document_title: List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins

question_text: who has won the most tournaments in golf

text: List of golfers with most PGA Tour wins

text: This is a list of golfers who have won five or more official (or later deemed as historically significant) money events on the PGA Tour[1][2]

text: The distinction between these two categories is important to understand as many players won important events early in the 20th century, well before a PGA Tour was officially established. The significance of many of these events was retrospectively established by golf historians, working together with PGA Tour staff, in the 1980s, during the course of a major statistical research project.[3]

text: The column for Major refers to so-called "Professional Majors". The U.S. Amateur and the British Amateur were also considered to be majors for much of their history, but these championships are not considered here. Players under 50 years of age are shown in bold. During the last 30 years, only three players have won PGA Tour events after their 50th birthday. A golfer becomes eligible to compete on PGA Tour Champions, against other older players, at that age. Craig Stadler won in 2003 at age 50, Fred Funk won in 2007 at age 50, and Davis Love III won in 2015 at age 51. Sam Snead is the oldest to win a PGA event, at age 52, in 1965. Others who have won PGA Tour events past age 50 include Jim Barnes, John Barnum, and Art Wall, Jr. The rarity of golfers winning a non-senior event at that age is not restricted to the PGA Tour; Miguel Ángel Jiménez is the only golfer to win a European Tour event after turning 50, doing so in 2014.

text: Accumulating 20 wins is significant, because it is one of the requirements for "life membership" on the PGA Tour. This means that the golfer does not need to requalify for membership on the tour each year by finishing in the top 125 on the money list (starting in 2013, top 125 on the FedEx Cup points list), or through an exemption for tournament victories. Many golfers struggle to do this through their 40s, and go through a hiatus in their career before they qualify for the Champions Tour, but those with 20 wins avoid this problem. However, life members are required to maintain a certain (relatively modest) standard of play to retain their playing privileges: when they can no longer do so, they are moved into the "Past champions" membership category, effectively becoming honorary members.

text: Some of the players on this list have won numerous events on other tours, in particular many of the non-Americans. Seve Ballesteros, for example, is shown with only nine PGA Tour wins, but five of them majors. He won an additional 45 European Tour events. A substantial number of players born from approximately 1930 to 1960 have won many PGA Tour Champions events, with some having significantly more wins on the senior circuit than on the regular PGA Tour (notably Hale Irwin and Gil Morgan).

text: The PGA Tour recognized The Open Championship as an official tour event in 1995. In 2002, it decided to classify Open Championship victories before 1995 as PGA Tour wins, and the victory tallies in the table reflect this amendment. Members of the World Golf Hall of Fame are indicated by H.

text: Players with the same number of wins are listed alphabetically. The list is complete as of April 8, 2018.

text:
Rank
Name
Year of birth
and death
Country
Wins
Majors
Winning
span
Span
(years)

1
Snead, SamSam Snead H
1912–2002
 United States
82
7
1936–1965
30

2
Tiger Woods
1975–
 United States
79
14
1996–2013
18

3
Jack Nicklaus H
1940–
 United States
73
18
1962–1986
25

4
Ben Hogan H
1912–1997
 United States
64
9
1938–1959
22

5
Arnold Palmer H
1929–2016
 United States
62
7
1955–1973
19

6
Byron Nelson H
1912–2006
 United States
52
5
1935–1951
17

7
Billy Casper H
1931–2015
 United States
51
3
1956–1975
20

8
Walter Hagen H
1892–1969
 United States
45
11
1914–1936
23

9
Phil Mickelson H
1970–
 United States
43
5
1991–2018
28

10
Cary Middlecoff H
1921–1998
 United States
40
3
1945–1961
17

11
Gene Sarazen H
1902–1999
 United States
39
7
1922–1941
20

Tom Watson H
1949–
 United States
39
8
1974–1998
25

13
Lloyd Mangrum H
1914–1973
 United States
36
1
1940–1956
17

14
Vijay Singh H
1963–
 Fiji
34
3
1993–2008
16

15
Horton Smith H
1908–1963
 United States
32
2
1928–1941
14

16
Harry Cooper H
1904–2000
 United States
31
0
1923–1939
17

Jimmy Demaret H
1910–1983
 United States
31
3
1938–1957
20

18
Leo Diegel H
1899–1951
 United States
30
2
1920–1934
15

19
Gene Littler H
1930–
 United States
29
1
1954–1977
24

Paul Runyan H
1908–2002
 United States
29
2
1930–1941
12

Lee Trevino H
1939–
 United States
29
6
1968–1984
17

22
Henry Picard H
1906–1997
 United States
26
2
1932–1945
14

23
Tommy Armour H
1894–1968
 Scotland
 United States
25
3
1920–1938
19

Johnny Miller H
1947–
 United States
25
2
1971–1994
24

25
Gary Player H
1935–
 South Africa
24
9
1958–1978
21

Macdonald Smith
1892–1949
 Scotland
 United States
24
0
1924–1936
13

27
Johnny Farrell
1901–1988
 United States
22
1
1921–1936
16

Raymond Floyd H
1942–
 United States
22
4
1963–1992
30

29
Jim Barnes H
1886–1966
 England
21
4
1916–1937
22

Davis Love III H
1964–
 United States
21
1
1987–2015
29

Willie Macfarlane
1890–1961
 Scotland
 United States
21
1
1916–1936
21

Lanny Wadkins H
1949–
 United States
21
1
1972–1992
21

Craig Wood H
1901–1968
 United States
21
2
1928–1944
17

34
Hale Irwin H
1945–
 United States
20
3
1971–1994
24

Bill Mehlhorn
1898–1989
 United States
20
0
1923–1930
8

Greg Norman H
1955–
 Australia
20
2
1984–1997
14

Doug Sanders
1933–
 United States
20
0
1956–1972
17

38
Ben Crenshaw H
1952–
 United States
19
2
1973–1995
23

Ernie Els H
1969–
 South Africa
19
4
1994–2012
19

Doug Ford H
1922–
 United States
19
2
1952–1963
12

Hubert Green H
1946–
 United States
19
2
1971–1985
15

Tom Kite H
1949–
 United States
19
1
1976–1993
18

43
Julius Boros H
1920–1994
 United States
18
3
1952–1968
17

Jim Ferrier
1915–1986
 Australia
18
1
1944–1961
18

E.J. "Dutch" Harrison
1910–1982
 United States
18
0
1939–1958
20

Nick Price H
1957–
 Zimbabwe
18
3
1983–2002
20

Johnny Revolta
1911–1991
 United States
18
1
1933–1944
12

48
Bobby Cruickshank
1894–1975
 Scotland
17
0
1921–1936
16

Jim Furyk
1970–
 United States
17
1
1995–2015
21

Dustin Johnson
1984–
 United States
17
1
2008–2018
11

Harold "Jug" McSpaden
1908–1996
 United States
17
0
1933–1945
13

Curtis Strange H
1955–
 United States
17
2
1979–1989
11

53
Jack Burke, Jr. H
1923–
 United States
16
2
1950–1963
14

Ralph Guldahl H
1911–1987
 United States
16
3
1931–1940
10

Mark O'Meara H
1957–
 United States
16
2
1984–1998
15

Denny Shute H
1904–1974
 United States
16
3
1929–1939
11

Tom Weiskopf
1942–
 United States
16
1
1968–1982
15

58
Tommy Bolt H
1916–2008
 United States
15
1
1951–1961
11

Fred Couples H
1959–
 United States
15
1
1983–2003
21

Ed Dudley
1901–1963
 United States
15
0
1928–1939
12

Bobby Locke H
1917–1987
 South Africa
15
4
1947–1957
11

Corey Pavin
1959–
 United States
15
1
1984–2006
23

Mike Souchak
1927–2008
 United States
15
0
1955–1964
10

64
Bruce Crampton
1935–
 Australia
14
0
1961–1975
15

Jock Hutchison H
1884–1977
 Scotland
 United States
14
2
1918–1928
11

Rory McIlroy
1989–
 Northern Ireland
14
4
2010–2018
9

Kenny Perry
1960–
 United States
14
0
1991–2009
19

Hal Sutton
1958–
 United States
14
1
1982–2001
20

Joe Turnesa
1901–1991
 United States
14
0
1924–1933
10

Ken Venturi H
1931–2013
 United States
14
1
1957–1966
10

Art Wall, Jr.
1923–2001
 United States
14
1
1953–1975
23

72
George Archer
1939–2005
 United States
13
1
1965–1984
20

Billy Burke
1902–1972
 United States
13
1
1927–1940
14

Mark Calcavecchia
1960–
 United States
13
1
1986–2007
22

David Duval
1971–
 United States
13
1
1997–2001
5

Dave Hill
1937–2011
 United States
13
0
1961–1976
16

Joe Kirkwood, Sr.
1897–1970
 Australia
 United States
13
0
1923–1933
11

Bruce Lietzke
1951–
 United States
13
0
1977–1994
18

Craig Stadler
1953–
 United States
13
1
1980–2003
24

David Toms
1967–
 United States
13
1
1997–2011
15

Adam Scott
1980–
 Australia
13
1
2003–2016
14

82
Paul Azinger
1960–
 United States
12
1
1987–2000
14

Zach Johnson
1976–
 United States
12
2
2004–2015
12

Tony Lema
1934–1966
 United States
12
1
1962–1966
5

Justin Leonard
1972–
 United States
12
1
1996–2008
13

Wayne Levi
1952–
 United States
12
0
1978–1990
13

Bobby Nichols
1936–
 United States
12
1
1962–1974
13

Calvin Peete
1943–2015
 United States
12
0
1979–1986
8

Steve Stricker
1967–
 United States
12
0
1996–2012
17

90
Miller Barber
1931–2013
 United States
11
0
1964–1978
15

Andy Bean
1953–
 United States
11
0
1977–1986
10

Frank Beard
1939–
 United States
11
0
1963–1971
9

John Cook
1957–
 United States
11
0
1981–2001
21

Jason Day
1987–
 Australia
11
1
2010–2018
9

Dow Finsterwald
1929–
 United States
11
1
1955–1963
9

Al Geiberger
1937–
 United States
11
1
1962–1979
18

Vic Ghezzi
1910–1976
 United States
11
1
1935–1948
14

Bob Goalby
1929–
 United States
11
1
1958–1971
14

Scott Hoch
1955–
 United States
11
0
1980–2003
24

Jordan Spieth
1993–
 United States
11
3
2013–2017
5

Payne Stewart H
1957–1999
 United States
11
3
1982–1999
18

Bubba Watson
1978–
 United States
11
2
2010–2018
9

103
Gay Brewer
1932–2007
 United States
10
1
1961–1972
12

Olin Dutra
1901–1983
 United States
10
2
1929–1936
8

Steve Elkington
1962–
 Australia
10
1
1990–1999
10

David Frost
1959–
 South Africa
10
0
1988–1997
10

Sergio García
1980–
 Spain
10
1
2001–2017
17

Don January
1929–
 United States
10
1
1956–1976
21

Ky Laffoon
1908–1984
 United States
10
0
1933–1946
14

John Mahaffey
1948–
 United States
10
1
1973–1989
17

Mark McCumber
1951–
 United States
10
0
1979–1994
16

Dick Metz
1908–1993
 United States
10
0
1935–1949
15

Larry Nelson H
1947–
 United States
10
3
1979–1988
10

Dave Stockton
1941–
 United States
10
2
1967–1976
10

Fuzzy Zoeller
1951–
 United States
10
2
1979–1986
8

116
Stuart Appleby
1971–
 Australia
9
0
1997–2010
14

Seve Ballesteros H
1957–2011
 Spain
9
5
1978–1988
11

Mike Brady
1887–1972
 United States
9
0
1916–1926
11

Wiffy Cox
1896–1969
 United States
9
0
1930–1937
8

Al Espinosa
1891–1957
 United States
9
0
1924–1935
12

Nick Faldo H
1957–
 England
9
6
1984–1997
14

Johnny Golden
1896–1936
 United States
9
0
1927–1935
9

Jay Haas
1953–
 United States
9
0
1978–1993
16

Jimmy Hines
1903–1986
 United States
9
0
1933–1946
14

Bobby Jones H
1902–1971
 United States
9
7
1923–1930
8

Willie Klein
1901–1957
 United States
9
0
1922–1936
15

127
K. J. Choi
1970–
 South Korea
8
0
2002–2011
10

Jim Colbert
1941–
 United States
8
0
1969–1983
15

Roberto De Vicenzo H
1923–2017
 Argentina
8
1
1951–1968
18

Bruce Devlin
1937–
 Australia
8
0
1964–1972
9

Dave Douglas
1918–1978
 United States
8
0
1947–1954
8

Brad Faxon
1961–
 United States
8
0
1991–2005
15

Fred Funk
1956–
 United States
8
0
1992–2007
16

David Graham H
1946–
 Australia
8
2
1972–1983
12

Lee Janzen
1964–
 United States
8
2
1992–1998
7

Steve Jones
1958–
 United States
8
1
1988–1998
11

George Knudson
1937–1989
 Canada
8
0
1961–1972
12

Ted Kroll
1919–2002
 United States
8
0
1952–1962
11

Lawson Little H
1910–1968
 United States
8
1
1936–1948
13

Tony Manero
1905–1989
 United States
8
1
1929–1938
10

Geoff Ogilvy
1977–
 Australia
8
1
2005–2014
10

Ed Oliver
1916–1961
 United States
8
0
1940–1958
19

Jerry Pate
1953–
 United States
8
1
1976–1982
7

Loren Roberts
1955–
 United States
8
0
1994–2002
9

Justin Thomas
1993–
 United States
8
1
2015–2018
4

Chi-Chi Rodríguez H
1935–
 Puerto Rico
 United States
8
0
1963–1979
17

Justin Rose
1980–
 England
8
1
2010–2017
8

J. C. Snead
1940–
 United States
8
0
1971–1987
17

Brandt Snedeker
1980–
 United States
8
0
2007–2016
10

Bob Tway
1959–
 United States
8
1
1986–2003
18

Al Watrous
1899–1983
 United States
8
0
1922–1933
12

Mike Weir
1970–
 Canada
8
1
1999–2007
9

152
Jerry Barber
1916–1994
 United States
7
1
1953–1963
11

Mark Brooks
1961–
 United States
7
1
1988–1996
9

Clarence Clark
1907–1974
 United States
7
0
1931–1936
6

Gardner Dickinson
1927–1998
 United States
7
0
1956–1971
16

Bill Glasson
1960–
 United States
7
0
1985–1997
13

Retief Goosen
1969–
 South Africa
7
2
2001–2009
9

Clarence Hackney
1894–1941
 Scotland
 United States
7
0
1923–1931
9

Chick Harbert
1915–1992
 United States
7
1
1941–1954
14

Chandler Harper
1923–1997
 United States
7
1
1942–1955
14

Jay Hebert
1923–1997
 United States
7
1
1957–1961
5

John Huston
1961–
 United States
7
0
1990–2003
14

Peter Jacobsen
1954–
 United States
7
0
1980–2003
24

Matt Kuchar
1978–
 United States
7
0
2002–2014
13

Billy Maxwell
1929–
 United States
7
0
1955–1962
8

Dick Mayer
1924–1989
 United States
7
1
1953–1965
13

Gil Morgan
1946–
 United States
7
0
1977–1990
14

Johnny Palmer
1918–2006
 United States
7
0
1946–1954
9

Scott Simpson
1955–
 United States
7
1
1980–1998
19

Joey Sindelar
1958–
 United States
7
0
1985–2004
20

Harry Vardon H
1870–1937
 Jersey
7
7
1896–1914
19

Bert Yancey
1938–1994
 United States
7
0
1966–1972
7

174
Sammy Byrd
1906–1981
 United States
6
0
1942–1945
4

Bob Charles H
1936–
 New Zealand
6
1
1963–1974
12

Stewart Cink
1973–
 United States
6
1
1997–2009
13

Henry Ciuci
1903–1986
 United States
6
0
1928–1931
4

Ed Furgol
1917–1997
 United States
6
1
1947–1957
11

Bob Gilder
1950–
 United States
6
0
1976–1983
8

Lou Graham
1938–
 United States
6
1
1967–1979
13

Bill Haas
1982–
 United States
6
0
2010–2015
6

Paul Harney
1929–2011
 United States
6
0
1957–1972
16

Pádraig Harrington
1971–
 Ireland
6
3
2005–2015
11

Willie Hunter
1892–1968
 Scotland
 United States
6
0
192?–1936
~11

Gary Koch
1952–
 United States
6
0
1976–1988
13

Bob Lunn
1945–
 United States
6
0
1968–1972
5

Sandy Lyle H
1958–
 Scotland
6
2
1985–1988
4

Hunter Mahan
1982–
 United States
6
0
2007–2014
8

Rocco Mediate
1962–
 United States
6
0
1991–2010
20

José María Olazábal H
1966–
 Spain
6
2
1990–2002
13

Steve Pate
1961–
 United States
6
0
1987–1998
12

Patrick Reed
1990–
 United States
6
1
2013–2018
6

Bill Rogers
1951–
 United States
6
1
1978–1983
6

Bob Rosburg
1926–2009
 United States
6
1
1954–1972
19

Rory Sabbatini
1976–
 South Africa
6
0
2000–2011
12

Dan Sikes
1929–1987
 United States
6
0
1963–1968
6

Jeff Sluman
1957–
 United States
6
1
1988–2002
15

Henrik Stenson
1976–
 Sweden
6
1
2007–2017
11

Frank Stranahan
1922–2013
 United States
6
0
1945–1958
14

Peter Thomson H
1929–
 Australia
6
5
1954–1965
12

Mike Turnesa
1907–2000
 United States
6
0
1931–1949
19

Cyril Walker
1892–1948
 England
 United States
6
1
1917–1930
14

Jimmy Walker
1979–
 United States
6
1
2013–2016
4

Bo Wininger
1922–1967
 United States
6
0
1955–1963
9

Lew Worsham
1917–1990
 United States
6
1
1946–1953
8

206
Buddy Allin
1944–2007
 United States
5
0
1971–1976
6

James Braid H
1870–1950
 Scotland
5
5
1901–1910
10

Jonathan Byrd
1978–
 United States
5
0
2002–2011
10

Pete Cooper
1914–1993
 United States
5
0
1949–1958
10

Ben Crane
1976–
 United States
5
0
2003–2014
12

John Daly
1966–
 United States
5
2
1991–2004
14

Luke Donald
1977–
 England
5
0
2002–2012
11

Jason Dufner
1977–
 United States
5
1
2012–2017
6

Danny Edwards
1951–
 United States
5
0
1977–1985
9

Dan Forsman
1958–
 United States
5
0
1985–2002
18

Marty Furgol
1916–2005
 United States
5
0
1951–1959
9

Jim Gallagher, Jr.
1961–
 United States
5
0
1990–1995
6

Ken Green
1958–
 United States
5
0
1985–1989
5

Fred Haas
1916–2004
 United States
5
0
1945–1954
10

Bob Hamilton
1916–1990
 United States
5
1
1944–1949
6

Jerry Heard
1947–
 United States
5
0
1971–1978
8

Lionel Hebert
1928–2000
 United States
5
1
1957–1966
10

Herman Keiser
1914–2003
 United States
5
1
1942–1947
6

Tom Lehman
1959–
 United States
5
1
1994–2000
7

Roger Maltbie
1951–
 United States
5
0
1975–1985
11

Ray Mangrum
1910–1975
 United States
5
0
1936–1946
11

Hideki Matsuyama
1992–
 Japan
5
0
2014–2017
4

Billy Mayfair
1966–
 United States
5
0
1993–1998
6

Blaine McCallister
1958–
 United States
5
0
1988–1993
6

Ryan Moore
1982–
 United States
5
0
2009–2016
8

Bob Murphy
1943–
 United States
5
0
1968–1986
19

Gilbert Nicholls
1878–1950
 England
 United States
5
0
191?–1927
~11

Jesper Parnevik
1965–
 Sweden
5
0
1998–2001
4

Carl Pettersson
1977–
 Sweden
5
0
2005–2012
8

Johnny Pott
1935–
 United States
5
0
1960–1968
9

Tom Purtzer
1951–
 United States
5
0
1977–1991
15

Henry Ransom
1911–1987
 United States
5
0
1946–1955
10

Phil Rodgers
1938–
 United States
5
0
1962–1966
5

Mason Rudolph
1934–2011
 United States
5
0
1959–1970
12

John Henry Taylor H
1871–1963
 England
5
5
1894–1913
20

Bob Toski
1926–
 United States
5
0
1953–1954
2

Scott Verplank
1964–
 United States
5
0
1985–2007
23

George Von Elm
1901–1961
 United States
5
0
19??–1938
~10

Nick Watney
1981–
 United States
5
0
2007–2012
6

D. A. Weibring
1953–
 United States
5
0
1979–1996
18

Mark Wilson
1974–
 United States
5
0
2007–2012
6

text:
^ Harry Cooper was born in England, but grew up in Dallas, Texas, and became a U.S. citizen before starting his professional career. However, he was not allowed to compete for the U.S. in the Ryder Cup. U.S. citizens born outside the country, even if they were born with only U.S. citizenship, were not eligible to represent the U.S. in the Ryder Cup until 2002. Even today, those who naturalize after age 18 are ineligible for Team USA.
^ Jim Barnes was born in England, but became a U.S. citizen soon after moving to the United States in 1906.


document_title: Battle of Gonzales

question_text: where was the battle of gonzales located in texas

root

text: Battle of Gonzales

text: Background[edit]

text: The Mexican Constitution of 1824 liberalized the country's immigration policies, allowing foreigners to settle in border regions such as Mexican Texas. In 1825, American Green DeWitt received permission to settle 400 families in Texas near the confluence of the San Marcos and Guadalupe Rivers.[3] The DeWitt Colony quickly became a favorite raiding target of local Karankawa, Tonkawa, and Comanche tribes, and in July 1826 they destroyed the capital city, Gonzales. The town was rebuilt the following year, after DeWitt negotiated peace treaties with the Karankawa and Tonkawa. The Comanche continued to stage periodic raids of the settlement over the next few years.[4] Unable to spare military troops to protect the town, in 1831 the region's political chief instead sent the settlers of Gonzales a six-pounder cannon,[5] described by historian Timothy Todish as "a small bored gun, good for little more than starting horse races".[6]

tag: p

text: During the 1830s, the Mexican government wavered between federalist and centralist policies. As the pendulum swung sharply towards centralism in 1835, several Mexican states revolted.[7] In June, a small group of settlers in Texas used the political unrest as an excuse to rebel against customs duties, in an incident known as the Anahuac Disturbances.[8] The federal government responded by sending more troops to Texas.[9] Public opinion was sharply divided. Some communities supported the rebellion for a variety of reasons. Others, including Gonzales, declared their loyalty to Mexican President Antonio López de Santa Anna's centralist government.[10] Local leaders began calling for a Consultation to determine whether a majority of settlers favored independence, a return to federalism, or the status quo. Although some leaders worried that Mexican officials would see this type of gathering as a step toward revolution, by the end of August most communities had agreed to send delegates to the Consultation, scheduled for October 15.[11] In the interim, many communities formed militias to protect themselves from a potential attack by military forces.[9][12]

text: On September 10, a Mexican soldier bludgeoned a Gonzales resident, which led to widespread outrage and public protests.[13] Mexican authorities felt it unwise to leave the settlers with a weapon.[14] Colonel Domingo de Ugartechea, commander of all Mexican troops in Texas, sent a corporal and five enlisted men to retrieve the cannon that had been given to the colonists.[13][14] Many of the settlers believed Mexican authorities were manufacturing an excuse to attack the town and eliminate the militia. In a town meeting, three citizens voted to hand over the gun to forestall an attack; the remainder, including alcalde Andrew Ponton, voted to stand their ground.[15] According to historian Stephen Hardin, "the cannon became a point of honor and an unlikely rallying symbol. Gonzales citizens had no intention of handing over the weapon at a time of growing tension."[13] The soldiers were escorted from town without the cannon.[13]

text: Prelude[edit]

text: Ponton anticipated that Ugartechea would send more troops to force the handover of the cannon. As soon as the first group of soldiers left Gonzales, Ponton sent a messenger to the closest town, Mina, to request help.[16] Word quickly spread that up to 300 soldiers were expected to march on Gonzales. Stephen F. Austin, one of the most respected men in Texas and the de facto leader of the settlers, sent messengers to inform surrounding communities of the situation. Austin cautioned Texians to remain on the defensive, as any unprovoked attacks against Mexican forces could limit the support Texians might receive from the United States if war officially began.[16]

text: On September 27, 1835, a detachment of 100 dragoons, led by Francisco de Castañeda, left San Antonio de Béxar, carrying an official order for Ponton to surrender the cannon.[13][16] Castañeda had been instructed to avoid using force if possible.[13] When the troops neared Gonzales on September 29, they found that the settlers had removed the ferry and all other boats from the Guadalupe River. On the other side of the swiftly moving river waited eighteen Texians. Albert Martin, captain of the Gonzales militia, informed the soldiers that Ponton was out of town, and until his return the army must remain on the west side of the river.[13][17]

text: With no easy way to cross the river, Castañeda and his men made camp at the highest ground in the area, about 300 yards (300 meters) from the river. Three Texians hurried to bury the cannon, while others traveled to nearby communities to ask for assistance.[18] By the end of the day, more than 80 men had arrived from Fayette and Columbus.[19] Texian militias generally elected their own leaders, and the men now gathered in Gonzales invoked their right to choose their own captain rather than report to Martin. John Henry Moore of Fayette was elected leader, with Joseph Washington Elliot Wallace and Edward Burleson, both of Columbus, respectively elected second and third in command.[18]

text: On September 30, Castañeda reiterated his request for the cannon and was again rebuffed. Texians insisted on discussing the matter directly with Ugartechea. According to their spokesman, until this was possible "the only answer I can therefore give you is that I cannot now [and] will not deliver to you the cannon".[20] Castañeda reported to Ugartechea that the Texians were stalling, likely to give reinforcements time to gather.[21]

text: In San Antonio de Béxar, Ugartechea asked Dr. Launcelot Smither, a Gonzales resident in town on personal business, to help Castañeda convince the settlers to follow orders.[18] When Smither arrived on October 1, he met with militia captain Mathew Caldwell to explain that the soldiers meant no harm if the settlers would peacefully relinquish the cannon. Caldwell instructed Smither to bring Castañeda to the town the following morning to discuss the matter. At roughly the same time, Moore called a war council, which quickly voted to initiate a fight. It is unclear whether the war council was aware that Caldwell had promised Castañeda safe passage to Gonzales the next morning.[22]

text: Texians dug up the cannon and mounted it on cart wheels. In the absence of cannonballs, they gathered metal scraps to fill the cannon.[22] James C. Neill, who had served in an artillery company during the War of 1812, was given command of the cannon. He gathered several men, including Almaron Dickinson, also a former US Army field artilleryman, together to form the first artillery company of Texians.[23] A local Methodist minister, W. P. Smith, blessed their activities in a sermon which made frequent reference to the American Revolution.[22]

text: As the Texians made plans for an attack, Castañeda learned from a Coushatta Indian that about 140 men were gathered in Gonzales, with more expected. The Mexican soldiers began searching for a safe place to cross the river. At nightfall on October 1 they stopped to make camp, 7 miles (11 km) upriver from their previous spot.[24]

text: Battle[edit]

text: Texians began crossing the river at about 7 pm. Less than half of the men were mounted, slowing their progress as they tracked the Mexican soldiers. A thick fog rolled in around midnight, further delaying them. At around 3 am, Texians reached the new Mexican camp. A dog barked at their approach, alerting the Mexican soldiers, who began to fire. The noise caused one of the Texian horses to panic and throw his rider, who suffered a bloody nose.[24] Moore and his men hid in the thick trees until dawn. As they waited, some of the Texians raided a nearby field and snacked on watermelon.[25]

text: With the darkness and fog, Mexican soldiers could not estimate how many men had surrounded them. They withdrew 300 yards (meters) to a nearby bluff. At about 6 am, Texians emerged from the trees and began firing at the Mexican soldiers. Lieutenant Gregorio Pérez counterattacked with 40 mounted soldiers. The Texians fell back to the trees and fired a volley, injuring a Mexican private. According to some accounts, the cannon fell out of the wagon upon the shot. Unable to safely maneuver among the trees, the Mexican horsemen returned to the bluff.[25]

text: As the fog lifted, Castañeda sent Smither to request a meeting between the two commanders. Smither was promptly arrested by the Texians, who were suspicious of his presence among the Mexican soldiers.[25] Nevertheless, Moore agreed to meet Castañeda. Moore explained that his followers no longer recognized the centralist government of Santa Anna and instead remained faithful to the Constitution of 1824, which Santa Anna had repudiated. Castañeda revealed that he shared their federalist leanings, but that he was honor-bound to follow orders.[1]

text: As Moore returned to camp, the Texians raised a homemade white banner with an image of the cannon painted in black in the center, over the words "Come and Take It".[1] The makeshift flag evoked the American Revolutionary-era slogan "Don't Tread on Me".[26] Texians then fired their cannon at the Mexican camp. Realizing that he was outnumbered and outgunned, Castañeda led his troops back to San Antonio de Béxar. The troops were gone before the Texians finished reloading. In his report to Ugartechea, Castañeda wrote "since the orders from your Lordship were for me to withdraw without compromising the honor of Mexican arms, I did so".[1]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text:
One spirit and one purpose animates the people of this party of the country, and that is to take Bexar, and drive the military out of Texas. ... A combined effort of all Texas would soon free our soil of Military despots—we should then have peace, for the present Government of Mexico have too much to do at home ... to send another army to Texas.

Stephen F. Austin[27]

tag: div

text: Two Mexican soldiers were killed in the attack. The only Texian casualty was the bloody nose suffered by the man bucked off his horse. Although the event was, as characterized by Davis, "an inconsequential skirmish in which one side did not try to fight", Texians soon declared it a victory over Mexican troops.[26] Despite its minimal military impact, Hardin asserts that the skirmish's "political significance was immeasurable".[28] A large number of Texians had taken an armed stand against the Mexican army, and they had no intention of returning to their neutral stance towards Santa Anna's government.[28] Two days after the battle, Austin wrote to the San Felipe de Austin Committee of Public Safety, "War is declared—public opinion has proclaimed it against a Military despotism—The campaign has commenced".[29] News of the skirmish, originally called "the fight at Williams' place",[1] spread throughout the United States, encouraging many adventurers to come to Texas and assist in the fight against Mexico.[28] Newspapers referred to the conflict as the "Lexington of Texas"; as the Battles of Lexington and Concord began the American Revolution, the Gonzales skirmish launched the Texas Revolution.[1]

text: Before fighting had officially erupted, Santa Anna had realized that stronger measures were needed to ensure calm in Texas. He ordered his brother-in-law, General Martín Perfecto de Cos to bring approximately 500 soldiers to Texas.[8] Cos and his men arrived in Goliad on October 2. Three days later, after learning of the events at Gonzales, the soldiers left for San Antonio de Béxar.[30]

text: Gonzales became a rallying point for Texians opposed to Santa Anna's policies.[6] On October 11, they unanimously elected Austin their commander, despite his lack of military training. The following day, Austin led the men on a march towards San Antonio de Béxar to lay siege to Cos's troops.[31][32] By the end of the year, the Texians had driven all Mexican troops from Texas.[33]

text: The cannon's fate is disputed. According to the memoirs (written in the 1890s) of Gonzales blacksmith Noah Smithwick, the cannon was abandoned after the cart's axles began to smoke during a march to San Antonio de Béxar to assist in Austin's siege. Smithwick reported that the cannon was buried near a creek not far from Gonzales. A small iron cannon was exposed during a June 1936 flood near Gonzales. In 1979, this cannon was purchased by Dr. Patrick Wagner, who believed it matched Smithwick's descriptions of the cannon used in the battle. The Curator of Military History at the Smithsonian Institution verified that Wagner's cannon was a type of small swivel gun used in America through 1836. The Conservation Laboratory at the University of Texas confirmed that Wagner's cannon had been buried in moist ground for an extended time period.[34]

text: Writing in the Handbook of Texas, historian Thomas Ricks Lindley maintains that the Wagner cannon does not match the Smithwick account. The Wagner gun is made of iron and is smaller than a six-pounder. Historians such as Lindley think it more likely that the Gonzales cannon was taken to San Antonio de Béxar, where it was used during the Battle of the Alamo and captured by Mexican troops in March 1836. It was likely melted down with many of the other cannons when the Mexican army retreated.[35]

text: The battle is re-enacted during the Come and Take It celebration[36] in Gonzales every October. In and around Gonzales are nine Texas historical markers which commemorate various locations used in the prelude to the battle.[37]


document_title: List of Andi Mack episodes

question_text: when is episode 7 season 2 of andi mack coming out

text: List of Andi Mack episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
12
April 7, 2017 (2017-04-07)
June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)

2
TBA
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
TBA

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [1][2]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [1][2]
Prod.
code [1][3]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1

2
1

2
"13"

"Outside the Box"
Paul Hoen
Terri Minsky
April 7, 2017 (2017-04-07)
101

102
1.24[4]

As Andi Mack celebrates her 13th birthday, she gets a surprise visit from her sister, Bex, who announces she will be moving back in with their parents, Celia and Ham. Andi is thrilled about the news and wants to know what Bex has been up to. Bex shares a box of her memories with Andi, though before she does, Celia warns her about the secrets inside it which she does not want Andi to know. Bex later discovers Andi is infatuated with a boy named Jonah Beck and arranges to have her be with him, which includes a frisbee lesson with him. Jonah realizes how good Andi becomes and wants her to join the frisbee team at school, but as she decides whether to do so, she discovers he has a girlfriend named Amber. Feeling humiliated, Andi gets upset at Bex, who tells her it is okay not to be perfect. Andi feels better after Jonah texts her. Meanwhile, against Celia's warning, Bex shows Andi a picture hidden deep inside the box which shows Andi as a baby and Bex holding her; Andi finds out the truth about her sister, who is really her mother. This infuriates Celia and Ham, but they know they must come to terms with this revelation. After taking time to process this huge change in her life, Andi eventually becomes curious about who her father is, but Bex is not ready to tell her yet. It prompts Andi to take the box to see whether her father's picture is inside it.
Andi tells her friends, Cyrus and Buffy, that she has joined the school frisbee team with Jonah, but has yet to tell them about the more important, life-changing discovery concerning her and Bex. While hanging with Andi in her shack, Cyrus and Buffy come across the picture of Bex with the newborn Andi, concluding Bex has a "secret baby", but not knowing that baby is Andi. Meanwhile, Bex tries to fit in at dinner when Andi, Celia and Ham play a memory game during the meal. Andi tries to impress Jonah by giving him a bracelet she made, a gesture which upsets Amber as she sees the two together. Later, when Cyrus and Buffy keep harping about the secret baby, Andi reveals to them that she is the secret baby while also telling them that Amber is wearing the bracelet she gave to Jonah. Both Andi and Amber stare at each other for several minutes, diverting the attention away from the secret baby talk. Cyrus and Buffy eventually get back to Andi's revelation and have some questions about it.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Anson Bagley as Gus
Note: Disney Channel premiered these episodes as part of a double-length special episode titled "Tomorrow Starts Today", but they have subsequently been aired and sold as separate regular-length episodes titled "13" and "Outside the Box".

3
3
"Shhh!"
David Warren
Erin Dunlap
April 14, 2017 (2017-04-14)
103
1.19[5]

Since the revelation that Bex is Andi's mother, Celia still does not want Andi to call her by different grandmother names. After seeing Mrs. Devlin is the librarian at Andi's school, and recalling that has not changed since she went there, Bex encourages Andi into watching scary movies, which Celia has kept Andi from experiencing. That evening, Andi watches a movie called Shhh!, with Bex there in case she gets too scared, though Bex ends up falling asleep. The movie indeed scares Andi so much, that the next day, she falls asleep in class and receives detention, which prevents her from attending her first Space Otters frisbee match with Jonah. Andi finds out detention is held in the library with Mrs. Devlin, whose "shhh" to quiet her winds up re-triggering her frightened state from the movie. Meanwhile, Buffy joins the track and field relay team and her obsession with winning becomes costly. Later, as Bex goes through a box of things from her youth, and Andi learns more about her, Andi also stumbles across a picture of someone from Bex's past whom she believes to be her father.
Guest star: Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany

4
4
"Dancing in the Dark"
Paul Hoen
Phil Baker
April 21, 2017 (2017-04-21)
104
1.27[6]

After Andi questions Bex about the identify of the man in the photo she found, Bex is hesitant and continues to avoid discussion about Andi's father. Cyrus reveals the truth about Bex being Andi's mother to his mother, who later spreads the word across town. Andi receives supportive comments from Jonah and a lot of students at her school, while Celia has an even harder time coping with this fact after her neighbor calls her "grandma", which leads her and Ham to take time away from home. In their absence, Bex persuades Andi to have her first party at the house. The party is attended by Andi's schoolmates, Jonah, and even Amber. It turns bad when Amber wants to know who Andi's real father is and asks Andi to reveal him to the guests, causing Andi to retreat to the Andi Shack. As Bex starts to talk to Andi, Cyrus warns them that Celia and Ham have returned, and the partygoers are told to leave. During the confrontation, Celia is angered at what happened and walks off without saying anything. Ham sends Andi to bed while he helps Bex clean up. As Andi heads to her bedroom, Ham comments to Bex that they came home upon the Neighborhood Watch contacting them about party music that normally does not come from their home. When Bex tells him that Andi is persistent with questions about her father, Ham tells Bex that the man who fathered Andi knows she exists because he told him.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Garren Stitt as Marty

5
5
"It's Not About You"
Joe Menendez
Rayna McClendon
April 28, 2017 (2017-04-28)
105
1.40[7]

Bex is shocked that Ham informed Andi's father about Andi, but Ham made it clear that he needed to know and Andi needs to know about him. When Andi later questions Ham about her father, however, she gets no information. Although Ham has given Bex the email address of Andi's father, all that comes out of any communication is "hey".
Meanwhile, Jonah sets up Cyrus on a date with a girl named Iris, as part of a double date with Jonah and Amber. However, it goes sour when Cyrus gets sick on a carnival ride.
Buffy gets into trouble at school over her curly hair and is told by the vice-principal to change it. This leads to her not hanging out with Andi, who starts asking questions after she sees Buffy and Bex talking at the Fringe. It boils over when Andi sees the two in the bathroom at home, but she finds out none of what is going on is about her. Buffy reveals to Andi that she messed up her hair while using a flatiron to straighten it and she went to Bex to have her hair fixed, since Buffy's mother is overseas.
Andi later gives Bex a lesson on how to properly throw a frisbee. After Bex lets one fly, Andi goes to retrieve it and then sees Amber with a guy, but it is not Jonah.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Molly Jackson as Iris
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

6
6
"She Said, She Said"
Paul Hoen
Suzanne Weber
May 5, 2017 (2017-05-05)
106
1.41[8]

Andi is faced with telling Jonah about seeing Amber with another guy, and after she does, Jonah tells her he will be okay. When she later receives texts to see him at his school locker, Andi rushes to meet him, but also confronts Amber, who actually sent out the texts from Jonah's phone and makes her to be a liar. Hurt by Amber's treatment, Andi questions whether she should be talking to Jonah, even though he feels bad about what happened. She is so hurt, that she wants to stay home from school and gets help from Cyrus and Buffy to make her sick.
Meanwhile, Celia sees Bex is becoming more responsible around the house and later notices her working at the Fringe. Celia also notices Brittany, whom Bex babysat years ago, is Bex's boss.
While running track, Buffy meets a familiar face from Andi's party, Marty, who informs her that she is the fastest runner at school, for a girl. She finds herself in competition with Marty, who has the school's overall fastest time.
As Andi, Bex and Celia argue over Andi's going to school, they hear the doorbell. Bex answers to find a man at the door; it is Andi's father, Bowie. Bex introduces the two, informing them of their relationship, and they look at each other in surprise.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Garren Stitt as Marty, Trent Garrett as Bowie

7
7
"Dad Influence"
Jerry O'Connell
Elena Song
May 12, 2017 (2017-05-12)
107
1.49[9]

Bowie is excited to know his daughter, Andi, by spending the day with her, but Celia reminds them it is a school day. Bowie manages to get Andi excused from school, right after she learns from Cyrus and Buffy that Jonah and Amber have broken up, and Jonah approaches her with news she hopes is good. When Cyrus and Buffy later realize Andi is not around, they text her to ask where she is and what Jonah told her, but Andi is wondering as much about Jonah and asks her friends to find out. They end up meddling instead, with Cyrus convincing Jonah to follow his heart, despite his insecurities from the break-up, hoping it will lead him to Andi. Meanwhile, Bowie makes the most of his day with Andi, but when she worries about Jonah, Bowie drives her back to school. After she discovers Jonah and Amber have reconciled, she asks Cyrus and Buffy how this could happen, but the two keep silent about their involvement. Andi also tells them she spent the day with her father, while feeling guilty about cutting their day short, realizing he had only the one day, since he is a traveling musician. After Andi talks with Bex about Bowie and learns more about their relationship, the two discover Bowie in Andi's shack.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie

8
8
"Terms of Embarrassment"
Adam Weissman
Sam Wolfson
May 19, 2017 (2017-05-19)
108
1.48[10]

Bowie decides to delay joining his 40-city tour with the Renaissance Boys to be with Andi and Bex, but Celia allows him to stay at the Mack house for only two days. During his extended stay, Bowie meets Andi's friends at school and her teammates on the Space Otters. He records a video with them in it and asks Andi about the boy she keeps talking about, but she feels uncomfortable about her father being around her all the time. On the other hand, Celia is having a change of heart about Bowie after he cooks one of her mother's recipes. Bex and Bowie later have a serious talk at the place the two were last together before their split, with Bowie wanting to be in Andi and Bex's lives more; Bex assures him that he is already a part of their lives. Meanwhile, Cyrus gets offended over a text from Jonah which called him "girly". Buffy works on making Cyrus more like a man, but when Cyrus later asks Jonah about the text, Jonah tells him that auto-correct messed up the text and he really meant to send "gnarly".
Bowie starts to realize he has overstayed his welcome after Andi catches him in her bedroom on her computer and wants him not to invade her privacy. When Bex looks at Andi's computer, she sees the video that Bowie made and gets emotional. That prompts Andi to take a look as well and to talk with Bowie afterward, only to find him gone.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie

9
9
"She's Turning into You"
Michael Grossman
Erin Dunlap
June 2, 2017 (2017-06-02)
109
1.41[11]

Andi misses Bowie, and Bex helps to cheer her up. The two buy a variety of vintage clothes, which Celia disapproves and causes her to start questioning Bex's being back home. After enjoying quality time with Bex, Andi begins to wonder why her mother left home at the time of her birth, and while Bex does not reveal any details to Andi, things come out at home when Celia suggests that Bex moves out.
Meanwhile, Andi is concerned after Jonah passes her in the hallway at school without saying anything. She talks to him to find things are still okay between them. She also offers to help him come up with something for Amber's birthday, including how to express his emotions on her birthday card, but Andi is taken aback when Jonah thinks of her as a "pal" instead of something more.
Buffy's competitive nature hits a new low when she discovers one of her track shoes is missing and assumes Marty stole it. She retaliates by taking Marty's shoes and inflicting water damage on them. As for the missing shoe, Cyrus reveals it was in his mother's car, coming out of Buffy's bag during one of her rides home with him.
The episode concludes with Andi and Bex moving into a new apartment.
Guest star: Garren Stitt as Marty

10
10
"Home Away from Home"
Eyal Gordin
Phil Baker
June 9, 2017 (2017-06-09)
110
1.29[12]

Andi and Bex struggle with adjusting to their new home, and problems with the electricity and appliances are making matters worse. Andi has been removed from the home she has known for 13 years, and it is taking a toll, from issues about her laundry and the warm meals to her ability to work on her art. With her crafting supplies in the Andi Shack, she and Bex head back to the Mack house to retrieve them. Celia and Ham notice the two and are willing to welcome them back into their home, but Bex stands by her decision to move out, though she does apologize to Celia for taking Andi without giving her any notice. Ultimately, as Andi's mother, Bex begins to realize what is best for Andi and allows her to go back to Celia and Ham. After Celia returns Andi to be in her new home with Bex, Andi starts to embrace Bex as her mother.
Meanwhile, Cyrus wonders where he stands with Iris, thinking their relationship is over. Intending to spend the day at a sporting event with her, Jonah and Amber, he winds up going with just Jonah after Buffy declines to be his date and the other girls think he has moved on.
Guest star: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham

11
11
"Were We Ever?"
Paul Hoen
Sam Wolfson
June 16, 2017 (2017-06-16)
111
1.38[13]

A new principal, Dr. Metcalf, takes over at Andi's school. He meets Andi, Cyrus and Buffy, and tells Andi her leggings violate the school's dress code. Unaware at first about this dress code, the three eventually object to it when they see all the clothing prohibited. With Bex's help, they stage a protest at the school, with the participating students wearing prison outfits. As this is also happening on picture day, Cyrus gets concerned over how he will look, but Buffy convinces him to go with what they are wearing. Jonah reminds Andi about the team picture for the Space Otters, but when she shows up, he does not see her in the team's uniform and tells her to change into it. With Jonah so focused on the picture, Andi quickly realizes his indifference to her standing up to the dress code—a fight she wins after negotiating with Dr. Metcalf about making the policy more reasonable. Andi and her friends later find out the school will redo picture day in light of the protest.
Andi and Jonah have a more serious talk about what has happened, leading her to quit the Space Otters. She stands up to Jonah, wanting him to stop asking her to do things for him. When Jonah asks if they are still friends, Andi responds, "Were we ever?"
Guest star: Oliver Vaquer as Dr. Metcalf
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

12
12
"Best Surprise Ever"
Vanessa Parise
Elena Song & Suzanne Weber
June 23, 2017 (2017-06-23)
112
1.94[14]

Jonah is feeling down following Andi's quitting the Space Otters and all but ignoring him after their talk. Even Amber cannot cheer him up, with her friend Kip belittling the sport he loves. Cyrus encourages Jonah to talk to Andi, but when it appears Jonah will have a chance to do so in the school hallway, he notices Andi's excitement about Bowie's return instead. Jonah becomes so depressed that he cancels the Space Otters practice. This also leads to his unequivocal break-up with Amber.
Meanwhile, Buffy gives Marty a new pair of shoes, her way of apologizing for what she did to his old ones, though Marty has wanted her to actually say she is sorry. They set a time to race each other to resolve who is faster, but when they worry about how they will react to the result, they call the race off.
Andi discovers the reason Bowie came back is tied to Bex, whom he noticed in pictures across several stops on his tour with the Renaissance Boys. Andi arranges for her parents to have a romantic evening, and she also hears a song Bowie wrote for Bex. The next morning, Andi asks Bex how the evening went and hopes the two will get back together, but Bex tells Andi it is unlikely because Bowie's unpredictability makes him inclined not to stay in one place. When Andi talks to Bowie, she realizes his feelings for Bex have changed little over the years, but Bowie agrees with what Bex told Andi. Still, there is hope when Andi sees Bowie unexpectedly take a ring out of one of the blazers he is trying on at a vintage store.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Garren Stitt as Marty, CJ Strong as Kip
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

text: Season 2 (2017–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title [1][2]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date [1][2]
Prod.
code [1][15]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

13
1
"Hey, Who Wants Pizza?"
Eyal Gordin
Terri Minsky
October 27, 2017 (2017-10-27)
2-99
1.62[16]

Andi talks to Bowie about proposing to Bex, while Cyrus introduces his girlfriend Iris to Andi and Buffy, and Jonah invites Andi, Cyrus and Buffy to a pizza party for the Space Otters. At first, Andi does not want to go to the party, but later changes her mind after talking with Bex. Following the party, Jonah reveals to Andi that he broke up with Amber for good, though Andi had some idea prior to the party when he returned the bracelet she made for him. Andi gives Jonah back the bracelet and gets serious about being with him.
While Cyrus is happy about seeing Andi and Jonah together again, as well as having Iris as his girlfriend, he reveals to Buffy that he is also unhappy. He confides in her that he is jealous because of his feelings for Jonah.
Bowie comes over to Andi and Bex's apartment with a pizza and, with Andi's help, finally asks Bex to marry him. Bex's response is simply "um...", but Andi is hopeful she will eventually say yes. Later, while at work, Bex receives another pizza from Bowie, who is also hopeful she will accept his proposal.
As Andi and her friends discover Amber as a waitress at The Spoon, Andi tells Buffy about how that is making her uncomfortable but also how nervous she is around Jonah. Buffy thinks Andi is not ready for a serious relationship yet. While the two are talking, Jonah is with Amber outside, which further upsets Andi. Although Jonah says nothing is going on, Buffy warns him not to hurt Andi, causing him to leave the diner. Andi later talks to Jonah and wants their relationship to grow without Amber standing in the way.
After having some time to think about Bowie's proposal, Bex reveals to Andi that she is not going to marry him.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Emily Skinner as Amber, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany, Molly Jackson as Iris

14
2
"Chinese New Year"
Eyal Gordin
Elena Song
November 3, 2017 (2017-11-03)
202
1.66[17]

Andi is disappointed about Bex saying no to Bowie's marriage proposal and wants Bex to tell Bowie as soon as possible, as he is unaware. With the approach of the Chinese New Year, and Andi and Bex's aunt Mei and cousin Ronald coming over to Celia's house, the news will have to wait. Andi invites Jonah to the new year event, but his not understanding the customs puts Celia on edge, as well as the idea of Andi even having a boyfriend. Meanwhile, Celia wants to show Mei that she can successfully host a Chinese New Year feast and is quite appreciative of Bowie's contributions for the occasion. After Bowie announces that he may have some good news to share, Celia uses the opportunity to make the event special, until Andi hints to Bowie what she already knows and announces to the rest that Bex and Bowie are not getting married. Bowie is saddened by this and leaves.
With track season over, Buffy decides to sign up to play basketball, though the school's team consists only of men. After some practice with Marty, Buffy lets him know how confident she is of making the team, despite her actually being nervous. She feels she needs to outperform the men to secure a spot.
Andi continues to be upset that Bex let Bowie go, but when finding something to eat, she rediscovers that picture which Bex tore up, making her even more upset. She wants to know whether the person in that picture is the reason behind Bex's decision not to marry Bowie.
Guest stars: Freda Foh Shen as Mei, Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Garren Stitt as Marty, Alan Ko as Ronald

15
3
"Friends Like These"
Adam Weissman
Phil Baker
November 10, 2017 (2017-11-10)
203
1.40[18]

Andi grows suspicious when Amber starts having a normal conversation with her. Jonah tells Andi that Amber just wants to be friends, but Andi thinks Amber has not gotten over Jonah. Andi, Cyrus and Buffy try another hangout place to avoid Amber at The Spoon.
Meanwhile, Buffy and Marty go through tryouts to make the basketball team, but Buffy gets annoyed by TJ, the team's captain. Despite feeling she will not make the team because of him, Buffy shares the good news with Andi and Cyrus when she does. Marty fails to make the team but is happy for Buffy.
Cyrus and Iris spend an evening together at her house and watch a movie. Things appear to go all right until he kisses her, after which he feels embarrassed by the way it happened and decides to leave.
Andi finds out more about the man in the picture Bex tore up, an ex-boyfriend named Gabriel. Bex has trouble letting him go and tells Andi he is the reason she is insecure about marrying anyone, including Bowie. Andi helps Bex find closure with Gabriel by placing his picture with those of her other ex-boyfriends in her box of memories, which leads to them taking out Bowie's picture.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Garren Stitt as Marty, Molly Jackson as Iris, Luke Mullen as TJ
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

16
4
"Mama"
Eyal Gordin
Terri Minsky
November 17, 2017 (2017-11-17)
204
1.58[19]

Celia informs Andi and Bex about a closet clean-out at the Mack house, which happens to be on the anniversary of a day Bex wishes had never happened—the day she left 13 years earlier. Both Bex and Celia tell their versions of the story behind that day to Andi, which are completely different. Bex eventually reveals that her leaving was tied to Andi's first word as a baby, "mama", which was directed at Celia. Upon hearing that, Andi feels regret that she caused Bex to leave. Bex tells Andi that her decision was for the best as she wanted her to be happy, and Celia is thankful for the sacrifice Bex made to ensure Andi would be raised in a stable environment.
Meanwhile, Jonah teaches Cyrus how to skateboard, but when Cyrus is unable to control the skateboard's movement, he ends up getting hurt and going to the hospital. Buffy becomes a friend to her neighbor Millie through a community service project she is doing for school.
Later, Celia reveals to Bex that the clean-out was about more than their opportunity to reconcile about that day 13 years ago. She plans to sell the house and leaves it to Bex to tell Andi, news which will devastate her particularly because of AndiShack. Bex delays saying anything about it to Andi.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Juliet Mills as Millie

17
5
"The Snorpion"
Eyal Gordin
Erin Dunlap
November 24, 2017 (2017-11-24)
205
1.18[20]

After overhearing part of a phone conversation Amber is having with her father, Andi decides to spend time with her by inviting her to a sleepover. Having warned Andi before about Amber by comparing her to a snake in one story, Buffy relays another story to Andi about a frog and a scorpion, and compares Amber to the scorpion—leading to the term "snorpion". At the sleepover, Amber tells Andi that her father lost his job, which is why she is working at The Spoon. With Andi enjoying Amber's company, the two decide to sneak out to an amusement park, where Amber convinces Andi to ride the ferris wheel. When Amber sees a call from Jonah on Andi's phone, she becomes furious and leaves Andi stranded. This lands Andi in police custody, and Bex and Bowie are left to discipline her after they get home, though Andi ends up deciding her punishment when they cannot come up with one. Meanwhile, Buffy is upset over her teammates not giving her the ball during a basketball game. When she confronts TJ about what she needs to do to change this, she realizes he simply does not want her on the team at all. Also, Bex is working toward her cosmetology certification.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

18
6
"I Wanna Hold Your Wristband"
Joe Menendez
Sam Wolfson
December 1, 2017 (2017-12-01)
206
1.45[21]

Andi is nervous about holding hands with Jonah at school, but just as she is about to, the principal, Dr. Metcalf, splits the students into two separate groups, with Andi and Cyrus in group A, and Buffy and Jonah in group B. When Andi figures out that her group has luxuries while Jonah's group struggles over what they are dealt, she decides to switch groups and encourages the rest in her group to do the same, despite Dr. Metcalf's order for the two groups to stay separate. After chaos ensues in the cafeteria over cookies, Dr. Metcalf ends his exercise, getting across to the students that what group they belong in does not give them any advantage or disadvantage. He also asks them how he decided what group they went to, and while Andi contends it was random, she realizes his selections were alphabetically based. The school day ends with Andi and Jonah both holding hands, though Jonah admits having sweaty palms like Andi. When Andi returns home, Bex finally tells her that Celia and Ham are selling the house. The news devastates Andi, prompting her to return to AndiShack.
Guest stars: Trent Garrett as Bowie, Oliver Vaquer as Dr. Metcalf, Anson Bagley as Gus

19
7
"Head Over Heels"
Joe Menendez
Erin Dunlap
January 15, 2018 (2018-01-15)
207
1.31[22]

To help Andi take her mind off of Celia and Ham's plans to sell the Mack house, Jonah asks her on a date by inviting her to a virtual reality arcade. Buffy is also invited, but she brings Marty with her so she does not feel like a third wheel, making the occasion a double date, even though the two are not really dating. During his virtual reality adventure, Jonah slips and gets hurt. When Jonah refuses Andi's aid, she worries that he is upset with her after she briefly laughed at his mishap. Andi continues to worry and feels Jonah is avoiding her when she later gets no response to her texts. Despite Jonah denying that he is upset with her after she asked him twice, Andi turns to Bex, who tells her to ask a third time. Andi becomes frustrated waiting for Jonah at school, but when she finally has the chance, she trips and falls as she approaches him to ask the question again. Jonah briefly laughs but assures Andi that he is not upset with her. Meanwhile, Buffy feels comfortable being just friends with Marty but finds out he wants more in their relationship. Also, Cyrus asks Bex for her opinion about a screenplay he has written, but Bex's hesitation to tell him the truth about the script has him setting his sights on making the movie.
Guest stars: Garren Stitt as Marty, Chelsea T. Zhang as Brittany
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

20
8
"There's a Mack in the Shack"
Paul Hoen
Elena Song
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)
208
1.28[23]

Andi decorates her shack with numerous paper cranes, hoping Celia and Ham will notice and change their mind about selling the house. While talking with Celia, Andi springs a deal of coming over to the house more often, news which delights Celia to the point of allowing Andi to choose her breakfast or dance to loud music. Celia even invites Andi to a tape tunnel exhibit which has her missing school and worrying Bex. When Ham finds out the true reason Andi has been spending more time at the house, he wonders why Celia did not fill him in, but when Bex comes up with a better idea to save Andi Shack, and Celia and Ham explain their plans of seeing the world, Andi begins to accept that selling the house may not be a bad idea. It turns out Celia and Ham need more time to decide where they will live, so they postpone selling the house.
Meanwhile, Buffy is asked by her math teacher to tutor a failing student. She bails when she discovers it is TJ, but as he is in jeopardy of being kicked off the basketball team, she will help him if, in return, he starts passing the ball to her during games. Also, Cyrus struggles with getting his chocolate chip muffin at school, but as another concession to Buffy, TJ gives Cyrus tips on claiming it.
After Andi, Bex and Celia have fun at a dance class Celia is taking, the three stop at The Spoon. Just as they are about to order some food, Andi sees Jonah enter the diner with a girl named Natalie.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Luke Mullen as TJ, Shelby Simmons as Natalie

21
9
"You're the One That I Want"
Paul Hoen
Phil Baker
January 26, 2018 (2018-01-26)
209
1.28[24]

Andi finds out from Jonah that Natalie heads the ultimate frisbee team for another school in town, but is wary after Jonah says that Natalie is "just a friend". Amber warns Andi that while she was dating Jonah, he used the same words to refer to Andi. Buffy and Cyrus spy on both Jonah and Natalie at a gathering with "Furious George", one of the top ultimate discheads in the world, but cannot find anything that would make the two more than just friends. Meanwhile, Andi and Jonah have plans to go on a school trip to a Grease singalong, which Buffy and Cyrus are also attending, but Andi learns Jonah has been asked to take part in a video with Natalie and "Furious George", though Jonah says he can get out of it. Unsure whether he does, Andi races over to where the video is being shot, only to hear from Natalie that Jonah is going to the singalong, so she races back to catch the bus, which she almost misses.
Bex meets a woman named Miranda, who works at the same plant nursery Bowie does. When Miranda decides she wants to ask Bowie out and wonders how much Bex knows about him, Bex appears supportive, yet uncomfortable.
Guest stars: Emily Skinner as Amber, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Shelby Simmons as Natalie, Chloe Hurst as Miranda
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

22
10
"A Good Hair Day"
Paul Hoen and Adam Weissman
Suzanne Weber
February 2, 2018 (2018-02-02)
210
1.21[25]

While Andi and Bowie are having breakfast at The Spoon, Andi discovers from Bowie's driver's license that it is his birthday. Bowie does not want to make a big deal out of it, but Andi wants to throw him a huge surprise party at Celia and Ham's place. She has Bex work out the details, while she attends a Renaissance Festival for most of the day with her friends. Bex sees Bowie at work and tries to get him to Celia and Ham's for a "plant emergency", but Bowie realizes she is trying to get him to the surprise party. Bex finds out the reason Bowie is not in a celebrating mood, as his father's birthday was on the same day but he died three years ago. Despite this, Bex encourages Bowie to come to the party for Andi's sake. He does and has a wonderful time, but he is greatly touched after Andi calls him "dad" for the first time.
Meanwhile, Buffy shows Jonah her competitive side in arm wrestling, where he also matches quite well, and later at the Renaissance Festival, they square off in a medieval-style tug o' war, which ends in a draw. Also, Cyrus tries to tell Iris about his true feelings for her, with Iris figuring out he does not like her like a girlfriend; the two are okay being just friends.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Molly Jackson as Iris

23
11
"Miniature Gulf"
Paul Hoen
Suzanne Weber
February 9, 2018 (2018-02-09)
211
1.14[26]

While Andi, Bex and Bowie are playing miniature golf, Bowie receives a phone call and Andi wonders who he is talking to. Sensing the body language from both of her parents, Andi is sure Bowie is seeing someone and tries to get information about it. Eventually, she finds out Bowie is dating Miranda and wants to meet her, but Bowie says it is too soon. Andi later has second thoughts about seeing Miranda because it may be too much for her to have possibly another parent-figure. When Andi and Bex go miniature golfing again, by themselves, Andi spots Bowie with Miranda and a little girl, whom she deduces is Miranda's daughter. Meanwhile, Cyrus is tapped by Dr. Metcalf to make an orientation video for new students of Jefferson Middle School and has Jonah film him, but Cyrus gets nervous in front of the camera. Also, Buffy's tutoring TJ gets nowhere as she realizes he is having difficulty even with basic math.
Guest stars: Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ, Chloe Hurst as Miranda, Eden Grace Redfield as Morgan
Absent: Lauren Tom as Celia Mack

24
12
"We Were Never"
Michelle Manning
Sam Wolfson
February 16, 2018 (2018-02-16)
212
1.37[27]

Andi notices Jonah is not wearing the bracelet she gave him because it is falling apart. She offers to fix it, but Jonah tells her "no rush". After Celia and Ham sense something is wrong with Andi, Celia has Andi consult the I Ching and discovers her hexagram is one of a serious nature; Andi is left to interpret what that means.
Bex receives her cosmetology certificate and delivers the speech at her graduation. Celia and Ham attend the ceremony, and while Bex is shocked they are there after telling Andi not to invite them, she is pleased when they say they are proud of her.
Cyrus prepares for his bar mitzvah and has Jonah look over his wardrobe of suits. TJ is desperate to get his math homework done ahead of a basketball game, by attempting to cheat when he asks Buffy to do it for him. At the basketball game, TJ continues his stubbornness of not passing the ball to Buffy, but when he finally does, Buffy gets a huge surprise from her mother, who is briefly home from a tour of duty and appears at the game.
After Andi fixes the bracelet, Jonah tells her that it represents the two being "boyfriend" and "girlfriend", and he does not want to wear it because he is not into labels. This devastates Andi, and after she reflects on what Jonah has done for her, she feels they were never together in the first place.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Luke Mullen as TJ, Siena Goines as Pat Driscoll

25
13
"Cyrus' Bash-Mitzvah!"
Paul Hoen
Terri Minsky
February 23, 2018 (2018-02-23)
213
1.39[28]

Andi continues to be troubled by Jonah when he avoids her during Cyrus' bar mitzvah and party. Cyrus tells Andi that Jonah has not actually broken up with her, but she feels otherwise. Andi also finds out Cyrus' secret concerning Jonah, which only Buffy had known.
Later at the party, Andi, Cyrus and Buffy see a fortune teller and discover one thing about each of their futures. Buffy is the most disturbed about what she finds out and hopes it will not come true, about her mother being deployed again. After Buffy confirms her mother is home for a while, she returns to the fortune teller, who reminds her about the whole vision, which suggests she is moving.
Andi wonders about having a real boyfriend, and her fortune indicates she will. Although she is set on talking to Jonah right away, she starts spending time with Walker, an artist at the party who gives her a beautiful caricature he has drawn of her. Jonah becomes jealous, not knowing who this guy is, and when he asks Buffy and Cyrus about him, they have no clue either. After Andi and Jonah finally talk about what is going on, with Andi saying her feelings for him have changed, Jonah suffers a panic attack. After the party, Jonah comes over to Andi's place and despite his opposition to labels, he asks her if she will be his girlfriend, to which she replies, "um...".
Meanwhile, Bowie works on discussing Miranda with both Andi and Bex. Despite his new relationship, he tells Andi, in writing he jotted down on a napkin during the party, that he could live without the "universe", but not her.
Guest stars: Stoney Westmoreland as Ham, Trent Garrett as Bowie, Luke Mullen as TJ, Darius Marcell as Walker, Peggy Ann Blow as Madame Le Doux, Danny Jacobs as Norman


document_title: Timeline of the UK electricity supply industry

question_text: when was electricity first used in the uk

text: The following is a list of major events in the history of the United Kingdom's electricity supply industry.

text:
Year
Event

1882
The Electric Lighting Act 1882 (repealed 1989) — allowed the setting up of supply systems by persons, companies or local authorities

1888
The Electric Lighting Act 1888 (repealed 1989) — amendment to 1882 Act making the setting up of a supply company easier.

1891
London Electric Supply Corporation (LESCo) opened Deptford Power Station, UK's first AC power system, designed by Sebastian Ziani de Ferranti.

1899
The Electric Lighting (Clauses) Act 1899 (repealed 1989)

1901
Newcastle upon Tyne Electric Supply Company (NESCo) opened Neptune Bank Power Station, the first in the UK to supply three-phase electric power.

1909
The Electric Lighting Act 1909 (repealed 1989). Regulated planning consent for building power stations.

1919
Williamson Report and Birchenough Report leads to the Electricity (Supply) Act 1919[1](repealed 1989). Established Electricity Commission[citation needed] and appointed Electricity Commissioners

1922
The Electricity (Supply) Act 1922 (repealed 1989)

1926
Weir Report leads to the Electricity (Supply) Act 1926 (repealed 1989) — created Central Electricity Board and the National Grid operating at 132 kV (50 Hz)

1933
The 132 kV National Grid started operating as interconnected set of regional grids.

1936
The Electricity Supply (Meters) Act 1936 (repealed 1989)

1938
The 132 kV National Grid became integrated.

1943
The Hydro-Electric Development (Scotland) Act 1943 (repealed 1989)

1947
The Electricity Act 1947 (repealed 1989). It merged 625 electricity companies to be vested in twelve area electricity boards and the generation and 132 kV National Grid were vested with the British Electricity Authority.

1954
The Electricity Reorganisation (Scotland) Act 1954 (repealed 1989)

1955
British Electricity Authority becomes the Central Electricity Authority. The Scottish area boards are merged into South of Scotland Electricity Board and the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board.

1957
The Electricity Act 1957 (repealed 1989). The Central Electricity Authority was dissolved and replaced by Central Electricity Generating Board and the Electricity Council.

1958
The new chairman of the Central Electricity Generating Board Christopher Hinton, Baron Hinton of Bankside begins the procurement of the new 2000 MW power stations and 400kV grid system

1961
The Electricity (Amendment) Act 1961 (repealed 1989)

1963
The Electricity and Gas Act 1963 (repealed 1989)

1965
Introduction of the first phase of the 400kV Supergrid from West Burton power stations, Nottinghamshire to Sundon in Bedfordshire

1968
The Gas and Electricity Act 1968 (repealed 1989)

1969
The first of the new 2000 MW Generating Units are officially opened by the Ministry of Power (United Kingdom) Roy Mason at West Burton power stations

1972
The Electricity Act 1972 (repealed 1989)

1978
Economy 7 introduced.

1979
The Electricity (Scotland) Act 1979 (repealed 1989)

1989
The Electricity Act 1989 provides for the privatisation of the electricity industry in Great Britain

1990
Beginning of the privatization of the Central Electricity Generating Board. The assets of the CEGB are broken up into three new companies: Powergen, National Power and National Grid Company. Later, the nuclear component within National Power was removed and vested in another state-owned company called Nuclear Electric.

1991
Scottish industry privatised

1992
Electricity supply in Northern Ireland privatised. Premier Power formed.

1993
Supply industry in Northern Ireland privatised.

1995
Major assets of Nuclear Electric and Scottish Nuclear were merged the UK's eight most advanced nuclear plants, forming a new private company, British Energy.

2000
The Utilities Act 2000 placed responsibility on generators to allow for connecting distributed energy sources to grid.[clarification needed]

2001
The Central Electricity Generating Board (Dissolution) Order 2001. CEGB formally wound up.

2007
From 1 November Northern Ireland generators must sell their electricity into the Single Electricity Market, an all-island market with the Republic of Ireland from which suppliers purchase electricity at a single market rate.

2009
After becoming the UK's largest electricity generation company, British Energy is bought by Électricité de France (EDF), a stated owned company.[2]