document_title: List of Chicago Bears first-round draft picks

question_text: who have the chicago bears drafted this year

text: Key[edit]

text:
Table key

^
Indicates the player was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

 *
Selected number one overall

†
Indicates the player was selected for the Pro Bowl at any time in their career.

—
The Bears did not draft a player in the first round that year.

Year
Each year links to an article about that particular NFL Draft.

Pick
Indicates the number of the pick within the first round

Position
Indicates the position of the player in the NFL

College
The player's college football team

text: Player selections[edit]

text:
Chicago Bears first-round draft picks

Year
Pick
Player name
Position
College
Notes

1936
6
Stydahar, JoeJoe Stydahar ^
Offensive tackle
West Virginia

1937
6
McDonald, LesLes McDonald
End
Nebraska

1938
10
Gray, JoeJoe Gray
Halfback
Oregon State

1939
2
Luckman, SidSid Luckman ^
Quarterback
Columbia
[a]

1939
6
Osmanski, BillBill Osmanski
Fullback
Holy Cross

1940
7
Turner, ClydeClyde Turner ^
Center/Linebacker
Hardin-Simmons

1941
1
Harmon, TomTom Harmon*
Halfback
Michigan
[b]

1941
3
Standlee, NormNorm Standlee
Fullback
Stanford
[c]

1941
9
Scott, DonDon Scott
Halfback
Ohio State

1942
10
Albert, FrankieFrankie Albert
Quarterback
Stanford

1943
9
Steuber, BobBob Steuber
Halfback
Missouri/DePauw

1944
9
Evans, RayRay Evans
Halfback
Kansas

1945
11
Lund, DonDon Lund
Halfback
Michigan

1946
4
Lujack, JohnnyJohnny Lujack
Quarterback
Notre Dame

1947
1
Fenimore, BobBob Fenimore*
Halfback
Oklahoma State
[d]

1947
11
Kindt, DickDick Kindt
Halfback
Wisconsin

1948
3
Layne, BobbyBobby Layne ^
Quarterback
Texas
[e]

1948
10[4]
Bumgardner, MaxMax Bumgardner
Defensive end
Texas

1949
11[5]
Harris, DickDick Harris
Center
Texas

1950
3
Hunsinger, ChuckChuck Hunsinger
Halfback
Florida
[f]

1950
10
Morrison, FredFred Morrison
Halfback
Ohio State

1951
2[6]
Williams, BobBob Williams
Quarterback
Notre Dame
[g]

1951
10
Stone, BillyBilly Stone
Halfback
Bradley
[h]

1951
12[7]
Schroeder, GeneGene Schroeder
Defensive end/Defensive back
Virginia

1952
8
Dooley, JimJim Dooley
End/halfback
Miami

1953
6[8]
Anderson, BillyBilly Anderson
Halfback/Defensive back[8]
Compton JC[8]

1954
6
Wallace, StanStan Wallace
Halfback
Illinois

1955
11
Drzewiecki, RonRon Drzewiecki
Halfback
Marquette

1956
10
Schriewer, MenanMenan Schriewer
End
Texas

1957
13
Leggett, EarlEarl Leggett
Defensive tackle
Louisiana State

1958
7
Howley, ChuckChuck Howley
Linebacker/Guard
West Virginia

1959
7
Clark, DonDon Clark
Halfback
Ohio State

1960
7
Davis, RogerRoger Davis
Guard
Syracuse

1961
5
Ditka, MikeMike Ditka ^
Tight end
Pittsburgh

1962
7
Bull, RonnieRonnie Bull
Halfback
Baylor

1963
11
Behrman, DaveDave Behrman
Center
Michigan State
[i]

1964
14
Evey, DickDick Evey
Defensive tackle
Tennessee

1965
3
Butkus, DickDick Butkus ^
Linebacker
Illinois
[j]

1965
4
Sayers, GaleGale Sayers ^
Halfback
Kansas

1965
6
DeLong, SteveSteve DeLong
Defensive end
Tennessee
[k]

1966
12
Rice, GeorgeGeorge Rice
Defensive tackle
Louisiana State

1967
10
Phillips, LoydLoyd Phillips
Defensive end
Arkansas

1968
16
Hull, MikeMike Hull
Halfback
Southern California

1969
14
Mayes, RufusRufus Mayes
Offensive tackle
Ohio State

1970
—
— No pick
—
—
[l]

1971
11
Moore, JoeJoe Moore
Halfback
Missouri

1972
3
Antoine, LionelLionel Antoine
Offensive tackle
Southern Illinois
[m]

1972
12
Clemons, CraigCraig Clemons
Safety/Defensive back
Iowa

1973
8
Chambers, WallyWally Chambers †
Defensive tackle
Eastern Kentucky

1974
4
Bryant, WaymondWaymond Bryant
Linebacker
Tennessee State

1974
20
Gallagher, DaveDave Gallagher
Defensive end
Michigan
[n]

1975
4
Payton, WalterWalter Payton ^
Halfback
Jackson State

1976
8
Lick, DennisDennis Lick
Offensive tackle
Wisconsin
[o]

1977
15
Albrecht, TedTed Albrecht
Offensive tackle
California

1978
—
— No pick
—
—
[p]

1979
4
Hampton, DanDan Hampton ^
Defensive tackle
Arkansas
[q]

1979
9
Harris, AlAl Harris
Defensive end
Arizona State

1980
19
Wilson, OtisOtis Wilson †
Linebacker
Louisville

1981
11
Van Horne, KeithKeith Van Horne
Offensive tackle
Southern California

1982
5
McMahon, JimJim McMahon †
Quarterback
Brigham Young

1983
6
Covert, JimJim Covert †
Offensive tackle
Pittsburgh

1983
18
Gault, WillieWillie Gault
Wide receiver
Tennessee
[r]

1984
11
Marshall, WilberWilber Marshall †
Linebacker
Florida

1985
22
Perry, WilliamWilliam Perry
Defensive tackle
Clemson

1986
27
Anderson, NealNeal Anderson †
Halfback
Florida

1987
26
Harbaugh, JimJim Harbaugh
Quarterback
Michigan

1988
23
Muster, BradBrad Muster
Fullback
Stanford

1988
27
Davis, WendellWendell Davis
Wide receiver
Louisiana State
[s]

1989
11
Woolford, DonnellDonnell Woolford †
Defensive back
Clemson

1989
12
Armstrong, TraceTrace Armstrong
Defensive end
Florida
[s]

1990
6
Carrier, MarkMark Carrier †
Safety
Southern California

1991
22
Thomas, StanStan Thomas
Offensive tackle
Texas

1992
22
Spellman, AlonzoAlonzo Spellman
Defensive end
Ohio State

1993
7
Conway, CurtisCurtis Conway
Wide receiver
Southern California

1994
11
Thierry, JohnJohn Thierry
Defensive end
Alcorn State

1995
21
Salaam, RashaanRashaan Salaam
Halfback
Colorado

1996
13
Harris, WaltWalt Harris
Defensive back
Mississippi State

1997
—
— No pick
—
—
[t]

1998
5
Enis, CurtisCurtis Enis
Halfback
Penn State

1999
12
McNown, CadeCade McNown
Quarterback
UCLA
[u]

2000
9
Urlacher, BrianBrian Urlacher ^
Linebacker/Safety
New Mexico

2001
8
Terrell, DavidDavid Terrell
Wide receiver
Michigan

2002
29
Colombo, MarcMarc Colombo
Offensive tackle
Boston College

2003
14
Haynes, MichaelMichael Haynes
Defensive end
Penn State
[v]

2003
22
Grossman, RexRex Grossman
Quarterback
Florida
[v]

2004
14
Harris, TommieTommie Harris †
Defensive tackle
Oklahoma

2005
4
Benson, CedricCedric Benson
Halfback
Texas

2006
—
— No pick
—
—
[w]

2007
31
Olsen, GregGreg Olsen
Tight end
Miami

2008
14
Williams, ChrisChris Williams
Offensive tackle
Vanderbilt

2009
—
— No pick
—
—
[x]

2010
—
— No pick
—
—
[x]

2011
29
Carimi, GabeGabe Carimi
Offensive tackle
Wisconsin

2012
19
McClellin, SheaShea McClellin
Defensive end
Boise State

2013
20
Long, KyleKyle Long †
Offensive tackle
Oregon

2014
14
Fuller, KyleKyle Fuller
Cornerback
Virginia Tech

2015
7
White, KevinKevin White
Wide receiver
West Virginia

2016
9
Floyd, LeonardLeonard Floyd
Linebacker
Georgia

2017
2
Trubisky, MitchellMitchell Trubisky
Quarterback
North Carolina

2018
8
Smith, RoquanRoquan Smith
Linebacker
Georgia

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
a Luckman was initially drafted by Pittsburgh Pirates but immediately traded to Bears. Prior to the 1938 season, the Chicago Bears made a trade with the Pittsburgh Pirates.[9] In this trade, Chicago took over the contract of end Ed Manske and Pittsburgh sent the rights to their pick (Luckman) in exchange.[10]
b Pick acquired from the Philadelphia Eagles.[11]
c Pick acquired from the Pittsburgh Steelers.[11]
d Pick was a lottery bonus pick.[12]
e Pick acquired from Detroit through Pittsburgh.[13]
f Acquired from New York Bulldogs.[14]
g Acquired from the Baltimore Colts.[15]
h Acquired from the Baltimore Colts.[15]
i Pick acquired from Pittsburgh Steelers.[16]
j Pick acquired from Pittsburgh Steelers.[17]
k Pick acquired from Washington Redskins.[17]
l Second overall selection traded to Green Bay Packers (who selected Mike McCoy) for Bob Hyland, Elijah Pitts, Lee Roy Caffey.[18]
m Pick acquired from New York Giants.[19]
n Acquired from Washington Redskins through Los Angeles Rams.[20]
o Pick acquired from Green Bay through Los Angeles Rams and Detroit Lions. Bears, in exchange, sent 1976 10th overall pick (James Hunter) and 68th overall pick (Russ Bolinger) to Lions.
p Bears traded 1978 20th overall pick (eventually Elvis Peacock) to Cleveland Browns for Mike Phipps.

text:
q Bears traded Wally Chambers to Tampa Bay Buccaneers for this pick and Bobby Moore (player named later).[21]
r Pick acquired from Tampa Bay Buccaneers. Bears traded 1982 second round selection (32nd overall Booker Reese) to Tampa Bay for a 1983 first round selection (18th overall Willie Gault).[22]
s Bears acquired 1988 27th overall pick (Wendell Davis) and 1989's 12th selection (Trace Armstrong) from the Washington Redskins as compensation for Washington signing free agent Wilbur Marshall.[23]
t Bears traded 1997 first round selection (11th overall) to the Seattle Seahawks for Rick Mirer.[24]
u Bears traded 1999 first round pick (7th overall) to the Washington Redskins for their 1999 first round pick (12th overall), 1999 third round pick (71 overall), 1999 fourth round pick (106 overall), 1999 fifth round pick (144 overall), and 2000 third round pick (87 overall).
v Bears traded their 2003 first round selection (4 overall) to the New York Jets for 2 2003 first round selections (13 and 22 overall) and 2003 fourth round pick (116 overall).[25] The Bears then traded 2003 13th overall pick to the New England Patriots for 2003 14th overall pick and a 2003 sixth round pick (193 overall).
w Bears traded 2006 first round pick (26 overall) to Buffalo Bills for 2006 second round pick (42 overall), and 2006 third round pick (73 overall).[26]
x Bears traded Kyle Orton, first round picks in 2009 (18th overall) and 2010 (11 overall), and 2009 3rd round pick (84 overall) to the Denver Broncos for Jay Cutler and a 2009 fifth round pick (140 overall) which was used by the Bears to select Johnny Knox.[2]


document_title: Peter Cushing

question_text: who played tarkin in the original star wars

root

text: Peter Cushing

text: Early life and career[edit]

text: Cushing was born in Kenley, Surrey, the second son of George Edward Cushing (1881–1956) and Nellie Maria (née King) Cushing (1882–1961).[1] Shortly after his birth, the family moved to Dulwich, South London. After the end of the First World War, they returned close to Kenley; this time to neighbouring Purley, Surrey, where in 1926 his quantity surveyor father built Clearview, an Art Deco house on St James Road. It was here that Cushing remained until early adulthood.

tag: p

text: Educated at Shoreham College, Cushing left his first job as a surveyor's assistant to take up a scholarship at the Guildhall School of Music and Drama. After working in repertory theatre in Worthing, Sussex,[2] he left for Hollywood in 1939, making his debut in The Man in the Iron Mask later that year, before returning to England in 1941 after appearing in several films. In one, A Chump at Oxford (1940), he appeared opposite Laurel and Hardy. During the Second World War he served with the Entertainments National Service Association (ENSA).[3] His first major film role was that of Osric in Laurence Olivier's version of Hamlet (1948).

text: In the 1950s, Cushing worked in television, notably as Winston Smith in the BBC's 1954 adaptation of the George Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty-Four (1949), scripted by Nigel Kneale. Cushing was highly praised for his performance, although he considered his acting in the surviving second version of the broadcast—it was performed live twice in one week, then a common practice, and only the second version exists in the archives—to be inferior to the first.

text: Among other TV appearances, Cushing starred as Fitzwilliam Darcy in the BBC's production of Pride and Prejudice (1952), as King Richard II in Richard of Bordeaux (1955), and as Raan, a Prospero-like character, in "Missing Link" (1975), an episode of Space: 1999. He also appeared in The Avengers and its successor series, The New Avengers. In 1956, he received the British Academy Television Award for Best Actor.

text: Hammer Horror and other work[edit]

text: Cushing is well known for playing Baron Victor Frankenstein and Professor Van Helsing in a long series of horror films produced by Hammer Film Productions in the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. He was often cast alongside Christopher Lee, who became his best friend. His first appearances in his two most famous roles were in Terence Fisher's films The Curse of Frankenstein (1957) and Dracula (1958). He later said that his career decisions entailed selecting roles where he knew that he would be accepted by the audience. "Who wants to see me as Hamlet? Very few. But millions want to see me as Frankenstein, so that's the one I do."[4] The film critic Roger Ebert described Cushing's work in the Hammer films thusly: "[Cushing is] the one in all those British horror films, standing between Vincent Price and Christopher Lee. His dialog usually runs along the lines of, 'But good heavens, man! The person you saw has been dead for more than two centuries!'"[5]

text: Cushing also played Sherlock Holmes many times, originally in Hammer's The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959), the first Holmes adaptation to be filmed in colour. This was followed by a performance in 16 episodes of the BBC series Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes (1968), of which only six episodes survive. Cushing reprised the role, now playing the detective in old age, in The Masks of Death (1984) for Channel 4.

text: In an interview published in ABC Film Review in November 1964, Cushing stated, "People look at me as if I were some sort of monster, but I can't think why. In my macabre pictures, I have either been a monster-maker or a monster-destroyer, but never a monster. Actually, I'm a gentle fellow. Never harmed a fly. I love animals, and when I'm in the country I'm a keen bird-watcher." In an interview published in 1966, he added, "I do get terribly tired with the neighbourhood kids telling me 'My mum says she wouldn't want to meet you in a dark alley'."[6]

text: In the mid-1960s, Cushing played Doctor Who in two films (Dr. Who and the Daleks and Daleks – Invasion Earth: 2150 A.D.) based on the BBC science-fiction TV series Doctor Who, although the films are not considered part of the show's official canon by the BBC. He decided to play the part as a lovable and avuncular figure.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: In 1971, Cushing withdrew from the filming of Blood from the Mummy's Tomb following the death from emphysema[7] of his wife, actress Violet Helene Beck (8 February 1905 – 14 January 1971), to whom he had been married since 1943. The following year, he was quoted in the Radio Times as having said, "Since Helen passed on I can't find anything; the heart, quite simply, has gone out of everything. Time is interminable, the loneliness is almost unbearable and the only thing that keeps me going is the knowledge that my dear Helen and I will be reunited again some day. To join Helen is my only ambition. You have my permission to publish that ... really, you know, dear boy, it's all just killing time. Please say that."[8]

text: In his autobiography, Cushing implies that he attempted suicide on the night of his wife's death by running up and down stairs in the vain hope that it would induce a heart attack. He later stated that this had simply been a hysterical response borne out of grief, and that he had not purposely attempted to end his life; a poem left by Helen had implored him not to die until he had lived his life to the full, and he had resolved that to commit suicide would have meant letting her down. Although not conventionally religious, Cushing maintained a belief both in God and an afterlife.[9] Cushing's colleagues of that period commented on his deeply Christian faith and his conviction that his separation from his wife was only temporary.[10]

text: The effects of his wife's death proved to be as much physical as mental. For his role in Dracula A.D. 1972, Cushing had originally been cast as the father of Stephanie Beacham's character, but had aged so visibly and lost so much weight that the script was hastily re-written to make him her grandfather: it was done again in the last Dracula film from Hammer, The Satanic Rites of Dracula.[11] In a silent tribute to Helen, a shot of Van Helsing's desk includes a photograph of her. He repeated the role of the man who lost family in other horror films, including Asylum (1972), The Creeping Flesh (1973), and The Ghoul (1975). In 1986, Cushing appeared on the BBC TV show Jim'll Fix It, his wish being to have a strain of rose named after Helen; the "Helen Cushing Rose" was the result.[12]

text: Later career[edit]

text: Star Wars[edit]

text: In 1976, Cushing was cast in Star Wars in the supporting part of Grand Moff Tarkin. Like all of the other actors portraying Galactic Imperial officers, he was presented with ill-fitting riding boots, which pinched his feet so much that he was given permission by director George Lucas to play the role wearing his slippers. As a result, the camera operators filmed him throughout the film only from the knees up, or else standing behind the table of the Death Star conference room set.[13][14][15][16] This costuming discomfort aside, Cushing contrasted sharply with co-star Alec Guinness in that he enjoyed his experience on the film, appreciated the renewed interest in his work from young fans and only regretted that he could not appear in the sequels.[17]

text: For the 2016 film Rogue One, CGI and digitally-repurposed-archive footage[18][19] were used to insert Peter Cushing's likeness from the original movie over the body of actor Guy Henry. Henry provided the on-set capture and voice work with the reference material augmented and mapped over his performance like a digital body-mask. Cushing's estate owners were heavily involved with the creation which took place over twenty years after his death.[20] This extensive use of CGI to "resurrect" an actor who had died decades ago created a great deal of controversy about the ethics of using a deceased actor's likeness.[21][22][23] Joyce Broughton, Cushing’s former secretary, had approved recreating Cushing in the film. After attending the London premiere, she was reportedly "taken aback" and "dazzled" with the effect of seeing Cushing on screen again.[24]

text: Morecambe and Wise[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (June 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Following Star Wars, Cushing continued to appear sporadically in film and television, as his health permitted. In 1969, he had appeared in a comedy play by Ernie Wise on The Morecambe and Wise Show on BBC2. Throughout the BBC era of the show, he would regularly join Wise and his comic partner, Eric Morecambe, on stage; he would constantly seek payment for his first appearance, wearily asking "Have you got my five pounds yet?"

text: This running joke continued when the duo left the BBC and moved to Thames Television in 1978. Cushing appeared in their first special for Thames Television on 18 October, still asking to be paid, with the hosts repeatedly trying to get rid of him; at the end of the show, Morecambe placed some money in a wallet wired up to a bomb, in an attempt to blow Cushing up in exaggerated comedic style. In the duo's 1980 Christmas special, Cushing pretended to be the Prime Minister while Morecambe and Wise caroled outside 10 Downing Street; he made the comedians give him money and finally came out to declare "Paid, at last!"

text: Wise was a guest for Cushing's appearance on This Is Your Life in 1990. He promptly presented Cushing with a twenty-pound note, only to extort it back from him, for the price of a taxi getting there and the rental of a suit for that particular night.

text: Later life and death[edit]

text: Cushing was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1982, but managed to survive for 12 years without surgery, although his health remained fragile.[citation needed] In 1989, he was made an Officer of the Order of the British Empire; his friend Christopher Lee publicly opined that the honour was "too little, too late".[citation needed] Cushing retired to Whitstable, on the Kent coast, where he had bought a seafront home in 1959, and continued his hobby of birdwatching while writing two autobiographies.[citation needed] He also worked as a painter, specialising in watercolours, and wrote and illustrated a children's book of Lewis Carroll–style humour, The Bois Saga.[citation needed] He was a patron of the Vegetarian Society from 1987 until his death.[25]

text: Cushing's final professional commitment was the co-narration of the TV documentary Flesh and Blood: The Hammer Heritage of Horror, produced by American writer and director Ted Newsom. His contribution was recorded in Canterbury, near his home.[26] The programme was broadcast only a few days before he died on 11 August 1994, aged 81.[27]

text: In an interview included on the DVD release of The Hound of the Baskervilles (1959), Lee said of his friend's death: "I don't want to sound gloomy, but at some point of your lives, every one of you will notice that you have in your life one person, one friend whom you love and care for very much. That person is so close to you that you are able to share some things only with him. For example, you can call that friend, and from the very first maniacal laugh or some other joke you will know who is at the other end of that line. We used to do that with him so often. And then when that person is gone, there will be nothing like that in your life ever again."[28]

text: Filmography[edit]

text: Films[edit]

text:
Title
Year
Role
Note

The Man in the Iron Mask
1939
Second Officer
Playing opposite Louis Hayward to facilitate the double exposure scenes, with a small role of his own

Laddie
1940
Robert Pryor

A Chump at Oxford
Student

Vigil in the Night
Joe Shand

Women in War
Captain Evans
(Uncredited role)

The Howards of Virginia
Leslie Stephens
(Uncredited role)

They Dare Not Love
1941
Sub-Lieutenant Blackler
(Uncredited role)

Hamlet
1948
Osric

Moulin Rouge
1952
Marcel de la Voisier

The Black Knight
1954
Sir Palamides

The End of the Affair
1955
Henry Miles

Magic Fire
Otto Wesendonk

Alexander the Great
1956
General Memnon

Time Without Pity
1957
Jeremy Clayton

The Curse of Frankenstein
Victor Frankenstein

The Abominable Snowman
Dr. Rollason

Violent Playground
1958
Priest

Dracula
Doctor Van Helsing

The Revenge of Frankenstein
Victor Frankenstein

The Hound of the Baskervilles
1959
Sherlock Holmes

John Paul Jones
Captain Richard Pearson

The Mummy
John Banning

The Flesh and the Fiends
1960
Dr. Robert Knox

Cone of Silence
Captain Clive Judd

The Brides of Dracula
Doctor Van Helsing

Suspect
Professor Sewell

Sword of Sherwood Forest
Sheriff of Nottingham

The Hellfire Club
1961
Merryweather

Fury at Smugglers' Bay
Squire Trevenyan

The Naked Edge
Mr. Evan Wrack

Cash on Demand
Harry Fordyce

Captain Clegg
1962
Parson Blyss
Alternate title: Night Creatures

The Devil's Agent

(Scenes deleted)

The Man Who Finally Died
1963
Dr. Peter von Brecht

The Evil of Frankenstein
1964
Victor Frankenstein

The Gorgon
Dr. Namaroff

Dr. Terror's House of Horrors
1965
'Dr. Terror' / Dr. W. R. Schreck

She
Maj, Holly

The Skull
Dr. Christopher Maitland

Dr. Who and the Daleks
Dr. Who

Island of Terror
1966
Dr. Brian Stanley

Daleks – Invasion Earth: 2150 A.D.
Dr. Who

Frankenstein Created Woman
1967
Victor Frankenstein

Night of the Big Heat
Dr. Vernon Stone

Torture Garden
Lancelot Canning
Segment 4: "The Man Who Collected Poe"

Some May Live
John Meredith

The Blood Beast Terror
1968
Detective Inspector Quennell

Corruption
Sir John Rowan

Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed
1969
Victor Frankenstein

Incense for the Damned
1970
Dr. Walter Goodrich
Alternate title: Bloodsuckers

Scream and Scream Again
Major Heinrich Benedek

One More Time
Dr. Frankenstein
(Uncredited role)

The Vampire Lovers
General von Spielsdorf

The House That Dripped Blood
1971
Philip Grayson
Segment 2: "Waxworks"

Twins of Evil
Gustav Weil

I, Monster
Frederick Utterson

Tales from the Crypt
1972
Arthur Edward Grimsdyke
Segment 3: "Poetic Justice"

Dracula A.D. 1972
Van Helsing

Dr. Phibes Rises Again
Captain

Asylum
Mr. Smith
Segment 2: "The Weird Tailor"

Fear in the Night
Michael Carmichael

Horror Express
Dr. Wells

Nothing But the Night
1973
Sir Mark Ashley

The Creeping Flesh
Emmanuel Hildren

And Now the Screaming Starts!
Dr. Pope

The Satanic Rites of Dracula
Van Helsing

Shatter
1974
Rattwood

From Beyond the Grave
Antique Shop Proprietor

Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell
Victor Frankenstein

The Beast Must Die
Dr. Christopher Lundgren

Madhouse
Herbert Flay

The Legend of the 7 Golden Vampires
Van Helsing

Tender Dracula
MacGregor

Legend of the Werewolf
1975
Professor Paul

The Ghoul
Dr. Lawrence
Medalla Sitges en Plata de Ley Award for Best Actor

Trial by Combat
1976
Sir Edward Gifford
Alternate title: Dirty Knights Work

At the Earth's Core
Dr. Abner Perry
This film was "riffed" on 14 April 2017 as part of the Season One (episode 14) release of Mystery Science Theater 3000: The Return on Netflix.

Land of the Minotaur
Baron Corofax
Alternate title: The Devil's Men

Star Wars
1977
Grand Moff Tarkin
Nominated: Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actor

Shock Waves
SS Commander
Alternate title: Almost Human

The Uncanny
Wilbur

Die Standarte (de)
Baron von Hackenberg
Alternate title: The Standard

Son of Hitler
1978
Heinrich Haussner

Arabian Adventure
1979
Wazir Al Wuzara

A Touch of the Sun
Commissioner Potts
Alternate title: No Secrets!

Misterio en la isla de los monstruos
1981
William T. Kolderup
Alternate title: Mystery on Monster Island

Black Jack
Sir Thomas Bedford
Alternate title: Asalto al casino

House of the Long Shadows
1983
Sebastian Grisbane
Caixa de Catalunya Award for Best Actor
(shared with Vincent Price, Christopher Lee & John Carradine)

Top Secret!
1984
Bookstore Proprietor

Sword of the Valiant
Seneschal – Gaspar

Biggles: Adventures in Time
1986
Air Commodore William Raymond

text: Television[edit]

text:
Title
Year
Role
Note

Pride and Prejudice
1952
Mr. Darcy
TV mini-series (all 6 episodes)

Epitaph for a Spy
1953
Josef Vadassey
TV mini-series (all 6 episodes)

You are There
Rudolf Hess
Season 1, episode 20: "The Escape of Rudolf Hess"

BBC Sunday-Night Theatre
1951–1957
Charles Appleby
Cyril Beverly
Simpson
Antoine Vanier
Piotr Petrovsky
Seppi Fredericks
Prince Mikhail Alexandrovitch Ouratieff
Beau Brummell
Winston Smith
Dr. John Rollason
Prime Minister
Mr. Manningham
Season 2, episode 48: "Eden End (I)"
Season 3, episode 15: "Bird in Hand"
Season 4, episode 5: "Number Three"
Season 4, episode 25: "The Road"
Season 4, episode 28: "Anastasia"
Season 4, episode 34: "Portrait by Peko"
Season 5, episode 4: "Tovarich"
Season 5, episode 11: "Beau Brummell"
Season 5, episode 50: "Nineteen Eighty-Four"
Season 6, episode 5: "The Creature"
Season 6, episode 10: "The Moment of Truth"
Season 8, episode 2: "Gaslight"

Drama 61-67
1962
Frederick James Parsons
Season 2, episode 7: "Drama '62: Peace with Terror"

ITV Television Playhouse
Fred Parsons
Season 8, episode 3: "Peace with Terror"

The Spread of the Eagle
1963
Cassius
TV mini-series

Comedy Playhouse
Albert Fawkes
Season 3, episode 6 "The Plan"

Story Parade
1964
Elijah Baley
Episode: "The Caves of Steel" (unknown season)

Thirty-Minute Theatre
1965
Leonard
Season 1, episode 5: "Monica"

The Avengers
1967
Paul Beresford
Episode: "Return of the Cybernauts" (season 5, episode 17 or season 6, episode 1)

Sherlock Holmes
1968
Sherlock Holmes
All 16 episodes from season 2:
"The Second Strain"
"The Dancing Men"
"A Study in Scarlet"
"The Hound of the Baskervilles (Part 1)"
"The Hound of the Baskervilles (Part 2)"
"The Boscombe Valley Mystery"
"The Greek Interpreter"
"The Naval Treaty"
"Thor Bridge"
"The Musgrave Ritual"
"Black Peter"
"Wisteria Lodge"
"Shoscombe Old Place"
"The Solitary Cyclist"
"The Sign of Four"
"The Blue Carbuncle"

Orson Welles' Great Mysteries
1973
Count Gerard De Merret
Season 1, episode 4: "La Grande Breteche"

The Zoo Gang
1974
Judge Gautier
Season 1, episode 5: "The Counterfeit Trap"

Space: 1999
1976
Raan
Season 1, episode 7: "Missing Link"

Looks Familiar

1 episode – dated 2 February 1976

The New Avengers
Von Claus
Season 1, episode 1: "The Eagle's Nest"

Hammer House of Horror
1980
Martin Blueck
Season 1, episode 7: "The Silent Scream"

Tales of the Unexpected
1983
Von Baden
Season 6, episode 8: "The Vorpal Blade"

text: Television films[edit]

text:
Title
Year
Role
Note

When We Are Married
1951
Gerald Forbes

If This Be Error
1952
Nick Grant

Asmodée
Blaise Lebel

The Silver Swan
Lord Henriques

Rookery Nook
1953
Clive Popkiss

The Noble Spaniard
Duke of Hermanos

A Social Success
Henry Robbins

The Face of Love
1954
Mardian Thersites[29]

Richard of Bordeaux
1955
Richard II

The Browning Version
Andrew Crocker-Harris

Home at Seven
1957
David Preston

The Winslow Boy
1958
Sir Robert Morton

Uncle Harry
Uncle Harry

Beyond the Water's Edge
1972

The Great Houdini
1976
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle

A Tale of Two Cities
1980
Dr. Alexander Manette

Helen Keller: The Miracle Continues
1984
Professor Charles Copeland

The Masks of Death
Sherlock Holmes

text: Short films[edit]

text:
Title
Year
Note
Role

The Hidden Master
1940
Robert Clive of India
Uncredited role

Dreams
1940
First Dreamer

It Might Be You
1946
The Doctor

text: Other Credits[edit]

text:
Title
Year
Role
Note

The Morecambe & Wise Show
1969 - 1980
Himself
Long running gag involving being owed payment.

BBC Wildlife Spectacular
1971
Himself - Presenter

Dieter & Andreas
1986

Grateful Acknowledgment

Wogan
1986-1988
Himself
Regular guest

House of the Long Shadows... Revisited
2012

Dedicated to

Rogue One: A Star Wars Story
2016
Grand Moff Tarkin
Special Acknowledgment. Posthumous. CGI recreation used for likeness.


document_title: Bharat Ratna

question_text: who got bharat ratna award before becoming the president of india

text: Bharat Ratna

text: History[edit]

text: On 2 January 1954, a press communiqué was released from the office of the secretary to the President announcing the creation of two civilian awards—Bharat Ratna, the highest civilian award, and the three-tier Padma Vibhushan, classified into "Pahela Warg" (Class I), "Dusra Warg" (Class II), and "Tisra Warg" (Class III), which rank below the Bharat Ratna.[2] On 15 January 1955, the Padma Vibhushan was reclassified into three different awards; the Padma Vibhushan, the highest of the three, followed by the Padma Bhushan and the Padma Shri.[3]

text: There is no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens. It has been awarded to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa in 1980, and to two non-Indians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan of Pakistan in 1987 and the former South African president Nelson Mandela in 1990.[6] Sachin Tendulkar, at the age of 40, became the youngest person and first athlete to receive the honour.[7] In a special ceremony on 18 April 1958, Dhondo Keshav Karve was awarded on his 100th birthday.[8][a] As of 2015, the award has been conferred upon 45 people with 12 posthumous declarations.[10]

text: The award was briefly suspended twice in its history.[11] The first suspension occurred after Morarji Desai was sworn in as the fourth Prime Minister in 1977. His government withdrew all personal civil honours on 13 July 1977.[12][13] The suspension was rescinded on 25 January 1980, after Indira Gandhi became the Prime Minister.[14][15] The civilian awards were suspended again in mid-1992, when two Public-Interest Litigations were filed, one in the Kerala High Court and another in the Madhya Pradesh High Court, challenging the "constitutional validity" of the awards.[11] The awards were reintroduced by the Supreme Court in December 1995, following the conclusion of the litigation.[13][16]

text: Regulations[edit]

text: The Bharat Ratna is conferred "in recognition of exceptional service/performance of the highest order", without distinction of race, occupation, position, or sex.[4] The award was originally confined to the arts, literature, science, and public services, as per the 1954 regulations.[2] In December 2011, the rules were changed to include "any field of human endeavour".[5] The 1954 statutes did not allow posthumous awards, but this was subsequently modified in the January 1955 statute, and Lal Bahadur Shastri became the first recipient to be honoured posthumously in 1966.[3][17]

text: Although there is no formal nomination process, recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President with a maximum number of three nominees being awarded per year. However, in 1999, four individuals were awarded the honour. The recipient receives a Sanad (certificate) signed by the President and a medallion without any monetary grant. Under the terms of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution,[b] the recipients cannot use the award as a prefix or suffix to their name, although recipients may use either the expressions "Awarded Bharat Ratna by the President" or "Recipient of Bharat Ratna Award" to indicate that they have been honoured with the award.[4] The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank seventh in the Indian order of precedence.[19]

text: As with many official announcements, recipients are announced and registered in The Gazette of India, a publication released by the Department of Publication, Ministry of Urban Development used for official government notices; without publication in the Gazette, conferral of the award is not considered official. Recipients whose awards have been revoked or restored, both of which require the authority of the President, are registered in the Gazette. Recipients whose awards have been revoked are required to surrender their medals, and their names are struck from the register.[2][3]

text: Specifications[edit]

text: The original 1954 specifications of the award was a circle made of gold 1 3⁄8 inches (35 mm) in diameter with a centred sun burst design on the obverse side. The text "Bharat Ratna", in Devanagari Script, is inscribed on the upper edge in silver gilt with a wreath set along on the lower edge. A platinum State Emblem of India was placed in the centre of the reverse side with the national motto, "Satyameva Jayate" (Truth alone triumphs) in Devanagari Script, inscribed in silver-gilt on the lower edge.[2]

text: A year later, the design was modified. The current medal is in the shape of a peepal leaf, approximately 2 5⁄16 inches (59 mm) long, 1 7⁄8 inches (48 mm) wide and 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) thick and rimmed in platinum. The embossed sun burst design, made of platinum, on the obverse side of the medal has a diameter of 5⁄8 inch (16 mm) with rays spreading out from 5⁄6 inch (21 mm) to 1⁄2 inch (13 mm) from the center of the Sun. The words "Bharat Ratna" on the obverse side remained the same as the 1954 design as did the emblem of India and "Satyameva Jayate" on the reverse side. A 2-inch-wide (51 mm) white ribbon is attached to the medal so it can be worn around the neck.[3][11][20] In 1957, the silver-gilt decoration was changed to burnished bronze.[2][21] The Bharat Ratna medals are produced at Alipore Mint, Kolkata along with the other civilian and military awards like Padma Vibushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri, and Param Veer Chakra.[22]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: The Bharat Ratna has been surrounded by several controversies and multiple Public-Interest Litigations (PIL) had been filed against the conferral of the award.[13][23][24][25][26]

text: On 23 January 1992, a press release was published by the President's Secretariat to confer the award posthumously on Subhash Chandra Bose. The decision triggered much criticism and a PIL was filed in the Calcutta High Court to revoke the award.[23] The petitioner took objection to the conferral of the award and its posthumous mention of Bose, saying that honouring a personality higher than the award is "ridiculous", and it was an act of "carelessness" to classify such a person with past and future recipients. It said that the award cannot be conferred to Bose posthumously as the Government had not officially accepted his death on 18 August 1945. The petitioner requested the whereabouts of Bose from 18 August 1945 till date, based on the information collected by the 1956 Shah Nawaz Committee and the 1970 Khosla Commission. Bose's family members expressed their unwillingness to accept the award.[27][28]

text: To deliver the judgement, the Supreme Court formed a Special Division Bench with Judge Sujata V. Manohar and G. B. Pattanaik. The Solicitor General noted that to confer the award per the appropriate regulations pertaining to the Bharat Ratna, Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, and Padma Shri, the name of the recipient must be published in The Gazette of India and entered in the recipients register maintained under the direction of the President.[2] It was noted that only an announcement had been made by press communiqué, but the government had not proceeded to confer the award by publishing the name in the Gazette and entering the name in the register. Furthermore, the then presidents, R. Venkataraman (1987–92) and Shankar Dayal Sharma (1992–97), had not conferred a Sanad (certificate) with their signature and seal.[27]

text: On 4 August 1997, the Supreme Court delivered an order that since the award had not been officially conferred, it cannot be revoked and declared that the press communiqué be treated as cancelled. The court declined to pass any judgement on the posthumous mention of Bose and his death.[27][29]

text: In 1992, two PILs were filed in the High Courts; one in the Kerala High Court on 13 February 1992 by Balaji Raghavan and another in the Madhya Pradesh High Court (Indore Bench) on 24 August 1992 by Satya Pal Anand. Both petitioners questioned the civilian awards being "Titles" per an interpretation of Article 18 (1) of the Constitution.[b] On 25 August 1992, the Madhya Pradesh High Court issued a notice temporarily suspending all civilian awards.[13] A Special Division Bench of the Supreme Court was formed comprising five judges; A. M. Ahmadi C. J., Kuldip Singh, B. P. Jeevan Reddy, N. P. Singh, and S. Saghir Ahmad. On 15 December 1995, the Special Division Bench restored the awards and delivered a judgement that the "Bharat Ratna and Padma awards are not titles under Article 18 of the Constitution".[16]

text: Following the announcement, in November 2013, that C. N. R. Rao and Sachin Tendulkar were to be awarded the Bharat Ratna, multiple PILs were filed challenging the conferring of the award. The PIL filed against Rao declared that other Indian scientists, such as Homi Bhabha and Vikram Sarabhai, had contributed more than Rao and his claim of publishing 1400 research papers was "physically impossible". The suit stated that as Rao had proven cases of plagiarism, he should not be presented with the award but rather should be annulled.[24] The PIL filed against Tendulkar to the Election Commission under the Right to Information Act indicated that the awarding him the Bharat Ratna was a violation of the model code of conduct. The petitioner noted that as Tendulkar was an Indian National Congress nominated Member of Rajya Sabha, the decision to award him the Bharat Ratna would influence the voters of Delhi, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Mizoram where the election process was underway at the time.[25] Another PIL was filed against Tendulkar and a few ministers, "alleging a conspiracy to ignore" an Indian field hockey player Dhyan Chand."[26][c]

text: On 4 December 2013, the Election Commission rejected the petition stating that conferring the award on people from non-polling states did not amount to a violation of the code.[30] Other High Courts as well rejected the petitions raised against Rao and Tendulkar.[31]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: In 1988, then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi (1984–89) conferred the Bharat Ratna posthumously on film actor and former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu, M. G. Ramachandran, in a bid to influence voters prior to the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1989.[32][33] The decision was criticised for awarding Ramachandran before independence activist B. R. Ambedkar and Vallabhbhai Patel, who were bestowed the honour in 1990 and 1991 respectively.[34] While Ravi Shankar was accused of lobbying for the award,[35] the decision by Indira Gandhi to posthumously honour K. Kamaraj was considered to have been aimed at placating Tamil voters for the Tamil Nadu assembly elections in 1977. The seventh Prime Minister V. P. Singh was criticised for posthumously honouring B. R. Ambedkar to please the Father of Indian COnstitutions.[36][32]

text: The posthumous conferments of the award on the recipients who died before the Indian independence in 1947 or the award was instituted in 1954 have been criticised by historians.[37] It was noted that such conferments could lead to more demands to honour people like Maurya Emperor Ashoka,[38] Mughal Emperor Akbar, Maratha Emperor Shivaji, Nobel Laureate Rabindranath Tagore,[39] Hindu spiritualist Swami Vivekananda,[40] and independence activist Bal Gangadhar Tilak.[41] The then Prime Minister P. V. Narasimha Rao (1991–96) was criticised for bestowing the award upon Vallabhbhai Patel in 1991, 41 years after his death in 1950; and upon Subhas Chandra Bose in 1992, who went missing since 18 August 1945.[41][42] Similarly in 2015, the incumbent Prime Minister Narendra Modi's decision to award Madan Mohan Malaviya, who died in 1946, met with criticism.[41] Janardan Dwivedi, politician of the Indian National Congress, said that Malaviya, who worked predominantly in Varanasi, was "deliberately chosen" by the Prime Minister Modi, who is the incumbent Member of Parliament from Varanasi.[43]

text: A few of the conferments have been criticised for honouring personalities only after they received global recognition.[44] The award for Mother Teresa was announced in 1980, a year after she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. Satyajit Ray received an Academy Honorary Award in 1992 followed by the Bharat Ratna the same year.[45][46] In 1999, Amartya Sen was awarded the Bharat Ratna, a year after his 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. The award was proposed  by Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee to President K. R. Narayanan who agreed to the proposal.[47][48]

text: Popular demands[edit]

text: Though, as per the statutes for the Bharat Ratna, the recommendations for the award can only be made by the Prime Minister to the President,[4] there have been several demands from various political parties to honour their leaders. In January 2008, Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) leader L. K. Advani wrote to the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh recommending Singh's predecessor Atal Bihari Vajpayee for the award.[49][50] This was immediately followed by the Communist Party of India (Marxist) lobbying for their leader, Jyoti Basu, former Chief Minister of West Bengal.[51] Basu, India's longest-serving chief minister, said that he would decline the honour, even if awarded.[52] Similar demands were made by Telugu Desam Party, Bahujan Samaj Party, and Shiromani Akali Dal for their respective leaders N. T. Rama Rao, Kanshi Ram, and Parkash Singh Badal.[53] In September 2015, regional political party Shiv Sena demanded the award for the independence activist Vinayak Damodar Savarkar stating that he had been "deliberately neglected by previous governments" but his family clarified that they are not making such demand and that the freedom fighter is known for his contribution towards independence movement and did not need an award for recognition.[54]

text: Per the original statutes, sportspersons were not eligible for the Bharat Ratna; however, a revision of the rules in December 2011 made eligible "any field of human endeavour".[5] Subsequently, several sportspersons' names were discussed; among the most talked-about of these was field-hockey player Dhyan Chand, who was recommended multiple times for the posthumous honour.[55] In 2011, 82 members of parliament recommended Chand's name for the award to the Prime Minister's Office. In January 2012, the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports forwarded his name again, this time along with 2008 Summer Olympics gold medallist shooter Abhinav Bindra and mountaineer Tenzing Norgay.[56] Bindra had earlier been recommended for the award in May 2013 by the National Rifle Association of India.[57] In July 2013, the ministry again recommended Dhyan Chand.[56][58] However, in November 2013, cricketer Sachin Tendulkar became the first sports-person to receive the honour and this garnered much criticism for the government.[7][59]

text: A PIL was filed in the Karnataka High Court where in the petitioner requested the court to issue a direction to the Ministry of Home Affairs to consider their representation dated 26 October 2012 and confer the Bharat Ratna upon Mahatma Gandhi. On 27 January 2014, a counsel appearing for the petitioner noted that after multiple representations from the petitioner, they were provided with the information under RTI that the recommendations to confer the award on Gandhi have been received multiple times in the past and were forwarded to the Prime Minister's Office. A Division bench comprising Chief Justice D.H. Waghela and Justice B.V. Nagarathna dismissed the petition stating that the subject is not amenable to any adjudication process and the nominations and conferment process is stated to be informal and in the discretion of the highest authority in the Government.[60][61]

text: List of recipients[edit]

text:
Key

   + Naturalized citizen recipient

   * Non-citizen recipient

   # Posthumous recipient

text:
List of laureates awarded the Bharat Ratna[10]

Year

Laureates

Notes

1954

C. Rajagopalachari

An Indian independence activist, statesman, and lawyer, Rajagopalachari was the only Indian and last Governor-General of independent India. He was Chief Minister of Madras Presidency (1937–39) and Madras State (1952–54); and founder of Indian political party Swatantra Party.[62]

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan

Philosopher Radhakrishnan served as India's first Vice-President (1952–62) and second President (1962–67).[63][64] Since 1962, his birthday on 5 September is observed as "Teachers' Day" in India.[65]

C. V. Raman

Widely known for his work on the scattering of light and the discovery of the effect, better known as "Raman scattering", Raman mainly worked in the field of atomic physics and electromagnetism and was presented Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930.[66]

1955

 –

Bhagwan Das

Independence activist, philosopher, and educationist, Das is a co-founder of Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapith and worked with Madan Mohan Malaviya for the foundation of Banaras Hindu University.[67]

M. Visvesvaraya

Civil engineer, statesman, and Diwan of Mysore (1912–18), Visvesvaraya was a Knight Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire. His birthday, 15 September, is observed as "Engineer's Day" in India.[68]

Jawaharlal Nehru

Independence activist and author, Nehru is the first and the longest-serving Prime Minister of India (1947–64).[49][69]

1957

Govind Ballabh Pant

Independence activist Pant was premier of United Provinces (1937–39, 1946–50) and first Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh (1950–54). He served as Union Home Minister from 1955–61.[70]

1958

Dhondo Keshav Karve

Social reformer and educator, Karve is widely known for his works related to woman education and remarriage of Hindu widows. He established the Widow Marriage Association (1883), Hindu Widows Home (1896), and started Shreemati Nathibai Damodar Thackersey Women's University in 1916.[8][71]

1961

 –

Bidhan Chandra Roy

A physician, political leader, philanthropist, educationist, and social worker, Roy is often considered as "Maker of Modern West Bengal".[72] He was second Chief Minister of West Bengal (1948–62) and his birthday on 1 July is observed as National Doctors' Day in India.[51]

 –

Purushottam Das Tandon

Often titled as "Rajarshi", Tandon was an independence activist and served as speaker of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly (1937–50). He was actively involved in a campaign to get official language status to Hindi.[73]

1962

Rajendra Prasad

Independence activist, lawyer, statesman, and scholar,[74] Prasad was closely associated with Mahatma Gandhi in the non-cooperation movement for Indian independence.[75] He was later elected as the first President of India (1950–62).[63]

1963

 –

Zakir Husain

Independence activist and education philosopher, Husain served as a Vice Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University (1948–56) and the Governor of Bihar (1957–62).[76] Later, he was elected as second Vice-President of India (1962–67) and went on to become the third President of India (1967–69).[63][64]

Pandurang Vaman Kane

Indologist and Sanskrit scholar,[77] Kane is best known for his five volume literary work, History of Dharmaśāstra: Ancient and Medieval Religious and Civil Law in India; the "monumental" work that extends over nearly 6,500 pages and being published from 1930 to 1962.[78]

1966

Lal Bahadur Shastri[i]#

Known for his slogan "Jai Jawan Jai Kisan" ("Hail the Soldier, Hail the Farmer"),[79] Independence activist Shastri served as second Prime Minister of India (1964–66) and led the country during the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965.[49][80]

1971

Indira Gandhi

Known as the "Iron Lady of India",[81] Gandhi was the Prime Minister of India during 1966–77 and 1980–84.[49] During the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971, her government supported Bangladesh Liberation War which led to the formation of a new country, Bangladesh.[82]

1975

V. V. Giri

While studying at the University College Dublin, Giri was involved in the Irish Sinn Féin movement. Returning to India, he organized labour unions and brought them to take active participation in Indian freedom struggle. He was elected as the first President of All India Trade Union Congress in 1926. Post-independence, Giri held positions of Governor of Uttar Pradesh, Kerala and Mysore and various other cabinet ministries. He became the first acting President and was eventually elected as the fourth President of India (1969–74).[63][83][84]

1976

K. Kamaraj[ii]#

Independence activist and statesman Kamaraj was a Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for three terms; 1954–57, 1957–62, and 1962–63.[85][86]

1980

Mother Teresa +

"Saint Mother Teresa of Calcutta" was a catholic nun and the founder of the Missionaries of Charity. She was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for her humanitarian work in 1979 and was beatified on 19 October 2003 by Pope John Paul II and canonised on 4 September 2016 by Pope Francis.[87]

1983

Vinoba Bhave[iii]#

Independence activist, social reformer, and a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi, Bhave is best known for his Bhoodan movement, "Land-Gift Movement".[88] He was given the honorific title "Acharya" ("teacher") and was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Award (1958) for his humanitarian work.[89]

1987

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan*

Widely known as "Frontier Gandhi", independence activist and Pashtun leader Khan was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi. He joined Khilafat Movement in 1920 and founded Khudai Khidmatgar ("Red Shirt movement") in 1929.[90]

1988

M. G. Ramachandran[iv][d]#

Actor turned politician Ramachandran served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for three terms; 1977–80, 1980–84, 1985–87.[85]

1990

B. R. Ambedkar[v]#

Social reformer and leader of the Dalits ("Untouchables"),[92] Ambedkar was the Chief architect of the Indian Constitution and also served as the first Law Minister of India.[93] Ambedkar predominantly campaigned against the social discrimination with Dalits, the Hindu varna system.[94] He was associated with the Dalit Buddhist movement and accepted Buddhism as a religion along with his close to half a million followers on 14 October 1956.[95]

Nelson Mandela*

Leader of the Anti-Apartheid Movement in South Africa, Mandela was the President of South Africa (1994–99).[96] Often called as the "Gandhi of South Africa",[97] Mandela's African National Congress movement was influenced by Gandhian philosophy.[98] In 1993, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.[99]

1991

Rajiv Gandhi[vi]#

Gandhi was the ninth Prime Minister of India serving from 1984 to 1989.[49]

Vallabhbhai Patel[vii]#

Widely known as the "Iron Man of India",[100] Patel was an independence activist and first Deputy Prime Minister of India (1947–50). Post independence, "Sardar" ("Leader") Patel worked with V. P. Menon towards dissolving 555 princely states into the Indian union.[101][102]

Morarji Desai[e]

Independence activist Desai was the sixth Prime Minister of India (1977–79).[49] He is the only Indian national to be awarded the Nishan-e-Pakistan, highest civilian award given by the Government of Pakistan.[104]

1992

Abul Kalam Azad[viii][f]#

Independence activist Azad was India's first Minister of Education and worked towards free primary education. He was widely known as "Maulana Azad" and his birthday on 11 November is observed as National Education Day in India.[107]

J. R. D. Tata

Industrialist, philanthropist, and aviation pioneer, Tata founded India's first airline Air India. He is the founder of various institutes including Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Tata Memorial Hospital, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Tata Motors, TCS, National Institute of Advanced Studies, and National Centre for the Performing Arts.[108]

Satyajit Ray

Having debuted as a director with Pather Panchali (1955),[109] film-maker Ray is credited with bringing world recognition to Indian cinema.[110] In 1984, Ray was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema.[111]

1997

Gulzarilal Nanda

Independence activist Nanda was two times interim Prime Minister of India (1964, 1966) and two times deputy chairman of the Planning Commission.[49][112]

 –

Aruna Asaf Ali[ix]#

Independence activist Ali is better known for hoisting the Indian flag in Bombay during the Quit India Movement in 1942. Post Independence, Ali was elected as Delhi's first mayor in 1958.[113]

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Aerospace and defence scientist, Kalam was involved in the development of India's first satellite launch vehicle SLV III and was the architect of Integrated Guided Missile Development Program. He worked for Indian National Committee for Space Research, Indian Space Research Organisation, Defence Research and Development Laboratory and was appointed as the Scientific Advisor to the Defence Minister, Secretary to Department of Defence Research and Development and Director General of Defence Research and Development Organisation.[114] Later, he served as the eleventh President of India from 2002 till 2007.[63]

1998

M. S. Subbulakshmi

Carnatic classical vocalist Subbulakshmi, often hailed as "Queen of songs", is the first Indian musician to receive the Ramon Magsaysay award.[115]

Chidambaram Subramaniam

Independence activist and former Minister of Agriculture of India (1964–66), Subramaniam is known for his contribution towards Green Revolution in India. During the late 1970s, he worked for International Rice Research Institute, Manila, and the International Maize and Wheat Research Institute, Mexico.[116]

1999

 –

Jayaprakash Narayan[x]#

Independence activist, social reformer, and commonly referred as "Lok Nayak" ("People's Hero"), Narayan is better known for "Total Revolution Movement" or "JP Movement" initiated during the mid-1970s to "overthrow the corrupt and exploitative Congress government".[117]

Amartya Sen

Winner of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences (1998),[118] Sen has done research over several topics including social choice theory, ethics and political philosophy, welfare economics, decision theory, development economics, public health, and gender studies.[119]

Gopinath Bordoloi[xi]#

Independence activist Bordoloi is the first Chief Minister of Assam (1946–50).[120] His efforts and association with the then Minister of Home Affairs Vallabhbhai Patel were widely acknowledged while keeping Assam united with India when parts of it were to merge with East Pakistan.[121]

Ravi Shankar

Winner of four Grammy Awards and often considered "the world's best-known exponent of Hindustani classical music", sitar player Shankar is known for his collaborative work with Western musicians including Yehudi Menuhin and George Harrison.[122]

2001

Lata Mangeshkar

Widely credited as the "nightingale of India",[123] playback singer Mangeshkar started her career in the 1940s and has sung songs in over 36 languages.[124] In 1989, Mangeshkar was awarded the Dadasaheb Phalke Award, India's highest award in cinema.[111]

Bismillah Khan

Hindustani classical shehnai player, Khan played the instrument for more than eight decades and is credited to have brought the instrument to the centre stage of Indian music.[125]

2008

Bhimsen Joshi

Hindustani classical vocalist, Joshi was a disciple of Kirana gharana, an Indian musical school. He is widely known for the Khyal genre of singing with a "mastery over rhythm and accurate notes".[126][127]

2014

C. N. R. Rao

The recipient of Honorary Doctorates from 63 Universities including Purdue, IIT Bombay, Oxford, chemist and professor Rao has worked prominently in the fields of Solid State and Materials Chemistry, Spectroscopy and Molecular Structure. He has authored around 1600 research papers and 48 books.[128]

Sachin Tendulkar

Having debuted in 1989, Tendulkar played 664 international cricket matches in a career spanning over two decades. He holds various cricket records including the only player to have scored one hundred international centuries, the first batsman to score a double century in a One Day International and the only player to complete more than 30,000 runs in both ODI and Test cricket.[129][130]

2015

Madan Mohan Malaviya[xii]#

Scholar and educational reformer Malaviya is a founder of Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha (1906) and Banaras Hindu University and served as the university's vice-chancellor from 1919 till 1938. He was the President of Indian National Congress for four terms and was the Chairman of Hindustan Times from 1924 to 1946.[131]

Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Parliamentarian for over four decades, Vajpayee was elected nine times to the Lok Sabha, twice to the Rajya Sabha and served as the Prime Minister of India for three terms; 1996, 1998, 1999–2004.[49] He was Minister of External Affairs during 1977–79 and was awarded the "Best Parliamentarian" in 1994.[132]

text: Explanatory notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The Bharat Ratna ceremony is usually held at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi but a special ceremony was held at Brabourne Stadium, Mumbai to honour Karve on his 100th birthday, 18 April 1958.[9]

^ Jump up to: a b Per Article 18 (1) of the Constitution of India: Abolition of titles, "no title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall be conferred by the State".[18]

Jump up ^ The PIL accused the then Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde, Sports Minister Bhanwar Jitendra Singh and the secretary to the union home department.

Jump up ^ In 1960, Ramachandran was awarded the Padma Shri, the fourth highest civilian award, but declined as the invitation was written in the Devanagari script and not Tamil.[91]

Jump up ^ Desai had earlier abolished the awards while he was in the office of Prime Minister for it being "worthless and politicized".[103]

Jump up ^ Earlier, Abul Kalam Azad had refused the Bharat Ratna while he was the Education Minister of India (1947–58) citing that the selection committee members should not themselves be the recipients.[35][105][106]

tag: ol

text:
Jump up ^ Lal Bahadur Shastri died on 11 January 1966, at the age of 61.

Jump up ^ K. Kamaraj died on 2 October 1975, at the age of 72.

Jump up ^ Vinoba Bhave died on 15 November 1982, at the age of 87.

Jump up ^ M. G. Ramachandran died on 24 December 1987, at the age of 70.

Jump up ^ B. R. Ambedkar died on 6 December 1956, at the age of 65.

Jump up ^ Rajiv Gandhi died on 21 May 1991, at the age of 46.

Jump up ^ Vallabhbhai Patel died on 15 December 1950, at the age of 75.

Jump up ^ Abul Kalam Azad died on 22 February 1958, at the age of 69.

Jump up ^ Aruna Asaf Ali died on 29 July 1996, at the age of 87.

Jump up ^ Jayaprakash Narayan died on 8 October 1979, at the age of 76.

Jump up ^ Gopinath Bordoloi died on 5 August 1950, at the age of 60.

Jump up ^ Madan Mohan Malaviya died on 12 November 1946, at the age of 84.


document_title: King Arthur: Legend of the Sword

question_text: who played king arthur in king arthur legend of the sword

text: King Arthur: Legend of the Sword

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mordred, an iron-fisted warlock, and his armies lay siege to Camelot, seeking to establish the dominance of magic-wielding mages over humankind. Uther Pendragon, king of the Britons, infiltrates Mordred's lair and beheads him, saving Camelot. Uther's treacherous brother Vortigern, who covets the throne, orchestrates a coup and sacrifices his wife Elsa to moat hags to become a demon knight, who kills Uther's wife and slays him in combat. The only survivor is Uther's son, who drifts away in a boat and ends up in Londinium, where he is found and raised by prostitutes.

text: Arthur grows into a skilled fighter and man of the streets. Arthur and his friends confront a group of Vikings who had mistreated one of the prostitutes, forcing him to pay her restitution. Afterwards, the brothel is raided by the Blacklegs, Vortigern's minions, and Arthur learns that the Vikings were under the king's protection. Arthur tries to escape the city but is caught and put on a ship with hundreds of other men; the Blacklegs have been forcing all men of Arthur's age to try to pull a sword that has appeared near the castle from the surrounding stone. Arthur is able to remove the sword but is quickly overwhelmed by its power and passes out. Vortigern meets with him in the dungeon, revealing his true lineage.

text: Meanwhile, a mage identifying herself as an acolyte of Merlin presents herself to Uther's former general, Sir Bedivere. At Arthur's planned execution, the mage uses her magic to stage a diversion while Bedivere's men rescue Arthur. Taken to Bedivere's hideout, Arthur initially refuses to help them. The mage persuades Bedivere to take Arthur to a realm called the "Darklands," where he's given a vision of how Uther sacrificed himself to save Arthur and entomb the sword in stone. Arthur learns Vortigern was responsible for persuading Mordred to rebel against humanity, and he returns determined to destroy Vortigern.

text: With his friends and Bedivere's men, Arthur stages a series of ambushes against Vortigern, culminating in an assassination attempt in Londinium. The rebels sense a trap but attack anyway, fleeing to a fighters' school run by Arthur's mentor George, where they are overrun by the Blacklegs. Seeing the mage held at knifepoint, Arthur unleashes Excalibur's potential, single-handedly killing all of the soldiers. The rebels are able to escape the city except for Arthur's injured friend Back Lack, who is killed at Vortigern's hand.

text: Ashamed of his failures, Arthur tries to throw away the sword, but the Lady of the Lake returns it and shows him a vision of England's future under Vortigern's rule. Coming to terms with his responsibility, Arthur reunites with Bedivere. When they return to the rebel hideout, however, they discover all of their allies dead, Vortigern having found them and delivered an ultimatum: if Arthur does not surrender himself, the captured mage and Back Lack's son Blue will die.

text: Arthur surrenders himself, but as Vortigern is about to execute his nephew, a giant snake summoned by the mage attacks and devours Vortigern's men. While Bedivere and the others lead an attack on the castle, a desperate Vortigern sacrifices his only daughter and is transformed into the demon knight, confronting Arthur in a separate dimension. Despite his fighting skill, Arthur is beaten, and he is about to submit when he witnesses a vision of his father, convincing him to accept the sword and his character as his own. Arthur violently slays Vortigern but blesses him as he dies.

text: In the aftermath, Arthur dissolves Vortigern's pact with the Vikings and begins building a Round Table where his knighted friends will meet. Blue and the prostitutes arrive with the crown of Uther, which Arthur accepts, holding the sword aloft.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Charlie Hunnam as King Arthur, Uther's son, Vortigern's nephew and the would-be king of Britain who was raised by prostitutes.
Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey as the Mage, a woman working for Merlin who supports Arthur and the resistance.
Djimon Hounsou as Sir Bedivere, the leader of the resistance and a former knight of Uther.
Aidan Gillen as Goosefat Bill, a skilled archer, Bedivere's friend, former knight of Uther and member of the resistance.
Jude Law as Vortigern, Uther's brother, Elsa's husband, Catia's father, Arthur's uncle and the tyrannical ruthless king of Britain.
Eric Bana as Uther Pendragon, Vortigern's brother, Arthur's father and the king of Britain.
Kingsley Ben-Adir as Sir Tristan "Wet Stick", Arthur and Back Lack's childhood friend who is later knighted by Bedivere.
Craig McGinlay as Sir Percival, a member of the resistance who is later turned knighted by Bedivere.
Tom Wu as Sir George, Arthur's mentor and a skilled fighter who helps the resistance and is later knighted by Bedivere.
Neil Maskell as Back Lack, Arthur and Tristan's childhood friend and Blue's father, who helps the resistance.
Freddie Fox as Rubio, a member of the resistance who later betrays them under torture and helps Vortigern.
Annabelle Wallis as Maggie, Vortigern's maid who helps the resistance.
Bleu Landau as Blue, Back Lack's son.
Mikael Persbrandt as Greybeard, a viking who has deals with Vortigern.
Poppy Delevingne as Igraine, Arthur's mother and Uther's wife: she is killed by Vortigern in the beginning of the film.
Zac Barker as Young Arthur 2 yrs.
Oliver Barker as Young Arthur 2 yrs.

tag: ul

text: Kamil Lemieszewski, Jacqui Ainsley and Rob Knighton portrays Merlin, the Lady of the Lake and Mordred, three important characters from the Arthurian Mythology, respectively. Katie McGrath and Millie Brady portrays Vortigern's wife, Elsa, and daughter, Catia, respectively. David Beckham appears in a cameo. Lorraine Bruce, Eline Powell and Hermione Corfield appears as the three Syrens. Michael McElhatton portrays Jack's Eye, Arthur's scout on the kingdom. Nicola Wren portrays Lucy, the prostitute who raises Arthur.

text: Production[edit]

text: After 2004's King Arthur, Warner Brothers made multiple attempts to make a new film based on Arthurian legend: One was to be a remake of Excalibur, helmed by Bryan Singer, while the other was a movie to have been titled Arthur & Lancelot, which would have starred Kit Harington and Joel Kinnaman, as King Arthur and Lancelot respectively.[8] Warner Brothers suits worried that names were not big enough, and attempted to replace both actors with more profitable ones, before eventually dropping the project all together.[8]

text: Warner's next attempt to create a new King Arthur film was an attempt to create an Arthurian cinematic universe which would span six films, following different characters before their eventual team up.[8] For this endeavour they hired director Guy Ritchie, who has himself attempted to make a King Arthur movie prior to that. According to The Guardian, the script soon became "a strange Frankenstein's Monster-style screenplay" incorporating elements from several of the unproduced Arthurian scripts.[8]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In August 2014, Charlie Hunnam, Ritchie's choice for the role, was cast to play King Arthur.[9] Elizabeth Olsen was in talks for the female lead,[10] but on 18 September, Àstrid Bergès-Frisbey landed the role instead.[11] On 14 November, Jude Law was in talks to play the lead villain role in the film.[12] On 11 February 2015, Eric Bana was added to the cast to play Uther, the father of King Arthur.[13] Mikael Persbrandt joined the film on 6 March 2015, to play a villainous role.[14] Although there were reports Idris Elba had been cast, he would confirm, in a Reddit AMA, this was a rumour.[15][16]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Filming in Windsor Great Park was underway in February 2015,[17] then later in North Wales from 2 March 2015.[18] Later on 10 March 2015, Ritchie tweeted a photo and confirmed the first day of shooting.[citation needed] In April 2015, filming took place in Snowdonia, where locations used were Tryfan, Nant Gwynant near Beddgelert and Capel Curig.[19] Early in July filming continued in the Shieldaig, Loch Torridon and Applecross areas of Wester Ross in the Scottish Highlands. One day of filming also took place at The Quiraing on the Isle of Skye. Filming also took place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden.

text: Release[edit]

text: In April 2014, Warner Bros. set the film for a July 22, 2016 release, alongside Lights Out, but it was then moved by Warner Bros. from its original release date of July 22, 2016 to February 17, 2017, alongside Maze Runner: The Death Cure.[20] Warner Bros. moved the release date from February 17, 2017 to March 24, 2017.[21] The title was changed to King Arthur: Legend of the Sword in July 2016.[22] In December 2016 the release date was again moved, this time to May 12, 2017, possibly so as not to compete with CHiPs.[23][24]

text: Promotion[edit]

text: The trailer was released on 23 July 2016, during the 2016 San Diego Comic-Con and was attached to screenings of Mechanic: Resurrection, Don't Breathe, Shut In, and Fantastic Beasts and Where to Find Them.

text: It was originally planned for an IMAX release on 22 July 2016, as evident in the Comic-Con trailer,[25] but was cancelled due to it being postponed and only received non-IMAX presentations. The first extended TV spot was released on 22 January 2017, and was shown on the 2017 NFC Championship Game on Fox Broadcasting Company between the Atlanta Falcons and the Green Bay Packers and the 2017 AFC Championship Game on CBS between the Pittsburgh Steelers and the New England Patriots.

text: A second trailer was released on 20 February 2017 and was attached to Logan, Kong: Skull Island, Power Rangers and Ghost in the Shell. The third and final trailer was released on 1 April 2017 and was attached to The Fate of the Furious, The Lost City of Z (which also starred Hunnam) and Free Fire. All-in-all, Warner Bros. spent $135 million on marketing the film.[7]

text: The film was shown at select AMC Theatres in a special preview on 27 April 2017, in a promotional event titled "King for a Day." Demand for tickets led AMC to expand the event to 200 theatres.[26]

text: Home media[edit]

text: King Arthur: Legend of the Sword was released on DVD, Blu-ray, 3D Blu-ray and Ultra HD on 8 August 2017.[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: King Arthur: Legend of the Sword grossed $39.2 million in the United States and Canada and $107 million in other territories for a worldwide total of $146.2 million, against a production budget of $175 million.[5]

text: In North America, the film was released alongside Snatched and was initially projected to gross around $25 million from 3,702 theatres during its opening weekend.[4] It made $1.15 million from Thursday night previews at about 3,200 theatres, but after making just $5.3 million on Friday, weekend projections were lowered to $15 million.[28] It ended up debuting to $15.4 million, finishing third at the box office. Deadline.com noted that due to the film's $175 million production budget, as well as at least an additional $100 million spent on marketing, the film was destined to be a box office bomb.[29] Regarding the cost of the film, the site quoted one finance expert as saying: "Make original IP [intellectual property] for a cost effective price. If it works then spend more if necessary on the sequel. King Arthur should have been done for $60M-$80M. Warner Bros. had no reason to spend $175M-plus on this picture."[7] Comparing its opening to cost, IndieWire called the film's failings "historic".[30] The Hollywood Reporter noted that the film would likely lose about $150 million.[31] In its second weekend the film grossed $7.2 million (a drop of 53.5%), finishing 5th at the box office.[32]

text: The film debuted at No. 1 in an estimated 29 countries, including Russia and Scandinavia, with openings to follow in the United Kingdom, France, South Korea, and Australia.[33] Over its opening weekend, it made only $29.1 million worldwide, in 51 non-American countries.[34]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 28% based on 217 reviews and an average rating of 4.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "King Arthur: Legend of the Sword piles mounds of modern action flash on an age-old tale – and wipes out much of what made it a classic story in the first place."[35] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating, the film has a score 41 out of 100 based 45 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[36] On CinemaScore, audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale; 56% of the opening weekend filmgoers were under the age of 35, and 59% were men.[7]

text: Writing for The Guardian, Peter Bradshaw gave the film a generally positive review: "Guy Ritchie’s cheerfully ridiculous Arthur is a gonzo monarch, a death-metal warrior-king. Ritchie’s film is at all times over the top, crashing around its digital landscapes in all manner of beserkness, sometimes whooshing along, sometimes stuck in the odd narrative doldrum. But it is often surprisingly entertaining, and whatever clunkers he has delivered in the past, Ritchie again shows that a film-maker of his craft and energy commands attention, and part of his confidence in reviving King Arthur resides here in being so unselfconscious and unconcerned about the student canon that has gone before."[37]

text: In a pan of the film for the Chicago Tribune, Michael Phillips questioned the long-term longevity of the projected series of six Arthur films from Ritchie: "I'm no businessman, but plans for a six-film franchise may be optimistic. Optimism is nowhere to be found in Ritchie's movie itself. It is a grim and stupid thing, from one of the world's most successful mediocre filmmakers, and if Shakespeare's King Lear were blogging today, he'd supply the blurb quote: 'Nothing will come of nothing.'."[38] Matt Zoller Seitz of RogerEbert.com gave the film one-and-a-half out of four stars, stating that despite the potential for a revisionist King Arthur story with "[t]he Ritchie sense of style", the overall problem is the film's lack of modulation: "Ritchie keeps rushing us along for two hours, as if to make absolutely certain that we never have time to absorb any character or moment, much less revel in the glorious, cheeky ridiculousness of the whole thing."[39]

text: Alissa Wilkinson of Vox writes that the film is "surprisingly good, and surprisingly political" in relation to the British withdrawal from the European Union, and "occasionally, it's even pretty great".[40]


document_title: List of Buffalo Sabres seasons

question_text: when was the last time buffalo sabres made the playoffs

text: List of Buffalo Sabres seasons

text: This is a list of seasons completed by the Buffalo Sabres of the National Hockey League. This list documents the records and playoff results for all seasons the Sabres have completed in the NHL since their inception in 1970.

text:
Stanley Cup Champions
Conference Champions
Division Champions
League Leader

text: Note: GP = Games played, W = Wins, L = Losses, T = Ties, OTL = Overtime Losses, Pts = Points, GF = Goals for, GA = Goals against, PIM = Penalties in minutes

text:
NHL season
Team season
GP
W
L
T
OTL
Pts
GF
GA
PIM
Finish
Playoffs

1970–71
1970–71
78
24
39
15
—
63
217
291
1188
5th, Eastern
Did not qualify

1971–72
1971–72
78
16
43
19
—
51
203
289
831
6th, Eastern
Did not qualify

1972–73
1972–73
78
37
27
14
—
88
257
219
940
4th, Eastern
Lost in Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Canadiens)

1973–74
1973–74
78
32
34
12
—
76
242
250
787
5th, Eastern
Did not qualify

1974–75
1974–75
80
49
16
15
—
113
354
240
1229
1st, Adams
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–1 (Blackhawks)
Won in Semifinals, 4–2 (Canadiens)
Lost in Finals, 2–4 (Flyers)

1975–76
1975–76
80
46
21
13
—
105
339
240
943
2nd, Adams
Won in Preliminary Round, 2–1 (Blues)
Lost in Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Islanders)

1976–77
1976–77
80
48
24
8
—
104
301
220
848
2nd, Adams
Won in Preliminary Round, 2–0 (North Stars)
Lost in Quarterfinals, 0–4 (Islanders)

1977–78
1977–78
80
44
19
17
—
105
288
215
800
2nd, Adams
Won in Preliminary Round, 2–1 (Rangers)
Lost in Quarterfinals, 1–4 (Flyers)

1978–79
1978–79
80
36
28
16
—
88
280
263
1026
2nd, Adams
Lost in Preliminary Round, 1–2 (Penguins)

1979–80
1979–80
80
47
17
16
—
110
318
201
967
1st, Adams
Won in Preliminary Round, 3–1 (Canucks)
Won in Quarterfinals, 4–0 (Blackhawks)
Lost in Semifinals, 1–4 (Islanders)

1980–81
1980–81
80
39
20
21
—
99
327
250
1194
1st, Adams
Won in Preliminary Round, 3–0 (Canucks)
Lost in Quarterfinals, 1–4 (North Stars)

1981–82
1981–82
80
39
26
15
—
93
307
273
1425
3rd, Adams
Lost in Division Semifinals, 1–3 (Bruins)

1982–83
1982–83
80
38
29
13
—
89
318
285
1031
3rd, Adams
Won in Division Semifinals, 3–0 (Canadiens)
Lost in Division Finals, 3–4 (Bruins)

1983–84
1983–84
80
48
25
7
—
103
315
257
1190
2nd, Adams
Lost in Division Semifinals, 0–3 (Nordiques)

1984–85
1984–85
80
38
28
14
—
90
290
237
1221
3rd, Adams
Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–3 (Nordiques)

1985–86
1985–86
80
37
37
6
—
80
296
291
1608
5th, Adams
Did not qualify

1986–87
1986–87
80
28
44
8
—
64
280
308
1810
5th, Adams
Did not qualify

1987–88
1987–88
80
37
32
11
—
85
283
305
2277
3rd, Adams
Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–4 (Bruins)

1988–89
1988–89
80
38
35
7
—
83
291
299
2034
3rd, Adams
Lost in Division Semifinals, 1–4 (Bruins)

1989–90
1989–90
80
45
27
8
—
98
286
248
1449
2nd, Adams
Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–4 (Canadiens)

1990–91
1990–91
80
31
30
19
—
81
292
278
1733
3rd, Adams
Lost in Division Semifinals, 2–4 (Canadiens)

1991–92
1991–92
80
31
37
12
—
74
289
299
2713
3rd, Adams
Lost in Division Semifinals, 3–4 (Bruins)

1992–93
1992–93
84
38
36
10
—
86
335
297
1873
4th, Adams
Won in Division Semifinals, 4–0 (Bruins)
Lost in Division Finals, 0–4 (Canadiens)

1993–94
1993–94
84
43
32
9
—
95
282
218
1760
4th, Northeast
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Devils)

1994–951
1994–95
48
22
19
7
—
51
130
119
1022
4th, Northeast
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 1–4 (Flyers)

1995–96
1995–96
82
33
42
7
—
73
247
262
2195
5th, Northeast
Did not qualify

1996–97
1996–97
82
40
30
12
—
92
237
208
1840
1st, Northeast
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–3 (Senators)
Lost in Conference Semifinals, 1–4 (Flyers)

1997–98
1997–98
82
36
29
17
—
89
211
187
1768
3rd, Northeast
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–1 (Flyers)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–0 (Canadiens)
Lost in Conference Finals, 2–4 (Capitals)

1998–99
1998–99
82
37
28
17
—
91
207
175
1561
4th, Northeast
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–0 (Senators)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–2 (Bruins)
Won in Conference Finals, 4–1 (Maple Leafs)
Lost in Finals, 2–4 (Stars)

1999–2000
1999–2000
82
35
32
11
4
85
213
204
1173
3rd, Northeast
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 1–4 (Flyers)

2000–01
2000–01
82
46
30
5
1
98
218
184
1249
2nd, Northeast
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–2 (Flyers)
Lost in Conference Semifinals, 3–4 (Penguins)

2001–02
2001–02
82
35
35
11
1
82
213
200
1217
5th, Northeast
Did not qualify

2002–03
2002–03
82
27
37
10
8
72
190
219
1276
5th, Northeast
Did not qualify

2003–04
2003–04
82
37
34
7
4
85
220
221
1289
5th, Northeast
Did not qualify

2004–05
2004–05
Season cancelled due to 2004–05 NHL lockout

2005–06
2005–06
82
52
24
—
6
110
281
239
1144
2nd, Northeast
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–2 (Flyers)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–1 (Senators)
Lost in Conference Finals, 3–4 (Hurricanes)

2006–07
2006–07
82
53
22
—
7
113
308
242
1177
1st, Northeast
Won in Conference Quarterfinals, 4–1 (Islanders)
Won in Conference Semifinals, 4–2 (Rangers)
Lost in Conference Finals, 1–4 (Senators)

2007–08
2007–08
82
39
31
—
12
90
255
242
1040
4th, Northeast
Did not qualify

2008–09
2008–09
82
41
32
—
9
91
250
234
1146
3rd, Northeast
Did not qualify

2009–10
2009–10
82
45
27
—
10
100
235
207
908
1st, Northeast
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 2–4 (Bruins)

2010–11
2010–11
82
43
29
—
10
96
245
229
958
3rd, Northeast
Lost in Conference Quarterfinals, 3–4 (Flyers)

2011–12
2011–12
82
39
32
—
11
89
218
230
904
3rd, Northeast
Did not qualify

2012–13
2012–13
48
21
21
—
6
48
125
143
630
5th, Northeast
Did not qualify

2013–14
2013–14
82
21
51
—
10
52
157
248
903
8th, Atlantic
Did not qualify

2014–15
2014–15
82
23
51
—
8
54
161
274
853
8th, Atlantic
Did not qualify

2015–16
2015–16
82
35
36
—
11
81
201
222
713
7th, Atlantic
Did not qualify

2016–17
2016–17
82
33
37
—
12
78
201
237
-
8th, Atlantic
Did not qualify

2017–18
2017–18
82
25
45
—
12
62
199
280
-
8th, Atlantic
Did not qualify

Totals
—
3445
1614
1321
409
101
3738
11191
10399
56521

All-time Series Record: 21–29

text: Note: Between 1974–75 and 1980–81, Conference championships were awarded to the team that finished first overall in their respective conference in the regular season.


document_title: Gorilla (advertisement)

question_text: who played the gorilla in the cadbury advert

text: Gorilla (advertisement)

text: Description[edit]

text: The ad consists of a simple, 90-second tracking shot across a music studio, with Phil Collins' "In the Air Tonight" playing in the background. A large gorilla sitting at a drum kit plays along with the song's famous drum fill.

text: Background[edit]

text: Gorilla formed a major part of the pitch by Fallon London to secure the contract with Cadbury Schweppes in 2006. Their proposal was to step away from pushing the product through traditional advertising means, and instead produce "entertainment pieces" which would appeal to a broader range of consumers and spread through viral marketing – that is, through word of mouth.[3] To this end, Cadbury ended its ten-year sponsorship of the popular soap Coronation Street.[4]

text: Public perception of the Cadbury brand had slipped through 2006-7 after a series of public relations blunders and product recalls. In mid-2006, a number of Cadbury lines were found to contain salmonella bacteria, originating from a leaking pipe at the company's factory in Marlbrook. The incident was widely reported in the media, and had a number of knock-on effects: 40 people became ill,[5] and a product recall costing £20 million was initiated.[6] The failure of Cadbury to inform the Food Standards Agency for five months after the problem was discovered resulted in a £1 million fine from Birmingham's Crown Court,[5][7] and the Food Standards Agency advised the company to improve their "out of date" contamination testing procedures.[8]

text: Other public relations blunders in the run-up to the campaign included the distribution of a number of Easter eggs containing traces of nuts without nut allergy warnings,[7] a £5 million campaign for Trident chewing gum which was cancelled after complaints that it was offensive,[3] and the temporary closure of Granary Burying Ground, a historic cemetery near Boston, United States, as a result of a treasure hunt organised as a sales promotion.[9] In mid-2007, Cadbury announced that it would be cutting around 7,500 jobs.[10] An internal memo which later leaked revealed that many of the jobs would be moved to Poland, causing an outcry from the manufacturers' trade unions.[11][12]

text: Production[edit]

text: It was hoped that the new campaign would serve to boost sales within the UK and prompt higher brand engagement from the public. Much effort was put into making the first advertisement of the new marketing strategy a hit. The creative idea was "founded upon the notion that all communications should be as effortlessly enjoyable as eating the bar itself."[13] Argentine-born Fallon creative director Juan Cabral, who had created the immensely successful Balls and Paint spots for Sony's BRAVIA line of high-definition television sets, wrote and directed the piece, acting as creative director, art director, copywriter and director. It marked his directorial debut. Other people involved in the campaign at Fallon included senior planner Tamsin Davies, account executive Chris Willingham, executive creative director Richard Flintham, and agency producer Nicky Barnes. Matthew Fone was the production company producer. Actor Garon Michael was hired to fill the central role for his previous work in similar roles, having played great apes in the feature films Congo, Instinct and the 2001 remake of Planet of the Apes.[14]

text: It took three months to produce, though pieces had been used in a large number of other projects prior to Gorilla. The "fur" of the suit is composed of knotted yak hairs. The exposed facial features are silicone, and are moved animatronically, through 27 remote-controlled motors and several levers. Two technicians were needed, in addition to the actor inside the suit, to produce the range of motions displayed in the commercial. The suit was cooled by ice-water tubing and a handheld fan pointed at the mouth between takes. While much of the suit had existed prior to the project, several adaptations were made, including custom-made hands for the drum sequence, foam muscle around the chest and shoulders, a new styling for the pelt, and the addition of a gold tooth, grey hairs, and a studio earpiece to give a more "wizened rock star" appearance.[15]

text: Shooting took place over several days at Music Bank, the famous rehearsal studios in London. Actor Michael spent forty hours practising the drumming beforehand, but with vision inside the suit limited to a camera feed piped to a small screen inside the head, precision was almost impossible. Many takes ended with the wooden drum sticks broken against the rims, sending shards of wood flying off-camera. This, combined with the difficulty of choreographing the delicate movements of the gorilla head with Michael's acting, meant that 35 takes were required to produce the final 90-second scene.[15]

text: The spot was lensed by director of photography Daniel Bronks, and edited by Jo Guest at Final Cut, London. Post production was handled by London companies The Moving Picture Company (main body, producer Graham Bird) and Golden Square (end frame, producer Jessica Mankowitz). Sound was designed and arranged by Parv Thind at Wave Studios, London.

text: Release and marketing[edit]

text: The television premiere of the advertisement was on Friday 31 August 2007, during the finale of the eighth series of the United Kingdom reality television show Big Brother, watched by around 14% of British viewers. Additional 90-second spots were commissioned through September, switching to 10-second cuts in October.[1] The 90-second version was rebroadcast as the final commercial in the break before the final of the 2007 Rugby World Cup between England and South Africa on 20 October, with the face of the bass drum emblazoned with an English flag and the slogan "Bring It Home". Another variant of the advert was broadcast a week earlier before the semi-final of the 2007 Rugby World Cup between England and France on 13 October, with the face of the bass drum emblazoned with an English flag and the slogan "Come On Lads". The spot cost Cadbury an estimated £700,000.[16]

text: Billboard and print campaigns were set up to run alongside the television commercial, and a sponsorship deal with the "Great Gorilla Run" charity fun run through London on 23 September 2007 was set up through Sputnik Communications.[17] An online presence was established with a competition on the Glass and a Half Full Productions website offering tickets to Las Vegas.[18] The Glass and a Half Full Productions website was created by Hyper as part of a UK-focussed digital marketing strategy.

text: Following the positive reception of the commercial in the United Kingdom and online, Cadbury Canada arranged to show the advertisements in 850 cinemas across Canada throughout November 2007. Further online tie-ins were launched, including an online game and a competition to win a gorilla suit, a purple drum kit and a year's supply of bananas and Cadbury chocolate bars.[19]

text: The advertisement premiered on New Zealand television on Monday, 30 June 2008. The advertisement also helped "In the Air Tonight" re-enter the New Zealand RIANZ Singles Chart at number three in July 2008 and went on to number one the following week, beating its original 1981 #6 peak.

text: In August 2008, the ad commenced airing on Australian television. It was also re-released in the United Kingdom and Ireland with a new backing track (Bonnie Tyler's "Total Eclipse of the Heart". According to UK newspaper The Guardian "The new version pays homage to the internet mash-up artist who remixed the original with Tyler's Total Eclipse of the Heart"

text: In July 2009, the Cadbury World visitor attraction in Birmingham opened a new area, Advertising Avenue.  Towards the end of the attraction, in the Music Shop, a chocolate DJ ('D.J. Choc') invites guests to enjoy four selected clips of favourite Cadbury TV adverts - three of these are broadcast on flatscreen monitors, culminating with the lights in a previously-un-noticed drum booth coming on, with a full-sized anamatronic gorilla drumming to In the Air Tonight.

text: Reception[edit]

text: The campaign was well received by the British public. The commercial was uploaded to video sharing website YouTube shortly after it first aired, and was viewed over 500,000 times in the first week. As of November 2007, it has been viewed over six million times across a large number of video sharing webhosts.[20][21] 70 Facebook groups appreciating the ad have been set up,[20] with one, named "We love the Cadbury's drumming gorilla", boasting 200 members.[2] A number of spoofs and parodies were quickly uploaded by amateurs with the tacit approval of Cadbury,[22] and the British branch of Wonderbra created and uploaded their own, Dan Cadan-directed version of the advertisement, replacing the gorilla with Wonderbra model (and musician) Jentina[23][24] with the Cadbury strapline "A glass and half full of joy" being replaced with "Two cups full of joy." While Cadbury tacitly permitted limited display and modification of the commercial without authorisation,[22] the Wonderbra spot was later removed from YouTube following notification from Phil Collins Limited that the piece infringed their copyright to "In The Air Tonight."[25] Gorilla was further parodied as an introduction to the second half of the 2007 Children in Need special, with an actor dressed as Pudsey Bear taking the central role.[26]  British comedy series The Mighty Boosh features a drumming gorilla named Bollo, played by Dave Brown, and the actor appeared as Bollo in a viral video [27] auditioning for the Cadbury advert to promote the third series of the show.  This video was later included as an easter egg on the DVD release of series three.

text: There was much speculation when the advert first appeared on how it was made – whether the gorilla was real, animatronic, or a man in a suit. Many believed that Phil Collins himself was the drummer. When asked about Gorilla, Collins jokingly commented that "Not only is he a better drummer than me, he also has more hair. Can he sing too?"[20][28] "In the Air Tonight" became a popular online download following its appearance in the commercial, reaching a chart position of 14 within the UK Singles Chart despite not being given a physical re-release, and becoming the third-most-downloaded track of the day on the iTunes Store.[20]

text: Despite reservations that the campaign might prove too abstract and have little effect, Cadbury reported that sales of Dairy Milk had increased 9% from the same period in 2006. Measurements of public perception of the brand carried out by market research firm YouGov showed that 20% more people looked favourably on the brand in the period after the advert's general release than in the previous period.[29] Spokesmen for the company have expressed amazement at the success of the campaign.[2][22] Notwithstanding the fact that the spot was originally only broadcast online and within the United Kingdom, the commercial appeared in the news in many English-speaking countries such as Canada and Australia, and plans were made for limited expansion of the campaign into these markets.[19][22]  From 23 June 2008,[30] Gorilla was also broadcast in New Zealand with further marketing both on the Cadbury NZ website,[31] and in shopping centres and supermarkets, with models and men in gorilla suits handing out samples of Dairy Milk chocolate.

text: The advertisement has won numerous awards, including the Epica d’Or for Film 2007, the Grand Cristal at Festival de la Publicité de Méribel, Gold at the British Television Advertising Awards 2008, Gold at the Advertising Creative Circle Awards 2008, Gold at the International ANDY Awards, Black and Yellow Pencils at the D&AD Awards 2008, Gold at the Clio Awards 2008, Bronze at the One Show 2008, the FAB Award 2008, Gold at the Fair Go Ad Awards 2008, and the Film Grand Prix Lion at Cannes Lions 2008, widely considered the most prestigious prize within the advertising community.

text: VH1 Classic UK also made an ident which shows a man play "In The Air Tonight", and when the famous drum solo comes on, he holds a pair of drumsticks and bangs the pillows in front of him in the tune of the drum solo.

text: Sequels and remixes[edit]

text: In September 2007, an extended mix of the advertisement was uploaded to YouTube. It featured the original 90sec advertisement, but with the video playing in a loop against the backtracking of the full-length version of Phil Collins' "In the Air Tonight".

text: On 30 March 2008, Cadbury began rolling out the sequel to the Gorilla campaign. Using many of the same ideas, Airport Trucks, again written and directed by Juan Cabral, features heavily customised airport ground support equipment racing at night to Queen's "Don't Stop Me Now".[32]

text: On 5 September 2008, a second Gorilla advertisement, featuring Bonnie Tyler's "Total Eclipse of the Heart", was broadcast on Channel 4 during the Big Brother 9 final. The new version paid homage to the internet mash-up artist who remixed the original with Tyler's "Total Eclipse of the Heart". This advert was immediately followed by a version of Airport Trucks with Bon Jovi's "Livin' on a Prayer".[33] In mid March 2009, a version of the advert was shown in Australia, with the gorilla playing the drums along to John Farnham's "You're the Voice". This version of the ad was heavily criticised by the Australian public because it was seen as an inferior copy of the original and tried to make use of a potential resurgence of John Farnham due to the singer being mentioned in Cold Play concerts at the time.[citation needed]

text: In January 2009, a new advert for Cadbury Dairy Milk was launched featuring dancing eyebrows.

text: September 2009, saw the move to Fairtrade cocoa beans in Cadbury's Dairy Milk, and a new record label based on Gorilla's campaign ("A Glass and a Half") saw the advert/song Zingolo.