document_title: Julio César Chávez vs. Oscar De La Hoya

question_text: who won the chavez de la hoya fight

question_tokens: who won the chavez de la hoya fight

text: Julio César Chávez vs. Oscar De La Hoya

text:
"Ultimate Glory"
Date
June 7, 1996Venue
Caesars Palace in Paradise, NevadaTitle(s) on the line
WBC/Lineal Super Ligthweight ChampionshipTale of the tape
Boxer

Julio César Chávez
Oscar De La HoyaNickname

"J.C."
"The Golden Boy"Hometown

Culiacán, Mexico
East Los Angeles, CaliforniaPre-fight record

96–1–1
21–0Height

5'7"
5'10"Weight

139 lbs
139 lbsStyle

Orthodox
OrthodoxRecognition

WBC/LinealSuper Lightweight Champion
WBOLightweight Champion

text: Julio César Chávez vs. Oscar De La Hoya, billed as "Ultimate Glory", was a professional boxing match contested on June 7, 1996 for the WBC and lineal super lightweight championship.

text: Background[edit]

text: After both Julio César Chávez and Oscar De La Hoya defeated their opponents (Scott Walker and Darryl Tyson respectively) in tune-up bouts on February 9, 1996, the two fighters agreed to face one another in a "dream match" set for June of that year. The undefeated De La Hoya had already won world titles in two divisions and was looking to capture a third world title in a third weight class at only 23–years old. The 33–year old Chavez, meanwhile, was entering his 100th fight and still possessed one of the most impressive records in boxing history, having gone 97–1–1 and capturing four world titles in three divisions in his 16–year career.[1] The bout was highly anticipated, with some even calling the biggest fight in Latino boxing history and both fighters taking home a then–career high $9 million purse.[2] Despite his vast experience advantage over De La Hoya (who had only partaken in 21 pro fights up to that point) and his status as champion, the aging Chavez was initially installed as a 3–1 underdog before odds were dropped to 2–1 by the time of the fight. Though both fighters were of Mexican heritage, most Mexican and Mexican–American fans favored Chavez as De La Hoya had been born in the United States. In promotional stops for their fight, De La Hoya was largely booed by the largely Hispanic populations of Phoenix, San Diego and even his native Los Angeles.[3]

text: A controversial decision was made prior to the fight as De La Hoya's promoter Bob Arum refused to let the fight be carried on Pay-per-view and instead opted for it to be shown almost exclusively on closed-circuit television, severely limiting the highly anticipated bouts audience. Arum claimed that he made the decision to combat the use of illegal "black boxes", which steal pay-per-view signals and allow its users to watch the program for free. Though Arum claimed that the fight would net somewhere between $60 to $90 million even without pay-per-view, the fight drew a somewhat disappointing crowd of 750,000, down from the 1.7 million fans Arum had expected, and fell well short of his expected earnings, with the fight grossing around $14 million.[4][5]

text: The fight[edit]

text: The fight lasted less than four rounds. Only one minute into round one, De La Hoya connected with a straight right hand that opened up a huge gash around Chavez' eye. The fight was temporally halted not even a minute later as the cut had become severe enough for the referee Joe Cortez to stop the action and allow Chavez to find a towel. Though Chavez was able to continue, he was unable to get any momentum and was dominated by De La Hoya for the remainder of the fight. In round four, as Chavez was finally mounting some offense, De La Hoya took control of the latter stages of the round and brutalized Chavez with a series of hard combinations and broke Chavez' nose with a left hook. As the cut around his eye had deteriorated even further, Cortez halted the fight once again and sent him to ringside physician Flip Homansky. Homansky then informed Cortez that Chavez could not continue due to the multiple lacerations to his face and De La Hoya was awarded with the TKO victory at 2:37 of the fourth round[6]


document_title: Ammit

question_text: in the egyptian religion who was the eater of the dead

root

text: Ammit

text:
Ammit in hieroglyphs

ammit
devourer of the dead

tag: table

text: Ammit (/ˈæmɪt/; "devourer" or "soul-eater"; also called Ammut or Ahemait) was a demoness and goddess in ancient Egyptian religion with a body that was part lion, hippopotamus and crocodile—the three largest "man-eating" animals known to ancient Egyptians. A funerary deity, her titles included "Devourer of the Dead", "Eater of Hearts", and "Great of Death".[2] Ammit lived near the scales of justice in Duat, the Egyptian underworld. In the Hall of Two Truths, Anubis weighed the heart of a person against the feather of Ma'at, the goddess of truth, which was depicted as an ostrich feather (the feather was often pictured in Ma'at's headdress). If the heart was judged to be not pure, Ammit would devour it, and the person undergoing judgement was not allowed to continue their voyage towards Osiris and immortality. Once Ammit swallowed the heart, the soul was believed to become restless forever; this was called "to die a second time". Ammit was also sometimes said to stand by a lake of fire. In some traditions, the unworthy hearts were cast into the fiery lake to be destroyed. Some scholars believe Ammit and the lake represent the same concept of destruction.

tag: p

text: Ammit was not worshipped; instead she embodied all that the Egyptians feared, threatening to bind them to eternal restlessness if they did not follow the principle of Ma'at.

text: Influence on popular culture[edit]

text:
Ammut appears (using the 'u' version of the name) as a recurring character in the cartoon Mummies Alive!. The evil ancient Egyptian wizard Scarab summons Set and Anubis in episode 3, and Ammut tagged along. He remains behind to be a general annoyance to Scarab and his familiar Heka. Ammut generally acts like a dog on the show.
Ammit was made male as a character in the Palladium RPG. A monster of the same name is also a card in Yu-Gi-Oh!
In addition, Ammit also intermittenly appears in The Kane Chronicles, a trilogy based on Egyptian Myths. In the book series, Ammit follows suit as the original myths, being the servant and companion of Anubis. Ammit is portrayed as tiny, about the size of a dog.
Ammit is also featured in the Lara Croft and the Temple of Osiris video game.
Ammit Cryearth is a Grimoire in form of a hand mirror that reflects the true form of the holder; it appears in BlazBlue: Remix Heart manga.
The Magic: The Gathering set Amonkhet, which is based on ancient Egyptian life and mythology, features the card Baleful Ammit, as well as an Ammit creature mentioned twice in its official lore. Ammit also appeared in the following set "Hour of Devastation" in the card Ammit Eternal.[3]
One of the Titans, monsters summoned from magic amulets in the animated series, Huntik: Secrets & Seekers, is a large crocodile called Ammit Heart-Eater.
The extinct crocodile Pristichampus in the season 3 premiere of Primeval is said to be the inspiration for the story of Ammit (called Ammut in the show) after going through the anomaly.

tag: ul


document_title: Ghost Whisperer (season 4)

question_text: when did melinda get pregnant on ghost whisperer

text: Ghost Whisperer (season 4)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the fourth season, Melinda meets Eli James (Jamie Kennedy) after a fire at Rockland University who, after his own near-death experience, develops the ability to hear ghosts. Melinda says goodbye to her close friend Rick Payne, who leaves Grandview on a research trip for the university. In this season, Jim is shot and killed. He does not "cross over" because he does not want to leave Melinda, and his spirit later enters the body of a man named Sam Lucas, who died in an unrelated accident in Grandview and crossed over. When Jim/Sam regains consciousness, he has no memory of being Jim. Melinda works to get him to remember his past life and her, and succeeds after much difficulty and skepticism on the part of her friends. They soon discover that Melinda is pregnant and that the date of conception was right before Jim died.

text: At the end of the season, Ned and Eli find the Book of Changes, a book written by the Watchers (a benevolent group of ghosts who keep watch over the living). The book tells them of past and future prominent dates, such as Andrea and Jim's deaths. One date is listed as September 25, 2009; Melinda's due date. Melinda learns from a Watcher named Carl that her child is destined to not only inherit her gift, but be far more powerful than her. Melinda and Jim decide to remarry and have a small ceremony on a snowy night, on the street where they first met.

text: Development[edit]

text: Ghost Whisperer is based on the work of "Spirit Communicator" James Van Praagh,[3] who is co-executive producer[4] and regularly updates a blog about the show through LivingTV.[5] The stories are also said to be based in part on the work of "Spirit Communicator" Mary Ann Winkowski.[6] Development of the show dates back to at least two years before its premiere.[7]

text: The show was produced by Sander/Moses Productions in association with CBS Television Studios (originally Paramount Network Television in season one and ABC Studios (originally Touchstone Television in the first two seasons) and CBS Paramount Network Television in seasons two and three).

text: The show was filmed on the Universal Studios back lot in Los Angeles.[8] One area on the lot is Courthouse Square from the Back to the Future trilogy, though it has been drastically modified to depict Grandview. For example, the clock tower in Back to the Future has been completely covered up. Cast and crew members believe that the set gets visits from real spirits.[9]

text: Sound effects were completed at Smart Post Sound.[10] Visual effects for the pilot and some season one episodes were completed at Flash Film Works.[11] Visual effects for nearly the entire series were created at Eden FX.[12]

text: Creator John Gray grew up in Brooklyn, New York, which is not far from Grandview-On-Hudson, west of the Hudson River. Piermont is often referenced in episodes as the neighboring town, which is accurate to real life as Grandview-On-Hudson is actually located just north of Piermont. Professor Rick Payne worked in the fictional "Rockland University," and perhaps not coincidentally, the actual Grandview, New York is a village located in Rockland County, New York.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jennifer Love Hewitt as Melinda Gordon (23 episodes)
David Conrad as Jim Clancy/Sam Lucas (23 episodes)
Camryn Manheim as Delia Banks (23 episodes)
Jay Mohr as Rick Payne (1 episode)
Christoph Sanders as Ned Banks (13 episodes)
Jamie Kennedy as Eli James (23 episodes)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No. inSeries

No. inSeason

Title

Directed by

Written by

Original air date

U.S. viewers(millions)

631"Firestarter"Eric LaneuvilleP.K. SimondsOctober 3, 2008 (2008-10-03)9.44[13]
Melinda hears that there has been a fire at the Rockland University Building when Jim is called over there, and hurries over, fearful for Professor Rick Payne, but he is revealed to be alive and well. However, a therapist by the name Eli James dies, and Melinda witnesses his soul being brought back. This 'near-death' experience grants him the ability to hear ghosts. The episode is focused on the ghost of one of Eli's patients, who was possibly more than that, and whether or not she has been starting fires since she was 12. Whilst Melinda is trapped in the archives, she meets a group of seemingly benign ghosts calling themselves the watchers, who warn her that dealing with death may brush off on something she loves.
Note: This was Jay Mohr's last appearance as Professor Payne. First appearance of Jamie Kennedy

Guest Star: Alona Tal as Fiona Raine
642"Big Chills"Peter WernerLaurie McCarthyOctober 10, 2008 (2008-10-10)9.69[14]
A woman finds her friend dead and strange things start happening around her. She remembers Melinda's abilities from high school (not that she ever believed it before) and calls on her for help. Mel quickly uncovers the story-Grace, her current boyfriend and the dead friend were in a car accident with a motorcyclist 10 years ago and they left him for dead. The guilt ate away at the dead friend but when he tried to go to the police, the other two stopped him. Melinda must tell the motorcyclists family what happened to him in order for the ghost to move on.
653"Ghost in the Machine"Steven RobmanJeannine RenshawOctober 17, 2008 (2008-10-17)8.97[15]
Melinda watches Ned playing a computer game, and notices one of the Avatars staring right at her, and he appears in her shop, making her realise she has pulled him out of the game. She realises he is a ghost who appears as his Avatar because that is how he remembers himself, he died whilst playing the game. After realising that this Ghost/Avatar-'Phoenix' is usually hanging around with a teenage girl in the game, Mel, Ned and Eli suspect that he is a Predator, and proceed to try and catch him. Melinda sets up an Avatar and enters the game, and eventually discovers that 'Phoenix' is the girls dad, and is actually trying to protect his daughter from the real Predator, who they then have to work together to catch.
664"Save Our Souls"Gloria MuzioMark B. PerryOctober 24, 2008 (2008-10-24)10.14[16]
Melinda and Jim go to a cruise ship that is going to be scrapped soon and meet the newlywed couple staying in the room next to theirs who want to swap because they are having problems with their room and marriage. Mel sees lots of ghosts on the ship and one is very friendly and helpful. Mel realises room M108 is haunted by a ghost who is looking for her fiancé and swaps rooms so she can help her. She figures out the story of how the ghost died and who her fiancé was- he happens to be the owner of the ship, and has to get him to help the ghost cross over.

Guest Star: Solange Knowles as cruise singer.
675"Bloodline"Ian SanderMelissa Blake & Joy BlakeOctober 31, 2008 (2008-10-31)9.40[17]
A teenager dies while playing tennis with Ned and a friend, and her ghost starts haunting the girl. Mel finds out that the two girls used to be friends until their mothers stopped talking and one family moved away. After the discovery that the blood clot that killed Diana is a genetic condition, it is revealed that the girls were swapped at birth. The ghost tries to stop Melinda revealing the truth.
686"Imaginary Friends and Enemies"Eric LaneuvilleVivian LeeNovember 7, 2008 (2008-11-07)11.06[18]
Mel and Jim visit an old lodge with an old friend, her daughter and her new fiancé, and Melinda quickly realises that the little girl's imaginary friend is actually a ghost. The ghost seems obsessed with the girl's mother, and wants to play a game with her, but the game ends up hurting the mother. It is later revealed that the mother used to be friends with the ghost (when he was alive and after), and he is trying to warn her about someone, using a clues game they used to play. Melinda has to convince Tricia to play the game and work out the clues. Jim is shot.
697"Threshold"John GrayJohn GrayNovember 14, 2008 (2008-11-14)11.57[19]
Jim meets his brother in the in-between state, but decides that he needs to stay behind to be with Mel, since she's not coping without him. She can't see him even though he's there, because her grief is strengthening the veil, but there is another ghost who wants her help, and she mistakes the signs as being from Jim. Eventually he gets through to her, and she tries to convince him to cross over, but he refuses. The other ghost is revealed to be the recently deceased stepdaughter of the man who shot Jim. At an accident, a man dies and goes into the light, and Jim steps into the body, despite Melinda's warning.
708"Heart & Soul"Ian SanderMark B. Perry & P.K. SimondsNovember 21, 2008 (2008-11-21)11.28[20]
Jim/Sam has no memory of being Jim and very little of being Sam, and Melinda tries to help, wanting the love of her life back. He visits Sam's family but eventually accepts Mel's offer to fix up her garage and live there whilst doing so. Delia doesn't believe Melinda about Jim's spirit stepping into Sam's body.
719"Pieces of You"Jim ChressanthisLaurie McCarthyDecember 5, 2008 (2008-12-05)9.71[21]
Jim/Sam is concerned about what might be going on between him and Melinda, thinking they were having an affair, and she assures him she would never cheat on her husband. She starts to tell him about the whole Jim/Sam thing, but his reaction stops her. Delia believes Mel about Jim/Sam after seeing him waiting for Ned at the basketball court, and convinces him to stay. Meanwhile, Mel has to help the ghost of a little girl who is haunting a wishing well.
7210"Ball & Chain"Eric LaneuvilleChristina M. Kim & Jeannine RenshawDecember 19, 2008 (2008-12-19)10.18[22]
Whilst doing work at a house, Jim/Sam hears a car backfire and remembers being shot, which he finds weird, but Mel sees it as a sign of Jim still being in there somewhere. Whilst searching for clues about who he is, he finds an engagement ring Sam was planning on giving his on/off girlfriend,  bought a month before his accident. Mel has to unravel the mystery behind a ghost's death, since the ghost is convinced she didn't abandon her family.
7311"Life on the Line"Eric LaneuvilleChristina M. Kim & Jeannine RenshawJanuary 9, 2009 (2009-01-09)10.64[23]
Delia is selling a house and she and Mel find it odd that there are still so many family photos and personal effects everywhere. Ned finds the lawnmower and awakens a ghost, who resends an old 911 call made from the house. This leads Melinda to investigate, and she discovers that a 14-year-old boy was killed by the lawnmower there. She must uncover the truth behind the accident and get the family back together for the ghost to move on. Also, Sam remembers medical procedures, indicating that more of Jim's past is coming up. He also tries to find evidence of his fiancé in his personal effects including looking through his sent e-mails.
7412"This Joint's Haunted"Mark RosmanMark B. PerryJanuary 16, 2009 (2009-01-16)10.58[24]
Delia throws a dinner party for a couple of her high school friends and Eli who quickly hears a ghost about the place. Ned housesits for Mel whilst she goes on a road trip with Sam who is trying to find his fiancé in the hope that she can help with regaining his memory. Mel has to help a few ghosts along the way, all without revealing her abilities to Sam. The ghost in Delia's house is trying to stop her from being so hard on Ned because she blames her own parents for her death. Sam's fiancé comes to see him and finally believes him about the amnesia.
7513"Body of Water"Jennifer Love HewittP.K. Simonds & Laurie McCarthyJanuary 23, 2009 (2009-01-23)11.18[25]
A girl swims in a lake and is scared away. It is later discovered that there are many dead bodies in the lake and one of them is the girls' father. Mel and Eli have to figure out what happened to the bodies to stop the ghosts from being so angry and helping them move on, and it has something to do with the owner of the funeral home, who now has cancer and won't take his medication. Sam's fiancé Nikki ends up staying with Mel and spending a lot of time with Sam, which worries Delia, who urges Mel to fight for him. The Watchers return and warn Mel again, and she learns that they chose to stay earthbound to help the living. After his past life regression session with Eli, Sam remembers loving Mel, but he thinks he is remembering Nikki.

Note: This episode was Jennifer Love Hewitt's directorial debut.
7614"Slow Burn"Steven RobmanJeannine RenshawFebruary 6, 2009 (2009-02-06)11.41[26]
Delia asks Sam and Mel to help her chaperone Ned's school dance, and Mel sees a ghost trying to stop a girl leaving with an older boy. She quickly realises the ghost is the girls' mother, and must figure out why she doesn't want the two to be together, with very little help from the ghost herself. Delia and Eli help her. Sam asks her on a date and she accepts, but helping the ghost causes her to miss it, and leads Sam to think she's not ready to date after losing her husband.

Guest Star: Kendall Schmidt as Jeff
7715"Greek Tragedy"Karen GaviolaChristina M. KimFebruary 13, 2009 (2009-02-13)10.30[27]
A sorority at Rockland University 'hazes' new members with a brutal ritual, and one girl never returns the next day, which is a first. Mel plans a date with Sam and promises Delia no ghost business, but is unable to help herself when she sees a ghost with a bag over her head, immediately thinking it is the missing girl. Eli works with her to figure out how she died, but the ghost is not who they thought she was at all, she died forty years ago after trying to make amends for the horrible things she did as a sorority leader. Mel told Sam she was volunteering at the firehouse, and when he asks about her there he finds that she never signed in, but he sees on her TV at the Rescue mission. He asks her about it and she lies, making him suspicious.
7816"Ghost Busted"John BehringMark B. Perry & P.K. SimondsFebruary 27, 2009 (2009-02-27)11.54[28]
Melinda's neighbours hire a ghost hunter right when she was about to tell Sam about her gift, and after seeing his sceptical reaction, she holds off on telling him, despite Delia's urging otherwise. Eli hangs out with the ghost hunter and accidentally reveals his own gift, ending up thinking the ghost hunter is legit, and they incorrectly deduce that the ghost is the house's previous owner. Eli lies to Sam when he asks questions about Mel, and Delia tells him to keep an open mind. Mel works out who the ghost really is and helps him move on, finally tells Sam about her gift, and is crushed when he is sceptical.
7917"Delusions of Grandview"Jefery LevyLaurie McCarthy & Mark B. PerryMarch 6, 2009 (2009-03-06)11.09[29]
Sam wants to see Melinda doing her thing, and follows her to a school where he's been doing work. Mel quickly sees ghosts and works out that they are patients of the mental hospital that the school used to be. One ghost in particular needs her help, she was admitted to the hospital after supposedly drowning her baby. Sam goes into the tunnels with Melinda, and gets freaked out when she has a vision of how the ghost died, which involved electro-shock therapy. Delia and Eli work out that the ghost's doctor was a ghost himself, and she is trying to protect the children in the school from him. Mel finally tells Sam about him being Jim, and he refuses to believe it, instead thinking that Mel needs professional help.
8018"Leap of Faith"Ian SanderP.K. Simonds & Laurie McCarthyMarch 13, 2009 (2009-03-13)10.58[30]
Sam moved out at Melinda's request, but he forgot something, so tries calling her to ask for it, but she won't answer his calls. Mel is scared by a break-in at her shop, especially when Dr Byrd's ghost shows up again. Eli goes to see the guy who broke in and discovers that he is another step-in (like what Jim did to Sam). Mel deduces that Dr Byrd is behind the step-in's, and works out that he wants another body for himself. Mel realises the other step-in is lost and confused somewhere in the tunnels and goes to find and help him, but the water valve has broken and the place is quickly filling with water. Byrd goes to get Eli and Sam is sceptical of his belief in a ghost he doesn't trust, but follows him down anyway. Since Eli can't swim, Sam goes to rescue Mel, and after his bag gets trapped on something, Jim's life flashes before his eyes.
8119"Thrilled to Death"Gloria MuzioLaurie McCarthy & Jeannine RenshawApril 10, 2009 (2009-04-10)10.08[31]
A young woman in Eli's apartment building is being haunted, but claims she doesn't know anyone who has died. Mel and Eli investigate together and figure out who the ghost is, and when they find out that Morgan was lying about knowing him, they wonder what else she's been lying about, and quickly discover that she is ill herself. Meanwhile, Jim misses his job and friends but realises that can't be his life anymore, and he eventually decides he wants to go to Med School. Mel and Eli realise there is much more to Morgan's story, and have to stop the ghost hurting her out of his anger at being lied to.

Guest Star: Hilary Duff as Morgan.
8220"Stage Fright"Eric LaneuvilleMark B. PerryApril 24, 2009 (2009-04-24)9.23[32]
A TV show is shooting in Grandview and wants to use Melinda's store. Mel, Delia, Jim and Eli go to a Promotional Event, and Mel and Eli quickly pick up that a ghost is haunting the writer of the show and the lead male actor, and is also involving a seemingly random girl in the audience. They discover that they were all in a play together and the ghost was shot on stage when the blank gun malfunctioned. Mel and Eli think he blames the other three for his death and Eli jumps to the conclusion that the ghost is trying to kill someone on the show. They have to unravel the truth behind what happened in the play all those years ago so the ghost can cross over. After an accident shooting a walk-on part, Jim takes Mel to the hospital and they get some great news.

Guest Star: Amelia Heinle as Brook Dennis.
8321"Cursed"Kim MosesLaurie McCarthyMay 1, 2009 (2009-05-01)9.79[33]
A little girl comes into the store, searching for a very specific doll, and when the older girl (a cousin) explains that it is for a replica dollhouse of the house the older girl lived in with her family before they died, and that the dolls 'talk' to the little girl, Melinda suspects that the spirits of Emma's family are trapped in the dollhouse. She investigates until she finds out the truth behind their deaths, leading her to think that the little girls mother (and Emma's Aunt) killed the family for their money and wants to hurt Emma. Mel tells Delia she's pregnant, then discovers that she's lost her wedding bands. Jim proposes again.
8422"Endless Love"Ian SanderP.K. SimondsMay 8, 2009 (2009-05-08)9.50[34]
Melinda is at Delia's when she realises that one of the girls in Ned's study group is being haunted. After a sleepwalking incident, Mel and Eli try to work out who the ghost is and what he wants. Eli's friend Zoe (who told him about Voodoo in the previous episode) recognises the hauntings as Vampire Myths, leading Mel to wonder if Serena knew the ghost, and whether she was into Vampires. When she tries to ask her about it, Serena ends up thinking Vampires are real, and is surprised when Mel reveals she was talking about a ghost. The ghost leads Serena to his crypt after she says she wants to see him, and Mel has to race against time to get there and get her out of the sealed crypt before all the oxygen runs out. Also, Mel and Jim plan their second wedding-with Jim as Sam.

Guest Star: Alexa Vega as Serena
8523"The Book of Changes"John GrayJohn GrayMay 15, 2009 (2009-05-15)9.15[35]
Melinda's mother hires a wedding planner who completely ignores what the couple want. Someone breaks into the University Library and then Zoe's house, but is interrupted by Eli. The thief only stole one book- called 'The Book of Changes' by the Watchers. It has important dates in it, such as previous deaths and Melinda's due date, which is why Carl the Watcher tells Eli not to let Melinda see or touch the book. Because the collection it was hidden in is being bought, the Watchers are trying to protect it. Melinda keeps getting visions of a faceless girl holding the book and saying that Mel's future is in 'her' hands and that Mel can't save 'her'. Mel is scared for her unborn baby, especially when she learns that it will be able to do much more than her (with their gift). Jim and Mel have a quiet wedding on the street where they first met, with only Delia and Eli in attendance, and Jim calls it a renewal of everything they already had and have. Mel is told she has lots of white light around her-spirits protecting her, but if the balance slips, that could change. Eli becomes 'The Book of Changes' new caretaker.


document_title: 2018 FIFA World Cup broadcasting rights

question_text: who has the rights for world cup 2018

question_tokens: who has the rights for world cup 2018

text: 2018 FIFA World Cup broadcasting rights

text: FIFA, through several companies, sold the broadcasting rights for the 2018 FIFA World Cup[1] to the following broadcasters.

text: Television[edit]

text:
Country/Region

Broadcaster

Ref.

 Afghanistan

ATN

[1][2]

 Albania

RTSH

[1]

 Andorra

TF1, France Télévisions, TVE, beIN Sports

[1]

 Angola

TPA, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Argentina

TV Pública, TyC Sports, DirecTV

[1]

 Armenia

ARMTV

[1]

 Australia

SBS, Optus Sport

[3][4][5]

 Austria

ORF, OE24, DAZN

[1]

 Azerbaijan

İTV, AzTV

[1]

 Bangladesh

BTV, Maasranga TV, Nagorik TV, Sony Pictures Networks

[1][2][6]

 Bahamas

ZNS, DirecTV

[1]

 Belarus

BTRC

[1]

 Belgium

VRT, RTBF

[1]

 Benin

ORTB, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Bermuda

BBC, DirecTV

[1]

 Bhutan

Sony Pictures Networks

[1]

 Bolivia

Unitel, Red Uno, DirecTV

[1]

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

BHRT

[1]

 Brazil

Globo, SporTV, Fox Sports

[7][8][9]

 Brunei

Astro

[1]

 Bulgaria

BNT

[1]

 Burkina Faso

RTB, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Cambodia

CBS

[1][2]

 Cameroon

CRTV, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Canada

CBC, Sportsnet, TVA Sports

[4][10][1]

 Chad

ORTNV, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Chile

Canal 13, TVN, Mega, DirecTV, Movistar

[1]

 China

CCTV, Migu, Youku

[2][11][12]

 Colombia

Caracol TV, RCN TV, DirecTV

[1]

 Congo

Télé Congo, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Costa Rica

Teletica, Sky, Movistar

[1][13]

 Côte d'Ivoire

RTI, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Croatia

HRT

[1]

 Cuba

ICRT

[1]

 Cyprus

CyBC

[1]

 Czech Republic

ČT

[1]

 Denmark

DR, TV 2

[1]

 Dominica

Sky, DirecTV

[1]

 Dominican Republic

Antena 7, Sky

[14]

 Ecuador

RTS, DirecTV

[1]

 El Salvador

TCS, Sky

[1]

 Estonia

ERR

[1]

 Faroe Islands

DR, TV 2

[1]

 Finland

Yle

[1][15]

 France

TF1, France Télévisions, beIN Sports

[1]

 Gabon

RTG, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Gambia

GRTS, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Germany

ARD, ZDF, Sky Sport, DAZN

[16][17][18][19][20]

 Georgia

GPB

[1]

 Ghana

GBC, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Greece

ERT

[1]

 Greenland

DR, TV 2

[1]

 Guatemala

TV Azteca, Tigo Sports, Sky, Movistar

[1]

 Guinea

RTG, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Honduras

TVC, Sky, Movistar

[1]

 Hong Kong

ViuTV, Now TV

[1][2][21][22]

 Hungary

MTVA

[1]

 Iceland

RÚV

[1]

 India

Jio TV, AirTel TV, Sony Pictures Networks

[1][23]

 Indonesia

Trans Media, K-Vision, SuperPass, USeeTV

[2][24][25][26][27]

 Iran

IRIB, beIN Sports

[28]

 Ireland

RTÉ

[1]

 Israel

KAN, Keshet, Sport 5, Charlton

[1]

 Italy

Mediaset

[1]

 Jamaica

TVJ, DirecTV

[1]

 Japan

NHK, NTV, TV Asahi, TBS, Fuji TV

[1]

 Kazakhstan

Qazaqstan

[1]

 Kenya

NTV, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Kosovo

RTK

[1]

 Kyrgyzstan

KTRK

[1]

 Laos

TVLAO

[1][2]

 Latvia

LTV

[1]

 Lebanon

Télé Liban, beIN Sports

[1][29][30]

 Liechtenstein

SRG SSR

[31]

 Lithuania

LRT

[1]

 Macau

TDM

[2][32]

 Madagascar

ORTM, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Malaysia

Astro, RTM (only terrestrial network)

[1][33][34][35]

 Maldives

PSM, Sony Pictures Networks

[1]

 Mali

Africable, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Malta

PBS

[1]

 Mauritius

MBC, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Mexico

Televisa, TV Azteca, Sky México

[1]

 Moldova

TRM

[1]

 Monaco

TF1, France Télévisions, beIN Sports

[1]

 Mongolia

NTV, MNB

[1][2]

 Montenegro

RTCG

[1]

 Morocco

SNRT, beIN Sports

[1][36]

 Mozambique

TVM, TV Miramar, TV Sucesso, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Myanmar

Skynet Sports

[1][2]

 Namibia

NBC, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

   Nepal

NTV, Kantipur TV, Sony Pictures Networks

[1]

 Netherlands

NOS

[1]

 New Zealand

Sky Sport

[1][37]

 Nicaragua

Ratensa, Sky, Movistar

[1]

 Niger

ORTN, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Nigeria

NTA, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 North Korea

KCTV

[1]

 Norway

NRK, TV 2

[1]

 Pakistan

PTV, Sony Pictures Networks

[1]

 Panama

Corporación Medcom, Televisora Nacional, Sky, Movistar

[1]

 Papua New Guinea

EM TV, Sky Pacific

[1]

 Paraguay

SNT, Telefuturo, TyC, DirecTV

[1]

 Peru

Latina, DirecTV

[1]

 Philippines

ABS-CBN

[1][2][38]

 Poland

TVP, NC+

[1]

 Portugal

RTP, SIC, SportTV

[39][40][41]

 Romania

TVR

[1]

 Rwanda

RBA, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Russia

Perviy Kanal, VGTRK, Match TV

[42]

 San Marino

Mediaset

[1]

 Senegal

RTS, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Serbia

RTS

[1]

 Seychelles

SBC, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Singapore

Mediacorp, Singtel, StarHub

[2][43]

 Slovakia

RTVS

[1]

 Slovenia

RTVSLO

[1]

 Solomon Islands

Our Telekom, Sky Pacific

[1]

 South Africa

SABC, SuperSport, StarTimes

[1][44]

 South Korea

KBS, MBC, SBS

[1]

 Spain

Mediaset España Comunicación

[1]

 Sri Lanka

Sri Lanka Rupavahini Corporation, Sony Pictures Networks

[1]

 Suriname

SCCN, DirecTV

[1]

 Sweden

SVT, TV4

[16][18]

  Switzerland

SRG SSR, DAZN

[31]

 Taiwan

ELTA, CTS

[1][2][45]

 Tajikistan

Varzish TV

[1]

 Tanzania

TBC, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Thailand

TrueVisions, Channel 5, Amarin TV

[2][46][47][48]

 Timor Leste

ETO Telco

[1][2]

 Togo

TVT, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Trinidad & Tobago

CNC3, DirecTV

[1]

 Tunisia

ERTT, beIN Sports

[1]

 Turkey

TRT

[1]

 Uganda

BBS, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

 Ukraine

Inter, NTN

[1][49]

 United KingdomshowHome Nations/Territories
 Channel Islands
 England
 Isle of Man
 Northern Ireland
 Scotland
 Wales

BBC, ITV

[17]

 United Statesshowand territories
 American Samoa
 Guam
 Northern Mariana Islands
 Puerto Rico
 Baker Island
 Howland Island
 Jarvis Island
 Johnston Atoll
 Kingman Reef
 Midway Islands
 Navassa Island
 Palmyra Atoll
 Wake Island

Fox Sports, Telemundo

[50][51]

 Uruguay

Monte Carlo, Canal 10, Teledoce, TyC, DirecTV

[1]

 Uzbekistan

Uzreport TV, Futbol TV

[2][52]

  Vatican City

RAI, Sky Sport

[1]

 Venezuela

Venevisión, TVes, Meridiano Televisión, VC Sports, DirecTV

[1]

 Vietnam

HTV, VTV

[2][53][54]

 Zambia

Muvi TV, Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1]

text:
Region

Broadcaster

Ref.

CaribbeanshowCountries/Territories
 Antigua & Barbuda
 Anguilla
 Aruba
 Barbados
 Belize
 British Virgin Islands
 Cayman Islands
 Curaçao
 Dominican Republic
 Grenada
 Guyana
 Haiti
 Montserrat
 St. Lucia
 St. Kitts & Nevis
 St. Vincent & the Grenadines
 Turks and Caicos
 U.S. Virgin Islands

DirecTV

[1][55][1]

Middle East and North AfricashowCountries
 Algeria
 Bahrain
 Comoros
 Djibouti
 Egypt
 Iraq
 Jordan
 Kuwait
 Libya
 Mauritania
 Oman
 Palestinian Authority
 Qatar
 Saudi Arabia
 Somalia
 South Sudan
 Sudan
 Syria
 United Arab Emirates
 Yemen

beIN Sports

[1][56][57][58]

OceaniashowCountries/Territories
 Cook Islands
 Fiji
 Kiribati
 Micronesia
 Nauru
 Palau
 Samoa
 Tonga
 Tuvalu
 Vanuatu

Sky Pacific

[1]

Sub-Saharan AfricashowCountries
 Botswana
 Burundi
 Cape Verde
 Central African Republic
 DR Congo
 Equatorial Guinea
 Eritrea
 Ethiopia
 Guinea-Bissau
 Lesotho
 Liberia
 Malawi
 Sierra Leone
 Swaziland
 Zimbabwe

Kwesé Sports, SuperSport, StarTimes, Canal+

[1][59]

text: Radio[edit]

text:
Nation/Territory

Broadcaster

Ref

 Albania

RTSH

[1]

 Australia

SBS, ABC

[1]

 Austria

ORF

[1]

 Belarus

BTRC

[1]

 Belgium

VRT, RTBF

[1]

 Bosnia and Herzegovina

BHRT

[1]

 Brazil

Rádio Bandeirantes, Rádio Gaúcha, Rádio Itatiaia, Rádio Jovem Pan, Rádio Verdes Mares, Radio Sagres 730, Sistema Globo de Rádio, Super Rádio Tupi

[1]

 Bulgaria

BNR

[1]

 Chile

ADN Radio, Radio Bío-Bío, Radio Cooperativa, UCV Radio

[1]

 Colombia

Blu Radio, Caracol Radio, RCN Radio

[1]

 Costa Rica

Radio Columbia, Radio Monumental, Teletica Radio

[1]

 Croatia

HRT

[1]

 Cyprus

CyBC

[1]

 Denmark

DR

[1]

 Ecuador

RTS

[1]

 Estonia

ERR

[1]

 France

Europe 1, RTL, Radio France, RMC

[1]

 Finland

Yle

[1]

 Georgia

GPB

[1]

 Germany

ARD, RTL Radio, Radio Hamburg, Radio NRW, Hitradio RTL Sachsen, Hitradio FFH, Antenne Bayern, 89.0 RTL

[1]

 Guatemala

Emisoras Unidas, La Red Deportes 106.1

[1]

 Hong Kong

RTHK

[60]

 Iceland

RÚV

[1]

 Indonesia

RRI

[61]

 Iran

IRIB

[1]

 Ireland

RTÉ

[1]

 Israel

KAN

[1]

 Italy

RAI, Mediaset

[1][62]

 Jamaica

RJR 94 FM

[1]

 Kosovo

RTK

[1]

 Liechtenstein

SRG SSR

[1]

 Lithuania

LT

[1]

 Macau

TDM

[1]

 Macedonia

MRT

[1]

 Moldova

TeleRadio-Moldova

[1]

 Monaco

RMC Sport

[1]

 Montenegro

RTCG

[1]

 Morocco

SNRT,Radio Mars

[1][36]

 Netherlands

NOS

[1]

 Norway

NRK

[1]

 Peru

RPP

[1]

 Portugal

RTP, TSF, Rádio Renascença

[1]

 Portuguese-speaking AfricashowCountries
 Cape Verde
 Guinea-Bissau
 Mozambique
 São Tomé and Príncipe

RTP

[63]

 Russia

VGTRK

[1]

 Serbia

RTS

[1]

 Slovenia

RTVSLO

[1]

 South Africa

SABC

[1]

 South Korea

SBS

[1]

 Spain

RTVE, Cadena COPE, Cadena SER, Onda Cero, Radio Marca

[1]

 Sub-Saharan AfricashowCountries
 Angola
 Benin
 Botswana
 Burkina Faso
 Burundi
 Cameroon
 Cape Verde
 Central African Republic
 Chad
 Congo
 Côte d'Ivoire
 DR Congo
 Equatorial Guinea
 Eritrea
 Ethiopia
 Gabon
 Gambia
 Ghana
 Guinea
 Guinea-Bissau
 Kenya
 Lesotho
 Liberia
 Madagascar
 Malawi
 Mali
 Mauritius
 Mozambique
 Namibia
 Niger
 Nigeria
 Rwanda
 São Tomé and Príncipe
 Senegal
 Seychelles
 Sierra Leone
 Swaziland
 Tanzania
 Togo
 Uganda
 Zambia
 Zimbabwe

France Médias Monde

[1]

 Sweden

SR

[1]

  Switzerland

SRG SSR

[1]

 Turkey

TRT

[1]

 United KingdomshowHome Nations/Territories
 England
 Scotland
 Wales
 Northern Ireland
 Gibraltar
 Channel Islands
 Isle of Man

BBC, Talksport

[1]

 United States showand territories
 American Samoa
 Guam
 Northern Mariana Islands
 Puerto Rico
 U.S. Virgin Islands
 Baker Island
 Howland Island
 Jarvis Island
 Johnston Atoll
 Kingman Reef
 Midway Islands
 Navassa Island
 Palmyra Atoll
 Wake Island

Fox Sports Radio (simulcast of television audio), Fútbol de Primera

[1][64]

 Uruguay

770 AM Oriental, 810 AM El Espectador, 850 AM Carve, 890 AM Sarandí Sport, 930 AM Monte Carlo, 970 AM Radio Universal, 1090 AM Radio Imparcial, 1410 AM Radio LaCatorce10, 99.5 FM Del Sol

[1]

 Vietnam

VOV

[1][65]


document_title: The customer is always right

question_text: who coined the phrase the customer is always right

text: The customer is always right

text: "The customer is always right" is a motto or slogan which exhorts service staff to give a high priority to customer satisfaction. It was popularised by pioneering and successful retailers such as Harry Gordon Selfridge, John Wanamaker and Marshall Field. They advocated that customer complaints should be treated seriously so that customers do not feel cheated or deceived. This attitude was novel and influential when misrepresentation was rife and caveat emptor (let the buyer beware) was a common legal maxim.[1] Variations include "le client n'a jamais tort" (the customer is never wrong) which was the slogan of hotelier César Ritz[2] who said, "If a diner complains about a dish or the wine, immediately remove it and replace it, no questions asked".[3] A variation frequently used in Germany is "der Kunde ist König" (the customer is king), while in Japan the motto "okyakusama wa kamisama desu" (お客様は神様です) meaning "the customer is a god", is common.

text: However it was pointed out as early as 1914 that this view ignores that customers can be dishonest, have unrealistic expectations, and/or try to misuse a product in ways that void the guarantee. "If we adopt the policy of admitting whatever claims the customer makes to be proper, and if we always settle them at face value, we shall be subjected to inevitable losses."[4] The work concluded "If the customer is made perfectly to understand what it means for him to be right, what right on his part is, then he can be depended on to be right if he is honest, and if he is dishonest, a little effort should result in catching him at it."[5] An article a year later by the same author addressed the caveat emptor aspect while raising many of the same points as the earlier piece.[6]


document_title: Como dice el dicho

question_text: como dice el dicho la confianza mata al hombre cast

text: Como dice el dicho

text: Plot[edit]

text: The series is set in modern Mexico City, mostly at a café named "El Dicho Cafe" owned by Don Tomás, where he is helped by his granddaughter Isabel and his employees.[4] Episodes usually center around the customers who, most of the time, are dealing with a problem.[4] Throughout the episode a proverb is written in one of the white walls of the café, either by Don Tomás, one of his employees, or by a customer.[5] The saying that is written usually describes the situation of what is happening in the particular moment it is written.[5]

text: Production[edit]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Unlike many Televisa productions, Como dice el dicho is filmed on location in various parts of Mexico City. Six episodes are shot per week; two episodes are filmed simultaneously.[6] The coffee shop scenes in Season 1 and the first episodes of Season 2 were filmed in the colonia Condesa in the borough of Cuauhtémoc.[7] Since Season 2 coffee shop scenes have been filmed in the colonia Anzures in the borough of Miguel Hidalgo.[8][9] The crew usually films at the coffee shop once or twice a week.[6] The first two episodes of the fourth season were filmed in Zacatlán, Puebla, which was the first time the series filmed episodes outside of Mexico City.[10] The first two episodes of the fifth season were filmed in ultra-high-definition 4K resolution.[11]

text: Music[edit]

text: The series' original theme song is called "Como dice el dicho". It is performed by Mexican singer Mané de la Parra in Seasons 1 and 3.[12] The same theme song is used for Season 2 but is performed by singer Jass Reyes. For season 4 a new song performed by Marco Di Mauro was used as the show's theme; this song is also called "Como dice el dicho".[13] For seasons 5 and 6 the original theme song returned and was performed by Mané de la Parra and Margarita Vargas.[14] For season 7, the song is performed by de la Parra and by Mexican band La Original Banda El Limón.[15]. In season 8 the song is performed by de la Parra and Mario Bautista.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Actor

Character

Season

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Sergio Corona

Tomás León[16]

Main

Wendy González

Isabel León[17][18]

Main

Flashback

Michael Ronda

Poncho

Recurring

Main

Recurring

Héctor Sandarti

Ramón León

Guest

Guest

Main

Brisa Carrillo

Marieta

Recurring

Main

Benny Emmanuel

Pato

Main

Fernanda Sasse

Lupita

Main

Alan Slim

Miguel

Recurring

Mario Bautista

Mario

Recurring

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Premios TVyNovelas[edit]

text:
Year
Category
Result

2013
Best Unit Program
Nominated

2014

2015
Won[19][20][21]

2016

2017

2018
Nominated[22]


document_title: Allene

question_text: the ccc bond angle in allene (h2ccch2) is

question_tokens: the ccc bond angle in allene ( h2ccch2 ) is

text: Allene

text: Structure and bonding[edit]

text: Geometry[edit]

text: The central carbon atom of allene forms two sigma bonds and two pi bonds. The central carbon is sp-hybridized, and the two terminal carbon atoms are sp2-hybridized. The bond angle formed by the three carbon atoms is 180°, indicating linear geometry for the carbon atoms of allene. It can also be viewed as an "extended tetrahedral" with a similar shape to methane.

text: Symmetry[edit]

text: The symmetry and isomerism of allenes has long fascinated organic chemists.[1] For allenes with four identical substituents, there exist two twofold axes of rotation through the center carbon, inclined at 45° to the CH2 planes at either end of the molecule. The molecule can thus be thought of as a two-bladed propeller. A third twofold axis of rotation passes through the C=C=C bonds, and there is a mirror plane passing through both CH2 planes. Thus this class of molecules belong to the D2d point group. Because of the symmetry, an unsubstituted allene has no net dipole moment.

text: An allene with two different substituents on each of the two carbon atoms will be chiral because there will no longer be any mirror planes. Where A has a greater priority than B according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog priority rule, the configuration of the axial chirality can be determined by considering the substituents on the front atom followed by the back atom when viewed along the allene axis. For the bottom, only the group of higher priority need be considered. Chiral allenes have been recently used as building blocks in the construction of organic materials with exceptional chiroptical properties.[2]

text: Synthesis[edit]

text: Although allenes often require specialized syntheses, the parent, propadiene is produced on a large scale as an equilibrium mixture with methylacetylene:

text: This mixture, known as MAPP gas, is commercially available.

text: Laboratory methods for the formation of allenes include:

text:
from geminal dihalocyclopropanes and organolithium compounds in the Skattebøl rearrangement
from reaction of certain terminal alkynes with formaldehyde, copper(I) bromide, and added base[3] [4]
from dehydrohalogenation of certain dihalides[5]
from reaction of a triphenylphosphinyl ester with an acid halide, a Wittig reaction accompanied by dehydrohalogenation[6][7]

text: As a ligand and substrate in homogeneous catalysis[edit]

text: Allenes function as ligands, not unlike alkenes. A typical complex is Pt(η2-allene)(PPh3)2. Ni(0) reagents catalyze the cyclooligomerization of allene.[8] Using a suitable catalyst (e.g. Wilkinson's catalyst), it is possible to reduce just one of the double bonds of an allene.[9]

text: Delta convention[edit]

text: Many rings or ring systems are known by semisystematic names that assume a maximum number of noncumulative bonds. To unambiguously specify derivatives that include cumulated bonds (and hence fewer hydrogens than would be expected from the skeleton), a lowercase delta may be used with a subscript indicating the number of cumulated double bonds from that atom, e.g. 8δ2-Benzocyclononene. This may be combined with the λ-convention for specifying nonstandard valency states, e.g. 2λ4δ2,5λ4δ2-Thieno[3,4-c]thiophene.[10]


document_title: How to Train Your Dragon (film)

question_text: who plays astrid how to train your dragon

text: How to Train Your Dragon (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The Isle of Berk is a remote Viking village, from which dragons periodically steal livestock. Hiccup, the awkward fifteen-year-old son of the village chieftain, Stoick the Vast, is too small to fight the dragons and instead fashions mechanical devices under his apprenticeship with Gobber the blacksmith, though his inventions often backfire. During one attack, Hiccup believes he has shot down a Night Fury, an extremely rare and dangerous dragon. Hiccup later finds it in the forest trapped in his bolas, but finds that he can't bring himself to kill the dragon and instead sets it free.

text: Stoick assembles a fleet to find the dragons' nest, leaving Hiccup in a dragon-fighting class taught by Gobber. Hiccup returns to the forest to find the Night Fury still there, and realizes it is unable to fly properly because of its crippled caudal fin. Hiccup gradually tames the dragon and gives it the name "Toothless", for its retractable teeth. Hiccup makes a harness and prosthetic fin that allows him to guide the dragon in free flight. By studying Toothless's behavior, Hiccup becomes proficient in subduing the captive dragons during training. Stoick's fleet arrives home unsuccessful, but he is cheered by Hiccup's unexpected success.

text: Astrid, a tough Viking girl on whom Hiccup has a crush, discovers Hiccup is training Toothless, but Hiccup takes her for a ride to demonstrate his relationship with the dragon before she can tell the village. Toothless unexpectedly takes the pair to the dragons' nest where they discover a gargantuan dragon named the Red Death,2 which eats the smaller dragons unless they bring it stolen livestock.

text: Back at the village, Hiccup subdues a captive dragon in his final training test in front of his father instead of killing it, but Stoick inadvertently angers the dragon into attacking. Toothless attempts to protect Hiccup in the ensuing panic but is instead captured by the Vikings. Hiccup accidentally reveals to Stoick that Toothless is capable of locating the dragons' nest. Stoick disowns his son and sets off for the nest with Toothless chained to the lead ship as a guide.

text: The Vikings expel most of the dragons but are overwhelmed by the Red Death until Hiccup, Astrid and their fellow pupils fly in riding the training dragons from the academy and provide cover fire. Hiccup almost drowns trying to break Toothless free from a sinking ship but Stoick saves them both and then reconciles with his son. Toothless and Hiccup destroy the Red Death but Hiccup is injured in the fight. Hiccup regains consciousness on Berk where his lower left leg has been replaced by a prosthesis, and the Vikings and the dragons now live in harmony.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text: Jay Baruchel as Hiccup Horrendous Haddock III: companion of Toothless, a Night Fury.

text: Gerard Butler as Stoick the Vast, the chieftain of the Viking tribe and Hiccup's father. A fierce, immensely strong and utterly fearless, warrior.

text: Craig Ferguson as Gobber the Belch: blacksmith, a close friend of Stoick's, and training master of the young warriors. He is the mediator between Hiccup and Stoick. He is missing his right foot and his left hand, the latter of which he has replaced with a variety of specialized prosthetics.[3]

text: America Ferrera as Astrid Hofferson, Hiccup's fellow student.

text: Christopher Mintz-Plasse as Fishlegs Ingerman: an enthusiastic youth, knowledgeable in dragon lore narrated role-playing game terms.[4]

text:
Jonah Hill as Snotlout Jorgenson, one of Hiccup's dragon-training classmates. Snotlout is brash, overconfident, and fairly unintelligent, but reliable.
T. J. Miller and Kristen Wiig as Tuffnut and Ruffnut Thorston, a pair of quarrelsome twins.
David Tennant as Spitelout. A Viking who is not named in the film, he appears to be Stoick's second-in-command and Snotlout's father. Tennant has previously narrated a series of Hiccup adventures on audio book.[5]
Robin Atkin Downes as Ack
Philip McGrade as Starkard
Kieron Elliot as Hoark the Haggard
Ashley Jensen as Phlegma the Fierce

text: Production[edit]

text: The book series by Cressida Cowell began coming to attention to the executives at DreamWorks Animation in 2004. Coming off her success in Over the Hedge, producer Bonnie Arnold shortly became interested in the newly acquired property. She kept focusing on the project as time went on, and when DreamWorks Animation co-president of production Bill Damaschke asked her what she wanted to work on next, she chose “How to Train Your Dragon”.[6]

text: In initial development, the plot followed the original novel closely, but about halfway through production Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois, the writer-directors of Disney's Lilo & Stitch, took over as co-directors and it was altered. The original plot was described as, "heavily loyal to the book", but was regarded as being too "sweet" and "whimsical" as well as geared towards a too-young demographic, according to Baruchel.[7] In the novel, Hiccup's dragon, Toothless, is a Common or Garden Dragon, a small breed. In the film, Toothless is a Night Fury, the rarest of all dragons, and is large enough to serve as a flying mount for both Hiccup and Astrid. The filmmakers hired cinematographer Roger Deakins (known for frequently collaborating with the Coen brothers) as a visual consultant to help them with lighting and overall look of the film and to "add a live-action feel".[7] Extensive research was done to depict both flight, as the directors knew they would be the biggest draw of the film's 3D effects, and fire, given animation could break away from the limitations seen in live-action films, where propane flames are usual due to being easier to extinguish. The dragons' design made sure to create animals that were comical and also innovative compared to other dragon fiction. Toothless in particular tried to combine various dragon traits in a black panther-inspired design, that also had large ears and eyes to convey emotion better.[8]

text: The directors made sure to cash in the improvisation abilities of the secondary cast—Christopher Mintz-Plasse, Jonah Hill, Kristen Wiig and T.J Miller—by frequently bringing them together in the recording sessions.[2]

text: Music[edit]

text: John Powell returned to DreamWorks Animation to score How to Train Your Dragon, making it his sixth collaboration with the studio, following his previous score for Kung Fu Panda (which he scored with Hans Zimmer). Powell composed an orchestral score, combining bombastic brass with loud percussion and soothing strings, while also using exotic, Scottish and Irish tones with instruments like the penny whistle and bagpipes. Additionally, Icelandic singer Jónsi wrote and performed the song "Sticks & Stones" for the film. The score was released by Varèse Sarabande on March 23, 2010.

text: Overall, the score was well received by film score critics. Powell earned his first Academy Award nomination for his work on the film, ultimately losing to Trent Reznor and Atticus Ross for their score for The Social Network.

text: Release[edit]

text: How to Train Your Dragon had its United States premiere on March 21, 2010, at the Gibson Amphitheatre in Universal City, California.[9] It was theatrically released on March 26, 2010, in the United States.[10] The film was digitally re-mastered into IMAX 3D, and released to 186 North American IMAX theatres, and approximately 80 IMAX theatres outside North America.[10]

text: Competition for 3D screens[edit]

text: A month before the release, DreamWorks Animation CEO Jeffrey Katzenberg protested Warner Bros.' decision to convert Clash of the Titans from 2D to 3D, then to release it one week after How to Train Your Dragon.[11] Entertainment reporter Kim Masters described the 3D release schedule around March 2010 as a "traffic jam", and speculated that the lack of 3D screen availability could hurt Katzenberg's prospects despite his support of the 3D format.[12]

text: In March 2010, theater industry executives accused Paramount of using high-pressure tactics to coerce theaters to screen How to Train Your Dragon rather than the competing 3D releases, Clash of the Titans and Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland. As theater multiplexes often had just one 3D screen, theaters were unable to accommodate more than one 3D presentation at a time.[13]

text: Box-office[edit]

text: How to Train Your Dragon topped the North American box office with $43.7 million in its first weekend of release.[14] The film grossed $217,581,231 in the United States and Canada and $277,297,528 in foreign countries with a worldwide total of $494,878,759.[1] How to Train Your Dragon is DreamWorks Animation's highest-grossing film in the American and Canadian box office other than the Shrek films.[15] It is the fifth-highest-grossing animated film of 2010 with $494.8 million, behind Toy Story 3 with $1,063.2 million, Shrek Forever After with $752.6 million, Tangled with $576.6 million, and Despicable Me with $543.1 million and the 10th-highest-grossing movie of 2010.[16]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: How To Train Your Dragon received critical acclaim upon its release. Review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reports that 98% of critics gave the film a positive review, based on 200 reviews from professional critics, with an overall rating average of 7.9 out of 10.[17] The site's general consensus is that, "Boasting dazzling animation, a script with surprising dramatic depth, and thrilling 3-D sequences, How to Train Your Dragon soars."[17] By "Tomatometer" score, the film is DreamWorks Animation's highest-rated film. On Metacritic, which assigns a weighted mean rating out of 0–100 reviews from film critics, the film has a rating score of 74 based on 33 reviews, indicating 'Generally favorable reviews.' [18] CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend revealed the average grade cinemagoers gave How to Train Your Dragon was A on an A+ to F scale.[19]

text: Roger Ebert of The Chicago Sun-Times gave it 3 stars out of 4, stating that: "It devotes a great deal of time to aerial battles between tamed dragons and evil ones, and not much to character or story development. But it's bright, good-looking, and has high energy".[20] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave it 3.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "It's a thrilling action-adventure saga with exhilarating 3-D animation, a clever comedy with witty dialogue, a coming-of-age tale with surprising depth and a sweetly poignant tale of friendship between man and animal."[21] Rolling Stone film critic Peter Travers praised the film, giving it three out of four stars and in his print review wrote, "[The film] works enough miracles of 3-D animation to charm your socks off."[22] Roger Moore of The Orlando Sentinel, who gave the film 2½ stars out of 4, wrote a mixed review describing the film as a "more coming-of-age dramedy or 'everything about your world view is wrong' message movie than it is a comedy, and that seems like a waste of a funny book, some very funny actors and some darned witty animation."[23] Kyle Smith of the New York Post gave the film 2/4 stars labeling the film as, "Avatar for simpletons. But that title is already taken, by Avatar".[24] Contrarily, Brett Michel of The Boston Phoenix stated that the film was better than Avatar. A. O. Scott of At The Movies felt the characters and the story were not strong points, but loved the cinematography and said, "that swooping and soaring, they are worth the price of a ticket, so go see it."[25] Village Voice film critic Ella Taylor gave a more negative review of the film, describing it as an "adequate but unremarkable animated tale".[26] Film critic James Berardinelli of ReelViews praised the film and its story, giving it 3.5 out of 4 stars he wrote, "Technically proficient and featuring a witty, intelligent, surprisingly insightful script, How to Train Your Dragon comes close to the level of Pixar's recent output while easily exceeding the juvenilia DreamWorks has released in the last nine years."[27] Entertainment Weekly film critic Owen Gleiberman praised the film giving it an A- and wrote, "How to Train Your Dragon rouses you in conventional ways, but it's also the rare animated film that uses 3-D for its breathtaking spatial and emotional possibilities."[28] ViewLondon's Mathew Turner gave the film 4/5 stars, calling it, "beautifully animated and superbly written", and praised the voice cast, humor, and action. Matt Risley of Variety gave the film a perfect score of 5/5 stars, hailing it as, "undoubtedly Dreamworks' best film yet, and quite probably the best dragon movie ever made".

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Awards

Award
Category
Name
Outcome

Academy Awards[29]
Academy Award for Best Animated Feature
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois
Nominated

Academy Award for Best Original Score
John Powell

Alliance of Women Film Journalists[30]
Best Animated Feature

Best Animated Female
America Ferrera (Astrid)
Won

Annie Awards[31][32]
Annie Award for Best Animated Feature
Bonnie Arnold
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois

Annie Award for Best Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Brett Miller

Jason Mayer
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Character Animation in a Feature Production
Gabe Hordos
Won

Jakob Hjort Jensen
Nominated

David Torres

Annie Award for Best Character Design in an Animated Feature Production
Nico Marlet
Won

Annie Award for Best Directing in an Animated Feature Production
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois

Annie Award for Best Music in an Animated Feature Production
John Powell

Annie Award for Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Pierre-Olivier Vincent

Annie Award for Best Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Tom Owens

Alessandro Carloni
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production
Jay Baruchel (Hiccup)
Won

Gerard Butler (Stoick)
Nominated

Annie Award for Best Writing in an Animated Feature Production
William Davies
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois
Won

British Academy Film Awards[33]
BAFTA Award for Best Animated Film

Nominated

BAFTA Award for Best Film Music
John Powell

Chicago Film Critics Association Awards[34]
Best Animated Film
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois

Critics' Choice Awards[35]
Best Animated Feature Film

Genesis Awards[36]
Best Feature Film

Won

Golden Globe Awards[37]
Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film

Nominated

Golden Reel Awards[38]
Best Sound Editing in an Animated Feature Film

Won

International Film Music Critics Association[39][40]
Film Score of the Year
John Powell

Best Original Score for an Animated Feature
John Powell

Film Music Composition of the Year
John Powell – "Forbidden Friendship"
Nominated

John Powell – "Test Drive"

Kids' Choice Awards[41]
Favorite Animated Movie

Online Film Critics Society Awards[42]
Best Animated Feature
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois

People's Choice Awards[43]
Favorite Family Movie

Satellite Awards[44]
Motion Picture (Animated or Mixed)

Saturn Awards[45]
Saturn Award for Best Music
John Powell

Saturn Award for Best Production Design
Kathy Altieri

Saturn Award for Best Animated Film
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois

Teen Choice Awards[46]
Choice Animated Movie

Toronto Film Critics Association[47]
Toronto Film Critics Association Award for Best Animated Film

Won

Venice Film Festival[48]
Most Creative 3D Film of the Year
Chris Sanders and Dean DeBlois
Tied with James Cameron for Avatar

Visual Effects Society[49]
Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Simon Otto
Craig Ring
Bonnie Arnold

Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Animated Character in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Gabe Hordos
Cassidy Curtis
Mariette Marinus
Brent Watkins

Visual Effects Society Award for Outstanding Effects Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Andy Hayes
Laurent Kermel
Jason Mayer
Brett Miller

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association Awards[50]
Best Animated Feature
Chris Sanders
Dean DeBlois
Nominated

World Soundtrack Academy[51]
World Soundtrack Award for Soundtrack Composer of the Year
John Powell

World Soundtrack Award for Best Original Song Written Directly for a Film
Jón Þór Birgisson

text: Home media[edit]

text: How to Train Your Dragon was released on single-disc DVD, two-disc double DVD pack and Blu-ray/DVD combo pack in Canada and the United States on Friday, October 15, 2010. Among the features available in the two-disc DVD edition is an original sequel short film, Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon. As of July 18, 2012, units sold for the DVD stand at more than 6.5 million copies and has grossed $121,663,692.[52]

text: Samsung signed a deal with DreamWorks to gain exclusive distribution rights to a Blu-ray 3D version of the film. The exclusive agreement ended on September 11, 2011, when How to Train Your Dragon - 3D was released in a two-disc Blu-ray combo pack.

text: It was re-released by Paramount Home Entertainment on Blu-ray and DVD on May 27, 2014.[53]

text: Expanded franchise[edit]

text: Sequels[edit]

text: A sequel, How to Train Your Dragon 2, was confirmed on April 27, 2010.[54] The film was directed and written by Dean DeBlois, the co-director of the first film. Bonnie Arnold, the producer of the first film, also returned.[55] The film was released on June 13, 2014 by 20th Century Fox, to critical acclaim.[56][57] The entire original voice cast—Baruchel, Butler, Ferguson, Ferrera, Hill, Mintz-Plasse, Miller,and Wiig—returned for the sequel[58] with the addition of Cate Blanchett, Djimon Hounsou, and Kit Harington.

text: A third film, How to Train Your Dragon 3, is in development. The film will also be directed and written by DeBlois, produced by Bonnie Arnold, and exec-produced by Chris Sanders, with all the main cast set to return. Cate Blanchett and Djimon Hounsou will also reprise their roles as Valka and Drago respectively from the second film.[59][60] It is scheduled to be released on March 1, 2019 by Universal Pictures.[61]

text: Short films[edit]

text: Four post-movie short films were released: Legend of the Boneknapper Dragon (2010), Book of Dragons (2011), Gift of the Night Fury (2011), and Dawn of the Dragon Racers (2014).[citation needed]

text: Television series[edit]

text: A television series based on the film premiered on Cartoon Network in Autumn 2012. Jay Baruchel, America Ferrera, Christopher Mintz-Plasse, and T. J. Miller reprise their roles as Hiccup, Astrid, Fishlegs, and Tuffnut. The series follows Hiccup and his friends as they learn more about dragons, discover new ones, teach others to feel comfortable around them, adapt traditions within the village to fit their new friends and battle against enemies as they explore new worlds. Hiccup has been made head of Berk Dragon Academy.[62]

text: Video games[edit]

text: An action adventure video game released by Activision, called How to Train Your Dragon, was released for the Wii, Xbox 360, PS3 and Nintendo DS gaming consoles. It is loosely based on the film and was released on March 23, 2010.

text: School of Dragons, a 3D free-to-play MMO, was released on July 17, 2013, at the San Diego Comic-Con.[63][64] The game is available for PC, Android and iOS.[65]

text: Arena show[edit]

text: How To Train Your Dragon Arena Spectacular is an arena show adaptation of the first film featuring 24 animatronic dragons, acrobats and projections. It premiered on March 2, 2012, in Melbourne, Australia.[66]


document_title: Jessica Jones

question_text: when do luke cage and jessica jones marry

text: Jessica Jones

text: Creation[edit]

text: Jessica Jones debuted in the Marvel MAX imprint series Alias, in November 2001. The character and series were created by writer Brian Michael Bendis and artist Michael Gaydos. Alias ran for 28 issues from 2001 to 2004, with most covers drawn by David W. Mack. After the end of the series, Jones and other characters from the series moved to Bendis' subsequent series, The Pulse. In a 2005 interview,[2] Bendis claimed:

text: "Originally, Alias was going to star Jessica Drew, but it became something else entirely. Which is good, because had we used Jessica, it would have been off continuity and bad storytelling." Previously, Bendis commented, "I was at one time toying with doing Jessica Drew [in Alias] because she has the best hair of any superhero in comics, but this book is entirely different than what that idea was to be."[3]

text: By the time Bendis was actively developing the title, Jones was his central character, one with a distinct background and voice from Drew's.[4]

text: Jessica Jones appeared as a regular character throughout the 2010–2013 New Avengers series, from issue #1 (August 2010) through its final issue #34 (January 2013). In a Marvel Comics podcast, Bendis expressed his desire to incorporate Jones into the parallel universe Ultimate Marvel imprint.[5] In Ultimate Spider-Man #106, she appears as a senior at Peter Parker's school.

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: Origin[edit]

text: Midtown High student Jessica Campbell goes to school with Peter Parker, on whom she has a crush and is present when he is bitten by the irradiated spider which gives him radioactive powers.[6] Jessica's father receives tickets for Disney World from his boss Tony Stark. On the way home, their car collides with a military convoy carrying radioactive chemicals. Her family is killed, and she spends several months in a coma. Upon waking, she is placed in an orphanage and adopted by the Jones family.[6] Jessica later discovers that her radiation exposure granted her super strength, limited invulnerability, and flight. Jessica's adoptive parents re-enroll her at Midtown High, where she is ostracized by her classmates, especially Flash Thompson. Peter Parker (who has since become Spider-Man) senses in Jessica a kindred spirit—someone who has also lost her family due to a tragic circumstance. Jessica mistakes his kind attention for pity and lashes out at him.[7] She later witnesses a fight between Spider-Man and the villain Sandman in her school. This inspires her to use her abilities for positive ends.[8]

text: Early years[edit]

text: As Jewel, Jones has a fairly uneventful superhero career until she intervenes in a disturbance at a restaurant involving Zebediah Killgrave, the Purple Man. Killgrave uses his power of mind control to place Jones under his command, psychologically torturing her and forcing her to aid his criminal schemes.[9] After Killgrave sends her to kill Daredevil at the Avengers Mansion, Jones is rescued by Carol Danvers, the only Avenger who actually knows her.[10] Jones undergoes psychic therapy with Jean Grey of the X-Men, who places a special mental command in Jones's subconscious to protect her from further mind control.[11] During this time, Jones develops a brief romantic relationship with S.H.I.E.L.D. agent Clay Quartermain.[10] Due to the traumatic violation of her mind by Killgrave and the fact that she was barely noticed missing for eight months, a demoralized and depressed Jones gives up her costumed superhero life.[12] She briefly adopts a darker identity as the Knightress and interrupts a crime meeting between the Owl and a mafioso, through which she meets up with fellow superhero Luke Cage. After defeating the Owl, she and Cage develop a lasting friendship.[13] No longer a superhero, Jones opens a private detective agency. Longtime friend Carol Danvers sets Jones up with Scott Lang (the second Ant-Man), and the two date for several months. She also has an off-and-on affair with Cage.[14] Killgrave, still obsessed with Jones, escapes from high-security incarceration, but with the mental defenses Grey gave her, Jones breaks his control and subsequently beats him to death.[11] Later, Cage and Jones admit their feelings for each other, and after she becomes pregnant with their child, they begin a committed relationship.[15]

text: The Pulse and Young Avengers[edit]

text: Jones takes a leave from the detective business and joins the staff of the Daily Bugle as a superhero correspondent and consultant, becoming a main character of the comic book The Pulse, and a contributor to the same-name fictional newspaper supplement within. A pregnant Jones is attacked by the Green Goblin after the Bugle reported that he was secretly industrialist Norman Osborn. In response, Cage retaliates and Osborn is irrevocably exposed as the Goblin upon his defeat and incarceration. Jones quits her job with the Bugle after publisher J. Jonah Jameson uses the paper to smear the New Avengers. Jones and Cage are living together when she gives birth to their child, whom they name Danielle after Luke's best friend, Danny Rand.[13] Cage and Jones marry in New Avengers Annual #1.[16] Jones appears as a supporting character in Young Avengers until the series ended. She returns in Avengers: The Children's Crusade #6 in which she, Beast and Hawkeye attempted to defuse the situation between the Avengers and X-Men who were fighting over who was to punish the Scarlet Witch. She helps fight Doctor Doom and is present when Stature and the Vision are killed. She is seen hugging Hulkling in the final panel when the team is declared full-fledged Avengers by Captain America.

text: "Civil War", "Secret Invasion" and "Dark Reign"[edit]

text: In Marvel's 2006–2007 crossover storyline "Civil War", Jones and Cage reject Iron Man and Ms. Marvel's offer to join the Superhuman Registration Act. As part of the New Avengers, Jones moved into Doctor Strange's Sanctum Sanctorum, but after an attack involving the demonic villain the Hood, Jones, shaken by the experience and desperate to protect her child, left the New Avengers and registered for the Superhuman Registration Act, ending her relationship with Luke Cage for the time being.[17] Jones is among the heroes who emerge from the crashed Skrull ship wearing her Jewel costume, although it is later revealed this Jones was a Skrull.[18][19] The real Jessica Jones appears in Secret Invasion #7, in which she joins in the heroes' fight against the Skrulls and was able to be reunited with her husband. After the Skrull surrender, the Skrull impersonating Jarvis disappears with their daughter, leaving Jessica desperate.[20]

text: Jessica is unaware that Luke has asked Norman Osborn for help in their search for Danielle.[21] Osborn helped Luke recover Danielle, and Luke gave the baby back to Jessica.[22] Spider-Man revealed himself as Peter Parker to the New Avengers, leaving Jones shocked to see that her former classmate is Spider-Man. She then tells Peter of her former crush on him, only to find out that he did not recognize her all this time, let alone remember her name, only remembering her as "Coma Girl", upsetting her.[23] She later assists the Avengers in rescuing Clint after being captured by Norman Osborn.[24] Jessica reveals that she was inspired to become a superheroine after witnessing an early battle between Spider-Man and the Sandman. Peter then tries to convince Jessica to return to the life of a superhero, suggesting that she could provide a better example for her daughter by going into action as a hero rather than simply telling her daughter about her old career.[25][26]

text: Recent years[edit]

text: During the storylines of Marvel's 2010 "Heroic Age" branding campaign, Jessica, returned to her costumed identity of Jewel, became a member of the New Avengers when the title relaunched in June 2010.[27] She and Luke began searching for a nanny, interviewing characters featured from other comics set in the Marvel Universe. Ultimately, Squirrel Girl was chosen as Danielle's nanny.[28] In New Avengers #8, Jessica took the name Power Woman to both honor her husband, Power Man (Luke Cage), and to be a role model for their daughter.[29] However following several incidents revolving around Thule Society attacking Avengers Mansion,[30] and Norman Osborn's threat,[31] Jessica quit the team and went into hiding, realizing that it was too dangerous for Danielle to remain in Avengers Mansion due to the numerous potential threats.[32]

text: Jessica later appeared as an ally to the Mighty Avengers team formed by Luke Cage. Jessica and Danielle lived in the apartment of the Gem Theater, which was serving as the Mighty Avenger's base of operations. She and Luke would later be confronted by the Superior Spider-Man and his Spider Robots, who offered her a place on a different type of Avengers team that was to be run by him. Jessica swiftly found a babysitter for her child and refused before delivering a powerful punch to Spider-Man's face for his threat. The group was later backed up by She-Hulk and she and Jessica decided to go out for coffee. Jessica and Luke would later switch apartments with an old friend of Luke's named David Griffiths. While moving in, Jessica spoke to the Blue Marvel about what it's like to raise a child of superheroes and expressed both her support and annoyance at her husband's choice to start another team of Avengers.

text: In October 2016, a new ongoing series featuring the character, titled Jessica Jones, began. In 2017, a new onging Defenders series was launched, featuring Jessica as one of the main characters.

text: Powers and abilities[edit]

text: After coming into contact with experimental chemicals and spending some time in a coma, Jessica emerged with superhuman abilities. She possesses superhuman strength, as well as flight, and can block mind control. She shows the capacity to lift a two-ton police car with little effort. Her strength allowed her to lift up a giant-sized Goliath by the nostrils and toss him a short distance, break Atlas' nose, and render her fellow superheroine Jessica Drew unconscious with a single punch to the face. She later withstood being punched by a human on Mutant-Growth Hormone and suffered only mild bruising and a bloody nose and was able to recover in moments after being shocked by Jessica Drew's venom blasts. Despite this resistance to harm, Jessica suffered severe injuries, including a damaged spine and neck, a detached retina, and a broken nose after being attacked by both the Vision and Iron Man.[10]

text: Jessica is also able to fly, and while she was able to fly quite well during her early years as a heroine, she has admitted that her flying ability degenerated while she was no longer an active hero. She has since displayed improved flying ability after joining the New Avengers.[volume & issue needed]

text: After her ordeal at the hands of the Purple Man, Jessica was given a degree of psionic protection by Jean Grey of the X-Men. This psionic protection was sufficient to protect Jessica against a second attack by the Purple Man, though she had to "trigger" this resistance on her own.[11]

text: In addition to her superhuman powers, Jessica is a skilled detective and investigative journalist.[33]

text: Other versions[edit]

text: Multiple versions of Jessica Jones have appeared in Marvel's multiverse. In the 2005 "House of M" storyline, Jessica was apparently dating Scott Lang.[34]

text: In What If,[35] Jones accepted Captain America's offer to work for S.H.I.E.L.D.. Perceiving that something was amiss with Wanda Maximoff (the Scarlet Witch), she alerted the other Avengers, ensuring that the catastrophic events depicted in "Avengers Disassembled" and "House of M" would never occur. Jessica married Captain America.

text: In Ultimate Spider-Man,[36] Jones appeared as a senior student in the school Peter Parker attended. She was the executive producer of the school's television network. She later became jealous of Mary Jane Watson's superior film skills. She attempted to deduce Spider-Man's secret identity for the school newspaper and may have been suspicious about Peter Parker. Later on after the events of Ultimatum, she claimed to have abandoned her attempts to figure out who Spider-Man was and instead wanted to focus on his heroics.[36]

text: In Spider-Man Loves Mary Jane, Jessica was a student at Mary-Jane's high school and was a former friend of Mary Jane until she became a goth. Mary-Jane spent more time with Jessica after her breakup with Ned Leeds and became more goth-like until Jessica told Mary Jane it wasn't her.

text: In other media[edit]

text: Television[edit]

text: On November 20, 2015, Jessica Jones was released on Netflix, with the title character portrayed by Krysten Ritter as an adult[37][38] and by Elizabeth Cappuccino as a teenager. As a child, she was in a car accident that killed her parents and put her in a coma. After she regained consciousness, Jessica was legally adopted by talent agent Dorothy Walker, therefore becoming the adopted sister of Trish Walker. As an adult, Jessica crosses paths with Kilgrave and spends a year under his control, snapping out of it after she kills Luke Cage's wife Reva Connors on Kilgrave's orders. She suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder as a result of what Kilgrave did to her, and drinks to excess to numb her pain and guilt. Her Jewel costume from the comics appears briefly in the fifth episode of season 1, "AKA: The Sandwich Saved Me", although she refuses to wear it and rejects Trish's suggestion of Jewel as an alias, saying "Jewel is a stripper's name, a really slutty stripper. And if I wear that thing you're going to have to call me Camel Toe."[39] In the eighth episode of Iron Fist, Joy Meachum indirectly mentions to her brother Ward that she hired Jessica in the past to take compromising pictures of members on the Rand Enterprises board of directors. Ritter reprised her role in The Defenders, a 2017 crossover miniseries.[40]

text: Video games[edit]

text:
Jessica Jones appears in a series of Marvel mobile and video games, such as Marvel: War of Heroes,[41] and Marvel: Future Fight. Her appearance in all of them is based off the Netflix version.[42]
A teenage version of Jones appears in Marvel Avengers Academy, where she is voiced by Michelle Phan. She initially resembles her Netflix counterpart but gains the Jewel costume once she is upgraded.[43]
Jones appears in Marvel Heroes, where she is voiced by Mary Elizabeth McGlynn and Tara Strong.[44][45]
Jones a playable character in Lego Marvel's Avengers, voiced by Tara Strong. This version is based on her Jewel variant. Her mission requires the player to find Mantis, She-Hulk, Squirrel Girl, and Echo, who have applied to be a potential nanny for Danielle.
She appears as a playable character in Marvel: Avengers Alliance.[46]


document_title: It's Complicated (film)

question_text: who does meryl streep end up with in it's complicated

question_tokens: who does meryl streep end up with in it 's complicated

text: It's Complicated (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Jane (Meryl Streep), who owns a successful bakery in Santa Barbara, California, and Jake Adler (Alec Baldwin), a successful attorney, divorced ten years earlier. They had three children together, two girls and a boy, who are grown. Jake, who was cheating on Jane, married the much younger Agness (Lake Bell).

text: Jane and Jake attend their son Luke's graduation from college in New York City. After a dinner together, the two begin an affair, which continues in Santa Barbara. Jane is torn about the affair; Jake is not. While Agness has Jake scheduled for regular sessions at a fertility clinic, Jake is secretly taking medication to increase urine flow, the side effects of which are decreased sperm count and dizziness.  After one of his sessions he has a lunchtime rendezvous with Jane at a hotel. Jake collapses in the hotel room and a doctor is called. The doctor speculates that the reason for Jake's distress may be the medication and says he should stop taking it. Jake and Jane's children know nothing of the affair, but Harley (John Krasinski), who is engaged to their daughter Lauren, spots the pair and the doctor in the hotel, but keeps silent.

text: Adam (Steve Martin) is an architect hired to remodel Jane's home. Still healing from a divorce of his own, he begins to fall in love with Jane. On the night of Luke's graduation party in Santa Barbara, Jane invites Adam to the party. She is stoned when he picks her up because she has smoked a marijuana joint that Jake had given her earlier. Before going into the party, Adam smokes some of the joint with Jane. Once inside, they are laughing and happily high, Jake becomes jealous observing them, and after pressing Jane, smokes some with her also.

text: Agness then observes Jake and Jane dancing together and realizes they are having an affair. When they leave the party, Adam asks Jane if they could have something to eat. Jane takes him to her bakery and they make chocolate croissants together. Jake and Agness separate, although it is not clear who leaves whom. Eventually by a webcam in Jane's bedroom, Adam sees Jake naked and realizes that the two have been having an affair. Adam tells Jane he cannot continue seeing her because it will only lead to heartbreak. Jane's kids also find out, and they are not happy about Mom and Dad getting together again because they are still recovering from the divorce. Jane tells them she is not getting back with Jake. Jane and Jake talk and end their affair on amicable terms. The film ends with Adam at Jane's house ready to commence the remodeling. Before the credits roll, Jane and Adam are seen laughing about the chocolate croissants while walking into her house.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Meryl Streep as Jane Adler, a successful bakery owner.
Steve Martin as Adam Schaffer, Jane's architect.
Alec Baldwin as Jacob "Jake" Adler, Jane's ex-husband.
Lake Bell as Agness Adler, Jake's wife.
Hunter Parrish as Luke David Adler, Jane and Jake's son.
Zoe Kazan as Gabby Adler, Jane and Jake's younger daughter.
Caitlin FitzGerald as Lauren Adler, Jane and Jake's older daughter.
John Krasinski as Harley, Lauren's fiancé.
Mary Kay Place as Joanne
Rita Wilson as Trisha
Alexandra Wentworth as Diane
James Patrick Stuart as Dr. Moss, the plastic surgeon
Blanchard Ryan as Annalise
Michael Rivera as Eddie
Robert Curtis Brown as Peter
Peter Mackenzie as Dr. Alan, Jane's therapist.
Rosalie Ward as Alex
Jimmy Clabots as Chase
Emjay Anthony as Pedro Adler
Emily Kinney as Waitress.
Nora Dunn as Sally
Bruce Altman as Ted
Lisa Lynn Masters as the beautiful woman in elevator.

text: Production[edit]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In May 2008, Nancy Meyers agreed to a project for Universal Studios that she would write and direct, to be co-produced with Scott Rudin.[7] The project was referred to as The Untitled Nancy Meyers Project during its inception and early production. Establishing commitments from the principals began in 2008, with Meryl Streep and Alec Baldwin entering discussions in August,[8][9] and Steve Martin joining the cast in October.[10]  Casting continued through 2009, with Zoe Kazan, Lake Bell, and Hunter Parrish joining in January,[11] John Krasinski in February,[12] Rita Wilson in March,[13] and Caitlin Fitzgerald in June.[14]

text: Filming[edit]

text: While the majority of the film is set in Santa Barbara, California, most of the filming – including nearly all of the interiors – took place in New York City.[15] Principal photography began on February 18, 2009 at the Broadway Stages in the Brooklyn borough, where the interior scenes of Jane's house were shot. Several other key locations were used during the first portion of filming in New York, including Picnic House, a large, studio-sized structure in Brooklyn's Prospect Park, where Jane's bakery was built inside; the facilities at Sarabeth's Bakery in the Chelsea Market; and a commercial loft building in New York's Chelsea district, where scenes at Adam's architecture office were filmed in.[15] As Martin was soon to embark on a concert tour to promote The Crow: New Songs for the Five-String Banjo (2009), his schedule required the team to complete shooting his scenes during the first two months of filming.[15]

text: In April 2009, the company relocated to Los Angeles, where cast and crew started filming scenes taking place outside Jane's house, for which a ranch house located in Thousand Oaks in the north of Los Angeles was used.[15] In mid-April, the crew spent a few days filming exteriors in Montecito and Santa Barbara – just days before wildfires took a heavy toll on the area.[15] Additional scenes were taken in front of numerous downtown landmarks, including the Santa Barbara County Courthouse and the El Paseo section.[15] Afterwards, the team returned to Los Angeles for completion of the scenes at Jane's house and for the filming at the Bel-Air Bay Club in the Pacific Palisades neighborhood.[15] In early May, principal photography returned to Brooklyn for completion.[15] For Luke's graduation scenes, shooting took place at St. John's University in Queens and on Park Avenue in Manhattan.[15] Several different locations stood in for the fictional Park Regent hotel: While a Donald Trump-owned residence building on Park Avenue and 59th Street was used for exterior shots, the lobby and Jane's hotel room were in the JW Marriott Essex House. The hotel bar was the interior of a restaurant on Tenth Avenue.[15] Filming eventually completed in August 2009.[16]

text: The sets were easy to design. Most scenes take place in the protagonist's home and interior courtyard, and as such the architectural details had to be fastidiously worked out, but the rooms were kept bare to reflect the character's functional tastes and limited budget. There are relatively few decorations, just "a bunch of thrift-store things haphazardly thrown together", in the words of production designer Jon Hutman. The building itself is a traditional 1920s Spanish-ranch-style adobe-mud house which "epitomised the Santa Barbara area."[17]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: It's Complicated received mixed reviews from film critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 57% based on 178 reviews, and an average rating of 5.8/10. The website's critical consensus is: "Despite fine work by an appealing cast, It's Complicated is predictable romantic comedy fare, going for broad laughs instead of subtlety and nuance."[18] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a weighted average, gave the film a score of 57 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[19]

text: Wesley Morris of the Boston Globe called the film "the most emotionally sophisticated of all Meyers’s fantasies" and praised the acting performances in it. He noted that the film felt like "a made-for-Meryl film [in which] Streep deploys all her best moves [...] in movie star mode, and she’s irresistible," and declared Baldwin a worthy match to her, writing: "It’s Complicated unleashes an unabashedly, desperately romantic side of Baldwin that we haven’t seen before. He doesn’t steal this movie so much as grant all Streep’s fluttering and twirling and hand-fanning an exuberant counterweight."[21] In his review for the Washington Post, Michael O'Sullivan called the film a "very grown-up – and very funny – love story [which] manages to be both light on its feet and heavy enough to deliver something of a message." He concluded: "Food Network porn, hot, middle-age sex and a happy, if slightly bittersweet, ending. For a particular audience – but not just for that audience – what's not to love?"[20] Peter Travers of Rolling Stone called the film an "unapologetic chick flick" and wrote that "you don't have to feel guilty for lapping up this froth. Just don't expect nourishment." He rated the film two and a half stars out of four.[22]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times also gave it the same rating and called the film a prime example of Meyer's established "cottage industry of movies about romantically inclined middle-aged people." He found praise for the cast of both Baldwin and Streep, the latter of which he felt "inspires as so often our belief that she's good at everything she does," but noted that while the film contained "funny stuff" and likeable characters, It's Complicated was more of "a rearrangement of the goods in Nancy Meyers' bakery, and some of them belong on the day-old shelf."[23] Writing for Time magazine, Mary Pols complimented Streep's "radiant, funny and endearingly vulnerable" performance and Meyers' "clever and fresh [...] intent in showing the reality of the fantasy coming true." She, however, felt that It's Complicated "is positioned more as a which-guy-will-she-choose story" which misses "dramatic tension to feed that plot line."[24]

text: Lisa Schwarzbaum of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B- rating and declared the film a "middle-aged porn, the specialty of Meyers, who also set ladies and interior decorators drooling over homes and gardens in 2006's The Holiday."[25] Lou Lumenick from New York Post stated that it "coulda had more laughs, but in the spirit of seasonal good cheer, let me predict that the best-chocolate-croissant-making montage in Hollywood history is going to help this one clean up at the box office." He found that Martin seemed "uncomfortable in his thankless role," while "Streep and Baldwin, though, seem to be thoroughly enjoying themselves" and compared the film to Noël Coward's classic farce Private Lives.[26] Salon.com writer Stephanie Zacharek dismissed the film as "another missive from romantic-comedy hell," and felt that "Alec Baldwin -- in his undershorts, no less -- saves Nancy Meyers' latest midlife whingefest."[27]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Released on December 25, 2009 in the United States,[28][29] the film opened in 2,887 locations and placed fourth on the US box office after its first weekend. It charted behind Avatar, Sherlock Holmes, and Alvin and the Chipmunks: The Squeakquel with $22.1 million, scoring a $7,655 average income per theatre. It played well through the holidays and into January 2010, ultimately closing on April 1 with $112.7 million in North America and a total of $219.1 million worldwide.[3]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Awards

Award

Category

Recipient(s)

Outcome

Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards

Best Comedy Film

Film

Nominated

Golden Globe Awards[30]

Best Actress – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy

Meryl Streep

Nominated

Best Motion Picture - Musical or Comedy

Nancy Meyers

Nominated

Best Screenplay

Nancy Meyers

Nominated

National Board of Review of Motion Pictures Awards

Best Ensemble Cast

Film

Won

Satellite Awards

Best Film – Musical or Comedy

Film

Nominated

BAFTA Awards

Best Supporting Actor

Alec Baldwin

Nominated

text: Home media[edit]

text: It's Complicated  became available on DVD and Blu-ray Tuesday, April 27, 2010.[31]