document_title: 2002 FIFA World Cup

question_text: who did england play in 2002 world cup

question_tokens: who did england play in 2002 world cup

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text: 2002 FIFA World Cup

text: Host selection[edit]

text: South Korea and Japan were selected as hosts by FIFA on 31 May 1996. Initially, South Korea, Japan, and Mexico presented three rival bids. FIFA officials brokered a united bid between the two Asian countries shortly before the decision was made, and they were chosen unanimously in preference to Mexico.[3] This was the first World Cup to be hosted by more than one country, the second being the 2026 World Cup to be hosted by the U.S., Mexico, and Canada. The general secretary of South Korea's bidding committee, Song Young-shik, stated that FIFA was interested in staging some matches in North Korea in order to aid Korean reunification, but it was ruled out.[4]

tag: p

text: At the time the decision was made, Japan had never qualified for a World Cup finals (although the Japanese did subsequently qualify for the 1998 competition). The only other countries to have been awarded a World Cup without previously having competed in a final tournament are Italy in 1934 and Qatar in 2022.  (Uruguay hosted the first World Cup in 1930 so there was no prior tournament.  They were defending Olympic champions from 1928).

text: The unusual choice of host proved an issue for football fans in Europe, used to watching international matches on or close to their time zone.[5] With games taking place in the European morning, some schools and businesses chose to open late on match days or set up communal watching events before the start of work.[6][7]

text: Qualification[edit]

text: A total of 199 teams attempted to qualify for the 2002 World Cup which qualification process began with the preliminary draw held in Tokyo on 7 December 1999. Defending champions France and co-hosts South Korea and Japan qualified automatically and did not have to play any qualification matches. This was the final World Cup in which the defending champions qualified automatically.[8]

text: 14 places were contested by UEFA teams (Europe), five by CAF teams (Africa), four by CONMEBOL teams (South America), four by AFC teams (Asia), and three by CONCACAF teams (North and Central America and Caribbean). The remaining two places were decided by playoffs between AFC and UEFA and between CONMEBOL and OFC (Oceania). Four nations qualified for the finals for the first time: China, Ecuador, Senegal, and Slovenia. As of 2018, this was the last time Republic of Ireland, Turkey and China qualified for a FIFA World Cup finals.

text: Turkey qualified for the first time since 1954, Poland and Portugal both qualified for the first time since 1986 and Uruguay qualified for the first time since 1990. 1998 semi-finalists the Netherlands, three times 1990s participants Romania and Colombia and Norway, Bulgaria and Morocco, which had participated in the previous 2 finals, failed to qualify, while South Korea set a record by appearing in a fifth successive finals tournament, the first nation from outside Europe or the Americas to achieve this feat.

text: All seven previous World Cup-winning nations (Argentina, Brazil, England, France, Germany, Italy and Uruguay) qualified, the first time so many previous champions had been present at a finals tournament (all these nations had also appeared at the 1986 tournament, but France had not yet won the competition). Previously, the last world cup final tournament with all former champions present was the 1970 edition.

text: List of qualified teams[edit]

text: The following 32 teams, shown with final pre-tournament rankings,[9] qualified for the final tournament:

text:
AFC (4)
 China PR (50)
 Japan (32) (co-hosts)
 Saudi Arabia (34)
 South Korea (40) (co-hosts)
CAF (5)
 Cameroon (17)
 Nigeria (27)
 Senegal (42)
 South Africa (37)
 Tunisia (31)
OFC (0)
None qualified

CONCACAF (3)
 Costa Rica (29)
 Mexico (7)
 United States (13)
CONMEBOL (5)
 Argentina (3)
 Brazil (2)
 Ecuador (36)
 Paraguay (18)
 Uruguay (24)

UEFA (15)
 Belgium (23)
 Croatia (21)
 Denmark (20)
 England (12)
 France (1)
 Germany (11)
 Italy (6)
 Poland (38)
 Portugal (5)
 Republic of Ireland (15)
 Russia (28)
 Slovenia (25)
 Spain (8)
 Sweden (19)
 Turkey (22)

   Countries qualified for the World Cup   Country failed to qualify   Countries that did not enter the World Cup   Country not a FIFA member

tag: table

text: Venues[edit]

text: South Korea and Japan each provided 10 venues, the vast majority of them newly built for the tournament. Groups A-D played all their matches in South Korea, and Groups E-H played all their matches in Japan.[10] The stadiums in Daegu, Suwon, Yokohama and Saitama all hosted 4 matches each, while the other 16 stadiums hosted 3 matches each. Notably, no matches were played in Tokyo, making it the first capital of a host country not to have a World Cup venue.

text:
South Korea

Daegu

Seoul

Busan

Incheon

Ulsan

Daegu World Cup StadiumCapacity: 68,014[11]Group/Third place

Seoul World Cup StadiumCapacity: 63,961[12]Group/Knock-out

Busan Asiad StadiumCapacity: 55,982[13]Group

Incheon Munhak StadiumCapacity: 52,179[14]Group

Ulsan Munsu Football StadiumCapacity: 43,550[15]Group/Knock-out

Suwon

Gwangju

Jeonju

Seogwipo

Daejeon

Suwon World Cup StadiumCapacity: 43,188[16]Group/Knock-out

Gwangju World Cup StadiumCapacity: 42,880[17]Group/Knock-out

Jeonju World Cup StadiumCapacity: 42,391[18]Group/Knock-out

Jeju World Cup StadiumCapacity: 42,256[19]Group/Knock-out

Daejeon World Cup StadiumCapacity: 40,407[20]Group/Knock-out

South Korea

BusanDaeguDaejeonGwangjuIncheonJeonjuSeogwipoSeoulSuwonUlsanJapan

Japan

IbarakiKobeMiyagiNiigataŌitaOsakaSaitamaSapporoShizuokaYokohamaS. Korea

Japan

Yokohama

Saitama

Shizuoka

Osaka

Miyagi

International Stadium YokohamaCapacity: 72,327[21]Group/Final

Saitama Stadium 2002Capacity: 63,000[22]Group/Knock-out

Shizuoka "Ecopa" StadiumCapacity: 50,600[23]Group/Knock-out

Nagai StadiumCapacity: 50,000[24]Group/Knock-out

Miyagi StadiumCapacity: 49,000[25]Group/Knock-out

Ōita

Niigata

Ibaraki

Kobe

Sapporo

Ōita StadiumCapacity: 43,000[26]Group/Knock-out

Niigata StadiumCapacity: 42,300[27]Group/Knock-out

Kashima Soccer StadiumCapacity: 42,000[28]Group

Kobe Wing StadiumCapacity: 42,000[29]Group/Knock-out

Sapporo DomeCapacity: 42,000[30]Group

text: Match officials[edit]

text:
showList of match officials by confederation and country

Referees
AFC
Lu Jun (China)
Toru Kamikawa (Japan)
Saad Mane (Kuwait)
Kim Young-joo (South Korea)
Ali Bujsaim (United Arab Emirates)
CAF
Coffi Codjia (Benin)
Gamal Al-Ghandour (Egypt)
Mohamed Guezzaz (Morocco)
Falla N'Doye (Senegal)
Mourad Daami (Tunisia)
CONCACAF
William Mattus (Costa Rica)
Carlos Batres (Guatemala)
Peter Prendergast (Jamaica)
Felipe Ramos (Mexico)
Brian Hall (United States)
CONMEBOL
Ángel Sánchez (Argentina)
René Ortubé (Bolivia)
Carlos Simon (Brazil)
Óscar Ruiz (Colombia)
Byron Moreno (Ecuador)
Ubaldo Aquino (Paraguay)
OFC
Mark Shield (Australia)
UEFA
Kim Milton Nielsen (Denmark)
Graham Poll (England)
Gilles Veissière (France)
Markus Merk (Germany)
Kyros Vassaras (Greece)
Pierluigi Collina (Italy)
Jan Wegereef (Netherlands)
Terje Hauge (Norway)
Vítor Melo Pereira (Portugal)
Hugh Dallas (Scotland)
Ľuboš Micheľ (Slovakia)
Antonio López Nieto (Spain)
Anders Frisk (Sweden)
Urs Meier (Switzerland)

Assistant referees
AFC
Komaleeswaran Sankar (India)
Awni Hassaouneh (Jordan)
Haidar Koleit (Lebanon)
Mat Lazim Awang Hamat (Malaysia)
Mohamed Saeed (Maldives)
Ali Al-Traifi (Saudi Arabia)
Visva Krishnan (Singapore)
CAF
Wagih Farag (Egypt)
Dramane Dante (Mali)
Taoufik Adjengui (Tunisia)
Ali Tomusange (Uganda)
Brighton Mudzamiri (Zimbabwe)
CONCACAF
Curtis Charles (Antigua and Barbuda)
Héctor Vergara (Canada)
Vladimir Fernández (El Salvador)
Michael Ragoonath (Trinidad and Tobago)
CONMEBOL
Jorge Rattalino (Argentina)
Jorge Oliveira (Brazil)
Bomer Fierro (Ecuador)
Miguel Giacomuzzi (Paraguay)
OFC
Paul Smith (New Zealand)
Elise Doriri (Vanuatu)
UEFA
Egon Bereuter (Austria)
Yury Dupanov (Belarus)
Roland Van Nylen (Belgium)
Evžen Amler (Czech Republic)
Jens Larsen (Denmark)
Philip Sharp (England)
Frédéric Arnault (France)
Heiner Müller (Germany)
Ferenc Székely (Hungary)
Jaap Pool (Netherlands)
Maciej Wierzbowski (Poland)
Carlos Matos (Portugal)
Igor Šramka (Slovakia)
Leif Lindberg (Sweden)

text: There was much controversy over the refereeing in the tournament. Questionable decisions in the Italy-South Korea match resulted in 400,000 complaints, and featured in ESPN's 10 most fabled World Cup controversies.[31] The Spain-South Korea match featured two controversially disallowed Spanish goals, which Iván Helguera referred to as "a robbery" and led to Spanish press brandishing the officials "thieves of dreams," though FIFA dismissed the incident as human error.[32]

text: Squads[edit]

text: This was the first World Cup that featured squads of 23 players, an increase from 22 previously. Of the 23 players, 3 must be goalkeepers.

text: Seeds[edit]

text: The eight seeded teams for the 2002 tournament were announced on 28 November 2001. The seeds comprised Pot A in the draw. Pot B contained the remaining 11 European sides; Pot C contained five unseeded qualifiers from CONMEBOL and AFC. Pot D contained unseeded sides from the CONCACAF region and Africa.[33] This was the last FIFA World Cup with the defending champion in Group A. Since 2006, the Host nation has been in Group A.

text:
Pot A

Pot B

Pot C

Pot D

 Argentina
 Brazil
 France (1998 World Cup winner)
 Germany
 Italy
 Japan (co-hosts)
 South Korea (co-hosts)
 Spain

 Belgium
 Croatia
 Denmark
 England
 Poland
 Portugal
 Republic of Ireland
 Russia
 Slovenia
 Sweden
 Turkey

 China PR
 Ecuador
 Paraguay
 Saudi Arabia
 Uruguay

 Cameroon
 Costa Rica
 Mexico
 Nigeria
 Senegal
 South Africa
 Tunisia
 United States

text: Before the draw, it was arranged that the last three teams in Pot B would be drawn into four groups which did not already contain two European teams and one would be left without a second European team. This was ultimately Group C. No group could contain more than two European teams, no unseeded South American team could be drawn with Brazil or Argentina and no unseeded Asian team could be drawn with South Korea or Japan.

text: France, as holders were automatically placed in Group A, South Korea were placed in Group D and Japan were placed in Group H. One of the two South American seeds (Brazil and Argentina) had to play in a group played in South Korea and the other had to play in a group played in Japan. In Pot C, China had to play in South Korea (either group A, B or C) which meant that the other Asian team in Pot C (Saudi Arabia) had to play in Japan (either group E, F or G). In Pot D, two or three African teams, and one or two CONCACAF teams had to play in either South Korea or Japan.

text: On 1 December 2001, the draw was held and the group assignments and order of fixtures were determined. Group F was considered the group of death, as it brought together Argentina, England, Nigeria and Sweden.

text: Results[edit]

text: Group stage[edit]

text: All times are Korea Standard Time and Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)

text: Champion   Runner-up     Third place   Fourth place     Quarter-finals   Round of 16     Group stage

text: Groups A, B, C, D based in South Korea. Groups E, F, G, H based in Japan.

text: In the following tables:

text:
Pld = total games played
W = total games won
D = total games drawn (tied)
L = total games lost
GF = total goals scored (goals for)
GA = total goals conceded (goals against)
GD = goal difference (GF−GA)
Pts = total points accumulated

text: The teams in the group play were ranked upon

text:
Points
Greatest total goal difference in the three group matches
Greatest number of goals scored in the three group matches
Most points earned in matches against other teams in the tie
Greatest goal difference in matches against other teams in the tie
Greatest number of goals scored in matches against other teams in the tie
Drawing of lots

text: In the original version of the rules for the final tournament, the ranking criteria were in a different order, with head-to-head results taking precedence over total goal difference. The rules were changed to the above in advance of the tournament, but older versions were still available on the FIFA and UEFA websites, causing some confusion among those trying to identify the correct criteria.[34]

text: Group A[edit]

text: Group A involved the defending champions France, Senegal, Uruguay, and Denmark. The World Cup started with a 1–0 defeat of France, playing without the injured Zinedine Zidane, by tournament newcomers Senegal in the tournament's opening match held in Seoul, South Korea.[35] On the next day, two goals by Jon Dahl Tomasson gave the Danes a 2–1 victory over Uruguay in Ulsan.

text: In the second set of Group A matches, France were held to a 0–0 draw in Busan by Uruguay after star striker Thierry Henry was sent off, while in Daegu, Denmark and Senegal drew 1–1.[36]

text: A 2–0 defeat by Denmark in their last group game in Incheon sealed France's elimination from the World Cup.[37]

text: France went out of the Cup without even managing to score a goal and earned the unwanted record of the worst World Cup performance by World Cup holders (in 1934 Uruguay refused to defend the title).[38]

text: Senegal drew with Uruguay to clinch their place in the second round, despite Uruguay coming back from 3–0 down to draw 3–3, in their last group game in Suwon. The South Americans couldn't find the fourth goal that would have kept them in the Cup and thus were out of the tournament.[39] At the end, Denmark won Group A with 7 points, followed by Senegal with 5 points. Uruguay were eliminated with 2 points and holders France with 1 point.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Denmark

3

2

1

0

5

2

+3

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Senegal

3

1

2

0

5

4

+1

5

3

 Uruguay

3

0

2

1

4

5

−1

2

4

 France

3

0

1

2

0

3

−3

1

text:
31 May 2002

France
0–1
 Senegal
Seoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul

1 June 2002

Uruguay
1–2
 Denmark
Munsu Cup Stadium, Ulsan

6 June 2002

Denmark
1–1
 Senegal
Daegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu

France
0–0
 Uruguay
Asiad Main Stadium, Busan

11 June 2002

Denmark
2–0
 France
Incheon Munhak Stadium, Incheon

Senegal
3–3
 Uruguay
Suwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon

text: Group B[edit]

text: Spain in Group B became one of only two teams to pick up maximum points, seeing off both Slovenia and Paraguay (In Gwangju and Jeonju respectively) 3–1 before defeating South Africa 3–2 in Daejeon.[40]

text: Paraguay advanced over a late goal, winning 3–1 over newcomer Slovenia in Seogwipo to tie with South Africa on goal difference (they were already tied with four points, having drawn 2–2 in their opening game against each other in Busan). As a result, Paraguay advanced  to the second round on the goals scored tiebreaker, scoring six goals compared to South Africa's five.[41]

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Spain

3

3

0

0

9

4

+5

9

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Paraguay

3

1

1

1

6

6

0

4

3

 South Africa

3

1

1

1

5

5

0

4

4

 Slovenia

3

0

0

3

2

7

−5

0

text:
2 June 2002

Paraguay
2–2
 South Africa
Asiad Main Stadium, Busan

Spain
3–1
 Slovenia
Gwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju

7 June 2002

Spain
3–1
 Paraguay
Jeonju World Cup Stadium, Jeonju

8 June 2002

South Africa
1–0
 Slovenia
Daegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu

12 June 2002

South Africa
2–3
 Spain
Daejeon World Cup Stadium, Daejeon

Slovenia
1–3
 Paraguay
Jeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo

text: Group C[edit]

text:
Group C saw Brazil become the other team to win all three of their Group matches, defeating Turkey 2–1 in Ulsan, China 4–0 in Seogwipo, and Costa Rica 5–2 in Suwon.[42][43]
Turkey also advanced to the next round, defeating Costa Rica on goal difference after both teams drew with 4 points each (both tied 1–1 in Incheon against each other).[44]
China, coached by Bora Milutinović (the fifth national team he coached in five consecutive World Cups), failed to get a point or even score a goal.[45]

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Brazil

3

3

0

0

11

3

+8

9

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Turkey

3

1

1

1

5

3

+2

4

3

 Costa Rica

3

1

1

1

5

6

−1

4

4

 China PR

3

0

0

3

0

9

−9

0

text:
3 June 2002

Brazil
2–1
 Turkey
Munsu Cup Stadium, Ulsan

4 June 2002

China PR
0–2
 Costa Rica
Gwangju World Cup Stadium, Gwangju

8 June 2002

Brazil
4–0
 China PR
Jeju World Cup Stadium, Seogwipo

9 June 2002

Costa Rica
1–1
 Turkey
Incheon Munhak Stadium, Incheon

13 June 2002

Costa Rica
2–5
 Brazil
Suwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon

Turkey
3–0
 China PR
Seoul World Cup Stadium, Seoul

text: Group D[edit]

text: Group D saw co-host South Korea, Poland,  United States and Portugal square off against each other. South Korea and Poland started group play in Busan, where South Korea earned their first ever World Cup victory, defeating Poland 2–0. United States shocked group favorites Portugal the next day, defeating them 3–2 in Suwon. South Korea and United States then faced off in Daegu, where excellent goalkeeping by Brad Friedel and Lee Woon-jae resulted in a 1–1 draw, while a hat-trick by Pauleta gave the Portuguese a comfortable 4–0 win against Poland in Jeonju. In the final group games held in Incheon (Portugal-South Korea) and Daejeon (Poland-United States), South Korea eliminated Portugal thanks to a 70th-minute goal by Park Ji-sung, finishing the game 1–0, while Poland defeated United States 3–1. As a result, South Korea won their first ever group stage and advanced for the first time with seven points, while United States followed with four points. Portugal and Poland were eliminated with three points each in third and fourth places respectively.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 South Korea (H)

3

2

1

0

4

1

+3

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 United States

3

1

1

1

5

6

−1

4

3

 Portugal

3

1

0

2

6

4

+2

3

4

 Poland

3

1

0

2

3

7

−4

3

text:
4 June 2002

South Korea
2–0
 Poland
Asiad Main Stadium, Busan

5 June 2002

United States
3–2
 Portugal
Suwon World Cup Stadium, Suwon

10 June 2002

South Korea
1–1
 United States
Daegu World Cup Stadium, Daegu

Portugal
4–0
 Poland
Jeonju World Cup Stadium, Jeonju

14 June 2002

Portugal
0–1
 South Korea
Incheon Munhak Stadium, Incheon

Poland
3–1
 United States
Daejeon World Cup Stadium, Daejeon

text: Group E[edit]

text: Group E had Germany play against Saudi Arabia, Ireland, and Cameroon. Ireland and Cameroon started group play in Niigata in a 1–1 draw, while Germany thrashed Saudi Arabia 8–0 in Sapporo. In Ibaraki, Germany held a 1–0 lead over the Republic of Ireland thanks to a 19th-minute goal by Miroslav Klose, only to draw 1–1 due to a sensational 92nd minute equaliser by Robbie Keane. Saudi Arabia bowed out of the tournament with a 1–0 defeat against Cameroon in Saitama, thanks to a second-half goal by Samuel Eto'o. In the final matches of Group E, Germany sent Cameroon out of the tournament, winning 0–2 in Shizuoka with goals by Marco Bode and Miroslav Klose, while Ireland defeated Saudi Arabia 3–0 in Yokohama with goals by Robbie Keane, Gary Breen, and Damien Duff. Germany advanced with seven points, and Ireland followed along with five points, while Cameroon was eliminated with four points. Saudi Arabia was eliminated without a single point or goal, having conceded 12 goals, finishing dead last in the tournament.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Germany

3

2

1

0

11

1

+10

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Republic of Ireland

3

1

2

0

5

2

+3

5

3

 Cameroon

3

1

1

1

2

3

−1

4

4

 Saudi Arabia

3

0

0

3

0

12

−12

0

text:
1 June 2002

Republic of Ireland
1–1
 Cameroon
Niigata Stadium, Niigata

Germany
8–0
 Saudi Arabia
Sapporo Dome, Sapporo

5 June 2002

Germany
1–1
 Republic of Ireland
Kashima Soccer Stadium, Ibaraki

6 June 2002

Cameroon
1–0
 Saudi Arabia
Saitama Stadium 2002, Saitama

11 June 2002

Cameroon
0–2
 Germany
Shizuoka Stadium, Shizuoka

Saudi Arabia
0–3
 Republic of Ireland
International Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama

text: Group F[edit]

text: Group F was nicknamed the "Group of death", having Argentina, Nigeria, England, and Sweden. Argentina won their opening game in Ibaraki 1–0 against Nigeria thanks to a second-half goal by Gabriel Batistuta, while in Saitama England and Sweden drew 1–1 thanks to goals by Sol Campbell and Niclas Alexandersson. Sweden and Nigeria faced off in Kobe, where two goals by Henrik Larsson eliminated Nigeria 2–1. Meanwhile, in Sapporo, England won 1–0 over Argentina, thanks to a David Beckham penalty kick. In the final matches of Group F, England and Nigeria drew 0–0 in Osaka, while Sweden and Argentina drew 1–1 in Miyagi. Sweden and England advanced from Group F, first and second respectively with five points each, at the expense of Argentina's four points, while Nigeria finished last with one point.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Sweden

3

1

2

0

4

3

+1

5

Advance to knockout stage

2

 England

3

1

2

0

2

1

+1

5

3

 Argentina

3

1

1

1

2

2

0

4

4

 Nigeria

3

0

1

2

1

3

−2

1

text:
2 June 2002

Argentina
1–0
 Nigeria
Kashima Soccer Stadium, Ibaraki

England
1–1
 Sweden
Saitama Stadium 2002, Saitama

7 June 2002

Sweden
2–1
 Nigeria
Kobe Wing Stadium, Kobe

Argentina
0–1
 England
Sapporo Dome, Sapporo

12 June 2002

Sweden
1–1
 Argentina
Miyagi Stadium, Miyagi

Nigeria
0–0
 England
Nagai Stadium, Osaka

text: Group G[edit]

text: Group G saw Italy, Ecuador, Croatia, and Mexico play against each other. Niigata saw the start of the group games, with Mexico winning 1–0 over Croatia, thanks to a penalty converted by Cuauhtémoc Blanco. Later that night in Sapporo, Italy defeated newcomers Ecuador 2–0 with ease, having both goals scored by Christian Vieri. Italy and Croatia faced off a few days later in Ibaraki, where Croatia pulled a 2–1 upset victory over Italy. The next day in Miyagi saw Mexico earn a vital victory over Ecuador 2–1. In the final matches of Group G, Mexico and Italy drew 1–1 in Ōita, while Ecuador achieved their first ever World Cup victory 1–0 over Croatia in Yokohama. Mexico won Group G with seven points, while Italy survived with four points. Croatia and Ecuador were eliminated with three points in third and fourth places respectively, with the former failing to repeat its surprise performance from 1998 despite their victory against Italy.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Mexico

3

2

1

0

4

2

+2

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Italy

3

1

1

1

4

3

+1

4

3

 Croatia

3

1

0

2

2

3

−1

3

4

 Ecuador

3

1

0

2

2

4

−2

3

text:
3 June 2002

Croatia
0–1
 Mexico
Niigata Stadium, Niigata

Italy
2–0
 Ecuador
Sapporo Dome, Sapporo

8 June 2002

Italy
1–2
 Croatia
Kashima Soccer Stadium, Ibaraki

9 June 2002

Mexico
2–1
 Ecuador
Miyagi Stadium, Miyagi

13 June 2002

Mexico
1–1
 Italy
Ōita Stadium, Ōita

Ecuador
1–0
 Croatia
International Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama

text: Group H[edit]

text: Group H involved co-hosts Japan square off against Belgium, Russia, and Tunisia. Japan earned their first World Cup points in a spectacular 2–2 draw against Belgium in Saitama, while Russia defeated Tunisia in Kobe, 2–0. Japan would get their first ever World Cup victory a few days later in Yokohama, defeating Russia 1–0, thanks to a second-half goal by Junichi Inamoto, while Belgium and Tunisia drew 1–1 in Ōita. In the final matches of Group H, Japan defeated Tunisia with ease, winning 0–2 in Osaka, while Belgium survived against Russia in Shizuoka, winning 3–2. Japan won Group H with seven points, while Belgium advanced with five points. Russia was eliminated with three points, and Tunisia was eliminated with one point.

text:
Pos

Team[ vte ]

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Japan (H)

3

2

1

0

5

2

+3

7

Advance to knockout stage

2

 Belgium

3

1

2

0

6

5

+1

5

3

 Russia

3

1

0

2

4

4

0

3

4

 Tunisia

3

0

1

2

1

5

−4

1

text:
4 June 2002

Japan
2–2
 Belgium
Saitama Stadium 2002, Saitama

5 June 2002

Russia
2–0
 Tunisia
Kobe Wing Stadium, Kobe

9 June 2002

Japan
1–0
 Russia
International Stadium Yokohama, Yokohama

10 June 2002

Tunisia
1–1
 Belgium
Ōita Stadium, Ōita

14 June 2002

Tunisia
0–2
 Japan
Nagai Stadium, Osaka

Belgium
3–2
 Russia
Shizuoka Stadium, Shizuoka

text: Knockout stage[edit]

text: For the second round, quarter-finals, and semi-finals, the qualifiers from Groups A, C, F, and H played their games in Japan while the qualifiers from Groups B, D, E, and G played their games in South Korea. Daegu, South Korea, hosted the third-place match while Yokohama, Japan, hosted the final.

text: Round of 16 and quarter-finals[edit]

text: In the second round, Germany beat Paraguay 1–0 with a late goal by Oliver Neuville in Seogwipo. England defeated Denmark in Niigata 3–0, with all goals occurring in the first half of the game. Sweden and Senegal faced off in Ōita and finished 1–1 in regular time and it took a golden goal from Henri Camara in extra time to settle the game for Senegal 1–2. Spain and Ireland played in Suwon, where Spain led most of the match 1–0 until a late penalty kick scored by Robbie Keane made the match go 1–1 sending it to extra time, where Spain outlasted Ireland 3–2 in a Penalty shootout. The United States beat CONCACAF rivals Mexico 2–0 in Jeonju, thanks to the goals of Brian McBride and Landon Donovan. Brazil defeated Belgium 2–0 in Kobe, with an amazing volley by Rivaldo and a splendid counter-attack goal by Ronaldo. Turkey ended co-hosts Japan's run with a 1–0 win in Miyagi, thanks to a Ümit Davala goal in the 12th minute. The other co-hosts, South Korea, defeated Italy 2–1 in extra time in Daejeon with a goal by Ahn Jung-hwan in the 117th minute, after a match filled with many controversial referring decisions.[46] South Korea's win ensured that, for the very first time in the Cup's history, teams from each of Europe, North America, South America, Africa, and Asia reached the quarter-finals of the same tournament.

text: In the quarter-finals, England and Brazil squared off in Shizuoka, where Ronaldinho scored a free-kick goal over England's David Seaman early in the second half as Brazil won 2–1. The United States lost to Germany 1–0 in Ulsan by a Michael Ballack goal in the 39th minute, but controversy surrounded the game when United States demanded the referee give a penalty for a goal-line handball by Torsten Frings in the 49th minute, but the referee did not award the penalty. South Korea got another win in Gwangju in a controversial manner, beating Spain 5–3 on penalties after a 0–0 draw in which the Spaniards twice thought they had scored while onside; however, the efforts were disallowed by the referee with controversial decisions.[47][48] The hosts became the first team in the Asian Football Confederation to reach the semi-finals of the World Cup, eclipsing the record of their North Korean counterparts who reached the quarter-finals in 1966. They also became the first World Cup semi-final team not from UEFA or CONMEBOL since the United States did it in 1930. Turkey defeated Senegal 1–0 in Osaka, with a golden goal scored by İlhan Mansız in the 93rd minute.

text: Semi-finals, third-place match, and final[edit]

text: The semi-finals saw two 1–0 games; The first semi-final, held in Seoul saw a Michael Ballack goal good enough for Germany to defeat South Korea. However, Ballack received a yellow card during the match, which forced him to miss the final based on accumulated yellow cards.[49] The next day in Saitama saw Ronaldo score a goal early in the second half, scoring his sixth of the competition for Brazil, who beat Turkey in a replay of their Group C encounter.[50][51]

text: In the third-place match in Daegu, Turkey beat the South Koreans 3–2, their first goal coming from Hakan Şükür straight from the opening kick-off (even though South Korea kicked off) in 10.8 seconds, the fastest ever goal in World Cup history.

text: In the final match held in Yokohama, Japan, two goals from Ronaldo secured the World Cup for Brazil as they claimed victory over Germany. Ronaldo scored twice in the second half and, after the game, won the Golden Shoe award for the tournament's leading scorer with eight goals. This was the fifth time Brazil had won the World Cup, cementing their status as the most successful national team in the history of the competition. Brazil became the only team since Argentina in 1986 to win the trophy without needing to win a penalty shootout at some stage during the knockout phase, and the total number of penalty shootouts (2) was the lowest since the four-round knockout format was introduced in 1986. Brazil also became the first team to win every match at a World Cup Finals since 1970, and set a new record for highest aggregate goal difference (+14) for a World Cup winner. Brazil's captain Cafu, who became the first player to appear in three successive World Cup finals, accepted the trophy on behalf of the team.

text:
Round of 16

Quarter-finals

Semi-finals

Final

15 June –  Seogwipo

  Germany

 1

21 June –  Ulsan

  Paraguay

 0

  Germany

 1

17 June –  Jeonju

  United States

 0

  Mexico

 0

25 June –  Seoul

  United States

 2

  Germany

 1

16 June –  Suwon

  South Korea

 0

  Spain (pen.)

 1 (3)

22 June –  Gwangju

  Republic of Ireland

 1 (2)

  Spain

 0 (3)

18 June –  Daejeon

  South Korea (pen.)

 0 (5)

  South Korea (asdet)

 2

30 June –  Yokohama

  Italy

 1

  Germany

 0

15 June –  Niigata

  Brazil

 2

  Denmark

 0

21 June –  Shizuoka

  England

 3

  England

 1

17 June –  Kobe

  Brazil

 2

  Brazil

 2

26 June –  Saitama

  Belgium

 0

  Brazil

 1

16 June –  Ōita

  Turkey

 0

Third place

  Sweden

 1

22 June –  Osaka

29 June –  Daegu

  Senegal (asdet)

 2

  Senegal

 0

  South Korea

 2

18 June –  Miyagi

  Turkey (asdet)

 1

  Turkey

 3

  Japan

 0

  Turkey

 1

text: Round of 16[edit]

text:
Germany

1–0

 Paraguay

Neuville  88'

Report

text:
Denmark

0–3

 England

Report

Ferdinand  5'Owen  22'Heskey  44'

text:
Sweden

1–2 (a.e.t.)

 Senegal

Larsson  11'

Report

H. Camara  37',  104'

text:
Spain

1–1 (a.e.t.)

 Republic of Ireland

Morientes  8'

Report

Keane  90' (pen.)

Penalties

Hierro Baraja Juanfran Valerón Mendieta

3–2

 Keane Holland Connolly Kilbane Finnan

text:
Mexico

0–2

 United States

Report

McBride  8'Donovan  65'

text:
Brazil

2–0

 Belgium

Rivaldo  67'Ronaldo  87'

Report

text:
Japan

0–1

 Turkey

Report

Ümit D.  12'

text:
South Korea

2–1 (a.e.t.)

 Italy

Seol Ki-hyeon  88'Ahn Jung-hwan  117'

Report

Vieri  18'

text: Quarter-finals[edit]

text:
England

1–2

 Brazil

Owen  23'

Report

Rivaldo  45+2'Ronaldinho  50'

text:
Germany

1–0

 United States

Ballack  39'

Report

text:
Spain

0–0 (a.e.t.)

 South Korea

Report

Penalties

Hierro Baraja Xavi Joaquín

3–5

 Hwang Sun-hong Park Ji-sung Seol Ki-hyeon Ahn Jung-hwan Hong Myung-bo

text:
Senegal

0–1 (a.e.t.)

 Turkey

Report

İlhan  94'

text: Semi-finals[edit]

text:
Germany

1–0

 South Korea

Ballack  75'

Report

text:
Brazil

1–0

 Turkey

Ronaldo  49'

Report

text: Third place play-off[edit]

text:
South Korea

2–3

 Turkey

Lee Eul-yong  9'Song Chong-gug  90+3'

Report

Hakan Ş.  1'İlhan  13', 32'

text: Final[edit]

text:
Germany

0–2

 Brazil

Report

Ronaldo  67', 79'

text: Statistics[edit]

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text: Ronaldo won the Golden Shoe after scoring eight goals. In total, 161 goals were scored by 112 players, with three of them credited as own goals. Two of those own goals were in the same match, marking the first time in FIFA World Cup history that own goals had been scored by both teams in the same match.

text:
showList of goalscorers by number of goals and by country

8 goals
 Ronaldo
5 goals
 Rivaldo
 Miroslav Klose
4 goals
 Jon Dahl Tomasson
 Christian Vieri
3 goals

 Michael Ballack
 Marc Wilmots
 Pauleta
 Robbie Keane
 Papa Bouba Diop
 Fernando Morientes
 Raúl
 Henrik Larsson
 İlhan Mansız

2 goals

 Ronaldinho
 Rónald Gómez
 Michael Owen
 Junichi Inamoto
 Jared Borgetti
 Nelson Cuevas
 Henri Camara
 Ahn Jung-hwan
 Fernando Hierro
 Ümit Davala
 Hasan Şaş
 Landon Donovan
 Brian McBride

1 goal

 Gabriel Batistuta
 Hernán Crespo
 Wesley Sonck
 Peter Van Der Heyden
 Johan Walem
 Edmílson
 Júnior
 Roberto Carlos
 Samuel Eto'o
 Patrick M'Boma
 Winston Parks
 Paulo Wanchope
 Mauricio Wright
 Ivica Olić
 Milan Rapaić
 Dennis Rommedahl
 Agustín Delgado
 Édison Méndez
 David Beckham
 Sol Campbell
 Rio Ferdinand
 Emile Heskey
 Oliver Bierhoff
 Marco Bode
 Carsten Jancker
 Thomas Linke
 Oliver Neuville
 Bernd Schneider
 Alessandro Del Piero
 Hiroaki Morishima
 Hidetoshi Nakata
 Takayuki Suzuki
 Cuauhtémoc Blanco
 Gerardo Torrado
 Julius Aghahowa
 Francisco Arce
 Jorge Campos
 Roque Santa Cruz
 Paweł Kryszałowicz
 Emmanuel Olisadebe
 Marcin Żewłakow
 Beto
 Rui Costa
 Gary Breen
 Damien Duff
 Matt Holland
 Vladimir Beschastnykh
 Valeri Karpin
 Dmitri Sychev
 Yegor Titov
 Salif Diao
 Khalilou Fadiga
 Milenko Ačimovič
 Sebastjan Cimirotič
 Quinton Fortune
 Benni McCarthy
 Teboho Mokoena
 Siyabonga Nomvethe
 Lucas Radebe
 Hwang Sun-hong
 Lee Eul-yong
 Park Ji-sung
 Seol Ki-hyeon
 Song Chong-gug
 Yoo Sang-chul
 Gaizka Mendieta
 Juan Carlos Valerón
 Niclas Alexandersson
 Anders Svensson
 Raouf Bouzaiene
 Emre Belözoğlu
 Bülent Korkmaz
 Hakan Şükür
 Clint Mathis
 John O'Brien
 Diego Forlán
 Richard Morales
 Álvaro Recoba
 Darío Rodríguez

Own goals
 Jorge Costa (against the United States)
 Carles Puyol (against Paraguay)
 Jeff Agoos (against Portugal)
Source: FIFA[52]

text: Awards[edit]

text:
Golden Boot[53]

Golden Ball[53]

Yashin Award[53]

Best Young Player[53]

FIFA Fair Play Trophy[53]

Most Entertaining Team[53]

 Ronaldo

 Oliver Kahn1

 Oliver Kahn

 Landon Donovan

 Belgium

 South Korea

text: 1Oliver Kahn is the only goalkeeper to have won the Golden Ball in FIFA World Cup history.[54]

text: All-star team[edit]

text:
Goalkeepers

Defenders

Midfielders

Forwards

 Oliver Kahn
 Rüştü Reçber

 Sol Campbell
 Fernando Hierro
 Hong Myung-bo
 Alpay Özalan
 Roberto Carlos

 Michael Ballack
 Claudio Reyna
 Rivaldo
 Ronaldinho
 Yoo Sang-chul

 El Hadji Diouf
 Miroslav Klose
 Ronaldo
 Hasan Şaş

Source: USA Today, 29 June 2002

text: Final standings[edit]

text: After the tournament, FIFA published a ranking of all teams that competed in the 2002 World Cup finals based on progress in the competition, overall results and quality of the opposition.[55]

text:
R

Team

G

P

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts.

1
 Brazil
C
7
7
0
0
18
4
+14
21

2
 Germany
E
7
5
1
1
14
3
+11
16

3
 Turkey
C
7
4
1
2
10
6
+4
13

4
 South Korea
D
7
3
2
2
8
6
+2
11

Eliminated in the quarter-finals

5
 Spain
B
5
3
2
0
10
5
+5
11

6
 England
F
5
2
2
1
6
3
+3
8

7
 Senegal
A
5
2
2
1
7
6
+1
8

8
 United States
D
5
2
1
2
7
7
0
7

Eliminated in the round of 16

9
 Japan
H
4
2
1
1
5
3
+2
7

10
 Denmark
A
4
2
1
1
5
5
0
7

11
 Mexico
G
4
2
1
1
4
4
0
7

12
 Republic of Ireland
E
4
1
3
0
6
3
+3
6

13
 Sweden
F
4
1
2
1
5
5
0
5

14
 Belgium
H
4
1
2
1
6
7
−1
5

15
 Italy
G
4
1
1
2
5
5
0
4

16
 Paraguay
B
4
1
1
2
6
7
−1
4

Eliminated in the group stage

17
 South Africa
B
3
1
1
1
5
5
0
4

18
 Argentina
F
3
1
1
1
2
2
0
4

19
 Costa Rica
C
3
1
1
1
5
6
−1
4

20
 Cameroon
E
3
1
1
1
2
3
−1
4

21
 Portugal
D
3
1
0
2
6
4
+2
3

22
 Russia
H
3
1
0
2
4
4
0
3

23
 Croatia
G
3
1
0
2
2
3
−1
3

24
 Ecuador
G
3
1
0
2
2
4
−2
3

25
 Poland
D
3
1
0
2
3
7
−4
3

26
 Uruguay
A
3
0
2
1
4
5
−1
2

27
 Nigeria
F
3
0
1
2
1
3
−2
1

28
 France
A
3
0
1
2
0
3
−3
1

29
 Tunisia
H
3
0
1
2
1
5
−4
1

30
 Slovenia
B
3
0
0
3
2
7
−5
0

31
 China PR
C
3
0
0
3
0
9
−9
0

32
 Saudi Arabia
E
3
0
0
3
0
12
−12
0

text: Sponsorship[edit]

text: The sponsors of the 2002 FIFA World Cup are divided into two categories: FIFA World Cup Sponsors and Japan and South Korea Supporters.[56][57]

text:
showList of sponsors for the tournament

FIFA World Cup sponsors
Japan sponsors
South Korea sponsors

Adidas[58]
Avaya[59][60]
Budweiser[61]
Coca-Cola[62]
Fuji Xerox[63]
Fujifilm[64]
Gillette
Hyundai[65]
JVC
MasterCard
McDonald's[66][67]
Philips[68]
Toshiba[69][70]
Yahoo![71][72]

Asahi Shimbun
Nippon Life Insurance
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
Nissin Foods
Nomura Securities
NTT DoCoMo
Tokyo Electric Power Company
Tokio Marine and Fire Insurance

Hyundai Marine and Fire Insurance
KCC Corporation
Kookmin Bank
Korea Telecom[73]
Korean Air
KTF
Lotte Hotel

text: Ticket sales problem[edit]

text: The original domestic ticket allocation had fully sold out and the organising committee completed sales of tickets returned from the international allocation by the end of April. However, it was obvious at the opening matches that there were a significant number of empty seats.[74] It was gradually revealed that the World Cup Ticketing Bureau (WCTB) still had unsold tickets in its possession. After FIFA agreed to sell this inventory, JAWOC undertook sales over telephone and WCTB handled the internet sales.[75] For the second round Japan vs. Turkey match in Miyagi in particular, although it was reported by both parties that all tickets had been sold, some 700 seats remained empty.

text: Controversies[edit]

text: The tournament was criticized for many poor and questionable refereeing decisions. South Korea in particular faced scrutiny and allegations of corruption due to the favorable decisions they received in their controversial victories over Italy in the Round of 16 and over Spain in the Quarterfinals.[76][46][48]

text: Cultural event[edit]

text: The official FIFA cultural event of the 2002 World Cup was a flag festival called Poetry of the Winds.[77] Held in Nanjicheon Park, an area of the World Cup Park close to the stadium,[78][79] Poetry of the Winds was exhibited from 29 May to 25 June in order to wish success upon the World Cup and promote a festive atmosphere. During the flag art festival, hand-painted flags from global artists were displayed as a greeting to international guests in a manner that was designed to promote harmony (2002 Flag Art Festival Executive Committee).[77]


document_title: The Purge (TV series)

question_text: who plays david on the purge tv show

question_tokens: who plays david on the purge tv show

text: The Purge (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Revolving around a 12-hour period when all crime, including vandalism, murder, arson and theft, is legal, set in an alternate United States ruled by a totalitarian government, the series follows several seemingly unrelated characters living in a small city. As the clock winds down, each character is forced to reckon with their past as they discover how far they will go to survive the night.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Gabriel Chavarria as Miguel Guerrero, a US Marine who returns home on Purge Night after receiving a cryptic message from his sister, Penelope.[1]
Hannah Anderson as Jenna Betancourt, an anti-Purge proponent and devoted to charitable causes who is accustomed to locking down on Purge Night. Her choice to venture out for the first time leads to an encounter with violence that forces her to deal with deep truths about herself and her marriage.[2]
Jessica Garza as Penelope Guerrero, a member of a cult who pledges to be sacrificed but finds her faith tested when exposed to the realities. She is Miguel's sister.[1]
Lili Simmons as  Lila Stanton, a young, rich, and rebellious woman who refuses to fit in with the pro-Purge socialite crowd. Her confidence and charm mask a vulnerability that will be exposed as she attempts to deal with unfinished business before the sun rises.[2]
Amanda Warren as Jane Barbour, a dedicated and hardworking finance professional who is convinced that she has hit an insurmountable glass ceiling at her firm, so she hires a Purge-assassin.[3]
Colin Woodell as Rick Betancourt. After a lifetime of bootstrapping, he is finally climbing the social ladder, but currying favor with the pro-Purge elite presents unexpected challenges to his marriage, as he and his wife must agree on what moral price they'll pay to achieve the American dream.[3]
Lee Tergesen as Joe, an armored, masked, and seemingly ordinary man who drives through town, intervening in acts of Purge violence while listening to the taped lectures of a motivational life coach.[2]

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
William Baldwin as David Ryker, the Managing Partner at Jane's investment firm, and her boss. Confident and powerful, David leads his team with alacrity and intelligence. He appears to be a big Jane supporter but in fact may be standing in the way of her career advancement. David also harbors a Purge Night secret.[4]
Reed Diamond as Albert Stanton, one of the New Founding Fathers of America.[5]
Fiona Dourif as Good Leader Tavis, a cultist who leads her followers into danger on Purge Night.[6]
Jessica Miesel as Alison, one of Jane's co-workers.
Paulina Gálvez as Catalina, Stanton family's maid. She becomes an ally for Jenna.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal air dateU.S. viewers(millions)1"What Is America?"Anthony HemingwayJames DeMonacoSeptember 4, 2018 (2018-09-04)1.39[7]
2"Take What's Yours"Anthony HemingwayThomas KellySeptember 11, 2018 (2018-09-11)1.27[8]
3"The Urge to Purge"David Von AnckenMick BetancourtSeptember 18, 2018 (2018-09-18)1.13[9]
4"Release the Beast"Clark JohnsonKrystal Houghton ZivSeptember 25, 2018 (2018-09-25)1.13[10]
5"Rise Up"Julius RamsayJamie ChanOctober 2, 2018 (2018-10-02)0.93[11]
6"The Forgotten"Nina Lopez-CorradoJeremy RobbinsOctober 9, 2018 (2018-10-09)1.01[12]
7"Lovely Dark and Deep"Tara Nicole WeyrStory by : James DeMonaco Teleplay by : Mick Betancourt & Krystal Houghton ZivOctober 16, 2018 (2018-10-16)1.03[13]
8"Giving Time Is Here"Michael NankinThomas KellyOctober 23, 2018 (2018-10-23)0.93[14]
9"They Will Participate"[15]TBATBAOctober 30, 2018 (2018-10-30)TBD
10"A Nation Reborn"[15]TBATBANovember 6, 2018 (2018-11-06)TBD

text: Production[edit]

text: A television series about the formation of the Purge was hinted at by DeMonaco. The series would possibly deal with how the New Founding Fathers were voted to office after overthrowing the U.S. Government during an economic collapse and social unrest and how they ratified the 28th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution as well as devising the Purge. In May 2017, it was reported that USA Network will premiere the series in 2018.[16][17]

text: On February 26, 2018, it was announced that Gabriel Chavarria and Jessica Garza were cast as the leads in the upcoming series. Chavarria will portray Miguel, a US Marine who returns home on Purge Night after receiving a cryptic message from his sister, Penelope portrayed by Garza belonging to a Purge worshipping cult and has pledged to become a sacrifice at the will of their charismatic leader forcing Miguel to face the senseless violence on the streets alone in order to protect those he loves most, his family.[1]

text: Filming for the first season began May 2018.[18] The series premiered on September 4, 2018.[19]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 47% based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 5.62/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Bloated and boring, The Purge kills its own fleetingly fun premise and proves that not all stories work better on the small screen."[20] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 46 out of 100 based on 12 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[21]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.

Title

Air date
Rating(18–49)
Viewers(millions)
DVR(18–49)
DVR viewers(millions)
Total(18–49)
Total viewers(millions)

1

"What Is America?"

September 4, 2018
0.6
1.39[7]
0.4
1.13
1.0
2.52[22]

2

"Take What's Yours"

September 11, 2018
0.5
1.27[8]
0.6
1.44
1.1
2.71[23]

3

"The Urge to Purge"

September 18, 2018
0.4
1.13[9]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

4

"Release the Beast"

September 25, 2018
0.4
1.13[10]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

5

"Rise Up"

October 2, 2018
0.4
0.93[11]
0.5
1.19
0.9
2.12[24]

6

"The Forgotten"

October 9, 2018
0.4
1.01[12]
0.4
1.01
0.8
2.02[25]

7

"Lovely Dark and Deep"

October 16, 2018
0.4
1.03[13]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD

8

"Giving Time Is Here"

October 23, 2018
0.3
0.93[14]
TBD
TBD
TBD
TBD


document_title: Justice League (film)

question_text: who is playing batman in the justice league movie

text: Justice League (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Thousands of years ago, Steppenwolf and his army of Parademons attempted to takeover Earth with the combined energies of three Mother Boxes. They are foiled by a unified army that included the Olympian Gods, Amazons, Atlanteans, mankind, and the Green Lantern Corps. After repelling Steppenwolf's army, the Mother Boxes are separated and hidden in locations around the planet. In the present, the world is in mourning over Superman, whose death triggers the Mother Boxes to reactivate and Steppenwolf's return to Earth in an effort to regain favor with his master, Darkseid. Steppenwolf aims to gather the artifacts to form "The Unity", which will destroy Earth's ecology and terraform it in the image of Steppenwolf's homeworld.

text: Steppenwolf manages to retrieve the Mother Box from Themyscira, prompting Queen Hippolyta to warn her daughter Diana of Steppenwolf's return by lighting the invasion fire. Diana joins Bruce Wayne in his attempt to unite other metahumans to their cause, with Wayne going after Arthur Curry and Barry Allen, while Diana tries to locate Victor Stone. Wayne fails to persuade Curry, but manages to recruit an enthusiastic Allen onto the team. Although Diana fails to convince Stone to join, he agrees to help them locate the threat if he discovers their location. Stone later joins the team after his father Silas, along with several other S.T.A.R. Labs employees, are kidnapped by Steppenwolf seeking to acquire the Mother Box from mankind.

text: Steppenwolf attacks Atlantis to retrieve the next Mother Box, forcing Curry into action. The team receives intel from Commissioner James Gordon leading them to Steppenwolf's army, based in an abandoned facility under Gotham Harbor. Although the group manages to rescue the kidnapped employees, the facility is flooded during combat, which traps the team until Curry helps delay the flood so they can escape. Stone retrieves the last Mother Box, which he had hidden, for the group to analyze. Stone reveals that his father used the Mother Box to rebuild Stone's body after an accident almost cost him his life. Wayne decides to use the Mother Box to resurrect Superman, not only to help them fight off Steppenwolf's army, but also to restore hope to mankind. Diana and Curry are hesitant about the idea, but Wayne forms a secret contingency plan in case Superman returns as a nemesis.

text: Clark Kent's body is exhumed and placed in the incubation waters of the Kryptonian ship alongside the Mother Box, which in turn activates and successfully resurrects Superman. However, Superman's memories have not returned, and he attacks the group after Stone accidentally launches a projectile at him. On the verge of being killed by Superman, Batman enacts his contingency plan: Lois Lane. Superman calms down and leaves with Lane to his family home in Smallville, where he reflects and tries to recover his memories. With the final Mother Box unguarded, Steppenwolf retrieves it with ease. Without Superman to aid them, the five heroes travel to a village in Russia where Steppenwolf aims to unite the Mother boxes once again and remake Earth. The team fights their way through the Parademons to reach Steppenwolf, although they are unable to distract him enough for Stone to separate the Mother boxes. Superman arrives and assists Allen in evacuating the city, as well as Stone in separating the Mother Boxes. The team defeats Steppenwolf, who, overcome with fear, is attacked by his own Parademons before they all teleport away.

text: In the aftermath of the battle, Bruce and Diana agree to setup a base of operations for the team, with room for more members. Diana steps back into the public spotlight as a hero; Barry acquires a job in Central City's police department, impressing his father; Victor continues to explore and enhance his abilities with his father in S.T.A.R. Labs; Arthur returns to Atlantis; and Superman resumes his life as reporter Clark Kent. In a post-credits scene, Lex Luthor escapes from Arkham Asylum and recruits Slade Wilson to form their own league.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Affleck as Bruce Wayne / Batman:
A wealthy socialite, and the owner of Wayne Enterprises. He dedicates himself to protecting Gotham City from its criminal underworld as a highly trained, masked vigilante equipped with various tools and weapons.
Henry Cavill as Clark Kent / Superman:
A member of, and inspiration for, the Justice League, a Kryptonian survivor, and a journalist for the Daily Planet based in Metropolis.
Amy Adams as Lois Lane:
An undaunted and compassionate award-winning journalist for the Daily Planet and the love interest for Kent.[7]
Gal Gadot as Diana Prince / Wonder Woman:
An antiquities dealer, acquaintance of Wayne, and an immortal Amazonian warrior, who is the crown princess of Themyscira and daughter of Hippolyta and Zeus. She is endowed with metahuman attributes and abilities inherited from her parents.
Ezra Miller as Barry Allen / Flash:
A Central City University student, who can move at superhuman speeds with his ability to tap into the Speed Force.
Jason Momoa as Arthur Curry / Aquaman:
The heir to the throne of the undersea nation of Atlantis.[8] His metahuman aquatic abilities and physical attributes originate from his Atlantean physiology.
Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg:
A former college athlete who, after being cybernetically reconstructed after a nearly fatal car accident, is turned into a techno-organic being enhanced by reactive, adaptive biomimetic alien technology. Fisher portrays the character through the use of motion capture for the cybernetic portion of his body.[9]
Jeremy Irons as Alfred Pennyworth: Wayne's butler, chief of security, and trusted confidant.[10]
Diane Lane as Martha Kent: Kent's adoptive mother.[7]
Connie Nielsen as Hippolyta: Diana's mother and Queen of the Amazons.[7]
J. K. Simmons as James Gordon: The Commissioner of the Gotham City Police Department, and close ally of Batman.[7]
Ciarán Hinds as the voice of Steppenwolf: An alien military officer from Apokolips who leads an army of Parademons and is searching for the three Mother Boxes held on Earth. The character is described as "old, tired" and trying to find a way to escape his role of servitude under Darkseid.[11] Hinds portrayed the villain through use of motion capture and received some advice in the process from Liam Neeson, who had recently done similar work in A Monster Calls.[12]

text: The Olympian Old Gods Zeus, Ares and Artemis are portrayed by fitness model Sergi Constance, stuntman Nick McKinless, and MMA fighter Aurore Lauzeral, respectively.[13][14] All three were required to reach a specific degree of physicality, with Snyder instructing McKinless to sport "veins like worms and paper thin skin". In the finished film, McKinless' face was replaced with David Thewlis's face, and Thewlis received credit as Ares.[13] Robin Wright reprises her role as Antiope during a flashback sequence.[15] Julian Lewis Jones appears as King Atlan, the ancient king of Atlantis, while Amber Heard portrays the Atlantean Mera.[16][7] Joe Morton reprises his role as Silas Stone, Victor Stone's father and a scientist at S.T.A.R. Labs, while Billy Crudup appears as Henry Allen, Barry Allen's father.[15] Joe Manganiello and Jesse Eisenberg appear uncredited in a post-credits scene as Slade Wilson / Deathstroke and Lex Luthor, respectively.[17] Michael McElhatton appears as a bank robber who clashes with Wonder Woman early in the film,[18] while Holt McCallany makes an uncredited appearance as a burglar.[19] Marc McClure, who portrayed Jimmy Olsen in the Christopher Reeve Superman film series, has a cameo as a police officer.[20] Two unidentified Green Lanterns appear at the beginning of the film, created by use of CGI and embodied by uncredited actors.[21] Willem Dafoe and Kiersey Clemons filmed scenes as Nuidis Vulko and Iris West, respectively, although their roles were cut from the final film. Both actors are signed for multiple films and will appear in future installments of the franchise, Aquaman and Flashpoint, respectively.[22][23] Early in production, a scene depicting Green Lanterns Kilowog and Tomar-Re visiting Batman was filmed as another post-credits scene, further teasing Green Lantern Corps. The scene was later scrapped.[24]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: In February 2007, it was announced that Warner Bros. had hired husband and wife duo Michele and Kieran Mulroney to write a script for a Justice League film.[25] The news came around the same time that Joss Whedon's long-developed Wonder Woman film was cancelled,[26] as well as The Flash, written and directed by David S. Goyer.[27] Reportedly titled Justice League: Mortal,[28] Michele and Kiernan Mulroney submitted their script to Warner Bros. in June 2007, receiving positive feedback,[29] which prompted the studio to immediately fast track production in the hope of beginning filming before the 2007–08 Writers Guild of America strike.[30] Warner Bros. was less willing to proceed with development of a sequel to Superman Returns, having been disappointed with its box office. Brandon Routh was not approached to reprise the role of Superman in Justice League: Mortal,[31] nor was Christian Bale from Batman Begins.[32] Warner Bros. intended for Justice League: Mortal to be the start of a new film franchise, and to branch out into separate sequels and spin-offs.[33] Shortly after filming The Dark Knight,[34] Bale stated in an interview that "It'd be better if it doesn't tread on the toes of what our Batman series is doing," and felt it would make more sense for Warner Bros. to release the film after The Dark Knight Rises.[32] Jason Reitman was the original choice to direct Justice League, but he turned it down, as he considers himself an independent filmmaker and prefers to stay out of big budget superhero films.[35] George Miller signed to direct in September 2007,[30] with Barrie Osbourne producing[36] on a projected $220 million budget.[37]

text: The following month, roughly 40 actors and actresses auditioned for the ensemble superhero roles, among them Joseph Cross, Michael Angarano, Max Thieriot, Minka Kelly, Adrianne Palicki and Scott Porter. Miller had intended to cast younger actors, as he wanted them to "grow" into their roles over the course of several films.[34] D. J. Cotrona was cast as Superman,[33] along with Armie Hammer as Batman.[38] Jessica Biel reportedly declined to play Wonder Woman role after negotiations.[39] The character was also linked to actresses Teresa Palmer and Shannyn Sossamon, along with Mary Elizabeth Winstead, who confirmed that she had auditioned.[40] Ultimately, Megan Gale was cast as Wonder Woman,[41] while Palmer was cast as Talia al Ghul, whom Miller had in mind to act with a Russian accent.[42] The script for Justice League: Mortal would have featured John Stewart as Green Lantern, a role originally offered to Columbus Short.[43] Hip hop recording artist and rapper Common was cast,[44] with Adam Brody as Barry Allen / Flash,[45] and Jay Baruchel as the lead villain, Maxwell Lord.[46] Longtime Miller collaborator Hugh Keays-Byrne had been cast in an unnamed role, rumored to be Martian Manhunter. Aquaman had yet to be cast.[34][37] Marit Allen was hired as the original costume designer before her untimely death in November 2007,[47] and the responsibilities were assumed by Weta Workshop.[48]

text: However, the writers strike began that same month and placed the film on hold. Warner Bros. had to let the options lapse for the cast,[49] but development was fast tracked once more in February 2008 when the strike ended. Warner Bros. and Miller wanted to start filming immediately,[50] but production was pushed back three months.[33] Originally, the majority of Justice League: Mortal was to be shot at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney,[37] with other locations scouted nearby at local colleges,[36] and Sydney Heads doubling for Happy Harbor.[28] The Australian Film Commission had a say with casting choices, giving way for George Miller to cast Gale, Palmer and Keays-Bryne, all Australian natives. The production crew was composed entirely of Australians, but the Australian government denied Warner Bros. a 40 percent tax rebate as they felt they had not hired enough Australian actors.[37][51] Miller was frustrated, stating that "A once-in-a-lifetime opportunity for the Australian film industry is being frittered away because of very lazy thinking. They're throwing away hundreds of millions of dollars of investment that the rest of the world is competing for and, much more significantly, highly skilled creative jobs."[52] Production offices were then moved to Vancouver Film Studios in Canada. Filming was pushed back to July 2008, while Warner Bros was still confident they could produce the film for a summer 2009 release.[53][54]

text: With production delays continuing, and the success of The Dark Knight in July 2008,[55] Warner Bros. decided to focus on the development of individual films featuring the main heroes, allowing director Christopher Nolan to separately complete his Batman trilogy with The Dark Knight Rises in 2012. Gregory Noveck, senior vice president of creative affairs for DC Entertainment, stated, "we're going to make a Justice League movie, whether it's now or 10 years from now. But we're not going to do it and Warners is not going to do it until we know it's right."[56] Actor Adam Brody joked "They [Warner Brothers] just didn't want to cross their streams with a whole bunch of Batmans in the universe."[57] Warner Bros. relaunched development for a solo Green Lantern film, released in 2011 as a critical and financial disappointment. Meanwhile, film adaptations for The Flash and Wonder Woman continued to languish in development, while filming for a Superman reboot commenced in 2011 with Man of Steel, produced by Nolan and written by Batman screenwriter David S. Goyer. Shortly after filming on Man of Steel was complete, Warner Bros hired Will Beall to write the script for a new Justice League film.[58] Warner Bros. president Jeff Robinov explained that Man of Steel would be "setting the tone for what the movies are going to be like going forward. In that, it's definitely a first step."[59] The film included references to the existence of other superheroes in the DC Universe,[60] and set the tone for a shared fictional universe of DC Comics characters on film.[61] Goyer stated that should Green Lantern appear in a future installment, it would be a rebooted version of the character, unconnected to the 2011 film.[62]

text: With the release of Man of Steel in June 2013, Goyer was hired to write a sequel, as well as a new Justice League, with the Beall draft being scrapped.[63] The sequel was later revealed to be Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, a team-up film featuring Henry Cavill as Superman, Ben Affleck as Batman, Gal Gadot as Wonder Woman, Ezra Miller as The Flash, Jason Momoa as Aquaman, and Ray Fisher as Victor Stone / Cyborg, the latter three in minor roles that became more significant in the Justice League film. The universe is separate from Nolan and Goyer's work on The Dark Knight trilogy, although Nolan was still involved as an executive producer for Batman v Superman.[64] In April 2014, it was announced that Zack Snyder would also direct Goyer's Justice League script.[65] Warner Bros. was reportedly courting Chris Terrio to rewrite Justice League the following July, after having been impressed with his rewrite of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[66] On October 15, 2014, Warner Bros. announced the film would be released in two parts, with Part One on November 17, 2017, and Part Two on June 14, 2019. Snyder was set to direct both films.[67] In early July 2015, EW revealed that the script for Justice League Part One had been completed by Terrio.[68] Zack Snyder stated that the film would be inspired by the New Gods comic series by Jack Kirby.[69] Although Justice League was initially announced as a two-part film, with the second part set for release two years after the first, Snyder stated in June 2016 that they would be two distinct, separate films and not one film split into two parts, both being stand-alone stories.[70][71]

text: Casting[edit]

text: In April 2014, Ray Fisher was cast as Victor Stone / Cyborg. He first cameod in Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, followed by a larger role in Justice League.[72][73] Henry Cavill, Ben Affleck, Gal Gadot, Diane Lane and Amy Adams also reprised their roles from Batman v Superman.[67][74] In October 2014, Jason Momoa was cast as Arthur Curry / Aquaman and debuted as the character in Dawn of Justice.[75][76] On October 20, 2014, Momoa told ComicBook.com that the Justice League film would be released first, and that is what they were preparing for. He thought the solo Aquaman film may be Aquaman's origin story.[77] On January 13, 2016, The Hollywood Reporter announced that Amber Heard was in negotiations to appear in the film as Aquaman's love interest Mera.[78] In March 2016, producer Charles Roven said that Green Lantern would not appear in any film before Justice League Part Two, and stated that they "could put Green Lantern in some introduction in Justice League 2, or barring that, a movie after."[79] Also in March, The Hollywood Reporter announced that J. K. Simmons had been cast as Commissioner James Gordon,[80] and Heard was confirmed to join the cast as Mera.[81] Adams also confirmed that she would reprise her role as Lois Lane in both Justice League films.[82][83] By April 2016, Willem Dafoe had been cast in an undisclosed role,[84] later revealed to be Nuidis Vulko,[85] while Cavill confirmed that he would return for both Justice League films.[86] In May 2016, Jeremy Irons confirmed he would appear as Alfred Pennyworth.[10] That same month, Jesse Eisenberg stated that he would reprise his role as Lex Luthor, and in June 2016, confirmed his return in an interview with Shortlist magazine.[87][88] In July 2016, Julian Lewis Jones was cast in an undisclosed role, later revealed to be Atlan, the king of Atlantis.[16] Laurence Fishburne, who portrays Perry White in the DCEU, said he declined to reprise his role in the film due to scheduling conflicts.[89] In April 2017, Michael McElhatton revealed that he had a role in Justice League, which was later revealed to be a bank robber who faces off against Wonder Woman.[18]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography commenced on April 11, 2016, with shooting taking place at Warner Bros. Studios, Leavesden, as well as various locations around London and Scotland. Additional filming took place in Chicago, Illinois, Los Angeles, and Djúpavík, in the Westfjords[90] of Iceland.[84][91][92] The old herring factory in Djúpavík was one Iceland filming location (Ben Affleck appeared to be standing near the herring oil tanks in the "Heroes" trailer). Snyder's longtime cinematographer Larry Fong was replaced by Fabian Wagner due to scheduling conflicts.[92] Affleck also served as executive producer.[93] In May 2016, it was revealed that Geoff Johns and Jon Berg would produce the Justice League films, and would also be in charge of the DC Extended Universe, after the largely negative critical reception of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[94] The same month, Irons stated that the Justice League storyline would be more linear and simple, compared to the theatrical version of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice.[95] Johns confirmed on June 3, 2016 that the title of the film is Justice League,[96] and later stated that the film would be "hopeful and optimistic" in comparison to previous DCEU films.[97] Filming wrapped in October 2016.[98][99][100]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In May 2017, Snyder stepped down during post-production of the film to properly deal with the death of his daughter. Joss Whedon, whom Snyder had previously brought on to rewrite some additional scenes, took over to handle post-production duties in Snyder's place.[101] In July 2017, it was announced the film was undergoing two months of reshoots in London and Los Angeles, with Warner Bros. putting about $25 million into them (more than the typical $6–10 million additional filming costs).[102] The reshoots coincided with Cavill's schedule for Mission: Impossible – Fallout, for which he had grown a moustache which he was contracted to keep while filming, so Justice League's VFX team used special effects to digitally remove the moustache in post-production.[103] Warner Bros. later announced that Whedon would receive a screenwriting credit on the film alongside Chris Terrio.[104]

text: Music[edit]

text: In March 2016, Hans Zimmer, who co-composed the score for Man of Steel and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, stated that he had officially retired from the "superhero business".[105] Junkie XL, who wrote and composed the soundtrack of Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice with Zimmer, was originally scoring the film.[106] In June 2017, Danny Elfman was announced to have replaced Junkie XL.[107] Elfman had previously composed the films Batman and Batman Returns, and the theme music for Batman: The Animated Series. Elfman confirmed that he would use the Batman theme music from the 1989 film for Batman in the film, and would also briefly use John Williams' Superman theme during "a dark, twisted moment" in the film.[108][109] The film features a cover of Leonard Cohen's "Everybody Knows" performed by Sigrid, "Icky Thump" performed by the White Stripes, and a cover of the Beatles' "Come Together" performed by Gary Clark Jr. and Junkie XL.[110]

text: Release[edit]

text: Justice League held its world premiere in Beijing on October 26, 2017, and was theatrically released in North America in standard, RealD 3D and IMAX on November 17, 2017.[111] Justice League was released on Digital HD on February 13, 2018, and is scheduled to be released on Blu-ray, Blu-ray 3D, 4K Ultra-HD Blu-ray and DVD on March 13, 2018.[112]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of February 11, 2018[update], Justice League has grossed $228.6 million in the United States and Canada, and $428 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $656.6 million, against a production budget of $300 million.[3] It had a worldwide opening of $278.8 million, the 24th biggest of all-time.[113][114] The estimated gross worldwide for the film to break even is around $750 million.[115]

text: In the United States and Canada, industry tracking initially forecast the film debuting to $110–120 million from 4,051 theaters (including 400 IMAX screens).[116] It made $13 million from Thursday night previews, up from the $11 million made by Wonder Woman the previous June.[117] However, after making $38.8 million on its first day (including Thursday previews), weekend projections were lowered to $95 million. It ended up debuting to $93.8 million, down 45% from Batman v Superman's opening of $166 million, and being the first film of the DCEU to open under $100 million. Deadline.com attributed the low figure to lukewarm audience reaction to the film and most of its predecessors, as well as poor critical reception, and partly Warner-owned[not in citation given] film review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes not posting their aggregated score until the day before release, causing speculation and doubt from filmgoers.[118] In its second weekend, the film dropped 56% to $41.1 million, finishing second at the box office, behind newcomer Coco.[119] It was the second-best second weekend hold of the DCEU, behind Wonder Woman's 43%, but the lowest overall gross.[120] In its third week it again finished second behind Coco, grossing $16.7 million.[121]

text: Internationally, the film was projected to debut to $215–235 million for a worldwide opening of $325–355 million.[122] It made $8.5 million on its first day from nine countries, including South Korea, France and Brazil.[117] It ended up having a $185 million international debut from 65 countries, including $57.1 million from China, $9.8 million from the United Kingdom, $9.6 million from Mexico and $8.8 million from South Korea. The film broke a record in the Philippines with a debut of $1.12M (PHP 57.3M), making it the biggest industry opening day for a film there in 2017.[123] In Brazil, the film opened to $14.2 million, the biggest opening in the country's history.[113]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Justice League received mixed reviews, with critics praising the action sequences and solid performances (primarily Gadot and Miller) while criticizing the writing, pacing, and CGI, as well as the plot as thin, and the villain as underdeveloped.[124] On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 40%, based on 301 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Justice League leaps over a number of DC movies, but its single bound isn't enough to shed the murky aesthetic, thin characters, and chaotic action that continue to dog the franchise."[125] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the film a score of 45 out of 100, based on 52 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[126] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale,[118] whereas PostTrak surveyed audiences scored the film 4 out of 5.[127]

text: Richard Roeper of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast, especially Gadot, and saying "It's a putting-the-band-together origins movie, executed with great fun and energy."[128] Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review and wrote, "Justice League... has been conceived, in each and every frame, to correct the sins of Batman v Superman. It's not just a sequel—it's an act of franchise penance. The movie... is never messy or bombastic. It's light and clean and simple (at times almost too simple), with razory repartee and combat duels that make a point of not going on for too long."[129]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 2.5 out of 4 stars, praising the cast but criticizing the action sequences and writing, saying: "The scenes of the League members together, bickering and bonding, spike the film with humor and genuine feeling, creating a rooting interest in the audience. Without it, the film would crumble."[130] Conversely, Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter, while praising Gadot and Miller, called the film visually ugly and boring, saying, "Fatigue, repetition and a laborious approach to exposition are the keynotes of this affair, which is also notable for how Ben Affleck, donning the bat suit for the second time, looks like he'd rather be almost anywhere else but here."[131]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film's poster was nominated for "Best Action Poster" by the Golden Trailer Awards in June 2017.[132] In December 2017, Ezra Miller was nominated for "Best Comedic Performance" for his role as Barry Allen by the San Diego Film Critics Society.[133]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: A sequel was scheduled to be released in June 2019,[67] but has since been delayed to accommodate the release for a standalone Batman film.[134] By March 2017, producer Charles Roven announced that Zack Snyder would return as director.[135] In October 2017, J. K. Simmons stated that the studio is working on a sequel script, alongside The Batman.[136] Shortly after the release of Justice League, Henry Cavill stated that he is under contract with Warner Bros. to play Superman for one more film.[137]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that there were "no immediate plans" for Zack Snyder to direct a Justice League sequel, or any other DC films, with Snyder instead being relegated to an executive producer position. This comes after a reshuffling of film production staff at Warner Bros. due to the film's financial performance.[138]


document_title: Little Shop of Horrors (film)

question_text: what is the venus fly traps name in little shop of horrors

text: Little Shop of Horrors (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: A three-girl "Greek chorus"—Crystal, Ronnette, and Chiffon—introduce the movie, warning the audience that some horror is coming their way ("Prologue: Little Shop of Horrors"). Seymour Krelborn (Rick Moranis) and his colleague, Audrey (Ellen Greene), work at Mushnik's Flower Shop in a run-down, rough neighborhood in New York City referred to as "Skid Row". They lament that they cannot escape the neighborhood ("Skid Row (Downtown)"). Struggling from a lack of customers, Mr. Mushnik (Vincent Gardenia) decides to close the store, but Audrey suggests he may have more success by displaying an unusual plant that Seymour owns. Immediately attracting a customer, Seymour explains he bought the plant, which he dubbed "Audrey II", from a Chinese flower shop during a solar eclipse ("Da-Doo"). Attracting business to Mushnik's shop, the plant soon starts dying, worrying Seymour. Accidentally pricking his finger, he then discovers Audrey II needs human blood to thrive ("Grow for Me").

text: Seymour takes Audrey II and is interviewed on the radio, and Audrey misses the broadcast due to being "hand-cuffed a little" by her sadistic, mean-spirited boyfriend Orin Scrivello (Steve Martin). The three girls suggest Audrey dump Orin and get another man to protect her, like Seymour, but Audrey states she doesn't deserve a nice guy. Despite this, Audrey has feelings for Seymour and secretly dreams of running off with him to the suburbs ("Somewhere That's Green"). Audrey II continues to grow rapidly and Seymour becomes a local celebrity ("Some Fun Now"). Seymour soon attempts to ask Audrey out, but she turns him down because she has a date with her boyfriend, revealed to be a dentist ("Dentist!"). After Seymour closes up shop, Audrey II begins to talk to Seymour, demanding more blood than Seymour can give. The plant proposes that Seymour murder someone in exchange for fame and fortune: Seymour initially refuses, but agrees after witnessing Orin beating Audrey ("Feed Me (Get It)").

text: After Orin finishes with his masochistic patient, Arthur Denton (Bill Murray), who requested "a long, slow, root canal", Seymour books an appointment with Orin and arms himself with a revolver; however, he cannot bring himself to use it. Orin, who abuses nitrous oxide, puts on a type of venturi mask to receive a constant flow of the gas. Accidentally breaking an intake valve and unable to remove the mask, Orin begs Seymour for help removing it, but Seymour does nothing. When Orin asks Seymour what he ever did to him, Seymour coldly replies "Nothing, it's what you did to her." Orin dies from asphyxiation and Seymour drags his body back to Audrey II. While dismembering the body to feed to the plant, Seymour is unknowingly witnessed by Mushnik, who flees in fear.

text: After feeding Orin's parts to Audrey II, which has grown to enormous size, Seymour discovers the police investigating Orin's disappearance. Audrey, feeling guilty about wishing Orin would disappear, is comforted by Seymour and the two admit their feelings for each other ("Suddenly, Seymour"). That night, Mushnik confronts Seymour about what he saw and holds Seymour at gunpoint, threatening to report him to the police. Mushnik then changes his mind, saying that since Seymour was "like a son" to him, he'll allow Seymour to leave town, blackmailing him into giving the plant to Mushnik. With no choice, Seymour steadily backs him towards the plant, which swallows Mushnik whole ("Suppertime").

text: Despite widespread success, Seymour worries about Audrey II's growth and unbridled appetite ("The Meek Shall Inherit"). Offered money and a contract for a botany TV show, Seymour plans to escape Skid Row with Audrey using the money, leaving the plant to starve. After Audrey accepts Seymour's marriage proposal, Audrey II catches Seymour leaving and demands another meal: Seymour agrees, but insists on meat from a butcher. While Seymour is gone, the plant telephones Audrey, coaxes her into the shop, and then tries to eat her, in the process revealing to her that he also ate Orin and Mr. Mushnik. Seymour, returning in time to save Audrey, escapes the store with her. Explaining that he fed the plant to become successful and win Audrey's heart, Seymour discovers she has always loved him. Approached by an executive named Patrick Martin (Jim Belushi) from a botanical company, Seymour is offered a contract to breed Audrey II and sell the saplings worldwide. Horrified by the idea, Seymour drives Martin away and realizes he must destroy Audrey II for the sake of humanity.

text: Returning to the shop, Seymour learns that Audrey II is actually an alien from outer space ("Mean Green Mother from Outer Space"). Audrey II traps Seymour and destroys the shop, but Seymour grabs an exposed electrical cable and electrocutes Audrey II. Leaving the destroyed shop, Seymour safely reunites with Audrey. The two wed and move to the suburbs: as they arrive at their new home, which is the one seen in Audrey's daydreams, a smiling Audrey II bud can be seen among the flowers in their front yard.

text: Original ending[edit]

text: During production, director Oz shot a 23-minute ending based on the off-Broadway musical's ending. However, after audiences at the preview screenings did not react positively to it, the ending had to be rewritten and re-shot for the theatrical release with a "happier ending."[3]

text: In the original ending, when Audrey is attacked by the plant, Seymour pulls her from its jaws but is too late to save her, as she is mortally wounded. As she is dying she tells him what the plant said about Orin and Mushnik, and then Seymour confesses that he fed them to the plant. Audrey requests that Seymour feed her to the plant too so that it will live and Seymour can earn the success he deserves ("Somewhere That's Green (Reprise)"). After fulfilling her dying wish, he attempts suicide by jumping off the roof of a building, only to be stopped by Patrick Martin. Martin offers to reproduce and sell Audrey IIs and has already grown a smaller Audrey II from one of the cuttings that he harvested earlier. He also warns Seymour that his consent is not necessary as plants are considered to be in the public domain. Realizing Audrey II is planning global domination, Seymour climbs down from the roof with the resolution to destroy the plant. Returning to the shop, he confronts and tries to kill Audrey II, who tears down the shop, fishes him from the rubble and eats him alive. The plant then spits out Seymour's glasses and laughs victoriously ("Mean Green Mother from Outer Space)".

text: The three chorus girls appear in front of a large American flag and tell how although Audrey II buds became a worldwide consumer craze, the buds grew into an army of monstrous plants who begin to take over the Earth.[4] Giant Audrey II plants are shown destroying cities, toppling buildings, as well as eating people. The United States Army attempts to fight the buds as they ascend the Statue of Liberty and Audrey II eventually bursts through the movie screen and presumably eats the viewers ("Finale (Don't Feed The Plants)").

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Rick Moranis as Seymour Krelborn, a nerdy florist who loves "strange and interesting" plants. He is nice and well-intentioned, but is easily influenced: the plant, Audrey II, tricks him into feeding it humans.
Ellen Greene as Audrey, a kind, shy, friendly, and awkward coworker who is the object of Seymour's affections, but who is dating the sadistic Orin Scrivello.
Vincent Gardenia as Mr. Mushnik, the grumpy, stingy owner of Mushnik's Flower Shop.
Steve Martin as Orin Scrivello, DDS, a sadistic, nitrous oxide-addicted dentist and Audrey's violent, abusive boyfriend.
Levi Stubbs as the voice of Audrey II, an evil and boisterous flytrap-like extraterrestrial plant with plans to take over the planet.
Tichina Arnold, Michelle Weeks, and Tisha Campbell as Crystal, Ronette, and Chiffon, the three mysterious girls who act as a Greek chorus and often provide back-up to the songs throughout the film.
Jim Belushi as Patrick Martin, a Licensing and Marketing executive from World Botanical Enterprises who offers Seymour a proposal to sell Audrey IIs worldwide. Belushi appears in the theatrical release after re-shoots, as actor Paul Dooley (who played Martin in the original ending) was unavailable to reprise his scenes for the re-shoots.
John Candy as Wink Wilkinson, the DJ for WSKID who puts on a radio show about "weird stuff" called "Wink Wilkinson's Weird World".
Christopher Guest as The First Customer, the first customer to enter the flower shop and notice Audrey II.
Bill Murray as Arthur Denton, a hyperactive masochist who visits Orin the dentist for "a long, slow root canal."
Miriam Margolyes as a Dental Nurse, Orin's cynical nurse/secretary who Orin frequently appears to enjoy hurting.
Stanley Jones as the Narrator, whose voice is heard reading the opening words.
Mak Wilson, Danny John-Jules, Danny Cunningham, Gary Palmer, and Paul Swaby as the doo-wop backup singers.
Jim Henson's daughter Heather Henson cameos as one of Orin's patients.
Vincent Wong as the Chinese Florist
Kerry Shale as Life magazine assistant
Audrey II was operated by John Alexander, Anthony Asbury, Don Austen, David Barclay, Michael Barclay, James Barton, Michael Bayliss, Marcus Clarke, Sue Dacre, Graham Fletcher, Brian Henson, Terry Lee, Christopher Leith, Toby Philpott, Mike Quinn, Paul Springer, William Todd-Jones, Ian Tregonnian, Robert Tygner, and Mak Wilson.

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
"Prologue: Little Shop of Horrors"– Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal
"Skid Row (Downtown)"– Seymour, Audrey, Mushnik, Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal, Company
"Da-Doo"– Seymour, Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal
"Grow for Me"– Seymour, Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal (off-screen)
"Somewhere That's Green"– Audrey
"Some Fun Now"– Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal
"Dentist!"– Orin, Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal
"Feed Me (Git It)"– Audrey II, Seymour
"Suddenly, Seymour"– Seymour, Audrey, Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal
"Suppertime"– Audrey II, Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal
"The Meek Shall Inherit"– Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal, Company
"Suppertime (Reprise)"– Audrey II, Audrey, Chiffon, Ronette and Crystal (off screen)
"Suddenly, Seymour (Reprise)"– Audrey, Seymour
"Mean Green Mother from Outer Space"– Audrey II, the Pods
"Little Shop of Horrors medley" (end credits)– Company

tag: ol

text:
"Somewhere That's Green (Reprise)"– Audrey, Seymour
"Mean Green Mother from Outer Space"– Audrey II, the Pods
"Finale (Don't Feed the Plants)"– Chiffon, Ronette, Crystal, Company

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: David Geffen was one of the original producers of the off-Broadway show and he began planning to produce a feature film adaptation. Originally Steven Spielberg was to executive produce the film and Martin Scorsese was to direct, but production was stalled when the original film's screenwriter and actor, Charles B. Griffith, filed a lawsuit.[5] Scorsese wanted to shoot the film in 3-D, but plans fell through and Scorsese's first 3-D film would be Hugo 25 years later.[citation needed] John Landis was also attached to the project for a time.[6]

text: Geffen then offered the film to Frank Oz, who was finishing work on The Muppets Take Manhattan around the same time. Oz initially rejected it, but he later had an idea that got him into the cinematic aspect of the project, which he did not figure out before. Oz spent a month and a half to restructure the script which he felt was stage-bound. Geffen and Ashman liked what he had written and decided to go with what he did. Oz was also studying the Off-Broadway show and how it was thematically constructed, all in order to reconstruct it for a feature film.[3]

text: The film differs only slightly from the stage play. The title song is expanded to include an additional verse to allow for more opening credits.[citation needed] The song "Ya Never Know" was re-written into a calypso-style song called "Some Fun Now", although some of the lyrics were retained.[citation needed]  Four other songs ("Closed for Renovation", "Mushnik and Son", "Now (It's Just the Gas)", as well as "Call Back in the Morning") were cut from the original production score. An original song written by Ashman and Menken, "Mean Green Mother from Outer Space", was created for the film.

text: Casting[edit]

text: Greene was not the first choice for the role of Audrey. The studio wanted Cyndi Lauper, who turned it down. Barbra Streisand was also rumored to have been offered the part. Since Greene was the original off-Broadway Audrey, the role was given to her. "She's amazing," Oz said. "I couldn't imagine any other Audrey, really. She nailed that part for years off-Broadway."[3] The character of the masochistic dental patient, Arthur Denton, played in the original film by Jack Nicholson under the name "Wilbur Force", and cut from the stage version, was added back to the story and played by Bill Murray, who improvised all of his dialogue. It supposedly took Steve Martin six weeks to film all his scenes as Orin. He contributed ideas such as socking the nurse in the face (originally he was to knock her out using his gas mask) and ripping off the doll head.

text: Filming[edit]

text: All the scenes were filmed at Pinewood Studios in England, making use of every sound stage there, including the 007 Stage. Oz and his crew did not want to shoot on location as it would tamper with the fantastical mood of the film. Part of the giant 007 stage was used to film the 'Suddenly Seymour' number. But because of its size, the stage was impractical to heat properly and thus caused breath condensation to appear from the actor's lips. This was countered by having Ellen Greene and Rick Moranis put ice cubes in their mouths. This would be the first time Moranis and Martin starred in a film together, and they would later appear together in three more films: Parenthood, My Blue Heaven and L.A. Story.

text: As mentioned, additional sequences and songs from the original off-Broadway show were dropped or re-written in order for the feature version to be paced well. The notable change was for the "Meek Shall Inherit" sequence. As originally filmed, it detailed through a dream sequence Seymour's rising success and the need to keep the plant fed and impress Audrey. In the final cut, the dream sequence and much of the song is cut out. Oz said, "I cut that because I felt it just didn't work and that was before the first preview in San Jose. It was the right choice, it didn't really add value to the entire cut."[3] The full version of the song was included on the film's soundtrack album, as were the songs from the original ending. The sequence was deemed to be lost until in 2012 when it was rediscovered on a VHS workprint that contained alternate and extended takes and sequences.[7]

text: Operating the plant[edit]

text: The film's version of Audrey II was an extremely elaborate creation, using puppets designed by Lyle Conway.

text: While developing the mouth of the plant for the dialogue scenes and musical numbers, Oz, Conway and his crew were struggling to figure out how to make the plant move convincingly. "We kept trying and trying and it didn't work."[8] The solution presented itself while reviewing test footage of the puppet. When the film was run backwards or forward at a faster than normal speed, the footage looked much more convincing and lifelike.  They realized they could film the puppet at a slower speed, making it appear to move faster when played back at normal speed. "By slowing it down it looked it was talking real fast. We then went 'holy cow, look at that. We can do it.'"[8] The frame rate for filming the plant was slowed to 12 or 16 frames per second, depending on the scene, and frequent screen cuts were used to minimize the amount of screen time the puppet spent with human actors, and when interaction was totally necessary, the actors (usually Moranis) would pantomime and lip sync in slow motion.[8] The film was then sped up to the normal 24 frames per second and voices were reinserted in post-production. Levi Stubbs' recordings were run through a harmonizer when slowed down so that they were coherent for Moranis or Ellen Greene.

text: There are no blue screens or opticals involved in any of Audrey II's scenes, with the exception of the reshot ending where the plant is electrocuted, designed by Visual Effects supervisor Bran Ferren, and in some shots during the rampage in the original ending. The plant was made in six different stages of growth and there were three different versions of Mushnik's shop, making it possible for two units to work with different sized plants at the same time. Each of the talking plants had to be cleaned, re-painted and patched up at the end of each shooting day, which would take up to three hours depending on the size.  The "Suppertime" number uses two different sizes of Audrey II. When the plant is singing all alone in the shop, it is actually a smaller size: the same size as when it sang "Feed Me", but now standing on a scaled down set to make it look larger. The full size one that is seen to interact with Seymour and Mushnik was not provided with lip movement, but was built to swallow Mushnik's (mechanical) legs. During Audrey II's final stage of growth, 60 technicians were necessary to operate the one-ton puppet.[9]

text: The finale[edit]

text: Oz and Ashman wanted to retain the ending of the musical where Seymour and Audrey die and the plant succeeds and takes over the city of New York, but Geffen was actually against it. "He said you can't do that," Oz recounts. "But again he knew what Howard and I wanted to do, so he supported us."[3] A special effects team skilled in working with miniatures, and Special Visual Effects team, went to great lengths to create the finale. The model department was supervised by Richard Conway, known for his model work on Flash Gordon and Brazil. "It was all model stuff, that was the brilliant thing. He created the bridge, the buildings, several Audrey IIs and created all of it, all on tabletop. It's all old-fashioned, tabletop animation"[3] [although no stop motion animation was used in the film or in the ending]. The Visual Effects work was supervised by Bran Ferren (Altered States).

text: Reportedly the entire planned climax cost about $5 million to produce, and included elaborate special and visual effects.[citation needed] Oz said in an interview, "this was, I think, the most expensive film Warner Bros. had done at the time."[3] As the film was nearing completion, the excited studio set up a test screening in San Jose. Oz said, "For every musical number, there was applause, they loved it, it was just fantastic...  until Rick and Ellen died, and then the theatre became a refrigerator, an ice box. It was awful and the cards were just awful. You have to have a 55 percent "recommend" to really be released and we got a 13. It was a complete disaster." Oz insisted on setting another test screening in L.A. to see if they would get a different reaction. Geffen agreed to this, but they received the same negative reaction as before.[3] Oz later recounted, "I learned a lesson: in a stage play, you kill the leads and they come out for a bow—in a movie, they don't come out for a bow, they're dead. They're gone and so the audience lost the people they loved, as opposed to the theater audience where they knew the two people who played Audrey and Seymour were still alive. They loved those people, and they hated us for it."[10]

text: Oz and Ashman scrapped Audrey and Seymour's grim deaths and the finale rampage, and Ashman rewrote a happier ending, with Jim Belushi replacing Paul Dooley (who was unavailable for the re-shoot) as Patrick Martin. The musical number "Mean Green Mother from Outer Space" was left mostly intact from the original cut, with new shots of Audrey observing from a window added in. A brief sequence from the "Mean Green Mother" number was also removed in which Seymour fires his revolver at Audrey II, only to discover that the bullets ricochet harmlessly off of the plant. In the happy ending, Audrey II is destroyed and Seymour, Audrey, and humanity survive. This happy ending is made somewhat ambiguous, however, with a final shot of a smiling Audrey II bud in Seymour and Audrey's front yard. Tisha Campbell was unavailable for the final appearance of the chorus girls in the yard and was replaced with a lookalike seen only from the waist down.[8]

text: "We had to do it," Oz recounted. "[and do it] in such a manner that the audience would enjoy the movie. It was very dissatisfying for both of us that we couldn't do what we wanted. So creatively, no, it didn't satisfy us and being true to the story. But we also understood the realities that they couldn't release the movie if we had that ending."[3] "We had to take [the workprint] apart, and we never made a dupe of [the original ending]." At the time, the only copies of it that were made to be viewed were VHS workprint tapes given to few crew members.[11] The scene in which Seymour proposes to Audrey originally contained the reprise of "Suddenly, Seymour". This scene was re-shot and the reprise was placed later in the new ending.[8] In the final theatrical cut, the only miniatures that are retained are the New York City streets passing behind Steve Martin's motorcycle ride at the beginning of "Dentist!"[8] "When we did re-shoot the ending, the crowd reaction went over 50 percent in our favor. Before it was a point where they hated it so much, Warner probably wouldn't even release the movie," Oz said.[11]

text: Release[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Little Shop of Horrors, after a delay needed to complete the revised ending, was released on December 19, 1986 and was anticipated to do strong business over the 1986 holiday season.[12] The film grossed $39 million at the box office,[13] which, from the viewpoint of the studio, was considered an underperformer. However, it became a smash hit upon its home video release in 1987 on VHS and Beta.

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes retrospectively collected reviews to give it a score of 90% based on reviews from 48 critics, the general consensus states: "Remixing Roger Corman's B-movie by way of the Off-Broadway musical, Little Shop of Horrors offers camp, horror and catchy tunes in equal measure—plus some inspired cameos by the likes of Steve Martin and Bill Murray."[14] On Metacritic, which uses an average of critics' reviews, the film has an 81% rating based on 15 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim" (14 positive reviews, 1 mixed, and no negative).[15] Richard Corliss of Time magazine said, "You can try not liking this adaptation of the Off-Broadway musical hit -- it has no polish and a pushy way with a gag -- but the movie sneaks up on you, about as subtly as Audrey II."[16]

text: In The New York Times, Janet Maslin called it "a full-blown movie musical, and quite a winning one".[17] Roger Ebert said in his review: "All of the wonders of Little Shop of Horrors are accomplished with an offhand, casual charm. This is the kind of movie that cults are made of, and after Little Shop finishes its first run, I wouldn't be at all surprised to see it develop as one of those movies that fans want to include in their lives".[18] Oz's friend and Muppet colleague Jim Henson praised the film and said "the lip sync on the plant in that film is just absolutely amazing".[11]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film was also nominated for two Academy Awards, one for Best Visual Effects (Lyle Conway, Bran Ferren, Martin Gutteridge), the other for Best Original Song (Alan Menken, Howard Ashman) for Audrey II's new number, "Mean Green Mother from Outer Space". "Mean Green" was the first Oscar-nominated song to contain profanity in the lyrics and thus had to be slightly censored for the show. It's also the first of only two songs sung by a villain to be nominated, the other being "Blame Canada" from South Park: Bigger, Longer & Uncut (which also featured profanity). "Mean Green" lost to "Take My Breath Away" from Top Gun. It was also nominated for Best Motion Picture - Comedy/Musical (losing to Hannah and Her Sisters) and Best Original Score (Miles Goodman) during the 44th Golden Globe Awards. The Score went to Ennio Morricone for The Mission.

text: Home media[edit]

text: Little Shop of Horrors was the first DVD to be recalled for content.[4] In 1998, Warner Bros. released a special edition DVD that contained approximately 23 minutes of unfinished footage from Oz's original ending, although it was in black and white and was missing some sound, visual and special effects.[citation needed] Producer and rights owner David Geffen was not aware of this release until it made it to the stores. Geffen said, "They put out a black-and-white, un-scored, un-dubbed video copy of the original ending that looked like shit." As a result, the studio removed it from shelves in a matter of days and replaced it with a second edition that did not contain the extra material. Geffen wanted to theatrically re-release the film with the original ending intact.[19] Geffen also claimed to have a color copy of the original ending, while the studio had lower quality, black and white duplicates as their own color print was destroyed in a studio fire years earlier. But Geffen had not known, until after the DVD was pulled, that the studio did not know there was a colored copy of the original ending in existence.[3]

text: In November 2011, Oz held a Q&A session at the Museum of the Moving Image in Astoria, Queens during a Henson-themed exhibit. During the talk, he announced that the film would be released as a new special edition with the original ending restored.[20] Warner Bros. reconstructed and restored the ending in an alternate edit, with re-discovered color negatives of the sequence and the help of production notes from Oz and others on the film's creative team. It was released on DVD and Blu-ray on October 9, 2012 with features returning from the original DVD.[21] It was initially subtitled as "The Intended Cut",[22] but changed to "The Director's Cut" once Oz began to support the release. The new edit was screened at the 50th New York Film Festival in the "Masterwork" line-up on September 29, 2012, alongside titles such as Laurence Olivier's Richard III and Michael Cimino's Heaven's Gate.[23] Oz worried that the audience would react negatively at the 2012 screening; however, "the audience accepted Audrey and Seymour's deaths with applause and roared in glee during the plant rampage," says Oz.