document_title: Jack and Jill (2011 film)

question_text: who plays the grandma in jack and jill

question_tokens: who plays the grandma in jack and jill

text: Jack and Jill (2011 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Home videos show fraternal twins Jack and Jill Sadelstein growing up in New York City. Jack is the gifted twin, while Jill constantly tries—and fails miserably—to get his attention by injuring him and/or driving others away from him. In present-day Los Angeles, Jack is a successful advertising executive who lives with his wife Erin and their two kids Sofia and Gary, a Hindu child they adopted at birth. Jill never left the working-class neighborhood they grew up in; she recently inherited the Sadelstein home, having lived with their mother until her death a year ago.

text: As always, Jack is irritated by the upcoming Thanksgiving visit of his sister. Jill ruins Thanksgiving dinner by loudly embarrassing a homeless guest. Jack snaps at his sister, making Jill run into the woods with her pet cockatoo Poopsie. Erin demands that Jack apologize, which he unwillingly does. Jill has a list of things she wants to do while in Los Angeles: be on a game show (The Price is Right, which gives Jill a carload of prizes after she knocks herself out while spinning the wheel); go horseback riding (she proves too heavy for the pony, which collapses under her); and do a studio tour. Since Jill has an open-ended plane ticket, she decides to stay until after Hanukkah, to Jack's horror. Jack encourages Jill to try online dating, but she is unsuccessful until Jack alters her profile. When Jill's date "Funbucket" meets her, he hides in the men's room until she leaves the restaurant.

text: Jack's agency client, meanwhile, wants him to somehow get actor Al Pacino to appear in a Dunkin' Donuts commercial to promote a new coffee called the "Dunkaccino". Jack takes Jill to a Lakers game where Pacino is supposed to be. Pacino ignores Jack but is taken with Jill and gives her his phone number. Jack hopes Jill will go home by New Year's Eve, as the family is going on a cruise. Jack's friends and colleagues throw him a birthday party, extending the invite to Jill. Again Jill loudly disgraces herself, Jack, and the various celebrities in attendance. Pacino brings Jill to his home, but despite his infatuation with her, she is uninterested with him and soon leaves. Jack's Mexican gardener Felipe, also smitten with Jill, takes her to meet his family at their annual fiesta, where she hits it off with everybody, and tries Mexican food for the first time, acquiring a horrible case of diarrhea.

text: Pacino refuses to do the commercial unless Jack gets him another date with Jill; to that end, Jack invites Jill on the cruise with his family. At sea, Jill refuses to see Pacino again, so Jack disguises himself as his sister and goes on her date with Pacino. Jill suspects that she was only invited just so Pacino would do the commercial; that is confirmed when she phones Jack, he answers as Jill, and hears Pacino in the background. Pacino, still believing Jack to be Jill, spells out that he sees Jill as an unrecognized woman proud of her brother's success. Feeling guilty, Jack returns to the ship, only to learn that Jill has gone back home to The Bronx. At a restaurant on New Year's Eve, toting a picture of her and Jack's late mother, Jill comes across a group of former classmates and bullies, led by Monica, who pick up directly where they left off until Jack, Erin and their kids show up. Jack and Jill converse in their made-up twin language (which even Jack finds incomprehensible). Monica attacks Erin and is cold cocked by Jill. Pacino also turns up at the party, dressed as the Man of La Mancha, and tells Jill that while he has feelings for her, there is another man more worthy of her than himself. She goes home, where Felipe and his children await her arrival. Felipe professes his love for Jill, and the two begin a relationship.

text: The television commercial is made, with Pacino starring and singing a rap song. When Jack shows it to him, Pacino tells him to destroy every copy.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Adam Sandler as Jack and Jill Sadelstein[3]
Katie Holmes as Erin Sadelstein
Al Pacino as Himself
Eugenio Derbez as Felipe / Felipe's grandmother
Tim Meadows as Ted
Santiago Segura as Eduardo
Nick Swardson as Todd
Allen Covert as Otto
Rohan Chand as Gary Sadelstein
Elodie Tougne as Sofia Sadelstein
Geoff Pierson as Carter Simmons
Valerie Mahaffey as Bitsy Simmons
Gad Elmaleh as Xavier
Gary Valentine as Dallas
Kristin Davis as Delilah
Norm Macdonald as Funbucket

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film opened in 3,438 theaters at #2 with $25,003,575, behind Immortals, which debuted in the top spot with $32,206,425.[4] The film closed on February 26, 2012 with a total gross of $74,158,157 in North America. It also made $75,515,631 in other territories, for a total worldwide gross of $149,673,788 against its $79 million budget.[5]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Jack and Jill was widely panned by critics.[6] On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 3% based on 108 reviews and an average rating of 2.6/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Although it features an inexplicably committed performance from Al Pacino, Jack and Jill is impossible to recommend on any level whatsoever."[7] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 23 out of 100 based on 26 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".[8] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.[9] Jason Buchanan of allmovie gave the film his lowest star rating and described it as "aggressively unfunny".

text: In The Daily Beast, Ramin Setoodeh said, "This is, without a doubt, the worst movie that Adam Sandler’s ever made. In fact, it could be the worst movie ever made." Peter Travers of Rolling Stone also argued, "Al Pacino said something great. After he looks at himself in the commercial, he says, 'Burn this! Nobody must ever see this!' That's my review of Jack and Jill."[10] Mary Pols of Time magazine ranked the film #1 on the Top 10 Worst Movies of 2011.[11] The A.V. Club ranked it #1 on "The Worst Films of 2011" list (along with Just Go with It).[12] TV Guide included the film on its "The Worst of 2011" list.[13] Andrew Barker of Variety said that the film's "general stupidity, careless direction and reliance on a single-joke premise that was never really funny to begin with are only the most obvious of its problems."[14] Internet review show Half in the Bag from RedLetterMedia criticized Jack and Jill for recycling gags from Sandler's previous films, incessant product placement, and laziness in terms of both writing and production quality, going so far as to characterize the entire production as a sinister embezzlement scam.[15]  They would later call it "the worst thing in the world".[16] The film won a total of 10 Razzies in 2012, setting a record and displacing 2000's Battlefield Earth which had garnered 9 awards.[17]

text: Despite generally scathing reviews, the film did receive some positive reception. Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle stated that while he found the character Jill annoying, "almost everything else in this comedy succeeds. The central situation...has comic energy...[the film has] successful bits and big moments of satisfying comedy."[18] Tom Russo of the Boston Globe gave the film two and a half out of a possible four stars, writing "What's more genuinely wacky is what a kick this movie can sometimes be, completely in spite of its big, flat stunt."[19]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: In the Razzie Awards, Jack and Jill was nominated for every single category, and twice for Supporting Actor and Supporting Actress, and won all 10 awards.

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Kids' Choice Awards

Favorite Movie Actor

Adam Sandler

Won

Razzie Awards

Worst Actor

Won

Worst Actress

Won

Worst Supporting Actor

Nick Swardson

Nominated

Al Pacino

Won

Worst Supporting Actress

David Spade (in drag)

Won

Katie Holmes

Nominated

Worst Picture

Adam Sandler, Jack Giarraputo, and Todd Garner

Won

Worst Director

Dennis Dugan

Won

Worst Screenplay

Adam Sandler, Ben Zook, and Steve Koren

Won

Worst Screen Couple

Adam Sandler and either Al Pacino, Katie Holmes or Adam Sandler

Won

Worst Ensemble

Won

Worst Prequel, Remake, Rip-off or Sequel

Ripoff of Glen or Glenda

Won

text: Home media[edit]

text: Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released Jack and Jill on DVD and Blu-ray on March 6, 2012.


document_title: List of richest American politicians

question_text: who is the richest governor in the united states

root

text: List of richest American politicians

text: Presidents[edit]

text:
Name
Party
Position
Date(s)
Estimated wealth (adjusted for inflation)
Notes

Donald Trump
Republican
President
2017–present
$3.1 billion (in dispute)  [1]
Inheritance, business, real estate, reality TV, and marketing

George Washington
Independent
President
1789–1797
$525 million[2]
Inheritance, business, and marriage.

Thomas Jefferson
Democratic-Republican
President
1801–1809
$212 million (died bankrupt)[2]
Inheritance, business.

John F. Kennedy
Democratic
President
1961–1963
$124 million[3]
Inheritance.

Theodore Roosevelt
Republican
President
1901–1909
$125 million[2]
Inheritance.

Andrew Jackson
Democratic
President
1829–1837
$119 million[2]
Marriage, business, and real estate.

James Madison
Democratic-Republican
President
1809–1817
$101 million[2]
Inheritance, business.

tag: table

text: Unsuccessful presidential candidates[edit]

text:
Name
Party
Position
Date(s)
Estimated wealth (not adjusted for inflation)
Notes

Hillary Clinton
Democratic
First Lady,U.S. Senator from New York,Secretary of State,Candidate for U.S. President
1993–2001,2001–2009,2009–2013,2008 and 2016
$52–111 million[4]
Paid speeches, book deals, Clinton Foundation proceeds/

Mitt Romney
Republican
Candidate for U.S. Senator from Utah and Massachusetts,Governor of Massachusetts,Candidate for U.S. President
1994,2003–2007,2008 and 2012, 2018
$190–250 million[5]
Son of Michigan Governor George W. Romney. Former CEO of Bain Capital and Bain & Company.

John Kerry
Democratic
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts,Candidate for U.S. President,Secretary of State
1985–2013,20042013–2017
$200 million[6]
Marriage. Current wife, Teresa Heinz, is the widow of H. John Heinz III, heir to H. J. Heinz Company.

Al Gore
Democratic
U.S. Senator from Tennessee,Vice President,Candidate for U.S. President
1985–1993,1993–2001,1988 and 2000
$100 million[7]
Inheritance. Son of attorney and US Senator Albert Gore Sr. who owned a stake in Occidental Petroleum; book and film deals.

Steve Forbes
Republican
Board for International Broadcasting,Candidate for U.S. President
1985–1993,1996 and 2000
$430 million[8]
Editor and publisher.

Ross Perot
Reform
Select Committee on Public Education,Candidate for U.S. President
1983,1992 and 1996
$4.1 billion[9]
Founded Electronic Data Systems and Perot Systems.

Ted Kennedy
Democratic
U.S. Senator from Massachusetts,Candidate for U.S. President
1962–2009,1980
$163 million[10]
Inherited much wealth – including a stake in The Chicago Merchandise Mart.

Nelson Rockefeller
Republican
Governor of New York,Vice President,Candidate for U.S. President
1959–1973,1974–1977,1960s
$1 billion[11]
Inheritance.  Grandson of John D. Rockefeller.

James M. Cox
Democratic
Governor of Ohio,Candidate for U.S. President
1913–1915 and 1917–1921,1920
$40 million (D. 1950)[12]
Founded a chain of newspapers that continues today as Cox Enterprises, a media conglomerate.

Samuel J. Tilden
Democratic
Governor of New York,Candidate for U.S. President
1875–1876,1876
$8.5 million(D. 1886)[13]
Inheritance. His father and other family members were the makers of Tilden's Extract, a popular patent medicine of the 1800s and early 1900s. Law practice, investments

John Hancock
Federalist
Governor of Massachusetts,Candidate for U.S. President
1780–1785 and 1787–1793,1789
$100 million[14]
Inherited much wealth – including a profitable mercantile business from his uncle.

text: Other U.S. politicians[edit]

text:
Name
Party
Position
Date(s)
Estimated wealth (not adjusted for inflation)
Notes

Michael Bloomberg
Democratic
Mayor of New York City
2002–2013[15]
$47.5 billion[16]
Founder of Bloomberg L.P.

David Koch
Republican
Libertarian nominee for Vice President
1980
$44.2 billion[17][18]
Son of Fred Koch, founder of Koch Industries; VP of Koch Industries

J.B. Pritzker
Democratic
Candidate for Governor of Illinois
2018
$3.5 billion[19]
Inheritance, family owns the Hyatt hotel chain

Penny Pritzker
Democratic
Secretary of Commerce
2013–2017
$2.5 billion[20]
Founder of PSP Capital Partners and Pritzker Realty Group

Wilbur Ross
Republican
Secretary of Commerce
2017–present
$2.5 billion[21]
Serial investor

Bill Haslam
Republican
Mayor of Knoxville,Governor of Tennessee
2003-2011,2011–present
$2 billion[22]
Former CEO of the e-commerce and catalog division of Saks Fifth Avenue; Son of Jim Haslam, founder of Pilot Corporation

Mark Dayton
Democratic
State Auditor of Minnesota,U.S. Senator from Minnesota,Governor of Minnesota
1991–1995,2001–2007,2011–present
$1.6 billion
Great grandson of George Dayton, the founder of Target[23]

Jim Justice
Republican with a year intermission as Democratic
Governor of West Virginia
2017–present
$1.59 billion[24]
Inheritance, coal and agriculture holdings, The Greenbrier resort

Betsy DeVos
Republican
Secretary of Education
2017–present
$1.25 billion[21]
Daughter of Edgar Prince, founder of Prince Corporation; Daughter-in-law of Richard DeVos, co-founder of Amway; sister of Erik Prince, founder of Blackwater USA

Linda McMahon
Republican
Administrator of the Small Business Administration
2017–present
$938 million-1.1 billion [25]

Married to Vince McMahon, who inherited the professional wrestling business founded by his grandfather Jess McMahon and now known as WWE

Bruce Rauner
Republican
Governor of Illinois
2015–present
$500 million+
Chairman of GTCR

Amo Houghton
Republican
Representative from New York
1987–2005
$475 million[26]
Great-great-grandson of Amory Houghton, Sr., founder of Corning Glass Works; Former CEO of Corning Glass Works

Jared Polis
Democratic
Representative from Colorado
2009–present
$388 million[27]
Founder of ProFlowers

Rex Tillerson
Republican
Secretary of State
2017–2018
$325 million[21]
Former CEO of ExxonMobil

Greg Gianforte
Republican
Representative from Montana
2017–present
$315 million[28]
Founder of RightNow Technologies

Jon Corzine
Democratic
US Senator from New Jersey,Governor of New Jersey
2001–2006,2006–2010
$300 million[26]
Former CEO of Goldman Sachs

Steven Mnuchin
Republican
Secretary of the Treasury
2017–present
$300 million[21]
Former executive of Goldman Sachs

Michael McCaul
Republican
Representative from Texas
2005–present
$294 million[6]
Son-in-law of Lowry Mays, founder of Clear Channel Communications

Mark Warner
Democratic
U.S. Senator from Virginia,Governor of Virginia
2009–present,2002-2006
$243 million[29]
Co-Founder of Nextel Communications

Darrell Issa
Republican
Candidate for U.S. Senator from California,Representative from California
1998,2001–present
$220 million[6]
Businessman; founder of Directed Electronics

Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
Democratic
U.S. Ambassador to the U.K.
1938–1940
$200–400 million[30]
Investor, banker, filmmaker

Carl Paladino
Republican
Buffalo Public Schools board of education member,Candidate for Governor of New York
2010–2017
$150 million[31]
Retail real estate developer

Rick Scott
Republican
Governor of Florida
2011–present
$147 million[32]
Founder of Columbia Hospital Corporation

Arnold Schwarzenegger
Republican
Governor of California
2003–2011
$100–$200 million[33]
Real estate, acting


document_title: Ghost Town (Kanye West song)

question_text: who is featured on ghost town by kanye west

text: Ghost Town (Kanye West song)

text: Background[edit]

text: In an interview, featured artist 070 Shake revealed that the song was finished on the very same day that the album was released.[2]

tag: p

text: Composition[edit]

text: The track includes a sample of "Take Me for a Little While" by Dave Edmunds within its leading bass, drum and keys combination. Whilst singing the chorus of "Ghost Town", Cudi samples vocals from the song himself.[3]

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: On the week of Ye being released, the song entered the US Billboard Hot 100 at number 16.[4] "Ghost Town" also debuted in the UK Singles Chart at number 17 following the release of West's album'.[5]

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Credits adapted from Tidal.[6]

text:
Kanye West – production, vocals
Mike Dean – co-production, engineering, mixing
Francis and the Lights – additional production
Benny Blanco – additional production
Noah Goldstein – additional production, recording engineering
Mike Malchicoff – engineering
Zack Djurich – engineering
Mauricio Iragorri – recording engineering
Jess Jackson – mixing
PartyNextDoor – vocals
Kid Cudi – vocals
070 Shake – vocals

tag: ul

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2018)

Peakposition

Australia (ARIA)[7]

22

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[8]

67

Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[9]

21

Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[10]

42

Hungary (Stream Top 40)[11]

29

Ireland (IRMA)[12]

24

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[13]

81

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[14]

14

Portugal (AFP)[15]

29

Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[16]

23

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[17]

73

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[18]

17

UK R&B (Official Charts Company)[19]

23

US Billboard Hot 100[20]

16

US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs (Billboard)[21]

11


document_title: Ham hock

question_text: ham hock is what part of the pig

question_tokens: ham hock is what part of the pig

text: Ham hock

text: A ham hock (or hough) or pork knuckle is the joint between the tibia/fibula and the metatarsals of the foot of a pig, where the foot was attached to the hog's leg.[1] It is the portion of the leg that is neither part of the ham proper nor the ankle or foot (trotter), but rather the extreme shank end of the leg bone.

text: Uses[edit]

text: Since this piece generally consists of much skin, tendons and ligaments, it requires long cooking through stewing or braising to be made palatable. The cut of meat can be cooked with greens and other vegetables or in flavorful sauces. It is often added to soups, such as pea and ham soup, with the meat being added to the soup prior to serving. The meat of particularly meaty hocks may be removed and served as is. Ham hocks, like hog jowls (pigs' cheeks), add a distinctive flavor to various dishes. This is particularly true for collard greens, mustard greens, cabbage, green beans and navy beans.

text: Ham hocks are essential ingredients for the distinct flavor in soul food and other forms of American Southern country cooking. In the Mid-Atlantic States, in rural regions settled by the Pennsylvania Dutch, hocks are a commonly used ingredient for making a kind of meat loaf called scrapple. Eisbein is the name of the joint in north German, and at the same time the name of a dish of roasted ham hock, called Schweinshaxe in Bavaria, Stelze in Austria and Wädli in Switzerland. Golonka is a very popular Polish barbecued dish using this cut. Ham hocks are also popular when boiled with escarole, more commonly called endives, in Italian-American cuisine. Fläsklägg med rotmos is a Swedish dish consisting of cured ham hocks and a mash of rutabaga and potatoes, served with sweet mustard. In Canada, and particularly Montreal, ham hocks are referred to as "pigs' knuckles" and are served in bistros and taverns with baked beans.[citation needed] In northern Italy ham hocks are referred to as stinco, and is often served roast whole with sauerkraut.

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Chinese-style ham hock with bok choy in gravy

Schweinshaxe served with roasted potatoes (Bratkartoffeln) and Sauerkraut at a Bavarian restaurant in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Roasted Austrian style Stelze

Pickled Eisbein, with Sauerkraut

Ham hocks stewed in soy sauce and five-spice powder at a street stall in Chiang Mai, Thailand

Ham hock (golonka) with grilled oscypek, horseradish and a slice of beetroot in Poland


document_title: This Is Us (TV series)

question_text: who plays the dr on this is us

question_tokens: who plays the dr on this is us

text: This Is Us (TV series)

text: Series overview[edit]

text: The series follows siblings Kate, Kevin and Randall as their lives intertwine. Kate and Kevin were originally part of a triplet pregnancy, conceived in the bathroom of Froggy's, a bar, during Super Bowl XIV.[4] Their due date was October 12, 1980, but they were born six weeks early on August 31; their biological brother was stillborn.[5] Their parents, Jack and Rebecca, having expected to bring home three babies, decide to adopt another newborn: Randall, a black child born the same day and brought to the same hospital after his biological father abandoned him at a fire station.[6]

text: Episodes weave through the stories of the past and present of the characters, with most scenes taking place in 1980, 1989–1995, and the present day (2016–2017). Flashback scenes take place in Pittsburgh, while current scenes are typically split between Los Angeles, New Jersey, and New York City.

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Average viewership
(in millions)

1
18
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
6
14.70[7]

2
18[3]
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
TBA
TBA
TBA

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Milo Ventimiglia as Jack Pearson: Rebecca's husband, and Kate, Kevin, & Randall's father.
Mandy Moore as Rebecca Pearson (née Malone): Jack's wife, and Kate, Kevin, & Randall's mother.
Sterling K. Brown as Randall Pearson: Jack & Rebecca's son, and Kate & Kevin's brother. Also played by Niles Fitch (age 15) and Lonnie Chavis (ages 8–10).
Chrissy Metz as Kate Pearson: Jack & Rebecca's daughter, and Kevin & Randall's sister. Also played by Hannah Zeile (age 15) and Mackenzie Hancsicsak (ages 8–10).
Justin Hartley as Kevin Pearson: Jack & Rebecca's son, and Kate & Randall's brother. Also played by Logan Shroyer (age 15) and Parker Bates (ages 8–10).
Susan Kelechi Watson as Beth Pearson: Randall's wife, and mother of Tess and Annie.
Chris Sullivan as Toby Damon: Kate's fiancé.
Ron Cephas Jones as William H. "Shakespeare" Hill: Randall's biological father. Also played by Jermel Nakia as a young adult.
Jon Huertas as Miguel Rivas: Jack's best friend and Rebecca's second husband. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)[8]
Alexandra Breckenridge as Sophie: Kate's childhood best friend as well as Kevin's childhood love and ex-wife. Also played by Amanda Leighton (age 15) and Sophia Coto (age 10). (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)[8]
Eris Baker as Tess Pearson: Randall and Beth's older daughter. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)
Faithe Herman as Annie Pearson: Randall and Beth's younger daughter. (recurring season 1; main season 2–present)

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka Dr. K): An elderly widower, who delivers Kate and Kevin.
Janet Montgomery as Olivia Maine: Kevin's former stage partner and ex-girlfriend.
Milana Vayntrub as Sloane Sandburg: Kevin's stage partner and ex-girlfriend.
Ryan Michelle Bathe as Yvette: A family friend of the Pearsons.
Denis O'Hare as Jesse: William's friend and former romantic partner.
Adam Bartley as Duke: The stable worker at the weight-loss camp Kate attends.
Jill Johnson as Laurie: A member of Toby and Kate's weight-loss support group.

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
1AZC01
10.07[9]

2
2
"The Big Three"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 27, 2016 (2016-09-27)
1AZC02
8.75[10]

3
3
"Kyle"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
October 11, 2016 (2016-10-11)
1AZC03
9.87[11]

4
4
"The Pool"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman & Donald Todd
October 18, 2016 (2016-10-18)
1AZC04
9.71[12]

5
5
"The Game Plan"
George Tillman
Joe Lawson
October 25, 2016 (2016-10-25)
1AZC05
8.68[13]

6
6
"Career Days"
Craig Zisk
Bekah Brunstetter
November 1, 2016 (2016-11-01)
1AZC06
8.48[14]

7
7
"The Best Washing Machine in the World"
Silas Howard
K.J. Steinberg
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
1AZC07
9.50[15]

8
8
"Pilgrim Rick"
Sarah Pia Anderson
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
1AZC08
9.00[16]

9
9
"The Trip"
Uta Briesewitz
Vera Herbert
November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29)
1AZC09
10.53[17]

10
10
"Last Christmas"
Helen Hunt
Donald Todd
December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)
1AZC10
10.95[18]

11
11
"The Right Thing to Do"
Timothy Busfield
Aurin Squire
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
1AZC11
10.48[19]

12
12
"The Big Day"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Laura Kenar
January 17, 2017 (2017-01-17)
1AZC12
9.59[20]

13
13
"Three Sentences"
Chris Koch
Joe Lawson & Bekah Brunstetter
January 24, 2017 (2017-01-24)
1AZC13
9.63[21]

14
14
"I Call Marriage"
George Tillman Jr.
Kay Oyegun
February 7, 2017 (2017-02-07)
1AZC14
9.57[22]

15
15
"Jack Pearson's Son"
Ken Olin
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
February 14, 2017 (2017-02-14)
1AZC15
9.03[23]

16
16
"Memphis"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Dan Fogelman
February 21, 2017 (2017-02-21)
1AZC16
9.35[24]

17
17
"What Now?"
Wendey Stanzler
K.J. Steinberg & Vera Herbert
March 7, 2017 (2017-03-07)
1AZC17
11.15[25]

18
18
"Moonshadow"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman & Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
1AZC18
12.84[26]

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"A Father's Advice"
Ken Olin
Dan Fogelman
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
2AZC01
12.94[27]

20
2
"A Manny-Splendored Thing"
John Fortenberry
Dan Fogelman & Bekah Brunstetter
October 3, 2017 (2017-10-03)
2AZC02
11.06[28]

21
3
"Déjà Vu"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Isaac Aptaker & Elizabeth Berger
October 10, 2017 (2017-10-10)
2AZC03
11.02[29]

22
4
"Still There"
Ken Olin
Vera Herbert
October 17, 2017 (2017-10-17)
2AZC04
10.65[30]

23
5
"Brothers"
John Requa & Glenn Ficarra
Tyler Bensinger
October 24, 2017 (2017-10-24)
2AZC05
10.60[31]

24
6
"The 20's"
Regina King
Don Roos
October 31, 2017 (2017-10-31)
2AZC06
8.43[32]

25
7
"The Most Disappointed Man"
Chris Koch
Kay Oyegun
November 7, 2017 (2017-11-07)
2AZC07
9.89[33]

26
8
"Number One"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg
November 14, 2017 (2017-11-14)
2AZC08
10.05[34]

27
9
"Number Two"
Ken Olin
K.J. Steinberg & Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 21, 2017 (2017-11-21)
2AZC09
9.34[35]

28
10
"Number Three"
Ken Olin
Shukree Hassan Tilghman
November 28, 2017 (2017-11-28)
2AZC10
10.94[36]

29
11
"The Fifth Wheel"[37]
TBA
TBA
January 9, 2018 (2018-01-09)
2AZC11
TBD

30
12
"Clooney"[38]
TBA
TBA
January 16, 2018 (2018-01-16)
2AZC12
TBD

text: Release[edit]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In May 2017, Hulu acquired the SVOD rights to new and past episodes of the series to air exclusively on Hulu, in addition to NBC.com and the NBC app.[39]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes reported a 100% approval rating for the first season with an average rating of 7.7/10 based on 56 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Featuring full-tilt heartstring-tugging family drama, This Is Us will provide a suitable surrogate for those who have felt a void in their lives since Parenthood went off the air."[40] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 76 out of 100 based on 34 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[41] Season 2 received a 94% approval rating from Rotten Tomatoes based on 16 reviews.[42]

text: Entertainment Weekly gave the first few episodes of This Is Us a rating of B, calling it "a refreshing respite from the relational violence and pessimism that marks the other buzz soaps that have bubbled forth from a culture of divisiveness". Moreover, they praised all the actors, specifically Sterling K. Brown, for being able to navigate "his scenes with such intelligence, authenticity, and charisma".[43]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers
(millions)
18–49 rating
(average)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Tuesday 10:00 pm (1–2, 11)
Tuesday 9:00 pm (3–10, 12–18)
18
September 20, 2016 (2016-09-20)
10.07[9]
March 14, 2017 (2017-03-14)
12.84[26]
2016–17
6
14.70
4.6/16[7]

2
Tuesday 9:00 pm
18[3]
September 26, 2017 (2017-09-26)
12.94[27]
TBA
TBD
2017–18
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee(s)
Result
Ref.

2016
African-American Critics Association Awards
Top Ten TV Show
This Is Us
Won

American Film Institute Awards
TV Program of the Year
This Is Us
Won
[44]

Critics' Choice Television Awards
Best Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[45]

Most Exciting New Series
This Is Us
Won
[45]

2017
ACE Eddie Awards
Best Edited One Hour Series for Commercial Television
David L. Bertman (for "Pilot")
Won
[46]

Golden Globe Awards
Best Supporting Actress – Series, Miniseries or Television Film
Chrissy Metz
Nominated
[47]

Mandy Moore
Nominated

Best Television Series – Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Hollywood Music in Media Awards
Outstanding Music Supervision – Television
Jennifer Pyken
Nominated
[48]

MTV Movie & TV Awards
Best Actor in a Show
Mandy Moore
Nominated
[49]

Show of the Year
This Is Us
Nominated

Tearjerker
Milo Ventimiglia and Lonnie Chavis (Jack and Randall at Karate)
Won

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[50]

Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Won

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Nominated

Peabody Awards
Entertainment and Children's programs
This Is Us
Nominated
[51]

People's Choice Awards
Favorite Actor in a New TV Series
Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated
[52]

Favorite Actress in a New TV Series
Mandy Moore
Nominated

Favorite New TV Drama
This Is Us
Won

Screen Actors Guild Awards
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[53]

Teen Choice Awards
Choice TV: Breakout Star
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Choice TV Actor: Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated

Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Choice TV Show: Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Television Critics Association Awards
Individual Achievement in Drama
Sterling K. Brown
Nominated
[54]

Outstanding Achievement in Drama
This Is Us
Nominated

Outstanding New Program
This Is Us
Won

Program of the Year
This Is Us
Nominated

Writers Guild of America Awards
Episodic Drama
Vera Herbert (for "The Trip")
Won
[55]
[56]

New Series
This Is Us
Nominated

Primetime Emmy Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Nominated
[57]

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Milo Ventimiglia
Nominated

Sterling K. Brown
Won

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Ron Cephas Jones
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Chrissy Metz
Nominated

Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards[a]
Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series
Brian Tyree Henry
Nominated

Gerald McRaney
Won

Denis O'Hare
Nominated

Outstanding Casting for a Drama Series
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield
Nominated

Outstanding Makeup for a Single-Camera Series (Non-Prosthetic)
Zoe Hay, Heather Plott, Elizabeth Hoel-Chang, Judith Lynn Staats, John Damiani
Nominated

Seoul International Drama Awards
Grand Prize
This Is Us
Won
[59]

Best Director
Dan Fogelman
Nominated

2018

NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Drama Series
This Is Us
Pending
[60]

Outstanding Actor in a Drama Series
Sterling K. Brown
Pending

Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series
Susan Kelechi Watson
Pending

Outstanding Writing in a Drama Series
Vera Herbert (for "Still Here")
Pending

Outstanding Performance by a Youth
Lonnie Chavis
Pending

text: Notes[edit]

text: Jump up ^ In 2017, Hala Bahmet, Marina Ray and Elinor Bardach were nominated for Outstanding Costumes for a Contemporary Series, Limited Series, or Movie. The nomination was rescinded after it was determined that the submitted episode "Moonshadow" was primarily set in the 1970s, violating the TV Academy's rule that "more than 50 percent" of the episode must be contemporary (within 25 years of the air date).[58]

tag: ol


document_title: In the Heat of the Night (Ray Charles song)

question_text: who sings in the heat of the night song

question_tokens: who sings in the heat of the night song

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: "In the Heat of the Night" is a 1967 song performed by Ray Charles, composed by Quincy Jones, and written by Marilyn Bergman and Alan Bergman for the film In the Heat of the Night. As Matthew Greenwald of AllMusic states, the song "opens the film and accompanying soundtrack with a slice of real, rural backwoods gospel. Lyrically, one of the key lines is 'In the heat of the night/I'm feeling motherless somehow,' which clearly illustrates the main character's dilemma of being in the wrong place at the wrong time. The main melody is guided by Charles' funky piano work and is buttressed by then-session ace Billy Preston's powerful, soulful organ trills. The underlying sense of drama that is so much a part of the film is reflected perfectly in this song, and the Ray Charles Singers add to this with a stately grace. It's perfect listening for a midsummer night when the temperature is just a bit too hot for comfort."[1]

text: Released as a single by ABC Records, Charles' version of the song reached #33 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and #21 on the Hot Rhythm & Blues Singles chart.

text: For the 1988–95 television series of the same name, the song was recorded by Bill Champlin.


document_title: Interstate 65 in Kentucky

question_text: where does time zone change on i 65

question_tokens: where does time zone change on i 65

text: Interstate 65 in Kentucky

text: Route description[edit]

text: Along its 137.32-mile (221.00 km) length in the Bluegrass State,[1] I-65 passes Mammoth Cave National Park, Bernheim Forest, the National Corvette Museum and the Fort Knox Military Reservation before entering the state's largest metropolitan area, Louisville.

text: It has interchanges with four of the state's parkways. The first of these is with the William H. Natcher Parkway at Bowling Green, followed by the Louie B. Nunn Cumberland Parkway north of that city between Smiths Grove and Park City. At Elizabethtown, it has two more parkway interchanges with the Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway and the Martha Layne Collins Bluegrass Parkway.

text: I-65 also has interchanges with I-265, I-264, and a complex junction with I-64 and I-71 along the south bank of the Ohio River in central Louisville. From there, northbound motorists on I-65 cross into Indiana on the Abraham Lincoln Bridge, while southbound I-65 traffic enters Kentucky from Jeffersonville, Indiana via the John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge.

text: The route is reportedly one of the heaviest traveled corridors in the United States, with average daily traffic volumes of 50,000 to 70,000 vehicles. Most of the route has been widened to six lanes throughout the state. The widest stretch of I-65 in its entirety is in Louisville, at Kentucky Route 1065 (Outer Loop) where the mainline is 14 lanes wide.

text: The highway crosses between the Central and Eastern time zones at the border of Hart and LaRue counties, respectively.

text: For most of 2016, the Ohio River Bridges Project routed all I-65 traffic onto the Abraham Lincoln Bridge (a six-lane cable-stayed bridge now carrying only northbound traffic) while rebuilding the deck of the 1963 John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge to accommodate six lanes of all-southbound traffic. The project is also completing the rebuild of the Kennedy Interchange just south of both bridges in downtown Louisville.[2] On December 30, 2016, both I-65 bridges began using electronic toll collection (ETC) to charge motorists for their use of this previously toll-free Interstate crossing.[3]

text: History[edit]

text: Kentucky Turnpike[edit]

text: From July 25, 1954 until June 30, 1975, the portion from the outskirts of Louisville to Elizabethtown was a toll road bearing the Kentucky Turnpike name. It was signed with a distinctive sign featuring a cardinal, the state bird of Kentucky. Unlike most states, Kentucky law requires that tolls be removed when the original construction bonds are paid off. The road was thus the first of the state's extensive system of toll roads to be made free.[4] Unlike the other roads, which maintain their separate names when becoming toll-free, the Kentucky Turnpike signs were removed. It is today almost impossible to find any traces of its former toll status.

text: Original toll plazas and charges[edit]

text: The table below shows the original locations of the toll plazas, and toll charges for consumer-sized, or class 1 vehicles.

text:
Exit
Location [5]
Through cars charge
Enter or Exit

94
Elizabethtown (at U.S. 62)
10 cents
N/A

117
Shepherdsville (at KY 44)
50 cents
25 cents

127
Louisville (Outer Loop)
Free
10 cents

128
Louisville (Fern Valley Road)

Full-length trip
$0.60

text: Service areas[edit]

text: In addition to toll plazas, the Kentucky Turnpike also provided two service areas just south of Lebanon Junction and just north of Shephardsville. They each provided a gas station and at least one fast food restaurant. They both closed when the turnpike was absorbed into the Interstate 65 corridor in June 1975, thus making the service area on the Wendell H. Ford Western Kentucky Parkway (a.k.a. the “WK Parkway”) the last remaining service areas on the toll road system, and still remained open even after the WK Parkway became toll-free in 1987, which is 27 years after the Kentucky Turnpike did so.

text: 21st century[edit]

text: On November 15, 2006, the stretch of I-65 from Bowling Green to Louisville was renamed the Abraham Lincoln Memorial Highway.[6]

text: On February 12, 2007, a bill passed the Kentucky Senate to rename I-65 in Jefferson County the "Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Expressway".[7] Signage was posted July 25, 2007.[8]

text: On July 15, 2007, Kentucky officially raised its speed limits on Interstate and State Parkway Highways to 70 miles per hour (110 km/h). Until that date, Kentucky was the only state along I-65's path that had a speed limit of 65 mph (105 km/h).[9]

text: In 2008, Governor Steve Beshear ordered the entire route to be widened to a minimum of six lanes through the entire state. As of 2017, the majority of this project is complete.

text: In July 2017, the KYTC opened a new interchange of I-65 at mile marker 30 to provide access to the Kentucky Transpark near Bowling Green. The $66.8 million project, which began in 2016, would improve traffic conditions along I-65 and U.S. 31W in northeastern Warren County. The first phase of the project include the new interchange, Exit 30, plus a four-lane connector road going from the interstate to U.S. 68 just east of Bowling Green. [10] The second phase is building a two-lane connector road running from U.S. 68 to U.S. 31W between Bowling Green and Oakland, thus relieving congestion problems on both U.S. routes. This was the first new exit on I-65 since 2002, when the interchange with KY 234 was built to connect downtown Bowling Green from the freeway.

text: Exit list[edit]

text:
County
Location
mi[11]
km
Exit
Destinations
Notes

Simpson

0.00
0.00

 I-65 south – Nashville
Continuation into Tennessee

1.980
3.187
2
 US 31W (Main Street) – Franklin

5.979
9.622
6
 KY 100 (Scottsville Road) – Scottsville, Franklin

Warren

20.568
33.101
20
 Natcher Parkway – Owensboro, Bowling Green
Natcher Parkway exits 2A-B; signed 20A (south) & 20B (north).

Bowling Green
22.388
36.030
22
 US 231 (Scottsville Road) – Scottsville, Bowling Green

25.732
41.412
26
 KY 234 (Cemetery Road) – Bowling Green

Bowling Green
28.066
45.168
28
 KY 446 to US 31W – Bowling Green
Serves National Corvette Museum

30
 KY 3145 to US 68 – Bowling Green
Serves Kentucky Transpark; exit opened July 6, 2017[12][13]

Oakland
35.631
57.343
36
 US 68 (Glasgow Road) / KY 80 – Oakland
Northbound exit and southbound entrance

Smiths Grove
37.578
60.476
38
 KY 101 (Main Street) to US 68 – Smiths Grove, Scottsville
Also serves Nolin River Reservoir

Barren

43.135
69.419
43
 Cumberland Parkway – Somerset, Glasgow
Cumberland Parkway exit 0

Park City
47.371
76.236
48
 KY 255 (Mammoth Cave Parkway) to US 31W – Park City, Brownsville
Serves Mammoth Cave National Park

Cave City
52.423
84.367
53
 KY 70 (Mammoth Cave Road) / KY 90 – Cave City, Glasgow
Serves Mammoth Cave National Park

Hart

57.627
92.742
58
 KY 218 (Flint Ridge Road) to KY 335 – Horse Cave

Munfordville
64.200
103.320
65
 US 31W (Main Street) – Munfordville

70.407
113.309
71
 KY 728 (Bacon Creek Road) – Bonnieville

LaRue
Upton
75.896
122.143
76
 KY 224 (Upton Talley Road) – Upton

Hardin
Sonora
80.457
129.483
81
 KY 84 (Western Avenue) to US 31W – Sonora

85.686
137.898
86
 KY 222 (Glendale Hodgenville Road) to US 31W – Glendale

Elizabethtown
91.086
146.589
91
 US 31W / KY 61 / Western Kentucky Parkway – Hodgenville, Paducah, Elizabethtown
Southbound exit to Dixie Avenue, Serves Abraham Lincoln Birthplace National Historical Park; WKP exit 137

93.345
150.224
93
 Bluegrass Parkway – Lexington, Bardstown

94.154
151.526
94
 US 62 (Mulberry Street) / KY 61 – Elizabethtown

102.533
165.011
102
 KY 313 (Joe Prather Highway) – Radcliff, Vine Grove

Bullitt
Lebanon Junction
104.698
168.495
105
 KY 61 (Preston Highway) – Boston, Lebanon Junction

111.773
179.881
112
 KY 245 (Clermont Road) – Bardstown, Clermont

Shepherdsville
115.574
185.998
116
 KY 480 (Cedar Grove Road) to KY 61

116.639
187.712
117
 KY 44 (4th Street) – Mt. Washington, Shepherdsville

121.722
195.893
121
 KY 1526 (John Harper Highway)

Jefferson

125.143
201.398
125
 I-265 east (Gene Snyder Freeway) / KY 841
I-265 exit 10; signed as exits 125A (east) & 125B (west) northbound.

126.746
203.978
127
 KY 1065 (Outer Loop) – Okolona, Fairdale
Southbound split exit (east) and (west)

Louisville
128.328
206.524
128
 KY 1747 (Fern Valley Road)

129.802
208.896
130
 KY 61 (Preston Highway) / Grade Lane

130.710
210.357
131A
 I-264 (Watterson Expressway) – Louisville International Airport
I-264 exit 12; signed as exits 131A (east) and 131B (west) southbound.

130.792
210.489
131B
Kentucky Exposition Center

132.601
213.401
132
 KY 1631 (Crittenden Drive) – Kentucky Exposition Center
No access back to I-65 Northbound (must use exit 133 from Warnock Street)

132.955
213.970
133

 US 60 Alt. (Eastern Parkway)
No access from I-65 Southbound to (Eastern Parkway, must use Arthur Street)or back to I-65 northbound (must use Warnock Street for I-65 North)

133.767
215.277
134
 KY 61 south (Arthur Street)
South end of KY 61 overlap; no northbound exit to Preston Street

133.978
215.617
134A
 KY 61 north (Preston Street)
North end of KY 61 overlap; northbound exit and southbound entrance

134.145
215.885
134B
Woodbine Street
Northbound exit and southbound entrance

134.675
216.738
135
St. Catherine Street west

135.195–
135.384
217.575–
217.879
136A
Chestnut Street, Broadway (US 150)
Northbound exit and southbound entrance

135.649
218.306
136B
Brook Street
Northbound exit and southbound entrance

135.649–
135.919
218.306–
218.740
136C
Muhammad Ali Boulevard, Jefferson Street – Downtown Louisville
Signed northbound as exit 136C

136.421
219.548
137
 I-64 / I-71 north – Lexington, St. Louis, Cincinnati
I-64 exit 5; I-71 exit 1

Ohio River
137.318
220.992
John F. Kennedy Memorial Bridge (southbound)
Abraham Lincoln Bridge (northbound)
 I-65 continues north into Indiana

1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi

      Concurrency terminus
      Incomplete access

text: Auxiliary routes[edit]

text: I-265: Forms three-quarters of a beltway around Metro Louisville. The signage runs from I-65 to I-71 on the northeast side of the Metro. It is cosigned with KY 841 for its entire length and is known as the Gene Snyder Freeway. Construction of the Lewis and Clark Bridge over the Ohio River to connect the Kentucky segment of I-265 with the Indiana segment was completed and opened to traffic on December 18, 2016.


document_title: Super Bowl curse

question_text: when was the last time the home team played in the super bowl

text: Super Bowl curse

text: The Home Field Advantage Curse[edit]

text: The home field curse affects the host team of the Super Bowl. So far no team has yet managed to reach the Super Bowl in their home stadium. Four teams with Super Bowls in their home venue have qualified for the divisional playoffs: the 1994 Miami Dolphins, the 1998 Miami Dolphins, the 2016 Houston Texans, and the 2017 Minnesota Vikings, the Vikings being the first to qualify for their conference's title game. From 1966–2011 (excluding the six Super Bowl games held in a stadium without a professional team), the Super Bowl host team has had 11 winning seasons, four split seasons, and 25 losing seasons. Mathematically, the probability of that many losing seasons or more occurring by chance (assuming a 50 percent chance of having a losing season (disregarding .500 seasons)) is 7.69 percent. It should be noted, however, that the Super Bowl host stadium is selected several years before the game is played, without regard to the teams that qualify.

text: Only two NFL teams have reached the Super Bowl hosted in their home region: the San Francisco 49ers, who played Super Bowl XIX in Stanford Stadium, rather than Candlestick Park, and the Los Angeles Rams, who played Super Bowl XIV in the Rose Bowl, rather than the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum. Besides Stanford Stadium and the Rose Bowl, the only other Super Bowl venue that was not the home stadium to an NFL team at the time was Rice Stadium in Houston: the Houston Oilers had played there previously, but moved to the Astrodome several years prior to Super Bowl VIII. The Miami Orange Bowl was the only AFL stadium to host a Super Bowl and the only stadium to host consecutive Super Bowls, hosting Super Bowl II and III. MetLife Stadium in New Jersey, which hosted Super Bowl XLVIII, is the home stadium of two NFL teams: the New York Giants and the New York Jets.

text: This list of examples is not exhaustive; no team has every qualified for the Super Bowl played in their home stadium.

text:
Team
Host Field
Season
Season Record

Houston Oilers
Rice Stadium, Houston, TX
1973 (Super Bowl VIII)
1--13

Atlanta Falcons
Georgia Dome, Atlanta, GA
1999 (Super Bowl XXXIV)
5--11

Indianapolis Colts
Lucas Oil Stadium, Indianapolis, IN
2011 (Super Bowl XLVI)
2--14

New Orleans Saints
Mercedes-Benz Superdome, New Orleans, LA
2012 (Super Bowl XLVII)
7--9

New York Jets
MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ
2013 (Super Bowl XLVIII)
8--8

New York Giants
MetLife Stadium, East Rutherford, NJ
2013 (Super Bowl XLVIII)
7--9

San Francisco 49ers
Levi's Stadium, Santa Clara, CA
2015 (Super Bowl 50)
5--11

Minnesota Vikings
US Bank Stadium, Minneapolis, MN
2017 (Super Bowl LII)
13--3

text: The Non-Repeat Curse[edit]

text: Since 1993, few winning teams have followed up their Super Bowl appearances with a second Super Bowl appearance, or even advanced to a conference title game in the subsequent season (the 1994 Dallas Cowboys qualified for their conference title but did not qualify for the Super Bowl). Only seven teams have won back-to-back Super Bowl championships, and only one of these seven have made more than two consecutive winning appearances in the Super Bowl. The only franchise to reach more than three straight title games was the Buffalo Bills who lost four Super Bowls in a row from 1990–93.

text: Since 2005, no incumbent holder has managed to successfully defend their title. Between 2006 and 2013, every defending Super Bowl champion would conclude the following season either losing their opening playoff game or failing to qualify for the playoffs.

text: This list of examples includes every team that has ever had back-to-back appearances at the Super Bowl.

text:
Team
First Super Bowl Appearance
Score
Second Super Bowl Appearance
Score
Third Super Bowl Appearance
Score
Fourth Super Bowl Appearance
Score

Dallas Cowboys
1970 (Super Bowl V)
13--16
1971 (Super Bowl VI)
24--3
-
-
-
-

Miami Dolphins
1971 (Super Bowl VI)
3--24
1972 (Super Bowl VII)
14--7
1973 (Super Bowl VIII)

-
-

Pittsburgh Steelers
1974 (Super Bowl IX)
16-6
1975 (Super Bowl X)
17--21
-
-
-
-

Pittsburgh Steelers
1978 (Super Bowl XIII)
35--31
1979 (Super Bowl XIV)
19--31
-
-
-
-

San Francisco 49ers
1989 (Super Bowl XXIII)
20--16
1990 (Super Bowl XXIV)
55--10
-
-
-
-

Buffalo Bills
1990 (Super Bowl XXV)
19--20
1991 (Super Bowl XXVI)
24--37
1992 (Super Bowl XXVII)
17--52
1993 (Super Bowl XXVIII)
13--30

Dallas Cowboys
1992 (Super Bowl XXVII)
52--17
1993 (Super Bowl XXVIII)
30--13
-
-
-
-

Green Bay Packers
1996 (Super Bowl XXXI)
35--21
1997 (Super Bowl XXXII)
24--31
-
-
-
-

Denver Broncos
1997 (Super Bowl XXXII)
31--24
1998 (Super Bowl XXXIII)
34--19
-
-
-
-

New England Patriots
2003 (Super Bowl XXXVIII)
32--29
2004 (Super Bowl XXXIX)
24--21
-
-
-
-

Seattle Seahawks
2013 (Super Bowl XLVIII)
31--34
2014 (Super Bowl XLIX)
43--8
-
-
-
-

New England Patriots
2016 (Super Bowl LI)
34--28
2017 (Super Bowl LII)
33--41
-
-
-
-

text: The Losers' Curse[edit]

text: Although many teams experience this phenomenon, it is certainly not the rule. There are many speculations made about potential causal factors for this trend, including the team having a shorter offseason due to their extended postseason play, difficulty settling contracts, more pressure on the players, and an increase in visibility, which could contribute to nervous playing.[3]

text: One piece of the Super Bowl curse asserts the team that loses the Super Bowl will go into losing seasons overall. The trend was especially evident during the early 2000s.[4]

text: This list of examples is not exhaustive.

text:
Team
Super Bowl Season
Season Record
Super Bowl Score
Season
Record

Cincinnati Bengals
1988 (Super Bowl XXIII)
12--4
16--20
1989
8--8

Denver Broncos
1989 (Super Bowl XXIV)
11--5
10--55
1990
5--11

Buffalo Bills
1993 (Super Bowl XXVIII)
12--4
13--30
1994
7--9

Atlanta Falcons
1998 (Super Bowl XXXIII)
14--2
19--34
1999
5--11

New York Giants
2000 (Super Bowl XXXV)
12--4
7--34
2001
7--9

St. Louis Rams
2001 (Super Bowl XXXVI)
14--2
17--20
2002
7--9

Oakland Raiders
2002 (Super Bowl XXXVII)
11--5
21--48
2003
4--12

Carolina Panthers
2003 (Super Bowl XXXVIII)
11--5
29--32
2004
7--9

Philadelphia Eagles
2004 (Super Bowl XXXIX)
13--3
21--24
2005
6--10

Chicago Bears
2006 (Super Bowl XLI)
13--3
17--29
2007
7--9

Carolina Panthers
2015 (Super Bowl 50)
15--1
10--24
2016
6--10

text: Further reading[edit]

text:
"Credit Belichick for beating Super Bowl curse". The Sacramento Bee. October 25, 2006. pp. C3.
Freeman, Mike (December 12, 1991). "Fans cry: Off with Giants' Head (Coach)!". The Washington Post.
Green Jr., Ron (November 5, 2004). "Lost-the-Super-Bowl blues afflict Panthers, Raiders". The Charlotte Observer. pp. 2C.
"Less and more than rumored Miami and the Super Bowl curse". Sarasota Herald Tribune. January 30, 1999.
Penner, Mike (August 27, 2006). "Curses are reality to fantasy leaguers". Los Angeles Times. pp. D.2.


document_title: Ellen's Game of Games

question_text: when does ellen's game of games air

question_tokens: when does ellen 's game of games air

text: Ellen's Game of Games

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired
Nielsen ratings

First aired
Last aired
Rank
Average viewers
(in millions)

1
8
December 18, 2017 (2017-12-18)
February 6, 2018 (2018-02-06)
N/A
N/A

2
13
January 2019 (2019-01)
N/A
N/A
N/A

text: Format[edit]

text: Each episode is a self-contained mini-tournament with contestants being selected to play in one of four preliminary games. The winner of each game advances to the semi-final round to play "Know or Go". The last remaining player will play the "Hot Hands" game for a chance to win $100,000.

text: Preliminary games[edit]

text:
Aw Snap: Contestants are joined by a bungee cord. The first contestant to move five apples into a basket, using only their teeth, advances.
Blindfolded Musical Chairs: Five contestants are blindfolded. In each of four heats, the contestants dance on a dance floor until the music stops; Ellen then presses buttons that cause stools to rise up from the floor. The first contestant to sit on each chair advances; the last contestant in each heat is eliminated. At the end of the fourth round, the winning contestant advances.
Danger Word: Two teams of two compete. One member of each team stands by Ellen, and acts as a clue-giver; the other member of the team sits behind three cannons. For each round, there is a "winning word" and a related "danger word" (e.g., winning word "lettuce", danger word "salad"). The two teams then alternate giving clues, Password-style. If a guesser gives the winning word, the opposing team gets a strike (and the opposing guesser gets sprayed with something from one of the cannons); if a guesser gives the danger word, his or her team gets a strike, and he or she gets sprayed. The first team to get three strikes is eliminated, and the winning team chooses one contestant to play Know or Go.
Dizzy Dash: Ellen reads a trivia question. Before contestants can answer, they are spun around to disorient them; to answer the question, the contestants must run to a nearby podium and grab the ball on top of it. The first contestant to answer three questions correctly advances.
Don't Leave Me Hanging: Three contestants are suspended from harnesses. The contestants take turns coming up with answers that fit a given category, such as "States that end in 'A'." A category ends when one contestant gives an incorrect answer, repeats a previous answer, or takes too long to respond; that contestant gets a strike. A contestant who gets three strikes is eliminated, and is launched to the top of the studio.
In Your Face, Honey: Two couples compete against each other: one member from each couple attempting to throw a ball as close to the target as possible. Whichever couple accumulates the most points after two attempts decides who will advance to Know or Go.
Make It Rain: Two contestants answer trivia questions asked by Ellen for turns at pulling down one of several umbrellas; one of which contains a cash prize of $10,000 in addition to a chance at playing for Know or Go, the rest filled with water.
Master Blaster: Three contestants compete to solve a jigsaw-style puzzle. The contestants are attached to bungee cords; the losing contestants are "blasted" into the air.
One-Eyed Monster: One at a time, contestants enter the monster. They must answer a question whose answer is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5. For each number the contestant is off, he or she must pull one of the monster's teeth (e.g., if the correct answer is 3, saying either 2 or 4 results in pulling one tooth). However if the contestant gets the answer exactly right, he or she will not have to pull out any teeth and is safe. Pulling the wrong tooth causes the monster's jaws to snap shut, eliminating the contestant.
Say Whaaaat?: Eight contestants form two teams of four. One member of the team must relay a message to the other member, who is wearing headphones and therefore must use lip reading. The team that collects the most points wins, and chooses one member to compete in Know or Go. if there is a tie the teams must do it again.
Scary Go Round: Contestants must try to move three large balls across a series of rotating platforms within three minutes. The second contestant can fire balls from a "ball blaster" to impede the first contestant's progress. The contestant who completes the task in the faster time wins. if there is a tie, both players must do it again.
Tuba Toothpaste: Contestants are seated before a row of buttons shaped like valves on a tuba. Ellen then poses ridiculously hard trivia questions to each contestant in turn. When a contestant misses a question, Ellen spins a wheel to determine how many valves (one, two, or three) the contestant must press. but if a contestant somehow gets it right, he or she is safe. One of the valves causes the tuba to eject toothpaste at the contestant; when that happens, the other contestant advances.
You Bet Your Wife: Two teams of spouses or fiancés compete. Two husbands/fiancés bid auction-style on how many answers their wives/fiancés can give in a given category (e.g., "national brands of toothpaste") within 30 seconds. When one husband challenges, the other team's wife must give the required number of responses (there is no penalty for incorrect answers). Giving the required number of responses earns one point; the opposing teams earns a point if the challenged team fails, with Ellen sending the wife/fiancé falling. The first team to earn three points wins, and then chooses one member of the pair to play Know or Go.

text: Know or Go[edit]

text: The four winning contestants of each preliminary game stand on a platform 30 feet in the air. One by one they are given a category, and each contestant is asked a question in turn from left to right. When a contestant misses a question or answers it incorrectly, the contestant is eliminated, and falls through a chute beneath his or her feet. The last contestant remaining wins and advances to Hot Hands.

text: Hot Hands[edit]

text: The contestant has 30 seconds to identify the faces of ten celebrities that fit a category ("80s Stars" in the premiere). After identifying a celebrity, the contestant must press a button to move on to the next face. Contestants may pass if they are unsure; after three seconds, the next face automatically appears. Contestants earn an escalating amount of money based on the number of faces they correctly identify, as shown in the table below; correctly identifying ten celebrities earns the grand prize of $100,000.

text:
Correct answers
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Money won
$100
$1,000
$2,500
$10,000
$20,000
$30,000
$40,000
$50,000
$75,000
$100,000

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Game of Games"
December 18, 2017
1.7/6
7.23[5]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

2
"I'll Have What She's Playing"
January 2, 2018
2.2/8
8.84[6]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

3
"Say Hello to My Little Friends"
January 2, 2018
2.4/8
8.88[6]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

4
"Hasta la Vista, Honey!"
January 9, 2018
2.1/8
7.87[7]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

5
"Just Keep Spinning"
January 16, 2018
2.2/8
8.78[8]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

6
"You Can't Handle the Toothpaste"
January 23, 2018
1.8/7
7.57[9]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

7
"Ellen, We Have a Problem"
January 30, 2018
1.8/7
7.58[10]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

8
"I See Dizzy People"
February 6, 2018
1.9/7
7.70[11]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

text: Internation Versions[edit]

text: Network Ten in Australia has announced a local version of the show.[12]


document_title: Too Darn Hot

question_text: who sings too darn hot in kiss me kate

question_tokens: who sings too darn hot in kiss me kate

text: Too Darn Hot

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: "Too Darn Hot" is a song written by Cole Porter for his musical Kiss Me, Kate (1948). In the stage version, it is sung at the start of Act 2, and in the 1948 original Broadway production, it was sung by Lorenzo Fuller (as Paul) and Eddie Sledge and Fred Davis (as the specialty dancers), leading the full company. In the 1953 MGM Hollywood film version, it is moved to a much earlier point, and it is sung by Ann Miller (as Lois Lane, Fred's new girlfriend, who is cast as Bianca). The song does not really contribute to the plot in either the stage or film versions; in the stage version, the song represents the company of The Taming of the Shrew taking a break offstage during the intermission of their play; in the film version it allows the audience to see Lois's fun-loving, risk-taking nature, and gave Ann Miller a chance to show off her dancing skills, specifically tap. The line 'According to the Kinsey report' (in the original stage production) was changed in the film version to 'According to the latest report'. The song has also been covered by many artists.

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: Ella Fitzgerald recorded the song for her 1956 album "Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Songbook".

text:
"Too Darn Hot"

Song by Ella Fitzgerald

from the album Ella Fitzgerald Sings the Cole Porter Songbook

Released
1956

Recorded
February - March 1956

Genre

Jazz

Length
3:51

Label
verve

Songwriter(s)

Cole Porter

text: Petula Clark recorded it for her album Petula Clark in Hollywood (1959).

text: Mitzi Gaynor performed the song live on The Ed Sullivan Show in between the two sets of The Beatles for their second appearance on the show in 1964.

text: It was covered by Erasure for the Red Hot + Blue compilation (album and video versions) in 1990.

text: It was included by Anthony Strong on his 2013 album Stepping Out and by Stacey Kent in her 2003 album The Boy Next Door, as well as by Holly Cole in the album Shade the same year.

text: This song was the soundtrack of a 2003 Adidas commercial.[1]

text: The song gained new currency in 2004 because of two films that came out that year. The first was the Porter biopic De-Lovely, and the second was the movie Kinsey, which used the tune because Porter mentioned the Kinsey report on American sexual attitudes in the song's bridge.

text: This song is referenced in the title song of the 2008 musical In the Heights by Usnavi.

text: In 2013 for Verve Remixed: The First Ladies, RAC (DJ) did a chill version of Ella Fitzgerald's take.

text: In 2015, Katie Derham danced the Charleston to 'Too Darn Hot' on the thirteenth series of Strictly Come Dancing with her professional dancing partner Anton Du Beke.


document_title: Cessna 150

question_text: what is the range of a cessna 150

question_tokens: what is the range of a cessna 150

text: Cessna 150

text: Development overview[edit]

text: Development of the Model 150 began in the mid-1950s with the decision by Cessna Aircraft to produce a successor to the popular Cessna 140 which finished production in 1951. The main changes in the 150 design were the use of tricycle landing gear, which is easier to learn to use than the tailwheel landing gear of the Cessna 140, and replacing the rounded wingtips and horizontal and vertical stabilizers with more modern, squared-off profiles. In addition, the narrow, hinged wing flaps of the 140 were replaced by larger, far more effective Fowler flaps.

text: The Cessna 150 prototype first flew on September 12, 1957, with production commencing in September 1958 at Cessna's Wichita, Kansas plant.[3] 1,764 aircraft were also produced by Reims Aviation under license in France. These French manufactured 150s were designated Reims F-150, the "F" indicating they were built in France.

text: American-made 150s were all produced with the Continental O-200-A 100 hp (75 kW) engine, but the Reims-built aircraft are powered by a Rolls Royce-built Continental O-200-As, with some Continental O-240-A powered versions.

text: All Cessna 150s have very effective flaps that extend 40 degrees.[4]

text: The best-performing airplanes in the 150 and 152 fleet are the 1962 Cessna 150B and the 1963 Cessna 150C. Thanks to their light 1,500 lb (680 kg) gross weight and more aerodynamic rear fuselage, they climb the fastest, have the highest ceilings, and require the shortest runways. They have a 109-knot (202 km/h) cruise speed, faster than any other model year of either the 150 or 152.[5]

text: All models from 1966 onwards have larger doors and increased baggage space. With the 1967 Model 150G the doors were bowed outwards 1.5 inches (38 mm) on each side to provide more cabin elbow room.

text: Production[edit]

text: A total of 22,138 Cessna 150s were built in the United States, including 21,404 Commuters and 734 Aerobats. Reims Aviation completed 1,764 F-150s, of which 1,428 were Commuters and 336 were Aerobats. A Reims affiliate in Argentina also assembled 47 F-150s, including 38 Commuters and 9 Aerobats.

text: Of all the Cessna 150-152 models, the 1966 model year was the most plentiful with 3,067 1966 Cessna 150s produced. This was the first year the aircraft featured a swept tail fin, increased baggage area and electrically operated flaps.

text: Design succession[edit]

text: The 150 was succeeded in the summer of 1977 by the closely related Cessna 152. The 152 is more economical to operate due to the increased TBO (time between overhaul) of the Lycoming O-235 engine. The 152 had its flap travel limited to 30 degrees from the 150's 40 degree deflection for better climb with full flaps and the maximum certified gross weight was increased from 1,600 lb (726 kg) on the 150 to 1670 lb (757 kg) on the 152. Production of the 152 ended in 1985 when manufacturing of all Cessna piston singles was suspended.[1]

text: In 2007 Cessna announced the two-seat successor to the Model 150 and 152, the Model 162 Skycatcher.

text: Variants[edit]

text: The first model year of the Cessna 150 carried no suffix letter. It was available as the "150" or the upgraded "Commuter". The engine was a 100 horsepower (75 kW) Continental O-200, the gross weight was 1,500 lb (680 kg) and flaps were actuated manually with a lever between the seats. Production commenced late in 1958 as the 1959 model year.

text: The cost was US$6,995 for the Standard Model 150, $7,940 for the Trainer and $8,545 for the Commuter.[3]

text: The 1960 model introduced a 35-ampere generator on the Commuter. The "patroller" was also introduced in 1960. This was a standard 150 with acrylic glass windows on the lower doors, 35 US gallon long-range fuel tanks and a message chute for dropping packages to the ground.

text: Production was 122 in 1958, 648 in 1959 and 354 in 1960.[6]

text: The 1961 model incorporated enough changes to justify a suffix letter and thus was designated the “150A”.

text: The "A" had its main landing gear moved aft by two inches to eliminate the problem of the aircraft ending up on its tail while loading people and baggage and also to improve nosewheel steering authority.

text: The "A" also had 15% larger rear side windows and new adjustable seats. 344 were constructed.[6]

text: The 150B was the 1962 model. It had a new propeller that increased cruise speed by 2 knots (3.7 km/h) and the option of a two-passenger child seat for the baggage compartment. 331 "B" models were built.[6] The Commuter version cost US$8,995.[7]

text: The 1963 model was the "C", which introduced the option of larger 6.00×6 inch tires to replace the standard 5.00×5 tires and fuel quick drains. 472 were completed.[6]

text: The 1964 "D" model brought the first dramatic change to the 150 – the introduction of a rear window under the marketing name Omni-Vision. The rear window changed the look of the 150 and cost 3 mph (4.8 km/h) in cruise speed. It also resulted in a larger baggage compartment and a greater structural weight allowance for baggage from 80 to 120 lb (54 kg). The unswept tailfin from previous years was retained for another two years. Elevator and rudder mass balances were increased to reduce flutter potential caused by the less aerodynamic rear fuselage. The gross weight of the aircraft was also increased in 1964 to 1,600 lb (730 kg), where it would stay until the advent of the Cessna 152. 804 150Ds were built.[6]

text: Many people find the new cabin more "airy" and pleasant, due to the increased light.[8]

text: The 1965 Cessna 150E saw only the addition of new seats, although the standard empty weight went up 40 lb (18 kg) that year to 1,010 lb (460 kg). The "E" model saw production increase to 1637 aircraft.[6]

text: The 1966 model saw great changes to the 150 design. The tailfin was swept back 35 degrees to match the styling of the Cessna 172 and other models. The cabin doors were made 23% wider, new brakes were brought in and the 6.00×6 tires were made standard. The previously manual flaps were now electrically actuated through a panel-mounted flap switch. The old electric stall warning system was replaced with a pneumatic-type. The baggage compartment was enlarged by 50%. A total of 3087 of the newly styled "F" models were produced.[6]

text: 1966 was also the first production of French Reims-built F-150s, with 67 built as the F150F.[9]

text: In the 1967 model, the instrument panel was redesigned. The doors were "bowed" out to give three more inches of shoulder and hip room which was needed in the small cabin. The "G" model also saw a new short-stroke nose oleo introduced to reduce the drag created by the nosewheel assembly. The previously fitted generator was replaced by a 60-ampere alternator, reflecting the increasing avionics that the planes were being fitted with.

text: The "G" model was also the first Cessna 150 variant certified for floats. A total of 2114 "G" models were built, plus 152 built by Reims as F150G.[6]

text: The 1968 model 150 was designated the "H". It introduced a new-style center console, designed to improve legroom. A new electric flap switch was also fitted that allowed "hands-off" retraction of the flaps, but not extension. 2007 150Hs were built in Wichita, with 170 built by Reims as the F150H.[6]

text: There was no 150 "India" model as Cessna didn't want it to look like a Cessna 1,501. This did not prevent Cessna from designating an "India" model Cessna 172 however.[6]

text: The 150J, in 1969, brought a new key-operated starter that replaced the old "pull-style" starter. The new starter was more "car-like" but not as reliable as the old one and also more expensive to repair.

text: An auxiliary power plug was also made available as an option in 1969, along with "rocker" style electrical switches. 1714 "J" models were built,[6] plus 140 built by Reims as the F150J.

text: 1970 was the year that Cessna introduced the A150K Aerobat, a Cessna 150K with limited aerobatic capabilities. It retained the 100 horsepower (75 kW) Continental O-200 all 150s used, but differed from the baseline 150K in having more structural strength, being rated +6/-3 g. Other "aerobatic" features included four-point harnesses for both occupants, dual overhead skylights for upward visibility (which, while standard on the Cessna 140, had not been part of the 150 design) jettisonable doors, a more sporty checkerboard paint scheme and removable seat cushions so that parachutes could be worn. In 1970, an Aerobat cost $12,000 as opposed to the $11,450 price for a 150K Commuter model.[10]

text: Both the new Aerobat and the non-aerobatic 150K also sported new conical cambered wingtips in 1970. A total of 832 "K" models were built, including A150Ks.[6] Reims built 129 as the F150K and 81 as the FA150K.

text: The 150L had the longest production run of any 150 sub-model, being produced 1971–74.

text: New in 1971 were tubular landing gear legs with a 16% greater width (6 feet 6 inches (1.98 m) to 7 feet 7 inches (2.31 m) for better ground handling. These replaced the previous flat steel leaf spring gear. Also in 1971, the landing and taxi lights were moved from the wing leading edge to the nose bowl to better illuminate the ground. They were an improvement, but bulb life was reduced due to the heat and vibration of that location. They were moved back to the wing on the 1984 model Cessna 152.

text: The "L" also introduced a longer dorsal strake that reached to the rear window. This was done more for styling than for aerodynamics and the empty weight accordingly went up 10 lb (4.5 kg) over the "K". 879 were built in 1971.

text: In 1972 the "L" received new fuel filler caps to reduce moisture seepage, and better seats and seat tracks. 1100 were built in 1972.

text: The 1973 "L" model brought in lower seats to provide more headroom for taller pilots. 1460 of the 1973 models were built.

text: The final "L" model was produced in 1974. The only change this model year was the propeller on the A150L Aerobat, to a new Clark Y airfoil that increased cruise by 4 mph (6.4 km/h). 1080 150s were produced in 1974.[6]

text: Total "L" production was 4519, plus the 485 built by Reims as the F150L and 39 FA150L Aerobats. An additional 39 were built in Argentina by DINFIA as the A-150L.[11]

text: Reims produced a variant of the FA150L Aerobat with a Rolls-Royce Continental O-240-A engine, 141 built.[11]

text: The final Cessna 150 model was the 150M. It introduced the "Commuter II" upgrade package that included many optional avionics and trim items as standard. The "M" also brought an increased fin height, by 6 inches (150 mm). This increased the rudder and fin area by 15% to improve crosswind handling. The "M" was produced for three years: 1975–77.

text: Inertia-reel restraints became available as an option with the 1975 model year. 1269 1975 model 150Ms were built.

text: In 1976 the "M" gained a suite of electrical circuit breakers to replace the previous fuses used. It was also fitted with a fully articulated pilot seat as standard equipment (this seat had been optional on some earlier models). 1399 were built.

text: The 1977 model year was the last for the Cessna 150. It added only "pre-select" flaps, allowing the pilot to set the flaps to any position without the pilot having to hold the switch during flap travel, enabling the pilot to concentrate on other flying duties. Only 427 1977 model 150Ms were built as production shifted to the improved Cessna 152 in the early part of 1977.

text: The many refinements incorporated into the 150 over the years had cost the aircraft a lot of useful load. The very first 150 weighed 962 lb (436 kg) empty, whereas the last "M Commuter II" had an empty weight of 1,129 lb (512 kg). This increase in empty weight of 167 lb (76 kg) was offset only by a gross weight increase of 100 lb (45 kg) in 1964.[4] The 152 would bring a much-needed 70 lb (32 kg) increase in gross weight to 1,670 lb (760 kg).[6]

text: A total of 3097 "M" models were built during its three-year run.[6] An additional 285 were built by Reims as the F150M and 141 FA150M Aerobats. Reims also built 75 A150Ls with F150M modifications.

text: Reims produced a variant of the Rolls-Royce Continental O-240-A powered FRA150L Aerobat with the same improvements as the F150M, 75 built.[11]

text: Flight characteristics[edit]

text: The Cessna 150 is simple, robust, and easy to fly. For these reasons it has become one of the world's most popular basic trainers.[1][12]

text: Cockpit visibility is generally good other than directly above the aircraft, where the view is blocked by the wing. This obstruction is of particular concern when, as is the case with most high-wing aircraft, the inside-turn wing blocks vision in the direction of a turn. As a partial remedy to this some 150s, including all Aerobats, feature a pair of overhead skylights.

text: Due to its light weight and light wing loading (10 lb/sq ft), the aircraft is sensitive to turbulence.[1][4]

text: Power-on and power-off stalls are easily controlled.[1] Normal spin recovery techniques are highly effective.

text: Modifications available[edit]

text: There are hundreds of modifications available for the Cessna 150. Some of the most frequently installed include:

text:
Vortex generators and STOL kits that reduce the stall speed of the plane.[13]
Flap gap seals to reduce drag and increase rate of climb.[13]
Different wing tips, some of which claim various cruise speed increases and stall speed reductions.[13]
Auto fuel STCs, which permit the use of automobile fuel instead of the more expensive aviation fuel.
Larger engines, up to 180 horsepower (130 kW).[13]
Taildragger landing gear.[13]
Auxiliary fuel tanks for larger capacity.[13]
Door catches to replace the factory ones that often fail in service.[13]
Belly fuel drain valves to drain fuel from the lowest point in the fuel system.[13]

text: Noteworthy flights[edit]

text:
On August 8, 1964, a pair of commercial pilots flew a Cessna 150 into the Meteor Crater in Arizona. On crossing the rim, they could not maintain level flight. The pilot attempted to build up speed by circling in the crater to climb over the rim. During the attempted climbout, the aircraft stalled, crashed, and caught fire. It is commonly reported that the plane ran out of fuel, but this is incorrect. Both occupants were severely injured but survived their ordeal.[14] A small portion of the wreckage not removed from the crash site remains visible to this day.[15]
In the summer of 1980 a Cessna 150F was flown from London, England to Darwin, Australia in 32 stages by Janette Schönburg, a 27-year-old female pilot. Schönburg made the flight to commemorate the 50th anniversary of pioneering female aviator Amy Johnson's 1930 flight between the two cities. This aircraft, UK registration G-AWAW, was used for several years as a static display at the London Science Museum. In May 2010 it was donated to the Cessna 150-152 Club, and shipped to Florida where it is being restored by club members.[16]
On September 12, 1994, Frank Eugene Corder intentionally crashed a Cessna 150L onto the South Lawn of the White House against the south wall of the Executive Mansion, in an apparent suicide. Corder was killed, but no one else was injured and damage to property on the ground was minimal.
In 1996 a Cessna 150 was flown from the United States to South Africa in several stages, crossing the Atlantic along the way. An extra 60 gallon fuel tank was installed (beyond the standard 22.5 gallons) and the plane took off 500 lb (230 kg) over gross weight.[17]

text: Operators[edit]

text: Civil[edit]

text: The aircraft is popular with flying schools as well as private individuals. The Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Golden Eagles Flight Team based at Prescott, Arizona operate two 1965 Cessna 150Es. The team has won eleven National Intercollegiate Flying Association National Championships since 1993.[18] Similarly, the University of North Dakota has also used Cessna 150s on the road to two of their 16 NIFA National Championships.[19]

text: Military[edit]

text: Burundi Air Force 3 x FRA150L[20]

text: Air Force of the Democratic Republic of the Congo 15 x FRA150M[21]

text: Ecuadorian Air Force 24 x A150[22]

text: Haitian Air Force

text: Ivory Coast Air Force three x F150L[23]

text: Liberian Army one x 150K[24]

text: Mexican Naval Aviation two x 150J[25]

text: Paraguayan Naval Aviation two x 150M[26]

text: Somali Air Force two x FRA150L[27]

text: Sri Lanka Air Force ten x 150[28]

text: United States Air Force - The United States Air Force Academy Flying Team uses three Cessna 150s designated T-51A (one Model 150L, two Model 150M) for training and competition.[29] For better performance at altitude, these aircraft have been equipped with 150 horsepower (110 kW) Lycoming O-320-E2D engines and propeller combinations. These aircraft are operated by the 557th Flying Training Squadron.

text: Accidents[edit]

text:
27 March 1968. Ozark Airlines Flight 965, a Douglas DC-9-15, collided with a Cessna 150F N8669G while landing at Lambert-St. Louis International Airport. The Cessna crashed, killing both people, but the DC-9 landed safely.[30]
9 January 1971. American Airlines Flight 30, a Boeing 707-323C, collided with Cessna 150 N60942 while landing at Newark International Airport. The Cessna crashed, killing both people, but the Boeing landed safely.[31]
4 August 1971. Continental Air Lines Flight 712, a Boeing 707-324C, collided with Cessna 150J N61011 while landing at Los Angeles International Airport. The Cessna crashed, injuring both people, but the Boeing landed safely.[32]
9 January 1975. Golden West Airlines Flight 261, a de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter, collided with Cessna 150 N11421 at Whittier, California while on approach to Los Angeles International Airport, killing all 14 people on both planes.[33]
7 July 2015. Cessna 150M N3601V was involved in a mid-air collision with a General Dynamics F-16CJ Fighting Falcon over Moncks Corner, South Carolina, United States. Both occupants of the Cessna were killed; the pilot of the F-16 ejected safely.[34][35][36][37]

text: Specifications (1976 Commuter II)[edit]

text: Data from Jane's All The World's Aircraft[38]

text: General characteristics

text:
Crew: 2 (+ two children not exceeding 120 lb (54 kg))
Length: 23 ft 11 in (7.29 m)
Wingspan: 33 ft 2 in (10.11 m)
Height: 8 ft 6 in (2.59 m)
Wing area: 160 sq ft (15 m2)
Empty weight: 1,122 lb (509 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 1,600 lb (726 kg)
Powerplant: 1 × Continental O-200-A air-cooled horizontally-opposed engine, 100 hp (75 kW)

text: Performance

text:
Maximum speed: 109 kn (125 mph; 202 km/h) at sea level
Cruise speed: 82 kn (94 mph; 152 km/h) at 10,000 ft (3,000 m) (econ cruise)
Stall speed: 42 kn (48 mph; 78 km/h) (flaps down, power off)
Never exceed speed: 140 kn (161 mph; 259 km/h)
Range: 420 nmi (483 mi; 778 km) (econ cruise, standard fuel)
Service ceiling: 14,000 ft (4,300 m)
Rate of climb: 670 ft/min (3.4 m/s)
Take-off run to 50 ft (15 m): 1,385 ft (422 m)
Landing run from 50 ft (15 m): 1,075 ft (328 m)


document_title: Higher education in India

question_text: most of the university in india are funded by

text: Higher education in India

text: Universities[edit]

text: Universities in India have evolved in divergent streams with each stream monitored by an apex body, indirectly controlled by the Ministry of Human Resource Development and funded jointly by the state governments. There are Most universities are administered by the States, however, there are 18 important universities called Central Universities, which are maintained by the Union Government. The increased funding of the central universities give them an advantage over their state competitors.

text: The University Grants Commission estimated that in 2013-14, an estimated 22849 PhDs and 20425 MPhil degrees were awarded. Over half of these were in the fields of Science, Engineering/Technology, Medicine and Agriculture. As of 2014-15, over 178,000 students were enrolled in research programs.[25]

text: Apart from the several hundred state universities, there is a network of research institutions that provide opportunities for advanced learning and research leading up to a PhD in branches of science, technology and agriculture. Several have won international recognition.

text: 25 of these institutions come under the umbrella of the CSIR - Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and over 60 fall under the ICAR - Indian Council of Agricultural Research. In addition, the DAE - Department of Atomic Energy, and other ministries support various research laboratories.

text: The National Institute of Technology (NITs), Indian Institutes of Information Technology (IIITs), Indian Institutes of Technology are among the most prestigious institutions within the technology sciences. Indian Institute of Science and Indian Institute of Science Education and Research[17](IISERs) are the premier research institutes in the field of science education and research. There are several thousand colleges (affiliated to different universities) that provide undergraduate science, agriculture, commerce and humanities courses in India. Amongst these, the best also offer post graduate courses while some also offer facilities for research and PhD studies.

text: Technical education has grown rapidly in recent years. Of 27.3 million students enrolled in undergraduate studies, about 4.5 million are in engineering fields.[6] With recent capacity additions, it now appears that the nation has the capability to graduate over 500,000 engineers (with 4-yr undergraduate degrees) annually, and there is also a corresponding increase in the graduation of computer scientists (roughly 50,000 with post-graduate degree). In addition, the nation graduates over 1.2 million scientists. Furthermore, each year, the nation is enrolling at least 350,000 in its engineering diploma programs (with plans to increase this by about 50,000). Thus, India's annual enrollment of scientists, engineers and technicians now exceeds 2 million.

text: Across the country, tertiary enrollment rates have increased at a compound annual growth rate of 3.5% in the 5 years preceding 2016. Current enrollment stands at 34.58 million, over 15% more than the 29.2 million enrolled in 2011.[6]

text: International league tables produced in 2006 by the London-based Times Higher Education Supplement(THES) confirmed Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU)'s place among the world's top 200 universities.[26] Likewise, THES 2006 ranked JNU's School of Social Sciences[27] at the 57th position among the world's top 100 institutes for social sciences. In 2017, THES ranked the Indian Institute of Science as the eighth best "small university" in the world. A small university was defined as one with less than 5000 students. In 2015, the institute also became the first Indian institute to make it to the top hundred in the THES list of engineering institutes. It was ranked 99.[28]

text: The Anna University, which is of the affiliated type, is a member of the Association of Indian Universities, the Association of Commonwealth Universities and Partner of UNESCO International Center for Engineering Education (UICEE). UGC have accredited Anna University with Five Star Status in 2002 which is the highest rating. With proven capabilities both in academic and research areas, Anna University was able to receive this honour for a period of five years for excellence in technical education.

text: The University of Calcutta was the first multi-disciplinary university of modern India. According to The Times Higher Education Supplement's survey of the world's top arts and humanities universities, dated November 10, 2005, this university, ranked 39, was the only Indian university to make it to the top 50 list in that year. Other research institutes are the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, the Asiatic Society, and the Indian Statistical Institute.

text: The National Law School of India University is highly regarded, with some of its students being awarded Rhodes Scholarships to Oxford University, and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences is consistently rated the top medical school in the country.[29] Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are the top management institutes in India.[30]

text: The private sector is strong in Indian higher education. This has been partly as a result of the decision by the Government to divert spending to the goal of universalisation of elementary education. Within a decade different state assemblies have passed bills for private universities, including Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Institute of Finance and International Management, Amity University, Xavier Labour Relations Institute, O. P. Jindal Global University and many more.

text: India is also the leading source of international students around the world. More than 200,000 Indian students are studying abroad. They are likely to be enrolled in master's programs with engineering focus which provide them opportunities to enhance career potential.[31]

text: Accreditation[edit]

text: Indian law requires that universities be accredited unless created through an act of Parliament. Without accreditation, the government notes, "These fake institutions have no legal entity to call themselves as University/Vishwvidyalaya and to award ‘degree’ which are not treated as valid for academic/employment purposes."[32] The University Grants Commission Act 1956 explains,

text: "the right of conferring or granting degrees shall be exercised only by a University established or incorporated by or under a Central Act carlo bon tempo, or a State Act, or an Institution deemed to be University or an institution specially empowered by an Act of the Parliament to confer or grant degrees. Thus, any institution which has not been created by an enactment of Parliament or a State Legislature or has not been granted the status of a Deemed to be University, is not entitled to award a degree."[32]

text: Accreditation for higher learning is overseen by autonomous institutions established by the University Grants Commission:[33]

text:
All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE)
Distance Education Council (DEC)
Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)
Bar Council of India (BCI)
National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC)
National Council for Teacher Education (NCTE)
Rehabilitation Council of India (RCI)
Medical Council of India (MCI)
Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
Indian Nursing Council (INC)
Dental Council of India (DCI)
Central Council of Homeopathy (CCH)
Central Council of Indian Medicine (CCIM)
Veterinary Council of India (VCI)

text: The issue of assessing and assuring quality of Indian higher education is a challenge. Instead of aiming for 'world-class' universities[34] through rankings, policy framework must improve the processes that enable accountability through data collection and reporting on parameters of institutional quality.[35] The government should leverage this tool to improve quality of the overall system.

text: A study was done on autonomous colleges by the Centre for Public Policy Research (CPPR) in Kerala recommended that grading should be done for such institutions to improve their overall performance.[36]

text: Graduation market[edit]

text: This is a chart of[37] India as per Census 2001.

text:
Degree
Holders

Total
37,670,147

Post-graduate degree other than technical degree
6,949,707

Graduate degree other than technical degree
25,666,044

Engineering and technology
2,588,405

Teaching
1,547,671

Medicine
768,964****

Agriculture and dairying
100,126

Veterinary
99,999

Other
22,588

text: Rashtriya Uchattar Shiksha Abhiyan[edit]

text: A total of 316 state public universities and 13,024 colleges will be covered under the Rashtriya Uchattar Shiksha Abhiyan, a plan to manage funding for higher education.[38] This is a scheme to develop state university by central govt funding (65%).

text: Rankings[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (August 2012)

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (July 2017)

text: The University of Mumbai was ranked 41 among the Top 50 Engineering Schools of the world by America's news broadcasting firm Business Insider in 2012 and was the only university in the list from the five emerging BRICS nations viz Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa.[39] It was ranked at 62 in the QS BRICS University rankings for 2013[19] and was India's 3rd best Multi Disciplinary University in the QS University ranking of Indian Universities after University of Calcutta and Delhi University.[20] Three Indian universities were listed in the Times Higher Education list of the world’s top 200 universities — Indian Institutes of Technology, Indian Institutes of Management, and Jawaharlal Nehru University in 2005 and 2006.[40] Six Indian Institutes of Technology and the Birla Institute of Technology and Science - Pilani were listed among the top 20 science and technology schools in Asia by Asiaweek.[41] The Indian School of Business situated in Hyderabad was ranked number 12 in global MBA rankings by the Financial Times of London in 2010[42] while the All India Institute of Medical Sciences has been recognised as a global leader in medical research and treatment.[43] The Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) World University Rankings published in 2013 ranked IIT Delhi at number 222 with a 49.4% score, IIT Bombay at 233, and IIT Kanpur at 295. No Indian universities appear in the top 200 worldwide except IISC Bangalore which is ranked at 147.[44]

text: There is no domestic ranking system for India. However, the National Assessment and Accreditation Council (NAAC) has developed, after wide consultations, 50 indicators, assimilated into seven criteria, as Quality Benchmarks for accreditation of Universities. The Information and Library Network (INFLIBNET), an Inter University Centre (IUC) under the UGC, has reported that there are 150 areas in which research has been undertaken in 37 Central Universities.

text: Problems[edit]

text: Driven by market opportunities and entrepreneurial zeal, many institutions are taking advantage of the lax regulatory environment to offer 'degrees' not approved by Indian authorities, and many institutions are functioning as pseudo non-profit organisations, developing sophisticated financial methods to siphon off the 'profits'.[45][46] Regulatory authorities like UGC and AICTE have been trying to extirpate private universities that run courses with no affiliation or recognition. Students from rural and semi urban background often fall prey to these institutes and colleges.[47] One of the fundamental weaknesses of the system is lack of transparency and recommendations have been made to mandate high standards of data disclosures by institutions on performance.[48] Other problem was on the excessive obsession of having Indian universities among top global college and university rankings, at times originating from government's inconsistent priorities, indicating a showcasing mentality of Indian higher education in the world stage while pathetic ignorance towards primary and secondary educations continued.[49] The argument has been that the whole model of ignoring primary and secondary education, while focusing on ranking of a few universities and institutes, is not a sustainable model for the nation.[50]

text: Student advisory[edit]

text: While fee regulatory agencies fix a fee that cover expenses incurred by an institution along with a basic surplus,[51][52][53] many institutions have been charging a fee[54] that makes the venture profiteering. All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE), the regulatory body for technical education in India, has called "upon the students, parents and the general public not to pay any capitation fee or any other fee other than that mentioned in the Prospectus of the Institutions for consideration of admission."[55] AICTE also mentions that the fee charged to students, including for programs such as PGDM, has to be approved by the fee regulatory committee of the state, and the institute should mention the fee on its website.[56] As per AICTE norms, the business schools are not meant to charge a fee higher than what is mentioned in the prospectus. Educational regulatory agencies, at the national level[57] and the regional level,[58] have mandated that an institution should include the fee in the prospectus.


document_title: Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha

question_text: who elected the deputy chairman of rajya sabha

text: Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha

text:
Republic of India

This article is part of a series on the
politics and government of
India

Union Government[show]

Constitution of India
Fundamental rights

Executive:

President
Vice President
Prime Minister
Union Council of Ministers
Cabinet Secretary of India
Civil Services of India

Parliament:

Rajya Sabha
Lok Sabha
The Chairman
The Speaker

Judiciary:

Supreme Court of India
Chief Justice of India
High Courts
District Courts

Elections[show]
Election Commission:

Chief Election Commissioner

Political parties[show]

National parties
State parties

National coalitions:

National Democratic Alliance (NDA)
United Progressive Alliance (UPA)

State Govt. and Local Govt.[show]

Governor
Chief Minister
Chief Secretary

State Level:

Vidhan Sabha
Vidhan Parishad

Local governments:

Divisional commissioner
District magistrate
Sub-divisional magistrate

Rural bodies

Zilla panchayats
Mandal Or Taluka Panchayats
Gram Panchayats

Urban bodies

Municipal Corporations
Municipal councils
Nagar Panchayats

Other countries
Atlas

v
t
e

text: The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha presides over the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The Deputy Chairman is elected internally by the Rajya Sabha.[1]

text: List of Deputy Chairmen of the Rajya Sabha[edit]

text:
Deputy Chairman[2]
Term
Party

S. V. Krishnamoorthy Rao
31 May 1952 – 2 April 1956
Indian National Congress

S. V. Krishnamoorthy Rao
25 April 1956 — 1 March 1962
Indian National Congress

Violet Alva
19 April 1962 – 2 April 1966
Indian National Congress

Violet Alva
7 April 1966 – 16 November 1969
Indian National Congress

B. D. Khobragade
17 December 1969 – 2 April 1972
Republican Party of India

Godey Murahari
4 April 1972 – 2 April 1974
Samyukta Socialist Party

Godey Murahari
26 April 1974 – 20 March 1977
Samyukta Socialist Party

Ram Niwas Mirdha
30 March 1977 – 4 April 1980
Indian National Congress

Shyamlal Yadav
30 July 1980 – 4 April 1982
Indian National Congress

Shyamlal Yadav
28 April 1982 – 29 December 1984
Indian National Congress

Najma Heptullah
25 January 1985 – 20 January 1986
Indian National Congress

M. M. Jacob
2 February 1986 – 22 October 1986
Indian National Congress

Pratibha Patil
18 November 1986 – 5 November 1988
Indian National Congress

Najma Heptullah
11 November 1988 – 4 July 1992
Indian National Congress

Najma Heptullah
10 July 1992 – 4 July 1998
Indian National Congress

Najma Heptullah
9 July 1998 – 10 June 2004
Indian National Congress

K. Rahman Khan
22 July 2004 – 2 April 2006
Indian National Congress

K. Rahman Khan
12 May 2006 – 2 April 2012
Indian National Congress

P. J. Kurien
21 August 2012 – Present
Indian National Congress