappearances. Rashida Jones, who portrayed Karen Fillipelli, noted that it felt like "a time warp" to be asked to appear on the show.[1] Jan Levinson, Michael's former boss and lover played by Melora Hardin, reappeared in the "Jan-as-diva" mode.[1] Tony Gardner, portrayed by Mike Bruner, cameos as a pianist. Novak rationalized that, despite Gardner being fired on his first day, the character might have appeared in the movie because he was "intrigued" and "flattered" that Michael—after apologizing "profusely"—asked him, or that he might have been "lonely".[1]

text: Andy Buckley, who portrayed David Wallace, former CFO of Dunder Mifflin, was originally billed as a guest star for this episode and his character was supposed to have a part in Michael's movie. When NBC first aired the episode, Wallace's scenes were not shown. It was revealed by Novak that, in the script, Wallace was Michael's first choice as Goldenface, but turned it down because "it wouldn't look good to people at Corporate".[1] Furthermore, Buckley filmed a talking head interview, which had his character exclaiming his regret in not taking the role. This scene was deleted due to time constraints. The scene does not appear on the Season 7 DVD. The script also had a scene that brought back Amy Adams' character Katy, but it was cut because Adams was working on a movie during the time this episode was filmed. Ellie Kemper, who portrays Erin Hannon on the series, did not appear in the movie; Novak reasoned that Michael had finished his filming long before she arrived at the office, and had spent the remaining years "editing and procrastinating".[1]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Writer Novak cites the episode as the "most conceptually ambitious" in the show's history.[1] More than half the episode consisted of footage from the film. Originally, the producers considered showing just the movie, but they felt that it "would feel like a gimmick or experiment", and so it was decided that the film would be intercut with shots of the office reacting to the film.[1] In order to make the film seem as if Michael had created it, the film used was colorized in post-production to make it seem as if it were of a cheaper quality than the normal high-quality film that the series used. Certain shooting methods, like hand-held and zooms, were nixed, except for in cases where they could be presented in a "poorly-executed" manner.[1] This was done in a way to make it appear that Michael at least knew what he was doing; Novak explained that the crew "didn't want the joke of the episode to be how bad he was at filmmaking" because it would "be a little easy and a little out of character".[1] To create the fake dummy of Toby that exploded, Paul Lieberstein was required to spend several hours in a full-face mold that reportedly "unnerved him greatly".[1] Two molds were made. Both were filled with explosives, but one was filled with fake blood. The detonation of both was shot with slow-motion cameras. However, the explosion of the dummy head filled with fake blood was considered by the producers to be "too disturbing for us and arguably too disturbing for Michael", and so the tamer explosion was used.[1]

text: Due to the nature of Michael's film, Novak realized that scenes would have to be filmed as if they had been shot years prior to the episode. In order to successfully pull this off, editor David Rogers and script supervisor Veda Semame were tasked with "mapping out" every scene to make sure the continuity of the series was preserved.[1] Novak later elaborated on the continuity during an interview with The Office fansite OfficeTally. The scene featuring "The Scarn" would have been filmed after the corporate merger that occurred during the third season; this would explain Karen's willingness to deliver her lines, as she would be "eager to fit in".[1] Stanley's voiceover was recorded "on a lunch break" sometime after the fourth season episode "Local Ad" because he had "got a big kick out of seeing himself" in Michael's commercial.[1] Helene's scenes were filmed sometime when Michael was dating her during the early part of the sixth season.[1]

text: In addition to the mapping out of sequences, the episode features a short sequence that was shot to look as if it had been filmed during the show's second season, although the scene itself was filmed in 2011. Novak explained that, in order to recreate the shot, great lengths had to be taken to ensure the authenticity of the footage. Series Department Head make-up artist LaVerne Caracuzzi-Milazzo and Hair Department Head Kim M. Ferry "put great care and effort into recreating the characters' looks from earlier seasons"; Novak, for instance wore "the same bright blue shirt that Ryan used to favor" and fake sideburns were glued onto the actor's face to "match the era".[1] He also stated that the actors "remembered those dynamics [from the second season] and fell right back into them."[1] This is not the first nor the last time this trick has been utilized on the show. For instance, during the cold opening for the sixth season episode "Shareholder Meeting" featuring "Recyclops", a montage of Dwight harassing past receptionists was shown.[4] Furthermore, the episode "Customer Loyalty" from the ninth season featured a montage of Jim setting up a prank supposedly during the show's second season.[5]

text: Cultural references[edit]

text: According to the clippings on the wall, Scarn had previously saved the NFL, the MLB, and the NBA all-star games.[6] Several Billy Joel songs play throughout the episode, such as "Running on Ice" and "Pressure".[1][6] A Dave Barry page-a-day calendar is featured in a montage to illustrate the passing of time.[1][6] Michael mentions both Oceans 11 and Antz in defense of his movie. The latter is featured in a diatribe Michael delivers about Woody Allen and how you should always listen to your fans.[6]

text: One of the episode's deleted scenes is a post-credits scene featuring Michael Scarn and his robot butler breaking the fourth wall and telling the audience to "go home". This is a reference to Ferris Bueller's Day Off's post-credits scene.[citation needed]

text: Reception[edit]

text: In its original American broadcast on February 17, 2011, "Threat Level Midnight" was viewed by an estimated 6.41 million viewers and received a 3.3 rating/9 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 3.3 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 9 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. This marked a decrease in viewers from the previous episode.[7] The full film, which has a runtime of 25 minutes, is available on the seventh season DVD and Blu-ray,[8] and was made available on iTunes on February 18, 2011.[9]

text:
"I know there are still quite a few episodes to go before we say goodbye to Michael for good, but I almost wish this had been his swan song. Why not go out on a high note? I'm sure the writers have much more in store for him as the season winds down [...] but this could have been the last episode of The Office I ever saw and it would leave me smiling and satisfied."

—Cindy White, IGN[10]

tag: div

text: IGN writer Cindy White awarded the episode a 9 out of 10—denoting an "amazing" episode—and praised the self-awareness of Michael Scott and Steve Carell's performance. She ultimately said the episode was good enough to be Carell's last episode.[10] Bonnie Stiernberg of Paste wrote that "there wasn’t a ton of action this week, but it was just enough to keep Michael’s personal growth on our radar as we continue to brace ourselves for his grand finale."[11]

text: Dan Forcella of TV Fanatic awarded the episode five out of five stars, and called it one of "the best episodes in years".[12] Forcella praised the "continuity and callbacks".[12] He also noted that the tension between Michael and Holly were "easing the viewers towards the end of Carrell's  [sic] stay at The Office".[12] Alan Sepinwall wrote that, despite the episode being "goofy […] silly, and [and] about as nonsensical as the film itself", "Threat Level Midnight" was "a fun, sweet tour through the history of the Michael Scott era".[13]

text: Myles McNutt of The A.V. Club awarded the episode a "B" and wrote that "there is no question that [it] is a fan service."[14] He called it a "mixed bag"; on one hand, he noted that some of the scenes were clever, such as Darryl's opinion on portraying a black president before Obama was elected. On the other hand, however, he felt that Michael's "juvenile" response to Holly was uncharacteristic, and the "oddly high production values and camera work" were unrealistic for the show.[14] He also felt the inclusion of some characters—such as Roy, Jan, or Karen—did not make sense in the context of the series. He concluded, however, that while the episode had issues, "the actual content of Threat Level Midnight was successful in more ways than I had expected".[14] Rick Porter of Zap2it gave the episode a more mixed review, saying that it "had moments that were a huge amount of fun, both inside Michael's labor of love and in people's reaction to it. But it also felt a little bit clip-showy."[15]


document_title: Oldest people

question_text: when was the oldest person in the world born

text: Oldest people

text: Ten oldest verified cases ever

text:
Systematic verification of longevity has only been practiced in recent decades and only in certain parts of the world.
Note: All ten oldest people ever are women.

text:
Deceased   Living
†^ denotes age at death, or, if living, age as of 5 November 2017

text:
Rank
Name
Sex
Birth date
Death date
Age [†]
Place of death or residence

1
Jeanne Calment[1]
F
21 February 1875
4 August 1997
122 years, 164 days
France

2
Sarah Knauss[4]
F
24 September 1880
30 December 1999
119 years, 97 days
United States

3
Lucy Hannah[5]
F
16 July 1875
21 March 1993
117 years, 248 days
United States

4
Marie-Louise Meilleur[6]
F
29 August 1880
16 April 1998
117 years, 230 days
Canada

5
Violet Brown[7]
F
10 March 1900
15 September 2017
117 years, 189 days
Jamaica

6
Emma Morano[7]
F
29 November 1899
15 April 2017
117 years, 137 days
Italy

7
Nabi Tajima[7]
F
4 August 1900
Living
7004428270000000000♠117 years, 93 days
Japan

8
Misao Okawa[7]
F
5 March 1898
1 April 2015
117 years, 27 days
Japan

9
María Capovilla[8]
F
14 September 1889
27 August 2006
116 years, 347 days
Ecuador

10
Susannah Mushatt Jones[7]
F
6 July 1899
12 May 2016
116 years, 311 days
United States

text: Men

text:
Rank
Name
Birth date
Death date
Age [†]
Place of death
or residence

1
Jiroemon Kimura[9][10]
19 April 1897
12 June 2013
116 years, 54 days
Japan

2
Christian Mortensen[10]
16 August 1882
25 April 1998
115 years, 252 days
United States[a]

3
Emiliano Mercado del Toro[10]
21 August 1891
24 January 2007
115 years, 156 days
Puerto Rico

4
Mathew Beard[10]
9 July 1870
16 February 1985
114 years, 222 days
United States

5
Walter Breuning[11]
21 September 1896
14 April 2011
114 years, 205 days
United States

6
Yukichi Chuganji[12]
23 March 1889
28 September 2003
114 years, 189 days
Japan

7
Joan Riudavets[13]
15 December 1889
5 March 2004
114 years, 81 days
Spain

8
Fred H. Hale, Sr.[14]
1 December 1890
19 November 2004
113 years, 354 days
United States

9
Yisrael Kristal[7][15]
15 September 1903
11 August 2017
113 years, 330 days
Israel[b]

10
Johnson Parks[10]
15 October 1884
17 July 1998
113 years, 275 days
United States

text:
a^ Mortensen was born in Denmark.
b^ Kristal was born in Poland, then a part of the Russian Empire.

text: Ten oldest living people of verified age

text: Note: All ten oldest living people are women.

text:
Rank
Name
Sex
Birth date
Age as of 5 November 2017
Place of residence

1
Nabi Tajima[7]
F
4 August 1900
7004428270000000000♠117 years, 93 days
Japan

2
Chiyo Miyako[7]
F
2 May 1901
7004425560000000000♠116 years, 187 days
Japan

3
Ana María Vela Rubio[7]
F
29 October 1901
7004423760000000000♠116 years, 7 days
Spain

4
Giuseppina Projetto[7]
F
30 May 1902
7004421630000000000♠115 years, 159 days
Italy

5
Kane Tanaka[7]
F
2 January 1903
7004419460000000000♠114 years, 307 days
Japan

6
Maria Giuseppa Robucci[7]
F
20 March 1903
7004418690000000000♠114 years, 230 days
Italy

7
Iso Nakamura[7]
F
23 April 1903
7004418350000000000♠114 years, 196 days
Japan

8
Tae Ito[7]
F
11 July 1903
7004417560000000000♠114 years, 117 days
Japan

9
Delphine Gibson[7]
F
17 August 1903
7004417190000000000♠114 years, 80 days
United States

10
Ila Jones[7]
F
21 August 1903
7004417150000000000♠114 years, 76 days
United States

text: Men

text:
Rank
Name
Birth date
Age as of 5 November 2017
Place of residence

1
Francisco Núñez Olivera[16]
13 December 1904
7004412350000000000♠112 years, 327 days
Spain

2
Masazou Nonaka[7]
25 July 1905
7004410110000000000♠112 years, 103 days
Japan

3
Gustav Gerneth[17]
15 October 1905
7004409290000000000♠112 years, 21 days
Germany[a]

4
Richard Arvin Overton[18]
11 May 1906
7004407210000000000♠111 years, 178 days
United States

5
George Feldman[19]
2 December 1906
7004405160000000000♠110 years, 338 days
United States

6
Tsunahei Ogawa[20]
9 January 1907
7004404780000000000♠110 years, 300 days
Japan

7
Kameo Oya[21]
12 February 1907
7004404440000000000♠110 years, 266 days
Japan

8
Bernie Nenner[22]
4 May 1907
7004403630000000000♠110 years, 185 days
United States

9
Filiberto Puc[23]
22 August 1907
7004402530000000000♠110 years, 75 days
Mexico

10
C. P. Crawford[24]
25 August 1907
7004402500000000000♠110 years, 72 days
United States

text: a^ Gerneth was born in Stettin, then part of the German Empire; it is now named Szczecin and located in Poland.

text: Chronological list of the oldest known living person since 1955

text: This list is copied from the Gerontology Research Group's list of the World's Oldest Person Titleholders.[25] As the oldest living person is usually a woman, a sequence of oldest women would be nearly redundant to this list. A sequence of oldest living men follows this sequence.

text:
From
To
Name
Sex
Age(s) when
oldest
Lifespan
Place of death
or residence

1
?
24 October 1955
Betsy Baker
F
? – 113
20 August 1842 – 24 October 1955
113 years, 65 days
Nebraska, United States

2
24 October 1955
16 December 1956
(7002419000000000000♠1 year, 53 days)
Jennie Howell
F
110 – 111
11 February 1845 – 16 December 1956
7004408500000000000♠111 years, 309 days
California, United States

3
16 December 1956
30 March 1958
(7002469000000000000♠1 year, 104 days)
Anne Marie Carstenson
F
107 – 109
24 January 1849 – 30 March 1958
7004398760000000000♠109 years, 65 days
Nebraska, United States

4
30 March 1958
17 October 1958
(7002201000000000000♠201 days)
Nancy Ryan
F
108 – 109
5 September 1849– 17 October 1958
7004398530000000000♠109 years, 42 days
Indiana, United States

5
17 October 1958
7 October 1959
(7002355000000000000♠355 days)
Christina Karnebeek-Backs
F
109 – 110
2 October 1849 – 7 October 1959
7004401810000000000♠110 years, 5 days
Netherlands

6
7 October 1959
24 November 1959
(48 days)
Marie Olsen
F
109
1 May 1850 – 24 November 1959
7004400180000000000♠109 years, 207 days
Norway

7
24 November 1959
30 December 1964
(7003186300000000000♠5 years, 36 days)
Mary Kelly
F
108 – 113
7 June 1851 – 30 December 1964
7004414790000000000♠113 years, 206 days
California, United States

8
30 December 1964
6 March 1965
(66 days)
Elizabeth Kensley
F
109
12 May 1855 – 6 March 1965
7004401100000000000♠109 years, 298 days
England, United Kingdom

9
6 March 1965
6 August 1965
(153 days)
William Fullingim
M
109 – 110
7 July 1855 – 6 August 1965
7004402070000000000♠110 years, 30 days
Oklahoma, United States

10
6 August 1965
10 January 1966
(157 days)
Hannah Smith
F
109 – 110
7 January 1856 – 10 January 1966
7004401800000000000♠110 years, 3 days
England, United Kingdom

11
10 January 1966
21 March 1968
(7002801000000000000♠2 years, 71 days)
John Mosely Turner
M
109 – 111
15 June 1856 – 21 March 1968
111 years, 280 days
England, United Kingdom

12
21 March 1968
16 June 1968
(87 days)
Johanna Booyson
F
111
17 January 1857 – 16 June 1968
111 years, 151 days
Transvaal, South Africa

13
16 June 1968
4 May 1969
(322 days)
Marie Bernátková[26]
F
110 – 111
22 October 1857 – 4 May 1969
111 years, 194 days
Zašová, Czechoslovakia
(now located in the Czech Republic)

14
4 May 1969
11 January 1970
(252 days)
Ada Roe
F
111
6 February 1858 – 11 January 1970
111 years, 339 days
England, United Kingdom

15
11 January 1970
27 February 1973
(7003114300000000000♠3 years, 47 days)
Josefa Salas
F
109 – 112
14 July 1860 – 27 February 1973
112 years, 228 days
Asturias, Spain

16
27 February 1973
18 August 1973
(172 days)
Alice Stevenson
F
111 – 112
10 July 1861 – 18 August 1973
112 years, 39 days
England, United Kingdom

17
18 August 1973
31 October 1973
(74 days)
Elizabeth Watkins
F
110
10 March 1863 – 31 October 1973
110 years, 235 days
Northern Ireland, United Kingdom

18
31 October 1973
31 May 1975
(7002577000000000000♠1 year, 212 days)
Mito Umeta
F
110 – 112
27 March 1863 – 31 May 1975
112 years, 65 days
Kumamoto, Japan

19
31 May 1975
16 November 1976
(7002535000000000000♠1 year, 169 days)
Niwa Kawamoto
F
111 – 113
5 August 1863 – 16 November 1976
113 years, 105 days
Shiga, Japan

20
16 November 1976
2 December 1977
(7002381000000000000♠1 year, 16 days)
Sophia DeMuth
F
110 – 111
30 June 1866 – 2 December 1977
111 years, 155 days
Nebraska, United States

21
2 December 1977
25 April 1978
(144 days)
Marie-Virginie Duhem
F
111
2 August 1866 – 25 April 1978
111 years, 266 days
Nord-Pas-de-Calais, France

22
25 April 1978
22 January 1981
(7003100300000000000♠2 years, 272 days)
Fannie Thomas
F
111 – 113
14 April 1867 – 22 January 1981
113 years, 283 days
California, United States

23
22 January 1981
8 March 1981
(45 days)
Augustine Tessier
F
112
2 January 1869 – 8 March 1981
112 years, 65 days
Languedoc-Roussillon, France

24
8 March 1981
13 November 1982
(7002615000000000000♠1 year, 250 days)
Nellie Spencer
F
111 – 113
24 August 1869 – 13 November 1982
113 years, 81 days
New Jersey, United States

25
13 November 1982
13 October 1983
(334 days)
Emma Wilson
F
112 – 113
12 May 1870 – 13 October 1983
113 years, 154 days
Missouri, United States

26
13 October 1983
16 February 1985
(7002492000000000000♠1 year, 126 days)
Mathew Beard
M
113 – 114
9 July 1870 – 16 February 1985
114 years, 222 days
Florida, United States

27
16 February 1985
21 October 1986
(7002612000000000000♠1 year, 247 days)
Augusta Holtz
F
113 – 115
3 August 1871 – 21 October 1986
115 years, 79 days
Missouri, United States

28
21 October 1986
2 February 1987
(104 days)
Mary McKinney
F
113
30 May 1873 – 2 February 1987
113 years, 248 days
California, United States

29
2 February 1987
27 December 1987
(328 days)
Anna Eliza Williams
F
113 – 114
2 June 1873 – 27 December 1987
114 years, 208 days
Wales, United Kingdom

30
27 December 1987
11 January 1988
(15 days)
Florence Knapp
F
114
10 October 1873 – 11 January 1988
114 years, 93 days
Pennsylvania, United States

31
11 January 1988
4 August 1997
(7003349300000000000♠9 years, 205 days)
Jeanne Calment
F
112 – 122
21 February 1875 – 4 August 1997
122 years, 164 days
Provence, France

32
4 August 1997
16 April 1998
(255 days)
Marie-Louise Meilleur
F
116 – 117
29 August 1880 – 16 April 1998
117 years, 230 days
Ontario, Canada

33
16 April 1998
30 December 1999
(7002623000000000000♠1 year, 258 days)
Sarah Knauss
F
117 – 119
24 September 1880 – 30 December 1999
119 years, 97 days
Pennsylvania, United States

34
30 December 1999
2 November 2000
(308 days)
Eva Morris
F
114
8 November 1885 – 2 November 2000
114 years, 360 days
England, United Kingdom

35
2 November 2000
6 June 2001
(216 days)
Marie Brémont
F
114 – 115
25 April 1886 – 6 June 2001
115 years, 42 days
Anjou, France

36
5 June 2001
18 March 2002
(286 days)
Maude Farris-Luse
F
114 – 115
21 January 1887 – 18 March 2002
115 years, 56 days
Michigan, United States

37
18 March 2002
28 May 2002
(71 days)
Grace Clawson
F
114
15 November 1887 – 28 May 2002
114 years, 194 days
Florida, United States

38
28 May 2002
21 August 2002
(85 days)
Adelina Domingues
F
114
19 February 1888 – 21 August 2002
114 years, 183 days
California, United States

39
21 August 2002
29 December 2002
(130 days)
Mae Harrington
F
113
20 January 1889 – 29 December 2002
113 years, 343 days
New York, United States

40
29 December 2002
28 September 2003
(273 days)
Yukichi Chuganji
M
113 – 114
23 March 1889 – 28 September 2003
114 years, 189 days
Fukuoka, Japan

41
28 September 2003
13 November 2003
(46 days)
Mitoyo Kawate
F
114
15 May 1889 – 13 November 2003
114 years, 182 days
Hiroshima, Japan

42
13 November 2003
29 May 2004
(198 days)
Ramona Trinidad Iglesias-Jordan
F
114
31 August 1889 – 29 May 2004
114 years, 272 days
United States (Puerto Rico)

43
29 May 2004
27 August 2006
(7002820000000000000♠2 years, 90 days)
María Capovilla
F
114 – 116
14 September 1889 – 27 August 2006
116 years, 347 days
Guayas, Ecuador

44
27 August 2006
11 December 2006
(106 days)
Elizabeth Bolden
F
116
15 August 1890 – 11 December 2006
116 years, 118 days
Tennessee, United States

45
11 December 2006
24 January 2007
(44 days)
Emiliano Mercado del Toro
M
115
21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007
115 years, 156 days
United States (Puerto Rico)

46
24 January 2007
28 January 2007
(4 days)
Emma Tillman
F
114
22 November 1892 – 28 January 2007
114 years, 67 days
Connecticut, United States

47
29 January 2007[a]
13 August 2007
(196 days)
Yone Minagawa
F
114
4 January 1893 – 13 August 2007
114 years, 221 days
Fukuoka, Japan

48
13 August 2007
26 November 2008
(7002471000000000000♠1 year, 105 days)
Edna Parker
F
114 – 115
20 April 1893 – 26 November 2008
115 years, 220 days
Indiana, United States

49
26 November 2008
2 January 2009
(37 days)
Maria de Jesus
F
115
10 September 1893 – 2 January 2009
115 years, 114 days
Tomar, Portugal

50
2 January 2009
11 September 2009
(252 days)
Gertrude Baines
F
114 – 115
6 April 1894 – 11 September 2009
115 years, 158 days
California, United States

51
11 September 2009
2 May 2010
(233 days)
Kama Chinen
F
114
10 May 1895 – 2 May 2010
114 years, 357 days
Okinawa, Japan

52
2 May 2010
4 November 2010
(186 days)
Eugénie Blanchard
F
114
16 February 1896 – 4 November 2010
114 years, 261 days
Saint Barthélemy, France

53
4 November 2010
21 June 2011
(229 days)
Maria Gomes Valentim
F
114
9 July 1896 – 21 June 2011
114 years, 347 days
Minas Gerais, Brazil

54
21 June 2011
4 December 2012
(7002532000000000000♠1 year, 166 days)
Besse Cooper
F
114 – 116
26 August 1896 – 4 December 2012
116 years, 100 days
Georgia, United States

55
4 December 2012
17 December 2012
(13 days)
Dina Manfredini
F
115
4 April 1897 – 17 December 2012
115 years, 257 days
Iowa, United States

56
17 December 2012
12 June 2013
(177 days)
Jiroemon Kimura
M
115 – 116
19 April 1897 – 12 June 2013
116 years, 54 days
Kyoto, Japan

57
12 June 2013
1 April 2015
(1 year, 293 days)
Misao Okawa
F
115 – 117
5 March 1898 – 1 April 2015
117 years, 27 days
Osaka, Japan

58
31 March 2015[b]
6 April 2015
(6 days)
Gertrude Weaver
F
116
4 July 1898 – 6 April 2015
116 years, 276 days
Arkansas, United States

59
6 April 2015
17 June 2015
(72 days)
Jeralean Talley
F
115 – 116
23 May 1899 – 17 June 2015
116 years, 25 days
Michigan, United States

60
17 June 2015
12 May 2016
(330 days)
Susannah Mushatt Jones
F
115 – 116
6 July 1899 – 12 May 2016
116 years, 311 days
New York, United States

61
13 May 2016[c]
15 April 2017
(337 days)
Emma Morano
F
116 – 117
29 November 1899 – 15 April 2017
117 years, 137 days
Piedmont, Italy

62
15 April 2017
15 September 2017
(153 days)
Violet Brown
F
117
10 March 1900 – 15 September 2017
117 years, 189 days
Trelawny, Jamaica

63
16 September 2017[d]
Present
(7001500000000000000♠50 days)
Nabi Tajima
F
117*
born 4 August 1900
7004428270000000000♠117 years, 93 days
Kagoshima, Japan

text: Chronological list of the oldest living man since 1973

text: This list is copied from the Gerontology Research Group's list of the World's Oldest Man Titleholders.[10]

text:
From
To
Name
Age(s) when
oldest
Lifespan
Place of death
or residence

1
?
5 May 1973
Friedrich Wedeking
? – 110
10 October 1862 – 5 May 1973
110 years, 207 days
North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany

2
5 May 1973
9 March 1974
(308 days)
Frederick Butterfield
109 – 110
28 February 1864 – 9 March 1974
110 years, 9 days
England, United Kingdom

3
9 March 1974
17 March 1977
(7003110400000000000♠3 years, 8 days)
Jean Teillet
107 – 110
6 November 1866 – 17 March 1977
110 years, 131 days
Île-de-France, France

4
17 March 1977
20 August 1978
(7002521000000000000♠1 year, 156 days)
Charlie Nelson
109 – 110
21 September 1867 – 20 August 1978
110 years, 333 days
Iowa, United States

5
20 August 1978
5 September 1980
(7002747000000000000♠2 years, 16 days)
Charlie Phillips
108 – 110
5 May 1870 – 5 September 1980
110 years, 123 days
Mississippi, United States

6
5 September 1980
16 February 1985
(7003162500000000000♠4 years, 164 days)
Mathew Beard
110 – 114
9 July 1870 – 16 February 1985
114 years, 222 days
Florida, United States

7
16 February 1985
14 December 1986
(7002666000000000000♠1 year, 301 days)
Joe Thomas
109 – 111
1 May 1875 – 14 December 1986
111 years, 227 days
Louisiana, United States

8
14 December 1986
5 January 1987
(22 days)
Herman Smith-Johannsen
111
15 June 1875 – 5 January 1987
111 years, 204 days
Vestfold, Norway

9
5 January 1987
25 November 1988
(7002690000000000000♠1 year, 325 days)
Alphaeus Philemon Cole
110 – 112
12 July 1876 – 25 November 1988
112 years, 136 days
New Jersey, United States

10
25 November 1988
10 June 1990
(7002562000000000000♠1 year, 197 days)
John Evans
111 – 112
19 August 1877 – 10 June 1990
112 years, 295 days
Wales, United Kingdom

11
10 June 1990
18 June 1990
(8 days)
Henri Pérignon
110
14 October 1879 – 18 June 1990
7004404240000000000♠110 years, 247 days
Normandy, France

12
18 June 1990
16 October 1991
(7002485000000000000♠1 year, 120 days)
James Wiggins
110 – 112
15 October 1879 – 16 October 1991
112 years, 1 day
Arkansas, United States

13
16 October 1991
14 June 1993
(7002607000000000000♠1 year, 241 days)
Frederick Frazier
111 – 113
27 January 1880 – 14 June 1993
113 years, 138 days
Alabama, United States

14
14 June 1993
20 January 1994
(220 days)
Josep Armengol
111 – 112
23 July 1881 – 20 January 1994
112 years, 181 days
Catalonia, Spain

15
20 January 1994
25 April 1998
(7003155600000000000♠4 years, 95 days)
Christian Mortensen
111 – 115
16 August 1882 – 25 April 1998
115 years, 252 days
California, United States

16
25 April 1998
17 July 1998
(83 days)
Johnson Parks
113
15 October 1884 – 17 July 1998
113 years, 275 days
Florida, United States

17
17 July 1998
25 December 1998
(161 days)
Walter Richardson
112 – 113
7 November 1885 – 25 December 1998
113 years, 48 days
Illinois, United States

18
25 December 1998
29 April 1999
(125 days)
Denzo Ishisaki
112
20 October 1886 – 29 April 1999
112 years, 191 days
Ibaraki, Japan

19
29 April 1999
15 November 1999
(200 days)
Antonio Urrea
111
16 February 1888 – 15 November 1999
111 years, 272 days
Catalonia, Spain

20
15 November 1999
1 March 2001
(7002472000000000000♠1 year, 106 days)
John Painter
111 – 112
20 September 1888 – 1 March 2001
112 years, 162 days
Tennessee, United States

21
1 March 2001
3 January 2002
(308 days)
Antonio Todde
112
22 January 1889 – 3 January 2002
112 years, 346 days
Sardinia, Italy

22
3 January 2002
28 September 2003
(7002633000000000000♠1 year, 268 days)
Yukichi Chuganji
112 – 114
23 March 1889 – 28 September 2003
114 years, 189 days
Fukuoka, Japan

23
28 September 2003
5 March 2004
(159 days)
Joan Riudavets
113 – 114
15 December 1889 – 5 March 2004
114 years, 81 days
Balearic Islands, Spain

24
5 March 2004
19 November 2004
(259 days)
Fred H. Hale, Sr.
113
1 December 1890 – 19 November 2004
113 years, 354 days
Maine, United States

25
19 November 2004
24 January 2007
(7002796000000000000♠2 years, 66 days)
Emiliano Mercado del Toro
113 – 115
21 August 1891 – 24 January 2007
115 years, 156 days
United States (Puerto Rico)

26
24 January 2007
19 June 2009
(7002877000000000000♠2 years, 146 days)
Tomoji Tanabe
111 – 113
18 September 1895 – 19 June 2009
113 years, 274 days
Miyazaki, Japan

27
19 June 2009
18 July 2009
(29 days)
Henry Allingham
113
6 June 1896 – 18 July 2009
113 years, 42 days
England, United Kingdom

28
18 July 2009
14 April 2011
(7002635000000000000♠1 year, 270 days)
Walter Breuning
112 – 114
21 September 1896 – 14 April 2011
114 years, 205 days
Montana, United States

29
15 April 2011[e]
12 June 2013
(2 years, 58 days)
Jiroemon Kimura
113 – 116
19 April 1897 – 12 June 2013
116 years, 54 days
Kyoto, Japan

30
11 June 2013[f]
13 September 2013
(94 days)
Salustiano Sanchez
112
8 June 1901 – 13 September 2013
112 years, 97 days
New York, United States

31
13 September 2013
24 April 2014
(223 days)
Arturo Licata
111
2 May 1902 – 24 April 2014
111 years, 357 days
Sicily, Italy

32
24 April 2014
8 June 2014
(45 days)
Alexander Imich
111
4 February 1903 – 8 June 2014
111 years, 124 days
New York, United States

33
8 June 2014
5 July 2015
(1 year, 27 days)
Sakari Momoi
111 – 112
5 February 1903 – 5 July 2015
112 years, 150 days
Saitama Prefecture, Japan

34
5 July 2015
19 January 2016
(7002198000000000000♠198 days)
Yasutaro Koide
112
13 March 1903 – 19 January 2016
112 years, 312 days
Aichi Prefecture, Japan

35
18 January 2016[g]
11 August 2017
(7002571000000000000♠1 year, 205 days)
Yisrael Kristal
112 – 113
15 September 1903 – 11 August 2017
113 years, 330 days
Haifa, Israel

text: Oldest verified person by country

text: Notes

text:
Jump up ^ Emma Tillman died 28 January 2007 (EST). However, in Fukuoka Prefecture, where Minagawa lived, the date was already 29 January 2007 (JST).
Jump up ^ Misao Okawa died 1 April 2015 (JST). However, in Arkansas, where Weaver lived, the date was still 31 March 2015 (Central Time Zone).
Jump up ^ Susannah Mushatt Jones died 12 May 2016 8:26pm EDT. However, in Italy, where Morano lived, the date was already 13 May 2016 (CEST).
Jump up ^ Violet Brown died on 15 September 2017 in Jamaica (UTC-5). However, in Japan, where Tajima lives, the date was already 16 September 2017 (JST).
Jump up ^ Walter Breuning died 14 April 2011 3:30pm (MDT). However, in Kyoto, where Kimura lived, the date was already 15 April 2011 (JST).
Jump up ^ Jiroemon Kimura died 12 June 2013 (JST). However, in New York, where Sanchez lived, the date was still 11 June 2013 (Eastern Time Zone).
Jump up ^ Yasutaro Koide died 19 January 2016 12:17 a.m. JST. However, in Israel, where Kristal lived, the date was still 18 January 2016 (IST).


document_title: Margin (typography)

question_text: what is the standard margin size microsoft word

text: Margin (typography)

text: History[edit]

text: The Scroll[edit]

text: Margins are an important method of organizing the written word, and have a long history. In ancient Egypt, writing was recorded on papyrus scrolls.[4] Egyptian papyrus scrolls could reach up to 30 meters in length, and contained text organized in columns laid out from left to right along the scroll.[5] Columns were referred to as pagina (or pages) and were separated by margins, so that scrolls could be unrolled horizontally, uncovering individual sections one by one.[6] Thus, in papyrus scrolls margins performed the function of visually signaling to readers when to stop reading and move down to the next line of text.[7]

text: The Codex[edit]

text: During the first 3 centuries B.C.E., the scroll gradually began to be replaced by the codex.[8] Rather than storing text on one long, continuous piece of whatever papyrus, the codex was constructed of individual pieces of parchment, bound together on one side.[9] Now that each page was separated physically from all the rest, margins became less necessary in distinguishing the beginning and end of the text-block. However, they took on a new role. Before the codex, commentaries about a text were usually recorded on separate scrolls.[10] With the advent of the codex, margins (having been largely stripped of their original function) became extra space which could be used to incorporate commentaries next to the original text.[11] Extra text and images included in the margins of codices are called marginalia. Scholarly commentaries included in margins next to their source text are known as scholia. However, this was not the only purpose margins served in the codex. Even when no commentaries were added, most books continued to leave space around the text-block on all sides of each page. This marginal space served several practical purposes. Leaving blank space around text protects the typeblock by giving the reader somewhere to put his or her thumbs while holding the book.[12] In addition, that blank space serves an important role in reading and understanding text.[13] The exact effect of margins on legibility has been debated,[14] but some scholars contend that without empty space to offset text, the task of reading could take more than twice as long.[15] Finally, margins serve an aesthetic function by framing text inside a blank border.[16][17]

text: The Printed Book[edit]

text: With the invention of the printing press, books began to be manufactured in large numbers.[18] As paper began to be produced in bulk, page size and shape were increasingly determined by the size and shape of mould which was most practical for producers.[19] As pages became more standardized, so did the size and shape of margins.[20] In general, margins in books have grown smaller over time. The wide margins common during the Renaissance have given way to much narrower proportions.[21] However, there is still much variation depending on the size and purpose of the book.[22][23]

text: The Digital Page[edit]

text: Computers and the Internet have revolutionized our consumption of the written word. Books can now exist without physical pages, and text can be viewed on a myriad of devices. In the early days of the Internet, the concept of margins was foreign to web browsers.[24] However, as computer screens got bigger this became an issue for the readability and aesthetics of text.[25] The invention of more sophisticated techniques such as CSS allowed designers to control the margins of their web pages and leave more white space.[26] Although margin-less web pages do still exist, today it is generally understood that having wide enough margins to provide adequate white space around text is important to the usability and readability of digital text.[27][28][29] In fact, margins become even more important because web content shares visual space with other elements such as the web browser's interface, as well as other icons and windows.[30]

text: Margins also play an important role in digital word-processing. The default margins for Microsoft Word from version 2007 onward have been 1 inch (2.54 cm) all around; in Word 2003, the default top and bottom margins were 1 inch (2.54 cm), but 1.25 inches (3.17 cm) were given at the left and the right.[31][32] OpenOffice Writer has 0.79 inch (2 cm) all around.[33] LaTeX varies the width of its margins depending on the font size. By default, LaTeX uses 1.5 inches margin sizes for 12pt documents, 1.75 inches for 11pt, and 1.875 inches for 10pt—relatively large margins. These adjustments are intended to allow a maximum of 66 characters per line, to increase readability.[34][35] However, studies have shown that longer line lengths (more than 66 characters per line) can improve readability.[36][37]


document_title: The Roof Is on Fire

question_text: who is the original singer of the roof is on fire

text: The Roof Is on Fire

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
"The Roof Is on Fire"Single by Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic ThreeB-side
"Request Line"Released
1984Genre
Hip hopLength
5:30Label
RealityFantasy

text: "The Roof Is on Fire" is a single from Rock Master Scott & the Dynamic Three, released in 1984. It reached number five on the Billboard Hot Dance Music/Maxi-Singles Sales chart. It is known for its chorus:

text: The roof, the roof, the roof is on fire!We don't need no water—Let the motherfucker burn!Burn, motherfucker, burn!

text: The song's intro is sampled by The Chemical Brothers in their song "Hey Boy Hey Girl," and the chorus is covered by the Bloodhound Gang's "Fire Water Burn," Coal Chamber's "Sway," Rancid's "Burn," Quad City DJ's "Party Over Here," and YACHT's "Dystopia (The Earth Is on Fire)."


document_title: Village of the Damned (1960 film)

question_text: where was the original village of the damned filmed

text: Village of the Damned (1960 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The inhabitants of the British village of Midwich suddenly fall unconscious, as does anyone entering the village. The military establishes a cordon around Midwich and sends in a man wearing a gas mask, but he, too, falls unconscious and is pulled back with rope. The man awakens and reports experiencing a cold sensation just before passing out. The pilot of a military reconnaissance plane is contacted and asked to investigate. When he flies below 5,000 feet, he loses consciousness and the plane crashes. A five-mile exclusion zone around the village is established for all aircraft. After approximately four hours, the villagers regain consciousness, and all are apparently unaffected.

text: Two months later, all women and girls of child-bearing age in the affected area are discovered to be pregnant, sparking many accusations of both infidelity and extramarital sex. The accusations fade as the extraordinary nature of the pregnancies is discovered, with seven-month fetuses appearing after only five months. All the women give birth on the same day. Their children have an unusual appearance, including "arresting" eyes, odd scalp hair construction and colour (platinum blond), and unusually narrow fingernails. As the children grow and develop at a rapid rate, it becomes clear they also have a powerful telepathic bond with one another. They can communicate with each other over great distances, and as one learns something, so do the others.

text: Three years later, Professor Gordon Zellaby (Sanders), whose wife Anthea (Shelley) gave birth to one of the children, attends a meeting with British Intelligence to discuss the children. There he learns Midwich was not the only place affected; follow-up investigations have revealed similar phenomena in other areas of the world.

text: At age three, the children are precocious, physically and mentally the equivalent of children four times their age. Their behaviour has become even more unusual and striking. They dress impeccably, always walk as a group, speak in an adult manner, and behave maturely, but they show no conscience or love, and demonstrate a coldness to others, causing the villagers to fear and be repulsed by them.

text: The children begin to exhibit the power to read minds and to force people to do things against their will. There have been a number of villagers' deaths since the children were born, many of which are considered unusual, and some citizens believe the children are responsible. This is confirmed when the children are seen killing a man by making him crash his car into a wall, and again when they force his suspicious brother to shoot himself.

text: Zellaby, whose "son" David is one of the children, is at first eager to work with them, trying to teach them while hoping to learn more about them. The children are placed in a separate building where they will learn and live. While the children continue to exert their will, Zellaby learns the Soviet government has used an atomic cannon to destroy the sole remaining alternate village containing their own spawn of mutant children.

text: Zellaby compares the children's resistance to reasoning with a brick wall and uses this motif as self-protection against their mind reading after the children's inhuman nature becomes clear to him. He takes a hidden time-bomb to a session with the children and tries to block their awareness of the bomb by visualizing a brick wall. David scans his mind, showing an emotion (astonishment) for the first time. The children try to break down Zellaby's mental wall and discover the truth a moment before the bomb detonates, consuming the building in flames and killing them all.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
George Sanders as Gordon Zellaby
Barbara Shelley as Anthea Zellaby
Martin Stephens as David Zellaby
Michael Gwynn as Alan Bernard
Laurence Naismith as Doctor Willers
Richard Warner as Harrington
Jenny Laird as Mrs. Harrington
Sarah Long as Evelyn Harrington
Thomas Heathcote as James Pawle
Charlotte Mitchell as Janet Pawle
Pamela Buck as Milly Hughes
Rosamund Greenwood as Miss Ogle
Susan Richards as Mrs. Plumpton
Bernard Archard as Vicar
Peter Vaughan as P.C. Gobby
John Phillips as General Leighton
Richard Vernon as Sir Edgar Hargraves
John Stuart as Professor Smith
Keith Pyott as Dr. Carlisle

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (December 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The film was originally an American picture, to be filmed at the Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer studios in Culver City, California when preproduction began in 1957. Ronald Colman was contracted for the leading role, but MGM shelved the project, bowing to pressure from religious groups that objected to the sinister depiction of virgin birth.[5][6] Colman died in May 1958—by coincidence, his widow, actress Benita Hume, married actor George Sanders in 1959, and Sanders took the role meant for Colman.[citation needed][7]

text: The film was transferred to the MGM British Studios and shot on location in the village of Letchmore Heath,[8] near Watford, approximately 12 miles (20 kilometres) north of London. Local buildings such as The Three Horseshoes Pub and Aldenham School, were used during filming.[9]

text: The blonde wigs that the children wore were padded to give the impression that they had abnormally large heads.[citation needed]

text: The children were lit in such a way as to cause the irises and pupils of their eyes to merge into a large black disc against the whites of their eyes, to give them an eerie look.[citation needed]

text: The glowing-eye effect, when the children used their mental powers, was achieved by creating animated overlays of a bright white iris; this created a bright glowing iris with a black pupil when optically printed into the film. This technique was used mostly on freeze frames to create the required effect; the only sequence of live motion processed in this way was the scene in which David tells Alan Bernard to "leave us alone" where the eye effect appears as David speaks. The other time David's eyes go from normal to glowing on screen (after one of the girl children is nearly run down by a car), a two shot of the girl and David, is a composite shot split by a slightly jagged black line; the half with the girl is live motion, and you can see her hair moving in the breeze, whereas the half with David is a freeze frame with the eye effect added.[citation needed]

text: A similar split screen effect is used during the first scene of a boy and girl using their powers to stop their 'brother' stealing a puzzle box; the close ups of the mother holding the boy as his eyes begin to glow and she turns to look at him are achieved as above this time without a black line separating the freeze frames of the boy from the live motion of the mother. The final effect of the children's eyes zooming out of the flames of their burning school house utilized multiple exposures of a model head with glowing eyes which the camera zoomed in on.[citation needed]

text: For the original release of the film in Britain, censors removed the glowing eye effects.[10][11] UK prints without the glowing eyes effects show that during the final sequence, in the close-ups, the kids widen their eyes as they attack Zellaby's mind, unlike the freeze frames with added glowing eyes used in the American prints. Another example is a slight smile that David makes after setting one of the villagers on fire in the UK print; the freeze frames of the American print do not contain such subtle detail. This print also has a credit for being filmed at MGM's British studios that is not on the American prints.[citation needed]

text: Release[edit]

text: Theatrical release[edit]

text: Given an 'A' certificate by the British censors, the film opened in June 1960 at The Ritz cinema in Leicester Square, London. According to director Wolf Rilla, it soon attracted audiences, and cinema goers queued round the block to see it.[10] In December of the same year it was released New York and Los Angeles;[12] it became a sleeper hit for MGM in the US.[6]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on DVD by Warner Home Video on August 10, 2004.[13]

text: Reception[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (December 2016)

text: Box office[edit]

text: According to MGM records the film earned $1.4 million in the US and Canada and $775,000 elsewhere, resulting in a profit of $860,000.[1]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The 18 June 1960 edition of The Guardian[14] praised the story as "most ingenious" and Rilla as applying "the right laconic touch". Positive reviews also appeared in The Observer (by C.A. Lejeune): "The further you have moved away from fantasy, the more you will understand its chill"; and The People (by Ernest Betts), "As a horror film with a difference it'll give you the creeps for 77 minutes". Dilys Powell said in The Sunday Times on 20 June 1960: "Well made British film: the effective timing, the frightening matter-of-factness of the village setting, most of the acting, and especially the acting of the handsome flaxen-haired children (headed by Martin Stevens) who are the cold villains of the piece."[citation needed]

text: American critics were also in favour of the film. The Time reviewer called it "one of the neatest little horror pictures produced since Peter Lorre went straight" and questioned the wisdom of MGM's low-profile release strategy. While not willing to call it a horror classic, Howard Thompson of the New York Times said, "as a quietly civilized exercise in the fear and power of the unknown this picture is one of the trimmest, most original and serenely unnerving little chillers in a long time".[15] The film received a small but positive mention in the Saturday Review which called it "an absorbing little picture that you may yet be able to find on some double-feature bill".[16] Author and film critic Leonard Maltin gave the film three out of a possible four stars, calling it "[an] eerie, well-made chiller".[17] On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 96% based on 24 reviews with an average rating of 7.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Chilling performances and a restrained, eerie atmosphere make this British horror both an unnerving parable of its era and a timeless classic."[18]

text: Sequel and remake[edit]

text: A British-produced MGM sequel, Children of the Damned, directed by Anton M. Leader, followed in 1963 with a smaller group of six children (each one from a different nation: China, India, Nigeria, the Soviet Union, the United States and the UK). Although their powers are similar, the theme and tone are nearly opposite, with the children in the sequel being portrayed as sympathetic characters.[19][20]

text: A US-produced remake was released in 1995 by Universal Studios. Also titled Village of the Damned, the film was directed by John Carpenter and moved to a contemporary time period and an American setting. It was not well received by critics.[21][22]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The climactic scene in which the children break down Zellaby's mental brick wall is #92 on the Bravo miniseries 100 Scariest Movie Moments.[23]
The film was mentioned in the 15th episode of Season 3 of the American drama show Teen Wolf "Galvanize" by guest character William Barrow to explain his killings to Kira Yukimura.[citation needed]
The film is parodied in "Wild Barts Can't Be Broken," the eleventh episode of the tenth season of the American animated series The Simpsons, as a horror movie titled The Bloodening.[citation needed]