document_title: Alexander (surname)

question_text: where did the last name alexander come from

root

text: Alexander (surname)

text:
Alexander

Gender
Unisex

Language(s)
English

Other names

See also
MacAlasdair, Mac Alsandair

tag: table

text: Alexander is a surname originating in Scotland. It is originally an Anglicised form of the Scottish Gaelic MacAlasdair. It is a somewhat common Scottish name, and the region of Scotland where it traditionally is most commonly found is in the Highlands region of Scotland.

tag: p

text: Notable people with the surname include:

text:
AJ Alexander (born 1980), American model and Playboy Playmate
A. V. Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Hillsborough (1885–1965), British politician
Albert R. Alexander (1859-1966), American judge
Amir Alexander (born 1963), Israeli-American historian
Ana Alexander (born 1954), Cuban long jumper
Annie Lowrie Alexander (1864–1929), American physician and educator
Archibald Alexander (1772–1851), American theologian, professor, and first principal of Princeton Seminary
Archibald S. Alexander (1906–1979), American lawyer, civil servant, and Democratic politician
Archibald Alexander (Delaware) (1755–1822), American physician and politician
Archibald Alphonso Alexander (1888-1958), American design and construction engineer
Barton S. Alexander (1819–1878), U.S. Army brigadier general and engineer during the American Civil War
Beatrice Alexander (1895-1990), American dollmaker and businesswoman
Boyd Alexander (1873-1910), British army officer, explorer and ornithologist
Caleb Alexander (died 1828), American clergyman, writer, teacher
Cecil Alexander (disambiguation), several people with this name

Cecil Alexander (1918–2013), American architect
Cecil L. Alexander (born 1935), American politician
Cecil Frances Alexander (1818–1895), British hymn-writer and poet

Christopher Alexander (born 1936), Austrian-American architect and design theorist
Christopher James Alexander (1887-1917), British ornithologist
Claudia Alexander (1959–2015), American planetary scientist
Conel Hugh O'Donel Alexander (1909–1974), British cryptanalyst, chess player, and chess writer
Cory Alexander (born 1973), American basketball player
Courtney Alexander (born 1977), American basketball player
Danny Alexander (born 1972), British politician
Dari Alexander (born 1969), American news anchor
Devon Alexander (born 1987), American professional boxer
Donald Alexander (1921–2009), American lawyer
Donald Alexander (1928–2007), Irish physician and researcher
Dorothy Alexander, professional name of Dorothy Bohm (born 1924), naturalized British photographer
Dottie Alexander (born 1972), American keyboardist
Douglas Alexander (born 1967), British politician
Duane Alexander (born 1940), American doctor
Eben Alexander (author) (born 1953), American neurosurgeon
Edward Porter Alexander (1835–1910), U.S. and Confederate States Army officer
Ethel Skyles Alexander (1925-2016), American politician
Ernie Alexander (born 1933), American politician
Evan Shelby Alexander (1767–1809), American politician
F. Matthias Alexander (1869–1955), Australian actor/orator, founder of the Alexander Technique
Francesca Alexander (1837-1917), American illustrator, author, and translator
Frank Alexander (cricketer) (1911–2005), Australian cricketer
Franz Alexander (1891–1964), Hungarian-American psychoanalyst and physician
Fred Alexander (1870–1937), South African rugby union player
Gary Alexander (disambiguation), several people with this name

Gary Alexander (baseball) (born 1953), United States baseball player
Gary Alexander (basketball) (born 1969), United States basketball player
Gary Alexander (footballer) (born 1979), English footballer
Gary Alexander (sound engineer), American sound engineer
Gary Alexander (martial art pioneer), American martial artist
Gary Alexander (politician), American politician in Washington
Jules Gary Alexander (20th c.) American musician and singer from the band The Association, known also as Gary Alexander

Grover Cleveland Alexander (1887–1950), American baseball player
Gus Alexander, (1934–2010), Scottish footballer
Harold Alexander (1900-1987), American politician
Harold Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis (1891–1969), British general
Harvey Alexander (early 20th c.), American baseball player
Holmes Alexander (1906–1985), American historian, journalist, and columnist
Horace Alexander (1889–1989), English writer, pacifist and ornithologist
Howard Wright Alexander (1911–1985), Canadian-American mathematician
Hubbard Alexander (born 1939), American football player
James Waddel Alexander (1804–1859), American Presbyterian minister and theologian
James Waddell Alexander II (1888–1971), American mathematician
Jason Alexander (born 1959), stage name of American actor Jason Scott Greenspan
Jason Allen Alexander (late 20th/early 21st c.), American ex-husband of Britney Spears
Jean Alexander (1926–2016), British actress
Jeffrey C. Alexander (born 1947), American sociologist
John White Alexander (1856–1915), American artist
Joseph Alexander (disambiguation), several people with this name

Joseph Alexander (c. 1770-1828), German cellist and music teacher
Joseph Addison Alexander (1809–1860), American bible scholar
J. Grubb Alexander (1887–1932), full name Joseph Grubb Alexander, American screenwriter
Joseph A. "Doc" Alexander (1898–1975), American football player and coach
Joseph H. Alexander (c. 1938–2014), retired American marine
Joseph W. Alexander (born 1947), American politician
Joe Alexander (born 1986), American-Israeli basketball player

Kaitlyn Alexander (born 1992), Canadian actress
Lamar Alexander (born 1940), American politician
Lincoln Alexander (1922–2012), Canadian politician
Lloyd Alexander (1924–2007), American author
Lucy Alexander (born 1970), British television presenter
Manny Alexander (born 1971), Dominican Republic-born American baseball player
Margie Alexander (1948–2013), American singer
Neil Alexander (born 1978), Scottish footballer
Patrick Young Alexander (1867–1943), British aviation pioneer
Peter Alexander (1926–2011), Austrian singer and actor
Randy Alexander (born 1951), American politician
Richard D. Alexander (born 1930), American professor and curator emeritus of insects at American the Museum of Zoology of the University of Michigan
Rex Alexander (1924–1982), American college sports coach
Robert McNeill Alexander (1934–2016), British zoologist
Robert P. Alexander (1904–1985), American philatelist
Ross Alexander (1907–1937), American actor
Sally Hobart Alexander (born 1943), American writer of children's literature
Samuel Alexander (1859–1938) Australian/British philosopher and essayist
Sarah Alexander (born 1971), British actress
Shane Alexander (late 20th/early 21st c.), American singer-songwriter and musician
Shane Alexander (born 1986), Australian volleyball player
Shane Alexander, 2nd Earl Alexander of Tunis (born 1935), British peer
Shaun Alexander (born 1977), American football player
Shawn Alexander (born 1976), American football player
Stan Alexander (1905–1961), English footballer
Stephanie B. Alexander an American mathematician
Sue Alexander (1933–2008), American children's author
Victor Alexander (born 1969), American basketball player
Wilfred Backhouse Alexander (1885–1965), English ornithologist and entomologist
William Alexander (bishop) (1824–1911), Irish cleric
William Alexander (rugby player) (1874–1937), Welsh rugby player
William Alexander, 1st Earl of Stirling (c.1567-1640), Scottish noble
Willie Alexander (born 1949), American football player

tag: ul

text: Other:

text: Murder of Travis Alexander, a crime perpetrated by Jodi Arias in 2008


document_title: Maid of the Mist

question_text: when did the maid of the mist begin

question_tokens: when did the maid of the mist begin

text: Maid of the Mist

text: History[edit]

text: The original Maid of the Mist was built at a landing near Niagara Falls on the American side of the border.[1] The boat was christened in 1846 as a border-crossing ferry;[2] its first trip was on September 18, 1846.[3] The two-stage barge-like steamer was designed primarily as a link for a proposed ferry service between New York City and Toronto. It was a 72-foot-long side-wheeler with an 18-foot beam which was powered by steam produced from a wood- and coal-fired boiler. It could carry up to 100 passengers.[4]

text: The ferry did well until 1848, when the opening of a suspension bridge between the United States and Canada cut into the ferry traffic. It was then that the owners decided to make the journey a sightseeing trip, plotting a journey closer to the Falls.

text: The present day Maid of the Mist Corporation was formed in 1884 by Captain R. F. Carter and Frank LaBlond,[5] who invested in a new Maid that would launch in 1885.[6][7] Captain Carter and Mr. LaBlond hired Alfred H. White from Port Robinson, Ontario to build the new ship.[citation needed] A letter in the archives of the Buffalo Historical Society from Mr. LaBlond to Alfred White says that they are well pleased with the vessel and asks Alfred to add a wale onto the boat.[citation needed]

text: Maid of the Mist is was known for her role in the 9 July 1960, rescue of Roger Woodward, a seven-year-old boy who became the first person to survive a plunge over the Horseshoe Falls with nothing but a life jacket. The boat involved in the rescue (Maid of the Mist II) was retired from service in 1983 and relocated to the Amazon River, where she served as a missionary ship for some years.[8]

text: Access to the river-level attraction on the Canadian side was provided by the Maid of the Mist Incline Railway, a funicular railway, between 1894 and 1990, to travel between street level and the boat dock.[9] As this service proved increasingly inadequate in transporting the growing passenger base of the 1990s, four high-speed elevators replaced the railway in 1991. On the American side, the dock is reached by four elevators enclosed in the observation tower.[10]

text: The service is run by Maid of the Mist Corp. of Niagara Falls, New York. Maid of the Mist has been owned by the Glynn family since 1971.[11]

text: James V. Glynn is chairman and chief executive officer of Maid of the Mist Corp. Glynn joined Maid of the Mist in 1950 as a ticket seller, and purchased the company in 1971. During his tenure, Maid of the Mist expanded operations, achieving ten-fold growth.[citation needed]

text: Notable Passengers[edit]

text: While on his 1860 tour of Canada, Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII), rode on Maid of the Mist.[12]

text: In June 1952, Marilyn Monroe rode the Maid of the Mist while in Niagara Falls to film the movie Niagara.[13][14]

text: In 1991 The Prince and Princess of Wales, and their two young sons, Princes William and Harry, rode on Maid of the Mist.[15]

text: Mikhail Gorbachev was a passenger in 1983.[11]

text: Boats[edit]

text: Maid of the Mist I[16]

text:
Years of service: 1846–54
Type: double-stack steamboat ferry
Engine: 1 sidewheel steam

text: A second Maid of the Mist I was built in 1854[citation needed]

text:
Years of service: 1854–60
Length: 72 feet (22 m)
Type: single-stack steamer
Engine: paddle boat

text: Maid of the Mist I, this one sailed closer to Horseshoe Falls than any had previously.[citation needed]

text:
Years of service: 1885–1955
Type: steam boat
Engine: N/A

text: Maid of the Mist II

text:
Years of service: 1892–1955
Type: white oak steam boat
Length: 89 feet (27 m)
Engine: 2 engine steam

text: These boats sailed the lower river until April 22, 1955, when they burned in a pre-season accident. Later that year, they were replaced by two new ships. The type and style of the boats is still seen today; they were made of steel and powered by diesel engines.

text: Maid of the Mist I[citation needed]

text:
Years of service: 1955–90
Length: 66 feet (20 m)
Engine: 200-horsepower (150 kW) diesel engines
Passengers: 101

text: Maid of the Mist II[citation needed]

text:
Years of service: 1956–83
Type: all-steel boat, twin of I
Engine: 200-horsepower (150 kW) diesel engines
Passengers: 101

text: More ships have been added to the fleet.

text: Maid of the Mist III

text:
Years of service: 1972–97
Length: 65 feet (20 m)
Gross tonnage: 75[17]
Engine: single 250 horsepower (190 kW) diesel
Passengers: 210
Vessel sold and renamed Chippewa III as tour boat in Parry Sound, Ontario 1992 and retired early 2017

text: Maid of the Mist IV

text:
Years of service: 1976–2013
Length: 72 feet (22 m)
Gross tonnage: 75[18]
Engine: two 250 horsepower (190 kW) diesel
Passengers: 300

text: Maid of the Mist V

text:
Years of service: 1983–2013
Length: 72 feet (22 m)
Gross tonnage: 74[19]
Engine: two 355 horsepower (265 kW) diesel
Passengers: 300

text: Maid of the Mist VI

text:
Years of service: 1990–present
Length: 74 feet (23 m)
Breadth: 30 feet (9.1 m)
Depth: 10 feet (3.0 m)
Gross tonnage: 155[20]
Engine: two 355 horsepower (265 kW) diesel
Passengers: 600

text: Maid of the Mist VII

text:
Years of service: 1997–present;
Length: 80 feet (24 m)
Breadth: 30 feet (9.1 m)
Depth: 10 feet (3.0 m)
Gross tonnage: 155[21]
Engine: two 350 horsepower (260 kW) diesel
Passengers: 600

text: Little Maid

text: A small tug-like vessel found at the docks on the Canadian side

text: A partial history of Maid of the Mist is featured in the IMAX film Niagara: Miracles, Myths and Magic.[22]


document_title: List of supermarket chains in the United States

question_text: what is the biggest grocery store chain in the us

text: National chains[edit]

text:
Albertsons LLC - 2,400 stores; besides the parent company, some stores are operated under the banners: Acme Markets, Carrs, Jewel-Osco, Lucky, Pavilions, Randalls and Tom Thumb, Safeway Inc., Shaw's and Star Market, United Supermarkets and Market Street, and Vons
Aldi -
Costco - approximately 500 warehouse stores in the USA, plus 200 elsewhere
Ahold Delhaize - 2265 stores[1] under the following brands.

Food Lion (1098 stores in Delaware, Georgia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, West Virginia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)
Hannaford (188 stores in Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York and Vermont)
Giant-Carlisle (197 stores in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and West Virginia)
Giant-Landover (169 stores in Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland and Virginia)
Stop & Shop (416 stores in New York Metro: Connecticut, New Jersey, New York, New England: Connecticut, Massachusetts and Rhode Island)
Martin's Food Markets (197 stores in Pennsylvania, Virginia, Maryland, and West Virginia)

Kmart Super Center - 1 store, formerly 105 stores at its peak.[2]
Kroger - 2,460 stores;[3] besides the parent company, stores operate under Baker's Supermarkets, City Market, Dillons Supermarkets, Food 4 Less, Foods Co., Fred Meyer (technically a hypermarket), Fry's Food & Drug, Gerbes Super Markets, Harris Teeter, Jay C, King Soopers, Owen's, Pay Less Super Markets, QFC, Ralphs, Roundy's, Ruler Foods, Scott's, and Smith's
Schnucks - 100+ Stores
SpartanNash - operates 167 retail stores in 44 states, Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East
SuperValu Inc. - 1,582 stores (691 corporate and 891 franchised stores); the Save-A-Lot name is its most common banner; others are Cub, Farm Fresh, Hornbacher's, Shop 'n Save and Shoppers
SuperTarget - 251 stores[4]
Trader Joe's - 479 stores (as of September 29, 2017)[5]
Walmart - 3522 stores + 699 Neighborhood Markets + 660 Sam's Clubs (as of January 31, 2017)
Whole Foods - 430 stores (as of June 14, 2016)[6]

text: Regional/local chains[edit]

text: This list may be incomplete. You can help by expanding it.

text:
99 Cents Only Stores (Southern California, Nevada, Texas and Arizona)
Acme Fresh Market (Northeastern Ohio)
Amigo (Puerto Rico) a division of Walmart
Andronico's (California) - CLOSED - bought by Albertson's
Arlan's Market (Texas)

Handy Andy (New Braunfels, San Antonio, Schertz, and Seguin)

Arteagas Food Center (Northern California)
Associated Supermarkets (New York City area)
Associated Wholesale Grocers (Kansas City metro, St. Joseph area)
Balady Halal Food Market (New York) (US,Canada Franchise available)
Bashas' (Arizona; plus one store in Needles, California)

AJ's Fine Foods – upscale
Bashas' Diné Markets (Navajo Nation)

Beach's Market (Southern California) - CLOSED
Big M (Pennsylvania; Northern New York)
Big Saver Foods (Southern California)
Big Y Foods (Massachusetts and Connecticut)
BJ's Wholesale Club (Eastern US)
Breaux Mart Supermarkets (New Orleans area)
Brookshire Grocery Company (Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana)

Super 1 Foods (Eastern Texas; Southern Arkansas; Northern and Southwestern LA)

Brookshire Brothers (Texas)

David's Supermarkets (Rural Northern Texas)

Broulims (Idaho)
Brown & Cole (Washington state)

Cost Cutter (New Jersey)
Food Depot (Georgia and North Carolina)
Food Pavilion
Price Chopper (Kansas City metro; St Joseph; no relation to Price Chopper in the Northeast)
Red Apple
Save-On-Foods

Buehler's Fresh Foods (Ohio)
Busch's Fresh Food Market [1] (southeastern Michigan)
Butera (Illinois)
Buy For Less (Oklahoma City metro area)
C-Town (Northeastern US)
Cannata's Family Market (Louisiana)
Caraluzzi's (Fairfield County, Connecticut)
Chief Supermarket (Western Ohio)
Coborns (Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota)
CobornsDelivers (Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minnesota; Wisconsin) – online grocery
Compare Foods Supermarket (North Carolina, New York City, Long Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island)
Crest Foods (Oklahoma City metro area)
Crosby's Marketplace (North Shore Boston area)
Cub Foods (Greater Minneapolis-St. Paul area)
Dave's Marketplace (Rhode Island)
D&W Food Centers (Michigan)
D'Agostino Supermarkets (New York City)
Dahl's Foods (Des Moines, Iowa area)
Dan's Supermarket (North Dakota)
DeCicco Family Market
De Cicco & Sons
Dehoff's Key Markets (Bay Area, California)

Key Markets

DeMoulas' Market Basket (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Maine)
Dierbergs (greater St. Louis)
Dillons (Kansas) owned by Kroger{
Econofoods (Minneapolis-St. Paul; western Wisconsin)
Edwards Food Giant (Central and eastern Arkansas)
Fairway Market (Northern New Jersey, Southern New York)
Fareway (Iowa, South Dakota, North Dakota, Nebraska, Minnesota)
Felpausch (Michigan)
Festival Foods (Minnesota, Wisconsin)
Food Bazaar Supermarkets (Connecticut, New Jersey, New York)
Food Town (Houston, Texas)
FoodFair (eastern Kentucky, southeastern Ohio, western West Virginia)
Foodland (Hawaii)

Sack&Save

FoodLand Supermarkets (Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia)
Foodtown (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania)
Fred Meyer (Washington, Oregon, Idaho, Alaska) owned by Kroger
Fresh & Easy (California, Arizona, and Nevada) – Out of business; former division of Yucaipa Companies
Fresh Foods IGA (North Carolina)
Gelson's Markets (Southern California)
Gerland's Food Fair (Houston, Texas)
Giant Eagle (Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Maryland)
Giant Value (Massachusetts)
Giantway (Michigan)
Glen's Markets (Northern Michigan)
Gordy's County Market (Western Wisconsin) (in receivership as of 2017)
Gourmet Garage (mostly in Manhattan, New York City)
Great American Food Stores (New York)
Great Valu Markets (Delaware, Maryland, North Carolina, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia)
Gristedes (mostly in Manhattan, New York City)
Grocer's Pride (Houston, Texas; Mississippi)
H-E-B (Texas, Mexico)

Central Market
H-E-B Plus

Haggen Food & Pharmacy (Oregon, Washington)

Top Food & Drug

Harding's Friendly Markets (Southwestern Michigan)
Harmons Grocery (Utah)
Harp's Market (Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma) – competes against Walmart in small towns; larger stores include sporting goods
Harvest Foods (Arkansas) – created when Safeway divested its Little Rock division in the late 1980s. Assets bought by former employees. In the early 1990s, Harvest Foods went bankrupt and Affiliated Foods Southwest bought the chain — with AFS later filing for its own bankruptcy in 2009. Selected stores formerly carrying the Harvest Foods banner were purchased and rebranded by Kroger and Brookshire's at the time of the Harvest Foods bankruptcy. Additionally, some store locations were purchased and rebranded by Edwards Food Giant following the AFS bankruptcy. Surviving stores are independently owned and operated.
Harvest Foods (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington) – a regional network of 37 independently owned and operated stores, unrelated to the Arkansas chain
Heinen's Fine Foods (Greater Cleveland, Ohio and Greater Chicago, Illinois)
Hiller's Market (Greater Detroit)
Holiday Foods (Southern Indiana)
Holiday Quality Foods (Northern California)
Hollywood Super Market (Northern Detroit suburbs)
Homeland (Kansas, Oklahoma, Georgia, formerly Texas)
Houchens Industries (Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois)

Buehler's Buy-Low (Kentucky, Illinois, Indiana)
Food Giant
Hank's Market
Houchens Markets
IGA (Franchisee)
Mad Butcher
Price Less Foods/Price Less IGA
Sav-A-Lot (Franchisee)

Hugo's (Minnesota, North Dakota)
Hy-Vee (246 stores in Iowa, Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, South Dakota, Wisconsin)
Ingles Markets (201 stores in Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia)

Sav-Mor Foods (North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee)

Jack 'n Jill (North Dakota)
Jerry's Foods (Minnesota)
Jons Marketplace (Los Angeles, California area)
Jubilee Foods (Minnesota)
K-VA-T Food Stores (Georgia, Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia)

Food City
Super Dollar Discount Foods

Karns Quality Foods (Harrisburg, Pennsylvania area)
Key Food (New York, New Jersey and Connecticut)

The Food Emporium (New York City area)
Super Fresh (New York, New Jersey)

King Kullen (Long Island)
Kings (New Jersey, New York)

Balducci's (New York City, Washington, D.C., and their suburbs)

Kowalski's (Minnesota)
Kuhn's Quality Foods (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)
Lakeview Grocery (New Orleans, Louisiana)
Landis Supermarkets (Southeastern Pennsylvania)
Lauer's Supermarket and Bakery (Pasadena and Riviera Beach, Maryland)
Lin's Fresh Market (Utah)
Lowes Foods (North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia)
Lowe's Market (Texas, New Mexico)
Lunds & Byerlys (Minnesota)
Mac's Fresh Market (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi)
Mac's Market (New Hampshire, New York, Vermont)
Macey's Market (Northern Utah)
Magruder's (Washington, D.C. area)
Mariano's (Chicago area)
Market Basket (Southeastern Texas, Southwestern Louisiana)
Market Basket (New England) (see DeMoulas' Market Basket)
Market of Choice (Oregon)
Mars (Baltimore, Maryland area) - As of late May 2016, 5 stores being sold to Weis markets, the remaining 8 will be sold or closed by the end of July, 2016
Martin's Super Markets (Indiana, Michigan)
Matherne's Supermarkets (Baton Rouge, Louisiana area)
Mayfair Markets (Hollywood, California)
McCaffrey's (New Jersey, Pennsylvania)
Meijer (Midwest)
Met Foodmarkets (New York City, New Jersey, Massachusetts)
Miller's Fresh Foods (North Dakota)
Morton Williams (New York, New Jersey)
Mrs. Green's Natural Market (New York)
Murphy's Marketplace (New Jersey)
Nam Dae Mun Farmers Market (Georgia)
Natural Grocers by Vitamin Cottage (Colorado, Utah, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Nebraska, Missouri, Kansas, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona)
New Deal Market (California)
New Deal Supermarket (Jackson, Mississippi)
New Seasons Market (Portland, Oregon)
Northgate Gonzalez Markets (southern California)
Nugget Markets (Northern California)
Obrien's Market (California)
Omni Foods (Massachusetts and New Hampshire)
Payless Foods (Southern California)
Petosa's Family Grocery (Edmonds, Washington) - out of business[7]
Piggly Wiggly (Southeastern US, Wisconsin)
PJP Marketplace (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania)
Plum Market (Detroit area)
Preston-Safeway (Central Indiana) – unrelated to Safeway Inc.
Price Chopper (New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Vermont, Massachusetts, New Hampshire) – unrelated to Associated Wholesale Grocers in Kansas/Missouri; stores are being renovated and then renamed Market 32 to signify the founding of the company in 1932
Price Chopper (Kansas City metro area; Associated Wholesale Grocers in Kansas/Missouri)
PriceRite (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia)
Publix (Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia)
Pueblo (Puerto Rico)
Quality Foods (Georgia and South Carolina)
R Ranch Markets (Southern California)
Raley's (California, Nevada)

Bel Air Markets
Nob Hill Foods

Ramey's Marketplace (Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana)
Ray's Food Place (California, Oregon)
Ream's Food Stores (Northern Utah)
Reasors (Eastern Oklahoma)
Red Apple (Oregon and Washington)
Redner's Warehouse Markets (eastern Pennsylvania; also in Delaware and Maryland)
Remke Markets bigg's (Cincinnati, Ohio area)
Rice Supermarkets (Houston, Texas)
Ridley's Family Markets (Idaho, Nevada, Utah, Wyoming)
Riesbeck Food Markets (Ohio and West Virginia)

Pick 'N Save (east-central Ohio and Wisconsin)

Robèrt Fresh Market (New Orleans, Louisiana area)
Roche Bros (Massachusetts)

Sudbury Farms (Massachusetts)

Rosauers (Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington)

Huckleberry's Natural Market (Spokane, Washington)

Roth's Fresh Markets (Oregon)
Rouse's Supermarket (Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi)
Save Mart Supermarkets (California: Bay Area, Central Valley; northern Nevada)

FoodMaxx
Lucky Stores (Bay Area, California)
S-Mart Foods (Lodi and Stockton, California)

Schnucks (Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee)
Scolari's Food and Drug (California, Nevada)
Seller's Brothers (Houston, Texas)
Sentry Foods (Wisconsin)
Shaw's and Star Market (New England)
Shop 'n Save (Pennsylvania, Ohio, West Virginia, Missouri, Illinois, Iowa )
ShopRite (Connecticut, Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania)
Smart & Final (Commerce, California)
Southeastern Grocers (southeastern US)

BI-LO
Harveys
Winn-Dixie
Fresco y Más

Stater Brothers (California)
Stew Leonard's (Connecticut, New York)
Strack & Van Til (Illinois, Indiana)

Town & Country Food Market – discount division (Indiana; Chicago suburbs)
Ultra Foods – discount division (Indiana; Chicago suburbs)

Straub's Markets (St. Louis, Missouri)
Sullivan's Foods (Illinois)
Sunflower Farmers Market (Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Texas, Utah) – owned by founder of Wild Oats
Sunfresh Market (Kansas, Missouri)
Sunset Foods (Illinois)
Super A Foods (Los Angeles; Southern California)
Super One Foods (Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, North Dakota)
Superior Grocers (Southern California)
Superking Market (California, Orange County)
Supermercados Selectos - 37 stores in Puerto Rico
Supersol (New York City, Long Island, Westchester)
Supremo Supermarket (New Jersey, Pennsylvania)
The Fresh Grocer (Pennsylvania, Delaware)
Thriftway Supermarkets (Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Kansas, Missouri)
Times Supermarkets (Hawaii)
Tom Thumb Food & Pharmacy (Dallas/Fort Worth Metroplex)
Tops - primarily Pennsylvania and New York, and a few former Grand Union stores in Vermon -
Trade Fair (Queens County, New York City)
Treasure Island (Chicago and Wilmette, Illinois)
Tresierras Supermarkets (Southern California)
Trig's (Wisconsin)
Turco's (New York)
Turnip Truck (Nashville TN Area)
United Grocery Outlet (Tennessee, North Carolina)
Vallarta Supermarkets (Los Angeles; southern California)
Valley Marketplace (Southern California; Reseda, Simi Valley, Valencia)
Valu Food Wearhouse (Rosemead, California) San Fernando Location Closed in 2013 and changed to El Super
Village Market Food Center (Antrim County, Michigan)
Wade's (Virginia)
Wayne's Hometown Market (Hoxie, Ar)
Wegmans (Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia)
Weis Markets (Pennsylvania, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, West Virginia)

Save-a-Lot (Pennsylvania, New York)

Wesselman's (southern Indiana; Louisville, Kentucky area)
Westborn Market (Michigan)
Western Beef (New York City, New Jersey, Florida)
Western Supermarket (Birmingham, Alabama)
Whole Foods Market (Downtown, Baltimore)
WinCo Foods (Arizona, California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington)
Wise Way (Indiana)
Woods Supermarket (Missouri)
Woodman's Food Market (Illinois, Wisconsin)
Yoke's Fresh Market (Spokane, Washington)

text: Retailers' cooperatives[edit]

text:
Affiliated Food Stores (Texas panhandle, Oklahoma, Kansas, New Mexico, Colorado, Arizona, Wyoming)
Affiliated Foods Midwest (Colorado, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Wisconsin)
Associated Food Stores – formerly Pacific Mercantile Cooperative; also see Western Family Foods

Lee's Marketplace

Associated Grocers
Associated Grocers of Florida
Associated Grocers of New England

Apple Market
Cash Saver
Country Mart
Price Chopper / Price Mart (Kansas City, Missouri area) – unrelated to Price Chopper in the Northeast
SunFresh
ThriftWay

Associated Grocers of the South
Associated Wholesale Grocers
Associated Wholesalers
Central Grocers Cooperative
Great Valu (Delaware, Maryland, New Jersey, North Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia)
IGA
Shurfine Markets (Pennsylvania, New York, Maryland)

ShurSave (northeastern Pennsylvania)

Spartan Stores (Michigan – operates several banners, including Glen's Markets, D&W Food Centers, and Family Fare Supermarkets; Spartan Stores is a supplier for smaller supermarkets)
Thrift Way / Shop n Bag (New Jersey; Philadelphia)
Unified Grocers
Wakefern Food Corporation
Western Family Foods (supermarket wholesaler) – formerly Pacific Mercantile Cooperative

text: Deep-discount and limited-assortment chains[edit]

text:
99 Cents Only Stores
Aldi
Lidl
Big Lots
Cash & Carry (Chicago)
Dollar General
Dollar Tree
Family Dollar
Food 4 Less (Kroger operates Food 4 Less stores in California, Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio. In markets that Kroger does not have the rights to the Food 4 Less name, it operates as Foods Co)(San Diego, Los Angeles area and northern California; Arizona, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Nebraska, Nevada, Missouri)
Grocery Outlet (West)
Marc's (Ohio)

Xpect Discounts (Connecticut) - these stores are now closed

PriceRite (Connecticut, Massachusetts, Maryland, New Jersey, New York, New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Virginia) – owned and operated by Wakefern Food Corporation
Ruler Foods
Save-A-Lot
Sharp Shopper (Pennsylvania, Virginia)
Smart & Final (West) - also owns Henry's Farmers Market and Sun Harvest
United Grocery Outlet (Tennessee, North Carolina)
WinCo Foods (West)

text: Ethnic chains[edit]

text: Asian[edit]

text:
H-Mart, Han Ah Reum - the largest Asian-American & the largest Korean-American chain in the United States (California, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Texas, Virginia, Washington) - Korean-American supermarket chain
99 Ranch Market – the largest Asian-American supermarket chain on the West Coast
Ai Hoa Supermarket – formerly a Chinese-Vietnamese-American chain in southern California; now operates one store in Chinatown, Los Angeles
Asian Food Center (New Jersey)
CAM Asian Market (Ohio)
Food Maxx International (Virginia)
Galleria Market (southern California) – Korean American

H K Market

Global Food International (Maryland, Virginia)
Great Wall Supermarket (Georgia, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Virginia)
Grand Mart, Korean-American supermarket chain (Washington, D.C., North Carolina and Georgia)
Assi Market, Korean-American multinational supermarket chain (Canada, US, UK)
Hong Kong Food Market - Vietnamese supermarket (Louisiana)
Hong Kong Supermarket – Chinese-American supermarket chain
Island Pacific Supermarket (California) – Filipino American
Kam Man Food (New York, New Jersey, Massachusetts) – small Asian American supermarket chain
Lion Food (Northern California) Vietnamese-Chinese supermarket
Lotte Plaza, Korean-American supermarket (Maryland, Virginia)
Marukai – Japanese American supermarket
Mitsuwa (New Jersey, Illinois, California) – Japanese American supermarket and shopping center
Nam Dae Mun Farmers Market (Georgia)
New India Bazar (California) — small Indian, Pakistani and Sri-Lankan supermarket chain in San Francisco Bay Area
Nijiya Market (California, Hawaii, New York) - organic Japanese American supermarket
O-Mart, Super Oriental Market (Killeen, Texas)
Ocean Mart (Utah)
Pacific Ocean Market (Colorado)
Patel Brothers (43 locations in 19 states) - Indian supermarket chain
Rani's World Foods (6 locations in California, Texas & Nevada) - Indian supermarket chain
Skyfood Supermarket (6 locations in New York) - Asian Oriental Supermarket. First oriental e-commerce supermarket to offer local delivery and nationwide shipping.
Seafood City (California, Hawaii, Washington, Nevada) – Filipino American
Shun Fat Supermarket (California, Nevada) - Chinese Vietnamese American chain
Super 88 Market (Boston area) – Asian American
Super G Mart, Korean-American supermarket (Charlotte, North Carolina)
Uwajimaya (Seattle, Washington, Oregon)

text: Hispanic/Latino[edit]

text:
Arteagas Food Center (10+ stores in Northern California)
Avanza Supermarket (Denver)
Baja Ranch Supermarket (formerly King Ranch Markets) - Hispanic chain in southern California
Bestway Supermarket (Maryland, Virginia)
Big Saver Foods (16 stores in Los Angeles area)
Bravo (Northeast and Florida)
Carnicerias Jiminez (8 stores in Chicago area)
Carnival – Dallas area-chain operated by Minyard Food Stores; sold majority of stores to Grocers Supply in August 2008; later most stores (including El Rancho, Jerry's, Terry's) were sold to Dallas-area independent retailers; other stores were kept by Grocers Supply (Fiesta Mart) or turned into Fiestas
Cardenas Supermarkets – Hispanic supermarket chain in Riverside and San Bernardino counties, California
Compare Foods – over 60 stores in New York City, Long Island, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, and North Carolina
Fiesta Mart – Mexican-American, primarily in Texas
Food Bazaar Supermarkets (Connecticut, New Jersey, New York)
Food City (Arizona) – Hispanic; owned by Bashas
Foodarama (Texas area)
Fresh World International Supermarket (Northern Virginia)
Freshco (Central Florida area)
González Northgate – Hispanic supermarket in the Los Angeles, San Diego, and Orange County areas of California
Ideal Market - Latin Market; Mexican and Central American chain located in the New Orleans metro area
Ideal Market - 3 stores in Pennsylvania
Jalisco Supermarket - Hispanic chain in Louisiana (4 stores)
K.V. Mart (Los Angeles area - operates as Top Valu and Buy Low Markets)
La Bonita Supermarkets (Las Vegas, NV) Hispanic supermarket chain in Nevada (6 Locations)
Latino Express Grocery - Hispanic chain in New Orleans area (3 stores)
Mariana's (Las Vegas area)
Megamart (DC area)
Milagros de Mexico (Northern California)
Mi Pueblo Food Center (Northern California/Bay Area)
Mi Tienda - Hispanic supermarket division of HEB Stores (one store in Houston, Texas)
La Michoacana Meat Market (Texas) - Hispanic supermarket founded in Houston in 1986, with now over 130 stores in Texas and neighboring states
Nam Dae Mun Farmers Market (Georgia)
Numero Uno Market - Hispanic chain (10 stores in Los Angeles area)
La Placita - Hispanic chain in New Orleans area (4 stores)
Presidente (South Florida - Miami-Dade, Broward & Palm Beach counties)
Pro's Ranch Market / Los Altos Ranch Market – Hispanic (Arizona, California, New Mexico, Texas)
Publix Sabor – Hispanic, operated by Publix
El Pueblo (Newark) - largest Latino supermarket in New Jersey
R Ranch Markets - Hispanic chain in southern California
El Rancho – growing independent Hispanic chain in the Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas area
Rancho Liborio – 11 stores (California, Nevada, Colorado)
Rancho Markets (Utah)
El Rio Grande Latin Market (Texas)
Rio Ranch Markets – operates 8 Hispanic supermarkets in southern California
Saver's Cost Plus (Texas)
Sedano's – Hispanic chain in southern Florida
Seller's Bros. (Houston, Texas)
El Super (Los Angeles, southern Nevada and Phoenix)
Super Market Mexico – online purveyor of Mexican foods
Superior Super Warehouse – Hispanic warehouse supermarket with 28 stores in southern California
Supermercado El Rancho – Hispanic supermarket chain in Texas
Supersaver Foods – Hispanic-geared; operated by Albertsons LLC; chain now closed except for a few stores in Utah
Tenochtitlan Market (Utah) - upscale Latin-American
Terry's / El Mariachi Supermarkets – Hispanic chain (Dallas/Fort Worth, Texas; Oklahoma City)
Tresierras Supermarkets - (southern California)
Twin City Supermarket - Hispanic chain (New Jersey)
Vallarta Supermarkets (California) - caters to the growing Latino population of California and sells items usually not found in more Anglo-oriented American supermarkets
Viva Markets (Utah) - Hispanic grocery market and mini-mall

text: Kosher[edit]

text:
Motty's (Spring valley NY)
New day (spring valley NY)
Wesley Kosher- (Monsey NY)
Evergreen-(Monsey NY)
Seasons – 6 stores (New York, New Jersey)
Breadberry (New York)
Rockland Kosher (Monsey, New York)
Grand & Essex (New Jersey)
Western Kosher (LA)
The Market Place (Brooklyn)
Kosher Konnection (New Jersey)
Gourmet Glatt (Brooklyn, Cedarhurst, Monsey, Lakewood)

text: Specialty and natural foods[edit]

text:
Bristol Farms
Central Market
Dorothy Lane Market – specialty markets in Dayton, Ohio
Earth Fare – North Carolina, Ohio, southeastern US
The Fresh Market (178 stores in 27 states located in the Southeast, Midwest, Mid-Atlantic, Northeast, & California)
FreshDirect – online grocer in New York City
Market of Choice – Oregon
Natural Grocers by Vitamin Cottage
New Seasons Market – Portland, Oregon
PCC Natural Markets – Seattle, Washington area
Spec's Wine, Spirits & Finer Foods – Texas
Sprouts Farmers Market – 240 stores in 15 states from coast to coast
Stew Leonard's – Connecticut; New York
Trader Joe's
Whole Foods Market

text: Defunct chains[edit]


document_title: Bantu Education Act, 1953

question_text: when was the bantu education law passed and implemented

text: Bantu Education Act, 1953

text:
Bantu Education Act, 1953

Act to provide for the transfer of the administration and control of native education from the several provincial administrations to the Government of the Union, and for matters incidental thereto.Citation
Act No. 47 of 1953Enacted by
Parliament of South AfricaDate of Royal Assent
5 October 1986Date commenced
1 January 1954Date repealed
1 January 1980Administered by
Minister of Native AffairsRepealing legislation
Education and Training Act, 1979
Status: Repealed

text: The Bantu Education Act, 1953 (Act No. 47 of 1953; later renamed the Black Education Act, 1953) was a South African segregation law which legalised several aspects of the apartheid system passed by the Apartheid regime which was really not on the side of the black community. Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities.[1] Even universities were made "tribal", and all but three missionary schools chose to close down when the government no longer would help support their schools. Very few authorities continued using their own finances to support education for native Africans.[2] In 1959, this type of education was extended to "non white" universities and colleges with the Extension of University Education Act, and the internationally prestigious University College of Fort Hare was taken over by the government and degraded to being part of the Bantu education system.[3] It is often argued that the policy of Bantu (African) education was aimed to direct black or non-white youth to the unskilled labour market,[4] although Kiyaam Govind, at the time Minister of Native Affairs, claimed that the aim was to solve South Africa's "ethnic problems" by creating complementary economic and political units for different ethnic group.

text: The national authorities of the time is often said to have viewed education as having a rather pivotal position in their goal of eventually separating South Africa from the Bantustans entirely. The Minister of Native Affairs at the time, the "Architect of Apartheid" Hendrik Verwoerd, stated that:[2]

text: "There is no place for [the Bantu] in the European community above the level of certain forms of labour ... What is the use of teaching the Bantu child mathematics when it cannot use it in practice?"

text: The introduction of Bantu Education led to a substantial increase of government funding to the learning institutions of black Africans, but it did not keep up with population increase.[5] The law forced institutions under the direct control of the state and solve white man problems. The National Party now had the power to employ and train teachers as they saw fit. Black teachers' salaries in 1953 were extremely low and resulted in a dramatic drop of trainee teachers. Only one third of the black teachers were qualified.[2]

text: The schools reserved for the country's white children were of Western standards. 30% of the black schools did not have electricity, 25% no running water and less than half had plumbing. The education for Blacks, Indians and Coloureds was substantially cheaper but not free.[2] In the 70s, the per capita governmental spending on black education was one-tenth of the spending on white.[4]

text: In 1976, the Afrikaans Medium Decree of 1974, which forced all black schools to use both Afrikaans and English as languages of instruction beginning with the last year of primary school, led to the Soweto Uprising in which more than 575 people died, at least 134 of them under the age of eighteen.[4][6]

text: The act was repealed in 1979 by the Education and Training Act, 1979, which continued the system of racially segregated education, while also eliminating both discrimination in tuition fees and the segregated Department of Bantu Education and allowing the both use of native tongue education up to the fourth grade and limited attendance at private schools as well.[7] Segregation became unconstitutional after the introduction of the Interim Constitution in 1994, and most sections of the Education and Training Act were repealed by the South African Schools Act, 1996.


document_title: Nothing but the Truth: A Documentary Novel

question_text: what is the setting of nothing but the truth

text: This article consists almost entirely of a plot summary. It should be expanded to provide more balanced coverage that includes real-world context. Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot. (March 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Nothing But The Truth: A Documentary Novel

First hardcover edition

Author
Avi

Country
United States

Language
English

Media type
Print (hardcover, paperback)

Pages
177 pp.

ISBN
0-531-05959-6

OCLC
23252515

text: Nothing But the Truth: A Documentary Novel is a 1992 novel written by Avi. The book is a young adult novel in a modified epistolary style through diary entries, personal letters, school memos and transcripts of dialogue. It tells the story of an incident in a New Hampshire town called Harrison where a boy is suspended from school for humming the United States National Anthem[1] as well as the effects of this story receiving national publicity. The main theme of the novel is the subjectivity of truth and that while individual statements may be true, taken separately they may not give an accurate picture of an event.

text: Nothing But the Truth won a 1992 Newbery Honor.[2][3] The novel was later adapted into a play.[4]

text: Plot Summary[edit]

text: Philip Malloy is a track-obsessed ninth grader at Harrison High School in New Hampshire. He blames his English teacher, Margaret Narwin, for his poor performance in her class, and he earns a D for his grade. Since he is no longer eligible to try out for the track team, he avoids telling his parents and instead pretends that he no longer has an interest in trying out. Throughout his time in school, the number of class time disturbances increases. Irrelevant jokes and sassy answers to test questions culminate in his humming the national anthem when he's meant to stand "at silent, respectful attention." In each occurrence, Narwin asks him to stop multiple times. After three days of humming, he is given the chance to apologize to Narwin for his disrespect towards her. After Philip refuses to express regret, Vice Principal Dr. Joseph Palleni is called by district mandated procedure to suspend him for a two days.

text: Philip then tells his parents that he was suspended for singing the National Anthem. Mr. Malloy (Philip's father), reports this to their neighbor, Ted Griffen, who is running for the Harrison School District school board. Ted gives Philip an interview with Ms. Jennifer Stewart, a reporter who is interviewing Mr. Griffen. Ms. Stewart pursues Philip's story about suspension, going on to speak to many of the adults involved: the school superintendent, Dr. Albert Seymour (who says adamantly that there is no policy against singing the national anthem but is not aware of the context), the principal Dr. Gertrude Doane (who received a short memo on the subject), the assistant principal Dr. Joseph Palleni (who is defensive about his level of involvement), and Miss Narwin (who seems stunned and offers no comment to Ms. Stewart).

text: After Ms. Stewart publishes a slanted newspaper article that quickly gains national attention thanks to the Associated Press, Philip is regarded by many as a patriotic victim. Meanwhile, Harrison School District is at their breaking point with elections coming up and the fear that the school could face further budget cuts. Because of the vilification about her in the news, Miss Narwin is asked to take a break from teaching, and she reluctantly agrees. She then chooses to resign and visit her sister in Florida. Ted Griffen uses Philip's story as a platform for election and is elected to the Harrison School district school board. When Philip returns to school, he has trouble adjusting to his new found fame and becomes an outcast. However, some of his fame is directed with anger about getting rid of Narwin, for she was Allison's (the girl Phil had romantic feelings towards) favorite teacher. To make matters worse, his friend informs him that the student body is starting a petition to make Philip admit that he was wrong, which was an idea given from the track coach, Coach Jamison. This leads to a breaking point where he chooses to skip school, causing a concern for his parents.

text: Eventually, Philip's mother decides to transfer him to a private school called Washington Academy, despite her husband protesting against the idea, as it would take up all his son's money for college. At Philip's new school, he is asked to show his patriotism by singing along to "The Star-Spangled Banner." At that moment, he starts to cry and admits, "I don't know the words."


document_title: List of U.S. state abbreviations

question_text: what is the abbreviation for the state of missouri

text: List of U.S. state abbreviations

text: Table[edit]

text: This table includes abbreviations for three independent nations related to the United States through Compacts of Free Association, and other comparable postal abbreviations, including those now obsolete.

text:
Codes and abbreviations for U.S. states, territories and other regions

Codes:

    ISO
ISO 3166 codes (2-letter, 3-letter and 3-digit codes from ISO 3166-1; 2+2-letter codes from ISO 3166-2)

    ANSI
2-letter and 2-digit codes from the ANSI standard INCITS 38:2009

    USPS
2-letter codes used by the United States Postal Service

    USCG
2-letter codes used by the United States Coast Guard (red text shows differences between ANSI and USCG)

Abbreviations:

    GPO
Older variable-length official US Government Printing Office abbreviations

    AP
Abbreviations from the AP Stylebook (red text shows differences between GPO and AP)

Name and status of region
ISO
ANSI
USPS
USCG
GPO
AP
Other
abbreviations

 United States of America
Federal state
US
USA
840
US
00

U.S.
U.S.
U.S.A.

 Alabama
State
US-AL
AL
01
AL
AL
Ala.
Ala.

 Alaska
State
US-AK
AK
02
AK
AK
Alaska
Alaska
Alas.

 Arizona
State
US-AZ
AZ
04
AZ
AZ
Ariz.
Ariz.
Az.

 Arkansas
State
US-AR
AR
05
AR
AR
Ark.
Ark.

 California
State
US-CA
CA
06
CA
CF
Calif.
Calif.
Ca., Cal.

 Colorado
State
US-CO
CO
08
CO
CL
Colo.
Colo.
Col.

 Connecticut
State
US-CT
CT
09
CT
CT
Conn.
Conn.
Ct.

 Delaware
State
US-DE
DE
10
DE
DL
Del.
Del.
De.

 District of Columbia
Federal district
US-DC
DC
11
DC
DC
D.C.
D.C.
Wash. D.C.

 Florida
State
US-FL
FL
12
FL
FL
Fla.
Fla.
Fl., Flor.

 Georgia
State
US-GA
GA
13
GA
GA
Ga.
Ga.

 Hawaii
State
US-HI
HI
15
HI
HA
Hawaii
Hawaii
H.I.

 Idaho
State
US-ID
ID
16
ID
ID
Idaho
Idaho
Id., Ida.

 Illinois
State
US-IL
IL
17
IL
IL
Ill.
Ill.
Il., Ills., Ill's

 Indiana
State
US-IN
IN
18
IN
IN
Ind.
Ind.
In.

 Iowa
State
US-IA
IA
19
IA
IA
Iowa
Iowa
Ia., Ioa.[1]

 Kansas
State
US-KS
KS
20
KS
KA
Kans.
Kan.
Ks., Ka.

 Kentucky
State (Commonwealth)
US-KY
KY
21
KY
KY
Ky.
Ky.
Ken., Kent.

 Louisiana
State
US-LA
LA
22
LA
LA
La.
La.

 Maine
State
US-ME
ME
23
ME
ME
Maine
Maine
Me.

 Maryland
State
US-MD
MD
24
MD
MD
Md.
Md.

 Massachusetts
State (Commonwealth)
US-MA
MA
25
MA
MS
Mass.
Mass.

 Michigan
State
US-MI
MI
26
MI
MC
Mich.
Mich.

 Minnesota
State
US-MN
MN
27
MN
MN
Minn.
Minn.
Mn.

 Mississippi
State
US-MS
MS
28
MS
MI
Miss.
Miss.

 Missouri
State
US-MO
MO
29
MO
MO
Mo.
Mo.

 Montana
State
US-MT
MT
30
MT
MT
Mont.
Mont.

 Nebraska
State
US-NE
NE
31
NE
NB
Nebr.
Neb.

 Nevada
State
US-NV
NV
32
NV
NV
Nev.
Nev.
Nv.

 New Hampshire
State
US-NH
NH
33
NH
NH
N.H.
N.H.

 New Jersey
State
US-NJ
NJ
34
NJ
NJ
N.J.
N.J.
N.Jersey

 New Mexico
State
US-NM
NM
35
NM
NM
N. Mex.
N.M.
New M.

 New York
State
US-NY
NY
36
NY
NY
N.Y.
N.Y.
N. York

 North Carolina
State
US-NC
NC
37
NC
NC
N.C.
N.C.
N. Car.

  North Dakota
State
US-ND
ND
38
ND
ND
N. Dak.
N.D.
NoDak

 Ohio
State
US-OH
OH
39
OH
OH
Ohio
Ohio
O., Oh.

 Oklahoma
State
US-OK
OK
40
OK
OK
Okla.
Okla.
Ok.

 Oregon
State
US-OR
OR
41
OR
OR
Oreg.
Ore.
Or.

 Pennsylvania
State (Commonwealth)
US-PA
PA
42
PA
PA
Pa.
Pa.
Penn., Penna.

 Rhode Island
State
US-RI
RI
44
RI
RI
R.I.
R.I.
R.I. & P.P., R. Isl.

 South Carolina
State
US-SC
SC
45
SC
SC
S.C.
S.C.
S. Car.

 South Dakota
State
US-SD
SD
46
SD
SD
S. Dak.
S.D.
SoDak

 Tennessee
State
US-TN
TN
47
TN
TN
Tenn.
Tenn.

 Texas
State
US-TX
TX
48
TX
TX
Tex.
Texas
Tx.

 Utah
State
US-UT
UT
49
UT
UT
Utah
Utah
Ut.

 Vermont
State
US-VT
VT
50
VT
VT
Vt.
Vt.

 Virginia
State (Commonwealth)
US-VA
VA
51
VA
VA
Va.
Va.
Virg.

 Washington
State
US-WA
WA
53
WA
WN
Wash.
Wash.
Wa., Wn.[2]

 West Virginia
State
US-WV
WV
54
WV
WV
W. Va.
W.Va.
W.V., W. Virg.

 Wisconsin
State
US-WI
WI
55
WI
WS
Wis.
Wis.
Wi., Wisc.

 Wyoming
State
US-WY
WY
56
WY
WY
Wyo.
Wyo.
Wy.

 American Samoa
Insular area (Territory)
AS
ASM
016
US-AS
AS
60
AS
AS
A.S.

 Guam
Insular area (Territory)
GU
GUM
316
US-GU
GU
66
GU
GU
Guam

 Northern Mariana Islands
Insular area (Commonwealth)
MP
MNP
580
US-MP
MP
69
MP
CM
M.P.

CNMI[3]

 Puerto Rico
Insular area (Territory)
PR
PRI
630
US-PR
PR
72
PR
PR
P.R.

 U.S. Virgin Islands
Insular area (Territory)
VI
VIR
850
US-VI
VI
78
VI
VI
V.I.

U.S.V.I.

U.S. Minor Outlying Islands
Insular areas
UM
UMI
581
US-UM
UM
74

   Baker Island
   island
UM-81

81

XB[4]

   Howland Island
   island
UM-84

84

XH[4]

   Jarvis Island
   island
UM-86

86

XQ[4]

   Johnston Atoll
   atoll
UM-67

67

XU[4]

   Kingman Reef
   atoll
UM-89

89

XM[4]

   Midway Islands
   atoll
UM-71

71

QM[4]

   Navassa Island
   island
UM-76

76

XV[4]

   Palmyra Atoll[5]
   atoll[5]
UM-95

95

XL[4]

   Wake Island
   atoll
UM-79

79

QW[4]

 Micronesia
Freely associated state
FM
FSM
583
FM
64
FM

 Marshall Islands
Freely associated state
MH
MHL
584
MH
68
MH

 Palau
Freely associated state
PW
PLW
585
PW
70
PW

U.S. Armed Forces – Americas[6]
US military mail code

AA

U.S. Armed Forces – Europe[7]
US military mail code

AE

U.S. Armed Forces – Pacific[8]
US military mail code

AP

 Northern Mariana Islands
Obsolete postal code[9]

CM

Panama Canal Zone
Obsolete postal code
PZ
PCZ
594

CZ

 Nebraska
Obsolete postal code[10]

NB

Philippine Islands
Obsolete postal code
PH
PHL
608[11]

PI

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
Obsolete postal code
PC
PCI
582

TT

text: History[edit]

text: As early as October 1831, the United States Post Office recognized common abbreviations for states and territories. However, they only accepted these abbreviations because of their popularity, preferring that patrons spell names out in full to avoid confusion.[12]

text: The traditional abbreviations for U.S. states and territories, widely used in mailing addresses prior to the introduction of two-letter U.S. postal abbreviations, are still commonly used for other purposes (such as legal citation), and are still recognized (though discouraged) by the Postal Service.[13]

text: Modern two-letter abbreviated codes for the states and territories originated in October 1963, with the issuance of Publication 59: Abbreviations for Use with ZIP Code, three months after the Post Office introduced ZIP codes in July 1963. The purpose, rather than to standardize state abbreviations per se, was to make room in a line of no more than 23 characters for the city, the state, and the ZIP code.[12]

text: Since 1963, only one state abbreviation has changed. Originally Nebraska was "NB"; but, in November 1969, the Post Office changed it to "NE" to avoid confusion with New Brunswick in Canada.[12]

text: The two-letter postal abbreviation system is complicated by the fact that several state names begin with the same letter (e.g., eight state names begin with M and eight begin with N, four "New" and two "North"). To avoid duplications, some abbreviations are not intuitive.

text: Prior to 1987, when the U.S. Secretary of Commerce approved the two-letter codes for use in government documents,[14] the United States Government Printing Office (GPO) suggested its own set of abbreviations, with some states left unabbreviated. Today, the GPO supports United States Postal Service standard.[15]

text: Current use of traditional abbreviations[edit]

text: The Associated Press Stylebook, the usage guide for most United States newspapers, counsels the use of abbreviations for most state names, when appended to a city name (for example, "Santa Ana, Calif."). AP suggests spelling out the names of Alaska, Hawaii, and all states with five or fewer letters; and, unlike the old GPO recommendations, AP suggests spelling out the names of all non-state territories, with the exception of the District of Columbia (D.C.). Legal citation manuals, such as The Bluebook and The ALWD Citation Manual, typically use these "traditional abbreviations" or variants thereof.

text: Codes for states and territories[edit]

text: ISO standard 3166[edit]

text: ANSI standard INCITS 38:2009[edit]

text: The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) established alphabetic and numeric codes for each state and outlying areas in ANSI standard INCITS 38:2009. ANSI standard INCITS 38:2009 replaced the Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) standards FIPS 5-2, FIPS 6-4, and FIPS 10-4. The ANSI alphabetic state code is the same as the USPS state code except for U.S. Minor Outlying Islands, which have an ANSI code "UM" but no USPS code—and U.S. Military Mail locations, which have USPS codes ("AA", "AE", "AP") but no ANSI code.

text: Postal codes[edit]

text: The United States Postal Service has established a set of uppercase abbreviations to help process mail with optical character recognition and other automated equipment.[16] There are also official USPS abbreviations for other parts of the address, such as street designators (street, avenue, road, etc.).

text: These postal abbreviations are distinguished from traditional abbreviations such as Calif., Fla., or Tex. The Associated Press Stylebook states that in contexts other than mailing addresses, the traditional state abbreviations should be used.[17] However, the Chicago Manual of Style now recommends use of the uppercase two-letter abbreviations, with the traditional forms as an option.[18]

text: The postal abbreviation is the same as the ISO 3166-2 subdivision code for each of the fifty states.

text: These codes do not overlap with the 13 Canadian subnational postal abbreviations. The code for Nebraska changed from NB to NE in November 1969 to avoid a conflict with New Brunswick.[12] Canada likewise chose MB for Manitoba to prevent conflict with various U.S. states.

text: Coast Guard vessel prefixes[edit]

text: The U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) uses a set of two-letter prefixes for vessel numbers;[19] 39 states and the District of Columbia have the same USPS and USCG abbreviations. USCG prefixes have also been established for five outlying territories; all are the same as the USPS abbreviations except the Mariana Islands. The twelve cases where USPS and USCG abbreviations differ are listed below and marked in red in the table above.

text:
Mis-matches between USPS and USCG codes

California
Colorado
Delaware
Hawaii
Kansas
Michigan
Mississippi
Massachusetts
Nebraska
Washington
Wisconsin
Mariana Islands

USPS
CA
CO
DE
HI
KS
MI
MS
MA
NE
WA
WI
MP

USCG
CF
CL
DL
HA
KA
MC
MI
MS
NB
WN
WS
CM


document_title: Chopped Junior

question_text: when does the new season of chopped junior start

text: Chopped Junior

text: Format[edit]

text: Like its predecessor Chopped, four chefs compete, however, these contestants are between the ages of 9 and 15. Their challenge is to take a mystery basket of ingredients and turn them into a dish that is judged on its creativity, presentation and taste. On each round, the chefs are given a basket containing between three and five ingredients, and the dish each competitor prepares must use each ingredient in some way, and although forgetting an ingredient isn't an automatic disqualification, the judges will take it into consideration. The ingredients are often not commonly prepared together. The competitors are given access to a pantry and refrigerator stocked with a wide variety of other ingredients.

text: Unlike the adult version of Chopped, the younger competitors are given 30 minutes for the appetizer round, but the entrée and dessert rounds are both still 30 minutes.

text: The dishes prepared by the competitors are critiqued by a panel of judges. The dishes are scored based on presentation, taste and creativity. The judges then decide which chef is "chopped," and is eliminated from the competition. The winner receives $10,000 and a coveted Chopped Junior chef's coat.

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
13
October 27, 2015 (2015-10-27)
January 19, 2016 (2016-01-19)

2
13
April 26, 2016 (2016-04-26)
July 19, 2016 (2016-07-19)

3
13
July 26, 2016 (2016-07-26)
December 13, 2016 (2016-12-13)

4
13
August 9, 2016 (2016-08-09)
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)

5
13
January 31, 2017 (2017-01-31)
May 16, 2017 (2017-05-16)

6*
13
March 8, 2017 (2017-03-08)
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)

Includes 4 part "Make Me a Judge" special.

7*
13
May 30, 2017 (2017-05-30)
TBA (TBA)

Includes 5 part "Champions" special.

text: Episode list[edit]


document_title: Pig wing

question_text: what part of the pig do pork wings come from

text: Pig wing

text: This article is an orphan, as no other articles link to it. Please introduce links to this page from related articles; try the Find link tool for suggestions. (August 2014)

text: Pig wings are a pork product made from the fibula of a pig's shank[1] - a single bone surrounded by lean, tender meat.[2]


document_title: List of The Walking Dead episodes

question_text: what was the name of last week's walking dead episode

question_tokens: what was the name of last week 's walking dead episode

text: List of The Walking Dead episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
6
October 31, 2010 (2010-10-31)
December 5, 2010 (2010-12-05)

2
13
October 16, 2011 (2011-10-16)
March 18, 2012 (2012-03-18)

3
16
October 14, 2012 (2012-10-14)
March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31)

4
16
October 13, 2013 (2013-10-13)
March 30, 2014 (2014-03-30)

5
16
October 12, 2014 (2014-10-12)
March 29, 2015 (2015-03-29)

6
16
October 11, 2015 (2015-10-11)
April 3, 2016 (2016-04-03)

7
16
October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
April 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)

8
16[3]
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2010)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Days Gone Bye"
Frank Darabont
Teleplay by : Frank Darabont
October 31, 2010 (2010-10-31)
5.35[5]

2
2
"Guts"
Michelle MacLaren
Frank Darabont
November 7, 2010 (2010-11-07)
4.71[6]

3
3
"Tell It to the Frogs"
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
Story by : Charles H. Eglee & Jack LoGiudice
Teleplay by : Charles H. Eglee & Jack LoGiudice and Frank Darabont
November 14, 2010 (2010-11-14)
5.07[7]

4
4
"Vatos"
Johan Renck
Robert Kirkman
November 21, 2010 (2010-11-21)
4.75[8]

5
5
"Wildfire"
Ernest Dickerson
Glen Mazzara
November 28, 2010 (2010-11-28)
5.56[9]

6
6
"TS-19"
Guy Ferland
Adam Fierro and Frank Darabont
December 5, 2010 (2010-12-05)
5.97[10]

text: Season 2 (2011–12)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

7
1
"What Lies Ahead"
Ernest Dickerson
Gwyneth Horder-Payton
Ardeth Bey and Robert Kirkman
October 16, 2011 (2011-10-16)
7.26[11]

8
2
"Bloodletting"
Ernest Dickerson
Glen Mazzara
October 23, 2011 (2011-10-23)
6.70[12]

9
3
"Save the Last One"
Phil Abraham
Scott M. Gimple
October 30, 2011 (2011-10-30)
6.10[13]

10
4
"Cherokee Rose"
Billy Gierhart
Evan Reilly
November 6, 2011 (2011-11-06)
6.29[14]

11
5
"Chupacabra"
Guy Ferland
David Leslie Johnson
November 13, 2011 (2011-11-13)
6.12[15]

12
6
"Secrets"
David Boyd
Angela Kang
November 20, 2011 (2011-11-20)
6.08[16]

13
7
"Pretty Much Dead Already"
Michelle MacLaren
Scott M. Gimple
November 27, 2011 (2011-11-27)
6.62[17]

14
8
"Nebraska"
Clark Johnson
Evan Reilly
February 12, 2012 (2012-02-12)
8.10[18]

15
9
"Triggerfinger"
Billy Gierhart
David Leslie Johnson
February 19, 2012 (2012-02-19)
6.89[19]

16
10
"18 Miles Out"
Ernest Dickerson
Scott M. Gimple & Glen Mazzara
February 26, 2012 (2012-02-26)
7.04[20]

17
11
"Judge, Jury, Executioner"
Greg Nicotero
Angela Kang
March 4, 2012 (2012-03-04)
6.77[21]

18
12
"Better Angels"
Guy Ferland
Evan Reilly & Glen Mazzara
March 11, 2012 (2012-03-11)
6.89[22]

19
13
"Beside the Dying Fire"
Ernest Dickerson
Robert Kirkman & Glen Mazzara
March 18, 2012 (2012-03-18)
8.99[23]

text: Season 3 (2012–13)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

20
1
"Seed"
Ernest Dickerson
Glen Mazzara
October 14, 2012 (2012-10-14)
10.87[24]

21
2
"Sick"
Billy Gierhart
Nichole Beattie
October 21, 2012 (2012-10-21)
9.55[25]

22
3
"Walk with Me"
Guy Ferland
Evan Reilly
October 28, 2012 (2012-10-28)
10.51[26]

23
4
"Killer Within"
Guy Ferland
Sang Kyu Kim
November 4, 2012 (2012-11-04)
9.27[27]

24
5
"Say the Word"
Greg Nicotero
Angela Kang
November 11, 2012 (2012-11-11)
10.37[28]

25
6
"Hounded"
Dan Attias
Scott M. Gimple
November 18, 2012 (2012-11-18)
9.21[29]

26
7
"When the Dead Come Knocking"
Dan Sackheim
Frank Renzulli
November 25, 2012 (2012-11-25)
10.43[30]

27
8
"Made to Suffer"
Billy Gierhart
Robert Kirkman
December 2, 2012 (2012-12-02)
10.48[31]

28
9
"The Suicide King"
Lesli Linka Glatter
Evan Reilly
February 10, 2013 (2013-02-10)
12.26[32]

29
10
"Home"
Seith Mann
Nichole Beattie
February 17, 2013 (2013-02-17)
11.05[33]

30
11
"I Ain't a Judas"
Greg Nicotero
Angela Kang
February 24, 2013 (2013-02-24)
11.01[34]

31
12
"Clear"
Tricia Brock
Scott M. Gimple
March 3, 2013 (2013-03-03)
11.30[35]

32
13
"Arrow on the Doorpost"
David Boyd
Ryan C. Coleman
March 10, 2013 (2013-03-10)
11.46[36]

33
14
"Prey"
Stefan Schwartz
Glen Mazzara & Evan Reilly
March 17, 2013 (2013-03-17)
10.84[37]

34
15
"This Sorrowful Life"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple
March 24, 2013 (2013-03-24)
10.99[38]

35
16
"Welcome to the Tombs"
Ernest Dickerson
Glen Mazzara
March 31, 2013 (2013-03-31)
12.42[39]

text: Season 4 (2013–14)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

36
1
"30 Days Without an Accident"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple
October 13, 2013 (2013-10-13)
16.11[40]

37
2
"Infected"
Guy Ferland
Angela Kang
October 20, 2013 (2013-10-20)
13.95[41]

38
3
"Isolation"
Dan Sackheim
Robert Kirkman
October 27, 2013 (2013-10-27)
12.92[42]

39
4
"Indifference"
Tricia Brock
Matthew Negrete
November 3, 2013 (2013-11-03)
13.31[43]

40
5
"Internment"
David Boyd
Channing Powell
November 10, 2013 (2013-11-10)
12.20[44]

41
6
"Live Bait"
Michael Uppendahl
Nichole Beattie
November 17, 2013 (2013-11-17)
12.00[45]

42
7
"Dead Weight"
Jeremy Podeswa
Curtis Gwinn
November 24, 2013 (2013-11-24)
11.29[46]

43
8
"Too Far Gone"
Ernest Dickerson
Seth Hoffman
December 1, 2013 (2013-12-01)
12.05[47]

44
9
"After"
Greg Nicotero
Robert Kirkman
February 9, 2014 (2014-02-09)
15.76[48]

45
10
"Inmates"
Tricia Brock
Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell
February 16, 2014 (2014-02-16)
13.34[49]

46
11
"Claimed"
Seith Mann
Nichole Beattie & Seth Hoffman
February 23, 2014 (2014-02-23)
13.12[50]

47
12
"Still"
Julius Ramsay
Angela Kang
March 2, 2014 (2014-03-02)
12.61[51]

48
13
"Alone"
Ernest Dickerson
Curtis Gwinn
March 9, 2014 (2014-03-09)
12.65[52]

49
14
"The Grove"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Scott M. Gimple
March 16, 2014 (2014-03-16)
12.87[53]

50
15
"Us"
Greg Nicotero
Nichole Beattie & Seth Hoffman
March 23, 2014 (2014-03-23)
13.47[54]

51
16
"A"
Michelle MacLaren
Scott M. Gimple & Angela Kang
March 30, 2014 (2014-03-30)
15.68[55]

text: Season 5 (2014–15)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

52
1
"No Sanctuary"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple
October 12, 2014 (2014-10-12)
17.29[56]

53
2
"Strangers"
David Boyd
Robert Kirkman
October 19, 2014 (2014-10-19)
15.14[57]

54
3
"Four Walls and a Roof"
Jeffrey F. January
Angela Kang & Corey Reed
October 26, 2014 (2014-10-26)
13.80[58]

55
4
"Slabtown"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell
November 2, 2014 (2014-11-02)
14.52[59]

56
5
"Self Help"
Ernest Dickerson
Heather Bellson & Seth Hoffman
November 9, 2014 (2014-11-09)
13.53[60]

57
6
"Consumed"
Seith Mann
Matthew Negrete & Corey Reed
November 16, 2014 (2014-11-16)
14.07[61]

58
7
"Crossed"
Billy Gierhart
Seth Hoffman
November 23, 2014 (2014-11-23)
13.33[62]

59
8
"Coda"
Ernest Dickerson
Angela Kang
November 30, 2014 (2014-11-30)
14.81[63]

60
9
"What Happened and What's Going On"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple
February 8, 2015 (2015-02-08)
15.64[64]

61
10
"Them"
Julius Ramsay
Heather Bellson
February 15, 2015 (2015-02-15)
12.27[65]

62
11
"The Distance"
Larysa Kondracki
Seth Hoffman
February 22, 2015 (2015-02-22)
13.44[66]

63
12
"Remember"
Greg Nicotero
Channing Powell
March 1, 2015 (2015-03-01)
14.43[67]

64
13
"Forget"
David Boyd
Corey Reed
March 8, 2015 (2015-03-08)
14.53[68]

65
14
"Spend"
Jennifer Lynch
Matthew Negrete
March 15, 2015 (2015-03-15)
13.78[69]

66
15
"Try"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Angela Kang
March 22, 2015 (2015-03-22)
13.76[70]

67
16
"Conquer"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple & Seth Hoffman
March 29, 2015 (2015-03-29)
15.78[71]

text: Season 6 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

68
1
"First Time Again"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple & Matthew Negrete
October 11, 2015 (2015-10-11)
14.63[72]

69
2
"JSS"
Jennifer Lynch
Seth Hoffman
October 18, 2015 (2015-10-18)
12.18[73]

70
3
"Thank You"
Michael Slovis
Angela Kang
October 25, 2015 (2015-10-25)
13.14[74]

71
4
"Here's Not Here"
Stephen Williams
Scott M. Gimple
November 1, 2015 (2015-11-01)
13.34[75]

72
5
"Now"
Avi Youabian
Corey Reed
November 8, 2015 (2015-11-08)
12.44[76]

73
6
"Always Accountable"
Jeffrey F. January
Heather Bellson
November 15, 2015 (2015-11-15)
12.87[77]

74
7
"Heads Up"
David Boyd
Channing Powell
November 22, 2015 (2015-11-22)
13.22[78]

75
8
"Start to Finish"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Matthew Negrete
November 29, 2015 (2015-11-29)
13.98[79]

76
9
"No Way Out"
Greg Nicotero
Seth Hoffman
February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14)
13.74[80]

77
10
"The Next World"
Kari Skogland
Angela Kang & Corey Reed
February 21, 2016 (2016-02-21)
13.48[81]

78
11
"Knots Untie"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell
February 28, 2016 (2016-02-28)
12.79[82]

79
12
"Not Tomorrow Yet"
Greg Nicotero
Seth Hoffman
March 6, 2016 (2016-03-06)
12.82[83]

80
13
"The Same Boat"
Billy Gierhart
Angela Kang
March 13, 2016 (2016-03-13)
12.53[84]

81
14
"Twice as Far"
Alrick Riley
Matthew Negrete
March 20, 2016 (2016-03-20)
12.69[85]

82
15
"East"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Story by : Scott M. Gimple & Channing Powell
Teleplay by : Channing Powell
March 27, 2016 (2016-03-27)
12.38[86]

83
16
"Last Day on Earth"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple & Matthew Negrete
April 3, 2016 (2016-04-03)
14.19[87]

text: Season 7 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

84
1
"The Day Will Come When You Won't Be"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple
October 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)
17.03[88]

85
2
"The Well"
Greg Nicotero
Matthew Negrete
October 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)
12.46[89]

86
3
"The Cell"
Alrick Riley
Angela Kang
November 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)
11.72[90]

87
4
"Service"
David Boyd
Corey Reed
November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)
11.40[91]

88
5
"Go Getters"
Darnell Martin
Channing Powell
November 20, 2016 (2016-11-20)
11.00[92]

89
6
"Swear"
Michael E. Satrazemis
David Leslie Johnson
November 27, 2016 (2016-11-27)
10.40[93]

90
7
"Sing Me a Song"
Rosemary Rodriguez
Angela Kang & Corey Reed
December 4, 2016 (2016-12-04)
10.48[94]

91
8
"Hearts Still Beating"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell
December 11, 2016 (2016-12-11)
10.58[95]

92
9
"Rock in the Road"
Greg Nicotero
Angela Kang
February 12, 2017 (2017-02-12)
12.00[96]

93
10
"New Best Friends"
Jeffrey F. January
Channing Powell
February 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)
11.08[97]

94
11
"Hostiles and Calamities"
Kari Skogland
David Leslie Johnson
February 26, 2017 (2017-02-26)
10.42[98]

95
12
"Say Yes"
Greg Nicotero
Matthew Negrete
March 5, 2017 (2017-03-05)
10.16[99]

96
13
"Bury Me Here"
Alrick Riley
Scott M. Gimple
March 12, 2017 (2017-03-12)
10.68[100]

97
14
"The Other Side"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Angela Kang
March 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)
10.32[101]

98
15
"Something They Need"
Michael Slovis
Corey Reed
March 26, 2017 (2017-03-26)
10.54[102]

99
16
"The First Day of the Rest of Your Life"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple & Angela Kang & Matthew Negrete
April 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)
11.31[103]

text: Season 8 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

100
1
"Mercy"
Greg Nicotero
Scott M. Gimple
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
11.44[104]

101
2
"The Damned"
Rosemary Rodriguez
Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)
8.92[105]

102
3
"Monsters"
Greg Nicotero
Matthew Negrete & Channing Powell
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05)
8.52[106]

103
4
"Some Guy"
Dan Liu
David Leslie Johnson
November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12)
8.69[107]

104
5
"The Big Scary U"
Michael E. Satrazemis
Story by : Scott M. Gimple & David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang
Teleplay by : David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang
November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19)
7.85[108]

105
6
"The King, the Widow, and Rick"
John Polson
Angela Kang & Corey Reed
November 26, 2017 (2017-11-26)
8.28[109]

106
7
"Time for After"
Larry Teng
Matthew Negrete & Corey Reed
December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03)
7.47[110]

107
8
"How It's Gotta Be"
Michael E. Satrazemis
David Leslie Johnson & Angela Kang
December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10)
7.89[111]

text: Specials[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Aired between
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
"The Journey So Far"
"Last Day on Earth"
"The Day Will Come When You Won't Be"
October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16)
2.18[112]

Recap of the first six seasons of The Walking Dead featuring interviews with the cast and producers.

text: Webisodes[edit]

text: Torn Apart (2011)[edit]

text: Prior to the start of season 2, a six-episode web series called Torn Apart premiered on October 3, 2011 on AMC's official website. The web series is directed by special effects makeup artist and co-executive producer Greg Nicotero and tells the origin story of Hannah, also known as "Bicycle Girl", the walker that Rick Grimes killed out of mercy and whose bicycle he took in the first episode of the TV series.[113]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Running time

1
"A New Day"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : John Esposito & Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : John Esposito
October 3, 2011 (2011-10-03)
2:37

2
"Family Matters"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : John Esposito & Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : John Esposito
October 3, 2011 (2011-10-03)
2:20

3
"Domestic Violence"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : John Esposito & Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : John Esposito
October 3, 2011 (2011-10-03)
3:10

4
"Neighborly Advice"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : John Esposito & Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : John Esposito
October 3, 2011 (2011-10-03)
4:00

5
"Step-Mother"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : John Esposito & Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : John Esposito
October 3, 2011 (2011-10-03)
2:22

6
"Everything Dies"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : John Esposito & Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : John Esposito
October 3, 2011 (2011-10-03)
5:06

text: Cold Storage (2012)[edit]

text: A four-episode web series entitled Cold Storage was released on October 1, 2012.[114] Set during the zombie apocalypse, Cold Storage follows the story of Chase as he seeks shelter in a storage facility under the command of B.J., a malicious former employee who hides a very dark secret. The storage unit Chase is given was owned by Rick Grimes.

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Running time

1
"Hide and Seek"
Greg Nicotero
John Esposito
October 1, 2012 (2012-10-01)
4:29

2
"Keys to the Kingdom"
Greg Nicotero
John Esposito
October 1, 2012 (2012-10-01)
4:57

3
"The Chosen Ones"
Greg Nicotero
John Esposito
October 1, 2012 (2012-10-01)
5:38

4
"Parting Shots"
Greg Nicotero
John Esposito
October 1, 2012 (2012-10-01)
9:04

text: The Oath (2013)[edit]

text: A three-part webisode series, entitled The Oath, was released on October 1, 2013. This series tells the origin of the "Don't Open, Dead Inside" paint on the cafeteria doors of the hospital Rick Grimes awakes in, post-apocalypse. It follows Paul and Karina as they escape their zombie-overrun camp in search of a medical station. The central theme of the series examines the will to persevere in the face of inevitable death.[115]

text:
No.
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date
Running time

1
"Alone"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : Luke Passmore
October 1, 2013 (2013-10-01)
8:14

2
"Choice"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : Luke Passmore
October 1, 2013 (2013-10-01)
7:26

3
"Bond"
Greg Nicotero
Story by : Greg Nicotero
Teleplay by : Luke Passmore
October 1, 2013 (2013-10-01)
10:38

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10
Ep. 11
Ep. 12
Ep. 13
Ep. 14
Ep. 15
Ep. 16
Average

1
5.35
4.71
5.07
4.75
5.56
5.97
N/A
5.24

2
7.26
6.70
6.10
6.29
6.12
6.08
6.62
8.10
6.89
7.04
6.77
6.89
8.99
N/A
6.91[116]

3
10.97
9.55
10.51
9.27
10.37
9.21
10.43
10.48
12.26
11.05
11.01
11.30
11.46
10.84
10.99
12.42
10.75[116]

4
16.11
13.95
12.92
13.31
12.20
12.00
11.29
12.05
15.76
13.34
13.12
12.61
12.65
12.87
13.47
15.68
13.33[117]

5
17.30
15.14
13.80
14.52
13.53
14.07
13.33
14.81
15.64
12.27
13.44
14.43
14.53
13.78
13.76
15.78
14.38[118]

6
14.63
12.18
13.14
13.34
12.44
12.87
13.22
13.98
13.74
13.48
12.79
12.81
12.53
12.67
12.38
14.19
13.15[119]

7
17.03
12.46
11.72
11.40
11.00
10.40
10.48
10.58
12.00
11.08
10.43
10.16
10.68
10.32
10.54
11.31
11.35[120]

8
11.44
8.92
8.52
8.69
7.85
8.28
7.47
7.89
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: List of Cleveland Browns first-round draft picks

question_text: how many number 1 draft picks have the browns had

text: The Cleveland Browns joined the National Football League (NFL) in 1950 with the Baltimore Colts and San Francisco 49ers after having spent four seasons with the All-America Football Conference. The Browns' first selection as an NFL team was Ken Carpenter, a wide receiver from Oregon State. The team's most recent first round selections were Baker Mayfield, quarterback at Oklahoma and Denzel Ward, cornerback at Ohio State.

text: Every year during April, each NFL franchise seeks to add new players to its roster through a collegiate draft known as "the NFL Annual Player Selection Meeting", which is more commonly known as the NFL Draft.  Teams are ranked in inverse order based on the previous season's record, with the worst record picking first, and the second worst picking second and so on. The two exceptions to this order are made for teams that appeared in the previous Super Bowl; the Super Bowl champion always picks 32nd, and the Super Bowl loser always picks 31st.  Teams have the option of trading away their picks to other teams for different picks, players, cash, or a combination thereof.  Thus, it is not uncommon for a team's actual draft pick to differ from their assigned draft pick, or for a team to have extra or no draft picks in any round due to these trades.

text: The Browns did not have any draft choices from 1996 to 1998, because then-owner Art Modell took all the team's players to Baltimore, Maryland, effectively stopping the franchise. However, the NFL mandated that the Browns' name, colors, and franchise history remain in Cleveland and that the team would reactivate by 1999. In 1999, the Browns selected number one overall, drafting University of Kentucky quarterback Tim Couch.

text: The Browns have selected number one overall five times: Bobby Garrett (1954), Tim Couch (1999), Courtney Brown (2000), Myles Garrett (2017) and Baker Mayfield (2018). The team has also selected number two overall only once and number three overall five times.  The Browns have selected players from the University of Michigan five times, Ohio State University and the University of Southern California four times, and the University of Florida three times.  Four eventual Hall of Famers were selected by the Browns: Doug Atkins, Jim Brown, Paul Warfield, and Ozzie Newsome.

text: Player selections[edit]

text:
Selected number one overall *

Enshrined in the Pro Football Hall of Fame †

text:
Year

Pick

Player name

Position

College

Notes

National Football League, Early Era (1950–1969)

1950

13

Ken Carpenter

WR/RB

Oregon State

1951

14

Kenny Konz

DB

LSU

1952

10

Bert Rechichar

DB/RB/K/LB/P

Tennessee

[1]

12

Harry Agganis

QB

Boston

[2]

1953

11

Doug Atkins †

DL/E

Tennessee

1954

1

Bobby Garrett *

QB

Stanford

[3]

12

John Bauer

OL

Illinois

1955

13

Kurt Burris

CB/LB

Oklahoma

1956

13

Preston Carpenter

E/RB/TE

Arkansas

1957

6

Jim Brown †

FB

Syracuse

1958

13

Jim Shofner

DB

Texas Christian

1959

11

Rich Kreitling

WR/E

Illinois

1960

8

Jim Houston

DL/LB

Ohio State

1961

10

Bobby Crespino

WR/E/TE

Mississippi

[4]

1962

4

Gary Collins

WR/P

Maryland

[5]

11

Leroy Jackson

RB

Western Illinois

[6]

1963

9

Tom Hutchinson

E/WR

Kentucky

1964

11

Paul Warfield †

WR/E

Ohio State

1965

—

— No Pick

—

—

[7]

1966

14

Milt Morin

TE

Massachusetts

1967

18

Bob Matheson

DL/LB

Duke

1968

21

Marv Upshaw

DL/K

Trinity

1969

20

Ron Johnson

RB

Michigan

National Football League, Modern Era (1970–present)

1970

3

Mike Phipps

QB

Purdue

[8]

21

Bob McKay

OT

Texas

1971

14

Clarence Scott

DB

Kansas

1972

18

Thom Darden

DB

Michigan

1973

16

Steve Holden

WR

Arizona State

[9]

22

Pete Adams

OG

USC

1974

—

— No Pick

—

—

[10]

1975

5

Mack Mitchell

DL

Houston

1976

7

Mike Pruitt

FB/RB

Purdue

1977

17

Robert Jackson

LB

Texas A&M

1978

12

Clay Matthews

LB

USC

23

Ozzie Newsome †

TE

Alabama

[11]

1979

20

Willis Adams

WR

Houston

[12]

1980

27

Charles White

RB

USC

[13]

1981

22

Hanford Dixon

CB

Southern Miss

1982

3

Chip Banks

LB/WR

USC

1983

—

— No Pick

—

—

[14]

1984

18

Don Rogers

S

UCLA

1985

—

— No Pick

—

—

[15]

1986

—

— No Pick

—

—

[16]

1987

5

Mike Junkin

LB

Duke

[17]

1988

21

Clifford Charlton

LB

Florida

1989

13

Eric Metcalf

RB/WR

Texas

[18]

1990

—

— No Pick

—

—

[19]

1991

2

Eric Turner

DB

UCLA

1992

9

Tommy Vardell

FB/RB

Stanford

1993

14

Steve Everitt

C

Michigan

[20]

1994

9

Antonio Langham

CB

Alabama

29

Derrick Alexander

WR

Michigan

[21]

1995

30

Craig Powell

LB

Ohio State

[22]

1996

Franchise suspended, no team in Cleveland from 1996–1998

1997

1998

1999

1

Tim Couch *

QB

Kentucky

2000

1

Courtney Brown *

DE

Penn State

2001

3

Gerard Warren

DT

Florida

2002

16

William Green

RB

Boston College

[23]

2003

21

Jeff Faine

C

Notre Dame

2004

6

Kellen Winslow II

TE

Miami

[24]

2005

3

Braylon Edwards

WR

Michigan

2006

13

Kamerion Wimbley

LB

Florida State

[25]

2007

3

Joe Thomas

OT

Wisconsin

[26]

22

Brady Quinn

QB

Notre Dame

[27]

2008

—

— No Pick

—

—

[27]

2009

21

— Alex Mack

C

California

[28]

2010

7

— Joe Haden

CB

Florida

2011

21

— Phil Taylor

DT

Baylor

2012

3

— Trent Richardson

RB

Alabama

22

— Brandon Weeden

QB

Oklahoma State

2013

6

— Barkevious Mingo

OLB

LSU

2014

8

— Justin Gilbert

CB

Oklahoma State

22

— Johnny Manziel

QB

Texas A&M

2015

12

— Danny Shelton

DT

Washington

19

— Cameron Erving

C

Florida State

2016

15

— Corey Coleman

WR

Baylor

2017

1

Myles Garrett *

DE

Texas A&M

25

Jabrill Peppers

S

Michigan

29

David Njoku

TE

Miami

2018

1

Baker Mayfield *

QB

Oklahoma

4

Denzel Ward

CB

Ohio State

text: Footnotes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The Browns acquired their first pick in 1952 from Detroit for E/T Jim Martin.

Jump up ^ Harry Agganis did not take a snap for the Browns in the NFL, opting instead to play professional baseball for the Boston Red Sox as the team's starting first baseman.

Jump up ^ The Browns first pick in 1954 was a bonus lottery choice.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 1961 to Dallas for T Paul Dickson and the Cowboys' first pick in 1962. The Browns acquired another pick from Detroit along with LB Robert Long for QB Jim Ninowski.

Jump up ^ The Browns acquired their first pick in 1962 from Dallas along with T Paul Dickson for the Browns' first pick in 1961.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded the rights to Jackson to Washington for the Redskins' rights to Ernie Davis. Davis was later diagnosed with leukemia and died before playing a game with the Browns.

Jump up ^ The Browns first pick in 1965 was traded to San Francisco for G Ted Connolly.

Jump up ^ The Browns acquired their first pick in 1970 from Miami for WR Paul Warfield.

Jump up ^ The Browns acquired their first pick in 1973 from New York along with the Giants' second choice (acquired from New England) for DE Jack Gregory and CB Freddie Summers.

Jump up ^ The Browns' first pick in 1974 was traded to San Diego along with the Browns' second pick in 1975 for LB Bob Babich and the Chargers' fourth pick in 1975.

Jump up ^ The Browns' acquired their second pick in 1978 from Los Angeles along with Washington's fourth pick (acquired from Washington through Chicago for the Bears' first pick) for QB Mike Phipps.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 1979 to San Diego for the Chargers' first and second picks.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first and New England's sixth pick (acquired from New England) to Los Angeles for the Rams' first and fourth picks plus San Diego's second and Green Bay's fifth (acquired from San Diego and Green Bay respectively) picks.

Jump up ^ The Browns' first pick in 1983 was traded to Buffalo along with the Browns' third pick in 1984 and fifth pick in 1985 for LB Tom Cousineau.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 1985 to Buffalo along with the Browns' third pick and the Browns' first and sixth picks in 1986 for Buffalo's first pick in the 1985 supplemental draft.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 1986 to Buffalo along with the Browns' sixth pick and the Browns first and third picks from 1985 for Buffalo's first pick in the 1985 supplemental draft.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 1987 to San Diego along with Browns' second pick and LB Chip Banks for San Diego's first and second picks.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 1988 to Denver along with the Browns' second, fifth and ninth picks for the Broncos' first pick.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 1990 to Green Bay along with the Browns' third and fifth picks in 1989 and RB Herman Fontenot for the Packers' second pick and fifth pick in 1989.

Jump up ^ The Browns acquired their first pick in 1993 from Denver along with the Broncos' third pick for the Browns' first pick.

Jump up ^ The Browns acquired their second pick in 1994 from Philadelphia for the Browns' third pick and the Browns' second pick in the 1995 draft.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 1995 to San Francisco for the 49ers' first and fourth picks and the 49ers' first pick in the 1996 draft.

Jump up ^ The Browns won this pick via a coin flip against Atlanta.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 2004 to Detroit along with the Browns' second pick for the Lions' first pick.

Jump up ^ The Browns traded their first pick in 2006 to Baltimore for the Ravens' first pick.

Jump up ^ The Browns won this pick via a coin toss against Tampa Bay.

^ Jump up to: a b The Browns traded their second-round pick in 2007 and first-round pick in 2008 to Dallas for their first-round pick in 2007.

Jump up ^ Cleveland traded down three times in the first round, sending the fifth overall pick to the Jets (who used it to select Mark Sanchez), and then traded down two more times (with Tampa Bay and Philadelphia) before selecting Alex Mack with the 21st overall pick.Grossi, Tony (2009-04-25). "Cleveland Browns get more picks (and more Jets) on a busy opening day in NFL draft". The Plain Dealer. Cleveland, Ohio. Retrieved 2009-08-09.

tag: ol