document_title: Packers–Vikings rivalry

question_text: when was the last time vikings won at lambeau

text: Packers–Vikings rivalry

text: Notable moments and games[edit]

text:
The Packers, under coach Vince Lombardi beat the Vikings in nine out of the first ten match-ups during Minnesota's first five seasons in the NFL (1961-1965). In Green Bay's two Super Bowl seasons under Lombardi (1966–67), the two teams split their semi-annual meetings. In Minnesota's four Super Bowl seasons (1969, 1973, 1974, 1976) they won seven of eight meetings with the Packers. Viking's coach Bud Grant went 22-14-1 against the Packers as Vikings coach.
The bitterness of the rivalry was illustrated in the 2008 preseason when Packers quarterback Brett Favre, in his public feud with Green Bay management over his attempted comeback from retirement, expressed desire to play for the Vikings, a move opposed by the Packers, who filed tampering charges against the Vikings (which were proven to be unfounded) and later traded Favre to the New York Jets with a stipulation that the Packers receive multiple draft picks from the Jets should Favre be traded to an NFC North team, presumably the Vikings. Favre played one season with the Jets before announcing his retirement, then came back out of retirement in August 2009 to sign with the Vikings. Brett Favre would later retire for the last time after the 2010 season.
On December 10, 1972 the Packers traveled to Metropolitan Stadium with a chance to clinch the NFC Central division for the first time since 1967. The Vikings had a chance to move into a first place tie with the Packers and have a shot to win the division in the final game of the season. The Vikings got on the board first and took a 7-0 lead but it was all Packers after that as they put up 23 unanswered points and won the game 23-7. With the win the Packers clinched the division title and ended the Vikings four year streak as division champions.
On September 26, 1993, in a week three division showdown, the Vikings trailed the visiting Packers 13-12 with no timeouts and less than two minutes remaining on the clock. Needing a big play on 4th and 8 from their own 19, Minnesota quarterback, Jim McMahon found Cris Carter for a 19-yard gain to keep the Vikings' drive alive. A couple more completions, mixed with three incomplete passes, set up a third-and-10 from mid-field with 14 seconds left. McMahon rolled right to avoid the rush, when suddenly he spotted rookie wide receiver Eric Guliford who was wide open by 20 yards. McMahon then connected on a 45-yard bomb with 6 seconds left to play before Mike Prior could force Guliford out of bounds. That would set up Fuad Reveiz's fifth field goal of the game, lifting the Minnesota Vikings to a 15-13 victory and a 2-1 record to start the season. It was Guliford's only catch in his two seasons with the Vikings.
On October 5, 1998 Vikings rookie Randy Moss made his Monday Night Football debut at Lambeau Field and had five catches for 190 yards and two touchdowns. Randall Cunningham had two additional touchdown throws (to Jake Reed and Robert Smith) and Gary Anderson connected on three field goals in a 37-24 Vikings win. Favre threw 3 interceptions and was benched for Doug Pederson, who threw fourth-quarter scores to Tyrone Davis and Bill Schroeder.
In a Monday Night Football game on November 6, 2000, the Packers and Vikings were tied at 20 in overtime when Brett Favre threw a long pass that Vikings cornerback Cris Dishman deflected towards Antonio Freeman, who was on the ground. The ball went straight from Dishman to Freeman's shoulder, who then rolled over to make the catch at the 15-yard line, and took it into the endzone for the touchdown and the 26-20 win. This prompted Al Michaels, who was broadcasting the game on ABC, to famously utter, "He did what?"
On December 24, 2004 the Packers traveled to the Metrodome for a Week 16 matchup with the Vikings that would determine the 2004 NFC North Division Champion. Both teams entered the game with an 8-6 record. The Vikings took a 31-24 lead midway through the 4th quarter but the Packers mounted a late comeback by tying the game with 3:34 left in regulation. The Packers then drove down the field and won the game on a 29-yard field goal from Ryan Longwell as time expired. Coincidently, both matchups in the 2004 regular season were won by the Packers 34-31, both coming on last second field goals by Ryan Longwell.
January 9, 2005 represented the first time that the two clubs have faced each other in the playoffs. The Vikings jumped to an early lead and carried by the arm of Daunte Culpepper ultimately won 31-17.[4] Culpepper threw four touchdowns, two of them to Moss for 20 and 34 yards, while Nate Burleson caught a 19-yard score and Moe Williams turned a short gain into a 68-yard touchdown. Brett Favre threw four interceptions for Green Bay's second home playoff loss in three years after winning 13 straight postseason contests at Lambeau Field; he was also flagged for an illegal forward pass when, late in the second quarter, he ran past the line of scrimmage on 3rd and goal at the Vikings 8; he ran to the five-yard line and with Vikings defenders ready to pounce at the goalline he flipped the ball sideways to Javon Walker, who caught it just as the penalty flag was thrown; adding insult to injury the Packers missed the ensuing 28 yard chip shot field goal attempt. In the 4th quarter after his second touchdown, Vikings wide receiver Randy Moss faux mooned Packer fans. In the moment, FOX announcer Joe Buck denounced the end zone celebration as "disgusting" and "classless".
All week long leading up to the Packers and Vikings 2007 Week Four match up at the Metrodome was talk of whether Brett Favre would break the all-time passing touchdown record. He had already tied the record the week before, therefore needing only one touchdown pass to break Dan Marino's all time record of 420. Favre broke the record mid way through the first quarter on a 16 yard touchdown pass to Greg Jennings. The Packers went on to win the game 23-16.[5]
In week 10 of the 2007 season the Packers routed the Vikings in only the second, and largest, shutout of the rivalry. The Packers defense stifled the Vikings while the Packers offense held the ball for over 40 minutes in the game. Brett Favre threw for 351 yards and three touchdowns en route to a 34-0 victory at Lambeau Field. The win pushed the Packers to an 8-1 start to the season.
In 2008, for the first time since 1992 the Packers entered the season with a starting quarterback not named Brett Favre. The last time the Vikings faced a Packers starting quarterback other than Favre was Week One of the 1992 season. Aaron Rodgers made the first start of his NFL career on Monday Night Football and led the Packers to a 24-19 victory. Rodgers had one passing and one rushing touchdown in the game, which was sealed on a late interception by Atari Bigby.[6]
A missed 52-yard field goal try by the Packers' Mason Crosby with 26 seconds remaining sealed a hard-fought 28-27 Vikings win at Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome on November 9, 2008. Gus Frerotte overcame three interceptions (one returned 55 yards by the Packers' Nick Collins for a third-quarter Green Bay touchdown) to throw two touchdowns while Adrian Peterson rushed for 192 yards and the decisive touchdown with 2:22 to go in the fourth. Aaron Rodgers threw for 142 yards but in the second quarter fumbled in the endzone and was flagged for intentional grounding, giving a safety to the Vikings; Jared Allen then sacked Rodgers in the Packers endzone with 52 seconds left in the first half for another Vikings safety.
Monday Night Football earned the highest ratings in cable television history on October 5, 2009 when the Vikings hosted the Packers. The game was the first meeting between the Packers and their former quarterback Brett Favre. With the Vikings wearing throwback uniforms evoking memories of seasons from the 1960s they took over the game when Aaron Rodgers was sacked at the Vikings 33-yard line and fumbled. The Vikings drove downfield as Adrian Peterson rushed six times for 26 yards and Favre threw five times, ending in a one-yard touchdown to Visanthe Shiancoe. Rodgers managed a 62-yard touchdown to Jermichael Finley, and after an exchange of touchdowns (a 14-yard Favre pass to Sidney Rice and a Clay Matthews strip-tackle of Peterson returned 42-yards) Favre raced the Vikings to the Packers redzone; a pass to the endzone was picked off but the play was nullified on pass interference, and one play later Peterson rushed in another score. The Vikings never let the Packers closer as they won 30-23, taking a 4-0 record in the 2009 season's first quarter. In the ensuing rematch at Lambeau Field on November 1 Favre erupted with four touchdowns while the Vikings defense snuffed out a late Packers rally for a 38-26 Vikings win.
The Packers ended Brett Favre's winning streak against them in a 28-24 win at Lambeau Field on Sunday Night Football on October 24, 2010.[7] Three Favre interceptions helped the Packers surge to the 28-24 lead but Favre led a late comeback; an endzone catch by Percy Harvin with 57 seconds remaining was nullified when review showed one foot out of bounds, and the Vikings failed to convert a touchdown in their final attempt. Favre suffered injury to his left ankle that left his season in doubt and coach Brad Childress was livid with the officiating crew led by Scott Green.[16] In the November 21 rematch, the Packers routed the Vikings 31-3 behind four Aaron Rodgers touchdown passes, making Rodgers 2-2 against Favre in his career. The loss dropped the Vikings to 3-7, all but eliminating them from playoff contention. Childress was then fired by the Vikings the next day, and defensive coordinator Leslie Frazier was promoted to replace him. The Packers, on the other hand, went on to win their fourth Super Bowl.

text:
Adrian Peterson came up nine yards short of breaking Eric Dickerson's 1984 rushing record but his late scamper set up the winning field goal in a 37-34 Vikings win on December 30, 2012. The Packers erased a 20-10 halftime gap but could not close out the win while the Vikings advanced to the playoffs as the NFC's sixth seed.
On January 5, 2013 the Packers defeated the Vikings 24-10 in the Wild Card round just six days after falling to the Vikings in Week 17. The two teams split their regular season games with the home team winning each game. The Playoff game had the same result, being at Lambeau, however the Packers were able to hold Adrian Peterson under 100 yards after he had run for 210 and 199 yards respectively in the first two meetings.
The Packers and Vikings played for the division crown in Week 17 of the 2015 season at Lambeau Field.[8] The Vikings won the contest 20-13, winning their first divisional title since 2009 and breaking the Packers' four-year streak of being division champions.
On the first game in U.S. Bank Stadium, week 2 of the 2016-2017 season, the Minnesota Vikings defeated the Green Bay Packers 17-14 en route to a 5-0 start to the season, but would miss the playoffs at 8-8 while Green Bay recovered from a 4-6 start to the season to finish 10-6, winning the NFC North and advancing to the NFC Championship.
On October 15, 2017, Minnesota linebacker Anthony Barr knocked Aaron Rodgers out of the game with a quarterback hit midway through the first quarter. Shortly after, Rodgers was revealed to have broken his collarbone, and it was severe enough that he had surgery on October 19 before being placed on injured reserve the next day. The hit created controversy as some accused Barr of a dirty hit, though Barr himself defended his actions and said he never meant to hurt Rodgers.
On December 23, 2017, the Vikings won 16 to 0; the first time the Vikings shut out the Packers at Lambeau Field.

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Summary of results[edit]

text:
Packers wins
Ties
Vikings wins
Packers points
Vikings points

Regular season
59
2
52
2459
2189

Postseason
1
0
1
41
41

Total
60
2
53
2500
2230

text: There have been 113 regular season games through December 23, 2017. (Two each year except 1982, which was shortened by the player's strike.) There have been 2 playoff games between the teams -- in 2005 and 2013. The rivalry has included 115 games, from its inception in 1961 through the 2017 football season.

text: Game results[edit]

text:
Packers victory

Vikings victory

Tied Game

Post Season Meeting

text: 1960s (Packers 11-7)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Attendance
Location
Series

1961
Sunday, October 22
Green Bay Packers
33-7
Minnesota Vikings
42,007
Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 1–0–0

1961
Sunday, December 29
Green Bay Packers
28-10
Minnesota Vikings
44,412
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Packers lead 2–0–0

1962
Sunday, September 16
Green Bay Packers
34-7
Minnesota Vikings
38,669
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 3–0–0

1962
Sunday, October 14
Green Bay Packers
48-21
Minnesota Vikings
41,475
Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 4–0–0

1963
Sunday, October 13
Green Bay Packers
37-28
Minnesota Vikings
42,567
Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 5–0–0

1963
Sunday, November 11
Green Bay Packers
28-7
Minnesota Vikings
42,327
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 6–0–0

1964
Sunday, October 4
Minnesota Vikings
24-23
Green Bay Packers
42,327
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 6–1–0

1964
Sunday, November 1
Green Bay Packers
42-13
Minnesota Vikings
44,278
Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 7–1–0

1965
Sunday, November 21
Green Bay Packers
38-13
Minnesota Vikings
47,426
Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 8–1–0

1965
Sunday, December 5
Green Bay Packers
24-19
Green Bay Packers
50,852
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 9–1–0

1966
Sunday, November 6
Minnesota Vikings
20-17
Green Bay Packers
50,861
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 9–2–0

1966
Sunday, November 27
Green Bay Packers
28-16
Minnesota Vikings
47,426
Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 10–2–0

1967
Sunday, October 15
Minnesota Vikings
10-7
Green Bay Packers
49,601
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Packers lead 10–3–0

1967
Sunday, December 3
Green Bay Packers
30-27
Minnesota Vikings
47,693
Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 11–3–0

1968
Sunday, September 22
Minnesota Vikings
26-13
Green Bay Packers
49,346
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Packers lead 11–4–0

1968
Sunday, November 10
Minnesota Vikings
14-10
Green Bay Packers
47,644
Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 11–5–0

1969
Sunday, October 5
Minnesota Vikings
19-7
Green Bay Packers
60,740
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 11–6–0

1969
Sunday, November 16
Minnesota Vikings
9-7
Green Bay Packers
48,321
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Packers lead 11–7–0

text: 1970s (Vikings 15-4-1)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Attendance
Location
Series

1970
October 4
Green Bay Packers
13-10
Minnesota Vikings

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Packers lead 12–7–0

1970
November 22
Minnesota Vikings
10-3
Green Bay Packers

Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 12–8–0

1971
October 17
Minnesota Vikings
24-13
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 12–9–0

1971
November 14
Minnesota Vikings
3-0
Green Bay Packers

Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 12–10–0

1972
October 29
Minnesota Vikings
27-13
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 12–11–0

1972
December 10
Green Bay Packers
23-7
Minnesota Vikings

Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 13–11–0

1973
September 30
Minnesota Vikings
11-3
Green Bay Packers

Bloomington, Minnesota
Packers lead 13–12–0

1973
December 8
Minnesota Vikings
31-7
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Tied 13–13–0

1974
September 15
Minnesota Vikings
32-17
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 14–13–0

1974
November 17
Green Bay Packers
19-7
Minnesota Vikings

Bloomington, Minnesota
Tied 14–14–0

1975
November 2
Minnesota Vikings
28-17
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 15–14–0

1975
December 7
Minnesota Vikings
24-3
Green Bay Packers

Bloomington, Minnesota
Vikings lead 16–14–0

1976
November 21
Minnesota Vikings
17-10
Green Bay Packers

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 17–14–0

1976
December 5
Minnesota Vikings
20-9
Green Bay Packers

Bloomington, Minnesota
Vikings lead 18–14–0

1977
October 2
Minnesota Vikings
19-7
Green Bay Packers

Bloomington, Minnesota
Vikings lead 19–14–0

1977
November 27
Minnesota Vikings
13-6
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 20–14–0

1978
October 22
Minnesota Vikings
21-7
Green Bay Packers

Bloomington, Minnesota
Vikings lead 21–14–0

1978
November 26

10-10

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 21–14–1

1979
September 23
Minnesota Vikings
27-21
Green Bay Packers

Bloomington, Minnesota
Vikings lead 22–14–1

1979
November 11
Green Bay Packers
19-7
Minnesota Vikings

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 22–15–1

text: 1980s (Packers 14-5)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Attendance
Location
Series

1980
October 26
Green Bay Packers
16-3
Minnesota Vikings

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 22–16–1

1980
November 23
Green Bay Packers
25-13
Minnesota Vikings

Bloomington, Minnesota
Vikings lead 22–17–1

1981
September 27
Minnesota Vikings
30-13
Green Bay Packers

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 23–17–1

1981
November 29
Green Bay Packers
35-23
Minnesota Vikings

Bloomington, Minnesota
Vikings lead 23–18–1

1982
November 21
Green Bay Packers
26-7
Minnesota Vikings

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 23–19–1

1983
October 23
Minnesota Vikings
20-17
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 24–19–1

1983
November 13
Green Bay Packers
29-21
Minnesota Vikings

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 24–20–1

1984
November 11
Green Bay Packers
45-17
Minnesota Vikings

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 24–21–1

1984
December 16
Green Bay Packers
38-14
Minnesota Vikings

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 24–22–1

1985
October 13
Green Bay Packers
20-17
Minnesota Vikings

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 24–23–1

1985
November 10
Green Bay Packers
27-17
Minnesota Vikings

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Tied 24–24–1

1986
September 28
Minnesota Vikings
42-7
Green Bay Packers

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 25–24–1

1986
December 7
Minnesota Vikings
32-6
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 26–24–1

1987
October 4
Green Bay Packers
23-16
Minnesota Vikings

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 26–25–1

1987
December 13
Green Bay Packers
16-10
Minnesota Vikings

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Tied 26–26–1

1988
October 16
Green Bay Packers
34-14
Minnesota Vikings

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 27–26–1

1988
December 11
Green Bay Packers
18-6
Minnesota Vikings

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 28–26–1

1989
October 15
Minnesota Vikings
26-14
Green Bay Packers

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 28–27–1

1989
November 16
Green Bay Packers
20-19
Minnesota Vikings

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Packers lead 29–27–1

text: 1990s (Vikings 12-8)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Attendance
Location
Series

1990
October 28
Green Bay Packers
24-10
Minnesota Vikings

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Packers lead 30–27–1

1990
December 2
Minnesota Vikings
23-7
Green Bay Packers

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 30–28–1

1991
November 17
Minnesota Vikings
35-21
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 30–29–1

1991
December 21
Green Bay Packers
27-7
Minnesota Vikings

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 31–29–1

1992
September 6
Minnesota Vikings
23-20
Green Bay Packers

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 31–30–1

1992
December 27
Minnesota Vikings
27-7
Green Bay Packers

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Tied 31–31–1

1993
September 26
Minnesota Vikings
15-13
Green Bay Packers

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 32–31–1

1993
December 19
Minnesota Vikings
21-17
Green Bay Packers

Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 33–31–1

1994
September 4
Green Bay Packers
16-10
Minnesota Vikings

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 33–32–1

1994
October 20
Minnesota Vikings
13-10
Green Bay Packers

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 34–32–1

1995
October 22
Green Bay Packers
38-21
Minnesota Vikings

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 34–33–1

1995
November 5
Minnesota Vikings
27-24
Green Bay Packers

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 35–33–1

1996
September 22
Minnesota Vikings
30-21
Green Bay Packers

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 36–33–1

1996
December 22
Green Bay Packers
38-10
Minnesota Vikings

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 36–34–1

1997
September 21
Green Bay Packers
38-32
Minnesota Vikings

Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 36–35–1

1997
December 1
Green Bay Packers
27-11
Minnesota Vikings

Minneapolis, Minnesota
Tied 36–36–1

1998
October 5
Minnesota Vikings
37–24
Green Bay Packers
59,849
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 37–36–1

1998
November 22
Minnesota Vikings
28-14
Green Bay Packers
64,471
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 38–36–1

1999
September 26
Green Bay Packers
23-20
Minnesota Vikings
59,868
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 38–37–1

1999
December 20
Minnesota Vikings
24-20
Green Bay Packers
64,603
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 39–37–1

text: 2000s (Packers 12-9)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Attendance
Location
Series

2000
November 6
Green Bay Packers
26-20
Minnesota Vikings
59,854
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 39–38–1

2000
December 17
Green Bay Packers
33-28
Minnesota Vikings
64,183
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Tied 39–39–1

2001
October 21
Minnesota Vikings
35-13
Green Bay Packers
64,165
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 40–39–1

2001
December 30
Green Bay Packers
24-13
Minnesota Vikings
59,870
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Tied 40–40–1

2002
November 17
Minnesota Vikings
31-21
Green Bay Packers
64,153
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Vikings lead 41–40–1

2002
December 8
Green Bay Packers
26-22
Minnesota Vikings
64,070
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Tied 41–41–1

2003
September 7
Minnesota Vikings
30-25
Green Bay Packers
70,505
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 42–41–1

2003
November 2
Green Bay Packers
30-27
Minnesota Vikings
64,482
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Tied 42–42–1

2004
November 14
Green Bay Packers
34-31
Minnesota Vikings
70,671
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 43–42–1

2004
December 24
Green Bay Packers
34-31
Minnesota Vikings
64,311
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 44–42–1

2005
January 9
Minnesota Vikings
31-17
Green Bay Packers
71,075
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 44–43–1

2005
October 23
Minnesota Vikings
23-20
Green Bay Packers
64,278
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Tied 44–44–1

2005
November 21
Minnesota Vikings
20-17
Green Bay Packers
70,610
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Vikings lead 45–44–1

2006
November 12
Green Bay Packers
23-17
Minnesota Vikings
63,924
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Tied 45–45–1

2006
December 21
Green Bay Packers
9-7
Minnesota Vikings
70,864
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 46–45–1

2007
September 30
Green Bay Packers
23-16
Minnesota Vikings
63,779
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 47–45–1

2007
November 11
Green Bay Packers
34-0
Minnesota Vikings
70,945
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 48–45–1

2008
September 8
Green Bay Packers
24-19
Minnesota Vikings
71,004
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 49–45–1

2008
November 9
Minnesota Vikings
28-27
Green Bay Packers
63,845
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 49–46–1

2009
October 5
Minnesota Vikings
30-23
Green Bay Packers
63,846
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 49–47–1

2009
November 1
Minnesota Vikings
38-26
Green Bay Packers
71,213
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 49–48–1

text: 2010s (Packers 11-5-1)[edit]

text:
Year
Date
Winner
Result
Loser
Attendance
Location
Series

2010
October 24
Green Bay Packers
28-24
Minnesota Vikings
71,107
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 50–48–1

2010
November 21
Green Bay Packers
31-3
Minnesota Vikings
64,120
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 51–48–1

2011
October 23
Green Bay Packers
33-27
Minnesota Vikings
63,946
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 52–48–1

2011
November 14
Green Bay Packers
45-7
Minnesota Vikings
70,519
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 53–48–1

2012
December 2
Green Bay Packers
23-14
Minnesota Vikings
70,567
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 54–48–1

2012
December 30
Minnesota Vikings
37-34
Green Bay Packers
64,134
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 54–49–1

2013
January 5
Green Bay Packers
24-10
Minnesota Vikings
71,548
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 55–49–1

2013
October 27
Green Bay Packers
44-31
Minnesota Vikings
64,134
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 56–49–1

2013
November 24

26-26

77,871
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 56–49–2

2014
October 2
Green Bay Packers
42–10
Minnesota Vikings
78,054
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 57–49–2

2014
November 23
Green Bay Packers
24–21
Minnesota Vikings
52,386
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 58–49–2

2015
November 22
Green Bay Packers
30–13
Minnesota Vikings
52,529
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 59–49–2

2016
January 3
Minnesota Vikings
20-13
Green Bay Packers
78,412
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 59–50–2

2016
September 18
Minnesota Vikings
17-14
Green Bay Packers
66,813
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 59–51–2

2016
December 24
Green Bay Packers[9]
38-25
Minnesota Vikings
78,412
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 60–51–2

2017
October 15
Minnesota Vikings
23-10
Green Bay Packers
66,848
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Packers lead 60–52–2

2017
December 23
Minnesota Vikings
16-0
Green Bay Packers
78,092
Green Bay, Wisconsin
Packers lead 60–53–2


document_title: Cross-country skiing at the 2014 Winter Olympics – Men's 15 kilometre classical

question_text: who won the sprint 15km men’s cross country skiing event in sochi in 2014

question_tokens: who won the sprint 15km men 's cross country skiing event in sochi in 2014

root

text:
Men's 15 kilometre classical
at the XXII Olympic Winter Games

Venue
Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex

Dates
14 February

Competitors
91 from 45 nations

Winning time
38:29.7

Medalists

01 !

Dario Cologna
 Switzerland

02 !

Johan Olsson
 Sweden

03 !

Daniel Richardsson
 Sweden

← 2010
2018 →

tag: table

text:
Cross-country skiing at the
2014 Winter Olympics

Qualification

Distance

Classical
men
women

Skiathlon
men
women

Mass start
men
women

Relay
men
women

Sprint

Individual
men
women

Team
men
women

v
t
e

text: The men's 15 kilometre classical cross-country skiing competition at the 2014 Sochi Olympics took place on 14 February at Laura Biathlon & Ski Complex.[1] Dario Cologna from Switzerland was the defending champion from Vancouver and was successful in defending the title. Johan Olsson and Daniel Richardsson from Sweden took silver and bronze.

tag: p

text: Qualification[edit]

text: An athlete with a maximum of 100 FIS distance points (the A standard) will be allowed to compete in both or one of the event (sprint/distance). An athlete with a maximum 120 FIS sprint points will be allowed to compete in the sprint event and 10 km for women or 15 km for men provided their distance points do not exceed 300 FIS points. NOC's who do not have any athlete meeting the A standard can enter one competitor of each sex (known as the basic quota) in only 10 km classical event for women or 15 km classical event for men. They must have a maximum of 300 FIS distance points at the end of qualifying on January 20, 2014. The qualification period began in July 2012.[2]

text: Results[edit]

text: The race was started at 14:00.[3]

text:
Rank
Bib
Name
Country
Time
Deficit

01 !
35
Dario Cologna
 Switzerland
38:29.7
—

02 !
34
Johan Olsson
 Sweden
38:58.2
+28.5

03 !
43
Daniel Richardsson
 Sweden
39:08.5
+38.8

04 !4
13
Iivo Niskanen
 Finland
39:08.7
+39.0

05 !5
37
Lukáš Bauer
 Czech Republic
39:28.6
+58.9

06 !6
52
Chris Jespersen
 Norway
39:30.6
+1:00.9

07 !7
31
Alexander Bessmertnykh
 Russia
39:37.7
+1:08.0

08 !8
26
Axel Teichmann
 Germany
39:42.4
+1.12.7

09 !9
51
Alexey Poltoranin
 Kazakhstan
39:43.2
+1:13.5

10
48
Marcus Hellner
 Sweden
39:46.9
+1:17.2

11
49
Hannes Dotzler
 Germany
39:49.9
+1:20.2

12
33
Eldar Rønning
 Norway
40:02.8
+1:33.1

13
53
Martin Johnsrud Sundby
 Norway
40:07.4
+1:37.7

14
29
Jens Filbrich
 Germany
40:08.5
+1:38.8

15
28
Lars Nelson
 Sweden
40:08.8
+1.39.1

16
47
Dmitry Japarov
 Russia
40:10.7
+1:41.0

17
40
Sami Jauhojärvi
 Finland
40.14.4
+1:44.7

18
45
Pål Golberg
 Norway
40:14.5
+1.44.8

19
42
Stanislav Volzhentsev
 Russia
40:15.0
+1:45.3

20
41
Matti Heikkinen
 Finland
40:17.8
+1:48.1

21
44
Jean-Marc Gaillard
 France
40:22.8
+1:53.1

22
25
Curdin Perl
 Switzerland
40:27.8
+1:58.1

23
10
Martin Bajčičák
 Slovakia
40:28.0
+1:58.3

24
11
Jonas Baumann
 Switzerland
40.33.2
+2:03.5

25
46
Evgeniy Belov
 Russia
40:36.8
+2:07.1

26
36
Tim Tscharnke
 Germany
40:41.3
+2:11.6

27
60
Philipp Haelg
 Liechtenstein
40:41.5
+2:11.8

28
14
Ville Nousiainen
 Finland
40:52.6
+2:22.9

29
4
Maciej Kreczmer
 Poland
40.58.7
+2:29.0

30
22
Francesco de Fabiani
 Italy
41:00.8
+2:31.1

31
32
Noah Hoffman
 United States
41:02.7
+2:33.0

32
30
Dietmar Nöckler
 Italy
41:11.9
+2:42.2

33
7
Nikolay Chebotko
 Kazakhstan
41.14.1
+2:44.4

34
21
Yevgeniy Velichko
 Kazakhstan
41:16.4
+2:46.7

35
38
Devon Kershaw
 Canada
41:17.1
+2:47.4

36
27
Mattia Pellegrin
 Italy
41:20.1
+2:50.4

37
70
Andrew Young
 Great Britain
41:29.6
+2:59.9

38
12
Erik Bjornsen
 United States
41:44.7
+3:15.0

39
39
Ivan Babikov
 Canada
41:49.2
+3:19.5

40
15
Aivar Rehemaa
 Estonia
41.49.8
+3:20.1

41
20
Veselin Tzinzov
 Bulgaria
42:06.3
+3:36.6

42
6
Algo Kärp
 Estonia
42:16.5
+3.46.8

43
16
Adrien Backscheider
 France
42.21.7
+3:52.0

44
9
Andrew Musgrave
 Great Britain
42.25.7
+3.56.0

45
57
Karel Tammjärv
 Estonia
42:27.7
+3.58.0

46
1
Sergey Mikayelyan
 Armenia
42:39.1
+4:09.4

47
18
Brian Gregg
 United States
42:42.0
+4:12.3

48
2
Fabio Pasini
 Italy
42:42.3
+4.12.6

49
54
Alexander Lasutkin
 Belarus
42:45.1
+4.15.4

50
55
Imanol Rojo
 Spain
42:45.4
+4.15.7

51
64
Peter Mlynár
 Slovakia
42:50.3
+4.20.6

52
23
Kris Freeman
 United States
42:54.8
+4:25.1

53
17
Sergei Dolidovich
 Belarus
42:55.4
+4:25.7

54
58
Yerdos Akhmadiyev
 Kazakhstan
43:02.2
+4:32.5

55
65
Sebastian Gazurek
 Poland
43:06.7
+4:37.0

56
5
Cyril Miranda
 France
43:22.5
+4:52.8

57
3
Max Hauke
 Austria
43:23.4
+4:53.7

58
68
Martin Møller
 Denmark
43:29.7
+5:00.0

59
24
Michail Semenov
 Belarus
43:36.0
+5:06.3

60
62
Edi Dadić
 Croatia
43:38.8
+5:09.1

61
59
Raido Ränkel
 Estonia
43:38.9
+5:09.2

62
8
Paul Constantin Pepene
 Romania
43:39.4
+5:09.7

63
56
Javier Gutiérrez Cuevas
 Spain
43:43.9
+5:14.2

64
69
Pawel Klisz
 Poland
43:51.6
+5:21.9

65
19
Graeme Killick
 Canada
44:04.8
+5:35.1

66
63
Maciej Staręga
 Poland
44:07.1
+5:37.4

67
66
Callum Smith
 Great Britain
44:14.7
+5:45.0

68
78
Hwang Jun-Ho
 South Korea
44:34.8
+6:05.1

69
71
Oleksii Krasovskyi
 Ukraine
44:35.4
+6:05.7

70
72
Vytautas Strolia
 Lithuania
45:08.0
+6:38.3

71
73
Sabahattin Oğlago
 Turkey
45:16.0
+6:46.3

72
81
Sun Qinghai
 China
45:28.2
+6:58.5

73
75
Arvis Liepiņš
 Latvia
45:36.2
+7:06.5

74
85
Sævar Birgisson
 Iceland
45:44.2
+7:14.5

75
67
Callum Watson
 Australia
45:46.5
+7:16.8

76
74
Phillip Bellingham
 Australia
46:16.4
+7:46.7

77
61
Milanko Petrović
 Serbia
46:42.2
+8:12.5

78
80
Milán Szabó
 Hungary
47:01.3
+8:31.6

79
83
Sattar Seid
 Iran
47:16.1
+8:46.4

80
86
Bold Byambadorj
 Mongolia
48:29.6
+9:59.9

81
79
Darko Damjanovski
 Macedonia
48:34.9
+10:05.2

82
87
Jan Rossiter
 Ireland
48:44.6
+10:14.9

83
84
Federico Cichero
 Argentina
49:11.3
+10:41.6

84
88
Tucker Murphy
 Bermuda
49:19.9
+10:50.2

85
89
Nadeem Iqbal
 India
55:12.5
+16:42.8

86
91
Dachhiri Sherpa
 Nepal
55:39.3
+17:09.6

87
92
Roberto Carcelen
 Peru
1:06:28.9
+27:59.2

88
50
Alex Harvey
 Canada
DNF

88
82
Jānis Paipals
 Latvia
DNF

88
77
Rejhan Šmrković
 Serbia
DNF

88
90
Gary di Silvestri
 Dominica
DNF

89
76
Artur Yeghoyan
 Armenia
DNS


document_title: Abdominal external oblique muscle

question_text: where is the external oblique located in the body

text: Abdominal external oblique muscle

text: Structure[edit]

text: The external oblique is situated on the lateral and anterior parts of the abdomen.  It is broad, thin, and irregularly quadrilateral, its muscular portion occupying the side, its aponeurosis the anterior wall of the abdomen. In most humans (especially females), the oblique is not visible, due to subcutaneous fat deposits and the small size of the muscle.

text: It arises from eight fleshy digitations, each from the external surfaces and inferior borders of the fifth to twelfth ribs (lower eight ribs). These digitations are arranged in an oblique line which runs inferiorly and anteriorly, with the upper digitations being attached close to the cartilages of the corresponding ribs, the lowest to the apex of the cartilage of the last rib, the intermediate ones to the ribs at some distance from their cartilages.

text: The five superior serrations increase in size from above downward, and are received between corresponding processes of the serratus anterior muscle; the three lower ones diminish in size from above downward and receive between them corresponding processes from the latissimus dorsi. From these attachments the fleshy fibers proceed in various directions. Its posterior fibers from the ribs to the iliac crest form a free posterior border.

text: Those from the lowest ribs pass nearly vertically downward, and are inserted into the anterior half of the outer lip of the iliac crest; the middle and upper fibers, directed downward (inferiorly) and forward (anteriorly), become aponeurotic at approximately the midclavicular line and forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath. This aponeurosis formed from fibres from either side of the external oblique decussates at the linea alba.

text: The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle forms the inguinal ligament.  The muscle also contributes to the inguinal canal.

text: Just deep to the external oblique is the internal oblique muscle. These muscles are in the deepest layer of the abdominal wall.

text: Nerve supply[edit]

text: The external oblique muscle is supplied by ventral branches of the lower six thoracoabdominal nerves and the subcostal nerve on each side.

text: Blood supply[edit]

text: The cranial portion of the muscle is supplied by the lower intercostal arteries, whereas the caudal portion is supplied by a branches of either the deep circumflex iliac artery or the iliolumbar artery.

text: Function[edit]

text: The external oblique functions to pull the chest downwards and compress the abdominal cavity, which increases the intra-abdominal pressure as in a valsalva maneuver.  It also performs ipsilateral (same side) side-bending and contralateral (opposite side) rotation. So the right external oblique would side bend to the right and rotate to the left. The internal oblique muscle functions similarly except it rotates ipsilaterally.

text: Society and culture[edit]

text: Oblique strain[edit]

text: The oblique strain is a common baseball injury, particularly in pitchers. In both batters and pitchers it can affect the contralateral (leading) side external oblique, or the trailing internal oblique.[1]

text: Training[edit]

text:
Crunch (exercise)
Side plank
Sit-up (exercise)

tag: ul

text: Additional images[edit]

text:
Posterior view of muscles connecting the upper extremity to the vertebral column. Posterior part of abdominal external oblique muscle labeled.

The subcutaneous inguinal ring.

Transverse section through the middle of the first lumbar vertebra, showing the relations of the pancreas.

The left side of the thorax.

Surface anatomy of the front of the thorax and abdomen.

Lumbar triangle

External abdominal oblique muscle. Anterior abdominal wall. Deep dissection. Anterior view.


document_title: Nobel Peace Prize

question_text: organisation to have won nobel peace prize three times

text: Nobel Peace Prize

text: Background[edit]

text: According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who in the preceding year "shall have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses".[5]

text: Alfred Nobel's will further specified that the prize be awarded by a committee of five people chosen by the Norwegian Parliament.

text: Nobel died in 1896 and he did not leave an explanation for choosing peace as a prize category. As he was a trained chemical engineer, the categories for chemistry and physics were obvious choices. The reasoning behind the peace prize is less clear. According to the Norwegian Nobel Committee, his friendship with Bertha von Suttner, a peace activist and later recipient of the prize, profoundly influenced his decision to include peace as a category.[6] Some Nobel scholars suggest it was Nobel's way to compensate for developing destructive forces. His inventions included dynamite and ballistite, both of which were used violently during his lifetime. Ballistite was used in war[7] and the Irish Republican Brotherhood, an Irish nationalist organization, carried out dynamite attacks in the 1880s.[8] Nobel was also instrumental in turning Bofors from an iron and steel producer into an armaments company.

text: It is unclear why Nobel wished the Peace Prize to be administered in Norway, which was ruled in union with Sweden at the time of Nobel's death. The Norwegian Nobel Committee speculates that Nobel may have considered Norway better suited to awarding the prize, as it did not have the same militaristic traditions as Sweden.  It also notes that at the end of the 19th century, the Norwegian parliament had become closely involved in the Inter-Parliamentary Union's efforts to resolve conflicts through mediation and arbitration.[6]

text: Nomination and selection[edit]

text: The Norwegian Parliament appoints the Norwegian Nobel Committee, which selects the Nobel Peace Prize laureate.

text: Nomination[edit]

text: Each year, the Norwegian Nobel Committee specifically invites qualified people to submit nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[9] The statutes of the Nobel Foundation specify categories of individuals who are eligible to make nominations for the Nobel Peace Prize.[10] These nominators are:

text:
Members of national assemblies and governments and members of the Inter-Parliamentary Union
Members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and the International Court of Justice at the Hague
Members of Institut de Droit International
University professors of history, social sciences, philosophy, law, and theology, university presidents, and directors of peace research and international affairs institutes
Former recipients, including board members of organizations that have previously received the prize
Present and past members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee
Former permanent advisers to the Norwegian Nobel Institute

text: Nominations must usually be submitted to the Committee by the beginning of February in the award year.  Nominations by committee members can be submitted up to the date of the first Committee meeting after this deadline.[10]

text: In 2009, a record 205 nominations were received,[11] but the record was broken again in 2010 with 237 nominations; in 2011, the record was broken once again with 241 nominations.[12] The statutes of the Nobel Foundation do not allow information about nominations, considerations, or investigations relating to awarding the prize to be made public for at least 50 years after a prize has been awarded.[13] Over time, many individuals have become known as "Nobel Peace Prize Nominees", but this designation has no official standing, and means only that one of the thousands of eligible nominators suggested the person's name for consideration.[14] Indeed, in 1939, Adolf Hitler received a satirical nomination from a member of the Swedish parliament, mocking the (serious but unsuccessful) nomination of Neville Chamberlain.[15] Nominations from 1901 to 1956, however, have been released in a database.[16]

text: Selection[edit]

text: Nominations are considered by the Nobel Committee at a meeting where a short list of candidates for further review is created.  This short list is then considered by permanent advisers to the Nobel institute, which consists of the Institute's Director and the Research Director and a small number of Norwegian academics with expertise in subject areas relating to the prize.  Advisers usually have some months to complete reports, which are then considered by the Committee to select the laureate.  The Committee seeks to achieve a unanimous decision, but this is not always possible. The Nobel Committee typically comes to a conclusion in mid-September, but occasionally the final decision has not been made until the last meeting before the official announcement at the beginning of October.[17]

text: Awarding the prize[edit]

text: The Chairman of the Norwegian Nobel Committee presents the Nobel Peace Prize in the presence of the King of Norway on 10 December each year (the anniversary of Nobel's death). The Peace Prize is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm. The Nobel laureate receives a diploma, a medal, and a document confirming the prize amount.[18] As of  2013[update], the prize was worth 10 million SEK (about US$1.5 million). Since 1990, the Nobel Peace Prize Ceremony is held at Oslo City Hall.

text: From 1947 to 1989, the Nobel Peace Prize ceremony was held in the Atrium of the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, a few hundred metres from Oslo City Hall. Between 1905 and 1946, the ceremony took place at the Norwegian Nobel Institute. From 1901 to 1904, the ceremony took place in the Storting (Parliament).[19]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: It has been expressed that the Peace Prize has been awarded in politically motivated ways for more recent or immediate achievements,[20] or with the intention of encouraging future achievements.[20][21] Some commentators have suggested that to award a peace prize on the basis of unquantifiable contemporary opinion is unjust or possibly erroneous, especially as many of the judges cannot themselves be said to be impartial observers.[22]

text: In 2011, a feature story in the Norwegian newspaper Aftenposten contended that major criticisms of the award were that the Norwegian Nobel Committee ought to recruit members from professional and international backgrounds, rather than retired members of parliament; that there is too little openness about the criteria that the committee uses when they choose a recipient of the prize; and that the adherence to Nobel's will should be more strict. In the article, Norwegian historian Øivind Stenersen argues that Norway has been able to use the prize as an instrument for nation building and furthering Norway's foreign policy and economic interests.[23]

text: In another 2011 Aftenposten opinion article, the grandson of one of Nobel's two brothers, Michael Nobel, also criticised what he believed to be the politicisation of the award, claiming that the Nobel Committee has not always acted in accordance with Nobel's will.[24] Norwegian lawyer Fredrik S. Heffermehl has criticized the management of the Peace Prize.[25]

text: Criticism of individual conferments[edit]

text: The awards given to Mikhail Gorbachev,[26] Yitzhak Rabin, Shimon Peres, Menachem Begin and Yasser Arafat,[27][28] Lê Đức Thọ, Henry Kissinger,[29] Jimmy Carter,[30] Al Gore,[31] the IPCC,[32] Liu Xiaobo,[33][34][35] Aung San Suu Kyi[36][37][38] Barack Obama,[39][40][41][42] and the European Union[43] have all been the subject of controversy.

text: The awards given to Lê Đức Thọ and Henry Kissinger prompted two dissenting Committee members to resign.[44] Thọ refused to accept the prize, on the grounds that such "bourgeois sentimentalities" were not for him[45] and that peace had not actually been achieved in Vietnam. Kissinger donated his prize money to charity, did not attend the award ceremony and would later offer to return his prize medal after the fall of South Vietnam to North Vietnamese forces 18 months later.[45]

text: Notable omissions[edit]

text:
Foreign Policy has listed Mahatma Gandhi, Eleanor Roosevelt, U Thant, Václav Havel, Ken Saro-Wiwa, Fazle Hasan Abed and Corazon Aquino as people who "never won the prize, but should have".[46][47] Many believe that the prize should have gone to Pope John Paul II,[48] Hélder Câmara,[49], Zilda Arns[50] and
Dorothy Day.[51]
Both Eleanor Roosevelt and Dorothy Day were recipients of the Gandhi Peace Award.

text: The omission of Mahatma Gandhi has been particularly widely discussed, including in public statements by various members of the Nobel Committee.[52][53] The Committee has confirmed that Gandhi was nominated in 1937, 1938, 1939, 1947, and, finally, a few days before his assassination in January 1948.[54] The omission has been publicly regretted by later members of the Nobel Committee.[52] Geir Lundestad, Secretary of Norwegian Nobel Committee in 2006 said, "The greatest omission in our 106-year history is undoubtedly that Mahatma Gandhi never received the Nobel Peace prize. Gandhi could do without the Nobel Peace prize, whether Nobel committee can do without Gandhi is the question".[55] In 1948, following Gandhi's death, the Nobel Committee declined to award a prize on the ground that "there was no suitable living candidate" that year. Later, when the Dalai Lama was awarded the Peace Prize in 1989, the chairman of the committee said that this was "in part a tribute to the memory of Mahatma Gandhi".[56]

text: List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates[edit]

text: As of  2016[update], the Peace Prize has been awarded to 104 individuals and 23 organizations. Sixteen women have won the Nobel Peace Prize, more than any other Nobel Prize.[57] Only two recipients have won multiple Prizes: the International Committee of the Red Cross has won three times (1917, 1944, and 1963) and the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees has won twice (1954 and 1981).[58] Lê Đức Thọ is the only person who refused to accept the Nobel Peace Prize.[59]


document_title: Ages of consent in North America

question_text: statutory rape in ontario canada age of consent

question_tokens: statutory rape in ontario canada age of consent

text: Ages of consent in North America

text: Overview

text: The age of consent is the age at or above which a person is considered to have the legal capacity to consent to sexual activity. Both partners must be of legal age to give consent, although exceptions to the age of consent law exist in some jurisdictions when the minor and his or her partner are within a certain number of years in age or when a minor is married to his/her partner. Persons below the age of consent may not, by law, give consent, and sexual relations involving such persons may be punished by criminal sanctions similar to those for rape or sexual assault. Non-violent sexual contact with persons under the age of consent may be punished with varying degrees of severity, ranging from a misdemeanor with a simple fine, to a felony with a punishment equivalent to rape.

text: Different ages may apply if one partner is in a position of power or authority over the other, such as a teacher, manager, coach, parent or stepparent. For example, in Indiana the age of consent is 16 but it is illegal for a person over 18 to have sex with anyone under 18 if they work at their school, are their parent or a stepparent, or are a person recruiting them to join the military.

text: Historically, the age of consent applied to male-female relationships; same-sex relationships were often illegal regardless of the ages of participants. Modern laws vary, and there may be multiple ages that apply in any jurisdiction. For instance, different ages may apply if the relationship is between partners of the same sex, or if the sexual contact is not strictly vaginal intercourse.

text: Antigua and Barbuda

text: In Antigua and Barbuda, the age of consent is 16. The Sexual Offences Act of 1995 raised the age of consent from 14 to 16 years of age.[1][2]

text: Sexual Intercourse with female between fourteen and sixteen

text: 6. (1) Where a male person has sexual intercourse with a female person who is not his wife with her consent and who has attained the age of fourteen years but has not yet attained the age of sixteen years, he is guilty of an offence, and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for ten years.

text: (2) A male person is not guilty of an offence under subsection (1) –

text: (a) if he honestly believed that the female person was sixteen years of age or more; or

text: (b) if the male person is not more than three years older than the female person and the court is of the opinion that the evidence discloses that as between the male person and the female person, the male person is not wholly or substantially to blame.

text: Sexual intercourse with male under sixteen

text: 7. (1) Where a female adult has sexual intercourse with a male person who is not her husband and who is under the age of sixteen years, she is guilty of an offence, whether or not the male person consented to the intercourse, and is liable on conviction to imprisonment for seven years.

text: A female adult is not guilty of an offence under subsection (1) –

text: (a) if she honestly believed that the male person was sixteen years of age or more; or

text: (b) if the female adult is not more than three years older than the male person and the court is of the opinion that evidence discloses that as between the female adult and the male person, the female adult is not wholly or substantially to blame.

text: Anguilla (United Kingdom)

text: The age of consent in Anguilla is 16. It is determined in Part 14 of the Criminal Code - SEXUAL OFFENCES -Sexual Offences Against Minors - by Article 143. "Sexual intercourse with person between 14 and 16 years of age".[3]

text: Aruba

text: The age of consent in Aruba is 15, as specified in Article 251 of the Criminal Code of Aruba (which Aruba adapted after its secession from the Netherlands Antilles) which reads:

text: Article 251: "A person who, out of wedlock, with a person who has reached the age of twelve but has not reached fifteen, performs indecent acts comprising or including sexual penetration of the body is liable to a term of imprisonment of not more than eight years or a fine of at most 100 000 florin".[4]

text: Bahamas

text: In The Bahamas, the age of consent for opposite-sex activity is 16 and the age of consent for same-sex activity is 18. Homosexuality was legalized in 1991, but "public homosexuality" is an offense that carries a 20-year jail term without parole.[5]

text: 11. (1) Any person who has unlawful sexual intercourse with any person being of or above fourteen years of age and under sixteen years of age, whether with or without the consent of the person with whom he had unlawful sexual intercourse, is guilty of an offence and liable to imprisonment for life subject to, on a first conviction for the offence, a term of imprisonment of seven years and, in the case of a second or subsequent conviction for the offence, a term of imprisonment of fourteen years.[6]

text: Barbados

text: In Barbados the age of consent is 16.

text: Section 5, part I "Sexual intercourse with person between 14 and 16" of the Sexual Offences Act 1992

text: (1) Where a person has sexual intercourse with another with the other's consent and that other person has attained the age of 14 but has not yet attained the age of 16 that person is guilty of an offence and is liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term of 10 years.[7]

text: Belize

text: In Belize, the age of consent is 16, regardless of sexual orientation or gender.[8][9]

text: The legislation reads:

text: Criminal Code [CAP. 101][8][9]

text: Section 47.1

text: "Every person who, with or without consent, has sexual intercourse with a person who is under the age of fourteen years commits the offence of unlawful sexual intercourse and is liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term that is not less than twelve years but may extend to imprisonment for life."

text: Section 47.2

text: "Every person who has unlawful sexual intercourse with a person who is above the age of fourteen years but under the age of sixteen years, commits an offence and is liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for a term that is not less than five years but no more than ten years."

text: Bermuda and British Virgin Islands (United Kingdom)

text: Age of sexual consent is 16, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender.[10]

text: Canada

text: The Tackling Violent Crime Act took effect on 1 May 2008, raising the age of consent from 14 to 16.[11]

text: There exist two close-in-age exemptions, depending on the age of the younger partner. A youth of twelve or thirteen can consent to sexual activity with an individual less than two years older than they. A fourteen- or fifteen-year-old can consent to sexual activity with a partner who is less than five years older than they.[12]

text: Criminal law (including the definition of the age of consent) is in the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government, so the age of consent is uniform throughout Canada. Section 151 of the Criminal Code of Canada makes it a crime to touch, for a sexual purpose, any person under the age of 16 years. Section 153 then goes on to prohibit the sexual touching of a person under 18 by a person in three circumstances: if he or she is in a "position of trust or authority" towards the youth, if the youth is in a "relationship of dependency" with him or her, or if the relationship is "exploitative". The term "position of trust or authority" is not defined in the Code but the courts have ruled that parents, teachers, and medical professionals hold a position of trust or authority towards youth they care for or teach. Section 153 (1.2) of the Code provides that a judge can infer whether or not a relationship is "exploitative" by considering its nature and circumstances including how old the youth is, the difference in ages between the partners, how the relationship evolved, and the degree of control or influence that the older partner has over the youth.

text: The "position of trust under 18" anti-exploitation rules were expanded in 2005 by Bill C-2 where a judge may choose to term a situation to be sexual exploitation based on the nature and circumstances of the relationship including the age of the younger party, age difference, evolution of the relationship (how it developed, e.g. quickly and secretly over the Internet), the control or influence over the young person (degree of control or influence the other person had over the young person). This passed before the 2008 amendments, and they were not repealed so they are still in effect and can apply towards adults in these situations with young persons over the age of consent and under 18 (16-17).

text: Where an accused is charged with an offence under s. 151 (Sexual Interference), s. 152 (Invitation to sexual touching), s. 153(1) (Sexual exploitation), s. 160(3) (Bestiality in presence of or by child), or s. 173(2) (Indecent acts), or is charged with an offence under s. 271 (Sexual assault), s. 272 (Sexual assault with a weapon, threats to a third party, or causing bodily harm), or s. 273 (Aggravated sexual assault) in respect of a complainant under the age of sixteen years, it is not a defense that the complainant consented to the activity that forms the subject-matter of the charge.

text: Anal intercourse in Canada

text: Section 159 of the Criminal Code criminalizes anal intercourse, but provides exceptions for a husband and wife, and any two persons 18 years of age or older. These exceptions do not apply if a third person is present, or if the anal intercourse takes place anywhere but in private.[13] However, courts in Ontario,[14] Quebec,[15] and Alberta[16] have independently declared s. 159 to be unconstitutional as violations of the equality provision of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

text: History of the Canadian age of consent

text: During the 19th century, the age of consent for heterosexual vaginal sex was 12; in 1890, the Parliament raised the age of consent to 14.[17] The punishment for anyone who had sexual intercourse with someone younger than 14 was life imprisonment and whipping, while the punishment for anyone who attempted to seduce an underage girl was two years' imprisonment and whipping.[18] Canada had also laws against "seducing" minor girls who were over the age of consent. In 1886, a law was enacted that made the "seduction" of a girl over 12 and under 16 "of previously chaste character" a criminal offence; the "seduction" of a female under 18 "under promise of marriage" was also made illegal in 1886, and amended in 1887 to apply to females under 21.[19] After the raising of the age of consent to 14, the laws against "seducing" minor girls were amended to apply to those older than 14, and various laws of this kind have remained in force through the 20th century.[19] The age of consent was raised from 14 to 16 in the spring of 2008, when the Tackling Violent Crime Act became effective. The new measures still allow for close-in-age exceptions between 12 and 16: if there is no more than a two-year gap for those 12 and 13, or a five-year gap for those 14 and 15. Anal sex remains illegal with exceptions for those over 18, if they comply with the restrictions set out under section 159.

text: Female homosexuality was never illegal in the former British colonies; oral sex was legalized in 1969 with the same age of consent as vaginal sex. Also introduced in 1969 were the exceptions regarding criminal anal sex (effectively legalizing it), but with a higher age barrier set at 21, under section 159; in 1988, the age barrier for these exceptions was lowered to 18. As of 2008 there are no plans to repeal section 159, even though it has been ruled unconstitutional in some Canadian provinces.

text: Cayman Islands (United Kingdom)

text: The age of consent in Cayman Islands is 16.[20]

text: Defilement of girls under sixteen years of age, etc.

text: 134. (1) Whoever unlawfully and carnally -

text: (a) knows any girl under the age of twelve years is guilty of an offence and liable to imprisonment for twenty years; or

text: (b) knows any girl between the ages of twelve and sixteen years is guilty of an offence and liable to imprisonment for twelve years.

text: Indecent assaults on females

text: 132. (1) It is an offence for a person to make an indecent assault on a woman.

text: (2) A girl under the age of sixteen cannot in law give any consent which would prevent an act being an assault for the purposes of this section.

text: Caribbean Netherlands

text: The age of consent in the Caribbean Netherlands (Bonaire, Saba and Sint Eustatius) is 16, as specified by the Criminal Code BES, Articles 251, which reads:

text: Art 251: "A person who, out of wedlock, with a person who has reached the age of twelve but has not reached sixteen, performs indecent acts comprising or including sexual penetration of the body is liable to a term of imprisonment of not more than sixteen years". Before prosecution, the public attorney will, if possible, allow the minor to indicate if prosecution is deemed desirable.[21]

text: Clipperton Island (France)

text: Clipperton Island is an uninhabited nine-square-kilometre (approx. 3.5-square-mile) coral atoll in the eastern Pacific Ocean, a state private property under the direct authority of the French government, administered by the Minister of Overseas France. The laws of France where applicable apply.[22] See Age of consent Europe#France.

text: Costa Rica

text: In Costa Rica under the Penal Code of 2004, the age of consent is 18, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender Artículo 159.- Será sancionado con pena de prisión de dos a seis años, quien aprovechándose de la edad, se haga acceder o tenga acceso carnal con una persona de uno u otro sexo, mayor de trece años y menor de quince años, por la vía oral, anal o vaginal, con su consentimiento. Igual pena se impondrá si la acción consiste en la introducción de uno o varios dedos, objetos o animales por la vía vaginal o anal.

text: Translation: Article 159. Anyone who, taking advantage of age, attempts to obtain or obtains carnal access, by oral, anal or vaginal penetration, to a person of either sex who is over 13 and under 15 years of age, with his or her consent, shall be punished with two to six years' imprisonment. A similar penalty shall be imposed if the act involves the introduction of one or more fingers, objects or animals into the vagina or anus.

text: Cuba

text: The age of consent in Cuba is 16.[23]

text: Curaçao (Netherlands)

text: The age of consent in Curaçao is 15, as specified by the Criminal Code of the Netherlands Antilles (which Curaçao didn't change after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles), Articles 251, which reads:

text: Art 251: "A person who, out of wedlock, with a person who has reached the age of twelve but has not reached fifteen, performs indecent acts comprising or including sexual penetration of the body is liable to a term of imprisonment of not more than sixteen years".[24]

text: For children 12-14 prosecution only takes place upon a "complaint" by the minor, his parents, teacher, or the guardianship board.

text: Dominica

text: In Dominica the age of consent is 16.

text: "Defilement of girls between fourteen (14) and sixteen (16) years of age", Article 4 of the Sexual Offences Act

text: " (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), any person who - a) unlawfully and carnally knows, or attempts to have unlawful carnal knowledge of any girl of or above the age of fourteen (14) years and under the age of sixteen (16) years (...) - is liable to imprisonment for seven years.[25]

text: Dominican Republic

text: The age of consent in the Dominican Republic is 18.[26]

text: El Salvador

text: In El Salvador, the age of consent appears to be 18 (although the laws are not clear cut in regard to sexual acts with persons aged between 15 and 18).

text: CHILDREN YOUNGER THAN 15:

text: VIOLACIÓN EN MENOR O INCAPAZ

text: Art. 159.- El que tuviere acceso carnal por vía vaginal o anal con menor de quince años de edad o con otra persona aprovechándose de su enajenación mental, de su estado de inconsciencia o de su incapacidad de resistir, será sancionado con prisión de catorce a veinte años.[27][28]

text: Approximate translation: "Anyone who has vaginal or anal sexual intercourse with a minor younger than fifteen years of age or of another person by taking advantage of their insanity, their state of unconsciousness or inability to resist, shall be punished with imprisonment of fourteen to twenty years."

text: CHILDREN AGED BETWEEN 15 AND 18:

text: Several laws apply to sex with persons aged between 15 and 18.

text: Article 169 makes it illegal to "promote, facilitate, manage, finance, instigate or organize in any way the use of persons under eighteen years of age in sexual or erotic acts individually or organized, publicly or privately".

text: Art. 169.- El que promoviere, facilitare, administrare, financiare, instigare u organizare de cualquier forma la utilización de personas menores de dieciocho años en actos sexuales o eróticos, de manera individual u organizada, de forma pública o privada, será sancionado con pena de tres a ocho años de prisión.

text: En igual responsabilidad incurrirá quien con conocimiento de causa autorizare el uso o arrendare el inmueble para realizar cualquiera de las actividades descritas en el inciso anterior.[27]

text: Approximate translation: Article 169 .- Any person who promotes, facilitates, manages, finances, instigates or organizes in any way the use of persons under eighteen years of age in sexual or erotic acts, individually or organized, publicly or privately, shall be punished with penalty of three to eight years in prison.

text: Similarly, anyone who knowingly authorizes the use or rents a property to perform any of the activities described in the preceding paragraph, incurs criminal liability.

text: Article 167 makes it illegal to "promote or facilitate the corruption of a person under eighteen (...) through various sexual acts of carnal knowledge, even if the victim consents to participate in them".

text: CORRUPCIÓN DE MENORES E INCAPACES

text: Art. 167.- El que promoviere o facilitare la corrupción de una persona menor de dieciocho años de edad o de un deficiente mental, mediante actos sexuales diversos del acceso carnal, aunque la víctima consintiere participar en ellos, será sancionado con prisión de seis a doce años.[27]

text: Approximate translation: Article 167 .- Any person who promotes or facilitates the corruption of a person under eighteen years of age or a mentally handicapped through various sexual acts of carnal knowledge, even if the victim consents to participate in them, shall be punished with imprisonment of six to twelve years.

text: Article 171 deals with "obscene exhibition", and also appears to set the age of consent at 18.

text: EXHIBICIONES OBSCENAS

text: Art. 171.- El que ejecutare o hiciere ejecutar an otros actos lúbricos o de exhibición obscena, o indecorosa, en lugar público o expuesto al público o bien ante menores de dieciocho años de edad o deficientes mentales, será sancionado con prisión de dos a cuatro años.[27]

text: Approximate translation: Art. 171. Anyone who performs or makes others perform acts of lewd or lascivious exhibition, or indecency in a public place or a place open to the public or to minors under eighteen years of age or mentally handicapped, shall be punished with imprisonment from two to four years.

text: Articles 163 and 154 of the Penal Code (Código Penal) deal with estupro and make it illegal to use deception (engaño) or to take advantage of one's superiority (superioridad) that arises from a relationship in order to gain sexual access to teenagers aged between 15 and 18.

text: ESTUPRO

text: Art. 163.- El que tuviere acceso carnal por vía vaginal o anal mediante engaño, con persona mayor de quince años y menor de dieciocho años de edad, será sancionado con prisión de cuatro a diez años.[27]

text: Approximate translation: Art. 163. "Anyone who has vaginal or anal intercourse, by using deception, with a person over fifteen and under eighteen years of age, shall be punished with imprisonment of four to ten years".

text: ESTUPRO POR PREVALIMIENTO

text: Art. 164.- El que tuviere acceso carnal por vía vaginal o anal con persona mayor de quince y menor dieciocho años de edad, prevaliéndose de la superioridad originada por cualquier relación, será sancionado con prisión de seis a doce años.[27]

text: Approximate translation: Art. 164. "Anyone who has vaginal or anal intercourse with a person over fifteen and under eighteen years of age, relying on the superiority arising from any relationship, shall be punished with imprisonment from six to twelve years."

text: Greenland (Denmark)

text: The laws of Denmark, where applicable, apply.[29] See Ages of consent in Europe#Denmark.

text: Grenada

text: The age of consent in Grenada is 16. Penalties are 30 years' imprisonment if the victim is less than 14, and 15 years' imprisonment if the victim is 14 to 16 years of age.[30]

text: Guadeloupe (France)

text: Guatemala

text: In Guatemala, the age of consent is 18, regardless of sexual orientation and/or gender. The Law against Sexual Violence, Exploitation, and Trafficking in Persons was passed in February 2009, and provides sentences ranging from 13 to 24 years in prison, depending on the young persons age, for sex with a minor.[31]

text: Haiti

text: The age of consent in Haiti is 18.[32]

text: Honduras

text: Honduras, the age of consent is considered to be 14.[33]

text: Article 142. The stupor of a person older than fourteen (14) and under eighteen (18) years taking advantage of trust, hierarchy or authority, is punishable by six (6) to eight (8) years of imprisonment. When rape is committed by deception is punishable by five (5) to seven (7) years of imprisonment.

text: Article 143. The sexual intercourse with parents or children, brothers, or relationship between adopter and adopted, with stepparent, when the victim is over eighteen (18) years constitutes the crime of incest, will be punished with four (4) to six (6) years of imprisonment and shall proceed under complaint by the injured party or his legal representative. When the victim is older than fourteen (14) and under eighteen (18) years, the penalty shall be increased in a medium (1/2).

text: Article 144. Whoever for sexual character and by force, intimidation or deceit abducts or retains a person shall be punished by imprisonment of four (4) to six (6) years. When the victim of this crime is a person under eighteen (18) years of age, it is punishable with the penalty prescribed in the preceding paragraph increased by half (1/2).

text: Jamaica

text: In Jamaica the age of consent is 16.

text: "Above twelve (12) and under sixteen (16)", Article 50, Offences Against the Person

text: " Whosoever shall unlawfully and carnally know and abuse any girl being above the age of twelve (12) years and under the age of sixteen (16) years shall be guilty of a misdemeanour, and being convicted thereof, shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding seven years;[34]

text: Martinique (France)

text: Mexico

text: Legislative framework

text: In Mexico, criminal legislation is shared between the federal and state governments. The federal law establishes the age of 12 as the minimum age of consent, while the age at which there are no restrictions for consensual sexual activities is 18 (sex with someone 12-18 is not illegal per se, but can still be open to prosecution under certain circumstances). Local state laws may override the federal law. In practice, the decision as to whether or not to prosecute is left to state authorities regardless of the younger person's age. At state level, the minimum ages of consent vary between 12 (and puberty in a few states) and 15, while the age at which there are no restrictions for consensual sexual activities vary from 16 to 18 (most common 18).

text: "Estupro"

text: Estupro is a crime existing across Mexico, as well as in other Latin American jurisdictions. Although the definitions vary by state, it is usually defined as sexual conduct with a child who has reached the minimum age of consent but is under 18 (16 or 17 in some states) when the consent of the child is obtained by seduction and/or deceit. For instance the law of Aguascalientes reads: "El estupro consiste en realizar cópula con persona mayor de doce y menor de dieciséis años de edad, obteniendo su consentimiento por medio de seducción o engaño." (translation: Estupro consists in copulating with a person over twelve and under sixteen years old, obtaining his/her consent through seduction or deceit). Traditionally, estupro applied only to acts committed with a girl, and required "chastity" or "honesty" of the girl. The vast majority of Mexican states have modernized their laws by removing the requirement of "chastity" or "honesty" and by making the laws gender neutral. However, traditional laws still exist in some states: for instance, the law of Baja California reads: Al que realice cópula con mujer de catorce años de edad y menor de dieciocho, casta y honesta, obteniendo su consentimiento por medio de la seducción o el engaño (translation: "Whoever copulates with a chaste and honest female over fourteen and under eighteen years old, obtaining her consent through seduction or deceit"). Some states have removed the requirement of "chastity" or "honesty", but continue to define estupro as applicable only to girls. For instance, in Campeche the law states: Al que tenga cópula con mujer mayor de doce años pero menor de dieciocho, obteniendo su consentimiento por medio de la seducción o el engaño (translation: "Whoever copulates with a female over twelve and under eighteen years old, obtaining her consent through seduction or deceit"). The exact type of coercion that must be used varies by state, for example the Federal Law only makes reference to "deceit", omitting "seduction" (it reads: Al que tenga cópula con persona mayor de doce años y menor de dieciocho, obteniendo su consentimiento por medio de engaño, translation: "Whoever copulates with a person over twelve and under eighteen years old, obtaining his/her consent through deceit").[35][36]

text: Federal Law

text: Article 261 of the Federal Criminal Code (PDF) states that: "Whoever, without the purpose of reaching copulation, performs a sexual act in a person under 12 or in a person that has no capacity of understanding the meaning of the act or that for any reason cannot resist, or demands that the act is performed, will be punished with a term of 2 to 5 years in prison". If the offender uses moral or physical violence, an extra half term is added to the initial time.

text: Article 266 refers to the previous article 265, which covers the rape of adults in general and establishes a term of 8 to 14 years in prison for sex obtained through physical or moral violence. Article 266 then states that: "It is equivalent to rape and will be punished with the same penalty: (1st Clause) – who without violence performs a copulation with a person under 12". The 3rd Clause of this article punishes with the same penalties also "the vaginal or anal introduction of objects, without violence and with lascivious goals", in a person under 12 or in a person that has no capacity of understanding the meaning of the fact, or for any reason cannot resist. If any of the aforementioned acts is performed with physical or moral violence, the sentence is raised in up to a half.

text: A further article, 266 Bis, determines an extra penalty of up to a half under certain circumstances – (a) when there are multiple offenders; (b) when the offense is committed by a parent, legal guardian, stepfather or "companion" (amasio) of the mother; (c) when there is an abuse of authority of someone as a civil servant; (d) when the crime is committed by a person who has the minor under his or her custody, guard or education, or yet through the abuse of trust.

text: There is another crime in Article 262 for consented sex with adolescents aged 12 to 18, when consent is obtained through deceit. The penalty is 3 months to 4 years in prison. This crime, however, is prosecuted only through a complaint of the minor or his/her parents or legal guardians, as determined in Article 263.

text: Artículo 262 del Código Penal: " Al que tenga cópula con persona mayor de doce años y menor de dieciocho, obteniendo su consentimiento por medio de engaño, se le aplicará de tres meses a cuatro años de prisión."[37]

text: Translation: Article 262: "Whoever copulates with a person over twelve and under eighteen years old, obtaining his/her consent through deceit"

text: Article 201 prohibits the "corruption" of a minor under 16.[37]

text: Further reading:

text:
(PDF) Official version - Mexican Chamber of Deputies website. (in Spanish)
Copy in HTML/PDF, browsable by section (in Spanish)
Interpol website (in Spanish))

text: Local laws

text:
State
Minimum age of consent
(sex with persons under this age is always illegal)
Age at which there are no restrictions
(sex with persons below this age is not illegal per se, but it is still open to prosecution)
"Violación
equiparada"
"Estupro"

Aguascalientes
12
16
125
122

Baja California
14
18
177
182

Baja California Sur
12
18
286
290

Campeche
12
18
234[permanent dead link]
230[permanent dead link]

Chiapas
12
18
157 bis
155

Chihuahua
14
18
172[permanent dead link]
177[permanent dead link]

Coahuila
12
16
386
394

Colima
14
18
209
211

Distrito Federal
12
18
181 bis
180

Durango
14
18
394
388

Guanajuato
12
16
181
185

Guerrero
12
18
140
145

Hidalgo
12
18
180
185

Jalisco
12
18
176
142-I

México
15
18
273
271

Michoacán
12
16
240
243

Morelos
12
18
154
159

Nayarit
Puberty
18
260
258

Nuevo León
14
18
266
262

Oaxaca
12
18
247
243

Puebla
12
18
272[permanent dead link]
266[permanent dead link]

Querétaro
12
18
161
167

Quintana Roo
12
18
127
130

San Luis Potosí
12
16
152
149

Sinaloa
12
18
180
184

Sonora
12
18
219
215

Tabasco
12
17
150
153

Tamaulipas
12
18
275
270

Tlaxcala
14
18
221[permanent dead link]
291

Veracruz
14
16
182
185

Yucatán
13
16
315
311

Zacatecas
13
18
237
234

text: All Mexican states (as well as Mexico City) have corruption of minors statutes that can, upon complaint of the family (or minor), be used to punish sexual relations with persons under eighteen. It should be noted that while actual prosecutions for violations of Corruption of Minors statutes (and age of consent statutes in general) tend to be sporadic, regional, and very situation dependent, many Mexican states nonetheless classify Corruption of Minors as a "Delito Grave" (Grave Crime) in their penal codes.

text: Additionally, all the states have "Estupro" laws that can, upon complaint of the family (or minor), be used to prosecute adults who engage in sexual intercourse with minors by seduction or deceit (the exact definitions of this crime vary by state, see section estupro, above).

text: In some Mexican jurisdictions prosecutors have chosen to prosecute consensual sexual activity involving adults and underage minors only upon complaint by the minor, or a custodial complaint.

text: Federal District

text: The age of consent in the Federal District (Mexico City) is 12, one of the lowest in the world, and the overall criminal legislation of Mexico's capital is close to that of the federal law regarding this subject, although tougher in some aspects – higher penalties and broader definitions.

text: According to the Estatuto del Gobierno del Distrito Federal (PDF)(in Spanish) (Government Statute of the Federal District), Article 42, Clause XII, the District's Legislative Assembly has powers to legislate in criminal law.

text: Article 175 of the Federal District Criminal Code refers to the previous Article 174, which stipulates a term of 6 to 17 years of prison for the rape of adults, while defining copulation as "the introduction of the penis in the human body through the vagina, anus or mouth". Article 175 (violación) then states that: "It is equivalent to rape and will be punished with the same penalty:" (first clause) – "who performs a copulation with a person under 12 years of age or with a person that has no capacity of understanding the meaning of the act or that for any reason cannot resist"; the second clause defines whosoever "introduces in the vagina or anus any element, instrument or any part of the human body different from the penis" as having committed the same crime, in relation to these same persons.

text: Article 177 covers "sexual abuse" and punishes other acts referred as "unintentional" acts –"who without purpose of reaching copulation, performs a sexual act with a person under 12 or a person that has no capacity of understanding the meaning of the act or that for any reason cannot resist it, or that demands that such act is observed or performed, will be punished with 2 to 7 years in prison".

text: In both Articles (175 and 177), there is an extra half term in case of physical or moral violence. And according to Article 178, there is also a punishment of an extra two thirds of the term under the same circumstances foreseen in Article 266 Bis of the Federal Law (see above), added by two new circumstances – (clause V) when the victim is inside a private vehicle or a public service vehicle; and (clause VI) when the crime is committed in a desert or isolated place.

text: There is a crime called estupro stipulated in Article 180, which refers to consented sex with adolescents aged 12 to 18, when consent is obtained through any means of deceit. The penalty is 6 months to 4 years of prison. This crime needs a complaint (querella) to be prosecuted.

text: There is a Corruption of Minors statute (Article 184) that can be used to punish by imprisonment, for seven to twelve years, adults who engage in sexual relations with persons under eighteen. This situation exists all over Mexico, and can be prosecuted upon complaint of victim or the victim's family.

text: Montserrat (United Kingdom)

text: The age of consent in Montserrat is 16.[38]

text: Unlawful sexual intercourse with girl under age of sixteen

text: 121.(1) Subject to the provisions of the section, a man who has unlawful sexual intercourse with a girl above the age of thirteen and under the age of sixteen shall be guilty of an offence and liable to imprisonment for two years.

text: (2) It is immaterial in the case of a charge for an offence under this section that the intercourse was had with the consent of the girl concerned.

text: Indecent assault on a woman

text: 122.(1) Subject to the provisions of this section, any man who makes an indecent assault on a woman shall be guilty of an offence and liable— (...)

text: (2) A girl under the age of sixteen years cannot in law give consent which would prevent an act being an assault for the purposes of this section.

text: Nicaragua

text: In Nicaragua, the age of consent is 18, although, in regard to young people 16-17, the law (Article 175) is not clear cut.

text: Article 170. Statutory rape[39]

text: Anyone who is married or in a stable de facto union or who is of age and who, without violence or intimidation, has or allows carnal access with a person aged between 14 and 16 shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period of two to four years.

text: Article 175. Sexual exploitation, pornography and paid sexual acts with adolescents

text: Anyone who induces, provides, promotes or uses persons aged under 16 or a disabled person for sexual or erotic purposes, forcing them to witness or participate in an act or show in public or in private, even if the victim consents to witness or participate in such an act, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period of five to seven years, or four to six years if the victim is aged between 16 and 18.

text: Article 168. Rape of children under the age of 14

text: Anyone who has or allows carnal access with a person aged under 14 or who, for sexual purposes, inserts or forces the victim to insert a finger, object or instrument, by way of the vagina, anus or mouth, with or without consent, shall be sentenced to imprisonment for a period of 12 to 15 years.

text: Article 172. Sexual abuse

text: Anyone who engages in lewd acts with or improper touching of another person, without their consent, (...)

text: In no circumstances shall the victim be considered to have given consent if the victim is under the age of 14 or has a mental disability or illness.

text: Panama

text: In Panama, the age of consent is in general 18, although sexual conduct with children aged 14 to 18 is not always illegal.[40]

text: Artículo 176. Quien, valiéndose de una condición de ventaja, logre acceso sexual con persona mayor de catorce años y menor de dieciocho, aunque medie consentimiento, será sancionado con prisión de dos a cuatro años

text: Translation: Article 176. Whoever, using a condition of advantage, achieves sexual intercourse with a person over fourteen and under eighteen, even with consent, shall be punished with imprisonment from two to four years

text: This does not apply if the age difference is less than 5-years and the partners are in a stable couple relationship.

text: No se aplicarán las sanciones señaladas en este artículo cuando entre la víctima y el agente exista una relación de pareja permanente debidamente comprobada y siempre que la diferencia de edad no supere los cinco años.

text: Translation: The sanctions provided in this article do not apply if there is a couple relationship duly established between the victim and the agent, and the age difference does not exceed five years.

text: Puerto Rico (United States)

text: The age of consent in Puerto Rico is 16. There is a 4-year close-in-age exception subject to a minimum age of 14.[41]

text: Article 130.- Sexual Assault.- Any person who performs sexual penetration, whether an orogenital act or vaginal or anal sex penetration, whether genital, digital, or instrumental ... shall be punished...when the victim has not attained the age of sixteen (16) years, except when the victim is over fourteen (14) years old and the age difference between the victim and the accused is four (4) years or less.

text: Article 133.- Lewd Acts.- Any person who, without the intention to consummate the crime of sexual assault described in Article 130, subjects another person to an act that tends to awaken, excite or satisfy the sexual passion or desire of the accused ... shall be punished ... when the victim has not attained the age of sixteen (16) years at the time of the act.

text: Saint Kitts and Nevis

text: The age of consent in Saint Kitts and Nevis is 16.[42]

text: Saint Lucia

text: The age of consent in Saint Lucia is 16.[43]

text: Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

text: The age of consent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is 15.[44] The penalty for statutory rape of a girl over 13 but under 15 is five years' imprisonment; under 13 it is life imprisonment.[45]

text: Sint Maarten (Netherlands)

text: The age of consent in Sint Maarten is 15, as specified by the Criminal Code of the Netherlands Antilles (which Sint Maarten did not change after the dissolution of the Netherlands Antilles), Articles 251, which reads:

text: Art 251: 1. "A person who, out of wedlock, with a person who has reached the age of twelve but has not reached fifteen, performs indecent acts comprising or including sexual penetration of the body is liable to a term of imprisonment of not more than sixteen years".[24]

text: Prosecution for the violation of the above article only takes place upon a "complaint" by the minor, his parents, teacher, or the guardianship board (Art 251, 2. 3. 4.)[46]

text: Trinidad and Tobago

text: The age of consent in Trinidad and Tobago is 18, as per the Children Act, 2012.[47] It was raised from 16 to 18 in 2015.[48]

text: The Children Act, 2012 defines a "child" as "a person under the age of eighteen years".

text: 18. Subject to section 20, a person who sexually penetrates a child commits an offence and is liable on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for life.

text: 19. (1) Subject to section 20, where a person touches a child and– (a) the touching is sexual; and (b) the child is under sixteen years of age, the person commits an offence.

text: (2) A person who commits an offence under subsection (1) is liable– (a) on summary conviction, to a fine of fifty thousand dollars and to imprisonment for ten years; or (b) on conviction on indictment, to imprisonment for twenty years. (3) Where a person commits an offence under subsection (1), and the touching involves the placing of any body part or of an object onto the penis or bodily orifice of a child, that person is liable on conviction on indictment to imprisonment for life.

text: Three close-in-age exemptions exist, as per section 20:

text: 20. (1) A person sixteen years of age or over but under twenty-one years of age is not liable under section 18 if– (a) he is less than three years older than the child against whom he is purported to have perpetrated the offence; (b) he is not in a familial relationship with the child nor in a position of trust in relation to the child; (c) he is not of the same sex as the child; and (d) the circumstances do not reveal any element of exploitation, coercion, threat, deception, grooming or manipulation in the relationship.

text: (2) A person fourteen years of age or over but under sixteen years of age is not liable under section 18 or 19 if– (a) he is less than two years older than the child against whom he is purported to have perpetrated the offence; (b) he is not in a familial relationship with the child nor in a position of trust in relation to the child; (c) he is not of the same sex as the child; and (d) the circumstances do not reveal any element of exploitation, coercion, threat, deception, grooming or manipulation in the relationship.

text: (3) A person twelve years of age or over but under fourteen years of age is not liable under section 18 or 19 if– (a) he is less than two years older than the child against whom he is purported to have perpetrated the offence; (b) he is not in a familial relationship with the child nor in a position of trust in relation to the child; (c) he is not of the same sex as the child; and (d) the circumstances do not reveal any element of exploitation, coercion, threat, deception, grooming or manipulation in the relationship.

text: United States

text: The United States is a federation of states where the age of consent laws are made at the state, territorial, and federal district levels. There exist several federal statutes related to protecting minors from sexual predators, but none of them imposes an age limit on sexual acts. On 26 June 2003, both heterosexual and homosexual sodomy became legal in all U.S. states, territories, and the federal district under the U.S. Supreme Court decision Lawrence v. Texas[49] (between non-commercial, consenting adults in a private bedroom). In State v. Limon (2005), the Kansas Supreme Court used Lawrence as a precedent to overturn the state's "Romeo and Juliet" law, which proscribed lesser penalties for heterosexuals than homosexuals convicted of similar age of consent related offenses.[50]

text: Each U.S. state (and the District of Columbia) has its own age of consent. Currently state laws set the age of consent at 16, 17, or 18. The most common age is 16.[51]

text: United States Virgin Islands (United States)

text: Paraphrasing Virgin Islands Code: V.I.C. § 1700-1709 Virgin Islands Code and appeals records Francis vs. VI NOTE: "mistake of fact as to the victim's age is not a defense". The age of consent is 18. There is however a close-in-age exemption that allows minors 16 and 17 years old to consent with someone no more than five years older than themselves and minors 13 to 15 years old to consent with one another, but not with anyone 16 or over.

text: Article § 1700. Aggravated rape in the first degree bans sexual intercourse or sodomy with a child under 13. Sexual acts with minors are aggravated by the use of force, intimidation, or the perpetrator's position of authority, and by the fact that the minor, being under 16 and not the perpetrator's spouse, is residing in the same household as the perpetrator.(see Article § 1700, Article § 1702, Article § 1708).

text: Other relevant articles of the criminal code are:

text: § 1702. Rape in the second degree

text: (a) Any person over 18 years of age who perpetrates under circumstances not amounting to rape in the first degree, an act of sexual intercourse or sodomy with a person not the perpetrator's spouse who is at least 16 years but less than 18 years of age, and the perpetrator is 5 years or older than the victim, is guilty of rape in the second degree and shall be imprisoned not more than 10 years.

text: § 1703. Rape in the third degree

text: Any person under 18 years of age but over 16 years of age who perpetrates an act of sexual intercourse or sodomy with a person not the perpetrator's spouse who is under 16 years of age but over 13 years of age, under circumstances not amounting to rape in the first degree, is guilty of rape in the third degree and shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the Family Division of the Superior Court

text: "Sexual contact", that is, non-penetrative sex, defined as "the intentional touching of a person's intimate parts, whether directly or through clothing, to arouse or to gratify the sexual desires of any person" is not permitted with children under 16, but a close-in-age exemption allows those aged at least 13 to engage in such acts with partners under 18.

text: § 1708. Unlawful sexual contact in the first degree

text: A person who engages in sexual contact with a person not the perpetrator's spouse— (..)(2) when the other person is under thirteen years of age;

text: § 1709. Unlawful sexual contact in the second degree

text: A person over eighteen years of age who engages in sexual contact with a person not the perpetrator's spouse who is over thirteen but under sixteen years of age is guilty of unlawful sexual contact in the second degree and shall be imprisoned not more than 1 year


document_title: A Fair to Remember (Modern Family)

question_text: modern family singer i want to know what love is

text: A Fair to Remember (Modern Family)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The whole family, except for Haley (Sarah Hyland), heads to the school fair where everyone gets something to do. Gloria (Sofía Vergara) signed Jay (Ed O'Neill) up to be a fair cop; Manny (Rico Rodriguez) participates in the cake-baking competition; Alex (Ariel Winter) and Luke (Nolan Gould) fight for the same girl; Cam (Eric Stonestreet) worries about his work as a football coach; and Phil (Ty Burrell) and Claire (Julie Bowen) celebrate their 20th wedding anniversary.

text: Phil and Claire celebrate their 20th wedding anniversary and they both want to surprise each other with their gifts. Claire, who has a tradition of making the worst gifts, this time has prepared a surprise for Phil at home and she tries to make him go back home. Phil, however, does not want to leave the fair, as he arranged with the band who plays at the fair to sing a song for her. Phil manages to keep Claire at the fair till the time that he would get on stage and sing for her, but his surprise is ruined when their pharmacist, Harold Grossman (Rick Cowling), gets on stage right before Phil is supposed to get and sings amazingly. Phil feels frustrated to learn that Claire has loved Harold's singing and does not want to sing anymore, so he goes back home with Claire who surprises him with Chinese acrobats. Phil loves Claire's gift, and Claire manages for the first time to give him a gift which is actually good.

text: Manny participates in the cake-baking competition, something that Jay does not like since the only participants are old ladies and he believes that Manny does not fit there. Gloria, to get rid of Jay, signs him up to be a fair cop. Gloria, realizing later that Jay was right about Manny not fitting to the competition, decides to destroy Manny's cake so he will not be able to participate. When Manny sees the destroyed cake, he believes that one of the other contestants did it to exclude him from the competition.

text: Meanwhile, Cam worries about his new job as a football coach since his team has not won a game till now. When one of his students' fathers threatens that he will pull his kid from the team if they do not start winning, Cam freaks out and he tries to intimidate his students to be better players. He finally finds what his team needs to win in Manny.

text: Jay, as a fair cop, has to be partnered with some other guy named Derrick (Jordan Peele). The problem is that Derrick is the guy who he fought with few minutes earlier about a parking space. The two of them seem to get along though and they enjoy their duties as fair cops.

text: Luke has a crush on a girl, Sienna (Madison McLaughlin), and he asks for Alex's help on how to approach her without telling her who the girl is. Alex agrees to help him but Sienna is also the girl who Alex wants to make her best friend. When Claire tells her that Sienna is the girl Luke has crush on, Alex tries to keep him away from her. Their fight in front of Sienna just scares her away.

text: In the meantime, Haley stayed back home to enjoy Jay and Gloria's pool thinking that no one is home, but Andy (Adam DeVine) the nanny is home, baby-sitting Joe. They run into each other and Andy tells her that she can not use the pool since Jay and Gloria are not there. Haley does not care of what Andy says, and when she is lying next to the pool, Andy tries to collect proof that she was there.

text: Cultural references[edit]

text:
The episode title references the film An Affair to Remember.
Harold Grossman sings Foreigner's "I Want to Know What Love Is".
Claire gave Phil a plate of Planet of the Apes for their anniversary.
Jay tells Manny that all bakers are girls, giving the examples of Betty Crocker, Mrs. Fields and Little Debbie.
Cam says casting Russell Crowe in Les Misérables was a bad decision.
R2-D2 is mentioned by Phil.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: In its original American broadcast, "A Fair to Remember" was watched by 10.75 million; up 0.43 from the previous episode.[1]

text: Reviews[edit]

text: "A Fair to Remember" received mixed reviews.

text: Leigh Raines of TV Fanatic rated the episode with 5/5 stating that she "always loves an episode that brings the whole family together".[2]

text: Madina Papadopoulos of Paste Magazine rated the episode with 8/10 saying that the episode "had a very classic theatrical structure" and the writing "was brilliantly executed".[3]

text: Britt Hayes from Screen Crush said that the episode was "all over the place and definitely could have benefited from trimming some of the plots down. This show falters when they try to cram too many stories into one episode, and always seems to shine when they have either a couple of solid A-plots and a B-plot, or a few plots that unify into one plot later on."[4]

text: Phil Dyess-Nugent from The A.V. Club gave a C+ rate to the episode.[5]