document_title: The Good Fight

question_text: who plays luca's mother in the good fight

question_tokens: who plays luca 's mother in the good fight

text: The Good Fight

text: Premise[edit]

text: A year after the finale of The Good Wife, an enormous financial scam destroys the reputation of young lawyer Maia and wipes out the savings of her mentor, Diane Lockhart. The two are forced out of Lockhart, Deckler, Gussman, Lee, Lyman, Gilbert-Lurie, Kagan, Tannebaum, & Associates and join Diane's former employee Lucca Quinn at Reddick, Boseman, & Kolstad, a prestigious African American–owned firm making waves by taking on Illinois police brutality cases. In season two, Diane becomes a name partner at the firm, which takes the name Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart.

text: The show primarily deals with the storylines of its three female leads – Diane, Lucca, and Maia – and contains considerable political and social commentary, exploring topical issues such as the alt-right, the Me Too movement, online harassment, and fake news. As well as starting again in a new firm with its own office politics to deal with, longtime Democrat Diane must navigate a world she hardly recognizes, becoming increasingly troubled by Trump-era politics and the actions of his administration. Lucca Quinn, a former employee of Diane's, has found firm footing at Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart and is a rising star on the partner track, balancing her dedication to her work and a romantic entanglement with US Attorney Colin Morello, a frequent opposing counsel. Meanwhile Maia, Diane's goddaughter, is trying to get her legal career off to a good start, while coming under pressure from the FBI over alleged involvement with her father's Ponzi scheme.

text: Like The Good Wife, the show makes use of an extensive cast of supporting characters, including a recurring stable of opposing counsel, clients, police officers, FBI agents, judges, and politicians. Many are played by well-known guest stars.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Christine Baranski as Diane Lockhart, who loses her savings after an enormous financial scam and joins Reddick, Boseman & Kolstad one of Chicago's pre-eminent law firms.[6] In season two, Diane becomes a name partner in the renamed Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart.
Rose Leslie as Maia Rindell, Diane's goddaughter, who joins Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart as an associate just after passing the bar exam. She is Amy's girlfriend.[7]
Erica Tazel as Barbara Kolstad (season 1; guest star season 2), a name partner at Reddick, Boseman & Kolstad who leaves the firm at the beginning of the second season.[8]
Cush Jumbo as Lucca Quinn, an associate who works with Diane and Maia at Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart.[9]
Delroy Lindo as Adrian Boseman, an attorney who offers Diane a job at his law firm following her financial troubles,[10] and a name partner at Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart.
Sarah Steele as Marissa Gold, Diane Lockhart's assistant, who finds she has a knack for investigating.[11]
Justin Bartha as Colin Morrello, a successful lawyer in the US Attorney's office and a rival and potential love interest of Lucca.[12]
Nyambi Nyambi as Jay DiPersia (season 2; recurring season 1), an investigator for Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart.[13]
Michael Boatman as Julius Cain (season 2; recurring season 1), a managing partner for Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart, and Diane's former partner at Lockhart/Gardner.[14]
Audra McDonald as Liz Lawrence (née Reddick) (season 2), a former U.S. Attorney and the ex-wife of name partner Adrian Boseman, who comes to the firm as name partner following her father's death.[15]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Paul Guilfoyle as Henry Rindell, Maia's father, who is a wildly successful financial advisor, phenomenally wealthy and universally loved. He, Lenore, and Maia are the unofficial First Family of Chicago.[16] He is arrested for running a giant Ponzi scheme with Diane as one of his victims.
Bernadette Peters as Lenore Rindell, Maia's mother who comes from a tough working-class background and is a natively brilliant financial whiz. She, Henry, and Maia are the unofficial First Family of Chicago.[16]
Gary Cole as Kurt McVeigh, Diane Lockhart's estranged husband.[17]
Zach Grenier as David Lee,[18] a name partner at Diane Lockhart's former law firm.
Jerry Adler as Howard Lyman,[18] a geriatric partner at Diane Lockhart's former firm, and now judge, who shows chauvinistic and stereotyping tendencies.[19]
Carrie Preston as Elsbeth Tascioni, a quirky yet smart lawyer.[20]
Heléne Yorke as Amy Breslin, an assistant state attorney and Maia's girlfriend.[21]
Chalia La Tour as Yesha Mancini, an attorney who represented Maia in her legal issues stemming from her father's arrest.[22]
Matthew Perry as Mike Kresteva, a lawyer who, after losing the 2012 Illinois gubernatorial election to Peter Florrick, now works for the US Department of Justice, in charge of an investigation encompassing Diane Lockhart and senior staff at Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart.[23]
Christine Lahti as Andrea Stevens, a high-powered lawyer from Los Angeles who often appears opposite Reddick, Boseman in cases involving film and television
John Benjamin Hickey as Neil Gross, owner of Internet firm Chumhum
Andrea Martin as Francesca Lovatelli, Colin Morello's mother and a controlling influence in his bid to join Congress
Margo Martindale as Ruth Eastman, consultant for the Democratic National Committee
Tim Matheson as Tully, a left-wing protester who has a sexual relationship with Diane
Alan Alda as Solomon Waltzer, a renowned lawyer at a national firm who uses dishonest tactics to achieve his aims
Rob McClure as Judge Trig Mullaney, an unintelligent recent Trump appointee to the judiciary with very little understanding of the law

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Greta Lee as Amber Wood-Lutz, a young lawyer at a rival firm whose beaming smile obscures her sneaky tactics in court
Denis O'Hare as Judge Abernathy, a judge whose strong liberal and socialist leanings leads him to overcompensate in favor of conservative litigants
Bebe Neuwirth as Judge Claudia Friend, a no-nonsense judge with a pragmatic approach
Jane Lynch as Madeline Starkey, a relentless FBI agent with a quirky personal style who believes Maia to be complicit in her father's scheming
Dylan Baker as Colin Sweeney, a client of the firm and a likely serial killer who has gotten away with many of his crimes
Becky Ann Baker as Alma Hoff, a principled lawyer at a rival firm
Mamie Gummer as Nancy Crozier, a tough rival trial attorney who charms judges with her sweet-as-pie trial routine
Christian Borle as Carter Schmidt, a challenging rival attorney
Kurt Fuller as Judge Dunaway, a stern but fair judge who had little time for Diane's partners at her old firm
Louis Gossett Jr. as Carl Reddick, a name partner at Reddick, Boseman who has semi-retired. He dies before season two.
Jayne Houdyshell as Renee, a friend of Diane's at a rival firm who cuts ties with Diane after the Rindell scandal
Megan Hilty as Holly Westfall, a ballistics expert and Kurt's former protégée with whom he had an affair while married to Diane
Nikki M. James as Monica Timmons, a young African American lawyer who sued Diane's old firm for racial bias in hiring
Jason Biggs as Dylan Stack, a wealthy tech entrepreneur involved in the creation of Bitcoin, wanted by US officials
Kevin Pollak as Judge Kyle Gallo
Rob Reiner as Judge Josh Brickner
F. Murray Abraham as Burl Preston, a condescending LA lawyer who mainly represents film studios and the rich and famous
Mike Colter as Lemond Bishop, Chicago's top drug lord and a kingpin of crime, who retains Diane as his lawyer after he is released from prison
Wallace Shawn as Charles Lester, Lemond Bishop's terrifying personal lawyer and fixer who is known for making witnesses disappear
Judith Light as Deidre Quinn, Lucca's mother
Matt Walsh as Judge Oliver Walenstadt

text: Episodes[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired110February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)April 16, 2017 (2017-04-16)213March 4, 2018 (2018-03-04)May 27, 2018 (2018-05-27)

text: Season 1 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date11"Inauguration"Brooke KennedyPhil Alden Robinson and Robert King & Michelle KingFebruary 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)
This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Diane Lockhart, motivated by the inauguration of Donald Trump, plans for her retirement. Her goddaughter, Maia Rindell, secures an associate position at Diane's firm, having passed the bar examination. Maia accompanies Diane in the latter's final case regarding police brutality, where they meet head-to-head with Adrian Boseman, a name partner of an African-American-owned firm, and Lucca Quinn, Diane's former employee. While the case is still proceeding, Maia's father, Henry Rindell, is arrested for orchestrating an elaborate Ponzi scheme, and due to this, Diane, who is among his investors, finds herself broke and unable to follow through with her retirement, and is also unable to secure or re-secure her job at any firm, with her having already signed an exit agreement with her old firm, and the fact that she invited her colleagues and clients to invest in Henry's fund. To prevent her assets, and consequently, her husband Kurt McVeigh's, from being seized as evidence, she is advised to divorce him, given their separation after the discovery of his affair, but he refuses to file for divorce, still hoping for a reconciliation. Hearing Diane's trouble, Adrian offers her a junior partner position at his firm, which she accepts, and when Maia is fired, in part due to her father's financial scandal, Diane brings her along.
22"First Week"Allan ArkushRyan Pedersen & Joey ScavuzzoFebruary 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)
This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (December 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Maia Rindell arrives at her new firm trying to ignore multiple anonymous calls and texts from angry clients of her father, who swear revenge for the money he stole from them. She meets Julius Cain, a managing partner, and Lucca Quinn, a third year associate. Cain brings all the lower level associates to a local union headquarters to offer free legal advice as part of their retainer with the union. While there, Maia ends up taking the case of Frank Gwynn, a man who is unfairly having his wages garnished due to charges of theft from his place of work. Meanwhile, Diane is visited by Maia's mother, Lenore, who asks Diane to meet with her husband, Henry. Lenore claims that they are innocent of the charges, laying the blame on their business partner, Jax, Henry's brother.During arbitration, Maia loses the case, but Lucca steps in to accuse the company of false imprisonment, as they had detained Frank for seven hours to question him about the theft. When the firm decides that the case is too small to invest resources in, Lucca proposes that they open a class action lawsuit against multiple companies who have garnished wages after accusing their employees of theft. Meanwhile, Diane moves into her new office, assisted by Marissa Gold, who has been demoted at Diane's old firm. Marissa decides to help with the class action in hopes of being hired as Diane's new assistant. She tracks down multiple employees who have had their wages garnished and adds them to the suit. Grateful, Diane accepts Marissa as her new assistant. Diane meets with Henry in jail, who claims that Jax framed him to escape prosecution. Diane promises to look into the matter, and as they part ways, Henry mentions that Lenore has terminal breast cancer. At Frank's trial, the prosecution uncovers evidence that Frank had been involved in an earlier theft at a previous job, casting doubt on his story. Frank loses his case, and the loss causes the firm to pull out of the class action lawsuit.Maia learns of her mother's condition from Diane, and despite her lawyer's advice to stay away from her parents to avoid being caught up in their financial scandal, she visits her. However, Maia learns that her mother lied about the cancer so that she would come see her. Although angry at her mother, Diane advises Maia to forgive her, since she is obviously lonely with Henry in jail. Maia visits her mother to make amends, but discovers her mother carrying on an affair with her uncle Jax.
33"The Schtup List"Marta CunninghamTegan ShohetFebruary 26, 2017 (2017-02-26)
Barbara forces Diane and Lucca to work together on a case against assistant district attorney Colin Morello. The case involves a doctor who was arrested for performing surgery on a known terrorist. The partners have a meeting about their financial status and it turns out that a significant client has not paid their retainer this year. They are worried he may be moving firms now that Trump is in office. The firm investigator approaches Marissa to introduce himself. He is upset that she took it upon herself to round up the class action members last week. Maia visits her father in prison. She wants to warn him about her mother and Jax. The partners rush to find someone in their office who voted for Trump. Lucca has an unexpected run-in with Colin. Marissa works with the investigator to track down a crucial witness. The court rules in Diane and Lucca's favor, but the doctor is immediately arrested again. The partners make the individual who voted for Trump bid to the client. Maia visits her uncle where she finds evidence that could help her father. The court case turns again when a terrorist on the most wanted list gets involved.
44"Henceforth Known as Property"Alex ZakrzewskiJoey HartstoneMarch 5, 2017 (2017-03-05)
Strange comments in elevators make Maia suspicious. She and Marissa discover someone has made a fake Twitter profile for her. Diane is handling a fertility case with a clinic that has closed and donated 11 of 12 eggs for research. The 12th egg has been fertilized and is being prepped for implantation. Diane brings suit before that can happen. Mike Kresteva, the head of a task force hoping to curb police brutality, stops by to meet with Adrian. Diane warns Adrian that Kresteva is not always straightforward. Maia and Marissa track down an old boyfriend of Maia's, who they think is responsible for the Twitter impersonation. Adrian, Diane and Lucca are served with subpoenas to testify before a grand jury being prosecuted by Kresteva. At Lucca's request, Colin speaks with his boss about Kresteva. With Marissa's help, Maia finds a way to retaliate against her old boyfriend. The fertility case has Diane and Barbara thinking back on what could have been. The two women bond for the first time while Diane considers reaching out to Kurt. Kresteva is undeterred and pushes forward with his intentions. The judge rules on the owner of the embryo.
55"Stoppable: Requiem for an Airdate"Ron UnderwoodMarcus DalzineMarch 12, 2017 (2017-03-12)
This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Adrian wants to take on another anti-Trump case as a strategy to attract clients from the entertainment industry. Kresteva approaches Maia about the fake news stories that were started about her. Surprisingly, Kresteva knows about Maia's visits to her father. Barbara asks Diane for her capital contribution, forcing Diane to reevaluate her expenses. Kurt visits Diane at the office, asking for help with a public speech. Diane helps him rewrite the speech and supports him by attending and watching him give the speech. The firm's partners interview attorneys to defend them against Kresteva. Lucca suggest Adrian employ an unorthodox lawyer. Diane runs into Neil Gross, who has some interesting news for her. Kresteva visits the prison, and soon after, Henry is out on bail. Maia happily meets him at home until she sees her parents acting like nothing has happened. Later, an attorney makes her question whether her father would turn on her. A potential attorney for the firm confronts Kresteva not once but twice, the second time in a very personal way that scares him somewhat. Colin stops by the courtroom to see Lucca in action. The two of them finally go on their date, where Lucca opens up about Alicia.
66"Social Media and Its Discontents"Jim McKayRobert King & Michelle KingMarch 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)
This episode's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (May 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) Neil Gross immediately puts the firm to work when he wants hate speech, and the people responsible for it, removed from his websites. Maia takes the assignment personally when the hate speech sounds like threats she has been getting. Colin talks to his supervisor again about Kresteva. Marissa thinks about getting into investigating. Maia's uncle stops by the office to see her. He warns her that her father is up to something. She reaches out to Elsbeth for advice. Things are heating up between Colin and Lucca until he asks her to go to dinner. After the firm decides to implement an appeals process for banned users, one such user has a field day presenting his narrative. Information from the firm's discussions about the appeals process is leaked. Online users use it to their advantage. Lucca arranges a date so that they'll run into Colin but it doesn't produce the results she's expecting. When she confronts him later, she's surprised again. Maia shows up for a meeting with her dad and finds a party in progress. She's nervous when he tries to speak with her in private. Marissa steps in when the investigator needs some help tracking down a very specific kind of online user. Not surprisingly, she's good at it. Elsbeth stops by to warn the firm about the newest fake news story. Julius makes a surprising decision about his future with the firm.
77"Not So Grand Jury"So Yong KimWilliam M. FinkelsteinMarch 26, 2017 (2017-03-26)
Lucca tells Maia about Colin's warning. Kresteva introduces his case to a Grand Jury. Evidence is seized from Elsbeth's office. Henry is approached by Kresteva about Maia lying to him. Henry wants to talk to his daughter and the two of them finally have an honest conversation. Elsbeth figures out a strategy and tries to get the firm on board. Mike scrambles to change course. The investigator takes a look at the schtup list Henry asked Maia to get for him. Colin is asked to represent Kresteva in a civil law suit brought by the firm. Things get awkward when Lucca takes second chair. The firm investigates and discovers who the real target of Kresteva's wrath is. Maia confronts her father about some new information. Colin and Lucca discuss the consequences of their relationship. Marissa and Jay analyze the schtup list, the former making a startling discovery. Diane faces her day in court but is surprised when an important witness' testimony is not what she is expecting.
88"Reddick v Boseman"Michael ZinbergKeith Josef AdkinsApril 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)
Carl Reddick returns to the firm and immediately starts criticizing how Adrian and Barbara have been running it. An old friend needs help with an eviction and Diane steps up. Lucca and Colin make plans to meet at an art gallery where they run into an unexpected female. What was supposed to be a simple eviction goes in a completely different direction when Diane shows up at Paul Johnson's door and he makes some shocking allegations. Shortly thereafter, his attorney contacts the firm. Marissa helps Jay investigate the allegations and finally wins him over. Henry tries to talk to Maia, calling her and Amy multiple times and even showing up at the office. The two of them finally get worried and rush off to find him. Lucca joins Colin at a birthday party. Things get complicated fast and Lucca bolts, as she tends to do. Maia is upset when Henry ends up in the hospital and Lenore shows up with Jax. Diane continues to go toe-to-toe with Paul's attorney until Marissa and Jay find the evidence they need to expose him. The firm votes on who should be the managing partner – Carl or Adrian. Lucca makes a decision about her relationship with Colin.
99"Self Condemned"Jim McKayWilliam M. FinkelsteinApril 9, 2017 (2017-04-09)
Lucca and Maia have a meeting with the FBI. Maia has offered to tell them everything she knows about the ponzi scheme as long as she's granted immunity. Diane and Adrian get wind of a new police brutality case but are surprised when they see the victim. Maia works with the FBI agent to recover memories from her teenage years that may shed light on who is behind the scheme. Diane and Adrian's victim is having a hard time finding sympathy in the justice system given his criminal history. Jay finds evidence to show that the police officer has a history of bad conduct. Maia struggles to remember key moments in her life and possibly the ponzi scheme. Diane and Adrian grow closer as friends and colleagues. Lucca offers guidance as Maia is confronted with uncomfortable truths about her past.
1010"Chaos"Robert KingRobert King & Michelle KingApril 16, 2017 (2017-04-16)
It's time for bi-annual reviews at Reddick, Boseman & Kolstad. Lucca gets good news while Maia has some mixed reviews. Diane gets a call that Kurt has been in an accident. A former client, Dylan Stack, returns. Henry meets with the Department of Justice but isn't offered the deal he was hoping for. He reaches out to a mysterious old friend for help. The firm finds out about a potential attack on the power grid and goes to the DOJ looking for an immunity deal. Things go awry when Lucca is arrested. Maia wants to be more assertive so she picks a partner to shadow for the day. Colin tries to resign but ends up being promoted. Marisa works with Jay to find the real person behind the cyber terrorism. Jay continues to be impressed by her investigative skills. Mr. Staples returns to cause more destruction. The city of Chicago has a blackout. Maia, Lenore and Henry enjoy a last meal together as a family, at least for a while. Diane and Kurt reconcile. Maia's dad flees after agreeing to a 35 year plea deal and Maia is arrested in connection with the ponzi scheme.

text: Season 2 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonTitle [24]Directed byWritten byOriginal release date111"Day 408"Brooke KennedyRobert King & Michelle KingMarch 4, 2018 (2018-03-04)
After founding partner Carl Reddick dies, the partners work to ensure that all their clients remain on board and are surprised when they learn that a lucrative project involving the Obamas is in jeopardy after his death. At the end of her tether with politics and professional strains, and feeling her mortality following the deaths of several Chicago lawyers, Diane accepts the offer of psilocybin from a bartender, and starts microdosing to relax. Justice Department lawyer Liz Lawrence, Reddick's daughter and Boseman's ex-wife, leaves her job at the Department of Justice after she tweets a criticism of Donald Trump, and is criticised for it. To preclude Liz taking the Reddick name away and becoming a competitor, Diane recruits her to the firm. Maia learns some surprising facts about her father's past.
122"Day 415"Jim McKayWilliam FinkelsteinMarch 11, 2018 (2018-03-11)
Another Chicago lawyer is murdered, causing tensions at Reddick/Boseman. Liz has her first day at Reddick, Boseman & Lockhart and goes for a drink with Diane, where Diane confides that she feels as if she is going insane with all the problems of the world. Maia's trial takes an unwelcome turn when a surprise witness is called to testify against her. Lucca and Colin go head-to-head in court in the Rindell trial.
133"Day 422"James Whitmore Jr.Joey HartstoneMarch 18, 2018 (2018-03-18)
Marissa and Maia open a envelope to Diane, only to find a letter saying "Kill all lawyers", and a deadly chemical, ricin, fall out. Diane fears that she is the next target, causing her to microdose even more. Alone at home, she watches TV, only to find that every single channel is about Trump. She hears a story about the president adopting a pot-bellied pig named Petey. The firm represents a young woman who was assaulted while a contestant on a reality dating show. In court, Diane starts hysterically laughing. Adrian asks her how she is coping, after Liz told him that Diane is thinking of quitting the law, due to her inability to process the events that are constantly happening.
144"Day 429"Ron UnderwoodJonathan TolinsMarch 25, 2018 (2018-03-25)
Liz learns that her son's favourite teacher has been fired from the charter school he attends. The case goes to arbitration and though Liz initially suspects racism she learns his firing has more to do with standardized test scores. Lucca learns her younger brother is in trouble with the law again. She is surprised when she learns it is because he has created an app that helps convicts with their appeals process. After a party, Diane believes that she is going insane after she sleeps with the bartender. She tearfully collapses into Kurt's arms, repeatedly apologising to him but not saying what she has done, out of fear that he will leave her forever. Kurt tells her that he does not want to remain separated anymore, and is ready to move back in with her.
155"Day 436"Jim McKayMarcus DalzineApril 1, 2018 (2018-04-01)
Lucca and Maia are assigned separate ride-alongs with the police. Lucca's uneventful night turns surprisingly eventful after she realizes that the person behind a DUI is Francesa Lovatelli, Colin's mother. She calls Colin and Colin arrives at the police station. While there, Lucca tells him that she is 3 months pregnant and that it is his child. At the firm Diane and Adrian advise clients who are about to be sued over running a story about sexual harassment. In the course of the case Adrian bumps into a former student and is surprised by what she tells him about himself.
166"Day 443"Brooke KennedyJacquelyn ReingoldApril 8, 2018 (2018-04-08)
Adrian becomes a minor celebrity once he begins appearing as a pundit on a local talk show, but his tenure on air is short lived. Lucca officially informs the partners of her pregnancy, and insists it will not impact her work in any way. Lucca and Colin argue over the start date for a trial after Colin moves for a continuance to the week of Lucca's due date.
177"Day 450"Frederick E.O. ToyeTegan ShohetApril 15, 2018 (2018-04-15)
Ruth Eastman, a Democratic National Committee consultant, films the firm's partners in highly confidential all-day sessions to find a law firm to take on the party's efforts to impeach Donald Trump should the Democrats take control of Congress. Liz and Diane's emotions run high, and their enthusiasm resonates with the DNC, who ultimately appoint Liz as co-counsel in any future proceedings. Diane argues with Julius, saying that the last few months have left her feeling deranged, as she is incapable of dealing with Trump. She angrily says that she has a gun in her desk and is very close to taking it to the streets. Adrian tries to talk to Diane, but they are interrupted by Liz. Marissa has bought a pack of cards from an Alt-Right website, which is called the Kill All The Lawyers Deck, featuring Chicago lawyers who are expected to be killed. Adrian, Liz and Diane are all on them. Meanwhile, Maia is allured by Ruth's assistant Carrine, and cheats on Amy. They sneak back to the office to have sex, and are unwittingly caught on tape by the DNC's cameras.
188"Day 457"Clark JohnsonAurin SquireApril 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)
The firm is suing the Chicago Police Department for the shooting of a black undercover cop by his white colleague. Kurt's ballistics evidence paints an open-and-shut case, but the defence uses dirty tactics – including micro-targeting jurors with fake news about the plaintiff and his legal team via Facebook – to try and avoid a payout. Diane's marriage to Kurt is also tested as the defence exploits Kurt's affair and subsequent lies to Diane in order to undermine both Diane and the firm's evidence. While investigating a separate case for Jay's friend Craig, Maia and Lucca determine that Diane's client worked with his shooter as crooked cops planting guns to frame at least 30 suspects, including Jay's friend. The firm is offered a significant payout from the Chicago PD to stop the reopening of these more than 30 cases, but amid the celebrations, Jay quits as lead investigator after the firm chooses the Chicago PD settlement over justice for Craig.
199"Day 464"Michael ZinbergRobert King & Michelle KingApril 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)
The firm is contacted by a student Dominika, who fears she is being deported to Russia because she is one of the prostitutes from the golden shower tape mentioned in the Steele dossier, and her existence would prove that Vladimir Putin has compromising material on President Trump. Meanwhile, Maia and Lucca bend ethical rules to support Craig's lawyer, but even with coaching he proves too inept to get the job done. When a white supremacist becomes the Republican senate candidate for Cook County, greater attention falls on Colin's campaign to become the Democratic candidate. The Democrats are concerned that Colin's prosecutorial history appears racially biased. Lucca suggests he uses an investigation into police corruption to overturn several black convictions and change his statistics, and as a result Craig's sentence is vacated. The FBI offer Dominika a deal, allowing her to stay if, she admits the tape is a fake.
2010"Day 471"Kevin Rodney SullivanWilliam FinkelsteinMay 6, 2018 (2018-05-06)
Boseman is shot by an unseen assailant from the office elevator, prompting Liz to illegally hand over the firm's client list to her husband, CPD Captain Lawrence, who immediately goes after two of Diane's longstanding clients – Chicago drug lord Lemond Bishop and wealthy killer Colin Sweeney. While the firm is reeling from the attack, Diane's white shoe firm rival Solomon attempts to poach her clients. This threat sharpens her sense of purpose. She vows to make her corner of the world sane again, throws away her psychedelics and begins to take control again. She takes the fight to Solomon, winning back her clients and taking one of his; the Cook County Democrats. Jay returns to the fold when he learns of Boseman's injury. He and Marissa to create a short list of angry ex-clients who might be responsible for the attack. Colin is selected as the Democratic candidate for Cook County congressman.
2111"Day 478"Brooke KennedyJonathan TolinsMay 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)
The firm works to challenge a gossip website that shames men accused of non-criminal sexual impropriety, stirring lively debates within the office. Jay is formally rehired by Diane but struggles to reconcile their evidence about Boseman's shooter with the police's suspect profile; he determines that the shooter was Whitehead, the crooked cop who helped frame his friend Craig, and he is arrested. With firms in DC anticipating Colin's election, Lucca begins receiving offers of employment from the capital, including an invitation to work for the Obamas. Diane learns her finances have made a full recovery, in part due to Trump's tax reliefs for the already-wealthy. Diane starts to learn aikido, in an attempt to calm herself. She asks Kurt whether or not he wants a divorce. Kurt tells her that they have never tried properly being married. He is going to get a job with the FBI in Chicago, and he wants to move in together, full-time. Diane is ready to accept this proposal and hugs him enthusiastically. The two kiss, just before Adrian makes a return to the office. He gives a speech about how Reddick/Boseman & Lockhart is a family, and how they all stick up for one another.
2212"Day 485"Ron UnderwoodJacquelyn Reingold & Marcus DalzineMay 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)
While working, Jay is arrested for driving while black and soon, immigration officers descend on his bail hearing to deport him to Nigeria. To shield him from federal powers under states' rights (Illinois is a sanctuary state), his sympathetic bail judge agrees to hold Jay in state court while the firm investigates. They soon learn that Jay's U.S. birth certificate is a fake and that he was born in Nigeria and moved to the states as a baby. Citing Jay's artwork as grounds for an "Einstein" visa, as well as the fact that First Lady Melania Trump was granted one for her nude modelling, the firm helps him avoid deportation. Meanwhile, one of Julius' Republican connections offers to make Jay's problem go away in exchange for taking Diane's blue chip tech giant client ChumHum to a Republican-backed firm, hoping ChumHum can help them hurt the Democrats. He is rebuffed, leading him to threaten Julius with open war against his firm on behalf of the Republicans and federal government.
2313"Day 492"Robert KingRobert & Michelle KingMay 27, 2018 (2018-05-27)
Diane is hounded by FBI officials over her connections to Tully – a radical left-wing activist she had been sleeping with – and her previous filmed remarks about President Trump on the DNC audition tapes. Diane thinks that she is being bugged, after the prosecutor plays her a tape of her and Tully talking in her bedroom. The FBI interrogate Kurt about the gun he gave Diane, by saying that it is part of his background check. Proving his love and loyalty to Diane, he orders them out of his house, but not before Patrick Baseheart tells him that Diane will be indicted. It becomes clear the federal government are set on prosecuting her to make an example of the firm. Fighting fire with fire, Boseman leaks false information to a Fox News journalist concerning a porn star who slept with the President, alleging she instead was having an affair with the federal prosecutor targeting Diane; the President, who reliably watches Fox & Friends, would be sure to fire him via a tweet within minutes. Meanwhile, Lucca gives birth to a healthy baby boy, who she names Joseph Quinn-Morrello, but her mother sows seeds of doubt in her mind about Colin.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In February 2016, Michelle and Robert King, when asked about a spin-off, stated that there was a possibility for a spin-off series.[25] In May 2016, CBS was in final negotiations to set up a spin-off featuring Christine Baranski reprising her role as Diane Lockhart, but which would air on CBS All Access instead of the network.[6] The spin-off was officially ordered to series on May 18, with Cush Jumbo returning as well.[9] In September 2016, it was confirmed that the 10 episode spin-off would premiere in February 2017, with the story picking up a year after the final episode of the original series and seeing Diane pushed out of her firm after a financial scam involving her mentee wipes out her savings, resulting in her move to Lucca Quinn's firm.[2] The series was initially planned to air in May 2017, but was moved to February 2017 after production delays forced CBS to postpone the premiere of the new series, Star Trek: Discovery.[3] After months of speculation, CBS revealed the title for the spin-off series, which was revealed to be The Good Fight, on October 31, 2016.[26] It was announced that The Good Fight would premiere on February 19, 2017.[1] CBS released the first trailer for the spinoff on December 18, 2016, featuring footage from the premiere and later episodes.[27]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In May 2016, CBS was in final negotiations with Christine Baranski to reprise her role as Diane Lockhart and Cush Jumbo to reprise her role as well.[6] After the series was picked up, it was announced that Jumbo would reprise her role as Lucca Quinn.[9] Deadline announced on September 17, 2016 that Sarah Steele had been added to the cast, returning as Marissa Gold and appearing as Diane Lockhart's secretary-turned-investigator.[11] On October 12, 2016, it was announced that former Game of Thrones star Rose Leslie had been cast to play a lead in the show, the role of Diane's goddaughter Maia who joins Diane's firm just after passing the bar.[7]

text: The day after, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Delroy Lindo had been cast as "Robert" Boseman, an attorney who starts poaching Diane's associates and clients.[10] The first name of Lindo's character was changed to "Adrian".[28] Deadline reported on October 27, 2016 that the show had added Paul Guilfoyle and Bernadette Peters for recurring roles as Maia's parents. Guilfoyle would play Maia's father Henry, a wildly successful financial advisor who is phenomenally wealthy and universally loved. Peters' character Lenore was described as a woman who came from a tough working-class background and is a natively brilliant financial whiz.[16] It was announced on October 31, 2016 that Justified alum Erica Tazel had joined the cast as a series regular.[29]

text: On November 7, 2016, it was announced that Gary Cole would be reprising his role as Diane's husband Kurt McVeigh.[17] It was confirmed on November 11, 2016, that Zach Grenier, Jerry Adler, and Carrie Preston would be returning as guest stars, reprising their roles of David Lee, Howard Lyman, and Elsbeth Tascioni respectively.[18][20] On November 18, 2016, it was announced that Justin Bartha had been added as a series regular as Colin, a rising star in the US Attorney's office and love interest to Lucca.[12] On August 1, 2017, it was announced that Audra McDonald had been added to the main cast for season 2 as Liz Lawrence, reprising her role from The Good Wife season 4, and that Michael Boatman and Nyambi Nyambi had been promoted to main cast.[30]

text: International broadcast[edit]

text: On February 8, 2017, the series was picked up in Canada by Corus Entertainment to air on their cable channel, W Network; the U.S. broadcast premiere of the series would be simulcast by Corus' broadcast system Global.[31]

text: On March 2, 2017, Channel 4 confirmed it had acquired the UK broadcast rights for the series for its More4 channel following the success of progenitor series The Good Wife on that same channel.[32] The series debuted on More4 on March 30, 2017.

text: HBO Europe and HBO Nordic began streaming all 10 episodes of the first season on June 1, 2017, in Bulgaria, Croatia, the Czech Republic, Hungary, Macedonia, Poland, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Denmark, Norway and Finland, while India's Zee Entertainment Enterprises took exclusive pay-TV rights to The Good Fight for its English-language general entertainment channel Zee Café, which was also the Indian home of The Good Wife.[33]

text: In Australia, SBS picked up the series which premiered on August 2, 2017.

text: In Southeast Asia, the series broadcasts on Star World but later moved to Fox Life starting from the second season.

text: In Greece the series first aired on Cosmote TV beginning in December 2017.

text: In Ireland, the series is aired on RTÉ2 beginning July 2018.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The Good Fight has received positive reviews. Rotten Tomatoes awarded the series with a rating of 98% based on reviews from 50 critics and an average rating of 8.2 out of 10. The site's critical consensus reads: "An auspicious beginning for CBS All Access, The Good Fight solidly follows its predecessor while allowing for new storytelling styles, a wider narrative scope, and a chance for its lead to explore new territory with a relatable human struggle."[34] On Metacritic, the series received a score of 80 based on reviews from 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[35]

text: The Los Angeles Times suggested that Good Fight creators Robert and Michelle King "still had the Good Wife magic" and though Good Wife "had already [run] its course" after seasons 6 and 7 had received mediocre reviews, "they just needed a clean slate" to allow them to continue to mine more stories from that fictional universe.[36] In addition, unlike Good Wife which was centered around "romantic tension" and got bogged down in Alicia Florrick's (Julianne Margulies) love life, Good Fight was considered "refreshing for steering the story the other way" as relationships are "not the plot points that drive the story".[37] Good Fight is regarded as a rare successful example of a TV series spin-off, as other contemporary TV series are either reboots or remakes.[38]

text: Writing for Vox.com, Todd VanDerWerff praised the show's deft use of political themes, commenting that while The Good Wife was a commentary on "liberal hypocrisy" and the nature of moral compromise, The Good Fight stands out as a much more earnest "defence of liberal values", giving the show a compelling "reason to exist".[39]


document_title: Steamboat

question_text: when was the steam powered paddle boat invented

question_tokens: when was the steam powered paddle boat invented

root

text: Steamboat

text: Background[edit]

text: Limitations of the Newcomen steam engine[edit]

text: Early steamboat designs used Newcomen steam engines. These engines were very large and heavy and produced little power (unfavorable power to weight ratio). Also, the Newcomen engine produced a reciprocating or rocking motion because it was designed for pumping. The piston stroke was caused by a water jet in the steam-filled cylinder, which condensed the steam, creating a vacuum, which in turn caused atmospheric pressure to drive the piston downward. The piston relied on the weight of the rod connecting to the underground pump to return the piston to the top of the cylinder. The heavy weight of the Newcomen engine required a structurally strong boat and the reciprocating motion of the engine beam required a complicated mechanism to produce propulsion.[1]

tag: p

text: Rotary motion engines[edit]

text: James Watt's design improvements increased the efficiency of the steam engine, improving the power to weight ratio, and created an engine capable of rotary motion by using a double-acting cylinder which injected steam at each end of the piston stroke to move the piston back and forth. The rotary steam engine simplified the mechanism required to turn a paddle wheel to propel a boat. Despite the improved efficiency and rotary motion, the power to weight ratio of Boulton and Watt steam engine was still low.[1]

text: High-pressure steam engines[edit]

text: The high-pressure steam engine was the development that made the steamboat practical. It had a high power to weight ratio and was fuel efficient. High pressure engines were made possible by improvements in the design of boilers and engine components so that they could withstand internal pressure, although boiler explosions were common due to lack of instrumentation like pressure gauges.[1] Attempts at making high-pressure engines had to wait until the expiration of the Boulton and Watt patent in 1800. Shortly thereafter high-pressure engines by Richard Trevithick and Oliver Evans were introduced.[1]

text: History[edit]

text: Early designs[edit]

text: Early attempts at powering a boat by steam were made by the French inventor Denis Papin and the English inventor Thomas Newcomen. Papin invented the steam digester (a type of pressure cooker) and experimented with closed cylinders and pistons pushed in by atmospheric pressure, analogous to the pump built by Thomas Savery in England during the same period. Papin proposed applying this steam pump to the operation of a paddlewheel boat and tried to market his idea in Britain. He was unable to successfully convert the piston motion into rotary motion and the steam could not produce enough pressure. Newcomen's was able to produce mechanical power, but produced reciprocating motion and was very large and heavy.[2][3]

text: A steamboat was described and patented by English physician John Allen in 1729.[4] In 1736, Jonathan Hulls was granted a patent in England for a Newcomen engine-powered steamboat (using a pulley instead of a beam, and a pawl and ratchet to obtain rotary motion), but it was the improvement in steam engines by James Watt that made the concept feasible. William Henry of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, having learned of Watt's engine on a visit to England, made his own engine. In 1763 he put it in a boat. The boat sank, and while Henry made an improved model, he did not appear to have much success, though he may have inspired others.[5]

text: The first steam-powered ship Pyroscaphe was a paddle steamer powered by a Newcomen steam engine; it was built in France in 1783 by Marquis Claude de Jouffroy and his colleagues as an improvement of an earlier attempt, the 1776 Palmipède. At its first demonstration on 15 July 1783, Pyroscaphe travelled upstream on the river Saône for some fifteen minutes before the engine failed. Presumably this was easily repaired as the boat is said to have made several such journeys.[6] Following this, De Jouffroy attempted to get the government interested in his work, but for political reasons was instructed that he would have to build another version on the Seine in Paris. De Jouffroy did not have the funds for this, and, following the events of the French revolution, work on the project was discontinued after he left the country.[7]

text: Similar boats were made in 1785 by John Fitch in Philadelphia and William Symington in Dumfries, Scotland. Fitch successfully trialled his boat in 1787, and in 1788, he began operating a regular commercial service along the Delaware River between Philadelphia and Burlington, New Jersey, carrying as many as 30 passengers. This boat could typically make 7 to 8 miles per hour (11 to 13 km/h) and traveled more than 2,000 miles (3,200 km) during its short length of service. The Fitch steamboat was not a commercial success, as this travel route was adequately covered by relatively good wagon roads. The following year, a second boat made 30-mile (48 km) excursions, and in 1790, a third boat ran a series of trials on the Delaware River before patent disputes dissuaded Fitch from continuing.[5]

text: Meanwhile, Patrick Miller of Dalswinton, near Dumfries, Scotland, had developed double-hulled boats propelled by manually cranked paddle wheels placed between the hulls, even attempting to interest various European governments in a giant warship version, 246 feet (75 m) long. Miller sent King Gustav III of Sweden an actual small-scale version, 100 feet (30 m) long, called Experiment.[8] Miller then engaged engineer William Symington to build his patent steam engine that drove a stern-mounted paddle wheel in a boat in 1785. The boat was successfully tried out on Dalswinton Loch in 1788 and was followed by a larger steamboat the next year. Miller then abandoned the project.

text: 19th century[edit]

text: The failed project of Patrick Miller caught the attention of Lord Dundas, Governor of the Forth and Clyde Canal Company, and at a meeting with the canal company's directors on 5 June 1800, they approved his proposals for the use of "a model of a boat by Captain Schank to be worked by a steam engine by Mr Symington" on the canal.

text: The boat was built by Alexander Hart at Grangemouth to Symington's design with a vertical cylinder engine and crosshead transmitting power to a crank driving the paddlewheels. Trials on the River Carron in June 1801 were successful and included towing sloops from the river Forth up the Carron and thence along the Forth and Clyde Canal.

text: In 1801, Symington patented a horizontal steam engine directly linked to a crank. He got support from Lord Dundas to build a second steamboat, which became famous as the Charlotte Dundas, named in honour of Lord Dundas's daughter. Symington designed a new hull around his powerful horizontal engine, with the crank driving a large paddle wheel in a central upstand in the hull, aimed at avoiding damage to the canal banks. The new boat was 56 ft (17.1 m) long, 18 ft (5.5 m) wide and 8 ft (2.4 m) depth, with a wooden hull. The boat was built by John Allan and the engine by the Carron Company.

text: The first sailing was on the canal in Glasgow on 4 January 1803, with Lord Dundas and a few of his relatives and friends on board. The crowd were pleased with what they saw, but Symington wanted to make improvements and another more ambitious trial was made on March 28. On this occasion, the Charlotte Dundas towed two 70 ton barges 30 km (almost 20 miles) along the Forth and Clyde Canal to Glasgow, and despite "a strong breeze right ahead" that stopped all other canal boats it took only nine and a quarter hours, giving an average speed of about 3 km/h (2 mph). The Charlotte Dundas was the first practical steamboat, in that it demonstrated the practicality of steam power for ships, and was the first to be followed by continuous development of steamboats.[9]

text: The American, Robert Fulton, was present at the trials of the Charlotte Dundas and was intrigued by the potential of the steamboat. While working in France, he corresponded with and was helped by the Scottish engineer Henry Bell, who may have given him the first model of his working steamboat.[10] He designed his own steamboat, which sailed along the River Seine in 1803.

text: He later obtained a Boulton and Watt steam engine, shipped to America where his first proper steamship was built in 1807,[11] North River Steamboat (later known as Clermont), which carried passengers between New York City and Albany, New York. Clermont was able to make the 150-mile (240 km) trip in 32 hours. The steamboat was powered by a Boulton and Watt engine and was capable of long-distance travel. It was the first commercially successful steamboat, transporting passengers along the Hudson River.

text: In 1807 Robert L. Stevens began operation of the Phoenix, which used a high pressure engine in combination with a low pressure condensing engine. The first steamboats powered only by high pressure were the Aetna and Pennsylvania designed and built by Oliver Evans.[12]

text: In October 1811 a ship designed by John Stevens, Little Juliana, would operate as the first steam-powered ferry between Hoboken and New York City. Stevens' ship was engineered as a twin screw-driven steamboat in juxtaposition to Clermont's Boulton and Watt engine.[13] The design was a modification of Stevens' prior paddle steamer Phoenix, the first steamship to successfully navigate the open ocean in its route from Hoboken to Philadelphia.[14]

text: Henry Bell's PS Comet of 1812 inaugurated a passenger service along the River Clyde in Scotland.

text: The Margery, launched in Dumbarton in 1814, in January 1815 became the first steamboat on the River Thames, much to the amazement of Londoners. She operated a London to Gravesend river service until 1816, when she was sold to the French and became the first steamboat to cross the Channel. When she reached Paris, the new owners renamed her Elise and inaugurated a Seine steamboat service.[15]

text: In 1818, Ferdinando I, the first Italian steamboat, left the port of Naples, where it had been built.[16]

text: Ocean-going[edit]

text: The first sea-going steamboat was Richard Wright's first steamboat "Experiment", an ex-French lugger; she steamed from Leeds to Yarmouth, arriving Yarmouth 19 July 1813.[17] "Tug", the first tugboat, was launched by the Woods Brothers, Port Glasgow, on 5 November 1817; in the summer of 1818 she was the first steamboat to travel round the North of Scotland to the East Coast.[18][page needed]

text: Use by country[edit]

text: United States[edit]

text: Origins[edit]

text: The era of the steamboat began in Philadelphia in 1787 when John Fitch (1743–1798) made the first successful trial of a 45-foot (14-meter) steamboat on the Delaware River on August 22, 1787, in the presence of members of the United States Constitutional Convention. Fitch later (1790) built a larger vessel that carried passengers and freight between Philadelphia and Burlington, New Jersey on the Delaware. His steamboat was not a financial success and was shut down after a few months service, however this marks the first use of marine steam propulsion in scheduled regular passenger transport service.

text: Oliver Evans (1755–1819) was a Philadelphian inventor born in Newport, Delaware to a family of Welsh settlers. He designed an improved high-pressure steam engine in 1801 but did not build it[19] (patented 1804).[20] The Philadelphia Board of Health was concerned with the problem of dredging and cleaning the city's dockyards, and in 1805 Evans convinced them to contract with him for a steam-powered dredge, which he called the Oruktor Amphibolos. It was built but was only marginally successful.[21] Evans's high-pressure steam engine had a much higher power to weight ratio, making it practical to apply it in locomotives and steamboats.[22] Evans got so depressed with the poor protection that the US patent law gave inventors that he eventually took all his engineering drawings and invention ideas and destroyed them to prevent his children wasting their time in court fighting patent infringements.

text: Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston, who owned extensive land on the Hudson River in New York, met in 1802 and drew up an agreement to construct a steamboat to ply a route between New York City and Albany, New York on the Hudson River. They successfully obtained a monopoly on Hudson River traffic after Livingston terminated a prior 1797 agreement with John Stevens, who owned extensive land on the Hudson River in New Jersey. The former agreement had partitioned northern Hudson River traffic to Livingston and southern to Stevens, agreeing to use ships designed by Stevens for both operations.[23] With their new monopoly, Fulton and Livingston's boat, named the Clermont after Livingston's estate, could make a profit. The Clermont was nicknamed "Fulton's Folly" by doubters. On Monday, August 17, 1807, the memorable first voyage of the Clermont up the Hudson River was begun. She traveled the 150 miles (240 km) trip to Albany in a little over 32 hours and made the return trip in about eight hours.

text: The use of steamboats on major US rivers soon followed Fulton's 1807 success. In 1811 the first in a continuous (still in commercial passenger operation as of 2007[update]) line of river steamboats left the dock at Pittsburgh to steam down the Ohio River to the Mississippi and on to New Orleans.[24] In 1817 a consortium in Sackets Harbor, New York funded the construction of the first US steamboat, Ontario, to run on Lake Ontario and the Great Lakes, beginning the growth of lake commercial and passenger traffic.[25][page needed] In his book Life on the Mississippi, river pilot and author Mark Twain described much of the operation of such vessels.

text: Types of ships[edit]

text: By 1849 the shipping industry was in transition from sail-powered boats to steam-powered boats and from wood construction to an ever-increasing metal construction. There were basically three different types of ships being used: standard sailing ships of several different types,[26] Clippers, and paddle steamers with paddles mounted on the side or rear. River steam boats typically used rear-mounted paddles and had flat bottoms and shallow hulls designed to carry large loads on generally smooth and occasionally shallow rivers. Ocean-going paddle steamers typically used side-wheeled paddles and used narrower, deeper hulls designed to travel in the often stormy weather encountered at sea. The ship hull design was often based on the clipper ship design with extra bracing to support the loads and strains imposed by the paddle wheels when they encountered rough water.

text: The first paddle-steamer to make a long ocean voyage was the 320-ton 98-foot-long (30 m) SS Savannah, built in 1819 expressly for packet ship mail and passenger service to and from Liverpool, England. On 22 May 1819, the watch on the Savannah sighted Ireland after 23 days at sea. The Allaire Iron Works of New York supplied Savannah's's engine cylinder,[27] while the rest of the engine components and running gear were manufactured by the Speedwell Ironworks of New Jersey. The 90-horsepower low-pressure engine was of the inclined direct-acting type, with a single 40-inch-diameter (100 cm) cylinder and a 5 feet (1.5 m) stroke. Savannah's engine and machinery were unusually large for their time. The ship's wrought-iron paddlewheels were 16 feet in diameter with eight buckets per wheel. For fuel, the vessel carried 75 short tons (68 t) of coal and 25 cords of wood.[28]

text: The SS Savannah was too small to carry much fuel, and the engine was intended only for use in calm weather and to get in and out of harbors. Under favorable winds the sails alone were able to provide a speed of at least four knots. The Savannah was judged not a commercial success, and its engine was removed and it was converted back to a regular sailing ship. By 1848 steamboats built by both United States and British shipbuilders were already in use for mail and passenger service across the Atlantic Ocean—a 3,000 miles (4,800 km) journey.

text: Since paddle steamers typically required from 5 to 16 short tons (4.5 to 14.5 t) of coal per day to keep their engines running, they were more expensive to run. Initially, nearly all seagoing steamboats were equipped with mast and sails to supplement the steam engine power and provide power for occasions when the steam engine needed repair or maintenance. These steamships typically concentrated on high value cargo, mail and passengers and only had moderate cargo capabilities because of their required loads of coal. The typical paddle wheel steamship was powered by a coal burning engine that required firemen to shovel the coal to the burners.[29][30]

text: By 1849 the screw propeller had been invented and was slowly being introduced as iron increasingly was used in ship construction and the stress introduced by propellers could be compensated for. As the 1800s progressed the timber and lumber needed to make wooden ships got ever more expensive and the iron plate needed for iron ship construction got much cheaper as the massive iron works at Merthyr Tydfil, Wales, for example, got ever more efficient. The propeller put a lot of stress on the rear of the ships and would not see large spread use till the conversion from wood boats to iron boats was complete—well underway by 1860. By the 1840s the ocean-going steam ship industry was well established as the Cunard Line and others demonstrated.

text: The last sailing frigate of the US Navy, Santee, had been launched in 1855.

text: West Coast[edit]

text: In the mid-1840s the acquisition of Oregon and California opened up the West Coast to American steamboat traffic. Starting in 1848 Congress subsidized the Pacific Mail Steamship Company with $199,999 to set up regular packet ship, mail, passenger, and cargo routes in the Pacific Ocean. This regular scheduled route went from Panama City, Nicaragua and Mexico to and from San Francisco and Oregon. Panama City was the Pacific terminus of the Isthmus of Panama trail across Panama. The Atlantic Ocean mail contract from East Coast cities and New Orleans to and from the Chagres River in Panama was won by the United States Mail Steamship Company whose first paddle wheel steamship, the SS Falcon (1848) was dispatched on 1 December 1848 to the Caribbean (Atlantic) terminus of the Isthmus of Panama trail—the Chagres River.

text: The SS California (1848), the first Pacific Mail Steamship Company paddle wheel steamship, left New York City on 6 October 1848 with only a partial load of her about 60 saloon (about $300 fare) and 150 steerage (about $150 fare) passenger capacity. Only a few were going all the way to California.[31] Her crew numbered about 36 men. She left New York well before confirmed word of the California Gold Rush had reached the East Coast. Once the California Gold Rush was confirmed by President James Polk in his State of the Union address on 5 December 1848 people started rushing to Panama City to catch the SS California. The SS California picked up more passengers in Valparaiso, Chile and Panama City, Panama and showed up in San Francisco, loaded with about 400 passengers—twice the passengers it had been designed for—on 28 February 1849. She had left behind about another 400-600 potential passengers still looking for passage from Panama City. The SS California had made the trip from Panama and Mexico after steaming around Cape Horn from New York—see SS California (1848).

text: The trips by paddle wheel steamship to Panama and Nicaragua from New York, Philadelphia, Boston, via New Orleans and Havana were about 2,600 miles (4,200 km) long and took about two weeks. Trips across the Isthmus of Panama or Nicaragua typically took about one week by native canoe and mule back. The 4,000 miles (6,400 km) trip to or from San Francisco to Panama City could be done by paddle wheel steamer in about three weeks. In addition to this travel time via the Panama route typically had a two- to four-week waiting period to find a ship going from Panama City, Panama to San Francisco before 1850. It was 1850 before enough paddle wheel steamers were available in the Atlantic and Pacific routes to establish regularly scheduled journeys.

text: Other steamships soon followed, and by late 1849, paddle wheel steamships like the SS McKim (1848)[32] were carrying miners and their supplies the 125 miles (201 km) trip from San Francisco up the extensive Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta to Stockton, California, Marysville, California, Sacramento, etc. to get about 125 miles (201 km) closer to the gold fields. Steam powered tugboats and towboats started working in the San Francisco Bay soon after this to expedite shipping in and out of the bay.

text: As the passenger, mail and high value freight business to and from California boomed more and more paddle steamers were brought into service—eleven by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company alone. The trip to and from California via Panama and paddle wheeled steamers could be done, if there were no waits for shipping, in about 40 days—over 100 days less than by wagon or 160 days less than a trip around Cape Horn. About 20-30% of the California Argonauts are thought to have returned to their homes, mostly on the East Coast of the United States via Panama—the fastest way home. Many returned to California after settling their business in the East with their wives, family and/or sweethearts. Most used the Panama or Nicaragua route till 1855 when the completion of the Panama Railroad made the Panama Route much easier, faster and more reliable. Between the 1849 and 1869 when the First Transcontinental Railroad was completed across the United States about 800,000 travelers had used the Panama route.[33] Most of the roughly $50,000,000 of gold found each year in California were shipped East via the Panama route on paddle steamers, mule trains and canoes and later the Panama Railroad across Panama. After 1855 when the Panama Railroad was completed the Panama Route was by far the quickest and easiest way to get to or from California from the East Coast of the U.S. or Europe. Most California bound merchandise still used the slower but cheaper Cape Horn sailing ship route. The sinking of the paddle steamer SS Central America (the Ship of Gold) in a hurricane on 12 September 1857 and the loss of about $2 million in California gold indirectly led to the Panic of 1857.

text: Steamboat traffic including passenger and freight business grew exponentially in the decades before the Civil War. So too did the economic and human losses inflicted by snags, shoals, boiler explosions, and human error.[34][page needed]

text: Civil War[edit]

text: During the US Civil War the Battle of Hampton Roads, often referred to as either the Battle of the Monitor and Merrimack or the Battle of Ironclads, was fought over two days with steam powered ironclad warships, March 8–9, 1862. The battle occurred in Hampton Roads, a roadstead in Virginia where the Elizabeth and Nansemond Rivers meet the James River just before it enters Chesapeake Bay adjacent to the city of Norfolk. The battle was a part of the effort of the Confederate States of America to break the Union Naval blockade, which had cut off Virginia from all international trade.[35][36]

text: The Civil War in the West was fought to control major rivers, especially the Mississippi and Tennessee Rivers using paddlewheelers. Only the Union had them (the Confederacy captured a few, but were unable to use them.) The Battle of Vicksburg involved monitors and ironclad riverboats. The USS Cairo is a survivor of the Vicksburg battle. Trade on the river was suspended for two years because of a Confederate's Mississippi blockade before the union victory at Vicksburg reopened the river on July 4, 1863. The triumph of Eads ironclads, and Farragut's seizure of New Orleans, secured the river for the Union North.

text: Although Union forces gained control of Mississippi River tributaries, travel there was still subject to interdiction by the Confederates. The Ambush of the steamboat J. R. Williams, which was carrying supplies from Fort Smith to Fort Gibson along the Arkansas River on July 16, 1863 demonstrated this. The steamboat was destroyed, the cargo was lost, and the tiny Union escort was run off. The loss did not affect the Union war effort, however.[37]

text: The worst of all steamboat accidents occurred at the end of the Civil War in April 1865, when the steamboat Sultana, carrying an over-capacity load of returning Union soldiers recently freed from a Confederate prison camp, blew up, causing more than 1,700 deaths.

text: Mississippi and Missouri river traffic[edit]

text: For most of the 19th century and part of the early 20th century, trade on the Mississippi River was dominated by paddle-wheel steamboats. Their use generated rapid development of economies of port cities; the exploitation of agricultural and commodity products, which could be more easily transported to markets; and prosperity along the major rivers. Their success led to penetration deep into the continent, where Anson Northup in 1859 became first steamer to cross the Canada–US border on the Red River. They would also be involved in major political events, as when Louis Riel seized International at Fort Garry, or Gabriel Dumont was engaged by Northcote at Batoche. Steamboats were held in such high esteem that they could become state symbols; the Steamboat Iowa (1838) is incorporated in the Seal of Iowa because it represented speed, power, and progress.[citation needed]

text: At the same time, the expanding steamboat traffic had severe adverse environmental effects, in the Middle Mississippi Valley especially, between St. Louis and the river's confluence with the Ohio. The steamboats consumed much wood for fuel, and the river floodplain and banks became deforested. This led to instability in the banks, addition of silt to the water, making the river both shallower and hence wider and causing unpredictable, lateral movement of the river channel across the wide, ten-mile floodplain, endangering navigation. Boats designated as snagpullers to keep the channels free had crews that sometimes cut remaining large trees 100–200 feet (30–61 m) or more back from the banks, exacerbating the problems. In the 19th century, the flooding of the Mississippi became a more severe problem than when the floodplain was filled with trees and brush.[citation needed]

text: Most steamboats were destroyed by boiler explosions or fires—and many sank in the river, with some of those buried in silt as the river changed course. From 1811 to 1899, 156 steamboats were lost to snags or rocks between St. Louis and the Ohio River. Another 411 were damaged by fire, explosions or ice during that period.[38] One of the few surviving Mississippi sternwheelers from this period, Julius C. Wilkie, was operated as a museum ship at Winona, Minnesota until its destruction in a fire in 1981. The replacement, built in situ was not a steamboat. The replica was scrapped in 2008.[citation needed]

text: From 1844 through 1857, luxurious palace steamers carried passengers and cargo around the North American Great Lakes.[39] Great Lakes passenger steamers reached their zenith during the century from 1850 to 1950. The SS Badger is the last of the once-numerous passenger-carrying steam-powered car ferries operating on the Great Lakes. A unique style of bulk carrier known as the lake freighter was developed on the Great Lakes. The St. Marys Challenger, launched in 1906, is the oldest operating steamship in the United States. She runs a Skinner Marine Unaflow 4-cylinder reciprocating steam engine as her power plant.[40]

text: Steamboats also operated on the Red River to Shreveport, Louisiana, after Captain Henry Miller Shreve broke the previous log jam on the river.[41]

text: 20th century[edit]

text: The Belle of Louisville is the oldest operating steamboat in the United States, and the oldest operating Mississippi River-style steamboat in the world. She was laid down as Idlewild in 1914, and is currently located in Louisville, Ky.[42]

text: Five major commercial steamboats currently operate on the inland waterways of the United States. The only remaining overnight cruising steamboat is the 432 passenger American Queen, which operates week-long cruises on the Mississippi, Ohio, Cumberland and Tennessee Rivers 11 months out of the year. The others are day boats: they are the steamers Chautauqua Belle at Chautauqua Lake, New York, Minne Ha-Ha at Lake George, NY, operating on Lake George; the Belle of Louisville in Louisville, Kentucky, operating on the Ohio River; and the Natchez in New Orleans, Louisiana, operating on the Mississippi River. For modern craft operated on rivers, see the Riverboat article.[43]

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada, the city of Terrace, British Columbia (BC), celebrates "Riverboat Days" each summer. Built on the banks of the Skeena River, the city depended on the steamboat for transportation and trade into the 20th century. The first steamer to enter the Skeena was Union in 1864. In 1866 Mumford attempted to ascend the river, but it was only able to reach the Kitsumkalum River. It was not until 1891 Hudson's Bay Company sternwheeler Caledonia successfully negotiated Kitselas Canyon and reached Hazelton. A number of other steamers were built around the turn of the 20th century, in part due to the growing fish industry and the gold rush.[44][page needed] For more information, see Steamboats of the Skeena River.

text: Sternwheelers were an instrumental transportation technology in the development of Western Canada. They were used on most of the navigable waterways of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, BC (British Columbia) and the Yukon at one time or another, generally being supplanted by the expansion of railroads and roads. In the more mountainous and remote areas of the Yukon and BC, working sternwheelers lived on well into the 20th century.[citation needed]

text: The simplicity of these vessels and their shallow draft made them indispensable to pioneer communities that were otherwise virtually cut off from the outside world. Because of their shallow, flat-bottomed construction (the Canadian examples of the western river sternwheeler generally needed less than three feet of water to float in), they could nose up almost anywhere along a riverbank to pick up or drop off passengers and freight. Sternwheelers would also prove vital to the construction of the railroads that eventually replaced them. They were used to haul supplies, track and other materials to construction camps.[citation needed]

text: The simple, versatile, locomotive-style boilers fitted to most sternwheelers after about the 1860s could burn coal, when available in more populated areas like the lakes of the Kootenays and the Okanagan region in southern BC, or wood in the more remote areas, such as the Steamboats of the Yukon River or northern BC.[citation needed]

text: The hulls were generally wooden, although iron, steel and composite hulls gradually overtook them. They were braced internally with a series of built-up longitudinal timbers called "keelsons". Further resilience was given to the hulls by a system of "hog rods" or "hog chains" that were fastened into the keelsons and led up and over vertical masts called "hog-posts", and back down again.[45]

text: Like their counterparts on the Mississippi and its tributaries, and the vessels on the rivers of California, Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska, the Canadian sternwheelers tended to have fairly short life-spans. The hard usage they were subjected to and inherent flexibility of their shallow wooden hulls meant that relatively few of them had careers longer than a decade.[citation needed]

text: In the Yukon, two vessels are preserved: the SS Klondike in Whitehorse and the SS Keno in Dawson City. Many derelict hulks can still be found along the Yukon River.[citation needed]

text: In British Columbia, the Moyie, built by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) in 1898, was operated on Kootenay Lake in south-eastern BC until 1957. It has been carefully restored and is on display in the village of Kaslo, where it acts as a tourist attraction right next to information centre in downtown Kaslo. The Moyie is the world's oldest intact stern wheeler. While the SS Sicamous and SS Naramata (steam tug & icebreaker) built by the CPR at Okanagan Landing on Okanagan Lake in 1914[46] have been preserved in Penticton at the south end of Okanagan Lake.[citation needed]

text: The SS Samson V is the only Canadian steam-powered sternwheeler that has been preserved afloat. It was built in 1937 by the Canadian federal Department of Public Works as a snagboat for clearing logs and debris out of the lower reaches of the Fraser River and for maintaining docks and aids to navigation. The fifth in a line of Fraser River snagpullers, the Samson V has engines, paddlewheel and other components that were passed down from the Samson II of 1914. It is now moored on the Fraser River as a floating museum in its home port of New Westminster, near Vancouver, BC.[citation needed]

text: The oldest operating steam driven vessel in North America is the RMS Segwun. It was built in Scotland in 1887 to cruise the Muskoka Lakes, District of Muskoka, Ontario, Canada. Originally named the S.S. Nipissing, it was converted from a side-paddle-wheel steamer with a walking-beam engine into a two-counter-rotating-propeller steamer.

text: Great Britain[edit]

text: Engineer Robert Fourness and his cousin, physician James Ashworth are said to have had a steamboat running between Hull and Beverley, after having been granted British Patent No. 1640 of March 1788 for a "new invented machine for working, towing, expediting and facilitating the voyage of ships, sloops and barges and other vessels upon the water". James Oldham, MICE, described how well he knew those who had built the F&A steamboat in a lecture entitled "On the rise, progress and present position of steam navigation in Hull" that he gave at the 23rd Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement for Science in Hull, England on 7 September 1853. The first commercially successful steamboat in Europe, Henry Bell's Comet of 1812, started a rapid expansion of steam services on the Firth of Clyde, and within four years a steamer service was in operation on the inland Loch Lomond, a forerunner of the lake steamers still gracing Swiss lakes.[47]

text: On the Clyde itself, within ten years of Comet's start in 1812 there were nearly fifty steamers, and services had started across the Irish Sea to Belfast and on many British estuaries. By 1900 there were over 300 Clyde steamers.[48]

text: People have had a particular affection for the Clyde puffers, small steam freighters of traditional design developed to use the Scottish canals and to serve the Highlands and Islands. They were immortalised by the tales of Para Handy's boat Vital Spark by Neil Munro and by the film The Maggie, and a small number are being conserved to continue in steam around the west highland sea lochs.[49]

text: From 1850 to the early decades of the 20th century Windermere, in the English Lakes, was home to many elegant steam launches. They were used for private parties, watching the yacht races or, in one instance, commuting to work, via the rail connection to Barrow in Furness. Many of these fine craft were saved from destruction when steam went out of fashion and are now part of the collection at Windermere Steamboat Museum. The collection includes SL Dolly, 1850, thought to be the world's oldest mechanically powered boat, and several of the classic Windermere launches.[50]

text: Today the 1900 steamer SS Sir Walter Scott still sails on Loch Katrine, while on Loch Lomond PS Maid of the Loch is being restored, and in the English Lakes the oldest operating passenger yacht, SY Gondola (built 1859, rebuilt 1979), sails daily during the summer season on Coniston Water.

text: The paddle steamer Waverley, built in 1947, is the last survivor of these fleets, and the last seagoing paddle steamer in the world. This ship sails a full season of cruises every year from places around Britain, and has sailed across the English Channel for a visit to commemorate the sinking of her predecessor, built in 1899, at the Battle of Dunkirk in 1940.

text: After the Clyde, the Thames estuary was the main growth area for steamboats, starting with the Margery and the Thames in 1815, which were both brought down from the Clyde. Until the arrival of railways from 1838 onwards, steamers steadily took over the role of the many sail and rowed ferries, with at least 80 ferries by 1830 with routes from London to Gravesend and Margate, and upstream to Richmond. By 1835, the Diamond Steam Packet Company, one of several popular companies, reported that it had carried over 250,000 passengers in the year.[51]

text: The first steamboat constructed of iron, the Aaron Manby was laid down in the Horseley Ironworks in Staffordshire in 1821 and launched at the Surrey Docks in Rotherhithe. After testing in the Thames, the boat steamed to Paris where she was used on the River Seine. Three similar iron steamers followed within a few years.

text:
Bellis steam launch engine

A Bellis steam launch engine, made in Birmingham, and now in Thinktank museum there

Problems playing this file? See media help.

tag: table

text: There are few genuine steamboats left on the River Thames; however, a handful remain.

text: The SL (steam launch) Nuneham is a genuine Victorian steamer built in 1898, and operated on the non-tidal upper Thames by the Thames Steam Packet Boat Company. It is berthed at Runnymede.

text: SL Nuneham was built at Port Brimscombe on the Thames and Severn Canal by Edwin Clarke. She was built for Salter Bros at Oxford for the regular passenger service between Oxford and Kingston. The original Sissons triple-expansion steam engine was removed in the 1960s and replaced with a diesel engine. In 1972, the SL Nuneham was sold to a London boat operator and entered service on the Westminster Pier to Hampton Court service. In 1984 the boat was sold again – now practically derelict – to French Brothers Ltd at Runnymede as a restoration project.

text: Over a number of years French Brothers carefully restored the launch to its former specification. A similar Sissons triple-expansion engine was found in a museum in America, shipped back to the UK and installed, along with a new coal-fired Scotch boiler, designed and built by Alan McEwen of Keighley, Yorkshire. The superstructure was reconstructed to the original design and elegance, including the raised roof, wood panelled saloon and open top deck. The restoration was completed in 1997 and the launch was granted an MCA passenger certificate for 106 passengers. SL Nuneham was entered back into service by French Brothers Ltd, but trading as the Thames Steam Packet Boat Company.

text: European[edit]

text: Built in 1856, PS Skibladner is the oldest steamship still in operation, serving towns along lake Mjøsa in Norway.

text: In Denmark, steamboats were a popular means of transportation in earlier times, mostly for recreational purposes. They were deployed to carry passengers for short distances along the coastline or across larger lakes. Falling out of favour later on, some of the original boats are still in operation in a few places, such as Hjejlen. Built in 1861, this steamboat is running second to the Norwegian Skibladner as the oldest steamship in operation and sails the lake of Julsø near Silkeborg.

text: The 1912 steamer TSS Earnslaw still makes regular sight-seeing trips across Lake Wakatipu, an alpine lake near Queenstown, New Zealand.

text: Swiss lakes are home of a number of large steamships. On Lake Lucerne, five paddle steamers are still in service: Uri (1901) (de) (built in 1901, 800 passengers), Unterwalden (1902) (de) (1902, 800 passengers), Schiller (1906) (de) (1906, 900 passengers), Gallia (Schiff, 1913) (de) (1913, 900 passengers, fastest paddle-wheeler on European lakes) and Stadt Luzern (Schiff, 1928) (de) (1928, 1200 passengers, last steamship built for a Swiss lake). There are also five steamers as well as some old steamships converted to diesel-powered paddlewheelers on Lake Geneva, two steamers on Lake Zurich and single ones on other lakes.

text: In Austria the paddle-wheeler Gisela (1871) (de) (250 passengers) of 1871 vintage continues in service on Traunsee.

text: Vietnam[edit]

text: Seeing the great potential of the steam powered-vessels, Vietnamese Emperor Minh Mạng attempted to reproduce a French-made steamboat.[52] The first test in 1838 was a failure as the boiler was broken. The task supervisor was chained and two officials Nguyễn Trung Mậu, Ngô Kim Lân from the Ministry of Construction were jailed for false report. The project was assigned again to Hoàng Văn Lịch and Võ Huy Trinh. In the second test two months later, the engine performed greatly. The Emperor rewarded the two handsomely. He commented that although this machine could be purchased from the Westerner, it is important that his engineers and mechanics could acquaint themselves with modern machinery. Therefore no expense was too great.[53] Encouraged by the success, Minh Mạng ordered the engineers to study and develop steam engines and steamers to equip his naval fleets. At the end of Minh Mạng 's reign there were 3 steamers produced named Yến Phi, Vân Phi and Vụ Phi.[54] However, his successor could not maintain the industry due to financial problems, worsened by many years of social unrest under his rule.

text: Images[edit]

text:
1736 steamboat English patent.

Robert Fulton's Clermont.

The Élise (ex Scottish-built Marjorie).

"Enterprise on her fast trip to Louisville, 1815"

Elizaveta, The first Russian steamship, 1815

Left: original paddlewheel from a paddle steamer on the lake of Lucerne. Right: detail of a steamer.

PS Waverley leaving Dunoon on the Firth of Clyde.

730-foot lake freighter Edward L Ryerson Welland

Paddle steamer PS Waverley steaming down the Firth of Clyde.

Turbine steamer TS Queen Mary.

SS Shieldhall steams down the Firth of Clyde.

SS United States laid up in Philadelphia.

Sky Wonder last steam powered cruise ship built 1984

Belle of Louisville

Natchez

Delta Queen racing

Delta King

Belle of Cincinnati, a participant in the Great Steamboat Race

tag: ul


document_title: Sponsor (legislative)

question_text: how many co sponsors can a bill have

question_tokens: how many co sponsors can a bill have

text: Sponsor (legislative)

text: A sponsor or patron is a person, usually a legislator, who presents a bill or resolution for consideration. Those who support it are known as cosponsors or copatrons.

text: U.S. Congress[edit]

text: A sponsor in the United States Congress is the first member of the House or Senate to be listed among the potentially numerous lawmakers who introduce a bill for consideration.[1] Committees are occasionally identified as sponsors of legislation as well. A sponsor is also sometimes called a "primary sponsor."[2]

text: It should not be assumed that a bill's sponsor actually drafted it. The bill may have been drafted by a staff member, by an interest group, or by others.[3] In the Senate, multiple sponsorship of a bill is permitted.[2]

text: In contrast to a sponsor, a "cosponsor" is a senator or representative who adds his or her name as a supporter to the sponsor's bill. An "initial cosponsor" or "original cosponsor" is a senator or representative who was listed as a cosponsor at the time of a bill's introduction, rather than added as a cosponsor later on.[2] A cosponsor added later is known as an "additional cosponsor".[2] Some bills have hundreds of cosponsors.[4]


document_title: European Golden Shoe

question_text: who has won the golden boot in 2018

question_tokens: who has won the golden boot in 2018

text: European Golden Shoe

text: History[edit]

text: Between 1968 and 1991, the award was given to the highest goalscorer in any European league. This was regardless of the strength of the league in which the top scorer played and the number of games in which the player had taken part. During this period Eusébio, Gerd Müller, Dudu Georgescu and Fernando Gomes each won the Golden Boot twice.[1]

text: Following a protest from the Cyprus FA, which claimed that a Cypriot player with 40 goals should have received the award (though the official top scorers for the season are both listed with 19 goals), L'Équipe issued no awards between 1991 and 1996.

text: Since the 1996–97 season, European Sports Media have awarded the Golden Shoe based on a points system that allows players in tougher leagues to win even if they score fewer goals than a player in a weaker league. The weightings are determined by the league's ranking on the UEFA coefficients, which in turn depend on the results of each league's clubs in European competition over the previous five seasons. Goals scored in the top five leagues according to the UEFA coefficients list are multiplied by a factor of two, goals scored in the leagues ranked six to 21 are multiplied by a factor of 1.5, and goals scored in leagues ranked 22 and below are multiplied by a factor of 1.[2] Thus, goals scored in higher ranked leagues will count for more than those scored in weaker leagues.[3] Since this change, there has only been one winner who was not playing in one of the top five leagues (Henrik Larsson, 2000–01 Scottish Premier League).

text: Winners[edit]

text:
^

Denotes player's team won league that season

Player (X)

Denotes the number of times the player had won the award at that time

Team (X)

Denotes the number of times a player from this team had won at that time

text:
European Golden Shoe winners

Season

Nationality

Player

Club

League

Goals

Points

Winners were awarded by L'Équipe

1967–68

 Portugal

Eusébio

Benfica^

 Primeira Liga

7001420000000000000♠42

&—

1968–69

 Bulgaria

Petar Zhekov

CSKA Sofia^

 Parva Liga

7001360000000000000♠36

&—

1969–70

 West Germany

Gerd Müller

Bayern Munich

 Bundesliga

7001380000000000000♠38

&—

1970–71

 Yugoslavia

Josip Skoblar

Marseille^

 Ligue 1

7001440000000000000♠44

&—

1971–72

 West Germany

Gerd Müller (2)

Bayern Munich^ (2)

 Bundesliga

7001400000000000000♠40

&—

1972–73

 Portugal

Eusébio (2)

Benfica^ (2)

 Primeira Liga

7001400000000000000♠40

&—

1973–74

 Argentina

Héctor Yazalde

Sporting CP^

 Primeira Liga

7001460000000000000♠46

&—

1974–75

 Romania

Dudu Georgescu

Dinamo București^

 Liga I

7001330000000000000♠33

&—

1975–76

 Cyprus

Sotiris Kaiafas

Omonia Nicosia^

 First Division

7001390000000000000♠39

&—

1976–77

 Romania

Dudu Georgescu (2)

Dinamo București^ (2)

 Liga I

7001470000000000000♠47

&—

1977–78

 Austria

Hans Krankl

Rapid Wien

 Bundesliga

7001410000000000000♠41

&—

1978–79

 Netherlands

Kees Kist

AZ

 Eredivisie

7001340000000000000♠34

&—

1979–80

 Belgium

Erwin Vandenbergh

Lierse

 First Division

7001390000000000000♠39

&—

1980–81

 Bulgaria

Georgi Slavkov

Botev Plovdiv

 Parva Liga

7001310000000000000♠31

&—

1981–82

 Netherlands

Wim Kieft

Ajax^

 Eredivisie

7001320000000000000♠32

&—

1982–83

 Portugal

Fernando Gomes

Porto

 Primeira Liga

7001360000000000000♠36

&—

1983–84

 Wales

Ian Rush

Liverpool^

 First Division

7001320000000000000♠32

&—

1984–85

 Portugal

Fernando Gomes (2)

Porto^ (2)

 Primeira Liga

7001390000000000000♠39

&—

1985–86

 Netherlands

Marco van Basten

Ajax (2)

 Eredivisie

7001370000000000000♠37

&—

1986–87

 Austria

Toni Polster[a]

FK Austria Wien

 Bundesliga

7001390000000000000♠39

&—

1987–88

 Turkey

Tanju Çolak

Galatasaray^

 Süper Lig

7001390000000000000♠39

&—

1988–89

 Romania

Dorin Mateuț

Dinamo București (3)

 Liga I

7001430000000000000♠43

&—

1989–90

 Mexico

Hugo Sánchez

Real Madrid^

 La Liga

7001380000000000000♠38

&—

 Bulgaria

Hristo Stoichkov

CSKA Sofia^ (2)

 A PFG

1990–91[b]

 Yugoslavia

Darko Pančev

Red Star Belgrade^

 First League

7001340000000000000♠34

&—

Winners were initially not awarded

1991–92

 Scotland

Ally McCoist

Rangers^

 Premier Division

7001340000000000000♠34

&—

1992–93

 Scotland

Ally McCoist (2)

Rangers^ (2)

 Premier Division

7001340000000000000♠34

&—

1993–94

 Wales

David Taylor

Porthmadog

 League of Wales

7001430000000000000♠43

&—

1994–95

 Armenia

Arsen Avetisyan

Homenetmen

 Premier League

7001390000000000000♠39

&—

1995–96

 Georgia

Zviad Endeladze

Margveti

 Umaglesi Liga

7001400000000000000♠40

&—

Winners were awarded by European Sports Media

1996–97

 Brazil

Ronaldo

Barcelona

 La Liga

7001340000000000000♠34

7001680000000000000♠68

1997–98

 Greece

Nikos Machlas

Vitesse Arnhem

 Eredivisie

7001340000000000000♠34

7001680000000000000♠68

1998–99

 Brazil

Mário Jardel

Porto (3)

 Primeira Liga

7001360000000000000♠36

7001720000000000000♠72

1999–2000

 England

Kevin Phillips

Sunderland

 Premier League

7001300000000000000♠30

7001600000000000000♠60

2000–01

 Sweden

Henrik Larsson

Celtic^

 Premier League

7001350000000000000♠35

7001525000000000000♠52.5

2001–02

 Brazil

Mário Jardel (2)

Sporting CP^ (2)

 Primeira Liga

7001420000000000000♠42

7001840000000000000♠84

2002–03

 Netherlands

Roy Makaay

Deportivo La Coruña

 La Liga

7001290000000000000♠29

7001580000000000000♠58

2003–04

 France

Thierry Henry

Arsenal^

 Premier League

7001300000000000000♠30

7001600000000000000♠60

2004–05

 France

Thierry Henry (2)

Arsenal (2)

 Premier League

7001250000000000000♠25

7001500000000000000♠50

 Uruguay

Diego Forlán

Villarreal

 La Liga

2005–06

 Italy

Luca Toni

Fiorentina

 Serie A

7001310000000000000♠31

7001620000000000000♠62

2006–07

 Italy

Francesco Totti

Roma

 Serie A

7001260000000000000♠26

7001520000000000000♠52

2007–08

 Portugal

 Cristiano Ronaldo

Manchester United^

 Premier League

7001310000000000000♠31

7001620000000000000♠62

2008–09

 Uruguay

Diego Forlán (2)

Atlético Madrid

 La Liga

7001320000000000000♠32

7001640000000000000♠64

2009–10

 Argentina

Lionel Messi

Barcelona^ (2)

 La Liga

7001340000000000000♠34

7001680000000000000♠68

2010–11

 Portugal

 Cristiano Ronaldo (2)

Real Madrid (2)

 La Liga

7001400000000000000♠40

7001800000000000000♠80

2011–12

 Argentina

Lionel Messi (2)

Barcelona (3)

 La Liga

7001500000000000000♠50

7002100000000000000♠100

2012–13

 Argentina

Lionel Messi (3)

Barcelona^ (4)

 La Liga

7001460000000000000♠46

7001920000000000000♠92

2013–14

 Uruguay

Luis Suárez

Liverpool (2)

 Premier League

7001310000000000000♠31

7001620000000000000♠62

 Portugal

 Cristiano Ronaldo (3)

Real Madrid (3)

 La Liga

2014–15

 Portugal

 Cristiano Ronaldo (4)

Real Madrid (4)

 La Liga

7001480000000000000♠48

7001960000000000000♠96

2015–16

 Uruguay

Luis Suárez (2)

Barcelona^ (5)

 La Liga

7001400000000000000♠40

7001800000000000000♠80

2016–17

 Argentina

Lionel Messi (4)

Barcelona (6)

 La Liga

7001370000000000000♠37

7001740000000000000♠74

2017–18

 Argentina

Lionel Messi (5)

Barcelona^ (7)

 La Liga

7001340000000000000♠34

7001680000000000000♠68

text:
Jump up ^ Original 1986–87 season winner Rodion Cămătaru (with 44 goals) was disqualified later and the trophy was awarded to Polster in 1990. However, Camataru was allowed to keep his copy of the trophy.[4]

Jump up ^ Darko Pančev got his prize for 1990–91 season later, only in 2006,[5] following a protest from Cyprus where a player supposedly scored 40 goals (though the official topscorers for the season, Suad Beširević and Panayiotis Xiourouppas, are listed with 19 goals each). Due to this affair, France Football decided to make the competition unofficial.[4]

tag: ol

text: Top 10 results by year[edit]

text: 2017–18 European Golden Shoe result[edit]

text:
Rank

Player

League

Club

Goals

Points

1

 Lionel Messi

 La Liga

Barcelona

34

68

2

 Mohamed Salah

 Premier League

Liverpool

32

64

3

 Harry Kane

 Premier League

Tottenham Hotspur

30

60

4

 Ciro Immobile

 Serie A

Lazio

29

58

 Mauro Icardi

 Serie A

Internazionale

 Robert Lewandowski

 Bundesliga

Bayern Munich

7

 Edinson Cavani

 Ligue 1

Paris Saint-Germain

28

56

8

 Cristiano Ronaldo

 La Liga

Real Madrid

26

52

9

 Jonas

 Primeira Liga

Benfica

34

51

10

 Luis Suárez

 La Liga

Barcelona

25

50

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Multiple winners[edit]

text: Lionel Messi is the only player to win the award five times, all with Barcelona. Messi holds the all-time record for goals in a single season with 50 in 2011–12; it also accumulated to a record 100 points. Messi was also the youngest player to win the award for a 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th time. Bayern Munich's Gerd Müller was the first player to win the award twice, in 1969–70 and 1971–72. Messi was the first player to win the award three times, Cristiano Ronaldo was the first player to win the award four times, and Messi again was the first, and so far only, player to win it five times. Only Ally McCoist (1991–92, 1992–93), Thierry Henry (2003–04, 2004–05), Lionel Messi (2011–12, 2012–13 and 2016–17, 2017–18), and Cristiano Ronaldo (2013–14, 2014–15) have won the award in consecutive years. Diego Forlán (Villarreal, Atlético Madrid), Luis Suárez (Liverpool, Barcelona), Mário Jardel (Porto, Sporting CP) and Cristiano Ronaldo (Manchester United, Real Madrid) are the only players to have won the award with two clubs.

text:
Multiple European Golden Shoe winners

Player

Birthdate

No.

Seasons

Age making record

 Lionel Messi

24 June 1987

7000500000000000000♠5

2009–10, 2011–12, 2012–13, 2016–17, 2017–18

2, 3, 4, 5 golden shoe when 24, 26, 29, 30 years old, respectively

  Cristiano Ronaldo

5 February 1985

7000400000000000000♠4

2007–08, 2010–11, 2013–14 (shared), 2014–15

2, 3, 4 golden shoe when 26, 29, 30 years old, respectively

 Eusébio

25 January 1942

7000200000000000000♠2

1967–68, 1972–73

31

 Gerd Müller

3 November 1945

7000200000000000000♠2

1969–70, 1971–72

26

 Dudu Georgescu

1 September 1950

7000200000000000000♠2

1974–75, 1976–77

26

 Fernando Gomes

22 November 1956

7000200000000000000♠2

1982–83, 1984–85

28

 Ally McCoist

24 September 1962

7000200000000000000♠2

1991–92, 1992–93

30

 Mário Jardel

18 September 1973

7000200000000000000♠2

1998–99, 2001–02

28

 Thierry Henry

17 August 1977

7000200000000000000♠2

2003–04, 2004–05 (shared)

28

 Diego Forlán

19 May 1979

7000200000000000000♠2

2004–05 (shared), 2008–09

30

 Luis Suárez

24 January 1987

7000200000000000000♠2

2013–14 (shared), 2015–16

29

text: Winners by club[edit]

text:
European Golden Shoe winners by club

Team

Total

Players

 Barcelona

8

3

 Real Madrid

4

2

 Dinamo București

3

2

 Porto

3

2

 CSKA Sofia

2

2

 Liverpool

2

2

 Ajax

2

2

 Sporting CP

2

2

 Arsenal

2

1

 Bayern Munich

2

1

 Benfica

2

1

 Rangers

2

1

 Homenetmen

1

1

 Austria Wien

1

1

 Rapid Wien

1

1

 Lierse

1

1

 Botev Plovdiv

1

1

 Omonia Nicosia

1

1

 Manchester United

1

1

 Sunderland

1

1

 Marseille

1

1

 Zestafoni

1

1

 Fiorentina

1

1

 Roma

1

1

 AZ

1

1

 Vitesse

1

1

 Celtic

1

1

 Atlético Madrid

1

1

 Deportivo La Coruña

1

1

 Villarreal

1

1

 Galatasaray

1

1

 Porthmadog

1

1

 Red Star Belgrade

1

1

text: Winners by nationality[edit]

text:
European Golden Shoe winners by nationality

Nationality

Total

Player(s)

 Portugal

8

3

 Argentina

6

2

 Netherlands

4

4

 Uruguay

4

2

 Bulgaria

3

3

 Romania

3

2

 Brazil

3

2

 Austria

2

2

 Italy

2

2

 Wales

2

2

 Yugoslavia

2

2

 France

2

1

 West Germany

2

1

 Scotland

2

1

 Armenia

1

1

 Belgium

1

1

 Cyprus

1

1

 England

1

1

 Georgia

1

1

 Greece

1

1

 Mexico

1

1

 Sweden

1

1

 Turkey

1

1

text: Winners by league[edit]

text:
European Golden Shoe winners by league

league

Total

Player(s)

 La Liga

14

7

 Primeira Liga

7

4

 Premier League

5

4

 Eredivisie

4

4

 Parva Liga

3

3

 Premier Division

3

2

 Liga I

3

2

 Serie A

2

2

 Bundesliga

2

2

 Bundesliga

2

1

 Ligue 1

1

1

 First Division

1

1

 Division A

1

1

 Süper Lig

1

1

 First League

1

1

 Premier League

1

1

 Premier League

1

1

 Umaglesi Liga

1

1

 First Division

1

1