document_title: Bob's Burgers (season 8)

question_text: how many episodes in bobs burgers season 8

text: Bob's Burgers (season 8)

text:
Bob's Burgers (season 8)

Promotional poster

Country of origin
United States

No. of episodes
21

Release

Original network
Fox

Original release
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01) – May 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)

Season chronology

← Previous
Season 7

List of Bob's Burgers episodes

text: The eighth season of the animated comedy series Bob's Burgers began airing on Fox in the United States on October 1, 2017, and concluded on May 20, 2018.[1]

text: On October 7, 2015, the series was renewed for an eighth production cycle, which premiered during the eighth broadcast season.[2]

text: The season features guest appearances from Adam Driver, Jack McBrayer, Thomas Middleditch, Fred Savage and Vanessa Bayer.[3][4][5]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
Prod.
code
U.S. viewers
(millions)

130
1
"Brunchsquatch"
Mauricio Pardo & Ian Hamilton
Lizzie Molyneux & Wendy Molyneux
October 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)
7ASA14
2.93[6]

In this episode inspired by actual fan-art of the Bob's Burgers characters, the Belcher kids want a dog, but Bob and Linda refuse. After seeing Jimmy Pesto serve brunch at his restaurant, Bob decides to do the same thing at Bob's Burgers, but Linda overdoes it with the serving of the mimosas. Meanwhile, the kids hide Felix from Mr. Fischoeder.

131
2
"The Silence of the Louise"
Chris Song
Greg Thompson
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
7ASA09
2.43[7]

Louise teams up with the psychotic Millie to find out who mutilated Mr. Frond's therapy dolls. Meanwhile, Teddy attempts to make an inspirational poster.

132
3
"The Wolf of Wharf Street"
Mauricio Pardo
Lizzie Molyneux & Wendy Molyneux
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
7ASA07
3.02[8]

On Halloween, Linda takes the kids out to search for a wolf that may have been scaring the townspeople. Meanwhile, an injured Bob thinks that Teddy might be a werewolf.

133
4
"Sit Me Baby One More Time"
Brian Loschiavo
Nora Smith
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05)
7ASA08
2.89[9]

Tina's babysitting business gets derailed when her longtime nemesis, Tammy, is forced to work with her. Meanwhile, the other Belchers have dinner at a restaurant known for its burgers.

134
5
"Thanks-Hoarding"
Tyree Dillihay
Jon Schroeder
November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19)
7ASA15
2.37[10]

The Belchers agree to help out Teddy after his family announces that they will be coming over for Thanksgiving. During the preparation, the Belchers discover that Teddy is secretly a hoarder.

135

136
6

7
"The Bleakening: Parts 1 & 2"
Brian Loschiavo

Chris Song
Steven Davis

Kelvin Yu
December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10)
7ASA16

7ASA17
3.17[11]

In this hour-long musical Christmas episode, Linda decides to throw a festive party at the restaurant, but someone steals Linda's Christmas tree and her ornaments. The kids suspect it might be a character from a folk tale told to them by Teddy.

137
8
"V for Valentine-detta"
Ian Hamilton
Lizzie Molyneux & Wendy Molyneux
January 14, 2018 (2018-01-14)
7ASA22
4.76[12]

On Valentine's Day, Tina gets her heart broken, so Linda and Louise attempt to cheer her up by taking her on a girls' limo night out. Meanwhile, Bob and Gene become closer than ever when they attempt to perform a trapeze act.

138
9
"Y Tu Ga-Ga Tambien"
Brian Loschiavo
Scott Jacobson
March 11, 2018 (2018-03-11)
7ASA12
1.84[13]

Gene disapproves of a new playground game, which throws the school into chaos. Meanwhile, Linda develops a storyteller persona when she fills in at the local library.

139
10
"The Secret Ceramics Room of Secrets"
Tyree Dillihay
Dan Fybel
March 18, 2018 (2018-03-18)
7ASA19
1.72[14]

The kids set out to find a secret ceramics room in their school, after Linda tells them to make their own gifts for her mother's birthday. Meanwhile, Teddy moves his phone repair service into the restaurant, much to Bob's annoyance.

140
11
"Sleeping with the Frenemy"
Brian Loschiavo
Greg Thompson
March 25, 2018 (2018-03-25)
7ASA20
1.74[15]

Tina sets Tammy up with Brett, a boy from out of town, after she allows Tammy to stay with the Belchers during Spring Break. Meanwhile, Gene loses his last baby tooth, so he and Bob enlist Dr. Yap's help in finding a replacement to complete Linda's teeth collection.

141
12
"The Hurt Soccer"
Damon Wong
Rachel Hastings
April 1, 2018 (2018-04-01)
7ASA23
1.54[16]

After forgetting that they signed up Louise for a soccer league, the Belchers must help her prepare to play in the season's last game. Meanwhile, Linda and Gene seize an opportunity to turn the restaurant into a piano bar.

142
13
"Cheer Up, Sleepy Gene"
Tyree Dillihay
Story by : H. Jon Benjamin & Holly Schlesinger
Teleplay by : Holly Schlesinger
April 8, 2018 (2018-04-08)
7ASA10
1.74[17]

Gene gets invited to his first sleepover, and things do not go as planned. Meanwhile, Bob and Linda record themselves while sleeping to prove who snores more.

143
14
"The Trouble with Doubles"
Ian Hamilton
Holly Schlesinger
April 15, 2018 (2018-04-15)
7ASA18
1.83[18]

When Bob and Linda go on a double date with another couple, they all end up getting trapped in an escape room. Meanwhile, at the Belcher house, Louise hosts a zombie movie night, and Tina has to take charge when everyone else gets scared of the zombies.

144
15
"Go Tina on the Mountain"
Tyree Dillihay
Rich Rinaldi
April 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)
8ASA01
1.66[19]

The kids, at Tina's suggestion, go on a team building field trip, but, due to the rain, it does not turn out as Tina thought it would be. Meanwhile, with no kids in the house, Bob and Linda attempt to recapture their romantic spark, but end up falling asleep.

145
16
"Are You There Bob? It's Me, Birthday"
Tyree Dillihay
Kelvin Yu
April 29, 2018 (2018-04-29)
8ASA04
1.91[20]

The family forgets Bob's birthday, and attempt to make it up to him with a surprise party. Hugo and Ron distract Bob by taking him with them on their health inspection run.

146
17
"Boywatch"
Mauricio Pardo
Rich Rinaldi
May 6, 2018 (2018-05-06)
7ASA11
1.56[21]

Tina signs up to be a junior lifeguard just to meet boys. Meanwhile, Bob and Linda decide to allow their customers to use their WiFi, but Sgt. Bosco does an undercover sting operation to find a hacker in their restaurant.

147
18
"As I Walk Through the Alley of the Shadow of Ramps"
Chris Song
Scott Jacobson
May 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)
8ASA02
1.56[22]

Louise starts a turf war with a crazy food truck driver. Meanwhile, Linda keeps discouraging Gayle from quitting her new job.

148
19
"Mo Mommy, Mo Problems"
Ian Hamilton
Steven Davis
May 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)
8ASA03
1.88[22]

On Mother’s Day, Linda convinces the family to attend open houses for free food, but starts to feel bad when she realizes she’s cheating the newly mothered realtor. Meanwhile, the kids discover an old woman upset about her son trying to sell her house.

149
20
"Mission Impos-slug-ble"
Chris Song
Nora Smith
May 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)
7ASA21
1.65[23]

After Tina snitches on Louise and gets her trading cards confiscated by Ms. LaBonz, the kids sneak to her house to reobtain them.

150
21
"Something Old, Something New, Something Bob Caters for You"
Chris Song
Jon Schroeder
May 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)
8ASA05
1.62[23]

A couple who met at the restaurant asks Bob to cater for their wedding, but everything goes wrong. Meanwhile, Linda is shocked the couple is marrying after only three months, and the kids have a photobombing contest.


document_title: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

question_text: where did they film the new jumanji movie

root

text: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1996 in Brantford, New Hampshire, teenager Alex Vreeke receives the Jumanji board game which was found by his father on a beach after it was thrown over a bridge by Alan Parrish and Sarah Whittle 27 years earlier. Alex sets the game aside. That night, it transforms into a video game cartridge which catches Alex's attention when he is awakened by the Jumanji drums and he is transported into the game.

tag: p

text: Twenty years later, in 2016, four Brantford High School students serve detention: Spencer Gilpin, caught writing an essay for former friend Anthony "Fridge" Johnson (also in detention); Bethany Walker, who made a video call during an English-class quiz and Martha Kaply, who refused to participate in gym class. They are sent to the school basement to prepare magazines for recycling and to think about their future. Fridge discovers Alex's discarded video-game system when he explores the basement, and he and Spencer set up the game. Although it has five playable characters, the first one cannot be selected. Spencer and Fridge choose two characters, and the girls choose their own. When Spencer presses "Start", they are transported into the game.

text: They are in a jungle, in the forms of their game avatars. Spencer is tough, muscular explorer and archaeologist Smolder Bravestone; Fridge is diminutive zoologist Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, whom he chose after misreading "Mouse" as "Moose"; Bethany is chubby male cartographer and intellectual Sheldon "Shelly" Oberon (whose nickname she mistook for a woman's), and Martha is beautiful commando and martial arts expert Ruby Roundhouse. They each have three lives; Spencer deduces that if they lose all three, they really die.

text: They learn the game's story from NPC Nigel: corrupt archeologist Russel Van Pelt stole the Jaguar's Eye (a magic jewel) from its shrine, cursing Jumanji. Nigel escaped Van Pelt with the jewel, and the players must return it to a jaguar statue and call "Jumanji" to lift the curse. Nigel warns them that Van Pelt will stop at nothing to retrieve the jewel, which gives him control of Jumanji's animals. They begin tackling the game's increasingly-difficult "levels", losing lives as they do so. The four are rescued by Alex (the missing fifth player, whose avatar is pilot Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough). Taking shelter in a jungle house built by Alan Parrish, Alex believes that he has been in the game for a few months and is distressed to learn that it is really twenty years. The newcomers vow to help him return home. They break into a transportation shed, commandeering a helicopter to fly to the jaguar statue and return the jewel, but Fridge drops the jewel into a herd of white rhinoceros. Spencer uses one of Fridge's lives, pushing him out of the helicopter as a distraction, and retrieves the jewel. Alex loses his last life when a mosquito bites him, but Bethany performs CPR and transfers one of her lives to him.

text: At the statue, the players are surrounded by a pack of jaguars and Van Pelt's forces. They outmaneuver their opposition while Spencer and Martha race to the statue. Van Pelt confronts Martha (trapped in a pit of mambas) and demands the jewel, but she sacrifices one of her lives to re-spawn and get it to Spencer. With the players on their last lives, they end the game with Van Pelt disintegrating into a bunch of rats and return to the real world; Nigel bids them farewell, but Alex does not appear with them. They find the formerly-dilapidated Vreeke home restored and decorated for a Christmas family gathering. An adult Alex arrives, returning to where he left off in 1996. Now married with children, he named his eldest daughter after Bethany out of gratitude for saving his life and introduces them to his infant son, Andy.

text: Spencer and Fridge reconcile, Bethany begins caring for others than herself and plans a summer backpacking adventure, Martha and Spencer become romantically involved and the four are now friends after their experiences in the game. When they hear Jumanji's drumbeats, they bring the game behind the school and Fridge destroys it with a bowling ball (also found in detention) to prevent anyone from playing it again.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Dwayne Johnson as Smolder Bravestone, an Indiana Jones-like archaeologist and explorer who is Spencer's avatar; he is the leader of his team.
Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin, a nerdy gamer at Brantford High School. Panphobic; his experience as Smolder Bravestone helps him cope with his anxiety and develop assertiveness.
Jack Black as Sheldon "Shelly" Oberon, a cartographer, cryptographer, archaeologist, and paleontologist who is Bethany's avatar.
Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker, a pretty, popular, self-centered teenage girl at Brantford High School
Kevin Hart as Franklin "Mouse" Finbar, a zoologist and weapons specialist who is Fridge's avatar.
Ser'Darius Blain as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson, a Brantford High School football jock coasting on his athletic prowess who cares more about dating than studying.
Karen Gillan as Ruby Roundhouse, a Lara Croft-like commando, martial artist, and dance fighter who is Martha's avatar.
Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, a shy and cynical intellectual at Brantford High School who believes that physical education is needless and dislikes popular peers like Bethany and Fridge
Nick Jonas as Jefferson "Seaplane" McDonough, a young aircraft pilot in Jumanji who is Alex Vreeke's avatar[8]
Mason Guccione as Alex Vreeke, a teenage gamer who played (and was trapped inside) the Jumanji video game for 20 years. Colin Hanks plays the adult Alex when he appears 20 years later.

tag: ul

text: Game[edit]

text:
Bobby Cannavale as Russel Van Pelt, a former archeologist-turned-mercenary and an enemy of Smolder Bravestone. He tries to retrieve the Jaguar's Eye, whose power possesses him.
Rhys Darby as Nigel Billingsley, the main guide
William Tokarsky as a food vendor
Rohan Chand as a young guide at the bazaar

text: Reality[edit]

text:
Marc Evan Jackson as Principal Bentley, who makes Spencer, Bethany, Fridge, and Martha clean up the basement as part of their detention
Carlease Burke as Miss Mathers, Spencer and Fridge's U.S. History teacher
Sean Buxton as Alex's father, who discovered the Jumanji game
Tim Matheson (uncredited) as Old Man Vreeke, the older Alex's father. His narration at the beginning of the film implies that seeing his son teleported into the game had traumatized him. After Alex's return to 1996 alters history, he is a happy family man and grandfather.
Maribeth Monroe as Bethany's English teacher
Missi Pyle as Coach Webb, Martha's gym teacher
Kat Altman as Lucinda, Bethany's friend

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In July 2012, rumors circulated that a remake of Jumanji was in development. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Columbia Pictures president Doug Belgrad said: "We're going to try and reimagine Jumanji and update it for the present."[9] On August 1, 2012, it was confirmed that Matthew Tolmach would produce the new version with William Teitler (who produced the original film).[10]

text: In August 2015, Sony Pictures Entertainment announced that the film was scheduled for release on December 25, 2016.[11] Online reception to the news was negative, with some saying that the announcement came too soon after the August 2014 death of Robin Williams (who played Alan Parrish in the original film).[12][13] The announcement was criticized by Bradley Pierce (who played Peter Shepherd in Jumanji) and by E! News, which called the remake "unnecessary and kind of insulting".[14][15] On October 23, 2015 Scott Rosenberg was hired to rewrite the script for the film, whose production was a high priority for the studio.[16] On January 14, 2016, Deadline Hollywood reported that Jake Kasdan had been hired to direct the film from a script by Rosenberg and Jeff Pinkner based on a draft by original writers Chris McKenna and Erik Sommers.[17]

text:
On April 15, Variety reported that Dwayne Johnson and Kevin Hart were in early talks to star in the film (although both actors had other projects).[18] Later in the month, Johnson confirmed his casting on Instagram.[19] In July, it was reported that Nick Jonas had joined the film's cast with Johnson, Hart, and Jack Black.[20] The following month, Johnson said that the film would not be a reboot but a continuation of the 1995 film;[21] Karen Gillan was announced as part of the cast.[22] On September 20, Ser'Darius Blain was cast as Anthony "Fridge" Johnson and Madison Iseman as Bethany Walker. Two days later, Rhys Darby was cast as Nigel Billingsley, Morgan Turner as Martha Kaply, and Alex Wolff as Spencer Gilpin.[23][24][25] In November 2016, Bobby Cannavale announced his casting in the film,[26] and in December 2016, Tim Matheson joined the cast as Old Man Vreeke.[27]
Although James Newton Howard was originally signed to compose the film's score,[28] he was replaced by Henry Jackman when the film's release date was postponed six months.[1]

text: In March 2017, during CinemaCon, it was announced that the film's complete title was Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle. Its plot involved teenagers cleaning out a school's basement who find a vintage video-game version of Jumanji and are sucked into the first film’s jungle setting. Although fans debated whether the film was a sequel or a reboot, the second trailer (released on September 20, 2017) indicated that the sequel is set twenty-one years after the first.

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography began on September 19, 2016, in Honolulu, Hawaii,[18][29] primarily at the Kualoa Ranch nature reserve.[30] The film wrapped on December 8 in Atlanta, Georgia.[31]

text: Release[edit]

text: In August 2015, Sony gave the film a release date of December 25, 2016.[32] Since filming did not begin until September 2016, the release was pushed back to July 28 and then to December 20, 2017.[2]

text: On November 29, 2017, it was announced that Amazon Prime members in the United States would have early access to tickets for a December 8 screening of the film at select Regal, National Amusements, ArcLight Cinemas and AMC theaters.[33] The screenings sold out at 1,200 theaters and earned $1.9 million.[34] The film was released on IMAX 2D on January 12, 2018.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle was released on Digital HD on March 6, 2018 and on DVD, Blu-ray and 4K Ultra HD Blu-ray on March 20, although the film was still in theatres. The Blu-ray and digital versions include two additional featurettes: “Surviving the Jungle: Spectacular Stunts!” and “Book to Board Game to Big Screen & Beyond! Celebrating The Legacy of Jumanji.”[35]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of  April 15, 2018[update], Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle has grossed $404 million in the United States and Canada and $550.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $954.6 million.[5] On April 10, 2018, the film passed Spider-Man ($403,706,375) to become Sony's highest-grossing film domestically. Deadline Hollywood calculated its net profit as $305.7 million when factoring all expenses and revenues, making it 2017's fourth-most-profitable release.[36]

text: In the U.S. and Canada, the film was released on December 20, 2017 with The Greatest Showman and was projected to gross about $60 million from 3,765 theaters in its six-day opening weekend; the studio predicted a $45 million debut.[37][38] It earned $7.2 million on its first day and $7.6 million on its second day. Over the three-day weekend, the film grossed $36.2 million (for a six-day total of $71.9 million), finishing second at the box office behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi.[4] Its earnings increased to $50.1 million during its second weekend, again finishing in second place at the box office.[39] The 38.4-percent weekend-to-weekend increase was the fourth-largest for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters; The Greatest Showman set the record for best hold the same weekend.[40][41] The film passed Star Wars: The Last Jedi for the top spot the following weekend, declining 28.1 percent to $36 million,[42] and finished first again the following week with $28.1 million (and a total of $35.2 million over the four-day MLK weekend).[43] Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle remained atop the box office for its third weekend, earning $19.5 million.[44]

text: It again topped the box office the following week with $20 million, despite the release of 12 Strong and Den of Thieves.[45] The film continued to do well the following week, dropping 16 percent (to $16.4 million) and finishing second to Maze Runner: The Death Cure,[46] before regaining the top spot the following weekend with $11.1 million.[47]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 76% based on 186 reviews, and an average rating of 6.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle uses a charming cast and a humorous twist to offer an undemanding yet solidly entertaining update on its source material."[48] On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, the film has a normalized score of 58 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews."[49] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A–" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave it an 84% overall positive score.[4]

text: Dave White of TheWrap praised the cast and called the film a pleasant surprise: "Jumanji: Welcome to The Jungle is the Christmas tentpole release that aims to please and succeeds, a funny family entertainment product that subverts more expectations than it was obligated to contractually".[50] David Ehrlich of IndieWire gave the film a C grade, calling it unnecessary but mildly amusing: "Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle is further proof that even the stalest whiff of brand recognition has become preferable to originality. Only part of the blame for that belongs to the studios but after cannibalizing themselves for much of the last 20 years, Hollywood has clearly eaten their way down to the crumbs".[51] For Variety, Owen Gleiberman wrote: "Excitement! Suspense! Childlike innocence! Ingeniously staged action set pieces! These are a few of the things you will not find, anywhere, in Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle ... It's supposed to be a board game come to life but really, it's just a bored game."[52]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Date of ceremony

Category

Recipient(s) and nominee(s)

Result

Ref.

Kids Choice Awards

March 2018

Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Movie

Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

Won

[53]

Kids Choice Awards for Favorite Actor

Dwayne Johnson

Won

Kevin Hart

Nominated

Saturn Awards

June 2018

Best Fantasy Film

Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle

Pending

[54]

tag: table

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Dwayne Johnson, Jack Black and Nick Jonas discussed Jumanji 3's plot in interviews, including the possibility of the film's exploring the origins of the game. According to Karen Gillan, the alternate ending of Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle would have left the door open for another installment.[55][56][57][58] In February 2018 it was announced that Kasdan would direct the sequel, with Rosenberg and Pinkner again writing the script and Johnson, Hart, Black and Gillan reprising their roles.[59]


document_title: The Prince of Egypt

question_text: who plays aaron in the prince of egypt

question_tokens: who plays aaron in the prince of egypt

text: The Prince of Egypt

text: Plot[edit]

text: In Ancient Egypt, Yocheved and her two young children, Miriam and Aaron, watch as the newborn Hebrew boys are taken and ruthlessly killed as ordered by Pharaoh Seti, who fears that an alarming increase of Hebrew slaves could lead to rebellion. Fearing for her own newborn son's safety, Yocheved places him in a basket afloat on the Nile River, not before bidding him farewell with a final but powerful lullaby. Miriam follows the basket as it sails to the Pharaoh's palace and witnesses her baby brother safely adopted by Seti's wife Queen Tuya, who names him Moses.

text: Years later, Moses and his now brother Rameses, son of Pharaoh Seti, are scolded by their father for accidentally destroying a temple during one of their youthful misadventures. At Moses' suggestion, Seti, seeking to give Rameses the opportunity to prove that he is a responsible young man, names him Prince Regent and gives him authority over Egypt's temples. As a tribute, the high priests Hotep and Huy offer him a beautiful young Midianite woman, Tzipporah, whom Rameses gives to Moses, appointing him Royal Chief Architect.

text: Later that night, Moses follows Tzipporah as she escapes from the palace, and runs into the now-adult Miriam and Aaron, but he does not recognize them. Miriam then sings her mother's lullaby, which Moses remembers; however, he returns to the palace, eager to go back to familiar surroundings. The truth about his past is later confirmed by a nightmare, and finally by Seti himself, who disturbs Moses by claiming the Hebrews were "only slaves". The next day, Moses accidentally pushes an Egyptian guard to his death while trying to stop him from whipping an elderly Hebrew slave. Horrified and ashamed, Moses flees into the desert in exile, despite Rameses' pleas that he stay.

text: While in the desert Moses defends three young girls from brigands, only to find out their older sister is Tzipporah herself. Moses is welcomed by Tzipporah's father and the high priest of Midian, Jethro. After assimilating into this new culture, Moses becomes a shepherd and marries Tzipporah. One day, while chasing a stray lamb, Moses discovers a burning bush through which God tells him to go back to Egypt and guide the Hebrew slaves to freedom. God bestows Moses' shepherding staff with his power and promises that he will tell Moses what to say. Moses and Tzipporah return to Egypt, where Moses is happily greeted by Rameses, who is now Pharaoh.

text: When Moses requests the Hebrews release and changes his staff into an Egyptian cobra to demonstrate his alliance with God, Hotep and Huy boastfully recreate this transformation, only to have their snakes eaten by Moses' snake. Rather than be persuaded, Rameses hardens and doubles the Hebrews workload. Moses inflicts nine of the Plagues of Egypt, but still Rameses refuses to relent and, against Moses' warning (foreshadowing the final plague), vows never to release the Hebrews slaves. Disheartened, Moses prepares the Hebrews for the tenth and final plague, instructing them to sacrifice a lamb and mark the doorposts with the lamb's blood. That night, the final plague kills all the firstborn children of Egypt, including Rameses' son, while sparing those of the Hebrews. A grief-stricken Rameses finally gives Moses permission to free the Hebrews. After leaving the palace, Moses collapses weeping with grief, heartbroken at the pain he has caused his brother and Egypt.

text: The following morning, the Hebrews leave Egypt, led by Moses, Miriam, Aaron, and Tzipporah. At the Red Sea, they discover that a vengeful Rameses is pursuing them with his army, intent on killing them. However, a writhing pillar of fire blocks the army's way, while Moses uses his staff to part the sea. The Hebrews cross the open sea bottom; after that, the fire vanishes and the army gives chase, but the water closes over and drowns the Egyptian soldiers, sparing Rameses alone. Moses sadly bids farewell to his brother and leads the Hebrews to Mount Sinai, where he receives the Ten Commandments.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Val Kilmer as Moses, a Jew who was adopted by Pharaoh Seti I and Queen Tuya.
Val Kilmer also provides the uncredited voice of God
Amick Byram provides Moses' singing voice.
Ralph Fiennes as Ramesses II, Moses' brother and eventual successor to his father Seti.
Michelle Pfeiffer as Tzipporah, Jethro's oldest daughter and Moses' wife.
Sandra Bullock as Miriam, Aaron's sister, Moses' biological sister.
Sally Dworsky provides Miriam's singing voice.
Eden Riegel provides the voice of a younger Miriam.
Jeff Goldblum as Aaron, Miriam's brother, Moses' biological brother.
Danny Glover as Jethro, Tzipporah's father and Midian's high priest.
Brian Stokes Mitchell provides Jethro's singing voice.
Patrick Stewart as Seti, Rameses' and Moses' father,  the first Pharaoh in the film.
Helen Mirren as Tuya, Seti's wife, Rameses' and Moses' mother.
Linda Dee Shayne provides Tuya's singing voice.
Steve Martin as Hotep, one of the high priests who serves as advisor to Seti, and later Rameses.
Martin Short as Huy, Hotep's fellow high priest.
Ofra Haza as Yocheved, the mother of Miriam and Aaron and birth mother of Moses. She also sang her character's number, "Deliver Us", in seventeen other languages for the film's dubbing[8])
Bobby Motown as Ramses' son

text: Director Brenda Chapman briefly voices Miriam when she sings the lullaby to Moses. The vocals had been recorded for a scratch audio track, which was intended to be replaced later by Sally Dworsky. The track turned out so well that it remained in the film.[citation needed]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: Former Disney chairman Jeffrey Katzenberg had always wanted to do an animated adaptation of The Ten Commandments. While working for The Walt Disney Company, Katzenberg suggested this idea to Michael Eisner, but he refused. The idea for the film was brought back at the formation of DreamWorks SKG in 1994, when Katzenberg's partners, Amblin Entertainment founder Steven Spielberg, and music producer David Geffen, were meeting in Spielberg's living room.[9] Katzenberg recalls that Spielberg looked at him during the meeting and said, "You ought to do The Ten Commandments."[9]

text: The Prince of Egypt was "written" throughout the story process. Beginning with a starting outline, Story Supervisors Kelly Asbury and Lorna Cook led a team of fourteen storyboard artists and writers as they sketched out the entire film — sequence by sequence. Once the storyboards were approved, they were put into the Avid Media Composer digital editing system by editor Nick Fletcher to create a "story reel" or animatic. The story reel allowed the filmmakers to view and edit the entire film in continuity before production began, and also helped the layout and animation departments understand what is happening in each sequence of the film.[10]  After casting of the voice talent concluded, dialogue recording sessions began. For the film, the actors record individually in a studio under guidance by one of the three directors. The voice tracks were to become the primary aspect as to which the animators built their performances.[10] Because DreamWorks was concerned about theological accuracy, Jeffrey Katzenberg decided to call in Biblical scholars, Christian, Jewish and Muslim theologians, and Arab American leaders to help his film be more accurate and faithful to the original story. After previewing the developing film, all these leaders noted that the studio executives listened and responded to their ideas, and praised the studio for reaching out for comment from outside sources.[9]

text: Design and animation[edit]

text: Art directors Kathy Altieri and Richard Chavez and Production Designer Darek Gogol led a team of nine visual development artists in setting a visual style for the film that was representative of the time, the scale and the architectural style of Ancient Egypt.[10] Part of the process also included the research and collection of artwork from various artists, as well as taking part in trips such as a two-week journey across Egypt by the filmmakers before the film's production began.[10]

text: Character Designers Carter Goodrich, Carlos Grangel and Nicolas Marlet worked on setting the design and overall look of the characters. Drawing on various inspirations for the widely known characters, the team of character designers worked on designs that had a more realistic feel than the usual animated characters up to that time.[10] Both character design and art direction worked to set a definite distinction between the symmetrical, more angular look of the Egyptians versus the more organic, natural look of the Hebrews and their related environments.[10] The Backgrounds department, headed by supervisors Paul Lasaine and Ron Lukas, oversaw a team of artists who were responsible for painting the sets/backdrops from the layouts. Within the film, approximately 934 hand-painted backgrounds were created.[10]

text: The animation team for The Prince of Egypt, including 350 artists from 34 different nations, was primarily recruited both from Walt Disney Feature Animation,[11] which had fallen under Katzenberg's auspices while at The Walt Disney Company, and from Amblimation, a defunct division of Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment.[12] As at Disney's, character animators were grouped into teams by character: for example, Kristof Serrand, as the supervising animator of Older Moses, set the acting style of the character and assigned scenes to his team.[13] Consideration was given to depicting the ethnicities of the ancient Egyptians, Hebrews, and Nubians properly.[14]

text: There are 1,192 scenes in the film, and 1,180 contain work done by the special effects department, which animates everything in an animated scene which is not a character: blowing wind, dust, rainwater, shadows, etc. A blend of traditional animation and computer-generated imagery was used in the depictions of the ten plagues of Egypt and the parting of the Red Sea.[9][15] The animated characters were digitally inked and paint software using Cambridge Systems' Animo software system (now merged with Toon Boom),[16] and the compositing of the 2D and 3D elements was done using the "Exposure Tool", a digital solution developed for DreamWorks by Silicon Graphics.[15][17]

text: Creating the voice of God[edit]

text: The task of creating God's voice was given to Lon Bender and the team working with the film's music composer, Hans Zimmer.[18] "The challenge with that voice was to try to evolve it into something that had not been heard before," says Bender. "We did a lot of research into the voices that had been used for past Hollywood movies as well as for radio shows, and we were trying to create something that had never been previously heard not only from a casting standpoint but from a voice manipulation standpoint as well. The solution was to use the voice of actor Val Kilmer to suggest the kind of voice we hear inside our own heads in our everyday lives, as opposed to the larger than life tones with which God has been endowed in prior cinematic incarnations."[18] Although, in The Ten Commandments (1956 film), Charlton Heston, who played Moses, also provided the voice of God.

text: Music[edit]

text: Composer and lyricist Stephen Schwartz began working on writing songs for the film from the beginning of its production. As the story evolved, he continued to write songs that would serve both to entertain and help move the story along. Composer Hans Zimmer arranged and produced the songs and then eventually wrote the film's score. The film's score was recorded entirely in London, England.[10]

text: Three soundtrack albums were released simultaneously for The Prince of Egypt, each of them aimed towards a different target audience. While the other two accompanying records, the country-themed "Nashville" soundtrack and the gospel-based "Inspirational" soundtrack, functioned as film tributes, the official The Prince of Egypt soundtrack contained the actual songs from the film.[19] This album combines elements from the score composed by Hans Zimmer and film songs by Stephen Schwartz.[19] The songs were either voiced over by professional singers, such as Salisbury Cathedral Choir, or sung by the film's voice actors, such as Michelle Pfeiffer and Ofra Haza. Various tracks by contemporary artists such as K-Ci & JoJo and Boyz II Men were added, including the Mariah Carey and Whitney Houston duet "When You Believe", a Babyface rewrite of the original Schwartz composition, sung by Michelle Pfeiffer and Sally Dworsky in the film.

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
"Deliver Us" – Ofra Haza, Eden Riegel, and Chorus
"River Lullaby" - Brenda Chapman
"All I Ever Wanted" – Amick Byram
"All I Ever Wanted (Queen's Reprise)" – Linda Dee Shayne
"Through Heaven's Eyes" – Brian Stokes Mitchell
"Playing with the Big Boys" – Steve Martin and Martin Short
"The Plagues" – Byram, Ralph Fiennes, and Chorus
"When You Believe" – Sally Dworsky, Michelle Pfeiffer, and Chorus

tag: ol

text: Release[edit]

text: The Prince of Egypt had its premiere at the UCLA's Royce Hall on December 16, 1998,[2] with its wide release occurring two days later.[5] Despite being the inaugural production by DreamWorks Animation, it wound up the second to get a theatrical release, as Antz was rushed to reach theatres in September.[20] The international release occurred simultaneously with that of the United States, as according to DreamWorks' distribution chief Jim Tharp, opening one week prior to the "global holiday" of Christmas, audiences all over the world would be available at the same time.[21]

text: The accompanying marketing campaign was aimed to appeal to adults, usually averse to animated films. Merchandising was limited to a line of collectable figures and books.[22] Wal-Mart served as a promotional partner and offered in stores a package featuring two tickets to The Prince of Egypt, a storybook and the film's soundtrack.[23]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The Prince of Egypt was released on DVD and VHS on September 14, 1999.[24] The ownership of the film was assumed by DreamWorks Animation when that company split from DreamWorks Pictures in 2004; as of July 2018, the rights to the film are now owned by Universal Pictures via its acquisition of DWA. As with the rest of the DreamWorks Animation catalog, it is available for streaming on Netflix in HD.[25] However, both the DVD release and the streaming versions used a 35mm print of the film, rather than using the original files to encode the movie directly to digital. A Blu-ray release is scheduled for October 16, 2018.[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office performance[edit]

text: On its opening weekend, the film grossed $14.5 million for a $4,658 average from 3,118 theaters, earning second place at the box office, behind You've Got Mail. Due to the holiday season, the film gained 4% in its second weekend, earning $15.1 million and finishing in fourth place. It had a $4,698 average from 3,218 theaters. It would hold well in its third weekend, with only a 25% drop to $11,244,612 for a $3,511 average from 3,202 theaters and once again finishing in fourth place. The film closed on May 27, 1999 after earning $101.4 million in the United States and Canada with an additional $117.2 million overseas for a worldwide total of $218.6 million. The Prince of Egypt was the second non-Disney animated feature to gross over $100 million in the U.S. after Paramount/Nickelodeon's The Rugrats Movie. It remained the top-grossing non-Disney animated film until being surpassed by the 2000 stop-motion film Chicken Run, also distributed by DreamWorks, and remained the highest-grossing traditionally animated non-Disney film until 2007, when it was out-grossed by 20th Century Fox's The Simpsons Movie.[27]

text:
The Prince of Egypt box office revenue

Source
Gross (USD)
% Total
All Time Rank (Unadjusted)

United States and Canada

$101.4 million[5]

46.4%

398[5]

Foreign

$117.2 million[5]

53.6%

–

Worldwide

$218.6 million[5]

100.0%

319[5]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The film has a rating of 79% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 84 reviews, with a weighted average score of 7/10. The site's consensus reads, "The Prince of Egypt's stunning visuals and first-rate voice cast more than compensate for the fact that it's better crafted than it is emotionally involving."[28] Metacritic, which assigns a normalized 0–100 rating to reviews from mainstream critics, calculated an average score of 64 from the 26 reviews it collected.[29]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the film in his review saying, "The Prince of Egypt is one of the best-looking animated films ever made. It employs computer-generated animation as an aid to traditional techniques, rather than as a substitute for them, and we sense the touch of human artists in the vision behind the Egyptian monuments, the lonely desert vistas, the thrill of the chariot race, the personalities of the characters. This is a film that shows animation growing up and embracing more complex themes, instead of chaining itself in the category of children's entertainment."[30] Richard Corliss of Time magazine gave a negative review of the film saying, "The film lacks creative exuberance, any side pockets of joy."[31] Stephen Hunter from The Washington Post praised the film saying, "The movie's proudest accomplishment is that it revises our version of Moses toward something more immediate and believable, more humanly knowable."[32]

text: Lisa Alspector from the Chicago Reader praised the film and wrote, "The blend of animation techniques somehow demonstrates mastery modestly, while the special effects are nothing short of magnificent."[33] Houston Chronicle's Jeff Millar reviewed by saying, "The handsomely animated Prince of Egypt is an amalgam of Hollywood biblical epic, Broadway supermusical and nice Sunday school lesson."[34] James Berardinelli from Reelviews highly praised the film saying, "The animation in The Prince of Egypt is truly top-notch, and is easily a match for anything Disney has turned out in the last decade", and also wrote "this impressive achievement uncovers yet another chink in Disney's once-impregnable animation armor."[35] Liam Lacey of The Globe and Mail gave a somewhat negative review and wrote, "Prince of Egypt is spectacular but takes itself too seriously."[36] MovieGuide also reviewed the film favorably, saying that "The Prince of Egypt takes animated movies to a new level of entertainment. Magnificent art, music, story, and realization combine to make The Prince of Egypt one of the most entertaining masterpieces of all time."[37]

text: Censorship[edit]

text: The Prince of Egypt was banned in three countries where the population is predominantly Muslim: the Maldives, Malaysia, and Egypt on the grounds that the depiction in the media of Islamic prophets (which includes Moses) is forbidden in Islam. The movie was also banned in Indonesia, but was later released in Video CD Format. The Supreme Council of Islamic Affairs in the Maldives stated: "All prophets and messengers of God are revered in Islam, and therefore cannot be portrayed".[38][39] Following this ruling, the censor board banned the film in January 1999. In the same month, the Film Censorship Board of Malaysia banned the film "so as not to offend the country's majority Muslim population." The board's secretary said that the censor body ruled the film was "insensitive for religious and moral reasons".[40]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award

Category

Recipient

Result

Academy Awards[41]

Best Original Musical or Comedy Score

Stephen Schwartz, Hans Zimmer

Nominated

Best Original Song

"When You Believe" (lyrics and music by Stephen Schwartz)

Won

Annie Awards[42]

Best Animated Feature

Penney Finkelman Cox and Sandra Rabins

Nominated

Individual Achievement in Directing

Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner, and Simon Wells

Nominated

Individual Achievement in Storyboarding

Lorna Cook (Story supervisor)

Nominated

Individual Achievement in Effects Animation

Jamie Lloyd (Effects Lead — Burning Bush/Angel of Death)

Nominated

Individual Achievement in Voice Acting

Ralph Fiennes ("Rameses")

Nominated

Critics Choice Awards[43]

Best Animated Feature

Brenda Chapman, Steve Hickner, and Simon Wells

Won (tie with A Bug's Life)

Golden Globe Awards[44]

Best Original Score

Stephen Schwartz, Hans Zimmer

Nominated

Best Original Song

"When You Believe"

Nominated

Grammy Awards[45]

Best Song Written Specifically for a Motion Picture or Television

Nominated

Best Soundtrack Album

The Prince of Egypt: Music from the Motion Picture

Nominated

Satellite Award[46]

Best Animated or Mixed Media Feature

Nominated

Saturn Awards

Best Action/Adventure/Thriller Film

Nominated

Saturn Award for Best Music

Hans Zimmer

Nominated

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"The Prince of Egypt (When You Believe)" – Nominated[47]

text: Prequel[edit]

text: In November 2000, DreamWorks Animation released Joseph: King of Dreams, a direct-to-video prequel based on the story of Joseph from the Book of Genesis. The project began during production of The Prince of Egypt, employing some of the same animation crew and featuring director Steve Hickner as an executive producer.[48][49]

text: Stage Musical[edit]

text: The Prince of Egypt debuted at TheatreWorks in Mountain View, California on October 14, 2017. The show had an international premiere on April 6, 2018 in Denmark at the Fredericia Teater.[50]


document_title: The Greatest Man I Never Knew

question_text: who wrote the song the greatest man i never knew

text: The Greatest Man I Never Knew

text:
"The Greatest Man I Never Knew"

Single by Reba McEntire

from the album For My Broken Heart

B-side
"If I Had Only Known"

Released
July 1992

Genre
Country

Length
3:14

Label
MCA 54441

Songwriter(s)
Richard Leigh
Layng Martine, Jr.

Producer(s)
Tony Brown
Reba McEntire

Reba McEntire singles chronology

"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
(1992)
"The Greatest Man I Never Knew"
(1992)
"Take It Back"
(1992)

"The Night the Lights Went Out in Georgia"
(1992)
"The Greatest Man I Never Knew"
(1992)
"Take It Back"
(1992)

text: "The Greatest Man I Never Knew" is a song written by Richard Leigh and Layng Martine, Jr., and recorded by American country music artist Reba McEntire. It released in July 1992 as the fourth and final single from her album For My Broken Heart. The song reached No. 3 on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart in October 1992.[1] Richard Leigh has described the song as being about his own father and that several other of his hit songs were also from his own life ("I'll Get Over You" and "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue"). The song debuted at No. 57 for the week of August 15, 1992.[citation needed]

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1992)
Peak
position

Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[2]
1

US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[3]
3

text: Year-end charts[edit]

text:
Chart (1992)
Position

Canada Country Tracks (RPM)[4]
22

US Country Songs (Billboard)[5]
70

text:
Preceded by
"No One Else on Earth"
by Wynonna
RPM Country Tracks
number-one single
November 21, 1992
Succeeded by
"Seminole Wind"
by John Anderson


document_title: History of Hampton Roads

question_text: what role did hampton roads play in world war i

text: History of Hampton Roads

text: Colonial era[edit]

text: 1607: the English colonists chose Jamestown[edit]

text: The first colonists arrived in 1607 when English Captain Christopher Newport's three ships, his flagship Susan Constant, the smaller Godspeed, and even smaller Discovery landed in April 1607 at Cape Henry along the Atlantic Coast in today's City of Virginia Beach, an event now known as the "First Landing." However, they moved on, under orders from the Virginia Company of London, the crews and new colonists sought a more sheltered area up one of the rivers. Their major concern was other European competitors such as the Spanish, who had earlier discovered the Chesapeake Bay and Virginia's rivers, and had even in 1570 begun a small settlement on the Virginia Peninsula known as the Ajacán Mission, which had failed.

text: During 18 days of exploring the area, they surely saw the enormous harbor of Hampton Roads, and some of the party must have appreciated its possibilities. However, after exploring the James River west at least as far as present-day Hopewell, they agreed upon Jamestown Island, where they established the first English speaking settlement to survive in the New World on 14 May 1607.

text: The site was deep enough water for ships to dock but was also easily defendable. But despite the defensive advantages of that location against Spanish attacks, the low and marshy site at Jamestown proved a very poor choice in many other ways. More than five years of fragile existence, disease-carrying insects and high mortality rates followed including the Starving Time of 1609-10 when over 80% of the 500 colonists perished before the future of the Virginia Colony began to appear more promising. The change came about with the just-in-time arrival of a new Governor, Lord Delaware, and a new colonist with a successful business idea named John Rolfe.

text: Values of the harbor: commerce, military control[edit]

text: For centuries, the harbor and rivers of Hampton Roads have been ideal locations for both commerce and for many major shipyards. Some were established as early as the late 17th century such as the Gosport Navy Yard in what is now the City of Portsmouth.

text: The harbor was also a key point for military control of the region. Even the earliest settlers created fortifications at Old Point Comfort by 1610 against potential attacks by ships of Spanish or other unfriendly European forces.

text: American Revolutionary War[edit]

text: Important conflicts of the American Revolutionary War involved Norfolk and Craney Island (at the mouth of the Elizabeth River in Portsmouth). It was at Norfolk where the last Royal Governor of the Virginia Colony, Lord Dunmore, departed mainland Virginia for the last time.

text: 19th Century[edit]

text: War of 1812[edit]

text: The first naval action of the War of 1812 took place on 8 July 1812, when the Bermuda sloop, HMS Whiting, its crew oblivious to the US declaration of war, lowered anchor in Hampton Roads. As its captain was being rowed ashore, the Royal Naval vessel was seized by the American privateer Dash, which happened to be leaving port.

text: Federal improvements[edit]

text: Under the new United States government, by the 1830s, the entrance from Chesapeake Bay was defended by Fort Monroe, built by the U.S. Army beginning in 1819 on Old Point Comfort, and by Fort Wool, built as Fort Calhoun in 1829, on a small island called the Rip Raps near the middle of the channel (and now adjacent to one of the manmade islands of the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel). Much work in the building of these fortresses in the early 19th century was done by a 24-year-old engineer in the U.S. Army, a Lieutenant named Robert E. Lee

text: American Civil War, emancipation and education of former slaves[edit]

text: During the American Civil War (1861-1865), the famous Battle of Hampton Roads between the first American ironclad warships, the USS Monitor and the CSS Virginia (ex-USS Merrimack) took place off Sewell's Point, on March 8–9, 1862. That battle was inconclusive, but later in 1862, Union forces took control of Hampton Roads, Norfolk, and the lower James River. However, their efforts to take the Confederate capital of Richmond via the James River with their vastly superior Navy were thwarted by a strong Confederate battery position high above a bend in the river about 8 miles (13 km) below Richmond at Drewry's Bluff.

text: Fort Monroe was the launching place for Union General George McClellan's massive 1862 Peninsula Campaign, a land campaign of many months which began at Fort Monroe and advanced up the Virginia Peninsula, with a Siege at Yorktown and another battle at Williamsburg before the Union Army almost literally reached the gates of Richmond, ending at the Chickahominy River within earshot of the city's church bells, according to the journals of Union soldiers. However, the Confederates mounted a credible defense of their capital city, and McClellan's campaign failed to capture Richmond, ending in the Seven Days Battles, during which the Union Army withdrew, effectively extending the War for almost three more years.

text: On February 3, 1865, as the Confederacy was near total collapse, President Abraham Lincoln met with three senior Confederates in an effort to negotiate for peace (the "Hampton Roads Conference"). Lincoln wanted the states to return to the Union and indicated the Union would pay for the slaves. The Confederates insisted their demand was complete independence, so the 4-hour conference ended in failure.[1]

text: Beginning in 1861, some of the former slaves found refuge near Fort Monroe, which remained in Union hands throughout the War. There, the commander, Union Army General Benjamin F. Butler, a lawyer by training, declared them to be "Contraband of war". On that legal basis, Union forces refused to return them to Confederate owners as would have been the practice even in many "free states" before Virginia seceded and declared itself a foreign power. Soon, word spread, and many slaves were understandably anxious to become "contraband."

text: Although many of the "contraband" men at Hampton and elsewhere during the War volunteered and became part of the United States Colored Troops (USCT), others and the women and children grew in increasing numbers near Fort Monroe in Elizabeth City County. From the wood and materials salvaged from the remains of the Town of Hampton, which had been burned earlier by retreating Confederates, they built the Grand Contraband Camp, near, but outside the protective walls of the Army base. It was the first self-contained African American community in the United States.

text: Close by, was (and still is) the Emancipation Oak, on the grounds of the school for them which grew to become Hampton University. Beginning as a normal school founded to train teachers, Hampton University was established by church groups and former Union Army officers. Early educators of the era included Mary Smith Peake and former Union Army General Samuel Chapman Armstrong, who was himself the son of missionaries, and had commanded a USCT force during the War. Among the earlier students was a young former slave named Booker T. Washington, who became a famed African-American educator and was the first head of present-day Tuskegee University. The Emancipation Oak is part of the official logo of the modern city of Hampton.

text: Twentieth century[edit]

text: Sewell's Point: Jamestown Exposition and a Navy Base[edit]

text: The Jamestown Exposition for the 300th anniversary of the 1607 founding of Jamestown was held at Sewell's Point in a rural section of Norfolk County in 1907.

text: President Theodore Roosevelt arrived by water in the harbor of Hampton Roads, as did other notable persons such as Mark Twain and Henry Huttleston Rogers, who both arrived aboard the latter's steam yacht Kanawha. A major naval display was featured, and the U.S. Great White Fleet made an appearance. The leaders of the U.S. Navy apparently did not fail to note the ideal harbor conditions, as was later proved.

text: Beginning in 1917, as the United States became involved in World War I under President Woodrow Wilson, formerly rural Sewell's Point became the site of what grew to become the largest Naval Base in the world which was established by the United States Navy and is now known as the Naval Station Norfolk.

text: Military use of northern side of the Peninsula[edit]

text: Twice in the 20th century, families of mostly African American heritage were displaced in entire communities when land along the northern side of the Peninsula primarily in York County west of Yorktown was taken in large tracts for military use during World War I and World War II, creating the present-day U.S. Naval Weapons Station Yorktown, which includes Cheatham Annex, and a former Seabee base which became Camp Peary.

text: Communities including "the Reservation", Halstead's Point, Penniman, Bigler's Mill, and Magruder were all absorbed into the large military bases.

text: Although some left the area entirely, many of the displaced families chose to relocate nearby to Grove, an unincorporated town in southeastern James City County where many generations of some of those families now reside. From a population estimated at only 37 in 1895, Grove had grown to an estimated 1,100 families by the end of the 20th century. (To its north, Grove actually borders the Naval Weapons Station property and on its extreme east, a portion of the U.S. Army's land at Fort Eustis extends across Skiffe's Creek, although there is no direct access to either base).

text: Colonial Williamsburg[edit]

text: A dream of one Episcopalian priest to save his 18th century church building was to expand to create the world's largest living museum. Replacing Jamestown and the end of the 17th century, Williamsburg had been capital of the Colony and the new State of Virginia from 1699-1780. After the capital moved to Richmond in 1780, Williamsburg became a quieter and sometimes described as "sleepy" small town. It saw some action during the Battle of Williamsburg of the 1862 Peninsula Campaign during the Civil War. However, it was not located along any major waterway and did not have railroad access until 1881. Perhaps due to the secure inland location originally known as Middle Plantation, for Williamsburg, growth and great expansion of commerce in the 19th century did not occur as rapidly as in many other Virginia cities. The main activities were the College of William and Mary and Eastern State Hospital, each historic institutions in their own right. In addition to the city's historic past, quite a few buildings of antiquity from the 18th century were still extant, although time was taking a toll by the early 20th century.

text: The Reverend Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin of Bruton Parish Church initially had wanted merely to save his historic church building. This he accomplished by 1907. He later served in Rochester, New York for many years. Upon returning to Williamsburg in 1923, he began to realize that many of the other colonial-era buildings also remained, but were in deteriorating condition, and their continued longevity was at risk.

text: Goodwin dreamed of a much larger restoration along the lines of what he had accomplished with his historic church. A cleric of modest means, he sought support and financing from a number of sources before successfully drawing the interests and major financial support of Standard Oil heir and philanthropist John D. Rockefeller Jr. and his wife Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. The result of their combined efforts was the creation of Colonial Williamsburg, which included a restoration of the Wren Building at the College of William and Mary and a change of much of the downtown Williamsburg area into a 301-acre (1.2 km2) Historic Area of restored and replica buildings and surrounds to celebrate the patriots and the early history of America.

text: By the 1930s, Colonial Williamsburg had become the centerpiece of the Historic Triangle of Colonial Virginia. These were, of course, Jamestown, where the colony started, Williamsburg, and Yorktown, where independence from Great Britain was won. The three points were joined by the U.S. National Park Service's Colonial Parkway, a remarkable accomplishment built over a period of 27 years. The Historic Triangle area of the Hampton Roads region became one of the largest tourist attractions in the entire world.

text: In Dr. Goodwin's words: "Williamsburg is Jamestown continued, and Yorktown is Williamsburg vindicated."

text: Other notable Hampton Roads "firsts"[edit]

text: In 1957, the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel was the first bridge-tunnel complex in the world, to be followed by the area's much longer Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel in 1963.

text: In the 1960s, the first astronauts of Project Mercury trained at the NASA facility adjacent to Hampton's Langley Air Force Base. Local features including Mercury Boulevard commemorate this fact.

text: Defunct shires, counties, cities, towns[edit]

text: As the current communities in the Hampton Roads region were formed and grew from the Colonial period to statehood and modern times, the political structure of many areas in Virginia changed. Between 1952 and 1976, a wave of consolidations of local governments led to almost the entire southeastern portion of Virginia consisting of a group of adjoining independent cities, eventually numbering eight. Joining the seven major cities of Hampton Roads was the comparatively tiny City of Poquoson, which had formerly been an incorporated town in York County).

text: Many incorporated (formally constituted) localities became legally defunct, though mostly not abandoned by their citizens, with the notable exception of Jamestown. For search of genealogical, land, and other historical records, it may be necessary to find these old names.

text: The following is a partial listing of defunct political subdivisions in the Hampton Roads area with approximate formation and dissolution dates. Note: Former towns which grew to become cities of the same name are not listed separately, nor are unincorporated towns. More information about dates and dispositions may be found in most individual articles by following the links.

text: In order of date founded:

text:
Jamestown, Virginia (1607) largely abandoned as a Town after 1699
Kecoughtan, Virginia (1610), became part of Town and City of Hampton
James Cittie (sic) (1619-1624)
Elizabeth Cittie (sic) (1619-1624)
Middle Plantation (1632-1699), (changed name to Williamsburg in 1699, chartered as city in 1722)
Elizabeth River Shire (1634-1643)
Warwick River Shire (1634-1643)
Charles River Shire (1634-1643)
James City Shire (1634-1643)
Warrosquyoake Shire (1634-1637)
New Norfolk County (1636-1637)
Lower Norfolk County (1637-1691)
Upper Norfolk County (1637-1646)
Norfolk County, Virginia (1691-1963)
Princess Anne County (1691-1963)
Elizabeth City County (1643-1952)
Nansemond County (1646-1972)
Warwick County (aka Warwick River County) (1643-1952)
City of South Norfolk (1922-1963)
Town of Berkley incorporated town until 1906 when annexed by City of Norfolk
Town of Phoebus(1900-1952) (earlier known as unincorporated towns of Millwood, Roseland Farms and Chesapeake City)
City of Warwick (1952-1958)
City of Nansemond (1972-1974)


document_title: Grammy Award records

question_text: who won the most grammys in the world

question_tokens: who won the most grammys in the world

text: Grammy Award records

text: Awards[edit]

text: Most Grammys won[edit]

text: The record for the most Grammy Awards won in a lifetime is held by Sir Georg Solti, a Hungarian-British conductor who conducted the Chicago Symphony Orchestra for twenty-two years. He has won a total of 31 competitive Grammy Awards out of 74 nominations and was awarded a Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1996.[1][2]

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

Alison Krauss

4
Pierre Boulez
26

5
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

7
John Williams
23

8
U2
22

Chick Corea

Beyoncé

11
Jay-Z
21

Kanye West

Vince Gill

Paul McCartney

15
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Bruce Springsteen

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist[edit]

text: Georg Solti had won a total of 31 Grammy Awards.

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Georg Solti
31

2
Quincy Jones
27

3
Pierre Boulez
26

4
Vladimir Horowitz
25

Stevie Wonder

6
John Williams
23

7
Chick Corea
22

8
Kanye West
21

Paul McCartney

Vince Gill

Jay Z

12
Henry Mancini
20

Pat Metheny

Bruce Springsteen

Al Schmitt

16
Jimmy Sturr
18

Tony Bennett

Yo-Yo Ma

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist[edit]

text: Alison Krauss has, as a solo artist, collaborator and producer, won 27 Grammy Awards.[3]

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Alison Krauss[note 1]
27

2
Beyoncé[note 2]
22

3
Aretha Franklin
18

4
Adele
15

Alicia Keys

6
Ella Fitzgerald
13

Leontyne Price

Emmylou Harris

9
Shirley Caesar
11

10
Chaka Khan
10

Bonnie Raitt

Linda Ronstadt

Taylor Swift

CeCe Winans

15
Mary J. Blige
9

Natalie Cole

Sheryl Crow

Norah Jones

Hillary Scott[note 3]

text: Most Grammys won by a group[edit]

text: U2 holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a group. They have won 22 awards.

text:
Rank
Artists
Awards

1
U2
22

2
Alison Krauss and Union Station
14

3
Dixie Chicks
13

4
Foo Fighters
11

5
Pat Metheny Group
10

Take 6

7
The Manhattan Transfer
9

The Beatles

Emerson String Quartet

Asleep At The Wheel

11
Blackwood Brothers
8

Metallica

Santana

14
Coldplay
7

Kentucky Thunder

Lady Antebellum

Simon & Garfunkel

Los Tigres del Norte

text: Most Grammys won by a producer[edit]

text: Quincy Jones with 27 awards holds the record for most Grammy Awards won by a producer (and eleven of those were awarded for production duties. Jones also received Grammys as an arranger and a performing artist). Some producers have also won awards as engineers, mixers and/or mastering engineers.

text:
Rank
Producer
Awards

1
Quincy Jones
27

2
Kanye West
21

3
David Foster
16

James Mallinson

4
Steven Epstein
15

David Frost

7
Phil Ramone
14

8
T Bone Burnett
13

Robert Woods

Jay David Saks

11
Arif Mardin
11

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer[edit]

text: Al Schmitt, with 20 awards, has won more Grammy Awards than any other engineer or mixer.

text: Youngest winners[edit]

text: The Peasall Sisters are the youngest Grammy winners, when they were credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? soundtrack, which won Album of the Year in 2002.[4] LeAnn Rimes is the youngest individual winner. She was 14 years old when she won her first two awards in 1997. She was also the first Country artist to win the Best New Artist Grammy.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
9 years
Hannah Peasall

3
13 years
Sarah Peasall

4
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

5
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

6
17 years, 81 days
Lorde

7
18 years, 105 days
Daya

8
18 years, 123 days
Monica

9
19 years, 67 days
Christina Aguilera

10
19 years, 112 days
LaTavia Roberson

text: Youngest artists to win Album of the Year[edit]

text: Taylor Swift is the youngest artist to win Album of the Year. She was 20 years old when she won in 2010 for her album Fearless.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
20 years, 49 days
Taylor Swift

2
21 years, 242 days
Alanis Morissette

3
22 years, 18 days
Barbra Streisand

4
23 years, 274 days
Lauryn Hill

5
23 years, 283 days
Adele

6
23 years, 293 days
Stevie Wonder

7
23 years, 330 days
Norah Jones

text: Oldest winners[edit]

text: Pinetop Perkins is the oldest person to win a Grammy. In 2011 he was awarded Best Traditional Blues Album for Joined At The Hip at 97 years of age.

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
97 years, 221 days
Pinetop Perkins

2
95 years, 31 days
George Burns

3
91 years, 137 days
Jimmy Carter

4
90 years, 52 days
Elizabeth Cotten

5
90 years, 26 days
Betty White

text: Note: Sources vary on the birth year of Elizabeth Cotten, with some stating it as 1893, while others say 1895. The above information credits it as 1895. With either year, Cotten is the oldest female Grammy winner.

text: Most honored albums[edit]

text: Santana's Supernatural and U2's How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb hold the record for most honored album having won nine awards. Supernatural won nine awards in 2000 and How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb won three awards in 2005 and won a further six in 2006 giving it a total of nine awards.

text:
Rank
Albums and artists
Awards

1
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb — U2
9

3
Supernatural — Santana

Come Away With Me — Norah Jones
8

Genius Loves Company — Ray Charles

Thriller — Michael Jackson

7
All That You Can't Leave Behind — U2
7

Back on the Block — Quincy Jones

9
21 — Adele
6

Back To Black — Amy Winehouse

The Blueprint 3 — Jay Z

Bridge Over Troubled Water — Simon & Garfunkel

Raising Sand — Robert Plant & Alison Krauss

The Return of Roger Miller — Roger Miller

Taking the Long Way — Dixie Chicks

To Pimp a Butterfly — Kendrick Lamar

Toto IV — Toto

Unforgettable... with Love — Natalie Cole

Unplugged — Eric Clapton

text: Most Album of the Year wins[edit]

text: The record for most Album of the Year wins is three. Three recording artists, four record producers, two mastering engineers and one engineer/mixer have won the award three times.

text:
Frank Sinatra, artist — Come Dance with Me! (1960), September of My Years (1966), A Man and His Music (1967)
Stevie Wonder, artist — Innervisions (1974), Fulfillingness' First Finale (1975), Songs in the Key of Life (1977)
Paul Simon, artist — Bridge over Troubled Water (1971), Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), Graceland (1987)
David Foster, producer — Unforgettable… with Love (1992), The Bodyguard: Original Soundtrack Album (1994), Falling into You (1997)
Phil Ramone, producer — Still Crazy After All These Years (1976), 52nd Street (1980), Genius Loves Company (2005)
Daniel Lanois, producer — The Joshua Tree (1988), Time out of Mind (1998), How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb (2006)
Bob Ludwig, mastering engineer — Babel (2013), Random Access Memories (2014), Morning Phase (2015)
Tom Coyne, mastering engineer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer — 21 (2012), Morning Phase (2015), 25 (2017)
Ryan Tedder, producer — 21 (2012), 1989 (2016), 25 (2017)

text: Most Record of the Year wins[edit]

text: The record for most wins are three.

text:
Paul Simon, artist
Tom Elmhirst, engineer/mixer
Tom Coyne, mastering engineer

text: Most Grammys won for consecutive albums[edit]

text: Pat Metheny and his band the Pat Metheny Group have won 20 Grammy Awards in total, including seven consecutive awards for seven consecutive albums.[5] Metheny held the record for Grammy wins in the most different categories as of the 2005 Grammy Awards:

text:
Best Jazz Fusion Performance (1983, 1984, 1985, 1988, 1990)
Best Instrumental Composition (1991)
Best Contemporary Jazz Performance/Album (1993, 1994, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2005)
Best Jazz Instrumental Performance, Individual or Group (1998, 2000, 2013)
Best Rock Instrumental Performance (1999)
Best Jazz Instrumental Solo (2001)
Best New Age Album (2004, 2012)

text: Most consecutive Grammys won for the same category[edit]

text: Aretha Franklin holds the record for winning the most consecutive Grammys in the same category. She won the Grammy Award for Best Female R&B Vocal Performance every year from 1968 to 1975, for an eight-year winning streak. She also won in this category in 1982, 1986, and 1988, giving her 11 wins in the category.

text: After Franklin, Jimmy Sturr, Bill Cosby and John Williams are tied for second place for consecutive Grammy wins in the same category:

text: Sturr won six years in a row between 1987 and 1992 for Best Polka Album. He also won for three runs of four consecutive years (1996–1999, 2001–2004, and 2006–2009.) He won 18 out of the 24 Best Polka Album Grammys that were awarded since that category was added in 1985. The award was discontinued in 2009.

text: Cosby won six years in a row between 1965 and 1970 for Grammy Award for Best Comedy Album.

text: Williams won six years in a row between 1978 and 1983 for Grammy Award for Best Score Soundtrack for Visual Media.

text: Lenny Kravitz won the Best Male Rock Vocal Performance award four years in a row (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002).

text: Artists who have won all four General Field awards[edit]

text: There have been only two artists who have won all four General Field awards. In 1981, Christopher Cross won Record, Album and Song of the Year as well as Best New Artist.[6] Adele is the second artist to win all four, and the first female to do so. In 2009, she won Best New Artist and in 2012 and 2017, she won Record, Album and Song of the Year.

text: Single ceremony[edit]

text: Most Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: The Record for Most Grammys won in one night is eight. Michael Jackson won eight in 1984 and Santana tied Jackson's record in 2000.

text:
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

Santana (2000)

3
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Toto (1983)

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

Beyoncé (2010)

Adele (2012)

text: Most Grammys won by a male artist in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson won eight awards in 1984.

text:
Rank
Artist(s)
Awards

1
Michael Jackson (1984)
8

2
Roger Miller (1966)
6

Quincy Jones (1991)

Eric Clapton (1993)

text: Most Grammys won by a female artist in one night[edit]

text: The record most Grammys won by a female artist in one night is six. Beyoncé and Adele each won six in 2010 and 2012, respectively.

text:
Rank
Artist
Awards

1
Beyoncé (2010)
6

Adele (2012)

3
Lauryn Hill (1999)
5

Alicia Keys (2002)

Norah Jones (2003)

Beyoncé (2004)

Amy Winehouse (2008)

Alison Krauss (2009)

Adele (2017)

text: Most Grammys won by a group in one night[edit]

text: In 2000, Santana was awarded a total of 8 awards. They won the awards for Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text:
Rank
Artists
Awards

1
Santana (2000)
8

2
Toto (1983)
6

3
Simon & Garfunkel (1971)
5

U2 (2006)

Dixie Chicks (2007)

Lady Antebellum (2011)

Foo Fighters (2012)

text: Most Grammys won by a record producer in one night[edit]

text: The record for most awards won by a producer in one night is five. Rick Rubin won five awards in 2007 including Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Best Country Album for the Dixie Chicks, Best Rock Album for the Red Hot Chili Peppers as well as Producer of the Year, Non Classical.

text: Most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night[edit]

text: The most Grammys won by an engineer or mixer in one night is six. At the 59th Annual Grammy Awards in 2017, Tom Elmhirst won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Best Pop Vocal Album, Best Engineered Album Non Classical, Best Alternative Music Album and Best Rock Album for his work on Adele's '25', David Bowie's 'Blackstar' and Cage The Elephant's 'Tell Me I'm Pretty'.

text: Artist who has won all four General Field Awards at a single ceremony[edit]

text: Christopher Cross (1981) received all four General Field awards in one night. Cross won the Record of the Year ("Sailing"), Album of the Year ("Christopher Cross"), Song of the Year ("Sailing"), and Best New Artist Grammys in a single ceremony.[7]

text: Artists who have won Record, Album and Song of the Year in one night[edit]

text: The three biggest Grammy Awards are Record of the Year, Album of the Year and Song of the Year. Six artists have won all three in one night. Adele is the only artist in Grammy history to accomplish this twice.

text:
Year
Artist

1971
Paul Simon

1972
Carole King

1981
Christopher Cross

1993
Eric Clapton

2007
Dixie Chicks

2012
Adele

2017

text: Most Grammys won by an album in one night[edit]

text: The most awards awarded to an album in one night is nine. In 2000 Santana's Supernatural was awarded nine awards. It won Record of the Year, Album of the Year, Song of the Year, Best Pop Performance by a duo or Group With Vocals, Best Pop Collaboration with vocals, Best Pop Instrumental Performance, Best Rock Performance by a Duo or group with Vocals, Best Rock Instrumental Performance and Best Rock Album.

text: Most posthumous Grammys won in one night[edit]

text: Ray Charles holds the record for most posthumous awards won in one night. He was awarded five Grammy Awards in 2005 including Album of the Year.

text: Nominations[edit]

text: Most Grammy nominations[edit]

text: Quincy Jones holds the record for the most Grammy nominations with 79.[8][9]

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Quincy Jones
79

2
Paul McCartney[note 4]
78

3
Georg Solti
74

Stevie Wonder

5
Henry Mancini
72

6
Kanye West
68

7
Pierre Boulez
67

8
Jay Z
66

9
Leonard Bernstein
63

10
Chick Corea
64

11
Beyoncé[note 5]
62

John Williams

13
Bruce Springsteen[note 6]
51

Jay David Saks

15
Bono[note 7][note 6]
50

Thomas Z. Shepard

17
Willie Nelson
49

James Mallinson

Babyface

text: Most nominations in one night[edit]

text: Michael Jackson holds the record for most Grammy nominations in one night with 12 nominations.

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations
Year

1
Michael Jackson
12
1984

2
Kendrick Lamar
11
2016

3
Lauryn Hill
10
1999

Kanye West
2005

Beyoncé
2010

Eminem
2011

7
Roger Miller
9
1966

Paul McCartney
1966

The Manhattan Transfer
1986

Jay Z
2014

Beyoncé
2017

text: Most nominations without winning[edit]

text: The record for most Grammy nominations without a win is 20, held by Morten Lindberg.

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Morten Lindberg
20

2
Snoop Dogg
17

Brian McKnight

4
Joe Satriani
15

5
Toshiko Akiyoshi
14

Martina McBride

Dierks Bentley

Björk

9
Katy Perry
13

Nas

Spyro Gyra

12
Diana Ross
12

Busta Rhymes

Lenny Gomulka

Peter Kater

16
Musiq Soulchild
11

Connie Smith

Vanessa L. Williams

Jazmine Sullivan

R. Carlos Nakai

Alan Parsons

Elly Ameling

text: Most nominations in one night without winning[edit]

text:
Rank
Artist
Nominations

1
Paul McCartney (1966)
9

2
Kanye West (2017)
8

Rihanna (2017)

4
Stevie Wonder (1983)
7

India.Arie (2002)

Kendrick Lamar (2014)

7
Henry Mancini (1959)
6

Mariah Carey (1996)

50 Cent (2006)

Bruno Mars (2012)

11
Robert M. Jones (1961)
5

Elvis Presley (1961)

Frank Sinatra (1961)

James Taylor (1971)

Eugene Ormandy (1971)

Sting (1986)

Joan Osborne (1996)

Avril Lavigne (2003)

50 Cent (2004)

Alicia Keys (2006)

Gwen Stefani (2006)

James Blunt (2007)

Jazmine Sullivan (2009)

B.o.B (2011)

Lil Wayne (2012)

Drake (2014, 2016)

text: Grammy nominations in the most categories[edit]

text: Bob Dylan has been nominated in more categories than any other musician. He has been nominated in 13 different categories. These were in folk, spoken word, country, general, gospel, historical, rock, music video, visual media, pop, american roots, and most recently traditional. He is followed by Sir Paul McCartney who has received nomination in the general field, pop, arrangement, rock, visual media, music video, spoken word, historical, alternative music and rap. Béla Fleck is the artist with the third most nominations among categories. He has been nominated in the country, pop, jazz, bluegrass, world music, classical, folk, and spoken word, as well as composition and arranging categories.

text: Jackson siblings Michael and Janet are tied for the fourth most nominations in the most categories with nominations in seven different categories, they have received nominations in the general field and other categories. See list of awards and nominations received by Michael and Janet.

text: Artists who had been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night[edit]

text: Only ten artists have been nominated for all four General Field awards in one night.

text:
Year
Artist

1968
Bobbie Gentry

1980
Christopher Cross

1985
Cyndi Lauper

1989
Tracy Chapman

1991
Mariah Carey

1998
Paula Cole

2002
India.Arie

2008
Amy Winehouse

2013
Fun.

2015
Sam Smith

text: Youngest nominees[edit]

text: Leah Peasall of the Peasall sisters is the youngest ever Grammy nominee (and winner) as one of the credited artists on the O Brother, Where Art Thou? (soundtrack) in 2002.[4] Deleon Richards is the youngest performer to receive an individual nomination, for Best Soul/Gospel performance.[10]

text:
Rank
Age
Artist

1
7 years
Leah Peasall

2
8 years, 161 days
Deleon Richards

3
9 years
Hannah Peasall

4
12 years, 126 days
Zac Hanson

5
12 years, 155 days
Joey Alexander

6
12 years, 199 days
Michael Jackson

7
12 years, 273 days
Billy Gilman

8
13 years
Sarah Peasall

9
14 years, 45 days
Chris "Daddy Mac" Smith

10
14 years, 182 days
LeAnn Rimes

11
14 years, 197 days
Chris "Mac Daddy" Kelly

12
14 years, 313 days
Luis Miguel

13
14 years, 348 days
Taylor Hanson


document_title: Canadian ten-dollar note

question_text: whose portrait is on the canadian $10 bill

question_tokens: whose portrait is on the canadian $ 10 bill

text: Canadian ten-dollar note

text:
Ten dollars

(Canada)

Value
10 Canadian dollars

Width
152.4 mm

Height
69.85 mm

Security features
Holographic stripe, Watermark, EURion constellation, Tactile marks, Registration device, Raised printing, UV printing

Paper type
Polymer

Years of printing
2001–present

Obverse

Design
Sir John A. Macdonald

Designer
Bruce Stewart

Design date
2001
2005

Reverse

Design
Via Rail route map, featuring The Canadian. In the background; the Canadian Rockies

Designer
Bruce Stewart

Design date
2001
2005

text: The Canadian ten-dollar note is one of the most common banknotes of the Canadian dollar.

text: The current ten-dollar note is dominantly purple in colour. The front features a portrait of Canada's first Prime Minister Sir John A. Macdonald, and a metallic image of the Library of Parliament. The reverse side shows Via Rail's train, the Canadian, with the Canadian Rockies in the background; this is accompanied by a Via Rail route map. Yellow dots representing the EURion constellation can be found on both sides. As well as textured printing, this design includes Braille dots for the blind indicating the denomination as a new tactile feature.

text: An updated version of the note began circulation on May 18, 2005, with new security features. On the front, these include a holographic stripe along the left side, depicting the number 10 alternated with maple leaves; a watermark of Macdonald's portrait; and a broken-up number 10, which resolves itself when backlit (the latter two which replaced the shiny-leaf feature). On the back, it has an interleaved metallic strip, reading '10 CAN' repeatedly along its length.

text: The version of the note issued in 1971 depicted the operations of Polymer Corporation on its back.

text: Less-visible security features include ultraviolet-detected threads in the paper, as well as an ink imprint of the coat of arms.

text: As with all modern Canadian banknotes, all text is in both English and French.

text: A new ten-dollar note made with polymer, as part of the "Frontier Series", was released on November 7, 2013. The new note features a new portrait of Sir John A. Macdonald and hologram of the Library of Parliament on the front and the Canadian (Via Rail train pulled using F40PH-2 locomotive) in the Rockies on the back.[1] After mistakenly identifying Mount Edith Cavell and Mount Marmot as appearing in the background, the Bank of Canada later corrected them as Lectern Peak, Aquila Mountain, Mount Zengel and other mountains.[2]

text: On December 8, 2016, Viola Desmond was chosen as the first Canadian woman to appear on the ten-dollar note after being on a shortlist of five.[3][4] The note will be issued in 2018. For 2017, the Bank of Canada has issued a special commemorative design, celebrating the 150th anniversary of the confederation of Canada.

text:
Series
Main colour
Obverse
Reverse
Series Year
Issued
Withdrawn

1935 Series
Purple
Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood
Harvest allegory
1935
11 March 1935

1937 Series
Purple
George VI
Transportation allegory
1937
19 July 1937

1954 Series
Purple
Elizabeth II
Mount Burgess, British Columbia
1954
9 September 1954

Scenes of Canada
Purple
John A. Macdonald
Polymer Corporation oil refinery in Sarnia, Ontario
1971
8 November 1971
27 June 1989

Birds of Canada
     Purple
John A. Macdonald
Osprey
1989
27 June 1989
17 January 2001

Canadian Journey Series
     Purple
John A. Macdonald
Peacekeeping forces and war memorial; poppy field and excerpt from "In Flanders Fields" by John McCrae
2001
17 January 2001
18 May 2005

2004A/2006/2008
18 May 2005
7 November 2013

Frontier Series
     Purple
John A. Macdonald
The Canadian passenger train
2013
7 November 2013


document_title: Seven trumpets

question_text: what is the seventh trumpet in the bible

text: Seven trumpets

text: Significance[edit]

text: Before the invention of the brass trumpet, God had Moses make two silver Trumpets (Numbers 10:2), but the traditional sacred horn of the ancient Hebrews was the shofar made from a ram's horn[clarification needed]. It has been used since Moses' day (Exodus 19:13)[5] to get the attention of the Israelites, signal, or to prelude an announcement and/or warning from God. Joshua had 7 priests carry 7 horns for 7 days and circle Jericho 7 times, then the priest sounded the horns, the people shouted and the walls came down. (Joshua 6:4).[5] In St. Paul's letter of I Thessalonians 4:16, "the trumpet of God" heralds the Second Coming of Christ.

text: First trumpet[edit]

text: Upon the first trumpet sound, hail and fire, mixed with blood, is thrown to the Earth burning up a third of the trees on the planet, and all green grass. [6]

text: Second trumpet[edit]

text: By the second trumpet sounding, it cues something like a great burning mountain that plunges into the sea and wipes out a third of all sea life and ships. A third of the oceans will become blood.[7]\

text: Third trumpet[edit]

text: By the sound of the third trumpet, a great star called Wormwood falls to the Earth poisoning a third of the planet's freshwater sources, such as rivers and springs. Men will die from drinking its bitter taste.[8]

text: Fourth trumpet[edit]

text: Following the sounding of the fourth trumpet, a third of the light that shines from the Sun, moon and stars became dark from these celestial bodies being "struck". This catastrophe caused complete darkness for a third of a day, during the day, even through night hours.[9]

text: Fifth trumpet[edit]

text: The fifth trumpet sound is the "first Woe" of three. Before this trumpet sounds, an angel (translated eagle in some versions) appears, flying in mid-heaven, and warns, "Woe, woe, woe, to those who dwell on the earth, because of the remaining blasts of the trumpet of the three angels who are about to sound!"[10]

text: The fifth trumpet prompts a personified star to fall from heaven. The star is given the key to the bottomless pit. After opening it, the smoke that rises out, darkens the air and blocks the sunlight. Then from out of the smoke, the Locusts were unleashed. They were scorpion tailed warhorses, having a man's face with lion's teeth. Their hair was long like that of a woman's and flew with locust-like wings. They were crowned with golden crowns and protected with iron-like breastplates. They were commanded by their king, Abaddon, to torment any man who does not have the seal of God on their forehead, by using their scorpion-like tails. It was also made clear to them that they must not kill anyone during their five-month mission of torment.[11]

text:
Preterist views
Robert Witham, a Catholic commentator, issued his two-volume Annotations on the New Testament, in 1733. Commenting on Chapter 9, he offers two preterist views for identifying the locusts with scorpion tails.[12]

text:
The locusts may have represented the incursion of the Goths and “those barbarous People” that interrupted the Roman Empire during the time of Decius.[13]
The locusts may have represented the Jewish heretics who denied Christ. Most notably, Theodotus, Praxeas, Noetus, Paul of Samosata, Sabellius, and Arius.[13]

text: Sixth trumpet[edit]

text: After the fifth trumpet blast, the sixth one sounds.[14] This is the "Second woe", where four angels are released from their binds to the "great river Euphrates". They command a brute force of 200 million mounted troops whose horses dissipate plague from out of their mouths, most notably: fire, smoke, and brimstone. The mounted horsemen wore breastplates with the color of fire, hyacinth, and brimstone. The horses had a lion's head and their tails were like a serpent, even with a snake head. They are responsible for the deaths of a third of mankind who are stricken by the plague that emanated from these armies.[15]

text: Seventh trumpet[edit]

text: The sound of the seventh trumpet signals the "Third woe". This is the final trumpet sound and the final woe. Loud voices in heaven which said; "The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord and of his Messiah, and he will reign for ever and ever." Thanks is given to God, the Almighty and praise for the wrath that came, the dead who were judged, and the bond-servants rewarded. "Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and within his temple was seen the ark of his covenant. And there came flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder, an earthquake and a severe hailstorm." [16]

text:
Christian eschatology
Eschatological views
Contrasting beliefs[show]
Historicism (Interpretations of Revelation)
Futurism
Preterism
Idealism
Dispensationalism

The Millennium[show]
Amillennialism
Postmillennialism
Premillennialism
 Prewrath Rapture
 Posttribulation Rapture
Dispensationalism

Biblical texts[show]
Daniel
Seventy Weeks
Synoptic Gospels
Olivet Discourse
Mark 13
Matthew 24
Sheep and Goats
Pauline Epistles
2 Thessalonians
Johannine literature
Revelation (Events)

Pseudepigrapha[show]
1 Enoch
2 Esdras

Key terms[show]
Abomination of desolation
Antichrist
Armageddon
The Beast
False prophet
Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse
Gog and Magog
Great Apostasy
Great Tribulation
Katechon
Kingdom of God
Lake of fire
Last Judgment
Man of sin
New Heaven and New Earth
New Jerusalem
Number of the Beast
Rapture
Resurrection of the dead
Second Coming
Seven bowls
Seven seals
Son of perdition
Two witnesses
War in Heaven
Whore of Babylon
World to come

Christianity portalvte

text: Interpretations[edit]

text: In Christian Eschatology, the first six trumpets are used to serve as a wake up call to the sinners on Earth and a call to repentance. Each trumpet blast brings with it a plague of a more disastrous nature than the one before it. The trumpet is used to build anticipation and tells the reader that an alert, announcement, or warning is about to take place. The seventh trumpet does not bring a plague with it. Rather, it is sounded so that glory is given to God and His kingdom is announced.[17]

text: The Preterist understanding is that these blasts are like war trumpets against apostate Israel of the time period and that they correspond to events in the Jewish Wars. For example, the second trumpet is the nation of Rome depicted as a mountain, symbolic for great nations in the Old Testament, and its destruction of Galilee and the Sea of Galilee becoming full of blood and dead bodies.[citation needed]

text: Concerning the second trumpet blast, Futurist Christian apologists speculate that the "great mountain burning with fire" that plunges into the sea, in Revelation 8:8,[18] is an impact event by a possible Near-Earth object.[19][20]

text: Christians who follow the Posttribulation rapture doctrine, argue that the seventh trumpet is the last trumpet mentioned in I Corinthians 15:52,[21] and that there is a strong correlation between the events mentioned in Isaiah 27:13,[22] Matthew 24:29-31,[23] and I Thessalonians 4:16.[24] These parallels are used to support the doctrine of the rapture occurring after the tribulation. Therefore, Posttribulationists see the rapture happening during the seventh trumpet.  The nature of the 7th trumpet shows that "time is no more, and that the mystery of God is finished, Rev. 10:6,7.  At the 7th trumpet, Jesus rules and reigns forevermore,[25] He has taken His great power and reigned,[26] and He rewards the righteous, and judges the wicked.[27]  Both Jesus and Paul declare that when Jesus comes, His reward is with Him, and He rewards everyone according to their works, Rev. 22:12,2 Tim 4:1.

text: There are some scholars who describe a part from the finale from the second symphony by Gustav Mahler, as the seven trumpets, actually played by 4 trumpets, bass drum, cymbals and triangle, which are offstage.[28]


document_title: Lava lamp

question_text: what kind of light does a lava lamp use

question_tokens: what kind of light does a lava lamp use

text: Lava lamp

text: Operation[edit]

text: A classic lava lamp contains a standard incandescent or halogen lamp which heats a tall (often tapered) glass bottle. A formula from 1968 US patent consisted of water and a transparent, translucent, or opaque mix of mineral oil, paraffin wax, and carbon tetrachloride.[1]p. 2, line 30 The clear water or mineral oil can optionally be coloured with transparent dyes.

text: Common wax has a density much lower than that of water, and would float on top under any temperature. However, carbon tetrachloride is heavier than water (also nonflammable and miscible with wax) and is added to the wax to make its density at room temperature slightly higher than that of the water. When heated, the wax mixture becomes less dense than the water, because the wax expands more than water when both are heated.[1]p. 1, lines 40 & 45 It also becomes fluid, and blobs of wax ascend to the top of the device where they cool (which increases their density relative to that of the water) and then they descend.[1]p. 1, line 47 A metallic wire coil in the base of the bottle acts as a surface tension breaker to recombine the cooled blobs of wax after they descend.

text: However, lava lamps made in China for the US market since 1970 do not use carbon tetrachloride, because its use was banned that year due to toxicity.[2] The manufacturer (Haggerty) stated that their current formulation is a trade secret.[3]

text: The underlying fluid mechanics phenomenon is a form of Rayleigh–Taylor instability.

text: The bulb is normally 25 to 40 watts. Generally, it will take 45–60 minutes for the wax to warm up enough to form freely rising blobs, when operating the lamp at standard room temperature. It may take as long as 2 to 3 hours if the room is below standard room temperature.

text: Once the wax is molten, the lamp should not be shaken or knocked over or the two fluids may emulsify, and the fluid surrounding the wax blobs will remain cloudy rather than clear. Some recombination will occur as part of the normal cycle of the wax in the container, but the only means to recombine all of the wax is to turn off the lamp and wait a few hours. The wax will settle back down at the bottom, forming one blob once again. Severe cases can require many heat-cool cycles to clear.

text: In 2015, a new design was introduced into the market that uses ferrofluid in place of wax.[4]

text: History[edit]

text: British accountant Edward Craven-Walker invented the lava lamp in 1963 after watching a homemade egg timer, which was made from a cocktail shaker filled with liquids, as it was bubbling on a stove top in a pub.[5] His U.S. Patent 3,387,396 for "Display Device" was filed in 1965 and issued in 1968.[1] Craven-Walker's company was named Crestworth and was based in Poole, Dorset, in the United Kingdom. Craven-Walker named the lamp "Astro" and had variations such as the "Astro Mini" and the "Astro Coach" lantern.

text: In 1965, two men named Adolph Wertheimer and Hy Spector were intrigued by Walker’s invention when they saw it at a German trade show. They bought the American rights and began the Lava Manufacturing Corporation in Chicago, IL to sell what they called the Lava Lite Lamp. In the late 1970s, the US rights were sold to Larry Haggerty, who created a subsidiary of his company, Haggerty Enterprises, called Lava World International, which produced American lava lamps for over 30 years.[6]

text: Craven-Walker retained the rights for the rest of the world, and took on two business partners in the late 1980s named Cressida Granger and David Mulley. Eventually Granger and Mulley took over the company and they changed the name to Mathmos in 1992. Edward Craven-Walker remained a consultant until his death in 2000. Mathmos continues to make Lava Lamps and related products. Mathmos won two Queens Awards for Export, as well as Best Multi-Media prize at the Design Week awards.[7] Astro lava lamp was launched in 1963 and celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2013.[8] Mathmos lava lamps are still made in the original factory in Poole, Dorset.

text: In 2008, American lava lamp maker, Lava World International, was acquired by Talon Merchant Capital and the name was again changed to Lava Lite LLC. As of 2016, lava lamps are sold under Lifespan brands in North America.[9]

text: Hazards[edit]

text: In 2004, 24-year-old Philip Quinn from Kent, Washington was killed by a lava lamp on a kitchen stove. Heat from the stove built up pressure in the lamp until it exploded and a shard of glass pierced his heart, causing fatal injuries. Quinn was found dead in his home.[10]

text: The circumstances of his death were later reenacted in a 2006 episode of the popular science TV series MythBusters. The show found that even if shards of glass are not thrown with lethal velocity during such an attempt, the resulting spray of hot liquid from the lamp could easily cause severe burns to anyone nearby. The show noted that the safety instructions clearly state that lava lamps should not be heated by any source other than the specifically rated bulbs and purpose-designed bases that are provided.[11]