document_title: Congregation of Christian Brothers

question_text: who founded the order or congregation in western australia

text: Congregation of Christian Brothers

text: History[edit]

text: Formation[edit]

text: At the turn of the nineteenth century, Waterford merchant Edmund Rice considered travelling to Rome to join a religious institute, possibly the Augustinians. Instead, with the support of Dr. Thomas Hussey, Catholic bishop of the Diocese of Waterford and Lismore, he decided to found a religious community dedicated to teaching disadvantaged youth.[2]

text: The first school, on Waterford's New Street, was a converted stable and opened in 1802, with a second school opening in Stephen Street soon after to cater for increasing enrollment. Two men from his hometown of Callan, Thomas Grosvenor and Patrick Finn, soon arrived to aid Rice in his makeshift schools, with the intention of living the life of lay brothers. In the same year, Rice used proceeds from the sale of his victualling business to begin building a community house and school on land provided by the diocese. Bishop Hussey opened the new complex, christened “Mount Sion” on June 7, 1803, and pupils were transferred to the new school building the following year.[3] The reputation of the school spread and across the next few years several men sought to become “Michaels”.

text: On 15 August 1808 seven men, including Edmund Rice, took religious promises under Bishop John Power of Waterford. Following the example of Nano Nagle's Presentation Sisters, they were called "Presentation Brothers".[4] This was one of the first congregations of men to be founded in Ireland and one of the few founded in the Church by a layman.

text: Houses were soon opened in Carrick-on-Suir, Dungarvan, and in 1811, in Cork. In 1812 the Archbishop of Dublin established a community in the nation's capital and by 1907 there were ten communities in Dublin, with pupils in excess of 6,000. The schools included primary, secondary and technical schools, along with orphanages and a school for the deaf. A community was founded in Limerick in 1816, followed by establishments in several of Ireland's principal towns.

text: The Holy See formally established the congregation in 1820. This, too, was an unusual event, since the Christian Brothers were the first Irish congregation of men approved by a charter from Rome.

text: Some brothers in Cork chose to remain under the original Presentation rule and continued to be known as Presentation Brothers, a separate congregation but also recognising Edmund Rice as its Founder.

text: Expansion[edit]

text: The congregation of Irish Christian Brothers spread to Liverpool and other parts of England. These new ventures were not always immediately successful. Two brothers had been sent to Gibraltar to establish an institute in 1835. However, despite initial successes they left in August 1837 on account of disagreements with the local priests.[5] In 1878 the Brothers returned to the then Crown colony of Gibraltar. The school eventually flourished supplying education to the twentieth century. The "Line Wall College" was noted in 1930 for the education that it supplied to "well to do" children.[6]

text: Similarly, a mission to Sydney, Australia in 1842 failed within a couple of years.[7] Brother Ambrose Treacy established a presence in Melbourne, Australia in 1868, in 1875 in Brisbane, Australia and in 1876 a school was commenced in Dunedin, New Zealand. In 1875 a school was opened in St. John’s, Newfoundland. In 1886 the Pope requested that they consider setting up in India, and a province of the congregation was established there.

text: In 1900 came the invitation to establish houses in Rome, and in 1906 schools were established in New York City.[2] In 1940 Iona College was founded in New York, as a Higher Education College,[8] facilitating poorer high school graduates to progress to a College education.

text: In 1955 Stella Maris College (Montevideo) in Uruguay was established. In 1972 the alumni rugby team was travelling in Uruguayan Air Force Flight 571 when it crashed in the Andes, stranding survivors in freezing conditions with little food and no heat for 72 days; 16 of the 45 people on the aircraft survived.

text: In 1967, the Christian Brothers had a membership of about 5,000, teaching in around 600 schools.[9]

text: The Christian Brothers teacher training center has become the Marino Institute for Education which has trained lay teachers since 1972 and has offered degrees validated by the University of Dublin since 1974. In 2012 Trinity College Dublin became a co-trustee with the Brothers of the Institute.[10]

text: The Brothers' schools include primary, secondary and technical schools, orphanages and schools for the deaf. A number of these technical schools originally taught poor children trades such as carpentry and building skills for which they could progress to gain apprenticeships and employment. As the National School system and vocational schools developed in the Irish Republic, the Irish Christian Brothers became more concentrated on secondary education.

text: Contraction[edit]

text: As of 2013, the Christian Brothers were living in 280 houses, and numbered 1,149, including one priest.[11]

text: In 2008 it was reported that not more than ten Christian Brothers were teaching in Irish schools, with the expectation that there would soon be none. This was contrasted with the mid-1960s, when over 1,000 Brothers worked in schools, with no shortage of new recruits.[12]

text: Organizational structure of the Christian Brothers[edit]

text: Geographically, the Christian Brothers are divided into several provinces that encompass every inhabited continent. The brothers within each province work under the direction of a Province Leadership Team. In turn, the entire Congregation operates under the leadership of a Congregation Leadership Team that is based in Rome (and led by the Congregation Leader). These provincial and congregational teams are elected on a six-year basis at Congregation chapters.

text: Restructuring has taken place in the congregation to account for the changing needs, in particular the declining number of brothers in the developed world. The three provinces of North America (Canada, Eastern American, and Western American Province) restructured into the Edmund Rice Christian Brothers North America on 1 July 2005.[13] The provinces that cover Ireland, England and the Congregational Leadership Team in Rome combined into a single European province on May 5, 2007,[14] while the five provinces covering Australia, New Zealand and Papua New Guinea combined into one Oceania province on October 1, 2007,[15] The English Province is a registered charity.[16] The Dublin Headquarters are in the grounds of Marino Institute of Education, Claremont, Griffith Avenue, Dublin 9, Ireland.

text: A special community within this new European province will be based in Geneva, Switzerland, working to establish an NGO known as Edmund Rice International. The purpose of such an organisation is to gain what is known as a "general consultative status" with the United Nations. "This position allows groups the opportunity to challenge systemic injustice and to engage in advocacy work with policy makers on behalf of people who are made poor." As well as including Christian Brothers from provinces all over the world, members of the Presentation Brothers will also have a presence within this community.[17]

text: Edmund Rice Development is a faith-based non-governmental organisation with charity status in Ireland. Based in Dublin, Edmund Rice Development was established in 2009, to formalise the fundraising efforts of the developing world projects for the Christian Brothers globally and received its charitable status in 2009. Funding raised by the charity is directed mainly to nine countries in Africa, where The Christian Brothers work on mission in development: Ghana, Kenya, Liberia, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Additional funds are also raised for similar work in South America (Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, Peru and Uruguay) and India.

text: List of Superiors General[edit]

text: The following is a list of the Superiors General of the Congregation of Christian Brothers.[11][18] In recent times, "Congregational Leader" has been the title used.

text:
Blessed Br. Edmund Ignatius Rice, C.F.C. (1820 – 1838)
Br. Michael Paul Riordan, C.F.C. (1838 – 1862)
Br. James Aloysius Hoare, C.F.C. (1862 – 1880)
Br. Richard Anthony Maxwell, C.F.C. (1880 - 1900)[19]
Br. Michael Titus Moylan, C.F.C. (1900 - 1905)[20]
Br. Calasanctius Whitty, C.F.C.(1905 - 1920)
Br. Jerome Hennessey C.F.C (1920 - 1930)
Br. Joseph Pius Noonan, C.F.C. (1930 - 1950)
Br. Edward Ferdinand Clancy C.F.C (1950 - 1966)[21]
Br. Arthur Austin Loftus (1966 - 1972)
Br. Justin Linus Kelty, C.F.C. (1972 – 1978)
Br. Gerald Gabriel McHugh, C.F.C. (1978 – 1990)
Br. Jerome Colm Keating, C.F.C. (1990 – 1997)
Br. Edmund Michael Garvey, C.F.C. (1997 – 2002)
Br. Philip Pinto, C.F.C. (2002 – 2014)
Br. Hugh O'Neill, CFC (2014 – present)

tag: ol

text: Irish nationalism[edit]

text: The Irish Christian Brothers were strong supporters of Irish nationalism, the Irish language revival and Irish sports. In most of their schools in Ireland Gaelic football and hurling were encouraged as opposed to other sports and there were even examples of boys being punished for playing soccer. Conor Cruise O'Brien called them "the most indefatigable and explicit carriers" of the Catholic nation idea.[22]

text: Sexual abuse of children[edit]

text: In the late 20th and early 21st century many cases were exposed of continuing emotional, physical and sexual abuse of children in the Christian Brothers' care over many decades. Cases emerged in Ireland, Canada, the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom.

text: Australia[edit]

text: The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse documented Christian Brothers activities in Australia and in particular in Ballarat. Twenty-two per cent of Christian Brothers across Australia have been alleged sexual predators since 1950, according to the royal commission. The commissioners concluded that the Christian Brothers "completely failed... to protect the most vulnerable children in their care" and that senior brothers–including Brother Paul Nangle, Ballarat's highest Brother in the 1970s–had deliberately misled police in more recent statements about their knowledge of abuse.[23][24] One school, Christian Brothers' St Alipius boys school in Ballarat East, was staffed almost entirely by paedophiles.[25] Brother Robert Best, Brother Edward Dowlan, Brother Gerald Leo Fitzgerald, and Brother Stephen Farrell have been indicated as sexually abusing children in the royal commission, in parliamentary inquiries, and in court cases.

text: Convicted sex-offenders in Australia include Brother Robert Best, who taught at Catholic primary and secondary schools in Ballarat, Box Hill, and Geelong (all in Victoria, Australia) between the 1960s and 1980s. He was convicted by a jury after pleading guilty to more than 40 child sex offences against dozens of students, some as young as eight years old.[26] Robert Best was sentenced to fourteen years and nine months jail on August 8, 2011. Many of his victims were in court for the sentencing and shouted at him as he was led away.[27]

text: Brother Edward Dowlan (Ted Bales) pleaded guilty to 33 counts of indecently assaulting boys under the age of 16 and one count of gross indecency between 1971 and 1986.[28] The judge found that he had preyed on vulnerable boys as young as eight years old over a 14-year period at six different schools from the first year he became a Christian Brother in 1971. Dowlan has been jailed twice, first in 1996 for six-and-a-half years and then again in 2015.[29]

text: In May 2013, the Christian Brothers admitted to Victoria's parliamentary inquiry into child abuse that they did what they could to defend order members accused of sexual assault against children. They admitted to hiring a private investigator to follow one of Brother Robert Best's victims. They spent nearly A$1 million defending Best and hundreds of thousands of dollars defending other members also accused of rape.[30][31]

text: In December 2014, a royal commission found that "Christian Brothers leaders knew of allegations of sexual abuse of children at four WA orphanages and failed to manage the homes to prevent the systemic ill-treatment for decades."[32][33] The minutes of the meeting of the Christian Brothers Provincials with their lawyers on 7 December 1993 showed that the meeting was not focused on settling the proceedings: the concern was the cost, and there was no sentiment of recognising the suffering of the survivors.[34]

text: During the 2016 Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse in Ballarat, it was found that 853 children, average age 13, had been sexually abused by one or more Christian Brothers.[35] Child abuse complaints had been made against 281 Christian Brothers, and the Congregation had paid A$37.3 million in compensation.[36]

text: During the Ballarat Case Study of the Royal Commission, it was found that Glynis McNeight–a private investigator who was paid by the Christian Brothers through a retained law firm, Doyle Considine solicitors–pursued victims sexually abused by Brother Edward Dowlan and pursued the victims' families. [37][38][39] The commission tabled McNeight's report,[40] which contained strategies to manipulate witnesses: a victim could be “easily be torn down in the witness box", and "The person himself is a very nervous, excitable type who will reduce to tears and bad language easily".[41]

text: The report also documents the efforts of a Senior Constable, Blair Smith, who tried to protect victims from harassment from the private investigator.[42][43] Blair Smith had been one of the first detectives to properly investigate Christian Brother abuse in Victoria, his work in the early 1990s leading to the conviction of Edward Dowlan. Smith said that the Christian Brother order is "run like a Mafia organisation"[44] and that "I think about it [the Christian Brother file] every day of my life".[45]

text: The Royal Commission also showed that the Christian Brothers knew of abuse from Brothers but did not tell police[46] and spent almost $1.5 Million defending paedophiles Brother Robert Best, Edward Dowlan, and Stephen Farrell.[47] The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse found that Gerald Leo Fitzgerald, a Christian Brother, was moved to new locations with continued access to children after abuse allegations had been made.[48] Brother Fitzgerald's victims were exclusively boys, with an average age of eight years old.[23] One victim described the type of behaviour of Fitzgerald to the Commission: "...Brother Fitzgerald was his grade 3 teacher in 1974. He said that at the end of school every Friday Brother Fitzgerald would line up his students and kiss them goodbye. He kissed some with his tongue."[49] He died in 1987 before any charges were laid against him and is buried at the shared Christian Brothers plot.[23]

text: The Royal Commissions final report of Catholic Church authorities in Ballarat was released on the 6th of December.[50] The report found that 56 Christian Brothers had claims of sexual abuse made against them in Ballarat and that there “was a complete failure by the Christian Brothers to protect the most vulnerable children in their care”.[51] The Commissioners found that in one instance a complaint was made to a Brother Nangle about Brother Dowlan's  putting his hands down students’ pants : a student was required to apologise to the school assembly for “spreading lies”.[52][53] (Dowlan was later jailed for multiple instances of sexual abuse.[29])

text: The response to complaints of sexual abuse was "grossly inadequate": most often Christian Brothers were moved to a new location after an allegation had been made.[54] The Report found:

text: Often, the Christian Brother in question was allowed to remain in the position he held where the allegations arose, with continuing access to children.

text: On many occasions, the Brother was moved to a new location after a complaint or allegation was made about his conduct. In some cases, the reason given for the move was to conceal the true reason for it and to protect the reputation of the Christian Brothers and avoid scandal and embarrassment.[55][53]

text: Ireland and the UK[edit]

text: England[edit]

text: In December 2012 the Christian Brothers school St Ambrose College, Altrincham, Greater Manchester, was implicated in a child sex abuse case involving teaching staff carrying out acts of abuse both on and off school grounds.[56][57]

text: Ireland[edit]

text: The Congregation of the Christian Brothers published full-page advertisements in newspapers in Ireland in March 1998, apologizing to former pupils who had been ill-treated whilst in their care. This advertising campaign expressed "deep regret" on behalf of the Christian Brothers and listed telephone lines which former pupils could ring if they needed help.[58] In 2003 the Congregation brought a case against the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse seeking to prevent the Commission from naming brothers accused of child abuse. This case was lost in the High Court, but the congregation appealed to the Supreme Court. The appeal was dropped when the Commission agreed not to name brothers.[59] In May 2009 a report was issued by an independent government commission on child abuse committed on thousands of children in residential care institutions run by various religious institutes for the Irish state.[60] This report found that sexual abuse of boys in institutions run by the Brothers was common. In response, the Irish ecclesiastical province issued a pledge to pay 161 million euros toward a fund set up to compensate male and female victims of such abuse in both their institutions and those run by other religious institutes. As of 2013[update] the Christian Brothers in Ireland continued to seek out-of-court settlement for historical claims initiated by survivors of sexual assault by Brothers committed in day schools managed by the order in Ireland. Towards Healing was set up by CORI to offer therapy to survivors of clerical abuse; it is a Catholic organisation about whose independence there has been controversy. The Christian brothers in Ireland used the services of the L&P group[61] to set up an education trust, its intent being disputed by the liquidator of the Christian Brothers organisation in Canada, representing victims claiming reparations. As of December 2001[update] the liquidator was preparing to investigate an Irish-registered company in his search for tens of millions of pounds of the organisation’s assets.[62]

text: Scotland[edit]

text: In 2016 Fr. John Farrell, Retired priest of the Diocese of Motherwell, the last Head teacher at St Ninian's Orphanage, Falkland, Fife, was sentenced to five years imprisonment. His colleague Paul Kelly, a retired teacher from Portsmouth, was given ten years, both were convicted of the physical and sexual abuse of boys between the years 1979 and 1983. More than 100 charges involving 35 boys were made. The orphanage closed in 1983.[63]

text: Canada[edit]

text: In 1987 men came forward to say that when they were being raised in Mount Cashel Orphanage in St. John's Newfoundland, from the 1950s until the 1970s, they had suffered physical, sexual, and emotional abuse, and that when the Archdiocese became aware of the abuse, it removed brothers who were guilty of these acts, but took no other immediate action. Both the St. John's Archdiocese through the Canadian Conference of Catholic Bishops as well as the Congregation of Christian Brothers have since enacted policies aimed at the prevention of child sexual abuse.[64][65]

text: United States[edit]

text: Christian Brother Robert Brouillette, who had taught at St. Laurence High School, was arrested in April 1998 in Joliet, Illinois, for indecent solicitation of a child.[66] He was convicted in March 2000 of 10 charges related to child pornography.[67] In 2002 a civil lawsuit was filed in Cook County, Illinois, against Brouillette for sexual assault against a 21-year-old man.[68]

text: In 2013 the Edmund Rice Christian Brothers North American Province, known as Irish Christian Brothers, paid US$16.5 million to 400 victims of child sexual abuse across the US, and agreed to enforce a zero-tolerance policy for brothers accused of abuse. This followed the Brothers filing for bankruptcy in April 2011 following rising legal costs, leading to a reorganization settlement between creditors and the order according to the US Chapter 11 bankruptcy code.[69]

text: Publications[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The Christian brothers composed and published a number of text books on several subjects, many in the Irish language, which were used by their schools.

text: Textbooks[edit]

text:
Irish History Reader, Christian Brothers, M. H. Gill & Son, 1905.
Graiméar na Gaeidhilge, Na Bráithre Críostaí, 1907.
Matamaitic na hArdteistiméireachta Na Bráithre Críostaí, 1967.
Leaving Certificate Chemistry, Christian Brothers Congregation, Folens, Dublin, 1970?.[70]
Leaving Certificate Physics [translated from the Irish], Christian Brothers Congregation, Folens, Dublin, 1973.

text: Our Boys[edit]

text: Our Boys was a magazine for boys by Christian Brothers and the Educational Company of Ireland, published from September 1914 until the 1990s. It was based on British Boys Own adventure comics, with illustrated strips and adventure stories in English and Irish. It had an overt Catholic and Irish Nationalist outlook, featuring Irish Legends, GAA figures, the Missions and Catholic juvenile organisations. Illustrator Gerrit van Gelderen contributed to the magazine.[71]

text: Notable Christian Brothers[edit]

text:
John Philip Holland – inventor of the motor-powered submarine
Paul Francis Keaney – Australian educator
Joseph G. McKenna – American educator
Paul Nunan – Australian educator
Blessed Edmund Ignatius Rice – founder of the Christian Brothers and the Presentation Brothers
Michael Paul Riordan – Irish early Christian Brother and second Superior General of the congregation
Patrick Ambrose Treacy – Australian educator and leader of the first Australian community of Christian Brothers.
Brother Robert Cataldus (Cal) Whiting --- Australian Christian Brother who served Indian children, irrespective of their religion, during his entire life.

text: Former pupils[edit]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The television miniseries The Boys of St. Vincent is a fictional story based on real events of sexual abuse that took place at Mount Cashel Orphanage in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, an orphanage run by the Christian Brothers.[72]
The play The Christian Brothers, first performed in 1975 and written by Ron Blair, is a one-man show depicting a Christian Brother teaching at a Catholic school in Australia in the 1950s, focusing much on the Brother's use of corporal punishment.[73]


document_title: Only the Brave (2017 film)

question_text: who does jeff bridges play in only the brave

root

text: Only the Brave (2017 film)

text: Premise[edit]

text: A drama based on the elite crew of firefighters who battled the Yarnell Hill Fire, a wildfire in Yarnell, Arizona in June 2013 that claimed the lives of 19 members of their team.

tag: p

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Josh Brolin as Eric "Supe" Marsh, Amanda’s husband
Miles Teller as Brendan "Donut" McDonough
Jeff Bridges as Duane Steinbrink
James Badge Dale as Jesse Steed
Taylor Kitsch as Chris MacKenzie
Jennifer Connelly as Amanda Marsh, Eric’s wife
Scott Haze as Clayton Whitted
Alex Russell as Andrew Ashcraft
Ben Hardy as Wade Parker
Rachel Singer as Mrs. McDonough, Brendan's Mother
Natalie Hall
Andie MacDowell
Geoff Stults as Travis Turbyfill
Jake Picking as Anthony Rose

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: On March 1, 2016, Josh Brolin and Miles Teller joined the cast of the film.[3] Jeff Bridges and Taylor Kitsch also joined the cast.[4]

text: Principal photography on the film began on June 13, 2016, in New Mexico at different locations in and around Santa Fe and Los Alamos.[5][6][7]

text: Release[edit]

text: Only the Brave is originally scheduled to be released on October 20, 2017, by Sony Pictures. Before that the film was set a release date for September 22, 2017, but a disagreement between Lionsgate and production company Black Label Media saw the distribution rights change to Sony.[8] Lionsgate will retain international rights in select countries for the film.[2] The trailer came out on July 19, and the film was retitled Only the Brave.[9]


document_title: Aging in dogs

question_text: where does the term dog years come from

question_tokens: where does the term dog years come from

text: Aging in dogs

text: Terminology[edit]

text: The terms "dog years" and "human years" are frequently used when describing the age of a dog. However, there are two diametrically opposed ways in which the terms are defined:

text:
One common nomenclature uses "human years" to represent a strict calendar basis (365 days) and a "dog year" to be the equivalent portion of a dog's lifetime, as a calendar year would be for a human being.[1] Under this system, a 6-year-old dog would be described as having an age of 6 human years or 40–50 (depending on the breed) dog years.
The other common system defines "dog years" to be the actual calendar years (365 days each) of a dog's life, and "human years" to be the equivalent age of a human being.[2] By this terminology, the age of a 6-year-old dog is described as 6 dog years or 40–50 human years, a reversal from the previous definition.

text: However, regardless of which set of terminology is used, the relationship between dog years and human years is not linear, as the following section explains.

text: Aging profile[edit]

text: They can be summarized into three types:

text:
Popular myth – It is popularly believed that one human year equals seven dog years. This is inaccurate on two scores, because the first year or two years represent some 18–25 years, and the ratio varies with size and breed.
One size fits all – Another commonly used system suggests that the first two years equal 10.5 years each, with subsequent years equaling four human years. This is more accurate but still fails to allow for size/breed,which is a significant factor.
Size/breed specific calculators – These try to factor in the size or breed as well. These are the most accurate types. They typically work either by expected adult weight[4] or by categorizing the dog as "small", "medium", or "large".

text: No one formula for dog-to-human age conversion is scientifically agreed on, although within fairly close limits they show great similarities.

text: As a rough approximation, the human equivalent of a one-year-old dog is between about 10 and 15 years—a one-year-old dog or cat has generally reached its full growth and is sexually mature, although it might still be lanky and need to fill in a more mature musculature, similar to human teenagers. The second year is equivalent to about another 3 to 8 years in terms of physical and mental maturity, and each year thereafter is equivalent to only about 4 or 5 human years.[5]

text: Emotional maturity occurs, as with humans, over an extended period of time and in stages. As in other areas, development of giant breeds is slightly delayed compared to other breeds, and, as with humans, there is a difference between adulthood and full maturity (compare humans age 20 and age 40 for example). In all but large breeds, sociosexual interest arises around 6–9 months, becoming emotionally adult around 15–18 months and fully mature around 3–4 years, although as with humans learning and refinement continue thereafter.

text: According to the UC Davis Book of Dogs, small-breed dogs (such as small terriers) become geriatric at about 11 years; medium-breed dogs (such as larger spaniels) at 10 years; large-breed dogs (such as German Shepherd Dogs) at 8 years; and giant-breed dogs (such as Great Danes) at 7 years.[6]

text: Life expectancy by breed[edit]

text: Life expectancy usually varies within a range. For example, a Beagle (average life expectancy 13.3 years) usually lives to around 12–15 years, and a Scottish Terrier (average life expectancy 12 years) usually lives to around 10–16 years.

text: Two of the longest living dogs on record, "Bluey" and "Chilla", were Australian Cattle Dogs.[7] This has prompted a study of the longevity of the Australian Cattle Dog to examine if the breed might have exceptional longevity. The 100-dog survey yielded a mean longevity of 13.41 years with a standard deviation of 2.36 years.[8] The study concluded that while Australian Cattle Dogs are a healthy breed and do live on average almost a year longer than most dogs of other breeds in the same weight class, record ages such as Bluey's or Chilla's should be regarded as uncharacteristic exceptions rather than as indicators of common exceptional longevity for the entire breed.[8]

text: A random-bred dog (also known as a mongrel or a mutt) has an average life expectancy of 13.2 years in the Western world.

text: Some attempts [9][10] have been made to determine the causes for breed variation in life expectancy.

text: Sorted by breed[edit]

text: These data are from Michell (1999).[11] The total sample size for his study was about 3,000 dogs, but the sample size for each breed varied widely. For most breeds, the sample size was low. For a more comprehensive compilation of results of longevity surveys, see the breed data tables at the Dog Longevity web site.

text:
Breed
Expectancy (years)

Afghan Hound
12

Airedale Terrier
11.2

American Staffordshire Terrier
12.3

Basset Hound
12.8

Beagle
13.3

Bearded Collie
12.3

Bedlington Terrier
14.3

Bernese Mountain Dog
7

Border Collie
13

Border Terrier
13.8

Boxer
10.4

Bull Terrier
12.9

Bulldog
6.7

Bullmastiff
8.6

Cairn Terrier
13.2

Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
10.7

Chihuahua
15

Chow Chow
13.5

American Cocker Spaniel
12.5

Dachshund
12.2

Dalmatian
13

Doberman Pinscher
9.8

English Cocker Spaniel
11.8

English Setter
11.2

English Springer Spaniel
13

English Toy Spaniel
10.1

Flat-Coated Retriever
9.5

German Shepherd
10.3

German Shorthaired Pointer
12.3

Golden Retrievers
12

Gordon Setter
11.3

Great Dane
8.4

Greyhound
13.2

Irish Red and White Setter
12.9

Irish Setter
11.8

Irish Wolfhound
6.2

Jack Russell Terrier
13.6

Labrador Retriever
12.6

Lurcher
12.6

Miniature Dachshund
14.4

Miniature Pinscher
14.9

Miniature Poodle
14.8

Random-bred/Mongrel
13.2

Norfolk Terrier
10

Old English Sheepdog
11.8

Pekingese
13.3

Pomeranian
14.5

Pug
16

Rajapalayam hound
11.2

Rhodesian Ridgeback
9.1

Rottweiler
9.8

Rough Collie
12.2

Samoyed
11

Scottish Deerhound
9.5

Scottish Terrier
12

Shetland Sheepdog
13.3

Shiba Inu
14

Shih Tzu
13.4

Siberian Husky
13.5

Soft Coated Wheaten Terrier
13.2

Staffordshire Bull Terrier
14

Standard Poodle
12

Tibetan Terrier
14.3

Toy Poodle
14.4

Vizsla
12.5

Weimaraner
10

Welsh Corgi
11.3

Welsh Springer Spaniel
11.5

West Highland White Terrier
12.8

Wire Fox Terrier
13

Yorkshire Terrier
12.8

tag: table

text: Factors affecting life expectancy[edit]

text: Apart from breed, several factors influence life expectancy:

text:
Diet — There are some disagreements regarding the ideal diet. Commonly, senior dogs are fed commercially manufactured Senior dog food diets. However, at least two dogs were listed as having died at 27 years old with non-traditional diets: a Border Collie who was fed a purely vegetarian diet,[12][13] and a bull terrier cross fed primarily kangaroo and emu meat.[14] They died when they were only 2 years and 5 months younger than the oldest reported dog, Bluey (dog).
Spaying and neutering — According to a study by the British Veterinary Association (author AR Michell is the president of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons), "Neutered females lived longest of dogs dying of all causes, though entire females lived longest of dogs dying of natural causes, with neutered males having the shortest lifespan in each category."[11] Neutering reduces or eliminates the risk of some causes of early death, for example pyometra in females, and testicular cancer in males, as well as indirect causes of early death such as accident and euthanasia (intact dogs roam and tend to be more aggressive), but there might increase the risk of death from other conditions (neutering in cited paper only showed an increase in the risk for prostate cancer but has not been repeated in subsequent papers) in males, and neutered males might have a higher rate for urinary tract cancers such as transitional cell carcinoma and prostatic adenocarcinoma.[15][16] Caution should be used when interpreting the results of these studies. This is especially important when you consider the frequency of transitional cell carcinoma and prostate carcinoma in a male dog versus the chance an intact male dog will succumb to death from roaming (hit by car or other injuries), benign hyperplasia of the prostate causing prostatic abscesses or inability to urinate (causing euthanasia if this does not resolve with therapy) or euthanasia due to fighting or aggression.

text: For more information, see Health effects of neutering.

text: A major study of dog longevity, which considered both natural and other factors affecting life expectancy, concluded that:

text: Effects of aging[edit]

text: In general, dogs age in a manner similar to humans. Their bodies begin to develop problems that are less common at younger ages, they are more prone to serious or fatal conditions such as cancer, stroke, etc., they become less mobile and may develop joint problems such as arthritis, and in old age often become less physically active and may even develop dementia. Additionally, they become less able to handle change, including wide climatic or temperature variation, and may develop dietary or skin problems or go deaf. In some cases incontinence may develop and breathing difficulties may appear.

text: The most common effects of aging are:[19]

text:
Loss of hearing
Loss of vision (cataracts)
Decreased activity, more sleeping, and reduced energy (in part due to reduced lung function)
Weight gain (calorie needs can be 30–40% lower in older dogs)
Weakening of immune system leading to infections
Skin changes (thickening or darkening of skin, dryness leading to reduced elasticity, loss or whitening of hair)
Change in feet and nails (thicker and more brittle nails makes trimming harder)
Arthritis and other joint problems
Loss of teeth
Gastrointestinal upset (stomach lining, diseases of the pancreas, constipation)
Weakness in muscles and bones
Urinary issues (incontinence in both genders, and prostatitis/straining to urinate in males)
Mammary cysts and tumors in females
Senility
Heart murmurs

text: Importance of Diet in Aging[edit]

text: By changing the nutrition of your dogs diet as it ages, certain ailments and side effects of aging can be prevented or slowed.

text: Some important nutrients and ingredients in which senior dog diets include are:

text:
Good sources of protein[21] to meet higher protein requirements[22]
Glucosamine[23] and chondroitin sulfate[23] to help maintain joint and bone health
Omega-3 fatty acids[24] for joint and bone health as well as maintaining immune system health
Calcium and phosphorous[25] for maintenance of bone structure
Beet pulp[26] and flaxseed[27] for gastrointestinal health
Fructooligosaccharides and mannanoligosaccharides work to improve the health of the gastrointestinal tract by increasing the number of "good" bacteria and decreasing the amount of "bad" bacteria[28]
Appropriate levels of vitamin E and addition of L-carnitine to support brain and cognitive health[29]
Dietary antioxidants such as vitamin E[30] and beta-carotene[31]


document_title: National FFA Organization

question_text: where is the national convention held for ffa

text: National FFA Organization

text: Overview[edit]

text: The National FFA Organization is a youth leadership organization that makes a positive difference in the lives of young people by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth and career success through agriculture education. The FFA Motto is Learning to do, Doing to learn, Earning to live, Living to serve.

text: FFA functions within the three-circle model of agricultural education as a student leadership organization that complements a student's classroom/laboratory instruction and supervised agricultural experience program.[13] FFA members can compete in Career Development Events (CDE) that cover job skills in everything from communications to mechanics. Some events allow students to compete as individuals, while others allow them to compete in teams.[14] These competitions can happen at a local or district level, state level, and on the national level.

text: Students are supervised by agricultural education teachers in cooperation with parents, employers and other adults who assist individuals in the development and achievement of educational and career goals.

text: Official colors of the FFA are National Blue and Corn Gold.[15]

text: FFA structure[edit]

text: FFA is represented at several different levels across the nation; FFA administration may change from state to state. The basic levels are the national level, serving all of the United States of America, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands; the state level, serving an individual state association; and the chapter level, serving a school or set of schools in an area. By definition, there can be three types of chapters at the secondary level, they are middle for middle school, junior for ninth grade and senior which can be either tenth through twelfth or ninth through twelfth depending on the school. Other levels include districts, subdistricts, sections, regions, areas, and federations.

text: FFA was created to serve high school students, and has moved into middle schools where membership may begin as early as age 12, allowing members to become active earlier and stay active for longer. Each chapter is chartered as part of the state association and national organization. Collegiate chapters exist as well.

text: Most states hold FFA conventions at least once annually, where members gather to compete, be recognized for awards, attend leadership workshops, debate organizational issues in a delegate process, and more. Nationally, the National FFA Convention & Expo is held once a year in the fall. It was held in Kansas City, Missouri, from 1928 to 1998. The convention moved to Louisville, Kentucky, in 1999 before moving again in 2006 to Indianapolis, Indiana. Louisville again hosted the national convention from 2013 to 2015. FFA announced in July 2015 that the national convention would be hosted in Indianapolis each year from 2016 to 2024.[16]

text: Officers of FFA[edit]

text: As the FFA is a member-led organization intended to serve youth around the nation, it elects officers from its own diverse membership to certain levels of FFA. With these basic constitutional officers a basis of parliamentary procedure is completed during meetings and banquets; each officer during these procedures will stand and recite their office level and what it is stationed by, and why the particular position is stationed as so.Typical officer roles are:

text: Constitutional officers[edit]

text:
President — Stationed by the rising sun, a token of a new era in agriculture.
Vice President — Stationed by the plow, the symbol of labor and tillage of the soil.
Secretary — Stationed by the ear of corn, to keep a record of all meetings and correspond with other secretaries wherever corn is grown and FFA members meet.
Treasurer — Stationed by the emblem of George Washington, to keep an accurate account of receipts and disbursements just as Washington kept his farm accounts.
Reporter — Stationed by the Flag, strives to inform the public in order that every man, woman, and child may know the FFA is a national organization.
Sentinel — Stationed by the door, to ensure the door is open to all and keep the meeting room comfortable as well as assist in maintaining order.
Advisor — Stationed by the owl, the time honored emblem of knowledge and wisdom

text: Others may include[edit]

text:
Parliamentarian — Stationed by a copy of Robert's Rules of Order.
Historian — Stationed at the scroll or chapter scrapbook.
Student Advisor — Stationed by the owl or the key.
Chaplain — Stationed by the Bible or Book.
Executive Committee/Executive Board.

text: Each officer is an agricultural student and holds responsibilities needed to serve, and are elected each year by members at the respective levels.

text: National officers[edit]

text:
President - Breanna Holbert, California
Secretary - Erica Baier, Iowa
Eastern Region Vice President - Gracie Furnish, Kentucky
Southern Region Vice President - Ian Bennet, Georgia
Central Region Vice President - Pipper Merritt, Oklahoma
Western Region Vice President - Bryce Cluff, Arizona

text: This allows officers to be elected to one of the four national regions of the FFA, as well as a President and a Secretary

text: List of past national presidents[edit]

text:
2016-2017 - David Townsend, Delaware
2015–2016 - Taylor McNeel, Arkansas
2014–2015 - Andy Paul, Georgia
2013–2014 - Brian Walsh, Virginia
2012–2013 - Clay Sapp, Florida
2011–2012 - Ryan Best, New Mexico
2010–2011 - Riley Pagett, Oklahoma
2009–2010 - Levy Randolph, California
2008–2009 - Paul Moya, New Mexico
2007–2008 - Zach Kinne, Missouri
2006–2007 - Beau Williamson, California
2005–2006 - Travis Jett, Oklahoma
2004–2005 - Jackie Mundt, Wisconsin
2003–2004 - Javier Moreno, Puerto Rico
2002–2003 - Tim Hammerich, California
2001–2002 - Dane White, California
2000–2001 - Trent McKnight, Texas
1999–2000 - Chris Vitelli, Florida
1998–1999 - Lisa Ahrens, Iowa
1997–1998 - Hillary Smith, Georgia
1996–1997 - Corey Rosenbusch, Texas
1995–1996 - Seth Derner, Nebraska
1994–1995 - Corey Flournoy, Illinois
1993–1994 - Curtis Childers, Texas
1992–1993 - Travis Park, Indiana
1991–1992 - Lee Thurber, Nebraska
1990–1991 - Mark Timm, Indiana

text: Official FFA dress[edit]

text: FFA jacket[edit]

text: The most recognizable symbol of the organization is the blue corduroy FFA jacket that is worn by current FFA members. The back of the jacket features a large FFA emblem just underneath the name of each FFA member's state. The name of the local FFA chapter, district, region or area is embroidered below the emblem. The front of the FFA jacket features a smaller FFA emblem on the left chest and the FFA member's name and sometimes, if applicable, office and year on the right chest. FFA members are required to wear the FFA jacket as part of official dress while participating in all official organization activities.[17]

text: The FFA jacket was created to be worn by the Fredericktown Band of the Fredericktown FFA Chapter by Dr. Gus Lintner.[18] It was adopted in 1933.

text: The color of the jacket's corduroy has ranged from shades of blue to shades of purple through the years. In 2004, the National FFA Organization worked with a supplier in North Carolina to set a new standard for the blue corduroy by using samples from archived FFA jackets. The jacket's color standardization was accompanied by a restoration of the embroidered FFA emblems and fit corrections led by Clemson University's Apparel Research Center. The improved FFA jacket, produced in both Van Wert, Ohio and South Vietnam, was first made available in August 2005. Currently, all lettering, embroidery and finishing of FFA jackets is completed by Universal Lettering Company in Van Wert, Ohio.[19]

text: Elements of FFA official dress[edit]

text: FFA members are required to wear official FFA dress while participating in official organization activities. The National FFA Organization recently updated its bylaws, stating that members may choose to identify however they choose in regards to official dress, in order to include transgender as well as gender non-conforming individuals within the organization. For females, official dress consists of a black skirt (black slacks may be appropriate for traveling and outdoor activities), a white collared blouse, an official FFA blue scarf, black dress shoes with a closed heel and toe, black nylon hosiery, and an official FFA jacket zipped to the top. Male official dress includes black dress pants, a white dress shirt, an official FFA tie, black dress shoes with a closed heel and toe, black socks and an official FFA jacket zipped to the top.[17]

text: Awards and pins[edit]

text: FFA members earn metal pins that signify achievement within the organization. These pins can be placed on the front of the FFA jacket,[17] however, official guidelines state that no more than three pins may be worn at one time. The pins are to be placed beneath the FFA member's name on the right chest and can recognize the highest office, highest award, and highest organizational degree. Two exceptions exist within pin placement guidelines. When an FFA member earns a State FFA Degree or American FFA Degree, the award keys should be worn above the name on right chest or attached to the FFA jacket with a standard key chain, and no other pins should accompany these.[17]

text: Traditions[edit]

text: As an organization, the FFA has many traditions and trademarks identifying it as an agricultural education organization:[20]

text: The FFA Motto: Learning to Do, Doing to Learn, Earning to Live, Living to Serve.

text: The FFA Mission: The National FFA Organization is dedicated to making a positive difference in the lives of students by developing their potential for premier leadership, personal growth, and career success through agricultural education.[20]

text: The Official FFA Colors: National Blue and Corn Gold (worn on the Official FFA jackets).[21]

text: The FFA Emblem: Cross section of the ear of corn: represents unity. Where ever you live in the United States, corn is grown everywhere. Rising Sun: signifies progress. It represents that tomorrow will always bring a new day. Plow: signifies labor and tillage of the soil. It also shows the historic foundation of our country's strength. Eagle: symbolizes freedom and our ability to explore the new agriculture world. Owl: represents knowledge. Long recognized for wisdom and knowledge. Agriculture Education and FFA: symbolizes the combination of learning and leadership.

text: The FFA Creed: The creed was written by Erwin Milton "E.M." Tiffany of Lyndon, Kansas[22] and adopted at the 3rd National FFA Convention.[22] It was revised at the 38th and 63rd National FFA Conventions by the assembled delegate body. It is recited by new members to the organization to reflect their growing belief in agriculture and agricultural education. The FFA Creed also must be memorized and recited to earn the Greenhand Degree.

text:
I believe in the future of agriculture, with a faith born not of words but of deeds – achievements won by the present and past generations of agriculturists; in the promise of better days through better ways, even as the better things we now enjoy have come to us from the struggles of former years.

I believe that to live and work on a good farm or to be engaged in other agricultural pursuits, is pleasant as well as challenging; for I know the joys and discomforts of agricultural life and hold an inborn fondness for those associations which, even in hours of discouragement I cannot deny.
I believe in leadership from ourselves and respect from others. I believe in my own ability to work efficiently and think clearly, with such knowledge and skill as I can secure, and in the ability of progressive agriculturists to serve our own and the public interest in producing and marketing the product of our toil.
I believe in less dependence on begging and more power in bargaining; in the life abundant and enough honest wealth to help make it so-for others as well as myself; in less need for charity and more of it when needed; in being happy myself and playing square with those whose happiness depends upon me.
I believe that American agriculture can and will hold true to the best traditions of our national life and that I can exert an influence in my home and community which will stand solid for my part in that inspiring task.

text: Career Development Events[edit]

text: FFA Career Development Event (CDEs) are contests that members compete in to test their skills learned through agricultural education instruction. They vary at the different levels of FFA, and some are contested only at certain levels and certain states, districts, areas or federations.[23]

text: At the national level, there are 24 Career Development Events:[23]

text:
Ag Business
Ag Communications
Ag Issues Forum
Ag Mechanics
Ag Sales
Agronomy (Insects, seeds, etc.)
Dairy Cattle Evaluation
Dairy Cattle Handlers Activity
Dairy Foods
Environmental & Natural Resources
Extemporaneous Public Speaking
Floriculture
Food Science & Technology
Forestry
Horse Evaluation
Job Interview
Land Judging
Livestock Evaluation
Marketing Plan
Meats Evaluation & Technology
Nursery/Landscape
Parliamentary Procedure
Poultry Evaluation
Prepared Public Speaking
Rangeland Judging

text: Wildlife Management

text:
Veterinarian Science
Quiz Bowl

text: Others[edit]

text: Examples of CDEs that can be available at the state level are:

text:
Small Animal Care
Arboriculture
Aquaculture
Safe Equipment Operation
Opening/Closing Ceremonies
Wildlife
Website Development
Entomology
Tractor Operations
Greenhand CDE
F.A.R.M education
Envirothon
Demonstration

text: Supervised Agricultural Experience Programs[edit]

text: To be an active member in the National FFA Organization, a member must have an Supervised Agricultural Experience (SAE) project.[24] The projects involve hands-on application of concepts and principles learned in the agricultural education classroom, with guidelines for the SAE projects governed by the state FFA delegation. SAE programs are grouped into four different areas:

text:
Exploratory – learning about the 'big picture' of agriculture and related careers
Research/Experimentation and Analysis – conducting research or analysis of information to discover new knowledge
Ownership/Entrepreneurship – planning and operation of an agriculture-related business
Placement – working either for pay or experience in an agricultural setting

text: Notable alumni[edit]

text: In politics[edit]

text:
Harold Brubaker, North Carolina state representative, past National FFA Secretary from Pennsylvania
Jimmy Carter, Governor of Georgia, 39th President of the United States
Matt Lohr, Virginia state representative, past state FFA President and National FFA Vice President
Bruce Maloch, Arkansas state senator, past state FFA President and National FFA Secretary
Rick Perry, Governor of Texas, past district FFA officer
Jeff Miller (Florida politician), United States Representative from Florida, past state FFA Secretary
Sam Brownback, Governor of Kansas, past United States Senator & United States representative, past state FFA President and national FFA vice president

text: In entertainment[edit]

text:
Trace Adkins, country music singer
Johnny Cash, country and rock & roll music singer/songwriter, actor
Chris Colfer, actor best known for Glee
Easton Corbin, country music singer/songwriter
Steve Doocy, network-television personality on the Fox News Channel and a best selling author. Co-host of Fox & Friends in the mornings.
Matthew Fox, actor best known for Lost and Party of Five
Brantley Gilbert, country music singer
Don Henley, music entertainer
Toby Keith, country music singer, actor
Lyle Lovett, country music singer
Tim McGraw, country music singer
Eddie Montgomery, country music singer, half of the duo Montgomery Gentry
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles, pop and R&B singer
Willie Nelson, country music singer
Jim Ross, WWE Hall of Famer, past state FFA Vice President
Orion Samuelson, radio broadcaster
Josh Shipp, motivational speaker & entertainer
Taylor Swift, country and pop music singer/songwriter, actress
Craig Morgan, country music singer/songwriter

text: In the arts[edit]

text:
Jim Davis, creator of the Garfield comic strip
Jared Hess, director of Napoleon Dynamite
Nicholas Kristof, Pulitzer Prize Winner, past Oregon State Officer
John Mellencamp, recording artist, co-founder of Farm Aid

text: Other[edit]

text:
Leonard J. Arrington, Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints Historian. "Dean of Mormon History", past National FFA Vice President
Howard Warren Buffett, grandson of famed American investor and philanthropist Warren Edward Buffett, past FFA chapter president
Bo Jackson, American athlete and a former multi-sport professional in American football (NFL) and Baseball (MLB)
Sterling Marlin, NASCAR driver
Brad Meester, American football center for the Jacksonville Jaguars of the National Football League, past FFA chapter president
Rebecca Podio, Miss Wyoming 2013
Bryant Reeves, retired American professional basketball player for the NBA's Vancouver Grizzlies
Carroll Shelby, American automotive designer, racing driver and entrepreneur
Chris Soules, The Bachelorette contestant and The Bachelor star, past Iowa FFA Member
Harry Stine, founder and owner of Stine Seed, past Iowa FFA Member
Mark Tauscher, American football Offensive Tackle for the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League

text: Notable historic events and milestones[edit]

text:
1928: FFA is established
1929: National Blue and Corn Gold is adopted as official colors
1930: Official FFA creed adopted
1944: Future Farmers of America Foundation formed
1953: Future Farmers of America U.S. postage stamp issued by U.S. Postal Service
1965: African American New Farmers of America merged with FFA
1969: Girls are allowed to join FFA
1988: Official Name change from Future Farmers of America to FFA Organization
2006: National FFA Foundation receives first $1 million contribution from Ford Motor Company.
2009: FFA celebrates 40 years of women in the organization.
2010: FFA members earn a record 3,449 American FFA Degrees.
2011: National FFA Alumni Association celebrates its 40th anniversary.
2013: Official FFA Jacket celebrates 80th anniversary.
2015: National FFA celebrates 50 years since NFA merged with the FFA.
2017: National FFA elects first Woman African-American National President, Ms. Breanna Holbert from the State of California.


document_title: 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

question_text: is it head to head or goal difference world cup

text: 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification

text: Qualified teams[edit]

text:
Team

Method ofqualification

Date ofqualification

Finalsappearance

Lastappearance

Consecutivefinalsappearances

Previous bestperformance

 Russia
Hosts
2 December 2010
11th1
2014
2
Fourth place (1966)2

 Brazil
CONMEBOL Round Robin winners
28 March 2017
21st
2014
21
Winners (1958, 1962, 1970, 1994, 2002)

 Iran
AFC Third Round Group A winners
12 June 2017
5th
2014
2
Group stage (1978, 1998, 2006, 2014)

 Japan
AFC Third Round Group B winners
31 August 2017
6th
2014
6
Round of 16 (2002, 2010)

 Mexico
CONCACAF Fifth Round winners
1 September 2017
16th
2014
7
Quarter-finals (1970, 1986)

 Belgium
UEFA Group H winners
3 September 2017
13th
2014
2
Fourth place (1986)

 South Korea
AFC Third Round Group A runners-up
5 September 2017
10th
2014
9
Fourth place (2002)

 Saudi Arabia
AFC Third Round Group B runners-up
5 September 2017
5th
2006
1
Round of 16 (1994)

 Germany
UEFA Group C winners
5 October 2017
19th3
2014
17
Winners (1954, 1974, 1990, 2014)

 England
UEFA Group F winners
5 October 2017
15th
2014
6
Winners (1966)

 Spain
UEFA Group G winners
6 October 2017
15th
2014
11
Winners (2010)

 Nigeria
CAF Third Round Group B winners
7 October 2017
6th
2014
3
Round of 16 (1994, 1998, 2014)

 Costa Rica
CONCACAF Fifth Round runners-up
7 October 2017
5th
2014
2
Quarter-finals (2014)

 Poland
UEFA Group E winners
8 October 2017
8th
2006
1
Third place (1974, 1982)

 Egypt
CAF Third Round Group E winners
8 October 2017
3rd
1990
1
First round (1934), Group stage (1990)

 Iceland
UEFA Group I winners
9 October 2017
1st
–
1
–

 Serbia
UEFA Group D winners
9 October 2017
12th4
2010
1
Fourth place (1930, 1962)5

 Portugal
UEFA Group B winners
10 October 2017
7th
2014
5
Third place (1966)

 France
UEFA Group A winners
10 October 2017
15th
2014
6
Winners (1998)

 Uruguay
CONMEBOL Round Robin runners-up
10 October 2017
13th
2014
3
Winners (1930, 1950)

 Argentina
CONMEBOL Round Robin third place
10 October 2017
17th
2014
12
Winners (1978, 1986)

 Colombia
CONMEBOL Round Robin fourth place
10 October 2017
6th
2014
2
Quarter-finals (2014)

 Panama
CONCACAF Fifth Round third place
10 October 2017
1st
–
1
–

 Senegal
CAF Third Round Group D winners
10 November 2017
2nd
2002
1
Quarter-finals (2002)

 Morocco
CAF Third Round Group C winners
11 November 2017
5th
1998
1
Round of 16 (1986)

 Tunisia
CAF Third Round Group A winners
11 November 2017
5th
2006
1
Group stage (1978, 1998, 2002, 2006)

  Switzerland
UEFA Second Round winners
12 November 2017
11th
2014
4
Quarter-finals (1934, 1938, 1954)

 Croatia
UEFA Second Round winners
12 November 2017
5th
2014
2
Third place (1998)

 Sweden
UEFA Second Round winners
13 November 2017
12th
2006
1
Runners-up (1958)

 Denmark
UEFA Second Round winners
14 November 2017
5th
2010
1
Quarter-finals (1998)

 Australia
CONCACAF v AFC play-off winners
15 November 2017
5th
2014
4
Round of 16 (2006)

 Peru
OFC v CONMEBOL play-off winners
15 November 2017
5th
1982
1
Quarter-finals (1970), Second round (1978)6

text:
1: This is the 4th appearance of Russia at the FIFA World Cup; however, FIFA considers Russia as the successor team of the Soviet Union who themselves qualified on 7 occasions.
2: Russia's best result is group stage in 1994, 2002 and 2014; however, FIFA considers Russia as the successor team of the Soviet Union who achieved this result.
3: Germany between 1951 and 1990 is often referred to as "West Germany", as a separate East German state and team existed then.
4: This is the 2nd appearance of Serbia at the FIFA World Cup. However, FIFA considers Serbia as the successor team of the Yugoslavia and Serbia and Montenegro national teams, who between them qualified on 10 occasions.
5: No official third place match took place in 1930 and no official third place was awarded at the time; both United States and Yugoslavia lost in the semi-finals. However, FIFA lists the teams as third and fourth respectively using the overall records of the teams in the tournament.
6: In 1978, the second round was another group stage which involved 8 teams qualified from the first round.

text: Qualification process[edit]

text: The number of teams participating in the final tournament was 32. Even though the qualification process began in March 2015, the allocation of slots for each confederation was discussed by the FIFA Executive Committee on 30 May 2015 in Zürich after the FIFA Congress.[14] It was decided that the same allocation as 2014 would be kept for the 2018 and 2022 tournaments.[15]

text: Proposal for expansion[edit]

text: In October 2013, UEFA President Michel Platini proposed that the World Cup finals should be expanded from 32 to 40 teams starting from 2018. The format would have been the same, but in groups of five instead of four.[16] This was in response to FIFA President Sepp Blatter's comments that Africa and Asia deserved more spots in the World Cup finals at the expense of European and South American teams.[17] However, FIFA general secretary Jérôme Valcke said that expansion in 2018 would be "unlikely", while Russian sports minister Vitaly Mutko said that the country was "preparing on the basis that 32 teams will be taking part."[18][19] Expansion was ultimately delayed until 10 January 2017, when the FIFA Council voted unanimously to expand to 48 teams starting in the 2026 FIFA World Cup.[20]

text: Summary of qualification[edit]

text: While all FIFA members entered the tournament, not all competed. Zimbabwe were expelled from the competition on 12 March 2015 for their failure to pay former coach José Claudinei a severance fee and Indonesia were excluded from the qualifying competition following the suspension of their football association by FIFA on 30 May 2015.[3] Kuwait had a number of their qualifiers cancelled for a similar suspension that began while their campaign was underway,[21] which eventually resulted in their elimination. Brazil were the first team to achieve qualification for the tournament following their 3–0 victory over Paraguay and Uruguay's loss to Peru on 28 March 2017.[22] Peru became the 32nd and final team to qualify when, 233 days after Brazil secured their place, they beat New Zealand 2–0 on aggregate in the OFC-CONMEBOL play-off.[23]

text:
Confederation

Available slots in finals

Teams started

Teams eliminated

Teams qualified

Qualifying start date

Qualifying end date

AFC
4.5
46
41
5
12 March 2015
15 November 2017

CAF
5
54
49
5
7 October 2015
14 November 2017

CONCACAF
3.5
35
32
3
22 March 2015
15 November 2017

CONMEBOL
4.5
10
5
5
8 October 2015
15 November 2017

OFC
0.5
11
11
0
31 August 2015
15 November 2017

UEFA
13+1
54+1
41
13+1
4 September 2016
14 November 2017

Total
31+1
210+1
179
31+1
12 March 2015
15 November 2017

text: Note: One team each from AFC, CONCACAF, CONMEBOL, and OFC played in the inter-confederation play-offs, between 10–15 November 2017 (CONCACAF v AFC and OFC v CONMEBOL).

text: Note: UEFA total includes +1 for Russia as hosts.

text: Format[edit]

text: The formats of the qualifying competitions depended on each confederation (see below). Each round might be played in either of the following formats:[24]

text:
League format, where more than two teams formed groups to play home-and-away round-robin matches, or in exceptions permitted by the FIFA Organizing Committee, single round-robin matches hosted by one of the participating teams or on neutral territory.
Knockout format, where two teams played home-and-away two-legged matches.

text: Tiebreakers[edit]

text: In league format, the ranking of teams in each group is based on the following criteria (regulations Articles 20.6 and 20.7):[24]

text:
Points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss)
Overall goal difference
Overall goals scored
Points in matches between tied teams
Goal difference in matches between tied teams
Goals scored in matches between tied teams
Away goals scored in matches between tied teams (if the tie is only between two teams in home-and-away league format)
Fair play points
first yellow card: minus 1 point
indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points
direct red card: minus 4 points
yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points
Drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee

text: In cases where teams finishing in the same position across different groups are compared for determining which teams advance to the next stage, the criteria is decided by the confederation and require the approval of FIFA (regulations Article 20.8).[24]

text: In knockout format, the team that has the higher aggregate score over the two legs progresses to the next round. In the event that aggregate scores finish level, the away goals rule is applied, i.e. the team that scored more goals away from home over the two legs progresses. If away goals are also equal, then thirty minutes of extra time are played, divided into two fifteen-minutes halves. The away goals rule is again applied after extra time, i.e. if there are goals scored during extra time and the aggregate score is still level, the visiting team qualifies by virtue of more away goals scored. If no goals are scored during extra time, the tie is decided by penalty shoot-out (regulations Article 20.9).[24]

text: Confederation qualification[edit]

text: AFC[edit]

text: The AFC Executive Committee meeting on 16 April 2014 approved the proposal to merge the preliminary qualification rounds of the FIFA World Cup and the AFC Asian Cup, which will be expanded to 24 teams starting in 2019:[25]

text:
First round: A total of 12 teams (teams ranked 35–46) played home-and-away over two legs. The six winners advanced to the second round.
Second round: A total of 40 teams (teams ranked 1–34 and six first round winners) were divided into eight groups of five teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The eight group winners and the four best group runners-up advanced to the third round of FIFA World Cup qualification as well as qualified for the 2019 AFC Asian Cup finals.
Third round: The 12 teams (an increase from 10 for 2014) which advanced from the second round were divided into two groups of six teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The top two teams of each group qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the two third-placed teams advanced to the fourth round.
Fourth round: The two third-placed teams of each group from the third round played home-and-away over two legs. The winners advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the fourth-placed CONCACAF team.

text: Final positions (third round)[edit]

text: The draw for the third round was held on 12 April 2016 at the Mandarin Oriental Hotel in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.[26]

text:
Group A

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Iran

10

22

2

 South Korea

10

15

3

 Syria

10

13

4

 Uzbekistan

10

13

5

 China PR

10

12

6

 Qatar

10

7

Source: FIFA

Group B

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Japan

10

20

2

 Saudi Arabia

10

19

3

 Australia

10

19

4

 United Arab Emirates

10

13

5

 Iraq

10

11

6

 Thailand

10

2

Source: FIFA

text: Play-off for 5th place (fourth round)[edit]

text: The third-placed teams from each group in the third round played against each other home-and-away over two legs to determine which team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs.

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

Syria

2–3

 Australia

1–1

1–2 (a.e.t.)

text: CAF[edit]

text: The CAF Executive Committee approved the format for the qualifiers of the 2018 FIFA World Cup on 14 January 2015.[27] However, on 9 July 2015 FIFA officially announced that only three rounds would be played instead of four.[28]

text:
First round: A total of 26 teams (teams ranked 28–53) played home-and-away over two legs. The 13 winners advanced to the second round.
Second round: A total of 40 teams (teams ranked 1–27 and 13 first round winners) played home-and-away over two legs. The 20 winners advanced to the third round.
Third round: The 20 teams which had advanced from the second round were divided into five groups of four teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The winners of each group qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

text: Zimbabwe, even though they entered the competition, were expelled on 12 March 2015 for their failure to pay former coach José Claudinei a severance fee.[2] Therefore, only 53 African teams were involved in the draw.

text: Final positions (third round)[edit]

text: The draw for the third round was held on 24 June 2016 at the CAF headquarters in Cairo, Egypt.[29]

text:
Group A

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Tunisia

6

14

2

 DR Congo

6

13

3

 Libya

6

4

4

 Guinea

6

3

Source: FIFA

Group B

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Nigeria

6

13

2

 Zambia

6

8

3

 Cameroon

6

7

4

 Algeria

6

4

Source: FIFA

Group C

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Morocco

6

12

2

 Ivory Coast

6

8

3

 Gabon

6

6

4

 Mali

6

4

Source: FIFA

text:
Group D

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Senegal

6

14

2

 Burkina Faso

6

9

3

 Cape Verde

6

6

4

 South Africa

6

4

Source: FIFA

Group E

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Egypt

6

13

2

 Uganda

6

9

3

 Ghana

6

7

4

 Congo

6

2

Source: FIFA

text: CONCACAF[edit]

text: An amendment to the qualification process for this tournament had been suggested,[30] which would see the first three rounds played as knockout rounds, with both the fourth round and the final round (referred to as 'The Hex') played as group stages. The first round would be played during the FIFA international dates of 23–31 March 2015.[31] CONCACAF announced the full details on 12 January 2015:[32][33]

text:
First round: A total of 14 teams (teams ranked 22–35) played home-and-away over two legs. The seven winners advanced to the second round.
Second round: A total of 20 teams (teams ranked 9–21 and seven first round winners) played home-and-away over two legs. The ten winners advanced to the third round.
Third round: A total of 12 teams (teams ranked 7–8 and ten second round winners) played home-and-away over two legs. The six winners advanced to the fourth round.
Fourth round: A total of 12 teams (teams ranked 1–6 and six third round winners) were divided into three groups of four teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The top two teams of each group advanced to the fifth round.
Fifth round: The six teams which advanced from the fourth round played home-and-away round-robin matches in one single group. The top three teams qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the fourth-placed team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the winners of the Asian Football Confederation play-off.

text: Final positions (fifth round)[edit]

text: The draw for the fifth round (to decide the fixtures) was held on 8 July 2016 at the CONCACAF headquarters in Miami Beach, United States.[34]

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Mexico

10

21

2

 Costa Rica

10

16

3

 Panama

10

13

4

 Honduras

10

13

5

 United States

10

12

6

 Trinidad and Tobago

10

6

text: CONMEBOL[edit]

text: The qualification structure was the same as the previous five editions. The ten teams played in a league of home-and-away round-robin matches. The top four teams qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the fifth-placed team advanced to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the winners of the Oceania Football Confederation qualifying competition.

text: Unlike previous qualifying tournaments where the fixtures were pre-determined, the fixtures were decided by a draw held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia.[35]

text: Final positions[edit]

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Brazil

18

41

2

 Uruguay

18

31

3

 Argentina

18

28

4

 Colombia

18

27

5

 Peru

18

26

6

 Chile

18

26

7

 Paraguay

18

24

8

 Ecuador

18

20

9

 Bolivia

18

14

10

 Venezuela

18

12

text: OFC[edit]

text: The qualification structure was as follows:[36][28]

text:
First round: American Samoa, Cook Islands, Samoa, and Tonga played a round-robin tournament at a single country. The winners advanced to the second round.
Second round (OFC Nations Cup): A total of eight teams (Fiji, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tahiti, Vanuatu, and the first round winner) played the tournament at a single country. For the group stage, they were divided into two groups of four teams. The top three teams of each group advanced to the third round of World Cup qualifying. The top two teams of each group also advanced to the knockout stage (semi-finals and final) to decide the 2016 OFC Nations Cup winners which would play in the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup.
Third round: The six teams which advanced from the second round were divided into two groups of three teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The two group winners met in a two-legged match with the winners advancing to the inter-confederation play-offs, playing the fifth-placed CONMEBOL team.

text: The OFC had considered different proposals of the qualifying tournament.[37] A previous proposal adopted by the OFC in October 2014 would have the eight teams divided into two groups of four teams to play home-and-away round-robin matches in the second round, followed by the top two teams of each group advancing to the third round to play in a single group of home-and-away round-robin matches to decide the winners of the 2016 OFC Nations Cup which would qualify to the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup and advance to the inter-confederation play-offs.[38] However, it was later reported in April 2015 that the OFC had reversed its decision, and the 2016 OFC Nations Cup was played as a one-off tournament similar to the 2012 OFC Nations Cup.[39]

text: Final positions (third round)[edit]

text: The draw for the third round was held on 8 July 2016 at the OFC headquarters in Auckland, New Zealand.[40]

text:
Group A

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 New Zealand

4

10

2

 New Caledonia

4

5

3

 Fiji

4

1

Source: FIFA

Group B

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Solomon Islands

4

9

2

 Tahiti

4

6

3

 Papua New Guinea

4

3

Source: FIFA

text:
Final
The draw for the final (which decided the order of legs) was held on 15 June 2017 at the OFC headquarters in Auckland, New Zealand.[41] The winners of the final advanced to inter-confederation play-offs.

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

New Zealand

8–3

 Solomon Islands

6–1

2–2

text: UEFA[edit]

text: Russia qualified automatically as hosts. The qualifying format for the remaining FIFA-affiliated UEFA teams was confirmed by the UEFA Executive Committee meeting on 22–23 March 2015 in Vienna.[42][43]

text:
First round (group stage): The 52 UEFA teams affiliated with FIFA at the time of the draw were divided into nine groups (seven groups of six teams and two groups of five teams) to play home-and-away round-robin matches. The winners of each group qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, and the eight best runners-up advanced to the second round (play-offs). With the admission of Gibraltar and Kosovo as FIFA members in May 2016, both national teams were eligible to make their debuts in World Cup qualifying.[6] With initially two groups in the first round having only five teams, Kosovo was assigned to Group I as it was decided that Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia should not play against Kosovo for security reasons, and Gibraltar was then added to Group H,[7][8] so that each of the nine groups then had six teams.
Second round (play-offs): The eight best runners-up from the first round played one other team over two legs, home and away. The four winners qualified for the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

text: Final positions (first round)[edit]

text: The draw for the first round was held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia.[28]

text: Qualification to 2018 FIFA World Cup

text: Advance to Second round (play-offs)

text:
Group A

Group B

Group C

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 France

10

23

2

 Sweden

10

19

3

 Netherlands

10

19

4

 Bulgaria

10

13

5

 Luxembourg

10

6

6

 Belarus

10

5

Source: FIFA

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Portugal

10

27

2

  Switzerland

10

27

3

 Hungary

10

13

4

 Faroe Islands

10

9

5

 Latvia

10

7

6

 Andorra

10

4

Source: FIFA

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Germany

10

30

2

 Northern Ireland

10

19

3

 Czech Republic

10

15

4

 Norway

10

13

5

 Azerbaijan

10

10

6

 San Marino

10

0

Source: FIFA

Group D

Group E

Group F

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Serbia

10

21

2

 Republic of Ireland

10

19

3

 Wales

10

17

4

 Austria

10

15

5

 Georgia

10

5

6

 Moldova

10

2

Source: FIFA

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Poland

10

25

2

 Denmark

10

20

3

 Montenegro

10

16

4

 Romania

10

13

5

 Armenia

10

7

6

 Kazakhstan

10

3

Source: FIFA

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 England

10

26

2

 Slovakia

10

18

3

 Scotland

10

18

4

 Slovenia

10

15

5

 Lithuania

10

6

6

 Malta

10

1

Source: FIFA

Group G

Group H

Group I

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Spain

10

28

2

 Italy

10

23

3

 Albania

10

13

4

 Israel

10

12

5

 Macedonia

10

11

6

 Liechtenstein

10

0

Source: FIFA

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Belgium

10

28

2

 Greece

10

19

3

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

10

17

4

 Estonia

10

11

5

 Cyprus

10

10

6

 Gibraltar

10

0

Source: FIFA

Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

Pts

1

 Iceland

10

22

2

 Croatia

10

20

3

 Ukraine

10

17

4

 Turkey

10

15

5

 Finland

10

9

6

 Kosovo

10

1

Source: FIFA

text: In deciding the eight best runners-up, the matches against the sixth-placed team in each group were discarded.[44]

text:
Pos

Grp

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

B

  Switzerland

8

7

0

1

18

6

+12

21

Advance to second round (play-offs)

2

G

 Italy

8

5

2

1

12

8

+4

17

3

E

 Denmark

8

4

2

2

13

6

+7

14

4

I

 Croatia

8

4

2

2

8

4

+4

14

5

A

 Sweden

8

4

1

3

18

9

+9

13

6

C

 Northern Ireland

8

4

1

3

10

6

+4

13

7

H

 Greece

8

3

4

1

9

5

+4

13

8

D

 Republic of Ireland

8

3

4

1

7

5

+2

13

9

F

 Slovakia

8

4

0

4

11

6

+5

12

text: Play-offs (second round)[edit]

text: The draw for the second round (play-offs) was held on 17 October 2017 at the FIFA headquarters in Zürich, Switzerland.[47] The winners of each tie qualified for the World Cup.

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

Northern Ireland

0–1

  Switzerland

0–1

0–0

Croatia

4–1

 Greece

4–1

0–0

Denmark

5–1

 Republic of Ireland

0–0

5–1

Sweden

1–0

 Italy

1–0

0–0

text: Inter-confederation play-offs[edit]

text: There were two inter-confederation playoffs to determine the final two qualification spots for the finals. The first legs were played on 10 and 11 November 2017, and the second legs were played on 15 November 2017.[48][49]

text: The matchups were decided at the preliminary draw which was held on 25 July 2015, at the Konstantinovsky Palace in Strelna, Saint Petersburg, Russia.[28]

text: CONCACAF v AFC[edit]

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

Honduras

1–3

 Australia

0–0

1–3

text: OFC v CONMEBOL[edit]

text:
Team 1

Agg.

Team 2

1st leg

2nd leg

New Zealand

0–2

 Peru

0–0

0–2

text: Top goalscorers[edit]

text:
Robert Lewandowski
 Mohammad Al-Sahlawi
 Ahmed Khalil

text: Cristiano Ronaldo

text:
Tim Cahill
 Romelu Lukaku
 Christian Eriksen
 Sardar Azmoun

text:
Mile Jedinak
 Omar Kharbin
 Edinson Cavani

text:
Carlos Ruiz
 André Silva
 Hassan Al-Haydos
 Ali Mabkhout

text:
Yang Xu
 Mehdi Taremi
 Chris Wood
 Marcus Berg
 Jozy Altidore

text: For each confederation and inter-confederation play-offs, see sections in each article:

text:
AFC
CAF
CONCACAF
CONMEBOL
OFC
UEFA
Inter-confederation play-offs


document_title: Ballon d'Or 2017

question_text: when will the ballon d'or 2017 winner be announced

text: Ballon d'Or 2017

text:
Ballon d'Or 2017

Date
7 December 2017 (2017-12-07)

Hosted by
David Ginola

Winner
 Cristiano Ronaldo

Television/radio coverage

Network
L'Équipe

Directed by
Jérôme Revon

← 2016
Ballon d'Or
2018 →

text: The 2017 Ballon d'Or was the 52nd annual award recognising the best male footballer in the world for 2017.

text: History[edit]

text: The Ballon d'Or is an annual football award presented by France Football. It has been awarded since 1956, although between 2010 and 2015, an agreement was made with FIFA and the award was temporarily merged with the FIFA World Player of the Year, and known as the FIFA Ballon d'Or, but the partnership was ended in 2016 and the award been reversed back to Ballon d'Or while FIFA also renamed its traditional award. Conceived by sports writer Gabriel Hanot, the Ballon d'Or award honours the male player deemed to have performed the best over the previous year, based on voting by football journalists. Originally, only European players were in contention for the Ballon d'Or: in 1995 the award was expanded to include all players at European clubs and in 2007 to all players from around the world.

text: Shortlist[edit]

text: The 30 nominees for the award were announced on 9 October 2017.[1] The winner was announced on 7 December 2017.[2][3][4]

text:
Rank
Player
Club(s)
Points

1
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Real Madrid
946

2
 Lionel Messi
 Barcelona
670

3
 Neymar
 Barcelona
 Paris Saint-Germain
361

4
 Gianluigi Buffon
 Juventus
221

5
 Luka Modrić
 Real Madrid
84

6
 Sergio Ramos
 Real Madrid
71

7
 Kylian Mbappé
 Monaco
 Paris Saint-Germain
48

8
 N'Golo Kanté
 Chelsea
47

9
 Robert Lewandowski
 Bayern Munich
45

10
 Harry Kane
 Tottenham Hotspur
36

11
 Edinson Cavani
 Paris Saint-Germain
32

12
 Isco
 Real Madrid
28

13
 Luis Suárez
 Barcelona
27

14
 Kevin De Bruyne
 Manchester City
25

15
 Paulo Dybala
 Juventus
23

16
 Marcelo
 Real Madrid
21

17
 Toni Kroos
 Real Madrid
20

18
 Antoine Griezmann
 Atlético Madrid
17

19
 Eden Hazard
 Chelsea
16

20
 David de Gea
 Manchester United
15

21
 Pierre-Emerick Aubameyang
 Borussia Dortmund
14

 Leonardo Bonucci
 Juventus
 Milan
14

23
 Sadio Mané
 Liverpool
10

24
 Radamel Falcao
 Monaco
9

25
 Karim Benzema
 Real Madrid
7

26
 Jan Oblak
 Atlético Madrid
4

27
 Mats Hummels
 Bayern Munich
3

28
 Edin Džeko
 Roma
2

30
 Philippe Coutinho
 Liverpool
0

 Dries Mertens
 Napoli
0