document_title: Ballers

question_text: who plays the rock's girlfriend on ballers

question_tokens: who plays the rock 's girlfriend on ballers

text: Ballers

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Dwayne Johnson as Spencer Strasmore, a retired NFL player turned financial manager[2]
Rob Corddry as Joe Krutel, a financial advisor at Anderson Financial who tries hard to fit in[2]
John David Washington as Ricky Jerret, a highly competitive and spiritual NFL player[2]
Omar Miller as Charles Greane, an affable former NFL player who is searching for his next career[2]
Donovan W. Carter as Vernon Littlefield, a deeply family-oriented NFL player[2]
Troy Garity as Jason Antolotti, a top-tier sports agent[2]
London Brown as Reggie, Vernon's childhood friend who handles his money
Jazmyn Simon as Julie Greane, wife of ex–NFL player Charles Greane[2]
Arielle Kebbel as Tracy Legette (season 2; recurring, season 1), a sportscaster for a local TV station who is intimately involved with Spencer[3]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Dulé Hill as Larry Siefert, the GM for the Miami Dolphins
Christopher McDonald as "Boss Man," an owner of the Dallas Cowboys
Anabelle Acosta as Annabella, girlfriend of Ricky Jerret[2]
Taylor Cole as Stephanie Michaels, an ESPN sideline reporter who is romantically involved with Spencer[2]
LeToya Luckett as Tina, widow to one of Spencer's closest friends[2]
Ella Thomas as Kara Cooley, Alonzo Cooley's Mother, and interior decorator to the pro athletes who is also involved with Ricky[2]
Antoine Harris as Alonzo Cooley, Ricky's passive-aggressive teammate
Taylour Paige as Theresa, Julie's sister
Sanai L. Johnson as Bey, daughter of Theresa
Richard Schiff as Brett Anderson, a.k.a. "The Old Man", owner of Anderson Financial Management
Clifton Collins, Jr. as Maximo Gomez, Angela Lee's lawyer
Angelina Assereto as Angela Lee, Maximo's client who was briefly involved with Spencer
Robert Wisdom as Dennis Jerret, Ricky's estranged father
Michael Cudlitz as Dan Balsamo, owner of Dan's Auto Collision and former Buffalo Bills running back who got hurt from Spencer's hard hit
Christine Allocca as Kerri Balsamo, Dan's wife
Carl McDowell as TTD, Ricky's pothead friend
Carmelo "Q" Oquendo as NFL Player
Stephanie Sandri as Herself, Jarrod Sandri's Wife
Terrell Suggs as himself
Jay Glazer as a fictional version of himself
Serinda Swan as Chloe Day, a smart hotel management executive[4]
Andy García as money management titan Andre Allen who has bad blood with Spencer
Steve Guttenberg as Wayne Hastings Jr.
Peter Berg as a fictional version of himself; Head Coach of the Miami Dolphins (seasons 1-3)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
June 21, 2015 (2015-06-21)
August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)

2
10
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)

3
10
July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)[5]

text: Season 1 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Peter Berg
Stephen Levinson
June 21, 2015 (2015-06-21)
2.16[6]

Former Miami Dolphins stand-out Spencer Strasmore and his friend Charles Greane must cope with the realities of life after football. Spencer starts working for a financial advisor, helping sign and mentor his younger friends still in the NFL, while Charles gets a job at a car dealership. Meanwhile, a mistake may cost Green Bay Packers wide receiver Ricky Jerret his roster spot when he's involved in an altercation at a nightclub.

2
2
"Raise Up"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
June 28, 2015 (2015-06-28)
1.85[7]

Spencer struggles to sign Vernon Littlefield as a client when he clashes with his childhood friend Reggie who handles all his money. Meanwhile, Jason works to renegotiate a contract extension for Vernon with the Dallas Cowboys, but has difficulties. During practice with his new Dolphins team, Ricky discovers that a teammate is not only unfriendly with him but is wearing his number. Now a struggling car salesman, Charles begins to wonder if he retired too early.

3
3
"Move the Chains"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
July 5, 2015 (2015-07-05)
1.70[8]

Spencer and Joe ask their boss, Mr. Anderson for permission to use his yacht to host a corporate event to entice potential clients. After a locker room prank goes too far, Ricky discovers the real reason his teammate, Alonzo, has it out for him. Charles grows bored with retirement and remembers his gridiron glory days. Meanwhile at the party, Spencer and Reggie's rivalry reaches a boiling point when he tries to ruin his hospitality by insulting Spencer's upbringing of being adopted.

4
4
"Heads Will Roll"
Julian Farino
Rob Weiss
July 12, 2015 (2015-07-12)
1.59[9]

In the aftermath of the corporate party, Joe struggles with a hangover and attempting to woo new clients on Mr. Anderson's yacht. Spencer is pressured to see a neurologist regarding his recurrent episodes from a TBI, while handling the conflict Reggie generates around Vernon's contract negotiations. Jason's dealings with the Dallas Cowboys bring in impressive figures that aren't enough for Reggie, and Vernon's inflated ego, and this puts Spencer on the line with their business and personal relationships. Also, Charles is bombarded by constant "sexting" from a woman he doesn't remember from the party.

5
5
"Machete Charge"
Seith Mann
Steve Sharlet
July 19, 2015 (2015-07-19)
1.64[10]

Spencer begrudgingly comes to Vernon's aid when he is targeted by a woman looking to blackmail him with some incriminating photos during the corporate event. However, her lawyer Maximo Gomez tells Joe his client wants a half million dollar pay-off. Meanwhile, Charles' marriage is on the rocks after Julie finds a picture of a nude woman on his cell phone, which he emailed to himself. On the advice of Annabella, Ricky tries to find common ground with Alonzo by taking him and his brothers to a strip club—his treat. But their spending gets out of hand and he comes up with a crazy plan to put a stop to it.

6
6
"Everything Is Everything"
John Fortenberry
Evan Reilly
July 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)
1.81[11]

Dealing with his own mental and financial problems, Spencer tries to balance Vernon and Ricky's issues, while Charles goes to Ricky's "funhouse" to escape the stress of his marriage. In order to drive Maximo's client, Angela Lee's price down, Joe negotiates with him on common ground at a horseracing track. Also, Ricky bears it all about the story behind his jersey number and his non-existent father during an interview with TV host Jay Glazer. Later, Spencer finally gives in to Tracy's concerns and gets an MRI.

7
7
"Ends"
Simon Cellan Jones
Rob Weiss
August 2, 2015 (2015-08-02)
1.56[12]

Spencer decides to take the hit for Vernon by offering up his own money to pay off Angela Lee into not releasing the photos. But when he and Joe meet Maximo to hand him the money, there's a catch. Life without Annabella is hard on Ricky, who flies off the handle in public again. Jason meets his mother's new young golfer boyfriend and thinks he is scamming her in order to represent him as his agent. Later, Spencer and Charles say goodbye to Rodney and spread his ashes onto his high school's football field.

8
8
"Gaslighting"
Simon Cellan Jones
Evan Reilly
August 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)
1.71[13]

Spencer must face up to his past with Angela Lee in order to save Vernon's future, and agrees to meet with her. Seeing the error of his promiscuous ways, Ricky tries to win back Bella, thinking a $400,000 "I'm sorry" ring will do it. Meanwhile, Charles puts his football skills to work at the car dealership when co-workers and customers bet he can't move an SUV in neutral. Also, Mr. Anderson gets a hold of the corporate event video and suspends Joe, who makes a permanent commitment to start his own financial firm.

9
9
"Head-On"
Julian Farino
Steve Sharlet
August 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)
1.57[14]

As Vernon's scandal gets cleared up, he learns about a negative incident involving Reggie. Joe reaches out to Mr. Anderson in vain and thinks he and Spencer should walk out on him. Spencer wrecks his car to try to make amends with a former player from his past. Ricky has a motivational video made for Charles, causing him to get back into football.

10
10
"Flamingos"
Julian Farino
Stephen Levinson & Evan Reilly
August 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)
1.40[15]

Spencer walks into his office finding his co-workers swarming, Joe's office destroyed (by Joe himself), and his office emptied. Spencer then is introduced to his new and considerably better office by Mr. Anderson. Mr. Anderson offers Spencer the lead role in the office's sports division, which has received a hefty 5 million dollar upgrade. Spencer feels odd because he doesn't want to turn on Joe but is given no choice but to accept. Vernon turns down the offer to his mega deal. Ricky's father approaches Ricky at camp. Spencer talks to Joe about Mr. Anderson firing Joe, and about running a company with him. Charles prepares for the new baby and gets called saying he will be a member of the Dolphins this season. Ricky talks to his father about life. Vernon is found by Spencer and Jason taking pictures of Flamingos where they talk about the deal Vernon did not want, but now gets excited about it and Spencer feels it's done. Spencer talks to Mr. Anderson about firing Joe. Charles witnesses the Dolphins camp entrance and gets sick. Ricky enters extravagantly. Spencer meets Joe in Coral Gables. Joe introduces Spencer many ideas of a new company involving the two. Spencer tells Joe he can't do it. Charles and Ricky enter camp as good teammates but are still unproven. Spencer tells Mr. Anderson he can't work with him without Joe. Spencer tells Joe about the meeting, Joe joins in with Spencer. Reggie apologizes to Spencer. Spencer, Joe, Vernon, Reggie, and Jason celebrate Vernon's contract.

text: Season 2 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"Face of the Franchise"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
1.59[16]

Convinced to appear on a talk show, Spencer ends up facing off with an old adversary, which puts his company and reputation in jeopardy. A reformed Ricky gets bad news in advance of his 30th birthday party. Charles relishes his new status as a fan favorite, but may face changes on the field.

12
2
"Enter the Temple"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
July 24, 2016 (2016-07-24)
1.28[17]

Spencer makes a play to poach a big client from Andre, his business rival, while struggling to find a quick fix for his physical ailments. Ricky considers where to head to next. Reggie fights for what he believes Vernon owes him. Feeling underpaid and undervalued, Tracy takes a stand with her boss. Charles gets insights from his coach.

13
3
"Elidee"
Julian Farino
Steve Sharlet
July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)
1.27[18]

Spencer advises a reluctant Vernon to stay quiet when the truth behind his injury threatens his career. Trying to stave off Andre's attacks on their business, Spencer and Joe butt heads over how best to advise a client. Charles worries whether he's up for a challenge. A hard-to-impress Ricky takes a trip to tour a potential new home.

14
4
"World of Hurt"
Julian Farino
Rob Weiss
August 7, 2016 (2016-08-07)
1.14[19]

Spencer and Joe search for Andre's weakness; Vernon anxiously awaits news; Jason woos a client; Ricky attempts to understand his father; Charles gets the truth from Siefert.

15
5
"Most Guys"
Simon Cellan Jones
Neena Beber & Evan Reilly
August 14, 2016 (2016-08-14)
1.21[20]

Spencer tries to mentor Travis while dodging unwelcome medical news; Reggie and How buy a wild gift in an attempt to cheer up Vernon; Ricky encourages Charles to stand up for himself.

16
6
"Saturdaze"
Simon Cellan Jones
Rob Weiss
August 21, 2016 (2016-08-21)
1.32[21]

Spencer tries to broker peace between Travis and a critic; Charles is forced to deliver bad news.

17
7
"Everybody Knows"
Simon Cellan Jones
Rashard Mendenhall & Zach Robbins
August 28, 2016 (2016-08-28)
1.01[22]

Andre's surprise visit to the office sends Spencer scrambling to stay one step ahead of his rival. Meanwhile, Joe learns some unsavory secrets about his partner; Ricky tries to make up with his dad; and Charles schemes to keep a friend nearby.

18
8
"Laying in the Weeds"
Simon Cellan Jones
Steve Sharlet
September 11, 2016 (2016-09-11)
0.87[23]

As Spencer tries to move forward, Joe works to keep things together. Charles and Ricky clash. Travis faces tough questions and worries about his prospects. At his Draft Day party, Spencer asks for help while trying to keep ASM's latest developments quiet.

19
9
"Million Bucks in a Bag"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly & Steve Sharlet
September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)
1.00[24]

Spencer gets a surprising offer from Andre and asks Vernon for 5 million dollars; Ricky mulls where to put down roots; Vernon works overtime to return to the field; Charles and Julie clash over his busy schedule.

20
10
"Game Day"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly & Steve Sharlet
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
1.10[25]

Spencer makes a last-ditch effort to get back what he's lost. Ricky awaits a call that could define his future. Vernon takes a road trip. Siefert offers Charles a big opportunity, but it comes at a cost.

text: Season 3 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

21
1
"Seeds of Expansion"
Julian Farino
Rob Weiss
July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)
2.48[26]

After a pickup basketball game between the guys, Ricky tells Spencer he's might be a father, but the woman isn't talking to him. Ricky later visits this woman, who's name is Amber, and make love after a brief fight. Amber reveals to Ricky she is pregnant. Back at the office, Spencer and Joe talk about how they're going to repay their debts by possibly signing Steph Curry, but those plans are put on hold because Mr. Anderson is having dinner with Wayne Hastings Jr. (Steve Guttenberg) instead, a far wealthier casino magnate in Las Vegas. Spencer agrees with Mr. Anderson that if Spencer can close Hastings, Anderson will close Curry. (It's assumed Spencer's registration was approved by Eddie George which propelled the firm to massive expansion, it's formally revealed in a later episode.) Spencer, pondering what Ricky said, visits a doctor and talks to her about his prospects of being a father. She recommends him to a doctor at a fertility clinic. Spencer goes to the clinic, but leaves because of other business, and reconnects with Joe. At the Dolphins front office, Charles learns Siefert fired their offensive coordinator, and Siefert forces Charles to hold the press conference, which doesn't go well until he's bailed out by Larry Csonka. At the dinner, Wayne and Spencer meet. Wayne is impressed by Spencer and the company when he talks about his humble beginnings in a toast. Wayne and Spencer eventually meet alone outside, and after being asked by Spencer, Wayne loves the idea of bringing a football team to Vegas.

22
2
"Bull Rush"
David Katzenberg
Evan Reilly
July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
2.58[27]

Joe gets a phone call from an angry Dallas Cowboys owner, and he learns Vernon and Reggie are involved with a weed company. Joe demands to speak to them, but is urged by Virginia to speak with Kisan Teague, a standout running back with off-field issues. Joe refuses until he learns Kisan is in the office, who demands a new agent. Joe puts him through to Jason. Joe eventually meets with Reggie. Joe says he knows a contact with a virtual reality company, but Reggie dismisses it because High Powered has already given him a return on investment. Reggie and Vernon then take a controversial photoshoot. Meanwhile, Charles gets tips from Julie about his press conference blunders. Charles gets tips from Jay Glazer about problems of being in the Dolphins front office. Ricky and Spencer arrive in Vegas. Spencer catches up with Cris Carter and Chloe, the latter being an old flame who now works for Wayne. Ricky and TTD go to the craps table and eventually play with Travis Scott and Carter. Ricky's early wins turn into massive losses ($2,000,000) when he doesn't walk away. Spencer plays golf with the mayor of Las Vegas, and reveals he's fond of the city because it's where he spent his offseasons working out and conditioning as a player. She likes his idea and passion, but says he will have trouble convincing a Councilman to sway the committee to fund the stadium with public money, so she arranges a dinner for them to meet. Spencer reconnects with Chloe and they have sex. Spencer then haves dinner with the Councilman, who dismisses Spencer by calling him a tourist. Spencer claims he'll show the Councilman a tourist, and texts Chloe. Jason tries to meet Kisan in a bad neighborhood and gets robbed. He then confronts Kisan, but Kisan takes him on a ride. Kisan knows the robber and confronts him in front of Jason. Jason respects Kisan and they agree to a partnership. Spencer takes the Councilman to the Motorcross event, where he's put on the Jumbotron. Spencer goes down on the field and entertains the fans by driving a monster truck, which he crashes. He gets out unscathed, and reveals his intentions to bring football to Vegas to the fans, to a roaring applause. The Councilman is convinced.

23
3
"In the Teeth"
David Katzenberg
Carter Harris
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
2.28[28]

Spencer encounters resistance to his Las Vegas expansion initiative; Joe takes a detour with Reggie; Jason blasts Kisan for his lack of transparency; Charles bristles over Larry's failure to give him credit for a lineman he landed.

24
4
"Ride and Die"
David Katzenberg
Rob Weiss
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
2.48[29]

Spencer and Joe race against the clock in a desperate attempt to score a key owner's blessing to bring professional football to Las Vegas; spurned by his new teammates, Ricky stages his own private workout; Vernon looks for a second chance.

25
5
"Make Believe"
Chloe Domont
Evan Reilly
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
2.36[30]

26
6
"I Hate New York"
Millicent Shelton
Steve Sharlet
August 27, 2017 (2017-08-27)
2.85[31]

27
7
"Ricky-Leaks"
Rob Weiss
Rob Weiss
September 3, 2017 (2017-09-03)
0.99[32]

28
8
"Alley-Oops"
David Katzenberg
Rashard Mendenhall
September 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)
0.93[33]

29
9
"Crackback"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly & Steve Sharlet
September 17, 2017 (2017-09-17)
0.93[34]

30
10
"Yay Area"
Julian Farino
Evan Reilly
September 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)
0.99[35]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: The series premiered in the U.S. on HBO on June 21, 2015,[6] in Canada on June 21, 2015 on HBO Canada, in the United Kingdom on September 8, 2015 on Sky Atlantic,[36] and in Australia on September 15, 2015 on Showcase.[37]

text: The second season premiered on July 17, 2016 and a third on July 23, 2017.[38][39] On August 8, 2017, HBO picked up Ballers for a fourth season, which is set to premiere in 2018.[40]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Season 1[edit]

text: The first season of Ballers received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes the season has a rating of 80%, based on 45 reviews, with an average rating of 6.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Ballers may not be a game-changer, but it scores points with Dwayne 'The Rock' Johnson, who brings charm and depth to the NFL version of Entourage."[41] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 65 out of 100, based on 30 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[42]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes the season has a rating of 57%, based on 7 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10.[43] On Metacritic, the season has a score of 63 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[44]


document_title: Color in Chinese culture

question_text: what does the color red mean on new years

root

text: Color in Chinese culture

text: Theory of the Five Elements[edit]

text: In traditional Chinese art and culture, black, red, qing (青) (a conflation of the idea of green and blue), white and yellow are viewed as standard colors. These colors correspond to the five elements of water, fire, wood, metal and earth, taught in traditional Chinese physics. Throughout the Shang, Tang, Zhou and Qin dynasties, China's emperors used the Theory of the Five Elements to select colors.

tag: p

text:
Element
Wood
Fire
Earth
Metal
Water

Color
Green/blue
Red
Yellow
White
Black

Direction
east
south
center
west
north

Planet
Jupiter
Mars
Saturn
Venus
Mercury

Heavenly creature
Azure Dragon
青龍
Vermilion Bird
朱雀
Winged Snake
螣蛇
White Tiger
白虎
Black Tortoise
玄武

Heavenly Stems
甲, 乙
丙, 丁
戊, 己
庚, 辛
壬, 癸

Phase
New Yang
Full Yang
Yin/Yang balance
New Yin
Full Yin

Energy
Generative
Expansive
Stabilizing
Contracting
Conserving

Season
Spring
Summer
Change of seasons
(Every third month)
Autumn
Winter

Climate
Windy
Hot
Damp
Dry
Cold

Development
Sprouting
Blooming
Ripening
Withering
Dormant

Livestock
dog
sheep/goat
cattle
chicken
pig

Fruit
plum
apricot
jujube
peach
chestnut

Grain
wheat
beans
rice
hemp
millet

tag: table

text: Black[edit]

text: Black, corresponding to water, is a neutral colour. The I Ching, or Book of Changes, regards black as Heaven's color. The saying "heaven and earth of mysterious black" was rooted in the observation that the northern sky was black for a long time. They believed Tian Di, or Heavenly Emperor, resided in the North Star.

text: The Taiji symbol uses black and white to represent the unity of yin and yang. Ancient Chinese people regarded black as the king of colors and honored black more consistently than any other color. Lao Zi said that five colors make people blind, so the Dao School chose black as the color of the Dao.

text: In modern China, black is used in daily clothing. White is associated with death and mourning and was formerly worn at funerals, but depends on the age of passing.

text: Red[edit]

text: Red, corresponding with fire, symbolizes good fortune and joy. Red is found everywhere during Chinese New Year and other holiday celebrations and family gatherings. A red envelope is a monetary gift which is given in Chinese society during holiday or special occasions. The red color of the packet symbolizes good luck. Red is strictly forbidden at funerals as it is a traditionally symbolic color of happiness;[1] however, as the names of the dead were previously written in red, it may be considered offensive to use red ink for Chinese names in contexts other than official seals.

text: In modern China, red remains a very popular color and is affiliated with and used by the Government.

text: Green[edit]

text: Generally green is associated with health, prosperity, and harmony. Green is also the color of jade. Separately, green hats are associated with infidelity and used as an idiom for a cuckold.[2] This has caused uneasiness for Chinese Catholic bishops, who in ecclesiastical heraldry would normally have a green hat above their arms. Chinese bishops have compromised by using a violet hat for their coat of arms. Sometimes this hat will have an indigo feather to further display their disdain for the color green.

text: White[edit]

text: White, corresponding with metal, represents gold and symbolises brightness, purity, and fulfilment. White is also the color of mourning. It is associated with death and is used predominantly in funerals in Chinese culture.[3] Ancient Chinese people wore white clothes and hats only when they mourned for the dead.

text: Yellow[edit]

text: Yellow, corresponding with earth, is considered the most beautiful and prestigious color. The Chinese saying, Yellow generates Yin and Yang, implies that yellow is the center of everything. Associated with but ranked above brown, yellow signifies neutrality and good luck. Yellow is sometimes paired with red in place of gold.

text: Yellow was the emperor's colour in Imperial China and is held as the symbolic color of the five legendary emperors of ancient China. Yellow often decorates royal palaces, altars and temples, and the color was used in the robes and attire of the emperors.

text: Yellow also represents freedom from worldly cares and is thus esteemed in Buddhism. Monks' garments are yellow, as are elements of Buddhist temples. Yellow is also used as a mourning color for Chinese Buddhists.

text: Yellow is also symbolic of heroism, as opposed to the Western association of the colour with cowardice.[3]

text: Yellow also means pornography in modern Chinese. For example, yellow movie (黄片) means blue movie, decimates yellow (扫黄) means wipe out pornography.


document_title: Public Provident Fund (India)

question_text: what is the rate of interest in ppf

question_tokens: what is the rate of interest in ppf

text: Public Provident Fund (India)

text: Eligibility[edit]

text: Individuals who are residents of India are eligible to open their account under the Public Provident Fund, and are entitled to tax-free return later.

text: Investment and returns[edit]

text: A minimum yearly deposit of Rs. 500 is required to open and maintain a PPF account.  A PPF account holder can deposit a maximum of Rs 1.5 lacs in his/her PPF account (including those accounts where he is the guardian) per financial year. There must be a guardian for PPF accounts opened in the name of minor children. Parents can act as guardians in such PPF accounts of minor children. Any amount deposited in excess of Rs 1.5 lacs in a financial year won't earn any interest. The amount can be deposited in lump sum or in a maximum of 12 installments per year. However, this does not mean a single deposit once in a month.

text: The Ministry of Finance, Government of India announces the rate of interest for PPF account every quarter. The current interest rate effective from 1 January 2018 is 7.6% Per Annum' (compounded annually). Interest will be paid on 31 March every year. Interest is calculated on the lowest balance between the close of the fifth day and the last day of every month.

text: Interest rates[edit]

text:
Period

Interest Rate

2014 - March 2016

8.7%

text:
Quarter

Interest Rate

April 2016 - June 2016[3]

8.1%

July 2016 - September 2016[4]

8.1%

October 2016 - December 2016[5]

8.0%

January 2017 - March 2017

8.0%

text:
Quarter

Interest Rate

April 2017 - June 2017[6]

7.9%

July 2017 - September 2017[7]

7.8%

October 2017 - December 2017

7.8%

January 2018 - March 2018

7.6%

text:
Quarter

Interest Rate

April 2018 - June 2018[8]

7.6%

July 2018 - September 2018[9]

7.6%
<October 2018 - December 2018

>

text: Duration of scheme[edit]

text: Original duration is 15 years. Thereafter, on application by the subscriber, it can be extended for 1 or more blocks of 5 years each.

text: PPF maturity options[edit]

text: Subscriber has 3 options once the maturity period is over.[10]

text:
Complete withdrawal'
Extend the PPF account with no contribution – PPF account can be extended after the completion of 15 years, subscriber doesn’t need to put any amount after the maturity. This is the default option meaning if subscriber doesn't take any action within one year of his PPF account maturity this option activates automatically. Any amount can be withdrawn from the PPF account if the option of extension with no contribution is chosen. Only restriction is only one withdrawal is permitted in a financial year. Rest of the amount keeps earning interest.
Extend the PPF account with contribution - With this option subscriber can put money in his PPF account after extension. If subscriber wants to choose this option then he needs to submit Form H in the bank where he is having a PPF account within one year from the date of maturity (before the completion of 16 yrs in PPF). With this option subscriber can only withdraw maximum 60% of his PPF amount (amount which was there in the PPF account at the beginning of the extended period) within the entire 5 yrs block. Every year only a single withdrawal is permitted.

tag: ol

text: Loans[edit]

text: Loan facility available from 3rd financial year up to 5th financial year. The rate of interest charged on loan taken by the subscriber of a PPF account on or after 01.12.2011 shall be 2% more than the prevailing interest on PPF. However, the rate of interest of 1% more than PPF interest p.a. shall continue to be charged on the loans already taken or taken up to 30.11.2013.

text: Up to a maximum of 25 per cent of the balance at the end of the 2nd immediately preceding year would be allowed as loan. Such withdrawals are to be repaid within 36 months.

text: A second loan could be availed as long as you are within the 3rd and before the 6th year, and only if the first one is fully repaid. Also note that once you become eligible for withdrawals, no loans would be permitted. Inactive accounts or discontinued accounts are not eligible for loan.

text: Features[edit]

text: The public provident fund is established by the central government. One can voluntarily open an account with any nationalized bank,selected authorized private bank or post office. The account can be opened in the name of individuals including minor.

text:
The minimum amount is Rs.500 which can be deposited.
The rate of interest at present is 7.6% per annum, which is also tax-free.
The entire balance can be withdrawn on maturity.
Interest received is tax free.
The maximum amount which can be deposited every year is Rs. 1,50,000 in an account at present.
The interest earned on the PPF subscription is compounded annually.
All the balance that accumulates over time is exempted from wealth tax.
Moreover, it has low risk – risk attached is Government risk. PPF is available at post offices and banks.

text: Withdrawals from PPF account[edit]

text: There is a lock-in period of 15 years and the money can be withdrawn in full after its maturity period. However, pre-mature withdrawals can be made from the start of the seventh financial year. The maximum amount that can be withdrawn pre-maturely is equal to 50% of the amount that stood in the account at the end of 4th year preceding the year in which the amount is withdrawn or the end of the preceding year whichever is lower.

text: After 15 years of maturity, full PPF amount can be withdrawn and all is tax free, including the interest amount as well.

text: Nomination[edit]

text: Nomination facility is available in the name of one or more persons. The shares of nominees may also be defined by the subscriber.

text: PPF defaults and revival[edit]

text: If any contribution of minimum amount in any year is not invested, then the account will be deactivated. To activate the bearer needs to pay Rs.50 as penalty for each inactive year. He/she also needs to deposit Rs.500 each as each inactive year’s contribution.

text: In case death of account holder then the balance amount will be paid to his nominee or legal heir even before 15 years. Nominees or legal heirs are not eligible to continue the account of the deceased.

text: If balance amount in the account of a deceased is higher than Rs.1,50,000 then the nominee or legal heir has to prove the identity to claim the amount

text: Premature closure of PPF account[edit]

text: The Public Provident Fund (Amendment) Scheme, 2016 made changes in Paragraph 9, for sub-rule 3(C) of Public Provident Fund Scheme, 1968 to facilitate the premature closure of PPF Account.[11] Premature closure of PPF account is permitted after completion of 5 years for medical treatment of family members and for higher education of PPF account holder. However, premature closure comes with an interest rate penalty of 1%.

text: Transfer of account[edit]

text: The account can be transferred to other branches/ other banks or Post Offices and vice versa upon request by the subscriber. The service is free of charges.

text: Step 1 – Approach the bank or post office branch where the PPF account is held and ask for the form for making the transfer. The bank or post office will provide you with a form which is to be filled.

text: Step 2 – The existing bank will then forward the certified copy of the account, the account opening application, nomination form, and specimen signature. It will also forward the cheque/dd for the outstanding amount in the PPF account to the new bank at the branch specified by the customer.

text: Step 3 – Once your bank receives these documents, the bank will inform you and ask you to submit a new PPF account opening form along with the old PPF passbook. You can also provide nominations for this new account. You will also be required to submit the KYC documents.

text: Step 4 – If you hold an internet banking facility with your bank, after a few weeks, check that the transferred PPF account now shows up under the PPF account tab/link in your login. If that is not the case, inquire the local bank branch.

text: PPF tax concessions[edit]

text: Annual contributions qualify for tax deduction under Section 80C of income tax. The tax benefit is capped at Rs 1.5 lacs per financial year. Contributions to PPF accounts of the spouse and children are also eligible for tax deduction.

text: PPF falls under EEE (Exempt,Exempt,Exempt) tax basket. Contribution to PPF account is  eligible for tax benefit under Section 80C of the Income Tax Act. Interest earned is exempt from income tax and maturity proceeds are also exempt from tax.


document_title: Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution

question_text: when was the last time the 25th amendment was used

text: Text[edit]

text: Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

text: Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

text: Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

text: Section 4. Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.

text: Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.[3]

text: Background[edit]

text: Article II, Section 1, Clause 6 of the Constitution states:

text: In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

text: That clause was unclear regarding Presidential succession and inability; it did not state who had the power to declare a President incapacitated.[1] Also, it did not provide a mechanism for filling a Vice Presidential vacancy before the next Presidential election. The vagueness of this clause caused difficulties many times before the Twenty-fifth Amendment's adoption:

text:
In 1841, President William Henry Harrison became the first U.S. President to die in office. Representative John Williams had previously suggested that the Vice President should become Acting President upon the death of the President.[4] John Tyler asserted that he had succeeded to the presidency, as opposed to only obtaining its powers and duties. He also declined to acknowledge documents referring to him as "Acting President". Although he felt his vice presidential oath negated the need for the presidential oath, Tyler was persuaded that being formally sworn-in would clear up any doubts about his right to the office. Having done so, he then moved into the White House and assumed full presidential powers. Tyler's claim was not formally challenged, and both houses of Congress adopted a resolution confirming that Tyler was the tenth President of the United States, without any qualifiers. The precedent of full succession was thus established.[5] This became known as the "Tyler Precedent".
There had been occasions when a President was incapacitated. For example, following Woodrow Wilson's stroke no one officially assumed the Presidential powers and duties, in part because the First Lady, Edith Wilson, together with the White House Physician, Cary T. Grayson, covered up President Wilson's condition.[1][6]
The office of Vice President had been vacant sixteen times due to the death or resignation of the Vice President or his succession to the presidency.[1] For example, there was no Vice President for nearly four years after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. During the impeachment of Andrew Johnson there was no Vice President to succeed him. At that time, the Presidential Succession Act of 1792 provided that the President pro tempore of the Senate would succeed Johnson if he was removed from office.[7] Had the impeachment trial of Andrew Johnson resulted in Johnson being removed from office, Senator Benjamin Wade, then the President pro tempore of the Senate, would have become acting president pending a special presidential election.[8]

tag: ul

text: After having been temporarily incapacitated by several severe health problems, President Dwight D. Eisenhower attempted to clarify procedures through a signed agreement with Vice President Richard Nixon, drafted by Attorney General Herbert Brownell Jr.. However, this agreement did not have legal authority.[9] Eisenhower suffered a heart attack in September 1955 and intestinal problems requiring emergency surgery in July 1956. Each time until Eisenhower was able to resume his duties, Nixon presided over Cabinet meetings and, along with Eisenhower aides, kept the executive branch functioning and assured the public that the situation was under control. However, Nixon never made any effort to formally assume the status of Acting President or President.

text: All of these incidents made it evident that clearer guidelines were needed.[1] There were two proposals for providing those guidelines.

text: Keating–Kefauver proposal[edit]

text: In 1963, Senator Kenneth Keating of New York proposed a Constitutional amendment which would have enabled Congress to enact legislation providing for how to determine when a President is "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office", rather than, as the Twenty-fifth Amendment does, having the Constitution so provide.[10] This proposal was based upon a recommendation of the American Bar Association in 1960.[11]

text: The text of the proposal read:[12]

text: In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the said office shall devolve on the Vice President. In case of the inability of the President to discharge the powers and duties of the said office, the said powers and duties shall devolve on the Vice President, until the inability be removed. The Congress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation or inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what officer shall then be President, or, in case of inability, act as President, and such officer shall be or act as President accordingly, until a President shall be elected or, in case of inability, until the inability shall be earlier removed. The commencement and termination of any inability shall be determined by such method as Congress shall by law provide.

text: Senators raised concerns that the Congress could either abuse such authority[13] or neglect to enact any such legislation after the adoption of this proposal.[14] Tennessee Senator Estes Kefauver, the Chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments, a long-time advocate for addressing the disability question, spearheaded the effort until he died of a heart attack on August 10, 1963.[15][16] Senator Keating was defeated in the 1964 election, but Senator Roman Hruska of Nebraska took up Keating's cause as a new member of the Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments.[9]

text: Kennedy assassination[edit]

text: The assassination of John F. Kennedy showed the need for a clear way for determining presidential disability in the context of the Cold War.[17] The new President, Lyndon B. Johnson, had once suffered a heart attack[18] and – with the office of Vice President to remain vacant until the next term began on January 20, 1965 – the next two people in the line of succession were the 71-year-old Speaker of the House John McCormack[17][19] and the 86-year-old Senate President pro tempore Carl Hayden.[17][19] Senator Birch Bayh succeeded Kefauver as Chairman of the Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments and set about advocating for a detailed amendment dealing with presidential disability.[17]

text: Bayh–Celler proposal[edit]

text: On January 6, 1965, Senator Birch Bayh proposed S. J. Res. 1 in the Senate and Representative Emanuel Celler (Chairman of the House Judiciary Committee) proposed H. J. Res. 1 in the House of Representatives. Their proposal specified the process by which a President could be declared "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office", thereby making the Vice President an Acting President, and how the President could regain the powers of his office. Also, their proposal provided a way to fill a vacancy in the office of Vice President before the next presidential election. This was as opposed to the Keating–Kefauver proposal, which neither provided for filling a vacancy in the office of Vice President prior to the next presidential election nor provided a process for determining presidential disability. In 1964, the American Bar Association endorsed the type of proposal which Bayh and Celler advocated.[20] On January 28, 1965, President Johnson endorsed S. J. Res. 1 in a statement to Congress.[9] Their proposal received bipartisan support.[21]

text: On February 19, the Senate passed the amendment, but the House passed a different version of the amendment on April 13. On April 22, it was returned to the Senate with revisions.[9] There were four areas of disagreement between the House and Senate versions:

text:
the Senate official who was to receive any written declaration under the amendment
the period of time during which the Vice President and Cabinet must decide whether they disagree with the President's declaration that he is fit to resume his duties
the time before Congress meets to resolve the issue between the President, Vice President, and the Cabinet
the time limit for Congress to reach a decision[9]

text: On July 6, after a conference committee ironed out differences between the versions,[22] the final version of the amendment was passed by both Houses of the Congress and presented to the states for ratification.[23]

text: Proposal and ratification[edit]

text: The Congress proposed the Twenty-fifth Amendment on July 6, 1965, and the amendment was ratified by the following states:[2]

text:
Nebraska (July 12, 1965)
Wisconsin (July 13, 1965)
Oklahoma (July 16, 1965)
Massachusetts (August 9, 1965)
Pennsylvania (August 18, 1965)
Kentucky (September 15, 1965)
Arizona (September 22, 1965)
Michigan (October 5, 1965)
Indiana (October 20, 1965)
California (October 21, 1965)
Arkansas (November 4, 1965)
New Jersey (November 29, 1965)
Delaware (December 7, 1965)
Utah (January 17, 1966)
West Virginia (January 20, 1966)
Maine (January 24, 1966)
Rhode Island (January 28, 1966)
Colorado (February 3, 1966)
New Mexico (February 3, 1966)
Kansas (February 8, 1966)
Vermont (February 10, 1966)
Alaska (February 18, 1966)
Idaho (March 2, 1966)
Hawaii (March 3, 1966)
Virginia (March 8, 1966)
Mississippi (March 10, 1966)
New York (March 14, 1966)
Maryland (March 23, 1966)
Missouri (March 30, 1966)
New Hampshire (June 13, 1966)
Louisiana (July 5, 1966)
Tennessee (January 12, 1967)
Wyoming (January 25, 1967)
Washington (January 26, 1967)
Iowa (January 26, 1967)
Oregon (February 2, 1967)
Minnesota (February 10, 1967)
Nevada (February 10, 1967)
Ratification was completed on February 10, 1967. The following states subsequently ratified the amendment:
Connecticut (February 14, 1967)
Montana (February 15, 1967)
South Dakota (March 6, 1967)
Ohio (March 7, 1967)
Alabama (March 14, 1967)
North Carolina (March 22, 1967)
Illinois (March 22, 1967)
Texas (April 25, 1967)
Florida (May 25, 1967)

text: The following states have not ratified the amendment:

text:
Georgia
North Dakota[24]
South Carolina

text: Six days after its submission, Nebraska and Wisconsin were the first states to ratify the amendment. On February 10, 1967, Minnesota and Nevada were the 37th and 38th states to ratify, respectively. On February 23, 1967, in a ceremony in the East Room of the White House, General Services Administrator Lawson Knott certified the amendment's adoption.

text: Effect[edit]

text: Section 1: Presidential succession[edit]

text: Section 1 codified the "Tyler Precedent" regarding when a President is removed from office, dies, or resigns. In any of these situations, the Vice President immediately becomes President.

text: Section 2: Vice Presidential vacancy[edit]

text: Prior to the Twenty-fifth Amendment's adoption, a Vice Presidential vacancy remained until the start of the next presidential term. The Vice Presidency has been vacant several times due to death, resignation, or succession to the Presidency. Often these vacancies lasted for several years.

text: Under Section 2, whenever there is a vacancy in the office of Vice President, the President nominates a successor who becomes Vice President if confirmed by a majority vote of both Houses of the Congress.

text: Section 3: Presidential declaration[edit]

text: Section 3 provides that when the President transmits a written declaration to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, stating that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of the Presidency, and until the President sends another written declaration to the aforementioned officers declaring himself able to resume discharging those powers and duties, the Vice President discharges those powers and duties as Acting President.

text: Section 4: Vice Presidential–Cabinet declaration[edit]

text: Section 4 is the only part of the amendment that has never been invoked.[25] It allows the Vice President, together with a "majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide", to declare the President "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office" by submitting a written declaration to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives. As with Section 3, the Vice President would become Acting President.

text: Section 4 is meant to be invoked should the President's incapacitation prevent him from discharging his duties, but he is unable or unwilling to provide the written declaration called for by Section 3. The President may resume exercising the Presidential duties by sending a written declaration to the President pro tempore and the Speaker of the House.

text: Should the Vice President and Cabinet believe the President is still "unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office", they may within four days of the President's declaration submit another declaration that the President is incapacitated. If not already in session, the Congress must then assemble within 48 hours. The Congress has 21 days to decide the issue. If within the 21 days two-thirds of each house of Congress vote that the President is incapacitated, the Vice President would "continue" to be Acting President. Should the Congress resolve the issue in favor of the President, or make no decision within the 21 days allotted, then the President would "resume" discharging the powers and duties of his office. The use of the words "continue" and "resume" imply that the Vice President remains Acting President while Congress deliberates.

text: However, the President may again submit a written declaration of recovery to the President pro tempore and the Speaker of the House. That declaration could be responded to by the Vice President and the Cabinet in the same way as stated earlier. The specified 21-day Congressional procedure would start again.

text: Proposed replacing of Cabinet[edit]

text: On April 14, 2017, Representative Earl Blumenauer introduced the Oversight Commission on Presidential Capacity Act.[26] This bill would replace the Cabinet as the body that, together with the Vice President, determines whether Section 4 should be invoked. Under the bill, an eleven-member commission would conduct an examination of the President when directed to do so by a concurrent resolution of the Congress.[27]

text: According to Blumenauer:

text: It is hard to imagine a better group to work with the vice president to examine whether the president is able to discharge the duties of the office. When there are questions about the president’s ability to fulfill his or her constitutional responsibilities, it is in the country’s best interest to have a mechanism in place that works effectively.[27]

text: Invocations[edit]

text: The Twenty-fifth Amendment has been invoked six times since its ratification. The first three times were applications of Sections 1 and 2 in the context of scandals surrounding the Nixon Administration. The latter three were applications of Section 3 regarding Presidents undergoing a medical procedure requiring general anesthesia.

text: Succession to presidency[edit]

text: President Richard Nixon resigned on August 9, 1974, resulting in Vice President Gerald Ford succeeding to the office of President.[28] Gerald Ford is the only person ever to be Vice President, and later President, without being elected to either office.[29]

text: Filling vice presidential vacancies[edit]

text: 1973: Appointment of Gerald Ford as Vice President[edit]

text: On October 12, 1973, following Vice President Spiro Agnew's resignation two days earlier, President Richard Nixon nominated Representative Gerald Ford of Michigan to succeed Agnew as Vice President.

text: The United States Senate voted 92–3 to confirm Ford on November 27 and, on December 6, the House of Representatives did the same by a vote of 387–35. Ford was sworn in later that day before a joint session of the United States Congress.[30]

text: 1974: Appointment of Nelson Rockefeller as Vice President[edit]

text: When Gerald Ford became President, the office of Vice President became vacant. On August 20, 1974, after considering Melvin Laird and George H. W. Bush, President Ford nominated former New York Governor Nelson Rockefeller to be the new vice president.

text: On December 10, 1974, Rockefeller was confirmed 90–7 by the Senate. On December 19, 1974, Rockefeller was confirmed 287–128 by the House and sworn into office later that day in the Senate chamber.[30]

text: Acting Presidents[edit]

text: 1985: George H.W. Bush[edit]

text: On July 12, 1985, President Ronald Reagan underwent a colonoscopy, during which a villous adenoma (a pre-cancerous lesion) was discovered. When told by his physician (Dr. Edward Cattau) that he could undergo surgery immediately or in two to three weeks, Reagan elected to have it removed immediately.[31]

text: That afternoon, Reagan consulted with White House counsel Fred Fielding by telephone, debating whether to invoke the amendment and, if so, whether such a transfer would set an undesirable precedent. Fielding and White House Chief of Staff Donald Regan recommended that Reagan transfer power and two letters doing so were drafted: the first letter specifically invoked Section 3 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment; the second only mentioned that Reagan was mindful of this provision. At 10:32 a.m. on July 13, Reagan signed the second letter and ordered its delivery to the appropriate officers as required under the amendment.[32] Vice President George H. W. Bush was Acting President from 11:28 a.m. until 7:22 p.m., when Reagan transmitted a second letter to resume the powers and duties of the office. It is the longest "tenure" as Acting President and makes George H.W. Bush the person to serve as Acting President for the longest cumulative time.

text: Books such as The President Has Been Shot: Confusion, Disability and the 25th Amendment, by Herbert Abrams, and Reagan's autobiography, An American Life, argue President Reagan's intent to transfer power to Vice President Bush was clear. Fielding himself adds:

text: I personally know he did intend to invoke the amendment, and he conveyed that to all of his staff and it was conveyed to the VP as well as the President of the Senate. He was also very firm in his wish not to create a precedent binding his successor.

text: 2002: Dick Cheney[edit]

text: On June 29, 2002, President George W. Bush underwent a colonoscopy and chose to invoke Section 3 of the amendment, temporarily transferring his powers to Vice President Dick Cheney. The medical procedure began at 7:09 a.m. EDT and ended at 7:29 a.m. EDT. Bush woke up twenty minutes later, but did not resume his presidential powers and duties until 9:24 a.m. EDT after the president's physician, Richard Tubb, conducted an overall examination. Tubb said he recommended the additional time to make sure the sedative had no aftereffects. Unlike Reagan's 1985 letter, Bush's 2002 letter specifically cited Section 3 as the authority for the transfer of power.[32]

text: 2007: Dick Cheney[edit]

text: On July 21, 2007, President Bush again invoked Section 3 in response to having to undergo a colonoscopy, temporarily transferring his powers to Vice President Cheney. President Bush invoked Section 3 at 7:16 a.m. EDT. He reclaimed his powers at 9:21 a.m. EDT. As happened in 2002, Bush specifically cited Section 3 when he transferred the Presidential powers to the Vice President and when he reclaimed those powers.[32]

text: Considered Section 4 invocations[edit]

text: Twice there was a documented instance in which invoking Section 4 of the Twenty-fifth Amendment was considered, both times involving the 40th President of the United States, Ronald Reagan.

text: 1981: Reagan assassination attempt[edit]

text: Following the attempted assassination of Ronald Reagan on March 30, 1981, Vice President George H. W. Bush did not assume the presidential powers and duties as Acting President. Reagan was unable to invoke Section 3, because he was in surgery. Bush did not invoke Section 4, because he was on a plane returning from Texas. Reagan was out of surgery by the time Bush arrived in Washington.[33] In 1995, Birch Bayh, the primary sponsor of the amendment in the Senate, wrote that Section 4 should have been invoked.[34]

text: 1987: Reagan's alleged incapacity[edit]

text: Upon becoming the White House Chief of Staff in 1987, Howard Baker was advised by his predecessor's staff to be prepared for a possible invocation of the Twenty-fifth Amendment[35] due to Reagan's perceived laziness and ineptitude.[36][37]

text: According to the PBS program American Experience,

text: What Baker's transition team was told by Donald Regan's staff that weekend shocked them. Reagan was "inattentive, inept", and "lazy", and Baker should be prepared to invoke the 25th Amendment to relieve him of his duties.

text: Reagan biographer Edmund Morris stated in an interview aired on the program,

text: The incoming Baker people all decided to have a meeting with him on Monday, their first official meeting with the President, and to cluster around the table in the Cabinet room and watch him very, very closely to see how he behaved, to see if he was indeed losing his mental grip.

text: Morris went on to explain,

text: Reagan who was, of course, completely unaware that they were launching a death watch on him, came in stimulated by the press of all these new people and performed splendidly. At the end of the meeting, they figuratively threw up their hands realizing he was in perfect command of himself.[36][37]


document_title: U.S. history of alcohol minimum purchase age by state

question_text: when did massachusetts raise the drinking age to 21

text: The alcohol laws of the United States regarding minimum age for purchase have changed over time.  This history is given in the table below.  Unless otherwise noted, if different alcohol categories have different minimum purchase ages, the age listed below is set at the lowest age given (e.g. if the purchase age is 18 for beer and 21 for wine or spirits, as was the case in several states, the age in the table will read as "18", not "21").  In addition, the purchase age is not necessarily the same as the minimum age for consumption of alcoholic beverages, although they have often been the same.

text:
As one can see in the table below, there has been much volatility in the states' drinking ages since the
repeal of Prohibition in 1933.  Shortly after the ratification of the 21st amendment in December, most states set their purchase ages at 21 since that was the Voting age at the time. Most of these limits remained constant until the early 1970s.  From 1969 to 1976, some 30 states lowered their purchase ages, generally to 18. This was primarily because the voting age was lowered from 21 to 18 in 1971 with the 26th amendment. Many states started to lower their minimum drinking age in response, most of this occurring in 1972 or 1973.[1][2][3] Twelve states kept their purchase ages at 21 since repeal of Prohibition and never changed them.

text: From 1976 to 1983, several states voluntarily raised their purchase ages to 19 (or, less commonly, 20 or 21), in part to combat drunk driving fatalities.[citation needed] In 1984, Congress passed the National Minimum Drinking Age Act, which required states to raise their ages for purchase and public possession to 21 by October 1986 or lose 10% of their federal highway funds. By mid-1988, all 50 states and the District of Columbia had raised their purchase ages to 21 (but not Puerto Rico, Guam, or the Virgin Islands, see Additional Notes below). South Dakota and Wyoming were the final two states to comply with the age 21 mandate. The current drinking age of 21 remains a point of contention among many Americans, because of it being higher than the age of majority (18 in most states) and higher than the drinking ages of most other countries. The National Minimum Drinking Age Act is also seen as a congressional sidestep of the tenth amendment. Although debates have not been highly publicized, a few states have proposed legislation to lower their drinking age,[4] while Guam has raised its drinking age to 21 in July 2010.[5]

text:
State
Pre-Prohibition(prior to 1919)
Post-Prohibition(after 1933)
1970s / 26th Amendment(adopted in 1971)
1980s / Drinking Age Act of 1984
21st century

Alabama

Pre 1881:None1881:21 (none with consent of parent)[6]
21
1975:Lowered to 19[7]
1986:Raised to 21[8]
21  (no one underage is allowed consumption Section 28-1)

Alaska

?
21[7]
1970:Lowered to 19[9]
1984:Raised to 21 with grandfather clause (if born before January 1, 1965)[10][11]
21

Arizona

?
21[11]
1972:Lowered to 19[12][13]
1985:Raised to 21[8]
21

Arkansas

Pre 1925:None[7]1925:21[7]
21
21[14]
21[8]
21

California

Pre 1891:Regulated by municipality/county (common age was 16)[15][16][17]1891:18 (statewide)[18]
1933:21[7]
21
21[8]
21 (except small amounts for religious ceremonies)

Colorado

None[11]
1945:18: for beer21: for wine and liquor[7]
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1987[8]
21

Connecticut

?
21[11]
1972:Lowered to 18[20]
1982:Raised to 191983:Raised to 201985:Raised to 21[21]
21 (exemptions: (1) a person over age eighteen who is an employee or permit holder under section 30-90a and who possesses alcoholic liquor in the course of such person's employment or business, (2) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor on the order of a practicing physician, or (3) a minor who possesses alcoholic liquor while accompanied by a parent, guardian or spouse of the minor, who has attained the age of twenty-one. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to burden a person's exercise of religion under section 3 of article first of the Constitution of the state in violation of subsection (a) of section 52-571b.[22]

Delaware

?
21[11]
1972:Lowered to 20[13]
1984:Raised to 21[8]
21

District of Columbia

?
18: for beer and wine[11]21: for liquor[23][24]
18: for beer and wine[13][24]21: for liquor
1986:Raised to 21 with grandfather clause.[25][26]
21

Florida

?
18[7]
1980:19[27]
1985:Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[27]
21[28]

Georgia

?
21[11]
1972: Lowered to 18[12]
1984:Raised to 19[14]1985:Raised to 20[14]1986:Raised to 21[14]
21

Hawaii

?
21[7]
1972:Lowered to 18[13]
1986:Raised to 21[8]
21

Idaho

?
20: for beer[29][30]21: for wine and liquor[11][31]
1972:Lowered to 19 (all)[13][32]
1987:Raised to 21 in 1987 (Apr 11) with grandfather clause[8][33]
21

Illinois

1872:Age of majority (none with written consent of parent)[34]
pre 1961: Age of majority      1961:  Raised to 21[35]
1973:Lowered to 19: for beer and wine21: for liquor[36]
1980:Raised to 21[37]
21

Indiana

?
Post-1934:21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Iowa

?
21[7]
1972:Lowered to 19 in 1972 (Jul 1)1973:Lowered to 18 in 1973 (Jul 1)1978:Raised to 19 in 1978 (Jul 1)[38]
1986:Raised to 21 in 1986 (Jul 1) with grandfather clause.[14][38]
21

Kansas

?
1949:18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine with less than 4% ABV[14]21: for beer and wine with 4% ABV or more[14]21: for liquor[14][19]
1985:Raised to 21[8]
21 (However, anyone under 21 may consume cereal malt beverages with parental supervision on their own property)

Kentucky

?
1938:21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Louisiana

?
As of 1948:18[13]
18[19]
1987:Raised to 21 de jure in 1987,[8]but de facto age was still 18 until 1995 due to a sale loophole.1995:De facto age raised to 21 in 1995 when loophole was closed.[39]1996:In 1996, briefly lowered by Louisiana Supreme Court to 18 until it reversed its decision, raising to 21 three months later.[40]Other exceptions still remain.[41]
21 (Exceptions to state law include:[42]
For an established religious purpose;When a person under twenty-one years of age is accompanied by a parent, spouse, or legal guardian twenty-one years of age or older;For medical purposes when purchased as an over the counter medication, or when prescribed or administered by a licensed physician, pharmacist, dentist, nurse, hospital, or medical institution;In a private residence, which shall include a residential dwelling and up to twenty contiguous acres, on which the dwelling is located, owned by the same person who owns the dwelling;The sale, handling, transport, or service in dispensing of any alcoholic beverage pursuant to lawful ownership of an establishment or to lawful employment of a person under twenty-one years of age by a duly licensed manufacturer, wholesaler, or retailer of beverage alcohol.)

Maine

?
21[7]1969:Lowered to 20
1972:Lowered to 18[12]1977:Raised to 20[8][43]
1985:Raised to 21[8]
21

Maryland

?
21[7]
1974:Lowered to 18: for beer and wine21: for liquor[44][45]
1982:Raised to 21 with grandfather clause[8][46]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)

Massachusetts

?
21[11]
1973:Lowered to 181979:Raised to 20 in 1979 (Apr 16)[47][48][49]
Raised to 21 in 1985[8]
21

Michigan

?
21[7]
1972:Lowered to 18 in 1972 (Jan 1)[50]
1978:Raised to 19 in 1978 (Dec 3)[51][52]1978:Raised to 21 in 1978 (Dec 21), 18 days later.[8]First state to raise age to 21 since it was lowered
21

Minnesota

?
21[11]
1973:Lowered to 18 (June 1)1976:Raised to 19 (Sept 1)[53]First state to raise age after lowering.

1986:Raised to 21[54]
21

Mississippi

?
1966:18: for beer and wine21: for liquor[7](alcohol not legalized until 1966)
18[19]
Raised to 21 in 1986[8]
21

Missouri

?
1945:21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Montana

?
21[11]
1971:Lowered to 19[55]1973:Lowered to 18[56][57]1979:Raised to 19
1987:Raised to 21[8][58]
21

Nebraska

?
21[59]1969:Lowered to 20
1972:Lowered to 19[59]
1980:Raised to 20[14]1985:Raised to 21[14]
21

Nevada

?
1933:21[7]
21
21[8]
21

New Hampshire

?
21[11]
1973:Lowered to 18[60]1979:Raised to 20
1985:Raised to 21[8][21]
21

New Jersey

Before 1880:NonePost-1880:18 (penalties only against businesses)[61][62][63]
21[citation needed]
1973:Lowered to 18[12]
1980:Raised to 191983:Raised to 21[8][64]
21

New Mexico

?
1934:21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

New York

21
18[65]
18
1982:Raised to 19 in 1982 (Dec)1985:Raised to 21 in 1985 (Dec)[21][66][67]
21

North Carolina

?
18[11]
18: for beer and wine[19] 21: for liquor
1983:19: for beer and wine 21: for liquor1986:Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

North Dakota

?
1936:21[7]
21[14]
21[68]
21

Ohio

?
1935:18: for 3.2% ABW beer21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[69]
18: for 3.2% ABW beer21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor
1982 (Aug. 19 to Oct. 1):19: for 3.2% ABW beer[14]21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[14]1982 (From Oct. 1):19: beer21: wine and liquor[70]1988:21[14]
21 (However, anyone can drink with parents or legal-age spouse)

Oklahoma

?
Men:21Women:18: 3.2% ABW beer21: for beer stronger than 3.2% ABW, wine and liquor[71]
1976:Lowered to 18 (for 3.2% ABW beer) for both sexes in 1976 (Dec)[72]Last state to lower the drinking age.
1983:Raised to 21[11][73]
21

Oregon

?
1933:21[7]
21
21[8]
21

Pennsylvania

?
1935:21[7]
21
21[8][52]
21

Rhode Island

?
21[11]
1970:Lowered to 18[12][74]
1980:Raised to 191981:Raised to 201984:Raised to 21[21]
21

South Carolina

21[75]
1935:18: for beer and wine21: for liquor[7]
18: for beer and wine[19]21: for liquor
1984:19: for beer and wine[7]21: for liquor1986:Raised to 21[8]
21

South Dakota

?
1934:21 (all)1939:Lowered to 18: for 3.2% beerRaised to 19: for 3.2% beer[76]
1972:18: for beer and wine21: for liquor[13]
1984:19: for beer and wine21: for liquor[8]1988:Raised to 21[58]
21

Tennessee

Pre 1881:None1881:21[77]
21[7]1964:Lowered to 18[7]
1979:Raised to 19
1984:Raised to 21[8]
21

Texas

Pre 1909:21None (with written permission of parent or guardian)Post 1909:21[78][79]
21[7]
1973:Lowered to 18[80]
1981:Raised to 19[81]1986:Raised to 21 in 1986 (Sep 1)[8][26]
21

Utah

?
1935:21[7]
21[14]
21[8]
21

Vermont

?
21[7]
1971:Lowered to 18[82][83]
1986:Raised to 21[21][83]
21

Virginia

?
21[84]
1974:Lowered to 18: for beer and wine(21: for liquor remained)[84]
1981:Raised to 19 for off-premises consumption1983:Raised to 19 (all beer)1985:Raised to 21[84]
21

Washington

"Age of majority"since 1877[85]
21[citation needed]
21
21[8]
21

West Virginia

?
18: for beer and wine 21: for liquor[11]
1972:Lowered to 18 (all)[86]
1983:Raised to 19(& 21 for non-residents)[8][43]1986:Raised to 21[8]
21

Wisconsin

1839–1866:18: for wine and liquorNone: for beerPost-1866:21 (all)[87]
18: for beer21: for wine and spirits1957:21: for residents of bordering states with age limit 21.[88]1963:Raised to 21 (off-premises beer sales, remained 18 for on-premises).[88]
1972:Lowered to 18 (all) in 1972 (Mar)[88]1977:Border state restriction lifted.[88]
1984:Raised to 191986:Raised to 21 (September 1, 1986)[88]
21 (however anyone can drink when parents, spouses, teachers are present)[citation needed]

Wyoming

?
21[7]
1973:Lowered to 19[13]
1988:Raised to 21 in 1988 (Jul 1)[89][90]Last state to raise de jure drinking age to 21
21

American Samoa

?
?
?
21?
21[91]

Northern Mariana Islands

–
–
?
21?
21[92]

Puerto Rico

?
18
18
Kept at 18despite 10% highway fundingpenalty under Drinking Age Act.
18[93]

Virgin Islands

?
?
?
18
18[94]

Guam

?
21?
18
18
Raised to 21 in 2010[5]

text: Additional notes[edit]

text:
Contrary to popular belief, since the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984, not all states specifically prohibit minors' and young adults' consumption of alcohol in private settings.  That is because the federal law is concerned only with purchase and public possession, not private consumption, and contains several exceptions. As of January 1, 2007, 14 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 19 states do not specifically ban underage consumption outright, and 17 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member or location exceptions to their underage possession laws.[41]
In the 1960s the age for buying or drinking beer and wine in the District of Columbia (Washington, D.C.) was 18; the age for hard liquor was 21.[23][24] Residents from Virginia and Maryland would often drive to D.C. to obtain alcohol. In Louisiana, the 1987 law raising the age from 18 to 21 was deliberately written solely to comply with the National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 to avoid losing highway funding, while still allowing 18- to 20-year-olds to drink as before.  Not only did it still allow 18- to 20-year-olds to consume in private, it contained a major loophole allowing bars and stores to sell alcohol to 18- to 20-year-olds without penalty (despite purchase being technically illegal) which meant that the de facto age was still 18.[39] In other words, the drinking age was 21 only on paper. This loophole was closed in 1995, but in 1996 the Louisiana Supreme Court declared a drinking age of 21 unconstitutional.[39]  That briefly lowered the de jure purchase age to 18, causing an uproar which prompted the Louisiana Supreme Court to reverse its decision, raising the age to 21 three months later.[40] Other exceptions still remain to this day, including drinking in a private residence,[41] and Louisiana still has some of the most liberal general alcohol laws of any state.
Some states were "dry" well before national Prohibition was enacted in 1919, in some cases since achieving statehood.  Also, some states did not become fully "wet" until several years after the repeal of Prohibition in 1933 (e.g. Mississippi in 1966).  Since 1966, all states and territories of the USA have been "wet", but dry counties and towns still exist in some states.


document_title: List of Last Week Tonight with John Oliver episodes

question_text: last week tonight with john oliver season 5 episode 16 topic

text: Series overview[edit]

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedFirst airedLast aired124April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27)November 9, 2014 (2014-11-09)235February 8, 2015 (2015-02-08)November 22, 2015 (2015-11-22)330February 14, 2016 (2016-02-14)November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)430February 12, 2017 (2017-02-12)November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12)530[3]February 18, 2018 (2018-02-18)TBA

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonMain segmentOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)11POM Wonderful LLC v. Coca-Cola Co.April 27, 2014 (2014-04-27)1.11[4]
Other segments: Indian general election, 2014 and the NSAGuest: Keith B. Alexander
22Capital punishmentMay 4, 2014 (2014-05-04)1.19[5]
Other segments: Hassanal BolkiahGuest: Simon Ostrovsky
33Global warming controversyMay 11, 2014 (2014-05-11)1.01[6]
Other segments: United States Senate election in Kentucky, 2014Guest: Bill Nye
44Right to be forgotten (Google Spain v AEPD and Mario Costeja González)May 18, 2014 (2014-05-18)1.03[7]
Other segments: General Motors controversyGuest: Fareed Zakaria
55 Net neutralityJune 1, 2014 (2014-06-01)0.99[8]
Main article: Net Neutrality (Last Week Tonight) § "Net Neutrality"
Other segments: 87th Scripps National Spelling Bee
66FIFAJune 8, 2014 (2014-06-08)0.95[9]
Other segments: Bashar al-AssadGuest: Right Said Fred
77Immigration reformJune 15, 2014 (2014-06-15)0.91[10]
Other segments: Washington Redskins name controversyGuest: Stephen Hawking
88Dr. Oz's June 2014 Senate hearing and the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994June 22, 2014 (2014-06-22)0.89[11]
Other segments: MonarchiesGuest: Steve Buscemi
99Burwell v. Hobby LobbyJune 29, 2014 (2014-06-29)0.85[12]
Other segments: LGBT rights in UgandaGuest: Pepe Julian Onziema
1010Income inequality and wealth inequalityJuly 13, 2014 (2014-07-13)0.84[13]
Other segments: Public image of CIA
1111Incarceration in the United StatesJuly 20, 2014 (2014-07-20)0.92[14]
Other segments: Israeli–Palestinian conflict, Commonwealth Games
1212Nuclear weapons and the United StatesJuly 27, 2014 (2014-07-27)1.00[15]
Other segments: Russia's miscommunication with mating geckos lost in space
1313Native advertisingAugust 3, 2014 (2014-08-03)0.96[16]
Other segments: Argentine debt restructuring, Port Authority of New York and New Jersey and Port Authority Bus Terminal
1414Payday loansAugust 10, 2014 (2014-08-10)0.94[17]
Other segments: Russia's import embargo on U.S. chicken and soybeanGuest: Sarah Silverman
1515Shooting of Michael Brown and police militarizationAugust 17, 2014 (2014-08-17)1.03[18]
Other segments: Equal pay for equal work
1616Student debtSeptember 7, 2014 (2014-09-07)0.66[19]
Other segments: Eulogy for mating space geckosGuest: A Great Big World
1717Scottish independence referendumSeptember 14, 2014 (2014-09-14)0.70[20]
Other segments: Twitter
1818United States embargo against Cuba, Miss America 2015September 21, 2014 (2014-09-21)0.83[21]
Guest: Kathy Griffin
1919DronesSeptember 28, 2014 (2014-09-28)0.71[22]
Other segments: Kansas state budget shortfall
2020Civil Asset ForfeitureOctober 5, 2014 (2014-10-05)0.66[23]
Other segments: 2022 Winter OlympicsGuests: Jeff Goldblum, Kathryn Erbe, Robert John Burke and John Fiore
2121Special Immigrant VisaOctober 19, 2014 (2014-10-19)0.62[26]
Other segments: Supreme Court of the United StatesGuest: Mohammad Usafi[24][25]
2222SugarOctober 26, 2014 (2014-10-26)0.76[27]
Other segments: Doug Ford, Jr.Guest: Jane Goodall
2323American Legislative Exchange CouncilNovember 2, 2014 (2014-11-02)0.60[28]
Other segments: U.S. state legislatures in United States elections, 2014Guests: Nick Offerman, H. Jon Benjamin and Sarah Baker
2424LotteriesNovember 9, 2014 (2014-11-09)0.80[29]
Other segments: Turkey's Presidential Palace, salmon cannon

text: Season 2 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonMain segmentOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)251Pharmaceutical marketingFebruary 8, 2015 (2015-02-08)0.72[30]
Other segments: RadioShack, Rafael CorreaGuest: Brian Huskey
262TobaccoFebruary 15, 2015 (2015-02-15)0.51[31]
Main article: Tobacco (Last Week Tonight)
Other segments: Houthis, Fifty Shades of Grey
273Judicial electionsFebruary 22, 2015 (2015-02-22)0.47[32]
Other segments: United Kingdom general election, Chinese New Year
284InfrastructureMarch 1, 2015 (2015-03-01)0.71[35]
Other segments: Boris NemtsovGuests: Edward Norton, Steve Buscemi, Vincent D'Onofrio, Josh Lucas, Campbell Scott, Hope Davis and Dan Hedaya[33][34]
295Voting rights in the U.S. territoriesMarch 8, 2015 (2015-03-08)0.69[36]
Other segments: Fanta controversy, cigarette packaging
306National Collegiate Athletic AssociationMarch 15, 2015 (2015-03-15)0.84[37]
317Municipal violationsMarch 22, 2015 (2015-03-22)0.78[38]
328Government surveillanceApril 5, 2015 (2015-04-05)0.65[39]
Guest: Edward Snowden

Note: This episode was 45 minutes long instead of the regular 30 minutes, and garnered the show international attention due to the appearance of Edward Snowden.
339Internal Revenue ServiceApril 12, 2015 (2015-04-12)1.32[40]
Guest: Michael Bolton
3410Patent trollsApril 19, 2015 (2015-04-19)1.45[41]
Other segments: Earth Day, doomsdayGuest: Martin Sheen
3511Child labor in the fashion industryApril 26, 2015 (2015-04-26)1.39[42]
Other segments: Armenian genocide
3612Standardized testingMay 3, 2015 (2015-05-03)1.40[43]
Guests: Wyatt Cenac, Rachel Feinstein and Alex Karpovsky
3713Paid parental leaveMay 10, 2015 (2015-05-10)1.20[44]
Other segments: Victory Day in Russia, Japanese government mascotsGuests: Bob Balaban, America Ferrera, Erinn Hayes and David Wain
3814Chicken contract farmingMay 17, 2015 (2015-05-17)1.04[45]
39152015 FIFA corruption caseMay 31, 2015 (2015-05-31)1.39[46]
Other segments: Nazi imagery in ThailandGuest: Rip Taylor
4016BailJune 7, 2015 (2015-06-07)1.26[47]
Other segments: Sepp Blatter's resignation as president of FIFAGuests: Becky Ann Baker, Michael Torpey, William Stephenson and Dean Winters
4117TortureJune 14, 2015 (2015-06-14)1.26[50]
Other segments: 2015 European Games, Canadian Senate expenses scandalGuest: Helen Mirren

Note: Helen Mirren did not appear in person; only parts of the pre-recorded audiobook were played. She read The Senate Intelligence Committee Report on Torture for the episode.[48][49]
4218Online harassment and revenge pornJune 21, 2015 (2015-06-21)1.37[51]
Other segments: Charleston church shooting, redesign of the $10 bill to feature a womanGuests: Colin Hanks and Rob Huebel
4319Transgender rightsJune 28, 2015 (2015-06-28)1.24[52]
Other segments: Leap secondGuest: Bobby Cannavale

Note: Bobby Cannavale did not appear in person.
4420StadiumsJuly 12, 2015 (2015-07-12)1.01[53]
Other segments: Possibility of Greek withdrawal from the Eurozone, removal of Confederate flag from South Carolina State Capitol
4521Food wasteJuly 19, 2015 (2015-07-19)1.04[54]
Other segments: Iran nuclear agreement, Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán's escape from imprisonment, North Korea's Liberation Day
4622Mandatory sentencing in the United StatesJuly 26, 2015 (2015-07-26)0.94[55]
Other segments: FIFA sponsorship backlash, Ashley Madison data breach
4723Washington D.C. voting rights and statehood movementAugust 2, 2015 (2015-08-02)0.98[56]
Other segments: Mullah Omar's death revelation, Baron Sewel sex scandal
4824 Sex education in the United StatesAugust 9, 2015 (2015-08-09)0.93[57]
Other segments: First Republican debateGuests: Laverne Cox, Kumail Nanjiani, Megan Mullally, Nick Offerman, Jack McBrayer, Aisha Tyler, Jonathan Banks, Kristen Schaal and H. Jon Benjamin
4925Predatory churches and televangelismAugust 16, 2015 (2015-08-16)1.01[58]
See also: Our Lady of Perpetual Exemption
Other segments: Cuba raising American flag in Havana, Warren G. Harding's illegitimate child, New Zealand flag redesignGuest: Rachel Dratch
5026LGBT rights in the United StatesAugust 23, 2015 (2015-08-23)1.03[59]
Other segments: North Korea-South Korea conflict, Russian import embargo, resignation of Greek Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras
5127Public defenders in the United StatesSeptember 13, 2015 (2015-09-13)0.69[60]
Other segments: Todd Courser and Cindy Gamrat scandal, 2015 Guatemalan general election, Queen Elizabeth II becoming the longest reigning British monarch, shutdown of Our Lady of Perpetual ExemptionGuests: Danny Pino, Regina King, Jeremy Sisto, Robert John Burke, Josh Lucas, Kevin Chapman, Dennis Quaid, Sonja Sohn, and Rachel Dratch
5228European migrant crisisSeptember 27, 2015 (2015-09-27)0.66[61]
Other segments: Pope Francis' visit to the United States, David Cameron's alleged pig scandal, Volkswagen emissions violationsGuests: James Scott and Alison Sweeney
5329Mental health in the United StatesOctober 4, 2015 (2015-10-04)0.68[62]
Other segments: Russian-led military intervention in Syria, 2015 UN general assembly debate, Jason Chaffetz, Peeple mobile applicationGuest: Mario Van Peebles
5430North Dakota oil boomOctober 11, 2015 (2015-10-11)0.70[63]
Other segments: 2015 FIFA corruption case, ISIS use of Toyota vehicles
55312015 Canadian federal electionOctober 18, 2015 (2015-10-18)0.72[64]
Other segments: Mexican President Enrique Peña Nieto's public image, culling in Danish zoos, misquotingGuest: Mike Myers
56322015 United States electionsNovember 1, 2015 (2015-11-01)0.69[65]
Other segments: Vienna peace talks for Syria, 2015 Ukrainian local elections, tax credits in the United Kingdom, China's island building in the South China Sea, Medicaid coverage gapGuest: Kenny G
5733Prisoner reentryNovember 8, 2015 (2015-11-08)0.91[66]
Other segments: United Kingdom proposed online mass surveillance law, Veterans Day, Washington Redskins trademark disputeGuest: Bilal Chatman
5834Daily fantasy sportsNovember 15, 2015 (2015-11-15)0.71[67]
Segments: November 2015 Paris attacks, Singles' Day in China, India's claim of ownership over Koh-i-Noor diamondGuests: Seth Rogen, Kathryn Hahn, Martin Starr, Jerrod Carmichael, Adam Pally and Mike Birbiglia
5935Penny manufacturing costsNovember 22, 2015 (2015-11-22)0.78[68]
Other segments: Responses and aftermath of Paris attacks, refugees of the Syrian Civil WarGuests: Rachel Dratch and Valley Lodge

text: Season 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonMain segmentOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)601Voter ID laws in the United StatesFebruary 14, 2016 (2016-02-14)1.02[69]
Other segments: Death of Justice Antonin Scalia and the Thurmond Rule, food safety issues at Chipotle restaurants, Steven Joyce getting hit in the face with a dildoGuests: Andy Daly and Peter Jackson
612Abortion in the United StatesFebruary 21, 2016 (2016-02-21)0.92[70]
Other segments: South Carolina Republican primary, 2016 United States Supreme Court vacancy, Hollywood whitewashing of movie roles
623Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016February 28, 2016 (2016-02-28)0.70[71]
Main article: Donald Trump (Last Week Tonight)
Other segments: Egyptian economic crisis, President Obama's attempts to close Guantanamo Bay
634Special-purpose districtsMarch 6, 2016 (2016-03-06)0.82[72]
Other segments: 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, Gloria Steinem's interview with Lands' End
645FBI–Apple encryption disputeMarch 13, 2016 (2016-03-13)0.96[73]
Other segments: 2016 United States presidential election, International Women's Day, Switzerland's Day of the SickGuests: Rich Sommer, Jake Lacy, Eugene Mirman, and Michelle Trachtenberg
656Proposal for a border wall between the U.S. and MexicoMarch 20, 2016 (2016-03-20)0.93[74]
Main article: Border Wall (Last Week Tonight)
Other segments: 2015–16 protests in Brazil and Petrobras scandal, Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination
667Congressional fundraisingApril 3, 2016 (2016-04-03)0.95[75]
Other segments: 2016 Nuclear Security Summit, 2016 Opening Day in baseball and the New York YankeesGuest: Steve Israel
678Credit scores in the United States (Equifax, Experian, TransUnion) and background checksApril 10, 2016 (2016-04-10)0.91[76]
Segments: Panama Papers, Alabama Governor Robert Bentley's alleged ethics violationsGuest: Yo-Yo Ma (voice only)
689Flint water crisis and lead poisoningApril 17, 2016 (2016-04-17)0.85[77]
Other segments: Vladimir Putin's annual call-in show, reactions to the Panama Papers in the United Kingdom, Böhmermann affair
6910Puerto Rican government-debt crisisApril 24, 2016 (2016-04-24)1.34[78]
Other segments: President Obama's visit to Saudi Arabia and the United Kingdom, Norway Minister of Migration's policies on asylum seekersGuest: Lin-Manuel Miranda
7011Scientific research and science journalismMay 8, 2016 (2016-05-08)1.42[79]
Other segments: 2016 Republican Party presidential primaries, 2016 Philippine general election and candidate Rodrigo Duterte, 7th Congress of the Workers' Party of KoreaGuests: Michael Torpey, H. Jon Benjamin, Peter Grosz, B. D. Wong, and Sunita Mani
7112911 emergency telephone numberMay 15, 2016 (2016-05-15)1.38[80]
Other segments: Donald Trump presidential campaign, Elizabeth II filmed calling Chinese officials "very rude", Budweiser beer renamed as America Beer, Paul LePageGuests: Wendi McLendon-Covey and Rob Riggle
7213Democratic and Republican presidential primaries and the primary processMay 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)1.27[81]
Other segments: Ongoing Venezuelan protests, Elbowgate, Ramzan Kadyrov
7314Debt buying industryJune 5, 2016 (2016-06-05)1.61[82]
Other segments: Legal affairs of Donald Trump, Trump University
7415Retirement plans and financial advisersJune 12, 2016 (2016-06-12)1.21[83]
Other segments: 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Hillary Clinton becoming the Democratic presumptive nominee and social media in the 2016 U.S. Presidential campaignGuests: Billy Eichner and Kristin Chenoweth
7516United Kingdom European Union membership referendum, 2016June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)1.44[84]
Other segments: 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, National Rifle Association, 1996 Dickey Amendment
76172016 Summer Olympics and doping in sportsJune 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)1.53[85]
Other segments: Aftermath of the United Kingdom EU membership referendumGuests: Matt Walsh, Derek Klena, and Campbell Scott (voice only)
77182016 Republican National ConventionJuly 24, 2016 (2016-07-24)1.09[86]
Other segments: 2016 Democratic vice presidential selection, Boris Johnson being named as UK Foreign Secretary, campaign songsGuests: Josh Groban, Usher, Cyndi Lauper, Dan Reynolds, Ann Wilson, Nancy Wilson, Sheryl Crow, John Mellencamp, and Michael Bolton
78192016 Democratic National ConventionJuly 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)1.27[87]
Other segments: Voter ID laws in the United States, 2016 Turkish purges
7920Decline of newspapers in the United StatesAugust 7, 2016 (2016-08-07)1.01[88]
Other segments: 2016 Summer Olympics opening ceremonyGuests: Bobby Cannavale, Rose Byrne, Dylan Baker, Brian Doyle-Murray, Mahershala Ali, and Jason Sudeikis
8021Car finance and subprime lendingAugust 14, 2016 (2016-08-14)0.97[89]
Other segments: Donald Trump controversies, American Petroleum Institute lobbyingGuests: Lindsey Broad, Evan Hoyt Thompson, Keegan-Michael Key, and Bob Balaban
8122Charter schools in the United StatesAugust 21, 2016 (2016-08-21)1.15[90]
Other segments: Ryan Lochte Olympic scandal, Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016Guest: Will Arnett (voice only)
8223Hillary Clinton's controversies and Donald Trump's controversiesSeptember 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)0.88[91]
Other segments: Shooting of Keith Lamont Scott, Wells Fargo account creation scandal
8324Police accountability and police reformOctober 2, 2016 (2016-10-02)1.10[92]
Other segments: First United States presidential debate, Alicia Machado, Wells Fargo followup
8425Guantanamo Bay detention campOctober 9, 2016 (2016-10-09)1.08[93]
Other segments: Donald Trump Access Hollywood controversy, Ramzan Kadyrov
8526Jill Stein presidential campaign, 2016 and Gary Johnson presidential campaign, 2016October 16, 2016 (2016-10-16)1.34[94]
Other segments: Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016
8627Opioid abuseOctober 23, 2016 (2016-10-23)1.18[95]
Other segments: Third presidential debate, Alfred E. Smith Memorial Foundation Dinner
8728School segregation in the United StatesOctober 30, 2016 (2016-10-30)1.03[96]
Other segments: Renewed investigation into Hillary Clinton's emails, 2016
8829Multi-level marketingNovember 6, 2016 (2016-11-06)1.05[97]
Segments: United States elections, 2016Guest: Jaime Camil
89302016 United States election resultsNovember 13, 2016 (2016-11-13)1.17[98]
Main article: President-Elect Trump (Last Week Tonight)
Other segments: Media of the United StatesGuests: "Weird Al" Yankovic, Larry Wilmore, Amy Schumer, Larry David, Jeffrey Tambor, Billy Eichner, Nick Offerman, Megan Mullally, and Kathy Griffin

text: Season 4 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonMain segmentOriginal air dateUS viewers(millions)901Trump vs. TruthFebruary 12, 2017 (2017-02-12)1.19[99]
Guest: Thomas Kopache
912Vladimir Putin and Russia–United States relationsFebruary 19, 2017 (2017-02-19)1.25[102]
Guests: Olivia Cipolla, Michaela Sprague, Nicole Medoro, Mishay Petronelli and Wesley Faucher (eurodance group)[100][101]
923Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and Republican replacement proposalsFebruary 26, 2017 (2017-02-26)0.72[103]
934Tibetan sovereignty debate and Human rights in TibetMarch 5, 2017 (2017-03-05)1.28[104]
Other segments: Presidency of Donald TrumpGuests: Tenzin Gyatso (14th Dalai Lama)
945American Health Care ActMarch 12, 2017 (2017-03-12)1.12[105]
Other segments: International Women's Day, Wikileaks' March 2017 CIA disclosuresGuests: Thomas Kopache, Rob Corddry (voice-over)
956United States federal budgetMarch 19, 2017 (2017-03-19)1.03[106]
Other segments: Trump Tower wiretapping allegations, La Paz traffic zebras
967Cannabis in the United StatesApril 2, 2017 (2017-04-02)1.18[107]
Other segments: Trump Tower wiretapping allegations, United Kingdom invocation of Article 50 of the Treaty on European Union, La Paz traffic zebras recapGuest: Noel MacNeal (zebra)
978Gerrymandering in the United StatesApril 9, 2017 (2017-04-09)1.15[108]
Other segments: 2017 Shayrat missile strike, Bill O'Reilly sexual harassment lawsuitsGuest: Thomas Kopache
989 2017 French presidential electionApril 16, 2017 (2017-04-16)1.18[109]
Other segments: Sean Spicer Hitler–Assad controversy, Political positions of Donald Trump, 2017 Nangarhar airstrike
9910Ivanka Trump and Jared KushnerApril 23, 2017 (2017-04-23)1.19[110]
Other segments: 2017 North Korean missile tests, 2017 Turkish constitutional referendumGuest: Gilbert Gottfried (voice-over)
10011Net neutralityMay 7, 2017 (2017-05-07)1.18[111]
Main article: Net Neutrality (Last Week Tonight) § "Net Neutrality II"
Other segments: Eight Mile Style v New Zealand National Party, American Health Care Act of 2017
10112Dialysis and DaVitaMay 14, 2017 (2017-05-14)1.36[112]
Other segments: Dismissal of James Comey, Bill English
10213"Stupid Watergate"May 21, 2017 (2017-05-21)1.42[113]
Other segments: Donald Trump's disclosure of classified information to Russia, Comey memos, Transportation Security AdministrationGuests: Pam Arciero, Tyler Bunch, Stephanie D'Abruzzo, John Kennedy (puppeteers)
10314United States withdrawal from the Paris AgreementJune 4, 2017 (2017-06-04)1.22[114]
Other segments: 2017 London Bridge attack, Russian interference in the 2016 United States elections
104152017 United Kingdom general election and Brexit negotiationsJune 11, 2017 (2017-06-11)1.24[115]
Other segments: James Comey's testimony before CongressGuest: Lord Buckethead
10516Coal mining in the United States and Bob MurrayJune 18, 2017 (2017-06-18)1.28[116]
Other segments: American Health Care Act of 2017
10617Vaccine safetyJune 25, 2017 (2017-06-25)1.31[117]
Other segments: Lawsuit over coal segment from episode 105, possible existence of Trump–Comey recordings, Better Care Reconciliation Act of 2017
10718Local news and Sinclair Broadcast GroupJuly 2, 2017 (2017-07-02)1.14[119]
Other segments: Donald Trump's Twitter comments about Mika Brzezinski, Trump administration's travel ban, the Hall of Presidents wax museum in GettysburgGuests: Steve Schirripa, Campbell Scott, Anna Kendrick, Michael McKean, James Cromwell, and Laura Linney

Note: None of these guests appeared in person; only parts of the pre-recorded video were played. All listed guests, except Schirripa, performed a short film about the life of former president Warren G. Harding for the episode, with Harding being depicted by a waxwork purchased by Oliver from the Gettysburg Hall of Presidents wax museum.[118]
10819Alex Jones and InfoWarsJuly 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)1.76[120]
Other segments: Donald Trump administration's proposed transgender military ban, Anthony Scaramucci, defeat of "skinny" Obamacare repealGuests: Jack McBrayer and Gilbert Gottfried (voice-over)
10920United States Border PatrolAugust 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)1.75[121]
Other segments: Presidency of Donald Trump, Stephen MillerGuests: Will Arnett (voice-over)
110212017 North Korea crisisAugust 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)1.93[122]
Other segments: Charlottesville attackGuests: "Weird Al" Yankovic
11122Nuclear waste and waste managementAugust 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)1.76[123]
Other segments: Departure of Steve Bannon, Donald Trump's response to Charlottesville
11223Presidential pardon of Joe ArpaioSeptember 10, 2017 (2017-09-10)0.97[124]
Other segments: Bipartisan debt ceiling deal,  rescinding of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals
11324Corporate consolidationSeptember 24, 2017 (2017-09-24)1.25[125]
Other segments: 2017 NFL U.S. national anthem protest, Tom Price and Steven Mnuchin private jet scandals
11425Forensic evidenceOctober 1, 2017 (2017-10-01)1.27[126]
Other segments: Trump administration's tax reform proposal, aftermath of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico Guests: Josh Charles, Shannon Woodward, Josh Lucas, Samira Wiley, Robert John Burke
11526Confederate monumentsOctober 8, 2017 (2017-10-08)1.30[127]
Other segments: President Trump's response to Hurricane Maria's impact on Puerto Rico, Trump's feud with Rex Tillerson, Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations Guests: Stephen Colbert
11627Equifax security breachOctober 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)1.25[128]
Other segments: Harvey Weinstein sexual abuse allegations, Decertification of Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action
11728National Flood Insurance ProgramOctober 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)0.96[129]
Other segments: Opioid epidemic, Roy Moore, Australian Marriage Law Postal Survey
11829Economic development incentivesNovember 5, 2017 (2017-11-05)1.01[130]
Other segments: Special Counsel investigation (2017–present), The Inspectors
11930Presidency of Donald TrumpNovember 12, 2017 (2017-11-12)1.20[131]
Guests: Thomas Kopache, Jack McBrayer, Tom Hanks

text: Season 5 (2018)[edit]

text:
No.overallNo. inseasonMain segmentOriginal air date [2]US viewers(millions)1201Trump vs. The World (soft power)February 18, 2018 (2018-02-18)1.20[132]
Other segments: Parkland, Florida school shooting, corruption investigations against Benjamin Netanyahu, resignation of Jacob Zuma, Barnaby Joyce
12122018 Italian general electionFebruary 25, 2018 (2018-02-25)1.11[133]
Other segments: Judge dismissing lawsuit by Murray Energy against Last Week Tonight, Trump's proposal to arm teachers, Justin Trudeau and Donald Trump, Jr. in India
1223NRA TVMarch 4, 2018 (2018-03-04)0.94[134]
Other segments: Trump White House staffing challenges, Trump's steel and aluminum tariffs
1234Bitcoin and cryptocurrenciesMarch 11, 2018 (2018-03-11)1.08[135]
Other segments: 2018 North Korea–United States summit, International Women's DayGuests: Keegan-Michael Key
1245Mike Pence and the announcement of the book A Day in the Life of Marlon BundoMarch 18, 2018 (2018-03-18)1.23[136]
Other segments: Dismissal of Rex Tillerson, poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal, 2018 Russian presidential electionGuests: Jim Parsons, Jesse Tyler Ferguson, John Lithgow (voice-over)
1256Executive Office for Immigration ReviewApril 1, 2018 (2018-04-01)1.26[137]
Other segments: 2018 Egyptian presidential election, Sinclair Broadcast GroupGuests: H. Jon Benjamin
1267Crisis pregnancy centersApril 8, 2018 (2018-04-08)1.13[138]
Other segments: Scott Pruitt's ethics scandals, 2018 Hungarian parliamentary electionGuests: Rachel Dratch
1278Corporate tax avoidance in the United States, Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017April 15, 2018 (2018-04-15)1.23[139]
Other segments: 2018 bombing of Damascus and Homs, Blockbuster Video in Alaska
1289Iran-United States relations, Iranian nuclear dealApril 22, 2018 (2018-04-22)1.19[140]
Other segments: Ryan ZinkeGuests: Thomas Kopache, James Van Der Beek (voice-over)
12910Rudy GiulianiMay 6, 2018 (2018-05-06)1.24[141]
Other segments: Don Blankenship and 2018 West Virginia Senate election, John Oliver Koala Chlamydia Ward
13011 Crisis in VenezuelaMay 13, 2018 (2018-05-13)1.03[142]
Other segments: Michael Cohen consulting payments  Guests: Wilmer Valderrama
13112 Drug rehabilitation clinicsMay 20, 2018 (2018-05-20)1.28[143]
Other segments: Wedding of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle, proposed 2018 North Korea-United States summit
13213 Legal guardianship in elder careJune 3, 2018 (2018-06-03)1.14[144]
Other segments: Staged death of Arkady Babchenko, Thomas J. Mace-Archer-MillsGuests: Neil deGrasse Tyson, Cloris Leachman, Rita Moreno, William Shatner, Lily Tomlin, Fred Willard
13314 Stupid Watergate, Special Counsel investigationJune 10, 2018 (2018-06-10)1.14[145]
Other segments: United Kingdom Parliamentary censorship laws, Rodrigo Duterte Guests: Gilbert Gottfried

Note: When broadcast in the United Kingdom, the section covering its Parliamentary censorship laws was replaced with footage of Gilbert Gottfried reading aloud Yelp reviews of Idaho restaurants.
13415 China and Xi JinpingJune 17, 2018 (2018-06-17)1.19[146]
Other segments: 2018 North Korea–United States summit, Trump administration family separation policy Guests: Ryan Barger (voice), Ryan Buggle
13516 2018 Mexican electionsJune 24, 2018 (2018-06-24)0.94[147]
Other segments: 7-Eleven commercial promoting safe sex in Norway Guests: Bobby Moynihan
13617CRISPR and genome editingJuly 1, 2018 (2018-07-01)1.12[148]
Other segments: Retirement of Anthony Kennedy
13718 Sexual harassment in the workplace in the United StatesJuly 29, 2018 (2018-07-29)0.92[149]
Other segments: Special Counsel investigation, Facebook stock price dropGuests: Anita Hill
13819 District attorneys in the United StatesAugust 5, 2018 (2018-08-05)0.99[150]
Other segments: Trials of Paul Manafort
13920 AstroturfingAugust 12, 2018 (2018-08-12)1.03[151]
Other segments: Unite the Right 2, Laura Ingraham, Canada-Saudi Arabia diplomatic dispute, Vilnius tourism advertisement
14021 Trump tariffsAugust 19, 2018 (2018-08-19)1.17[152]
Other segments: Rudy Giuliani, Fraser Anning’s maiden speech, Bob Katter
14122September 9, 2018 (2018-09-09)TBD