document_title: Horizon Zero Dawn

question_text: who made the machines in horizon zero dawn

root

text: Horizon Zero Dawn

text: Gameplay[edit]

text: Horizon Zero Dawn is an action role-playing game played from a third-person perspective.[1][2] Players take control of Aloy, a hunter and archer, as she ventures through a post-apocalyptic land ruled by robotic creatures known simply as "machines".[3][4] Aloy can kill enemies in a variety of ways, such as by setting traps like tripwires using the Tripcaster,[5][6] shooting them with arrows,[7] using explosives,[8] and using a spear.[9] Machine components, including electricity and the metal they are composed of, are vital to Aloy's survival, and she can loot their corpses to find useful resources for crafting.[7][10] Ammo, resource satchels, pouches, quivers; resistance, antidotes, health potions, and traps are all amenable to crafting.[11] Weapons have modification slots for dealing more damage.[12] A small head piece that Aloy wears called a Focus allows her to scan machines to determine their susceptibilities,[13] identify their location, the particular level they possess, and the nature of loot they will drop.[4] One machine, the Stalker, can enable cloaking technology as a means of averting the gaze of Aloy's Focus scan.[14] Machines attack by way of defensive and offensive measures, and will in either case react to a perceived threat by charging at it with brute force or projectiles. As they exhibit the behaviour of wild animals, some machines are inclined to move in herds and others, possessing the ability of flight, do so in flocks. Unless hacked with the Override Tool, machines will not exert aggressive force against each other.[6] Aloy also engages in battle with members of the cult known as the Eclipse, who are occasionally flanked by corrupted machines.[15] Aloy may dodge, sprint, slide, or roll to evade her enemies' advances.[16]

tag: p

text: Aloy can also hide in foliage and ambush nearby enemies to ensure immediate takedowns.[7] Swimming can be used to reach enemies stealthily or places otherwise unreachable on foot.[6] Furthermore, she is able to hack a selection of machines with the Override Tool, turning them into makeshift mounts or traveling companions.[9][17] Explorable ruins called Cauldrons exist to unlock additional machines to override.[18] There are three categories in the skill tree: "Prowler" concerns stealth, "Brave" improves combat, and "Forager" increases healing and gathering capabilities.[19] To level up, Aloy attains experience points from individual kills and completing quests.[20] Upgrades in each category result in more adept use of the skills learned, with "Prowler" leading to silent takedowns, "Brave" leading to aiming a bow in slow motion, and "Forager" leading to enlarging the medicine pouch.[21][22]

text: The game features an open world environment with a day-night cycle and dynamic weather system which can be seamlessly explored.[10][23][24] The map is composed of forest, jungle, desert, and snowy mountain regions.[25][18] Mountainous terrain is traversed with the employment of parkour,[26] and aided by the use of zip-lines installed throughout the world.[27] Corruption Zones constitute areas that heighten difficulty and are populated by corrupted machines that behave with more aggression.[9] To uncover more of the map, one must scale large giraffe-like machines known as Tallnecks.[28] Twenty-five robotic creature designs are present in the game.[29] Save points and fast travel can be accessed by interacting with campfires, once discovered.[19] The quest structure unfolds to accommodate the exploration of tribes, while the main story covers the entire world.[30] Side quests involve Aloy completing tasks, like gathering materials, coming to the aid of individuals in danger of being killed, solving mysteries, assuming control of bandit camps, eliminating criminals and more difficult machines, accomplishing various challenges at any of the five Hunting Grounds,[31][6] and obtaining an ancient armour that makes Aloy almost impervious to damage.[12] A dialogue wheel is used to communicate with non-playable characters.[13] Collectibles include vantages that offer visual information of the Old World, metal flowers, which when acquired contain poetry, and old relics, such as ancient mugs and tribal artefacts.[32]

text: Plot[edit]

text: Setting[edit]

text: The story is set in the 31st century, in a world where humans have regressed to primitive tribal societies as a result of some unknown calamity. Their technologically advanced predecessors are vaguely remembered as the "Old Ones." Large robotic creatures known merely as "machines" now dominate the Earth. For the most part, they peacefully coexist with humans, who occasionally hunt them for parts. However, a phenomenon known as the "Derangement" has caused machines to become more aggressive towards humans, and larger and deadlier machines have begun to appear. There are three tribes that are prominently featured: the Nora, the Carja, and the Oseram. The Nora are fierce hunter-gatherers who live in the mountains and worship nature as the "All-Mother." The Carja are desert-dwelling city builders who worship the Sun. The Oseram are tinkerers known for their metalworking, brewing, and arguing.[6]

text: Synopsis[edit]

text: Aloy was cast out from the Nora tribe at birth, raised by an outcast named Rost (JB Blanc). As a child, she obtained a Focus, a small augmented reality device that gives her special perceptive abilities. After coming of age, Aloy (Ashly Burch) enters a competition called the Proving to win the right to become a Nora Brave, and by extension, a member of the Nora tribe. Aloy wins the competition, but the Nora are suddenly attacked by cultists. Aloy is almost killed by their leader Helis (Crispin Freeman), but is saved by Rost, who sacrifices himself to save Aloy from a bomb. When Aloy awakes, a Matriarch explains that the cultists had gained control of corrupted machines. Aloy also learns that as an infant, she was found at the foot of a sealed door. An Oseram foreigner called Olin (Chook Sibtain) informs Aloy that the cultists are part of a group calling themselves the Eclipse. Olin indicates that the reason Aloy was targeted by the Eclipse was due to her resemblance to an Old World scientist named Dr. Elisabet Sobeck (also voiced by Burch).[6][33]

text: Aloy locates the remnants of the company Faro Automated Solutions and discovers that the old world was destroyed nearly 1000 years ago after Faro lost control of its automated "peacekeeper" military robots. The robots, which could self-replicate and consumed biomass as fuel, overran the planet and consumed the biosphere, stripping Earth of all life. Project Zero Dawn, a top secret project spearheaded by Dr. Sobeck, was a plan to create an automated terraforming system to eventually shut the robots down and restore life to Earth. Aloy is then contacted by Sylens (Lance Reddick), a secretive figure interested in uncovering what happened to the "Old Ones". Aloy eventually learns that Dr. Sobeck was sent to an Orbital Launch Base to complete Zero Dawn and Sylens reveals that the base is located under the Citadel, the centre of Eclipse power. Aloy heads for the base and inside, she learns that Zero Dawn was a vast underground system of databases, factories, and cloning facilities all controlled by a single artificial intelligence named GAIA (Lesley Ewen). Once all life had been extinguished, GAIA developed a countermeasure to deactivate all of the Faro robots and then build its own robots to restore the Earth's biosphere. Once the planet was habitable again, GAIA reseeded life on Earth based on stored DNA and taught the first human clones not to repeat their predecessors' past mistakes. It is also revealed that HADES was one of GAIA's subsystems designed to enact controlled extinction if the outcome of Zero Dawn was not favourable for human existence. Aloy reaches Dr. Sobeck's office, where she downloads a registry to give her access to the door from which she was born. She is captured by Helis and sentenced to death at the Citadel, but escapes with the help of Sylens.[6][33]

text: Aloy helps the Nora tribe fight off the Eclipse and then enters the door beneath the Nora mountain. She finds a recording left behind by GAIA, revealing that a signal of unknown origin caused HADES to activate and seize control of her functions. As a last resort, GAIA self-destructed in order to stop HADES. Without GAIA to maintain the terraforming process, the entire system began to break down. As a contingency plan, GAIA created a clone of Dr. Sobeck in the form of Aloy, in the hope that she would find GAIA's message, destroy HADES, and restore GAIA's functions. Aloy learns that Dr. Sobeck sacrificed her life to ensure the Faro robot swarm would not find GAIA. Aloy manages to obtain the System Override necessary to destroy HADES. Sylens admits that he was the original founder of the Eclipse, originally tempted by HADES' promises of knowledge. With Sylens's help, Aloy surmises that HADES wants to send a signal to reactivate the Faro robots so that they can once again extinguish all life on Earth. Aloy kills Helis and helps fight off waves of corrupted machines, before stabbing HADES with Sylens' lance, ending the war. Aloy then journeys to Dr. Sobeck's old home, where she finds her corpse, and has a moment of mourning for her predecessor. In a post-credits scene, HADES is shown to still be alive, but trapped by Sylens, who intends to interrogate HADES to find out who sent the signal that activated it in the first place.[6]

text: Development[edit]

text: Guerrilla Games began developing Horizon Zero Dawn in 2011, following the release of Killzone 3.[34] When conceiving the idea for a new game, about 40 concepts were pitched. Among these was Horizon Zero Dawn, which game director Mathijs de Jonge considered "the most risky" of the concepts[35] and was first pitched in 2010 by art director Jan-Bart van Beek.[36] When this concept was chosen, a team of 10–20 began building prototypes of the game; many of the elements featured in the prototypes remained in the game throughout development. Approximately 20 different stories were written for the game, exploring varying concepts for the game, such as different player characters. John Gonzalez, who previously acted as lead writer for Fallout: New Vegas (2010), was hired to write the game's story. The main elements of the story and the character of Aloy remained intact since early development.[35][36] Upon the completion of Killzone Shadow Fall in late 2013, the remainder of the staff began working on Horizon Zero Dawn.[37] Guerrilla also cancelled work on another title so as to allow the entire team to focus on the development of Horizon.[38] Sony would later admit to being reluctant about having the main character be female and conducted focus testing to see if such a decision was marketable.[39] It had an estimated budget of over €45 million.[40]

text: The game's concept explores the juxtaposition between the danger and beauty of the world, particularly analysing the concept of humanity not being the dominant species. The team aimed to emphasise the game's exploration element by featuring a quest system, as well as including items throughout the world that can be used to craft or replenish health.[35] The game does not feature any tutorials, instead requiring players to learn the methods of defeating enemies through trial and error.[41] The team wished for the game to have a simple user interface design, specifically avoiding complicated menus for crafting, and considered the game to be a technical challenge.[42] They felt that the game engine, Decima,[43] which was designed for games such as the Killzone series and was previously used for Killzone Shadow Fall,[44] was difficult to alter for Horizon, in terms of draw distance and loading. To discover how some game elements work differently in open world games, the team sought help from talent in the design, art and technical fields.[42] In extrapolating the game world, Guerrilla turned to anthropologists and researched the formation of tribal cultures as well as how building materials would decay over a millennium.[36] The game's quest system and narrative design took inspiration from other role-playing video games, ranging from the "Relaxed" quest design of RPG Maker games to the "Strict" quest design of hack and slash games. They defined "Relaxed" quest design as having few centralised systems for managing quest progression, and "Strict" quest design as having a rigid structure and predefined elements, with the team deciding for Horizon to lean somewhat more towards the latter.[45][46]

text: The involvement of Lance Reddick and Ashly Burch was revealed in January 2017.[29][47] Burch voiced Aloy,[29] whose likeness was portrayed by Hannah Hoekstra[48] and motion capture was performed by Amanda Piery in London. Following an auditioning process in 2014, Burch was called in to do the E3 2015 trailer and worked on the game for two years, providing facial motion capture as well. Her work was done in Los Angeles, with the Dutch developer brought in via Skype.[49]

text: The game's soundtrack was composed by Joris de Man, The Flight, and Niels van der Leest, with vocalist Julie Elven serving as the primary performer.[50] Lucas van Tol, music supervisor and senior sound designer, provided the composers with a game design document, insisting on an intimate sound for the score. For the tribal theme, they experimented with bows on piano wire and resonator guitars (with layered tracks of harmonicas on top of the latter) and playing cellos with plectrums or the back of a bow to convey how contemporary instruments would be played by someone to whom the instruments were unknown; de Man also used a contrabass flute and made synth pads from blowing on a Thai bamboo flute, noting "distant pads and ambiences, and wide, spread out chords seemed to work well". Circuit-bent synthesizers and percussive loops, run through impulse responses of metal and iron being beaten, were devoted to making a thematic identifier for the machines based on technology and metal. Van Tol required that the music be supplied in stems so that different pieces could be combined. The positive response to the first E3 trailer's main theme led it to be included in the main menu. The composers also did the motion capture for diegetic music vignettes, portraying in-game tribal musicians.[51][52] The game's soundtrack, featuring 80 tracks that span over four hours, was released across digital music platforms on 10 March 2017.[53][54]

text: Release[edit]

text: The concept art as well as the game's codename, Horizon, were leaked in September 2014.[55] Horizon Zero Dawn was officially announced during Sony Interactive Entertainment's E3 2015 press conference.[56] The game was featured as the cover story in the September 2015 issue of Edge and the October 2016 issue of Game Informer.[57][58] At E3 2016, Sony had a life-sized cosplay version of one of the machines greet the trade show attendees.[59] Originally set to be released in 2016, the game was later delayed to February 2017 so as to give additional time for the development team to polish the game.[60] It was released to manufacturing in late January 2017.[61] The game launched to North American markets on 28 February 2017, in Europe, Australia and New Zealand on 1 March and Asia on 2 March for the PlayStation 4.[62][63] Horizon Zero Dawn is forward compatible with the PS4 Pro,[27] allowing it to run up to 4K resolution.[64] In April 2017, a 47-minute documentary about the making of Horizon Zero Dawn was released by Dutch public television.[65] By March 2017, a story expansion had already been set in motion.[66] New Game Plus, an Ultra Hard difficulty mode, additional trophies and aesthetic features were introduced with a patch released in July 2017.[67] The expansion, The Frozen Wilds, launched on 7 November 2017.[68][69] Horizon Zero Dawn: Complete Edition, which contains the base game, The Frozen Wilds, and all additional downloadable content, was released on 5 December 2017.[70]

text: Reception[edit]

text:
Reception

Aggregate score

Aggregator
Score

Metacritic
89/100[71]

Review scores

Publication
Score

Destructoid
7.5/10[72]

EGM
9/10[26]

Game Informer
8.75/10[73]

GameSpot
9/10[74]

GamesRadar
[75]

Giant Bomb
[76]

IGN
9.3/10[77]

Polygon
9.5/10[78]

VideoGamer.com
8/10[79]

text: Horizon Zero Dawn received "generally favorable" reviews from critics, according to review aggregator Metacritic.[71] The open world exploration, the story's depth, the visual aesthetics, the challenging combat, the character development of Aloy and voice actress Ashly Burch's performance were acclaimed by reviewers, while contradicting dialogue, aspects of the melee combat and character models faced the most reproval.

text: Destructoid's Chris Carter commended Ashly Burch and Lance Reddick for their performances, with the character of Aloy receiving credit for maintaining a "captivating" and "interesting" consistency in the narrative and action sequences. Carter also lauded the focus on exploration and discovery, which he said grew more effective as he traversed more of the land. The game world itself was subject to compliment for its "beautiful" day-night cycle and weather system. According to Carter, the challenging nature of the machines and varied methods with which to battle them brought a real sense of fun to the combat.[72] Matt Buchholtz of EGMNow likewise praised Burch as well as the game world, which he found to be mesmerising. Thought as the most powerful part of the game, the Focus feature gained approval for complementing the combat in a way that "forces you to become a hunter".[26] Writing for Game Informer, Jeff Marchiafava opined that, unlike with other open world video games, searching for audio logs and emails provided the plot with a "remarkable sense of discovery". He was thankful that story-based missions dominated the overall experience, arguing that they worked to detail the game world and inspired variation in the gameplay.[73]

text: Peter Brown at GameSpot reflected on Aloy's character development with amazement, adding that the process matured Aloy and grew her confidence. One constant thrill to Brown came from combating the machines, which he said took the spotlight and never lost its flair. He appreciated also that the main quests encouraged one to explore the environment.[74] Zoe Delahunty-Light, writing for GamesRadar, was fascinated with the intricacies of the game world and found integral value in the lore scattered among the ruins. She echoed Brown's view that fighting machines maintained excitement throughout.[75] Giant Bomb's Jeff Gerstmann declared Horizon Zero Dawn as "a near-perfect story" with a satisfying conclusion, and emphasised that it contained substantial depth.[76] Lucy O'Brien at IGN admired its weight in meaning, while welcoming the charm of the protagonist's personality. A considerable impression was made with the combat, which was stated as the game's most compelling accomplishment.[77] Writing for Polygon, Philip Kollar applauded the game as what he dubbed the "refutation" of Guerrilla Games' past work, a change of pace he described as "refreshing". Aloy was observed to be perfectly coupled with the story in that she offered the curiosity to seek out its many mysteries. Kollar perceived the Focus as "key to combat" and the machines as engaging foes in battle.[78] Colm Ahern of VideoGamer.com wrote in his verdict, "Destroying large robot beasts while frantically switching between weapons is intoxicating, but the strength of Horizon Zero Dawn is in Aloy's engaging quest to find out who she really is".[79]

text: Conversely, Carter saw the characters beyond Aloy and Sylens as uninteresting and bland in their designs. He also disparaged the human artificial intelligence as being worse than that of the machines.[72] To Buchholtz, the weapon system in relation to ammunition appeared convoluted; the ability to only purchase one item at a time "a massive oversight"; and Aloy's ability to only grab marked ledges was confusing for a "parkour master".[26] Marchiafava's only major criticism was that it held too familiar roots with established open world formula.[73] Although Brown drew enjoyment from other aspects of combat, he disparaged the melee for its ineffectiveness and simplicity.[74] Delahunty-Light concurred that the melee fell short of its potential, and also took issue with the jumping mechanic.[75] O'Brien felt the dialogue occasionally contradicted the otherwise intelligent narrative.[77] Kollar bemoaned the character models as Horizon Zero Dawn's one visual shortcoming.[78]

text: Game director Yoko Taro listed Horizon Zero Dawn as one of his favourite PlayStation 4 games.[80] Entertainment Weekly ranked the game fourth on their list of the "Best Games of 2017",[81] while Eurogamer ranked it 31st on their list of the "Top 50 Games of 2017".[82] In Game Informer's Reader's Choice Best of 2017 Awards, it took the lead for "Best Sony Game", while it came up in second place for both "Best Action Game" and "Game of the Year".[83][84] The website also gave it the award for "Best Sony Exclusive" in their Best of 2017 Awards", and also gave it the awards for "Best Story" and "Best Character" (Aloy) in their 2017 Action Game of the Year Awards.[85][86] EGMNow also ranked the game at #3 in their list of the 25 Best Games of 2017,[87] while Polygon ranked it eighth on their list of the 50 best games of 2017.[88] The game won the Gold Prize and Users Choice Prize at the 2017 PlayStation Awards.[89] It was nominated for "Best PS4 Game" at Destructoid's Game of the Year Awards 2017.[90] It also won the awards for "Best PlayStation 4 Game" and "Best Graphics" at IGN's Best of 2017 Awards,[91][92] whereas its other nominations were for "Game of the Year", "Best Action-Adventure Game", and "Best Art Direction".[93][94][95] It was also nominated for "Best Looking Game" at Giant Bomb's 2017 Game of the Year Awards.[96] In 2018, it won the awards for Best PS4 Game, Best Performance for Ashly Burch, Best Art Direction, Best Soundtrack, Best Story, Best Post-Release Content, Best PlayStation Console Exclusive, and Best Use of PS4 Pro at PlayStation Blog's Game of the Year Awards.[97]

text: Sales[edit]

text: Horizon Zero Dawn was the best-selling game during its release week in the UK.[98] It surpassed No Man's Sky as the biggest launch of a new intellectual property on the PlayStation 4 and was the most successful launch of any kind on the PlayStation 4 since Uncharted 4: A Thief's End,[99] as well as Guerrilla Games' biggest debut to date.[100] The game sold close to 117,000 copies in its first week in Japan, becoming the second best-selling game that week.[101] Horizon Zero Dawn was the second most downloaded game on the PlayStation 4 US store for the month of February. Because its launch day occurred on the last day of February, only one day of sales was counted.[102] It was the best-selling game in its week of release in Australia.[103] For the month of March, it was the second best-selling game in the United Kingdom and the highest-selling PlayStation 4 game.[104] Horizon Zero Dawn was also the best-selling game on PlayStation Store that month.[105] It was ranked number one in the UK sales chart of 22 April 2017, and took eighth place in the Japanese chart of 16 April.[106] By June 2017, 3.4 million copies had been sold; 915,000 were digital.[107]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Result
[show]Ref

2015
Game Critics Awards
Best of Show
Nominated
[108]

Best Original Game
Won

Best Console Game
Nominated

Best Action/Adventure Game
Nominated

2016
Game Critics Awards
Best of Show
Nominated
[109][110]

Best Original Game
Won

Best Console Game
Nominated

Best Action/Adventure Game
Nominated

Gamescom 2016
Best Preview/Vision
Won
[111]

Golden Joystick Awards
Most Wanted Game
Nominated
[112][113]

The Game Awards
Most Anticipated Game
Nominated
[114]

2017
Develop Awards
Animation
Won
[115]

Golden Joystick Awards
Best Storytelling
Won
[116][117][118]

Best Visual Design
Runner-Up

Best Gaming Performance (Ashly Burch)
Won

Best PlayStation Game
Won

Ultimate Game of the Year
Runner-Up

Best Audio
Nominated

Global Game Awards 2017
Game of the Year 2017
5th Place
[119]

Best Developer (Guerilla Games)
Won
[120]

Best Open World
4th Place
[121]

Best Visuals
Runner-up
[122]

Best Original Game
Won
[123]

Best DLC/Expansion (The Frozen Wilds)
Runner-Up
[124]

Best Story
2nd Runner-up
[125]

The Game Awards
Game of the Year
Nominated
[126]

Best Game Direction
Nominated

Best Narrative
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Nominated

Best Performance (Ashly Burch)
Nominated

Best Action/Adventure Game
Nominated

2018
New York Game Awards 2018
Big Apple Award for Best Game of the Year
Nominated
[127]

Herman Melville Award for Best Writing
Nominated

Statue of Liberty Award for Best World
Nominated

Great White Way Award for Best Acting in a Game (Ashly Burch)
Nominated

45th Annie Awards
Outstanding Achievement for Character Animation in a Video Game
Nominated
[128]

Writers Guild of America Awards 2017
Outstanding Achievement in Videogame Writing
Won
[129][130]

21st Annual D.I.C.E. Awards
Game of the Year
Pending
[131]

Outstanding Achievement in Animation
Pending

Outstanding Achievement in Art Direction
Pending

Outstanding Achievement in Character (Aloy)
Pending

Outstanding Achievement in Original Music Composition
Pending

Outstanding Achievement in Story
Pending

Outstanding Technical Achievement
Pending

Adventure Game of the Year
Pending

Outstanding Achievement in Game Design
Pending

Outstanding Achievement in Game Direction
Pending

2018 NAVGTR Awards
Animation, Technical
Pending
[132]

Art Direction, Period Influence
Pending

Character Design
Pending

Control Precision
Pending

Direction in a Game Cinema
Pending

Game Design, New IP
Pending

Game Engineering
Pending

Game of the Year
Pending

Game, Original Action
Pending

Graphics, Technical
Pending

Innovation in Game Technology
Pending

Lighting/Texturing
Pending

Original Dramatic Score, New IP
Pending

Performance in a Drama, Lead (Ashly Burch)
Pending

Sound Effects
Pending

Use of Sound, New IP
Pending

Writing in a Drama
Pending

2018 SXSW Gaming Awards
Excellence in Visual Achievement
Pending
[133]

Excellence in Animation
Pending

Most Promising New Intellectual Property
Pending

Excellence in Gameplay
Pending

Excellence in Design
Pending

Video Game of the Year
Pending

Game Developers Choice Awards
Best Audio
Pending
[134]

Best Design
Pending

Best Narrative
Pending

Best Technology
Pending

Best Visual Art
Pending

Game of the Year
Pending


document_title: Auburn–LSU football rivalry

question_text: when is the last time auburn beat lsu

question_tokens: when is the last time auburn beat lsu

text: Auburn–LSU football rivalry

text: Notable games[edit]

text: In 1988, #4 Auburn traveled to Tiger Stadium with national title aspirations. Auburn (4-0) entered the game outscoring its opponents 161–44, but were held to just two field goals. Auburn's outstanding defense kept LSU scoreless through 58 minutes. However, with 1:47 left, QB Tommy Hodson found RB Eddie Fuller open on a crossing pattern for a touchdown on fourth and goal. Ironically, it was the same play Fuller had caught on 1st and goal, only to step out of the back of the end zone. The crowd eruption was so intense that it registered as an earthquake on the seismograph located in LSU’s Howe-Russell Geoscience Complex, though much of the lore surrounding the game is largely apocryphal.[3] Both Hodson and Fuller later said it was the most physical game of their college careers.[4] College Football News ranks this game as the 17th best finish in the history of college football.[5] Auburn would have likely played Notre Dame for the National Championship had they beaten LSU, as Auburn finished the season with six consecutive wins, giving up only 31 points in the process. Auburn and LSU shared the SEC crown though Auburn went to the Sugar Bowl.

text: Auburn was on a 14-game winning streak when LSU traveled to Auburn in 1994, but it was LSU who led 23–9 entering the fourth quarter. LSU quarterback Jamie Howard threw five fourth quarter interceptions - three were returned for touchdowns - as Auburn extended their winning streak to 15 games with a 30–26 win. Auburn made one first down in the second half, yet scored 27 points in the comeback. Multiple players were hospitalized for dehydration after the game.[6] After the loss Jamie Howard received multiple threats.

text: LSU defeated Auburn 19–15 in 1996 while the old Auburn Sports Arena, affectionately called "the Barn", burned to the ground across the street from Jordan–Hare Stadium.[7] After scoring a touchdown, Auburn trailed 17–15 and attempted the two-point conversion. LSU intercepted the pass and returned it for a 19–15 win. The cause of the fire was officially undetermined,[8] though according to investigators the most probable cause was a grill placed too close to the building by tailgaters, possibly to take cover from heavy rainfall.[8] The fire was shown during ESPN's national broadcast,[9] flames being seen as high as the Jordan-Hare east upper-deck. The game was never delayed, and the Auburn public address announcer continually advised fans: "The flames [were] outside the stadium." Because of the fire and the thrilling finish, the game became known as the "Barn Burner" or "The Night The Barn Burned".

text: On coach Tommy Tuberville's birthday, Auburn blew out LSU 41–7 during a rare day game in Baton Rouge. In celebration, Auburn players and coaches smoked cigars on the field at Tiger Stadium, much to the chagrin of LSU players and fans. The intensity of the rivalry grew with this game, and it was used as motivation in 2001 when LSU beat Auburn 27–14 on the way to their first SEC title since splitting it in 1988. Coach Gerry DiNardo was fired before the season ended.[10]

text: Originally scheduled for September 15, the game was moved to December 1 because of the September 11, 2001 attacks. The rescheduling resulted in an SEC mini-playoff, as the winner of this game would be the West champion while the winner of the Florida-Tennessee game the same night would take the East. The game was marked by bad blood from the 1999 cigar incident. Auburn added further fuel by stomping on LSU’s midfield logo during pregame warmups. The action drew an unsportsmanlike conduct penalty, allowing LSU to kick off from the 50. LSU successfully ran a surprise onside kick which, along with a hit by Michael Clayton on Auburn returner Roderick Hood a few minutes later, set the tone for the game resulting in a 27–14 LSU victory. In addition, Auburn kicker Damon Duval got into an altercation with LSU marching band members Mark Aycock and Joey LaHatte during their halftime performance. It was believed that the Auburn special teams units prematurely started post-half time warmup while the LSU Band was still performing its halftime show. After this incident Duval did not make another field goal that night. Tommy Tuberville later sent a letter to the band leader Frank Wickes apologizing for Duval’s actions.

text: Defending national champion and fourth ranked LSU visited Auburn just days after Hurricane Ivan. LSU took a 9–3 lead but missed the extra point. Auburn tied the game with 1:14 left when Jason Campbell threw a 16-yard TD pass to Courtney Taylor. Entering the game, Auburn had successfully converted on 190 straight extra points; however, AU kicker John Vaughn too missed the extra point. But a personal foul penalty was called on Ronnie Prude for violating a new rule restricting jumping on a field goal attempt, and Vaughn connected on the second chance. Auburn would go on to win the SEC Championship, finish 13–0 and No. 2 in the final AP poll.

text: The hero of the 2004 game, John Vaughn would miss five field goals - his final kick bouncing off the right upright in overtime. All of the attempted kicks were over 35 yards; 3 would have been career long kicks for Vaughn. Auburn and LSU tied for the SEC West championship, but the 20-17 OT win allowed LSU to play in the SEC Championship Game. Auburn tailback Kenny Irons, caught by ESPN cameras prior to the game guaranteeing a 200-yard game, provided a 218-yard performance and cemented himself as the starter for the rest of the season.

text: No. 6 LSU met No. 3 Auburn on September 16, and this marked the highest head-to-head ranking ever. The two teams played what several athletes on both teams considered their most physical game of the season. Both teams were early season national title contenders. At the end of the first half, LSU managed a last second field goal to take a 3–0 halftime lead. Auburn took the lead with a third-quarter touchdown, and had two fourth quarter stops to win 7–3 in the lowest scoring game since an LSU 6–0 victory in 1935. In the final moments, playing with no timeouts left, JaMarcus Russell threw short of the end-zone to Craig Davis and Brock delivered a hit on the four yard-line to seal the Auburn victory. The victory helped Auburn climb to No. 2 in the AP Poll, while LSU fell to No. 10.

text: Demetrius Byrd made a last-second catch in the end zone to win it for LSU, 30–24. Down 24–23 and driving late in the game, LSU was in field goal range with the clock running and one timeout left. However, in one of the most discussed play calls of the 2007 season, Les Miles decided to try a long pass to the end zone before a possible FG attempt. Afterwards, Miles stated there was enough time for a 41-yard FG had the pass been incomplete, and the game clock proved him correct; though conventional wisdom argued the safer bet was to advance the ball a few yards, use the time-out, and try the field goal. LSU, despite finishing the year with two losses, would go on to win the SEC and BCS National Championship.

text: In 2010, the game was played at Jordan–Hare Stadium in Auburn. Both teams were undefeated and ranked in the top 10: Auburn was 4th, and LSU 6th. Auburn quarterback Cam Newton excelled on the ground. He ran for a career-high 217 yards with 2 TD. Auburn totaled 440 yards rushing, which was the most ever achieved by the team against an SEC defense. The game was tied at 17 late in the fourth, when Auburn tailback Onterio McCalebb ran 70 yards for the go-ahead score with 5:05 left. Auburn would go on to win the game 24–17. Auburn finished the year 14–0, winning the SEC and BCS National Championship.

text: Auburn kicker Daniel Carlson kicked six field goals to upset #18 LSU 18–13 at Jordan-Hare Stadium. LSU appeared to score the winning touchdown on the last play of the game, but after video review the game clock had expired prior to the snap, thus nullifying the score. A first quarter score by LSU would be the only touchdown of the game. After three field goals Auburn would take a 9–7 lead into halftime. In the second half LSU would score two field goals while Auburn would add three more giving Auburn the 18–13 victory. LSU head coach Les Miles was fired the next day.

text: Auburn jumped out to a 20–0 lead early in the second quarter by scoring on each of their first four possessions: a 46-yard field goal, a 49-yard touchdown pass, a short rushing touchdown, and a 48-yard field goal. LSU trimmed the deficit to 23–14 before halftime on a 14-yard touchdown completion. After a scoreless third quarter for both teams, LSU cut Auburn's lead to 23–21 just 27 seconds into the fourth when D.J. Chark scored a touchdown on a 75-yard punt return that brought the Tiger Stadium crowd into a frenzy. Two possessions later, LSU took its first lead of the game, 24–23, on a 42-yard field goal. LSU tacked on a 36-yard field goal to make it 27–23 with 38 seconds left. Auburn's ensuing final drive ended with three straight incompletions and a sack, as LSU pulled off the comeback upset.

text: Game results[edit]

text:
Auburn victories
LSU victories
Tie games

tag: table

text:
No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

1
1901
Baton Rouge, LA
Auburn
28–0

2
1902
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
5–0

3
1903
Auburn, AL
Auburn
12–0

4
1908
Auburn, AL
LSU
10–2

5
1912
Mobile, AL
Auburn
7–0

6
1913
Mobile, AL
Auburn
7–2

7
1924
Birmingham, AL
Auburn
3–0

8
1926
Montgomery, AL
LSU
10–0

9
1927
Montgomery, AL
LSU
9–0

10
1934
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
20–6

11
1935
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
6–0

12
1936
Birmingham, AL
#7 LSU
19–6

13
1937
Baton Rouge, LA
#12 LSU
9–7

14
1938
Birmingham, AL
#9 Auburn
28–6

15
1939
Baton Rouge, LA
Auburn
21–7

16
1940
Birmingham, AL
LSU
21–13

17
1941
Baton Rouge, LA
Tie
7–7

18
1942
Birmingham, AL
#14 Auburn
25–7

19
1969
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
21–20

20
1970
Auburn, AL
#14 LSU
17–9

21
1972
Baton Rouge, LA
#8 LSU
35–7

22
1973
Auburn, AL
LSU
20–6

23
1980
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
21–17

24
1981
Auburn, AL
Auburn
19–7

25
1988
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
7–6

26
1989
Auburn, AL
#12 Auburn
10–6

27
1992
Auburn, AL
Auburn
30–28

No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

28
1993
Baton Rouge, LA
Auburn
34–10

29
1994
Auburn, AL
#11 Auburn
30–26

30
1995
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
12–6

31
1996
Auburn, AL
#21 LSU
19–15

32
1997
Baton Rouge, LA
#12 Auburn
31–28

33
1998
Auburn, AL
#7 LSU
31–19

34
1999
Baton Rouge, LA
#24 Auburn
41–7

35
2000
Auburn, AL
#25 Auburn
34–17

36
2001
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
27–14

37
2002
Auburn, AL
Auburn
31–7

38
2003
Baton Rouge, LA
#9 LSU
31–7

39
2004
Auburn, AL
#14 Auburn
10–9

40
2005
Baton Rouge, LA
#7 LSU
20–17OT

41
2006
Auburn, AL
#3 Auburn
7–3

42
2007
Baton Rouge, LA
#5 LSU
30–24

43
2008
Auburn, AL
#6 LSU
26–21

44
2009
Baton Rouge, LA
#10 LSU
31–10

45
2010
Auburn, AL
#5 Auburn
24–17

46
2011
Baton Rouge, LA
#1 LSU
45–10

47
2012
Auburn, AL
#2 LSU
12–10

48
2013
Baton Rouge, LA
#6 LSU
35–21

49
2014
Auburn, AL
#5 Auburn
41–7

50
2015
Baton Rouge, LA
#13 LSU
45–21

51
2016
Auburn, AL
Auburn
18–13

52
2017
Baton Rouge, LA
LSU
27–23

Series: LSU leads 29–22–1

text: Series record source: College Football Data Warehouse.[11]

text: Miscellaneous[edit]

text: From 2000 to 2005, Auburn or LSU won or tied for the SEC Western Division championship every season.

text: From 2000 to 2007, the home team won eight straight games. (Immediately before then, the road team had won four straight, from 1996 to 1999.)

text: The 2006 game was the lowest scoring contest between the two schools since 1935, when LSU defeated Auburn 6–0 in Baton Rouge.

text: The winning squad pitched a shutout 11 of the first 13 games to start the series. Since then, neither team has been shut out.

text: LSU leads the series 29–22–1. LSU leads the series in games played in Baton Rouge and Montgomery, Alabama, with a 17–5–1 and 2–0 record, respectively. Auburn leads games played at Jordan–Hare Stadium (11–6), Birmingham, Alabama (3–2), and Mobile, Alabama (2–0). When the SEC expanded, Auburn and LSU were placed in the SEC's Western Division. The Auburn–LSU game quickly became a highly anticipated and respected rivalry.

text: Since becoming permanent SEC opponents in 1992, the majority of the series has been played in September. Only eight times have games been scheduled in October. Generally speaking, games in Baton Rouge tend to be in October, while games in Auburn are usually in September.


document_title: If Loving You Is Wrong (TV series)

question_text: who is ramsey on if loving you is wrong

question_tokens: who is ramsey on if loving you is wrong

text: If Loving You Is Wrong (TV series)

text: Overview[edit]

text: If Loving You Is Wrong is loosely based on Perry's 2014 film The Single Moms Club. Actress Zulay Henao reprised her movie role of Esperanza, although her character and storyline was rebooted for the TV series. It was officially ordered straight-to-series on January 9, 2014.[3][4][5] It premiered on September 9, 2014, on the Oprah Winfrey Network (OWN), and the first half of the first season finale aired on November 4, 2014.[5][6][7]

text: The series premiere was the highest-rated in OWN history, setting a new record over The Haves and the Have Nots. The second half of the first season aired on March 24, 2015. On February 27, 2015, the series was renewed for a second season with 22 more episodes. The second season premiered on September 22, 2015. The second half premiered on March 15, 2016. OWN renewed the series for a third season. The third season of the series premiered on September 13, 2016.[8] The second half of the third season premiered on March 21, 2017. On August 29, 2017, OWN announced the show's return for the fourth season, which premiered on September 19, 2017.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Amanda Clayton as Alex Montgomery, a housewife who is married to businessman, Brad. She has two children with him, Peter and Paisley, after which he had a vasectomy. She was caught having an affair with her next door neighbor, Randall, which ends her friendship with Randall's wife Marcie and prompts Brad to leave her. She gave birth to a third child, a son, who may be Randall's son, born from their affair.[5]
Matt Cook as Joey Blackman, Natalie's oldest son who was released from jail. Somewhat naïve in a lot of things while getting used to being out of jail, and is often hovered over by his mother with whom he works with at her place of business, Burger Fast.
Edwina Findley as Kelly Issacs, a single and working mother to a young son named Justice. She is being pursued by a man named Travis, despite his being engaged to someone he met while in Haiti.[5]
Tiffany Haddish as Jackie (season 1), Natalie's loyal assistant at Burger Fast. A very business-savy woman.
Heather Hemmens as Marcie Holmes, a real estate agent and Randall's unhappy wife, who is angry with Alex for her affair with Randall. Gets even with both of them by embarking on a revenge affair with Brad. She demands that Randall divorce her; he refuses because he still loves her, but also loves Alex.[5] In the third season, it is revealed that Marcie is pregnant, but with Brad's child.
Zulay Henao as Esperanza Willis, ex-wife of Edward, a 911 dispatcher for the city of Maxine. Mother of a daughter named Mika with Edward. When she began dating Julius, he immediately became a target of Edward's rage and jealousy, which is later justified as he is the relative of a drug-cartel leader, which constantly places her and Mika in danger.[5]
April Parker Jones as Natalie Henning, a single working mother of four kids who manages a fast food place called Burger Fast. Often hovers over her oldest son, Joey.[5]
Eltony Williams as Dr. Randall Holmes, Marcie's estranged husband, a psychologist. He has an affair with Alex, which destroys both his marriage to Marcie and his friendship with Brad. With the affair out in the second season premiere he is attacked by both Eddie and Brad. Later that night Brad destroys Randall's boat and comes at him with an axe and the two begin to fight as Brad pulls out a gun and shots are fired. In season three Randall gets a dose of his own medicine when he finds Marcie and Brad begin a revenge affair and having sex in his shed where he had his affair with Alex. He refuses to divorce Marcie, because he wants to have both women in his life. In the season three finale it was revealed that Randall is not the father of Alex's newborn baby boy.[5]
Aiden Turner as Brad Montgomery, a former Royal Marine who fought in Iraq with Alex's cousin, Eddie and later became a businessman and married Alex. Now a businessman who was unaware of his wife's affair with his friend, Randall until the second season premiere. He gets into a fight with Randall, demolishes his boat and nearly kills him. He eventually leaves Alex and he begins a revenge affair with Marcie. Brad is the father of Peter and Paisley his children with Alex, Brad had a vasectomy after Paisley's birth, which gives credence to Randall being the father of Alex's newborn son.[5]
Joel Rush as Edward “Eddie” Willis, Esperanza's ex, Alex's cousin and Brad's friend. A former U.S. Marine and a very corrupt police officer for the city of Maxine. He has a daughter named Mika with Esperanza. He still intends to control her life although he himself is remarried and has kids with a woman named Yolanda, who would eventually leave him as well. Later revealed that he is still in love with Esperanza, which drives him to behave the way he does, and is also a recovering cocaine addict.[5]
Octavio Pizano as Julius Escada Jr., Esperanza's new boyfriend, a target of the jealous Edward's rage, in this case, justifiably, as he is the relative of a Drug-Cartel leader, and Edward is concerned for the safety of Esperanza and, more importantly, his daughter, Mika.[5]
Charles Malik Whitfield as Lushion Morgan, Natalie's fiancé and the father of her youngest son, Frankie. He's a rookie cop with Eddie, who has a hostile working relationship with him, due to his corrupt ways. However, he still has enough loyalty to save him from a drive by shooting.[5]
Denzel Wells as Travis Cain, Kelly's love interest, who is away on a relief mission in Haiti. Upon his return, he reveals that he got engaged to another woman while in Haiti and left Kelly. However, he has second thoughts, and ends his engagement. He then pursues Kelly anew, although she is very disinterested. In season three, he becomes very angry and hostile towards Kelly.
Dawan Owens as Quan (seasons 1–3), Joey's old running buddy who is not liked by Lushion and Natalie, and at times, Joey himself. In season 3 he is killed during a shoot-out with Joey, who was seriously injured but survives.

tag: ul

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text:
Brianne Davis as Yolanda, Edward's new wife who would, like Esperanza did, leave him. An alcoholic, she absolutely despises Esperanza, and the two women often quarrel. Has two children (one an unnamed older daughter) with Edward, and is Mika's stepmother.[9]
Claudette Ortiz as Claudia, a new addition to the 911 emergency service who is also the half-sister of Quan.
Jasmine Guy as Mattaline Cain, Travis' mother who did not approve of Kelly, but later accepts her.
Judi Blair as Faun, daughter of Mr. Kym, owner of Burger Fast. Faun is friendly with Joey, who works at Burger Fast with Natalie and Jackie.
Clayton Landey as Captain Daniel Mackey, the immediate superior of Edward and Lushion and the head of the Maxine Police Department.
Sharon Conley as Sally
Celine Areu as Mika Willis, the daughter of Eddie and Esperanza.
Chase Wainscott as Peter Montgomery, the son and oldest child of Brad and Alex.
Ashlyn Areu as Paisley Montgomery, the daughter and youngest child of Brad and Alex.
Timmy Richardson as Justice Issacs, the son of Kelly.
Donielle T. Hansley Jr. as Frank Morgan, the youngest son of Natalie and Lushion.
Trevante Rhodes as Ramsey Walters, Kelly's new neighbor, to whom she is attracted.
Chris V. Pipkin as Pete Davis, a rookie cop who takes it upon himself to investigates Ben's shooting.
Andrea Frye as Louise Holmes, Randall's mother. Tries to be a peace barrier for Marcie and Randall.
Jordan Wiseley as Ben Bryant, a drug addict and rookie cop who works under Eddie.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
20
September 9, 2014 (2014-09-09)
May 26, 2015 (2015-05-26)

2
22
September 22, 2015 (2015-09-22)
May 24, 2016 (2016-05-24)

3
22
September 13, 2016 (2016-09-13)
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)

4
18
September 19, 2017 (2017-09-19)
TBA


document_title: Adidas Jabulani

question_text: fifa world cup 2010 ball made in which country

text: Adidas Jabulani

text: Design[edit]

text: The ball was constructed consisting of eight (down from 14 in the 2006 World Cup) thermally bonded, three-dimensional panels.  These then were spherically moulded from ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPU). The surface of the ball was textured with grooves, a technology developed by Adidas called "Grip 'n' Groove"[2] that was intended to improve the ball's aerodynamics. The design had received considerable academic input, being developed in partnership with researchers from Loughborough University, United Kingdom.[3]

text: Technical specification[edit]

text:
FIFA-approved standard[4]

Jabulani measurements[4]

Circumference

68.5–69.5 cm

69.0 ± 0.2 cm

Diameter

≤ 1.5% difference

≤ 1.0% difference

Water absorption

≤ 10% weight increase

~ 0% weight increase

Weight

420–445 g

440 ± 0.2 g

Uniform rebound test

≤ 10 cm

≤ 6 cm

Loss of pressure

≤ 20%

≤ 10%

text: Colouring[edit]

text: The ball had four triangular design elements on a white background. The number 11 was prominent in the use of the ball, as 11 different colours were used; representing the 11 starting players in a football squad, the 11 official languages of South Africa, and the 11 South African communities.[5]

text: The Jabulani Angola, used at the 2010 African Cup of Nations in Angola, was coloured to represent the yellow, red and black of the host nation's flag.[6] An orange version is available for winter games and a yellow version for indoor games.[7]

text: A gold colour version, called the Jo'bulani, was used for the 2010 FIFA World Cup Final. This name is a reference to "Jo'burg", a common nickname for Johannesburg, the match venue. The gold colouring of the ball mirrored the colour of the FIFA World Cup Trophy and also echoed another of Johannesburg's nicknames: "the City of Gold".[8] The Jo'bulani ball was the second World Cup Final ball to be produced, the first time being the +Teamgeist Berlin for the 2006 FIFA World Cup.[8]

text: Manufacturing[edit]

text: The balls were made in China, using latex bladders from India,[9] thermoplastic polyurethane-elastomer from Taiwan, ethylene vinyl acetate, isotropic polyester/cotton fabric, glue and ink from China.[10]

text: Appearances[edit]

text: It was announced on 4 December 2009 that the Jabulani was to be the official matchball of the 2010 FIFA World Cup held in South Africa.[1] The word jabulani means "celebrate" in Zulu.[1]

text: The ball was also used as the match ball for the 2009 FIFA Club World Cup in the United Arab Emirates, and a special version of the ball, the Jabulani Angola, was the match ball of the 2010 African Cup of Nations.

text: This ball was also used in the 2010 Clausura Tournament of Argentina as well as the 2010 MLS season in the United States and Canada in the league's colours of blue and green.

text: In Europe domestic leagues, it was used in the 2010–11 Bundesliga[11] in the league signature colours of red and white, known as the "Torfabrik" ("Goal Factory"),[12] and in the 2010–11 Primeira Liga, coloured in white.

text: UEFA uses the ball in the UEFA Super Cup and the UEFA Europa League with respective official match ball colours and design.[13]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Criticism[edit]

text: Wikiquote has quotations related to: Adidas Jabulani

text:
Even more than the Fevernova and Teamgeist at the two previous tournaments, the Jabulani received pre- and post-tournament criticism.[14] Brazil goalkeeper Júlio César compared it to a "supermarket" ball that favoured strikers and worked against goalkeepers.[15] Other similar complaints came from Giampaolo Pazzini,[16] Claudio Bravo,[17] and Iker Casillas ("it is very sad that a competition so important as the world championship will be played with such a horrible ball.").[18]
Italian goalkeeper Gianluigi Buffon said, "The new model is absolutely inadequate and I think it's shameful letting play such an important competition, where a lot of champions take part, with a ball like this"[19] while Brazilian striker Luís Fabiano called the ball "supernatural", as it unpredictably changed direction when traveling through the air.[20] Brazilian striker Robinho stated, "For sure the guy who designed this ball never played football. But there is nothing we can do; we have to play with it."[21]
Joe Hart of England, after training with the ball for a number of days, said the "balls have been doing anything but staying in my gloves".[22] He did, however, describe the ball as "good fun" to use, even though it is hard work for goalkeepers to cope with.[23] English goalkeeper David James said that, "The ball is dreadful. It's horrible, but it's horrible for everyone."[24] It was suggested the ball behaved "completely different" at altitude by former England coach Fabio Capello.[25]

text: Denmark coach Morten Olsen, after their 1–0 friendly defeat at the hands of Australia, said, "We played with an impossible ball and we need to get used to it."[26] Argentina forward Lionel Messi stated, "The ball is very complicated for the goalkeepers and for us [forwards]."[27] Argentine coach Diego Maradona said, "We won't see any long passes in this World Cup because the ball doesn't fly straight."[28]

text: American Clint Dempsey was more favorable. He said that, "If you just hit it solid, you can get a good knuckle on the ball... you've just got to pay a little bit more, you know, attention when you pass the ball sometimes."[29]

text: It was suggested by The Guardian on 16 June 2010 that the Jabulani ball might be responsible for the goal drought in the first round of the tournament. The Guardian mentioned the FIFA representative, who was queried daily for his opinion on the goal drought, as saying it was probably too early to make a definitive judgment, though it would be hard to deny that the first round was more cagey and defensively minded than usual. Owen Gibson of The Guardian suggested that a lack of confidence in how the ball would travel could be affecting the number of shots taken.[30] Following Portugal's 7–0 victory over North Korea in the second round of the group stage, however, Portugal's coach Carlos Queiroz said, "We love the ball."[31]

text: In July 2010, former Liverpool footballer Craig Johnston wrote a 12-page open letter to FIFA president Sepp Blatter outlining perceived failings of the Jabulani ball. He compiled feedback from professional players criticizing the ball for poor performance and asked that it be abandoned by FIFA.[32][33]

text: Many football fans questioned why an African-made ball, such as one by not-for-profit African manufacturer Alive & Kicking, was not chosen for a World Cup held in Africa.[34][35][36][37]

text: Response from Adidas[edit]

text: A number of Adidas-sponsored[38][39][40][41] players responded favourably to the ball. Álvaro Arbeloa, commented that, "It's round, like always." Brazilian midfielder Kaká said, "For me, contact with the ball is all-important, and that's just great with this ball."[42] English midfielder Frank Lampard called it "a very strong ball, true to hit".[42] German midfielder Michael Ballack said it was "fantastic; the ball does exactly what I want it to".[42] It is worth noting that a number of these players actually performed well in the tournament.

text: Adidas has said that the ball had been used since January 2010, and that most feedback from players had been positive. A spokesperson said the company was "surprised" by the negative reaction to the ball, and highlighted that the frequent pre-tournament criticism a new ball receives inevitably dies down as the tournament proceeds.[43]

text: Response from FIFA[edit]

text: On 27 June 2010, FIFA acknowledged concerns about the ball, but also said that they would not act on the problem until after the tournament. According to secretary general Jérôme Valcke, FIFA will discuss the matter with coaches and teams after the World Cup, then meet with the manufacturer Adidas.[44]

text: NASA study[edit]

text: When a relatively smooth ball with seams flies through the air without much spin, the air close to the surface is affected by the seams, producing an asymmetric flow. This asymmetry creates side forces that can suddenly push the ball in one direction and cause volatile swerves and swoops and this effect is referred to as "knuckling".[45] Older designs of the ball have a knuckle speed of around 30 miles per hour (48 km/h). NASA scientists at the Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at NASA Ames Research Center in Mountain View, California, concluded that the Jabulani, with its relatively smoother surface, starts to knuckle at a higher speed of 45–50 mph (72–80 km/h).[45] This coincides with the typical speed of a ball following a free-kick around the goal area making the effect more visible.[45]