document_title: Iowa–Iowa State football rivalry

question_text: last time iowa state beat iowa in football

text: Iowa–Iowa State football rivalry

text: Trophy design[edit]

text: The trophy design used through the 2010 season featured a football, a running back in the classic stiff-arm pose, and the likenesses of Iowa State's Cy the Cardinal and Iowa's Herky the Hawk. The trophy was replaced after the 2010 game, making Iowa and Iowa State the only schools in the country to sell out a rivalry trophy for corporate sponsorship. Since then the Cy-Hawk trophy makes an annual tour with WHO sportscaster Keith Murphy the week before the game. It remains the recognizable symbol of the contest and, according to Murphy, "people love it."

text: A new trophy, donated by the Iowa Corn Growers Association, was introduced to the public during the Iowa State Fair on August 19, 2011. A sculpture atop the new trophy depicted a farm family with small children huddled about a bushel basket of corn. Dean Taylor, president of the Association, called it "a work of art that represents Iowans and their hard work."[1] Within hours of its presentation, however, the new trophy was widely ridiculed in newspaper columns and internet postings by the public. Iowa Governor Terry Branstad publicly provided negative feedback, as did retired Iowa football coach Hayden Fry, who said, "The farmer, family and corn is all wonderful, but I don't really get the relationship to a football game."[2]

text: On August 23, 2011, Iowa Corn Growers Association CEO Craig Floss announced that the new Cy-Hawk Trophy would be changed as a result of the negative public reaction. Selection of the new trophy would involve public input.[3] A temporary trophy was used for 2011.[4]

text: With fan input, the newly, redesigned trophy was unveiled at the end of the 2012 game won by Iowa State featuring mascots of the two universities, a raised football, and corn making up the background.

text: Game results[edit]

text: The two schools played each other 24 times between 1894 and 1934, before the Cy-Hawk Trophy was established in 1977. The series halted after 1934 after then University of Iowa Athletic Director and head football coach Ossie Solem would not return calls to reschedule the rivalry. Of the 65 games in the series played through 2017, 38 of them have been played in Iowa City while just 27 games have been contested at the smaller stadium in Ames.

text:
Iowa victories
Iowa State victories

text:
No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

1
October 1, 1894
Iowa City
Iowa Agricultural
12–8

2
October 28, 1895
Iowa City
Iowa Agricultural
24–0

3
November 5, 1897
Iowa City
Iowa Agricultural
12–0

4
October 28, 1899
Iowa City
Iowa
5–0

5
October 18, 1901
Iowa City
Iowa
6–0

6
November 1, 1902
Iowa City
Iowa
16–12

7
October 29, 1904
Iowa City
Iowa
10–6

8
November 24, 1905
Ames
Iowa
8–0

9
November 24, 1906
Iowa City
Iowa State
2–0

10
November 23, 1907
Ames
Iowa State
20–14

11
November 13, 1909
Iowa City
Iowa
13–0

12
November 5, 1910
Ames
Iowa
2–0

13
November 18, 1911
Iowa City
Iowa State
9–0

14
November 16, 1912
Ames
Iowa
20–7

15
November 15, 1913
Iowa City
Iowa
45–7

16
November 14, 1914
Ames
Iowa
26–6

17
November 13, 1915
Iowa City
Iowa State
16–0

18
November 18, 1916
Ames
Iowa
19–16

19
November 24, 1917
Iowa City
Iowa
6–3

20
November 16, 1918
Iowa City
Iowa
21–0

21
November 22, 1919
Iowa City
Iowa
10–0

22
November 20, 1920
Ames
Iowa
14–10

23
November 4, 1933
Iowa City
Iowa
27–7

24
November 20, 1934
Ames
Iowa State
31–6

25
September 17, 1977
Iowa City
Iowa
12–10

26
September 23, 1978
Iowa City
#20 Iowa State
31–0

27
September 29, 1979
Iowa City
Iowa
30–14

28
September 27, 1980
Iowa City
Iowa State
10–7

29
September 19, 1981
Ames
Iowa State
23–12

30
September 18, 1982
Iowa City
Iowa State
19–7

31
September 10, 1983
Ames
#10 Iowa
51–10

32
September 8, 1984
Iowa City
#10 Iowa
59–21

33
September 28, 1985
Ames
#3 Iowa
57–3

No.
Date
Location
Winner
Score

34
September 13, 1986
Iowa City
Iowa
43–7

35
September 19, 1987
Ames
Iowa
48–9

36
September 24, 1988
Iowa City
Iowa
10–3

37
September 23, 1989
Ames
Iowa
31–21

38
September 22, 1990
Iowa City
Iowa
45–35

39
September 14, 1991
Ames
#14 Iowa
29–10

40
September 12, 1992
Iowa City
Iowa
21–7

41
September 11, 1993
Ames
Iowa
31–28

42
September 10, 1994
Iowa City
Iowa
37–9

43
September 16, 1995
Ames
Iowa
27–10

44
September 14, 1996
Iowa City
#21 Iowa
38–13

45
September 20, 1997
Ames
#13 Iowa
63–20

46
September 12, 1998
Iowa City
Iowa State
27–9

47
September 11, 1999
Ames
Iowa State
17–10

48
September 16, 2000
Iowa City
Iowa State
24–14

49
November 24, 2001
Ames
Iowa State
17–14

50
September 14, 2002
Iowa City
Iowa State
36–31

51
September 13, 2003
Ames
#23 Iowa
40–21

52
September 11, 2004
Iowa City
#16 Iowa
17–10

53
September 10, 2005
Ames
Iowa State
23–3

54
September 16, 2006
Iowa City
#16 Iowa
27–17

55
September 15, 2007
Ames
Iowa State
15–13

56
September 13, 2008
Iowa City
Iowa
17–5

57
September 12, 2009
Ames
Iowa
35–3

58
September 11, 2010
Iowa City
#9 Iowa
35–7

59
September 10, 2011
Ames
Iowa State
44–413OT

60
September 8, 2012
Iowa City
Iowa State
9–6

61
September 14, 2013
Ames
Iowa
27–21

62
September 13, 2014
Iowa City
Iowa State
20–17

63
September 12, 2015
Ames
Iowa
31–17

64
September 10, 2016
Iowa City
#16 Iowa
42–3

65
September 9, 2017
Ames
Iowa
44–41OT

Series: Iowa leads 43–22


document_title: List of poker hands

question_text: what is a flush in poker texas holdem

question_tokens: what is a flush in poker texas holdem

root

text: List of poker hands

text: Hand-ranking categories[edit]

text:
*

Only possible when using one or more wild cards

**

Category does not exist under ace-to-five low rules

tag: table

text:
Rank

Name

Example

0

Five of a kind*

1

Straight flush**

2

Four of a kind

3

Full house

4

Flush**

5

Straight**

6

Three of a kind

7

Two pair

8

One pair

9

High card

text: Five of a kind[edit]

tag: p

text: Five of a kind is a poker hand containing five cards of the same rank, such as 3♥ 3♦ 3♣ 3♠ 3 ("five of a kind, threes"). It ranks above a straight flush but is only possible when using one or more wild cards, as there are only four cards of each rank in a standard 52-card deck.[8] A five of a kind becomes possible when a joker is added to the deck as a bug, a form of wild card that may either act as a fifth ace or be used to complete any straight, flush or straight flush. Under these rules, the only possible five of a kind is five aces, A♥ A♦ A♣ A♠ Jkr.[7]  Other wild card rules allow jokers or other designated wild cards to represent any card in the deck, enabling the formation of five of a kind of any rank.[citation needed]

text: Each five of a kind is ranked by the rank of its quintuplet. For example, Q♠ Q♥ Q♣ Q♦ Q ranks higher than 6♣ 6♠ 6♦ 6♥ 6.[8][14]

text: Straight flush[edit]

text: A straight flush is a poker hand containing five cards of sequential rank, all of the same suit, such as Q♥ J♥ 10♥ 9♥ 8♥ (a "queen-high straight flush").[4]  It ranks below five of a kind and above four of a kind.[7] As part of a straight flush, an ace can rank either above a king or below a two, depending on the rules of the game. Under high rules, an ace can rank either high (e.g. A♥ K♥ Q♥ J♥ 10♥ is an ace-high straight flush) or low (e.g. 5♦ 4♦ 3♦ 2♦ A♦ is a five-high straight flush), but cannot rank both high and low in the same hand (e.g. Q♣ K♣ A♣ 2♣ 3♣ is an ace-high flush, not a straight flush).[8][14] Under deuce-to-seven low rules, aces can only rank high, so a hand such as 5♠ 4♠ 3♠ 2♠ A♠ is actually an ace-high flush. Under ace-to-six low rules, aces can only rank low, so a hand such as A♥ K♥ Q♥ J♥ 10♥ is actually a king-high flush.[15] Under ace-to-five low rules, straight flushes are not recognized, and a hand that would be categorized as a straight flush is instead a high card hand.[9]

text: There are 40 possible straight flush hands and 10 distinct ranks of straight flush under high rules when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each straight flush is ranked by the rank of its highest-ranking card. For example, 10♣ 9♣ 8♣ 7♣ 6♣ ranks higher than 8♥ 7♥ 6♥ 5♥ 4♥, which ranks higher than 6♠ 5♠ 4♠ 3♠ 2♠. Straight flush hands that differ by suit alone, such as 7♦ 6♦ 5♦ 4♦ 3♦ and 7♠ 6♠ 5♠ 4♠ 3♠, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: An ace-high straight flush, such as A♦ K♦ Q♦ J♦ 10♦, is commonly known as a royal flush or royal straight flush and is the best possible hand in high games when not using wild cards.[7][16][17] A five-high straight flush, such as 5♥ 4♥ 3♥ 2♥ A♥, is called a steel wheel and is significant in ace-to-five high-low split games for being both the best low hand and usually the best high hand of the showdown.[4]

text: Four of a kind[edit]

text: Four of a kind, also known as quads, is a poker hand containing four cards of the same rank and one card of another rank (the kicker), such as 9♣ 9♠ 9♦ 9♥ J♥ ("four of a kind, nines"). It ranks below a straight flush and above a full house.[7]

text: There are 624 possible four of a kind hands and 156 distinct ranks of four of a kind when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each four of a kind is ranked first by the rank of its quadruplet, and then by the rank of its kicker. For example, K♠ K♥ K♣ K♦ 3♥ ranks higher than 7♥ 7♦ 7♠ 7♣ Q♥, which ranks higher than 7♥ 7♦ 7♠ 7♣ 10♠. Four of a kind hands that differ by suit alone, such as 4♣ 4♠ 4♦ 4♥ 9♣ and 4♣ 4♠ 4♦ 4♥ 9♦, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: Full house[edit]

text: A full house, also known as a full boat (and originally called a full hand), is a poker hand containing three cards of one rank and two cards of another rank, such as 3♣ 3♠ 3♦ 6♣ 6♥ (a "full house, threes over sixes" or "threes full of sixes" or "threes full").[18][19] It ranks below four of a kind and above a flush.[7]

text: There are 3,744 possible full house hands and 156 distinct ranks of full house when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each full house is ranked first by the rank of its triplet, and then by the rank of its pair. For example, 8♠ 8♦ 8♥ 7♦ 7♣ ranks higher than 4♦ 4♠ 4♣ 9♦ 9♣, which ranks higher than 4♦ 4♠ 4♣ 5♣ 5♦. Full house hands that differ by suit alone, such as K♣ K♠ K♦ J♣ J♠ and K♣ K♥ K♦ J♣ J♥, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: Flush[edit]

text: A flush is a poker hand containing five cards all of the same suit, not all of sequential rank, such as K♣ 10♣ 7♣ 6♣ 4♣ (a "king-high flush" or a "king-ten-high flush").[20] It ranks below a full house and above a straight.[7]  Under ace-to-five low rules, flushes are not recognized, and a hand that would be categorized as a flush is instead a high card hand.[9]

text: There are 5,108 possible flush hands and 1,277 distinct ranks of flush under high rules when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each flush is ranked first by the rank of its highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its second highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its third highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its fourth highest-ranking card, and finally by the rank of its lowest-ranking card. For example, K♦ J♦ 9♦ 6♦ 4♦ ranks higher than Q♣ J♣ 7♣ 6♣ 5♣, which ranks higher than J♥ 10♥ 9♥ 4♥ 2♥, which ranks higher than J♠ 10♠ 8♠ 6♠ 3♠, which ranks higher than J♥ 10♥ 8♥ 4♥ 3♥, which ranks higher than J♣ 10♣ 8♣ 4♣ 2♣. Flush hands that differ by suit alone, such as 10♦ 8♦ 7♦ 6♦ 5♦ and 10♠ 8♠ 7♠ 6♠ 5♠, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: Straight[edit]

text: A straight is a poker hand containing five cards of sequential rank, not all of the same suit, such as 7♣ 6♠ 5♠ 4♥ 3♥ (a "seven-high straight"). It ranks below a flush and above three of a kind.[7] As part of a straight, an ace can rank either above a king or below a two, depending on the rules of the game. Under high rules, an ace can rank either high (e.g. A♦ K♣ Q♣ J♦ 10♠ is an ace-high straight) or low (e.g. 5♣ 4♦ 3♥ 2♥ A♠ is a five-high straight), but the ace cannot rank both high and low in the same hand (e.g. Q♠ K♠ A♣ 2♥ 3♦ is an ace-high high-card hand, not a straight).[8][14] Under deuce-to-seven low rules, aces can only rank high, so a hand such as 5♥ 4♠ 3♥ 2♣ A♦ is actually an ace-high high-card hand. Under ace-to-six low rules, aces can only rank low, so a hand such as A♣ K♠ Q♠ J♦ 10♠ is actually a king-high high-card hand.[15] Under ace-to-five low rules, straights are not recognized, and a hand that would be categorized as a straight is instead a high-card hand.[9]

text: There are 10,200 possible straight hands and 10 distinct ranks of straight under high rules when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each straight is ranked by the rank of its highest-ranking card. For example, J♥ 10♥ 9♣ 8♠ 7♥ ranks higher than 10♠ 9♠ 8♣ 7♥ 6♠, which ranks higher than 6♣ 5♠ 4♥ 3♠ 2♦. Straight hands that differ by suit alone, such as 9♣ 8♣ 7♣ 6♦ 5♦ and 9♠ 8♠ 7♠ 6♥ 5♥, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: An ace-high straight, such as A♣ K♣ Q♦ J♠ 10♠, is otherwise known as a broadway straight,[21] while a five-high straight, such as 5♠ 4♦ 3♦ 2♠ A♥, is otherwise known as a baby straight,[22] bicycle or wheel and is the best possible hand in ace-to-five low games, where it is instead categorized as a high card hand.[23][24]

text: Three of a kind[edit]

text: Three of a kind, also known as trips or a set, is a poker hand containing three cards of the same rank and two cards of two other ranks (the kickers), such as 2♦ 2♠ 2♣ K♠ 6♥ ("three of a kind, twos" or "trip twos" or a "set of twos"). It ranks below a straight and above two pair.[7]

text: There are 54,912 possible three of a kind hands and 858 distinct ranks of three of a kind when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each three of a kind is ranked first by the rank of its triplet, then by the rank of its highest-ranking kicker, and finally by the rank of its lowest-ranking kicker. For example, 6♥ 6♦ 6♠ Q♣ 4♠ ranks higher than 3♦ 3♠ 3♣ K♠ 2♠, which ranks higher than 3♦ 3♠ 3♣ J♣ 7♥, which ranks higher than 3♦ 3♠ 3♣ J♠ 5♦. Three of a kind hands that differ by suit alone, such as 9♠ 9♥ 9♦ 10♦ 8♥ and 9♣ 9♠ 9♥ 10♦ 8♦, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: In community card games, such as Texas hold 'em, three of a kind is called a set only when it comprises a pocket pair and a third card on the board.[25]

text: Two pair[edit]

text: Two pair is a poker hand containing two cards of the same rank, two cards of another rank and one card of a third rank (the kicker), such as J♥ J♣ 4♣ 4♠ 9♥ ("two pair, jacks and fours" or "two pair, jacks over fours" or "jacks up").[18][26] It ranks below three of a kind and above one pair.[7]

text: There are 123,552 possible two pair hands and 858 distinct ranks of two pair when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each two pair is ranked first by the rank of its highest-ranking pair, then by the rank of its lowest-ranking pair, and finally by the rank of its kicker. For example, 10♦ 10♠ 2♠ 2♣ K♣ ranks higher than 5♣ 5♠ 4♦ 4♥ 10♥, which ranks higher than 5♣ 5♠ 3♣ 3♦ Q♠, which ranks higher than 5♣ 5♠ 3♣ 3♦ J♠. Two pair hands that differ by suit alone, such as K♦ K♠ 7♦ 7♥ 8♥ and K♣ K♠ 7♣ 7♥ 8♣, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: One pair[edit]

text: One pair, or simply a pair, is a poker hand containing two cards of the same rank and three cards of three other ranks (the kickers), such as 4♥ 4♠ K♠ 10♦ 5♠ ("one pair, fours" or a "pair of fours"). It ranks below two pair and above high card.[7]

text: There are 1,098,240 possible one pair hands and 2,860 distinct ranks of one pair when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each one pair is ranked first by the rank of its pair, then by the rank of its highest-ranking kicker, then by the rank of its second highest-ranking kicker, and finally by the rank of its lowest-ranking kicker. For example, 9♣ 9♦ Q♠ J♥ 5♥ ranks higher than 6♦ 6♥ K♠ 7♥ 4♣, which ranks higher than 6♦ 6♥ Q♥ J♠ 2♣, which ranks higher than 6♦ 6♥ Q♠ 8♣ 7♦, which ranks higher than 6♦ 6♥ Q♦ 8♥ 3♠. One pair hands that differ by suit alone, such as 8♠ 8♦ 10♥ 6♣ 5♠ and 8♥ 8♣ 10♣ 6♠ 5♣, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: High card[edit]

text: High card, also known as no pair or simply nothing, is a poker hand containing five cards not all of sequential rank or of the same suit, and none of which are of the same rank, such as K♥ J♥ 8♣ 7♦ 4♠ ("high card, king" or "king-jack-high" or "king-high").[18][27] Under ace-to-five low rules, where straights, flushes and straight flushes are not recognized, hands that would fall into these categories are also high card hands.[9] It ranks below one pair.[7]

text: There are 1,302,540 possible high cards hands and 1,277 distinct ranks of high card hand under high rules when using a standard 52-card deck.[12] Each high card hand is ranked first by the rank of its highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its second highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its third highest-ranking card, then by the rank of its fourth highest-ranking card, and finally by the rank of its lowest-ranking card. For example, K♠ 6♣ 5♥ 3♦ 2♣ ranks higher than Q♠ J♦ 6♣ 5♥ 3♣, which ranks higher than Q♠ 10♦ 8♣ 7♦ 4♠, which ranks higher than Q♥ 10♥ 7♣ 6♥ 4♠, which ranks higher than Q♣ 10♣ 7♦ 5♣ 4♦, which ranks higher than Q♥ 10♦ 7♠ 5♠ 2♥. High card hands that differ by suit alone, such as 10♣ 8♠ 7♠ 6♥ 4♦ and 10♦ 8♦ 7♠ 6♣ 4♣, are of equal rank.[8][14]

text: Under deuce-to-seven low rules, a seven-five-high hand, such as 7♠ 5♣ 4♦ 3♦ 2♣, is the best possible hand.[28] Under ace-to-six low rules, where aces have the lowest rank, a six-four-high hand, such as 6♣ 4♠ 3♥ 2♥ A♦, is the best possible hand.[29] Under ace-to-five low rules, where aces have the lowest rank and straights, flushes and straight flushes are not recognized, a five-high hand, such as 5♣ 4♠ 3♥ 2♥ A♦ or 5♠ 4♠ 3♠ 2♠ A♠, commonly known as a bicycle or wheel, is the best possible hand.[9][23]


document_title: Krispy Kreme UK

question_text: where was the first krispy kreme store located

text: Krispy Kreme UK

text: Conception[edit]

text: In October 2003, Krispy Kreme Doughnuts opened their first store location in the United Kingdom. The store situated in the world-famous Harrods department store in London became one of 35 stores in the UK, but it closed in June 2011. A Leeds store opened on 5 July 2010 and was the furthest away from the Greater London area until September 2012, which saw the opening of the Gateshead store situated in the MetroCentre. 3 Stores have been opened in Manchester and were the furthest away from the Greater London area until the Leeds and Gateshead locations opened. (Krispy Kreme no longer has franchise opportunities or development rights available in the United Kingdom, according to its website). Other stores outside Greater London include Birmingham (inside Selfridges), Oxford, Portsmouth (2 locations), Southampton, Milton Keynes, Brighton, Gatwick Airport, Hull in St Stephen's Shopping Centre, Telford, Stansted Airport, Preston, Lancashire and Luton Airport.

text: Krispy Kreme's 2003 UK arrival coincides with the 2002 departure of its major competitor Dunkin' Donuts from the UK, which met with much less success than Krispy Kreme and operated only 10 stores, 1 in Westfield Merry Hill, (near Birmingham), 1 in Birmingham city centre, 4 in London [1]

text: At the end of March 2011, business.scotsman.com reported that Krispy Kreme plan to expand into Scotland in 2011 opening outlets in Glasgow and Edinburgh.[2] Krispy Kreme later stated that while Edinburgh and Glasgow were plausible locations for future outlets, no plans had been announced.[3] In October 2011, it was announced by Edinburgh Planning that an application for planning permission at Hermiston Gait had been approved along with KFC. Krispy Kreme subsequently opened their first store in Scotland on 13 February 2013.[4] It progressed further and opened another store in Glasgow at Braehead on 2 December at 7am.

text: In Wales at least Two stores located in the Cardiff Saint Davids Centre, Newport Friars Walk Shopping Centre what opened in 2015 and Store in Swansea Quadrant Centre what opened on 7 September 2017, along with local Tesco stores featuring Krispy Kreme kiosks immediately upon entering the stores [5].

text: Products[edit]

text: Krispy Kreme Doughnuts offer 16 varieties of doughnuts in the UK plus the occasional feature doughnut.[6]


document_title: Pellicle

question_text: where is the pellicle found within a protozoan

text: Pellicle

text: Look up pellicle in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

text: Pellicle may refer to:

text:
Pellicle (biology), a thin layer supporting the cell membrane in various protozoa
Pellicle mirror, a thin plastic membrane which may be used as a beam splitter or protective cover in optical systems
Pellicle (dental), the thin layer of salivary glycoproteins deposited on the teeth of many species through normal biologic processes
Pellicle, the protective cover which can be applied to a photomask used in semiconductor device fabrication. The pellicle protects the photomask from damage and dirt
Pellicle, the growth on the surface of a liquid culture, as in SCOBY
Pellicle (cooking), a skin or coating of proteins on the surface of meat, fish or poultry, which allow smoke to better adhere the surface of the meat during the smoking process.
Pellicle (material), a brand name for a very resistant synthetic material used for covering different surfaces, such as that of the Aeron chair

tag: ul

text:
Disambiguation page providing links to articles with similar titles
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Pellicle.
If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

text: Disambiguation pages

text: Disambiguation pages with short descriptionAll article disambiguation pagesAll disambiguation pages


document_title: Basic life support

question_text: what is the first step in basic life support

text: Basic life support

text: Background[edit]

text: Many countries have guidelines on how to provide basic life support (BLS) which are formulated by professional medical bodies in those countries. The guidelines outline algorithms for the management of a number of conditions, such as cardiac arrest, choking and drowning. BLS does not include the use of drugs or invasive skills, and can be contrasted with the provision of Advanced Life Support (ALS). Firefighters, lifeguards, and police officers are often required to be BLS certified. BLS skills are also appropriate for many other professions, such as daycare providers, teachers and security personnel and social workers especially working in the hospitals and ambulance drivers.

text: CPR provided in the field increases the time available for higher medical responders to arrive and provide ALS care. An important advance in providing BLS is the availability of the automated external defibrillator or AED. This improves survival outcomes in cardiac arrest cases.[1]

text: Basic life support promotes adequate blood circulation in addition to breathing through a clear airway:

text:
Circulation: providing an adequate blood supply to tissue, especially critical organs, so as to deliver oxygen to all cells and remove metabolic waste, via the perfusion of blood throughout the body.
Airway: the protection and maintenance of a clear passageway for gases (principally oxygen and carbon dioxide) to pass between the lungs and the atmosphere.
Breathing: inflation and deflation of the lungs (respiration) via the airway

text: These goals are codified in mnemonics such as ABC and CAB. The American Heart Association (AHA) endorses CAB in order to emphasize the primary importance of chest compressions in cardiopulmonary resuscitation.[2]

text: Healthy people maintain the CABs by themselves. In an emergency situation, due to illness (medical emergency) or trauma, BLS helps the patient ensure his or her own CABs, or assists in maintaining for the patient who is unable to do so. For airways, this will include manually opening the patients airway (Head tilt/Chin lift or jaw thrust) or possible insertion of oral (Oropharyngeal airway) or nasal (Nasopharyngeal airway) adjuncts, to keep the airway unblocked (patent). For breathing, this may include artificial respiration, often assisted by emergency oxygen. For circulation, this may include bleeding control or cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) techniques to manually stimulate the heart and assist its pumping action.

text: United States[edit]

text: Basic Life Support Emergency Medical Services in the United States is generally identified with Emergency Medical Technicians-Basic (EMT-B). However, the American Heart Association's BLS protocol is designed for use by laypeople, as well as students and others certified first responder, and to some extent, higher medical function personnel. It includes cardiac arrest, respiratory arrest, drowning, and foreign body airway obstruction (FBAO, or choking). EMT-B is the highest level of healthcare provider that is limited to the BLS protocol; higher medical functions use some or all of the Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) protocols, in addition to BLS protocols.

text: Chain of survival[edit]

text: The medical algorithm for providing basic life support to adults in the USA was published in 2005 in the journal Circulation by the American Heart Association.[3]

text: The AHA uses a four-link "chain of survival" to illustrate the steps needed to resuscitate a collapsed victim:

text:
Early recognition of the emergency and activation of emergency medical services
Early bystander CPR, so as not to delay treatment until arrival of EMS
Early use of a defibrillator
Early advanced life support and post-resuscitation care

tag: ol

text: Bystanders with training in BLS can perform the first three of the four steps.[4]

text: The AHA-recommended steps for resuscitation are known as DRS CABCDE:

text:
Check for Danger
Check for a Response
Send or shout for help
C directs rescuers to first attend to Catastrophic haemorrhage (life-threatening bleeding) and to stop the bleeding if possible.
A directs rescuers to open the Airway and look into the mouth for obvious obstruction.  Also to apply a 'head tilt chin lift' or 'jaw thrust' to open the airway.
B directs rescuers to check Breathing for 10 seconds by listening for breath at the patients nose and mouth and observe the chest for regular rising and falling breathing movements.
C directs rescuers to maintain Circulation which may be through administration of chest compressions for Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR).
D directs rescuers to identify Disabilities (e.g. diabetic or any allergies), Damage (identify broken bones or any minor bleeding), Devices (including use of AED devices available and follow prompts) and Dry (if casualty is very wet, an AED device will pass current through body surface water and will harm the casualty).
E directs rescuers to take the environment into consideration for weather, location and crowds.

text: If the patient is unresponsive and not breathing, the responder begins CPR with chest compressions at a rate of 120 beats per minute in cycles of 30 chest compressions to 2 breaths.  If responders are unwilling or unable to perform rescue breathing, they are to perform compression-only CPR, because any attempt at resuscitation is better than no attempt.  For children, for whom the main cause of cardiac arrest is from breathing related issues, 5 initial rescue breaths is highly advised followed by the same 30-2 cycles.

text: BLS for Healthcare Providers Course[edit]

text: According to the American Heart Association, in order to be certified in BLS, a student must take an online or in-person course. However, an online BLS course must be followed with an in-person skills session in order to obtain a certification issued by The American Heart Association.[5]

text: Adult BLS sequence[edit]

text:
C-A-B is recommended in the new AHA EU guidelines so as to ensure the blood supply to the vital organs and to prevent degeneration of the brain cells .  Keeping these facts as such follow the sequence introduced by AHA guidelines 2010 recommendations C-A-B should be followed in learning and teaching BLS.
Ensure that the scene is safe.
Assess the victim's level of consciousness by asking loudly and shaking at the shoulders "Are you okay?" and scan chest for breathing movement visually. If no response call for help by shouting for an ambulance and ask for an AED.

text: Assess:* If the patient is breathing normally, and pulse is present then the patient should be placed in the recovery position and monitored.  Transport if required, or wait for the EMS to arrive and take over.

text: If patient is not breathing assess pulse at the carotid on your side for an adult, at the brachial for a child and infant for 6 seconds and not more than 10 seconds; begin immediately with chest compressions at a rate of 30 chest compressions in 18 seconds followed by two rescue breaths in 4 seconds each lasting for 2 second.

text: If the victim has no suspected cervical spine trauma, open the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift maneuver; if the victim has suspected neck trauma, the airway should be opened with the jaw-thrust technique.  If the jaw-thrust is ineffective at opening/maintaining the airway, a very careful head-tilt/chin-lift should be performed.

text: Blind finger-sweeps are strongly discouraged and should never be performed, as they may push foreign objects further into the airway. This procedure has been discarded from current practice as this may push the foreign body down the airway and increase chances of an obstruction.

text: Continue chest compression at a rate of 100 compressions per minute for all age groups, allowing chest to recoil in between.  For adults push up to 2-2.4inches,ie,6 cm and for child up to 2 inches,ie,5 cm.  For infants 1-1.5 inches,ie,4 cm or 1/3 of the chest diameter antero-posteriorly.

text:
Keep counting aloud.  Press hard and fast maintaining the rate of at about 100/minute.  Allow recoil of chest fully between each compression.  In adults,irrespective of the number or rescuers, for every 30 chest compressions give two rescue breaths and in child victim, give 2 breaths per 30 compression if only 1 rescuer is present,but 2 breaths per 15 compressions in case where there are 2 rescuers.
Continue for five cycles or two minutes before re-assessing pulse.
Attempt to administer two artificial ventilations using the mouth-to-mouth technique, or a bag-valve-mask (BVM).  The mouth-to-mouth technique is no longer recommended, unless a face shield is present.  Verify that the chest rises and falls; if it does not, reposition (i.e. re-open) the airway using the appropriate technique and try again.  If ventilation is still unsuccessful, and the victim is unconscious, it is possible that they have a foreign body in their airway.  Begin chest compressions, stopping every 30 compressions, re-checking the airway for obstructions, removing any found, and re-attempting ventilation.
If the ventilations are successful, assess for the presence of a pulse at the carotid artery.  If a pulse is detected, then the patient should continue to receive artificial ventilations at an appropriate rate and transported immediately.  Otherwise, begin CPR at a ratio of 30:2 compressions to ventilation's at 100 compressions/minute for 5 cycles.
After 5 cycles of CPR, the BLS protocol should be repeated from the beginning, assessing the patient's airway, checking for spontaneous breathing, and checking for a spontaneous pulse as per new protocol sequence C-A-B.  Laypersons are commonly instructed not to perform re-assessment, but this step is always performed by healthcare professionals (HCPs).If an AED is available it should be activated immediately and its directives followed and (if indicated), call for clearance before defibrillation/shock should be performed.  If defibrillation is performed, begin chest compression immediately after shock.
BLS protocols continue until (1) the patient regains a pulse, (2) the rescuer is relieved by another rescuer of equivalent or higher training (see patient abandonment), (3) the rescuer is too physically tired to continue CPR, or (4) the patient is pronounced dead by a medical doctor or other approved healthcare provider.[3]
At the end of five cycles of CPR, always perform assessment via the AED for a shockable rhythm, and if indicated, defibrillate, and repeat assessment before doing another five cycles.

text: Drowning[edit]

text: Rescuers should provide CPR as soon as an unresponsive victim is removed from the water. In particular, rescue breathing is important in this situation.

text: A lone rescuer is typically advised to give CPR for a short time before leaving the victim to call emergency medical services.

text: Since the primary cause of cardiac arrest and death in drowning and choking victims is hypoxia, it is more important to provide rescue breathing as quickly as possible in these situations, whereas for victims of VF cardiac arrest chest compressions and defibrillation are more important.

text: Hypothermia[edit]

text:
In unresponsive victims with hypothermia, the breathing and pulse should be checked for 30 to 45 seconds as both breathing and heart rate can be very slow in this condition.
If cardiac arrest is confirmed, CPR should be started immediately. Wet clothes should be removed, and the victim should be insulated from wind. CPR should be continued until the victim is assessed by advanced care providers.

text: Choking[edit]

text: Choking can occur from foreign body airway obstruction.

text:
Rescuers should intervene in victims who show signs of severe airway obstruction, such as a silent cough, cyanosis, or inability to speak or breathe.
If a victim is coughing forcefully, rescuers should not interfere with this process.
If a victim shows signs of severe airway obstruction, abdominal thrusts should be applied in rapid sequence until the obstruction is relieved. If this is not effective, chest thrusts can also be used. Chest thrusts can also be used in obese victims or victims in late pregnancy. Abdominal thrusts should not be used in infants under 1 year of age due to risk of causing injury.
If a victim becomes unresponsive he should be lowered to the ground, and the rescuer should call emergency medical services and initiate CPR. When the airway is opened during CPR, the rescuer should look into the mouth for an object causing obstruction, and remove it if it is evident.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: This article needs to be updated. Please update this section to reflect recent events or newly available information. (November 2011)

text: Adult BLS guidelines in the United Kingdom were also published in 2005 by the Resuscitation Council (UK),[6] based on the 2005 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) published in November 2005.[7]

text: Adult[edit]

text:
Ensure the safety of the victim, the rescuer, and any bystanders.
Check the victim for a response by gently shaking the victim's shoulders and asking loudly "Are you all right?"
If the victim responds, leave him in the position in which he was found provided there is no further danger, try to find out what is wrong with him and get help if needed, and reassess him regularly.
If the victim does not respond, turn him on to his back and open the airway using the head-tilt/chin-lift. Shout for help.
Look, listen and feel for normal breathing for no more than 10 seconds. If the victim is breathing normally, turn him into the recovery position and get help. Continue to check for breathing.
If the victim is not breathing normally, call for an ambulance.

text: These guidelines differ from previous versions in a number of ways:

text:
They allow the rescuer to diagnose cardiac arrest if the victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally.
Rescuers are taught to give chest compressions in the center of the chest, rather than measuring from the lower border of the sternum.
Rescue breaths should be given over 1 second rather than 2 seconds.
For an adult victim, the initial 2 rescue breaths should be omitted, so that 30 chest compressions are given immediately after a cardiac arrest has been diagnosed.

text: These changes were introduced to simplify the algorithm, to allow for faster decision making and to maximize the time spent giving chest compressions; this is because interruptions in chest compressions have been shown to reduce the chance of survival.[8] It is also acknowledged that rescuers may either be unable, or unwilling, to give effective rescue breaths; in this situation, continuing chest compressions alone is advised, although this is only effective for about 5 minutes.[9]

text: Adult choking[edit]

text:
Assess the severity of airway obstruction. If the victim is able to speak and cough effectively, the obstruction is mild. If the victim is unable to speak or cough effectively, or is unable to breathe or is breathing with a wheezy sound, the airway obstruction is severe.
If the victim has signs of mild airway obstruction, encourage him to continue coughing; do nothing else.
If the victim has signs of severe airway obstruction, and is conscious, give up to 5 back blows (sharp blows between the shoulder blades with the victim leaning well forwards). Check to see if the obstruction has cleared after each blow. If 5 back blows fail to relieve the obstruction, give up to 5 abdominal thrusts, again checking if each attempt has relieved the obstruction.
If the obstruction is still present, and the victim still conscious, continue alternating 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts.
If the victim becomes unconscious, lower him to the ground, call an ambulance, and begin CPR.

text: Other countries[edit]

text: The term BLS is also used in some non-English speaking countries (e.g. in Italy[10]) for the education of first responders.

text:
Spain: SVB (soporte vital básico)
Belgium: aide médicale urgente ("emergency medical assistance")/ EHBO (eerste hulp bij ongelukken, "first aid")
Brazil: SBV (Suporte básico de vida)
France: PSE 1 & PSE 2 (Premiers Secours en Equipe niveaux 1 & 2), "First Aid as part of a team," level 2 includes stretchering and teamwork, (former CFAPSE before 2007 Certificat de Formation aux Activités des Premiers Secours en Equipe, "Training certificate for first aid teamwork")
Poland: Podstawowe zabiegi resuscytacyjne/ KPP (Kwalifikowana pierwsza pomoc)
Portugal: SBV (Suporte Básico de Vida)
Germany: Lebensrettende Sofortmaßnahmen (basic life support)
Romania: SVB (support vital de bază)
Netherlands: BLS ("first aid" is referred to as EHBO (Eerste hulp bij ongelukken))
Turkey: TYD (temel yaşam desteği, "basic life support")


document_title: Married at First Sight (Australian TV series)

question_text: when does married at first sight new season start

text: Season overview[edit]

text:
Season

Episodes

Originally aired

Season premiere

Season finale

1

6

18 May 2015

22 June 2015

2

7

4 April 2016

27 April 2016

3

8

29 August 2016

13 September 2016

4

29

30 January 2017

3 April 2017

5

32

29 January 2018

21 March 2018

6

2019

2019

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text: During the first season, four female contestants were matched with their ‘perfect’ male partner by a panel of experts. In the first episode, two couples (Michael & Roni, Clare & Lachlan) met and wed. In the second episode, another two couples (Zoe & Alex, Michelle & James) did the same. They all embarked on married life together for the rest of the season.[8] In the fourth episode, all couples meet each other for the first time and discuss their current experiences.

text: Couples[edit]

text:
#

Couple

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Final Decision

Status

1

Lachlan McAleer

36

Sydney, New South Wales

Farmer

Yes

Separated

Clare Tamas

37

Sydney, New South Wales

Marketing Manager

2

Roni Azzopardi

32

Melbourne, Victoria

Payroll Manager

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Michael O'Dea

31

Melbourne, Victoria

Event Manager

3

Zoe Hendrix

25

Melbourne, Victoria

Digital Marketing Executive

Yes

Separated

Alex Garner

29

Melbourne, Victoria

Plumber

4

Michelle Worsley

34

Sydney, New South Wales

Communications Manager

Yes

Separated

James Webster

36

Sydney, New South Wales

Sign Writer

text: Lachlan & Clare[edit]

text: Lachlan and Clare met and wed in Sydney in the show's first episode. Despite their decision to continue their relationship at the end of the season, Lachlan and Clare revealed they had split but remain good friends.[9] The Nine Network announced on 26 June 2015, that Lachlan would participate in the networks upcoming revival of The Farmer Wants a Wife.[10]

text: Roni & Michael[edit]

text: Roni and Michael met and wed in Melbourne in the show's first episode. By the fifth episode, Roni and Michael found that their relationship was not working for them and they mutually decided to split.[11]

text: Zoe & Alex[edit]

text: Zoe and Alex met and wed in Melbourne in the show's second episode. Following the conclusion of the season, Zoe and Alex are the only couple currently still together. In March 2016, Zoe and Alex revealed that they are planning to get married legally.[12] After suffering a miscarriage in June 2015,[9] Zoe and Alex revealed that they were expecting their first child in October 2016.[13] On November 14, 2016, Zoe gave birth to their baby girl named Harper-Rose Garner. On April 17th 2018, Zoe announced via Instagram her and Alex had sadly split up.[14]

text: James & Michelle[edit]

text: James and Michelle met and wed in Sydney in the show's second episode. In early June 2015, news reports revealed that James and Michelle had split, with Michelle having remarried to a former boyfriend.[15] It was revealed that the two are no longer in contact with each other.[9]

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text: After airing only one episode, the Nine Network on 19 May 2015, announced that the series had been renewed for a second season which aired on 4 April 2016.[16] During the second season, four female contestants are matched with their ‘perfect’ male partner by a panel of experts. In the first episode, two couples (Erin & Bryce, Christie & Mark) meet and wed. In the second episode, another two couples (Clare & Jono, Simone & Xavier) do the same. They all embark on married life together for the rest of the series. In the fifth episode, all couples meet each other for the first time and discuss their current experiences.

text: Couples[edit]

text:
#

Couple

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Final Decision

Status

1

Erin Bateman

26

Melbourne, Victoria

Retail Manager

Yes

Currently Together

Bryce Mohr

31

Melbourne, Victoria

Business Analyst

2

Christie Jordee

39

Sydney, New South Wales

Business Owner

Yes

Separated

Mark Hughes

36

Gippsland, Victoria

Farmer

3

Clare Verrall

32

Melbourne, Victoria

Recruitment Consultant

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Jono Pitman

28

Melbourne, Victoria

Tradie

4

Simone Lee Brennan

29

Sydney, New South Wales

Make-Up Artist

No

Separated

Xavier Forsberg

26

Sydney, New South Wales

Sales Manager

text: Erin & Bryce[edit]

text: Erin and Bryce met and wed in Melbourne in the show's first episode. In the final episode, they both decided to stay together. They are the only couple currently still together.[17] Since the show ended Erin has started her own fashion label called Boy Is Mine[18] and is writing a fashion lifestyle blog, erinbateman.com.[19]

text: Christie & Mark[edit]

text: Christie and Mark met and wed in Sydney in the show's first episode. In the final episode, they both decided to stay together. On 15 June 2016, they announced that they had split up.[19]

text: Clare & Jono[edit]

text: Clare and Jono met and wed in Melbourne in the show's second episode and quickly became the season's most controversial couple. By the fifth episode, Clare decided that their relationship was not working as she felt 'uncomfortable' with Jono's constant aggressive outbursts and she decided to end the relationship prior to the couple's dinner.[20] After the show it was revealed by investigative journalist Siobhan Duck of the Herald Sun that Jono Pitman had previously been arrested and charged with assault after a bar brawl and completed a court ordered anger management course. Jono was then matched with Clare Verrall, who had been open about being attacked on the street by a stranger only months prior to filming[21] and suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder after the incident. A Nine Network spokesperson confirmed they were aware of Jono Pitman's violent history prior to coupling up the pair.[22][23]

text: Simone & Xavier[edit]

text: Simone and Xavier met and wed in Sydney in the show's second episode. In the final decision, Simone decided to walk away from the relationship and they are now separated.[19]

text: Season 3 (2016)[edit]

text: It was announced in February 2016 that show should would return with two seasons, season two & three, there will be a bold casting move this season. This season will be the first to include five couples & is set to include the series' first ever same-sex male couple.[5] During the third season, four female contestants are matched with their ‘perfect’ male partner & for the first time a male contestant is matched with his 'perfect' male partner by a panel of experts. In the first episode, two couples (Keller & Nicole, Mark & Monica) met and wed. In the second episode, another two couples (Jess & Dave, Bella & Michael) did the same. In the third episode, one more couple (Craig & Andy) were wed. They all embark on married life together for the rest of the series. In the sixth episode, all couples (bar one) meet each other for the first time and discuss their current experiences.[24]

text: Couples[edit]

text:
#

Couple

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Final Decision

Status

1

Craig Keller

26

Brisbane, Queensland

Mechanical Fitter

Yes

Separated

Nicole Heir

28

Gold Coast, Queensland

Teacher

2

Mark Ellam

30

Sydney, New South Wales

Firefighter

Yes

Separated

Monica Vanderkley

28

Sydney, New South Wales

Project Manager

3

Jess Wardrop

31

Sydney, New South Wales

Bank Officer

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Dave Crisp

28

Melbourne, Victoria

Account Manager

4

Bella Frizza

30

Gold Coast, Queensland

Radio Announcer

Yes

Separated

Michael Hughes

32

Brisbane, Queensland

Fashion Accessories Designer

5

Craig Roach

41

Gold Coast, Queensland

Hairdresser

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Andy Ankers

41

Sydney, New South Wales

Global Account Director

text: Keller & Nicole[edit]

text: Keller and Nicole met and wed in Brisbane in the show's first episode. In the final episode, they both decided to stay together.[25] Since filming, the couple have called it quits.[26]

text: Mark & Monica[edit]

text: Mark and Monica met and wed in Sydney in the show's first episode. In the final episode, they decided to stay in the relationship.[25] Since filming, the couple have decided to break up.[26]

text: Jess & Dave[edit]

text: Jess and Dave met and wed in Sydney in the show's second episode. In the fifth episode, Dave felt their relationship was going nowhere so they broke up.[27]

text: Bella & Michael[edit]

text: Bella and Michael met and wed in Brisbane in the show's second episode. In the final episode, they both agreed to stay together.[25] Since filming, the couple had decided to split up.[26]

text: Craig & Andy[edit]

text: Craig and Andy met and wed in New Zealand in the show's third episode. In the fifth episode, Craig decided to walk away from the relationship during the honeymoon, due to a lack of intimacy.[28]

text: Season 4 (2017)[edit]

text: It was announced on 12 September 2016 the season would return in 2017 with an extended series which saw 10 couples being wed.[29] During the fourth season, 10 female contestants were matched with their ‘perfect’ male partner by a panel of experts.[30] In the first episode, two couples (Cheryl & Jonathan, Susan & Sean) met and wed in Sydney and Melbourne. In the second episode, another two couples (Scarlett & Michael, Nadia & Anthony) met and wed in Sydney. In the third episode, two more couples (Alene & Simon, Vanessa & Andy) met and wed in Sydney and Melbourne respectively. In the fourth episode, another two couples (Lauren & Andrew, Deborah & John) met and wed in Sydney. In the fifth episode, the final two couples at the same time (Michelle & Jesse, Sharon & Nick) met and wed in Perth.

text: Couples[edit]

text:
#

Couple

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Final Decision

Status

1

Jonathan Troughton

30

Brisbane, Queensland

Entrepreneur

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Cheryl Maitland

25

Gold Coast, Queensland

Hair Salon Assistant

2

Sean Hollands

35

Maryborough, Queensland

Farmer

No

Separated

Susan Rawlings

37

Perth, Western Australia

Mining Truck Driver

3

Michael Tomic

30

Perth, Western Australia

Data Entry Clerk/Stripper

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Scarlett Cooper

30

Sydney, New South Wales

Aspiring Author

4

Nadia Stamp

36

Brisbane, Queensland

Flight Attendant/Model

No

Separated

Anthony Manton

33

Sydney, New South Wales

Racing Broadcaster

5

Simon McQuillan

36

Ipswich, Queensland

Business Owner

Yes

Separated

Alene Khatcherian

31

Sydney, New South Wales

Registered Nurse

6

Andy Hills

30

Gold Coast, Queensland

Aerodrome Plant Operator

No

Separated

Vanessa Belvedere

31

Melbourne, Victoria

Student

7

Lauren Bran

33

Sydney, New South Wales

Automotive Aftermarket Sales

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Andrew Jones

38

Perth, Western Australia

Firefighter

8

John Robertson

53

Melbourne, Victoria

Business Owner

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Deborah Brosnan

53

Sunshine Coast, Queensland

Ex Model

9

Michelle Marsh

31

Perth, Western Australia

Commercial Cleaner

No

Separated

Jesse Konstantinoff

31

Adelaide, South Australia

Retailer

10

Sharon Marsh

31

Perth, Western Australia

Business Owner

Yes

Separated

Nick Furphy

30

Melbourne, Victoria

Carpenter

11

Cheryl Maitland

25

Gold Coast, Queensland

Hair Salon Assistant

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Andrew Jones

38

Perth, Western Australia

Firefighter

text: Jonathan & Cheryl[edit]

text: Despite having a good start, Jonathan and Cheryl began to develop cracks during their honeymoon in New Zealand. These cracks further deepened at the dinner party which resulted in Jonathan exchanging numbers with Scarlett and the duo spent the night texting. At the first commitment ceremony, Cheryl claimed she didn't wish to continue with Jonathan as "he seemed more interested in someone else". The duo called it quits at the commitment ceremony. Jonathan is now dating someone else.

text: Sean & Susan[edit]

text: Sean and Susan broke up but decided to "stay friends" citing the fact that they lived too far away from one another and Susan could not live on Sean's farm.[31] Since the show ended, Susan has not spoken to Sean and is said to be quite upset with the way the producers portrayed her.

text: Michael & Scarlett[edit]

text: Things started unraveling for the couple when Michael told Scarlett that he would not move to meet her halfway between their current states due to the fact that he was "established" and he thought that because she was less tied down so she could move to him. From that point they really only saw each other as friends and nothing really was going to happen as Scarlett was not Michael's dream girl. After the first commitment ceremony, the couple decided to go different ways and later that night it came out that Scarlett and Jonathan (Cheryl's husband) had sent text messages to each other for hours the night before.

text: Nadia & Anthony[edit]

text: As of the last Commitment Ceremony, they decided to stay together and Anthony said that Nadia would have to move in order for him to provide for them both as he was in a "niche market". Nadia turned up to the reunion dinner alone, and when asked where Anthony was she confided that he had dumped her the day after filming had stopped saying that "his feelings weren't progressing"

text: Simon & Alene[edit]

text: As of the Final Commitment Ceremony before the Final Decision they had both decided to stay and said that they told everyone that they had feelings for each other. They had decided to stay committed to each other after the experiment. They have since separated.

text: Andy & Vanessa[edit]

text: The Final Commitment Ceremony before the Final Decision they decided to stay, though the fact that they may have to do long distance for a while before they decides what happens may cause contention in the long run. Even though the difference in communication made it hard the couple have decided to stay together after the experiment. Andy and Vanessa broke up because of the difference in communication styles.

text: Lauren & Andrew[edit]

text: On the wedding night Lauren disappeared leaving Andrew unaware of her whereabouts. After a confrontation meeting, Lauren said she wanted to try again, but Andrew decided that he did not wish to continue the experiment with Lauren.[32] Andrew has since re-entered the experiment with Hair Salon Manager Cheryl. A friend of Lauren's has since done an interview in which she said the reason that Lauren ran away is because when she went out to a club with Andrew he started abusing a bouncer who wouldn't let them in because it was past 1am.

text: John & Deborah[edit]

text: After meeting and Deborah's initial disappointment that John was not a Polynesian man or someone with culture, John and Deborah seemed to get on each other's nerves because John was simply everything she hated. During the honeymoon in Samoa they ended up sleeping in separate beds, and John removed his wedding ring which caused further tension between them. At the commitment ceremony Deborah wanted to give it another crack and so they ended up staying, but the next day John left the experiment saying "They wouldn't be anything but friends and that's not what he was there for".

text: Michelle & Jesse[edit]

text: As of the Final Commitment Ceremony they are still together, despite Michelle's doubt on whether she sees Jesse more as a friend than her husband. In their Vow Renewal ceremony, Jesse told Michelle he wants to stay in the relationship but Michelle reveals to him that she wants him in her life forever, but not as her partner, they are now broken up.[33]

text: Sharon & Nick[edit]

text: As of the Final Commitment Ceremony they have decided to stay, Nick even going so far as to say "That he would go where as long as Sharon was by his side". Although the original plan was for Nick to move to Perth because of Sharon's cleaning business, Nick got news that his father has a medical condition so he is unable to leave his family as they would need his help. They have since broken up. Nick has renewed his membership at the strip club.

text: Cheryl & Andrew[edit]

text: After Cheryl left the experiment after the Jonathan & Scarlett texting scandal, she spoke to the experts and ask if they could set up a date between Andrew and herself. They went on two dates before they deciding that they would re-enter the experiment together as an unmarried couple, this caused controversy around the table at the dinner party as she was at the dinner the week prior with Jonathan. Even though the couple originally had some sparks, they were thrown into the deep end of the experiment having to jump right into the home stays, tensions started to rise when Andrew met Cheryl's abrasive father for the first time and it didn't go well, Andrew feeling like Cheryl didn't have his back enough against her bullying dad. Andrew chose to leave while Cheryl chose to stay to see if the relationship could be salvaged.

text: When the couples all had a family get together the couple was put into an intense boot camp to see if John the expert could overhaul the bond that they had. They decided to give it another go, but when the boys and girls night came about Andrew spent most of the night bagging out and putting down Cheryl even going as far to say that his runaway bride, Lauren, "was way more fun". Some of the boys took offense to this, namely Sean and Simon, and even silently Andy. Sean and Susan told Cheryl about it the next day but when Cheryl confronted Andrew about it he got snarky and condescending even going so far to start mimicking Cheryl. Andrew and Cheryl chose to leave the experiment at the Final Commitment Ceremony after the video of the boys night was aired to the girls.

text: Season 5 (2018)[edit]

text: In February 2017, the season was renewed for a fifth season which aired on January 29, 2018.[34] On 11 October 2017, the fifth season was officially confirmed at Nine’s upfronts and again will include 11 couples like the previous season. During the fifth season, 11 female contestants are matched with their ‘perfect’ male partner by a panel of experts. In the first episode, the first two couples (Tracey & Dean, Sarah & Telv) met and wed in Sydney and Melbourne.[35] In the second episode, another two couples (Jo & Sean, Alycia & Mat) met and wed in Sydney and Melbourne.[36] In the third episode, two more couples (Davina & Ryan, Charlene & Patrick) met and wed in Warrawong and Melbourne.[37] In the fifth episode, two more couples (Ashley & Troy, Melissa & John) met and wed in Gold Coast and Melbourne.[38] In the sixth episode, another two couples (Gabrielle & Nasser, Carly & Justin) met and wed in Sydney.[39] In the seventh episode, the final couple (Blair & Sean) met and wed in Sydney.[40]

text: Couples[edit]

text:
#

Couple

Age

Hometown

Occupation

Final Decision

Status

1

Sarah Roza

38

Melbourne, Victoria

Beauty Specialist

Yes

Separated

Telv Williams

33

Perth, Western Australia

Machinery Technician

2

Dean Wells

39

Sydney, New South Wales

Executive Creative Director

No

Separated

Tracey Jewel

34

Perth, Western Australia

Marketing Consultant

3

Mathew Lockett

32

Melbourne, Victoria

Plumber

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Alycia Galbraith

29

Adelaide, South Australia

Student

4

Jo McPharlin

39

Adelaide, South Australia

Single Mother

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Sean Donnelly

39

Adelaide, South Australia

Pub Manager

5

Davina Rankin

26

Brisbane, Queensland

Personal Trainer/Bikini Model

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Ryan Gallagher

29

Sydney, New South Wales

Tradesman

6

Charlene Perera

33

Melbourne, Victoria

Brand Manager

Yes

Separated

Patrick Miller

34

Melbourne, Victoria

Operations Manager

7

Melissa Walsh

53

Mornington Peninsula, Victoria

Journalist

Yes

Separated

John Robertson

54

Melbourne, Victoria

Business Owner

8

Troy Delmege

35

Sydney, New South Wales

IT Accounts Manager

No

Separated

Ashley Airvin

28

Brisbane, Queensland

Flight Attendant

9

Gabrielle Bartlett

44

Sydney, New South Wales

Marketing Coordinator/Plus Size Model

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Nasser Sultan

50

Sydney, New South Wales

Fitness Instructor

10

Justin Fischer

41

Sydney, New South Wales

Entrepreneur

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Carly Bowyer

32

Melbourne, Victoria

Marketing Manager

11

Sean Thomsen

34

Perth, Western Australia

Railway Technician

Broke up before final decision

Separated

Blair Rachel

31

Sydney, New South Wales

Executive Assistant

text: Sarah & Telv[edit]

text: As of the fifth commitment ceremony they were still together but are now separated.

text: Dean & Tracey[edit]

text: In the first commitment ceremony, Dean chose to leave (which blindsided Tracey), while Tracey decided to stay, meaning that they had to stay another week. When they had a second week he stepped up, but at the same time he started a secret flirtationship with Davina. At the dinner party, Dean hooked up with Davina, and at the end of the night Dean and Tracey decided to be intimate. Dean confessed that he had a thing with Davina and that he wanted to make it work with Tracey. As of the fifth commitment ceremony, they are still together. When it came to the vow renewal, Dean said yes and said that he was falling in love with Tracey, but a bomb was dropped when Tracey said that she could not get past the betrayal and hurt at the first two weeks of the experiment. She ultimately said no, leaving Dean gobsmacked at the 'altar'.

text: Mat & Alycia[edit]

text: They have left the experiment between the first and second commitment ceremonies.

text: Jo & Sean D[edit]

text: Jo and Sean met in the second episode of the weddings and from the start, Sean wasn't very interested. When the first commitment ceremony came about Jo decided to stay while Sean decided to leave so they had to stay. Even though Jo tried Sean had no communication. As of the second commitment, they have both decided to leave.

text: Davina & Ryan[edit]

text: Between the first and second commitment ceremonies, Davina started a secret flirtationship with Dean. At the dinner party, Davina hooked up with Dean, leading her to write leave at the second commitment ceremony. Ryan had written stay, so the couple had to stay another week. As of the third commitment ceremony Davina and Ryan have called it quits after the shock of Davina's cheating scandal.

text: Charlene & Patrick[edit]

text: At their final decision they stated that they would stay together and are still currently together to common knowledge. In March 2018, the couple announced they had split up.[41]

text: Melissa & John[edit]

text: As of the fifth commitment ceremony they are still in the experiment. At the Dinner Party, Melissa had to leave early due to her daughter being in labour, and as of the Commitment Ceremony there was still no baby so John was flying solo. From the fifth commitment ceremony they were still together and Melissa's daughter had welcomed a baby into the world.

text: Troy & Ashley[edit]

text:
As of the fifth commitment ceremony they are still in the experiment.
However at the altar both Ashley and Troy said the relationship wasn't working out.

text: Gabrielle & Nasser[edit]

text: As of the third commitment ceremony, Gabrielle decided to leave due to a lack of intimacy past the friend stage. Nasser decided to stay, and they came to an impasse at the end meaning that Nasser had a week to turn around. On the wife homestay, Gabrielle rented a apartment so that she wouldn't bring a strange man around her daughter. On the first night the bed broke and Nasser wanted to leave, but he stayed until they got into an argument and he left refusing to meet Gabrielle's friends who were on their way over for drinks and a chat. They finally left in the fifth ceremony, they were at peace with everything that went on

text: Justin & Carly[edit]

text: As of the second commitment ceremony Carly decided to leave where as Justin decided to stay, so they have to stay for another week. As of the third commitment ceremony, they have decided to stay even though they only spent three days at the homestay. After the blow up at the dinner party, Carly got fed up with Justin's lack of trying. They have decided to split up. A few weeks after the experiment she entered a relationship with Troy who originally married Ashley.

text: Sean T & Blair[edit]

text: They both choose to stay at the second commitment ceremony, but during the grooms home-stay, Sean revealed he had no feelings for Blair. He chose to leave at the third commitment ceremony, while Blair wanted to stay. Although obligated to work it out over the next week, Sean refused to go on Blair's home stay, essentially ending their relationship. Sean was  in a relationship  with Tracey who was in the experiment with Dean. But Recently it was announced that they had Broken up.

text: Season 6 (2019)[edit]

text: Viewership[edit]

text: Season ratings[edit]

text:
Season

Episodes

Originally aired

Preliminary

Consolidated

Season premiere

Season finale

Average viewers

Average rank

Average viewers

Average rank

1

6

18 May 2015

22 June 2015

1.115

#4

1.195

#3

2

7

4 April 2016

27 April 2016

0.915

#7

0.999

#6

3

8

29 August 2016

13 September 2016

0.880

#7

0.970

#5

4

29

30 January 2017

3 April 2017

1.081

#3

1.186

#2

5

32

29 January 2018

21 March 2018

1.223

#1

1.328

#1

6

2019

2019

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date

Overnight ratings
Consolidated ratings
Totalviewers

Ref(s)

Viewers
Rank
Viewers
Rank

1

Episode 1

18 May 2015

1,134,000
5
65,000
2
1,199,000

[42][43]

2

Episode 2

25 May 2015

1,103,000
4
77,000
2
1,180,000

[44][45]

3

Episode 3

1 June 2015

1,116,000
3
84,000
3
1,200,000

[46][47]

4

Episode 4

8 June 2015

971,000
7
99,000
6
1,070,000

[48][49]

5

Episode 5

15 June 2015

1,079,000
3
85,000
2
1,164,000

[50][51]

6

Episode 6

22 June 2015

1,290,000
1
71,000
1
1,361,000

[52][53]

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date

Overnight ratings
Consolidated ratings
Totalviewers

Ref(s)

Viewers
Rank
Viewers
Rank

1

Episode 1

4 April 2016

771,000
13
86,000
9
857,000

[54][55]

2

Episode 2

5 April 2016

905,000
6
91,000
5
996,000

[56][57]

3

Episode 3

11 April 2016

874,000
8
62,000
7
936,000

[58][59]

4

Episode 4

12 April 2016

880,000
8
85,000
6
965,000

[60][61]

5

Episode 5

18 April 2016

899,000
6
122,000
7
1,021,000

[62][63]

6

Episode 6

19 April 2016

831,000
9
93,000
8
924,000

[64][65]

7

Finale

27 April 2016

1,048,000
4
66,000
2
1,114,000

[66][67]

7

Finale - Follow Up

27 April 2016

1,110,000
1
66,000
1
1,176,000

[66][67]

text: Season 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date

Overnight ratings
Consolidated ratings
Totalviewers

Ref(s)

Viewers
Rank
Viewers
Rank

1

Episode 1

29 August 2016

805,000
11
74,000
7
879,000

[68][69]

2

Episode 2

30 August 2016

810,000
7
60,000
7
870,000

[70][71]

3

Episode 3

31 August 2016

788,000
9
79,000
7
867,000

[72][73]

4

Episode 4

5 September 2016

843,000
8
97,000
6
940,000

[74][75]

5

Episode 5

6 September 2016

919,000
5
93,000
4
1,012,000

[76][77]

6

Episode 6

7 September 2016

974,000
2
117,000
1
1,091,000

[78][79]

7

Episode 7

12 September 2016

814,000
9
100,000
8
914,000

[80][81]

8

Episode 8

13 September 2016

1,083,000
3
101,000
1
1,184,000

[82][83]

text: Season 4 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Timeslot

Overnight ratings
Consolidated ratings
Totalviewers

Ref(s)

Viewers
Rank
Viewers
Rank

1

Episode 1

30 January 2017
Monday 7:30pm

820,000
10
84,000
9
904,000

[84][85]

2

Episode 2

31 January 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

927,000
5
79,000
5
1,006,000

[86][87]

3

Episode 3

1 February 2017
Wednesday 7:30pm

824,000
6
75,000
5
899,000

[88][89]

4

Episode 4

5 February 2017
Sunday 7:00pm

909,000
4
90,000
4
999,000

[90][91]

5

Episode 5

6 February 2017
Monday 7:30pm

893,000
6
100,000
6
993,000

[92][93]

6

Episode 6

7 February 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

920,000
6
96,000
2
1,016,000

[94][95]

7

Episode 7

8 February 2017
Wednesday 7:30pm

905,000
6
112,000
3
1,017,000

[96][97]

8

Episode 8

12 February 2017
Sunday 7:00pm

1,064,000
3
103,000
2
1,167,000

[98][99]

9

Episode 9

13 February 2017
Monday 7:30pm

1,107,000
2
108,000
2
1,215,000

[100][101]

10

Episode 10

14 February 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,024,000
1
119,000
2
1,143,000

[102][103]

11

Episode 11

20 February 2017
Monday 7:30pm

1,096,000
2
96,000
2
1,192,000

[104][105]

12

Episode 12

21 February 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,062,000
2
152,000
2
1,214,000

[106][107]

13

Episode 13

26 February 2017
Sunday 7:00pm

1,113,000
1
129,000
1
1,242,000

[108][109]

14

Episode 14

27 February 2017
Monday 7:30pm

1,101,000
2
123,000
1
1,224,000

[110][111]

15

Episode 15

28 February 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,092,000
1
144,000
1
1,236,000

[112][113]

16

Episode 16

5 March 2017
Sunday 7:00pm

1,170,000
1
86,000
1
1,256,000

[114][115]

17

Episode 17

6 March 2017
Monday 7:30pm

1,099,000
1
101,000
1
1,200,000

[116][117]

18

Episode 18

7 March 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,122,000
1
117,000
1
1,239,000

[118][119]

19

Episode 19

12 March 2017
Sunday 7:00pm

1,160,000
1
91,000
1
1,251,000

[120][121]

20

Episode 20

13 March 2017
Monday 7:30pm

1,060,000
1
103,000
1
1,163,000

[122][123]

21

Episode 21

14 March 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,148,000
1
104,000
1
1,252,000

[124][125]

22

Episode 22

19 March 2017
Sunday 7:00pm

1,190,000
1
102,000
1
1,292,000

[126][127]

23

Episode 23

20 March 2017
Monday 7:30pm

1,239,000
1
108,000
1
1,347,000

[128][129]

24

Episode 24

21 March 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,194,000
1
93,000
1
1,287,000

[130][131]

25

Episode 25

26 March 2017
Sunday 7:00pm

1,157,000
1
72,000
1
1,229,000

[132][133]

26

Episode 26

27 March 2017
Monday 7:30pm

1,163,000
2
137,000
2
1,300,000

[134][135]

27

Episode 27

28 March 2017
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,034,000
5
112,000
2
1,146,000

[136][137]

28

Finale - Part 1

2 April 2017
Sunday 7:00pm

1,379,000
1
98,000
1
1,477,000

[138][139]

29

Finale - Part 2

3 April 2017
Monday 7:30pm

1,389,000
1
107,000
1
1,496,000

[140][141]

text: Season 5 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Timeslot

Overnight ratings
Consolidated ratings
Totalviewers

Ref(s)

Viewers
Rank
Viewers
Rank

1

Episode 1

29 January 2018
Monday 7:30pm

912,000
7
102,000
5
1,014,000

[142][143]

2

Episode 2

30 January 2018
Tuesday 7:30pm

907,000
5
101,000
4
1,008,000

[144][145]

3

Episode 3

31 January 2018
Wednesday 7:30pm

929,000
4
81,000
2
1,010,000

[146][147]

4

Episode 4

1 February 2018
Thursday 7:30pm

995,000
1
96,000
1
1,091,000

[148][149]

5

Episode 5

4 February 2018
Sunday 7:00pm

835,000
5
102,000
4
937,000

[150][151]

6

Episode 6

5 February 2018
Monday 7:30pm

879,000
6
101,000
4
978,000

[152][153]

7

Episode 7

6 February 2018
Tuesday 7:30pm

899,000
7
130,000
3
1,029,000

[154][155]

8

Episode 8

8 February 2018
Thursday 7:30pm

938,000
1
124,000
1
1,062,000

[156][157]

9

Episode 9

11 February 2018
Sunday 7:00pm

1,163,000
1
76,000
2
1,239,000

[158][159]

10

Episode 10

12 February 2018
Monday 7:30pm

1,158,000
1
89,000
2
1,247,000

[160][161]

11

Episode 11

13 February 2018
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,057,000
1
91,000
2
1,148,000

[162][163]

12

Episode 12

14 February 2018
Wednesday 7:30pm

1,133,000
1
107,000
1
1,240,000

[164][165]

13

Episode 13

18 February 2018
Sunday 7:00pm

1,351,000
1
101,000
1
1,452,000

[166][167]

14

Episode 14

19 February 2018
Monday 7:30pm

1,296,000
1
104,000
1
1,400,000

[168][169]

15

Episode 15

20 February 2018
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,233,000
1
104,000
1
1,337,000

[170][171]

16

Episode 16

21 February 2018
Wednesday 7:30pm

1,341,000
1
132,000
1
1,473,000

[172][173]

17

Episode 17

25 February 2018
Sunday 7:00pm

1,536,000
1
92,000
1
1,628,000

[174][175]

18

Episode 18

26 February 2018
Monday 7:30pm

1,325,000
1
107,000
1
1,432,000

[176][177]

19

Episode 19

27 February 2018
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,253,000
1
102,000
1
1,355,000

[178][179]

20

Episode 20

28 February 2018
Wednesday 7:30pm

1,315,000
1
127,000
1
1,442,000

[180][181]

21

Episode 21

4 March 2018
Sunday 7:00pm

1,535,000
1
108,000
1
1,643,000

[182][183]

22

Episode 22

5 March 2018
Monday 7:30pm

1,271,000
1
98,000
1
1,369,000

[184][185]

23

Episode 23

6 March 2018
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,267,000
1
119,000
1
1,386,000

[186][187]

24

Episode 24

7 March 2018
Wednesday 7:30pm

1,260,000
1
112,000
1
1,372,000

[188][189]

25

Episode 25

11 March 2018
Sunday 7:00pm

1,342,000
1
107,000
1
1,429,000

[190][191]

26

Episode 26

12 March 2018
Monday 7:30pm

1,256,000
1
102,000
1
1,358,000

[192][193]

27

Episode 27

13 March 2018
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,230,000
1
103,000
1
1,333,000

[194][195]

28

Episode 28

14 March 2018
Wednesday 7:30pm

1,188,000
1
132,000
1
1,320,000

[196][197]

29

Episode 29

18 March 2018
Sunday 7:00pm

1,446,000
1
76,000
1
1,522,000

[198][199]

30

Episode 30

19 March 2018
Monday 7:30pm

1,525,000
1
78,000
1
1,603,000

[200][201]

31

Finale - Part 1

20 March 2018
Tuesday 7:30pm

1,623,000
1
127,000
1
1,750,000

[202][203]

32

Finale - Part 2

21 March 2018
Wednesday 7:30pm

1,753,000
1
136,000
1
1,889,000

[204][205]

text: Season 6 (2019)[edit]

text: Controversy and legality[edit]

text: Before the first season went to air, an online petition calling for the series to be axed attracted over 15,000 signatures.[206]

text: There was also criticism that, unlike the original Danish series, such marriages would not be legal under Australian law. Channel 9 admitted that participants would not actually marry. A spokesman said "In order to comply with the Australian Marriage Act (1961) which requires one month and one day notification, a marriage in law was not conducted. Each participant embarked on a commitment ceremony with a wedding celebrant with all due intention to commit fully to this union for the duration of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, they are given the option to continue with the relationship or go their separate ways".[206]

text: Second season participant Simone Lee Brennan described the program as "never [being] portrayed to its full authenticity," suggesting the man she had been paired with, Xavier Forsberg, had been recruited by producers and was seeking a sports-presenting role, rather than an applicant also looking for a relationship.[207]


document_title: Sternal angle

question_text: which pair of ribs articulates with the sternum at the sternal angle

text: Sternal angle

text: Anatomy[edit]

text: The sternal angle, which varies around 162 degrees in males,[3] marks the approximate level of the 2nd pair of costal cartilages, which attach to the second ribs, and the level of the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5.[2] In clinical applications, the sternal angle can be palpated at the T4 vertebral level.

text: The sternal angle is used in the definition of the thoracic plane. This marks the level of a number of other anatomical structures:

text:
showStructures at the level of the thoracic plane edit

The start and end of the aortic arch
The division between the superior and inferior mediastinum
The upper margin of the superior vena cava [4]
The crossing of the thoracic duct
The bifurcation of the trachea [5]
The bifurcation of the pulmonary trunk
The level of the sternal angle
The level of Rib 2 where it attaches to the sternum via the 3nd costal cartilage
The body of vertebrae T4 (the disc between the vertebrae T4 and T5)
The drainage of the azygos vein into the superior vena cava
Thymus gland (in some cases)

text: The angle also marks a number of other features:

text:
Carina of the trachea is deep to the sternal angle

Passage of the thoracic duct from right to left behind esophagus

Ligamentum arteriosum

Loop of left recurrent laryngeal nerve around aortic arch

text: The angle is in the form of a secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis).

text: This is where the 2nd rib joins with the sternum. A clinically useful feature of the (manubriosternal) joint is that it can be palpated easily. This is because the manubrium normally angles posteriorly on the body of the sternum, forming a raised feature referred to as the sternal angle.

text: History[edit]

text: The sternal angle is also called the angle of Louis, but the reason for that name was lost. Once thought to be after Antoine Louis or Wilhelm Friedrich von Ludwig, it is now believed to be after Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis.[6]


document_title: List of U.S. states by African-American population

question_text: what is the african american population in new hampshire

text: By 2010 census results[edit]

text:
% African-American
Rank
State
African-American Alone
Population (2010)[1]

50.08%
7000100000000000000♠1
District of Columbia
305,074

37.30%
7000200000000000000♠2
Mississippi
1,074,200

32.4%
7000300000000000000♠3
Louisiana
1,506,534

31.4%
7000400000000000000♠4
Georgia
3,150,435

30.1%
7000500000000000000♠5
Maryland
1,798,593

28.48%
7000600000000000000♠6
South Carolina
1,290,684

26.38%
7000700000000000000♠7
Alabama
1,251,311

21.60%
7000800000000000000♠8
North Carolina
2,048,628

20.95%
7000900000000000000♠9
Delaware
191,814

19.91%
7001100000000000000♠10
Virginia
1,551,399

16.78%
7001110000000000000♠11
Tennessee
1,055,689

15.91%
7001120000000000000♠12
Florida
2,999,862

15.76%
7001130000000000000♠13
Arkansas
449,895

15.18%
7001140000000000000♠14
New York
3,073,800

14.88%
7001150000000000000♠15
Illinois
1,866,414

14.46%
7001160000000000000♠16
New Jersey
1,204,826

14.24%
7001170000000000000♠17
Michigan
1,400,362

12.04%
7001180000000000000♠18
Ohio
1,407,681

11.91%
7001190000000000000♠19
Texas
2,979,598

11.49%
7001200000000000000♠20
Missouri
704,043

10.79%
7001210000000000000♠21
Pennsylvania
1,377,689

10.34%
7001220000000000000♠22
Connecticut
362,296

9.07%
7001230000000000000♠23
Indiana
591,397

9.0%
7001240000000000000♠24
Nevada
255,633

8.2%
7001250000000000000♠25
Kentucky
361,273

8.1%
7001260000000000000♠26
Massachusetts
528,761

7.96%
7001270000000000000♠27
Oklahoma
277,644

7.5%
7001280000000000000♠28
Rhode Island
79,719

6.67%
7001290000000000000♠29
California
2,299,072

6.15%
7001300000000000000♠30
Kansas
167,864

6.07%
7001310000000000000♠31
Wisconsin
359,148

4.57%
7001320000000000000♠32
Minnesota
274,412

4.50%
7001330000000000000♠33
Nebraska
82,885

4.28%
7001340000000000000♠34
Colorado
201,737

4.27%
7001350000000000000♠35
Alaska
23,263

4.16%
7001360000000000000♠36
Arizona
259,008

3.74%
7001370000000000000♠37
Washington
240,042

3.58%
7001380000000000000♠38
West Virginia
63,124

3.08%
7001390000000000000♠39
Hawaii
21,424

2.97%
7001400000000000000♠40
New Mexico
42,550

2.68%
7001410000000000000♠41
Iowa
89,148

2.01%
7001420000000000000♠42
Oregon
69,206

1.29%
7001430000000000000♠43
Wyoming
4,748

1.27%
7001440000000000000♠44
Utah
29,287

1.22%
7001450000000000000♠45
New Hampshire
15,035

1.14%
7001460000000000000♠46
South Dakota
10,207

1.08%
7001470000000000000♠47
North Dakota
7,960

1.03%
7001480000000000000♠48
Maine
15,707

0.95%
7001490000000000000♠49
Idaho
9,810

0.87%
7001500000000000000♠50
Vermont
6,277

0.67%
7001510000000000000♠51
Montana
4,027

text: African-American proportion of state populations (1790–2010)[edit]

text:
African-American % of Population (1790–2010) by U.S. State[2][3][4]

State/Territory
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010

 United States of America
19.3%
18.9%
19.0%
18.4%
18.1%
16.8%
15.7%
14.1%
12.7%
13.1%
11.9%
11.6%
10.7%
9.9%
9.7%
9.8%
10.0%
10.5%
11.1%
11.7%
12.1%
12.3%
12.6%

 Alabama

41.4%
29.0%
33.2%
38.5%
43.3%
44.7%
45.4%
47.7%
47.5%
44.8%
45.2%
42.5%
38.4%
35.7%
34.7%
32.0%
30.0%
26.2%
25.6%
25.3%
26.0%
26.2%

 Alaska

0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%

3.0%
3.0%
3.4%
4.1%
3.5%
3.3%

 Arizona

0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
1.5%
1.5%
1.0%
2.4%
2.5%
3.0%
3.5%
3.3%
3.0%
2.8%
3.0%
3.1%
4.1%

 Arkansas

13.0%
11.7%
15.5%
20.9%
22.7%
25.6%
25.2%
26.3%
27.4%
28.0%
28.1%
27.0%
25.8%
24.8%
22.3%
21.8%
18.3%
16.3%
15.9%
15.7%
15.4%

 California

1.0%
1.1%
0.8%
0.7%
0.9%
0.7%
0.9%
1.1%
1.4%
1.8%
4.4%
5.6%
7.0%
7.7%
7.4%
6.7%
6.2%

 Colorado

0.1%
1.1%
1.3%
1.5%
1.6%
1.4%
1.2%
1.1%
1.1%
1.5%
2.3%
3.0%
3.5%
4.0%
3.8%
4.0%

 Connecticut
2.3%
2.5%
2.6%
2.9%
2.7%
2.6%
2.1%
1.9%
1.8%
1.9%
1.6%
1.7%
1.4%
1.5%
1.8%
1.9%
2.7%
4.2%
6.0%
7.0%
8.3%
9.1%
10.1%

 Delaware
21.6%
22.4%
23.8%
24.0%
24.9%
25.0%
22.2%
19.3%
18.2%
18.0%
16.8%
16.6%
15.4%
13.6%
13.7%
13.5%
13.7%
13.6%
14.3%
16.1%
16.9%
19.2%
21.4%

 District of Columbia

30.4%
33.1%
31.2%
30.1%
29.1%
26.6%
19.1%
33.0%
33.6%
32.8%
31.1%
28.5%
25.1%
27.1%
28.2%
35.0%
53.9%
71.1%
70.3%
65.8%
60.0%
50.7%

 Florida

47.1%
48.7%
46.0%
44.6%
48.8%
47.0%
42.5%
43.7%
41.0%
34.0%
29.4%
27.1%
21.8%
17.8%
15.3%
13.8%
13.6%
14.6%
16.0%

 Georgia
35.9%
37.1%
42.5%
44.4%
42.6%
41.0%
42.4%
44.0%
46.0%
47.0%
46.7%
46.7%
45.1%
41.7%
36.8%
34.7%
30.9%
28.5%
25.9%
26.8%
27.0%
28.7%
30.5%

 Hawaii

0.2%
0.4%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.5%
0.8%
1.0%
1.8%
2.5%
1.8%
1.6%

 Idaho

0.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.6%

 Illinois

7.4%
6.4%
2.5%
1.5%
0.8%
0.6%
0.4%
1.1%
1.5%
1.5%
1.8%
1.9%
2.8%
4.3%
4.9%
7.4%
10.3%
12.8%
14.7%
14.8%
15.1%
14.5%

 Indiana

4.4%
2.6%
1.0%
1.1%
1.0%
1.1%
0.8%
1.5%
2.0%
2.1%
2.3%
2.2%
2.8%
3.5%
3.6%
4.4%
5.8%
6.9%
7.6%
7.8%
8.4%
9.1%

 Iowa

0.4%
0.2%
0.2%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.6%
0.7%
0.8%
0.7%
0.7%
0.8%
0.9%
1.2%
1.4%
1.7%
2.1%
2.9%

 Kansas

0.6%
4.7%
4.3%
3.5%
3.5%
3.2%
3.3%
3.5%
3.6%
3.8%
4.2%
4.8%
5.3%
5.8%
5.7%
5.9%

 Kentucky
17.0%
18.6%
20.2%
22.9%
24.7%
24.3%
22.5%
20.4%
16.8%
16.5%
14.4%
13.3%
11.4%
9.8%
8.6%
7.5%
6.9%
7.1%
7.2%
7.1%
7.1%
7.3%
7.8%

 Louisiana

55.2%
51.8%
58.5%
55.0%
50.7%
49.5%
50.1%
51.5%
50.0%
47.1%
43.1%
38.9%
36.9%
35.9%
32.9%
31.9%
29.8%
29.4%
30.8%
32.5%
32.0%

 Maine
0.6%
0.5%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.5%
1.2%

 Maryland
34.7%
36.7%
38.2%
36.1%
34.9%
32.3%
28.3%
24.9%
22.5%
22.5%
20.7%
19.8%
17.9%
16.9%
16.9%
16.6%
16.5%
16.7%
17.8%
22.7%
24.9%
27.9%
29.4%

 Massachusetts
1.4%
1.5%
1.4%
1.3%
1.2%
1.2%
0.9%
0.8%
1.0%
1.0%
1.0%
1.1%
1.1%
1.2%
1.2%
1.3%
1.6%
2.2%
3.1%
3.9%
5.0%
5.4%
7.9%

 Michigan

3.7%
3.0%
2.1%
0.8%
0.3%
0.6%
0.9%
1.0%
0.9%
0.7%
0.7%
0.6%
1.6%
3.5%
4.0%
6.9%
9.2%
11.2%
12.9%
13.9%
14.2%
14.2%

 Minnesota

0.6%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.4%
0.4%
0.5%
0.7%
0.9%
1.3%
2.2%
3.5%
5.2%

 Mississippi

41.5%
47.0%
44.1%
48.4%
52.3%
51.2%
55.3%
53.7%
57.5%
57.6%
58.5%
56.2%
52.2%
50.2%
49.2%
45.3%
42.0%
36.8%
35.2%
35.6%
36.3%
37.0%

 Missouri

17.6%
15.9%
18.3%
15.6%
13.2%
10.0%
6.9%
6.7%
5.6%
5.2%
4.8%
5.2%
6.2%
6.5%
7.5%
9.0%
10.3%
10.5%
10.7%
11.2%
11.6%

 Montana

0.9%
0.9%
1.0%
0.6%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%

 Nebraska

0.3%
0.6%
0.5%
0.8%
0.6%
0.6%
1.0%
1.0%
1.1%
1.5%
2.1%
2.7%
3.1%
3.6%
4.0%
4.5%

 Nevada

0.7%
0.8%
0.8%
0.5%
0.3%
0.6%
0.4%
0.6%
0.6%
2.7%
4.7%
5.7%
6.4%
6.6%
6.8%
8.1%

 New Hampshire
0.6%
0.5%
0.5%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.3%
0.4%
0.6%
0.7%
1.1%

 New Jersey
7.7%
8.0%
7.6%
7.2%
6.4%
5.8%
4.9%
3.8%
3.4%
3.4%
3.3%
3.7%
3.5%
3.7%
5.2%
5.5%
6.6%
8.5%
10.7%
12.6%
13.4%
13.6%
13.7%

 New Mexico

0.0%
0.1%
0.2%
0.8%
1.2%
0.8%
0.5%
1.6%
0.7%
0.9%
1.2%
1.8%
1.9%
1.8%
2.0%
1.9%
2.1%

 New York
7.6%
5.3%
4.2%
2.9%
2.3%
2.1%
1.6%
1.3%
1.2%
1.3%
1.2%
1.4%
1.5%
1.9%
3.3%
4.2%
6.2%
8.4%
11.9%
13.7%
15.9%
15.9%
17.5%

 North Carolina
26.8%
29.4%
32.2%
34.4%
35.9%
35.6%
36.4%
36.4%
36.6%
38.0%
34.7%
33.0%
31.6%
29.8%
29.0%
27.5%
25.8%
24.5%
22.2%
22.4%
22.0%
21.6%
21.5%

 North Dakota

1.0%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
0.4%
0.4%
0.6%
0.6%
1.2%

 Ohio

0.5%
0.8%
0.8%
1.0%
1.1%
1.3%
1.6%
2.4%
2.5%
2.4%
2.3%
2.3%
3.2%
4.7%
4.9%
6.5%
8.1%
9.1%
10.0%
10.6%
11.5%
12.2%

 Oklahoma

8.4%
7.0%
8.3%
7.4%
7.2%
7.2%
6.5%
6.6%
6.7%
6.8%
7.4%
7.6%
7.4%

 Oregon

0.5%
0.2%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.8%
1.0%
1.3%
1.4%
1.6%
1.6%
1.8%

 Pennsylvania
2.4%
2.7%
2.9%
2.9%
2.8%
2.8%
2.3%
2.0%
1.9%
2.0%
2.0%
2.5%
2.5%
3.3%
4.5%
4.7%
6.1%
7.5%
8.6%
8.8%
9.2%
10.0%
10.8%

 Rhode Island
6.3%
5.3%
4.8%
4.3%
3.7%
3.0%
2.5%
2.3%
2.3%
2.3%
2.1%
2.1%
1.8%
1.7%
1.4%
1.5%
1.8%
2.1%
2.7%
2.9%
3.9%
4.5%
5.7%

 South Carolina
43.7%
43.2%
48.4%
52.8%
55.6%
56.4%
58.9%
58.6%
58.9%
60.7%
59.8%
58.4%
55.2%
51.4%
45.6%
42.9%
38.8%
34.8%
30.5%
30.4%
29.8%
29.5%
27.9%

 South Dakota

0.0%
0.6%
0.3%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.5%
0.6%
1.3%

 Tennessee
10.6%
13.2%
17.5%
19.6%
21.4%
22.7%
24.5%
25.5%
25.6%
26.1%
24.4%
23.8%
21.7%
19.3%
18.3%
17.4%
16.1%
16.5%
15.8%
15.8%
16.0%
16.4%
16.7%

 Texas

27.5%
30.3%
31.0%
24.7%
21.8%
20.4%
17.7%
15.9%
14.7%
14.4%
12.7%
12.4%
12.5%
12.0%
11.9%
11.5%
11.8%

 Utah

0.4%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.3%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.4%
0.5%
0.6%
0.6%
0.7%
0.8%
1.1%

 Vermont
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.4%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.3%
0.3%
0.2%
0.5%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.2%
0.3%
0.5%
1.0%

 Virginia
43.4%
44.6%
47.1%
47.8%
47.9%
46.9%
45.0%
43.3%
41.9%
41.8%
38.4%
35.6%
32.6%
29.9%
26.8%
24.7%
22.1%
20.6%
18.5%
18.9%
18.8%
19.6%
19.4%

 Washington

12.7%
0.3%
0.9%
0.4%
0.4%
0.5%
0.5%
0.5%
0.4%
0.4%
1.3%
1.7%
2.1%
2.6%
3.1%
3.2%
3.6%

 West Virginia
9.5%
9.8%
11.5%
12.1%
11.2%
9.6%
7.8%
5.6%
4.1%
4.2%
4.3%
4.5%
5.3%
5.9%
6.6%
6.2%
5.7%
4.8%
3.9%
3.3%
3.1%
3.2%
3.4%

 Wisconsin

1.2%
1.8%
0.6%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.2%
0.1%
0.1%
0.1%
0.2%
0.4%
0.4%
0.8%
1.9%
2.9%
3.9%
5.0%
5.7%
6.3%

 Wyoming

2.0%
1.4%
1.5%
1.0%
1.5%
0.7%
0.6%
0.4%
0.9%
0.7%
0.8%
0.7%
0.8%
0.8%
0.8%

 Puerto Rico

8.0%
12.4%