document_title: The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)

question_text: how many gold rings in the song 12 days of christmas

text: The Twelve Days of Christmas (song)

text: Lyrics[edit]

text: "The Twelve Days of Christmas" is a cumulative song, meaning that each verse is built on top of the previous verses. There are twelve verses, each describing a gift given by "my true love" on one of the twelve days of Christmas. There are many variations in the lyrics. The lyrics given here are from Frederic Austin's 1909 publication that first established the current form of the carol.[4] The first three verses run, in full, as follows:

text:
On the First day of Christmas my true love sent to me
a Partridge in a Pear Tree.

On the Second day of Christmas my true love sent to me
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree.

On the Third day of Christmas my true love sent to me
Three French Hens,[5]
Two Turtle Doves
and a Partridge in a Pear Tree.

text: Subsequent verses follow the same pattern, each adding one new gift and repeating all the earlier gifts so that each verse is one line longer than its predecessor:

text: Variations of the lyrics[edit]

text: The earliest known version of the lyrics was published in London under the title "The Twelve Days of Christmas sung at King Pepin's Ball", as part of a 1780 children's book, Mirth without Mischief.[6] Subsequent versions have shown considerable variation:

text:
In the earliest versions, the word on is not present at the beginning of each verse—for example, the first verse begins simply "The first day of Christmas". On was added in Austin's 1909 version, and became very popular thereafter.
In the early versions "my true love sent" me the gifts. However, a 20th-century variant has "my true love gave to me"; this wording has become particularly common in North America.[7]
In one nineteenth century variant, the gifts come from "my mother" rather than "my true love".
Some variants have "juniper tree" or "June apple tree" rather than "pear tree", presumably a mishearing of "partridge in a pear tree.
The 1780 version has "four colly birds"—colly being a regional English expression for "black" (the name of the collie dog breed may come from this word).[8][9] This wording must have been opaque to many even in the 19th century: "canary birds", "colour'd birds", "curley birds", and "corley birds" are found in its place. Frederic Austin's 1909 version, which introduced the now-standard melody, also altered the fourth day's gift to four "calling" birds, and this variant has become the most popular, although "colly" is still found.
The "five gold rings" may become "five golden rings", especially in North America.[7] In the standard melody, this change enables singers to fit one syllable per musical note.[10]
The gifts associated with the final four days are often reordered. For example, the pipers may be on the ninth day rather than the eleventh.[9]

text:
For ease of comparison with Austin's 1909 version given above:
(a) differences in wording, ignoring capitalisation and punctuation, are indicated in italics;
(b) items that do not appear at all in Austin's version are indicated in bold italics.

text:
Source
Giver
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12

Mirth without
Mischief, 1780[6]
My true love sent to me
Partridge in a pear-tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Colly birds
Gold rings
Geese a laying
Swans a swimming
Maids a milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
Ladies dancing
Lords a leaping

Angus, 1774–1825[11]
My true love sent to me
Partridge in a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Colly birds
Gold rings
Geese a laying
Swans a swimming
Maids a milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
Ladies dancing
Lords a leaping

Halliwell, 1842[12]
My mother sent to me
Partridge in a pear-tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Canary birds
Gold rings
Geese a laying
Swans a swimming
Ladies dancing
Lords a leaping
Ships a sailing
Ladies spinning
Bells ringing

Rimbault, c. 1846[13]
My mother sent to me
Parteridge in a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Canary birds
Gold rings
Geese a laying
Swans a swimming
Ladies dancing
Lords a leaping
Ships a sailing
Ladies spinning
Bells ringing

Halliwell, 1853[14]
My true love sent to me
Partridge in a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Colly birds
Gold rings
Geese a laying
Swans a swimming
Maids a milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
Ladies dancing
Lords a leaping

Salmon, 1855[15]
My true love sent to me
Partridge upon a pear-tree
Turtle-doves
French hens
Collie birds
Gold rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Maids a-milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
Ladies dancing
Lords a-leaping

Husk, 1864[16]
My true love sent to me
Partridge in a pear-tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Colley birds
Gold rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Maids a-milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
Ladies dancing
Lords a-leaping

Hughes, 1864[17]
My true love sent to me
Partridge and a pear tree
Turtle-doves
Fat hens
Ducks quacking
Hares running
"and so on"
—
—
—
—
—
—

Cliftonian, 1867[18]
My true-love sent to me
Partridge in a pear-tree
Turtle-doves
French hens
Colley birds
Gold rings
Ducks a-laying
Swans swimming
Hares a-running
Ladies dancing
Lords a-leaping
Badgers baiting
Bells a-ringing

Clark, 1875[19]
My true love sent to me
Partridge in a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Colour'd birds
Gold rings
Geese laying
Swans swimming
Maids milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
Ladies dancing
Lords leaping

Kittredge, 1877 (1917)[20]
My true love sent to me
Some part of a juniper tree, And some part of a juniper tree
French hens
Turtle doves
Colly birds
Gold rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
[forgotten by the singer]
Lambs a-bleating
Ladies dancing
Lords a-leading
Bells a-ringing

Henderson, 1879[21]
My true love sent to me
Partridge upon a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Curley birds
Gold rings
Geese laying
Swans swimming
Maids milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
—
—

Barnes, 1882[22]
My true love sent to me
The sprig of a juniper tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Coloured birds
Gold rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Hares a-running
Bulls a-roaring
Men a-mowing
Dancers a-dancing
Fiddlers a-fiddling

Stokoe, 1888[23]
My true love sent to me
Partridge on a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Colly birds
Gold rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Maids a-milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
Ladies dancing
Lords a leaping

Kidson, 1891[24]
My true love sent to me
Merry partridge on a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Colley birds
Gold rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Maids a-milking
Drummers drumming
Pipers piping
Ladies dancing
Lords a leaping

Scott, 1892[25]
My true love brought to me
Very pretty peacock upon a pear tree
Turtle-doves
French hens
Corley birds
Gold rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Maids a-milking
Pipers playing
Drummers drumming
Lads a-louping
Ladies dancing

Cole, 1900[26]
My true love sent to me
Parteridge upon a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Colly birds
Gold rings
Geese a laying
Squabs a swimming
Hounds a running
Bears a beating
Cocks a crowing
Lords a leaping
Ladies a dancing

Sharp, 1905[27]
My true Love sent to me
Goldie ring, and the part of a June apple tree
Turtle doves, and the part of a mistletoe bough
French hens
Colley birds
Goldie rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Boys a-singing
Ladies dancing
Asses racing
Bulls a-beating
Bells a-ringing

Austin, 1909[4]
My true love sent to me
Partridge in a Pear Tree
Turtle Doves
French Hens
Calling Birds
Gold Rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Maids a-milking
Ladies dancing
Lords a-leaping
Pipers piping
Drummers drumming

Swortzell, 1966[7]
My true love gave to me
Partridge in a pear tree
Turtle doves
French hens
Collie birds
Golden rings
Geese a-laying
Swans a-swimming
Maids a-milking
Pipers piping
Drummers drumming
Lords a-leaping
Ladies dancing

text: Scotland[edit]

text: A similar cumulative verse from Scotland, "The Yule Days", has been likened to "The Twelve Days of Christmas" in the scholarly literature.[28] It has thirteen days rather than twelve, and the number of gifts does not increase in the manner of "The Twelve Days". Its final verse, as published in Chambers, Popular Rhymes, Fireside Stories, and Amusements of Scotland (1842), runs as follows:[29]

text:
The king sent his lady on the thirteenth Yule day,
Three stalks o' merry corn,
Three maids a-merry dancing,
Three hinds a-merry hunting,
An Arabian baboon,
Three swans a-merry swimming,
Three ducks a-merry laying,
A bull that was brown,
Three goldspinks,
Three starlings,
A goose that was grey,
Three plovers,
Three partridges,
A pippin go aye;
Wha learns my carol and carries it away?

text: "Pippin go aye" (also spelled "papingo-aye" in later editions) is a Scots word for peacock[30] or parrot.[31]

text: Faroe Islands[edit]

text: In the Faroe Islands, there is a comparable counting Christmas song. The gifts include: one feather, two geese, three sides of meat, four sheep, five cows, six oxen, seven dishes, eight ponies, nine banners, ten barrels, eleven goats, twelve men, thirteen hides, fourteen rounds of cheese and fifteen deer.[32] These were illustrated in 1994 by local cartoonist Óli Petersen (born 1936) on a series of two stamps issued by the Faroese Philatelic Office.[33]

text: France[edit]

text: "Les Douze Mois" ("The Twelve Months") (also known as "La Perdriole"—"The Partridge")[34] is another similar cumulative verse from France that has been likened to The Twelve Days of Christmas.[28] Its final verse, as published in de Coussemaker, Chants Populaires des Flamands de France (1856), runs as follows:[35]

text:
Le douzièm' jour d'l'année , [the twelfth day of the year]
Que me donn'rez vous ma mie? [what will you give me, my love?]
Douze coqs chantants, [twelve singing cockerels]
Onze plats d'argent, [eleven silver dishes]
Dix pigeons blancs, [ten white pigeons]
Neuf bœufs cornus, [nine horned oxen]
Huit vaches mordants, [eight biting cows]
Sept moulins à vent, [seven windmills]
Six chiens courants, [six running dogs]
Cinq lapins courant par terre, [five rabbits running along the ground]
Quat' canards volant en l'air, [four ducks flying in the air]
Trois rameaux de bois, [three wooden branches]
Deux tourterelles, [two turtle doves]
Un' perdrix sole, [one lone partridge]
Qui va, qui vient, qui vole, [who goes, who comes, who flies]
Qui vole dans les bois. [who flies in the woods]

text: According to de Coussemaker, the song was recorded "in the part of [French] Flanders that borders on the Pas de Calais".[35]

text: Origins and meaning[edit]

text: The exact origins and the meaning of the song are unknown, but it is highly probable that it originated from a children's memory and forfeit game.[36]

text: The twelve days in the song are the twelve days starting with Christmas Day, or in some traditions, the day after Christmas (26 December) (Boxing Day or St. Stephen's Day, as being the feast day of St. Stephen Protomartyr), to the day before Epiphany, or the Feast of the Epiphany (6 January, or the Twelfth Day). Twelfth Night is defined by the Oxford English Dictionary as "the evening of the fifth of January, preceding Twelfth Day, the eve of the Epiphany, formerly the last day of the Christmas festivities and observed as a time of merrymaking."[37]

text: The best known English version was first printed in English in 1780 in a little book intended for children, Mirth without Mischief, as a Twelfth Night "memories-and-forfeits" game, in which a leader recited a verse, each of the players repeated the verse, the leader added another verse, and so on until one of the players made a mistake, with the player who erred having to pay a penalty, such as offering up a kiss or a sweet.[38]

text: Halliwell, writing in 1842, stated that "[e]ach child in succession repeats the gifts of the day, and forfeits for each mistake."[12]

text: Salmon, writing from Newcastle, claimed in 1855 that the song "[had] been, up to within twenty years, extremely popular as a schoolboy's Christmas chant".[15]

text: Husk, writing in 1864, stated:[39]

text: This piece is found on broadsides printed at Newcastle at various periods during the last hundred and fifty years. On one of these sheets, nearly a century old, it is entitled "An Old English Carol," but it can scarcely be said to fall within that description of composition, being rather fitted for use in playing the game of "Forfeits," to which purpose it was commonly applied in the metropolis upwards of forty years since. The practice was for one person in the company to recite the first three lines; a second, the four following; and so on; the person who failed in repeating her portion correctly being subjected to some trifling forfeit.

text: Thomas Hughes, in a short story published in 1864, described a fictional game of Forfeits involving the song:[17]

text: [A] cry for forfeits arose. So the party sat down round Mabel on benches brought out from under the table, and Mabel began, --

text: The first day of Christmas my true love sent to me a partridge and a pear-tree;

text: The second day of Christmas my true love sent to me two turtle-doves, a partridge, and a pear-tree;

text: The third day of Christmas my true love sent to me three fat hens, two turtle-doves, a partridge, and a pear-tree;

text: The fourth day of Christmas my true love sent to me four ducks quacking, three fat hens, two turtle-doves, a partridge, and a pear-tree;

text: The fifth day of Christmas my true love sent to me five hares running, four ducks quacking, three fat hens, two turtle-doves, a partridge, and a pear-tree.

text: And so on. Each day was taken up and repeated all round; and for every breakdown (except by little Maggie, who struggled with desperately earnest round eyes to follow the rest correctly, but with very comical results), the player who made the slip was duly noted down by Mabel for a forfeit.

text: Lady Gomme wrote in 1898:[40]

text: "The Twelve Days" was a Christmas game. It was a customary thing in a friend's house to play "The Twelve Days," or "My Lady's Lap Dog," every Twelfth Day night. The party was usually a mixed gathering of juveniles and adults, mostly relatives, and before supper — that is, before eating mince pies and twelfth cake — this game and the cushion dance were played, and the forfeits consequent upon them always cried. The company were all seated round the room. The leader of the game commenced by saying the first line. […] The lines for the "first day" of Christmas was said by each of the company in turn ; then the first "day" was repeated, with the addition of the "second" by the leader, and then this was said all round the circle in turn. This was continued until the lines for the "twelve days" were said by every player. For every mistake a forfeit — a small article belonging to the person — had to be given up. These forfeits were afterwards "cried" in the usual way, and were not returned to the owner until they had been redeemed by the penalty inflicted being performed.

text: "Twelve days of Christmas" was adapted from similar New Years' or spring French carols,[citation needed] of which at least three are known, all featuring a partridge, perdriz or perdriole, as the first gift. The pear tree appears in only the English version, but this could also indicate a French origin. According to Iona and Peter Opie, the red-legged (or French) partridge perches in trees more frequently than the native common (or grey) partridge and was not successfully introduced into England until about 1770.[3] Cecil Sharp observed that "from the constancy in English, French, and Languedoc versions of the 'merry little partridge,' I suspect that 'pear-tree' is really perdrix (Old French pertriz) carried into England"; and "juniper tree" in some English versions may have been "joli perdrix," [pretty partridge]. Sharp also suggests the adjective "French" in "three French hens", probably simply means "foreign".[41][42]

text: In the northern counties of England, the song was often called the "Ten Days of Christmas", as there were only ten gifts. It was also known in Somerset, Dorsetshire, and elsewhere in England. The kinds of gifts vary in a number of the versions, some of them becoming alliterative tongue-twisters.[43] "The Twelve Days of Christmas" was also widely popular in the United States and Canada. It is mentioned in the section on "Chain Songs" in Stith Thompson's Motif-Index of Folk-Literature (Indiana University Studies, Vol. 5, 1935), p. 416.

text: There is evidence pointing to the North of England, specifically the area around Newcastle upon Tyne, as the origin of the carol. Husk, in the 1864 excerpt quoted above, stated that the carol was "found on broadsides printed at Newcastle at various periods during the last hundred and fifty years", i.e. from approximately 1714. In addition, many of the nineteenth century citations come from the Newcastle area.[15][21][23][25]

text: Meanings of the gifts[edit]

text: According to The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, "Suggestions have been made that the gifts have significance, as representing the food or sport for each month of the year. Importance [certainly has] long been attached to the Twelve Days, when, for instance, the weather on each day was carefully observed to see what it would be in the corresponding month of the coming year. Nevertheless, whatever the ultimate origin of the chant, it seems probable [that] the lines that survive today both in England and France are merely an irreligious travesty."[3]

text: In 1979, a Canadian hymnologist, Hugh D. McKellar, published an article, "How to Decode the Twelve Days of Christmas" in which he suggested that "The Twelve Days of Christmas" lyrics were intended as a catechism song to help young Catholics learn their faith, at a time when practising Catholicism was criminalised in England (1558 until 1829).[44] Three years later in 1982, Fr. Hal Stockert wrote an article (subsequently posted on-line in 1995) in which he suggested a similar possible use of the twelve gifts as part of a catechism.[45][46] The possibility that the twelve gifts were used as a catechism during English and Irish Catholic penal times was also hypothesized in this same time period (1987 and 1992) by Fr. James Gilhooley, chaplain of Mount Saint Mary College of Newburgh, New York.[47][48] Snopes.com, a website reviewing urban legends, Internet rumours, e-mail forwards, and other stories of unknown or questionable origin, also concludes that the hypothesis of the twelve gifts of Christmas being a surreptitious catechism is incorrect.[38]

text: William S. Baring-Gould suggests that the presents sent on the first seven days were all birds—the "five gold rings" were not actually gold rings, but refer to the five golden rings of the ringed pheasant.[49] Others suggest the gold rings refer to "five goldspinks"—a goldspink being an old name for a goldfinch;[50] or even canaries.[51] However, the 1780 publication includes an illustration that clearly depicts the "five gold rings" as being jewellery.[6]

text: Music[edit]

text: Standard melody[edit]

text: The now-standard melody for the carol was published in 1909 by Novello & Co.. English composer Frederic Austin fitted the words to a traditional melody, to which he added his own two-bar motif for "Five gold rings".[52][53][54] Many of the decisions Austin made with regard to the lyrics subsequently became widespread:

text:
The initial "on" at the beginning of each verse.
The use of "calling birds", rather than "colly birds", on the fourth day.
The ordering of the final four verses.

text: The time signature of this song is not constant, unlike most popular music. This irregular meter perhaps reflects the song's folk origin. The introductory lines, such as "On the twelfth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me", are made up of two 4/4 bars, while most of the lines naming gifts receive one 3/4 bar per gift with the exception of "Five gold(en) rings," which receives two 4/4 bars, "Two turtle doves" getting a 4/4 bar with "And a" on its fourth beat and "Partridge in a pear tree" getting two 4/4 bars of music. In most versions, a 4/4 bar of music immediately follows "Partridge in a pear tree." "On the" is found in that bar on the 4th (pickup) beat for the next verse. The successive bars of three for the gifts surrounded by bars of four give the song its hallmark "hurried" quality.

text: The second to fourth verses' melody is different from that of the fifth to twelfth verses. Before the fifth verse (when "five gold(en) rings" is first sung), the melody, using solfege, is "sol re mi fa re" for the fourth to second items, and this same melody is thereafter sung for the twelfth to sixth items. However, the melody for "four colly birds, three French hens, two turtle doves" changes from this point, differing from the way these lines were sung in the opening four verses.

text: In the final verse, Austin inserted a flourish on the words "Five Gold Rings". This has not been copied by later versions, which simply repeat the melody from the earlier verses.

text: Earlier versions[edit]

text: In the 19th century, most sources for the lyrics do not include music, and those that do often include music different from what has become the standard melody.

text: Cecil Sharp's Folk Songs from Somerset (1905) contains two different melodies for the song, both distinct from the now-standard melody.[27]

text:
Older Musical settings of "Twelve Days of Christmas"

Musical setting from Edward Rimbault's Nursery Rhymes, with the Tunes to which They Are Still Sung in the Nurseries of England (c. 1846).[13] According to its preface, this book was "the first attempt to preserve by notation the ancient melodies to which these ditties are commonly chanted".[55]

This melody for "The Twelve Days" was published in 1888. It was "collected by the late Mr. John Bell, of Gateshead, about eighty years ago" [i.e. around 1808][23]  Play (help·info)

This melody was current in "country villages in Wiltshire", according to an 1891 newspaper article.[24]

text: Parodies and other versions[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2010) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Bing Crosby and The Andrews Sisters recorded the traditional version of this song on 10 May 1949 for Decca Records.[56]
Burl Ives, backed by Percy Faith and his Orchestra and Chorus, recorded a traditional version of "The Twelve Days of Christmas" in 1951.
The Ray Conniff Singers also recorded a traditional version in 1962, appearing on the album We Wish You a Merry Christmas.
Jasper Carrott performed "Twelve Drinks of Christmas" where he appears to be more inebriated with each successive verse.[57]
Perry Como recorded a traditional version of "Twelve Days of Christmas" in 1953 but varied the lyrics with "11 Lords a Leaping", "10 Ladies Dancing", and "9 Pipers Piping". It was musically supervised by Mitchell Ayres.
Allan Sherman released two different versions of "The Twelve Gifts of Christmas".[58] Sherman wrote and performed his version of the classic Christmas carol on a 1963 TV special that was taped well in advance of the holiday. Warner Bros. Records rushed out a 45 RPM version in early December.[59]
Alvin and the Chipmunks covered the song for their 1963 album Christmas with The Chipmunks, Vol. 2.
The illustrator Hilary Knight included A Firefly in a Fir Tree (later rereleased independently with the subtitle A Carol for Mice) in his 1963 Christmas Nutshell Library, a boxed set of four miniature holiday-themed books.[60] In this rendition, the narrator is a mouse, with the various gifts reduced to mouse scale, such as "nine nuts for nibbling" and "four holly berries."[61]
Frank Sinatra and his children, Frank Sinatra Jr., Nancy Sinatra, and Tina Sinatra, included their own version of "The Twelve Days of Christmas" on their 1968 album, The Sinatra Family Wish You a Merry Christmas.[62]
Fay McKay, an American musical comedian, is best known for "The Twelve Daze of Christmas", a parody in which the gifts were replaced with various alcoholic drinks, resulting in her performance becoming increasingly inebriated over the course of the song.[63]
A radio play written by Brian Sibley, "And Yet Another Partridge in a Pear Tree" was broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on Christmas Day 1977.[64] Starring Penelope Keith, it imagines the increasingly exasperated response of the recipient of the "twelve days" gifts.[65] It was rebroadcast in 2011.[66]
The Muppets and singer-songwriter John Denver performed "The Twelve Days of Christmas" on the 1979 television special John Denver and the Muppets: A Christmas Together. It was featured on the album of the same name. The song has been recorded by the Muppets five different times, featuring different Muppets in different roles each time.[67]
In 1975, the Sesame Street characters recorded a version of this song, using different lyrics. The 12 things are: one delicious cookie (Cookie Monster), two baby frogs (Hardhead Henry Harris, Elmo in the 1995 version), three footballs (Prairie Dawn), four wooly bears (Grover), five argyle socks (Bert), six rubber duckies (Ernie), seven rusty trashcans (Oscar the Grouch), eight counts a' counting (Count von Count), nine pounds of birdseed (Big Bird), ten wind-up rabbits (Smart Tina, later replaced by ten triangles Telly Monster), eleven broken buildings (Herry Monster) and "Twelve.... I can't remember!" (Mr. Snuffleupagus).[citation needed]
A Māori / New Zealand version, titled "A Pukeko in a Ponga Tree," written by Kingi Matutaera Ihaka, appeared as a picture book and cassette recording in 1981.[68][69]
On the late-night sketch-comedy program Second City TV in 1982, the Canadian-rustic characters Bob & Doug McKenzie (Rick Moranis and Dave Thomas) released a version on the SCTV spin-off album Great White North.[70]
Roger Whittaker recorded the traditional version with Angus' format in 1984.
The Twelve Days of Christmas (TV 1993), an animated tale which aired on NBC, features the voices of Marcia Savella, Larry Kenney, Carter Cathcart, Donna Vivino and Phil Hartman.[71]
Walt Kelly did a number of takes on the carol in Pogo. In one of them, the various characters, in fantastic hats, bring the gifts to Miz Beaver. By the 11th day, she, having run out of room -and patience-, calls a halt to the proceedings and speaks to Mr.Miggle, the general store proprieter, about taking them all off her hands.
Christian rock band Relient K released a recording of the song on their 2007 album Let It Snow, Baby... Let It Reindeer. This version known for its slightly satirical refrain: "What's a partridge? What's a pear tree? I don't know, so please don't ask me. But I can bet those are terrible gifts to get." [72]
A program hosted by Tom Arnold, The 12 Days of Redneck Christmas, which takes a look at Christmas traditions, premiered on CMT in 2008. The theme music is "The Twelve Days of Christmas."[73]
Polkadot Cadaver did a satiric version of the song on their album From Bethlehem to Oblivion.
Shannon Chan-Kent, as her character of Pinkie Pie from My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic, sings her own version of the song on the album My Little Pony: It's a Pony Kind of Christmas.[74]
Irish actor Frank Kelly recorded "Christmas Countdown" in 1982 in which a man named Gobnait O’Lunacy receives 12 different Christmas gifts from a lady named Nuala. As each gift is received, the man gets increasingly upset with the person who sent them. This version charted in both Ireland (where it reached number 8 in 1982) and the UK (entering the UK chart in December 1983 and reaching number 26)[75][76]
A special Creature Comforts orchestral arrangement of "The Twelve Days of Christmas" was made by British animator Nick Park and Aardman Animations. Featuring different animals discussing or trying to remember the lyrics of the song, it was released on Christmas Day 2005.[77]
New Orleans band Benny Grunch and the Bunch perform a "locals-humor take" on the song, titled "The Twelve Yats of Christmas."[78][79]
The carol is the main plot device in Ellery Queen's, The Finishing Stroke.
The video game Starcraft: Broodwar released a new map named "Twelve Days of Starcraft" with the song which was adopted a new lyric by Blizzard on 23 December 1999.[80][unreliable source?] In 2013, CarbotAnimations created a new web animation, "StarCrafts Christmas Special 2013 the Twelve Days of StarCrafts", with the song which was played in the map "Twelve Days of Starcraft".[81]
Jimmy Buffet released a Parrothead version.[82]
Canadian impressionist Steve Ivings released a version in 1979, done in his voice impersonations of celebrities such as Dean Martin, Peter Falk, Marlon Brando, Walter Cronkite, Richard Burton, Liberace and Paul Lynde.

text: Christmas Price Index[edit]

text: Since 1984, the cumulative costs of the items mentioned in the song have been used as a tongue-in-cheek economic indicator. Assuming the gifts are repeated in full in each round of the song, then a total of 364 items are delivered by the twelfth day.[83] This custom began with and is maintained by PNC Bank.[84][85] Two pricing charts are created, referred to as the Christmas Price Index and The True Cost of Christmas. The former is an index of the current costs of one set of each of the gifts given by the True Love to the singer of the song "The Twelve Days of Christmas". The latter is the cumulative cost of all the gifts with the repetitions listed in the song. The people mentioned in the song are hired, not purchased. The total costs of all goods and services for the 2015 Christmas Price Index is US$34,130.99,[86] or $155,407.18 for all 364 items.[87][88] The original 1984 cost was $12,623.10. The index has been criticised for not accurately reflecting the true cost of the gifts featured in the Christmas carol.[89]


document_title: 2006 FIFA World Cup Final

question_text: who scored the winning goal in 2006 world cup final

root

text: 2006 FIFA World Cup Final

text: Route to the final[edit]

text:
Italy

Round

France

Opponent

Result

Group stage

Opponent

Result

 Ghana

2–0

Match 1

  Switzerland

0–0

 United States

1–1

Match 2

 South Korea

1–1

 Czech Republic

2–0

Match 3

 Togo

2–0

Team

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

 Italy

3
2
1
0
5
1
+4
7

 Ghana

3
2
0
1
4
3
+1
6

 Czech Republic

3
1
0
2
3
4
−1
3

 United States

3
0
1
2
2
6
−4
1

Final standings

Team

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

  Switzerland

3
2
1
0
4
0
+4
7

 France

3
1
2
0
3
1
+2
5

 South Korea

3
1
1
1
3
4
−1
4

 Togo

3
0
0
3
1
6
−5
0

Opponent

Result

Knockout stage

Opponent

Result

 Australia

1–0

Round of 16

 Spain

3–1

 Ukraine

3–0

Quarter-finals

 Brazil

1–0

 Germany

2–0 (aet)

Semi-finals

 Portugal

1–0

tag: table

text: Pre-match[edit]

text: The opening performance was by singers Shakira and Wyclef Jean, who performed a special version of "Hips Don't Lie" called The Bamboo Version.

tag: p

text: Match[edit]

text: Summary[edit]

text: The final started with each side scoring within the first 20 minutes. Zinedine Zidane opened the scoring by converting a seventh-minute penalty kick,[3] conceded by Marco Materazzi, which glanced off the underside of the crossbar and into the goal. Materazzi then levelled the scores in the 19th minute, a header from six yards following an Andrea Pirlo corner from the right. Both teams had chances to score the winning goal in normal time: Luca Toni hit the crossbar in the 35th minute for Italy, later having a header disallowed for offside, while France were not granted a possible second penalty in the 53rd minute when Florent Malouda went down in the box after a cover tackle from Gianluca Zambrotta. France appeared to be the side with better chances to win because of the higher number of shots on goal. They were unable to capitalise, however, and the score remained at one goal each.

text: At the end of the regulation 90 minutes, the score was still level at 1–1, and the match was forced into extra time. Italian keeper Gianluigi Buffon made a potentially game-saving save in extra time when he tipped a Zidane header over the crossbar.

text: As Zidane and Materazzi were jogging up the pitch close to each other, they briefly exchanged words after Materazzi was seen tugging at Zidane's jersey before Zidane began to walk away from him. Moments later, Zidane suddenly stopped, turned around and head-butted Materazzi's chest, knocking him to the ground. Although play was halted, referee Horacio Elizondo did not appear to have seen the confrontation. According to match officials' reports, fourth official Luis Medina Cantalejo informed Elizondo of the incident through his headset.[4] After consulting his assistants, Elizondo issued Zidane a red card in the 110th minute.[5] It marked the 14th overall expulsion of Zidane's career, and joined him with Cameroon's Rigobert Song as the only players ever to be sent off during two separate World Cup tournaments.[6] He also became the fourth player red-carded in a World Cup final, in addition to being the first sent off in extra time.[7]

text: Extra time produced no further goals and a penalty shoot-out followed, which Italy won 5–3. France's David Trezeguet, the man who scored the golden goal against Italy in the Euro 2000 final, was the only player not to score his penalty; his spot kick hit the crossbar, leaving Fabio Grosso – who scored Italy's first goal in the semi-final against Germany – to score the winning penalty.[8]

text: Details[edit]

text:
Italy

1–1 (a.e.t.)

 France

Materazzi  19'

Report

Zidane  7' (pen.)

Penalties

Pirlo
Materazzi
De Rossi
Del Piero
Grosso

5–3

 Wiltord
 Trezeguet
 Abidal
 Sagnol

text:
Italy

France

text:
GK
1
Gianluigi Buffon

RB
19
Gianluca Zambrotta
 5'

CB
5
Fabio Cannavaro (c)

CB
23
Marco Materazzi

LB
3
Fabio Grosso

RM
16
Mauro Camoranesi

 86'

CM
8
Gennaro Gattuso

CM
21
Andrea Pirlo

LM
20
Simone Perrotta

 61'

SS
10
Francesco Totti

 61'

CF
9
Luca Toni

Substitutions:

MF
4
Daniele De Rossi

 61'

FW
15
Vincenzo Iaquinta

 61'

FW
7
Alessandro Del Piero

 86'

Manager:

Marcello Lippi

GK
16
Fabien Barthez

RB
19
Willy Sagnol
 12'

CB
15
Lilian Thuram

CB
5
William Gallas

LB
3
Éric Abidal

CM
4
Patrick Vieira

 56'

CM
6
Claude Makélélé
 76'

RW
22
Franck Ribéry

 100'

AM
10
Zinedine Zidane (c)
 110'

LW
7
Florent Malouda
 111'

CF
12
Thierry Henry

 107'

Substitutions:

MF
18
Alou Diarra

 56'

FW
20
David Trezeguet

 100'

FW
11
Sylvain Wiltord

 107'

Manager:

Raymond Domenech

text:
Man of the Match:
Andrea Pirlo (Italy)[1]
Assistant referees:
Dario García (Argentina)
Rodolfo Otero (Argentina)
Fourth official:
Luis Medina Cantalejo (Spain)
Fifth official:
Victoriano Giraldez Carrasco (Spain)

Match rules:

90 minutes
30 minutes of extra time if scores level
Penalty shoot-out if scores still level
12 substitutes named, of which three may be used

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
Overall[9]

Italy

France

Goals scored

1
1

Total shots

5
13

Shots on target

3
6

Ball possession

55%
45%

Corner kicks

5
7

Fouls committed

17
24

Offsides

4
2

Yellow cards

1
3

Red cards

0
1

text: Post-match[edit]

text: German President Horst Köhler, UEFA president Lennart Johansson, and Franz Beckenbauer were among those present on the pitch stage during the awards ceremony. President Köhler handed the trophy to Italian captain Fabio Cannavaro without FIFA president Sepp Blatter's presence.[10] As Cannavaro raised the trophy, a short version of Patrizio Buanne's "Stand Up (Champions Theme)" was played.[10]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: Provocation of Zidane[edit]

text: After video evidence suggested that Materazzi had verbally provoked Zidane, three British media newspapers claimed to have hired lip readers to determine what Materazzi had said, with The Times, The Sun and Daily Star claiming that Materazzi called Zidane "the son of a terrorist whore". Materazzi disputed this claim, eventually winning public apologies from The Sun and Daily Star in 2008,[11][12] as well as libel damages from all three British newspapers.[13]

text: Zidane only partly explained that repeated harsh insults about his mother had caused him to react.[14] Materazzi admitted talking trash to Zidane, but argued that Zidane's behaviour had been very arrogant and that the remarks were trivial.[15] Materazzi also insisted that he did not insult Zidane's mother (who was ill at the time), claiming, "I didn't talk about his mother, either. I lost my mother when I was fifteen, and even now I still get emotional talking about it".[16][17]

text: Zidane later apologised but added that he did not regret his offence because he felt that this would condone Materazzi's actions.[18] Two months later, Materazzi offered his version of events, claiming that after he had grabbed Zidane's jersey, Zidane remarked, "If you want my shirt, I will give it to you afterwards", and he replied to Zidane that he would prefer his sister, but claimed during the interview that he was unaware Zidane even had a sister.[19] Over a year after the incident, Materazzi confirmed that his precise words to Zidane were: "I prefer the whore that is your sister".[20]

text: Reactions[edit]

text: After the final, then-President of France Jacques Chirac hailed Zidane as a "man of heart and conviction".[21] Chirac later added that he found the offence to be unacceptable, but he understood that Zidane had been provoked.[22] However, French newspaper Le Figaro called the headbutt "odious" and "unacceptable".[23] Time magazine regarded the incident as a symbol for Europe's "grappling with multi-culturalism".[24] Despite the ongoing furore, Zidane's sponsors announced that they would stick with him.[25]

text: The incident was extensively lampooned on the Internet and in popular culture. Family Guy parodied it in the episode "Saving Private Brian", in which Zidane headbutts an old lady while delivering her a birthday cake. The Simpsons parodied it in the episode "Marge Gamer", in which Homer Simpson shouts "Zidane!", when headbutting the linesman. In addition to becoming a staple of parody via numerous online videos and GIFs, a novelty song titled Coup de Boule ("Headbutt") reached the top of the French charts.

text: In light of Zidane's statements, FIFA opened disciplinary proceedings to investigate the incident. FIFA also affirmed the legality of Elizondo's decision to send Zidane off, rejecting claims that Cantalejo had illegally relied on video transmission to make a decision about handling Zidane's misconduct.[26] FIFA issued a CHF 5,000 fine and a two-match ban against Materazzi, while Zidane received a three-match ban and a CHF 7,500 fine. Since Zidane had already retired, he voluntarily served three days of community service on FIFA's behalf as a substitute for the match ban.[27]

text: The Hidden Face of Zidane, written by journalist Besma Lahouri and published in September 2008, claimed that Zidane had expressed his regret for the incident during a conversation with his cousin.[28]

text: In October 2009, in an interview conducted on French radio station RTL, Zidane stated: "Let's not forget that provocation is a terrible thing. I have never been one to provoke; I have never done it. It's terrible, and it is best not to react".[29]

text: Viewer figures[edit]

text: According to FIFA, 715.1 million individuals globally watched the final match of this tournament.[30] IPG's independent media agency Initiative Worldwide estimated a 260 million people viewership.[31] The independent firm Initiative Futures Sport + Entertainment estimates it at 322 million viewers.[32]


document_title: Mexico at the FIFA World Cup

question_text: what's the farthest mexico has gone in the world cup

question_tokens: what 's the farthest mexico has gone in the world cup

text: Mexico at the FIFA World Cup

text: Records[edit]

text:
FIFA World Cup record

Year
Round
Position
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA

 1930
Group Stage
13th
3
0
0
3
4
13

 1934
Did Not Qualify

 1938
Withdrew

 1950
Group Stage
12th
3
0
0
3
2
10

 1954
Group Stage
14th
2
0
0
2
2
8

 1958
Group Stage
16th
3
0
1
2
1
8

 1962
Group Stage
11th
3
1
0
2
3
4

 1966
Group Stage
12th
3
0
2
1
1
3

 1970
Quarter-Final
6th
4
2
1
1
6
4

 1974
Did Not Qualify

 1978
Group stage
16th
3
0
0
3
2
12

 1982
Did Not Qualify

 1986
Quarter-Final
6th
5
3
2
0
6
2

 1990
Banned

 1994
Round of 16
13th
4
1
2
1
4
4

 1998
Round of 16
13th
4
1
2
1
8
7

  2002
Round of 16
11th
4
2
1
1
4
4

 2006
Round of 16
15th
4
1
1
2
5
5

 2010
Round of 16
14th
4
1
1
2
4
5

 2014
Round of 16
10th
4
2
1
1
5
3

Total
Quarter-Final
15/20
53
14
14
25
57
92

text: By match[edit]

text:
World Cup
Round
Against
Score
Scorers

1930
Group Stage
 France
1-4
Carreño

 Chile
0–3

 Argentina
3-6
Manuel Rosas (2), Gayón

1950
Group Stage
 Brazil
0–4

 Yugoslavia
1–4
Héctor Ortiz

  Switzerland
1–2
Casarín

1954
Group Stage
 Brazil
0-5

 France
2–3
Lamadrid, Balcázar

1958
Group Stage
 Sweden
0–3

 Wales
1–1
Belmonte

 Hungary
0–4

1962
Group Stage
 Brazil
0–2

 Spain
0–1

 Czechoslovakia
3-1
Díaz, del Águila, Hernández

1966
Group Stage
 France
1-1
Borja

 England
0-2

 Uruguay
0-0

1970
Group Stage
 Soviet Union
0-0

 El Salvador
4-0
Valdivia (2), Fragoso, Basaguren

 Belgium
1-0
Peña

Quarter Final
 Italy
1-4
González

1978
Group Stage
 Tunisia
1-3
Vázquez Ayala

 West Germany
0-6

 Poland
1-3
Rangel

1986
Group Stage
 Belgium
2-1
Quirarte, Hugo Sánchez

 Paraguay
1-1
Luis Flores

 Iraq
1-0
Quirarte

Round of 16
 Bulgaria
2–0
Negrete, Servín

Quarter Final
 West Germany
0–0 (AET), 1-4 (p)

1994
Group Stage
 Norway
0-1

 Republic of Ireland
2–1
García (2)

 Italy
1-1
Bernal

Round of 16
 Bulgaria
1-1 (AET), 1-3 (p)
García Aspe

1998
Group Stage
 South Korea
3–1
Peláez, Hernández (2)

 Belgium
2–2
García Aspe, Blanco

 Netherlands
2–2
Peláez, Hernández

Round of 16
 Germany
1-2
Hernández

2002
Group Stage
 Croatia
1-0
Blanco

 Ecuador
2-1
Borgetti, Torrado

 Italy
1–1
Borgetti

Round of 16
 United States
0-2

2006
Group Stage
 Iran
3–1
Bravo (2), Zinha

 Angola
0–0

 Portugal
1-2
Fonseca

Round of 16
 Argentina
1-2 (AET)
Márquez

2010
Group Stage
 South Africa
1-1
Márquez

 France
2-0
Javier Hernández, Blanco

 Uruguay
0-1

Round of 16
 Argentina
1-3
Javier Hernández

2014
Group Stage
 Cameroon
1–0
Peralta

 Brazil
0-0

 Croatia
3-1
Márquez, Guardado, Javier Hernández

Round of 16
 Netherlands
1-2
G. Dos Santos

text: Record Players[edit]

text: Mexican goalkeeper Antonio Carbajal has appeared in five different FIFA World Cups, a record he shares with German midfielder Lothar Matthäus.

text:
No.
Name
Matches
World Cups

1
Rafael Márquez
16
2002, 2006, 2010 and 2014

2
Antonio Carbajal
11
1950, 1954, 1958, 1962 and 1966

Cuauhtémoc Blanco
11
1998, 2002 and 2010

Gerardo Torrado
11
2002, 2006 and 2010

5
Carlos Salcido
10
2006, 2010 and 2014

6
Chava Reyes
9
1958, 1962 and 1966

7
Hugo Sánchez
8
1978, 1986 and 1994

Jorge Campos
8
1994 and 1998

Claudio Suárez
8
1994 and 1998

Alberto García Aspe
8
1994, 1998 and 2002

Jesús Arellano
8
1998, 2002 and 2006

text: Top Goalscorers[edit]

text:
No.
Name
Goals
World Cups

1
Luis Hernández
4
1998

3
Cuauhtémoc Blanco
3
1998, 2002 and 2010

Rafael Márquez
3
2006, 2010 and 2014

Javier Hernández
3
2010 and 2014

5
Manuel Rosas
2
1930

Javier Valdivia
2
1970

Fernando Quirarte
2
1986

Luis García
2
1994

Alberto García Aspe
2
1994 and 1998

Ricardo Peláez
2
1998

Jared Borgetti
2
2002

Omar Bravo
2
2006