document_title: Carmine Falcone

question_text: who plays carmine falcone's daughter on gotham

question_tokens: who plays carmine falcone 's daughter on gotham

text: Carmine Falcone

text: Publication history[edit]

text: Carmine Falcone made his debut in the four-part story Batman: Year One written by Frank Miller and David Mazzucchelli in 1987.

text: In the comics, Falcone is a powerful Mafia chieftain nicknamed "The Roman," where his stranglehold over Gotham City's organized crime is referenced as "The Roman Empire" at least once. In Batman: Year One, his penthouse is designed in a Roman architectural style.

text: Falcone appeared in the mini-series Batman: The Long Halloween by Jeph Loeb and Tim Sale. The character is based on Marlon Brando's portrayal of Don Vito Corleone from the 1972 film The Godfather. Loeb stated in an interview that he paralleled the Falcone family to that of the Corleone family: Falcone's power and wisdom akin to Vito Corleone, his son Alberto's personality and appearance that of Fredo Corleone, and his daughter Sofia's temper matching that of Sonny Corleone. Lastly, his elder son Mario's deportation to Sicily, physical appearance and desire to legitimize the Falcone family are all traits shared with Michael Corleone.

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: In a flashback in The Long Halloween, Vincent Falcone brings his dying son, Carmine (who had been shot several times by Luigi Maroni), to Thomas Wayne. Fearing Maroni would finish the job at a public hospital, he begs Wayne to perform surgery at Wayne Manor. A young Bruce Wayne watches his father save Falcone's life. At Thomas Wayne's funeral, Carmine Falcone tells Bruce that he can always ask a favor of him.

text: In Batman: Year One, Falcone virtually runs Gotham City, with the mayor, the city council, Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb, and Detective Arnold Flass in his pocket. His power comes under attack with the arrival of the mysterious vigilante Batman. In one scene, Batman crashes Falcone's dinner party to announce that all of the corrupt attendees will be delivered to justice.[1] Despite Loeb's desperate attempts to stop him, Batman's attacks on Falcone's organization become even more brazen. Batman invades Falcone's home, strips him to his underwear, and leaves him hogtied to his bed. Humiliated, Falcone orders Batman killed. Batman is too elusive, however, and aids Catwoman in attacking Falcone; Catwoman leaves three scratch marks on his face. Finally, Falcone orders an unsuccessful attempt to kidnap Detective Jim Gordon's family. Eventually, investigations led by Gordon and District Attorney Harvey Dent, with some secret assistance by Batman, restore law and order to Gotham: Loeb is forced to resign and Falcone's power is put under threat by the new opposition he faces. Falcone blames his nephew Johnny Viti for the foiled plot against Gordon and tries to order a hit; Johnny survives and Falcone finds himself at odds with his sister Carla, the head of the Viti crime family in Chicago.

text: During The Long Halloween, the Falcone family is targeted by a serial killer named Holiday. Falcone is able to frustrate his enemies with a careful mix of murder and influence.[2] The situation changes when Batman and Dent discover one of Falcone's warehouses, containing millions in stockpiled cash. They burn the money, striking a blow against Falcone he cannot ignore. This drives him to take desperate measures, hiring "freaks" in the form of what becomes Batman's Rogues Gallery. Infuriated by Dent's efforts to disrupt his operations—and convinced that Dent is the Holiday killer—he persuades his former rival Sal Maroni to kill Dent while standing trial. Falcone's men provide Maroni with a vial of acid, which he hurls at Dent during a court proceeding. This happens on August 2, Falcone's birthday. The acid disfigures the left side of Dent's face, leading to him becoming Two-Face. At the story's climax, Two-Face leads the rest of Batman's Rogue's Gallery (consisting of Catwoman, Joker, Mad Hatter, Penguin, Poison Ivy, Scarecrow, and Solomon Grundy) into breaking into the Falcone penthouse. Two-Face kills Falcone following a coin flip that lands on the scarred side.[3] Falcone's son Alberto confesses to all of the Holiday killings in an attempt to be accepted into the family business.[4]

text: In Batman: Dark Victory, Falcone's grave site is robbed and his body goes missing. His finger is cut off and sent to his daughter, Sofia Gigante, the new leader of the Falcone Family. This is described as an "old style message", signifying that someone is out to take everything away from the Falcone Family. Alberto is put under house arrest, and he begins to hear his father's voice in the home. Ultimately, the dead body of corrupt District Attorney Janice Porter ends up in Alberto's bed while he is sleeping. His father calls him a failure, and urges him to commit suicide. Knowing his father abhorred suicide, Alberto figures out that the voice is part of a ruse, and shoots a mirror: Behind the mirror is the Calendar Man, who shoots him as he tries to escape. When Batman and Gordon investigate, they find secret passages and microphones for the Calendar Man to move freely about the house. They then learn that Scarecrow had laced Alberto's cigarettes with fear toxin. Not until the end is it revealed that Two-Face has Falcone's body in his possession, having frozen it using Mr. Freeze's cryogenic technology. Selina Kyle briefly visits the grave at the conclusion of the story, where it is revealed that she believes that Falcone is her biological father.[5]

text: The New 52[edit]

text: In The New 52 (a reboot of the DC Comics universe), Carmine Falcone appears in the second issue of Batman Eternal determined to reclaim his empire after Commissioner Gordon is framed for mass murder.[6]

text: Falcone's plot to retake control of Gotham City progresses, with it clear that he controls Mayor Sebastian Hardy (who has been the Mayor of Gotham City for 5 years with Falcone's help) and also control of the Gotham City Police Department. While Falcone and Mayor Hardy instruct the police to hunt down Batman, Falcone's henchmen begin attacking arms caches belonging to his chief rival Penguin.[7]

text: It is revealed at the conclusion of the story that Falcone was unaware of the larger plot against Batman, and was simply informed that he would have a chance to strike by an anonymous letter sent to him by the true mastermind.

text: DC Rebirth[edit]

text: In 'War of Jokes and Riddles', a flash to a year after the events of Zero Year, Falcone is contacted by the Joker with strict instructions to kill the Riddler within an hour. His mafia henchmen ultimately fail, leading the Joker to shoot Falcone and place Penguin in charge of the operation on Joker's behalf.[8]

text: Family[edit]

text: The following are relatives of Carmine Falcone:

text:
Vincent Falcone - Carmine's father.
Carla Viti - Carmine's sister. Boss of Viti Family in Chicago.
Louisa Falcone - Carmine's wife. Her current location is unknown.
Johnny Viti - Carla's son and Carmine's nephew.
Lucia Viti - Carla's daughter and Carmine's niece.
Sofia Falcone Gigante - Carmine's daughter. Mario later legally changes his sister's name to Sofia Gigante.
Alberto Falcone - Carmine's son.
Mario Falcone - Carmine's son.
Selina Kyle - Carmine's alleged daughter.
Kitrina Falcone - Carmine's granddaughter.

text: In other media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text:
Carmine Falcone appears in the TV series Gotham portrayed by John Doman.[9] He is depicted as a Mafia Don who has Gotham City's Mayor Aubrey James (Richard Kind), Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb (Peter Scolari), and specific members of the Gotham City Police Department in his pocket. He also claims that Detective Jim Gordon's (Ben McKenzie) late father, who was Gotham's district attorney, was on his payroll. Falcone is served by many operatives including the assassin Victor Zsasz (Anthony Carrigan).[10] Throughout the first season, Falcone faces several threats to his power: his associate Fish Mooney (Jada Pinkett Smith) is secretly planning to overthrow him; Gordon vows to bring him down; and his main rival Sal Maroni (David Zayas) is encroaching on his territory. Falcone enlists small-time criminal Oswald Cobblepot (Robin Lord Taylor) to help him destroy his enemies. Falcone also becomes enamored of a young woman named Liza (Makenzie Leigh), who is secretly working for Mooney. He later strangles Liza to death when he discovers where her allegiances lie. As punishment for her treason, he has Mooney imprisoned and gives control of her nightclub and the remnants of her gang to Cobblepot.[11] Bent on ruling Gotham himself, Cobblepot instigates a turf war between Falcone and Maroni.[12] In the season finale, "All Happy Families Are Alike," Falcone is wounded by Maroni's men, and Cobblepot and his henchman Butch Gilzean (Drew Powell) go to the hospital to kill him. Gordon foils the assassination attempt, however, and takes Falcone, Cobblepot, and Gilzean to Falcone's safehouse - where Mooney and Maroni are waiting, intent on killing them all. During the meeting, Mooney double-crosses Maroni by shooting him in the head, which leads to a fight between Maroni's men and Mooney's gang. While Cobblepot fights Mooney, Gordon, Bullock, and Falcone manage to escape back to Gordon's apartment. Falcone announces that he is going to retire and leave Gotham, and gives Gordon a knife that was given to him by Gordon's father.[13] In the second season, Falcone emerges from retirement to help Gordon escape Blackgate Penitentiary, where he had been jailed on a false charge. He then uses his criminal contacts to smuggle Gordon out of Gotham so he can clear his name. In the third season, Falcone's son Mario Calvi (James Carpinello) gets engaged to Dr. Leslie Thompkins (Morena Baccarin). When an attempt is made on Mario's life, Falcone tortures one of the detained assassins that the Court of Owls arranged the hit. He meets with the group's representative Kathryn and demands that they leave Mario alone, saying that the group owes him for letting them use the Indian Hill property. Kathryn withholds a dark secret about Mario and states that he and those on his side won't win against the Court of Owls if they come after them in retaliation. After his son's wedding, he is confronted by Gordon that Mario has a Tetch virus and he's willing to kill Leslie. He tells Gordon to bring his son alive. In "Mad City: Ghosts," Carmine Falcone attends his son's funeral. In a talk with Leslie Thompkins, Carmine tells Leslie to let him carry the burden of Mario's loss as he had done with other burdens. This leads to Carmine Falcone sending Victor Zsasz to do a hit on Gordon. After visiting Nathaniel Barnes at Arkham Asylum, Leslie tells Carmine Falcone to call off the hit since Mario would've acted the same way that Leslie did. Carmine comments that he knows that Leslie still loves Gordon. When it came to the shootout at Gordon's apartment, Carmine arrived telling Victor Zsasz that the hit has been cancelled causing Victor to take his leave. After Gordon apologizes to him about what he had to do to Mario, Carmine quotes "If it were up to me, you'd be dead." Carmine then takes his leave from Gordon's apartment.
Carmine Falcone appears in the Justice League Action episode "Time Share," voiced by Jason J. Lewis.[14] Chronos, Batman, and Blue Beetle go back in time to Batman's first fight against Carmine Falcone and his men where it was his first case as the Dark Knight. Chronos even tipped off Carmine Falcone which resulted in Batman fighting Carmine Falcone and his men. Batman and Blue Beetle stop Chronos from altering the outcome to protect the past Batman from being erased from the time stream and secretly helpling the past Batman into catching Carmine Falcone while remaining unseen. Carmine Falcone and his men are arrested by the police.

text: Film[edit]

text:
Carmine Falcone appears in Batman Begins played by Tom Wilkinson. He controls Gotham City's criminal underworld, flooding the city with drugs, crime and poverty. He is effectively above the law, as most government officials are either on his payroll or afraid of him. He has Joe Chill (Richard Brake), the murderer of Thomas and Martha Wayne, killed for threatening to testify against him, depriving Bruce Wayne (Christian Bale) of the chance to take his own revenge. Following Chill's death, Wayne confronts Falcone and tells him that not everyone in Gotham is afraid of him. Falcone has his men beat up the young billionaire, and tells him that real power comes from being feared. This inspires Wayne to travel the world in a journey that culminates in his transformation into Batman. When Falcone goes into business with Dr. Jonathan Crane (Cillian Murphy) and their mysterious benefactor Ra's al Ghul (Liam Neeson), he smuggles a hallucinogenic chemical compound into Gotham. In return, Crane, who runs Arkham Asylum, diagnoses Falcone's henchmen as insane when they are arrested so they can avoid prison. Batman foils the plot and hands Falcone to the police. While in prison, Falcone tries to blackmail Crane into giving him a cut of what he believes to be profits from the smuggling operation. In response, Crane sprays Falcone with his fear toxin, literally terrifying him out of his mind. Falcone is incarcerated in Arkham Asylum, where he lies catatonic and mindlessly muttering the word "Scarecrow". He wasn't seen when Ra's al Ghul's men released the inmates at Arkham Asylum.
In The Dark Knight, it is mentioned that Falcone is still in Arkham Asylum. In his absence, Sal Maroni (Eric Roberts) has taken over his crime family.
Carmine Falcone appears in Batman: Year One voiced by Alex Rocco.[15] He is first seen hosting a dinner party with Gotham City's corrupt politicians and crime bosses, which Batman crashes to announce his presence to the criminal underworld. Later on, Batman catches Falcone, strips him naked, and ties him up in his bed after dumping his car in the river. When Falcone makes plans to dispose of Sergeant James Gordon, their meeting is interrupted by Batman and Catwoman, who defeat his men and hand him over to the police. While in the hospital, Carmine orders Johnny Vitti to take out Barbara Eileen-Gordon and James Gordon Jr. killed.

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Tom Wilkinson reprises his role as Carmine Falcone in the 2005 video game version of Batman Begins. In the game, Batman confronts Falcone at the docks to show him that there is now something on the streets worse than his criminal empire, using a crane to lift Falcone's car into the air (with Falcone in it) to make his statement.
Carmine Falcone's crime family is featured in DC Universe Online. In the villain campaign, Killer Croc mentions that he has been hired by the Falcones to put an end to Bane's drug trafficking operations. Some of the Falcones are seen in Penguin's cutscene at the Iceberg Lounge where the Penguin plans to take advantage of the gang war.
The Falcone Crime Family (specifically Carmine) are mentioned several times in Batman: Arkham City. Scanning several items related to the Falcone and Maroni families offer stories about them. The exposition reveals that the Falcones won the war with the Maroni family by first offering to parlay with them in Maroni's restaurant only for Falcone's men to start shooting up the building. The few Maroni Family survivors fled to Bludhaven. One of Hugo Strange's interview tapes reveals that the Falcone Family gave the man that would become the Joker the Red Hood costume he wore during his fateful first encounter with Batman. Another tape reveals that Harvey Dent was the prosecutor of the Falcone Family's trial, which led to Harvey Dent becoming Two-Face upon an unidentified Falcone Family member throwing a vial of acid at him. A boat can be found on Amusement Mile, containing an invoice from Falcone shipping for the attention of Dr. J. Crane, saying the first 15 shipments of "Live Insects for Medical Purposes" have arrived. If the player visits Calendar Man as Catwoman, he hints at Carmine being her father.
The Falcone Crime Family (specifically Carmine) are also mentioned a few times in Batman: Arkham Origins. One of Edward Nygma's extortion tapes, specifically regarding Alberto Falcone, reveal that Black Mask and Carmine Falcone were old acquaintances. In addition, it was revealed through dialogue that Carmine Falcone was forced to give up on the weapons business after Oswald Cobblepot abducted and heavily tortured Alberto, his son. It was also implied that Carmine would have been notified about any potentially untreated psychological issues regarding Alberto by then-shrink in training Harleen Quinzel as a threat to ensure Alberto continued with Hugo Strange's psychiatry therapy sessions.
Carmine Falcone appears in the mobile game Batman: Arkham Underworld, voiced by Jon Polito. Though not appearing physically, Falcone mentions that he is under heat from the new district attorney Harvey Dent and will occasionally pop up after completed missions (specifically ones that involve attacking his businesses) to either express his admiration of the player's "moxie" or give thinly-veiled threats warning the player to back off.
Carmine Falcone appears in Batman: The Telltale Series, voiced by Richard McGonagle. He is shown to have connections with Mayor Hamilton Hill. During a private fundraiser where Bruce Wayne would support Harvey Dent's campaign as Mayor of Gotham City, he ends up meeting Carmine Falcone who wants to discuss a partnership with Bruce Wayne. Bruce rebuffs his offer if the player chooses not to accept the deal making himself an enemy of Falcone. After Batman discovered Carmine Falcone's connections with Mayor Hamilton Hill, he fights pass Carmine Falcone's men and interrogates Falcone about the chemicals. Falcone admits to having ownership of the chemicals, but denies playing a part in the shootout at the warehouse. Falcone also reveals that everything said about the Wayne family being affiliated with his organization is true and this is confirmed when Batman notices a fallen photograph of Falcone and his parents. Batman leaves Falcone for the police to pick up and departs Falcone's headquarters. Carmine Falcone is later placed in medical care by the police. Depending on if the evidence of Carmine Falcone's crimes is handed to either Vicki Vale or James Gordon, nobody will be allowed to see him including his wife. With help from Harvey Dent pulling some strings, Bruce Wayne visits Carmine Falcone who states that he had no knowledge of calling the hit on Thomas Wayne and Martha Wayne. Even after Bruce either ease's his pain or hurts him to get the truth out of him depending on the player's choice, Carmine is asked by Bruce about his parents' deaths. Carmine tells Bruce that he had no part in Thomas and Martha's death while stating that not everybody in Gotham City is trustworthy. Before he can continue talking to Bruce, Carmine Falcone is shot by Renee Montoya who had been drugged by the Children of Arkham.


document_title: Ancient Olympic Games

question_text: where did the first ancient olympics take place

root

text: Ancient Olympic Games

text: Origins[edit]

text: To the Greeks, it was important to root the Olympic Games in mythology.[13] During the time of the ancient games their origins were attributed to the gods, and competing legends persisted as to who actually was responsible for the genesis of the games.[14] These origin traditions have become nearly impossible to untangle, yet a chronology and patterns have arisen that help people understand the story behind the games.[15]

tag: p

text: The earliest myths regarding the origin of the games are recounted by the Greek historian, Pausanias. According to the story, the dactyl Heracles (not to be confused with the son of Zeus and the Roman god Hercules) and four of his brothers, Paeonaeus, Epimedes, Iasius and Idas, raced at Olympia to entertain the newborn Zeus. He crowned the victor with an olive tree wreath (which thus became a peace symbol), which also explains the four year interval, bringing the games around every fifth year (counting inclusively).[16][17] The other Olympian gods (so named because they lived permanently on Mount Olympus) would also engage in wrestling, jumping and running contests.[18]

text: Another myth of the origin of the games is the story of Pelops, a local Olympian hero. The story of Pelops begins with Oenomaus, the king of Pisa, Greece, who had a beautiful daughter named Hippodamia. According to an oracle, the king would be killed by her husband. Therefore, he decreed that any young man who wanted to marry his daughter was required to drive away with her in his chariot, and Oenomaus would follow in another chariot, and spear the suitor if he caught up with them. Now, the king's chariot horses were a present from the god Poseidon and were therefore supernaturally fast. Pelops was a very handsome young man and the king's daughter fell in love with him. Before the race, she persuaded her father's charioteer Myrtilus to replace the bronze axle pins of the king's chariot with wax ones. Naturally, during the race, the wax melted and the king fell from his chariot and was killed. At the same time, the king's palace was struck by lightning and reduced to ashes, save for one wooden pillar that was revered in the Altis for centuries, and stood near what was to be the site of the temple of Zeus. Pelops was proclaimed the winner and married Hippodamia. After his victory, Pelops organized chariot races as thanksgiving to the gods and as funeral games in honor of King Oenomaus, in order to be purified of his death. It was from this funeral race held at Olympia that the beginnings of the Olympic Games were inspired. Pelops became a great king, a local hero, and he gave his name to the Peloponnese.

text: One other myth, this one occurring after the aforementioned myth, is attributed to Pindar. He claims the festival at Olympia involved Heracles, the son of Zeus. The story goes that after completing his labors, Heracles established an athletic festival to honor his father.

text: The games of previous millennia were discontinued and then revived by Lycurgus of Sparta, Iphitos of Elis, and Cleisthenes of Pisa at the behest of the Oracle of Delphi who claimed that the people had strayed from the gods, which had caused a plague and constant war. Restoration of the games would end the plague, usher in a time of peace, and signal a return to a more traditional lifestyle.[19] The patterns that emerge from these myths are that the Greeks believed the games had their roots in religion, that athletic competition was tied to worship of the gods, and the revival of the ancient games was intended to bring peace, harmony and a return to the origins of Greek life.[20]

text: Since these myths were documented by historians like Pausanias, who lived during the reign of Marcus Aurelius in the AD 160, it is likely that these stories are more fable than fact. It was often supposed that the origins of many aspects of the Olympics date to funeral games of the Mycenean period and later.[21] Alternatively, the games were thought to derive from some kind of vegetation magic or from initiation ceremonies. The most recent theory traces the origins of the games to large game hunting and related animal ceremonialism.[22]

text: History[edit]

text: The Olympic games were held to be one of the two central rituals in ancient Greece, the other being the much older religious festival, the Eleusinian Mysteries.[23]

text: The games started in Olympia, Greece, in a sanctuary site for the Greek deities near the towns of Elis and Pisa (both in Elis on the peninsula of Peloponnesos). The first games began as an annual foot race of young women in competition for the position of the priestess for the goddess, Hera,[24] and a second race was instituted for a consort for the priestess who would participate in the religious traditions at the temple.[25]

text: The Heraean Games, the first recorded competition for women in the Olympic Stadium, were held as early as the sixth century BC. It originally consisted of foot races only, as did the competition for males. Some texts, including Pausanias's Description of Greece, c. AD 175, state that Hippodameia gathered a group known as the "Sixteen Women" and made them administrators of the Heraea Games, out of gratitude for her marriage to Pelops. Other texts related to the Elis and Pisa conflict indicate that the "Sixteen Women" were peacemakers from Pisa and Elis and, because of their political competence, became administrators of the Heraea. Being the consort of Hera in Classical Greek mythology, Zeus was the father of the deities in the pantheon of that era. The Sanctuary of Zeus in Olympia housed a 13-metre-high (43 ft) statue in ivory and gold of Zeus that had been sculpted by Phidias circa 445 BC. This statue was one of the ancient Seven Wonders of the World. By the time of the Classical Greek culture, in the fifth and fourth centuries BC, the games were restricted to male participants.

text: The historian Ephorus, who lived in the fourth century BC, is one potential candidate for establishing the use of Olympiads to count years, although credit for codifying this particular epoch usually falls to Hippias of Elis, to Eratosthenes, or even to Timaeus, whom Eratosthenes may have imitated.[26][27][28] The Olympic Games were held at four-year intervals, and later, the ancient historians' method of counting the years even referred to these games, using the term Olympiad for the period between two games. Previously, the local dating systems of the Greek states were used (they continued to be used by everyone except the historians), which led to confusion when trying to determine dates. For example, Diodorus states that there was a solar eclipse in the third year of the 113th Olympiad, which must be the eclipse of 316 BC. This gives a date of (mid-summer) 765 BC for the first year of the first Olympiad.[29] Nevertheless, there is disagreement among scholars as to when the games began.[30]

text: The only competition held then was, according to the later Greek traveller Pausanias who wrote in AD 175, the stadion race, a race over about 190 metres (620 feet), measured after the feet of Hercules. The word stadium is derived from this foot race.

text: The Greek tradition of athletic nudity (gymnos)[31] was introduced in 720 BC, either by the Spartans or by the Megarian Orsippus, and this was adopted early in the Olympics as well.

text: Several groups fought over control of the sanctuary at Olympia, and hence the games, for prestige and political advantage. Pausanias later writes that in 668 BC, Pheidon of Argos was commissioned by the town of Pisa to capture the sanctuary from the town of Elis, which he did and then personally controlled the games for that year. The next year, Elis regained control.

text: The Olympic Games were part of the Panhellenic Games, four separate games held at two- or four-year intervals, but arranged so that there was at least one set of games every year. The Olympic Games were more important and more prestigious than the Pythian, Nemean, and Isthmian Games.

text: The games were in decline for many years but continued past AD 385, by which time flooding and earthquakes had damaged the buildings and invasions by barbarians had reached Olympia.[32] In 394 Theodosius I banned all pagan festivals, but archeological evidence indicates that some games were still held.[33]

text: Culture[edit]

text: The ancient Olympics were as much a religious festival as an athletic event. The games were held in honor of the Greek god Zeus, and on the middle day of the games, 100 oxen would be sacrificed to him.[12] Over time Olympia, the site of the games, became a central spot for the worship of the head of the Greek pantheon and a temple, built by the Greek architect Libon, was erected on the mountaintop. The temple was one of the largest Doric temples in Greece.[12] The sculptor Pheidias created a statue of the god made of gold and ivory. It stood 42 feet (13 m) tall. It was placed on a throne in the temple. The statue became one of the seven wonders of the ancient world.[12] As the historian Strabo put it,

text: ... the glory of the temple persisted ... on account both of the festal assembly and of the Olympian Games, in which the prize was a crown and which were regarded as sacred, the greatest games in the world. The temple was adorned by its numerous offerings, which were dedicated there from all parts of Greece.[12]

text: Artistic expression was a major part of the games. Sculptors, poets, painters and other artisans would come to the games to display their works in what became an artistic competition. Sculptors created works like Myron's Diskobolos or Discus Thrower. Their aim was to highlight natural human movement and the shape of muscles and the body. Poets would be commissioned to write poems in praise of the Olympic victors. Such victory songs or epinicians, were passed on from generation to generation and many of them have lasted far longer than any other honor made for the same purpose.[34] Pierre de Coubertin, one of the founders of the modern Olympic Games, wanted to fully imitate the ancient Olympics in every way. Included in his vision was an artistic competition modeled on the ancient Olympics and held every four years, during the celebration of the Olympic Games.[35] His desire came to fruition at the Olympics held in Athens in 1896.[36]

text: Politics[edit]

text: Power in ancient Greece became centered around the city-state in the 8th century BC.[37] The city-state was a population center organized into a self-contained political entity.[38] These city-states often lived in close proximity to each other, which created competition for limited resources. Though conflict between the city-states was ubiquitous, it was also in their self-interest to engage in trade, military alliances and cultural interaction.[39] The city-states had a dichotomous relationship with each other: on one hand, they relied on their neighbors for political and military alliances, while on the other they competed fiercely with those same neighbors for vital resources.[40] The Olympic Games were established in this political context and served as a venue for representatives of the city-states to peacefully compete against each other.[41]

text: In the first 200 years of the games' existence, they only had regional religious importance. Only Greeks in proximity to the mountain competed in these early games. This is evidenced by the dominance of Peloponnesian athletes in the victors' rolls.[42] The spread of Greek colonies in the 5th and 6th centuries BC is repeatedly linked to successful Olympic athletes. For example, Pausanias recounts that Cyrene was founded c. 630 BC by settlers from Thera with Spartan support. The support Sparta gave was primarily the loan of three-time Olympic champion Chionis. The appeal of settling with an Olympic champion helped to populate the colonies and maintain cultural and political ties with the city-states near Olympia. Thus, Hellenic culture and the games spread while the primacy of Olympia persisted.[43]

text: The games faced a serious challenge during the Peloponnesian War, which primarily pitted Athens against Sparta, but, in reality, touched nearly every Hellenic city-state.[44] The Olympics were used during this time to announce alliances and offer sacrifices to the gods for victory.[12][45]

text: During the Olympic Games, a truce, or ekecheiria was observed. Three runners, known as spondophoroi, were sent from Elis to the participant cities at each set of games to announce the beginning of the truce.[46] During this period, armies were forbidden from entering Olympia and legal disputes and the use of the death penalty were forbidden. The truce was primarily designed to allow athletes and visitors to travel safely to the games and was, for the most part, observed.[46] Thucydides wrote of a situation when the Spartans were forbidden from attending the games, and the violators of the truce were fined 2,000 minae for assaulting the city of Lepreum during the period of the ekecheiria. The Spartans disputed the fine and claimed that the truce had not yet taken hold.[45][47]

text: While a martial truce was observed by all participating city-states, no such reprieve from conflict existed in the political arena. The Olympic Games evolved the most influential athletic and cultural stage in ancient Greece, and arguably in the ancient world.[48] As such the games became a vehicle for city-states to promote themselves. The result was political intrigue and controversy. For example, Pausanias, a Greek historian, explains the situation of the athlete Sotades,

text: Sotades at the ninety-ninth Festival was victorious in the long race and proclaimed a Cretan, as in fact he was. But at the next Festival he made himself an Ephesian, being bribed to do so by the Ephesian people. For this act he was banished by the Cretans.[12]

text: Events[edit]

text:
Events at the Olympics

Olympiad
Year
Event first introduced

1st
776 BC
Stade

14th
724 BC
Diaulos

15th
720 BC
Long distance race (Dolichos)

18th
708 BC
Pentathlon, Wrestling

23rd
688 BC
Boxing (pygmachia)

25th
680 BC
Four horse chariot race (tethrippon)

33rd
648 BC
Horse race (keles), Pankration

37th
632 BC
Boys stade and wrestling

38th
628 BC
Boys pentathlon

41st
616 BC
Boys boxing

65th
520 BC
Hoplite race (hoplitodromos)

70th
500 BC
Mule-cart race (apene)

93rd
408 BC
Two horse chariot race (synoris)

96th
396 BC
Competition for heralds and trumpeters

99th
384 BC
Tethrippon for horse over one year

128th
266 BC
Chariot for horse over one year

131st
256 BC
Race for horses older than one year

145th
200 BC
Pankration for boys

tag: table

text: Apparently starting with just a single foot race, the program gradually increased to twenty-three contests, although no more than twenty featured at any one Olympiad.[49] Participation in most events was limited to male athletes except for women who were allowed to take part by entering horses in the equestrian events. Youth events are recorded as starting in 632 BC. Our knowledge of how the events were performed primarily derives from the paintings of athletes found on many vases, particularly those of the Archaic and Classical periods.[50]

text: Running[edit]

text: The only event recorded at the first thirteen games was the stade, a straight-line sprint of just over 192 metres.[51] The diaulos (lit. "double pipe"), or two-stade race, is recorded as being introduced at the 14th Olympiad in 724 BC. It is thought that competitors ran in lanes marked out with lime or gypsum for the length of a stade then turned around separate posts (kampteres), before returning to the start line.[52] Xenophanes wrote that "Victory by speed of foot is honored above all."

text: A third foot race, the dolichos ("long race"), was introduced in the next Olympiad. Accounts of the race's distance differ, it seems to have been from twenty to twenty-four laps of the track, around 7.5 km to 9 km, although it may have been lengths rather than laps and thus half as far.[53][54]

text: The last running event added to the Olympic program was the hoplitodromos, or "Hoplite race", introduced in 520 BC and traditionally run as the last race of the games. Competitors ran either a single or double diaulos (approximately 400 or 800 metres) in full military armour.[55] The hoplitodromos was based on a war tactic of soldiers running in full armor to surprise the enemy.

text: Combat[edit]

text: Wrestling (pale) is recorded as being introduced at the 18th Olympiad. Three throws were necessary for a win. A throw was counted if the body, hip, back or shoulder (and possibly knee) touched the ground. If both competitors fell nothing was counted. Unlike its modern counterpart Greco-Roman wrestling, it is likely that tripping was allowed.[56]

text: Boxing (pygmachia) was first listed in 688 BC,[57] the boys event sixty years later. The laws of boxing were ascribed to the first Olympic champion Onomastus of Smyrna.[58] It appears body-blows were either not permitted or not practised.[59][60] The Spartans, who claimed to have invented boxing, quickly abandoned it and did not take part in boxing competitions.[58] At first the boxers wore himantes (sing. himas), long leather strips which were wrapped around their hands.[57]

text: The pankration was introduced in the 33rd Olympiad (648 BC).[61] Boys' pankration became an Olympic event in 200 BC, in the 145th Olympiad.[62] As well as techniques from boxing and wrestling, athletes used kicks,[63] locks, and chokes on the ground. Although the only prohibitions were against biting and gouging, the pankration was regarded as less dangerous than boxing.[64]

text: It was one of the most popular events: Pindar wrote eight odes praising victors of the pankration.[65] A famous event in the sport was the posthumous victory of Arrhichion of Phigaleia who "expired at the very moment when his opponent acknowledged himself beaten."[66][67]

text: Pentathlon[edit]

text: The pentathlon was a competition made up of five events: running, long jump, discus throw, javelin throw and wrestling.[68] The pentathlon is said to have first appeared at the 18th Olympiad in 708 BC.[69] The competition was held on a single day,[70] but it is not known how the victor was decided,[71][72] or in what order the events occurred,[73] except that it finished with the wrestling.[74]

text: Equestrian[edit]

text: Horse racing and chariot racing were the most prestigious competitions in the games, due to only the wealthy being able to afford the maintenance and transportation of horses. These races consisted of different events: the four-horse chariot race, the two-horse chariot race, and the horse with rider race, the rider being hand picked by the owner. The four-horse chariot race was the first equestrian event to feature in the Olympics, being introduced in 680 BC. It consisted of two horses that were harnessed under a Yoke in the middle, and two outer horses that were attached with a rope.[75] The two-horse chariot was introduced in 408 BC.[76] The horse with rider competition on the other hand, was introduced in 648 BC. In this race, Greeks didn't use saddles or stirrups, so they required good grip and balance.[77]

text: In AD 67, the Roman Emperor Nero competed in the chariot race at Olympia. He was thrown from his chariot and was thus unable to finish the race. Nevertheless, he was declared the winner on the basis that he would have won if he had finished the race.[78]

text: Famous athletes[edit]

text:
From Sparta

Cynisca of Sparta (owner of a four-horse chariot) (first woman to be listed as an Olympic victor)

From Rhodes:

Diagoras of Rhodes (boxing 79th Olympiad, 464 BC) and his sons Akusilaos and Damagetos (boxing and pankration)
Leonidas of Rhodes (running: stadion, diaulos and hoplitodromos) (His record of 12 individual olympic titles was broken in 2016 by Michael Phelps who received his 13th original title.[79][80][81])

From Croton:

Astylos of Croton (running: stadion, diaulos and hoplitodromos)
Milo of Croton (wrestling)
Timasitheos of Croton (wrestling)[82]

From other cities/kingdoms:

Koroibos of Elis (stadion, the very first Olympic champion)
Orsippus of Megara (running: diaulos)
Theagenes of Thasos (boxer, pankratiast and runner)
Alexander I of Macedon (running: stadion) [83]
Dionysodorus, Theban[84]

Non-Greek:

Tiberius (steerer of a four-horse chariot)[85]
Nero (steerer of a ten-horse chariot)
Varastades, Prince and future King of Armenia, last known Ancient Olympic victor (boxing) during the 291st Olympic Games in the 4th century[86]

tag: ul

text: Olympic festivals in other places[edit]

text: Athletic festivals under the name of "Olympic games", named in imitation of the original festival at Olympia, were established over time in various places all over the Greek world. Some of these are only known to us by inscriptions and coins; but others, as the Olympic festival at Antioch, obtained great celebrity. After these Olympic festivals had been established in several places, the great Olympic festival itself was sometimes designated in inscriptions by the addition of Pisa.[87]


question_text: who scored most goals in international football history

text: List of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals[edit]

text: As of 6 July 2018. Players in bold are still active at international level.

text:
Indicates the FIFA world top scorer.

Indicates the top scorer of the respective confederation.

Indicates the top scorer of the respective nation.

text:
#

Name

Nation

Confederation

International  goals

Caps

Goals  per match

Career span

Notes

1

Ali Daei

 Iran

AFC

109
149
0.73
1993–2006
[1]

2

Cristiano Ronaldo

 Portugal

UEFA

85
154
0.56
2003–

3

Ferenc Puskás

 Hungary
 Spain

UEFA

84
89
0.94
1945–1962

4

Kunishige Kamamoto

 Japan

AFC

80
84
0.95
1964–1977

5

Godfrey Chitalu

 Zambia

CAF

79
108
0.71
1968–1980
[2]

6

Hussein Saeed

 Iraq

AFC

78
137
0.57
1977–1990

7

Pelé

 Brazil

CONMEBOL

77
91
0.85
1957–1971
[3]

8

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

UEFA

75
68
1.10
1948–1956

Bashar Abdullah

 Kuwait

AFC

75
134
0.56
1996–2018

10

Kinnah Phiri

 Malawi

CAF

71
115
0.62
1973–1981

Majed Abdullah

 Saudi Arabia

AFC

71
116
0.61
1977–1994

Kiatisuk Senamuang

 Thailand

AFC

71
134
0.53
1993–2007

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

UEFA

71
137
0.52
2001–2014

14

Piyapong Pue-on

 Thailand

AFC

70
100
0.70
1981–1997

Stern John

 Trinidad and Tobago

CONCACAF

70
115
0.61
1995–2012

Hossam Hassan

 Egypt

CAF

70
169
0.41
1985–2006
[4][5]

17

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

UEFA

68
62
1.10
1966–1974

Carlos Ruiz

 Guatemala

CONCACAF

68
132
0.52
1998–2016

Robbie Keane

 Republic of Ireland

UEFA

68
146
0.46
1998–2016[6]
[1][7][8]

20

Didier Drogba

 Ivory Coast

CAF

65
104
0.61
2002–2014
[9]

Lionel Messi

 Argentina

CONMEBOL

65
128
0.51
2005–
[10]

22

Sunil Chhetri

 India

AFC

64
101
0.63
2005–

23

Ronaldo

 Brazil

CONMEBOL

62
98
0.63
1994–2011

Zlatan Ibrahimović

 Sweden

UEFA

62
116
0.53
2001–2016

Ahmed Radhi

 Iraq

AFC

62
121
0.51
1982–1997

26

Imre Schlosser

 Hungary

UEFA

59
68
0.87
1906–1927

David Villa

 Spain

UEFA
59
98
0.60
2005–

28

Cha Bum-kun

 South Korea

AFC

58
135
0.42
1972–1986

29

Neymar

 Brazil

CONMEBOL

57
90
0.63
2010–

Carlos Pavón

 Honduras

CONCACAF

57
101
0.56
1993–2010

Clint Dempsey

 United States

CONCACAF

57
141
0.40
2004–2018

Landon Donovan

 United States

CONCACAF

57
157
0.36
2000–2014

Younis Mahmoud

 Iraq

AFC

57
148
0.39
2002–2016

34

Romário

 Brazil

CONMEBOL

55
70
0.79
1987–2005

Kazuyoshi Miura

 Japan

AFC

55
89
0.62
1990–2000

Jan Koller

 Czech Republic

UEFA

55
91
0.60
1999–2009

Robert Lewandowski

 Poland

UEFA

55
98
0.56
2008–

Fandi Ahmad

 Singapore

AFC

55
101
0.55
1979–1997

Bader Al-Mutawa

 Kuwait

AFC

55
162
0.32
2003–

40

Gabriel Batistuta

 Argentina

CONMEBOL

54
77
0.70
1991–2002

Samuel Eto'o

 Cameroon

CAF

54
118
0.46
1997–2014
[11]

42

Joachim Streich

 East Germany

UEFA

53
98
0.54
1969–1984
[12]

Luis Suárez

 Uruguay

CONMEBOL

53
103
0.51
2007–

Wayne Rooney

 England

UEFA

53
119
0.44
2003–2016

45

Poul Nielsen

 Denmark

UEFA

52
38
1.37
1910–1925

Ali Ashfaq

 Maldives

AFC

52
78
0.66
2003–

Edin Džeko

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

UEFA

52
89
0.59
2007–

Jon Dahl Tomasson

 Denmark

UEFA

52
112
0.46
1997–2010

Adnan Al Talyani

 United Arab Emirates

AFC

52
161
0.32
1983–1997

50

Lajos Tichy

 Hungary

UEFA

51
72
0.71
1955–1971

Lê Công Vinh

 Vietnam

AFC

51
83
0.61
2004–2016

Asamoah Gyan

 Ghana

CAF

51
106
0.48
2003–

Hakan Şükür

 Turkey

UEFA

51
112
0.46
1992–2007

Thierry Henry

 France

UEFA

51
123
0.41
1997–2010

55

Karim Bagheri

 Iran

AFC

50
87
0.58
1993–2010

Phil Younghusband

 Philippines

AFC

50
97
0.52
2006–

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands

UEFA

50
102
0.49
2005–

Hwang Sun-hong

 South Korea

AFC

50
103
0.49
1988–2002

Javier Hernández

 Mexico

CONCACAF

50
106
0.48
2009–

Tim Cahill

 Australia

OFC/AFC

50
107
0.47
2004–

Shinji Okazaki

 Japan

AFC

50
116
0.43
2008–

text: Number of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals by country[edit]

text:
Footballers

Country

Confederation

4
 Brazil
CONMEBOL

 Hungary
UEFA

3
 Iraq
AFC

 Japan
AFC

2
 Argentina
CONMEBOL

 Denmark
UEFA

 Germany(including  West Germany)
UEFA

 Iran
AFC

 Kuwait
AFC

 South Korea
AFC

 Thailand
AFC

 United States
CONCACAF

1
 Australia
OFC through 2005AFC 2006–present

 Bosnia and Herzegovina
UEFA

 Cameroon
CAF

 Czech Republic
UEFA

 Egypt
CAF

 England
UEFA

 France
UEFA

 East Germany
UEFA

 Ghana
CAF

 Guatemala
CONCACAF

 Honduras
CONCACAF

 India
AFC

 Ivory Coast
CAF

 Malawi
CAF

 Maldives
AFC

 Mexico
CONCACAF

 Netherlands
UEFA

 Philippines
AFC

 Poland
UEFA

 Portugal
UEFA

 Republic of Ireland
UEFA

 Saudi Arabia
AFC

 Singapore
AFC

 Spain
UEFA

 Sweden
UEFA

 Trinidad and Tobago
CONCACAF

 Turkey
UEFA

 United Arab Emirates
AFC

 Uruguay
CONMEBOL

 Vietnam
AFC

 Zambia
CAF

text: Number of men's footballers with 50 or more international goals by Confederation[edit]

text:
Footballers

Confederation

22
AFC

20
UEFA

7
CONMEBOL

6
CAF

6
CONCACAF

0
OFC

61
Total


document_title: Tracey Breaks the News

question_text: who plays jacob rees mogg in tracey ullman

text: Tracey Breaks the News

text: Premise[edit]

text: Tracey Ullman and her roster of characters, including impersonations of world leaders, put their spin on both domestic and global affairs.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: For years, Ullman made a concerted effort to steer clear of doing straight-up impersonations of celebrities, believing it was delving into Saturday Night Live territory.[4] She instead opted for "amalgamations" - combining elements of well-known people (look, voice, mannerisms, profession) thereby creating original characters.[5] However, by the dawn of the new millennium, she felt that the world's celebrity-driven culture called for her to finally add celebrities to her character repertoire, and she did this with her show Tracey Ullman's State of the Union.  Critics noted a shift in the usually not overtly political Ullman.[6] Union took on such lofty topics such as healthcare, immigration, gun culture, war, and the 24-hour news media. Impersonations included political figures including the then House Majority Leader Nancy Pelosi, the former First Lady Laura Bush, the former First Lady of France Carla Bruni, the congressman Barney Frank, political talking heads Arianna Huffington, Rachel Maddow and Meghan McCain, and the television news journalist Christiane Amanpour.

text: When the BBC approached her in 2014 with the possibility of returning to the broadcaster and creating a new show, Ullman was keen on doing a show about modern-day Britain and "national treasures", "which I think we have in England."[7] Political figures such as the German Chancellor Angela Merkel and the Scottish First Minister Nicola Sturgeon would be impersonated. She saw Britain as a global hub, a melting pot, and she wanted to make a show about it. However, by 2016, Brexit loomed and the United Kingdom was voting to break itself away from the European Union. The irony wasn't lost on Ullman when it came to the show's original conception.[8]

text: Two days before filming the second series of Tracey Ullman's Show, the Brexit vote in the United Kingdom took place, forcing the show's writers to do quick rewrites for its Angela Merkel sketches.[9] The show had been filming six months ahead of transmission, which was proving not to be conducive to doing topical comedy.[10] So when the BBC ordered a Tracey Ullman post-election special for the summer of 2017, Ullman came up on a new format and production schedule: the show would be written, filmed and transmitted close together, keeping the material fresh and up to the minute. "We've decided to shake it up with a more topical format because things move so fast these days – it's like, every 10 minutes I'm voting for something."[11] The show aired on 23 June.

text: Whilst promoting the first two series of Tracey Ullman's Show, Ullman began petitioning for the return of the British satirical puppet show Spitting Image, feeling that there was a satirical gap in British comedy. In an interview with Rolling Stone she further explained, "I mean I came [to the United States] in Reagan's era. I grew up with Spitting Image being on in England at that time, a really political satirical show with puppets. We used to have the ‘President's Brain Is Missing...’ for Reagan. And they tried to stop that show in America. We have always turned to satire with Private Eye and go back to Beyond the Fringe, and that's what the week was [sic]."[10]

text: The special (also the pilot episode) proved very successful, drawing a total of 4.2 million viewers: 2.4 million viewers for its premiere and an additional 1.8 million during its encore showing.[12]

text: Unlike its predecessor, Tracey Breaks the News does not feature a laugh track.

text: Writing and filming[edit]

text: The series is filmed close to transmission and then ten minutes of topical material is filmed 48 hours before each episode goes out, "[W]hich is as close as all to Saturday Night Live as anyone in England gets at the moment," revealed Ullman to Rolling Stone magazine. "So if [Jeremy] Corbin [sic] or Theresa May, or something extraordinary happens, we can go in and do a piece about that."[10]

text: "Now we are doing a more immediate format, which is great fun. I always used to shoot shows and then they would go out six months later. But everything's so fast in the world now... I couldn't do an Angela Merkel piece or a Theresa May piece and put it out six months later. What we do now is we do three shows – which is what we are doing now - and we'll shoot for two weeks and try to do stuff that’s going to resonate for a while. Then we go in for three consecutive weeks when we write on the Friday and the Monday then we'll shoot on the Tuesday/Wednesday then on the Thursday as well if we have to, and it goes out on the Friday so it's really current. That's been so much fun – it's like doing my own little Saturday Night Live. I love it and the writers love it."— Tracey Ullman to Claire Fordham[3]

tag: div

text: On 13 September 2017, the BBC formally announced that it had ordered a first series of three episodes. In a press release, it was revealed that along with Angela Merkel, Nicola Sturgeon and Theresa May, Ullman would be adding her take on the current First Lady of France Brigitte Macron and British Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn. "I am thrilled to be allowed to Break the News again with my fantastic team of writers and performers. It’s wonderful that there is so much comedy to be found in the world’s current terrifying doom spiral. These are uncertain times, but I have my money on Angela Merkel to win the German election - don’t let me down Angela, you are like my Dot in EastEnders. Theresa May - hang in there, I’m not done with you yet, and Nicola Sturgeon - all power to your elbow hen, I promise my accent will be 10% better this season. I can’t wait to play new characters including the glamorous FLOF (First Lady of France) Brigitte Macron and a certain Labour leader, who we imagine has a marvellous sense of humour and will no doubt be delighted to see himself depicted by a middle aged woman (please don’t shave your beard off Jeremy, we’ve just had one made). Onward!"[13][14][15]

text: Location filming began on 25 September.[16]  Writing and filming continued the week of transmission.[17]

text: In February 2018, Ullman revealed to writer and broadcaster Claire Fordham that writing on the second series had already begun.[3] Filming on the new series commenced 30 April 2018. On 15 May 2018, it was confirmed that the show would return to BBC One on 1 June with a new series consisting of three episodes.[18] A photo of Ullman made up as a British Conservative politician, and current Secretary of State for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, Michael Gove, was released by the BBC on 16 May. It was further revealed that British politician Jacob Rees-Mogg, played by actor Liam Hourican, would be added to the show's long roster of impersonations. Mogg, presented as one-half of a double-act, is accompanied by his "very long-suffering Nanny."[19] Also returning to the series is Ben Miller as Rupert Murdoch playing opposite Ullman as wife Jerry Hall.[20]

text: Characterisations[edit]

text:
“

There's never been a better time to be imitating world famous political women, and I admire and thank them all: Angela Merkel, Nicola Sturgeon, and my home girl newbie Theresa May.

”

— Tracey Ullman[11]

text: The show encompasses a wide variety of world leaders and figures portrayed by Ullman. "I don't really impersonate them, I just try to interpret them, really."[10]

text: Critics found the show’s take on British Prime Minister Theresa May both biting and sympathetic. The results of the 2017 general election have left an already beleaguered May searching high and low for any sign that she’s about to be ousted. Husband Philip (played by actor Laurence Rickard) offers her a CD, "How to Talk to Humans".  Ullman describes May’s voice as always sounding hysterical.[21] "I know that English woman so well. She sort of talks like that. It's all very [as Theresa May] 'Well, let's get on, shall we?' She's a vicar's daughter from Maidenhead. And I know exactly where she’s from. My sister's the same age as her. We grew up near her. And you couldn't be more different me or Theresa May."[22]

text: Ullman describes May's look as if Nosferatu and Oscar Wilde had a child. "She looks like the vicar from The Barchester Chronicles, the [Anthony] Trollope novel. She's just Dickinson looking."[22]

text: Ullman admitted to being hesitant playing May right after the election and Grenfell Tower fire, feeling that it was the last thing she (May) needed. “I thought, can I do this? There's suddenly so much suffering this woman can go through and then Tracey Ullman impersonates her in primetime. It's like, leave her alone, you know? But then we did it and it was just fabulous fun and the nation needed it."[22]

text: Ullman’s Angela Merkel has moved on from her crush on former United States President Barack Obama and has now set her sights on new world leaders such as Canadian Prime Minister Justin Trudeau and French President Emmanuel Macron (played by Ben Willbond), who she Skypes multiple times a day. "[A]nd his eye for the mature sex machine is of no relevance, Birgit, nein.” The one leader Angela does not relish conferencing with is United States President Donald Trump, or Herr Trump, as she refers to him. “He hates me, and I hate him more!”

text: Ullman was thrilled to get actor Anthony Atamanuik to play Donald Trump for the show. "I saw him during the election and I just thought that he was the best Trump. I mean, Alec Baldwin is amazing, but I love Anthony’s take [...] We wanted to have [German Chancellor] Angela Merkel and [British Prime Minister] Theresa May interacting with Trump and Anthony's like always in character as Trump so it’s perfect. He's been fantastic with what we’ve done so far. I'm going to have all sorts of people talking with him."[23] His wife, First Lady Melania Trump is portrayed as a Westworld-style robot created by the Russian government who continuously malfunctions and has to be flown back for repairs.[10]

text: Nicola Sturgeon, a Bond-like type villain, along with her henchmen, Mhairi Black (dubbed Wee Mhairi) continue in their quest for Scottish independence at any cost. Both the real Nicola Sturgeon and Mhairi Black have shown support for their portrayals in the show (as have Sturgeon's political rivals).[24][25] Ullman did raise the ire of several online SNP supporters.[26] While the show pokes fun at Sturgeon's repeated calls for referendums, Ullman says she admires her.[27]

text: The show lampoons the entire political spectrum. Ullman, a lifelong Labour supporter, has been openly critical of the party in recent years, citing herself as feeling "party-less".[28] The show’s 2017 post-election pilot episode features a sketch in which a newly elected Labour MP is sent to a "voluntary mandatory reeducation program" at Labour headquarters to be brainwashed into believing that current Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn (portrayed by Ullman in series one) has "defeated Toryism" and the number of seats won by the party are larger than they appear. A torture technique: sending Shadow Chancellor John McDonnell (portrayed by actor Laurence Howarth) in.

text: Jeremy Corbyn is portrayed as a politician keen on giving the impression that he's a man who understands the plight of "the worker" whilst reveling in his newfound celebrity. John McDonnell, evermore resentful of Corbyn who is making decisions without consulting him, fears what he's turning into.

text:
On 25 October 2017, two days before the show's series premiere (and after photos of Ullman transformed into Jeremy Corbyn had been made public) the real
Jeremy Corbyn joked, "Don't worry, Tracey Ullman's coming" at Prime Minister's Questions as they awaited the arrival of Prime Minister Theresa May.[29] Upon seeing himself and Corbyn parodied in the series premiere, John McDonnell tweeted: "Absolutely brilliant. Even I thought it was me and Jeremy for a while. Satire at its best."[30]

text: A sketch featured in the series 2 premiere episode (broadcast on 1 June 2018) drew considerable ire from Labour Party members on social media. The sketch featuring Ullman as current Labour Party leader Jeremy Corbyn references the political leader's ties to Gerry Adams, former Leader of the Sinn Féin, a friend of his from Hamas, and focuses on the public debate surrounding antisemitism in the Labour Party and Corbyn's reaction to it.[31] Conspiracy theories and erroneous claims arose on Twitter from Labour supporters that Jewish comedian David Baddiel wrote the sketch's script, that Ullman was Jewish, and that the bit was part of a "Zionist conspiracy" against the party. Politicians such as George Galloway were also responsible in pushing the claims. Baddiel, who is an outspoken atheist, who is not a Zionist, and has nothing to do with the show, responded on his Twitter account: "Been told, hilariously, that Corbynistas like @jigsawman2014 have assumed that I wrote Tracey Ullman's JC sketch on her show: a brilliant example of how they truly eschew the idea of a Jewish conspiracy." Baddiel followed up, "This is the literally the weirdest conspiracy theory I've ever seen. I've now seen it stated as fact that I wrote that sketch. Maybe I should ask for royalties. Or will that confirm the stereotype for the antisemites?"[32] Ullman, who is not Jewish, is a long-time Labour supporter, like Baddiel. Producer Caroline Norris added, "I have no idea where [this idea] came from. He'd be on the credits if he'd written a sketch for the show."  In reality, the Corbyn sketch was written by Laurence Howarth who also wrote a series of sketches for the show's second series mocking Conservative MP Jacob Rees-Mogg. Entertainers such as David Schneider, Al Murray, Emma Kennedy, Mitch Benn, a number of journalists, and actress Tracy-Ann Oberman, who's appeared on the show a number of times, came to the series' defense and condemned the antisemitic smears launched against Ullman, Baddiel and the show itself.[33] Shane Allen, the head of BBC comedy commissioning, defended the Corbyn sketches because "attacking the left, right and centre is part of the whole point of satire." He went on to say that comedians and writers shouldn't be afraid of Twitter controversy because "Twitter is a playground for bullies, arseholes and cowards."[34]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tracey Ullman
Zahra Ahmadi
Chizzy Akudolu
William Andrews
Gemma Arrowsmith
Ben Ashenden
Anthony Atamanuik as Donald Trump
Michael Brandon
Jade Ewen
Jason Forbes
Steve Furst
Tony Gardner
Leila Hoffman
Liam Hourican
Laurence Howarth
Martha Howe-Douglas
Katherine Jakeways
Dave Lamb
Georgia Maskery
Ben Miller
Lucy Montgomery
Dominique Moore
Olivia Morgan
Carlotta Morelli
Aaron Neil
Sue Elliott-Nicholls
Tracy-Ann Oberman
Laurence Rickard
Christopher Ryan
Dan Skinner
Samantha Spiro
Nico Tatarowicz
Brona C. Titley
Tony Way
Ben Willbond

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeriesEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast airedSpecial23 June 2017 (2017-06-23)1327 October 2017 (2017-10-27)10 November 2017 (2017-11-10)231 June 2018 (2018-06-01)15 June 2018 (2018-06-15)

text: Special (2017)[edit]

text:
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.K. viewers(millions)1"Pilot"Dominic BrigstockeGemma Arrowsmith, Kevin Cecil, Andy Riley, Jeremy Dyson, Laurence Howarth, Katherine Jakeways, Georgia Pritchett23 June 2017 (2017-06-23)2.4[35]
A post-election, one year anniversary of Brexit comedy special.

text: Series 1 (2017)[edit]

text: An unaired sketch was released exclusively online by BBC Comedy on 1 November 2017 with the caption "So THAT's how they name hurricanes..."[36]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.K. viewers(millions)21"Episode 1"Dominic BrigstockeKevin Cecil, Andy Riley, Jeremy Dyson, Laurence Howarth, Giles Pilbrow, Georgia Pritchett, Laurence Rickard, Brona C. Titley, Tony Cooke, Tracey Ullman27 October 2017 (2017-10-27)2.38[37]
Theresa has figured out a way to make the universal credit helpline free - she'll be taking the calls herself. Brexit negotiations - does Europe wish to keep anything British? Why viewers watch The Great British Bake Off. Reporting on President of the United States Donald Trump. John McDonnell sees a change in Jeremy Corbyn. Oxbridge admissions committee are seeking diversity. Hollywood studio heads meet to discuss new code of conduct in the wake of Harvey Weinstein. Reporting on Robert Mugabe - for goodwill ambassador? Theresa readies for a Halloween party. Appealing Uber's licence termination in London. The Macrons take a trip down memory lane. Reporting on Catalonia threatening to leave Spain - "Do you reckon he'll go through with it?" Nicola and Mhairi begin brainstorming how to get Britain interested in Scotland again after the DUP stole the SNP's thunder. Camilla Parker Bowles goes shopping for her new "grand-sprog". Reporting on something about China. Liberal Democrats headquarters brainstorm how to turn Leader of the Liberal Democrats Vince Cable into the President of France Emmanuel Macron. Alexis Teenage Edition. Angela works on her poker face.
32"Episode 2"Dominic BrigstockeGemma Arrowsmith, Kevin Cecil, Andy Riley, Jeremy Dyson, Laurence Howarth, Giles Pilbrow, Georgia Pritchett, Laurence Rickard, Brona C. Titley, Tony Cooke3 November 2017 (2017-11-03)2.38[38]
Jeremy and John watch "Tracey Breaks the News" on Gogglebox. Theresa organises the Conservative Christmas party. Dame Judi Dench discusses her latest film. The Kremlin devises a new plan of attack on Western democracy. Reporting on further allegations on sexual misconduct. John doesn't agree with Jeremy's new celebrity-style politics. Angela meets with Emmanuel Macron. Reporting on the indictment of Paul Manafort. An app brainstorming session. Camilla pops over the chemist. Sexual harassment claims advert. Reporting on Gemma Collins. App brainstorming continues. Jeremy and John watch The Apprentice. Claire Balding discusses presenting the 2018 Winter Olympics. Reporting on Gordon Brown's memoir. The Liberal Democrats try to persuade Tim Farron to do a reality television show. Nicola's plan to turn golfers off of using Donald Trump's golf courses in Scotland. Reporting on Prue Leith leaking the winner of The Great British Bake Off. Alexis Long Term Relationship Edition. A twist on university debt. Nicola's plan is a success. Jeremy and John watch Question Time.
43"Episode 3"Dominic BrigstockeGemma Arrowsmith, Kevin Cecil, Andy Riley, Jeremy Dyson, Lawrence Howarth, Giles Pilbrow, Georgia Pritchett, Laurence Rickard10 November 2017 (2017-11-10)2.35[39]
Theresa returns from her "cross party sleaze meeting". Sharon Osbourne tries to understand the new  X Factor rules. Angela feels jaded after topping Forbes' World's 100 Most Powerful Women list. Reporting on Priti Patel's resignation. A very unprepared, unqualified British defense secretary. Camilla is pulled over for erratic driving. New from MP Games: Guess Who's Next? The first day for a new hire at HM Revenue and Customs. Reporting on Lewis Hamilton's alleged tax avoidance. Theresa Skypes with Donald Trump. Alexis Senior Edition. Public statues revue. Reporting on copied and pasted articles from BuzzFeed. Nicola already has an operation going to protect Scotland when the "Brexshit" hits the fan. The Some Sort of Therapy Centre. John attempts to prep Jeremy for Prime Minister's Questions. An editorial meeting.  Reporting on the Paradise Papers and Her Majesty's investments. Public statue revenue - detonating Eros. Debate over female led television drama.

text: Series 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseriesTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.K. viewers(millions)51"Episode 1"Dominic BrigstockeSimon Alcock, Kevin Cecil, Andy Riley, Laurence Howarth, Giles Pilbrow, Georgia Pritchett, Laurence Rickard, Brona C. Titley, Tony Cooke1 June 2018 (2018-06-01)TBA
A secure location? Angela wonders about her image. The future of the Star Wars franchise. A woman applies to become Jacob Rees-Mogg's new housekeeper (or nanny). Reporting on Roseanne Barr's controversial tweets. A woman tries to explain the Me Too movement to her male office co-workers with little success. Donald Trump ships himself to England. Reporting on Jamie Oliver's lobbying to get Parliament to ban cartoon characters on cereal packaging. Nicola reveals her plan to use plastic to expand Scotland to Mhairi. Donald Trump, boxed up, hits the road. Nursing in 2018. Reporting on a heroic undocumented migrant who was granted French citizenship. Camilla hosts an Airbnb couple breakfast. Jeremy Corbyn has an awkward reunion with an old friend. Reporting on Raheem Sterling's machine gun tattoo. Paddy Passports. Russian government officials attempt to rig the World Cup. Reporting on WHSmith being voted "Worst Shop." Michael Gove takes part in a trust exercise.
62"Episode 2"Dominic BrigstockeSimon Alcock, Gemma Arrowsmith, Kevin Cecil & Andy Riley, Laurence Howarth, Will Maclean, Lucy Montgomery, Giles Pilbrow, Laurence Rickard, Brona C. Titley & Tony Cooke8 June 2018 (2018-06-08)TBA
Theresa learns that some people are saying that she should be replaced by Michael Gove. Fortnite Battle Brexit. A couple decides to hire Michael Gove as their babysitter. Reporting on H&M changing its UK women's wear sizes. Jeremy tries to sell tickets to Labour Live. A meeting to fix the problem with train timetables. Love Northern Ireland. Rupert Murdoch returns home from Disney HQ. Reporting on the government's approval for a third runway at Heathrow Airport and Boris Johnson stating he will lie down in front of bulldozers. A glamour model-turn dolly bird agent reveals the push back against the dolly bird industry. Theresa prepares for the G7 summit. Reporting on Qatar Airways CEO's sexist remark. The Russians fly to Washington, D.C. to repair the Melaniabot. Rupert discovers Jerry filling out a carer's allowance application form. The Overly-Woke Support Group. Angela wonders if she's being paid as much as her male political counterparts. Reporting on Donald Trump and Kim Jong Un meeting on Sentosa Island. Kirstie Allsopp aims to relocate a couple from Parliament. Jacob Rees-Mogg takes a meeting in a restaurant, along with some help from Nanny.
73"Episode 3"Dominic BrigstockeGemma Arrowsmith, Kevin Cecil & Andy Riley, Mike Hayley, Liam Hourican, Laurence Howarth, Lucy Montgomery, Giles Pilbrow, Georgia Pritchett, Laurence Rickard, Brona C. Titley & Tony Cooke15 June 2018 (2018-06-15)2.17[40]
Theresa's Brexit Fudge. Michael Gove helps an elderly woman cross the road. Jeremy prepares for Labour Live. Welcoming (and warning) foreigners to Russia for 2018 World Cup. Jerry and the kids surprise Rupert for Father's Day. Reporting on a raccoon who scaled a building. Britain's Last Shopper. Granny Camilla takes the royal sprogs to a play center. Coming soon to BBC One, Britain's Favourite Fatberg with Julie Walters. An Amazon representative confronts Gareth Southgate. Reporting on Mark Carne's CBE. It's bathtime for Jacob Rees-Mogg. A couple's app-run home starts malfunctioning. Britain's Favourite Rail Replacement Bus Service with Julie Waters. Nicola still hasn't gotten over Scotland losing the curling competition at the Winter Olympics. Reporting on the Donald Trump and Kim Jung Un's treaty. A house is infested with hipsters. Dame Judi Dench teaches Mark Rylance how to be a national treasure. Donations for Feminists Who Ruin Things Men Used to Like. Theresa believes she's living in her own version of The Truman Show.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The show has been met with positive reviews.[41][42][43][44]


document_title: Continuing resolution

question_text: when was the last time congress passed a budget bill for the entire fiscal year

text: Continuing resolution

text: Appropriations bills[edit]

text: An appropriations bill is a bill that appropriates (gives to, sets aside for) money to specific federal government departments, agencies, and programs. The money provides funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities.[1] Traditionally, regular appropriations bills are passed annually, with the funding they provide covering one fiscal year.

text: There are three types of appropriations bills: regular appropriations bills, continuing resolutions, and supplemental appropriations bills.[1] Regular appropriations bills are the twelve standard bills that cover the funding for the federal government for one fiscal year and that are supposed to be enacted into law by October 1.[5] If Congress has not enacted the regular appropriations bills by the time, it can pass a continuing resolution, which continues the pre-existing appropriations at the same levels as the previous fiscal year (or with minor modifications) for a set amount of time.[1] The third type of appropriations bills are supplemental appropriations bills, which add additional funding above and beyond what was originally appropriated at the beginning of the fiscal year. Supplemental appropriations bills can be used for things like disaster relief.[6]

text: United States budget and spending process[edit]

text: The United States government operates on a budget calendar that runs from October 1 through September 30. Each year, Congress must appropriate a specific amount of money to each department, agency, and program to provide funding for operations, personnel, equipment, and activities.[1] Traditionally, the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate agree together on a budget resolution in the spring that is then used to determine spending limits for twelve regular appropriations bills. The twelve appropriations bills then appropriate the funding for the federal government to use for the next budgetary year. The appropriations bills must be signed into the law by the President, although the budget resolution itself is not subject to his or her approval.

text: If Congress fails to appropriate the necessary funds for the federal government, the government shuts down as a result of the Antideficiency Act.[7] The law "forbids federal officials from entering into financial obligations for which they do not have funding," such as buying ink, paying for electricity, or paying employees.[7]

text: Congress can avoid a government shutdown by passing a continuing resolution instead.[1]

text: Advantages and disadvantages[edit]

text: Standoffs between the President and Congress or between political parties, elections, and more urgent legislative matters complicate the budget process, frequently making the continuing resolution a common occurrence in American government.[8] They allow the government to take its time making difficult fiscal decisions.

text: Federal agencies are disrupted during periods of reduced funding. With non-essential operations suspended, many agencies are forced to interrupt research projects, training programs, or other important functions. Its impact on day-to-day management can be severe, costing some employees the equivalent of several months' time.[citation needed]

text: History[edit]

text: Between fiscal year 1977 and fiscal year 2015, Congress only passed all twelve regular appropriations bills on time in four years - fiscal years 1977, 1989, 1995, and 1997.[3]

text: Between 1976 and 2013, there have been 18 Government shutdowns in the United States.[9] Most of these shutdowns revolved around budget issues including fights over the debt ceiling and led to the furlough of certain 'non-essential' personnel. The majority of these fights lasted 1–2 days with a few exceptions lasting more than a week.

text: There was a government shutdown that occurred in 1995. This incident involved a standoff between Democratic President, Bill Clinton, and Congressional Republicans that led to the shutdown of the federal government.[10] Without enough votes to override President Clinton's veto, Newt Gingrich led the Republicans not to submit a revised budget, allowing the previously-approved appropriations to expire on schedule. The resulting lack of appropriations led to the shutdown of non-essential functions of the federal government for 28 days due to lack of funds.

text: In 2013, Congress failed to agree on any regular appropriations bills prior to the start of fiscal year 2014. An attempt was made to pass the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res 59) prior to October 1, but the House and Senate could not agree on its provisions, leading to the United States federal government shutdown of 2013.[11][12] The shutdown of October 2013 involved a dispute over the continuing resolution in a standoff between Democratic President Barack Obama and Congressional Republicans led by House Speaker John Boehner. The forefront issue was House Republicans' attempt to tie a continuing resolution to a defunding or delay of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act while Senate Democrats insisted on a "clean" spending bill not tied to any other changes. The lack of agreement[13] led to a prolonged shutdown and furlough of more than 800,000 federal workers. The federal government resumed operations on October 17, 2013 after the passage of a continuing resolution, the Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014, that provided funding until January 15, 2014.[14] On January 15, 2014, Congress passed another continuing resolution, H.J.Res. 106 Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2014, to provide funding until January 18, 2014.[15] Congress finally passed the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014, an omnibus appropriations bill, on January 17, 2014 to provide funding for the remaining fiscal year 2014.[16]

text: List of continuing resolutions for the U.S. federal budget[edit]

text:
Wikisource has original text related to this article:
Continuing Appropriations Resolution

text: 2001 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text:
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (1st): Pub.L. 106–275
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (2nd): Pub.L. 106–282
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (3rd): Pub.L. 106–306
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (4th): Pub.L. 106–344
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (5th): Pub.L. 106–358
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (6th): Pub.L. 106–359
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (7th): Pub.L. 106–381
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (8th): Pub.L. 106–388
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (9th): Pub.L. 106–389
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (10th): Pub.L. 106–401
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (11th): Pub.L. 106–403
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (12th): Pub.L. 106–416
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (13th): Pub.L. 106–426
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (14th): Pub.L. 106–427
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (15th): Pub.L. 106–428
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (16th): Pub.L. 106–520
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (17th): Pub.L. 106–537
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (18th): Pub.L. 106–539
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (19th): Pub.L. 106–540
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (20th): Pub.L. 106–542
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2001 (21st): Pub.L. 106–543

text: 2002 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text: Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2002 (8th): Pub.L. 107–97

text: 2003 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text:
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2003 (1st): Pub.L. 107–229
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2003 (2nd): Pub.L. 107–235
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2003 (3rd): Pub.L. 107–240
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2003 (4th): Pub.L. 107–244
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2003 (5th): Pub.L. 107–294
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2003 (6th): Pub.L. 108–2
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2003 (7th): Pub.L. 108–4
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2003 (8th): Pub.L. 108–5

text: 2007 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text:
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007 (1st): Division B of Pub.L. 109–289
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007 (2nd): Pub.L. 109–369
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007 (3rd): Pub.L. 109–383
Revised Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2007: Pub.L. 110–5

text: 2008 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text:
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2008 (1st): Pub.L. 110–92
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2008 (2nd): Division B of Pub.L. 110–116
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2008 (3rd): Pub.L. 110–137
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2008 (4th): Pub.L. 110–149

text: 2009 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text:
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2009 (1st): Division A of Pub.L. 110–329
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2009 (2nd): Pub.L. 111–6

text: 2010 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text:
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2010 (1st): Division B of Pub.L. 111–68
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2010 (2nd): Division B of Pub.L. 111–88

text: 2011 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text: Wikinews has related news: US government shutdown averted in last-minute deal

text: Beginning in September 2010, Congress passed a series of continuing resolutions to fund the government.[17]

text:
1st Continuing Resolution, funding from October 1, 2010 through December 3, 2010, passed on September 29, 2010. (Pub.L. 111-242)
2nd Continuing Resolution, funding through December 18, 2010, passed on December 2, 2010. (Pub.L. 111–290)[18]
3rd Continuing Resolution, funding through December 21, 2010, passed on December 17, 2010. (Pub.L. 111–317)
4th Continuing Resolution, funding through March 4, 2011, passed on December 21, 2010. (Pub.L. 111–322)[19]
5th Continuing Resolution ("Further Continuing Appropriations Amendments, 2011"), funding through March 18, 2011, passed on March 2, 2011. (Pub.L. 112-4) This resolution cut $4 billion from 2010 spending levels.[20]
6th Continuing Resolution ("Additional Continuing Appropriations Amendments, 2011"), funding through April 8, 2011, passed on March 16, 2011. (Pub.L. 112-6) This resolution cut an additional $6 billion from 2010 spending levels.[21]
7th Continuing Resolution ("Further Additional Continuing Appropriations Amendments, 2011"), funding through April 15, 2011, passed on April 9, 2011. (Pub.L. 112-8) This continuing resolution followed a deal on the full annual budget which was made with just hours remaining before a government shutdown.[22] It itself contains an additional $2 billion in cuts.[23] Democrats had previously rejected a Republican-backed resolution passed by the House before the deal, which would have funded the government for another week and cut an additional $12 billion from 2010 levels.[24]

text: 2013 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text: The government began fiscal year 2013 operating under the Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2013 (Pub.L. 112–175), which provided funding through March 27, 2013. It was signed by President Obama on September 28, 2012.[25] Spending through the end of fiscal year 2013 is authorized by the Consolidated and Further Continuing Appropriations Act, 2013, signed into law by President Obama on March 26, 2013.[26]

text: 2014 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text:
Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2014 (H.J.Res 59) (H.J.Res. 59) - a proposed continuing resolution that failed final passage, leading to the United States federal government shutdown of 2013
October 2013 mini-continuing resolutions - continuing resolutions proposed during the 2013 federal government shutdown that would have funded small portions of the government
Continuing Appropriations Act, 2014 (Pub.L. 113–46;H.R. 2775) - continuing resolution that ended the federal government shutdown and appropriated funds through January 15, 2014[27]
Making further continuing appropriations for fiscal year 2014 - appropriated funds through January 18, 2014.[15]
Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2014 (H.R. 3547; 113th Congress) - proposed, as of January 16, 2014

text: 2015 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text: Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2015 - a continuing resolution that would fund the federal government of the United States through December 11, 2014 at an annualized rate of $1 trillion.[28] On September 17, 2014, the House voted in Roll Call Vote 509 to pass the bill 319-108.[28] On September 18, 2014, the United States Senate voted in Roll Call Vote 270 to pass the bill 78-22.[29]

text: 2016 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text: Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2016 - a continuing resolution that would fund the federal government of the United States through December 11, 2015 at an annualized rate of $1.02 trillion.[30][31]

text: 2017 U.S. federal budget[edit]

text: Continuing Appropriations Resolution, 2017 (H.R.5235) - a continuing resolution that would fund the federal government of the United States through December 9, 2016 at 0.496% below the operating rate of the FY 2016 enacted appropriation. On September 28, 2016, the Senate voted 72-26 to pass the bill and later that day, the House voted 342-85 to pass the bill.[32][33] The President signed the bill on September 29, 2016.[34] The bill also included full-year funding for Military Construction and Veterans Affairs and emergency funding for Zika virus response and preparedness.[35]


document_title: Quadrant (abdomen)

question_text: the left lower quadrant of the abdomen contains part of the

text: Quadrant (abdomen)

text: Important organs[edit]

text: Left lower quadrant:

text:
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Left ovary and Fallopian tube
Left ureter

text: Left upper quadrant:

text:
Stomach
Spleen
Left lobe of liver
Body of pancreas
Left kidney and adrenal gland
Splenic flexure of colon
Parts of transverse and descending colon

text: Right upper quadrant:

text:
Liver
Gall bladder with biliary tree
Duodenum
Head of pancreas
Right kidney and adrenal gland
Hepatic flexure of colon

text: Right lower quadrant:

text:
Cecum
Appendix
Ascending Colon
Right ovary and Fallopian tube
Right ureter

text: Clinical significance[edit]

text: If abdominal pain or signs of peritonitis are localised in the LLQ, colitis, diverticulitis, ureteral colic or pain due to ovarian cysts or pelvic inflammatory disease may be suspected. Examples of tumors in the left lower quadrant include colon cancer and ovarian tumor.

text: The LUQ may be painful or tender in the case of intestinal malrotation. The RUQ may be painful or tender in hepatitis, cholecystitis, and peptic ulcer. The RLQ may be painful and/or tender in such conditions as appendicitis.

text: Differential diagnosis[edit]

text: Children

text: gastroenteritis, mesenteric adenitis, Meckel's diverticulitis, intussusception, Henoch–Schönlein purpura, lobar pneumonia

text: Adults

text: regional enteritis, renal colic, perforated peptic ulcer, testicular torsion, rectus sheath hematoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, ectopic pregnancy, endometriosis, torsion/rupture of ovarian cyst, appendicitis

text: Elderly

text: diverticulitis, intestinal obstruction, colonic carcinoma, mesenteric ischemia, leaking aortic aneurysm