document_title: The Princess and the Frog

question_text: voice of tiana's mother in princess and the frog

question_tokens: voice of tiana 's mother in princess and the frog

text: The Princess and the Frog

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1912 New Orleans a seamstress, Eudora, is reading the story of The Frog Prince to her daughter, Tiana, and her friend, Charlotte La Bouff. Charlotte finds the story to be romantic, while Tiana proclaims she will never kiss a frog. Fourteen years later, Tiana has grown into an aspiring young chef who works as a waitress for two local diners, so she can save enough money to start her own restaurant, a dream she shared with her deceased father, James.

text: Prince Naveen of Maldonia arrives in New Orleans to better his financial situation. After being cut off by his parents, Naveen intends to marry a rich southern belle, and Charlotte is the perfect candidate. Eli "Big Daddy" La Bouff, a rich sugar baron and Charlotte's father, is hosting a masquerade ball in Naveen's honor. Charlotte hires Tiana to make beignets for the ball, giving her enough money to buy an old sugar mill to convert into her restaurant.

text: Meanwhile, Naveen and his valet, Lawrence, meet Dr. Facilier, a voodoo witch doctor who plans to rule the city of New Orleans. Inviting them into his emporium, Facilier convinces them that he can make their dreams come true, but neither man gets what they are expecting; Naveen is transformed into a frog, while Lawrence is given a voodoo charm that makes him resemble Naveen. Facilier intends for Lawrence to marry Charlotte, after which he will kill Big Daddy and claim his fortune.

text: At the ball, Tiana discovers she may lose the mill to a higher bidder. Tiana then meets Naveen, who, believing her to be a princess because of her costume, asks her to kiss him and break Facilier's spell. In exchange for the money needed, Tiana accepts, but when she kisses Naveen, she is turned into a frog herself. A chase ensues, and Tiana and Naveen escape to a bayou.

text: At the bayou, Tiana and Naveen meet Louis, a trumpet-playing alligator who longs to be human, and Ray, a Cajun firefly who is in love with the morning star, whom he calls Evangeline. Louis and Ray offer to lead Tiana and Naveen to the hoodoo priestess Mama Odie, whom they believe can undo the curse. During this time, Tiana and Naveen develop feelings for each other. Meanwhile, Facilier makes a deal with the voodoo spirits, offering them the souls of the people of New Orleans; in exchange, the spirits grant Facilier the services of a host of shadow demons, whom he orders to find and capture Naveen.

text: When the four find Mama Odie, she tells them that Naveen must kiss a true princess in order to break the spell. They return to New Orleans to find Charlotte, who is the princess of the Mardi Gras Parade, but only until midnight. Naveen tells Ray he loves Tiana and is willing to give up his dreams for her, but before he can tell her, he is captured by the demons and brought to Facilier.

text: After Ray tells Tiana that Naveen loves her, Tiana goes to the Mardi Gras parade to find a human "Naveen" marrying Charlotte; but Ray rescues the real Naveen and steals the charm that disguises Lawrence. Ray finds Tiana, gives her the charm and attempts to hold off the demons so she can escape, but Facilier stomps on him. Facilier then offers Tiana to make her restaurant dream come true in exchange for the charm. Realizing she would rather be with Naveen, and realizing Facilier's true intentions, Tiana destroys the charm. The angered voodoo spirits claim Facilier himself as payment for his debts to them and drag him into the spirit world.

text: Tiana and Naveen then reveal their love to each other and explain the situation to Charlotte, who agrees to kiss Naveen, as Lawrence is taken away by the police. However, the clock strikes midnight before she can kiss him, but the two decide they are content to live together as frogs. Then they bid farewell to Ray, along with Louie, later to find out Ray finally joined Evangeline. Tiana and Naveen are wed by Mama Odie; and because of Tiana's new status as princess, they are restored to human form after their kiss. Later, the couple returns to New Orleans to legally get married and celebrate, and together the two open their new restaurant, with Louis performing with a band in it. The movie ends with Tiana and Naveen dancing as the two stars, Ray and Evangeline, twinkle in the sky.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Anika Noni Rose as Tiana/"Tia", a 19-year-old waitress and aspiring chef/restaurateur. She is a smart, hard-working, and independent young woman, but one who works so hard that she often forgets important things such as love, fun, and family.[4] Originally, Tiana was supposed to be known as "Maddy". Mark Henn served as the supervising animator for Tiana in both human and frog form, making her one of several Disney lead female characters he has animated.[5] Henn declared that he attempted to make a character that could stand on its own "without repeating what I've done on Belle, Ariel, and Jasmine", with Tiana having a more cynical and grounded personality. Rose's performance influenced much of the animation, with the actress even suggesting to Henn for Tiana to be left-handed like herself.[6]

Elizabeth Dampier voices Tiana as a child.

Bruno Campos as Prince Naveen, the prince of Maldonia. Naveen is a 24-year-old ne'er-do-well and playboy who has been cut off from his family's riches until he learns the value of responsibility. Randy Haycock served as the supervising animator of Naveen in both human and frog form.[7] As a prince from the fictional kingdom of Maldonia (which the directors describe as "located in an East of the Sun and West of the Moon location"), Campos adlibbed a French accent with his Brazilian accent to make up a Maldonian accent.[citation needed]
Michael-Leon Wooley as Louis, a friendly, neurotic, trumpet-playing alligator whose dream is to become human so he can join a jazz band. His name comes from the famous jazz artist and trumpeter, Louis Armstrong. Eric Goldberg, the supervising animator of Louis and other miscellaneous characters,[7] won the Annie Award for Character Animation in a Feature Production for his work on the film.[8]
Jim Cummings as Ray, a Cajun firefly. He and his vast family are close friends with Mama Odie, so he offers to help the frogs get to her. Ray has an unrequited love for the Evening Star, which he believes is another firefly named "Evangeline" (a reference to the 19th-century Longfellow poem).[9] Mike Surrey was the supervising animator for Ray. Ray's name comes from the blind pianist Ray Charles.[7]
Keith David as Doctor Facilier, also known as The Shadow Man, a voodoo bokor (witch doctor). Bruce W. Smith, supervising animator of Doctor Facilier, referred to the character as the "lovechild" of his two favorite Disney Villains: Captain Hook from Peter Pan (1953), and Cruella de Vil from One Hundred and One Dalmatians (1961).[10] Smith was nominated for the Annie Award for Character Animation in a Feature Production for his work.[8]
Jennifer Cody as Charlotte "Lottie" La Bouff, a wealthy Southern débutante and Tiana's best friend since childhood who dreams of marrying a prince. Nik Ranieri served as the supervising animator of Charlotte as an adult and child.[7] Jennifer Cody won the Annie Award for Voice Acting in a Feature Production for her performance.[8]

Breanna Brooks voices Charlotte as a child.

Jenifer Lewis as Mama Odie, a blind, 197-year-old voodoo priestess, who serves as the film's 'Fairy Godmother figure'. Andreas Deja was the supervising animator for both Mama Odie and her pet snake, Juju, and was nominated for the Annie Award for Character Animation in a Feature Production.[8][11]
Peter Bartlett as Lawrence, Prince Naveen's valet, whom Dr. Facilier recruits as a partner in his scheme by transforming him to look like Naveen using a blood charm. Anthony DeRosa was the supervising animator for the Lawrence character, whose design was influenced by the Mr. Smee character from Peter Pan.[9]
John Goodman as Eli "Big Daddy" La Bouff, a very wealthy Southern sugar mill owner and father of Charlotte La Bouff. While he spoils Charlotte with everything she asks for, he is a loving and generous man, and loves Tiana's cooking. Duncan Marjoribanks was the supervising animator for Eli "Big Daddy" La Bouff.[7]
Oprah Winfrey as Eudora, Tiana's mother who wants to see her happy and worries that Tiana focuses too much on her dream of owning a restaurant.[12] Ruben A. Aquino animated both Eudora and her husband, James.[7]
Terrence Howard as James, Tiana's father, who helped instil a strong work ethic in Tiana. He served in World War I as evidenced by a dresser-top portrait photo of him in a World War I uniform. The circumstances of his death were not stated in the film; however, his portrait is accompanied by the Distinguished Service Cross, a US medal awarded to soldiers who demonstrated great heroism or risk of life in battle.
Frank Welker as Stella (vocal effects), Charlotte's pet dog who talks to Tiana during the film, when she is chasing Tiana and Naveen as frogs on the table. She loves Tiana's beignets and begs at Tiana when she wants one.
Dee Bradley Baker as Juju, Mama Odie's green pet snake.
Corey Burton and Jerry Kernion as the Fenner Brothers, two real estate agents who eventually sell Tiana the sugar mill.
Ritchie Montgomery, Don Hall, and Paul Briggs as Reggie, Darnell, and Two-Fingers, three bumbling frog hunters who try to catch Tiana and Naveen as frogs. Their resemblance to the Three Stooges has been noted.
Kevin Michael Richardson and Emeril Lagasse as Ian and Marlon, the two alligators.

text: Production[edit]

text: Early development[edit]

text: Disney had once announced that 2004's Home on the Range would be their last traditionally animated film. After the company's acquisition of Pixar in early 2006, Ed Catmull and John Lasseter, the new president and chief creative officer of Disney Animation Studios, reversed this decision and reinstated hand-drawn animation at the studio.[13] Many animators who had either been laid off or had left the studio when the traditional animation units were dissolved in 2003 were located and re-hired for the project.[14] Lasseter also brought back directors Ron Clements and John Musker, whose earlier works include The Great Mouse Detective (1986), The Little Mermaid (1989), Aladdin (1992), Hercules (1997), and Treasure Planet (2002).[15][16] The duo had left the company in 2005, but Lasseter requested their return to Disney to direct and write the film and had let them choose the style of animation (traditional or CGI) they wanted to use.[9]

text: The story for the film began development by merging two projects in development at Disney and Pixar at the time, both based around the "Frog Prince" fairy tale.[9][14] One of the projects was based on E. D. Baker's The Frog Princess, in which the story's heroine (Princess Emma) kisses a prince turned frog (Prince Eadric), only to become a frog herself.[14] The Princess and the Frog returns to the musical film format used in many of the previously successful Disney animated films, with a style Musker and Clements declared, like with Aladdin and The Little Mermaid, had inspiration from Golden Age Disney features such as Cinderella.[6]

text: Musker and Clements thought that given all fairy tales were set in Europe, they could do an American fairy tale.[6] They stated that they chose New Orleans as a tribute to the history of the city, for its "magical" qualities, and because it was Lasseter's favorite city.[9][17] The directors spent ten days in Louisiana before starting to write the film.[6]

text: The Princess and the Frog was originally announced as The Frog Princess in July 2006,[13] and early concepts and songs were presented to the public at the Walt Disney Company's annual shareholders' meeting in March 2007.[18] These announcements drew criticism from African-American media outlets, due to elements of the Frog Princess story, characters, and settings considered distasteful.[19][20] African-American critics disapproved of the original name for the heroine, "Maddy", due to its similarity to the derogatory term "mammy".[19] Also protested were Maddy's original career as a chambermaid,[20] the choice to have the black heroine's love interest be a non-black prince, which upset opponents of on-screen interracial romance,[19] and the use of a black male voodoo witchdoctor as the film's villain.[19] The Frog Princess title was also thought by critics to be a slur on French people.[21] Also questioned was the film's setting of New Orleans, which had been heavily damaged by Hurricane Katrina in 2005, resulting in the expulsion of a large number of mostly black residents.[22] Critics claimed the choice of New Orleans as the setting for a Disney film with a black heroine was an affront to the Katrina victims' plight.[19][22]

text: In response to these early criticisms, the film's title was changed in May 2007 from The Frog Princess to The Princess and the Frog. The name "Maddy" was changed to "Tiana",[21][23] and the character's occupation was altered from chambermaid to waitress.[19] Talk-show host Oprah Winfrey was hired as a technical consultant for the film, leading to her taking a voice-acting role in the film as Tiana's mother, Eudora.[9]

text: Writing and themes[edit]

text: The head of story, Don Hall, described the plot as a fairy tale "twisted enough that it seems new and fresh", with a kingdom that is a modern city, a handsome prince that is a "knuckleheaded playboy" and a variation on the fairy godmother with Mama Odie. Co-writer Rob Edwards also said The Princess and the Frog was "a princess movie for people who don't like princess movies". As the writers thought Tiana's character motivation of simply dreaming of having her own restaurant was not appealing enough, they expanded so it was her father's as well, with the extra philosophy of "food bringing people together from all walks of life". Musker and Clements stated that while Tiana already starts as a sympathetic character, the events of the plot make her "understand things in a deeper level" and change people around her. Both protagonists would learn from each other—Naveen to take responsibilities, Tiana to enjoy life—as well as figuring from Ray's passion for Evangeline that the perfect balance is brought by having someone you love to share the experience.[6] Tiana became the first African-American Disney Princess.[24][25]

text: Voice cast[edit]

text: On December 1, 2006, a detailed casting call was announced for the film at the Manhattan Theatre Source forum.[26] The casting call states the film as being an American fairy tale musical set in New Orleans during the 1920s Jazz Age and provides a detailed list of the film's major characters.

text: In February 2007, it was reported that Dreamgirls actresses Jennifer Hudson and Anika Noni Rose were top contenders for the voice of Tiana, and that Alicia Keys directly contacted Walt Disney Studios chairman Dick Cook about voicing the role.[27] It was later reported that Tyra Banks was considered for the role as well.[28] By April 2007, it was confirmed that Rose would be voicing Tiana.[29] Three months later, it was reported that Keith David would be doing the voice of Dr. Facilier, the villain of the film.[30]

text: Animation and design[edit]

text: Clements and Musker had agreed early on that the style they were aiming for was primarily that of Lady and the Tramp (1955), a film which they and John Lasseter feel represents "the pinnacle of Disney's style".[31] "After that, everything started becoming more stylized, like Sleeping Beauty, 101 Dalmatians—which are fantastic films as well, but there's a particular style (to 'Lady and the Tramp') that's so classically Disney."[32] Lady and the Tramp also heavily informed the style of the New Orleans scenes, while Disney's Bambi (1942) served as the template for the bayou scenes.[31] Bambi was described as a stylistic reference for the painted backgrounds, as according to art director Ian Gooding "Bambi painted what it feels like to be in the forest instead of the forest" so The Princess and the Frog would in turn try capturing the essence of roaming through New Orleans.[6]

text: The former trend in Disney's hand-drawn features where the characters and cinematography were influenced by a CGI-look has been abandoned. Andreas Deja, a veteran Disney animator who supervised the character of Mama Odie, says "I always thought that maybe we should distinguish ourselves to go back to what 2D is good at, which is focusing on what the line can do rather than volume, which is a CG kind of thing. So we are doing less extravagant Treasure Planet kind of treatments. You have to create a world but [we're doing it more simply]. What we're trying to do with Princess and the Frog is hook up with things that the old guys did earlier. It's not going to be graphic…".[33] Deja also mentions that Lasseter was aiming for the Disney sculptural and dimensional look of the 1950s: "All those things that were non-graphic, which means go easy on the straight lines and have one volume flow into the other—an organic feel to the drawing."[33] Lasseter also felt that traditional animation created more character believability.[34] For example, with Louis the alligator, created by Eric Goldberg, Lasseter said: "It's the believability of this large character being able to move around quite like that."[34] Choreographer Betsy Baytos was brought by the directors to lead a team of eccentric dancers that gave reference to make each character a different style of movement. The character design tried to create beautiful drawings through subtle shapes, particularly for most characters being human. For the frog versions of Tiana and Naveen, while the animators started with realistic designs, they eventually went for cutesy characters "removing all that is unappealing in frogs", similar to Pinocchio's Jiminy Cricket.[6]

text: Toon Boom Animation's Toon Boom Harmony software was used as the main software package for the production of the film, as the Computer Animation Production System (CAPS) system that Disney developed with Pixar in the 1980s for use on their previous traditionally animated films had become outdated.[35] The Harmony software was augmented with a number of plug-ins to provide CAPS-like effects such as shading on cheeks and smoke effects.[11][33] The reinstated traditional unit's first production, a 2007 Goofy cartoon short entitled How to Hook Up Your Home Theater, was partly animated without paper by using Harmony and Wacom Cintiq pressure-sensitive tablets. The character animators found some difficulty with this approach, and decided to use traditional paper and pencil drawings, which were then scanned into the computer systems, for The Princess and the Frog.[11]

text: The one exception to the new Toon Boom Harmony pipeline was the "Almost There" dream sequence, which utilized an Art Deco graphic style based on the art of Harlem Renaissance painter Aaron Douglas.[36] Supervised by Eric Goldberg and designed by Sue Nichols,[37] the "Almost There" sequence's character animation was done on paper without going through the clean-up animation department,[9] and scanned directly into Photoshop. The artwork was then enhanced to affect the appearance of painted strokes and fills, and combined with backgrounds, using Adobe After Effects.[10][11]

text: The visual effects and backgrounds for the film were created digitally using Cintiq tablet displays.[11][38] Marlon West, one of Disney's veteran animation visual effects supervisors, says about the production; "Those guys had this bright idea to bring back hand-drawn animation, but everything had to be started again from the ground up. One of the first things we did was focus on producing shorts, to help us re-introduce the 2D pipeline. I worked as vfx supervisor on the Goofy short, How to Hook Up Your Home Theater. It was a real plus for the effects department, so we went paperless for The Princess and the Frog." The backgrounds were painted digitally using Adobe Photoshop, and many of the architectural elements were based upon 3D models built in Autodesk Maya.[11] Much of the clean-up animation, digital ink-and-paint, and compositing were outsourced to third-party companies in Orlando, Florida (Premise Entertainment), Toronto, Ontario, Canada (Yowza Digital Animation), and Brooklin, São Paulo, Brazil (HGN Produções).[7]

text: Music[edit]

text: During Disney's 2007 shareholder meeting, Randy Newman and the Dirty Dozen Brass Band performed the film's opening number, "Down in New Orleans", with famous New Orleans singer Dr. John singing, while slides of pre-production art from the film played on a screen.[18] Other songs in the film include "Almost There" (a solo for Tiana), "Dig a Little Deeper" (a song for Mama Odie), "When We're Human" (a song for Louis, Tiana and Naveen [as frogs]), "Friends on the Other Side" (a solo for Doctor Facilier), and "Gonna Take You There" and "Ma Belle Evangeline" (two solos for Ray).[18] Newman composed, arranged, and conducted the music for the film, a mixture of jazz, zydeco, blues, and gospel styles performed by the voice cast members for the respective characters while R&B singer-songwriter Ne-Yo wrote and performed the end title song "Never Knew I Needed", an R&B love song referring to the romance between the film's two main characters, Tiana and Naveen. Supported by a music video by Melina, "Never Knew I Needed" was issued to radio outlets as a commercial single from the Princess and the Frog soundtrack.[39]

text: The film's soundtrack album, The Princess and the Frog: Original Songs and Score, contains the ten original songs from the film and seven instrumental pieces. The soundtrack was released on November 23, 2009, the day before the limited release of the film in New York and Los Angeles.[40]

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered in theaters with a limited run in New York and Los Angeles beginning on November 25, 2009, followed by wide release on December 11, 2009.[41] The film was originally set for release on Christmas Day 2009, but its release date was changed due to a competing family film, Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel, scheduled for release the same day.[42] The Princess and the Frog enjoyed a limited re-release in AMC Theatres, lasting from October 6–12, 2017 as part of the Dream Big, Princess campaign.[43][44]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: The Princess and the Frog was supported by a wide array of merchandise leading up to and following the film's release. Although Disney's main marketing push was not set to begin until November 2009, positive word-of-mouth promotion created demand for merchandise well in advance of the film.[45] Princess Tiana costumes were selling out prior to Halloween 2009, and a gift set of Tiana-themed hair-care products from Carol's Daughter sold out in seven hours on the company's website.[45] Other planned merchandise includes a cookbook for children and even a wedding gown.[45] Princess Tiana was also featured a few months before the release in the Disney on Ice: Let's Celebrate! show.[46] The film itself was promoted through advertisements, including one from GEICO where Naveen, as a frog, converses with the company's gecko mascot.[47]

text: A live parade and show called Tiana's Showboat Jubilee! premiered on October 26, 2009, at the Magic Kingdom theme park at Walt Disney World Resort in Florida,[48] and on November 5 at Disneyland in California.[49] In Disneyland, actors in New Orleans Square paraded to the Rivers of America and boarded the park's steamboat.[49] From there, the cast, starring Princess Tiana, Prince Naveen, Louis the alligator, and Doctor Facilier, would sing songs from the movie, following a short storyline taking place after the events of the film. The Disneyland version's actors actually partook in singing, while the Walt Disney World rendition incorporated lip-syncing.[49]

text: Tiana's Showboat Jubilee! ran at both parks until January 3, 2010.[48][49] At Disneyland Park, the show was replaced by a land-based event called Princess Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration, which features Princess Tiana along with five of the original presentation's "Mardi Gras dancers" and the park's "Jambalaya Jazz Band" as they perform songs from the movie.[50] "Tiana's Mardi Gras Celebration" officially ended on October 3, 2010. However, it returned to Disneyland from 2011-2013 as part of the "Limited Time Magic" family-fun weekends.[51][52][53]

text: Tiana also appears in Disneyland Paris' New Generation Festival.[54] Some of the characters appear frequently during World of Color, the nightly fountain and projection show presented at Disney California Adventure. Disney announced on June 4, 2009, that they would release a video game inspired by the film and it was released on November 2009 exclusively for Wii and Nintendo DS platforms. It has been officially described an "adventure through the exciting world of New Orleans in a family-oriented video game", featuring events from the film and challenges for Princess Tiana.[55]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Princess and the Frog was released in North America on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on March 16, 2010.[56]

text: The film is available on DVD, Blu-ray Disc, and Blu-ray Disc combo pack editions; the combo pack includes DVD and digital copies of the film, along with the Blu-ray Disc version.[56] The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc in Australia on June 2, 2010, and on June 21, 2010, in the United Kingdom. As of December 2010 the DVD has sold 4,475,227 copies and has made $71.3 million in DVD sales,[57] making it the ninth-best-selling DVD of 2010.[58]

text: Reception[edit]

text: The financial and critical success of The Princess and the Frog persuaded Disney to green-light at least one new hand-drawn animated film to be released every two years.[14] However, the blog /Film noted in July 2014 with the release of hand-drawn concept art for the 2013 computer animated film Frozen, that any future hand-drawn animated films have been "killed" for the time being due to The Princess and the Frog failing "to ignite the box office".[59] Two months later, however, many Disney artists announced they were working on a new independent hand drawn animated film, Hullabaloo as part of an attempt to bring back hand-drawn animation.[60] Despite such speculation, Walt Disney Animation Studios has continued to use both hand-drawn animation and computer animation in subsequent films.

text: Box office[edit]

text: On its limited day release, the film grossed $263,890 at two theaters and grossed $786,190 its opening weekend.[61][62] On its opening day in wide release, the film grossed $7 million at 3,434 theaters.[63] It went on to gross $24.2 million over the opening weekend averaging $7,050 per theater,[64] ranking at #1 for the weekend, and making it the highest-grossing start to date for an animated movie in December, a record previously held by Beavis and Butt-Head Do America.[65] The film went on to gross $104.4 million (in the United States and Canada) and $267 million (worldwide), making it a box office success, and became the fifth-highest-grossing animated film of 2009.[66] While the film did out-gross Disney's more recent hand-drawn films such as The Emperor's New Groove, Atlantis: The Lost Empire, Treasure Planet, Brother Bear, and Home on the Range, it was less auspicious than the animated films from Walt Disney Animation Studios' 1990s heyday. Disney animator Tom Sito compared the film's box office performance to that of The Great Mouse Detective (1986), which was a step up from the theatrical run of the 1985 box office bomb The Black Cauldron.[67]

text: Looking back on the experience four years later, Catmull acknowledged that Disney had made a "serious mistake" in the process of marketing and releasing the film.[68] The Walt Disney Studios' marketing department had warned Disney Animation that the word "princess" in the title "would lead moviegoers to think that the film was for girls only," but the animation studio's management insisted on keeping the "princess" title because they truly believed that the film's excellent quality and beautiful hand-drawn animation would bring in all quadrants anyway.[68] In Catmull's words, this belief "was our own version of a stupid pill."[68] The marketing department turned out to be correct in their prediction that many moviegoers would and did avoid the film because they thought it was "for little girls only."[68] This error was further compounded by the fact that the film opened five days before Avatar.[68]

text: Looking back seven years later, Lasseter told Variety: "I was determined to bring back [hand-drawn animation] because I felt it was such a heritage of the Disney studio, and I love the art form … I was stunned that Princess didn't do better. We dug into it and did a lot of research and focus groups. It was viewed as old-fashioned by the audience."[69]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The film received largely positive reviews from critics, praising the animation, characters, music and themes. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 85% of 185 critics have given the film a positive review, with a rating average of 7.4 out of 10.[70] The site's general consensus is that "The warmth of traditional Disney animation makes this occasionally lightweight fairy-tale update a lively and captivating confection for the holidays."[71] Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average score out of 0–100 from film critics, has a rating score of 73 based on 29 reviews.[72]

text: Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film an "A" grade and applauded the film's creative team for "uphold[ing] the great tradition of classic Disney animation".[73] Kirk Honeycutt of The Hollywood Reporter praised Walt Disney Animation for "rediscovering its traditional hand-drawn animation" and for "a thing called story".[74] David Germain of the Associated Press wrote that "The Princess and the Frog is not the second coming of Beauty and the Beast or The Lion King. It's just plain pleasant, an old-fashioned little charmer that's not straining to be the next glib animated compendium of pop-culture flotsam."[75] Justin Chang of Variety was less receptive, stating "this long-anticipated throwback to a venerable house style never comes within kissing distance of the studio's former glory".[76] Joe Neumaier of the New York Daily News gave the film 3/5 stars while saying "The Princess and the Frog breaks the color barrier for Disney princesses, but is a throwback to traditional animation and her story is a retread".[77] Village Voice's Scott Foundas found that "the movie as a whole never approache[d] the wit, cleverness, and storytelling brio of the studio's early-1990s animation renaissance (Beauty and the Beast, The Lion King) or pretty much anything by Pixar".[78] Betsy Sharkey of the Los Angeles Times gave the film a positive review claiming that "the dialogue is fresh-prince clever, the themes are ageless, the rhythms are riotous and the return to a primal animation style is beautifully executed."[79] Chicago Sun-Times film critic Roger Ebert gave the film three out of four stars and admired Disney's step back to traditional animation, writing, "No 3-D! No glasses! No extra ticket charge! No frantic frenzies of meaningless action! And…good gravy! A story! Characters! A plot! This is what classic animation once was like!", but stated that the film "inspires memories of Disney's Golden Age it doesn't quite live up to, as I've said, but it's spritely and high-spirited, and will allow kids to enjoy it without visually assaulting them."[80]

text: S. Jhoanna Robledo of Common Sense Media gave the film three out of five stars, writing, "First African-American Disney princess is a good role model".[81] Saint Bryan of the NBC-TV Seattle praised the film and called it "The Best Disney Movie Since The Lion King".[82]

text: Upon its release, the film created controversy among some Christians over its use of Louisiana Voodoo as a plot device.[83] Christianity Today's review of the film cited its sexual undertones and use of voodoo, arguing that the scenes with Dr. Facilier and his "friends on the other side" contain many horror elements and that young children might be frightened by the film.[84] The film's treatment of Louisiana voodoo as a type of magic instead of a religion also drew criticism from non-Christian factions.[85]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Animated Feature and twice for the Academy Award for Best Original Song, but lost to Up and Crazy Heart, respectively.[3][86] It was also nominated for eight Annie Awards and, at the 37th Annie Awards Ceremony on February 6, 2010, won three.[8]

text:
Award
Category
Nominee
Result

2009 Satellite Awards[87]
Best Motion Picture, Animated or Mixed Media
The Princess and the Frog
Nominated

Best Original Song
Randy Newman
(Almost There)

Randy Newman
(Down in New Orleans)

African-American Film Critics Association Awards 2009
Top 10 Films
The Princess and the Frog
Won

Best Screenplay
John Musker, Ron Clements and Rob Edwards — Tied with Geoffrey Fletcher for Precious: Based on the Novel "Push" by Sapphire

2009 Producers Guild of America Awards[88]
Animated Theatrical Motion Pictures
Peter Del Vecho
Nominated

2009 Online Film Critics Society Awards[89]
Best Animated Feature
The Princess and the Frog

67th Golden Globe Awards[90]
Best Animated Feature Film

2009 Chicago Film Critics Association[91]
Best Animated Feature

2009 Critics Choice Awards[92]
Best Animated Feature

Best Score
Randy Newman

Best Song
(Almost There)

2009 Black Reel Awards[93]
Best Film
The Princess and the Frog

Best Song, Original or Adapted
Ne-Yo
(Never Knew I Needed)

Anika Noni Rose
(Almost There)
Won

Anika Noni Rose
(Down in New Orleans)
Nominated

Best Voice Performance
Keith David

Anika Noni Rose
Won

Best Ensemble
The Princess and the Frog
Nominated

37th Annie Awards[8]
Best Animated Feature

Animated Effects
James DeValera Mansfield
Won

Production Design in a Feature Production
Ian Gooding
Nominated

Character Animation in a Feature Production
Andreas Deja

Eric Goldberg
Won

Bruce W. Smith
Nominated

Voice Acting in a Feature Production
Jennifer Cody ("Charlotte")
Won

Jenifer Lewis ("Mama Odie")
Nominated

82nd Academy Awards[3][86]

Best Animated Feature
John Musker and Ron Clements

Best Music, Original Song
Randy Newman
(Almost There)

Randy Newman
(Down in New Orleans)

41st NAACP Image Awards
Outstanding Motion Picture

Outstanding Actress in a Motion Picture
Anika Noni Rose

36th Saturn Awards[94]
Best Animated Film
The Princess and the Frog

2010 Teen Choice Awards[95][96]
Choice Movie: Animated

2011 Grammy Awards[97]
Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media
Randy Newman
(Down in New Orleans)

Women Film Critics Circle
Best Animated Females
Anika Noni Rose (Tiana), Jennifer Cody (Charlotte La Bouff), Oprah Winfrey (Eudora), Jenifer Lewis (Mama Odie), and all other female characters in The Princess and the Frog.
Won

text: Television[edit]

text:
Tiana made a guest-appearance on Sofia the First in the season 2 episode titled "Winter's Gift".[98]
A live-action version of Tiana is also a main character on the seventh season of Once Upon a Time.[99][100][101]


document_title: Catechism of the Catholic Church

question_text: when was the catechism of the catholic church first published

root

text: Catechism of the Catholic Church

text: Publication history[edit]

text: The decision to publish a catechism was taken at the Second Extraordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops that was convened by Pope John Paul II on 25 January 1985 for the 20th anniversary of the close of the Second Vatican Council, and in 1986, put a commission composed of 12 bishops and cardinals in charge of the project.[3] The commission was assisted by a committee consisting of seven diocesan bishops, experts in theology and catechesis.[3]

tag: p

text: The text was approved by John Paul II on 25 June 1992, and promulgated by him on 11 October 1992, the 30th anniversary of the opening of the Second Vatican Council, with his apostolic constitution, Fidei depositum.[3] Cardinal Georges Cottier, Theologian emeritus of the Pontifical Household and now Cardinal-Deacon of Santi Domenico e Sisto the University Church of the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum[4][5] was influential in drafting the encyclical.[note 1]

text: It was published in the French language in 1992.[6] Later it was then translated into many other languages. In the United States, the English translation was published in 1994 and had been pre-ordered more than 250,000 copies before its release,[7] with a note that it was "subject to revision according to the Latin typical edition (editio typica) when it is published."[8]

text: On August 15, 1997—the Solemnity of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary— John Paul II promulgated the Latin typical edition, with his apostolic letter, Laetamur Magnopere.[9] The Latin text, which became the official text of reference (editio typica),[10] amended the contents of the provisional French text at a few points.[11] One of the changes consisted in the inclusion of the position on death penalty that is defended in John Paul II's encyclical Evangelium Vitae of 1995.[12]

text: As a result, the earlier translations from the French into other languages (including English) had to be amended and re-published as "second editions".[note 2]

text: Doctrinal value[edit]

text: In the apostolic constitution Fidei depositum, John Paul II declared that the Catechism of the Catholic Church is "a valid and legitimate instrument for ecclesial communion and a sure norm for teaching the faith",[3] and stressed that it "is not intended to replace the local catechisms duly approved by the ecclesiastical authorities, the diocesan Bishops and the Episcopal Conferences".[3]

text: Contents[edit]

text: A catechism has been defined as "a book that explains the beliefs of the Christian religion by using a list of questions and answers".[13] Documents of religious instruction have been written since the beginning of Christianity and a catechism is typically an assemblage of these smaller documents into one large compilation of Church doctrine and teachings.[14]

text: The Catechism itself is not in question-and-answer format. Rather, it is instead a source on which to base such catechisms (e.g. Youcat and the United States Catholic Catechism for Adults) and other expositions of Catholic doctrine, called a "major catechism." As stated in the apostolic constitution Fidei depositum, with which its publication was ordered, it was given so "that it may be a sure and authentic reference text for teaching Catholic doctrine and particularly for preparing local catechisms."[15]

text: The Catechism is arranged in four principal parts:

text:
The Profession of Faith (the Apostle's Creed)
The Celebration of the Christian Mystery (the Sacred Liturgy, and especially the sacraments)
Life in Christ (including the Ten Commandments)
Christian Prayer (including the Lord's Prayer)

tag: ul

text: This scheme is often referred to as the “Four Pillars” of the Faith. The contents are abundantly footnoted with references to sources of the teaching, in particular the Scriptures, the Church Fathers, and the Ecumenical Councils[16] and other authoritative Catholic statements, principally those issued by recent popes.

text: The section on Scripture in the Catechism recovers the Patristic tradition of "spiritual exegesis" as further developed through the scholastic doctrine of the "four senses."[17] This return to spiritual exegesis is based on the Second Vatican Council's 1965 dogmatic constitution Dei verbum, which taught that Scripture should be "read and interpreted in light of the same Spirit by whom it was written".[18] The Catechism amplifies Dei verbum by specifying that the necessary spiritual interpretation should be sought through the four senses of Scripture,[19][20][21] which encompass the literal sense and the three spiritual senses (allegorical, moral, and anagogical).

text: The literal sense pertains to the meaning of the words themselves, including any figurative meanings.[22] The spiritual senses pertain to the significance of the things (persons, places, objects or events) denoted by the words. Of the three spiritual senses, the allegorical sense is foundational. It relates persons, events, and institutions of earlier covenants to those of later covenants, and especially to the New Covenant. Building on the allegorical sense, the moral sense instructs in regard to action, and the anagogical sense points to man's final destiny.[23] The teaching of the Catechism on Scripture has encouraged the pursuit of covenantal theology, an approach that employs the four senses to structure salvation history via the biblical covenants.[24][25]

text: Comments[edit]

text: In 1992, Cardinal Joseph Ratzinger (later Pope Benedict XVI) noted:

text: It clearly show[s] that the problem of what we must do as human beings, of how we should live our lives so that we and the world may become just, is the essential problem of our day, and basically of all ages. After the fall of ideologies, the problem of man—the moral problem—is presented to today's context in a totally new way: What should we do? How does life become just? What can give us and the whole world a future which is worth living? Since the catechism treats these questions, it is a book which interests many people, far beyond purely theological or ecclesial circles.[26]

text: Ulf Ekman, former Charismatic pastor and the founder of Livets Ord, says that the Catechism is "the best book he has ever read".[27]

text: Derived works[edit]

text: It was expected that the universal Catechism would serve as a source and template for inculturated national catechisms. In the United States, for example, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops published the United States Catholic Catechism for Adults, officially replacing their previous version, the Baltimore Catechism, though it had already been out of use for nearly forty years.

text: The Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Church was published in 2005, and the first edition in English in 2006. It is a more concise and dialogic version of the Catechism. The text of the Compendium is available in fourteen languages on the Vatican website, which also gives the text of the Catechism itself in nine languages.[16]

text: Youcat, a catechism for youth, based on the Catechism and its Compendium, was published in 2011. The Vatican has acknowledged that some translations of Youcat contain errors regarding Church teaching on the status of other religions, contraception and euthanasia, whether due to simple error or poor translations.[28]


document_title: Billiard table

question_text: what size is a standard american pool table

text: Billiard table

text: Parts and equipment[edit]

text: This section needs expansion with: subsections on rails, frame, etc.. You can help by adding to it. (August 2007)

tag: table

text: Cushions[edit]

text: Cushions (also sometimes called "rail cushions", "cushion rubber", or rarely "bumpers") are located on the inner sides of a table's wooden rails. There are several different materials and design philosophies associated with cushion rubber. The cushions are made from an elastic material such as vulcanized rubber (gum or synthetic). The chiefly American jargon rails more properly applies to the wooded outer segments of the table to which the cushions are affixed.

text: The purpose of the cushion rubber is to cause the billiard balls to rebound off the rubber while minimizing the loss of kinetic energy.

text: When installed properly the distance from the nose of the cushion to the covered slate surface is 1 7⁄16 inches (37 mm)[3] while using a regulation 2 1⁄4-inch (57 mm) ball set.

text: The profile of the rail cushion, which is the cushion's angle in relation to the bed of the table, varies between table types. The standard on American pool tables is the K-66 profile, which as defined by the Billiard Congress of America (BCA) has a base of 1 3⁄16 inches (30 mm) and a nose height of 1 inch (25 mm).[4]

text: On a carom table, the K-55 profile is used (with a somewhat sharper angle than pool cushions). K-55 cushions have cloth, usually canvas, vulcanized into the top of the rubber to adjust rebound accuracy and speed.[4]

text: Finally, snooker tables may use an L-shaped profile, such as the L77 profile. This is mostly because snooker uses balls of a smaller diameter and smaller pocket entrances than pool.

text: Bed[edit]

text: The bed – the cloth-covered, horizontal playing surface – is, on high-quality equipment, made of solid, smooth slabs of slate, most often from Italy, Brazil or China. Small pool tables may use only one or two pieces of slate, while carom, English billiards and tournament-size pool tables use three. Full-size snooker tables require five. The gap between slates is filled with a hard-drying putty, epoxy or resin, then sanded to produce a seamless surface, before being covered with the cloth. When several pieces of slate are joined poorly it is possible for the resin to deform and cause an uneven playing surface; it can also be difficult to move once joined.

text: Tables for the home market usually use slate beds as well, but the slate is often thinner, down to about  1⁄2 inch (13 mm). The early table beds were made of cloth-covered wooden boards. Today, inexpensive but not very rigid or durable materials used for the beds of low-end tables (e.g. for children's recreation rooms) still include wood, especially medium-density fibreboard and plywood, as well as plastics and other synthetic materials under various trade names.

text: Cloth[edit]

text: Billiard cloth (sometimes erroneously called felt) is a specific type of cloth that covers the top of the table's "playing area". Both the rails and slate beds are covered with 21–24-ounce billiard cloth (although some less expensive 19-ounce cloths are available) which is most often green in colour (representing the grass of the original lawn games that billiards evolved from), and consists of either a woven wool or wool-nylon blend called baize.

text: Most bar tables, which get lots of play, use the slower, thicker blended felt because it is cheaper. Worsted cloth is more expensive but lasts longer. This type of cloth is called a woollen cloth. By contrast, high-quality pool cloth is usually made of a napless weave such as worsted wool, which gives a much faster roll to the balls. This "speed" of the cloth affects the amounts of swerve and deflection[citation needed] of the balls, among other aspects of game finesse. Snooker cloth traditionally has a directional nap, upon which the balls behave differently when rolling against vs. running with the direction of the nap.

text: Markings[edit]

text: Sights, also known as diamonds (for their traditional shape), are inlaid at precise, evenly spaced positions along the rails of some tables (not usually on snooker tables) to aid in the aiming of bank or kick shots. There are seven along each long rail (with the side pocket interfering with where the seventh one would go, on pocket billiard tables) and three along each short rail, with each of the four corners counting as another in the mathematical systems that the diamonds are used to calculate. These sights divide the playing surface into equal squares. Books, even entire series of books, have been written on geometric and algebraic systems of aiming using the diamonds.

text: Spots are often used to mark the head and foot spots on the cloth. Other markings may be a line drawn across the head string (or across the balk line with the "D", in British-style pool). Another case is the outline of the triangle rack behind the foot spot where the balls are racked in straight pool, since the outline of this area is strategically important throughout the game. In artistic pool, lines may be drawn between opposite sights putting a grid on the playing surface. Other grid patterns are used in various forms of balkline billiards. A recent table marking convention, in European nine-ball, is the break box.

text: Carom billiards tables[edit]

text: Pocketless carom billiards tables are used for such games as three-cushion billiards, straight rail, balkline, artistic billiards and cushion caroms.

text: Dimensions[edit]

text: Regulation 10 × 5 foot carom billiards tables have a playing surface (measured between the noses of the cushions) of 2.84 meters by 1.42 meters (9.32 × 4.65 feet) with a 5 millimeter allowance.[5] The standard height range of the table, measured from the playing surface to the ground is between 75 and 80 centimeters.

text: Bed[edit]

text: The slate bed of a carom billiard table must have a minimum thickness of 45 millimeters and is often heated to about 5 degrees C (9 deg F) above room temperature, which helps to keep moisture out of the cloth to aid the balls rolling and rebounding in a consistent manner, and generally makes a table play faster. A heated table is required under international carom rules and is an especially important requirement for the games of three-cushion billiards and artistic billiards.[1]:115, 238

text: Heating table beds is an old practice. Queen Victoria had a billiard table that was heated using zinc tubes, although the aim at that time was chiefly to keep the then-used ivory balls from warping. The first use of electric heating was for an 18.2 balkline tournament held in December 1927 between Welker Cochran and Jacob Schaefer, Jr. The New York Times announced it with fanfare: "For the first time in the history of world's championship balkline billiards a heated table will be used..."[1]:115, 238[6]

text: Pool tables[edit]

text: A pool table, or pocket billiards table, has six pockets – one at each corner of the table (corner pockets) and one at the midpoint of each of the longer sides (side pockets or middle pockets).

text: Dimensions[edit]

text: Pool tables come in different sizes, typically referred to as 9-foot (2.7 m), 8.5 ft (2.6 m), 8 ft (2.4 m), or 7 ft (2.1 m) tables. In all cases, the table is rectangular with a 2:1 ratio (e.g. 9 × 4.5 ft).

text: There are only two sizes approved for tournament play by the International Olympic Committee-recognized sport governing body of pool, the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), and its various regional and national affiliates; under the world standardised rules of pool, these are the 9 × 4.5 ft and 8 × 4 ft models.[7][4] For a 9-ft table, the playing surface (the dimensions between the noses of the cushions) measures 100 inches (254 cm) by 50 inches (127 cm) with a  1⁄8-inch (3.2 mm) margin of error for either dimension. For an 8-ft table, the playing surface measures 92 inches (234 cm) by 46 inches (117 cm), with the same  1⁄8 inch variance allowed.

text: In the UK as well as a number of other British Commonwealth and European countries, the typical pool table is a 7 × 3.5 ft (2.13 × 0.91 m), although 6-foot (1.83 m) tables for the pub and home market are also common. These are the sizes used by internationally standardised blackball and the amateur World Eightball Pool Federation, as well as informal pub pool.[8] The 7-foot size is also frequently used in North American amateur leagues, and are common coin-operated fixtures in bars and other venues. The playing surface for a 7-foot table is 76 inches (193 cm) by 38 inches (96.5 cm).

text: Pockets[edit]

text: Pockets, usually rimmed at the back with leather or plastic, may have leather mesh, cloth bags, plastic cups, or elongated wire racks, to catch the balls, common in home billiard rooms and pool halls, or in the coin-operated tables found in bars/pubs may instead lead to ball-return troughs inside the table, which channel the balls into a collection chamber on one side of the table (or, in non-coin-op models, on the racking end of the table). A disadvantage to pockets with bags or cups is that if too many balls go into the same pocket, it will fill up the receptacle and prevent any more balls from going in that pocket, requiring that some be moved out of the pocket manually before shooting again.

text: Regardless of table size, the WPA standard (sometimes informally called "American-style") table has wide, angular pockets that funnel notably inward, generally 1.75 to 2.25 times as wide at the opening as the diameter of the 2 1⁄4-inch (57 mm) balls, wider at the side (middle) pockets than the corners. WEPF pool (sometimes informally called "British-style" or "Commonwealth-style") is played with 2 to 2 1⁄8-in (51–54 mm) balls, and this type of table has smaller, narrow pockets (the width is calculated as the ball diameter multiplied by 1.6, and is consistent at all six pockets), with rounded entrances and nearly parallel sides, like those on a snooker table. One tactical consequence of this design difference is that the jaws of the WPA-type pocket are often used exactly like a horizontal version of the backboard of a basketball goal, to rebound the ball into the pocket; this technique does not work on blackball tables, and even shots down the cushion into a corner pocket are more difficult.

text: Bed[edit]

text: For tournament competition under WPA world-standardized rules (and league play under derived rulesets), the bed of the pocket billiard table must be made of slate no less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) thick. The flatness of the table must be divergent by no greater than 0.02 inches (0.51 mm) lengthwise and 0.01 inches (0.25 mm) across the width.[7]

text: Snooker and English billiards tables[edit]

text: A table designed for the games snooker and English billiards is usually called a snooker table today, though English billiards pre-dates snooker.

text: Dimensions[edit]

text: The playing area of a tournament snooker table, as standardized by the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA or World Snooker) and the amateur International Billiards and Snooker Federation (IBSF) which uses WPBSA rules,[9] measures 11 feet 8.5 inches by 5 ft 10 in (356.9 cm by 177.8 cm) with a tolerance of ± 0.5 in (13 mm),[10] though commonly referred to as 12 ft by 6 ft. Smaller tables, approximately 10 ft by 5 ft down to half size, are also sometimes used in pubs, homes and smaller snooker halls. The height from the floor to the top of the cushion is between 2 ft 9.5 in and 2 ft 10.5 in (85.1 cm and 87.6 cm).[10]

text: Pockets[edit]

text: A snooker table has six pockets, one at each corner and one at the center of each of the longest side cushions. The pockets are around 86 mm (3.5 in),[clarification needed] though high-class tournaments may use slightly smaller pockets to increase difficulty. The amount of undercut (trimmed underside of the rubber cushion's protruding nose at the pocket opening),[11]:8 if any, has a strong effect on how easily a ball is accepted by the pocket (the "pocket speed"). On snooker and English billiards tables, the pocket entries are rounded, while pool tables have sharp "knuckles". This affects how accurate shots need to be to get into a pocket, and how fast they can be when not dead-on, including shots that run along and against a cushion, making snooker more difficult to play than pool. According to the WPBSA official rule book, "the pocket openings shall conform to the templates owned and authorised by The World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA)".[10] The WPBSA and IBSF rule books' equipment sections do not actually specify the measurements and shapes of these proprietary templates[9][10] which change from time to time, requiring that the templates be dated.[12] The organisations do not recognise tournament play or records (maximum breaks, etc.) if not performed on tables that conform to then-current templates.[12][13]

text: Cushions[edit]

text: The cushions (sometimes known as rails, though that term properly applies to the wood sections to which the cushions are attached) are usually made of vulcanized rubber.

text: Markings[edit]

text: The baulk area is marked by a baulk line drawn on the cloth across the width of the table at 29 inches (737 mm) from and parallel to the face of the bottom cushion.[10] A semicircle with a radius of 11.5 inches (292 mm) centered on this line within baulk forms the "D"[10] in which the cue ball must be placed when breaking or after the cue ball has been potted or shot off the table. The position of four of the colours are marked along the long string (lengthwise centre) of the table, perpendicular to the baulk line: the black spot, 12.75 inches (324 mm) from the top cushion; the centre spot or blue spot, located at the midpoint between the bottom and top cushions; the pyramid spot or pink spot, located midway between the centre spot and the top cushion; and the baulk spot or brown spot, located at the midpoint of the baulk line[10] (and, thus of the "D"). Due to its obviousness, the brown spot is not always marked (neither are the unmistakable green and yellow spots,[10] at the left and right intersections, respectively, of the baulk line and the "D"'s curve.[1]:116, 278[10] The exact placing of these markings are different on smaller tables, but proportional to the full-size model.

text: Bed[edit]

text: The playing surface of a good quality snooker table has a bed of slate[14] and is covered with baize cloth, traditionally green, though many other colors are now available. The thickness of this cloth determines the table's speed (lack of friction) and responsiveness to spin, thicker cloths being longer lasting but slower and less responsive. The nap of the cloth can affect the run of the balls, especially on slower shots and shots played with sidespin applied to the cue ball. A snooker table traditionally has the nap running from the baulk to the top end and is brushed and ironed in this direction.

text: Tables for other games[edit]

text: Other types of billiard tables are used for specific games, such as Russian pyramid which uses a '12 ft by 6 ft' table (similar to a snooker table but with much smaller pockets), and Asian four ball which uses a pocketless 8 ft by 4 ft table. Games such as bagatelle often had more than six holes, including straight through the bed in the middle of the table, a feature still found in bar billiards and bumper pool.

text: Novelty and home tables[edit]

text: There are novelty billiard tables, often for pool, that come in various shapes including zig-zag, circular, and (especially for bumper pool) hexagonal. A circular table featured prominently in the 1972 film Silent Running. For the home market, many manufacturers have produced billiard tables (in the broad sense) that double as dining tables or as table tennis or other gaming tables, with removable hard tops.[14] Home pool tables are often roughly 4 × 8 ft, a medium between 3 ×6  ft. bar/pub tables and tournament 4.5 × 9 ft tournament models. Miniature tables also exist, ranging in size from 1 × 1.6 ft to 2 × 4 ft, with scaled cues, phenolic balls, and occasionally a ball-return system.

text:
Russian pyramid ball at a corner pocket. The relative size of the ball and the pocket makes the game very challenging.

A bar billiards table, showing the holes but not the mushrooms that are placed in front of the holes. All players stand in front of the table (no side access is permitted).

A rectangular bumper pool table

An original Ford Mustang converted into a novelty pool table, exhibited at the 2011 Montreal International Auto Show.

A billiard table the bed of which can be flipped over for use as a regular table; produced by Heinrich Seifert & Söhne around 1910.

A child plays pocket billiards on a green-matted toy billiard table set on a coffee table and using small balls.

Football billiards table, also known as footpool, billiard soccer, or snookball.


document_title: List of Doc Martin episodes

question_text: how many episodes are there in doc martin series 7

text: List of Doc Martin episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

First aired
Last aired

1
6
2 September 2004 (2004-09-02)
7 October 2004 (2004-10-07)
9.32

2
8
10 November 2005 (2005-11-10)
5 January 2006 (2006-01-05)
8.68

Film
25 December 2006 (2006-12-25)
5.88

3
7
24 September 2007 (2007-09-24)
5 November 2007 (2007-11-05)
9.12

4
8
20 September 2009 (2009-09-20)
8 November 2009 (2009-11-08)
9.15

5
8
12 September 2011 (2011-09-12)
31 October 2011 (2011-10-31)
10.60

6
8
2 September 2013 (2013-09-02)
21 October 2013 (2013-10-21)
8.97

7
8
7 September 2015 (2015-09-07)
2 November 2015 (2015-11-02)
7.61

8
8
20 September 2017 (2017-09-20)
8 November 2017 (2017-11-08)
7.41

9
8
 ()
 ()
TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Series 1 (2004)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

1
1
"Going Bodmin"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
2 September 2004 (2004-09-02)
9.93

Martin attends an interview for the post of general practitioner (GP). Having unwittingly offended local teacher Louisa Glasson, he spontaneously diagnoses her glaucoma. Although pleased to renew his acquaintance with his Auntie Joan with whom he spent holidays as a boy, he is less than enamoured of the other locals he encounters and the state of his predecessor's surgery. He also inadvertently uncovers an affair between a teenager and the wife of the Lieutenant Colonel, leading to threats of a divorce, a reconciliation and then a punch on his nose. Disillusioned, Martin decides he has made a mistake and plans to return to London.[5]

2
2
"Gentlemen Prefer"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
9 September 2004 (2004-09-09)
8.98

Martin's surgery officially opens for business, but patients continue to treat it as a drop-in cafe. Former teacher Roger Fenn is hoarse and has a lump on his neck, so Martin refers him to a specialist for a biopsy. He is diagnosed with cancer and must have surgery which may cost the former singer his voice. Martin also sacks Elaine as his receptionist for her general attitude and incompetence after she inaccurately takes down the name or phone number of a boy with suspected appendicitis.[5]

3
3
"Sh*t Happens"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
16 September 2004 (2004-09-16)
8.91

A stomach bug sweeps the village, filling Martin's surgery with patients. Martin appears on the local radio station in an attempt to alert the village to a potential health scare, but his efforts misfire. Bert Large and his son have an argument over college and the future of their family businesses.[5]

4
4
"The Portwenn Effect"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
23 September 2004 (2004-09-23)
9.31

Louisa buys two tickets to the Portwenn Players Dance and invites Martin. He doesn't want to go so Louisa offers the ticket to Mark instead. Peter Cronk, a boy at Louisa's school, causes trouble on a wildlife trip and Martin meets the Park Ranger Stewart, who believes he lives with a 6 foot squirrel named Anthony.[5]

5
5
"Of All the Harbours in All the Towns"
Ben Bolt
Kirstie Falkous & John Regier
30 September 2004 (2004-09-30)
9.45

John Slater, an old flame of Joan's, returns to the village hoping to rekindle his love affair with her, but Martin discovers he has a life-threatening heart condition. Fifteen-year-old Melanie Gibson (Stephanie Leonidas) has a crush on the doctor after he mends her dislocated shoulder.[5]

6
6
"Haemophobia"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella
7 October 2004 (2004-10-07)
9.31

Martin is forced to confront his fear of blood, first when the town plays a prank on him involving ketchup as a fake injury, and then when Peter, a young lad of the town, suffers a ruptured spleen that needs an urgent operation.[5]

text: Series 2 (2005–06)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

7
1
"Old Dogs"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella & Edana Minghella
10 November 2005 (2005-11-10)
8.86

Louisa's old flame, Danny Steel, comes to Portwenn hoping to rekindle their romance. He is furious with Martin for interfering with his mother's move to a nursing home. A man who has a habit of inexplicably injuring himself consults Martin. Elaine has resigned and moved away with her boyfriend Greg and has been replaced by her cousin, Pauline Lamb.[6]

8
2
"In Loco"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
17 November 2005 (2005-11-17)
8.19

Louisa interviews for a position as headmistress and crosses Martin by insisting that children with a highly contagious disease should still come to school against the doctor's wishes. Peter stays with Martin after Peter's mother suffers serious burns. Bert Large steps in to maintain the chip shop whilst Mrs. Cronk is hospitalised, only to find his "experience in the catering trade" is a little wayward.[6]

9
3
"Blood is Thicker"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
24 November 2005 (2005-11-24)
9.26

Al discovers that Bert is not his natural father; Martin diagnoses food poisoning for a rural family with a mysterious unseen mother.[6]

10
4
"Aromatherapy"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella & Edana Minghella
1 December 2005 (2005-12-01)
8.99

An old man, inexplicably emanating a horrible stench, consults Doctor Ellingham; and the local radio host, Caroline, seems to have a serious drinking problem. Julie Mitchell arrives in Portwenn and immediately catches the attention of PC Mark Mylow.[6]

11
5
"Always on My Mind"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
8 December 2005 (2005-12-08)
8.56

Martin examines Helen Pratt, but she collapses and dies. Her husband, Phil, is angry with the doctor and blames him for his wife's death. A feud develops between Phil and Helen's long-time friend Joan after Phil becomes convinced that Joan knew something secret about him. Joan encourages Martin to explain the circumstances of Helen's death to Phil, having previously been extremely cold and insensitive following her death. Pauline begins training to become a member of the lifeboat crew, flirting with her instructor, Ross, in the process, causing Al to become jealous.

12
6
"The Family Way"
Ben Bolt
Dominic Minghella & Edana Minghella
15 December 2005 (2005-12-15)
8.83

Martin's cold and difficult parents come to stay with him. He hasn't seen them for seven years, and is puzzled as to why they should turn up out of the blue. Mark and Julie get engaged. Danny Steel's lung collapses whilst renovating a house and Martin examines a woman with what she claims is a thyroid problem, but the results turn out to be rather different.

13
7
"Out of the Woods"
Minkie Spiro
Jack Lothian
22 December 2005 (2005-12-22)
8.11

PC Mark Mylow plans to spend his stag night sleeping rough in the woods with Al Large, but gets bitten by an adder. The doctor doesn't have a clue where they are and his only hope lies with the area's park ranger – Stewart.[6]

14
8
"Erotomania"
Minkie Spiro
Dominic Minghella & Edana Minghella
5 January 2006 (2006-01-05)
8.60

Martin tries to persuade Mrs. Tishell, the pharmacist, to remove her collar, which she has worn for years. Louisa breaks up with Danny after career disagreements. A man from the Salvation Army arrives in Portwenn trying to trace a girl who left her home. Whom could he be after?[6]

text: TV Film (2006)[edit]

text:
No.
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Title
Directed by
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Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

15
"On the Edge"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
25 December 2006 (2006-12-25)
5.88

Martin learns that he is under investigation for rude and condescending behaviour with the end result that he may have to go on a 2 week course to improve his people skills. Pauline advises him that he will have to find a new receptionist as she is returning to university to study nursing. Bert Large thinks he's struck gold when word gets out that a rare bird is nesting in the local cliffs so he borrows the police van to offer guided tours. Louisa Glasson's father Terry suddenly re-appears in the village accompanied by his friend, Jonathan. Terry had left the village under a cloud when he was accused of stealing money from the lifeboat fund but he has always maintained his innocence and Louisa remains his staunchest defender. Things get serious when Jonathan stops taking his medication and takes Martin, Louisa and Pauline prisoner and the problems in the town heat up.[7]

text: Series 3 (2007)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
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Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

16
1
"The Apple Doesn't Fall"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
24 September 2007 (2007-09-24)
8.10

Martin believes Louisa may be anaemic after she passes out in front of her class. A young girl is treated for hyperactivity and it's suspected that she's been taking her Mum's diet pills. After the horror and shock of discovering his fiance Julie's secret, Constable Mark Mylow has left — PC Joe Penhale (John Marquez) arrives in Portwenn to replace him, arousing attention from the doc, who discovers him unconscious at the wheel of his police car.[8] Titled Tick Tock in American release.

17
2
"Movement"
Ben Bolt
Nick Vivian
1 October 2007 (2007-10-01)
8.58

Bert Large abandons his plumbing business in favour of running a restaurant. Following the restaurant's opening, several cases of food poisoning occur with Louisa being one of the victims.[8] Titled The Morning After in American release.

18
3
"City Slickers"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
8 October 2007 (2007-10-08)
8.84

A couple and their son move in next door to Louisa causing problems for her, Martin and the local people. Residents also begin to discover something unusual about PC Penhale[8] Titled Love Thy Neighbor in American release.

19
4
"The Admirer"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
15 October 2007 (2007-10-15)
8.81

Hotel owner Carrie Wilson has her sights on Martin much to Louisa's chagrin. Joan has an admirer in painter Edward Melville, who is 30 years younger than she.[8] Titled The GP Always Rings Twice in American release.

20
5
"The Holly Bears a Prickle"
Ben Bolt
Ben Bolt
22 October 2007 (2007-10-22)
9.21

Pauline's gambling addiction finally comes to a head after an explosive confrontation in the surgery. Martin and Louisa go out on a date, but it is ruined by an inappropriate remark, and Louisa ends their relationship. Louisa's friend, Holly (Lucy Robinson), injures her back while walking in Portwenn. The episode ends with Martin proposing to Louisa, telling her he can't imagine life without her. [8] Titled Breaking Up Is Hard to Do in American release.

21
6
"Nowt So Queer"
Ben Bolt
Keith Temple
29 October 2007 (2007-10-29)
9.92

The news of Martin and Louisa's engagement spreads like wildfire through Portwenn. A mysterious respiratory infection breaks out in the village. Martin becomes concerned about a patient who lives with her domineering and sinister sister, a biochemist. Al Large is concerned about his finances. [8]Titled The Two of Us in American release

22
7
"Happily Ever After"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
5 November 2007 (2007-11-05)
10.37

On the day of their wedding, Louisa's bridesmaid is hit in the eye with a party popper; the local florist gets arrested and his shop shuttered. Bert Large has to make contingency plans for the wedding party. Martin suggests the vicar has a drink problem and later catches him with a bottle of whiskey. The vicar ends up in hospital after falling over and fracturing his hip. Martin has to find a replacement, and pays a high price for his services. Louisa's maid of honor has another emergency.[8] Titled In Sickness and In Health in American release.

text: Series 4 (2009)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
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Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

23
1
"Better the Devil"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
20 September 2009 (2009-09-20)
8.30

Life in the beautiful Cornish village of Portwenn has become ever more infuriating for Dr. Martin Ellingham since his and Louisa's heart-wrenching decision to call off their wedding. Louisa has left the village, and Martin has begun to question what keeps him in Cornwall. It's certainly not his relentlessly annoying patients. Mrs. Tishell's husband Clive returns to his wife and concerns the doctor with his lack of hearing. Martin's ex-girlfriend Dr. Edith Montgomery aids a patient of his, and the pair immediately come to a disagreement over the patient's need for an operation. The episode ends with the return of Louisa and her surprise news: She is pregnant with Martin's child.[9]

24
2
"Uneasy Lies the Head"
Ben Bolt
Ben Bolt
27 September 2009 (2009-09-27)
8.03

Dr. Martin Ellingham struggles to deal with Louisa's news, and is conflicted over what action to take. But Louisa is adamant she does not want Martin involved. Auntie Joan, however, is highly insistent that she help Louisa through the pregnancy. Louisa takes a job back at Portwenn Primary School, where the headmaster is creating suspicion and public concern over his increasingly erratic behaviour. Martin realises the schoolmaster is unwell when he evacuates blue urine. Things come to a frightening turn when the schoolmaster takes a class of schoolchildren to the beach.

25
3
"Perish Together as Fools"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
4 October 2009 (2009-10-04)
8.71

Dr. Martin Ellingham is shocked to find Louisa and Aunt Joan knocking at his door before the Surgery has opened. Louisa has had a medical scare and wants Martin's reassurance that everything is fine. PC Joe Penhale's big brother Sam comes to Portwenn. Louisa moves in with an old man who wants to move to a nursing home but Martin refuses his request. The doctor is less than pleased when he hears the surgery needs to be re-decorated. Al Large goes to lengths in order to convince Pauline he is good enough for her.[9]

26
4
"Driving Mr. McIynn"
Minkie Spiro
Richard Stoneman
11 October 2009 (2009-10-11)
9.21

Dr. Martin Ellingham is called to Louisa's new home after she has a dizzy spell while shifting furniture. Martin urges her to slow down, but is shocked to learn that Louisa has applied to be her school's headteacher again, with the previous one getting porphyria and having to leave. Martin refuses an application to an elderly couple for a disabled parking badge when the wheelchair bound man refuses to prove he is indeed disabled, thus when Martin tries to gain proof anyway, he ends up stabbing the man in his hand with a surgical pin.[9]

27
5
"The Departed"
Minkie Spiro
Jack Lothian
18 October 2009 (2009-10-18)
9.49

Dr. Martin Ellingham is in London to meet Robert Dashwood, who is leading the selection process for the prestigious Imperial College London surgeon's job that Martin has applied for. Robert can tell that Martin is excited to be back in the world of surgery, and is pleased when Martin says he has finally conquered his debilitating blood phobia. Robert is confident that Martin will get the job. Meanwhile, a family sues Joan after she traps their highly troublesome child in her chicken coop, after which he develops a mysterious malaise.[9]

28
6
"Midwife Crisis"
Ben Bolt
Ben Bolt
25 October 2009 (2009-10-25)
9.23

Dr. Martin Ellingham meets Portwenn's new midwife, Molly, who will be looking after Louisa. Martin is dismissive of her profession and irritated by her prejudiced attitude towards him and by her insistence that men aren't needed to help pregnant women. Thus the two of them do not hit it off. In the meantime, Bert hires Marigold to work in the restaurant kitchen. She responds by bringing him game to use in the restaurant. Her husband Michael becomes deathly ill, Marigold shows some milder, but similar symptoms, and when Bert calls in Martin to look at Michael, the Doc finds spoiled roadkill (the very same game Marigold has been supplying Bert) in the kitchen cupboard. He determines that they both are suffering from toxoplasmosis from eating bad meat. [9]

29
7
"Do Not Disturb"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
1 November 2009 (2009-11-01)
9.95

Dr. Martin Ellingham seeks out Louisa to talk about his new surgeon's job at Imperial College London, but they are interrupted by Bert, who wants to plan a baby shower for Louisa. Joan opens up her house to the public as a B&B, and her first guest is an old friend with disgusting breath and a constipation issue. Martin and Pauline exchange angry words when she discovers a letter offering him a job at Imperial College London, with Martin incensed that she opened his mail in the first place.[9]

30
8
"The Wrong Goodbye"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
8 November 2009 (2009-11-08)
10.28

Dr. Martin Ellingham and Pauline are surprised by the number of patients coming to see him on the last day before his Surgery closes and he moves to London, but after a series of mishaps, including the taxi driver crashing his car with Louisa inside it, Louisa goes into labour and the Doc is facing a dilemma; should he move away or stick around to support Louisa and their newborn child?[9]

text: Series 5 (2011)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
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Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

31
1
"Preserve the Romance"
Ben Bolt
Ben Bolt
12 September 2011 (2011-09-12)
10.24

Curmudgeonly Martin Ellingham's plans to resume his career as a consultant in London are put on hold with the birth of the son he fathered with his now estranged partner, Louisa Glasson. At the surgery, new doctor Diana Dibbs is excited to begin work, but Martin begins to have serious doubts about her competence after she misdiagnoses patients, dishes out prescriptions for totally inappropriate drugs and advises patients to up dosages if problems persist. Pauline has left and got a job in Bristol, and replaced as receptionist by the new doctor's husband, much to Dr. Ellingham's shock. Later, Ellingham receives some devastating news: the day previously when driving over Bodmin Moor to visit Louisa in hospital with the new baby, Aunt Joan had a heart attack and died at the wheel of her parked car.

32
2
"Dry Your Tears"
Ben Bolt
Richard Stoneman
19 September 2011 (2011-09-19)
10.66

Determined to get to grips with fatherhood, Martin asks Louisa to move into his house so he can help to raise their son. He even suggests that Louisa and 'baby' could move to London with him. Louisa is none too sure about the move to London. Meanwhile, Aunt Joan's sister Ruth Ellingham turns up at Portwenn for Joan's funeral. Aunt Ruth is a doctor like Ellingham and his father Christopher, but she is a psychiatrist. Aunt Ruth, Aunt Joan, and Ellingham's father Chris were all siblings. Ellingham turns Joan's funeral into a medical warning. Aunt Ruth has no intentions of staying until Martin reveals that Aunt Joan's farm is all Ruth's.

33
3
"Born with a Shotgun"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
26 September 2011 (2011-09-26)
10.37

Ellingham has a new receptionist, Morwenna Newcross, an attractive teenage girl to replace Pauline. Morwenna fails to make a good impression on the doc by arriving late on her first day. Her grandfather William Winchelcy gives her some 'magic pills' to make sure she is on time, and bright as a button at work. Sleepless nights are taking their toll on Martin and Louisa. Tempers are frayed as they try to find ways to comfort their constantly wailing baby. Meanwhile, Aunt Ruth is dealing with an artistic intruder on the farm, Michael Dunwich, who has stolen the hub caps from her car and whose mother, Mrs Dunwich, is having mysterious abdominal and mental problems, and also believes her son is trying to poison her. Can Dr. Ellingham and Constable Penhale solve the mystery?

34
4
"Mother Knows Best"
Ben Bolt
Chris Hurford, Tom Butterworth
3 October 2011 (2011-10-03)
10.43

It's Portwenn Fun Day and the village is buzzing with excitement about this major fund raising event. PC Penhale is in his element rallying the runners and whipping up support. The event sparks culinary rivalry between Bert Large who runs Large's restaurant with son Al and Mark, the landlord of the Crab and Lobster pub. They are both keen to take advantage of the day to boost their takings by providing food for the runners and spectators. Also, Louisa's mother Eleanor (played by Louise Jameson) arrives unexpectedly, and Martin and Louisa find their son is sleeping through usual feeds until they find out her mother gave him some of her brew to calm him down.

35
5
"Remember Me"
Paul Seed
Jack Lothian
10 October 2011 (2011-10-10)
10.66

PC Joe Penhale has an unexpected visitor: his ex-wife Maggie, who appears to have completely forgotten that they split up a couple of years ago. Joe takes her to Large's restaurant, where fellow diner Martin quickly spots that Maggie is showing symptoms of amnesia. Louisa's mother Eleanor catches up with her old school friend Paul, a local fisherman, who takes her out on a date. Morwenna arrives at the surgery with an injured foot and the doctor grimaces at the sight of the blood as he treats the wound. Ellingham notices that Morwenna avoids having an injection and realises she is frightened of needles. PC Penhale warns Martin and Louisa that if they do not register a name for their son soon, the state will be forced to step in. In the end they name their son James Henry Ellingham.

36
6
"Don't Let Go"
Ben Bolt
Chris Hurford, Tom Butterworth
17 October 2011 (2011-10-17)
10.86

In an effort to get Maggie to stay in Portwenn after she gets the all-clear, PC Joe Penhale tries to prove that he is the man for her – and even engineers situations where he can show off his macho side to impress her. Maggie does eventually leave but she and PC Penhale part on good terms. Martin steps in when school caretaker Mr Coley becomes confused after breathing carbon monoxide and puts the children of the school at risk. Tensions mount between Martin and Louisa as they find themselves unable to agree on anything, from schooling for their son to what to have for dinner. Feeling that things will never change, not wanting to move to London and that Martin is incapable of showing affection Louisa takes James and moves in with her mother.

37
7
"Cats & Sharks"
Paul Seed
Richard Stoneman
24 October 2011 (2011-10-24)
10.92

Bert Large's restaurant business is in financial trouble. He can't even afford the food and drink for a charity event to raise money for Florence Dingle's cat sanctuary. Mrs Dingle is distraught. She desperately needs the money to continue to look after the cats and kittens in her care. Bert is also being chased by loan sharks Alastair Tonken and his son Norman for the repayment of £1,000 they gave him to clear his debts, warning of repercussions if he doesn't pay up. Mrs Tishell's infatuation for Martin increases, encouraged by his continued separation from Louisa. Martin, assisted by Morwenna, performs an emergency hernia operation on Louisa's mother Eleanor and saves her life when the ambulance's arrival is delayed.

38
8
"Ever After"
Ben Bolt
Jack Lothian
31 October 2011 (2011-10-31)
10.65

Mrs. Tishell discovers that she can no longer hide her infatuation with Dr. Ellingham and she decides that she must take drastic action, fuelled by a cocktail of drugs that are affecting her judgment. Martin asks her to look after James for the day. Mrs. Tishell mis-dispenses eyedrops to PC Penhale causing him to crash his Land Rover. Mrs. Tishell mistakenly thinks that Martin has sent her a covert message through a young couple he has treated and vanishes with James to a nearby holiday home. The drugs, for a few hours, cause her to think that James is her and Ellingham's son. Martin, Louisa, Aunt Ruth and PC Penhale chase after her. To coax her out of the locked house, Martin pretends to profess his love for Mrs Tishell and a desire to stay in Portwenn, while actually aiming his remarks at Louisa. James Henry is rescued, Martin and Louisa profess their love, kiss and reconcile.

text: Series 6 (2013)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

39
1
"Sickness and Health"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
2 September 2013 (2013-09-02)
9.51

Wedding bells are ringing for the Doc and Louisa. But will the marriage finally go ahead? The Doc is irritated by PC Penhale, who wrongly presumes he is best man, plus Louisa is late. The Reverend has his doubts as to whether she will turn up, putting Martin on edge. Meanwhile, Ruth is having a rough time looking after James. He refused to eat his dinner and he won't settle, crying continuously. To make matters worse, they have a power cut.

40
2
"Guess Who's Coming to Dinner?"
Nigel Cole
Ben Bolt
9 September 2013 (2013-09-09)
9.05

It is Louisa's first day back at school and their new child minder, Mel, is late for work. When Mel finally does arrive Martin is dubious about handing James over to this woman who is constantly scratching. Martin insists the new nanny have a medical appointment to diagnose the cause of the itch. Meanwhile, Ruth has been roped into doing a phone-in programme on Radio Portwenn with Caroline the DJ, and a listener called 'Cliff' phones in saying he finds it difficult to make friends.

41
3
"The Tameness of a Wolf"
Nigel Cole
Richard Stoneman
16 September 2013 (2013-09-16)
8.36

Two fishermen wake the Doc and Louisa at the crack of dawn - they found a man collapsed on the beach. Martin examines the mystery man. His name is Robert Campbell. When Robert realises the Doc is Dr Ellingham, he starts to probe Martin about his family. Meanwhile, It's Mike's first day looking after James. Louisa is frosty with him. When she gets to school she can't help but feel uneasy and sneaks back home to check up on Mike. Al rents Morwenna's spare room.

42
4
"Nobody Likes Me"
Paul Seed
Charlie Martin
23 September 2013 (2013-09-23)
8.89

Louisa wants Martin to engage more with James, so she arranges for him to take their baby to playgroup, where he has to pair up with a mother and daughter and sing songs. Meanwhile, Al signs up to a dating website, Bert is suspicious when he catches Jennifer in the bathroom with a needle, and Ruth moves into a cottage in the village, but soon has a spot of trouble with her grumpy new neighbour.

43
5
"The Practice Around the Corner"
Paul Seed
Julian Unthank
30 September 2013 (2013-09-30)
9.17

Mrs. Tishell returns to the village, and her affection for Martin quickly disappears when he refuses to pass her fit for work. As if he didn't have enough on his plate, Martin must also face his fear of blood when tests show that Lorna has a high level of ferritin, which is placing a strain on her heart and liver. Meanwhile, Penhale hopes to be selected for an elite police squad by taking part in a survival training course, which goes horribly wrong when he shoots himself in the foot.

44
6
"Hazardous Exposure"
Paul Seed
Charlie Martin
7 October 2013 (2013-10-07)
9.09

Bert pops the question to Jennifer, and Ruth finds fault with Al's business proposal. Hypochondriac Malcolm Rayner is struggling with his breathing and Martin asks him if he has ever worked with asbestos. Penhale then spreads pandemonium by putting up warning notices about the substance's harmful properties throughout the village.

45
7
"Listen with Mother"
Nigel Cole
Richard Stoneman
14 October 2013 (2013-10-14)
8.58

Mrs. Tishell finds herself falling in love with Martin all over again. Al receives a visit from two military policemen who are trying to track down Baby James's babysitter, Mike Pruddy. Martin becomes convinced that something is wrong with him following a conversation with his mother. The school sports day ends up in disaster, and Louisa's attempts at getting him to open up about the loss of his father prove futile.

46
8
"Departure"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
21 October 2013 (2013-10-21)
9.07

Louisa decides to leave for Spain with baby James and says an awkward goodbye to Martin, but when he finds the scan of her brain, he spots a malformation and realises she could suffer a haemorrhage if she gets on the plane. Will the doctor make it to the airport in time? Meanwhile, disaster strikes at Bert and Jennifer's engagement party.

text: Series 7 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
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series
Title
Directed by
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Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

47
1
"Rescue Me"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
7 September 2015 (2015-09-07)
6.64

With Louisa visiting her mother in Spain to get some perspective on their marriage, Martin knows he needs to try to change for the sake of their relationship, so he endeavours to keep his promise to her to see a therapist. Aunt Ruth arranges an appointment for him with Dr Rachel Timoney, but a lifeboat training exercise causes problems for the doctor.

48
2
"The Shock of the New"
Nigel Cole
Julian Unthank
14 September 2015 (2015-09-14)
7.33

Al welcomes his first fishing guests but an uninvited one means that a good review is definitely not guaranteed, while Bert decides to try to rejuvenate trade at the restaurant by joining an online voucher scheme. Morwenna asks Martin for a pay rise, and Louisa has to find a new babysitter to look after James Henry and reluctantly decides to offer Janice a trial. Penhale is excited to receive his new police issue Taser, but Portwenn does not exactly offer him plenty of opportunities to try it out.

49
3
"It's Good to Talk"
Nigel Cole
Charlie Martin & Jack Lothian
21 September 2015 (2015-09-21)
6.72

Martin decides to move out of the Surgery to give Louisa space, leaving Mrs Tishell concerned he will not be able to look after himself on his own. Penhale helps Janice babysit, and Al is very concerned when he finds out about Bert's behaviour and when he hears there are bailiffs at the restaurant.

50
4
"Education, Education, Education"
Charles Palmer
Richard Stoneman
28 September 2015 (2015-09-28)
8.26

Louisa and Martin have their first therapy session together - though neither of them was expecting they would be given homework. Morwenna is not amused when Peter Cronk, who is on work experience starts trying to boss her around in the surgery. Mrs Tishell is surprised when her husband Clive returns and tells her he wants to give things another go, and Louisa has to call Martin when one of her pupils collapses during a school excursion.

51
5
"Control-Alt-Delete"
Charles Palmer
Julian Unthank
5 October 2015 (2015-10-05)
8.06

Reaching breaking point with being followed around by Buddy, Martin resolves to find a vet to have the dog put down once and for all. Meanwhile, Ruth finds out that Bert has been trying to make his own whisky. Clive is suspicious of Mrs Tishell and who she might be cooking meals for, Penhale makes a hash of asking Janice out, and Louisa and Martin's therapy homework results in a picnic on the beach, where they are interrupted by local vet Angela Sim - who appears to be hallucinating.

52
6
"Other People's Children"
Ben Gregor
Julian Unthank
19 October 2015 (2015-10-19)
7.82

Louisa helps out her ex-boyfriend Danny when he brings seven children from London to camp on Ruth's farm - supervised by Al and Bert - while she and Martin plan a date on the advice of Dr Timoney. However, their night at the restaurant is interrupted when Danny calls saying one of the youngsters has gone missing. Things get worse for the couple when Martin uncovers a health scare at James's first birthday party that makes all the guests leave very quickly.

53
7
"Facta Non Verba"
Ben Gregor
Richard Stoneman
26 October 2015 (2015-10-26)
8.04

Louisa is not best pleased when her new art teacher Erica wants to try out some rather alternative ideas on the children, while Dr. Timoney is involved in a car accident outside the school. Penhale is confused when he is offered a transfer to Exeter, Bert decides to go back to being a handyman, and Louisa and Martin are intrigued when Dr. Timoney invites them for an additional therapy session.

54
8
"The Doctor Is Out"
Ben Gregor
Jack Lothian
2 November 2015 (2015-11-02)
8.03

Louisa worries Dr. Timoney's suggestion that she and Martin aren't meant to be together might have prompted him to leave Portwenn for good. Calling on Ruth, Morwenna and Janice for help, she tries to track down the missing GP, with no luck. However, what Dr. Ellingham's friends and family fail to realise is that he is actually trapped up at the Wilton farm, where desperate wife Annie is trying to coerce him into curing her seriously ill husband Jim. Meanwhile, Ruth and Bert offer Al a proposition regarding the whisky and the B&B.

text: Series 8 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
series
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
UK viewers
(millions) [4]

55
1
"Mysterious Ways"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
20 September 2017 (2017-09-20)
7.65

After successfully rekindling their relationship, Louisa and Martin are living together again, but Louisa finds herself juggling too many responsibilities at once. As Portwenn prepares for a wedding, Bert hopes to profit from the festivities.

56
2
"Sons and Lovers"
Nigel Cole
Richard Stoneman
27 September 2017 (2017-09-27)
7.23

With Janice's departure, Martin and Louisa need to find a day care for James, and they settle on Portwenn Tots. Ruth considers selling her farm, and Mrs. Tishell's pharmacy receives a new blood-pressure monitor.

57
3
"Farewell, My Lovely"
Nigel Cole
Julian Unthank
4 October 2017 (2017-10-04)
7.18

Louisa's stress is compounded when she must take a group of students on a sailing trip. Ruth's decision regarding the farm causes trouble for the Large family enterprises, and so Morwenna and Al throw an event to help save their business.

58
4
"Faith"
Stuart Orme
Colin Bateman
11 October 2017 (2017-10-11)
7.35

Morwenna's missionary parents pay her a surprise visit and are taken aback by her relationship with Al. As Louisa starts her new counseling course, Penhale investigates a break-in at the school, in which nothing was stolen.

59
5
"From the Mouths of Babes"
Stuart Orme
Andrew Rattenbury
18 October 2017 (2017-10-18)
7.62

With James teething, Martin and Louisa are desperate for more sleep. In an unusual display of mourning, Mrs. Tishell closes the pharmacy, inconveniencing everyone. Meanwhile, Al needs Bert's help to get the whisky business back on track.

60
6
"Accidental Hero"
Stuart Orme
Julian Unthank
25 October 2017 (2017-10-25)
7.26

Penhale decides to have a police open house to raise community awareness, but the turnout is not what he hoped for. James goes through a biting phase, and Morwenna leaves the surgery for a weekend away with Al.

61
7
"Blade on the Feather"
Nigel Cole
Richard Stoneman
1 November 2017 (2017-11-01)
7.25

Penhale and Morwenna participate in the annual gig race against another town. Louisa buys a new car, and Martin's blood phobia causes a disaster with a patient.

62
8
"All My Trials"
Nigel Cole
Jack Lothian
8 November 2017 (2017-11-08)
7.73

Martin stops practicing the week before his hearing, but patients continue to solicit his advice. An American tourist asks Mrs. Tishell for help, and Penhale commissions a bust of himself.

text: Series 9 (2018)[edit]

text: Home media release[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
DVD release

Region 1
Region 2
Region 4

1
6
12 June 2007[10]
31 October 2005[11]
TBA

2
8
28 July 2009[12]
3 April 2006[13]
TBA

TV Film
28 July 2009[12]
29 September 2008[14]
TBA

3
7
2 February 2010[15]
18 February 2008[16]
TBA

4
8
6 July 2010[17]
1 March 2010[18]
TBA

5
8
5 June 2012[citation needed]
5 March 2012[19]
TBA

6
8
10 December 2013[citation needed]
24 March 2014[citation needed]
TBA

7
8
8 December 2015[citation needed]
16 November 2015[20]
TBA

8
8
12 December 2017[citation needed]
13 November 2017[21]
TBA