document_title: Books of the Bible

question_text: what is the 22 book of the bible

question_tokens: what is the 22 book of the bible

text: Books of the Bible

text: Hebrew Bible and Old Testament[edit]

text: Hebrew Bible[edit]

text: Rabbinic Judaism recognizes the 24 books of the Masoretic Text, commonly called the Tanakh or Hebrew Bible, as authoritative.[1] There is no scholarly consensus as to when the Hebrew Bible canon was fixed: some scholars argue that it was fixed by the Hasmonean dynasty (140-40 BCE),[2] while others argue it was not fixed until the second century CE or even later.[3] Most conservative scholars believe that the Torah was canonized c. 400 BCE, the Prophets c. 200 BCE, and the Writings c. 100 CE,[4] perhaps at a Council of Jamnia as concluded by Heinrich Graetz in 1871. The Council of Jamnia theory is increasingly rejected by most liberal scholars.[3][5][6][7][8]

text: Protocanonical books of the Old Testament[edit]

text: Protestants and Catholics[9] use the Masoretic Text as the textual basis for their translations of the protocanonical books (those accepted as canonical by both Jews and all Christians), with various changes derived from a multiplicity of other ancient sources (such as the Septuagint, the Vulgate, the Dead Sea Scrolls, etc.), while generally using the Septuagint and Vulgate, now supplemented by the ancient Hebrew and Aramaic manuscripts, as the textual basis for the deuterocanonical books.

text: The Eastern Orthodox use the Septuagint (translated in the 3rd century BCE) as the textual basis for the entire Old Testament in both protocanonical and deuteroncanonical books—to use both in the Greek for liturgical purposes, and as the basis for translations into the vernacular.[10][11] Most of the quotations (300 of 400) of the Old Testament in the New Testament, while differing more or less from the version presented by the Masoretic text, align with that of the Septuagint.[12]

text: Deuterocanonical books of the Old Testament[edit]

text: These books, which were largely written during the intertestamental period, are called the Biblical apocrypha ("hidden things") by Protestants, the deuterocanon ("second canon") by Catholics, and the deuterocanon or anagignoskomena ("worthy of reading") by Orthodox. These are works recognized by the Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, and Oriental Orthodox Churches as being part of scripture (and thus deuterocanonical rather than apocryphal), but Protestants do not recognize them as divinely inspired. Orthodox differentiate scriptural books by omitting these (and others) from corporate worship and from use as a sole basis for doctrine.[citation needed]

text: Many recognize them as good, but not on the level of the other books of the Bible. Anglicanism considers the apocrypha worthy of being "read for example of life" but not to be used "to establish any doctrine."[13] Luther made a parallel statement in calling them: "not considered equal to the Holy Scriptures, but...useful and good to read."[14]

text: The difference in canons derives from the difference in the Masoretic Text and the Septuagint. Books found in both the Hebrew and the Greek are accepted by all denominations, and by Jews, these are the protocanonical books. Catholics and Orthodox also accept those books present in manuscripts of the Septuagint, an ancient Greek translation of the Old Testament with great currency among the Jews of the ancient world, with the coda that Catholics consider 3 Esdras and 3 Maccabees apocryphal.

text: Most quotations of the Old Testament in the New Testament, differing by varying degrees from the Masoretic Text, are taken from the Septuagint. Daniel was written several hundred years after the time of Ezra, and since that time several books of the Septuagint have been found in the original Hebrew, in the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Cairo Geniza, and at Masada, including a Hebrew text of Sirach (Qumran, Masada) and an Aramaic text of Tobit (Qumran); the additions to Esther and Daniel are also in their respective Semitic languages.

text: The unanimous consensus of modern (and ancient) scholars consider several other books, including 1 Maccabees and Judith, to have been composed in Hebrew or Aramaic.[citation needed]  Opinion is divided on the book of Baruch, while it is acknowledged that the Epistle of Jeremiah, the Wisdom of Solomon, and 2 Maccabees are originally Greek compositions.

text:
Tobit - 200 BC
Judith - 150 BC
Additions to Esther - 140-130 BC
Wisdom of Solomon - 30 BC
Ecclesiasticus(Sirach) - 132 BC
Baruch with the Letter of Jeremiah - 150-50 BC
1 Maccabees - 110 BC
2 Maccabees - 110-170 BC
Additions to Daniel:[15]
The Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Three Holy Children
Story of Susanna - 200-0 BC
Bel and the Dragon - 100 BC

text: Eastern Orthodox[edit]

text: Additional books accepted by the Eastern Orthodox:

text:
1 Esdras/3 Esdras[16]
2 Esdras/4 Esdras (in an appendix to the Slavonic Bible)
Prayer of Manasseh
3 Maccabees
4 Maccabees (in an appendix to the Greek Bible)
Psalm 151 (in the Septuagint)
Odes

text: Syriac Orthodox[edit]

text: Additional books accepted by the Syriac Orthodox Church (due to inclusion in the Peshitta):

text:
2 Baruch with the Letter of Baruch (only the letter has achieved canonical status)
Psalms 152–155 (not canonical)

text: Ethiopian Orthodox[edit]

text: The Ethiopian Tewahedo church accepts all of the deuterocanonical books of Catholicism and anagignoskomena of Eastern Orthodoxy except for the four Books of Maccabees.[17] It accepts the 39 protocanonical books along with the following books, called the "narrow canon".[18] The enumeration of books in the Ethiopic Bible varies greatly between different authorities and printings.[19]

text:
4 Baruch or the Paralipomena of Jeremiah
1 Enoch
Jubilees
1 Meqabyan
2 Meqabyan
3 Meqabyan
The Ethiopian broader Biblical Canon

text: Table[edit]

text: The table uses the spellings and names present in modern editions of the Bible, such as the New American Bible Revised Edition, Revised Standard Version and English Standard Version. The spelling and names in both the 1609–1610 Douay Old Testament (and in the 1582 Rheims New Testament) and the 1749 revision by Bishop Challoner (the edition currently in print used by many Catholics, and the source of traditional Catholic spellings in English) and in the Septuagint differ from those spellings and names used in modern editions that derive from the Hebrew Masoretic text.[20]

text: For the Orthodox canon, Septuagint titles are provided in parentheses when these differ from those editions. For the Catholic canon, the Douaic titles are provided in parentheses when these differ from those editions. Likewise, the King James Version references some of these books by the traditional spelling when referring to them in the New Testament, such as "Esaias" (for Isaiah).

text: In the spirit of ecumenism more recent Catholic translations (e.g., the New American Bible, Jerusalem Bible, and ecumenical translations used by Catholics, such as the Revised Standard Version Catholic Edition) use the same "standardized" (King James Version) spellings and names as Protestant Bibles (e.g., 1 Chronicles, as opposed to the Douaic 1 Paralipomenon, 1-2 Samuel and 1-2 Kings, instead of 1-4 Kings) in those books universally considered canonical—the protocanonicals.

text: The Talmud in Bava Batra 14b gives a different order for the books in Nevi'im and Ketuvim. This order is also quoted in Mishneh Torah Hilchot Sefer Torah 7:15. The order of the books of the Torah are universal through all denominations of Judaism and Christianity.

text: The disputed books, included in one canon but not in others, are often called the Biblical apocrypha, a term that is sometimes used specifically to describe the books in the Catholic and Orthodox canons that are absent from the Jewish Masoretic Text and most modern Protestant Bibles. Catholics, following the Canon of Trent (1546), describe these books as deuterocanonical, while Greek Orthodox Christians, following the Synod of Jerusalem (1672), use the traditional name of anagignoskomena, meaning "that which is to be read." They are present in a few historic Protestant versions; the German Luther Bible included such books, as did the English 1611 King James Version.[13]

text: Empty table cells indicate that a book is absent from that canon.

text:
Tanakh (Jewish Bible) (24 books)[21] Books in bold are part of the Ketuvim

ProtestantOld Testament (39 books)

CatholicOld Testament (46 books)

Eastern OrthodoxOld Testament (51 books)

Original language

Torah

Pentateuch or the Five Books of Moses

Bereishit

Genesis

Genesis

Genesis

Hebrew

Shemot

Exodus

Exodus

Exodus

Hebrew

Vayikra

Leviticus

Leviticus

Leviticus

Hebrew

Bamidbar

Numbers

Numbers

Numbers

Hebrew

Devarim

Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy

Deuteronomy

Hebrew

Nevi'im (Prophets)

Historical books

Yehoshua

Joshua

Joshua (Josue)

Joshua (Iesous)

Hebrew

Shofetim

Judges

Judges

Judges

Hebrew

Rut (Ruth)[22]

Ruth

Ruth

Ruth

Hebrew

Shemuel

1 Samuel

1 Samuel (1 Kings)[23]

1 Samuel (1 Kingdoms)[24]

Hebrew

2 Samuel

2 Samuel (2 Kings)[23]

2 Samuel (2 Kingdoms)[24]

Hebrew

Melakhim

1 Kings

1 Kings (3 Kings)[23]

1 Kings (3 Kingdoms)[24]

Hebrew

2 Kings

2 Kings (4 Kings)[23]

2 Kings (4 Kingdoms)[24]

Hebrew

Divrei Hayamim (Chronicles)[22]

1 Chronicles

1 Chronicles (1 Paralipomenon)

1 Chronicles (1 Paralipomenon)

Hebrew

2 Chronicles

2 Chronicles (2 Paralipomenon)

2 Chronicles (2 Paralipomenon)

Hebrew

1 Esdras

Greek

Ezra-Nehemiah[22]

Ezra

Ezra (1 Esdras)

Ezra (2 Esdras)[24][25]

Hebrew and Aramaic

Nehemiah

Nehemiah (2 Esdras)

Nehemiah (2 Esdras)[24][25]

Hebrew

Tobit (Tobias)

Tobit (Tobias)

Aramaic (and Hebrew?)

Judith

Judith

Hebrew

Esther[22]

Esther

Esther[26]

Esther[26]

Hebrew

1 Maccabees (1 Machabees)[27]

1 Maccabees

Hebrew

2 Maccabees (2 Machabees)[27]

2 Maccabees

Greek

3 Maccabees

Greek

4 Maccabees[28]

Greek

Ketuvim (Writings)

Wisdom books

Iyov (Job)[22]

Job

Job

Job

Hebrew

Tehillim (Psalms)[22]

Psalms

Psalms

Psalms[29]

Hebrew

Prayer of Manasseh

Greek

Mishlei (Proverbs)[22]

Proverbs

Proverbs

Proverbs

Hebrew

Qoheleth (Ecclesiastes)[22]

Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastes

Ecclesiastes

Hebrew

Shir Hashirim (Song of Songs)[22]

Song of Solomon

Song of Songs (Canticle of Canticles)

Song of Songs (Aisma Aismaton)

Hebrew

Wisdom

Wisdom

Greek

Sirach (Ecclesiasticus)

Sirach

Hebrew

Nevi'im (Latter Prophets)

Major prophets

Yeshayahu

Isaiah

Isaiah (Isaias)

Isaiah

Hebrew

Yirmeyahu

Jeremiah

Jeremiah (Jeremias)

Jeremiah

Hebrew and Aramaic

Eikhah (Lamentations)[22]

Lamentations

Lamentations

Lamentations

Hebrew

Baruch with Letter of Jeremiah as the 6th Chapter [30]

Baruch[30]

Hebrew[31]

Letter of Jeremiah as standalone book [32]

Greek (majority view)[33]

Yekhezqel

Ezekiel

Ezekiel (Ezechiel)

Ezekiel

Hebrew

Daniel[22]

Daniel

Daniel[34]

Daniel[34]

Hebrew and Aramaic

Twelve Minor Prophets

The Twelve or Trei Asar

Hosea

Hosea (Osee)

Hosea

Hebrew

Joel

Joel

Joel

Hebrew

Amos

Amos

Amos

Hebrew

Obadiah

Obadiah (Abdias)

Obadiah

Hebrew

Jonah

Jonah (Jonas)

Jonah

Hebrew

Micah

Micah (Micheas)

Micah

Hebrew

Nahum

Nahum

Nahum

Hebrew

Habakkuk

Habakkuk (Habacuc)

Habakkuk

Hebrew

Zephaniah

Zephaniah (Sophonias)

Zephaniah

Hebrew

Haggai

Haggai (Aggeus)

Haggai

Hebrew

Zechariah

Zechariah (Zacharias)

Zechariah

Hebrew

Malachi

Malachi (Malachias)

Malachi

Hebrew

text: Several of the books in the Eastern Orthodox canon are also found in the appendix to the Latin Vulgate, formerly the official Bible of the Roman Catholic Church.

text:
Books in the Appendix to the Vulgate Bible

Name in Vulgate

Name in Eastern Orthodox use

3 Esdras

1 Esdras

4 Esdras

Prayer of Manasseh

Prayer of Manasseh

Psalm of David when he slew Goliath (Psalm 151)

Psalm 151

text: New Testament[edit]

text: In general, among Christian denominations, the New Testament canon is an agreed-upon list of 27 books, although book order can vary. The book order is the same in the Greek Orthodox, Roman Catholic, and Protestant tradition.[N 1] The Slavonic, Armenian and Ethiopian traditions have different New Testament book orders.

text:
Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant,and most Oriental Orthodox

Original language(Koine Greek)

Canonical Gospels

Matthew

Greek (majority view: see note)[N 2][35][36][37]

Mark

Greek

Luke

Greek

John

Greek

Apostolic History

Acts

Greek

Pauline Epistles

Romans

Greek

1 Corinthians

Greek

2 Corinthians

Greek

Galatians

Greek

Ephesians

Greek

Philippians

Greek

Colossians

Greek

1 Thessalonians

Greek

2 Thessalonians

Greek

1 Timothy

Greek

2 Timothy

Greek

Titus

Greek

Philemon

Greek

Hebrews[N 1]

Greek[38]

Catholic Epistles

James[N 1]

Greek

1 Peter

Greek

2 Peter[N 3]

Greek

1 John

Greek

2 John[N 3]

Greek

3 John[N 3]

Greek

Jude[N 1] [N 3]

Greek

Apocalypse

Revelation[N 1] [N 3]

Greek

text: Chart notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c d e Four New Testament works were questioned or "spoken against" by Martin Luther, and he changed the order of his New Testament to reflect this, but he did not leave them out, nor has any Lutheran body since. Traditional German "Luther Bibles" are still printed with the New Testament in this changed "Luther Bible" order.

Jump up ^ See Rabbinical translations of Matthew. Most modern scholars consider the Gospel of Matthew to have been composed in Koine Greek, see Language of the New Testament. According to tradition as expressed by Papias of Hierapolis, writing in the late first or early second centuries, the Gospel was originally composed in the "Hebrew dialect" (which at the time was largely the related Aramaic) and then translated into Greek (Eusebius, "Ecclesiastical History", 3.39.15-16; Epiphanius of Salamis, Panarion 30:3). According to Jerome, Hebrew manuscripts of Matthew were extant while he was translating the Vulgate: "Matthew ... composed a gospel of Christ at first published in Judea in Hebrew for the sake of those of the circumcision who believed, but this was afterwards translated into Greek though by what author is uncertain. The Hebrew itself has been preserved until the present day in the library at Caesarea, which Pamphilus so diligently gathered (St Jerome, "On Illustrious Men", Chapter 3).

^ Jump up to: a b c d e The Peshitta, the traditional Syriac Bible, excludes 2 Peter, 2–3 John, Jude, and Revelation, but Bibles of the modern Syriac Orthodox Church include later translations of those books. Still today the lectionary followed by the Syrian Orthodox Church, present lessons from only the twenty-two books of Peshitta.

tag: ol

text: Diagram of the development of the Old Testament[edit]


document_title: Abby's Ultimate Dance Competition

question_text: who won season 1 of abby's ultimate dance competition

question_tokens: who won season 1 of abby 's ultimate dance competition

root

text: Abby's Ultimate Dance Competition

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2012)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

0
0
"Casting Special"
October 9, 2012 (2012-10-09)
1.00[3]

Meet 14 amazing dancers and their moms from around the country when they arrive in Los Angeles for the chance of a lifetime, the final audition of Abby's Ultimate Dance Competition. In an intense rehearsal, the dancers must learn three different routines in only two hours. The finalists also get a chance to meet their judges, including "Lead Judge" Dance Moms' Abby Lee Miller, who is joined at the judges table by Robin Antin, founder of the Pussycat Doll's dance troupe, and celebrity choreographer Richard "Richy" Jackson. It all comes down to a double elimination and the pressure is on as the contestants must impress the judges if they want to make the cut.

1
1
"Let The Dancing Begin"
October 9, 2012 (2012-10-09)
1.11[3]

When this life-changing competition kicks off the 12 finalists are tasked with their first live performance in front of judges including, Dance Moms' Abby Lee Miller, Robin Antin, founder of the Pussycat Doll's dance troupe and celebrity choreographer, Richard "Richy" Jackson. The dancers are split into trios and assigned routines with a "Hollywood" theme. As the contestants prepare throughout the week, the moms start sizing each other up. Alliances begin to form, but when one mom takes charge during rehearsal, the other moms realize that she could be trouble. Plus, one mother and daughter team reveal just how far they're willing to go to win the competition.

2
2
"Unleash The Monsters"
October 16, 2012 (2012-10-16)
0.89[4]

There are 11 dancers left and the theme for this week’s competition is "Monsters of the Night." The theme proves to be very fitting as one mom bares her claws and strikes at another, who is using her divorce as a way to get attention. After witnessing that mom make one of the girls break into tears, two of the other mothers join forces and conjure up a demon, unleashing on the other mom claiming she is being fake. Also one of the girls wins the group dance challenge and gets a solo, but there must be a full moon because she brings out the beast in her mother who refuses to listen to her daughter’s suggestions.

3
3
"Get Into Character"
October 23, 2012 (2012-10-23)
1.11[5]

This week, the 10 remaining dancers are assigned duets based on "American Extremes." One of the classically trained dancers struggles during her hip-hop duet. Meanwhile, another contestant's role in the group dance forces her to share painful memories with her fellow dancers. Plus, one mother's meddling threatens to send a team home.

4
4
"In A New York Minute"
October 30, 2012 (2012-10-30)
0.89[6]

The nine remaining dancers are thrilled when they learn the theme for this week's performance is "Broadway." But when two mothers at odds team up, everyone prepares for the worst. Meanwhile, one dancer struggles with the hip-hop trio and when the judges can't decide who should go home, that can mean only one thing — a dance-off.

5
5
"Sabotage"
November 6, 2012 (2012-11-06)
0.98[7]

After winning the right to pick all the dance assignments for the week, one mother takes this week's skill, survival, to heart. Her strategy to sabotage the other dancers by putting them in their weakest areas creates discord amongst the mothers who feel betrayed by her actions. Meanwhile, one dancer struggles with her technique while ignoring her mother's corrections, which threatens to turn their dance into a real disaster. And, one pair must overcome their physical differences in order to become the perfect dancing machines.

6
6
"Dancing Through the Decades"
November 13, 2012 (2012-11-13)
0.97[8]

With only seven dancers left in the competition, the pressure is at a fever-pitch. One mom is overwhelmed as she deals with competition demands as well as personal problems. Meanwhile, one dancer struggles with confidence issues as she tackles her very first solo of the competition.

7
7
"Happily Never After"
November 20, 2012 (2012-11-20)
1.11[9]

It's Witches, Wolves and Wicked Stepmothers, this week when the dancers enter the land of fairy tales. But for one mother and daughter, their fantasy of being the ultimate dancer comes to an end. Meanwhile another dancer struggles with becoming the evil Stepmother. Plus an injury during rehearsal could spell disaster for another mother and daughter duo.

8
8
"Bend it Like Abby"
November 27, 2012 (2012-11-27)
1.05[10]

The final five dancers must be very flexible this week as they try to master dance styles from around the world. One dancer starts some drama that quickly goes global after she tells her mother she overheard other dancers saying she wished she had been eliminated. Another dancer struggles to connect with the history of the people that inspired her routine. And, the bottom two dancers must undergo a flexibility test to stay in the competition.

9
9
"Cirque du Solos"
December 4, 2012 (2012-12-04)
1.35[11]

With only four dancers remaining in the competition, the moms have to do whatever it takes to ensure their child makes it to the final three. This week the girls not only have to worry about perfecting their solos, but they're also doing a complicated and grueling circus inspired group dance.

10
10
"Dance for Your Life"
December 11, 2012 (2012-12-11)
1.54[12]

Only three dancers remain for the grueling final round of this life changing competition. With $100,000 and a scholarship to the Joffrey School of Ballet in New York on the line, the three remaining girls must dance for their lives. But they're not alone. Former contestants and their moms make a surprise return for one last performance. It all comes down to the two-hour finale when Abby will reveal her first Ultimate Dancer.

tag: table

text: Season 2 (2013)[edit]

text:
No. in
series
No. in
season
Title
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(million)

11
1
"Make It Count!"
September 3, 2013 (2013-09-03)
1.28[13]

With 11 of the country's most promising young dancers selected from more than 1,000 national title holders, this season of Abby's Ultimate Dance Competition is back and bigger and better than ever. The performers are all vying for a $100,000 cash prize and a scholarship to the Young Dancers Program at the Joffrey Ballet School in New York. This week's theme is "Fame," as they gear up for their first performance in front of judges Abby Lee Miller, Broadway star Rachelle Rak and celebrity choreographer Richard "Richy" Jackson. Alliances begin to form and the dance floor heats up as the youngest contestant rubs one of the moms the wrong way.

12
2
"Dare to Be You"
September 10, 2013 (2013-09-10)
1.45[14]

With this week's competition theme as "Dare to be You," all the dances are inspired by Lady Gaga. Under the eyes of this week's challenge choreographer Richy Jackson, the young competitors struggle to embrace their own originality. The moms crack down hard on the dancers, encouraging them to "bring it" to the dance floor and one young dancer comes close to breaking down when she can't remember her routine. When one mom throws another mom under the bus, things get ugly.

13
3
"Gods and Mortals"
September 17, 2013 (2013-09-17)
1.23[15]

Abby is the dance goddess of the week and the dancers strive to attain dance immortality when the theme is "Gods and Mortals." There are nine dancers left and the performers in last week's bottom group struggle to prove that they deserve to be in the competition. The skill is "Power" and this week's challenge winner is Ally and she is allowed to make all the dance assignments and quickly discover holding the power isn't always easy. Melanie gets extreme when she overhears the others mothers talking about her daughter's weaknesses.

14
4
"Vegas Show Stoppers"
September 24, 2013 (2013-09-24)
0.91[16]

"Las Vegas" is this week's theme and the remaining dancers are tested with styles they've never encountered before. One mom finally snaps and takes on Abby after she gives one too many criticisms about her daughter. With the pressure of the surprise immunity reward building, tempers between the moms reach a boiling point.

15
5
"Anything Can Happen"
October 1, 2013 (2013-10-01)
1.04[17]

Abby decides to mix things up with the theme for the week being "Unconventional." Anything can, and will happen, starting with the remaining dancers battling Abby in a martial arts challenge. The winner's mom gets to decide which dancers land in the bottom three, leading to new fights and some surprise allegiances. To complicate matters further, each dance involves a giant, and sometimes unpredictable, prop.

16
6
"Broadway Backstabbers"
October 8, 2013 (2013-10-08)
1.10[18]

Judge Rachelle Rak, a veteran of "The Great White Way," leads the challenge for the "Broadway" themed week and blows the kids and moms away with her sassy moves. The challenge winner's mom earns the animosity of the others by bragging about her child. The pressure is on for the dancer who chooses the first solo of the season.

17
7
"Fairytales Come to Life"
October 15, 2013 (2013-10-15)
1.06[19]

The reward for the challenge this week is a private lesson with Abby Lee Miller herself, which some of the kids desperately wants to win... while others would do anything not to. The pressure of the competition has the moms harping on their children and one mom even sells out her own kid to the judges for not working hard enough.

18
8
"Wild West Showdown"
October 22, 2013 (2013-10-22)
1.06[20]

The theme of the week is "Wild West". Animosity begins to build toward one dancer. A mother demands that her child get a solo.

19
9
"Your Worst Nightmare"
October 29, 2013 (2013-10-29)
1.08[21]

The theme of this week is "Nightmares. One mother tries to sabotage another with dance assignments. Some of the dancers begin to turn on their mothers.

20
10
"Divas in the House"
November 5, 2013 (2013-11-05)
1.23[22]

The children choose their dance styles. One unlucky dancer must perform a dance style that no one else wanted.

21
11
"Down the Rabbit Hole"
November 12, 2013 (2013-11-12)
1.28[23]

The week's theme is "Alice in Wonderland". One mother sabotages the other dancers. The dancers strive to make it to the final three.

22
12
"Meet Abby's Newest Ultimate Dancer"
November 19, 2013 (2013-11-19)
1.34[24]

Note: After the finale, Lifetime said AUDC will not be renewed for a third season, and had to cancel the series forever.

text: Progress table[edit]

text: A recap of both seasons.

tag: p

text: Season 1 (2012)[edit]

text:
Dancer
Episode and Challenge Winner

Casting
1
Elisabeth

2
Jordyn

3
Lexine

4
Amanda C

5
Hadley

6
Asia

7
Madison

8
Brianna

9
Amanda C

10
Madison

Brianna
IN
HIGH
IN
IN
IN
HIGH
IN
IN
IN
LOW
WINNER

Madison
IN
HIGH
IN
IN
LOW
IN
HIGH
IN
IN
IN
Second

Asia
IN
IN
LOW
LOW
HIGH
IN
IN
LOW
LOW
IN
Third

Amanda C
IN
IN
IN
IN
HIGH
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

Jordyn
IN
IN
LOW
IN
IN
LOW
HIGH
IN
OUT

Hadley
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
LOW
LOW
OUT

Lexine
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
HIGH
OUT

Elisabeth
IN
LOW
IN
IN
LOW
OUT

Zack
IN
IN
IN
IN
OUT

Tua
IN
LOW
LOW
OUT

Kyleigh Jai
IN
IN
OUT

Tessa
IN
OUT

Amanda K
OUT

Nicole
OUT

text: Season 2 (2013)[edit]

text:
Dancer
Episode and Challenge Winner

1
Trinity

2
Gianna

3
Ally

4
Trinity

5
Trinity

6
McKaylee

7
Kalani

8
Trinity

9
McKaylee

10
Kalani

11
Gianna

12

McKaylee
HIGH
LOW
IN
IN
LOW
HIGH
IN
IN
HIGH
IN
LOW
WINNER

Gianna
LOW
HIGH
LOW
IN
IN
IN
LOW
IMMUNITY
IN
IN
HIGH
SECOND

Trinity
IN
LOW
IN
IMMUNITY
IMMUNITY
HIGH
IN
IN
SAVED(RR)
IN
LOW
THIRD

Kalani
IN
IN
HIGH
SAVED(A)
HIGH
IN
IN
HIGH
LOW
LOW
LOW
FOURTH

JoJo
IN
IN
IN
LOW
IN
LOW
HIGH
LOW
IN
FIFTH

Travis
IN
IN
IN
IN
IN
LOW
IN
OUT

Ally
IN
LOW
IN
LOW
LOW
HIGH
OUT

Tyler
IN
IN
IN
LOW
IN
OUT

Haley
LOW
LOW
IN
IN
OUT

Chloe
IN
SAVED(RJ)
OUT

Sarina
OUT


document_title: 2018 FIFA World Cup statistics

question_text: what is the total number of goals scored in the 2018 world cup

text: 2018 FIFA World Cup statistics

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text: There were 169 goals scored in 64 matches, for an average of 2.64 goals per match.

text: Twelve own goals were scored during the tournament, doubling the record of six set in 1998.[1]

text: 6 goals

text: Harry Kane

tag: ul

text: 4 goals

text:
Romelu Lukaku
 Antoine Griezmann
 Kylian Mbappé
 Cristiano Ronaldo
 Denis Cheryshev

text: 3 goals

text:
Eden Hazard
 Yerry Mina
 Mario Mandžukić
 Ivan Perišić
 Artem Dzyuba
 Diego Costa
 Edinson Cavani

text: 2 goals

text:
Sergio Agüero
 Mile Jedinak
 Philippe Coutinho
 Neymar
 Luka Modrić
 Mohamed Salah
 John Stones
 Takashi Inui
 Ahmed Musa
 Son Heung-min
 Andreas Granqvist
 Wahbi Khazri
 Luis Suárez

text: 1 goal

text:
Ángel Di María
 Gabriel Mercado
 Lionel Messi
 Marcos Rojo
 Michy Batshuayi
 Nacer Chadli
 Kevin De Bruyne
 Marouane Fellaini
 Adnan Januzaj
 Dries Mertens
 Thomas Meunier
 Jan Vertonghen
 Roberto Firmino
 Paulinho
 Renato Augusto
 Thiago Silva
 Juan Cuadrado
 Radamel Falcao
 Juan Fernando Quintero
 Kendall Waston
 Milan Badelj
 Andrej Kramarić
 Ivan Rakitić
 Ante Rebić
 Domagoj Vida
 Christian Eriksen
 Mathias Jørgensen
 Yussuf Poulsen
 Dele Alli
 Jesse Lingard
 Harry Maguire
 Kieran Trippier
 Benjamin Pavard
 Paul Pogba
 Samuel Umtiti
 Raphaël Varane
 Toni Kroos
 Marco Reus
 Alfreð Finnbogason
 Gylfi Sigurðsson
 Karim Ansarifard
 Genki Haraguchi
 Keisuke Honda
 Shinji Kagawa
 Yuya Osako
 Javier Hernández
 Hirving Lozano
 Carlos Vela
 Khalid Boutaïb
 Youssef En-Nesyri
 Victor Moses
 Felipe Baloy
 André Carrillo
 Paolo Guerrero
 Jan Bednarek
 Grzegorz Krychowiak
 Pepe
 Ricardo Quaresma
 Mário Fernandes
 Yury Gazinsky
 Aleksandr Golovin
 Salem Al-Dawsari
 Salman Al-Faraj
 Sadio Mané
 M'Baye Niang
 Moussa Wagué
 Aleksandar Kolarov
 Aleksandar Mitrović
 Kim Young-gwon
 Iago Aspas
 Isco
 Nacho
 Ludwig Augustinsson
 Emil Forsberg
 Ola Toivonen
 Josip Drmić
 Blerim Džemaili
 Xherdan Shaqiri
 Granit Xhaka
 Steven Zuber
 Dylan Bronn
 Ferjani Sassi
 Fakhreddine Ben Youssef
 José Giménez

text: 1 own goal

text:
Aziz Behich (against France)
 Fernandinho (against Belgium)
 Mario Mandžukić (against France)
 Ahmed Fathy (against Russia)
 Edson Álvarez (against Sweden)
 Aziz Bouhaddouz (against Iran)
 Oghenekaro Etebo (against Croatia)
 Thiago Cionek (against Senegal)
 Denis Cheryshev (against Uruguay)
 Sergei Ignashevich (against Spain)
 Yann Sommer (against Costa Rica)
 Yassine Meriah (against Panama)

text: Source: FIFA[2]

text: Assists[edit]

text: 2 assists

text:
Éver Banega
 Lionel Messi
 Kevin De Bruyne
 Eden Hazard
 Thomas Meunier
 Youri Tielemans
 Philippe Coutinho
 Juan Fernando Quintero
 James Rodríguez
 Antoine Griezmann
 Lucas Hernández
 Artem Dzyuba
 Aleksandr Golovin
 Viktor Claesson
 Wahbi Khazri
 Carlos Sánchez

text: 1 assist

text:
Gabriel Mercado
 Marcos Rojo
 Toby Alderweireld
 Nacer Chadli
 Romelu Lukaku
 Dries Mertens
 Douglas Costa
 Gabriel Jesus
 Neymar
 Willian
 Juan Cuadrado
 Joel Campbell
 Milan Badelj
 Marcelo Brozović
 Mateo Kovačić
 Mario Mandžukić
 Luka Modrić
 Ivan Perišić
 Josip Pivarić
 Domagoj Vida
 Šime Vrsaljko
 Thomas Delaney
 Christian Eriksen
 Nicolai Jørgensen
 Abdallah Said
 Jesse Lingard
 Harry Maguire
 Raheem Sterling
 Kieran Trippier
 Ashley Young
 Olivier Giroud
 Corentin Tolisso
 Mario Gómez
 Marco Reus
 Keisuke Honda
 Takashi Inui
 Shinji Kagawa
 Yuto Nagatomo
 Gaku Shibasaki
 Javier Hernández
 Hirving Lozano
 Fayçal Fajr
 Victor Moses
 Kenneth Omeruo
 Ricardo Ávila
 Paolo Guerrero
 Kamil Grosicki
 Rafał Kurzawa
 Gonçalo Guedes
 Raphaël Guerreiro
 João Moutinho
 Adrien Silva
 Alan Dzagoev
 Mário Fernandes
 Ilya Kutepov
 Roman Zobnin
 Abdullah Otayf
 M'Baye Niang
 Dušan Tadić
 Lee Jae-sung
 Ju Se-jong
 Sergio Busquets
 Dani Carvajal
 Andrés Iniesta
 Ola Toivonen
 Breel Embolo
 Mario Gavranović
 Xherdan Shaqiri
 Denis Zakaria
 Oussama Haddadi
 Hamdi Nagguez
 Rodrigo Bentancur
 Luis Suárez

text: Source: FIFA

text: Scoring[edit]

text: Overall[edit]

text:
Total number of goals scored: 169
Average goals per match: 2.64
Total number of braces: 10  Edinson Cavani, Denis Cheryshev, Diego Costa, Eden Hazard, Harry Kane, Romelu Lukaku (2), Kylian Mbappé, Ahmed Musa, John Stones
Total number of hat-tricks: 2  Harry Kane, Cristiano Ronaldo
Total number of penalty kicks awarded: 29
Total number of penalty kicks scored: 22  Salman Al-Faraj, Karim Ansarifard, Artem Dzyuba, Andreas Granqvist (2), Antoine Griezmann (3), Eden Hazard, Mile Jedinak (2), Shinji Kagawa, Harry Kane (3), Luka Modrić, Victor Moses, Cristiano Ronaldo, Mohamed Salah, Ferjani Sassi, Gylfi Sigurðsson, Carlos Vela
Total number of penalty kicks missed or saved: 7  Fahad Al-Muwallad, Christian Cueva, Lionel Messi, Luka Modrić, Cristiano Ronaldo, Bryan Ruiz, Gylfi Sigurðsson
Penalty kick success rate: 7001758600000000000♠75.86%
Own goals scored: 12  Edson Álvarez, Aziz Behich, Aziz Bouhaddouz, Denis Cheryshev, Thiago Cionek, Oghenekaro Etebo, Ahmed Fathy, Fernandinho, Sergei Ignashevich, Mario Mandžukić, Yassine Meriah, Yann Sommer

text: Timing[edit]

text:
First goal of the tournament: Yury Gazinsky for Russia against Saudi Arabia
First brace of the tournament: Denis Cheryshev for Russia against Saudi Arabia
First hat-trick of the tournament: Cristiano Ronaldo for Portugal against Spain
Last goal of the tournament: Mario Mandžukić for Croatia against France
Last brace of the tournament: Edinson Cavani for Uruguay against Portugal
Last hat-trick of the tournament: Harry Kane for England against Panama
Fastest goal in a match from kickoff: 1st minute
Fastest goal in a match after coming on as a substitute: 1st minute
Latest goal in a match without extra time: 90+7th minute
Latest goal in a match with extra time: 115th minute
Latest winning goal in a match without extra time: 90+5th minute  Aziz Bouhaddouz (own goal) for Iran against Morocco, Toni Kroos for Germany against Sweden, Salem Al-Dawsari for Saudi Arabia against Egypt
Latest winning goal in a match with extra time: 109th minute
Shortest time difference between two goals scored by the same team in a match: 3 minutes  Diego Costa and Nacho for Spain against Portugal

text: Teams[edit]

text:
Most goals scored by a team: 16  Belgium
Fewest goals scored by a team: 2  Australia, Costa Rica, Egypt, Germany, Iceland, Iran, Morocco, Panama, Peru, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Serbia
Most goals conceded by a team: 11  Panama
Fewest goals conceded by a team: 2  Denmark, Iran, Peru
Best goal difference: +10  Belgium
Worst goal difference: -9  Panama
Most goals scored in a match by both teams: 7  Belgium 5–2 Tunisia, England 6–1 Panama, France 4–3 Argentina
Most goals scored in a match by one team: 6  England against Panama
Most goals scored in a match by the losing team: 3  Argentina against France
Biggest margin of victory: 5 goals  Russia 5–0 Saudi Arabia, England 6–1 Panama
Most clean sheets achieved by a team: 4  France
Fewest clean sheets achieved by a team: 0  Argentina, Australia, Costa Rica, Egypt, Germany, Iceland, Japan, Morocco, Panama, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Switzerland, Tunisia
Most clean sheets given by an opposing team: 2  Costa Rica, England, Germany, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Saudi Arabia
Fewest clean sheets given by an opposing team: 0  Brazil, Colombia, Croatia, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia
Most consecutive clean sheets achieved by a team: 3  Brazil, Uruguay
Most consecutive clean sheets given by an opposing team: 2  Costa Rica, Mexico, Morocco, Peru, Saudi Arabia

text: Individual[edit]

text:
Most goals scored by an individual: 6  Harry Kane
Most assists provided by an individual: 2  Éver Banega, Nacer Chadli, Viktor Claesson, Philippe Coutinho, Kevin De Bruyne, Artem Dzyuba, Aleksandr Golovin, Antoine Griezmann, Eden Hazard, Lucas Hernández, Lionel Messi, Thomas Meunier, Juan Fernando Quintero, James Rodríguez, Carlos Andrés Sánchez, Youri Tielemans, Wahbi Khazri
Most goals and assists produced by an individual: 6  Antoine Griezmann (4 goals, 2 assists), Harry Kane (6 goals)
Most clean sheets achieved by a goalkeeper: 3  Alisson, Thibaut Courtois, Hugo Lloris, Fernando Muslera, Robin Olsen
Most consecutive clean sheets achieved by a goalkeeper: 3  Alisson, Fernando Muslera
Most goals scored by one player in a match: 3  Harry Kane for England against Panama, Cristiano Ronaldo for Portugal against Spain
Oldest goal scorer: 37 years, 120 days  Felipe Baloy for Panama against England
Youngest goal scorer: 19 years, 183 days  Kylian Mbappé for France against Peru

text: Wins and losses[edit]

text:
Most wins: 6 – Belgium, France
Fewest wins: 0 – Australia, Costa Rica, Egypt, Iceland, Morocco, Panama
Most losses: 3 – Egypt, England, Panama
Fewest losses: 0 – Denmark, France, Spain
Most draws: 3 – Denmark, Spain
Fewest draws: 0 – Belgium, Egypt, Germany, Mexico, Nigeria, Panama, Peru, Poland, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, South Korea, Sweden, Tunisia, Uruguay
Most points in the group stage: 9 – Belgium, Croatia, Uruguay
Fewest points in the group stage: 0 – Egypt, Panama

text: Match awards[edit]

text: Man of the Match[edit]

text:
Rank

Name

Team

Opponent

Awards

1

Antoine Griezmann
 France

Australia (GS),[3] Uruguay (QF),[4] Croatia (F)[5]

3

Eden Hazard
 Belgium

Tunisia (GS),[6] Japan (R16),[7] England (TP)[8]

Harry Kane
 England

Tunisia (GS),[9] Panama (GS),[10] Colombia (R16)[11]

Luka Modrić
 Croatia

Nigeria (GS),[12] Argentina (GS),[13] Russia (QF)[14]

5

Denis Cheryshev
 Russia

Saudi Arabia (GS),[15] Egypt (GS)[16]

2

Philippe Coutinho
 Brazil

Switzerland (GS),[17] Costa Rica (GS)[18]

Kylian Mbappé
 France

Peru (GS),[19] Argentina (R16)[20]

Cristiano Ronaldo
 Portugal

Spain (GS),[21] Morocco (GS)[22]

Luis Suárez
 Uruguay

Saudi Arabia (GS),[23] Russia (GS)[24]

10

Igor Akinfeev
 Russia

Spain (R16)[25]

1

Ludwig Augustinsson
 Sweden

Mexico (GS)[26]

Milan Badelj
 Croatia

Iceland (GS)[27]

Jan Bednarek
 Poland

Japan (GS)[28]

Fakhreddine Ben Youssef
 Tunisia

Panama (GS)[29]

André Carrillo
 Peru

Australia (GS)[30]

Edinson Cavani
 Uruguay

Portugal (R16)[31]

Cho Hyun-woo
 South Korea

Germany (GS)[32]

Diego Costa
 Spain

Iran (GS)[33]

Kevin De Bruyne
 Belgium

Brazil (QF)[34]

Blerim Džemaili
  Switzerland

Costa Rica (GS)[35]

Mohamed El-Shenawy
 Egypt

Uruguay (GS)[36]

Christian Eriksen
 Denmark

Australia (GS)[37]

Emil Forsberg
 Sweden

Switzerland (R16)[38]

Andreas Granqvist
 Sweden

South Korea (GS)[39]

Hannes Þór Halldórsson
 Iceland

Argentina (GS)[40]

Amine Harit
 Morocco

Iran (GS)[41]

Javier Hernández
 Mexico

South Korea (GS)[42]

 Isco
 Spain

Morocco (GS)[43]

Adnan Januzaj
 Belgium

England (GS)[44]

N'Golo Kanté
 France

Denmark (GS)[45]

Aleksandar Kolarov
 Serbia

Costa Rica (GS)[46]

Hirving Lozano
 Mexico

Germany (GS)[47]

Romelu Lukaku
 Belgium

Panama (GS)[48]

Sadio Mané
 Senegal

Japan (GS)[49]

Lionel Messi
 Argentina

Nigeria (GS)[50]

Yerry Mina
 Colombia

Senegal (GS)[51]

Ahmed Musa
 Nigeria

Iceland (GS)[52]

 Neymar
 Brazil

Mexico (R16)[53]

M'Baye Niang
 Senegal

Poland (GS)[54]

Yuya Osako
 Japan

Colombia (GS)[55]

 Paulinho
 Brazil

Serbia (GS)[56]

Ivan Perišić
 Croatia

England (SF)[57]

Jordan Pickford
 England

Sweden (QF)[58]

Yussuf Poulsen
 Denmark

Peru (GS)[59]

Ricardo Quaresma
 Portugal

Iran (GS)[60]

Marco Reus
 Germany

Sweden (GS)[61]

James Rodríguez
 Colombia

Poland (GS)[62]

Mohamed Salah
 Egypt

Saudi Arabia (GS)[63]

Kasper Schmeichel
 Denmark

Croatia (R16)[64]

Xherdan Shaqiri
  Switzerland

Serbia (GS)[65]

Samuel Umtiti
 France

Belgium (SF)[66]

text: Clean sheets[edit]

text:
Rank

Name
Team

Opponent

Awards

1

 Alisson
 Brazil

Costa Rica (GS), Serbia (GS), Mexico (R16)

3

Thibaut Courtois
 Belgium

Panama (GS), England (GS), England (TP)

Hugo Lloris
 France

Peru (GS), Uruguay (QF), Belgium (SF)

Fernando Muslera
 Uruguay

Egypt (GS), Saudi Arabia (GS), Russia (GS)

Robin Olsen
 Sweden

South Korea (GS), Mexico (GS), Switzerland (R16)

6

David Ospina
 Colombia

Poland (GS), Senegal (GS)

2

Kasper Schmeichel
 Denmark

Peru (GS), France (GS)

Danijel Subašić
 Croatia

Nigeria (GS), Argentina (GS)

9

Igor Akinfeev
 Russia

Saudi Arabia (GS)

1

Alireza Beiranvand
 Iran

Morocco (GS)

David de Gea
 Spain

Iran (GS)

Łukasz Fabiański
 Poland

Japan (GS)

Pedro Gallese
 Peru

Australia (GS)

Jo Hyeon-woo
 South Korea

Germany (GS)

Steve Mandanda
 France

Denmark (GS)

Guillermo Ochoa
 Mexico

Germany (GS)

Rui Patrício
 Portugal

Morocco (GS)

Jordan Pickford
 England

Sweden (QF)

Vladimir Stojković
 Serbia

Costa Rica (GS)

Francis Uzoho
 Nigeria

Iceland (GS)

text: Squads[edit]

text: Coaches[edit]

text:
Oldest coach: Óscar Tabárez  Uruguay - 71 years and 104 days in the first game against Egypt, after Otto Rehhagel (71 years and 317 days at the 2010 World Cup), he is the second oldest World Cup coach.[67]
Youngest coach: Aliou Cissé  Senegal - 42 years and 87 days in the first game against Poland.
Country with most coaches:  Argentina with four coaches, alongside Argentina, Egypt, Colombia and Peru are coached by Argentines. This is followed by  Spain with three coaches (Belgium, Saudi Arabia and Spain), then Germany, France, Colombia (with the Colombian coaches serving only other teams as in 2014) and Portugal with two coaches each.
Teams with foreign coaches: Twelve teams are trained by foreign coaches, including two teams (Australia and Denmark) of coaches whose home countries (Netherlands and Norway) did not qualify for the 2018 World Cup.
Longest serving coach: As in 2014, the longest serving team coaches of the World Cup are Joachim Löw and Óscar Tabárez, who have been in charge of the German and Uruguayan national teams since 2006. Tabárez, however, was previously coach of Uruguay from 1988 to 1990, while Löw have worked as an assistant coach for Germany since 2004. Besides them, Didier Deschamps  France, José Pékerman  Colombia and Carlos Queiroz  Iran were at the 2014 World Cup with their current teams and Jorge Sampaoli  Argentina with Chile and Fernando Santos  Portugal with Greece at the 2014 World Cup.
Shortest serving coach: The coach having the shortest time in charge is Fernando Hierro  Spain, who became in charge only two days before his team's first game. In addition to him were Mladen Krstajić  Serbia, Bert van Marwijk  Australia, Akira Nishino  Japan and Juan Antonio Pizzi  Saudi Arabia who resumed duty as coach only after the successful qualification of their current teams. Of these, however, van Marwijk had qualified with Saudi Arabia for the World Cup, but then refused to renew his contract.
Coaches who were former players: Didier Deschamps (France / 1998) became world champion having previously contested as a player, equaling the record of Mário Zagallo and Franz Beckenbauer. Beside him, Aliou Cissé (Senegal / 2002), Gareth Southgate (England / 1998), Óscar Ramírez (Costa Rica / 1990), Adam Nawałka (Poland / 1978), Stanislav Cherchesov (Russia / 1994 and unused in 2002) and Mladen Krstajić (Serbia / 2006 with Serbia & Montenegro) were also coaches who previously played at the World Cup.

text: Players[edit]

text:
Appearance record: Rafael Márquez  Mexico participated in the World Cup for the fifth time, equaling the record of compatriot Antonio Carbajal and Germany player Lothar Matthäus
Oldest player: At 45 years and five months, Essam El-Hadary  Egypt is the oldest player ever to be nominated for a World Cup finals. By his use in the last group match on June 25, he was 45 years and 161 days, thereby becoming the oldest World Cup player.[68]
Youngest player: Daniel Arzani  Australia is the youngest player at the age of 19 years and 163 days. He came on in the group match against France in the 84th minute.[69]
Sofyan Amrabat  Morocco, who came on as a substitute for his brother Nordin Amrabat in the 76th minute in the group match against Iran, is the first player in World Cup history to come in for his brother.[67]
Aleksandr Yerokhin  Russia is the first player to feature as the fourth substitute player in a World Cup match - coming on in the 97th minute of extra time in the Round of 16 match against Spain. This match is also the first ever World Cup match in which eight players have been substituted.[70]
30 teams nominated at least one player from the domestic league, but only England exclusively fielded players of its own domestic league.[71] By contrast, Sweden and Senegal nominated only players from foreign leagues.
The most number of players (129) are active in clubs based in England, the majority of them in the Premier League, with some in the lower leagues. In total 27 of the 32 team squads have players who play in England.
One player each plays in the leagues of Finland, Guinea, Honduras, Norway, Paraguay, Romania, Slovakia and South Africa.
From the leagues of countries that did not qualify for the World Cup, the Italian Serie A have the strongest representation with 58 players.

text: Discipline[edit]

text:
Total number of yellow cards: 219
Average yellow cards per match: 3.42
Total number of red cards: 4
Average red cards per match: 0.06
First yellow card of the tournament:Aleksandr Golovin for Russia against Saudi Arabia
First red card of the tournament:Carlos Sánchez Moreno for Colombia against Japan
Fastest yellow card from kick off: 1st minute
Fastest yellow card after coming on as a substitute: 1st minute
Latest yellow card in a match without extra time: 90+8th minute  Aleksandar Prijović for Serbia against Costa Rica, Cédric Soares for Portugal against Iran
Latest yellow card in a match with extra time: 118th minute
Fastest dismissal from kick off: 3rd minute
Latest dismissal in a match without extra time: 90+4th minute
Shortest time difference between two yellow cards given to the same player: 9 minutes  Igor Smolnikov for Russia against Uruguay (booked in the 27th minute and again in the 36th minute)
Most yellow cards (team): 15  Croatia
Most red cards (team): 1  Colombia, Germany, Russia, Switzerland
Fewest yellow cards (team): 1  Saudi Arabia
Most yellow cards (player): 3  Sebastian Larsson
Most red cards (player): 1  Jérôme Boateng, Michael Lang, Carlos Sánchez Moreno, Igor Smolnikov
Most yellow cards (match): 8  Belgium vs Panama, France vs Argentina, Colombia vs England
Most red cards (match): 1  Colombia vs Japan, Germany vs Sweden, Uruguay vs Russia, Sweden vs Switzerland
Fewest yellow cards (match): 0  Argentina vs Iceland, Uruguay vs Saudi Arabia
Most cards in one match: 8 yellow cards  Belgium vs Panama, France vs Argentina, Colombia vs England

text: Multiple World Cups[edit]

text:
Name

 2006

 2010

 2014

 2018

Total goals

Goals
Against

Goals
Against

Goals
Against

Goals
Against

 Cristiano Ronaldo

1
IRN

1
PRK

1
GHA

4
ESP (3), MAR

7

text:
Name

 2006

 2010

 2014

 2018

Total goals

Goals
Against

Goals
Against

Goals
Against

Goals
Against

 Edinson Cavani

N/A

1
GER

1
CRC

3
RUS, POR (2)

5

 Javier Hernández

N/A

2
FRA, ARG

1
CRO

1
KOR

4

 Keisuke Honda

N/A

2
CMR, DEN

1
CIV

1
SEN

4

 Lionel Messi

1
SCG

0
N/A

4
BIH, IRN, NGA (2)

1
NGA

6

 Luis Suárez

N/A

3
MEX, KOR (2)

2
ENG (2)

2
KSA, RUS

7

text: Messi played in 2010 but did not score.

text:
Name

 2002

 2006

 2010

 2014

 2018

Total

Apps
Against

Apps
Against

Apps
Against

Apps
Against

Apps
Against

 Rafael Márquez

4
CRO, ECU, ITA, USA

4
IRN, ANG, POR, ARG

4
RSA, FRA, URU, ARG

4
CMR, BRA, CRO, NED

3
GER, KOR, BRA

19

text: Márquez became the first player to captain his team in five different World Cups.

text:
Name

 2006

 2010

 2014

 2018

Total

Apps
Against

Apps
Against

Apps
Against

Apps
Against

 Valon Behrami

1
KOR

1
CHI

4
ECU, FRA, HON, ARG

4
BRA, SRB, CRC, SWE

10

 Tim Cahill

4
JPN, BRA, CRO, ITA

2
GER, SRB

2
CHI, NED

1
PER

9

 Andrés Guardado

1
ARG

3
RSA, URU, ARG

4
CMR, BRA, CRO, NED

4
GER, KOR, SWE, BRA

12

 Andrés Iniesta

1
KSA

6
SUI, CHI, POR, PAR, GER, NED

3
NED, CHI, AUS

4
POR, IRN, MAR, RUS

14

 Javier Mascherano

5
CIV, SCG, NED, MEX, GER

4
NGA, KOR, MEX, GER

7
BIH, IRN, NGA, SUI, BEL, NED, GER

4
ISL, CRO, NGA, FRA

20

 Lionel Messi

3
SCG, NED, MEX

5
NGA, KOR, GRE, MEX, GER

7
BIH, IRN, NGA, SUI, BEL, NED, GER

4
ISL, CRO, NGA, FRA

19

 Sergio Ramos

3
UKR, TUN, FRA

7
SUI, HON, CHI, POR, PAR, GER, NED

3
NED, CHI, AUS

4
POR, IRN, MAR, RUS

17

 Cristiano Ronaldo

6
ANG, IRN, NED, ENG, FRA, GER

4
CIV, PRK, BRA, ESP

3
GER, USA, GHA

4
ESP, MAR, IRN, URU

17

text: Overall results[edit]

text: Bold numbers indicate the maximum values in each column.

text: By team[edit]

text:
Team

Pld

W

D

L

Pts

APts

GF

AGF

GA

AGA

GD

AGD

CS

ACS

YC

AYC

RC

ARC

 Argentina

4

1

1

2

4

1.00

6
1.50

9
2.25

-3
-0.75

0

0.00

11

2.75

0

0.00

 Australia

3

0

1

2

1

0.33

2
0.67

5
1.67

-3
-1.00

0

0.00

7

2.33

0

0.00

 Belgium

7

6

0

1

18

2.57

16
2.29

6
0.86

+10
1.43

3

0.43

11

1.57

0

0.00

 Brazil

5

3

1

1

10

2.00

8
1.60

3
0.60

+5
1.00

3

0.60

7

1.40

0

0.00

 Colombia

4

2

1

1

7

1.75

6
1.50

3
0.75

+3
0.75

2

0.50

9

2.25

1

0.25

 Costa Rica

3

0

1

2

1

0.33

2
0.67

5
1.67

-3
-1.00

0

0.00

6

2.00

0

0.00

 Croatia

7

4

2

1

14

2.00

14
2.00

9
1.29

+5
0.71

2

0.29

15

2.14

0

0.00

 Denmark

4

1

3

0

6

1.50

3
0.75

2
0.50

+1
0.25

2

0.50

6

1.50

0

0.00

 Egypt

3

0

0

3

0

0.00

2
0.67

6
2.00

-4
-1.33

0

0.00

5

1.67

0

0.00

 England

7

3

1

3

10

1.43

12
1.71

8
1.14

+4
0.57

1

0.14

8

1.14

0

0.00

 France

7

6

1

0

19

2.71

14
2.00

6
0.86

+8
1.14

4

0.57

12

1.71

0

0.00

 Germany

3

1

0

2

3

1.00

2
0.67

4
1.33

-2
-0.67

0

0.00

2

0.67

1

0.33

 Iceland

3

0

1

2

1

0.33

2
0.67

5
1.67

-3
-1.00

0

0.00

3

1.00

0

0.00

 Iran

3

1

1

1

4

1.33

2
0.67

2
0.67

0
0.00

1

0.33

7

2.33

0

0.00

 Japan

4

1

1

2

4

1.00

6
1.50

7
1.75

-1
-0.25

0

0.00

5

1.25

0

0.00

 Mexico

4

2

0

2

6

1.50

3
0.75

6
1.50

-3
-0.75

1

0.25

9

2.25

0

0.00

 Morocco

3

0

1

2

1

0.33

2
0.67

4
1.33

-2
-0.67

0

0.00

8

2.67

0

0.00

 Nigeria

3

1

0

2

3

1.00

3
1.00

4
1.33

-1
-0.33

1

0.33

4

1.33

0

0.00

 Panama

3

0

0

3

0

0.00

2
0.67

11
3.67

-9
-3.00

0

0.00

11

3.67

0

0.00

 Peru

3

1

0

2

3

1.00

2
0.67

2
0.67

0
0.00

1

0.33

5

1.67

0

0.00

 Poland

3

1

0

2

3

1.00

2
0.67

5
1.67

-3
-1.00

1

0.33

3

1.00

0

0.00

 Portugal

4

1

2

1

5

1.25

6
1.50

6
1.50

0
0.00

1

0.25

7

1.75

0

0.00

 Russia

5

2

2

1

8

1.60

11
2.20

7
1.40

+4
0.80

1

0.20

6

1.20

1

0.20

 Saudi Arabia

3

1

0

2

3

1.00

2
0.67

7
2.33

-5
-1.67

0

0.00

1

0.33

0

0.00

 Senegal

3

1

1

1

4

1.33

4
1.33

4
1.33

0
0.00

0

0.00

6

2.00

0

0.00

 Serbia

3

1

0

2

3

1.00

2
0.67

4
1.33

-2
-0.67

1

0.33

9

3.00

0

0.00

 South Korea

3

1

0

2

3

1.00

3
1.00

3
1.00

0
0.00

1

0.33

10

3.33

0

0.00

 Spain

4

1

3

0

6

1.50

7
1.75

6
1.50

+1
0.25

1

0.25

2

0.50

0

0.00

 Sweden

5

3

0

2

9

1.80

6
1.20

4
0.80

+2
0.40

3

0.60

8

1.60

0

0.00

  Switzerland

4

1

2

1

5

1.25

5
1.25

5
1.25

0
0.00

0

0.00

9

2.25

1

0.25

 Tunisia

3

1

0

2

3

1.00

5
1.67

8
2.67

-3
-1.00

0

0.00

4

1.33

0

0.00

 Uruguay

5

4

0

1

12

2.40

7
1.40

3
0.60

+4
0.80

3

0.60

3

0.60

0

0.00

Total

64(1)

51

13(2)

51

179

1.40

169

1.32

169

1.32

0

0.00

33

0.26

219

1.71

4

0.03

text: Team(s) rendered in italics represent(s) the host nation(s). The competition's winning team is rendered in bold.(1) – Total games lost not counted in total games played (total games lost = total games won)(2) – Total number of games drawn (tied) for all teams = Total number of games drawn (tied) ÷ 2 (both teams involved)(3) – As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.

text: By confederation[edit]

text:
Confederation

T

Pld

W

D

L

Pts

APts

Pts/T

AFC
5
16
4
3
9
15
0.94
3.00

CAF
5
15
3
2
10
11
0.73
2.20

CONCACAF
3
10
2
1
7
7
0.70
2.33

CONMEBOL
5
21
11
3
7
36
1.71
7.20

UEFA
14
66
31
17
18
110
1.67
7.86

Total

32

64(1)

51

13(2)

51

179

1.40

5.59

text: Host nation(s) are situated in the region(s) rendered in italics.(1) – Total games lost not counted in total games played (total games lost = total games won)(2) – Total number of games drawn (tied) for all teams = Total number of games drawn (tied) ÷ 2 (both teams involved)(3) – As per statistical convention in football, matches decided in extra time are counted as wins and losses, while matches decided by penalty shoot-outs are counted as draws.

text: Stadiums[edit]

text:
Stadium

City

Capacity

Elevation

Matchesplayed

Overallattendance

Averageattendanceper match

Averageattendanceas % of capacity

Overallgoalsscored

Averagegoals scoredper match

Central Stadium

Yekaterinburg

33,061[72]

273 m[73]

4

125,437

31,359

94.85%

9

2.25

Cosmos Arena

Samara

41,970[74]

163 m[75]

6

248,060

41,343

98.51%

11

1.83

Fisht Olympic Stadium

Sochi

44,287[76]

1 m[77]

6

264,057

44,010

99.37%

21

3.50

Kaliningrad Stadium

Kaliningrad

33,973[78]

0 m

4

132,249

33,062

97.32%

10

2.50

Kazan Arena

Kazan

42,873[79]

51 m[80]

6

254,451

42,409

98.92%

19

3.17

Krestovsky Stadium

Saint Petersburg

64,468[81]

13 m[82]

7

448,686

64,098

99.43%

14

2.00

Luzhniki Stadium

Moscow

78,011[83]

151 m[84]

7

546,077

78,011

100.00%

18

2.57

Mordovia Arena

Saransk

41,685[85]

126 m[86]

4

160,237

40,059

96.10%

9

2.25

Nizhny Novgorod Stadium

Nizhny Novgorod

43,319[87]

73 m[88]

6

256,427

42,738

98.66%

19

3.17

Otkritie Arena

Moscow

44,190[89]

125 m[90]

5

220,950

44,190

100.00%

16

3.20

Rostov Arena

Rostov-on-Don

43,472[91]

0 m

5

214,197

42,839

98.54%

14

2.80

Volgograd Arena

Volgograd

43,713[92]

31 m[93]

4

160,980

40,245

92.07%

9

2.25

Total
3,080,085

64
3,031,768
47,371
98.43%
169
2.64

text: Attendance records[edit]

text: Top 10 highest attendances.

text:
Rank
Attendance
Match
Venue
City
Date
Ref

1

78,011

 Russia vs  Saudi Arabia

Luzhniki Stadium

Moscow

14 June 2018

[94]

 Germany vs  Mexico

17 June 2018

[95]

 Portugal vs  Morocco

20 June 2018

[96]

 Denmark vs  France

26 June 2018

[97]

 Spain vs  Russia

1 July 2018

[98]

 Croatia vs  England

11 July 2018

[99]

 France vs  Croatia

15 July 2018

[100]

8

64,468

 Russia vs  Egypt

Krestovsky Stadium

Saint Petersburg

19 June 2018

[101]

 Brazil vs  Costa Rica

22 June 2018

[102]

 Nigeria vs  Argentina

26 June 2018

[103]

text: Lowest attendance: 27,015 –  Egypt vs  Uruguay, Central Stadium, Yekaterinburg, 15 June 2018[104]


document_title: Bianca Lawson

question_text: girl who plays maya in pretty little liars

text: Bianca Lawson

text: Early life

text: Lawson was born in Los Angeles, California. She is the daughter of Denise (née Gordy) and actor Richard Lawson, making her the step-daughter to Lawson's second wife Tina Knowles, and step-sister to singers Beyoncé and Solange Knowles.[1] Lawson is also the great-niece of Motown founder Berry Gordy.[2] She attended the Stella Adler Studio of Acting and graduated from Marymount High School, a Catholic school in Los Angeles. She then went on to study film and psychology at University of Southern California.[3] Lawson's parents are both African-American, and she also has Italian, Native American, Portuguese, and Creole ancestry.[4]

text: Career

text: Lawson began acting at the age of nine, having appeared in commercials for Barbie and Revlon. In 1993, she was cast in the television series Saved by the Bell: The New Class as series regular Megan Jones. She appeared in multiple episodes of The WB sitcoms Sister, Sister as Rhonda Coley and The Steve Harvey Show as Rosalind. In 1996, she co-starred in the UPN sitcom Goode Behavior as family sub-title character Bianca Goode, which lasted for just one season. In 1997, she appeared in Buffy the Vampire Slayer as vampire slayer Kendra Young. In 1999, she appeared in The WB's Dawson's Creek as rival character Nikki Green.

text: In 2009, Lawson was cast as Shawna in The Secret Life of the American Teenager. That same year, she was cast in the CW television series The Vampire Diaries, as witch Emily Bennett. In December 2009, she was cast as Maya St. Germain in the ABC Family series Pretty Little Liars, based on the book series by Sara Shepard.[5] She appeared in that show from June 2010 through August 2012. Since 2012, she has had a recurring role as Ms. Morell in the MTV television series Teen Wolf, based on the original film from 1985. In 2014, Lawson had a recurring role as Eva in Witches of East End. In 2015, she was cast as series regular Talia Freeman in season three of Rogue.

text: Lawson has made appearances in two different television miniseries. In 1998, she appeared in The Temptations as Diana Ross (whom Lawson is related to through Ross's daughter Rhonda Ross Kendrick); and in 2001, she was cast as Anna Bella Monroe in Anne Rice's The Feast of All Saints.

text: Some of Lawson's film credits to date include Primary Colors (1998), Save the Last Dance (2001), Bones (2001) and Breakin' All the Rules (2004).

text: Aside from film and television, Lawson provided her voice to the 2011 video game Star Wars: The Old Republic.

text: In 2016, Lawson was cast in the Oprah Winfrey Network drama series, Queen Sugar created by Ava DuVernay.[6]

text: Filmography

text: Film

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1998
Twice the Fear
Girlfriend
Direct-to-video

Primary Colors
Loretta

2000
Big Monster on Campus
Darien Stompanato
Direct-to-video

2001
Save the Last Dance
Nikki

Bones
Cynthia

2003
Jeepers Creepers 2
(uncredited)

2004
Breakin' All the Rules
Helen Sharp

Dead & Breakfast
Kate

The Pavilion
Mary
Direct-to-video

2005
Flip the Script
Angel
Direct-to-video

2006
Broken
Mia
Independent film

National Lampoon's Pledge This!
Monique
Direct-to-video

2007
Supergator
Carla Masters
Direct-to-video

2009
The Killing of Wendy
Brooke
Independent film

text: Television

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

1993–94
Saved by the Bell: The New Class
Megan Jones
Main role (seasons 1–2); 39 episodes

1994
What'z Up?
Herself
Co-host

My So-Called Life
Third Bathroom Girl
Episode: "Pilot"

1995
Me and the Boys
Girl
Episode: "The Age of Reason"

In the House
Rachel
Episode: "The Final Cut"

Saved by the Bell: The New Class
Megan Jones
Archive footage: "Screech's Dream" (#3.19)

1995–96
Sister, Sister
Rhonda Coley
Recurring role; 7 episodes

1996–97
Goode Behavior
Bianca Goode
Regular role; 22 episodes

1997–99
Smart Guy
Shirley/Tracy
2 episodes

1997
The Parent 'Hood
Jasmine
2 episodes

1997–98
Buffy the Vampire Slayer
Kendra Young
3 episodes

1998
Silk Stalkings
Renee
Episode: "Rage"

The Steve Harvey Show
Rosalind
3 episodes

The Temptations
Diana Ross
Television mini-series

1999–2000
Dawson's Creek
Nikki Green
4 episodes

2001
Strong Medicine
Esperenza Maldonaldo
Episode: "Control Group"

The Late Late Show with Craig Kilborn
Herself
Guest

The Feast of All Saints
Anna Bella Monroe
Television mini-series

2002
For the People
Asia Portman
Episode: "Textbook Perfect"

Haunted
Brandi Combs
Episode: "Blind Witness"

2003
Loose Lips
Herself
Television series documentary

2004
The Division
Marilynn Resiser
Episode: "Play Ball"

The Big House
Angela
Episode: "Almost Touched by an Angel"

Fearless
Harmony Kaye
Unsold Television pilot

2006
Living in TV Land
Herself
Episode: "Sherman Hemsley"

2008
The Cleaner
Jeannie
2 episodes

2009
Bones
Albie
Episode: "Fire in the Ice"

The Secret Life of the American Teenager
Shawna
Recurring role; 6 episodes

Sorority Wars
(uncredited)[citation needed]
Television film

2009–14
The Vampire Diaries
Emily Bennett
Recurring role; 6 episodes

2010–12
Pretty Little Liars
Maya St. Germain
Main role (season 1); 22 episodes

2010
Nikita
Emily Robinson
Episode: "The Guardian"

2011
American Horror Story
Abby
Episode: "Pilot"

Heavenly
Sasha Grant
Television film

2012–14
Teen Wolf
Marin Morrell
Recurring role; 12 episodes

2012
Beauty & the Beast
Lafferty
Episode: "Trapped"

All About Christmas Eve
Lila
Television film

2 Broke Girls
Stacy
Episode: "And the Silent Partner"

2013
Good Day L.A.
Herself
Guest

2014
House of Secrets
Julie
Television film

Wolf Watch
Herself
Guest

Witches of East End
Eva/Selina
Recurring role; 10 episodes

Pretty Little Liars: We Love You to DeAth
Herself
Television special

2015
Chicago P.D.
Kylie Rosales
Episode: "We Don't Work Together Anymore"

Rogue
Talia Freeman
Main role (season 3); 10 episodes

2016–present
Queen Sugar
Darla
Series regular

text: Video games

text:
Year
Title
Role
Notes

2011
Star Wars: The Old Republic
(voice)
Provided additional voices


document_title: Emmerdale

question_text: who were the original cast of emmerdale farm

text: Emmerdale

text: Conception

text: The premise of Emmerdale Farm was similar to the BBC radio soap opera The Archers, focusing on a family, a farm and characters in a nearby village. The programme's farmyard filming was originally modelled on RTÉ's The Riordans, an Irish soap opera which was broadcast from the mid-1960s to the end of the 1970s. The Riordans broke new ground for soap operas by being filmed largely outdoors (on a farm, owned on the programme by Tom and Mary Riordan) rather than in a studio—the usual practice of British and American soap operas. The programme pioneered farmyard location shooting, with farm animals and equipment. During the 1960s and 1970s, outdoor filming of television programmes with outdoor broadcast units (OBUs) was in its infancy due to higher costs and reliance on the weather. The Riordans' success demonstrated that a soap opera could be filmed largely outdoors, and Yorkshire Television sent people to its set in County Meath to see the programme's production firsthand.[1][2]

text: Characters, residences and businesses

text: Emmerdale has had a large number of characters since it began, with its cast gradually expanding in size. The programme has also had changing residences and businesses for its characters, including a bed-and-breakfast and a factory.

text: The Miffield estate was the largest employer in the village of Beckindale, 39 miles (63 km) from Bradford and 52 miles (84 km) from Leeds. Lord Miffield leased Emmerdale Farm, on the edge of the village, to the Sugden family during the 1850s in gratitude after Josh Sugden sacrificed his life for the earl's son in the Crimean War. Josh's grandson Joseph married Margaret Oldroyd and their son, Jacob, was born in January 1916. During the 1930s, Jacob Sugden purchased Emmerdale Farm. In 1945 he married Annie Pearson, daughter of farm labourer Sam Pearson. Margaret Sugden died in 1963, and Joseph died the following year.

text: Jacob Sugden ran the farm into the ground, drinking away its profits. The badly-maintained farm's future looked bleak at his death on 10 October 1972. He was survived by his wife Annie, two sons and a daughter: Jack, the eldest; Peggy and Joe, the youngest of the three. These characters formed the basis of Emmerdale Farm.

text: Character types on Emmerdale have included "bad boys", such as Cain Dingle, Ross Barton, Carl King, Robert Sugden and Aaron Livesy; "bitches", such as Kim Tate, Charity Dingle, Nicola King, Chrissie White, Kelly Windsor and Sadie King; "villains", such as Cameron Murray, Lachlan White, Pierce Harris, Steph Stokes, Rosemary King, Gordon Livesy, Emma Barton and Sally Spode; caring characters, such as Laurel Thomas, Emily Kirk, Lisa Dingle, Paddy Kirk, Ashley Thomas and Ruby Haswell; sassy females, such as Chas Dingle, Val Pollard, Viv Hope, Nicola King, Faith Dingle, Rebecca White and Leyla Harding, and comedy characters such as Kerry Wyatt, Bernice Blackstock, David Metcalfe, Val Pollard, Paddy Kirk, Faith Dingle, Seth Armstrong, Dan Spencer and Jimmy King. The show has had a number of matriarchs, including Diane Sugden, Viv Hope, Lisa Dingle, Annie Sugden, Faith Dingle and Moira Barton. Older characters in Emmerdale include Edna Birch, Betty Eagleton, Eric Pollard, Pearl Ladderbanks, Sandy Thomas, Seth Armstrong, Alan Turner, Sam Pearson, Lily Butterfield and Len Reynolds.

text: First episode

text: The first episode of Emmerdale Farm, aired on 16 October 1972, began with Jacob Sugden's funeral. Jacob upset the family when he left the farm to his eldest son, Jack, who left home at 18 in 1964 and had not returned. Jack appeared in the opening episode, avoiding the funeral and waiting for the Sugdens at Emmerdale Farm. Over the next few months Jack sold a share of the farm to his mother Annie, brother Joe, sister Peggy and grandfather Sam Pearson. Emmerdale Farm Ltd was formed when Henry Wilks bought Sam's share of the estate. The first episode, along with the others, have been repeated and released on a variety of media.[3]

text: Characters introduced in the first episode were:

text:
Annie Sugden (Sheila Mercier)
Jack Sugden (Andrew Burt)
Peggy Skilbeck (Jo Kendall)
Matt Skilbeck (Frederick Pyne)
Joe Sugden (Frazer Hines)
Sam Pearson (Toke Townley)
Amos Brearly (Ronald Magill)
Henry Wilks (Arthur Pentelow)
Marian Wilks (Gail Harrison)
Alec Saunders (Alan Tucker)

text: Overview

text: First 21 years

text: The show's focus, initially on the farm and the Sugden family, moved to the nearby village of Beckindale. Reflecting this change, on 14 November 1989 its title was changed to Emmerdale. Coinciding with the title change was the introduction of the Tate family. These changes and more exciting storylines and dramatic episodes, such as Pat Sugden's 1986 car crash and the 1988 Crossgill fire, gradually began to improve the soap's popularity under new executive producer Keith Richardson. Richardson produced the programme for 24 years, overseeing its transformation from a minor, daytime, rural drama into a major UK soap opera.[4] The Windsor family arrived in 1993.

text: Plane crash and the next 15 years

text: By 1993 Emmerdale was beginning its third decade on the air. In December of that year, one particular episode emerged as a major turning point for the show's history. Meant to evoke memories of the Lockerbie Disaster whose fifth anniversary was just nine days prior, the Emmerdale episode written for 30 December attracted its highest-ever audience (over 18 million) by featuring a plane crashing into the village, killing four people.[5] According to Nick Smurthwaite, the episode brought forth not just ratings but "complaints from aghast viewers."[5] Nevertheless, the episode proved to be "brilliant television", as the highly rated episode "allowed the writers to get rid of much dead wood, and reinvent the soap virtually from scratch", which included survivors changing the village name from Beckindale to Emmerdale.[5]

text: Emmerdale had dramatic storylines for the rest of the 1990s and new long-term characters, such as the Dingle family, were introduced. The Tates became the soap's leading family during the decade, overshadowing the Sugdens and remaining at Home Farm for 16 years. Family members left or died and the last, Zoe, left in 2005. The early and mid-2000s included episodes with a storm (a similar, less-major storyline 10 years after the plane crash), a bus crash, the Kings River explosion, Sarah Sugden's death in a barn fire and the Sugden house fire (set in 2007 by Victoria Sugden, who was seeking the truth about her mother's death). It also saw the introduction of major long-term characters, including the King family and Cain and Charity Dingle (who left before returning in 2009).[6]

text: In 2009 the longest-tenured character, Jack Sugden, was killed off after the death of actor Clive Hornby (who had played Jack since 1980). Jack's funeral featured the first on-screen appearance in 13 years of Annie Sugden (Sheila Mercier). Early that year, executive producer Keith Richardson was replaced by former series producer Steve November (later replaced by John Whiston). Gavin Blyth became the series producer, followed by Stuart Blackburn after his death.

text: 40th anniversary week and beyond

text: Emmerdale celebrated its 40th anniversary on 16 October 2012. On 1 May 2012, it was announced that the show would have its first-ever live episode.[7] On 25 June 2012, it was announced that Tony Prescott, who directed the 50th anniversary live episode of Coronation Street in December 2010 would direct the episode.[8] On 23 July it was reported that an ITV2 backstage show, Emmerdale Uncovered: Live, would be broadcast after the live episode.[9] On 14 August, it was announced that the production team was building a new Woolpack set for the live episode. Although Emmerdale's village and interior sets are miles apart, its producers wanted The Woolpack to feature in the live episode.[10] On 31 August, it was announced that Emmerdale had created and filmed a live music festival with performances by Scouting for Girls and The Proclaimers.[11] On 6 September, it was confirmed that the One-hour live episode would include an unexpected death, two weddings and two births.[12]

text: Emmerdale Live aired on 17 October 2012, in the middle of the 40th anniversary week, with the death revealed to be Carl King's. The story of Carl's death took the show into 2013, when a new series producer replaced Blackburn (who became producer of Coronation Street).

text: At the beginning of August 2015, Emmerdale introduced a new storyline: "Summer Fate", with the tagline "The choices we make are the paths we take. Who will meet their summer fate?". A promo for the storyline was released on 13 July. A disaster storyline had been rumoured, confirmed by the promo. The disaster was identified on 1 August, two days before the disaster week began, as a helicopter crash. The crash was triggered by an argument between Chrissie and Robert Sugden; Chrissie set Robert's car ablaze, causing exploding gas canisters to collide with a helicopter. The helicopter crashed into the village hall during Debbie Dingle and Pete Barton's wedding reception. Regular characters Ruby Haswell and Val Pollard were killed in the aftermath of the crash. Although Ross Barton was apparently murdered by his brother Pete, it was learned three weeks later that he survived.

text: Families

text: Emmerdale has featured a number of families, some defining an era of the show:

text:
The Sugden family (1972–present)
The Bates family (1984–2001)
The Tate family (1989–2005,  2009–present)
The Windsor/Hope families (1993–present)
The Dingle family (1994–present)
The Glover family (1994–2000)
The Thomas family (1996–present)
The Blackstock/Lambert family (1998–present)
The Reynolds family (1999–2007)
The King family (2004–present)
The Sinclair family (2006–2008)
The Wylde/Lamb family (2009–2011)
The Barton family (2009–present)
The Sharma family (2009–present)
The Macey family (2010–present)
The Spencer family (2011–present)
The White family (2014–present)

text: The Sugdens and their relatives, the Merricks and the Skilbecks, were at the centre of the show during the series' first two decades in the 1970s and 1980s (the Emmerdale Farm era). The Sugdens, owners of Emmerdale Farm, were its first family. Many of its members, and those of the Merrick and Skilbeck families, have left or been killed off since the mid-1990s.

text: December 1984 saw the arrival of Caroline Bates; her teenage children, Kathy and Nick, followed in late 1985. Caroline left the show in 1989, returning for guest appearances in 1991, 1993-1994 and 1996. Nick was written out of the show when he was sentenced to ten years in prison in 1997. Kathy and her niece, Alice, remained in the village until late 2001; by then, Kathy had outlived two husbands. Through her, the Bateses are related to two of Emmerdale's central families: the Sugdens (through Jackie Merrick) and the Tates (through Chris Tate).

text: Sugdens remaining in the village include Jack's widow, Diane; his three children, Andy, Robert and Victoria Barton; Andy's children Sarah and Jack (the latter born on the show's 40th anniversary), and Robert's son Sebastian. Other families followed: the middle-class Windsors in 1993 (known as the Hope family after Viv's 2001 remarriage to Bob Hope) and the ne'er-do-well Dingles in 1994.

text: The Tate, Windsor-Hope and Dingle families predominated during the 1990s and 2000s. The era's storylines included the 1993 plane crash, the 1994 Home Farm siege, the 1998 post-office robbery, the 2000 bus crash, the 2003–04 storm and the 2006 King show-home collapse. By the mid- to late-2000s, the last of the Tates (Zoe, daughter Jean and nephew Joseph) had emigrated to New Zealand. In 2009, Chris Tate's ex-wife Charity and their son Noah returned to the village. In 2017, Joseph Tate returned to the village. Members of the Windsor-Hope family left the village in early 2006, and Viv Hope was killed off in a village fire in February 2011 after nearly 18 years on the show. As of 2017, only Donna Windsor's daughter, April, and the Hope branch of the family (Bob and his children, twins Cathy and Heathcliff) remain.

text: The King family arrived in 2004 (as the Tates departed), but, apart from Jimmy King and his three children, Elliott, Angelica and Carl, its members have been killed off.

text: In 2018, most of the Dingles remained, with having actually increased their numbers in Emmerdale over recent years. Their circumstances had changed in their two decades in the village; Chas Dingle owned half of The Woolpack, with Charity Dingle owning the other half, and Marlon was a chef there. In 2014, the Dingles, Bartons and Whites are the central families; the Bartons are a farming family, and the Whites currently own Home Farm. In 2018, the Barton and White families had slowly been diminished, while the Sugden, and later the Tate, family had been brought back into front-burner storylines.

text: Storylines

text: Over the years, Emmerdale has highlighted a range of different social issues, including rape, cancer, miscarriage, dementia, homosexuality, arson, murder, HIV, sexual assault, post traumatic stress disorder, brain aneurysm, adultery, domestic violence, financial problems, embezzlement, sexual abuse, alcoholism, drug addiction, anorexia, teenage pregnancy, gambling addiction, bereavement, fraud, suicide, mesothelioma, schizophrenia, manslaughter, becoming a parent in later life, sudden infant death syndrome, self-harming, assisted suicide, epilepsy and premature births.

text:
1973 – Sharon Crossthwaite was raped and strangled by Jim Latimer. Jack Sugden discovered the truth after arriving home to find Jim trying to strangle Penny Golightly, after which Jim confessed his murder of Sharon.
1973 – Jack Sugden's lodger, Ian ("Trash") McIntyre, died trying to escape from a first-floor window at The Old Mill, where Jack had locked him in for his own safety; he fell, breaking his neck.
1976 – Matt Skilbeck's twin children (Sam and Sally) and his aunt, Beattie Dowton, were killed at a level crossing when their car was struck by a train.
1976 – Heather Bannerman crashed into the front gate at Emmerdale Farm after borrowing her husband's car.
1977 – A storm broke over Beckindale, and Ray and Sarah Oswell sought refuge at Emmerdale Farm after their cottage was destroyed by a falling tree.
1977 – A fire broke out at Emmerdale Farm, and the Beckindale Volunteer Fire Service arrived to fight the blaze; a firefighter was severely burned.
1977 – A fire broke out in the village, attributed to tourists staying in a barn.
1978 – An explosion at a mine trapped the vicar's son, Clive Hinton, and his friends Ian and Rod. Clive and Rod were found unconscious, and Ian escaped with cuts and bruises.
1978 – Steve Hawker and Pip Coulter robbed The Woolpack and left Amos Brearly and Henry Wilks locked in the cellar. The teenagers went to Emmerdale Farm, where they held Sam Pearson at gunpoint. To save her father, Annie Sugden gave them a getaway car.

text:
1981 – Farmer Enoch Tolly was killed in a tractor accident.
1982 – Enraged when he was sacked from NY Estates by Alan Turner, Jackie Merrick set fire to one of NY's caravans.
1985 – Jackie Merrick was knocked off his motorbike by Alan Turner's Land Rover, and spent five months in hospital with multiple fractures.
1986 – Pat Sugden died when she crashed her car down a hillside after she swerved to avoid a flock of sheep.
1987 – Jackie Merrick fell down a disused mineshaft whilst trying to rescue a stray sheep.
1988 – Phil Pearce left old rags at Crossgill Farm; they caught fire, trapping Annie Sugden inside.
1989 – Quarryman Dennis Rigg was crushed to death by Joe Sugden's bull when he threatened to evict the Sugdens.
1989 – Jackie Merrick accidentally shot himself whilst hunting a fox for a £10 bet.

text:
1990 – Frank and Kim Tate arrived home to find the Home Farm barn conversion had been set afire. Although Michael Feldmann was suspected, the culprit was farm labourer Jock McDonald.
1990 – Kate Sugden struck and killed Pete Whiteley when she drove home from Hotten.
1990 – A chemical tanker crashed into the village, trapping Amos Brearly in the Woolpack cellar.
1993–1994 – A plane crashed in Beckindale, leaving most of the village in ruins and killing Archie Brooks, Elizabeth Pollard, Mark Hughes and Leonard Kempinski.
1994 – Shirley Turner was shot dead during the Home Farm raid by Reg Dawson, ex-husband of Viv Windsor.
1995 – Luke McAllister died when his van crashed into a wall and exploded in flames.
1996 – Dave Glover died in a fire at Home Farm after he attended the wedding of Biff Fowler and Dave's sister, Linda.
1997 – At the engagement party for Steve Marchant and Kim Tate, after Lord Alex Oakwell snorted cocaine and took Linda Fowler for a late-night drive. As Linda fought off his advances, he crashed through a fence and struck a tree. Alex moved the semi-conscious, bleeding Linda to the driver's seat, wiped his fingerprints off the steering wheel and left her to die.
1998 – Vic Windsor died on Christmas Day when he struck his head on an ice-cream chest freezer in an attempt to prevent an armed Billy Hopwood from robbing the post office.
1999 – Graham Clark killed Rachel Hughes, pushing her off a cliff.

text:
2000 – A van and minibus collided in the village. Van driver Pete Collins died at the scene, and minibus passenger Butch Dingle died in hospital the next day.
2000 – Longtime character Sarah Sugden died in a barn fire set by her adopted son, Andy. Sarah's lover, Richie Carter, was trapped in the barn but was rescued by Sarah's husband Jack.
2001 – School headmistress Jean Strickland was struck and killed by a stolen car driven by Marc Reynolds, a student returning home from a night out with friends.
2003–2004 – A storm pounded Emmerdale 10 years after the plane crash, leaving part of the village in ruins with downed power lines and trees. Lightning struck The Woolpack's chimney, sending it through the roof into the bar and fatally injuring Tricia Dingle. Ashley Thomas and Louise Appleton were stranded on the road.
2005 – Max King died when the Land Rover in which he was a passenger crashed into a brick wall and exploded. Driver Andy Sugden escaped unharmed, giving the police a false account of the accident to avoid prosecution.
2006 – The Kings River show home was destroyed by explosions from a gas leak. Three people died; Noreen Bell and estate agent David Brown were killed in the explosion, and Dawn Woods died in hospital from internal injuries.
2006 – Tom King was murdered on Christmas Day by his son, Carl, who struck him on the head with a statue and pushed him out a window.
2007 – DCI Grace Barraclough was killed when she was hit by a lorry on her way to the police station to report Carl's murder of his father.
2007 – Victoria Sugden threatened to burn down the family home if her father (Jack) and adoptive brother (Andy) did not tell her who killed her mother. Andy admitted he was responsible, but the fuel she had spread ignited when the boiler fired up; the house was gutted, but the family survived.
2008 – Matthew King was killed when his van crashed into a wall while he tried to run over his brother, Carl. The brothers were fighting after Carl ruined Matthew's wedding to Anna De Souza earlier that day.

text:
2010 – Aaron Livesy and Jackson Walsh went out with Paddy Kirk and Marlon Dingle. After an argument with Aaron, Jackson's van stalled on railway tracks and was struck by a freight train; he was paralysed from the neck down.
2011 – A fire set by corrupt policeman Nick Henshall spread through the village, killing Terry Woods and Viv Hope.
2012 – On their way to a hotel (booked by their son after their reconciliation), John and Moira Barton's Land Rover hit a patch of black ice and stopped at the edge of a ravine. Although Moira (the passenger) was rescued by Declan Macey and Katie Sugden, the car fell into the ravine with John trapped inside; he died in hospital.
2012 – On Emmerdale's 40th anniversary, Carl King was killed with a brick by romantic rival Cameron Murray after he tried to rape former lover Chas Dingle.
2013 – Genesis Walker's car ran off a country road and into a ravine during a high-speed chase by Cameron Murray and Debbie Dingle after Genesis overheard Cameron admit that he murdered Carl King. Cameron pulled the semi-conscious Gennie out of the car and suffocated her.
2013 – On Emmerdale's 41st anniversary, Cameron Murray escaped from prison and held villagers hostage in The Woolpack. Alicia Harding was shot, and in a showdown in the flooded Woolpack cellar with Debbie, Chas and Marlon Dingle (who were rescued) Cameron was electrocuted.
2014 – During an argument Belle Dingle pushed Gemma Andrews, who fell and hit her head on a stone. They walked away, but on her way home Gemma fell and was rushed to hospital where she died.
2014 – Donna Windsor threw herself and Gary North from a multi-storey car park to their deaths.
2014 – Declan Macey shot Robbie Lawson dead in an attempt to kill Charity Macey.
2015 – During an argument, Chrissie Sugden set her husband Robert's car on fire. The fire caused gas canisters to explode, sending a helicopter crashing into the village hall during Debbie Dingle and Pete Barton's wedding reception. Ruby Haswell, Val Pollard and the helicopter pilot were killed.
2015 – Robert Sugden (Ryan Hawley) is shot outside The Woolpack by an unknown assailant in front of Chas Dingle (Lucy Pargeter); four weeks later, a flashback episode revealed the events of that night. Ross Barton (Michael Parr) shot him after Ross agreed with Andy Sugden (Kelvin Fletcher) to kill the other's brother. Ashley Thomas (John Middleton) might have dementia and Paddy Kirk (Dominic Brunt) cheated on his wife, Rhona Goskirk (Zoe Henry), with Tess (Nicola Stephenson).
2016 – In one of the biggest disasters in Emmerdale, a multi-car pile-up on the Hotten bypass causes for Aaron Dingle, Robert Sugden, Paddy Kirk, Rhona Goskirk, Pierce Harris, James Barton and Ashley Thomas to be involved in a horrible accident and leaving the lives of Aaron, Rhona and James hanging in the balance, with James succumbing to his injuries. The accident was caused by Emma Barton pushing James over a road bridge, hitting Ashley Thomas' car.

text: Audience

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: An average Emmerdale episode generally attracts 6–8 million viewers, making it one of Britain's most popular television programmes. During the 1990s, the series had an average of 10–11 million viewers per episode. On 30 December 1993, Emmerdale had its largest audience (18 million) when a plane crashed into the village. On 27 May 1997, 13 million viewers saw Frank Tate die of a heart attack after the return of wife Kim. On 20 October 1998, 12.5 million viewers saw The Woolpack explode after a fire.

text: The village storm on 1 January 2004 attracted 11.19 million viewers. 18 May 2004 episode in which Jack Sugden was shot by his adopted son, Andy, attracted 8.27 million viewers. On 17 March 2005, 9.39 million watched Shelly Williams fall from the Isle of Arran ferry. Zoe Tate left the show after 16 years on 22 September 2005 before 8.58 million viewers, marking her departure by blowing up Home Farm. On 13 July 2006, the Kings River house collapse was seen by 6.90 million viewers. Cain Dingle left on 21 September 2006, before an audience of 8.57 million viewers. On Christmas Day 2006, 7.69 million saw Tom King murdered on his wedding day. Billy Hopwood crashed his truck into a lake on 1 February 2007, attracting 8.15 million viewers. The end of the "Who Killed Tom King?" storyline on 17 May 2007, had an audience of 8.92 million.

text: On 14 January 2010, 9.96 million saw Mark Wylde shot dead by wife Natasha. Natasha's 27 October confession to daughter Maisie attracted an audience of nearly 8 million. On 13 January 2011, 9.15 million saw a fire kill Viv Hope and Terry Woods. The live 40th-anniversary episode on 17 October 2012, drew an audience of 8.83 million. On 16 October 2013, 8.37 million watched Cameron take the occupants of The Woolpack hostage and shoot Alicia. The next day, 9.28 million viewers saw Cameron Murray die.[13]

text: Awards and nominations

text: Locations

text: Location shooting was originally filmed in the village of Arncliffe in Littondale, a quiet valley in the Yorkshire Dales. The Falcon, the village hotel, served as the fictional Woolpack Inn. When the filming location became public it was moved to the village of Esholt in 1976, where it remained for 22 years.

text: Filming returned to Esholt for a one off episode in 2016 for the Ashley Thomas dementia special which aired December 2016. The location was used to represent Ashley's onset of dementia to the viewer.

text: The original Emmerdale Farm buildings are near the village of Leathley. Creskeld Hall, in Arthington, (Home Farm). The buildings are one of the few original filming locations used for the entire series, and have been involved in many storylines.

text: Construction of a purpose-built set began on the Harewood estate in 1996, and it has been used since 1997. The first scenes filmed on the set (the front of The Woolpack) were broadcast on 17 February 1998. The Harewood set is a replica of Esholt, with minor alterations.

text: The Harewood houses are timber-framed and stone-faced. The village is built on green-belt land, with its buildings classified as "temporary structures" which must be demolished within ten years unless new planning permission is received. There is no plan to demolish the set, and a new planning application has been drawn up. The set includes a church and churchyard, where the characters who have died on the series are buried.

text: Butlers Farm is Brookland Farm, a working farm in the nearby village of Eccup. Farmyard and building exteriors are filmed at Brookland, with interior house shots filmed in the studio.

text: Location filming is also done in the City of Leeds and other West Yorkshire locations; the fictional market town of Hotten is Otley, 10 miles North West of Leeds. Benton Park School in Rawdon and the primary school in Farnley were also used for filming. Interiors are primarily filmed at Yorkshire Television's Emmerdale Production Centre in Leeds, next to Yorkshire's Leeds Studios.[14] As of 28 March 2011, HD-capable studios in the ITV Studios building were used for most of the interior scenes.

text: Four farms have been featured on Emmerdale:

text:
"Original" Emmerdale Farm (1972–1993) – Belonged to the Sugden family for many years, until subsidence forced them to move. Filming location: Lindley House
Hawthorn Cottage (1993–1997) – Matt and Peggy's former home, the second Emmerdale Farm, was sold and converted into a quarry. Filming location: Bank Side Farm
Melby Farm (1997–2002) – A third Emmerdale Farm went bankrupt, and Jack moved into Annie's old cottage (Tenant’s Cottage) in the village. Filming location: Burden Head Farm
Butler’s Farm (2003 to present) – Acquired by Andy Sugden and Katie Addyman in 2003 before the Bartons took over in 2009. Filming location: Brookland Farm

text: Sponsors

text: Emmerdale's first sponsor (from 14 December 1999 to 20 February 2002) was Daz detergent, followed by Heinz Tomato Ketchup and Heinz salad cream from May 2003 to May 2005. Reckitt Benckiser took over until 2009, advertising Calgon, Air Wick, Veet, and Lemsip. Tombola Bingo underwrote the show from November 2009 to March 2012, followed by Bet365 Bingo until March 2014. McCain Foods began a two-year, £8 million sponsorship on 7 April 2014.[15]

text: Longest-appearing actors

text: The 12 actors who have appeared in the series for 20 years or more are listed in the table below. The longest-tenured actor and the longest-serving cast member overall is Chris Chittell who has played Eric Pollard for 31 years. The longest-tenured actresses are Sheila Mercier (Annie Sugden) and Jane Cox (Lisa Dingle) with 22 years.

text:
Longest-appearing Emmerdale actors (as of 2018)

Rank
Actor
Character
Tenure

1
Chris Chittell
Eric Pollard
1986– (32 years)

2
Richard Thorp
Alan Turner
1982–2013 (31 years)

3
Clive Hornby
Jack Sugden
1980–2008 (28 years)

4
Stan Richards
Seth Armstrong
1978–2003, 2004 (25 years)

5
Steve Halliwell
Zak Dingle
1994– (24 years)

6
Jane Cox
Lisa Dingle
1996– (22  years)

7
Sheila Mercier
Annie Sugden
1972–94, 1995, 1996, 2009 (22 years)

8
Mark Charnock
Marlon Dingle
1996– (22 years)

9
James Hooton
Sam Dingle
1995-1998, 2000– (21 years)

10
Dominic Brunt
Paddy Kirk
1997– (21 years)

11
Paula Tilbrook
Betty Eagleton
1994–2015 (21 years)

12
John Middleton
Ashley Thomas
1996–2017 (21 years)

13
Kelvin Fletcher
Andy Sugden
1996–2016 (20 years)

text: Scheduling

text:
Emmerdale was first broadcast two afternoons a week in 1972, and it later moved to a 19:00 slot. The number of episodes has increased, to its current six half-hour episodes each week.
Each episode is filmed two to four weeks before it is broadcast on ITV.

text: Broadcast history

text:
Sunday

Monday

Tuesday

Wednesday

Thursday

Friday

Saturday

Weekly episodes

1972–1988, 1990–1997

2

1988–1990

2

1997–2000

3

2000–2004

5

2004–2008

6

2008–2009

5 (1 hour on Tuesdays)

2009–present

6

text: Overseas

text: Ireland

text: Emmerdale reaches viewers in the Republic of Ireland via UTV Ireland, which broadcasts the series simultaneously with ITV in the UK with a live feed from London. Breaking news on ITV would interrupt the broadcast. Emmerdale was broadcast during the day on RTÉ One from 1972 to 2001 before it moved to TV3. RTÉ were several months behind; for many years, they broadcast the show five days a week (instead of ITV's three days a week) and took a break during the summer. As the series began a five-night week, RTÉ fell behind the ITV broadcasts; the gap between RTÉ One's last episode and TV3's first episode was about three months.[16]

text: Sweden

text: The series has appeared in Sweden as Hem till gården ("Home to the Farm") since the 1970s – originally on TV2 and since 1994 on TV4. Two episodes are broadcast every weekday at 12:00. Emmerdale is the most-watched daytime non-news programme in Sweden, attracting 150,000 to 200,000 viewers daily.[17] Episodes are repeated overnight on TV4 and in prime time on digital channel TV4 Guld.

text: Finland

text: The programme appears in Finland on MTV3 on primetime, every weekday at 18:25 – 18:55, with repeats the following weekday morning at 10:00. Episodes originally aired in the UK in December 2017 were broadcast in Finland in October 2018. Emmerdale attracts an average of 300,000 to 400,000 viewers per episode, being the most watched non-Finnish every-weekday program in Finnish television.[18]

text: New Zealand

text: Emmerdale is broadcast in New Zealand weekdays on ONE, with an hour-long episode Monday to Thursday and a half-hour episode on Friday from 12:30 to 13:00. It is the second-most-watched daytime programme, after the news.[19] Episodes are broadcast a month behind ITV's.

text: Australia

text: Emmerdale was broadcast in Australia for the first time in July 2006, when UKTV began airing the 2006 series with episode 4288.[20][21] As of April 2016, UKTV episodes are from July 2014, twenty one months behind the UK airings.

text: Production

text: Executive Producers

text:
Peter Holmans (1972–1973)
David Cunliffe (1975–1979)
Michael Glynn  (1980–1986)
Keith Richardson (1986–2009)
Steve Frost (2009–2012)
Jane Hudson (2018–present)

text: Series Producers

text:
David Goddard (16 October 1972 – 16 January 1973)
Peter Holmans (22 January 1973 – 17 July 1973)
Robert D. Cardona (23 July 1973 – 18 May 1976)
Michael Glynn (3 January 1977 – 5 July 1979)
Anne W Gibbons (8 January 1980 – 29 September 1983)
Richard Handford (4 October 1983 – 28 August 1986)
Michael Russell (2 September 1986 – 24 March 1988)
Stuart Doughty (30 March 1988 – 31 December 1991)
Morag Bain (2 January 1992 – 14 December 1993)
Nicholas Prosser (16 December 1993 – 29 November 1994)
Mervyn Watson (1 December 1994 – 6 August 1998)
Kieran Roberts (11 August 1998 – 13 April 2001)
Steve Frost (16 April 2001 – 25 February 2005)
Kathleen Beedles (28 February 2005 – 29 February 2008)[22]
Anita Turner (3 March 2008[23][24] – 13 March 2009)[25]
Gavin Blyth (16 March 2009 – 8 April 2011)[26][27]
Stuart Blackburn (11 April 2011 – 4 April 2013)[28]
Kate Oates (4 April 2013 – 16 May 2016)[29]
Iain MacLeod (17 May 2016 − 13 August 2018)[30]
Kate Brooks (14 August 2018 - 2018)
Kate Brooks & Laura Shaw (2018–present)