document_title: Death Note (2017 film)

question_text: who voices ryuk in death note live action

text: Death Note (2017 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Seattle, Washington, high school student Light Turner encounters a notebook marked "Death Note". He is visited by the death god Ryuk, who tells him that he can cause the death of anyone he wishes by writing their name in the book, as long as he knows their real name and face. Ryuk coaxes Light into testing it out on a bully. The bully is decapitated in a freak accident shortly afterwards. That evening, Light is compelled to write down the name of Antony Skomal, the man who killed his mother in a hit and run. Skomal dies in a similar freak accident at a restaurant. Ryuk explains other rules of the Death Note, including the ability to control the actions of the victim for up to 48 hours after their name is written before they die. Classmate Mia Sutton asks Light about the Death Note, and he demonstrates how it works. She encourages Light to use the Death Note with her to rid the world of criminals, improving the world. They decide to work together under the guise of a god they call "Kira", using the book's coercion powers to have their victims reveal this name to the world.

text: Kira becomes beloved by the public, as its killings are seen as righteous by the majority of law enforcement, and Light and Mia become lovers. Kira's actions draw the attention of "L", an enigmatic detective who is able to track down Kira's location to Seattle and his source to the city's police database. L and his assistant/father-figure Watari travel to Seattle and meet with James Turner, the chief of police and Light's father, to discuss how they will catch Kira. L gives a televised speech with his face concealed, taunting Kira to kill him, and when this fails to happen, L suspects that Kira must know a person's name and face to kill.

text: L has FBI agents follow Light and other suspects. Mia suggests killing the agents, but Light refuses. The FBI agents thereafter commit mass suicide and Light accuses Ryuk of killing them. James appears on television and vows to apprehend Kira. Mia urges Light to kill him for the greater good, but Light can't bring himself to do it. When James is not killed, L comes to the conclusion that Light must be Kira. L confronts Light, revealing his face to him. Realizing that L is closing in on him and with Mia motivating him, Light uses the Death Note to force Watari to uncover L's real name. As Ryuk explains, Light can burn the page with Watari's name on it within the 48 hours to cancel his impending death; however, this method can only be used to save a victim of the Death Note once. Watari leaves suddenly for the abandoned New York orphanage where he found L years before; L learns Watari has disappeared and orders Light's house to be searched; he finds nothing, as Mia was able to sneak the Death Note out.

text: Knowing that Light is still being followed, Mia helps him to sneak away at the school dance, allowing him to collect the Death Note and contact Watari via phone. Watari finds L's records moments before the 48-hour deadline, but Light finds Watari's page missing. Watari is then shot and killed by unknown soldiers before he can reveal L's name. Mia reveals that she used the Death Note to kill the FBI agents in order to protect herself and Light, took Watari's page, and has also written Light's name in the book, giving him until midnight before his heart stops. She offers to burn Light's page if he gives the Death Note to her, as she believes he is not capable of making the right decisions for the good of society. Meanwhile, L is devastated by Watari's death and goes on his own manhunt for Light.

text: Light tells Mia to meet him at the Seattle Great Wheel where he will turn over the book, and then flees from police, who are closing in on him. L catches up to him and prepares to kill him, but a passerby knocks L out after overhearing that Light is Kira. Pursued by police, Light meets Mia and takes her to the top of the ferris wheel. Light tries to convince Mia that they will be happier without the Death Note, at first seemingly dissuaded, Mia takes the Death Note when Light turns to look out, much to Light's intense dismay. Confused at first, she realised that Light must have wrote her name in the book, with her death contingent on her taking the Death Note from him. With both of them doomed, Ryuk causes the Ferris wheel to collapse. Mia falls to her death, while Light and the Death Note fall into the water. The page with Light's name on it drifts into a burn barrel, an event witnessed by L. Though Light is rescued from the water, he has fallen into a coma.

text: Two days later, a man leaves the Death Note at Light's bedside. When Light wakes up, he finds his father there, who tells him he knows that Light is Kira. James explains that he found a news clipping about Skomal's death in Light's room and realized that he was Kira's first victim. Light explains that he used the Death Note at the school to plan out Mia's death in a way that would ensure his own page got burned if she took the Death Note. He also manipulated several criminals to induce him into a medical coma, having them use the Death Note during his comatose absence to give himself an alibi. With Kira continuing to kill while Light was in a coma, L is taken off the case and forced to return to Japan. As his plane is about to take off, he ponders a comment Light made during their standoff, realizing Mia's involvement, he stops the plane and races to her home to search her possessions. He finds the Death Note page with the names of the FBI agents she killed on it, and in a hysterical fit, contemplates writing a name on the page. Back in Light's hospital room, Ryuk appears, laughing. When Light asks him why he's laughing, he simply comments "You humans are so interesting".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Nat Wolff as Light Turner / "Kira": A high-school student who discovers the titular "Death Note" and uses it to kill criminals by writing their names and causes of death, and thus, alongside Mia Sutton, becoming the world-famous serial killer known as "Kira", while praised by law enforcement.
Lakeith Stanfield as L: A highly intelligent and skilled—but also arrogant and unhinged—FBI agent who is obsessively determined to capture Kira and end his reign.
Margaret Qualley as Mia Sutton / "Kira": Light's classmate and love interest, who becomes an ally in his mission to rid the world of criminals, eventually seeking to kill those who seek to stop them and becoming dangerously obsessed with the book's power. In an interview with io9, Adam Wingard revealed that rather than being based on original manga character Misa Amane, Sutton as a character is based on the sociopathic qualities of Light Yagami.[2]
Shea Whigham as James Turner: Light's father and a police officer who aids L in bringing down the mysterious Kira, unaware that he is Light.
Paul Nakauchi as Watari: L's assistant and father-figure.
Willem Dafoe and Jason Liles as Ryuk: A demonic god of death and the creator of the Death Note, who begins communicating with Light when he receives the book and warns him about its repercussions. Liles played the character in costume, while Dafoe provided voice work and performance capture for the facial elements.

text: Production[edit]

text: In 2007, the Malaysian newspaper The Star stated that more than ten film companies in the United States had expressed interest in the Death Note franchise.[3] The American production company Vertigo Entertainment was originally set to develop the remake, with Charley and Vlas Parlapanides as screenwriters and Roy Lee, Doug Davison, Dan Lin, and Brian Witten as producers.[4] On April 30, 2009, Variety reported that Warner Bros., the distributors for the original Japanese live-action films, had acquired the rights for an American remake, with the original screenwriters and producers still attached.[5] In 2009, Zac Efron responded to rumors that he would be playing the film's lead role by stating that the project was "not on the front burner".[6] On January 13, 2011, it was announced that Shane Black had been hired to direct the film, with the script being written by Anthony Bagarozzi and Charles Mondry.[7] Warner's studios planned to change the background story of Light Yagami into one of vengeance instead of justice and to remove Shinigami from the story. Black opposed this change, and it had not been green-lit.[8] Black confirmed in a 2013 interview with Bleeding Cool that he was still working on the film.[9] In July 2014, it was rumored that Gus Van Sant would replace Black as the film's new director, with Dan Lin, Doug Davison, Roy Lee and Brian Witten producing through Vertigo Entertainment, Witten Pictures and Lin Pictures.[10]

text: On April 27, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Adam Wingard would direct the film, that Lin, Lee, Jason Hoffs and Masi Oka would produce, and that Niija Kuykendall and Nik Mavinkurve would oversee the studio.[11] Producers stated the film would receive an R rating.[12] In April 2016, TheWrap reported that because Warner Bros. had decided to make fewer films, the studio put the film into turnaround but allowed Wingard to take the project elsewhere. Within 48 hours, Wingard was reportedly approached by nearly every major film studio.[13] On April 6, 2016, it was confirmed that Netflix had bought the film from Warner Bros. with a budget of $40–50 million and a recent draft of the script being written by Jeremy Slater. Production officially began in British Columbia on June 30, 2016, overseen by DN (Canada) Productions, Inc.[14][15][16][17][18]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On September 29, 2015, Nat Wolff was cast in the lead role.[19] On November 12, 2015, Margaret Qualley joined the film as the female lead.[20] In June 2016, Lakeith Stanfield joined the cast.[21] On June 30, 2016, it was announced that Paul Nakauchi and Shea Whigham had joined the cast.[22] On August 2, 2016, Willem Dafoe was announced to voice the Shinigami Ryuk.[23] In the wake of Dafoe's casting, Brian Drummond, who voiced Ryuk in the English dub of the anime, voiced his approval citing the casting of Ryuk.[24]

text: Early casting announcements, similar to other Hollywood productions based on Japanese manga such as Dragonball Evolution and Ghost in the Shell, resulted in accusations of whitewashing.[25][26] In response, producers Roy Lee and Dan Lin stated that "Our vision for Death Note has always been to...introduce the world to this dark and mysterious masterpiece. The talent and diversity represented in our cast, writing, and producing teams reflect our belief in staying true to the story's concept of moral relevance—a universal theme that knows no racial boundaries."[18] Oka announced that he also has a role in the film.[27] Atticus Ross and Leopold Ross composed the score for the film.

text: Wingard addressed the concerns over the film, explaining that the film is an American take on the Death Note story, stating, "It's one of those things where the harder I tried to stay 100 percent true to the source material, the more it just kind of fell apart... You're in a different country, you're in a different kind of environment, and you're trying to also summarize a sprawling series into a two-hour-long film. For me, it became about; what do these themes mean to modern day America, and how does that affect how we tell the story."[28]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on Netflix on August 25, 2017. On July 20, 2017, the film was screened early for audiences at San Diego Comic-Con International 2017.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On March 22, 2017, Netflix released a teaser of the film on YouTube.[29] An additional trailer was released on June 29, 2017.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Death Note received mixed to negative reviews, with critics calling it "a bad decision on top of a festering pile of bad decisions", "a lazy, unambitious, forgettable movie" and "boring",[30][31] though Adam Wingard's direction, the soundtrack, visual style and the performances of the cast received some praise, particularly Willem Dafoe as Ryuk.[31] On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 40% based on 53 reviews, and an average rating of 4.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Death Note benefits from director Adam Wingard's distinctive eye and a talented cast, but they aren't enough to overcome a fatally overcrowded canvas."[32] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a score of 43 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[33]

text: Jeanette Catsoulis for The New York Times wrote that the film "feels rushed and constricted" compared to the volume of the source material, but praised how Wingard's direction focused on "mood over mayhem" to make the adaptation his own.[34] Peter Debruge for Variety said that he felt that Wingard took the film adaptation towards a Donnie Darko-styled work that would capture the interest of more Western audiences compared to the original work, but made the work capture the feel of a theatrical film rather than a work confined to its original medium. Debruge also wrote that despite the philosophical concepts of murdering via the Death Note, "the movie never quite reckons with just how twisted a concept it’s peddling, and that’s easily the scariest thing about it".[35] Brian Tallerico for Rogerebert.com gave the film one of four stars, stating that the changes that Wingard had made from the original work did not serve any artistic or thematic purpose, nor captured the cat-and-mouse game between Light and L that was core to the original work, and because the producers "refused to make Light the antihero he needed to be", the addition of Mia as a love interest "[left] the project hollow at its center".[36]

text: Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata, the original creators of Death Note, have praised the film, with the former stating, "In a good way, it both followed and diverged from the original work so the film can be enjoyed, of course by not only the fans, but also by a much larger and wider audience".[37]

text: Possible sequel[edit]

text: In an interview with Heat Vision, director Adam Wingard stated that Netflix has wanted to make at least two films, if enough people watch the first one. He said: "There are definitely lots of places to go, and we know generally where we would take it. Hopefully people will watch it and Netflix will order a sequel. They definitely are ready to. They just need people to watch it."[38]


document_title: Mangalorean Catholic name

question_text: where does the last name sequeira come from

root

text: Mangalorean Catholic name

text: Male given names[edit]

text: Most Mangalorean Catholic names for males follow the second declension. However, if the name ends in e, it follows the first declension, such as Zoze (Joseph). If the name ends in o, it follows the third declension, such as Lorso (Lawrence). The name follows the fourth declension if it ends in i, such as Jākki (Joachim). The fifth declension is observed if the name ends in u, such as Gabru (Gabriel), or if it ends in ãuñ, such as Zuãuñ (John).[2]

tag: p

text:
Males

Mangalorean Catholic variant

Portuguese variant

English/anglicized variant

Meaning

Saver

Xavier

Xavier

new house

Valentin

Valentim

Valentine

strong, healthy

Simāuň

Simão

Simon

he has heard

Sebastiauň or Bastiauň

Sebastião

Sebastian

Salvador or Saldor

Salvador

Salvador

Saviour

Rozār or Ruzār

Rosário

Rosario

Rosary

Filip

Filipe or Felipe

Philip

friend of horses

Paullu or Paullā

Paulo

Paul

Humble

Pāsku

Pascoal

Pascal

associated with Passover (or Easter)

Niklāuň or Niku

Nicolau or Nico (informal)

Nicholas

Victory of the people

Mortin

Martim

Martin

Gift of God

Mortes

Mateus

Matthew

Warlike

Luis

Luís

Lewis

Famous warrior

Lorso or Lores

Lourenço

Laurence

from Laurentum, an ancient Roman city

Lazar or Lādru

Lázaro

Lazarus

God has helped

Jākki or Jokki

Joaquim or Jaquim (informal)

Joachim

Jākob or Jāku

Jacob or Jacó

James

Holds the heel

Mingel

Miguel

Michael

Who is like God?

Pedru

Pedro

Peter

Stone

Šila

Silvestre

Sylvester

Wooded

Zuãuñ

João

John

God is gracious

Zoze

José

Joseph

The Lord will add

Source: English-Konkani Dictionary (2001)[3]

tag: table

text: Female given names[edit]

text: Mangalorean Catholic female naming conventions differ for married or grown up females and young girls. In case of married or grown up females, most names (more distinctly names ending in a or e) follow the first declension.[2]

text:
Females

Mangalorean Catholic variant

Portuguese variant

English/anglicized variant

Meaning

Zúān

Joana

Jane

Yahweh (God) is gracious

Lus or Lujeň

Luz or Lúcia

Lucy

Light

Luisā

Luísa

Louisa

Mornel

Madalena

Magdalene

Martu

Marta

Martha

the lady

Rakel

Raquel

Rachel

one with purity

Rejin

Regina

Regina

Queen

Ritu

Rita

Rita

Rozzi

Rosa

Rose

Sobin

Sabina

Sabina

Serpin

Serafina

Serafina

Monku

Mónica

Monica

To advise

Nâtu

Natália

Natalia

Birthday

Zâbel

Isabel

Elizabeth

My God is my oath

Source: English-Konkani Dictionary (2001)[3]

text: Surnames[edit]

text: After the Portuguese possession of Goa in 1510, the Portuguese consolidated their power by imposing their own government and cultural institutions in Goa. They also started spreading Christianity in Goa and converted a large population to Christianity. The Christians adopted Portuguese surnames, customs and traditions. Later due to various religious, political, economic, cultural, social causes such as the religious intolerance of the Goa Inquisition (1560), pressures and attacks from the Marathas in Goa during the late 17th and the early 18th century, food shortages, epidemics, heavy taxation, the Goan Catholics started migrating to safer lands in South Canara, where they were welcomed.[4][5]

text: After these Goan migrants settled in South Canara, they came to be known as Mangalorean Catholics, and continued using Portuguese surnames bestowed to their ancestors by the Portuguese.[6] Some families, however, still use their original Goud Saraswat Brahmin surnames such as Prabhu, Kamat, Shett, Pai, and Shenoy.[7] These original surnames are actually the names of five classes of persons and originally mean "lord, cultivator, merchant, warrior and writer".[8] To capture their tradition, many have reverted to their original family surnames.[9]  Four of these are Goud Saraswat Brahmin surnames, with the exception of Shett that is used by a few who trace their origins to the Daivadnya Brahmins of Goa.[1] A minuscule percentage descended from local converts still use the surname Padval.[1] These ancestral pre-conversion surnames of the Mangalorean Catholics are called paik in Konkani.[10] Mudartha is a unique Mangalorean Catholic surname to be found among some who hail from the Udupi district.[11]

text: Presently, Portuguese surnames are also observed in Goan Catholics and East Indian Catholics and some other Christians in India. Portuguese surnames are very popular across the world and significantly found in Portugal, Brazil, Macau, Angola, Cape Verde, East Timor, Equatorial Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, São Tomé and Príncipe and Mozambique.

text: Bold indicates common surnamesItalics indicates uncommon surnames

text:
Portuguese Surnames

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

Adailton

Bandeira

Cabral

da Costa

Esteves

Faria

Gama

Henriques

Lopes

Maciel

Abreu

Baptista

Caeiro

da Rosa

Estibeiro

Fernandes

Gomes

Lasrado

Martin

Ademir

Bacardo

Caiado

de Costa

Estrocio

Ferreira

Gonsalves

Lobo

Martins

Afonso

Barbosa

Calado

de Cunha

Figueira

Gonçalves

Luis

Medeiros

Agostinho

Barboz

Calisto

de Mello

Furtado

Gracias

Lewis

Mendonça

Aguiar

Barcelos

Camara

de Penha

Fonseca

Goveas

Mendonca

Alberto

Barco

Câmara

de Souza

Ferrao

Menezes

Albuquerque

Barnes

Campos

D'Costa

Moraes

Alcantara

Barreto

Cardinho

D'Cunha

Machado

Aldeia

Barros

Cardoso

D'Mello

Mendes

Alemao

Batista

Caridade

D'Penha

Miranda

Almeida

Benedicto

Carlos

D'Souza

Madtha

Alva

Benjamin

Carmo

Dias

Martis

Alvares

Bennis

Carneiro

Dorado

Mathias

Álvares

Bento

Carrasco

D'Silva

Misquith

Alves

Borges

Carreira

de Silva

Monis

Alves da Silva

Botelho

Carvalho

Dourado

Monteiro

Alvim

Braga

Castanha

D'sa

Mascarenhas

Amaral

Branco

Castelino

Domingo

Moras

Amarildo

Brandao

Castellino

Ambrose

Brandão

Catao

Amor

Brito

Cavaco

Amorim

Britto

Cereja

Andrade

Bruno

Chico

Antunes

Buthello

Clement

Aranaha

Betancourt

Coelho

Araújo

Biscoito

Colaço

Assunção

Brazão

Coma

Aurora

Conceicao

Azavedo

Conceição

Azevedo

Concessao

Alfonso

Corda

Cordeiro

Cordo

Correia

Corte-Real

Corte-Real

Costa

Coutinho

Couto

Crasta

Crasto

Criado

Cruz

Cunha

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

X

Y

Z

Nascimento

Olivera

Pacheco

Quadros

Rangel

Tavares

Valadares

Xavier

Zuzarte

Nazareth

Pais

Raposo

Saldanha

Tavora

Valles

Neves

Paes

Rasquinha

Sales

Teles

Vaz

Noronha

Paiva

Rebello

Santamaria

Telles

Veiga

Nunes

Palha

Rego

Santimano

Texeira

Velho

Palmeira

Remedios

Sapeco

Torrado

Verdes

Peixote

Reveredo

Sardinha

Torres

Viegas

Pereira

Ribeiro

Schunker

Torquato

Vieira

Peres

Rocha

Sena

Travasso

Picardo

Sequeira

Trinidade

Pimenta

Rodricks

Silva

Pinheiro

Rodrigues

Silveira

Pinho

Rosario

Simoes

Pinto

Soares

Pires

Suares

Po

Sousa

Prazeres

Souza

See also: List of Portuguese surnames

text:
Portuguese variant

Mangalorean Catholic variant

Sousa

Soz

Coelho

Coel

Pinto

Pint

Sources: A Konkani Grammar (2003)[12]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c Pinto 1999, p. 168 "The Konkani Christians had names of saints like Peter, John, James, Jacob and Portuguese surnames like Saldanha, Britto, Coelho, Pinto, Vas and others. Some did have Hindu surnames: Shet, Shenoy, Kamalh, Padival, etc."

^ Jump up to: a b Maffei 2003, p. 38

^ Jump up to: a b Maffei 2001, p. 541

Jump up ^ "Christianity in Mangalore". Diocese of Mangalore. Archived from the original on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 2008-07-30.

Jump up ^ Pinto 1999, p. 124

Jump up ^ Farias 1999, p. 12 "The Christians have European surnames which were bestowed on their ancestors by the Portuguese who stood sponsors to them at the time of their baptism."

Jump up ^ South Kanara District Gazetteer 1973, p. 103

Jump up ^ Maffei 2003, p. 217

Jump up ^ Sarasvati's Children - Joe Lobo

Jump up ^ Prabhu 1999, p. 137

Jump up ^ D'Souza, Dr. Eugene (5 September 2009). "Prof Wilfred D'Souza - Third Generation Teacher Who Achieved Greater Heights". Daijiworld Media Pvt Ltd Mangalore. Archived from the original on 27 April 2010. Retrieved 19 November 2009.

Jump up ^ Maffei 2003, p. 8

tag: ol


document_title: Smurfs: The Lost Village

question_text: who plays hefty in smurfs the lost village

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Smurf Village, the Smurfs live peacefully among themselves and their leader is Papa Smurf. Some of the Smurfs include Clumsy Smurf, Brainy Smurf, Hefty Smurf and Smurfette, who was created by Gargamel from a lump of clay, but redeemed by Papa Smurf and became part of the village. Gargamel makes it his mission to capture the Smurfs, steal all of their essences, and become the most powerful wizard in the world.

text: After Smurfette accidentally breaks an invention by Brainy, she sees a blue creature hidden by a leaf and follows it straight into the Forbidden Forest, believing the creature to be a Smurf. She loses sight of the creature but discovers a hat was dropped by the possible Smurf. Smurfette ends up being captured by Gargamel and at his castle, she ends up inadvertently revealing the hat, enabling Gargamel to mix up a brew that causes him to locate the village on a map. Soon enough Hefty, Brainy, and Clumsy help Smurfette escape and return to Smurf Village, where Papa Smurf punishes them for disobeying his orders and confines them to their houses while dismissing their claims of a lost village filled with Smurfs.

text: Smurfette sneaks out into the night, however, with Brainy, Clumsy, and Hefty volunteer to come with her. Smurfette agrees to let them join her and together the four enter the Forbidden Forest. Gargamel soon discovers them trying to find the lost village and heads out with Azrael and Monty to stop them.

text: The four follow the map and end up in various adventures; after setting sail on their handmade raft along the river, they encounter Gargamel, Azrael, and Monty again. Following a brief chase, Gargamel is thrown out of his own raft, so Hefty and Smurfette convince the others to help save him. They do so, but instead of thanking them, he pushed them out of their raft, leaving them to plunge down a waterfall.

text: Meanwhile, back at Smurf Village, Papa Smurf tries to reconcile with Smurfette over his actions on the previous night but soon discovers she, Brainy, Hefty, and Clumsy are gone, so he sets out to find them and set things right with them. The four are soon captured by the leaf-covered creature along with a few others who reveal themselves to be female Smurfs. They are taken to Smurfy Grove where they meet Smurf Willow, Smurf Storm, Smurf Blossom, Smurf Lily and Smurf Melody, who all welcome the Smurfs to their humble home. Smurf Storm and Clumsy head away from the village to locate Gargamel and alert the others.

text: After a while of showing them what they do, Smurf Storm and Clumsy come back with her telling Smurfette was created by Gargamel. The female Smurfs prepare an attack that night but instead of Gargamel, Papa Smurf appears, and the female Smurfs accept him into their home. Soon, Gargamel comes and destroys Smurfy Grove, capturing all the Smurfs, with the exception of Smurfette, who is now alone, feeling heartbroken for her actions. However, Snappy shows her a picture of her and the others, and she soon realizes she is not a real Smurf, and heads back to Gargamel's lair, then save the Smurfs.

text: At Gargamel's lair, Brainy makes a plan to escape. Papa Smurf hears their plan and he and Smurf Willow decide to help them. Hefty, Brainy, Clumsy, and some of the female Smurfs succeed at the plan until Gargamel and Azrael spot them and put some of the female Smurfs and Clumsy into his Smurfilator, extracting their essence. Smurfette appears, tricking Gargamel into believing she wants to be an evil smurf again. When Gargamel tries to turn Smurfette into an evil smurf, he realizes Smurfette is absorbing his magic powers instead after destroying Brainy's invention. The lair sends the trio flying into the piranha-infested lake. Unfortunately, Smurfette has reverted to a lifeless lump of clay.

text: Back at Smurf Village, all the Smurfs mourn the loss of Smurfette. Their energy and love for Smurfette revives her, and everybody happily celebrates. Smurf Village and Smurfy Grove rejoice in their new unity; in the end, Smurfette finally finds her purpose and becomes most of all, a true-blue Smurf.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Demi Lovato as Smurfette,[9] a girl smurf who was created by the wizard Gargamel. She is adored by the male Smurfs of the village. She is curious about her purpose in the village.
Rainn Wilson as Gargamel,[9] an evil wizard who seeks to find the Smurfs and destroy them.
Mandy Patinkin as Papa Smurf,[10] the fatherly Smurf leader of Smurf Village and Smurf Willow's former arch-rival. Patinkin also narrates the film.
Joe Manganiello as Hefty Smurf,[11] a strong Smurf who has a crush on Smurfette.
Jack McBrayer as Clumsy Smurf,[11] an accident-prone Smurf.
Danny Pudi as Brainy Smurf,[11] a clever Smurf.
Julia Roberts as Smurf Willow,[1] the motherly Smurf leader of Smurfy Grove and Papa Smurf's former arch-rival.
Michelle Rodriguez as Smurf Storm,[1] a street-smart female Smurf who doesn't trust Smurfette.
Ellie Kemper as Smurf Blossom,[1] an energetic girl Smurf who quickly befriends Smurfette.
Ariel Winter as Smurf Lily,[1] a gentle girl Smurf.
Meghan Trainor as Smurf Melody,[12] a musical girl Smurf.
Jake Johnson as Grouchy Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is always grouchy.
Gordon Ramsay as Baker Smurf,[1] a Smurf who bakes cakes.
Tituss Burgess as Vanity Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is obsessed with his looks.
Gabriel Iglesias as Jokey Smurf,[13][1] a Smurf that plays pranks on others.
Jeff Dunham as Farmer Smurf,[1] a Smurf who is a farmer.
Kelly Asbury as Nosey Smurf,[1] a Smurf who peeks in on private activities.
Alan Mechem as Passerby Smurf
Patrick Ballin as Patient Smurf, who is seen in a session with the silent Therapist Smurf, and Frank the Caterpillar, who works as a masseuse in Smurfy Grove.
Bret Marnell as Snappy Bug,[1] Brainy's ladybug assistant.
Melissa Sturm as Smurf Jade, a female Smurf.
Frank Welker as Azrael, Gargamel's pet cat.
Dee Bradley Baker as Monty, Gargamel's pet vulture.

tag: ul

text: Additional characters are portrayed Eric Bauza, Tara Strong, Scott Menville, and Kari Wahlgren

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On May 10, 2012, just two weeks after they announced production of The Smurfs 2, Columbia Pictures and Sony Pictures Animation were already developing a script for The Smurfs 3 with scribes Karey Kirkpatrick and Chris Poche.[14] Hank Azaria, who played Gargamel in the first two films, revealed that the third film "might actually deal with the genuine origin of how all these characters ran into each other way back when."[15] It was later confirmed that plans for a second sequel had been folded, with a completely computer-animated reboot being produced instead.[16]

text: Kelly Asbury was confirmed to have been hired to direct the film in March 2014.[16] The plotline was also revealed with the film exploring the origins of the Smurfs, and also the news that the film would feature a new take on the characters, with designs and environments more closely following the artwork created by Peyo, the creator of the Smurfs franchise.[16]

text: Jordan Kerner was hired as producer, with Mary Ellen Bauder co-producing; Asbury was already confirmed as the film's director.[10] On June 14, 2015, Sony Pictures Animation confirmed the original title of Get Smurfy, along with a first look at the film.[9][17] On February 12, 2016, it was confirmed that the film had been retitled to Smurfs: The Lost Village.[18]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On January 16, 2015, Mandy Patinkin was added to the cast of the animated adventure film to voice Papa Smurf, who was previously voiced by Jonathan Winters in the live-action/CGI films.[10] On June 14, 2015, Demi Lovato was revealed as the voice of Smurfette, and Rainn Wilson as Gargamel.[9] Since the release of The Smurfs 2 in 2013, two of the Smurfs voice actors from the previous franchise had died, Jonathan Winters[19] who voiced Papa Smurf, and Anton Yelchin, who voiced Clumsy Smurf.[20]

text: Music[edit]

text: In October 2016, it was confirmed that Christopher Lennertz would be composing the score for the film.[2] In December 2016, it was reported that singer Meghan Trainor had recorded a song for the film titled "I'm a Lady", which was released as a single.[21]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was initially set for release on August 14, 2015,[22] but on May 1, 2014, the reboot film's release date was pushed back to August 5, 2016.[23] In March 2015, the release date was again pushed back to March 31, 2017.[24] In March 2016, the release date was pushed back to April 7, 2017.[25]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village was released on Blu-ray and DVD on July 11, 2017 by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.[26] The film debuted in second place on the Top 20 NPD VideoScan First Alert chart, behind The Fate of the Furious.[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village grossed $45 million in the United States and Canada and $152.2 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $197.2 million, against a production budget of $60 million.[5]

text: In North America, the film opened alongside Going in Style and The Case for Christ and was projected to gross around $16–20 million in the opening weekend from 3,602 theaters.[4][28] It ended up opening to $13.2 million, marking the lowest debut of the Smurfs franchise and finishing 3rd at the box office.[29]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Smurfs: The Lost Village received mixed reviews from critics.[30] On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 38% based on 80 reviews, and an average rating of 4.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Smurfs: The Lost Village may satisfy very young viewers and hardcore Smurfaholics, but its predictable story and bland animation continue the franchise's recent mediocre streak."[31] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the film has a score 40 out of 100, based on 25 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[32] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, an improvement over the "A–" score earned by both previous Smurfs films.[33]

text: Alonzo Duralde of TheWrap gave the film a positive review and wrote: "It's significant that two female writers have taken a character who's mainly just existed to be cute and seductive and turned her into a full-fledged member of this universe."[34] Owen Glieberman of Variety said "It's a pure digital fantasy, with elegant and tactile animation, so it's more true to the Smurf spirit, and should perform solidly."[6]

text: Frank Scheck of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a mixed review, saying "Smurfs: The Lost Village is a mediocre effort that nonetheless succeeds in its main goal of keeping its blue characters alive for future merchandising purposes."[35]


document_title: The White Princess (miniseries)

question_text: who plays the kings mother in the white princess

text: The White Princess (miniseries)

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Jodie Comer as Elizabeth "Lizzie" of York, the Queen of England
Rebecca Benson as Margaret "Maggie" Plantagenet, the Queen's paternal cousin, sister of Teddy
Jacob Collins-Levy as Henry VII, the King of England, Elizabeth's husband
Kenneth Cranham as Bishop (later Cardinal) John Morton, a confidant of the King's mother
Essie Davis as Dowager Queen Elizabeth Woodville, the Queen's mother
Rossy de Palma as Isabella I of Castile, the Queen of Castile
Richard Dillane as Thomas Stanley, Margaret Beaufort's husband
Anthony Flanagan as Francis Lovell, a Yorkist supporter
Patrick Gibson as Perkin Warbeck, a pretender to the English crown and husband of Cathy Gordon
Caroline Goodall as Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, the Queen's paternal grandmother. Goodall is the only actor appearing in both The White Queen and The White Princess.
Amy Manson as Catherine "Cathy" Gordon, wife of Perkin Warbeck
Adrian Rawlins as John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, husband of Eliza de la Pole
Vincent Regan as Jasper Tudor, the King's uncle
Suki Waterhouse as Cecily of York, the Queen's sister
Joanne Whalley as Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy, the Queen's paternal aunt
Andrew Whipp as Sir Richard Pole, husband of Maggie Plantagenet
Michelle Fairley as Margaret Beaufort, the King's mother

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Nicholas Audsley as Lord Strange
Rhys Connah (child) and Albert de Jongh (teen) as Edward "Teddy" Plantagenet, Earl of Warwick, the Queen's cousin, brother of Maggie
Heidi Ely as Princess Bridget, the Queen's sister
Oliver Hembrough as John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, the Duke of Suffolk's son
Rosie Knightley as Princess Anne, the Queen's sister
Ava Masters as Princess Catherine, the Queen's sister
Rollo Skinner as Ned, a stable boy
Susie Trayling as Elizabeth "Eliza" de la Pole, Duchess of Suffolk, the Queen's paternal aunt
Guy Williams as William Stanley, Lord Thomas's brother
Iain Batchelor as Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
Dorian Grover as Philip
Zazie Hayhurst as Rettie
Billy Barratt as Prince Arthur, the King's first son
Woody Norman as Prince Harry, the King's second son
Philip Arditti as Rodrigo de Puebla, the Spanish ambassador

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Ned Elliott as Prince Richard, the Queen's brother
Luc Webb as Prince Edward, the Queen's brother
Derek Frood as the Mayor of York
Kitty Smith as Ruth
Emmanuelle Bouaziz as Mary of Burgundy
Max True as Lambert Simnel
Nia Roberts as Catherine "Kate" Woodville, Duchess of Buckingham
Norman Arthur Eshley as the Abbot
Marc Danbury as the Priest
Juan Echenique as Ferdinand II of Aragon, the King of Aragon
Nicholas Gecks as the Wimborne Priest
Alex Sawyer as Kofi, Novice Monk
Mark Edel-Hunt as Thomas Wolsey
Alasdair McLaughlin as Noah Luff

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
Title [1]
Directed by [2]
Written by [2]
Original air date [3]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"In Bed With The Enemy"
Jamie Payne
Emma Frost
April 16, 2017 (2017-04-16)
0.633[4]

Arriving triumphantly in London after defeating Richard III in the Battle of Bosworth, the new king Henry Tudor is compelled to wed Elizabeth of York—whom he despises due to her purported affair with Richard—to join the warring houses of Lancaster and York. Lizzie hates Henry as well, even more so when he insists on getting her pregnant before committing himself to marry her. Recognizing the influence over Henry that her new pregnancy gives her, Lizzie decides to play the part of dutiful wife as she and her mother, the former Queen consort Elizabeth, plot against the Tudors.

2
"Hearts and Minds"
Jamie Payne
Emma Frost
April 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)
0.712[5]

Henry embarks on a tour of the kingdom to assert his sovereignty. Planning to accompany him to secretly rally York supporters, Lizzie's mother Elizabeth is instead neutralized by Henry's own mother Margaret and locked up in Westminster Palace. Henry survives an assassination attempt by Yorkist Francis Lovell but suspects Lizzie's involvement; she recognizes it as her mother's handiwork, and denounces any intentions to actually kill Henry. In his absence, Lizzie wins favor with the common people by seizing funds from the Royal Treasury to aid those threatened by the sweating sickness. Though she is unable to convince Henry to free her young cousin Teddy Plantagenet from the Tower of London, Lizzie reinforces Henry's growing attachment to her.

3
"Burgundy"
Jamie Payne
Emma Frost
April 30, 2017 (2017-04-30)
0.784[6]

Lizzie gives birth to Prince Arthur, and finds common ground with Henry. Jasper Tudor visits Margaret of Burgundy seeking an alliance but peace negotiations are suddenly aborted by an incident at the Burgundy court. In the meantime, Lizzie's mother Elizabeth is exiled to Bermondsey Abbey.

4
"The Pretender"
Alex Kalymnios
Sarah Dollard & Emma Frost
May 7, 2017 (2017-05-07)
0.845[7]

As plans are made to safely marry the York princesses to Tudor loyalists, Margaret of Burgundy raises an army behind a peasant boy she has declared is Teddy Plantagenet. Lizzie convinces Henry to release the real Teddy from the Tower and make a public display that he is happily ensconced with the Tudors. Margaret, the King's Mother, arranges a disturbance that sends Teddy back to the Tower as a threat to Henry's rule. Henry defeats the pretender's forces and shows mercy to the boy. Though Margaret declares the Dowager Queen Elizabeth complicit in the conspiracy, Henry declines executing his wife's mother.

5
"Traitors"
Alex Kalymnios
Loren McLaughlan & Amy Roberts
May 14, 2017 (2017-05-14)
0.951[8]

Margaret of Burgundy is rallying European support around a boy she recognizes as the true heir to the English throne, Lizzie's brother Richard Plantagenet, the Duke of York. Henry sends Margaret, now Lady Pole, to prove that the boy is an impostor. Henry and Lizzie name their own son Henry as the Duke of York, but Lizzie's mother, the Dowager Queen, interrupts the ceremony with a pronouncement that her son, the rightful King of England, is alive in Burgundy. Though partially convinced of Richard's authenticity, Margaret declares him an impostor when questioned by Henry. Jasper learns that Margaret, the King's Mother, ordered the murders of the Princes in the Tower and is outraged; to preserve her secret, Margaret smothers a sick Jasper to death while he is in bed.

6
"English Blood on English Soil"
Alex Kalymnios
Emma Frost & Alice Nutter
May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21)
0.792[9]

William Stanley is executed for his support to the pretender Perkin Warbeck, who—through a marriage with the Scottish noblewoman Catherine Gordon—is gaining the support of most European kingdoms except Spain. Lizzie and Henry travel to Spain to seek for an alliance, but Queen Isabella of Castile refuses to help the king until his traitors are dealt with. After the death of the Dowager Queen Elizabeth, Lizzie insipires Henry's men to fight against the pretender, who ultimately finds sanctuary in a monastery. Warbeck is later retrieved by the King's Mother, who drags him to London pending Henry's reckoning.

7
"Two Kings"
Jamie Payne
Emma Frost
May 28, 2017 (2017-05-28)
0.722[10]

Though Warbeck, his wife, and their son are Henry's prisoners, he refuses to denounce his claim to the throne. Margaret becomes an unlikely spy for her aunt, Margaret of Burgundy. Lizzie is convinced that Warbeck is her brother, but knows that his existence threatens her husband and sons. She starts a fire to allow him to escape, but he refuses.

8
"Old Curses"
Jamie Payne
Sarah Phelps
June 4, 2017 (2017-06-04)
0.868[11]

Lizzie finally admits to Henry that she and her mother cursed her brothers' murderers; if Henry kills Warbeck—who she believes is Richard—he will visit the curse on their sons. Lizzie offers up an imposter to be executed in Warbeck's place, but Margaret of Burgundy is not fooled. Henry nearly strangles his mother as he realizes that she murdered the Princes in the Tower, cursing his bloodline. With the ruse discovered, Lizzie realizes that the only way to secure the alliance with Spain and assure her sons' futures is to allow her brother and Teddy to be executed. The King's Mother remarks to a furious Lizzie how alike they are.

text: Development[edit]

text: The 10-part 2013 television series The White Queen adapted Gregory's previous novels The White Queen (2009), The Red Queen (2010) and The Kingmaker's Daughter (2012).[12] The series was broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom and on Starz in the United States, and features Freya Mavor as a young Elizabeth of York.[12] Despite initial plans for a second series, on 20 August 2013 the BBC announced they were not commissioning one, possibly due to the lukewarm reception the series received.[13]

text: However, in October 2013, The Telegraph reported that Starz was planning to develop a sequel miniseries called The White Princess, based on Gregory's novel.[14] Starz CEO Chris Albrecht announced in January 2014 that the network was working with White Queen screenwriter Emma Frost on the project.[15] Starz would produce the White Princess miniseries without involvement from the BBC.[15] Gregory confirmed that the project was underway in August 2015.[16] On 7 February 2016, Gregory announced on Facebook that the sequel was officially confirmed to be in production, with the scripts being written.[17] The series was confirmed to be eight episodes in May 2016.[18][19]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Jodie Comer was cast in the title role of Elizabeth of York in April 2016,[20] with Michelle Fairley added as Margaret Beaufort in May.[18] In June 2016, Starz announced the casting of Essie Davis as Dowager Queen Elizabeth, Jacob Collins-Levy as Henry VII, Suki Waterhouse as Cecily of York, Rebecca Benson as Margaret Plantagenet, and Joanne Whalley as Margaret, Duchess of Burgundy.[21] The remaining cast includes Caroline Goodall as Duchess Cecily, Kenneth Cranham as Bishop Morton, Vincent Regan as Jasper Tudor. and Rhys Connah as Teddy Plantagenet.[22]

text: Production[edit]

text: Production on The White Princess began in June 2016,[21][22] with locations including Bradford on Avon,[23] Bristol,[24] Berkeley Castle, Gloucester Cathedral,[25] Lacock,[26] Salisbury Cathedral,[27] and Wells.[28]

text: Jamie Payne, who directed three episodes of The White Queen, directed episodes 1, 2, 3, 7, and 8. Frost is showrunner and executive producer. Lachlan MacKinnon is serving as producer, with Gregory as executive producer. Playground's Colin Callender and Scott Huff are serving as executive producers with Company Pictures' Michele Buck.[24] In early January 2017, the producers released a video clip from the series as a teaser trailer.[29]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: In February 2017, Starz announced that The White Princess would premiere on April 16, 2017.[30]


document_title: Daily Express

question_text: who owns the daily mail and daily express

text: Daily Express

text: History[edit]

text: The Daily Express was founded in 1900 by Sir Arthur Pearson, with the first issue appearing on 24 April 1900.[6] Pearson, who had lost his sight to glaucoma in 1913,[7] sold the title to the future Lord Beaverbrook in 1916.[8] It was one of the first papers to place news instead of advertisements on its front page[8] along with carrying gossip, sports, and women's features. It was also the first newspaper in Britain to have a crossword puzzle.

text: The Express began printing copies in Manchester in 1927 and in 1931, the publication moved to 120 Fleet Street, a specially commissioned art deco building. Under Beaverbrook, the newspaper achieved a phenomenally high circulation, setting records for newspaper sales several times throughout the 1930s.[9] Its success was partly due to its aggressive marketing campaign and a vigorous circulation war with other populist newspapers.[10] Arthur Christiansen became editor in October 1933. Under his editorial direction sales climbed from two million in 1936 to four million in 1949. He retired in 1957.[11] The paper also featured Alfred Bestall's Rupert Bear cartoon[12] and satirical cartoons by Carl Giles which it began publishing in the 1940s.[13] On 24 March 1933, a front-page headline titled "Judea Declares War on Germany" (because of the Anti-Nazi boycott of 1933) was published by the Daily Express.[14] During the late thirties, the paper was a strong advocate of the appeasement policies of the Chamberlain government, due to the direct influence of its owner Lord Beaverbrook.[15] The ruralist author Henry Williamson wrote for the paper on many occasions for half a century, practically the whole of his career.[16] He also wrote for the Sunday Express at the beginning of his career.[17]

text: In 1938, the publication moved to the Daily Express Building, Manchester (sometimes nicknamed the 'Black Lubyianka') designed by Owen Williams on the same site in Great Ancoats Street.[18] It opened a similar building in Glasgow in 1936 in Albion Street. Glasgow printing ended in 1974[19] and Manchester in 1989 on the company's own presses.[20] Johnston Press has a five-year deal, begun in March 2015, to print the northern editions of the Daily Express, Daily Star, Sunday Express and the Daily Star Sunday at its Dinnington site in Sheffield.[21] The Scottish edition is printed by facsimile in Glasgow by contract printers, the London editions at Westferry Printers.[22]

text: In March 1962, Beaverbrook was attacked in the House of Commons for running "a sustained vendetta" against the British Royal Family in the Express titles.[23] In the same month, the Duke of Edinburgh described the Express as "a bloody awful newspaper. It is full of lies, scandal and imagination. It is a vicious paper."[24] At the height of Beaverbrook's time in control in 1948, he told a Royal Commission on the press that he ran his papers "purely for the purpose of making propaganda".[25][26] The arrival of television, and the public's changing interests, took their toll on circulation, and following Beaverbrook's death in 1964, the paper's circulation declined for several years. During this period, the Express, practically alone among mainstream newspapers, was vehemently opposed to entry into what became the European Economic Community.[9]

text:
"[I run the paper] purely for the purpose of making propaganda and with no other motive".

Lord Beaverbrook, former owner (1948).[25]

tag: div

text: Partially as a result of the rejuvenation of the Daily Mail under the editorship of David English and the emergence of The Sun under the ownership of Rupert Murdoch and editorship of Larry Lamb, average daily sales of the Express dropped below four million in 1967, below three million in 1975, and below two million in 1984.[27] The Daily Express switched from broadsheet to tabloid in 1977[28] (the Mail having done so six years earlier), and was bought by the construction company Trafalgar House in the same year.[29] Its publishing company, Beaverbrook Newspapers, was renamed Express Newspapers.[30] In 1982, Trafalgar House spun off its publishing interests into a new company, Fleet Holdings, under the leadership of Lord Matthews, but this succumbed to a hostile takeover by United Newspapers in 1985.[31] Under United's ownership, the Express titles moved from Fleet Street to Blackfriars Road in 1989.[32]

text: Express Newspapers was sold to publisher Richard Desmond in 2000, and the names of the newspapers reverted to Daily Express and Sunday Express.[citation needed] In 2004, the newspaper moved to its present location on Lower Thames Street in the City of London.[9]

text: On 31 October 2005, UK Media Group Entertainment Rights secured majority interest from the Daily Express for Rupert Bear. They paid £6 million for a 66.6% control of the character. The Express Newspaper retains minority interest of one-third plus the right to publish Rupert Bear stories in certain Express publications.[33]

text: Richard Desmond era[edit]

text: In 2000, Express Newspapers was bought by Richard Desmond, publisher of titles such as the celebrity magazine OK!, for £125 million. At the time of the acquisition, controversy surrounded the deal since Desmond also owned a number of softcore pornography magazines.[34]

text: As a result of Desmond's purchase of the paper, many staff including the then editor, Rosie Boycott, and columnist Peter Hitchens departed from the company.[35] Hitchens moved on to The Mail on Sunday, saying that working for the new owner was a moral conflict of interest since he had always attacked the pornographic magazines Desmond published at the time.[36] Despite their divergent politics, Boycott respected Hitchens.[37]

text: In 2007, Express Newspapers left the National Publishers Association due to unpaid fees.[38] Since payments made to the NPA fund the Press Complaints Commission, it is possible that the Express and its sister papers could cease being regulated by the PCC. The chairman of the Press Standards Board of Finance, which manages PCC funds, described Express Newspapers as a "rogue publisher".[39]

text: The Express group lost an unusually large number of high-profile libel cases in 2008–2009; it was forced to pay damages to people involved in the Madeleine McCann case (see below), a member of the Muslim Council of Britain, footballer Marco Materazzi, and sports agent Willie McKay. The string of losses led the media commentator Roy Greenslade to conclude that Express Newspapers (which also publishes the Star titles) paid out more in libel damages over that period than any other newspaper group. Although most of the individual amounts paid were not disclosed, the total damages were recorded at £1,570,000.[40] Greenslade characterised Desmond as a "rogue proprietor".[40]

text: In late 2008, Express Newspapers began a redundancy plan, which involved cutting 80 jobs in an effort to reduce costs by £2.5 million; however, too few staff were willing to take voluntary redundancy.[41] [42] In early 2008, a previous cost-cutting exercise by the group triggered the first 24-hour national press strike in the UK for 18 years.[43] In late August 2009, plans for a further 70 redundancies were announced, affecting journalists across Express Newspapers (including the Daily and Sunday Express, the Daily Star, and the Daily Star Sunday).[44]

text: In August 2009, the Advertising Standards Authority criticised the company for running advertorials as features alongside adverts for the same products. The ASA noted that the pieces were 'always and uniquely favourable to the product featured in the accompanying ads and contained claims that have been or would be likely to be prohibited in advertisements'[45][46][47][48]

text: In January 2010, the Daily Express was censured by the Advertising Standards Authority over a front-page promotion for "free" fireworks. This led to comment that the Express has become "the Ryanair of Fleet Street", in that it is a "frequent offender" which pays little heed to the ASA's criticisms.[49]

text: In May 2010, Desmond announced a commitment of £100 million over the next five years to buy much-needed new equipment for the printing plants, beginning with the immediate purchase of four new presses, amid industry rumours that he was going to establish a new printing plant in the north of London, at Luton.

text: On 31 December 2010, the Daily Express, along with all the media titles in Desmond's Northern & Shell group, were officially excluded from the Press Complaints Commission after withholding payment.[50] Lord Guy Black, chairman of PressBof, the PCC's parent organisation, called this "a deeply regrettable decision".[51]

text: According to Press Gazette, as of December 2016, circulation figures showed gross sales of its long-standing rival the Daily Mail are at 1,491,264 compared with 391,626 for the Daily Express.[1]

text: Along with several other newspapers, the full run of the Daily Express has been digitised and is available at UK Press Online.[52]

text: In September 2017, Daily Mirror publisher Trinity Mirror announced its interest in buying 100% of Express Newspapers from Desmond. The Financial Times called it potentially the biggest change in the British newspaper industry for a decade.[53]

text: Sunday Express[edit]

text: The Sunday Express was launched in 1918.[54] It is edited by Martin Townsend. Its circulation in December 2016 was 335,271.[1]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: John Bodkin Adams[edit]

text: Suspected serial killer Dr John Bodkin Adams was arrested in 1956 suspected of murdering up to 400 of his wealthy patients in Eastbourne, England.[55] The press, egged on by police leaks, unanimously declared Adams guilty, except for Percy Hoskins, chief crime reporter for the Express.[56] Hoskins was adamant that Adams was merely a naive doctor prosecuted by an overzealous detective, Herbert Hannam, whom Hoskins disliked from previous cases.[56] The Express, under Hoskins's direction, was therefore the only major paper to defend Adams, causing Lord Beaverbrook to question Hoskins's stance on the matter frequently.[56] Adams was tried for the murder of Edith Alice Morrell in 1957 and found not guilty (a second count was withdrawn controversially). After the case, a jubilant Beaverbrook phoned Hoskins and said: "Two people were acquitted today", meaning Hoskins as well.[56] The Express then carried an exclusive interview with Adams, who was interviewed by Hoskins for two weeks after the trial in a safe house away from other newspapers. According to archives released in 2003, Adams was thought by police to have killed 163 patients.[55]

text: Dunblane[edit]

text: On 8 March 2009, the Scottish edition of the Sunday Express published a front-page article critical of survivors of the 1996 Dunblane massacre, entitled "Anniversary Shame of Dunblane Survivors". The article criticised the 18-year-old survivors for posting "shocking blogs and photographs of themselves on the internet", revealing that they drank alcohol, made rude gestures and talked about their sex lives.[57] The article provoked several complaints, leading to the printing of a front-page apology a fortnight later,[58] and a subsequent adjudication by the Press Complaints Commission described the article as a "serious error of judgement" and stated, "Although the editor had taken steps to resolve the complaint, and rightly published an apology, the breach of the Code was so serious that no apology could remedy it".

text: Diana, Princess of Wales[edit]

text: The Daily Express has a reputation for consistently printing conspiracy theories about the death of Diana, Princess of Wales as front-page news, earning it the nickname the Daily Ex-Princess;[citation needed] this has been satirised in Private Eye, the newspaper being labelled the Diana Express or the Di'ly Express, and has been attributed to Desmond's close friendship with regular Eye target Mohamed Fayed.[note 1] For a long period in 2006 and 2007, these front-page stories would consistently appear on Mondays; this trend ceased only when the paper focused instead on the Madeleine McCann story (see below). Even on 7 July 2006, the anniversary of the London bombings (used by most other newspapers to publish commemorations) the front page was given over to Diana. This tendency was also mocked on Have I Got News for You when on 6 November 2006, the day other papers reported the death sentence given to Saddam Hussein on their front pages, the Express led with "SPIES COVER UP DIANA 'MURDER'".

text: According to The Independent "The Diana stories appear on Mondays because Sunday is often a quiet day."[59] In February and March 2010 the paper returned to featuring Diana stories on the front page on Mondays.

text: In September 2013, following an allegation raised by the estranged wife of an SAS operative, the Daily Express once again returned to running daily Princess Diana cover stories.[60][61][62][63][64]

text: Madeleine McCann[edit]

text: In the second half of 2007 the Daily Express gave a large amount of coverage to the disappearance of Madeleine McCann. From 3 August 2007, the Express dedicated at least part of the next 100 front pages to Madeleine in a run that lasted until 10 November 2007. 82 of these 100 front-page articles used the headline to feature the details of the disappearance (often stylised by "MADELEINE" in red block capitals, plus a picture of the child).

text: Though the family initially said that some journalists may have "overstepped their mark" they acknowledged the benefits in keeping the case in the public eye,[65] but argued that the coverage needed to be toned down since daily headlines are not necessarily helpful.[66] However, in March 2008, the McCanns launched a libel suit against the Daily Express and its sister newspaper, the Daily Star, as well as their Sunday equivalents, following the newspapers' coverage of the case. The action concerned more than 100 stories across the four newspapers, which accused the McCanns of causing their daughter's death and covering it up.[67] One immediate consequence of the action was that Express Newspapers pulled all references to Madeleine from its websites.[68]

text: In a settlement reached at the High Court of Justice, the newspapers agreed to run a front-page apology to the McCanns on 19 March 2008, publish another apology on the front pages of the Sunday editions of 23 March and make a statement of apology at the High Court. The newspapers also agreed to pay costs and substantial damages, which the McCanns said they would use to fund the search for their daughter.[67] Guardian media commentator Roy Greenslade said it was "unprecedented" for four major newspapers to offer front-page apologies, but also said that it was more than warranted given that the papers had committed "a substantial libel" that shamed the entire British press.[69] Craig Silverman of Regret the Error, a blog that reports media errors, argued that given how many of the stories appeared on the front page, anything less than a front-page apology would have been "unacceptable."[70]

text: In its apology, the Express stated that "a number of articles in the newspaper have suggested that the couple caused the death of their missing daughter Madeleine and then covered it up. We acknowledge that there is no evidence whatsoever to support this theory and that Kate and Gerry are completely innocent of any involvement in their daughter's disappearance."[71] This was followed in October by an apology and payout (forwarded to the fund again) to a group who had become known as the "Tapas Seven" in relation to the case.[72]

text: Accusations of xenophobia[edit]

text: In 2013, the paper launched a 'Crusade' against new European Union rules of migrants from Bulgaria and Romania.[73][74] The frontpage on Thursday 31 October declared 'Britain is full and fed up. Today join your Daily Express Crusade to stop new flood of Romanian and Bulgarian migrants'.[75] The Aberystwyth University Student Union announced a ban on the sale of the paper.[76] However, this ban was overturned in March 2016, following student campaigning in opposition to it.[77] UKIP leader Nigel Farage declared that he had signed the petition, and urged other to do the same.[78] Romanian politician Cătălin Ivan expressed 'outrage' at the campaign.[79] 150,000 people signed the petition.

text: In a statement released by The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) on 24 April 2015, the tabloid's name was mentioned in an accusation of producing hate speech, initially referring to an article in The Sun: "...To give just one glimpse of the scale of the problem, back in 2003 the Daily Express ran 22 negative front pages stories about asylum seekers and refugees in a single 31-day period".[80]

text: Editors[edit]

text: Daily Express[edit]

text:
Arthur Pearson (April 1900 – 1901)
Bertram Fletcher Robinson (July 1900 – May 1904)
Robert Maxwell Stiegler (August 1902 – April 1933)[81]
R. D. Blumenfeld (1909–1929)
Beverley Baxter (1929 – October 1933)
Arthur Christiansen (1933 – August 1957)
Edward Pickering (1957–1961)
Robert Edwards (acting) (November 1961 – February 1962)
Roger Wood (1962 – May 1963)
Robert Edwards (1963 – July 1965)
Derek Marks (1965 – April 1971)
Ian McColl (1971 – October 1974)
Alastair Burnet (1974 – March 1976)
Roy Wright (1976 – August 1977)
Derek Jameson (1977 – June 1980)
Arthur Firth (1980 – October 1981)
Christopher Ward (1981 – April 1983)
Sir Larry Lamb (1983 – April 1986)
Sir Nicholas Lloyd (1986 – November 1995)
Richard Addis (November 1995 – May 1998)
Rosie Boycott (May 1998 – January 2001)
Chris Williams (January 2001 – December 2003)
Peter Hill (December 2003 – February 2011)
Hugh Whittow (February 2011–)

text: Sunday Express[edit]

text: Notable columnists and staff[edit]

text: Current[edit]

text:
Jasmine Birtles
Vanessa Feltz
Frederick Forsyth
Adam Helliker
Lucy Johnston
Leo McKinstry
Ross Clark
Richard and Judy
Ann Widdecombe

text: Past[edit]

text:
H.V. Morton, journalist and travel writer
J.B. Morton, better known as Beachcomber
Sefton Delmer
G. E. R. Gedye
William Hickey
Peter Hitchens
Andrew Marr
Jenni Murray
Charles Gordon McClure (1885–1933), also known as Dyke White, cartoonist
Michael Watts ('Inspector Watts')

text: Political allegiance[edit]

text: With the exception of the 2001 general election, when it backed the Labour Party,[82] the newspaper has declared its support for the Conservative Party at every general election since World War II, until 2015 where they began supporting the UK Independence Party.[5][83] However, in the 2017 UK general election the Daily Express reverted to supporting the Conservative Party.[84]

text: 'Crusade for Freedom'[edit]

text: This was the newspaper's own campaign to give the people of the United Kingdom the opportunity to add their names to a petition addressed to the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom in favour of Britain's withdrawal from the European Union. Each edition of 8 January 2011 issue had four cut-out vouchers where readers could sign the pledge and send them to the paper's HQ where the petition was being compiled, there were also further editions with the same voucher included.[85] The campaign attracted the support of many celebrities including sportsman/TV personality Sir Ian Botham[86] and Chairman of J D Wetherspoon Tim Martin[87] who both gave interviews for 8 January's special edition of the paper. The first week of the campaign saw a response of around 370,000 signatures being received (just over 50% of daily readership or around 0.6% of the UK population).


document_title: Forrest Gump

question_text: where is the house that was used in forrest gump

text: Forrest Gump

text: Plot

text: In 1981, Forrest Gump recounts his life story to strangers who sit next to him on a bench in Savannah, Georgia.

text: On his first day of school in 1950s Greenbow, Alabama, Forrest meets a girl named Jenny Curran who, unlike the other children, immediately befriends young Forrest. Due to leg braces fitted to correct a curved spine, Forrest is unable to walk properly. One day, a young truck driver stays at the boarding house that Forrest lives in with his mother. The young truck driver turns out to be Elvis Presley who, while playing guitar for him, becomes enthralled at the jerky hip thrusting movements the hobbled Forrest makes while trying to dance. Later on, Elvis becomes famous by imitating the dance.

text: Forrest is often bullied because of his physical disability and marginal intelligence. One day, while trying to escape some bullies chasing him, his braces fall off revealing the young Forrest to be a very fast runner. Despite his low intelligence quotient, Forrest's new running ability leads to him receiving a football scholarship to the University of Alabama in the early 1960s, becoming a top running back, and joining the All-American team. After his college graduation, he enlists in the US Army, where he befriends a fellow soldier named Bubba, who convinces Forrest to go into the shrimping business with him when the war is over. In 1967, they are sent to Vietnam and, during an ambush, Bubba is killed in action. Forrest saves many of his platoon, including his Lieutenant, Dan Taylor, who loses both his legs. Forrest is awarded the Medal of Honor for his heroism.

text: While Forrest is in recovery for a gunshot wound to his buttocks received while saving his platoon-mates, he discovers a talent for ping pong. He becomes a ping pong celebrity and plays competitively against Chinese teams in ping pong diplomacy. At an anti-war rally in Washington, D.C., Forrest briefly reunites with Jenny, who has been living a hippie lifestyle. While in D.C. in 1972, Forrest meets president Richard Nixon, stays in the Watergate hotel, and accidentally reveals the Watergate Scandal, forcing Nixon to resign.

text: Returning home, Forrest endorses a company that makes ping pong paddles. He uses the earnings to buy a shrimping boat, fulfilling his promise to Bubba. Dan joins Forrest in 1974, and although they initially have little success, after their boat becomes the only one to survive Hurricane Carmen, they pull in huge amounts of shrimp. They use their income to purchase a fleet of shrimp boats. Dan invests the money in Apple Computer (which Forrest naively thinks is a fruit company) and Forrest is financially secure for the rest of his life, but gives half of his earnings to Bubba's family. He then returns home to see his mother's last days.

text: In the late 1970s, Jenny returns to visit Forrest and he soon proposes to her. She declines, but slips into his bedroom and makes love to him that night before leaving early the next morning. Heartbroken, Forrest elects to go for a run. He decides to keep running across the country several times, over three and a half years, becoming famous in the process.

text: In the present, Forrest reveals that he is waiting at the bus stop because he received a letter from Jenny who, having seen him run on television, asked him to visit her. Reunited with Jenny, she introduces him to his son, named Forrest Gump, Jr. Jenny tells Forrest she is sick with an unknown virus, presumably AIDS. The three move back to Greenbow, Alabama. Jenny and Forrest finally marry but she dies a year later. Forrest and his son await the school bus on Forrest Jr's first day of school.

text: Cast

text:
Tom Hanks as Forrest Gump: Though at an early age he is deemed to have a below average IQ of 75, he has an endearing character and shows devotion to his loved ones and duties, character traits which bring him into many life-changing situations. Along the way, he encounters many historical figures and events throughout his life. Tom's younger brother Jim Hanks is his acting double in the movie for the scenes when Forrest runs across America. Tom's daughter Elizabeth Hanks appears in the movie as the girl on the school bus who refuses to let young Forrest (Michael Conner Humphreys) sit next to her. John Travolta was the original choice to play the title role, and admits passing on the role was a mistake.[4][5][6] Bill Murray and Chevy Chase were also considered for the role.[7] Sean Penn stated in an interview having been second choice for the role. Hanks revealed that he signed onto the film after an hour and a half of reading the script.[8] He initially wanted to ease Forrest's pronounced Southern accent, but was eventually persuaded by director Robert Zemeckis to portray the heavy accent stressed in the novel.[8] Hanks agreed to take the role only on the condition that the film was historically accurate.

Michael Conner Humphreys portrayed the young Forrest Gump. Hanks revealed in interviews that after hearing Michael's unique accented drawl, he incorporated it into the older character's accent. Winston Groom, who wrote the original novel, describes the film as having taken the "rough edges" off of the character, and envisioned him being played by John Goodman.[9]

Robin Wright as Jenny Curran: Forrest's childhood friend with whom he immediately falls in love, and never stops loving throughout his life. A victim of child sexual abuse at the hands of her bitterly widowed father, Jenny embarks on a different path from Forrest, leading a self-destructive life and becoming part of the hippie movement in the 1960s and the 1970s/1980s drug culture. She re-enters Forrest's life at various times in adulthood. Jenny eventually becomes a waitress in Savannah, Georgia, where she lives in an apartment with her (and Forrest's) son, Forrest Jr. They eventually get married, but soon afterwards she dies of an unnamed illness, but given the time period, the movie's propensity for showing the major aspects of American culture, and the character's depicted actions during the 60s and 70s, it can be speculated that she died of AIDS or Hepatitis C.

Hanna R. Hall portrayed the young Jenny.

Gary Sinise as Lieutenant Dan Taylor: Forrest and Bubba Blue's platoon leader during the Vietnam War, whose ancestors have died in every American war and who regards it as his destiny to do the same. After losing his legs in an ambush and being rescued against his will by Forrest, he is initially bitter and antagonistic towards Forrest for leaving him a "cripple" and denying him his family's destiny, falling into a deep depression. He later serves as Forrest's first mate at the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, gives most of the orders, becoming wealthy with Forrest, and regains his will to live. He ultimately forgives and thanks Forrest for saving his life. By the end of the film, he is engaged to be married to a Vietnamese woman and is sporting "magic legs" – titanium alloy prosthetics which allow him to walk again.
Mykelti Williamson as Benjamin Buford "Bubba" Blue: Bubba was originally supposed to be the senior partner in the Bubba Gump Shrimp Company, but due to his death in Vietnam, their platoon leader, Dan Taylor, took his place. The company posthumously carried his name. Forrest later gave Bubba's mother Bubba's share of the business. Throughout filming, Williamson wore a lip attachment to create Bubba's protruding lip.[10] David Alan Grier, Ice Cube and Dave Chappelle were all offered the role but turned it down.[7][11] Chappelle said he believed the film would be unsuccessful, and also acknowledged that he regrets not taking the role.[7]
Sally Field as Mrs. Gump: Field reflected on the character, "She's a woman who loves her son unconditionally. … A lot of her dialogue sounds like slogans, and that's just what she intends."[12]
Haley Joel Osment as Forrest Gump, Jr.: Osment was cast in the film after the casting director noticed him in a Pizza Hut commercial.[13]
Peter Dobson as Elvis: Although Kurt Russell was uncredited, he provided the voice for Elvis in the scene.[14]
Dick Cavett as himself: Cavett played a version of himself in the 1970s, with makeup applied to make him appear younger. Consequently, Cavett is the only well-known figure in the film to play a cameo role rather than be represented through the use of archival footage like John Lennon or President John F. Kennedy[15]
Sonny Shroyer as Coach Paul "Bear" Bryant
Grand L. Bush, Michael Jace, Conor Kennelly, and Teddy Lane Jr. as the Black Panthers

text: Production

text: Script

text:
"The writer, Eric Roth, departed substantially from the book. We flipped the two elements of the book, making the love story primary and the fantastic adventures secondary. Also, the book was cynical and colder than the movie. In the movie, Gump is a completely decent character, always true to his word. He has no agenda and no opinion about anything except Jenny, his mother and God."

—director Robert Zemeckis[16]

text: The film is based on the 1986 novel by Winston Groom. Both center on the character of Forrest Gump. However, the film primarily focuses on the first eleven chapters of the novel, before skipping ahead to the end of the novel with the founding of Bubba Gump Shrimp Co. and the meeting with Forrest, Jr. In addition to skipping some parts of the novel, the film adds several aspects to Gump's life that do not occur in the novel, such as his needing leg braces as a child and his run across the United States.[17]

text: Gump's core character and personality are also changed from the novel; among other things his film character is less of an autistic savant—in the novel, while playing football at the university, he fails craft and gym, but receives a perfect score in an advanced physics class he is enrolled in by his coach to satisfy his college requirements.[17] The novel also features Gump as an astronaut, a professional wrestler, and a chess player.[17]

text: Two directors were offered the opportunity to direct the film before Robert Zemeckis was selected. Terry Gilliam turned down the offer.[18] Barry Sonnenfeld was attached to the film, but left to direct Addams Family Values.[19]

text: Filming

text: Filming began in August 1993 and ended in December of that year.[20] Although most of the film is set in Alabama, filming took place mainly in and around Beaufort, South Carolina, as well as parts of coastal Virginia and North Carolina,[8] including a running shot on the Blue Ridge Parkway.[21] Downtown portions of the fictional town of Greenbow were filmed in Varnville, South Carolina.[22] The scene of Forrest running through Vietnam while under fire was filmed on Fripp Island, South Carolina.[23] Additional filming took place on the Biltmore Estate in Asheville, North Carolina, and along the Blue Ridge Parkway near Boone, North Carolina. The most notable place was Grandfather Mountain where a part of the road is named "Forrest Gump Curve".[24] The Gump family home set was built along the Combahee River near Yemassee, South Carolina, and the nearby land was used to film Curran's home as well as some of the Vietnam scenes.[25] Over 20 palmetto trees were planted to improve the Vietnam scenes.[25] Forrest Gump narrated his life's story at the southern edge of Chippewa Square in Savannah, Georgia, as he sat at a bus stop bench. There were other scenes filmed in and around the Savannah area as well, including a running shot on the Richard V. Woods Memorial Bridge in Beaufort while he was being interviewed by the press, and on West Bay Street in Savannah.[25] Most of the college campus scenes were filmed in Los Angeles at the University of Southern California. The lighthouse that Forrest runs across to reach the Atlantic Ocean the first time is the Marshall Point Lighthouse in Port Clyde, Maine. Additional scenes were filmed in Arizona, Utah's Monument Valley, and Montana's Glacier National Park.[citation needed]

text: Visual effects

text: Ken Ralston and his team at Industrial Light & Magic were responsible for the film's visual effects. Using CGI techniques, it was possible to depict Gump meeting deceased personages and shaking their hands. Hanks was first shot against a blue screen along with reference markers so that he could line up with the archive footage.[26] To record the voices of the historical figures, voice actors were filmed and special effects were used to alter lip-syncing for the new dialogue.[16] Archival footage was used and with the help of such techniques as chroma key, image warping, morphing, and rotoscoping, Hanks was integrated into it.

text: In one Vietnam War scene, Gump carries Bubba away from an incoming napalm attack. To create the effect, stunt actors were initially used for compositing purposes. Then, Hanks and Williamson were filmed, with Williamson supported by a cable wire as Hanks ran with him. The explosion was then filmed, and the actors were digitally added to appear just in front of the explosions. The jet fighters and napalm canisters were also added by CGI.[27]

text: The CGI removal of actor Gary Sinise's legs, after his character had them amputated, was achieved by wrapping his legs with a blue fabric, which later facilitated the work of the "roto-paint" team to paint out his legs from every single frame. At one point, while hoisting himself into his wheelchair, his legs are used for support.[28]

text: The scene where Forrest spots Jenny at a peace rally at the Lincoln Memorial and Reflecting Pool in Washington, D.C., required visual effects to create the large crowd of people. Over two days of filming, approximately 1,500 extras were used.[29] At each successive take, the extras were rearranged and moved into a different quadrant away from the camera. With the help of computers, the extras were multiplied to create a crowd of several hundred thousand people.[8][29]

text: Release

text: Critical reception

text: The film received generally positive reviews. The review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 72% of critics gave the film a positive review, with an average rating of 7.2/10, based on a sample of 85 reviews. Its consensus states "Forrest Gump may be an overly sentimental film with a somewhat problematic message, but its sweetness and charm are usually enough to approximate true depth and grace."[30] At the website Metacritic, the film earned a rating of 82/100 based on 19 reviews by mainstream critics.[31] CinemaScore reported that audiences gave the film a rare "A+" grade.[32]

text: The story was commended by several critics. Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times wrote, "I've never met anyone like Forrest Gump in a movie before, and for that matter I've never seen a movie quite like 'Forrest Gump.' Any attempt to describe him will risk making the movie seem more conventional than it is, but let me try. It's a comedy, I guess. Or maybe a drama. Or a dream. The screenplay by Eric Roth has the complexity of modern fiction...The performance is a breathtaking balancing act between comedy and sadness, in a story rich in big laughs and quiet truths...What a magical movie."[33] Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote that the film "has been very well worked out on all levels, and manages the difficult feat of being an intimate, even delicate tale played with an appealingly light touch against an epic backdrop."[34] The film did receive notable pans from several major reviewers. Anthony Lane of The New Yorker called the film "Warm, wise, and wearisome as hell."[35] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly said that the film "reduces the tumult of the last few decades to a virtual-reality theme park: a baby-boomer version of Disney's America."[36]

text: Critics have compared Gump with various characters and people including Huckleberry Finn, Bill Clinton, and Ronald Reagan.[37][38][39] Peter Chomo writes that Gump acts as a "social mediator and as an agent of redemption in divided times".[40] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called Gump "everything we admire in the American character – honest, brave, and loyal with a heart of gold."[41] The New York Times reviewer Janet Maslin called Gump a "hollow man" who is "self-congratulatory in his blissful ignorance, warmly embraced as the embodiment of absolutely nothing."[42] Marc Vincenti of Palo Alto Weekly called the character "a pitiful stooge taking the pie of life in the face, thoughtfully licking his fingers."[43] Bruce Kawin and Gerald Mast's textbook on film history notes that Forrest Gump's dimness was a metaphor for glamorized nostalgia in that he represented a blank slate by which the Baby Boomer generation projected their memories of those events.[44]

text: The film is commonly seen as a polarizing one for audiences, with Entertainment Weekly writing in 2004, "Nearly a decade after it earned gazillions and swept the Oscars, Robert Zemeckis's ode to 20th-century America still represents one of cinema's most clearly drawn lines in the sand. One half of folks see it as an artificial piece of pop melodrama, while everyone else raves that it's sweet as a box of chocolates."[45]

text: Box office performance

text: Produced on a budget of $55 million, Forrest Gump opened in 1,595 theaters in its first weekend of domestic release, earning $24,450,602.[1] Motion picture business consultant and screenwriter Jeffrey Hilton suggested to producer Wendy Finerman to double the P&A (film marketing budget) based on his viewing of an early print of the film. The budget was immediately increased, per his advice. The film placed first in the weekend's box office, narrowly beating The Lion King, which was in its fourth week of release.[1] For the first ten weeks of its release, the film held the number one position at the box office.[46] The film remained in theaters for 42 weeks, earning $329.7 million in the United States and Canada, making it the fourth-highest-grossing film at that time (behind only E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial, Star Wars IV: A New Hope, and Jurassic Park).[46][47] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 78.5 million tickets in the US in its initial theatrical run.[48]

text: The film took 66 days to surpass $250 million and was the fastest grossing Paramount film to pass $100 million, $200 million, and $300 million in box office receipts (at the time of its release).[49][50][51] The film had gross receipts of $329,694,499 in the U.S. and Canada and $347,693,217 in international markets for a total of $677,387,716 worldwide.[1] Even with such revenue, the film was known as a "successful failure"—due to distributors' and exhibitors' high fees, Paramount's "losses" clocked in at $62 million, leaving executives realizing the necessity of better deals.[52] This has, however, also been associated with Hollywood accounting, where expenses are inflated in order to minimize profit sharing. It is Robert Zemeckis' highest-grossing film to date.

text: Home media

text: Forrest Gump was first released on VHS tape on April 27, 1995, as a two-disc Laserdisc set on April 28, 1995, (including the "Through the Eyes of Forrest" special feature), before being released in a two-disc DVD set on August 28, 2001. Special features included director and producer commentaries, production featurettes, and screen tests.[53] The film was released on Blu-ray disc in November 2009.[54]

text: Accolades

text: Forrest Gump won Best Picture, Best Actor in a Leading Role, Best Director, Best Visual Effects, Best Adapted Screenplay, and Best Film Editing at the 67th Academy Awards. The film was nominated for seven Golden Globe Awards, winning three of them: Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama, Best Director – Motion Picture, and Best Motion Picture – Drama. The film was also nominated for six Saturn Awards and won two for Best Fantasy Film and Best Supporting Actor (Film).

text: In addition to the film's multiple awards and nominations, it has also been recognized by the American Film Institute on several of its lists. The film ranks 37th on 100 Years...100 Cheers, 71st on 100 Years...100 Movies, and 76th on 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition). In addition, the quote "Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get," was ranked 40th on 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes.[55] The film also ranked at number 240 on Empire's list of the 500 Greatest Movies of All Time.[56]

text: In December 2011, Forrest Gump was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress' National Film Registry.[57] The Registry said that the film was "honored for its technological innovations (the digital insertion of Gump seamlessly into vintage archival footage), its resonance within the culture that has elevated Gump (and what he represents in terms of American innocence) to the status of folk hero, and its attempt to engage both playfully and seriously with contentious aspects of the era's traumatic history."[58]

text: American Film Institute Lists

text:
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies – #71
AFI's 100 Years...100 Laughs – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Passions – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes and Villains:

Forrest Gump – Nominated Hero

AFI's 100 Years...100 Movie Quotes:

"Mama always said life was like a box of chocolates. You never know what you're gonna get." – #40
"Mama says, 'Stupid is as stupid does.'" – Nominated

AFI's 100 Years of Film Scores – Nominated
AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #37
AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition) – #76
AFI's 10 Top 10 – Nominated Epic Film

text: Author controversy

text: Winston Groom was paid $350,000 for the screenplay rights to his novel Forrest Gump and was contracted for a 3 percent share of the film's net profits.[59] However, Paramount and the film's producers did not pay him, using Hollywood accounting to posit that the blockbuster film lost money. Tom Hanks, by contrast, contracted for a percent share of the film's gross receipts instead of a salary, and he and director Zemeckis each received $40 million.[59][60] Additionally, Groom was not mentioned once in any of the film's six Oscar-winner speeches.[61]

text: Groom's dispute with Paramount was later effectively resolved after Groom declared he was satisfied with Paramount's explanation of their accounting, this coinciding with Groom receiving a seven-figure contract with Paramount for film rights to another of his books, Gump & Co.[62]

text: Symbolism

text: Feather

text:
"I don't want to sound like a bad version of 'the child within'. But the childlike innocence of Forrest Gump is what we all once had. It's an emotional journey. You laugh and cry. It does what movies are supposed to do: make you feel alive."

—producer Wendy Finerman[39]

text: Various interpretations have been suggested for the feather present at the opening and conclusion of the film. Sarah Lyall of The New York Times noted several suggestions made about the feather: "Does the white feather symbolize the unbearable lightness of being? Forrest Gump's impaired intellect? The randomness of experience?"[63] Hanks interpreted the feather as: "Our destiny is only defined by how we deal with the chance elements to our life and that's kind of the embodiment of the feather as it comes in. Here is this thing that can land anywhere and that it lands at your feet. It has theological implications that are really huge."[64] Sally Field compared the feather to fate, saying: "It blows in the wind and just touches down here or there. Was it planned or was it just perchance?"[65] Visual effects supervisor Ken Ralston compared the feather to an abstract painting: "It can mean so many things to so many different people."[66]

text: Political interpretations

text: In Tom Hanks' words, "The film is non-political and thus non-judgmental."[39] Nevertheless, in 1994, CNN's Crossfire debated whether the film promoted conservative values or was an indictment of the counterculture movement of the 1960s. Thomas Byers, in a Modern Fiction Studies article, called the film "an aggressively conservative film".[67]

text:
"...all over the political map, people have been calling Forrest their own. But, Forrest Gump isn't about politics or conservative values. It's about humanity, it's about respect, tolerance and unconditional love."

—producer Steve Tisch[67]

text: It has been noted that while Gump follows a very conservative lifestyle, Jenny's life is full of countercultural embrace, complete with drug usage, promiscuity, and antiwar rallies, and that their eventual marriage might be a kind of reconciliation.[33] Jennifer Hyland Wang argued in a Cinema Journal article that Jenny's death to an unnamed virus "...symbolizes the death of liberal America and the death of the protests that defined a decade [1960s]." She also notes the film's screenwriter, Eric Roth, when developing the screenplay from the novel, had "...transferred all of Gump's flaws and most of the excesses committed by Americans in the 1960s and 1970s to her [Jenny]."[40]

text: Other commentators believe the film forecast the 1994 Republican Revolution and used the image of Forrest Gump to promote movement leader Newt Gingrich's traditional, conservative values. Jennifer Hyland Wang observes the film idealizes the 1950s, as made evident by the lack of "whites only" signs in Gump's southern childhood, and "revisions" the 1960s as a period of social conflict and confusion. She argues this sharp contrast between the decades criticizes the counterculture values and reaffirms conservatism.[68] As viewed by political scientist Joe Paskett,[35] this film is "one of the best films of all time".[69] Wang argued the film was used by Republican politicians to illustrate a "traditional version of recent history" to gear voters towards their ideology for the congressional elections.[40] In addition, presidential candidate Bob Dole cited the film's message in influencing his campaign due to its "...message that has made [the film] one of Hollywood's all-time greatest box office hits: no matter how great the adversity, the American Dream is within everybody's reach."[40]

text: In 1995, National Review included Forrest Gump in its list of the "Best 100 Conservative Movies" of all time.[70] Then, in 2009, the magazine ranked the film number four on its 25 Best Conservative Movies of the Last 25 Years list.[71] "Tom Hanks plays the title character, an amiable dunce who is far too smart to embrace the lethal values of the 1960s. The love of his life, wonderfully played by Robin Wright Penn, chooses a different path; she becomes a drug-addled hippie, with disastrous results."[71]

text: James Burton, a communication arts professor at Salisbury University, argued that conservatives claimed Forrest Gump as their own due less to the content of the film and more to the historical and cultural context of 1994. Burton claimed the film's content and advertising campaign were affected by the cultural climate of the 1990s, which emphasized family values and "American values"—values epitomized in the successful book Hollywood vs. America. He claimed this climate influenced the apolitical nature of the film, which allowed for many different political interpretations.[72]

text: Burton points out that many conservative critics and magazines (John Simon, James Bowman, the World Report) initially either criticized the film or praised it only for its non-political elements. Only after the popularity of the film was well-established did conservatives embrace the film as an affirmation of traditional values. Burton implies the liberal-left could have prevented the conservatives from claiming rights to the film, had it chosen to vocalize elements of the film such as its criticism of military values. Instead, the liberal-left focused on what the film omitted, such as the feminist and civil rights movements.[72]

text: Some commentators see the conservative readings of Forrest Gump as indicants of the death of irony in American culture. Vivian Sobchack notes that the film's humor and irony relies on the assumption of the audience's historical (self-) consciousness.[72]

text: Soundtrack

text: The 32-song soundtrack from the film was released on July 6, 1994. With the exception of a lengthy suite from Alan Silvestri's score, all the songs are previously released; the soundtrack includes songs from Elvis Presley, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Aretha Franklin, Lynyrd Skynyrd, Three Dog Night, The Byrds, The Beach Boys, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, The Doors, The Mamas & the Papas, The Doobie Brothers, Simon & Garfunkel, Bob Seger, and Buffalo Springfield among others. Music producer Joel Sill reflected on compiling the soundtrack: "We wanted to have very recognizable material that would pinpoint time periods, yet we didn't want to interfere with what was happening cinematically."[73] The two-disc album has a variety of music from the 1950s–1980s performed by American artists. According to Sills, this was due to Zemeckis' request, "All the material in there is American. Bob (Zemeckis) felt strongly about it. He felt that Forrest wouldn't buy anything but American."[73]

text: The soundtrack reached a peak of number 2 on the Billboard album chart.[73] The soundtrack went on to sell twelve million copies, and is one of the top selling albums in the United States.[74] The score for the film was composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri and released on August 2, 1994.

text: Proposed sequel

text: The screenplay for the sequel was written by Eric Roth in 2001. It is based on the original novel's sequel, Gump and Co. written by Winston Groom in 1995. Roth's script begins with Forrest sitting on a bench waiting for his son to return from school. After the September 11 attacks, Roth, Zemeckis, and Hanks decided the story was no longer "relevant."[75] In March 2007, however, it was reported Paramount producers took another look at the screenplay.[76]

text: On the very first page of the sequel novel, Forrest Gump tells readers "Don't never let nobody make a movie of your life's story," though "Whether they get it right or wrong, it doesn't matter."[77] The first chapter of the book suggests the real-life events surrounding the film have been incorporated into Forrest's storyline, and that Forrest got a lot of media attention as a result of the film.[17] During the course of the sequel novel, Gump runs into Tom Hanks and at the end of the novel in the film's release, including Gump going on The David Letterman Show and attending the Academy Awards.