document_title: Mercedes-Benz

question_text: what does c-class mean for a mercedes benz

question_tokens: what does c-class mean for a mercedes benz

text: Mercedes-Benz

text: History[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz traces its origins to Karl Benz's creation of the first petrol-powered car, the Benz Patent Motorwagen, financed by Bertha Benz[2] and patented in January 1886,[3] and Gottlieb Daimler and engineer Wilhelm Maybach's conversion of a stagecoach by the addition of a petrol engine later that year. The Mercedes automobile was first marketed in 1901 by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (Daimler Motors Corporation).

text: Emil Jellinek, an Austrian automobile entrepreneur who worked with DMG, created the trademark in 1902, naming the 1901 Mercedes 35 hp after his daughter Mercedes Jellinek. Jellinek was a businessman and marketing strategist who promoted "horseless" Daimler automobiles among the highest circles of society in his adopted home, which, at that time, was a meeting place for the "Haute Volée" of France and Europe, especially in winter. His customers included the Rothschild family and other well-known personalities. But Jellinek's plans went further: as early as 1901, he was selling Mercedes cars in the New World as well, including  US billionaires Rockefeller, Astor, Morgan and Taylor. At a race in Nice in 1899, Jellinek drove under the pseudonym "Monsieur Mercédès", a way of concealing the competitor's real name as was normal in those days. The race ranks as the hour of birth of the Mercedes-Benz brand. In 1901, the name "Mercedes" was registered by Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) worldwide as a protected trademark.[4] The first Mercedes-Benz brand name vehicles were produced in 1926, following the merger of Karl Benz's and Gottlieb Daimler's companies into the Daimler-Benz company on 28 June of the same year.[3][5]

text: Gottlieb Daimler was born on 17 March 1834 in Schorndorf. After training as a gunsmith and working in France, he attended the Polytechnic School in Stuttgart from 1857 to 1859. After completing various technical activities in France and England, he started working as a draftsman in Geislingen in 1862. At the end of 1863, he was appointed workshop inspector in a machine tool factory in Reutlingen, where he met Wilhelm Maybach in 1865. [6]

text: Throughout the 1930s, Mercedes-Benz produced the 770 model, a car that was popular during Germany's Nazi period. Adolf Hitler was known to have driven these cars during his time in power, with bulletproof windshields.[7] Most of the surviving models have been sold at auctions to private buyers. One of them is currently on display at the War Museum in Ottawa, Ontario. The pontiff's Popemobile has often been sourced from Mercedes-Benz.[8] In 1944, 46,000 forced laborers were used in Daimler-Benz's factories to bolster Nazi war efforts. The company later paid $12 million in reparations to the laborers' families.[9] Mercedes-Benz has introduced many technological and safety innovations that later became common in other vehicles.[10] Mercedes-Benz is one of the best-known and established automotive brands in the world.

text: For information relating to the famous three-pointed star, see under the title Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft, including the merger into Daimler-Benz.

text: Subsidiaries and alliances[edit]

text: As part of the Daimler AG company, the Mercedes-Benz Cars division includes Mercedes-Benz and Smart car production.[11]

text: Mercedes-AMG[edit]

text: Mercedes-AMG became a majority owned division of Mercedes-Benz in 1999.[12]  The company was integrated into DaimlerChrysler in 1999,[13] and became Mercedes-Benz AMG beginning on 1 January 1999.[14]

text: Mercedes-Maybach[edit]

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text: Daimler's ultra-luxury brand Maybach was under Mercedes-Benz cars division until 2013, when the production stopped due to poor sales volumes.  It now exists under the Mercedes-Maybach name, with the models being ultra-luxury versions of Mercedes cars, such as the 2016 Mercedes-Maybach S600.

text: China[edit]

text: Daimler cooperates with BYD Auto to make and sell a battery-electric car called Denza in China.[15] In 2016, Daimler announced plans to sell Mercedes-Benz branded all-electric battery cars in China.[16]

text: Production[edit]

text: Factories[edit]

text: Beside its native Germany, Mercedes-Benz vehicles are also manufactured or assembled in:

text:
Sovereign state
Continent
Note

Algeria
Africa
Manufactures buses and trucks in cooperation with SNVI (Actros, Zetros, Unimog, and G-Class, Sprinter).

Argentina
South America
Manufactures buses, trucks, the Vito and the Sprinter van. This is the first Mercedes-Benz factory outside of Germany. Built in 1951.[17]

Australia
Australia
Various models were assembled at the Australian Motor Industries facility in Port Melbourne from 1959 to 1965.[18]

Austria
Europe
G-Class[19]

Bosnia and Herzegovina
Europe

Brazil
South America
Manufactures trucks and buses. Established in 1956. The A-Class (W168) was produced from 1999 to 2005 and the C-Class was produced until 2010 as well.[20]

Canada
North America
Fuel cell plant in Burnaby, British Columbia opened 2012.

Colombia
South America
Assembly of buses, Established in Soacha 2012 and Funza 2015

China
Asia

Egypt
Africa
Via Egyptian German Automotive Company E-Class, C-Class and GLK

Finland
Europe
Valmet Automotive, New A-series (W176) is manufactured in Uusikaupunki since late 2013, being the first M-B passenger car ever built in that country.

Hungary[21]
Europe
Manufacturing plant in Kecskemét, making B-class and CLA.

Jordan
Asia
Bus company factory, Elba House, Amman.

India
Asia
Bangalore (MBRDI), Pune (Passenger cars).[22] Chennai (Daimler India Commercial Vehicles Pvt. Ltd.) Buses, Trucks & Engine Manufacturing unit.

Indonesia[23]
Asia / Australia
Manufactures E250 Avantgarde and E300AMG E-class vehicles.

Iran [24]
Asia

Malaysia
Asia
Assembly of C, E and S class vehicles by DRB-HICOM.

Mexico
North America
Mercedes-Benz Mexico fully manufactures some Mercedes and Daimler vehicles completely from locally built parts (C-Class, E-Class, M-Class, International trucks, Axor, Atego, and Mercedes Buses), manufactures other models in complete knock down kits (CL-Class, CLK-Class, SL-Class, SLK-Class) and manufactures a select number of models in semi knockdown kits which use both imported components and locally sourced Mexican components (S-Class, CLS-Class, R-Class, GL-Class, Sprinter).

Nigeria
Africa
Assembly of buses, trucks, utility motors and the Sprinter van[25]

Russia
Eurasia
Joint venture Mercedes-Benz Car Trucks Vostok in Naberezhnye Chelny (jointly Kamaz). Available in trucks Actros, Axor, multi-purpose auto four wheel drive medium trucks Unimog. Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Classic is also produced in Russia.

Serbia
Europe
FAP produces Mercedes-Benz trucks under license.

Spain
Europe
Factory at Vitoria-Gasteiz Mercedes-Benz Vito, Viano and V-Class have been built there.

South Africa[26]
Africa
The assembly plant is located in East London, in the Eastern Cape province, where both right and left hand versions of the C-class are built.

South Korea
Asia
Mercedes-Benz Musso and MB100; Ssangyong Rexton models manufactured by SsangYong Motor Company.

Taiwan

Asia

Assembly of Actros by the Shung Ye Group[27]

Thailand
Asia
Completely Knocked Down (CKD) production of C, E, S Classes and Semi-Knocked Down (SKD) production of CLA, GLA, C-coupe, C43 AMG, GLC, GLC-coupe, GLC-coupe 43 AMG, GLE and CLS[28]. It has been unofficial regarded as the largest Mercedes-Benz factory by number of class produced under one roof. The factory is operated by contract manufacture the Thonburi Group[29]

Turkey
Eurasia
Mercedes-Benz Türk A.Ş.[30]

United Kingdom
Europe
The SLR sports car was built at the McLaren Technology Centre in Woking. Brackley, Northamptonshire, is home to the Mercedes Grand Prix factory, and Brixworth, Northamptonshire is the location of Mercedes-Benz HighPerformanceEngines

United States
North America
The Mercedes-Benz GLE-Class Sport Utility, the full-sized GL-Class Luxury Sport Utility and the Mercedes-Benz C-Class vehicles are all built at the Mercedes-Benz U.S. International production facility near Tuscaloosa, Alabama.[31] Trucks (6,000 per year in the early eighties) were once assembled in Hampton, VA.[32]

Vietnam
Asia
Assembly of E-Class, C-Class, S-Class, GLK-Class and Sprinter. Established in 1995.[33]

text: Quality rankings[edit]

text: Since its inception, Mercedes-Benz had maintained a reputation for its quality and durability. Objective measures looking at passenger vehicles, such as J. D. Power surveys, demonstrated a downturn in reputation in these criteria in the late 1990s and early 2000s. By mid-2005, Mercedes temporarily returned to the industry average for initial quality, a measure of problems after the first 90 days of ownership, according to J. D. Power.[34]  In J. D. Power's Initial Quality Study for the first quarter of 2007, Mercedes showed dramatic improvement by climbing from 25th to 5th place and earning several awards for its models.[35] For 2008, Mercedes-Benz's initial quality rating improved by yet another mark, to fourth place.[36]  On top of this accolade, it also received the Platinum Plant Quality Award for its Mercedes’ Sindelfingen, Germany assembly plant.[36]  J. D. Power's 2011 US Initial Quality and Vehicle Dependability Studies both ranked Mercedes-Benz vehicles above average in build quality and reliability.[37][38] In the 2011 UK J. D. Power Survey, Mercedes cars were rated above average.[39] A 2014 iSeeCars.com study for Reuters found Mercedes to have the lowest vehicle recall rate.[40]

text: Models[edit]

text: Current model range[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz offers a full range of passenger, light commercial and heavy commercial equipment. Vehicles are manufactured in multiple countries worldwide. The Smart marque of city cars are also produced by Daimler AG.

text:
A-Class – Subcompact luxury Hatchback / Sedan/Saloon
B-Class – Subcompact luxury Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV)
C-Class – Compact executive Sedan/Saloon, Estate, Coupé and Cabriolet
CLA-Class – Subcompact luxury 4 Door Coupé and Estate
CLS-Class – Mid-size luxury 4 Door Coupé and Estate
E-Class – Executive Sedan/Saloon, Estate, Coupé and Cabriolet
G-Class – Mid-size luxury Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
GLA-Class – Subcompact luxury Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
GLC-Class – Compact luxury Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
GLE-Class – Mid-size luxury Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
GLS-Class – Full-size luxury Sports Utility Vehicle (SUV)
S-Class – Full-size luxury Sedan/Saloon, Coupé & Cabriolet
SL-Class – Grand Tourer
SLC-Class – Roadster
V-Class – Multi Purpose Vehicle (MPV)/ Van
AMG GT – Sports car
X-Class - Luxury Pickup Truck

text: Vans[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz produces a range of vans; Citan (a rebadged version of the Renault Kangoo), Vito and Sprinter.

text: Trucks[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz Trucks is now part of the Daimler Trucks division, and includes companies that were part of the DaimlerChrysler merger. Gottlieb Daimler sold the world's first truck in 1886.[41] The first factory to be built outside Germany after WWII was in Argentina. It originally built trucks, many of which were modified independently to buses, popularly named Colectivo. Today, it builds buses, trucks, the Vito and the Sprinter van.[citation needed]

text: Buses[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz produces a wide range of buses and coaches, mainly for Europe and Asia. The first model was produced by Karl Benz in 1895.

text: Significant models produced[edit]

text:
1928: SSK racing car
1930: 770 "Großer Mercedes" state and ceremonial car
1934: 500 K
1936: 260 D World's first diesel production car
1936: 170
1938: W195 Speed Record-breaker
1939: 320A A military vehicle
1951: 300, known as the "Adenauer Mercedes"
1953: "Ponton" models
1954: 300SL "Gullwing"
1956: 190SL
1959: "Fintail" models
1960: 220SE Cabriolet
1963: 600 "Grand Mercedes"
1963: 230SL "Pagoda"
1965: S-Class
1966: 300SEL 6.3
1968: W114 "new generation" compact cars
1969: C111 experimental vehicle
1972: W107 350SL
1974: 450SEL 6.9
1977: W123- Mercedes' first station wagon
1978: 300SD - Mercedes' first turbo diesel
1979: 500SEL and G-Class
1983: 190E 2.3–16
1989: 300SL, 500SL
1990: 500E
1991: 600SEL
1993: C-Class
1995: C43 AMG
1995: SL73 AMG, 7.3 V12
1996: SLK
1997: A-Class and M-Class
2004: SLR McLaren and CLS-Class
2007: BlueTec E320, GL320 Bluetec, ML320 Bluetec, R320 Bluetec
2010: SLS AMG
2013: CLA-Class
2016: AMG GT

text: The Mercedes-Benz 600 or 600S Pullman Guard limousines offer the option of armour-plating and have been used by diplomats worldwide.[42]

text: Car nomenclature[edit]

text: Until 1994, Mercedes-Benz utilized an alphanumeric system for categorizing their vehicles, consisting of a number sequence approximately equal to the engine's displacement in liters multiplied by 100, followed by an arrangement of alphabetical suffixes, indicating body style and engine type.

text:
"C" indicates a coupe or cabriolet body style (for example, the CL and CLK models, though the C-Class is an exception, since it is also available as a sedan or station wagon).
"D" indicates the vehicle is equipped with a diesel engine.
"E" (for "Einspritzung") indicates the vehicle's engine is equipped with a petrol fuel injection. Also used for electric models and plug-in hybrids.
"G" was originally used for the Geländewagen off-road vehicle, but is now applied to Mercedes SUVs in general (G, GLA, GLC, GLE and GLS).
"K" was used in the 1930s, indicating a supercharger ("Kompressor") equipped engine. Two exceptions : the SSK and CLK, where K indicates "Kurz" (short-wheelbase) (though the SSK had a supercharger).
"L" indicates "Leicht" (lightweight) for sporting models, and "Lang" (long-wheelbase) for sedan models.
"R" indicates "Rennen" (racing), used for racing cars (for example, the 300SLR).
"S" Sonderklasse "Special class" for flagship models, including the S-Class, and the SL-Class, SLR McLaren and SLS sports cars.
"T" indicates "Touring" and an estate (or station wagon) body style.

text: Some models in the 1950s also had lower-case letters (b, c, and d) to indicate specific trim levels. For other models, the numeric part of the designation does not match the engine displacement. This was done to show the model's position in the model range independent of displacement or in the price matrix. For these vehicles, the actual displacement in liters is suffixed to the model designation. An exception was the 190-class with the numeric designation of "190" as to denote its entry level in the model along with the displacement label on the right side of the boot (190E 2.3 for 2.3-litre 4-cylinder petrol motor, 190D 2.5 for 2.5-litre 5-cylinder diesel motor, and so forth). Some older models (such as the SS and SSK) did not have a number as part of the designation at all.

text: For the 1994 model year, Mercedes-Benz revised the naming system. Models were divided into "classes" denoted by an arrangement of up to three letters (see "Current model range" above), followed by a three-digit (or two-digit for AMG models, with the number approximately equal to the displacement in litres multiplied by 10) number related to the engine displacement as before. Variants of the same model such as an estate version or a vehicle with a diesel engine are no longer given a separate letter. The SLR and SLS supercars do not carry a numerical designation.

text: Today, many numerical designations no longer reflect the engine's actual displacement, but more of the relative performance and marketing position. Despite its engine displacement in two litres, the powerplant in the A45 AMG produces 355 brake horsepower so the designation is higher as to indicate the greater performance. Another example is the E250 CGI having greater performance than the E200 CGI due to the different engine tuning even though both have 1.8-litre engines. From the marketing perspective, E200 seems more "upscale" than E180. Recent AMG models use the "63" designation (in honor of the 1960s 6.3-litre M100 engine) despite being equipped with either a 6.2-litre (M156), a 5.5-litre (M157) or even a 4.0-litre engine.

text: Some models carry further designations indicating special features:

text:
"4MATIC" indicates the vehicle is equipped with all-wheel-drive.
"BlueTEC" indicates a diesel engine with selective catalytic reduction exhaust aftertreatment.
"BlueEFFICIENCY" indicates special fuel economy features (direct injection, start-stop system, aerodynamic modifications, etc.)
"CGI" (Charged Gasoline Injection) indicates direct gasoline injection.
"CDI" (Common-rail Direct Injection) indicates a common-rail diesel engine.
"Hybrid" indicates a petrol- or diesel-electric hybrid.
"NGT" indicates a natural gas-fueled engine.
"Kompressor" indicates a supercharged engine.
"Turbo" indicates a turbocharged engine, only used on A-, B-,E- and GLK-Class models.
"AMG Line" indicates the interior or engine, depending which car, has been fitted with the luxuries of their AMG sports cars

text: Model designation badges can be removed at the request of the customer.

text: 2015 and beyond[edit]

text: Rationalisation of the model nomenclature was announced in November 2014 for future models.[43][44] The changes consolidate many confusing nomenclature and their placements in the model range such as CL-Class is now called the S-Class Coupé. The naming structure is divided into four categories: core, off-road vehicle/SUV, 4-door coupé, and roadster. AMG GT, and V-Class are unaffected by the change. In October 2016, Mercedes unveiled the X-Class; a pickup truck built on the Nissan Navara.[45][46] At the 2016 Paris Motor Show, the company announced the EQ, a family of upcoming battery electric vehicles based on a modular platform, expected to represent up to 25% of its global sales by 2025.[47]

text:
Core

Off-Road Vehicles/SUV

4-Door Coupé

Roadster

A

GLA

CLA

B

C

GLC

SLC

E

GLE

CLS

S

GLS

SL

N/A

G

N/A

N/A

text: Note: The CLA is positioned between the A- and B-Class models, while the CLS sits between the E- and S-Classes.

text: In addition to the revised nomenclature, Mercedes-Benz has new nomenclature for the drive systems.

text:
Current

New

Example

Natural Gas Drive

c for "compressed natural gas"

B 200 c

BlueTec
CDI

d for "diesel"

E 350 d
GLA 200 d

PLUG-IN HYBRID
Electric Drive

e for "electric"

S 500 e
B 250 e

Fuel Cell

f for "fuel cell"

B 200 f

HYBRID
BlueTEC HYBRID

h for "hybrid"

S 400 h
E 300 h

4MATIC

4MATIC

E 400 4MATIC

text: The revised A45 AMG for 2016 model year on has shifted the model designation to the right side while AMG is on the left side.[48] This trend commenced with Mercedes-Maybach with MAYBACH on the left and S500/S600 on the right.[49]

text: Environmental record[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz has developed multi concept cars with alternative propulsion, such as hybrid-electric, fully electric, and fuel-cell powertrains. At the 2007 Frankfurt motor show, Mercedes-Benz showed seven hybrid models, including the F700 concept car, powered by a hybrid-electric drivetrain featuring the DiesOtto engine.[50]In 2009, Mercedes-Benz displayed three BlueZERO concepts at the North American International Auto Show. Each car features a different powertrain - battery-electric, fuel-cell electric, and gasoline-electric hybrid.[51][52] In the same year, Mercedes also showed the Vision S500 PHEV concept with a 19 miles (31 km) all-electric range and CO2 emissions of 74 grams/km in the New European Driving Cycle.[53]

text: Since 2002, Mercedes-Benz has developed the F-Cell fuel cell vehicle. The current version, based on the B-Class, has a 250-mile range and is available for lease, with volume production scheduled to begin in 2014. Mercedes has also announced the SLS AMG E-Cell, a fully electric version of the SLS sports car, with deliveries expected in 2013.[54] The Mercedes-Benz S400 BlueHYBRID[55] was launched in 2009, and is the first production automotive hybrid in the world to use a lithium-ion battery.[56][57][58] In mid-2010, production commenced on the Vito E-Cell all-electric van. Mercedes expects 100 vehicles to be produced by the end of 2010 and a further 2000 by the end of 2011.[59]

text: In 2008, Mercedes-Benz announced that it would have a demonstration fleet of small electric cars in two to three years.[60] Mercedes-Benz and Smart are preparing for the widespread uptake of electric vehicles (EVs) in the UK by beginning the installation of recharging points across their dealer networks. So far 20 Elektrobay recharging units, produced in the UK by Brighton-based Elektromotive, have been installed at seven locations as part of a pilot project, and further expansion of the initiative is planned later in 2010.[61]

text: In the United States, Mercedes-Benz was assessed a record US$30.66 million fine for their decision to not meet the federal corporate average fuel economy standard in 2009.[62]  Certain Mercedes-Benz cars, including the S550 and all AMG models sold in the United States, also face an additional gas guzzler tax.[63] However, newer AMG models fitted with the M157 engine will not be subject to the gas-guzzler tax, due to improved fuel economy,[64] and newer models powered by the M276 and M278 engines will have better fuel economy. In 2008, Mercedes also had the worst CO2 average of all major European manufacturers, ranking 14th out of 14 manufacturers.[65] Mercedes was also the worst manufacturer in 2007 and 2006 in terms of average CO2 levels, with 181 g and 188 g of CO2 emitted per km, respectively.[66]

text: In May 2017, Mercedes partnered with Vivint Solar to develop a solar-energy home storage battery.[67]

text: In February 2018, it was announced that Mercedes cabin air filters earned the Asthma and Allergy Friendly Certification. [68]

text: Bicycles[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz Accessories GmbH introduced three new bicycles in 2005,[69] and the range has developed to include the patent pending Foldingbike in 2007.[70] Other models include the Mercedes-Benz Carbon Bike,[71] Trekking Bike,[72] Fitness Bike[73] and the Trailblazer Bike.[74]

text: Electric cars[edit]

text: Mercedes is to open its sixth battery factory in 2018, which makes it a tough competitor to Tesla, Inc. The six factories will be established across 3 continents.

text: The brand also has planned to launch its electric EQ brand with an SUV being set for production in the year 2019.

text: 2022 will be the year in which Daimler has said that the company will have invested $11 billion to ensure that every Mercedes-Benz has a fully electric or hybrid version available on the market.[75]

text: While releasing details of the project, Markus Schäfer said,

text: "Our electric vehicles will be built in six plants on three continents. We address every market segment: from the smart fortwo seater, to the large SUV. The battery is the key component of e-mobility. As batteries are the heart of our electric vehicles we put a great emphasis on building them in our own factories. With our global battery network we are in an excellent position: As we are close to our vehicle plants we can ensure the optimal supply of production. In case of a short-term high demand in another part of the world our battery factories are also well prepared for export. The electric initiative of Mercedes-Benz Cars is right on track. Our global production network is ready for e-mobility. We are electrifying the future."[76]

text: Motorsport[edit]

text: The two companies which were merged to form the Mercedes-Benz brand in 1926 had both already enjoyed success in the new sport of motor racing throughout their separate histories. A single Benz competed in the world's first motor race, the 1894 Paris–Rouen, where Émile Roger finished 14th in 10 hours 1 minute. Throughout its long history, the company has been involved in a range of motorsport activities, including sports car racing and rallying. On several occasions Mercedes-Benz has withdrawn completely from motorsport for a significant period, notably in the late 1930s, and after the 1955 Le Mans disaster, where a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR rammed another car (An Austin-Healey), took off into the stands, and killed more than 80 spectators. Stirling Moss and co-driver Denis Jenkinson made history by winning the 1955 Mille Miglia road race in Italy during a record-breaking drive with an average speed of almost 98 mph in a Mercedes-Benz 300 SLR.[77]

text: Although there was some activity in the intervening years, it was not until 1987 that Mercedes-Benz returned to front line competition, returning to Le Mans, Deutsche Tourenwagen Meisterschaft (DTM), and Formula One with Sauber. The 1990s saw Mercedes-Benz purchase British engine builder Ilmor (now Mercedes-Benz High Performance Engines), and campaign IndyCars under the USAC/CART rules, eventually winning the 1994 Indianapolis 500 and 1994 CART IndyCar World Series Championship with Al Unser, Jr. at the wheel. The 1990s also saw the return of Mercedes-Benz to GT racing, and the Mercedes-Benz CLK GTR, both of which took the company to new heights by dominating the FIA's GT1 class.

text: Mercedes-Benz is currently active in four motorsport categories, Formula Three, DTM, Formula One and GT3.

text: Formula One[edit]

text: Mercedes-Benz took part in the world championship in 1954 and 1955, but despite being successful with two championship titles for Juan-Manuel Fangio,[78] the company left the sport after just two seasons. Fangio is considered by many to be the best F1 driver in history.[79]

text: Mercedes-Benz returned as an engine supplier in the 1990s and part-owned Team McLaren for some years, to which it has supplied engines engineered by Ilmor[80] since 1995. This partnership brought success, including drivers championships for Mika Häkkinen in 1998 and 1999, and for Lewis Hamilton in 2008, as well as a constructors championship in 1998. The collaboration with McLaren had been extended into the production of road-going cars such as the Mercedes-Benz SLR McLaren.

text: In 2007, McLaren-Mercedes was fined a record US$100 million for stealing confidential Ferrari technical data.[81]

text: In 2009, Ross Brawn's newly conceived Formula One team, Brawn GP used Mercedes engines to help win the constructor's championship, and Jenson Button to become champion in the F1 drivers' championship. At the end of the season, Mercedes-Benz sold its 40% stake in McLaren to the McLaren Group and bought 70% of the Brawn GP team jointly with an Abu Dhabi-based investment consortium. Brawn GP was renamed Mercedes GP for the 2010 season and is, from this season on, a works team for Mercedes-Benz. As of 2017, the company currently provides engines to Williams Martini Racing and Sahara Force India F1 Team.[82]

text: In 2014, Mercedes clinched its first F1 Constructor's title with drivers Lewis Hamilton and Nico Rosberg with 3 races to go, after dominating much of the season. Mercedes repeated its dominance in 2015 in similar fashion, losing only 3 races out of 19 once again. Mercedes yet again dominated in 2016, losing only 2 races out of 21. In 2017, Mercedes secured a 4th title. In these four years of dominance, Lewis Hamilton won the F1 drivers' championship in 2014, 2015, and 2017 while Nico Rosberg won in 2016.[citation needed]

text: Logo history[edit]

text: In June 1909, Daimler-Motoren-Gesellschaft (DMG) registered both a three-pointed and a four-pointed star as trademarks, but only the three-pointed star was used. To DMG, the star symbolized Gottlieb Daimler's aims for universal motorization: on land, water and in the air.[83]

text:
1902–1909

1909–1916

1916–1926

1926–current

1980–current

1990–current

text: Noted employees[edit]

text:
Paul Bracq – major designer of automobiles in the 20th century
Béla Barényi – car safety pioneer (rigid passenger safety shell), joined Daimler-Benz in 1937[84]
Wilhelm Maybach – automotive pioneer, first met Gottlieb Daimler in 1865[85]
Ferdinand Porsche – founder of Porsche, joined Mercedes in 1923 and developed the Kompressor [86]
Bruno Sacco – joined Daimler-Benz as a designer in 1958. Head of Design in 1975, retired in 1999[87]
Rudolf Uhlenhaut – joined Daimler-Benz in 1931, his designs included the Silver Arrows, the 300 SL and 300SLR[88]
Adolf Eichmann – former Nazi criminal. Worked in Argentina's factory after WWII[89]
Rudolf Caracciola – one of the greatest GP drivers in history drove MB Silver Arrows in competition.
Josef Ganz - Technical consultant and "Godfather" of the *Mercedes-Benz W136, with the revolutionary Independent suspension, Swing axle layout.
Juan Manuel Fangio - Five time Formula 1 World Champion, honorary president of Mercedes-Benz Argentina from 1987 until his death in 1995.
Michael Schumacher - Seven time Formula 1 World Champion, drove for Mercedes in the World Endurance Championship in the 80s and then in their Formula One Team from 2010 till 2012.
Lewis Hamilton - Four-time Formula 1 World Champion, current driver for in their Formula One Team since2013 who holds the record for most pole positions in F1 since the 2017 Italian Grand Prix. Despite being a Mercedes driver since 2013, Hamilton has competed his entire career using Mercedes engines since 2007 and has been affiliated with Mercedes since he was 13 years old.
Nico Rosberg - 2016 Formula 1 World Champion, drove for Mercedes in their Formula One Team from 2010 till 2016. Rosberg won all his races and achieved all his pole positions with Mercedes and is currently a brand ambassador for Mercedes.

text: Innovations[edit]

text: Numerous technological innovations have been introduced on Mercedes-Benz automobiles throughout the many years of their production, including:

text:
The internal combustion engine automobile was developed independently by Benz and Daimler & Maybach in 1886
Daimler invented the honeycomb radiator of the type still used on all water-cooled vehicles today
Daimler invented the float carburetor which was used until replaced by fuel injection
The "drop chassis" – the car originally designated the "Mercedes" by Daimler was also the first car with a modern configuration, having the carriage lowered and set between the front and rear wheels, with a front engine and powered rear wheels. All earlier cars were "horseless carriages", which had high centres of gravity and various engine/drive-train configurations
The first passenger road car to have brakes on all four wheels (1924)[90]
In 1936, the Mercedes-Benz 260 D was the first diesel-powered passenger car.
Mercedes-Benz were the first to offer direct fuel injection on the Mercedes-Benz 300SL Gullwing
The "safety cage" or "safety cell" construction with front and rear crumple zones was first developed by Mercedes-Benz in 1951. This is considered by many as the most important innovation in automobile construction from a safety standpoint[10][verification needed]
In 1959, Mercedes-Benz patented a device that prevents drive wheels from spinning by intervening at the engine, transmission, or brakes. In 1987, Mercedes-Benz applied its patent by introducing a traction control system that worked under both braking and acceleration
an Anti-Lock Brake system (ABS) was first offered on the W116 450SEL 6.9. They became standard on the W126 S-Class starting production in 1979 and first sold in most markets in 1980.
Airbags were first introduced in the European market, beginning with model year 1981 S-Class.
Mercedes-Benz was the first to introduce pre-tensioners to seat belts on the 1981 S-Class. In the event of a crash, a pre-tensioner will tighten the belt instantaneously, removing any 'slack' in the belt, which prevents the occupant from jerking forward in a crash
In September 2003, Mercedes-Benz introduced the world's first seven-speed automatic transmission called '7G-Tronic'
Electronic Stability Programme (ESP), brake assist,[91] and many other types of safety equipment were all developed, tested, and implemented into passenger cars – first – by Mercedes-Benz. Mercedes-Benz has not made a large fuss about its innovations, and has even licensed them for use by competitors – in the name of improving automobile and passenger safety. As a result, crumple zones and anti-lock brakes (ABS) are now standard on all modern vehicles.[10][verification needed]

text:
The (W211) E320 CDI which has a variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) 3.0-litre V6 common rail diesel engine (producing 224 hp or 167 kW), set three world endurance records. It covered 100,000 miles (160,000 km) in a record time, with an average speed of 224.823 km/h (139.70 mph). Three identical cars did the endurance run (one set above record) and the other two cars set world records for time taken to cover 100,000 kilometres (62,137 mi) and 50,000 miles (80,000 km) respectively. After all three cars had completed the run, their combined distance was 300,000 miles (480,000 km) (all records were FIA approved).[92][clarification needed]
Mercedes-Benz pioneered a system called Pre-Safe to detect an imminent crash – and prepares the car's safety systems to respond optimally. It also calculates the optimal braking force required to avoid an accident in emergency situations, and makes it immediately available for when the driver depresses the brake pedal. Occupants are also prepared by tightening the seat belt, closing the sunroof and windows, and moving the seats into the optimal position.
At 181 horsepower per litre, the M133 engine installed in Mercedes-Benz A45 AMG is the most powerful series production four-cylinder turbocharged motor (as of June 2013) and has one of the highest power density for a passenger vehicle.[93]

text: Half a century of vehicle safety innovation helped win Mercedes-Benz the Safety Award at the 2007 What Car? Awards.[90]

text: Robot cars[edit]

text: In the 1980s, Mercedes built the world's first robot car, together with the team of Professor Ernst Dickmanns at Bundeswehr University Munich.[94] Encouraged in part by Dickmanns' success, in 1987 the European Union's EUREKA programme initiated the Prometheus Project on autonomous vehicles, funded to the tune of nearly €800 million. In 1995 Dickmanns' re-engineered autonomous S-Class Mercedes took a long trip from Munich in Bavaria to Copenhagen in Denmark, and back. On highways, the robot achieved speeds exceeding 175 km/h (109 mph) (permissible in some areas of the German Autobahn).

text: In October 2015, the company introduced the Vision Tokyo, a five-seat self-driving electric van powered by a hybrid hydrogen fuel-cell system.  The super-sleek van is touted as "a chill-out zone in the midst of megacity traffic mayhem." [95]

text: Tuners[edit]

text:
Several companies have become car tuners (or modifiers) of Mercedes Benz, in order to increase performance and/or luxury to a given model.
AMG is Mercedes-Benz's in-house performance-tuning division, specialising in high-performance versions of most Mercedes-Benz cars. AMG engines are all hand-built,[96] and each completed engine receives a tag with the signature of the engineer who built it. AMG has been wholly owned by Mercedes-Benz since 1999.[97]  The 2009 SLS AMG, a revival of the 300SL Gullwing, is the first car to be entirely developed by AMG.

text: There are numerous independent tuners, including Brabus, Carlsson, Kleemann and Renntech.

text: Sponsorships[edit]

text: In football (soccer), Mercedes-Benz sponsors the Germany national team. Mercedes-Benz sponsors Bundesliga club VfB Stuttgart and provides the naming rights for their stadium, the Mercedes-Benz Arena. The company also holds the naming rights to the Mercedes-Benz Superdome, an American football stadium in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States.[98] On 24 August 2015, Mercedes-Benz was announced as the naming rights sponsor for the Atlanta Falcons' new home, Mercedes-Benz Stadium, (Mercedes-Benz's US headquarters are in Greater Atlanta) which opened in August 2017.[99]


document_title: Delta State

question_text: how many local goverment do we have in delta state

root

text: Delta State

text: Geography[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: The state covers a landmass of about 18,050 km², of which more than 60% is land. The state lies approximately between Longitude 5°00 and 6°.45' East and Latitude 5°00 and 6°.30' North. It is bounded in the north and west by Edo State, the east by Anambra, Imo, and Rivers States, southeast by Bayelsa State, and on the southern flank is the Bight of Benin which covers about 160 kilometres of the state's coastline. Delta State is generally low-lying without remarkable hills. The state has a wide coastal belt inter-lace with rivulets and streams, which form part of the Niger River Delta.

tag: p

text: History[edit]

text: Delta State was carved out of the former Bendel State on 27 August 1991. The state was created following agitations for the creation of a separate distinct state by the peoples of the old Delta Province: the Urhobos, Ijaw Izon, Isoko, Itsekiri and Ukwuani (later joined Anioma).  There was yet another state creation movement designated as "Niger State" comprising the old midwestern Igbo-speaking Asaba divisions and Ukwuani-speaking Aboh division of the old Midwest region. This was transformed into "Anioma" following the creation of Niger State from the old Northwestern State by the Murtala Muhammed administration in 1976. The then Military President, Gen. Ibrahim Babangida, created the state using the name "Delta" advanced by Niger Delta region and "Asaba" a prominent town within the "Anioma" axis as capital. Asaba was designated as capital of the proposed Anioma State. The proposed capital was a virgin land or "Anioma city" in the heart of the two constituent divisions that had evolved to become the Anioma area. Delta state was once integrated in the Mid Western state from 1963 to 1976 and later Bendel state, from 1976 to 1991. The name "Bendel" (Ben-Del) coined from the old Benin and Delta Provinces of Western Region-Delta to reflect the integration of Benin and Delta provinces.

text: Demographics[edit]

text: Delta State is ethnically diverse, with various linguistic stocks.

text: The first region is made up of three linguistic groupings, collectively referred to as Anioma. They are of Igboid stock and composed of three main groups namely Enuani, who inhabit the Aniocha and Oshimili Local Government Areas; Ika; and Ndokwa/Ukwuani. All three inhabit the Delta North senatorial district.

text: The second region consists of the other three main linguistic groups: Edoid, comprising the Isoko and Urhobo; Yoruboid, Itsekiri; and Ijoid, Izon. The Urhobo cultural extraction is the largest in the state with over 2 million native speakers. The Itsekiri speak a language very closely related to Yoruba but have been culturally influenced by the Edo ethnic group from neighbouring Edo state, as well as the Urhobo, Ijaw and  Portuguese. The Izon are a branch of their kith and kin, in neighbouring Bayelsa State.

text: The vast majority of inhabitants are Christian, with very few practicing Traditional Religion.

text: Administration[edit]

text: Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi, a member of the People's Democratic Party, was elected Governor and chief executive of Delta State in April 2015. His deputy is Barr. Kingsley Otuaro. The state has three National Senatorial Districts (South, North and Central).  In 2011 and 2013, the elected senators were James Manager, Arthur Okowa Ifeanyi and Emmanuel Aguariavwodo who replaced Pius Ewherido who died in 2013 at National Hospital, Abuja. In 2015, Chief Ighoyeta Amori was elected Senator of Delta Central but his election was annulled and Senator Ovie Omo-Agege sworn in as Senator of Delta Central, James Manager retained his position and Chief Peter Nwaoboshi was elected Senator of Delta North. The Executive, Legislative and Judicial Chambers are housed in Asaba with a government house annex in Warri.

text: Past & Present Administrations[4][edit]

text:
Ifeanyi Okowa - 29 May, 2015 to date (PDP)
Emmanuel Uduaghan - 29 May 2007 to 29 May 2015 (PDP)
James Ibori - 29 May 1999 to 29 May 2007 (PDP)
Walter Feghabo - 12 August 1998 to 29 May 1999 (Military)
John Dungs - 22 August 1996 to 12 August 1998 (Military)
Ibrahim Kefas - 26 September 1994 to 22 August 1996 (Military)
Bassey Asuquo - 10 December 1993 to 26 September 1994 (Military)
Abdulkadir Shehu - 17 November 1993 - 10 December 1993 (Military)
Luke Chijiuba Ochulor - 28 August 1991 - January 1992 (Military)
Felix Ibru - January 1992 - November 1993 (SDP)

tag: ul

text: Local government areas[edit]

text: Delta State consists of 25 Local Government Areas (shown with 2006 population figures):

text:
Delta Central Senatorial District
1,575,738

Delta North Senatorial District
1,293,074

Delta South Senatorial District
1,229,282

Ethiope East
200,942

Aniocha North
104,062

Bomadi
86,016

Ethiope West
202,712

Aniocha South
142,045

Burutu
207,977

Okpe
128,398

Ika North East
182,819

Isoko North
143,559

Sapele
174,273

Ika South
167,060

Isoko South
235,147

Udu
142,480

Ndokwa East
103,224

Patani
67,391

Ughelli North
320,687

Ndokwa West
150,024

Warri North
136,149

Ughelli South
212,638

Oshimili North
118,540

Warri South
311,970

Uvwie
188,728

Oshimili South
150,032

Warri South West
116,538

Ukwuani
119,034

text: Natural resources[edit]

text: There are various solid mineral deposits within state - industrial clay, silica, lignite, kaolin, tar sand, decorative rocks, limestone, etc. These are raw materials for industries such as brick making, ceramics, bottle manufacturing, glass manufacturing, chemical/insulators production, chalk manufacturing and sanitary wares, decorative stone cutting and quarrying.

text: Delta state also has huge deposits of crude oil and is also one the largest producers of petroleum products in Nigeria

text: Higher education[edit]

text: Delta state has one of the highest numbers of tertiary institutions in any Nigerian state. This is a product of the people's thirst for knowledge and academic work. Some of these institutions are:

text:
Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun
Delta State University (Abraka Campus, Oleh Campus, Asaba Campus)
Delta State Polytechnic, Ogwashi-Uku
Delta State Polytechnic, Otefe-Oghara
Delta State Polytechnic, Ozoro
The Film and Broadcast Academy, Ozoro
College of Education, Agbor
College of Education, Warri
Federal College of Education Technical, Asaba
College of Physical Education, Mosogar
School of Health Technology, Ughelli
Petroleum Training Institute, Effurun[5]
Western Delta University, Oghara
Novena University, Ogume-Amai
National Open University of Nigeria, Asaba Study Center, Asaba
National Open University of Nigeria, Emevor Study Center, Emevor
Delta State School of Marine Technology, Burutu
Nigerian Maritime University, Okerenkoko, Warri
Conarina School of Maritime & Transport Technology, Oria-Abraka
University of Information and Communication Technology, Agbor
State School of Midwifery, Asaba
School of Nursing, Agbor
School of Nursing, Warri
Baptist School of Nursing, Eku
Edwin Clark University, Kiagbodo
Eagle Heights University, Omadino, Warri
Nigerian Naval School, Sapele
Nigerian Navy Maritime University, Ibusa

text: Tourist attractions[edit]

text: Delta State has some historical, cultural and socio-political tourist centers that attract visitors from around the globe. Some of these sites of tourism include:

text:
The Nana's Palace built by Chief Nana Olomu of Ebrohim. He was a powerful 19th century indigenous entrepreneur who traded with the British. The relationship eventually turned sour. Later, he surrendered (not without putting up a fight) and was exiled to Ghana. His personal effects are housed in this grand palace.
The River Ethiope which is reputed to be the deepest inland waterway in Africa (at 176 km). Its source is at the foot of a giant silk-cotton tree at Umuaja in Ukwuani Local Government Area of the state and flows through seven Local Government Areas in the State. It is a place of worship for Olokun traditional religion and also a common site for faithfuls of the Igbe Religious Movement.
The Araya Bible Site which houses a copy of the Holy Bible. It is believed that the bible descended to this spot miraculously from heaven around August, 1914. The bible dropped on rain-soaked yam and it didn't get wet. The site now attracts thousands of Christians yearly.
Demas Nwoko Edifice which was built using traditional materials, designs and construction techniques of the Igbo civilization and the Benin Empire by Demas Nwoko, an architect, builder and artist of international repute from Idumuje-Ugboko, in Aniocha North Local Government Area, Delta State.
The Mungo Park House which is now the site of the National Museum, Asaba. The house was constructed by the Royal Niger Company (RNC) in 1886 and was used as a colonial administrative headquarters, a military house, the colonial administrative divisional headquarters, the RNC Constabulary building,  and the seat of the Urban District Council at different times.
The Niger Bridge which connects Delta State (by extension, western Nigeria) to the Eastern part of Nigeria. It is a beauty to behold. It was completed in 1965 and cost £5 million. It was damaged during the civil war, but later repaired.
Lander Brothers Anchorage, Asaba which was built in memory of early British explorers. The complex has a museum, a graveyard, and many artworks and writings. It houses a replica of one of the boats that was used by the brothers.
Falcorp Mangrove Park
Warri Kingdom Royal Cemetery which is 512 year old burial ground and serves as the resting place of past rulers of Warri kingdom. A tree is planted on each grave.

text: Sports[edit]

text: Delta State is known to have produced several sportsmen and women, notably Stephen Okechukwu Keshi, Sunday Oliseh, Austin Jay-Jay Okocha, Wilson Oruma, Efetobore Sodje Blessing Okagbare and Jonathan Akpoborie, Cindy Ofili.

text: Notable people[edit]

text:
Dennis Osadebe
Gamaliel Onosode
Patrick Utomi
Zulu Sofola
Stephen Keshi
Michael Ashikodi Agbamuche, former Attorney General & Minister for Justice of Nigeria
Bovi, popular Nigerian comedian
John Pepper Clark, first professor of English in Africa, poet and writer
Joy Ogwu, former Permanent Representative of Nigeria to the United Nations.
Emmanuel Ibe Kachikwu, Minister of State, Petroleum Resources, Nigeria.
Dominic Oneya
Jim Ovia
Tony Elumelu, UBA and Heirs Holdings.
Olorogun O'tega Emerhor, Nigerian financial industry leader and politician.
Jeremiah Omoto Fufeyin, founder of Christ Mercyland Deliverance Ministry
RMD, veteran actor
Ali Baba, veteran comedian.
I Go Dye, popular comedian across Africaand United Nations' Millennium Development Goals Ambassador
James Ibori, former governor of Delta State
Michael Ibru, business leader
Tanure Ojaide, professor of English and renowned writer
Blessing Okagbare, athlete, Olympic and World Championships medalist in the long jump, and a world medallist in the 200 metres
Sunny Ofehe, international human & environmental rights activist.
Okocha, former Super Eagles Captain
Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Ben Okri, writer
Omawumi, popular Nigerian entertainer.
Bruce Onobrakpeya, 2006 UNESCO Living Human Treasure Award, trustee of Western Niger Delta University
Ayo Oritsejafor, founder of Word of Life Bible Church
Amaju Pinnick, president of the Nigeria Football Federation
Emmanuel Uduaghan
Abel Ubeku, first black Managing Director of Guinness Nigeria Plc.
Udoka Azubuike, college basketball player at the University of Kansas[6]


document_title: Death Note (2017 film)

question_text: who played light in the death note movie

text: Death Note (2017 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Seattle, Washington, high school student Light Turner encounters the "Death Note", an otherworldly notebook which allows the user to kill anyone by writing their name while picturing their face. Coaxed by the book's original owner, the death god Ryuk, Light murders two people, a school bully and his mother's killer. After demonstrating its power to classmate Mia Sutton, Light begins a relationship with her and they begin eliminating criminals under the alias of "Kira". This draws the attention of "L", an enigmatic international detective, who deduces that Kira is in Seattle. Allying himself with the head of the local investigation—Light's father, detective James Turner—he gives a televised speech with his face concealed, taunting Kira to kill him; when this fails to happen, L concludes that Kira must know a person's name and face to kill.

text: When FBI agents follow Light and other suspects, Mia suggests killing them, which Light refuses, unwilling to kill innocents. The agents thereafter commit mass suicide, and Light blames Ryuk. In response, James vows to apprehend Kira on television, and Mia insists on killing him. When James is not killed, L concludes that Light must be connected to Kira, confronting him and revealing his face. In retaliation, Light uses the Death Note on L's handler, Watari, planning to force him into uncovering L's real name; he departs to the abandoned orphanage in Montauk, New York, where he found and adopted L years before. As Ryuk explains, Light can save Watari by burning the page with his name before he dies. Watari's sudden disappearance makes L suspicious, who orders Light's house to be searched; he finds nothing, as Mia is able to sneak the Death Note out.

text: Knowing that Light is still being followed, Mia helps him to sneak away at the school prom, allowing him to collect the Death Note and contact Watari via phone. However, Light finds Watari's page is missing, and the latter is killed before he can reveal L's name. Mia then explains that she killed the FBI agents, took Watari's page, and has also written Light's name in the book, giving him until midnight before his heart stops. She offers to burn Light's page if he gives the Death Note to her, believing him incapable of making the right decisions for the good of society. Meanwhile, L is devastated by Watari's death and goes on his own manhunt for Light.

text: Light agrees to turn over the book at the Seattle Great Wheel, and then flees from police. L catches up to him and prepares to kill him, but is knocked out by a passerby who overhears that Light is Kira. Light meets Mia and takes her to the top of the Ferris wheel, trying to convince her that they will be happier without the Death Note. Seemingly persuaded at first, Mia tries to steal the Death Note, much to Light's dismay. Initially confused, she realizes that Light has written her name in the book, her death being contingent on her taking the Death Note from him. The Ferris wheel collapses, causing Mia to fall to her death while Light and the Death Note land safely in the water; L watches as the page with Light's name drifts into a burning barrel.

text: Light also manipulates a doctor accused of sexual assault charges to medically induce him into a coma before making the man kill himself. Meanwhile, the Death Note is used by different individuals manipulated by Light to continue the "Kira" killings before being left at his bedside. With Kira continuing to kill while Light is hospitalised, L is taken off the case by his superiors; however, James later deduces that his son is Kira and presents him with evidence supporting his claims, after he wakes from his coma. Meanwhile, L realizes Mia's involvement from a comment Light made during their standoff, racing to her home to search her possessions. He finds the Death Note page with the names of the FBI agents and contemplates writing on it in a hysterical fit. Back in the hospital, Light tries to convince his father that his actions were "the lesser of two evils", prompting Ryuk to laugh.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Nat Wolff as Light Turner / Kira: A bright yet isolated high-school student who discovers the titular "Death Note" and uses it to kill criminals by writing their names and causes of death, in a bid to change the world into a utopia without crime, and thus, alongside Mia Sutton, becoming the world-famous serial killer known as "Kira", while being both praised and feared by law enforcement agencies and the worldwide media and public.
Lakeith Stanfield as L: A nameless, highly-intelligent and well-esteemed—but also arrogant and slightly unhinged—international consulting detective with a past shrouded in mystery and who is determined to capture "Kira" and end his reign of terror.
Margaret Qualley as Mia Sutton / Kira: Light's classmate and love interest, who becomes an ally in his mission to rid the world of criminals, jointly becoming the world-famous serial killer known as "Kira" alongside Light, eventually seeking to kill those who seek to stop them and becoming dangerously obsessed with the book's power. In an interview with io9, Adam Wingard revealed that rather than being based on original manga character Misa Amane, Sutton as a character is based on the sociopathic qualities of Light Yagami.[2]
Shea Whigham as Detective James Turner: Light's father and a veteran Seattle detective, who assists L in finding the mysterious "Kira", unaware that he is his own son.
Paul Nakauchi as Watari: L's assistant and foster-father.
Jason Liles and Willem Dafoe as Ryuk: A demonic god of death and the original owner of the Death Note, who begins communicating with Light when he receives the book and inquistively observes his activities as "Kira". Liles played the character in costume, while Dafoe provided voice work and performance capture for the facial elements.

text: Production[edit]

text: In 2007, the Malaysian newspaper The Star stated that more than ten film companies in the United States had expressed interest in the Death Note franchise.[3] The American production company Vertigo Entertainment was originally set to develop the remake, with Charley and Vlas Parlapanides as screenwriters and Roy Lee, Doug Davison, Dan Lin, and Brian Witten as producers.[4] On April 30, 2009, Variety reported that Warner Bros., the distributors for the original Japanese live-action films, had acquired the rights for an American remake, with the original screenwriters and producers still attached.[5] In 2009, Zac Efron responded to rumors that he would be playing the film's lead role by stating that the project was "not on the front burner".[6]  On January 13, 2011, it was announced that Shane Black had been hired to direct the film, with the script being written by Anthony Bagarozzi and Charles Mondry.[7] Warner's studios planned to change the background story of Light Yagami into one of vengeance instead of justice and to remove Shinigami from the story. Black opposed this change, and it had not been green-lit.[8] Black confirmed in a 2013 interview with Bleeding Cool that he was still working on the film.[9] In July 2014, it was rumored that Gus Van Sant would replace Black as the film's new director, with Dan Lin, Doug Davison, Roy Lee and Brian Witten producing through Vertigo Entertainment, Witten Pictures and Lin Pictures.[10]

text: On April 27, 2015, The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Adam Wingard would direct the film, that Lin, Lee, Jason Hoffs and Masi Oka would produce, and that Niija Kuykendall and Nik Mavinkurve would oversee the studio.[11] Producers  stated the film would receive an R rating.[12] In April 2016, TheWrap reported that because Warner Bros. had decided to make fewer films, the studio put the film into turnaround but allowed Wingard to take the project elsewhere. Within 48 hours, Wingard was reportedly approached by nearly every major film studio.[13]  On April 6, 2016, it was confirmed that Netflix had bought the film from Warner Bros. with a budget of $40–50 million and a recent draft of the script being written by Jeremy Slater. Production officially began in British Columbia on June 30, 2016, overseen by DN (Canada) Productions, Inc.[14][15][16][17][18] Atticus Ross and Leopold Ross composed the score for the film.

text: Casting[edit]

text: On September 29, 2015, Nat Wolff was cast in the lead role.[19] On November 12, 2015, Margaret Qualley joined the film as the female lead.[20]  In June 2016, Lakeith Stanfield joined the cast.[21] On June 30, 2016, it was announced that Paul Nakauchi and Shea Whigham had joined the cast.[22] On August 2, 2016, Willem Dafoe was announced to voice the Shinigami Ryuk.[23] In the wake of Dafoe's casting, Brian Drummond, who voiced Ryuk in the English dub of the anime, voiced his approval citing the casting of Ryuk.[24] Oka, one of the film's producers, announced that he also has a role in the film.[25]

text: Early casting announcements, similar to other Hollywood productions based on Japanese manga such as Dragonball Evolution and Ghost in the Shell, resulted in accusations of whitewashing.[26][27] In response, producers Roy Lee and Dan Lin stated that "Our vision for Death Note has always been to...introduce the world to this dark and mysterious masterpiece. The talent and diversity represented in our cast, writing, and producing teams reflect our belief in staying true to the story's concept of moral relevance—a universal theme that knows no racial boundaries."[18]

text: Wingard addressed the concerns over the film, explaining that the film is an American take on the Death Note story, stating, "It's one of those things where the harder I tried to stay 100 percent true to the source material, the more it just kind of fell apart... You're in a different country, you're in a different kind of environment, and you're trying to also summarize a sprawling series into a two-hour-long film. For me, it became about; what do these themes mean to modern day America, and how does that affect how we tell the story." Wingard also stated that he mainly attempted to make a unique and different take on the original manga, while also trying to keep the core themes and elements of the original manga intact, such as the cat and mouse dynamic between the main protagonists: Light and L, the themes of morality and justice, the difference between good and evil, certain characteristics and elements of the original manga characters (such as Light's father still being a police officer, L's mannerisms and personality traits, along with his background and past originating from a secluded orphanage, Light being depicted as an intellectually-gifted and introverted high school student, Ryuk's personality traits and affinity for apples).[28]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film was released on Netflix on August 25, 2017. On July 20, 2017, the film was screened early for audiences at San Diego Comic-Con International 2017.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On March 22, 2017, Netflix released a teaser of the film on YouTube.[29] An additional trailer was released on June 29, 2017.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Death Note received mixed reviews, with most critics and audiences lambasting the unnecessary changes and omissions from the source material, rushed and constricted plot, incoherent pacing and questionable modifications to the original characters, while praise was aimed at the performances of the cast, especially Dafoe, Nakauchi and Stanfield as Ryuk, Watari and L, Adam Wingard's direction, the production design, soundtrack, the atmospheric and neo-noir influenced visual style, the CGI effects and visual design for the character of Ryuk, and the overall flawed and inconsistent, but original and unique take on the classic Death Note mythos. However, the film received a generally negative to mixed reception from most fans of the original manga/anime, who dismissed the adaptation, as a failed and rushed attempt to simplify the original work for a larger audience, which instead resulted in a dissatisfying and sub-par adaptation, with criticism targeted towards the perceived sheer divergence of the adaptation from the source material.[30][31] On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 41% based on 63 reviews, and an average rating of 4.8/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Death Note benefits from director Adam Wingard's distinctive eye and a talented cast, but they aren't enough to overcome a fatally overcrowded canvas."[32] On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating to reviews, the film has a score of 43 out of 100, based on 14 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[33]

text: Jeanette Catsoulis for The New York Times wrote that the film "feels rushed and constricted" compared to the volume of the source material, but praised how Wingard's direction focused on "mood over mayhem" to make the adaptation his own.[34] Peter Debruge for Variety said that he felt that Wingard took the film adaptation towards a Donnie Darko-styled work that would capture the interest of more Western audiences compared to the original work, but made the work capture the feel of a theatrical film rather than a work confined to its original medium. Debruge also wrote that despite the philosophical concepts of murdering via the Death Note, "the movie never quite reckons with just how twisted a concept it’s peddling, and that’s easily the scariest thing about it".[35] Brian Tallerico for Rogerebert.com gave the film one of four stars, stating that the changes that Wingard had made from the original work did not serve any artistic or thematic purpose, nor captured the cat-and-mouse game between Light and L that was core to the original work, and because the producers "refused to make Light the antihero he needed to be", the addition of Mia as a love interest "[left] the project hollow at its center", but mainly praised the performances of Stanfield and Dafoe.[36]

text: Tsugumi Ohba and Takeshi Obata, the original creators of Death Note, have praised the film, with the former stating, "In a good way, it both followed and diverged from the original work so the film can be enjoyed, of course by not only the fans, but also by a much larger and wider audience".[37]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In an interview with Heat Vision, director Adam Wingard stated that Netflix had wanted to make at least two films, if enough people watch the first one. He said: "There are definitely lots of places to go, and we know generally where we would take it. Hopefully people will watch it and Netflix will order a sequel. They definitely are ready to. They just need people to watch it."[38]

text: On August 22, 2018, it was announced through a THR report that a sequel was in the works, with Greg Russo reportedly writing the script, after the Netflix Chief Content Officer Ted Sarandos called the film a "sizable" success.[39]