question_text: when does ordinal scale come out on dvd

question_tokens: when does ordinal scale come out on dvd

text: Plot[edit]

text: In the year 2026, the Augma is released to the public as an alternative system to the AmuSphere, due to its function to simulate reality while the player is conscious rather than using FullDive. The most prominent combat-based game is Ordinal Scale, in which a player's abilities are ranked by ordinal numbers.

text: Asuna, Lisbeth and Silica encourage Kirito to play OS upon hearing that Aincrad bosses have appeared. Kirito joins Asuna and Klein in a boss fight where the game's mascot, AI idol singer Yuna, appears and gives players buff effects as she sings. Kirito fails to achieve anything due to lack of physical strength and quickness. Eiji, the number-two player, aides the group in defeating the boss. Before Asuna makes the killing blow, Eiji whispers the word "Switch," a game mechanic from SAO that she recognizes.

text: The next night, Asuna joins Klein and his group for another boss fight while waiting for their last group member, unaware that he was injured by Eiji the night before. Asuna proceeds to the fight which is again presided over by Yuna. Klein and his group are ambushed and defeated by the sudden appearance of another boss and Eiji. The following morning, as Kirito practices with OS in a park, a girl in a white hood appears and points off into the distance before disappearing. Kirito meets with Asuna, who theorizes that Eiji was a member of the Knights of the Blood Oath named Nautilus, while Yui deduces that the spawn locations of the Aincrad bosses line up with the SAO dungeon maps.

text: Asuna, Lisbeth and Silica enter another fight where Yuna and Eiji appear again. Asuna is hit by the boss and passes out upon saving Silica who was pushed into the boss' path by Eiji. Asuna realizes her memories of SAO are fading and at a hospital visit with Kirito, learn that the Augma scanned her brain for SAO memories and that it could also happen to other SAO survivors playing OS. Kirito investigates the issue with Sinon during a boss battle, where an SAO player is defeated and a glowing orb floats upward into an OS drone. Yui fails to retrieve it after being locked out by the game. Later, Kirito meets the hooded girl again who repeats her actions from before. Kirito and Yui discover she is pointing towards Touto Technical University.

text: Kirito goes to the school and meets Professor Tetsuhiro Shigemura who developed Augma, but Shigemura refuses to answer any questions. Before leaving, Kirito notices on Shigemura's desk a picture of a girl who resembles Yuna. Kirito discusses with Kikuoka Seijirou, who informs him that Shigemura's daughter, Yuna, died in SAO. Visiting Asuna's home, Kirito promises Asuna to get her memories back. Kirito encounters the hooded girl again, revealed to be Yuna. When she tells him his rank is too low, Kirito decides to level up, solo-killing as many bosses as he can with aid from Sinon and Leafa.

text: Days later, the OS players gather at a stadium for Yuna's concert. In the lower levels, Kirito duels with Eiji who claims he has a way to return Asuna's memories. Kirito wins but Eiji reveals that Shigemura has been harvesting memories of SAO players in an attempt to reconstruct his lost daughter's soul and download her as an AI; having all players in the concert would make removing memories easier. Eiji adds that the drones used for harvesting possess enough power to damage the players' brains, killing them like the NerveGear did in SAO.

text: As a horde of Aincrad bosses raid the arena, Kirito and Yuna join the battle. Yuna tells Kirito that the Augma has a hidden full-dive feature and he can use it to defeat SAO's 100th floor boss to end the battle. Before diving, Kirito gives Asuna an engagement ring. Entering the Ruby Palace of Floor 100, Kirito, Lisbeth, Silica, Agil, and Sinon confront the boss. They are easily defeated until Asuna, Leafa, Klein, and several others from ALO and GGO come to their aid. Yui restores their saved abilities from SAO, allowing everyone to defeat the boss. The voice of Akihiko Kayaba congratulates them on their victory and gives Kirito an extremely powerful sword as a reward.

text: The group returns to the arena still in full-dive where Kirito, now OS's top-ranked player, dispatches the bosses with his new sword as Kikuoka finds Shigemura in the server room of Argus (the defunct company that ran SAO) and arrests him. The hooded Yuna restores the survivors' memories and fades out of existence since she was coded from the Floor 100 boss. Afterwards, Kirito and Asuna fulfill their promise they made to each other in Aincrad, to watch a meteor shower together. Asuna returns Kirito's engagement ring so to properly put it on her hand, which he does.

text: In a post-credits scene, Kikuoka, who was impressed with Shigemura's attempt at AI and soul reconstruction, recruits Shigemura to Rath.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Character
Japanese[3]
English[4]

Kirito / Kazuto Kirigaya
Yoshitsugu Matsuoka
Bryce Papenbrook

Asuna / Asuna Yuuki
Haruka Tomatsu
Cherami Leigh

Leafa / Suguha Kirigaya
Ayana Taketatsu
Cassandra Morris

Yui
Kanae Itō
Stephanie Sheh

Silica / Keiko Ayano
Rina Hidaka
Christine Marie Cabanos

Lisbeth / Rika Shinozaki
Ayahi Takagaki
Sarah Anne Williams

Sinon / Shino Asada
Miyuki Sawashiro
Michelle Ruff

Klein / Ryōtarō Tsuboi
Hiroaki Hirata
Kirk Thornton

Agil / Andrew Gilbert Mills
Hiroki Yasumoto
Patrick Seitz

Akihiko Kayaba
Kōichi Yamadera
Marc Diraison

Yuna
Sayaka Kanda
Ryan Bartley

Eiji
Yoshio Inoue
Chris Patton

Dr. Shigemura
Takeshi Kaga
Jamieson Price

text: Production[edit]

text: At the Dengeki Bunko Autumn Festival 2015 on October 4, 2015, it was announced that the light novel series would be adapted into an animated film, with the main staff returning from the anime series.[5][6] The film takes place after the anime series' second season, Sword Art Online II.[7] It was then revealed at the Dengeki Bunko Haru no Saiten 2016 event on March 13, 2016 that the film is titled Sword Art Online The Movie: Ordinal Scale.[8] The voice cast from the anime series returned to reprise their roles in the film.[3][9][10]

text: The film's soundtrack is composed by Yuki Kajiura, who also composed the music for the anime series. The soundtrack features 50 tracks, including 5 insert songs performed by Sayaka Kanda. It was released by Aniplex on February 22, 2017.[11] LiSA performed the film's theme song, titled "Catch the Moment".[12] Sayaka Kanda perfroms five songs as Yuna: "Ubiquitous dB", "Longing", "Delete", "Break Beat Bark!" and "Smile For You".

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered in Japan, Southeast Asia and Germany on February 18, 2017. The Asian premieres were distributed by Aniplex and Odex, respectively.[13][14][15] There was a premiere event in the United States on March 1, 2017; Eleven Arts distributed and released the film in U.S. theaters on March 9, 2017.[16] Madman Entertainment also released the film at theaters in Australia and New Zealand on March 9, 2017.[17] Aniplex of America released the film at theaters in Canada between March 17 and March 19, 2017.[18] The English dub premiered at Anime Boston 2017, with a national release on April 22.[19][20] Anime Limited brought the film to cinemas in the United Kingdom and Ireland on April 19, 2017.[21][22] The film was set to play in about 1,000 theaters worldwide.[23]

text: A few days after the world premiere, a leak of the film was found online, tracing the source back to Malaysia and Singapore.[24][25]

text: The Blu-ray and DVD home video release volumes of Sword Art Online The Movie: Ordinal Scale were released in Japan on September 27, 2017 and are scheduled for release in North America on December 19, 2017.[26] The Japanese home video release features a sequel novel titled Sword Art Online: Cordial Code written by Kawahara and illustrated by abec, set eight days after the events of Ordinal Scale.[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film on its opening weekend opened at No. 1 at the Japanese box office, debuting in 151 theaters across Japan and grossed a total of ¥425 million from 308,376 admissions.[28][29] As of October 1, 2017, the film has grossed a total of over ¥4.3 billion.[2] It grossed over US$1.35 million in its first weekend in North America.[30] During its first day in Italy, the film beat out both Pirates of the Caribbean: Dead Men Tell No Tales and Wonder Woman at the box office.[31] It has grossed CN¥43 million in China.[32]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Alex Osborn of IGN posted a score of 7.5/10 and stated: "It's not a visual stunner, but Ordinal Scale serves up a solid original story that will help tide over those who are hungry for more SAO while they wait for a third season". A review coming from Cine Premier's Julio Vélez who scored it a 4.5/5 and stated: "The second act falls a little in action by focusing more on defining the motives of the antagonists, but everything recovers in an exciting and prolonged climax".[33] In a review featured on the anime streaming website Crunchyroll, Isaac Akers states "SAO being SAO, this was never going to be a perfectly crafted movie—but it captures so many of the charms of the franchise whilst also avoiding nearly all of its most aggravating faults."[34]


document_title: List of largest cities in Central America

question_text: what is the largest city in central america

root

text: Largest urban agglomerations[edit]

text: Estimates for all agglomerations with 300,000 or more inhabitants are included.[1]

tag: p

text:
City
Population[1]
Year of Census
Country

Guatemala City
2,918,000
2015
Guatemala

Panama City
1,673,000[a]
2015
Panama

San Salvador
1,767,102[2]
2015
El Salvador

San José
1,324,000
2015
Costa Rica

Tegucigalpa
1,170,000
2015
Honduras

Managua
956,000
2015
Nicaragua

San Pedro Sula
852,000
2015
Honduras

Choloma
453,000
2015
Honduras

tag: table

text: Largest cities proper[edit]

text: All cities proper with a population of 200,000 or more are included.

text:
City
Population
Year of Estimate
Country

Tegucigalpa
1,190,230[3]
2015
Honduras

Managua
1,048,134[4]
2015
Nicaragua

Guatemala City
994,078[5]
2015
Guatemala

San Pedro Sula
742,118[3]
2015
Honduras

Villa Nueva
564,686[5]
2015
Guatemala

Mixco
495,079[5]
2015
Guatemala

Panama City
468,843[b][7]
2015
Panama

San José
377,917[8]
2015
Costa Rica

San Miguelito
355,429[7]
2015
Panama

Soyapango
280,435[9]
2015
El Salvador

Santa Ana
269,386[9]
2015
El Salvador

San Salvador
257,754[9]
2015
El Salvador

San Miguel
257,621[9]
2015
El Salvador

Choloma
242,973[3]
2015
Honduras

San Juan Sacatepéquez
237,245[5]
2015
Guatemala

La Ceiba
204,140[3]
2015
Honduras


document_title: Piney Winston

question_text: when did piney die in sons of anarchy

question_tokens: when did piney die in sons of anarchy

text: Piney Winston

text: Character biography[edit]

text: Winston was in his late 60s and served as a Soldier in the U.S. Army 25th Infantry Division during the Vietnam War. When he returned to his hometown of Charming, California, in 1967, he felt ostracized by the same society he had just risked his life for. He eventually co-founded the Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club with fellow war veteran John Teller as a form of social rebellion and freedom. He was JT's vice president until he was diagnosed with emphysema in 1991. He then suffered from severe emphysema and had to carry an oxygen tank with him at all times, which prevent his going out on runs, but he still attended "Church". Despite his age he proved to be just as tough as his younger club brothers. Piney is the father of Harry "Opie" Winston, Jax Teller's best friend and another member of the Sons of Anarchy. Piney was the only contemporary SAMCRO (Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club Redwood Original) member to wear the original Sons of Anarchy denim kutte.[3]

text: Season One[edit]

text: At the beginning of Season One, the Mayans stole the Sons' weapons and torched their storage facility. When a meeting was called, Piney attended and proved to be a commanding figure amongst the gang's hierarchy despite his health. Later on, his son, Opie, came to him and asked to borrow money. Piney refused and told him to "grow a dick". Piney did, however, tell Opie to join Clay Morrow and Bobby Munson on a protection run to make some extra cash.[4]

text: Jax and Piney sold five AK-47s to Piney's old war buddy, Nate Meineke, and Meineke's right-wing militia. The militia then used these guns to ambush a prison convoy and free one of their members, Frank Cison. A police officer and two civilians were killed during the assault. Meineke dropped his cell phone at the scene, and his last calls had been from the Teller-Morrow Automotive Repair shop. When the ATF found the phone, they arrested Clay and raided the clubhouse. Clay was later released because no evidence was found. Meanwhile, Jax, Piney, and Opie decided to kill Meineke and his gang to stop them from "snitching" if they were apprehended by the authorities and because they had killed innocent people in the prison convoy ambush. The Sons pretended to sell Meineke's group more weapons, but the boxes of guns were actually filled with explosives, and the militia loaded their trucks with them. All of the militia were killed when the bombs were detonated.[5]

text: Piney, Bobby and Tig started a brawl at a local bar, to distract the police, giving Jax and Opie a chance to break into the police station to pass a message to Luann from Big Otto and free Cherry, who had been arrested.[6]

text: In the Season One finale, Piney was enraged that the club was doing nothing to avenge the murder of Donna Winston, his daughter-in-law, so he decided to take matters into his own hands. He travelled into Oakland and went to a One-Niners bar, where he took a hostage and demanded to know who killed Donna. Half-Sack Epps followed him, however, and called Jax and Chibs Telford for help. They got Piney out alive, and Laroy, the Niners leader, told them it wasn't his gang who killed Donna. It was later revealed that Piney had a copy of JT's diary, which he passed on to Jax at Donna's funeral.[7]

text: Season Two[edit]

text: Throughout Season Two, Piney and Jax continue to search for answers about Donna's death, although both remain convinced that Clay was somehow involved. Losing faith in Clay, and becoming disenchanted with the club, Piney barely makes a presence in any of the recent club activities. However, he proves that he still has a bit of pride left in him, when he rallies his brothers together and bravely helps rescue Tig from a group of bounty hunters.

text: Piney was extremely upset when he discovered Jax planned to go nomad. He voted yes on Jax's request and then immediately left to return to his cabin.

text: Piney's suspicions were proven true when Tig eventually admitted to killing Donna. Piney calmly said goodbye to his ex-wife and retreated to his cabin, where he stored away his kutte and gathered his old Army uniform and M1911 pistol. He went to the clubhouse and tried to shoot Clay, but he missed. Opie insisted that Piney only attempted to kill Clay for fear that Opie would do it himself, and Piney didn't want his son to ruin himself. Knowing the motorcycle club is all Piney has, Clay forgives him by telling him to never return to the clubhouse again without his kutte.

text: Season Three[edit]

text: In Season Three, Piney is shown to be more active in the club. He runs the Teller-Morrow garage while his fellow members are out looking for Jax's kidnapped son Abel and Gemma is on the run from the law. When SOA members Bobby and Happy need to get medicine for family members Piney leads them his friend (Frances Fisher), who is in the pharmaceutical drug trade. They arrive at her house while she is being robbed, and they shoot it out with the robbers. Because the Sons are outgunned they end up captured but are rescued by the rest of the SOA, thanks to a call for backup by Happy. When the club needs money for their trip to find Abel they decide to sell the pharmaceuticals supplied to them by Piney's friend.

text: While the club is in Belfast, Northern Ireland, Piney stays behind. He and the other SAMCRO members who stayed behind have their hands full with Jacob Hale's using Hector Salazar (former President of the Calaverez MC) to push out one of their most loyal supporters for a land development deal. When the Sons get information from Darby, Piney and Tig go to share it with Unser and ask him to investigate it, but Unser - who has been distant from the club - disregards the information. So Piney and the remaining SAMCRO members who aren't in Belfast look for Salazar but don't find him at his house. Salazar calls the club to tell them he has kidnapped Tara, and he wants the club to kill Alvarez and take $250,000 from Alvarez's home safe. The club gets Alvarez to pretend, for 24 hours, to be dead, but they can't get the money. ATF Agent June Stahl decides to help get Tara back by providing the ransom money, but the drop is compromised when some kids steal the money. The next day the rest of SAMCRO comes home, and they look for Tara. In the Season Three finale the club celebrates Abel's return, and the rest of the day the club works to tie up loose ends, which includes killing Jimmy O'Phelan. SAMCRO takes Jimmy from the Russians, but the ATF captures Jimmy at the garage, where they find out that Jax made the deal. Many SAMCRO members are arrested to face their gun charges. Piney, Opie, and Chibs are the only ones not subject to these charges and are assigned to ambush and kill Stahl and Jimmy with the help of Kozik, a Tacoma member who has been helping SAMCRO and wants to transfer to the Charming charter, and Unser. They successfully get the job done and drive away.

text: Season Four[edit]

text: In Season 4, Piney voices his disgust with Clay's decisions following the agreement to run drugs for the cartel, and he creates a rift in the club culminating in Bobby's call for a change of presidency vote. The vote is interrupted by attacks on SAMCRO and the Mayans, after which Piney goes to the cabin to clear his mind. It's also revealed that Piney is privy to the contents of some letters written by John Teller (which Tara found when she unwrapped and read the package of letters Maureen Ashby had secreted in Jax's bag and described to Piney). In these letters, JT related his concerns about the direction the club had taken, his plans to stop the gunrunning for the IRA, and his fears that he was losing Gemma and that Clay would kill him. Piney believes the latter is what eventually happened and threatens Clay that he will share those letters with Jax and the club, unless Clay pulls out of the cartel deal. Clay goes to the cabin looking for the letters and questions Piney about them, after which Clay murders Piney. Clay then stages the scene to look like a hit by the cartel. Piney is the third member of SOA's First 9 to be executed by Clay.


document_title: Greta Van Fleet

question_text: when does greta van fleets new album come out

text: Greta Van Fleet

text: History[edit]

text: Formation and early years (2012–2015)[edit]

text: The band was formed in Frankenmuth, Michigan in 2012 by brothers Joshua "Josh" Kiszka, Samuel "Sam" Kiszka, Jacob "Jake" Kiszka and Kyle Hauck. Hauck subsequently left the band in October 2013 and was replaced by Daniel "Danny" Wagner the same year.[4] The band name was created when one of its members heard a relative mention Gretna Van Fleet, a resident of Frankenmuth; their use of the variation on her name was done with her (subsequent) blessing.[5][6] In the time Hauck was the drummer, the band recorded and released three songs: "Highway Tune", "Cloud Train", and "Standing On". On February 28, 2014, a live EP was recorded in one take and subsequently released on June 7, 2014.[7] In 2014, their song "Standing On" was featured in 2014 Chevy Equinox advertisements in the Detroit area.[8] It is one of several songs, along with "By the Riverside", "Cloud Train", "Lover, Leaver, Taker, Believer", "Down to the River", "Sing in the Rain", "Thunder Stomp", "You're the One", and "Written in Gold", that were previously released but are currently unavailable.[9][10][11][12][13]

text: Black Smoke Rising and From the Fires (2016–present)[edit]

text: On January 17, 2016 the song "Highway Tune" was featured on the Showtime show Shameless.[14] On March 31, 2017 the first single "Highway Tune" was released on iTunes. On April 2, 2017 iTunes started streaming the song "Highway Tune".[15] On April 18, 2017 the music video for the song "Highway Tune" was released exclusively on Loudwire.[16] The band's debut EP titled Black Smoke Rising was released April 21, 2017. On April 21, 2017 Apple Music named Greta Van Fleet new artist of the week.[17] The band toured with The Struts during May, 2017.[18][19]

text: In October 2017, the band won Best New Artist at the Loudwire Music Awards.[20] The band released an eight-song double EP titled From the Fires on November 10, 2017. In addition to the four tracks from Black Smoke Rising, From the Fires features the new recordings "Edge of Darkness" and "Talk on the Street", as well as covers of Sam Cooke's "A Change Is Gonna Come" and Fairport Convention's "Meet on the Ledge". The four new tracks were recorded in September 2017 at Rust Belt Studios in Detroit and produced by Al Sutton and Marlon Young, the same duo that produced Black Smoke Rising.[21] The band also released "Safari Song" as a single in October, 2017.[22]

text: Greta Van Fleet opened for fellow Michigan native Bob Seger at the Dow Event Center on September 7.[23] In November 2017, the band announced that they would begin recording their first full-length studio album shortly after the release of From the Fires, and that they expected its release by mid-2018.[24]

text: The group performed at Elton John's Academy Award Party on March 4, 2018 at the host's personal request. John joined Greta Van Fleet onstage for his "Saturday Night's Alright for Fighting" and their "You're the One".[25]

text: Music and influences[edit]

text: Greta Van Fleet's music has been categorized as hard rock and blues rock.[26] Although all four members bonded over blues, each does have their own music tastes; Jake gravitates towards rock and roll, Sam likes jazz, Danny prefers folk, and Josh likes world music.[27] Sam stated that "It's not like we set out to be a rock and roll band, it's just that sound that comes out [when] we get together and play."[26] Songwriting is done by the band as a whole after one of the four members finds the concept for a song.[28] Danny said a lot of their songs are first written in a "folk set up" before evolving into something else.[26]

text: Greta Van Fleet are often compared to Led Zeppelin.[29] Jake related that he "... went through a year of really intensely studying what [Jimmy] Page did ...", but he has studied other virtuoso rock guitarists in a similar manner, specifically mentioning Pete Townshend.[30] Likewise, on his voice being compared to Robert Plant's, Josh said that Plant has certainly been an influence, "though it's not what I was going for."[31] Stating that he did not even know who Led Zeppelin was until high school, he explained that his singing style came out naturally one day while struggling to be heard over the rest of the band.[30] In a March 2018 interview, Plant cited Greta Van Fleet as one of his favorite young bands, saying "they are Led Zeppelin I" and describing Josh as "a beautiful little singer."[32]

text: Some of Jake's guitar influences include John Lee Hooker, Elmore James, Bert Jansch, Eric Clapton and Keith Richards.[33] Some of the drummers that inspired Danny are Carmine Appice, John Bonham, Mitch Mitchell and Michael Shrieve.[33] Sam's favorite bass player is Motown session bassist James Jamerson.[34]

text: Members[edit]

text: Current members[edit]

text:
Joshua "Josh" Kiszka – lead vocals (2012–present)
Jacob "Jake" Kiszka – lead guitar (2012–present)
Samuel "Sam" Kiszka – bass guitar, keyboards (2012–present)
Daniel "Danny" Wagner – drums (2013–present)[35]

tag: ul

text: Former member[edit]

text: Kyle Hauck – drums (2012–2013)[36][37]

text: Timeline[edit]

text: Discography[edit]

text: EPs[edit]

text:
Album
Details
Chart positions

US
[38]
US
Rock
[39]
US
Hard Rock
[40]
US
Heat
[41]
CAN
[42]
ITA
[43]
POL
[44]

Black Smoke Rising

Release: April 21, 2017
Label: Republic
Format: Digital download; CD; vinyl

182
30
10
2
—
—
—

From the Fires

Release: November 10, 2017
Label: Republic
Format: Digital download; CD

36
4
1
—
23
76
25

"—" denotes releases that did not chart

text: Singles[edit]

text:
List of singles, showing year released and album name

Year
Title
Peak chart positions
Album

US
Main.
Rock
[45]
US Alt.
[46]
US
Rock
[47]
US
Rock
Air.
[48]
US
AAA
[49]

2017
"Highway Tune"
1
34
21
12
39
Black Smoke Rising

"Safari Song"
1
—
25
12
—

2018
"Black Smoke Rising"
39
—
—
—
—

"—" denotes a release that did not chart.

text: Other charted songs[edit]

text:
List of other songs, showing year released and album name

Year
Title
Peak chart positions
Album

US
Dig.

US
Rock
[47]

2017
"Edge of Darkness"
15
38
From the Fires

"—" denotes a release that did not chart.

text: Music videos[edit]

text:
As lead artist

Title
Year
Director(s)

"Highway Tune"
2017
Ford Fairchild[50]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: Loudwire Music Awards

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2017
Greta Van Fleet
Best New Artist
Won[51]


document_title: Depeche Mode

question_text: where does the name depeche mode come from

question_tokens: where does the name depeche mode come from

text: Depeche Mode

text: History[edit]

text: Formation and debut album (1977–1981)[edit]

text: Depeche Mode's origins date to 1977, when schoolmates Vince Clarke and Andy Fletcher formed a Cure-influenced[7] band called No Romance In China, with Clarke on vocals and guitar and Fletcher on bass guitar. Fletcher would later recall, "Why am I in the band? It was accidental right from the beginning. I was actually forced to be in the band. I played the guitar and I had a bass; it was a question of them roping me in."[8] In 1979, Clarke played guitar in an "Ultravox rip-off band", The Plan, with friends Robert Marlow and Paul Langwith.[9] In 1978–79, Martin Gore played guitar in an acoustic duo, Norman and the Worms, with school friend Phil Burdett on vocals.[10] In 1979, Marlow, Gore and friend Paul Redmond formed a band called the French Look, with Marlow on vocals/keyboards, Gore on guitar and Redmond on keyboards. In March 1980, Clarke, Gore and Fletcher formed a band called Composition of Sound, with Clarke on vocals/guitar, Gore on keyboards and Fletcher on bass.

text: Soon after the formation of Composition of Sound, Clarke heard Wirral band Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark (OMD), whose output inspired him to make electronic music.[11][12] Along with OMD, other early influences included the Human League, Daniel Miller and Fad Gadget.[13] Clarke and Fletcher switched to synthesisers, working odd jobs in order to buy or borrow the instruments from friends. Dave Gahan joined the band in 1980 after Clarke heard him perform at a local scout hut jam session, singing a rendition of David Bowie's "Heroes",[14] and Depeche Mode were born. Gahan's and Gore's favorite artists included Sparks, Siouxsie and the Banshees,[15] Cabaret Voltaire, Talking Heads and Iggy Pop.[16]

text: When explaining the choice for the new name, taken from French fashion magazine Dépêche mode,[17] Gore said, "It means hurried fashion or fashion dispatch. I like the sound of that."[18] However, the magazine's name (and hence the band's) is "Fashion News" or "Fashion Update"[19] (dépêche, "dispatch," from Old French despesche/despeche or "news report," and mode or "fashion").

text: Gore recalled that the first time the band played as Depeche Mode was a school gig in May 1980.[20] There is a plaque commemorating the gig at the James Hornsby School in Basildon, where Gore and Fletcher were pupils. The band made their recording debut in 1980 on the Some Bizzare Album with the song "Photographic", later re-recorded for their debut album Speak & Spell.

text: The band made a demo tape but, instead of mailing the tape to record companies, they would go in and personally deliver it. They would demand the companies play it; according to Dave Gahan, "most of them would tell us to fuck off. They'd say 'leave the tape with us' and we'd say 'it's our only one'. Then we'd say goodbye and go somewhere else."[21]

text: According to Gahan, prior to securing their record contract, they were receiving offers from all the major labels. Phonogram offered them "money you could never have imagined and all sorts of crazy things like clothes allowances".[21]

text: While playing a live gig at the Bridge House in Canning Town,[22] the band were approached by Daniel Miller, an electronic musician and founder of Mute Records, who was interested in their recording a single for his burgeoning label.[23] The result of this verbal contract was their first single, "Dreaming of Me", recorded in December 1980 and released in February 1981. It reached number 57 in the UK charts. Encouraged by this, the band recorded their second single, "New Life", which climbed to number 11 in the UK charts and got them an appearance on Top of the Pops. The band went to London by train, carrying their synthesisers all the way to the BBC studios.

text: The band's next single was "Just Can't Get Enough". The synth-pop single became the band's first UK top ten hit. The video is the only one of the band's videos to feature Vince Clarke. Depeche Mode's debut album, Speak & Spell, was released in October 1981 and peaked at number ten on the UK album charts.[24] Critical reviews were mixed; Melody Maker described it as a "great album … one they had to make to conquer fresh audiences and please the fans who just can't get enough",[25] while Rolling Stone was more critical, calling the album "PG-rated fluff".[26]

text: Clarke departs, Wilder joins (1981–1982)[edit]

text: During the touring and promotion for Speak & Spell, Clarke privately[according to whom?] began to voice his discomfort at the direction the band was taking. He later expressed his dissatisfaction, saying "there was never enough time to do anything. Not with all the interviews and photo sessions".[27] In November 1981, Clarke publicly announced that he was leaving Depeche Mode.[28] It was also claimed[according to whom?] that Clarke was sick of touring, which Gahan said years later was "bullshit to be quite honest".[21] Gahan went on to say he "suddenly lost interest in it and he started getting letters from fans asking what kind of socks he wore".[21]

text: Soon afterwards, Clarke joined up with blues singer Alison Moyet to form Yazoo (or Yaz in the United States). Initial talk of Clarke's continuing to write material for Depeche Mode ultimately amounted to nothing. According to third-party sources, Clarke offered the remaining members of Depeche Mode the track "Only You", but they declined.[29] Clarke, however, denied in an interview that such an offer ever took place saying, "I don't know where that came from. That's not true."[30] The song went on to become a UK Top 3 hit for Yazoo. Gore, who had written "Tora! Tora! Tora!" and the instrumental "Big Muff" for Speak & Spell, became the band's main lyricist.[31]

text: In late 1981, the band placed an anonymous ad in Melody Maker looking for another musician: "Name band, synthesise, must be under twenty-one."[14] Alan Wilder, a classically trained keyboardist from West London, responded and, after two auditions and despite being 22 years old, was hired in early 1982, initially on a trial basis as a touring member.[32] Wilder would later be called the "Musical Director" of the band, responsible for the band's sound until his departure in 1995.[8] As producer Flood would say, "[Alan] is sort of the craftsman, Martin's the idea man and [Dave] is the attitude."[8]

text: In January 1982, the band released "See You", their first single without Clarke, which managed to beat all three Clarke-penned singles in the UK charts, reaching number six.[33] The following tour saw the band playing their first shows in North America. Two more singles, "The Meaning of Love" and "Leave in Silence," were released ahead of the band's second studio album, on which they began work in July 1982. Daniel Miller informed Wilder that he was not needed for the recording of the album, as the core trio wanted to prove they could succeed without Vince Clarke.[34] A Broken Frame was released that September, and the following month the band began their 1982 tour. A non-album single, "Get the Balance Right!," was released in January 1983, the first Depeche Mode track to be recorded with Wilder.[35]

text: Construction Time Again (1983)[edit]

text: For their third album, Construction Time Again, Depeche Mode worked with producer Gareth Jones, at John Foxx's Garden Studios and at Hansa Studios in West Berlin (where much of David Bowie's trilogy of seminal electronic albums featuring Brian Eno had been produced). The album saw a dramatic shift in the group's sound, due in part to Wilder's introduction of the Synclavier and E-mu Emulator samplers.[36] By sampling the noises of everyday objects, the band created an eclectic, industrial-influenced sound, with similarities to groups such as the Art of Noise and Einstürzende Neubauten (the latter becoming Mute labelmates in 1983).[37]

text: Along with the music, Gore's songwriting was also rapidly evolving,[according to whom?] focusing increasingly on political and social issues. A good example[according to whom?] of the new sound was on the first single from the album, "Everything Counts", a commentary on the perceived greed of multinational corporations.[38] In a retrospective review of the single, AllMusic journalist Ned Raggett wrote that the song marked a change in the band "with Martin Gore's songwriting abilities matched with an increasing ambition of the band as a whole."[39]

text: "Everything Counts" rose to number six in the UK, also reaching the top 30 in Ireland, South Africa, Switzerland, Sweden and West Germany.[citation needed] Wilder contributed two songs to the album, "The Landscape Is Changing" and "Two Minute Warning". In September 1983, to promote Construction Time Again, the band launched a European concert tour.

text: Some Great Reward and growing international success (1984–1985)[edit]

text: In their early years, Depeche Mode had only really attained success in Europe and Australia.[citation needed] This changed in March 1984, when they released the single "People Are People". The song became a hit, reaching No. 2 in Ireland and Poland, No. 4 in the UK and Switzerland, and No. 1 in West Germany — the first time a DM single topped a country's singles chart — where it was used as the theme to West German TV's coverage of the 1984 Olympics.[40] Beyond this European success, the song also reached No. 13 on the US charts in mid-1985, the first appearance of a DM single on the Billboard Hot 100, and was a Top 20 hit in Canada. "People Are People" has since become an anthem for the LGBT community, regularly played at gay establishments and gay pride festivals in the late 1980s.[41] Sire, the band's North American record label, released a compilation of the same name which included tracks from A Broken Frame and Construction Time Again as well as several B-sides.

text: On the American tour, the band was, according to Gore, "shocked by the way the fans were turning up in droves at the concerts".[21] He said that although the concerts were selling well, Depeche Mode struggled to sell records.[21]

text: In September 1984, Some Great Reward was released. Melody Maker claimed that the album made one "sit up and take notice of what is happening here, right under your nose."[42] In contrast to the political and environmental subjects addressed on the previous album, the songs on Some Great Reward were mostly concerned with more personal themes such as sexual politics ("Master and Servant"), adulterous relationships ("Lie to Me"), and arbitrary divine justice ("Blasphemous Rumours"). Also included was the first Martin Gore ballad, "Somebody" — such songs would become a feature of all following albums.[citation needed] "Somebody" was released as a double A-side with "Blasphemous Rumours," and was the first single with Gore on lead vocal. Some Great Reward became the first Depeche Mode album to enter the US album charts, and made the Top 10 in several European countries.[citation needed]

text: The World We Live In and Live in Hamburg was the band's first video release, almost an entire concert from their 1984 Some Great Reward Tour. In July 1985, the band played their first-ever concerts behind the Iron Curtain, in Budapest and Warsaw.[43] In October 1985, Mute released a compilation, The Singles 81→85 (Catching Up with Depeche Mode in the US), which included the two non-album hit singles "Shake the Disease" and "It's Called a Heart".

text: During this period, the band became associated with the goth subculture,[according to whom?] which had begun in Britain in the early-1980s, and was slowly gaining popularity in the United States. There, the band's music had first gained prominence on college radio and modern rock stations such as KROQ in Los Angeles, KQAK ("The Quake") in San Francisco, WFNX in Boston and WLIR on Long Island, New York, and hence they appealed primarily to an alternative audience who were disenfranchised with the predominance of "soft rock and 'disco hell'"[44] on the radio. This view of the band was in sharp contrast to how the band was perceived in Europe, despite the increasingly dark and serious tone in their songs.[45] In Germany, France, and other European countries, Depeche Mode were considered teen idols and regularly featured in European teen magazines, becoming one of the most famous synthpop bands in the mid-'80s.

text: Black Celebration (1986)[edit]

text: Depeche Mode's musical style shifted slightly again in 1986 with the release of their fifteenth single, "Stripped", and its accompanying album Black Celebration. Retaining their often imaginative sampling and beginning to move away from the "industrial pop" sound that had characterised their previous two LPs, the band introduced an ominous, highly atmospheric and textured sound. Gore's lyrics also took on a darker tone and became even more pessimistic.

text: The music video for "A Question of Time" was the first to be directed by Anton Corbijn, beginning a working relationship that continues to the present day. Corbijn has directed a further 20 of the band's videos (the latest being 2017's "Where's the Revolution.") He has also filmed some of their live performances, and designed stage sets, as well as most covers for albums and singles from Violator and onwards.

text: Music for the Masses and 101 (1987–1988)[edit]

text: 1987's Music for the Masses saw further alterations in the band's sound and working methods. For the first time a producer not related to Mute Records, Dave Bascombe, was called to assist with the recording sessions, although, according to Alan Wilder, Bascombe's role ended up being more that of engineer.[46] In making the album, the band largely eschewed sampling in favour of synthesizer experimentation.[47] While chart performance of the singles "Strangelove", "Never Let Me Down Again" and "Behind the Wheel" proved to be disappointing in the UK, they performed well in countries such as Canada, Brazil, West Germany, South Africa, Sweden and Switzerland, often reaching the top 10. Record Mirror described Music for the Masses as "the most accomplished and sexy Mode album to date".[48] The album also made a breakthrough in the American market.[citation needed]

text: The Music for the Masses Tour began 22 October 1987. On 7 March 1988, with no previous announcement that they would be the headlining act, Depeche Mode played in the Werner-Seelenbinder-Halle, East Berlin,[49] becoming one of the few Western groups to perform in the Communist East Germany. They also performed concerts in Budapest and Prague in 1988,[50] both at the time also Communist.

text: The world tour ended 18 June 1988 with a concert at the Pasadena Rose Bowl with paid attendance of 60,453,[51] the highest in eight years for the venue.[citation needed] The tour was a breakthrough for the band[citation needed] and a massive success[citation needed] in the United States. It was documented in 101 – a concert film by D. A. Pennebaker and its accompanying soundtrack album. The film is notable for its portrayal of fan interaction.[52][53] Alan Wilder is credited with coming up with the title, noting that the performance was the 101st and final performance of the tour.[54] On 7 September 1988, Depeche Mode performed "Strangelove" at the 1988 MTV Video Music Awards at the Universal Amphitheatre in Los Angeles.[55]

text: Violator and worldwide fame (1989–1991)[edit]

text: In mid-1989, the band began recording in Milan with producer Flood and engineer François Kevorkian. The initial result of this session was the single "Personal Jesus." Prior to its release, a marketing campaign was launched with advertisements placed in the personals columns of UK regional newspapers with the words "Your own personal Jesus." Later, the ads included a phone number one could dial to hear the song. The resulting furor helped propel the single to number 13 on the UK charts, becoming one of their biggest sellers to date; in the United States, it was their first gold single and their first Top 40 hit since "People Are People," eventually becoming the biggest-selling 12-inch single in Warner Records' history up to that point.[56]

text:
"I think in a way we've been at the forefront of new music; sort of chipping away at the standard rock format stations."

Martin Gore, stated to NME – July 1990.[57]

tag: div

text: Released in January 1990, "Enjoy the Silence" reached number six in the UK (the first Top 10 hit in that country since "Master And Servant"). A few months later in the US, it reached number eight and earned the band a second gold single. It won "Best British single" at the 1991 Brit Awards.[58] To promote their new album, Violator, the band held an in-store autograph signing at Wherehouse Entertainment in Los Angeles. The event attracted approximately 20,000 fans and turned into a near riot. Some who attended were injured by being pressed against the store's glass by the crowd.[59] As an apology to the fans who were injured, the band released a limited edition cassette tape to fans living in Los Angeles, distributed through radio station KROQ (the sponsor of the Wherehouse event).

text: Violator was the first Depeche Mode album to enter the Top 10 of the Billboard 200, reaching Number 7 and staying 74 weeks in the chart. It was certified triple platinum in America,[60] selling over 4.5 million units there. It remains the band's best selling album worldwide.[citation needed] Two more singles from the album — "Policy of Truth" and "World in My Eyes" — were hits in the UK, with the former also charting in the US.

text:
"I remember going to see them in Giants Stadium, and they broke the merchandising record; of Bon Jovi, U2 — all these bands — Depeche Mode were the biggest!."

Flood, on Giants Stadium concert.[61]

text: The World Violation Tour saw the band play several stadium shows in the US. 42,000 tickets were sold within four hours for a show at Giants Stadium, and 48,000 tickets were sold within half-an-hour of going on sale for a show at Dodger Stadium.[62] An estimated 1.2 million fans saw this tour worldwide.[8]

text: In 1991, Depeche Mode contribution "Death's Door" was released on the soundtrack album for the film Until the End of the World. Film director Wim Wenders had challenged musical artists to write music the way they imagined they would in the year 2000, the setting of the movie.

text: Songs of Faith and Devotion and Wilder's departure (1992–1995)[edit]

text: The members of Depeche Mode regrouped in Madrid in January 1992, Dave Gahan had become interested in the new grunge scene sweeping the U.S. and was influenced by the likes of Jane's Addiction, Soundgarden and Nirvana.[63]

text:
"There's so many sounds that are created from the voice that you wouldn't know were taken from the voice, like rhythm sounds. The number of times I've been sitting in the studio and said, 'I wish I could get a bass that would just go [mimics wet, thick hip-hop bass-drum sound].' Then I think, 'Why can't I just go [repeats noise] into a mic and sample it?' It's obvious; you spend all day trying to get a synthesizer to try and create this sound but you can just go [repeats noise] and you've got it. Then you can send it through some other device after that, and you've got something that sounds absolutely nothing like a voice, but the source was a voice. ... It is a very interesting process."

Alan Wilder on the genesis of some of the sounds on Songs of Faith and Devotion, stated to Pulse! magazine – May 1993.[8]

text: In 1993, Songs of Faith and Devotion, again with Flood producing, saw them experimenting with arrangements based as much on heavily distorted electric guitars and live drums (played by Alan Wilder, whose debut as a studio drummer had come on the Violator track "Clean") as on synthesizers.[64] Live strings, uilleann pipes and female gospel vocals were other new additions to the band's sound. The album debuted at number one in both the UK and the US, only the sixth British act to achieve such a distinction to date.[61] The first single from the album was the grunge-influenced "I Feel You". The gospel influences are most noticeable on the album's third single, "Condemnation". A symptom of the slow fracturing of the band,[citation needed] interviews given by the band during this period tended to be conducted separately, unlike earlier albums, where the band was interviewed as a group.[8]

text: The Devotional world tour followed, documented by a concert film of the same name. The film was directed by Anton Corbijn, and in 1995 earned the band their first Grammy nomination.[65] The band's second live album, Songs of Faith and Devotion Live, was released in December 1993.

text: The tour continued into 1994 with the Exotic Tour, which began in February 1994 in South Africa, and ended in April in Mexico. The final leg of the tour, consisting of more North American dates, followed shortly thereafter and ran until July. As a whole, the Devotional Tour is to date the longest and most geographically diverse Depeche Mode tour, spanning fourteen months and 159 individual performances. Q magazine described[when?] the 1993 Devotional Tour as "The Most Debauched Rock'n'Roll Tour Ever".[66]

text: Dave Gahan's heroin addiction was increasingly affecting his behaviour, causing him to become more erratic and introverted.[citation needed] Martin Gore experienced seizures,[citation needed] and Andy Fletcher declined to participate in the second half of the Exotic Tour due to "mental instability".[citation needed] During that period, he was replaced on stage by Daryl Bamonte, who had worked with the band as a personal assistant, since the beginning of their career in 1980.[67][68]

text: In June 1995, Alan Wilder announced that he was leaving Depeche Mode, explaining:

text: Since joining in 1982, I have continually striven to give total energy, enthusiasm and commitment to the furthering of the group's success, and in spite of a consistent imbalance in the distribution of the workload, willingly offered this. Unfortunately, within the group, this level of input never received the respect and acknowledgement that it warrants.[69]

text: He continued to work on his personal project Recoil, releasing a fourth album (Unsound Methods) in 1997. Following Wilder's departure, fans were sceptical of whether Depeche Mode would ever record again.[citation needed] Gahan's mental state and drug habit became a major source of concern,[according to whom?] with a near-fatal overdose at a hotel in Los Angeles.[citation needed]

text: Ultra (1996–2000)[edit]

text:
Depeche Mode "Barrel of a Gun" (1997)

30 second sample from Depeche Mode's "Barrel of a Gun".

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: Despite Gahan's increasingly severe personal problems, Gore tried repeatedly during 1995 and 1996 to get the band recording again. However, Gahan would rarely turn up to scheduled sessions, and when he did, it would take weeks to get any vocals recorded; one six-week session at Electric Lady in New York produced just one usable vocal (for "Sister of Night"), and even that was pieced together from multiple takes.[70] Gore was forced to contemplate breaking the band up and considered releasing the songs he had written as a solo album.[71] In mid-1996, after his near-fatal overdose, Gahan entered a court-ordered drug rehabilitation program to battle his addiction to cocaine and heroin.[72] With Gahan out of rehab in 1996, Depeche Mode held recording sessions with producer Tim Simenon.

text: Preceded by two singles, "Barrel of a Gun" and "It's No Good," the album Ultra was released in April 1997. The album debuted at No. 1 in the UK (as well as Germany), and No. 5 in the US. The band did not tour in support of the album, with Fletcher quoted as saying

text: We're not fit enough. Dave's only eight months into his sobriety, and our bodies are telling us to spend time with our families.[73]

text: As part of the promotion for the release of the album, they did perform two short concerts in London and Los Angeles, called "Ultra Parties."[74] Ultra spawned two further singles, "Home" and "Useless".

text: A second singles compilation, The Singles 86–98, was released in 1998, preceded by the new single "Only When I Lose Myself", which had been recorded during the Ultra sessions. In April 1998, Depeche Mode held a press conference at the Hyatt Hotel in Cologne to announce The Singles Tour.[75] The tour was the first to feature two backing musicians in place of Alan Wilder — Austrian drummer Christian Eigner and British keyboardist Peter Gordeno.

text: Exciter (2001–2004)[edit]

text: In 2001, Depeche Mode released Exciter, produced by Mark Bell (of techno group LFO). Bell introduced a minimalist, digital sound to much of the album, influenced by IDM and glitch. "Dream On", "I Feel Loved", "Freelove" and "Goodnight Lovers" were released as singles in 2001 and 2002. Critical response to the album was mixed, with reasonably positive reviews from some magazines (NME, Rolling Stone and LA Weekly), while others (including Q magazine, PopMatters, and Pitchfork) derided it as sounding underproduced, dull and lacklustre.[76]

text: In March 2001, Depeche Mode held a press conference at the Valentino Hotel in Hamburg to announce the Exciter Tour.[77] The tour featured 84 performances for over 1.5 million fans in 24 countries.[78] The concerts held in Paris at the Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy were filmed and later released in May 2002 as a live DVD entitled One Night in Paris.

text: In October 2002 the band won the first-ever Q magazine "Innovation Award".[79]

text: In 2003, Gahan released his first solo album, Paper Monsters, and toured to promote the record. Also released in 2003 was Gore's second solo album Counterfeit².[80] Fletcher founded his own record label, Toast Hawaii, specialising in promoting electronic music.

text: A new remix compilation album, Remixes 81–04, was released in 2004, featuring new and unreleased promo mixes of the band's singles from 1981 to 2004. A new version of "Enjoy the Silence," remixed by Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park, "Enjoy the Silence 04," was released as a single and reached No. 7 on the UK charts.

text: Playing the Angel (2005–2007)[edit]

text: In October 2005, the band released their 11th studio album Playing the Angel. Produced by Ben Hillier, the album peaked at No. 1 in 18 countries and featured the hit single "Precious". This is the first Depeche Mode album to feature lyrics written by Gahan and, consequently, the first album since 1984's Some Great Reward featuring songs not written by Gore. "Suffer Well" was the first ever post-Clarke Depeche Mode single not to be written by Gore (lyrics by Gahan, music by Philpott/Eigner). The final single from the album was "John the Revelator," an uptempo[citation needed] electronic track with a running religious theme, accompanied by "Lilian," a lush track[citation needed] that was a hit in many clubs all over the world.[citation needed]

text: To promote Playing the Angel, the band launched Touring the Angel, a concert tour of Europe and North America that began in November 2005 and ran for nine months. During the last two legs of the tour Depeche Mode headlined a number of festivals including the Coachella Valley Music and Arts Festival and the O2 Wireless Festival. In total, the band played to more than 2.8 million people across 31 countries and the tour was one of the highest grossing and critically acclaimed tours of 2005/06.[2] Speaking about the tour, Gahan praised it as "probably the most enjoyable, rewarding live shows we've ever done. The new material was just waiting to be played live. It took on a life of its own. With the energy of the crowds, it just came to life."[81] Two shows at Milan's Fila Forum were filmed and edited into a concert film, released on DVD as Touring the Angel: Live in Milan.[82]

text:
Depeche Mode "Precious" (2005)

23 second sample from Depeche Mode's "Precious".

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: A "best-of" compilation was released in November 2006, entitled The Best Of, Volume 1 featuring a new single "Martyr", an outtake from the Playing the Angel sessions. Later that month Depeche Mode received the MTV Europe Music Award in the Best Group category.[83]

text: In December 2006, iTunes released The Complete Depeche Mode as its fourth ever digital box-set.[84]

text: In August 2007, during promotion for Dave Gahan's second solo album, Hourglass, it was announced that Depeche Mode were heading back in studio in early 2008 to work on a new album.[85]

text: Sounds of the Universe (2008–2011)[edit]

text: In May 2008, the band returned to the studio with producer Ben Hillier to work on some songs that Martin Gore had demoed at his home studio in Santa Barbara, California. Later that year it was announced that Depeche Mode were splitting from their long-term US label, Warner Music, and signing with EMI Music worldwide.[86] The album was created in four sessions, two in New York and two in Santa Barbara. A total of 22 songs were recorded, with the standard album being 13 songs in length while many of the others were released in subsequent deluxe editions.[87]

text: On 15 January 2009, the official Depeche Mode website announced that the band's 12th studio album would be called Sounds of the Universe.[88] The album was released in April 2009, also made available through an iTunes Pass, where the buyer received individual tracks in the weeks leading up to official release date. Andy Fletcher says the idea for their iTunes Pass was a combination of the band's and iTunes': "I think the digital and record companies are starting to get their act together. They were very lazy in the first 10 years when downloads came in. Now they're collaborating more and coming up with interesting ideas for fans to buy products."[89] The album went to number one in 21 countries. Critical response was generally positive and it was nominated for a Grammy in the "Best Alternative Album" category.[90] "Wrong" was the first single from the album, released digitally in February 2009. Subsequent singles were "Peace" and the double A-side "Fragile Tension / Hole to Feed". In addition, "Perfect" was released as a promotional-only (non-commercial) single in the United States.

text: On 23 April 2009, Depeche Mode performed for the television program Jimmy Kimmel Live! at the famed corner of Hollywood Boulevard and Vine Street, drawing more than 12,000 fans, which was the largest audience the program had seen since its 2003 premiere, with a performance by Coldplay.[91]

text: In May 2009, the band embarked on a concert tour in support of the album — called Tour of the Universe; it had been announced at a press conference in October 2008 at the Olympiastadion in Berlin.[92] There was a warm up show in Luxembourg and it officially started on 10 May 2009 in Tel Aviv. The first leg of the tour was disrupted when Dave Gahan was struck down with gastroenteritis. During treatment, doctors found and removed a low grade tumour from the singer's bladder. Gahan's illness caused 16 concerts to be cancelled, but several of the shows were rescheduled for 2010.[93] The band headlined the Lollapalooza festival during the North American leg of the tour. The tour also took the band back to South America for the first time since 1994's Exotic Tour. During the final European leg, the band played a show at London's Royal Albert Hall in aid of the Teenage Cancer Trust, where former member Alan Wilder joined Martin Gore on stage for a performance of "Somebody".[94][95] In total the band played to more than 2.7 million people across 32 countries and the tour was one of the most profitable in America in 2009.[96][97] The concerts held at Palau Sant Jordi, Barcelona, Spain were filmed and later released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc release entitled Tour of the Universe: Barcelona 20/21.11.09.[98] In March 2010, Depeche Mode won the award for "Best International Group – Rock / Pop" at the ECHO Awards in Germany.[99]

text: On 6 June 2011, as the final commitment to their contract with EMI,[100] the band released a remix compilation album, entitled Remixes 2: 81–11 that features remixes by former members Vince Clarke and Alan Wilder.[101][102] Other remixers involved with the project were Nick Rhodes of Duran Duran,[103] Röyksopp, Karlsson & Winnberg of Miike Snow, Eric Prydz, Clark and more.[104] A new remix of "Personal Jesus" by Stargate, entitled "Personal Jesus 2011", was released as a single on 30 May 2011, in support of the compilation.

text: Depeche Mode contributed their cover of the U2 song "So Cruel" to the tribute album AHK-toong BAY-bi Covered honouring the 20th anniversary of Achtung Baby, a 1991 album by U2. The compilation CD was released with the December 2011 issue of Q Magazine.[105][106]

text: Delta Machine (2012–2014)[edit]

text: In October 2012 during a press conference in Paris, Dave Gahan, Martin Gore and Andy Fletcher announced plans for a new album and a 2013 worldwide tour starting from Tel Aviv and continuing in Europe and North America.[107] Martin Gore revealed that Flood mixed the album, marking the producer's first studio collaboration with the band since 1993's Songs of Faith and Devotion.

text: In December 2012, the band officially announced signing a worldwide deal with Columbia Records and releasing a new album in March 2013.[108] On 24 January 2013, it was confirmed that the album was titled Delta Machine.[109] "Heaven", the debut single from Delta Machine was released commercially on Friday 1 February 2013 (although not in the UK). The release date in the UK was pushed back to 18 March 2013 (17 March 2013 on iTunes). The physical release still bore the Mute Records logo, even though the band have now severed ties with their long standing label. Andy Fletcher mentioned in an interview this was due to their "devotion" to the label and with the band's insistence.

text: In March, the band announced North American dates to its Delta Machine summer tour, starting 22 August from Detroit and ending 8 October in Phoenix.[110] In June, other European dates[111] were confirmed for early 2014. The final gig of Delta Machine Tour took place in Moscow (Russia) on 7 March 2014, at Olimpiski venue.

text: That month, Depeche Mode won the award for "Best International Group – Rock / Pop" at the ECHO Awards in Germany. Also they were nominated at the category "Album des Jahres (national oder international)" for Delta Machine, but lost against Helene Fischer's Farbenspiel.[112][113]

text: On 8 October 2014, the band announced Live in Berlin, the new video and audio release filmed and recorded at the O2 World in Berlin, Germany in November 2013 during the Delta Machine Tour. It was released on 17 November 2014 worldwide.[114]

text: In a 2015 Rolling Stone interview celebrating the 25th anniversary of Violator, Martin Gore stated that Johnny Cash's cover of "Personal Jesus" is his favorite cover version of a Depeche Mode song.[115]

text: Spirit (2016–present)[edit]

text: On 25 January 2016, Martin Gore announced a projected return to the recording studio in April, with both Gore and Gahan having already written and demoed new songs.[116]

text: In September, the official Depeche Mode Facebook page hinted at a new release, later confirmed by the band to be a music video compilation, Video Singles Collection, scheduled for release in November by Sony.[117][118] In October 2016, the band announced that their fourteenth album, titled Spirit and produced by James Ford, would be released in spring 2017.[119] The group has also been nominated for the 2018 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.[120]

text: "Where's the Revolution," the lead single from Spirit, was released 3 February 2017, along with its lyric video. The official video was published a week later, on 9 February.[121] The Global Spirit Tour officially kicked off on 5 May 2017 with a performance in Stockholm, Sweden, at the Friends Arena. The first leg of the tour covered European countries only, ending with a final stadium show in Cluj-Napoca, Romania, at the Cluj Arena. The second leg of the tour covered North America and returned to Europe. The North America leg of the tour kicked off in Salt Lake City, Utah, on 23 August, at the USANA Amphitheatre. The band remained in North America until 15 November when they left for Dublin to resume the European leg. The band ended the tour in South America with a final show on 27 March 2018 in São Paulo, Brazil, at the Allianz Parque.[122][123]

text: Artistry[edit]

text: Depeche Mode drew its artistic influences from a wide range of artists and scenes, such as Kraftwerk,[124] David Bowie, The Clash,[125] Roxy Music and Brian Eno,[126] Elvis Presley, the Velvet Underground,[127] and blues.[128] Depeche Mode's music has mainly been described as synth-pop,[20][95][129][130][131][132] new wave,[101][129][133][134] electronic rock,[135][136][137][138] dance-rock[139][140] alternative rock,[132] and pop rock.[141] The band also experimented with various other genres throughout its career, including avant-garde, electronica, pop, soul, techno, industrial rock and heavy metal.[142]

text: Depeche Mode were considered a teen pop band during their early period in the UK, and interviewed in teen pop magazines such as Smash Hits.[143][144] Following the departure of Vince Clarke, their music began to take on a darker tone akin to that found in gothic rock, as Martin Gore assumed lead songwriting duties.[132] Gore's lyrics included themes such as sex, religion, and politics,[145] so much so that many[vague] labelled the band's lyrical and musical themes as dark and bleak.[citation needed] In response, Gore has stated he feels lyrical themes which tackle issues related to solitude and loneliness are a better representation of reality, whereas he finds "happy songs" fake and unrealistic.[146] At the same time, he asserts that the band's music contains "an element of hope."[147] The members of Depeche Mode are vegetarian.[148]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: Depeche Mode have released a total of 14 studio albums, 10 compilation albums, six live albums, eight box sets, 13 video albums, 71 music videos, and 54 singles. The band have sold over 100 million records worldwide.[2] Depeche Mode have had 50 songs in the UK Singles Chart, and one US and two UK number-one albums.[149] In addition, all of their studio albums have reached the UK Top 10 and their albums have spent over 210 weeks on the UK Charts.[150]

text: Music critic Sasha Frere-Jones claimed that "the last serious English influence was Depeche Mode, who seem more and more significant as time passes."[undue weight? – discuss][151] Depeche Mode have been nominated for five Grammy Awards; "Devotional" for Best Long Form Music Video, "I Feel Loved" and "Suffer Well", both for Best Dance Recording, Sounds of the Universe for Best Alternative Album and "Wrong" for Best Short Form Music Video. In addition, Depeche Mode have been honoured with a Brit Award for Enjoy the Silence in the Best British Single category, the first-ever Q Magazine Innovation Award, and an Ivor Novello Award for Martin Gore in the category of International Achievement.

text: Depeche Mode were called "the most popular electronic band the world has ever known" by Q magazine,[152] "one of the greatest British pop groups of all time" by The Sunday Telegraph,[153] and "the quintessential eighties techno-pop band" by Rolling Stone[130] and AllMusic.[129] They were ranked No. 2 on Electronic Music Realm's list of The 100 Greatest Artists of Electronic Music,[154] ranked No. 158 on Acclaimed Music's list of Top 1000 Artists of All Time[155] and Q Magazine included them on their list of "50 bands that changed the world".[3]

text: Influence[edit]

text: The dark themes and moods of Depeche Mode's lyrics and music have been enjoyed by several heavy metal artists, and the band are regarded as an influence on acts such as Marilyn Manson, and Deftones.[156] They have also been named as an influence on Detroit techno[132] and indie rock.[157]

text: Several other artist have cited the band as an influence, including: No Doubt,[158] the Pet Shop Boys,[159][160] Derrick May, Juan Atkins,[161] Hurts,[162] The Killers/Brandon Flowers,[162][163] Crosses,[162] Coldplay,[162] Lady Gaga,[162] Muse,[162] Chester Bennington and Mike Shinoda of Linkin Park,[164][165] Televizor,[166] the Crystal Method,[167] God Lives Underwater,[168] Mad at the World,[169] Raymond Herrera of Fear Factory,[170] Funeral for a Friend,[171] La Roux,[172] Gotye,[173] Rammstein,[156][174] Magne Furuholmen of a-ha,[175] Arcade Fire,[176] Nine Inch Nails,[132] Gary Numan,[177] Chvrches[178] and the Bloodhound Gang.[179]

text: Charity work[edit]

text: Depeche Mode have applied their celebrity and cultural longevity to help promote and raise funds for several notable charity endeavours. They lent their support to high-profile charities such as MusiCares, Cancer Research UK and the Teenage Cancer Trust. The band has also supported the Small Steps Project, a humanitarian organisation based in the United Kingdom, aiming to assist economically disadvantaged children into education.[180] Since 2010, Depeche Mode have partnered with Swiss watchmaker Hublot to support Charity: Water, aimed at the provision of clean drinking water in developing countries.[181] In 2014, the partnership hosted a gala and fundraiser at the TsUM building in Moscow, raising $1.4 million for the charity.[182]

text: Band members[edit]

text: Current members

text:
Andy Fletcher – keyboards, backing vocals, bass guitar (1980–present)
Martin Gore – keyboards, backing and lead vocals, guitars (1980–present)
Dave Gahan – lead vocals (1980–present)

text: Touring members

text:
Christian Eigner – drums, percussion (1997–present)
Peter Gordeno – keyboards, bass guitar, piano, backing vocals (1998–present)

text: Former members

text:
Vince Clarke – keyboards, lead and backing vocals, guitars (1980–1981)
Alan Wilder – keyboards, piano, drums, backing vocals (1982–1995; one-off show in 2010)

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Speak & Spell (1981)
A Broken Frame (1982)
Construction Time Again (1983)
Some Great Reward (1984)
Black Celebration (1986)
Music for the Masses (1987)
Violator (1990)
Songs of Faith and Devotion (1993)
Ultra (1997)
Exciter (2001)
Playing the Angel (2005)
Sounds of the Universe (2009)
Delta Machine (2013)
Spirit (2017)


document_title: Sue Ane Langdon

question_text: who played mary the nurse on andy griffith

text: Sue Ane Langdon

text: Biography[edit]

text: Early life[edit]

text: Langdon was born in Paterson, New Jersey to Albert G. Lookhoff (February 26, 1901 – May 1, 1938) and Grace (née Huddle; January 12, 1908 – November 21, 1980). Grace Lookhoff, an operatic soprano, studied music at Washington University in Saint Louis and Juilliard. Her opera performances, beginning with her New York debut in Lewisohn Stadium, included appearances with the Cleveland Orchestra, the Three Choirs Festival (Worcester, Massachusetts), the Coolidge Festival (Washington, D.C.), and the Saint Louis Municipal Opera. Grace's teaching career indicates a timeline of where her daughter grew up.

text:
1941–1947 – Instructor of Voice and director of the Vesper Choir, Coe College, Cedar Rapids, Iowa
1947–1951 – Instructor of Voice, Texas A&I, Kingsville

text: Sue Ane was enrolled at the University of North Texas. She was also briefly enrolled full-time at Idaho State University.[3]

text: Career[edit]

text: Langdon's film debut came in The Great Impostor (1961), starring Tony Curtis. Langdon went on to have leading roles in films such as The Rounders (1965), Hold On! (1966), A Guide for the Married Man (1967), A Man Called Dagger (1967), The Cheyenne Social Club (1970), and A Fine Madness (1966)[4] which led to her posing nude for Playboy magazine. In 1966, United Artists Pictures released Frankie and Johnny in which Langdon co-starred along with Elvis Presley, Donna Douglas and Harry Morgan. Her later films included The Evictors (1979), Without Warning (1980), Zapped! (1982), UHF (1989) and Zapped Again! (1990).

text: Langdon's first regular role on network series television came as the third actress to play Alice Kramden in Jackie Gleason's The Honeymooners sketches and shows. Preceded by Pert Kelton and Audrey Meadows and followed by Sheila MacRae and Meadows again, she shared a Life magazine cover with Gleason promoting his 1962 return to weekly variety television. A premature departure from the role following a brief four week run left her mark on the American Scene Magazine era of Gleason's career a small one at best. The press reported at the time "incompatible personality differences" between her and "The Great One". Four years later MacRae took over the role for the color, hour-long musical versions.[5]

text: Langdon was more frequently seen on the small screen in guest spot roles such as Kitty Marsh during the NBC portion (1959–1961) of Bachelor Father. The next year, she appeared twice on Rod Cameron's syndicated crime drama COronado 9. In 1961 she made her first of three appearances on Perry Mason as Rowena Leach in "The Case of the Crying Comedian". In 1962, she appeared as nurse Mary Simpson in an episode of CBS's The Andy Griffith Show. (Another actress, Julie Adams, also played Nurse Mary on the Griffith Show.) In another popular situation comedy, Langdon played a scatter-brained defendant on trial in a Dick Van Dyke Show episode called "One Angry Man."

text: Langdon made her second guest appearance on Perry Mason in 1964 as murder victim Bonnie in "The Case of the Scandalous Sculptor." Her third Perry Mason appearance was in the 1966 episode "The Case of the Avenging Angel" as Dorothy (Dotty) Merrill. Other guest appearances on TV programs included Gunsmoke, 77 Sunset Strip, Bourbon Street Beat, Room for One More, Mannix, Thriller, Bonanza, Ironside, McHale's Navy, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., Banacek, The Wild Wild West, Hart to Hart, Three's Company, The Love Boat, Happy Days and as herself on Rowan and Martin's Laugh In.

text: She co-starred in two television series in the 1970s. Arnie, a sitcom starring actor Herschel Bernardi, debuted in 1970 and aired for two seasons on CBS. Langdon portrayed Lillian Nuvo, the wife of a loading dock Forman turned corporate executive, and won a Golden Globe award for her performance. Grandpa Goes to Washington, an NBC hour-long comedy starring veteran actor Jack Albertson, featured Langdon as Rosie Kelley, the daughter-in-law of an over-65 maverick United States Senator. Premiering in 1978 opposite Happy Days and Laverne and Shirley, the top-rated block of shows at the time, her third attempt at weekly episodic television lasted four months. A final stab at her own series came in the ABC comedy When the Whistle Blows. A 1980 mid-season replacement, Langdon played Darlene Ridgeway, the owner of a saloon frequented by local construction workers. Another rare 60-minute comedy, it lasted ten weeks.

text: Langdon was presented one of the Golden Boot Awards in 2003 for her contribution to television and cinema westerns.

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Sue Ane Lookhoff married Jack Emrek (born Robert J. Hanusek; 1920–2010) on April 4, 1959 in Las Vegas, Nevada.[6] The couple remained married until his death on April 27, 2010 in Calabasas, California. Emrek was a motion picture, stage and television director.[7]


document_title: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (2000 film)

question_text: who plays the grinch in how the grinch stole christmas

text: Plot[edit]

text: All the Whos down in Whoville enjoy celebrating Christmas with much happiness and joy, except the Grinch (Jim Carrey), who hatefully resents Christmas and the Whos with great wrath and occasionally pulls dangerous and harmful practical jokes on them with a vengeance. As a result, no one likes or cares for the Grinch. Meanwhile, six-year-old Cindy Lou (Taylor Momsen) believes everyone is missing the point about Christmas by being more concerned about the gifts and festivities. After her two brothers are harassed by the Grinch when they trespass on his domain, and she herself has a face-to-face encounter with the Grinch at the post office, in which he saves her life, Cindy Lou becomes interested in his history. She then asks everyone what they know about him, and soon discovers that he has a tragic past.

text: The Grinch actually arrived in Whoville by mistake when he was a baby, and was adopted by two elderly sisters. Although he showed some sadistic tendencies as a child, he was rather timid and not the cruel, selfish person he would become. He was bullied by his classmates (particularly by Augustus May Who (Jeffrey Tambor), who grew up to be Mayor of Whoville) because of his appearance, with the exception of Martha May Whovier (Christine Baranski), who was courted by both the Grinch and May Who. One Christmas season when he was eight, the Grinch made a gift for Martha, but attempted to shave his face after being made fun of for having a "beard", cutting himself by accident. When his classmates saw his face covered with shaving tape the next morning, they ridiculed him. He lost his temper, went on a rampage and ran away to live on Mount Crumpit, a mountain to the north of Whoville.

text: Cindy Lou, touched by this story, decides to make the Grinch the main participant of the Whobilation, much to the great displeasure of Mayor May Who, who reluctantly agrees after pressure from the townspeople, who have been warmed by Cindy Lou's generous spirit. When Cindy Lou goes to Mount Crumpit and offers an invitation to the Grinch, he turns her down. He gradually changes his mind, however, due to the promise of an award, the presence of Martha at the celebration and the chance to upset the Mayor. Just as the Grinch is enjoying himself and is almost won over, May Who gives him an electric shaver as a present, reminding him of his awful humiliation at school. May Who then asks Martha to marry him, promising her a new car in return. In response, the Grinch openly berates the Whos and criticizes Christmas, claiming that the holiday is only about gifts that they will just dispose of later, in the hopes of making them too ashamed to celebrate the holiday. The Grinch then goes on to ruin the party by burning the Christmas tree with a makeshift flamethrower but his actions prove to be fruitless as the Whos have a spare tree, which the Grinch sees them erect before he leaves.

text: The Grinch, knowing that his attack has failed to remove the Whos' Christmas spirit, instead concocts a plan to steal all of their presents while they are sleeping. Creating a Santa suit and sleigh with his own dog, Max, as a "reindeer", the Grinch flies around Whoville, stealing all of the Whos' Christmas gifts. He is almost discovered by Cindy Lou, but lies to her in order to get away. On Christmas morning, the Whos discover the Grinch's scheme, and May Who blames Cindy Lou for the whole disaster. However, her father, Lou Lou Who (Bill Irwin), the Whoville postmaster, finally stands up to him and reminds everyone that they still have Christmas spirit, and that the principal meaning of Christmas is to spend it with family and friends. The people accept his speech and begin to sing. Hoping that the change of mood would inspire the Grinch, Cindy Lou goes to Mount Crumpit to find him.

text: The Grinch reveals that he intends to push the stolen gifts off the top of the mountain after he hears the Whos crying. However, instead of crying, he hears the joyful singing of the Whos. Infuriated over the failure of his plan, the Grinch has an epiphany about what Christmas is really about: not material gifts, but spending time with loved ones, an insight that profoundly touches him and causes his heart to grow to three times its original size. When the sleigh full of stolen gifts begins to go over the edge of the cliff, the Grinch desperately tries to save them to no avail. However, when he realizes that Cindy Lou has come to wish him a merry Christmas and is in danger of falling off the cliff with the sleigh, the Grinch finds enough strength to lift the sleigh, the gifts and Cindy Lou to safety. After a long descent down Mount Crumpit, the Grinch returns to Whoville with Cindy and the gifts. He confesses to the burglary, tearfully apologizes for his actions towards the Whos and surrenders himself to the police as they arrive, but the Whos reconcile with him, much to May Who's dismay. Martha turns down May Who's proposal and decides that she would rather stay with the Grinch instead. The redeemed Grinch starts a new life with the Whos, commemorating the Christmas feast with them in his cave.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Jim Carrey as the Grinch, a misanthropic green creature who despises Christmas and the Whos of Whoville. It is revealed in his origin story that he started to hate Christmas after his school classmates humiliated him when he tried to shave his face. Before Jim Carrey was cast to play the Grinch, Jack Nicholson and Eddie Murphy[3] were briefly considered.[citation needed]

Josh Ryan Evans as an 8-year-old Grinch; his humiliation at school by May Who is what drives him into a hatred of Christmas.

Taylor Momsen as Cindy Lou Who, a young Who who thinks the Christmas spirit in Whoville is lost. (In this version, she is six years old, whereas in the book in 1957 and TV special in 1966 by Chuck Jones she was "no more than two").
Jeffrey Tambor as Mayor Augustus May Who, Whoville's rude, arrogant, and judgmental mayor. He is revealed to be a school bully who picked on the young Grinch over his shaved face, which is what motivated the Grinch to hate Christmas in the first place. He also denounces the Grinch every chance he gets and wants to have a Grinch-less Christmas.

Ben Bookbinder as an 8-year-old Augustus May Who; he tormented the young Grinch, which then motivated the Grinch to hate Christmas.

Christine Baranski as Martha May Whovier, the Grinch's lifelong crush and the romantic interest of Mayor Who. She ultimately rejects the Mayor and chooses the Grinch.

Landry Allbright as an 8-year-old Martha May Whovier. She shows compassion towards the young Grinch.

Bill Irwin as Lou Lou Who, Cindy Lou's father and the postman of Whoville.
Molly Shannon as Betty Lou Who, Cindy Lou's mother and a rival to Martha May in a house-lighting contest.
Kelley as Max, who is the Grinch's pet dog and only companion on Mt. Crumpit. It is unknown how or when The Grinch got him.

Frank Welker as the voice of Max

Clint Howard as Whobris, the mayor's sycophantic aid.

Reid Kirchenbauer as an 8-year-old Whobris.

Mindy Sterling as Clarnella Who, one of the Grinch's childhood caretakers.
Jeremy Howard and T. J. Thyne as Drew Lou and Stu Lou Who, troublesome sons of Lou and Betty, and brothers to Cindy Lou.
Jim Meskimen as Officer Wholihan, the chief of police.
Bryce Dallas Howard as surprised Who.
Anthony Hopkins as the Narrator.

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was shot between September 1999 and January 2000. Dr. Seuss' wife, Audrey, visited the set in October 1999.[citation needed]

text: On September 26, 1998, it was announced that Ron Howard would direct and produce a 2000 American fantasy Christmas comedy film titled How the Grinch Stole Christmas or Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas (promoted theatrically as The Grinch) with Brian Grazer, and also with the budget of $123 million based on the 1957 story of the same name by Dr. Seuss, which would be released in theaters on November 17, 2000.

text: Jeffrey Price and Peter S. Seaman would write the film. It was also announced that the film would star Jim Carrey (who plays the title character), Josh Ryan Evans, Taylor Momsen, Jeffrey Tambor, Ben Bookbinder, Christine Baranski, Landry Allbright, Bill Irwin, Molly Shannon, Frank Welker, Clint Howard, Reid Kirchenbauer, Mindy Sterling, Bryce Dallas Howard, Jim Meskimen, Jeremy Howard, Kelley and T. J. Thyne with narration by Anthony Hopkins. Alec Berg, David Mandel and Jeff Schaffer did an uncredited rewrite of the script.[4]

text: Universal Pictures acquired distribution rights to the film. James Horner composed the music for the film. Imagine Entertainment co-produced the film.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
"Kids Today" – Jim Carrey and Taylor Momsen *
"Grinch 2000" – Busta Rhymes and Jim Carrey
"Green Christmas" – Barenaked Ladies
"Christmas of Love" – Little Isidore and the Inquisitors
"Lonely Christmas Eve" – Ben Folds
"Grinch Schedule" – Jim Carrey *
"Better Do It Right" – Smash Mouth
"Whoville Medley" (Perfect Christmas Night/Grinch) – Trans-Siberian Orchestra
"Reindeer" – Jim Carrey *
"Christmas Is Going to the Dogs" – The Eels
"You're a Mean One, Mr. Grinch" – Jim Carrey
"Christmas Means More" – Anthony Hopkins and Jim Carrey *
"You Don't Have to Be Alone" – *NSYNC
"Where Are You, Christmas?" – Faith Hill
"The Shape of Things to Come" – James Horner
"Memories of a Green Childhood" – James Horner +
"Christmas, Why Can't I Find You?" – James Horner and Taylor Momsen
"Stealing Christmas" – Anthony Hopkins, James Horner, Jim Carrey, and Taylor Momsen ~
"The Big Heist" – James Horner +
"Does Cindy Lou Really Ruin Christmas?" – James Horner +
"A Change of Heart" – James Horner +
"The Sleigh of Presents" – James Horner +
"He Carves the Roast Beast" – James Horner ^

tag: ol

text:
Legend:
*Dialogue
+ Instrumental
~ Includes Narration and Dialogue
^ Includes "Welcome Christmas"

text: Release[edit]

text: Dr. Seuss' How the Grinch Stole Christmas grossed $260.0 million domestically and $85.1 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $345.1 million, becoming the sixth highest-grossing film of 2000.

text: In the United States, The Grinch opened at number-one on its opening day, making $15.6 million, with a weekend gross of $55.0 million, for an average of $17,615 from 3,127 theaters. The film still holds the record for the highest opening weekend for a Christmas-themed film. In its second weekend, the film grossed $52.1 million, dropping only 5.1%, settling a new record for highest-grossing second weekend for any film. The film stayed at the top of the box office for four weekends, until it was overtaken by What Women Want in mid-December. The Grinch closed on April 30, 2001, after five months, with a final gross of $260,044,825.[1] Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 48.1 million tickets in North America.[5] The film was released on VHS and DVD on November 20, 2001. A Blu-ray/DVD combo pack was released on October 13, 2009.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Rotten Tomatoes gave the film an approval rating of 53%; the critical consensus reads, "Jim Carrey shines as the Grinch. Unfortunately, it's not enough to save this movie. You'd be better off watching the TV cartoon."[6] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 46 out of 100 based on 29 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[7]

text: Roger Ebert gave the film two out of four stars, referring to it as "a dank, eerie, weird movie about a sour creature" and said, "There should be...a jollier production design and a brighter look overall... It's just not much fun." Ebert observed that Carrey "works as hard as an actor has ever worked in a movie, to small avail." Nevertheless, he decided that "adults may appreciate Carrey's remarkable performance in an intellectual sort of way and give him points for what was obviously a supreme effort."[8]

text: Paul Clinton of CNN declared that Carrey "was born to play this role" and noted that "Carrey carries nearly every scene. In fact, if he's not in the scene, there is no scene.[9] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly began his review of the film analyzing the Grinch's "mischievously divided, now-I'm-calm/ now-I'm-a-raving-sarcastic-PSYCH-o! personality" and summed up Carrey's Grinch as "a slobby, self-loathing elitist ruled by the secret fear that he's always being left out of things." Gleiberman expressed surprise at "how affecting Carrey makes the Grinch's ultimate big-hearted turnaround, as Carrey the actor sneaks up on Carrey the wild-man dervish. In whichever mode, he carreys the movie."[10]

text: Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle said, "Nobody could play the Grinch better than Jim Carrey, whose rubbery antics and maniacal sense of mischief are so well suited to How the Grinch Stole Christmas. Dr. Seuss himself might have turned to Carrey as a model for the classic curmudgeon had the actor been around in 1957." However, he wondered why Carrey "made himself sound like Sean Connery" and warned that the character's intensity may frighten small children.[11] James Berardinelli of ReelViews wrote that Carrey's "off-the-wall performance is reminiscent of what he accomplished in The Mask, except that here he never allows the special effects to upstage him. Carrey's Grinch is a combination of Seuss' creation and Carrey's personality, with a voice that sounds far more like a weird amalgamation of Sean Connery and Jim Backus (Bond meets Magoo!) than it does Karloff." He concluded that Carrey "brings animation to the live action, and, surrounded by glittering, fantastical sets and computer-spun special effects, Carrey enables Ron Howard's version of the classic story to come across as more of a welcome endeavor than a pointless re-tread."[12]

text: Some reviews were more middling. Stephanie Zacharek of Salon, in a generally negative review of the film, wrote, "Carrey pulls off an admirable impersonation of an animated figure ... It’s fine as mimicry goes — but mimicry isn't the best playground for comic genius. Shouldn't we be asking more of a man who's very likely the most gifted comic actor of his generation?" She concluded that in spite of "a few terrific ad-libs [...] his jokes come off as nothing more than a desperate effort to inject some offbeat humor into an otherwise numbingly unhip, nonsensical and just plain dull story."[13]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety wrote, "Carrey tries out all sorts of intonations, vocal pitches and delivery styles, his tough guy posturing reminding at times of Cagney and his sibilant S's recalling Bogart. His antic gesturing and face-making hit the mark at times, but at other moments seem arbitrary and scattershot. Furthermore, his free-flowing tirades, full of catch-all allusions and references, are pitched for adult appreciation and look destined to sail right over the heads of pre-teens."[14]

text: Awards[edit]

text: The film garnered three Academy Award nominations, including Best Costume Design (Rita Ryack) and Best Art Direction (Michael Corenblith and Merideth Boswell), and nominees Rick Baker and Gail Rowell-Ryan won the Academy Award for Best Makeup. At the Golden Globes, Carrey was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy, losing the award to George Clooney for O Brother, Where Art Thou?.

text: It also won the Blimp Awards for Favorite Movie and Favorite Movie Actor at the 2001 Kids' Choice Awards. The film won a Saturn Award for Best Music. However, it was also nominated for two 2000 Golden Raspberry Awards for Worst Remake or Sequel and Worst Screenplay, but lost to Book of Shadows: Blair Witch 2 and Battlefield Earth respectively.[citation needed]