document_title: The Weather Channel

question_text: where does the weather channel get its information

text: The Weather Channel

text: History[edit]

text: The Weather Channel was founded on July 18, 1980,[5] by veteran television meteorologist John Coleman (who, at the time of the channel's founding, had formerly served as a chief meteorologist at ABC owned-and-operated station WLS-TV in Chicago and as a forecaster for Good Morning America) and Frank Batten, then-president of the channel's original owner Landmark Communications (now Landmark Media Enterprises). The channel launched at 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on May 2, 1982. Originally, regional and local information was obtained by the National Weather Service for broadcast. Since 2002, all forecasting has been done on-site in Atlanta.[6]

text: Current[edit]

text: The Weather Channel uses special proprietary equipment that inserts information on current and future local weather conditions, and weather alerts issued by the National Weather Service and the Storm Prediction Center and National Hurricane Center, if it is viewed on a cable television provider. The original WeatherStar technology has been upgraded on larger cable systems to the IntelliStar, which incorporates "Vocal Local" to announce current conditions, weather bulletins and detailed local forecasts. Subscribers of satellite, IPTV and some smaller cable providers originally saw only a roundup of local TWC-sourced forecasts for major cities across the U.S., as well as national and regional satellite and radar images, and severe weather watch and warning maps when active. However, satellite customers with newer systems or interactive TV receivers have the choice of "roundups" or localized forecasts. For both cable and satellite viewers, popular music (formerly smooth jazz) plays in the background during these segments. Some older WeatherStar units were still in use by small cable companies that couldn't afford to upgrade to the IntelliStar. The WeatherStar units are also able to overlay text-based local contact information over the national feed during certain business advertisements aired on the channel.

text: The Weather Channel operates a service based on modified versions of the WeatherStar technology called Weatherscan, a separate non-network TV channel which constantly displays local and regional conditions, and forecasts, along with The Weather Channel's logo, and on some cable systems, advertisements.

text: The Weather Channel also runs websites in Latin America (Canal de Tiempo), Brazil (Canal do Tempo), the United Kingdom (Weather Channel), France (Météo 123) and Germany (Wetter 123). TWC only runs its U.S. channel, although it does produce international forecasts. The Weather Channel also has Weather stations in national universities of the USA (MIT, University of California), UK (University of Oxford, Lancaster University) and Global Meteo Station at the North Pole and International Space Station.

text: A definitive history of the network, The Weather Channel: The Improbable Rise of a Media Phenomenon, by Jeffrey L. Cruikshank and network co-founder Frank Batten, was published by Harvard Business Press in May 2002, in honor of TWC's 20th anniversary.

text: Sale to NBCUniversal, Bain, and Blackstone[edit]

text: On January 3, 2008, Landmark Communications put The Weather Channel and its assets up for sale.[7] On July 6, 2008, NBC Universal, Bain Capital and Blackstone Group agreed to jointly purchase The Weather Channel from Landmark, making it the channel's first ownership change in 26 years.[8] The sale was finalized on September 12, 2008. NBC Universal also owned NBC Weather Plus, a rival service which was carried by and featured content from the NBC television network's local network affiliates; that service announced its discontinuation three months later. Over-the-air digital subchannels carrying Weather Plus have since switched to the similarly formatted The Local AccuWeather Channel, kept the Weather Plus engine, or switched affiliations to other networks such as This TV or the Retro Television Network; some have shut down entirely.

text: From November 2008 to February 2009, The Weather Channel laid off seven long-time on-camera meteorologists: Kristina Abernathy, Eboni Deon, Kristin Dodd, Rich Johnson, Cheryl Lemke, Mark Mancuso and Dave Schwartz (Schwartz would return to TWC in April 2014,[9][10] but died of cancer on July 30, 2016). With the exception of Deon, all had been on the air for more than ten years, and three of them had been employed by the network for more than twenty years. In July 2010, The Weather Channel terminated Bill Keneely, the last of the original on-camera meteorologists who appeared on the network's first broadcasts in 1982. In December of that year, the network also laid off on-camera meteorologist Nicole Mitchell, who later would file a lawsuit against The Weather Channel in 2012, alleging that she had been terminated because the channel's new owners disapproved of the time required by her simultaneous duties as a Captain in the U.S. Air Force Reserve as one of the "Hurricane Hunters" team;[11] such reserve duties are protected by U.S. law (Mitchell later served as the chief meteorologist at Al Jazeera America, which for a time also employed Eboni Deon).

text: Inevitably, the merger of NBC on-air meteorologists began in May 2009. Former NBC Weather Plus meteorologist Todd Santos joined The Weather Channel on May 2 of that year. Al Roker of NBC's Today began hosting a one-hour morning program called Wake Up With Al, alongside meteorologist Stephanie Abrams later in the summer. However, for New York City-based forecasting operations (those utilized for forecasts on MSNBC and CNBC, for instance), the former NBC Weather Plus forecasting, radar and graphics systems remain in place, with banners changed to fit The Weather Channel's graphics scheme. On September 10, 2009, The Weather Channel co-founder Frank Batten died.[12][13]

text: Later years[edit]

text: In January 2012, David Kenny took over as chief executive officer of The Weather Channel, replacing former AOL executive Mike Kelly, who had been appointed as the company's CEO in the summer of 2009. Although all operations, sales support and marketing and the bulk of employees are located in the headquarters in Atlanta, Kenny declined to move there, and continues to live and work from his home in Boston,[14] visiting Atlanta once or twice per quarter. This is counter to general company policy which discourages telecommuting for the majority of employees.[citation needed] Later in 2012, The Weather Channel's holding company changed its name from The Weather Channel Companies to The Weather Company.[3] The company also purchased competing weather service and website Weather Underground the same year. On March 10, 2015, Verizon FiOS dropped The Weather Channel and WeatherScan for their rival AccuWeather.

text: On September 9, 2015, the channel announced a phased overhaul of its programming schedule during 2016, in which the channel would gradually shift its focus back towards a forecast-based lineup; the channel cancelled Wake Up with Al (citing high production costs as it was produced in New York city rather than Atlanta) and announced that AMHQ would be reformatted as a weather-focused program (eliminating lifestyle segments), with Stephanie Abrams taking over as host while original host Sam Champion would become a contributor for its prime time schedule starting November 2. The network also announced it would no longer greenlight original long-form programming, and expand live forecast programming on its schedule throughout 2016 once all remaining long-form programs already in development conclude their runs. In a memo sent out to network staff by Weather Company CEO David Kenny, it cited the refocusing towards weather-based programs was done on the basis that "our most passionate fans come to us for the weather and the science behind the weather, not our original shows." Around 50 TWC employees – including production, engineering and financial staff – were laid off, and the television channel's budget was reduced to focus investments on the company's Internet and mobile properties.[15][16][17][18]

text: The channel's original format was akin to that of a news and information cable network. Since the creation of the series Atmospheres in 2000 and Storm Stories in 2003, The Weather Channel had seen a gradual transition toward a mix of weather forecast programming and weather-related entertainment programming that paralleled the launch of sister network Weatherscan, the evolution of the always-on "L" bar/weather ticker, the development of weather.com and popular branded mobile phone applications, and the increased viewing and interest in documentary programs on the topic of weather. In November 2013, the channel introduced a new initiative of "weather all the time" in response to the criticism; all original programming – which was rebranded under the tagline Natural Drama – now had direct relevance to weather-related subjects, and the network reemphasized its promise to interrupt original programming either regionally or nationally during major weather events; in addition, The Weather Channel extended the display of its lower display line (which also experienced a design revamp as part of the introduction of a new graphics package) to commercial breaks and through entire broadcasts of its original programs.[19]

text: In August 2015, reports surfaced that The Weather Company's owners were considering a sale of all or part of the venture, having hired Morgan Stanley and PJT Partners to explore their options.[20] On October 28, 2015, it was announced that IBM would acquire most of The Weather Company's assets, including weather.com, Weather Underground, the related mobile applications, and their underlying data platforms, for an undisclosed amount.[21] IBM plans to leverage its Watson technology as part of the acquisition, foreseeing its use for weather analytics and predictions. The deal, which closed the following January,[1] does not include The Weather Channel itself, which remains owned by the Bain/Blackstone/NBCUniversal consortium, and entered into a long-term licensing agreement with IBM for use of its weather data and "The Weather Channel" name and branding.[21][22][23][23]

text: In August 2016, reports surfaced that Sinclair Broadcast Group expressed interest in acquiring ownership of The Weather Channel.[24]

text: International versions[edit]

text: Over the years, attempts to broadcast international versions of TWC – apart from the Australian version of The Weather Channel (now Sky News Weather Channel) – have failed. TWC also operates websites that provide localized forecasts in Brazil, France, Germany, India, Latin America and the United Kingdom, but some of these sites apparently have not been developed further since 2003. The Weather Channel also shares radar imagery and forecasts with The Weather Network in Canada, particularly for The Weather Channel's Canadian forecasts.

text:
A U.K. version of The Weather Channel operated from September 1, 1996, to January 30, 1998, when it was shut down due to low viewership. It shared channel space with Sky Movies Gold/Sky Box Office 2, The Racing Channel and Galavision, airing for five hours a day. It was designed for cable as it had local weather information for specific regions; in some areas, it was carried on cable providers 24 hours a day.
TWC also operated The Weather Channel Latin America, a Spanish-language network serving Mexico, Puerto Rico and South America. This network launched in 1996 and existed until December 20, 2002, when it ceased operations due to budget cuts. The channel's three original on-camera weather presenters were Paola Elorza, Sal Morales and Mari Carmen Ramos; all three left the channel within a year of its launch and respectively went on to work for Univision in Miami, Telemundo in Los Angeles, and CNN International in Atlanta. In 1998, a Portuguese version was launched in Brazil, which ceased operations on the same date due to low ratings.

text: Local on the 8s[edit]

text: Since its inception, The Weather Channel has broadcast segments providing local weather observations and forecasts generated by WeatherStar systems ("STAR" being an acronym for Satellite Transponder Addressable Receiver), proprietary computer units that are installed at the headends of individual cable providers. Until 1995, the forecast segments aired at various times each hour, but are currently shown at times ending in "8" – as such, in 1996 (although it would not be used full-time until 2002), the channel adopted "Local on the 8s" as the title for the segments (though local forecast segments aired on the channel are reduced to once per half-hour whenever non-forecast programs air). With the introduction of the IntelliStar system (the sixth-generation STAR system, which was introduced in 2002), traffic information was also generated that provided roadway flow, construction and accident information for metropolitan areas where traffic.com (via its TrafficPulse service) provides traffic data; however, this feature was eliminated from the IntelliStar's programmed "flavors" (the arrangements of specialized segments played during individual local forecasts) when traffic.com ended its content agreement with TWC in 2010.

text: The WeatherStar systems also utilize a Lower Display Line (LDL) that appears at the bottom of the screen during all programming (until November 2013, it had been limited to only local forecasts and national programming, while being removed from the screen during commercial breaks), providing current conditions for a specific location and two or three towns within 15 miles, almanac data and forecasts on cable headends using the IntelliStar system, and only current conditions and forecasts on cable headends using STAR models from WeatherStar XL and older. WeatherStar units also allow cable providers to scroll text messages when in use, including the capability to broadcast severe weather advisories and warnings in effect for the jurisdiction in which the WeatherStar system's cable headend is located and its immediate surrounding area.

text: Related services[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text:
Service
Description

The Weather Channel HD
The Weather Channel launched a high definition simulcast feed – which broadcasts in the 1080i resolution format – on September 26, 2007, initially available on DirecTV. As of 2014[update], all of the network's programming is currently produced in high definition (with the exception of It Could Happen Tomorrow, Full Force Nature and older episodes of Storm Stories), which is presented on the standard definition channel in a modified letterboxed format that fills space that would usually be filled by black bars with weather information provided by the Lower Display Line at the bottom of the screen. The Weather Channel HD is carried on most major cable and satellite providers (such as Comcast Xfinity, Time Warner Cable, Cox Communications, Cablevision, AT&T U-verse, Charter Communications, DirecTV and Dish Network), many of which added the HD feed throughout the fourth quarter of 2007 and the first quarter of 2008.
When the HD feed was launched, none of the channel's programming was actually presented in high definition, outside of a national "satellite" version of the "Local on the 8s" segment; Epic Conditions and WeatherVentures became the channel's first two programs to be presented in HD, when they premiered on October 1, 2007. TWC began broadcasting studio programming in high definition on June 2, 2008, with the introduction of a new studio that features various environmentally friendly technologies.
The IntelliStar 2, the seventh-generation STAR system and the first to generate graphical weather data in HD, was officially released in July 2010 (although similar to previous recent STAR systems, among its modifications include an animated Lower Display Line and a Vocal Local narration track recorded by TWC meteorologist Jim Cantore).[citation needed] The system was gradually rolled out to major U.S. cable providers strictly for use on the HD feed, and would not replace existing operational STAR units from IntelliStar and older used on TWC's standard definition feed or Weatherscan, making it one of the few channels which by necessity does not have an "autotune to HD" version for providers that utilize set-top boxes allowing HD tuning to standard definition channel positions, unless the HD version has local forecast capabilities. As of August 2015, some providers (such as Comcast) are using the IntelliStar 2 on the standard definition channel in some locations.[25] DirecTV began carrying the "Local on the 8s" segment in HD via an app on set-top boxes on September 29, 2009.[26]

The Weather Channel on Demand
The Weather Channel on Demand is the channel's video-on-demand service, offering a selection of episodes of its original series and original specials to digital cable and IPTV providers. Unlike the linear television channel and its sister website, the service does not provide national or local weather forecasts.

Weatherscan
Weatherscan (originally called Weatherscan Local until 2003) is a companion digital cable and satellite channel that was launched in 1999, which maintains a format consisting of local weather forecasts in a continuous loop uninterrupted by commercials. Available in fewer markets than The Weather Channel, it is primarily available on the digital tiers of some cable providers (however, certain systems carry Weatherscan on a basic tier, where The Weather Channel is traditionally carried); a separate feed for satellite subscribers launched on Dish Network in the summer of 2010. Weatherscan's forecast products are generated by an IntelliStar unit at the cable provider's headend, which is configured differently than those systems used by The Weather Channel; the systems feature different graphics and include additional weather products. Weatherscan displays an "L"-bar (similar to that used by the now-defunct NBC Weather Plus) that provides current conditions and weather forecasts for a particular location and its surrounding area at all times during programming, with weather information also being shown on the top right two-thirds of the screen.

Local Now
Local Now is an companion over-the-top channel that launched in late 2015. Similar in format to Weatherscan, the service maintains a format consisting of local weather forecasts, traffic reports and news headlines as well as local news and sports in a continuous loop. The service is distributed to over-the-top streaming services modeled similarly to traditional pay television providers as well as on an app for iOS and Android for those who subscribe to The Weather Channel through pay-TV.[16][18]

text: Radio and newspaper presence[edit]

text: The Weather Channel provides forecasts for satellite radio provider Sirius XM Radio in the United States. Both services run regional forecasts on a single station, and operate several individual stations providing combined local weather and traffic information for major metropolitan areas.

text: TWC also maintains content partnerships with a number of local U.S. radio stations to provide local forecasts, using announcers separate from the meteorologists seen on the television channel. For some affiliates, The Weather Channel provides a limited amount of live coverage during local severe weather events (with the Georgia-based announcers connected via ISDN). Distribution of TWC radio content is currently handled by Westwood One.

text: Similarly, The Weather Channel also provides weather reports for a number of newspapers around the United States. This included a half-page national forecast for USA Today, for which TWC provided content until September 2012, when rival AccuWeather replaced The Weather Channel as the paper's forecast provider[27] with TWC's forecasts being replaced with AccuWeather's on the USAToday.com website one month later.

text: Online services[edit]

text: TWC provided numerous customized forecasts for online users through its website, weather.com, including home and garden, and event planning forecasts. Third-party web analytics providers Alexa and SimilarWeb rated the site as the 146th and 244th most visited website in the world respectively, as of July 2015.[28][29] SimilarWeb rates the site as the second most visited weather website globally, attracting more than 126 million visitors per month.[29][30]

text: It also provided WAP access for mobile phone users, desktop widgets for quick reference by computer users, and customized weather feeds for individual websites. Cell phone customers could also receive local forecasts from TWC sent to their mobile handsets via SMS by sending a text message with their ZIP code to 42278 (which spells "4cast"). The Weather Channel also provided weather forecasts for other online services including Yahoo!.[31]

text: In addition, The Weather Channel maintained apps for the iPhone, iPad, Android, Apple TV, Kindle Fire, and Windows mobile and tablet platforms. TWC formerly maintained two versions of its mobile applications: a free version that incorporates advertising and a pay version called "TWC Max" that does not feature advertising, the latter was discontinued in favor of an all ad-supported model on January 6, 2014. Aside from location-based weather forecast information, the apps provided radar maps, and tropical and seasonal updates, as well as social media related functions that track weather-related Twitter messages and allow users to send Facebook friends severe weather alerts. The channel also disseminated severe weather information, and photos and videos submitted by meteorologists and viewers, on its Twitter feed (@TWCBreaking, which also served as a hashtag usable for posts).

text: In July 2012, The Weather Company (former owner of The Weather Channel) purchased competing weather website Weather Underground. While The Weather Channel already had success with its own mobile apps, it planned to use Weather Underground's large network of digital forecasting and tracking websites to bolster its digital growth. Weather Underground operates separately from The Weather Channel and continues to provide its own forecasts, though its website incorporates some weather news and video content from TWC.[32]

text: The website weather.com and most of The Weather Channel's digital assets were sold to IBM in January 2016.[1]

text: Programming[edit]

text: Weather forecast programming made up TWC's entire schedule prior to its incorporation of weather-related original programming – referred in network promotional materials and press releases as "long-form programming" – in 2000 (with few breakaways from its forecast programs prior to then, outside of educational program The Weather Classroom, an original program produced as part of the cable television industry's Cable in the Classroom initiative). The number of hours devoted to TWC's in-studio forecast programs have steadily eroded since then. The network's live studio programs air regularly from 5:00 a.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern Time on weekdays and 5:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Eastern Time on weekends and holidays. AMHQ airs weekdays between 5:00 and 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time; these are followed by The Weather Channel's flagship program, Weather Center Live which airs from 9:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m. Eastern., and the network's evening program, Weather Underground which airs from 6:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern. On weekends, AMHQ airs from 5:00 a.m. to 9:00 a.m., followed by Weekend Recharge from 9:00 am to 12:00 p.m.

text: The Weather Channel also broadcasts original weather-related documentary/entertainment series and specials. These programs run from 8:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. Eastern Time on weekdays and 12:00 p.m. to 5:00 a.m. Eastern Time on weekends and holidays (they also run from 12:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Eastern Time on Mondays). During severe weather events affecting portions of the United States, The Weather Channel may preempt original programming in favor of airing special extended editions of Weather Center Live (which move the color of the word "LIVE" from blue to red) to provide long-form coverage and analysis until it stops; in some events, the on-air graphics (including Lower Display Line) can go black-and-red (similar to colors that WCL uses); pre-emptions vary between local (isolated to viewers in the region affected by a particular weather event) and nationwide, depending upon the impact of the weather phenomenon/story and if a local provider utilizes a later model WeatherStar unit that allows the use of dual feeds that can substitute programming with long-form weather coverage in a given area. And also, during all of these events, the jingles that WCL uses is used to replace the normal one on Local on the 8's.

text: Movies[edit]

text: In a move that caused controversy with many longtime viewers, The Weather Channel began airing weather-related movies on Friday nights on October 30, 2009. The first feature to be broadcast by the channel was the 2000 film The Perfect Storm.[33]

text: After December 2009, these weekly movies were discontinued for the time being in favor of running Weather Center, which already aired throughout primetime during the rest of the work week. Despite the controversy, the Friday night film block resumed on March 26, 2010 under the title "Flick and a Forecast," co-hosted by The Weather Channel meteorologist Jen Carfagno and MSNBC contributor Touré, with the documentary Into Thin Air: Deaths on Everest. During the broadcasts, the Lower Display Line that normally appears on TWC shows to provide local weather information (with breakaways during forecast and most long-form programs only for commercial breaks) was removed, appearing only a few times each hour during the film as a substitute for the standard "Local on the 8s" segments, with a translucent TWC logo bug appearing at other times during the film when the LDL was not on-screen.

text: While the films shown within the "Flick and a Forecast" block were weather-related in some form, some films featured (such as Misery and Deep Blue Sea) had only a minimal tie to weather. On May 31, 2010, NewsBlues reported The Weather Channel's decision to cancel the movie block, due in part to viewer criticism of movies being shown on what is intended as a news and information channel, as well as a snafu that occurred during an April 2010 tornado outbreak that led to a scheduled movie being aired instead of wall-to-wall severe weather coverage. The "Flick and a Forecast" presentations were then replaced by an additional hour of Weather Center and a two-hour block of long-form original programs.

text: Notable current personalities[edit]

text: On-camera meteorologists[edit]

text:
Stephanie Abrams: AMHQ (2003–present)
Mike Bettes: Meteorologist, anchor of Weather Underground and lead tornado tracker (2003–present)
Jen Carfagno: AMHQ (2003–present)
Kelly Cass: AMHQ Weekend (2000–present)
Paul Goodloe: Weekend Recharge (1999–present)
Maria LaRosa: Weekend Recharge (2010–present)
Reynolds Wolf: AMHQ Weekend (2012–present)

text: Specialists[edit]

text:
Jim Cantore: Storm specialist, AMHQ co-anchor (1986–present)
Greg Forbes: Severe Weather Expert (1999–present)
Bryan Norcross: Tropical Weather specialist (2010–present)

text: Reporters[edit]

text:
Dave Malkoff: Field/Feature reporter (2012–present)
Mike Seidel: Meteorologist, field reporter (1992–present)

text: Former personalities[edit]

text:
John Coleman: Founder of The Weather Channel; deceased
John Hope: Meteorologist/hurricane expert 1982–1998; deceased
Vivian Brown: 1986–2015
Crystal Egger: 2010–2013; now with KNBC in Los Angeles
Al Roker: 2009–2015; current co-host of Today
Dave Schwartz: 1991–2008, 2014–2016; deceased
Sam Champion: 2014–2016
Anaridis Rodriguez: 2014–2017; now at WBZ-TV[34]

text: Branding[edit]

text: Logos[edit]

text: The Weather Channel's first and most recognized logo was a blue rectangular box with rounded edges that debuted with The Weather Channel's first broadcast on May 2, 1982. This logo was revised in 1996, with the corners becoming less rounded and the logo becoming slightly flat. The weather.com URL text was permanently added underneath the logo in 1999. On August 15, 2005, the logo was overhauled again; the logo became a straight-edged square with no white trim on the edge and "The Weather Channel" text became oriented in title-case and left-justified, similar to its Canadian sister channel The Weather Network. A 25th anniversary logo used in 2007 featured a white square edged in blue connected to the current logo with the text "25 YEARS" inside it in blue.

text: When NBCUniversal acquired the network in 2008, the network has participated in the "Green is Universal" campaign, which occurs twice a year, usually during April and November. The network's logo changes to a shade of green as part of the campaign promoting environmental conservation.

text:
May 2, 1982–October 1996

October 1996–August 15, 2005

August 15, 2005–present

Green is Universal/Earth Week logo

The Weather Channel HD logo, 2008–present

text: Slogans[edit]

text:
1982–1983: We Take the Weather Seriously, But Not Ourselves.
1983–1984: The Cable Television Network for America's Lifestyle.
1984–1986: Weatherproofing America.
1986–1991: You Need Us, The Weather Channel, for Everything You Do.
1991–1996: Weather You Can Always Turn To.
1996–1998: No Place on Earth Has Better Weather.
1998-2001: Keeping you ahead of the Storm
2001–2005: Live By It.
2005–2008: Bringing Weather to Life.
June 2–late 2008: The Weather Has Never Looked Better.
2009–early 2010: The Sounds of Weather. Hear It, See It, Live It.
2013–present: It's Amazing Out There.
2015–present: Where You Get Your Weather Matters (current promotional campaign).

text: Controversy[edit]

text: Cable and satellite carriage disputes[edit]

text: Dish Network carriage dispute[edit]

text: On May 20, 2010, Dish Network announced that it was dropping The Weather Channel at 12:00 a.m. Eastern Time that day in favor of its own similar weather information channel, The Weather Cast. The carriage dispute was over the rates that The Weather Channel asked Dish Network to pay: from 11¢ per subscriber per month[35] to 12¢,[36] a 9% increase, totaling $140,000 per month. The dispute was also over The Weather Channel's programming format shifting from an information-based channel to an entertainment-based service.[37] The Weather Channel said in a statement, "Dish has chosen to be the first distributor to drop The Weather Channel rather than pay the standard industry rates others in the industry have already agreed to pay",[36] and encouraged Dish Network customers to switch to other pay television providers. Dave Shull, senior vice president for programming for Dish Network said The Weather Channel's fees were harder for the satellite provider to justify paying as more people receive weather information through the internet and mobile services: "They're looking for bid increases when I feel like there's a real migration to the Web, and it's difficult to really justify those rate increases at this time."[38]

text: On May 24, 2010, The Weather Channel announced that it had reached a new multi-year carriage agreement with Dish Network,[39] the financial terms of which were not disclosed. Despite the earlier announcement that The Weather Channel would be dropped, the channel was never officially removed from Dish Network. The Weather Cast ceased operations in anticipation of the launch of a Weatherscan-based service announced as part of the agreement that would provide local weather information for Dish Network customers. The proposed movie scheduled for the Friday after the deal was struck (May 28), Gorillas in the Mist, was dropped in favor of a six-hour marathon of Tornado Road.

text: DirecTV carriage dispute[edit]

text: DirecTV removed The Weather Channel from its lineup at 12:00 a.m. Eastern Time on January 14, 2014, after the two parties were unable to come to terms on a new carriage agreement;[40] as a result, DirecTV became the first major pay television provider to drop the channel in its history.[41] Two weeks before the channel's carriage agreement was set to expire on December 31 (after which the deadline for a new carriage deal was extended by two weeks), the satellite provider began carrying WeatherNation TV (the successor to The Weather Cast and owned by WeatherNation, LLC) on channel 361 on December 16, 2013 – placing the channel next to The Weather Channel's slot on channel 362;[42] WeatherNation replaced The Weather Channel on channel 362 – while still being carried on channel 361 – when TWC was pulled.[41][43]

text: The Weather Channel's chief executive officer David Kenny stated that it offered DirecTV the best rate for its programming (according to SNL Kagan, The Weather Channel's average carriage fee at the time was 13¢ per subscriber), and blasted the satellite provider's removal of the channel by stating that it was putting profits ahead of public safety.[40] Representatives for DirecTV stated that it added WeatherNation TV in response to subscriber complaints regarding the number of reality programs on The Weather Channel, which it estimated had amounted to 40% of its daily schedule[41][43] (WeatherNation TV, which outside of its carriage by DirecTV is primarily carried on broadcast television stations as a main channel affiliation or a digital multicast service, does not run programming outside of forecasts with the only interruption in its weather coverage coming from affiliates that carry children's programs to fulfill FCC educational programming requirements; however, WeatherNation has been criticized for its absence of live programming, which TWC does provide, especially during significant weather events[44]). DirecTV stated that weather information is also available through broadcast television stations carried as part of its local channel tier, as well as the provider's designated emergency channels.[43] The Weather Channel fought back by airing commercials encouraging people to not subscribe to DirecTV by parodying the provider's popular "When You..." ad campaign, which is this:

text:
“
When you get DIRECTV, you get a lot of channels. When you get a lot of channels, you expect TWC. When you don't get TWC, you call and cancel DIRECTV. When you call to cancel, they threaten you with huge cancellation fees. When you feel threatened, you take matters into your own hands. And when you take matters into your own hands, you do things that terrify your neighborhood children. Aren't you glad you don't have DIRECTV?
”

text: On April 8, 2014, The Weather Channel and DirecTV both settled on a new agreement (TWC decided to alter its programming lineup by trimming the amount of reality programming on weekdays in half, restricting them to its nighttime schedule, in response to complaints from DirecTV subscribers), with the provider restoring the channel on channel 362 the following day. Access to local weather content using the red button feature did not return until May 2, 2014.[45]

text: Removal by Verizon FiOS[edit]

text: Verizon FiOS dropped The Weather Channel and its sister network Weatherscan from its lineup at 12:00 a.m. Eastern Time on March 10, 2015 after the two parties were unable to come to terms on a new carriage agreement. The services have respectively been replaced by the AccuWeather Network (which launched on March 10) and a widget provided by FiOS featuring forecast content provided by WeatherBug. No public announcement was made regarding the removal until over 12 hours after TWC and Weatherscan were pulled.[46][47][48] The Weather Channel offered a less expensive deal to Verizon FiOS, which rejected the offer. Verizon cited the wide availability of the internet and mobile apps for consumers to access weather content any time of day as the reason for dropping TWC and its services.[49][50] It is unknown if Frontier FiOS customers in clusters formerly served by Verizon are affected, including (as of April 1, 2016) the recently acquired clusters from California, Texas, and Florida.

text: A representative for the network said in a statement, "We were disappointed when, without warning late yesterday, March 9, Verizon FiOS dropped The Weather Channel from their lineup while our companies continued to be in active conversations regarding a contract renewal. FiOS customers have enjoyed a bundle of services from The Weather Channel including the network, Weatherscan, On-Demand, a Weather Widget and streaming on mobile devices. During a winter with record-breaking storms and severe weather, The Weather Channel responded with non-stop live coverage, including the ongoing presence of our crews reporting live from hard-hit communities within the Verizon FiOS footprint. This coverage resulted in The Weather Channel being the only major cable network to grow in February."

text: The Weather Channel had earlier signed renewal agreements with major providers that are members of the National Cable Television Cooperative (NCTC), including Time Warner Cable and Cox Communications. However, representatives for the channel were shocked that "Verizon FiOS would deny their subscribers access to the best live weather coverage and expertise that only The Weather Channel can provide." While Verizon claimed it was a long-term business decision (instead of a carriage dispute) that it made, The Weather Channel launched a campaign, originally urging viewers to contact FiOS about restoring the cable channel and its services. But, seeing that Verizon is not planning on bringing the channel and its services back in the near future, The Weather Channel now urges its viewers to switch providers.[51]

text: Winter storm naming[edit]

text: In the fall of 2012, The Weather Channel began to assign names to major winter storm systems. The channel's management stated the decision to start naming notable winter storms came as a way to more easily spread knowledge and raise awareness. By naming winter storms, TWC stated that the public would find it easier to follow storm information, social media will be able to refer to and discuss the storm, and people will have an easier time referring to the storm after it occurs.[52] Most independent sources identify the use of winter storm names by The Weather Channel as a form of search engine optimization-friendly branding.[53]

text: The first winter storm to be named by TWC was a nor'easter that hit the East Coast of the United States in November 2012, which it named after the Greek goddess Athena. During the 2012–13 season, The Weather Channel named 27 winter storms (Athena, Brutus, Caesar, Draco, Euclid, Freyr, Gandolf, Helen, Iago, Jove, Khan, Luna, Magnus, Nemo, Orko, Plato, Q, Rocky, Saturn, Triton, Ukko, Virgil, Walda, Xerxes, Yogi, Zeus and Achilles).[54] During the 2013-14 season, The Weather Channel named 26 winter storms (Atlas, Boreas, Cleon, Dion, Electra, Falco, Gemini, Hercules, Ion, Janus, Kronos, Leon, Maximus, Nika, Orion, Pax, Seneca, Titan, Ulysses, Vulcan, Wiley, Xenia, Yona and Zephyr). Multiple factors are taken into consideration when deciding whether to name a winter storm. This includes, but is not limited to, predicted snowfall and other precipitation, wind speeds, and the timing of the storm.[52]

text: The Weather Channel has provided the reasoning behind their decision to name certain storms, in particular Athena,[55] Brutus,[56] Gandolf,[57] Iago,[58] Khan,[59] Luna,[60] Magnus,[61] Nemo,[62] Saturn,[63] and Virgil.[64]

text: In response, the National Weather Service announced on November 7, 2012, that it would not recognize The Weather Channel’s names for winter storms, stating in a press release that it "does not use the name of winter storms in its products."[65][66][67] Similarly, references to the names are generally limited on TWC-provided forecasts seen on NBC's news programs.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The film Back to the Future Part II has a futuristic version of The Weather Channel that looks similar to the present day logo in the year 2015 (but centered, in Italic and without the blue box and with the planet Earth).
In the film The Day After Tomorrow, The Weather Channel shows a tornado warning for Los Angeles.
In the film Home Alone 3, The Weather Channel shows a forecast for Chicago while a kid is watching The Weather Channel.
In the Season 9 finale of the sitcom Friends, Rachel Green (played by Jennifer Aniston) tunes into The Weather Channel in her hotel room in Barbados, as TWC on-camera meteorologist Alexandra Steele says it is sunny in New York City (the regular setting for the series); Rachel, as a result, frustratedly calls her a "weather bitch".
The Weather Channel was featured in the film Sharknado 2: The Second One, which aired on sister property (through NBCUniversal) Syfy.
The Weather Channel was mentioned on a Ziggy comic for November 25, 2015.


document_title: The Book of Love (The Magnetic Fields song)

question_text: who wrote the book of love peter gabriel

root

text: Versions[edit]

text: It was covered by the American indie band The Airborne Toxic Event in the live album All I Ever Wanted: Live from Walt Disney Concert Hall featuring Calder Quartet. The live recording was released on Island Def Jam Records.

tag: p

text: The Croatian musicians 2Cellos recorded an instrumental version on their album In2ition.

text: Peter Gabriel version[edit]

text:
"The Book of Love / Not One of Us"Single by Peter Gabriel / Stephin Merrittfrom the album 'Scratch My Back / And I'll Scratch Yours'Released
30 January 2010Recorded
2009Length
The Book of Love (3:53) "Not One of Us" (3:58)Songwriter(s)
Peter Gabriel ("Not One of Us")

tag: table

text: When The Magnetic Fields appeared at The Lyric Theatre, Hammersmith in January 2001 to play the whole of 69 Love Songs, they were joined by Peter Gabriel for an encore of "The Book of Love". He subsequently recorded the song for the soundtrack of the 2004 movie Shall We Dance.

text: Gabriel's version also appeared on his Scratch My Back album in 2010. Gabriel originally intended to release Scratch My Back and And I'll Scratch Yours simultaneously. However, as completion of the latter dragged out, it was instead decided to release a series of double A-sided singles with one song from each album every new full moon during 2010 on iTunes.[1] The first of such singles was actually "The Book of Love" — Gabriel's cover of a Magnetic Fields song, together with "Not One of Us" — Stephin Merritt's (The Magnetic Fields' frontman) cover of a Peter Gabriel song. The double A side single "The Book of Love" / "Not One of Us" was released on 30 January 2010.,[2] on the day of January 2010's full moon.[3]

text: On 17 April 2010 "The Book of Love" / "Not One of Us" as well as the follow-ups "Flume" / "Come Talk to Me" were also released on 7" vinyl to independent record stores.[4]

text: Track list

text:
Side-A: "The Book of Love" (Peter Gabriel) (3:53)
Side-B: "Not One of Us" (Peter Gabriel featuring Stephin Merritt) (3:58)

tag: ol

text: Gavin James version[edit]

text:
The Book of Love EP
EP by Gavin JamesReleased
March 23, 2015Recorded
2014-15Length
14:21Label
Good Soldier / Believe  Sony (distribution)

text:
"The Book of Love"Single by Gavin Jamesfrom the album Bitter PillReleased
January 2, 2015Format
CD single, digital downloadRecorded
2014Length
3:15Label
Good Soldier / BelieveSongwriter(s)
Stephin MerrittGavin James singles chronology

"The Book of Love" (2015)

"String Module Error: Match not found" (String Module Error: Match not found)

"The Book of Love"

"For You"

Music video
"The Book of Love" on YouTube

text: In 2015, Irish singer-songwriter Gavin James recorded his version appearing on his EP single The Book of Love. The Book of Love EP contains four versions, the official radio track, and three remixes by Raffertie, by JOY (Rework) and Young Wonder.

text: The track appeared also in a 4 track EP by James called For Love and eventually was included on his album Bitter Pill.

text: The single charted in Belgium reaching number 10 on the Ultratop official chart. It also charted in the Netherlands both on Dutch Top 40 and Single Top 100.

text: Track list[5]

text:
"The Book of Love" (3:15)
"The Book of Love" (Raffertie remix) (3:40)
"The Book of Love" (JOY. rework) (3:43)
"The Book of Love" (Young Wonder remix) (3:43)

text: Charts

text:
Chart (2014–15)

Peakposition

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[6]

10

Belgium (Ultratip Wallonia)[7]

22

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[8]

35

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[9]

31

text: "Il Libro Dell' Amore (The Book of Love)" by 2CELLOS feat. Zucchero[edit]

text: The song was translated into Italian as "Il Libro Dell' Amore" and rerecorded by Italian singer Zucchero accompanied by the Croatian duo musicians 2Cellos.

text: 2Cellos had earlier recorded an instrumental version of the album on their album In2ition.

text: Cheryl Bentyne version[edit]

text:
Cheryl Bentyne covered "The Book of Love" on her 2006 album The Book of Love, accompanied by gospel singer Mark Kibble.
[10]

text: Chaps Choir version[edit]

text: On 30 April 2016, the Islington, London-based all-men Chaps Choir released its live version of "The Book of Love" as Side B of a Double A sided 7" vinyl single with Side A being "Anyone Who Knows What Love Is (Will Understand)" by Samantha Whates featuring Chaps Choir. Directed by musician Dominic Stichbury, the Chaps Choir version was recorded at the Union Chapel in Islington and released independently on 2016 Good Chap Records and available as a 7" vinyl and digitally.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text:
The Peter Gabriel cover version was featured in Scrubs during the series finale, "My Finale".
It was used in the 2004 movie, Shall We Dance?.
Gabriel's version was used in the American TV series South Park in the episode "Tweek x Craig".[11]
In 2014, contestant Sequoia LaDeil sang it during the knockout phase in season 4 of The Voice of Germany broadcast on ProSieben and Sat.1
It appears in the 2014 movie  Extraterrestrial.
In July 2015, Zoë sang it on the finale of the German The Voice Kids, a singing contest for children of 8 to 14 years old.
In September 2015, Dutch contestant Jasper van Aarst sang it during the Blind Auditions of season 6 of The Voice of Holland becoming part of Team Anouk.
James Patrick Stuart performed the song during the Nurse's Ball on the American soap opera General Hospital

tag: ul


document_title: Cory in the House

question_text: who sings cory in the house theme song

question_tokens: who sings cory in the house theme song

text: Cory in the House

text: Production

text: After the completion of That's So Raven, propositions were made for a spin-off including That's So Raven Too! which was accompanied by a soundtrack of the same name, and would have been about Raven going off to college. Raven-Symoné was offered the spin-off, but she declined it, therefore Disney Channel decided to give it to Kyle Massey. Raven-Symoné would later return for the Raven's Home spin-off in 2017.

text: The first episode on January 12, 2007, was a sneak peek. The show was created by Marc Warren and Dennis Rinsler, who produced Full House and That's So Raven. Cory in the House began filming on July 18, 2006, at Hollywood Center Studios (where The Suite Life of Zack & Cody and That's So Raven were filmed) and uses a studio audience in some scenes.

text: Similar to Hannah Montana, many of the episode titles are parodies of popular songs. For example, "We Built This Kitty on Rock and Roll" comes from "We Built This City", "Mall of Confusion" from "Ball of Confusion", "Smells Like School Spirit" from "Smells Like Teen Spirit", and "Ain't Miss Bahavian" from "Ain't Misbehavin'".

text: Episodes

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
21
January 12, 2007 (2007-01-12)
September 21, 2007 (2007-09-21)

2
13
November 17, 2007 (2007-11-17)
September 12, 2008 (2008-09-12)

text: Cast and characters

text: Main characters

text:
Cory Baxter (Kyle Massey) is the protagonist of the series. He is the son of Victor and Tanya Baxter. A teenager, Cory lives with his father Victor Baxter and is best friends with Newt Livingston, and Meena Paroom, on whom he had a crush. But later admitted that he and Meena were just friends and said "Being friends feels, just right". Cory often is irritated with the President's daughter Sophie Martinez, because of her two-facedness, and also with Candy Smiles, as she keeps calling him "C-Bear". He usually looks to his father for advice. Cory occasionally cooks up various "get-rich-quick" schemes, all of which end badly. He plays in the band DC3 founded by Newt, Cory, and Meena as the Drummer. His catchphrases in this series are "Coming Daddy!","You Know How I Do.","Dang!” and "Daddy No!". Cory is similar to his big sister Raven Baxter (from That's So Raven) and they both are always getting into some crazy situation, but in the end they find a way out of it. When he was much younger he played the same role in "That's So Raven", though there is a notable difference in portrayal, as younger Cory was introduced as a minor annoyance and villain, while on his own show Cory is much more like his older sister. He will do anything in order to get money. He also loves Beyoncé, who he thinks he will "marry" some day. In some episodes, in a humorous climax, Cory's trousers would fall down, revealing his underwear, usually with dollar-signs on them.
Newton "Newt" Livingston III (Jason Dolley) is the son of a senator and the Chief Justice. He is the best friend of Meena Paroom and Cory Baxter. He is a bit clueless and he loves rock and roll. He has some similar characteristics as Raven's friend Chelsea Daniels, (from That's So Raven). He tends to say, "Awesome!" during situations that are not particularly exciting. For example, when the school students were getting flu shots. He has trouble understanding obvious things, yet he has the knowledge to solve confusing things. He plays the guitar (his favorite being a Squier Stratocaster), and is part of DC3. He also knows about Cory's crush on Meena. He wears jeans and chains whenever he is not in any particular costume. Sophie once had a crush on him. He also hates the idea of running for student body president, as he doesn't think he'll make a good leader, and it would totally throw off his care free life style, despite his parents' wanting him to. Even worse is that if he did run for student body president he says he would win even though he wouldn't try thanks to "the Livingston Curse", a curse meaning that a Livingston will win no matter what (though many people would take that as a blessing). Between his parents, his fear of leadership and the Livingston Curse, Newt has been forced (though he enjoys it) to make up excuses for his parents as to why he can't run for student body president, naming the day of the year he makes them up "Excuse Day". His guitar is a Cherry Flaming Red Fender that is tuned for rock 'n roll.
Meena Paroom (Maiara Walsh) is the daughter of the Bahavian ambassador, a fictional country containing cultural elements of India, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan and very similar to Bolivia. She likes to wear American clothing and to listen to rock music, which her father frowns upon. Jason Stickler, the son of the head of the CIA, is obsessed with her to the point of spying on her constantly. Meena's father is very disapproving of Cory and Newt. In Ain't Miss Bahavian he once banned her from being near them because he believed that they had hypnotized her to disrespect their country. Her father later decided to let them still be friends after Meena came clean about the secrets she had been keeping. It's obvious that Cory has a crush on her, and believes that she will like him back if he does nice things for her; however Meena does not return Cory's feelings. She has two different crushes during the series named Craig Berkowitz and Nanoosh. Meena is similar to Eddie (from That's So Raven). They both have a love for music, and are the only one of their gender in their group of three. According to Maiara Walsh, her Bahavian accent is a mix of Brazilian Portuguese and Arabic.
Sophia "Sophie" Martinez (Madison Pettis) is the daughter of President Richard Martinez. She is a mischievous girl who loves to annoy people, especially Cory. She has two best friends, Haley and Tanisha, who often compete with Sophie at random things, like class president. She is also known as "America's Angel" by all of America (though she is not one to Cory), and when her nickname is mentioned she often responds using her catch phrase: "That's what they call me!"
President Richard Martinez (John D'Aquino) is the President of the United States and Sophie's father. He often gives Cory advice and mentorship through fond and submissive ways. He often speaks his catchphrase by looking in the camera (thus breaking the fourth wall) and saying, "The President of the United States". He also tries to be funny and tells jokes that are often humorless like in the episode "A Rat By Any Other Name" and in the episode "Nappers Delight". He often counts on his assistant Samantha Samuels in some cases like in the episode "Just Desserts" and the episode "I Ain't Got Rhythm". His actions as president are very serious although sometimes he may conduct in some childish behavior. He usually enters the scene whistling Hail to the Chief. President Martinez also appears in Hannah Montana in the episode "Take this Job and Love It". In the season 4 Hannah Montana episode "Hannah Montana to the Principal's Office," a new President visits Hannah Montana, implying that President had left office before July 18, 2010 (the date of the episode).

text: Victor Baxter (Rondell Sheridan) is the personal chef of the president in the White House. He is Cory and Raven Baxter's father, and husband of Tanya Baxter. He often resolves conflicts between other characters although he often conflicts with Samantha Samuels. A running gag is that he often embarrasses himself by misinterpreting what people say to him. He also often says "I'll go pack..." when Cory gets in trouble, and another of his catchphrases is "Here comes the pain...". He is the rival of Leonard Stevenson.

text: Recurring characters

text:
Jason Stickler (Jake Thomas), nicknamed "stickman" by himself, attends Washington Prep with the characters and is the rival of Cory Baxter. He is also a classmate of Cory, Newt and Meena's, and has proved to be their enemy. Stickler has a crush on Meena and often disguises himself. He often challenges Cory, by humility, ways to win her heart, even though it's obvious that Meena has no feelings for him because he hasn't learned that he can't make her love him, it takes time for a friendship to grow. And in the end, he was always bested by Cory. His father is a C.I.A agent, that is why he has many gadgets. His father equips him with all the latest CIA technology. Jason often uses the CIA devices to his own benefit, although his plans usually go wrong. He is also sometimes seen with an 1980s-style haircut and is very proficient with the keyboard. His father is 001. He is a fan of Sci-fi movies and films. And much like Sophie, he's sometimes the antagonist and sometimes Cory, Newt, and Meena's friend since he and Cory had dinner together at the Purple Lobster after fighting over Meena on the bathroom ceiling and he helped Cory sneak the President (who was actually Burt Ponsky, the assistant manager of Cheese In A Cup) out of the mall and back into the White House and he helped Newt on his date and he needed Cory and Newt to be his friends since his robot was broken and he has been mentioned going to the movies with Cory, Newt and Meena.
Samantha Samuels (Lisa Arch) is President Richard Martinez's Personal Assistant. She is very strict and likes things fit to the President's needs. She hates Cory's schemes in which he tries to make money, which end up involving the President. Chef Victor affectionately describes Samantha as "overly stressed". She likes bird calls, and can do them better than the President. Samantha does however have a soft side which she showed to Sophie during her slumber party in "I Ain't Got No Rhythm" as it was her first one and she was ecstatic. Sophie sometimes assigns her to do her homework. It is revealed in "The Presidential Seal" that Samantha has heterochromia, when she said that she only had one grey eye.
Candy Smiles (Jordan Puryear) is a girl who attends Washington Prep and has a 4.0 Grade Point Average. She hates the lack of pep in the school in the "Smell of School Spirit". She went out with Cory a couple of times and in "We Don't Have Chemistry" they share a kiss. She is also best friends with Meena and has a black belt in karate revealed in We Have No Chemistry. She also tutored Cory in Chemistry because he was about to go to summer school. She went out with a guy named Juan Carlos making Cory jealous in "Macho Libre". She has also been to Mexico and likes Mexican things. She also knows where a certain pressure point is on the body, and whenever she is angry at Cory, she'll use it on him.
Tanisha (Zolee Griggs) is a bratty, spoiled 4th grader who is one of Sophie's classmates. As claimed by Sophie, she is the most popular girl in her class. She is one of the Sunshine Girls with Sophie. Tanisha cheated her way to being class president by fake crying. She appears in several different episodes. However, in some episodes it can be questioned that Tanisha and Sophie are friends, even though at first she seemed like Sophie's enemy. In "I Ain't Got No Rhythm" she nearly left Sophie's sleepover because she did not like Samantha.
Haley (Brianne Tju) is one of Sophie's best friends, and somewhat high-strung. She is terrified of school or any kind of work. Haley's mother also taught her that you should talk about people behind their backs when you don't like them (which is shown in the episode 'Making The Braid'). Haley is a Sunshine Girl, like Tanisha and Sophie. She also really likes ice cream, and was part of Sophie's singing group "The Pink Cupcakes" along with Tanisha.

text: Guest stars

text:
Actor
Character

Raven-Symoné
Raven Baxter

Dwayne "The Rock" Johnson
Himself

Don Stark
Prime Minister Schozoff

George Takei
Ronald

Josie Loren
Jessica

Lupe Ontiveros
Mama Martinez

Christa B. Allen
Cheyenne

Brittany Finamore
Jennifer Covington

Bobb'e J. Thompson
Stanley

Michael Steger
Juan Carlos

Dan Mott
The Juicer

Jarron Vosburg
Craig Berkowitz

Chris Coppola
Carl

Mary Chris Wall
Professor Bushwick

Kate Micucci
Becky

Lee Reherman
Slade

Tanya Chisholm
Nicole

text: Theme song and opening sequence

text: The theme song to "Cory in the House", was written and produced by Matthew Gerrard and Robbie Nevil, and performed by Kyle Massey, Maiara Walsh, and Jason Dolley (though the closing credits of the show credit the performance of the theme song only to Massey). An alternate theme song "Rollin' to D.C." is also sung by Massey and Walsh and was used in the music video to promote the series.

text: Merchandise

text: DVD releases

text:
Name
Release Date
Episode(s) Featured
Special Features

All-Star Edition
August 7, 2007

"Air Force One Too Many"
"Just Desserts"
Never The Dwayne Shall Meet"
"That's So In The House"

Raven In The House – Behind the scenes of "That's So In The House"
Rock In The House – Behind the scenes of "Never The Dwayne Shall Meet"

Wish Gone Amiss
November 27, 2007

"Gone Wishin'"

Newt And Improved
May 27, 2008

"The Presidential Seal"
"Through The Roof"
"Peace, Love, And Misunderstanding"
"Lip Service"

Breaking Down – Get the inside scoop on how an episode is made from start to finish

text: Video game

text: The Cory in the House franchise has spawned one video game, of which it shares the same name. The game was released in 2008 for the Nintendo DS.

text: Broadcast

text: The series originally aired from January 12, 2007, to September 12, 2008, on Disney Channel. The Show Returned To Disney Channel On August 14, 2014, As Part Of Disney Replay That Airs Thursdays 12am-6am It premiered on the same date on Family Channel and on June 1, 2011, on Disney XD (Canada). In the United Kingdom and Ireland it premiered on January 28, 2007, on Disney Channel and on September 5, 2009, on Disney XD. It premiered on February 2, 2007, on Disney Channel (Australia and New Zealand),[1] on April 27, 2007, on Disney Channel (Southeast Asia), and on June 9, 2007, on Disney Channel (India).


document_title: List of states in India by past population

question_text: which state of india population decreased in 2011

text: Census of India[edit]

text: The first population census in India was conducted in 1872. Since then the a decennial census has been conducted in 1881, 1891, 1901, 1911, 1921, 1931, and 1941 by the Government. Since India's independence in 1947, a census has been carried out every 10 years by the Indian Government, starting from 1951.[4] The census in India is carried out by the Office of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner under the Ministry of Home Affairs, and is one of the largest administrative tasks conducted by a federal government.[5]

text: Latest population figures are based on data from the 2011 census of India.[6] During the decade of 2001–2011, India's annual population rising rate has slowed down from 2.15 to 1.76.[6][6] Based on decennial census data, Dadra and Nagar Haveli shows the highest growth rate of 55.5 percent. It is followed by Daman and Diu (53.5 percent), Meghalaya (27.8 percent) and Arunachal Pradesh (25.9 percent). Nagaland recorded the lowest growth rate of -0.5 percent.[6]

text: India has 641,000 inhabited villages and 72.2 percent of the total population reside in these rural areas.[6] Of them 145,000 villages have population size of 500–999 persons; 130,000 villages have population size of 1000–1999 and 128,000 villages have population size of 200–499. There are 3,961 villages that have a population of 10,000 persons or more.[2] India's 27.8 percent urban population lives in more than 5,100 towns and over 380 urban agglomerations.[7] In the decade of 1991–2001, migration to major cities caused rapid increase in urban population.[8][9] On the basis of net migrants by last residence during the past decade, Maharashtra had most immigration with 2.3 million, followed by National Capital Territory of Delhi (1.7 million), Gujarat (0.68 million) and Haryana (0.67 million). Uttar Pradesh (−2.6 million) and Bihar (−1.7 million) topped the list for interstate emigration.[10] The four states of Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and account for almost half (48.89 percent) of the total Indian population.[6]

text: States and union territories of India by past population (1947–2011)[edit]

text: The total geographical area of India is 3,287,240 square kilometres (1,269,210 sq mi)α.[2]

text: As per census data 2011, the total population of India is: 1,210,193,422.[6]

text:
Rank
State or union territory
Population (1951 Census)[11]
Population (1961 Census)[11]
Population (1971 Census)[11]
Population (1981 Census)[11]
Population (1991 Census)[11]
Population (2001 Census)[11]
Population (2011 Census)[11]

1
Uttar Pradesh
60,274,800
70,144,160
83,849,775
105,113,300
132,062,800
166,053,600
199,581,477

2
Maharashtra
32,002,500
39,554,900
50,412,240
62,782,820
78,937,190
96,752,500
112,372,972

3
Bihar
29,085,900
34,841,490
42,126,800
52,303,000
64,531,200
82,879,910
103,804,630

4
West Bengal
26,300,670
34,926,000
44,312,017
54,580,650
68,077,970
80,221,300
91,347,736

5
Madhya Pradesh
18,615,700
23,218,950
30,017,180
38,169,500
48,566,800
60,385,090
72,597,565

6
Tamil Nadu
30,119,680
33,687,100
41,199,170
48,408,080
55,859,300
62,111,390
72,138,958

7
Rajasthan
15,971,130
20,156,540
25,765,810
34,361,860
44,005,990
56,473,300
68,621,012

8
Karnataka
19,402,500
23,587,910
29,299,015
37,135,710
44,977,200
52,734,986
61,130,704

9
Gujarat
16,263,700
20,633,305
26,697,488
34,085,800
41,309,580
50,597,200
60,383,628

10
Andhra Pradesh
31,115,000
35,983,480
43,502,710
53,551,030
66,508,170
75,728,400
49,665,533

11
Odisha
14,646,100
17,549,500
21,944,625
26,370,270
31,659,740
36,707,900
41,947,358

12
Telangana
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A
35,193,978

13
Kerala
13,549,000
16,904,560
21,347,300
25,453,680
29,098,523
31,839,000
33,387,677

14
Jharkhand
9,697,300
11,606,504
14,227,493
17,612,000
21,844,550
26,946,070
32,966,238

15
Assam
8,029,100
10,837,700
14,625,157
18,041,250
22,414,320
26,638,600
31,169,272

16
Punjab
9,160,990
11,135,404
13,551,069
16,788,920
20,281,971
24,289,130
27,704,236

17
Haryana
5,674,400
7,591,190
10,036,430
12,922,122
16,464,600
21,083,900
25,753,081

18
Chhattisgarh
7,457,700
9,154,330
11,637,800
14,010,110
17,615,600
20,834,530
25,540,196

19
Jammu and Kashmir
3,254,650
3,561,100
4,616,632
5,987,389
7,718,700
10,070,300
12,548,926

20
Uttarakhand
2,946,900
3,611,200
4,493,800
5,726,550
7,051,600
8,489,100
10,116,752

21
Himachal Pradesh
2,386,940
2,812,300
3,460,434
4,280,818
5,170,877
6,077,453
6,856,509

22
Tripura
639,984
1,142,282
1,556,342
2,053,058
2,757,205
3,191,880
3,671,032

23
Meghalaya
606,300
769,990
1,011,699
1,335,819
1,774,778
2,306,540
2,964,007

24
Manipurβ
578,060
780,340
1,073,509
1,421,290
1,837,900
2,294,480
2,721,756

25
Nagaland
213,700
369,309
516,110
775,570
1,210,492
1,990,275
1,980,602

26
Goa
547,000
590,875
795,997
1,008,373
1,170,115
1,348,900
1,457,723

27
Arunachal Pradesh
NA
337,300
468,885
632,502
865,900
1,098,328
1,382,611

28
Mizoram
196,970
266,200
332,190
494,440
690,963
889,690
1,091,014

29
Sikkim
138,093
162,863
210,205
316,840
406,000
541,902
607,688

UT1
Delhi
1,744,500
2,659,990
4,066,400
6,220,973
9,421,311
13,851,503
16,753,235

UT2
Puducherry
317,407
369,355
472,836
604,281
808,117
974,820
1,244,464

UT3
Chandigarh
24,948
120,480
257,100
452,960
642,374
901,080
1,054,686

UT4
Andaman and Nicobar Islands
31,480
64,160
115,874
189,496
281,990
356,650
379,944

UT5
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
42,846
58,020
74,880
104,300
138,290
220,963
342,853

UT6
Daman and Diu
49,482
37,587
63,000
79,842
102,110
158,080
242,911

UT7
Lakshadweep
21,000
24,370
32,900
40,250
52,820
61,300
64,429

Total
India
361,088,400
439,235,720
548,160,050
683,329,900
846,421,830
1,028,737,690
1,210,193,422


document_title: Monty Python and the Holy Grail

question_text: monty python and the holy grail who killed the historian

text: Monty Python and the Holy Grail

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film opens with a credit sequence that becomes increasingly ridiculous, first becoming laden with strange pseudo-Swedish commentary about moose, and eventually being replaced with flashy titles in which everyone's name has been changed to something involving llamas.

text: The story proper begins in AD 932 (around 400 years later than an Arthurian tale should). King Arthur and his squire, Patsy, travel throughout Britain searching for men to join the Knights of the Round Table. Arthur stops at a castle, where the guards ask how Arthur found two coconut halves Patsy uses to simulate the sound of horses galloping. Arthur leaves after his encounter becomes a discussion about African and European swallows. Arthur encounters a Black Knight, who will not let them cross a small bridge. A sword fight ensues, with Arthur gaining an increasing advantage, but the Black Knight continues fighting — despite having his arms and legs severed. The Black Knight declares the battle a draw.

text: The villagers of a small town come to Sir Bedevere the Wise, claiming they have captured a witch. Bedevere puts the woman through a test, and she is revealed to be a witch because she weighs the same as a duck. Arthur dubs Bedevere as a Knight of the Round Table, and they are later joined by Sir Lancelot the Brave, Sir Galahad the Pure, and Sir Robin the Not-Quite-So-Brave-as-Sir-Lancelot. The knights reach Camelot, but following a song-and-dance cutaway, Arthur decides not to enter, because "it is a silly place". The group encounters God, who instructs them to seek the Holy Grail.

text: Their first stop is a French-controlled castle. One of the soldiers tells the knights that they already have a grail, then taunts them with ridiculous insults. After a failed invasion of the castle, with the French soldiers throwing animals at them, the knights try sneaking into the castle in a Trojan Rabbit, but they forget to hide inside it. The rabbit is catapulted at them and crushes one of the knights' servants. Arthur decides the group should break into smaller groups to seek the Grail. A modern-day historian, describing the Arthurian legends, is abruptly killed by a knight on horseback, triggering a police investigation.

text: The knights encounter various perils. Arthur and Bedevere attempt to satisfy the strange requests of the dreaded Knights Who Say Ni. Sir Robin avoids a fight with the Three-headed Giant by running away while the heads are arguing. Sir Galahad is led by a grail-shaped beacon to Castle Anthrax, populated by women who wish to perform sexual favours for him, but to Galahad's chagrin, he is "rescued" by Lancelot. Sir Lancelot finds a note tied to an arrow, and after reading it assaults a wedding party at Swamp Castle, believing them to be holding a lady against her will. He discovers that an effeminate prince sent the note, and another song-and-dance routine occurs.

text: The knights regroup and are joined by Sir Gawain, Sir Ector, and Sir Bors, and a group of monks led by Brother Maynard. They encounter Tim the Enchanter, who points them to caves where the location of the grail is written. To enter the caves, the group must defeat the Rabbit of Caerbannog. During a failed attack against the rabbit, it kills Gawain, Ector and Bors. Brother Maynard provides the Holy Hand Grenade of Antioch, which Arthur uses to kill the rabbit. The knights enter the cave and find an inscription written by Joseph of Arimathea, which states that the Grail can be found in the Castle of Aarrgh. The group is attacked by the Legendary Black Beast of Aarrgh, which devours Brother Maynard. Arthur and his knights escape when the beast's animator suffers a fatal heart attack.

text: The group travels to the Bridge of Death, where each knight must answer three questions from the bridge-keeper before proceeding. Lancelot easily answers his questions and crosses the bridge. Robin is confounded by a difficult question, while Galahad gives a wrong answer to an easy one; both are hurled into the Gorge of Eternal Peril. Arthur responds to the bridge-keeper's question with a question, and the bridge-keeper is thrown into the chasm for not knowing the answer.

text: Lancelot, separated from Arthur and Bedevere, is arrested by the police who are investigating the historian's murder. Arthur and Bedevere travel to the Castle Aarrgh, which they find occupied by the French forces that taunted them earlier. They amass a large army and prepare to storm the castle, but just as they begin to charge, the modern police arrive. Arthur and Bedevere are arrested, and one of the officers covers the lens with his hand, as the film appears to break in the projector.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Actor
Main role
Other roles (in order of appearance)

Chapman, GrahamGraham Chapman
Arthur, King of the Britons
Voice of God / Middle Head of Three-Headed Knight / Hiccuping Guard at Swamp Castle

Cleese, JohnJohn Cleese
Sir Lancelot the Brave
Swallow-Savvy Guard #2 / Man with "Dead" Body / Black Knight / Witch-hunting Villager #3 / Singing Camelot Knight #4 / French Taunter / Tim the Enchanter

Gilliam, TerryTerry Gilliam
Patsy, Arthur's Servant
Green Knight / Singing Camelot Knight #3 / Gorilla Hand / Old Man in Scene 24 (Soothsaying Bridgekeeper) / Sir Bors / Weak-Hearted Animator (Himself)

Idle, EricEric Idle
Sir Robin the Not-Quite-So-Brave-as-Sir-Lancelot
Dead Collector / Witch-Hunting Villager #1 / Singing Camelot Knight #2 / Confused Guard at Swamp Castle / Concorde (Lancelot's squire) / Roger the Shrubber / Brother Maynard

Jones, TerryTerry Jones
Sir Bedevere the Wise
Dennis' Mother / French Knight / Left Head of Three-Headed Knight / Voice of Cartoon Scribe / Prince Herbert

Palin, MichaelMichael Palin
Sir Galahad the Pure
Swallow-Savvy Guard #1 / Dennis / Witch-Hunting Villager #2 / Narrator / Singing Camelot Knight #5 / French Knight / Right Head of Three-Headed Knight / Leader of the Knights Who Say Ni / King of Swamp Castle / Guest at Swamp Castle / Monk (Maynard's Assistant)

Booth, ConnieConnie Booth
Miss Islington, the Witch

Cleveland, CarolCarol Cleveland
Zoot
Dingo (Zoot's identical twin sister)

Innes, NeilNeil Innes
Leader of Robin's Minstrels
Leader of Chanting Monks / Witch-Hunting Villager #4 / Singing Camelot Knight #1 / Page Crushed by Wooden Rabbit / French Knight

Duffell, BeeBee Duffell
Old Crone

Young, JohnJohn Young
Frank, the Historian
"Dead" body

Davies, RitaRita Davies
Frank's Wife

Stewart, AvrilAvril Stewart
Dr. Piglet

Kinghorn, SallySally Kinghorn
Dr. Winston

Zycon, MarkMark Zycon
Sir Robin (stand-in)
Prisoner in Camelot Dungeon

Johnson, SandySandy Johnson
Knight Who Says Ni
Witch-Hunting Villager / Musician at Swamp Castle / Monk / Knight in Final Battle

Doyle, JulianJulian Doyle
Police Sergeant who stops the film

Burton !Richard Burton
One-legged Black Knight (Stand-in)

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Fifteen months before BBC visited the set in December 1974, the Monty Python troupe assembled the first version of the screenplay.[8] When half of the resulting material was set in the Middle Ages, and half was set in the present day, the group opted to focus on the Middle Ages, revolving on the legend of the Holy Grail. By the fourth or fifth version of their screenplay, the story was complete, and the cast joked the fact that the Grail was never retrieved would be "a big let-down ... a great anti-climax".[8] Graham Chapman said a challenge was incorporating scenes that did not fit the Holy Grail motif.[9]

text: Neither Terry Gilliam nor Terry Jones had directed a film before, and described it as a learning experience in which they would learn to make a film by making an entire full-length film.[10] The cast humorously described the novice directing style as employing the level of mutual disrespect always found in Monty Python's work.[8]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Monty Python and the Holy Grail was mostly shot on location in Scotland,[11] particularly around Doune Castle, Glen Coe, and the privately owned Castle Stalker.[12] The many castles seen throughout the film were mainly either Doune Castle shot from different angles or hanging miniatures.[13] There are several exceptions to this: the very first exterior shot of a castle at the beginning of the film is Kidwelly Castle in South Wales, and the single exterior shot of the Swamp Castle during "Tale of Sir Lancelot" is Bodiam Castle in East Sussex;[14] all subsequent shots of the exterior and interior of those scenes were filmed at Doune Castle. Production designer Julian Doyle recounted that his crew constructed walls in the forest near Doune.[15] Terry Jones later recalled the crew had selected more castles around Scotland for locations, but during the two weeks prior to principal photography, the Scottish Department of the Environment declined permission for use of the castles in its jurisdiction, for fear of damage.[13]

text: At the start of "The Tale of Sir Robin", there is a slow camera zoom in on rocky scenery (that in the voice over is described as "the dark forest of Ewing"). This is actually a still photograph of the Gorge at Mount Buffalo National Park in Victoria, Australia. Doyle stated in 2000 during an interview with Hotdog magazine[16] that it was a still image filmed with candles underneath the frame (to give a heat haze). This was a low-cost method of achieving a convincing location effect.

text: On the DVD audio commentary, Cleese described challenges shooting and editing Castle Anthrax in "The Tale of Sir Galahad", with what he felt the most comedic take being unused because an anachronistic coat was visible in it.[17] Castle Anthrax was also shot in one part of Doune, where costume designer Hazel Pethig advised against nudity, dressing the girls in shifts.[13]

text: In the scene where the knights were combatting the Rabbit of Caerbannog, a real white rabbit was used, switched with puppets for its killings.[18] It was covered with red liquid to simulate blood, though the rabbit's owner did not want the animal dirty and was kept unaware. The liquid was difficult to remove from the fur.[18] He also stated that he thought that, had they been more experienced in filmmaking, the crew would have just purchased a rabbit instead. Otherwise, the rabbit himself was unharmed. Also, the rabbit-bite effects were done by special puppetry by both Gilliam and SFX technician John Horton.

text: As chronicled in The Life of Python, The First 20 Years of Monty Python, and The Pythons' Autobiography, it was revealed that Chapman was suffering from acrophobia, trembling, and bouts of forgetfulness during filming. These were the results of Chapman's long-standing alcohol addiction, and he decided from that moment on to remain "on an even keel" while the production continued. Nearly three years after Holy Grail, Chapman vowed to quit drinking altogether (which he successfully achieved in December 1977).

text: Originally the knight characters were going to ride real horses, but after it became clear that the film's small budget precluded real horses, the Pythons decided that their characters would mime horse-riding while their porters trotted behind them banging coconut shells together. The joke was derived from the old-fashioned sound effect used by radio shows to convey the sound of hooves clattering. This was later referred to in the German release of the film, which translated the title as Die Ritter der Kokosnuß[19] ('The Knights of the Coconut').

text: The opening credits of the film feature pseudo-Swedish subtitles, which soon turn into an appeal to visit Sweden and see the country's moose. The subtitles are soon stopped, but moose references continue throughout the actual credits until the credits are stopped again and restarted in a different visual style and with references to llamas, animals often mentioned in Flying Circus. The subtitles were written by Michael Palin as a way to "entertain the 'captive' audience" at the beginning of the film.[20]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: In addition to several songs written by Python regular Neil Innes, several pieces of music were licensed from De Wolfe Music Library. These include:

text:
"Ice Floe 9", composed by Pierre Arvay. Used during the beginning titles.
"Countrywide",[21] composed by Anthony Mawer. Used during the beginning titles after the first titlers are sacked.
"Homeward Bound", composed by Jack Trombey. Used as King Arthur's heroic theme.
"Crossed Swords",[22] composed by Dudley Matthew. Played during King Arthur's battle with the Black Knight.
"The Flying Messenger",[23] composed by Oliver Armstrong. Played during Sir Lancelot's misguided storming of Swamp Castle.
"The Promised Land",[24] composed by Stanley Black. Used in the scene where Arthur approaches the castle on the island.
"Starlet in the Starlight",[25] composed by Kenneth Essex. Briefly used for Prince Herbert's attempt to express himself in song.
"Love Theme",[26] composed by Peter Knight. Also used briefly for Prince Herbert.
"Revolt",[27] composed by Eric Towren. Used as the army charges on Castle Aaargh.

text: Release[edit]

text: Monty Python and the Holy Grail had its theatrical debut in the United Kingdom in 3 April 1975,[1] followed by a United States release on 27 April 1975.[2] It was re-released on 14 October 2015 in the United Kingdom.[28]

text: The film had its television premiere 25 February 1977 on the CBS Late Movie.[29] Reportedly, the Pythons were displeased to discover a number of edits were done by the network to reduce use of profanity and the showing of blood. The troupe pulled back the rights and thereafter had it broadcast in the United States only on PBS and later other channels such as IFC, where it runs uncut.[30]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In Region 1, The Criterion Collection released a laserdisc version of the film featuring audio commentary from directors Jones and Gilliam.[31] In 2001, Columbia Tristar published a two-disc Special Edition DVD. Disc One included two commentary tracks featuring Idle, Palin, and Cleese in the first, and Jones and Gilliam in the second, and "Subtitles for People Who Don't Like the Film", consisting of lines taken from William Shakespeare's Henry IV, Part 2.[31] Disc Two includes Monty Python and the Holy Grail in Lego (also known as Lego Knights or It's Only a Model), a "brickfilm" version of the "Camelot Song" as sung by Lego minifigures.[32] It was created by Spite Your Face Productions on commission from the Lego Group and Python Pictures. The project was conceived by the original film's respective Producer and Co-Director, John Goldstone and Terry Gilliam.[33] Disc Two also includes two scenes from the film's Japanese dub, literally translated back into English through subtitles. "The Quest for the Holy Grail Locations", hosted by Palin and Jones,[34] shows places in Scotland used for the setting titled as "England 932 A.D." (as well as the two Pythons purchasing a copy of their own script as a guide). Also included is a who's who page, advertising galleries and sing-alongs.[34]

text: A limited-edition DVD release additionally included a copy of the screenplay, a limited-edition film cell/senitype, and limited-edition art cards;[35] however, a few of the bonus features from the Extraordinarily Deluxe Edition were omitted. A 35th anniversary edition on Blu-ray was released in the US on 6 March 2012.[36] Special features include "The Holy Book of Days," a second-screen experience that can be downloaded as an app on an iOS device and played with the Blu-ray to enhance its viewing; lost animation sequences with a new intro from animator Terry Gilliam; outtakes; and extended scenes with Python member and the movie's co-director Terry Jones.[37]

text: Reaction and legacy[edit]

text: In 2000, readers of Total Film magazine voted Holy Grail the fifth greatest comedy film of all time.[7] The next Python film, Life of Brian, was ranked first.[7] A similar poll of Channel 4 viewers in 2005 placed Holy Grail in sixth (with Life of Brian again topping the list).

text: In 2005, the film spawned a Tony Award-winning Broadway musical smash hit knockoff, Spamalot. Written primarily by Idle, the show has more of an overarching plot and leaves out certain portions of the movie due to difficulties in rendering certain effects on stage. However, the same gags are there for the majority of the show.[38]

text: In 2011, an ABC prime-time special, Best in Film: The Greatest Movies of Our Time, counted down the best films chosen by fans based on results of a poll conducted by ABC and People. Holy Grail was selected as the second best comedy after Airplane!.

text: In 2013, the Pythons lost a legal case to Mark Forstater, the film's producer, over royalties for the derivative work, Spamalot. They owed a combined £800,000 in legal fees and back royalties to Forstater.[39][40] To help cover the cost of these royalties and fees, the group arranged and performed in a stage show, Monty Python Live (mostly), held at The O2 arena in London in July 2014.


document_title: Apgar score

question_text: a baby is considered to be in critical condition if her score on the apgar scale is below

text: Apgar score

text: Criteria[edit]

text: The five criteria of the Apgar score:

text:
Score of 0
Score of 1
Score of 2
Component of backronym

Skin color
blue or pale all over
blue at extremities
body pink
(acrocyanosis)
no cyanosis
body and extremities pink
Appearance

Pulse rate
absent
< 100 beats per minute
> 100 beats per minute
Pulse

Reflex irritability grimace
no response to stimulation
grimace on suction or aggressive stimulation
cry on stimulation
Grimace

Activity
none
some flexion
flexed arms and legs that resist extension
Activity

Respiratory effort
absent
weak, irregular, gasping
strong, robust cry
Respiration

text: Interpretation of scores[edit]

text: The test is generally done at one and five minutes after birth, and may be repeated later if the score is and remains low. Scores 7 and above are generally normal, 4 to 6 fairly low, and 3 and below are generally regarded as critically low.[3]

text: A low score on the one-minute test may show that the neonate requires medical attention[4] but does not necessarily indicate a long-term problem, particularly if the score improves at the five-minute test. An Apgar score that remains below 3 at later times—such as 10, 15, or 30 minutes—may indicate longer-term neurological damage, including a small but significant increase in the risk of cerebral palsy. However, the Apgar test's purpose is to determine quickly whether a newborn needs immediate medical care. It is not designed to predict long term health issues.[1]

text: A score of 10 is uncommon, due to the prevalence of transient cyanosis, and does not substantially differ from a score of 9. Transient cyanosis is common, particularly in babies born at high altitude. A study that compared babies born in Peru near sea level with babies born at very high altitude (4340 m) found a significant average difference in first Apgar score, but not the second. Oxygen saturation (see Pulse oximetry) also was lower at high altitude.[5]

text: Backronym[edit]

text: Some ten years after initial publication[citation needed], a backronym for APGAR was coined in the United States as a mnemonic learning aid: Appearance (skin color), Pulse (heart rate), Grimace (reflex irritability), Activity (muscle tone), and Respiration.

text: Spanish: Apariencia, Pulso, Gesticulación, Actividad, Respiración;

text: Portuguese: Aparência, Pulso, Gesticulação, Atividade, Respiração;

text: French: Apparence, Pouls, Grimace, Activité, Respiration;

text: German: Atmung, Puls, Grundtonus, Aussehen, Reflexe, representing the same tests but in a different order (respiration, pulse, muscle tone, appearance, reflex).

text: Another eponymous backronym from Virginia Apgar's name is American Pediatric Gross Assessment Record.

text: Another mnemonic for the test is “How Ready Is This Child?” — which summarizes the test criteria as Heart rate, Respiratory effort, Irritability, Tone, and Color.