document_title: Double (basketball)

question_text: how many triple doubles did kobe bryant have in his career

text: Double (basketball)

text: Double-double[edit]

text: A double-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in two of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common double-double combination is points and rebounds, followed by points and assists.[2] Double-doubles are fairly common in the NBA. During the 2008–09 season, 69 players who were eligible for leadership in the main statistical categories recorded at least 10 double-doubles during the season.[3]

text: Special double-doubles are rare. One such double-double is called double double-double (also referred to as 20–20 or Double-20). It occurs when a player accumulates 20 or more in two different statistical categories in a game.[4][5][6] Another such double-double is called a triple double-double (also referred to as 30–30).[7] The only player in NBA history to record a 40-40 is Wilt Chamberlain, who achieved the feat eight times in his career. Of the five instances, four were recorded in his rookie season, and the fifth was achieved the following year where he recorded 78 points and 43 rebounds in a game.

text: NBA[edit]

text: Double-double leaders (in regular season)[edit]

text: The following is a list of regular season double-double leaders since the 1983–84 season:

text:
^
Denotes active player

*
Inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

text:
Point-rebound[8]

Rank
Name
Total

1
Duncan, TimTim Duncan
841

2
Malone, KarlKarl Malone*
811

3
Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*
774

4
Garnett, KevinKevin Garnett
741

5
O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal*
727

6
Barkley, CharlesCharles Barkley*
706

7
Howard, DwightDwight Howard^
705

8
Ewing, PatrickPatrick Ewing*
580

9
Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
543

10
Gasol, PauPau Gasol^
520

11
Willis, KevinKevin Willis
488

12
Randolph, ZachZach Randolph^
480

13
Mutombo, DikembeDikembe Mutombo*
469

14
Williams, BuckBuck Williams
459

15
Webber, ChrisChris Webber
440

16
Malone, MosesMoses Malone*
435

17
Parish, RobertRobert Parish*
430

18
Marion, ShawnShawn Marion
427

19
Oakley, CharlesCharles Oakley
426

20
Thorpe, OtisOtis Thorpe
411

Point-assist[9]

Rank
Name
Total

1
Stockton, JohnJohn Stockton*
714

2
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson*
514

3
Nash, SteveSteve Nash
436

4
Paul, ChrisChris Paul*
408

5
Thomas, IsiahIsiah Thomas
408

6
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd^
402

7
Johnson, KevinKevin Johnson
319

8
Westbrook, RussellRussell Westbrook^
281

9
Williams, DeronDeron Williams^
275

10
Strickland, RodRod Strickland
271

11
Jackson, MarkMark Jackson
242

Payton, GaryGary Payton*
242

13
Wall, JohnJohn Wall^
224

14
Hardaway, TimTim Hardaway
279

15
Marbury, StephonStephon Marbury
210

16
Miller, AndreAndre Miller
197

17
James, LeBronLeBron James^
192

18
Porter, TerryTerry Porter
188

19
Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^
181

20
Davis, BaronBaron Davis
177

text: Facts[edit]

text: Longest continuous streak of double-doubles: According to the Elias Sports Bureau, Wilt Chamberlain holds the record with 227 consecutive double-doubles from 1964 to 1967.[10] Chamberlain also holds the second and third longest continuous streaks of double-doubles with 220 and 133.[10] This record is before the ABA–NBA merger in 1976. The longest streak of double-doubles since the merger was 53 games, achieved by Kevin Love, then of the Minnesota Timberwolves.[11]

text: Triple-double[edit]

text: A triple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in three of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—in a game. The most common way for a player to achieve a triple-double is with points, rebounds, and assists, though on occasion players may record 10 or more steals or blocked shots in a game.[12] The origin of the term "triple-double" is unclear. Some sources claim that it was coined by former Los Angeles Lakers public relations director Bruce Jolesch in the 1980s in order to showcase Magic Johnson's versatility,[13][14] while others claim that it was coined by then Philadelphia 76ers media relations director Harvey Pollack in 1980.[15][16] The triple-double became an officially recorded statistic during the 1979–80 season.

text: There has been occasional controversy surrounding triple-doubles made when a player achieves the feat with a late rebound. Players with nine rebounds in a game have sometimes been accused of deliberately missing a shot late in the game in order to recover the rebound; a few have even gone so far as shooting off their opponent's basket trying to score a triple-double. To deter this, NBA rules allow rebounds to be nullified if the shot is determined not to be a legitimate scoring attempt.[17]

text: NBA[edit]

text: From the 1990–91 to the 2010–11 season, the NBA averaged 34.5 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 36 games.[19]

text: From the 2011–12 to the 2016–17 season, the NBA saw a dramatic increase in the number of triple-doubles, with an average of 57.33 triple-doubles per season, roughly 1 in every 22 games.[20] Russell Westbrook was responsible for 74 of the triple-doubles during that span, or 21.5% of the 344 total triple-doubles.

text: Since the 1983–84 season, 25 triple-doubles have been recorded by players coming off the bench; Detlef Schrempf recorded three with the Indiana Pacers.[21][22]

text: Triple-double leaders[edit]

text: The following is a list of regular season triple-double leaders:

text:
All-time triple-double leaders

Rank
Name
Triple-doubles

1
Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson*
181[23]

2
Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson*
138[23]

3
Kidd, JasonJason Kidd
107[24][25]

4
Westbrook, RussellRussell Westbrook^
104[26]

5
Chamberlain, WiltWilt Chamberlain*
78[23]

6
James, LeBronLeBron James^
73[23]

7
Bird, LarryLarry Bird*
59[27]

8
Lever, FatFat Lever
43[23]

9
Harden, JamesJames Harden^
35[28]

10
Cousy, BobBob Cousy*
33[29]

11
Havlicek, JohnJohn Havlicek*
31[30]

Rondo, RajonRajon Rondo^
31[31]

13
Hill, GrantGrant Hill
29[32]

14
Jordan, MichaelMichael Jordan*
28[23]

15
Baylor, ElginElgin Baylor*
26[33]

16
Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
25[23]

17
Frazier, WaltWalt Frazier*
23[34]

18
Green, DraymondDraymond Green^
22[35]

19
Abdul-Jabbar, KareemKareem Abdul-Jabbar*
21[36]

Richardson, Micheal RayMicheal Ray Richardson
21

Bryant, KobeKobe Bryant
21[37]

text: Facts[edit]

text:
First triple-double in league history: According to the Harvey J. Pollack NBA Statistical Yearbook, Dolph Schayes (Syracuse Nationals) might have logged the league's first triple-double on February 8, 1951, versus the New York Knicks. He had 18 points, 22 rebounds and 13 assists.[38]
Averaging a triple-double in a single season: Oscar Robertson (Cincinnati Royals) and Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) are the only players in NBA history to achieve this feat.[13][39] During the 1961–62 season, Robertson averaged 30.8 points, 12.5 rebounds, and 11.4 assists per game.[13][40] Although Robertson only achieved the feat for a full season once, his cumulative stats over his first 5 seasons gave him an average of 30.3 points, 10.4 rebounds, and 10.6 assists per game.[40] Westbrook is the only player to achieve this feat twice, that too in consecutive seasons. Westbrook finished the 2016–17 season averaging 31.6 points, 10.7 rebounds, and 10.4 assists, and followed it up in 2017–18 with averages of 25.4 points, 10.1 rebounds, and 10.3 assists.[41]
Most triple-doubles in a single season: In 2016–17, Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded 42 triple-doubles.[39][42]
Most triple-doubles in road games in a single season: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded 17 of 42 triple-doubles in away games.[43]
Most 50-point triple-doubles in a single season: Russell Westbrook (Oklahoma City Thunder) recorded three 50-point triple-doubles in the 2016–17 season. James Harden is the other player to record more than one 50-point triple double with two in the same season.[43] It is more than likely that Wilt Chamberlain recorded many 50-point triple-doubles during his historic 1961-62 NBA season, but they remain unofficial, as steals and blocked shots were not yet recorded as official statistics.[38]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a single season

Rank
Name
Triple-doubles
Team
NBA season

1
Russell Westbrook
42
Oklahoma City Thunder
2016–17

2
Oscar Robertson
41
Cincinnati Royals
1961–62

3
Wilt Chamberlain
31
Philadelphia 76ers
1967–68

4
Oscar Robertson
26
Cincinnati Royals
1960–61

Oscar Robertson
26
Cincinnati Royals
1963–64

6
Russell Westbrook
25
Oklahoma City Thunder
2017–18

7
Oscar Robertson
22
Cincinnati Royals
1964–65

Wilt Chamberlain
22
Philadelphia 76ers
1966–67

James Harden
22
Houston Rockets
2016–17

10
Oscar Robertson
20
Cincinnati Royals
1962–63

11
Magic Johnson
18
Los Angeles Lakers
1981–82

Russell Westbrook
18
Oklahoma City Thunder
2015–16

LeBron James
18
Cleveland Cavaliers
2017–18

13
Magic Johnson
17
Los Angeles Lakers
1988–89

14
Fat Lever
16
Denver Nuggets
1985–86

15
Michael Jordan
15
Chicago Bulls
1988–89

17
Magic Johnson
13
Los Angeles Lakers
1987–88

Magic Johnson
13
Los Angeles Lakers
1990–91

Grant Hill
13
Detroit Pistons
1996–97

Jason Kidd
13
New Jersey Nets
2007–08

Draymond Green
13
Golden State Warriors
2015–16

LeBron James
13
Cleveland Cavaliers
2016–17

text:
Most triple-doubles in NBA playoffs: Magic Johnson recorded 30 playoff triple-doubles over his career; LeBron James is second with 20.[44]
Most triple-doubles in NBA Finals: LeBron James recorded 9 Finals triple-doubles over his career.
Averaging a triple-double in an NBA Finals: LeBron James (Cleveland Cavaliers), in the 2017 Finals, averaged 33.6 points, 12.0 rebounds, and 10.0 assists per game.
Youngest player: Markelle Fultz (Philadelphia 76ers), aged 19 years and 317 days, logged a triple-double on April 11, 2018, versus the Milwaukee Bucks. He had 13 points, 10 rebounds, and 10 assists.[45]
Oldest player: Karl Malone (Los Angeles Lakers), aged 40 years and 127 days—the only 40-year-old player to do so—logged a triple-double on November 28, 2003, versus the San Antonio Spurs. He had 10 points, 11 rebounds, and 10 assists.[46]
Fastest triple-double: Nikola Jokić (Denver Nuggets), holds the record for the fastest triple double. On February 15, 2018, Jokić recorded the mark in 14 minutes and 33 seconds against the Milwaukee Bucks.[47] The previous fastest triple double had held for almost 63 years, as on February 20, 1955 Jim Tucker (Syracuse Nationals), in his rookie year, recorded the mark in just 17 minutes, with 12 points, 10 rebounds and 12 assists in a 104-84 win over the New York Knicks.[48]
Double-triple-double[49] (at least 20 of any 3 statistics): Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) is the only player to have accomplished this; in a February 2, 1968 game versus Detroit Pistons, Chamberlain tallied 22 points, 25 rebounds, and 21 assists.[50]
Most points scored in a triple-double: James Harden (Houston Rockets) holds the record for the most points scored in a triple-double with 60 points, 10 rebounds, and 11 assists on January 30, 2018, against the Orlando Magic. The previous record was 57 points by Russell Westbrook.[51][52]
Triple-double not including points: The only such triple-double occurred on February 10, 2017, when Draymond Green (Golden State Warriors) scored only 4 points, but collected 12 rebounds, 10 assists, and 10 steals against the Memphis Grizzlies. Green also recorded five blocked shots in the game.[53]
Longest continuous streak of triple-doubles: Wilt Chamberlain (Philadelphia 76ers) holds the record for the most consecutive triple-doubles. In 1968, from March 8 to March 20, he recorded a triple-double in nine straight games.[54] The second longest streak is seven, a record jointly held by Robertson, Michael Jordan, and Westbrook.[55][56][57]
Triple-doubles by teammates: Has occurred three times in the NBA.

March 14, 1964, Donnie Butcher (Detroit Pistons) had 19 points, 15 rebounds, and 15 assists and Ray Scott had 23 points, 20 rebounds, and 11 assists against the New York Knicks.[58]
January 3, 1989, Michael Jordan (Chicago Bulls) had 41 points, 11 assists, and 10 rebounds and Scottie Pippen had 15 points, 12 assists, and 10 rebounds against the Los Angeles Clippers.[59]
April 7, 2007, New Jersey Nets Vince Carter had 46 points, 16 rebounds, and 10 assists and Jason Kidd had 10 points, 16 rebounds, and 18 assists against the Washington Wizards.[60]

Triple-doubles by opponents: This has occurred only 13 times since 1983–84, four times involving Jason Kidd (while playing for three different teams):[38]

Magic Johnson and Jeff Ruland (Los Angeles at Washington, February 10, 1984)[61]
Jason Kidd and Clyde Drexler (Dallas at Houston, April 11, 1995)[62]
Kidd and Drexler (Phoenix at Houston, March 22, 1997)[63]
Gary Payton and Chris Webber (Seattle at Sacramento, April 18, 2000)[64]
Kidd and Jay Williams (New Jersey at Chicago, November 9, 2002)[65]
Kidd and Tracy McGrady (New Jersey at Orlando, February 23, 2003)[66]
Caron Butler and Baron Davis (Washington at Golden State, November 23, 2007)[67]
Victor Oladipo and Michael Carter-Williams (Orlando at Philadelphia, December 3, 2013 (2 OT))[68]

Oladipo and Carter-Williams were both rookies when accomplishing the feat, marking the first and only time in NBA history that two rookies have recorded triple-doubles in the same game. These were the first career triple-doubles for both players. The last time that two players had recorded their first career triple-doubles in the same game was when Donnie Butcher and Ray Scott (Detroit Pistons) did it on March 14, 1964 (they were not rookies).[69]

Russell Westbrook and Giannis Antetokounmpo (Oklahoma City at Milwaukee, March 6, 2016)[70]
LeBron James and Stephen Curry (Cleveland at Golden State, June 4, 2017)
Giannis Antetokounmpo and Nikola Jokić (Denver at Milwaukee, February 15, 2018)[71]
D’Angelo Russell and Kyle Lowry (Brooklyn at Toronto, March 23, 2018)
Ben Simmons and LeBron James (Cleveland at Philadelphia, April 6, 2018)

text: NCAA Division I[edit]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a career:

Men's: Kyle Collinsworth (BYU, 2010–12, 2014–16) with 12 — six in 2014–15 and six again as a senior in 2015–16.[72] Prior to the triple-double being tracked as an NCAA statistic, Oscar Robertson (Cincinnati) had 10—five in 1958–59 and five in 1959–60.[73]
Women's: Sabrina Ionescu (Oregon, 2016–present) with 10 – four in 2016–17 and six in 2017–18.[74]

Consecutive triple-doubles: In Division I men's play, David Edwards (Texas A&M), Penny Hardaway (Memphis State), Tony Lee (Robert Morris), Gerald Lewis (SMU), Shaquille O’Neal (LSU), and Kevin Roberson (Vermont) each recorded two consecutive games with a triple-double.[75]

text: Uniquely, Danielle Carson recorded three consecutive triple-doubles in the 1985–86 season, becoming the only Division I player of either sex to do so. She began by recording 12 points, 10, rebounds, and 12 assists against Akron on November 29, 1985. The following day, she recorded 20 points, 12 rebounds, and at least 20 assists against Kent State (her exact assists total in that game is unknown). Finally, on December 2 against Cleveland State, Carson recorded 26 points, 15 rebounds, and 14 assists.[76]

text:
Most triple-doubles in a single season:

Men's: Kyle Collinsworth (BYU), with six – performed twice: in the 2014–15 season, and again in 2015–16.[72]
Women's: Danielle Carson (Youngstown State) and Sabrina Ionescu (Oregon), each with six — Carson in 1985–86[76] and Ionescu in 2017–18.

Triple-doubles in NCAA tournament history:

text:
Name
Team
Score
Opponent
Round
Date
Minutes
played
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

Robertson, OscarOscar Robertson
Cincinnati
98–85
Louisville
Third place
000000001959-03-21-0000March 21, 1959
39
39
17
10
—
—
[78]

Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson
Michigan State
95–64
Lamar
Second round
000000001979-03-10-0000March 10, 1979
35
13
17
10

Johnson, MagicMagic Johnson
Michigan State
101–67
Penn
Final Four
000000001979-03-24-0000March 24, 1979
35
29
10
10
3
0
[78]

Grant, GaryGary Grant
Michigan
97–109
North Carolina
Second round
000000001987-03-14-0000March 14, 1987
39
24
10
10
1
0
[79]

O'Neal, ShaquilleShaquille O'Neal
LSU
94–83
BYU
First round
000000001992-03-19-0000March 19, 1992
31
26
13
4
1
11
[78]

Cain, DavidDavid Cain
St. John's
85–67
Texas Tech
First round
000000001993-03-18-0000March 18, 1993
37
12
11
11
1
0
[80]

Miller, AndreAndre Miller
Utah
76–51
Arizona
Elite Eight
000000001998-03-21-0000March 21, 1998
36
18
14
13
2
1
[78]

Wade, DwyaneDwyane Wade
Marquette
83–69
Kentucky
Elite Eight
000000002003-03-29-0000March 29, 2003
35
29
11
11
1
4
[78]

Aldrich, ColeCole Aldrich
Kansas
60–43
Dayton
Second round
000000002009-03-22-0000March 22, 2009
31
13
20
1
0
10
[81]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
Michigan State
76–78
UCLA
First round
000000002011-03-17-0000March 17, 2011
37
23
11
10
4
0
[82]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
Michigan State
89–67
Long Island
Second round
000000002012-03-16-0000March 16, 2012
35
24
12
10
1
0
[83]

text:
Name
Team
Score
Opponent
Round
Date
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

Lander, CassandraCassandra Lander
Cincinnati

Georgia
First round
000000001982-03-12-0000March 12, 1982
17
11
10
—
—
[76]

Donovan, AnneAnne Donovan
Old Dominion

Penn State
Elite Eight
000000001983-03-26-0000March 26, 1983
20
13
—
—
12
[76]

Davis, JoniJoni Davis
Missouri

LSU
First round
000000001984-03-18-0000March 18, 1984
14
11
10
—
—
[76]

Meier, KatieKatie Meier
Duke

Manhattan
First round
000000001987-03-11-0000March 11, 1987
16
11
10
—
—
[76]

Jordan, PaulinePauline Jordan
UNLV

Colorado
Second round
000000001989-03-18-0000March 18, 1989
22
17
—
—
11
[76]

Henning, SonjaSonja Henning
Stanford

Cal State Fullerton
Second round
000000001991-03-16-0000March 16, 1991
19
10
10
—
—
[76]

Johnson, NiesaNiesa Johnson
Alabama

Duke
Second round
000000001995-03-18-0000March 18, 1995
28
12
14
—
—
[76]

Henderson, TracyTracy Henderson
Georgia

Louisville
Second round
000000001995-03-19-0000March 19, 1995
14
13
—
—
10
[76]

Penicheiro, TichaTicha Penicheiro
Old Dominion

Saint Francis (PA)
First round
000000001998-03-13-0000March 13, 1998
22
—
15
14
—
[76]

Powell, NicoleNicole Powell
Stanford

Weber State
First round
000000002002-03-16-0000March 16, 2002
20
11
10
—
—
[76]

Powell, NicoleNicole Powell
Stanford

Tulane
Second round
000000002002-03-18-0000March 18, 2002
16
10
10
—
—
[76]

Haynie, KristinKristin Haynie
Michigan State

Vanderbilt
Sweet Sixteen
000000002005-03-27-0000March 27, 2005
16
10
10
—
—
[76]

Diggins, SkylarSkylar Diggins
Notre Dame
80–49
Maryland
Elite Eight
000000002012-03-27-0000March 27, 2012
13
10
10
—
—
[76]

Mosqueda-Lewis, KaleenaKaleena Mosqueda-Lewis
Connecticut
91–52
Saint Joseph's
Second round
000000002014-03-25-0000March 25, 2014
20
10
10
—
—
[76]

Logic, SamanthaSamantha Logic
Iowa
66–81
Baylor
Sweet Sixteen
000000002015-03-27-0000March 27, 2015
13
10
14
—
—
[76]

Ionescu, SabrinaSabrina Ionescu
Oregon
88–45
Seattle
First round
000000002018-03-16-0000March 16, 2018
19
10
11
—
—
[74]

text:
Others

Kalara McFadyen of Memphis achieved perhaps the most unusual triple-double in history, and she did it without scoring a point or even attempting a shot from either the field or the free-throw line. On February 3, 2002, in a women's Division I game against Charlotte, she had 12 assists, 10 steals, and 10 rebounds.[84][85]

text: Quadruple-double[edit]

text: A quadruple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double digit number total in four of five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals and blocked shots—in a game.[86] This feat is extremely rare:[86][87] only four players have officially recorded a quadruple-double in National Basketball Association (NBA) history. The first American male player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Nate Thurmond, who achieved this feat in 1974 while playing for the NBA's Chicago Bulls. The first American female player above the high school level to officially record a quadruple-double was Ann Meyers, who achieved this feat in 1978 while playing for the UCLA Bruins, when women's college sports were under the auspices of the AIAW.[88] The first male player in NCAA Division I history to record a quadruple-double was Lester Hudson in 2007.[89] The first Division I women's player to have officially recorded a quadruple-double since the NCAA began sponsoring women's sports in 1981–82 was Veronica Pettry of Loyola–Chicago in 1989. Only three other women have done so since, and Shakyla Hill's quadruple-double for Grambling State in 2018 was the first since 1993. An earlier player, Jackie Spencer of Louisville, accomplished the feat against Cincinnati during the 1984–85 season, but the NCAA did not record assists and steals throughout Division I women's basketball at that time. The Metro Conference, then home to both schools, did officially record these statistics, but the NCAA did not start doing so until 1985–86 for assists and 1987–88 for steals.[76]

text: NBA[edit]

text: Quadruple-doubles have only been possible since the 1973–74 season, when the NBA started recording both blocked shots and steals. It is often speculated by observers that other all-time greats, namely Oscar Robertson (all time triple-doubles leader with 181[90][91]), Wilt Chamberlain, Bill Russell and Jerry West could conceivably have had quadruple-doubles.[87] West's biography at NBA.com claims that he once recorded an unofficial quadruple-double with 44 points, 12 rebounds, 10 assists and 10 blocks.[92] A biography of Wilt Chamberlain claims that he also recorded an unofficial quadruple-double in Game 1 of the 1967 Eastern Division Finals against the Boston Celtics, when he had 24 points, 32 rebounds, 13 assists and 12 blocks.[93]

text: The reason why [the quadruple-double] is such a hard thing to accomplish is because it requires a player to be completely dominant on both ends of the court without being too selfish—so he can get the assists—and without fouling out trying to block every shot or grab every rebound. A lot of guys can get the points, rebounds and assists, but it's the defensive stuff that messes everybody up. You have to love defense to get a quadruple-double. There's no way around it.

text: The four players listed below are the only players who have officially recorded a quadruple-double in an NBA game. Except for Thurmond, who retired before the award was established in 1983, all of them have won NBA Defensive Player of the Year at least once.[94]

text:
Name
Date
Team
Score
Opponent
Min
Points
Reb
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Ref

Thurmond, NateNate Thurmond*
000000001974-10-18-0000October 18, 1974
Chicago Bulls
120–115
Atlanta Hawks
45
22
14
13
1
12
Yes (OT)
[95]

Robertson, AlvinAlvin Robertson
000000001986-02-18-0000February 18, 1986
San Antonio Spurs
120–114
Phoenix Suns
36
20
11
10
10
0
No
[96]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*
000000001990-03-29-0000March 29, 1990
Houston Rockets
120–94
Milwaukee Bucks
40
18
16
10
1
11
No
[97]

Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson*
000000001994-02-17-0000February 17, 1994
San Antonio Spurs
115–96
Detroit Pistons
43
34
10
10
2
10
No
[98]

text: Only seven other players (Clyde Drexler did it twice) have managed to finish with triple-doubles and a total of 9 in a fourth statistical category (statistical categories in which they fell short are in bold):

text:
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Minutes
played
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

Barry, RickRick Barry*
000000001974-10-29-0000October 29, 1974
Golden State Warriors
Buffalo Braves
43
30
10
11
9
—
No
[99][100]

Steele, LarryLarry Steele
000000001974-11-16-0000November 16, 1974
Portland Trail Blazers
Los Angeles Lakers
44
12
11
9
10
—
No
[101][102]

Moore, JohnnyJohnny Moore
000000001985-01-08-0000January 8, 1985
San Antonio Spurs
Golden State Warriors
36
26
11
13
9
—
No
[103]

Bird, LarryLarry Bird*[a]
000000001985-02-18-0000February 18, 1985
Boston Celtics
Utah Jazz
33
30
12
10
9
—
No
[104][105]

Richardson, Micheal RayMicheal Ray Richardson
000000001985-10-30-0000October 30, 1985
New Jersey Nets
Indiana Pacers
54
38
11
11
9
—
Yes (3 OT)
[106]

Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
000000001986-01-10-0000January 10, 1986
Portland Trail Blazers
Milwaukee Bucks
42
26
9
11
10
—
No
[102]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon*[b]
000000001990-03-03-0000March 3, 1990
Houston Rockets
Golden State Warriors
40
29
18
9[b]
5
11
No
[107]

Drexler, ClydeClyde Drexler*
000000001996-11-01-0000November 1, 1996
Houston Rockets
Sacramento Kings
42
25
10
9
10
—
No
[108]

text: Notes

text:
a Bird sat out the entire fourth quarter. After three quarters, head coach K. C. Jones informed Bird that he was one steal away from a quadruple-double and asked if he wanted to stay in the game. Bird declined, saying that he "already did enough damage."[109][110]
b Olajuwon was credited with 9 assists in the original box score. However, after Rockets officials reviewed the game tape and discovered what they believe was an uncredited assist in the first quarter, they revised the box score, crediting Olajuwon with 10 assists and the third quadruple-double in NBA history. NBA's director of operations, Rod Thorn, requested to review the tape. After reviewing the tape, the league disallowed Olajuwon's quadruple-double and announced that his original line—with 9 assists—is official.[111][112]

text: Other men's basketball[edit]

text:
League
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

NJCAA
Francis, SteveSteve Francis
000000001997-11-16-0000November 16, 1997
Allegany College of Maryland
Vincennes
24
10
11
10
—
—
[113]

French National League
Lewis, DerrickDerrick Lewis[c]
000000001990-02-24-0000February 24, 1990
Reims
Lorient
20
11
—
12
10
No
[114]

National Basketball League (Australia)
Rowe, DarenDaren Rowe[d]
000000001990-01-01-00001990
Geelong Supercats
North Melbourne Giants
25
17
11
—
11
No
[115]

Chinese Basketball Association
Hu Xuefeng
000000002004-12-08-0000December 8, 2004
Jiangsu Dragons
Yunnan Bulls
16
10
12
10
—
No
[116]

FIBA Europe Under-16 Championship
Rubio, RickyRicky Rubio
000000002006-08-19-0000August 19, 2006
Spain
Croatia
19
10
13
11
—
No
[117]

Metropolitan Basketball Association
Belano, DonbelDonbel Belano
000000001999-08-14-0000August 14, 1999
Davao Eagles
Nueva Ecija Patriots
19
11
11
10
—
No
[117]

American Basketball Association (2000–)
Staten, JamelJamel Staten
000000002007-02-02-0000February 2, 2007
Minnesota Ripknees
St. Louis Stunners
17
11
11
10
—
No
[118]

NCAA (Division I)
Hudson, LesterLester Hudson[e]
000000002007-11-13-0000November 13, 2007
UT Martin
Central Baptist
25
12
10
10
1
No
[89][119]

Continental Basketball Association
Blackburn, JermaineJermaine Blackburn
000000002008-12-20-0000December 20, 2008
East Kentucky Miners
West Virginia Wild
22
10
14
10
—
No
[120]

High school boys
Benimon, JerrelleJerrelle Benimon
000000002009-02-17-0000February 17, 2009
Fauquier HS
Osbourn HS
13
17
11
—
10
No
[121]

Chinese Basketball Association
Williams, ChrisChris Williams
000000002009-12-25-0000December 25, 2009
Qingdao Doublestar
Dongguan Leopards
15
11
11
11
—
No
[122]

High school boys
Isaiah Grant
000000002014-12-06-0000December 6, 2014
Sequoia Pathway Academy
Berean Academy
11
10
10
10
–
No
[123]

NJCAA
Clifford Wilson
000000001979-02-14-0000February 14, 1979
Fulton-Montgomery
Hudson Valley
31
18
10
—
15
No
[citation needed]

NJCAA
Monroe Pippins
000000001995-02-09-0000February 9, 1995
Fulton-Montgomery
Herkimer
34
17
10
11
—
No
[citation needed]

Ukrainian First league
Vitaliy Bykov
000000002016-12-17-0000December 17, 2016
BC Zaporizhya-2
BC Kramatorsk
14
13
11
12
—
No
[124]

Liga Super Basketball U-18
Natan Oliveira
000000002017-04-08-0000April 8, 2017
Colégio Sul Americano
Rappers
32
11
10
16
—
No
[125]

text: Notes

text:
c This is the only quadruple-double in French National League history.[114]
d This is the only quadruple-double in National Basketball League history.[115]
e This is the only quadruple-double in NCAA Division I men's basketball history.[89] The opponent, Central Baptist, plays in the NAIA.

text: Women's basketball[edit]

text: Mostly accurate as of January 2018[update]. NCAA records are complete for Divisions I and II, but not for Division III; specifically, entering the 2017–18 season, there have been a total of eight quadruple-doubles in Division III play, and one player, Suzy Venet of Mount Union (1994–1998), had two in her career, both in the 1996–97 season.[126] NAIA records are also incomplete.

text:
League
Name
Date
Team
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Reference

American Basketball League
Black, DebbieDebbie Black
000000001996-12-08-0000December 8, 1996
Colorado Xplosion
Atlanta Glory
10
14
12
10
—
[127][128]

Israeli Basketball Super League
Brown, EdwinaEdwina Brown
000000002008-12-01-0000December 2008
Ramat Hen
Hapoel Holon
22
10
10
10
—
[129]

Greek Women's Basketball League
Dimitrakou, ZoiZoi Dimitrakou
000000002009-03-22-0000March 22, 2009
G.S. Megas Alexandros
Aris Holargou
49
18
10
12
—
[130]

Russian Premier League
Kalmykova, MariaMaria Kalmykova
000000002001-01-21-0000January 21, 2001
Chevakata Vologda
Dynamo Kursk
20
15
11
—
11
[131]

European U16 Championship
Verameyenka, AnastasiyaAnastasiya Verameyenka
000000002003-04-20-0000April 20, 2003
Belarus U16 NT
Czech U16 NT
21
10
—
10
12
[132]

AIAW Division I women
Meyers, AnnAnn Meyers
000000001978-02-18-0000February 18, 1978
UCLA
Stephen F. Austin
20
14
10
10
—
[88]

NCAA Division I women
Spencer, JackieJackie Spencer[a]
000000001985-02-02-0000February 2, 1985
Louisville
Cincinnati
14
12
14
10
—
[133]

NCAA Division I women
Pettry, VeronicaVeronica Pettry
000000001989-03-04-0000March 4, 1989
Loyola (Chicago)
Detroit
12
10
22
11
—
[133]

NCAA Division I women
Jones, RamonaRamona Jones
000000001991-01-14-0000January 14, 1991
Lamar
UCF
10
10
10
12
—
[133]

NCAA Division I women
Tate, SonjaSonja Tate
000000001993-01-27-0000January 27, 1993
Arkansas State
Mississippi Valley State
29
14
10
10
—
[133]

NCAA Division I women
Hill, ShakylaShakyla Hill
000000002018-01-03-0000January 3, 2018
Grambling State
Alabama State
15
10
10
10
—
[134]

NCAA Division II women
Watkins, TereskaTereska Watkins
000000001997-02-08-0000February 8, 1997
Fort Valley State
???
12
12
10
10
—
[135]

NCAA Division III women
Esteves, EvitaEvita Esteves
000000002004-02-05-0000February 5, 2004
Emmanuel (MA)
Johnson & Wales
10
10
11
13
—
[136][137]

NCAA Division III women
Purnell, DannaDanna Purnell
000000002007-02-10-0000February 10, 2007
SUNY-Old Westbury
New Rochelle
14
10
11
13
—
[136][138]

NCAA Division III women
Williams, LatiquaLatiqua Williams
000000002008-11-16-0000November 16, 2008
Bard
New Rochelle
21
13
10
11
—
[139]

NAIA women
Gonzales, SuzanneSuzanne Gonzales[b]
000000001989-02-11-0000February 11, 1989
Southern Colorado
Western State[141]
13
12
10
11
—
[135]

Ukrainian Professional Basketball League
Iagupova, AlinaAlina Iagupova
000000002011-05-15-0000May 15, 2011
BC Dnipro
Luhanski Lastivky
28
15
13
10
—
Stats

text:
Jump up ^ The NCAA does not consider Spencer's quadruple-double to be official. Although the Metro Conference, then home to both teams involved in this game, kept records in all of the relevant statistical categories in the 1984–85 season, the NCAA did not. Assists were not recorded throughout Division I women's basketball until 1985–86, and steals were not so recorded until 1987–88.[133]
Jump up ^ Although Gonzales played for a school that is now a member of NCAA Division II, the NCAA does not consider her quadruple-double to be official for two reasons. First, the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, then as now home to both teams involved in this game, then competed in the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics (NAIA), and was not an NCAA conference until 1992–93.[140] In addition, the NCAA did not record steals throughout Division II women's basketball until 1992–93.[135]

text: Quintuple-double[edit]

text: A quintuple-double is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a double-digit number total in all five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocked shots—-in a single game.[142] There are only two known quintuple-doubles, both done at the high-school level. The first was recorded by Tamika Catchings of Duncanville High School (Duncanville, Texas) and Adlai Stevenson High School Lincolnshire, Illinois with 25 points, 18 rebounds, 11 assists, 10 steals and 10 blocks in 1997.[143] The second was by Aimee Oertner of Northern Lehigh High School (Slatington, Pennsylvania), who had 26 points, 20 rebounds, 10 assists, 10 steals, and 11 blocks on January 7, 2012.[144]

text: Five-by-five[edit]

text: A five-by-five is defined as a performance in which a player accumulates a total of five in five statistical categories—points, rebounds, assists, steals, and blocks—in a single game.[145] Statistics for steals and blocks were not kept in the NBA until the 1973–74 season, so NBA five-by-fives were only possible from that season onward. Hakeem Olajuwon (six times) and Andrei Kirilenko (three times) are the only players to have recorded multiple five-by-fives (based on records since the 1984–85 season).[145] Both are also the only players to record five-by-sixes (at least six in all five statistical categories).[145] Only twice has a five-by-five coincided with a triple-double (both by Olajuwon) and only three times has a player recorded a five-by-five without registering at least a double-double (two by Kirilenko and one by Marcus Camby).

text: NBA[edit]

text: The following is a list of known five-by-fives. Note the list contains all five-by-fives since the 1984–85 season, as well as one before. There may be other five-by-fives in the NBA that occurred before the 1984–85 season.

text:
Name
Date
Age
Team
Score
Opponent
Points
Rebounds
Assists
Steals
Blocks
Overtime
Reference

Erving, JuliusJulius Erving
000000001979-12-05-0000December 5, 1979
7004108780000000000♠29 years, 286 days
Philadelphia 76ers
132–120
San Antonio Spurs
28
7
10
5
5
No
[146][147]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001987-03-10-0000March 10, 1987
7003881400000000000♠24 years, 48 days
Houston Rockets
127–136
Seattle SuperSonics
38
17
6
7
12
Yes (2OT)
[148]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001990-03-03-0000March 3, 1990
7003990300000000000♠27 years, 41 days
Houston Rockets
129–109
Golden State Warriors
29
18
9
5
11
No
[107]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001992-04-11-0000April 11, 1992
7004106730000000000♠29 years, 81 days
Houston Rockets
92–99
Dallas Mavericks
19
13
6
5
5
No
[149]

Robinson, DavidDavid Robinson
000000001992-11-10-0000November 10, 1992
7003995800000000000♠27 years, 96 days
San Antonio Spurs
104–98
Milwaukee Bucks
29
9
5
5
10
No
[150]

Coleman, DerrickDerrick Coleman
000000001993-01-15-0000January 15, 1993
7003934000000000000♠25 years, 208 days
New Jersey Nets
110–105
Philadelphia 76ers
21
10
7
5
5
Yes (OT)
[151]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-04-22-0000April 22, 1993
7004110490000000000♠30 years, 91 days
Houston Rockets
112–110
Minnesota Timberwolves
33
13
5
5
5
Yes (OT)
[152]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-11-05-0000November 5, 1993
7004112460000000000♠30 years, 288 days
Houston Rockets
110–88
New Jersey Nets
24
19
6
5
5
No
[153]

Olajuwon, HakeemHakeem Olajuwon
000000001993-12-30-0000December 30, 1993
7004113010000000000♠30 years, 343 days
Houston Rockets
110–104
Minnesota Timberwolves
34
10
5
5
8
No
[154]

Divac, VladeVlade Divac
000000001995-02-22-0000February 22, 1995
7003988100000000000♠27 years, 19 days
Los Angeles Lakers
112–100
Philadelphia 76ers
19
12
8
5
5
No
[155]

Tinsley, JamaalJamaal Tinsley
000000002001-11-16-0000November 16, 2001
7003866200000000000♠23 years, 261 days
Indiana Pacers
113–120
Minnesota Timberwolves
12
9
15
6
5
Yes (2OT)
[156]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002003-12-03-0000December 3, 2003
7003832300000000000♠22 years, 288 days
Utah Jazz
101–107
Houston Rockets
19
5
7
8
5
Yes (OT)
[157]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002003-12-10-0000December 10, 2003
7003833000000000000♠22 years, 295 days
Utah Jazz
95–73
New York Knicks
10
12
6
6
5
No
[158]

Camby, MarcusMarcus Camby
000000002004-01-09-0000January 9, 2004
7004108850000000000♠29 years, 293 days
Denver Nuggets
106–96
Utah Jazz
8
11
5
5
8
No
[159]

Kirilenko, AndreiAndrei Kirilenko
000000002006-01-03-0000January 3, 2006
7003908500000000000♠24 years, 319 days
Utah Jazz
90–80
Los Angeles Lakers
14
8
9
6
7
No
[160]

Batum, NicolasNicolas Batum
000000002012-12-16-0000December 16, 2012
7003876800000000000♠24 years, 2 days
Portland Trail Blazers
95–94
New Orleans Hornets
11
5
10
5
5
No
[161]

Green, DraymondDraymond Green
000000002015-12-11-0000December 11, 2015
7003941300000000000♠25 years, 282 days
Golden State Warriors
124–119
Boston Celtics
24
11
8
5
5
Yes (2OT)
[162]

text: Facts[edit]

text: All facts based on data since 1985–86:

text:
Greatest five-by-fives (most of each stat): Hakeem Olajuwon, on March 10, 1987, became the first in NBA history to record a five-by-six (at least 6 each of all five statistics: points, rebounds, assists, blocks, steals).[163] It took nearly twenty years for the second official occurrence in NBA history. Andrei Kirilenko, on January 3, 2006, recorded a five-by-six against the Lakers. Though his numbers were not quite as impressive as Olajuwon's, Kirilenko performed the feat in regulation.
Most five-by-fives in a career: Hakeem Olajuwon leads all players with 6 career five-by-fives.[145] Andrei Kirilenko, with 3, is the only other player with more than one career five-by-five.
Most five-by-fives in the same season: Only twice has a player recorded two five-by-fives in a season. Olajuwon in the 1993–94 season, and Kirilenko in the 2003–04 season.
Quickest pair of five-by-fives: Kirilenko performed a five-by-five on December 3, 2003, and completed another just a week later, on December 10, 2003. The second quickest five-by-fives were completed by Olajuwon on November 5, 1993, and another, 55 days later, on December 30, 1993.
Youngest player: Kirilenko's first NBA five-by-five came on December 3, 2003, making him the youngest to record a five-by-five at age 22 years, 288 days.
Oldest player: Olajuwon is the oldest player to record a five-by-five. His last career five-by-five came on December 30, 1993, at which time he was 30 years, 343 days old.


document_title: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

question_text: who are the nine judges that sit on the state court of criminal appeals

root

text: Texas Court of Criminal Appeals

text: Jurisdiction[edit]

text: In Texas, the Court of Criminal Appeals has final jurisdiction over all criminal matters (excluding juvenile proceedings, which are considered civil matters), while the Texas Supreme Court is the last word on all civil matters including juvenile proceedings even if a criminal act is involved.

tag: p

text: The Court of Criminal Appeals exercises discretionary review over criminal cases, which means that it may choose whether or not to review a case. The only cases that the Court must hear are those involving the sentencing of capital punishment or the denial of bail.

text: Court composition[edit]

text: The Court is composed of a Presiding Judge and eight judges (unlike the Texas Supreme Court which is composed of a Chief Justice and eight Justices). Each judge serves a six-year term beginning January 1 and ending December 31, and they are elected in staggered partisan elections. Although all nine seats are elected at large, the Presiding Judge seat is separately designated from the other seats.

text: In order to be a judge, a person must be at least 35 years of age, a United States and Texas citizen, licensed to practice law in Texas, and must have practiced law for at least 10 years. A person 75 years or older cannot run for a seat on the Court of Criminal Appeals.[2] A person who becomes 75 during their term of office cannot serve more than four years of their term of office.[3] The Governor of Texas, subject to Senate confirmation, may appoint a judge to serve out the remainder of any unexpired term until the next general election.

text: Current judges of the Texas Court of Criminal Appeals[edit]

text:
Judge
Position
Term Begin
Term Expiry
Party
Term Note

Sharon Keller

Presiding Judge, Place 1

2013
2018
Republican

Mary Lou Keel

Judge, Place 2

2017
2021
Republican

Bert Richardson

Judge, Place 3

2015
2020
Republican

Kevin Patrick Yeary

Judge, Place 4

2015
2020
Republican

Scott Walker

Judge, Place 5

2017
2021
Republican

Michael Keasler

Judge, Place 6

2011
2021
Republican
Re-elected 8 November 2016

Barbara Hervey

Judge, Place 7

2013
2018
Republican

Elsa Alcala

Judge, Place 8

2013
2018
Republican
Will not run for re-election

David Newell

Judge, Place 9

2015
2020
Republican

tag: table

text: Capital punishment[edit]

text: According to a 2000 special article in the Chicago Tribune, from 1995 to 2000, records show that the court has granted new trials in capital cases eight times and new sentencing six times while affirming 270 capital convictions.[4][5]

text: On the occasions when the Court of Criminal Appeals grants relief, it sometimes reconsiders. At least six defendants executed since 1995 were granted new trials by the court because the court ruled that fundamental violations of their rights occurred and then had their convictions reinstated after the court changed its mind.[4]

text: Selection of attorneys for indigent appellants[edit]

text: The appointment of attorneys for indigent defendants in capital cases is a source of controversy. District Court judges appoint lawyers for trial and a defendant's initial appeal. Of the 131 inmates executed under Governor George W. Bush, 43 were represented by an attorney who at some point has been disbarred, suspended or otherwise sanctioned.[4]

text: The appointment of attorneys for an inmate's final appeals, which allow attorneys to move beyond what occurred at trial and investigate for new evidence, has also proved troublesome. Attorneys at this stage can argue, for instance, that prosecutors improperly concealed evidence favorable to the defendant.[4]

text: Before 1995, appellants were not guaranteed an attorney for final appeals. In 1995, Texas revamped its system with a new law that collapsed the layers of appeal and set strict filing deadlines seeking to ensure that defendants received one full, fair set of appeals. The state agreed to pay for court-appointed attorneys to handle the final appeals for Death Row inmates. The Court of Criminal Appeals got the job of making these appointments. While assigning attorneys in about 300 cases, the Court of Criminal Appeals tapped some with questionable credentials or little experience.[4][5]

text: For at least eight Death Row inmates, the court handpicked an attorney who previously had been sanctioned by the State Bar of Texas for misconduct, including one attorney who was still on probation. He was among four attorneys appointed by the court who had been disciplined more than once. In a ninth case, the attorney was sanctioned shortly after his appointment. The misconduct ranged from relatively minor infractions to serious violations. They included failing to show up in court, lying to the State Bar of Texas or to a judge, and dismissing a client's legal claim without the client's permission or knowledge.[4]

text: Notable cases[edit]

text: Ricky Kerr[edit]

text: In April 1996, Robert McGlohon, who had worked as a briefing attorney for one of the appeals court judges, had been a lawyer for less than three years when he was appointed by the court to handle Ricky Kerr's state habeas corpus petition. He filed only one claim, a challenge to the law itself, rather than raise issues that might have granted Kerr a new trial. Thus, per Texas law, he forfeited Kerr's right to raise other issues later.[4][5]

text: The CCA, though noticing how thin McGlohon's petition was, denied Kerr's appeal. When Kerr could not contact McGlohan, he wrote to the court and asked for another lawyer and a new appeal. McGlohan submitted an affidavit in which he admitted "it may be that I was not competent to represent Mr. Kerr." He blamed a lack of experience and health problems. Prosecutors told the court they would not oppose Kerr's motion for a new lawyer.[4]

text: However, in 1998, the court responded with a two-paragraph denial. Judge Overstreet, dissented and stated that the court had made a "farce and travesty" of Kerr's rights and that if Kerr were executed, the court would "have blood on its hands." "By this dissent," Overstreet concluded, "I wash my hands of such repugnance."[4][5][6]

text: Kerr was granted a stay of execution by Orlando Garcia, a federal judge, two days from his scheduled execution by lethal injection. Judge Garcia found that McGlohon's appointment "constituted a cynical and reprehensible attempt to expedite [Kerr's] execution at the expense of all semblance of fairness and integrity.[5]

text: On November 22, 2011, Ricky Kerr was resentenced to life imprisonment, after the conclusion of a new punishment trial that occurred when it was discovered his original trial counsel failed to discover mitigating evidence justifying only a life sentence. [1] [2]

text: Cesar Fierro[edit]

text: In 1996 the court in a 5–4 vote denied a new trial to Cesar Fierro who had been coerced into confessing to murdering El Paso cab driver Nicolas Castanon in 1979. It had been revealed after trial that the Juarez police had threatened to torture his mother and stepfather unless he confessed. He was arrested when Gerardo Olague, a 16-year-old, implicated Fierro, five months after Castanon's slaying. Before that, nothing had linked Fierro to the crime.[4] A detective, Al Medrano, was aware that the confession had been coerced but denied same at trial. The prosecutor and the trial judge agreed that Fierro deserved a new trial, however Keller and the Court of Criminal Appeals disagreed.[4][7]

text: Olague testified that Castanon had agreed to give Fierro and Olague a ride to Juarez and Fierro shot and killed Castanon on the way there. Fierro was in an El Paso jail when police questioned him about the Castanon murder. He stated that local police told him that his parents were being held hostage in Mexico by Juarez detectives. Fierro said in a recent interview from Death Row in Livingston: "He told me if I signed, then they'd let them go, and if not, they were going to torture them." At Fierro's trial, Juarez and El Paso police denied wrongdoing.[4]

text: The opinion, written by Presiding Judge Sharon Keller, accepted the trial court's conclusion of law that "there was a strong likelihood that the Defendant's confession had been coerced by the actions of the Juarez police and by the knowledge and acqiesence [sic] of those actions by Det. Medrano."[8] However, though acknowledging that Fierro's "due process rights were violated", it concluded that "the error was harmless" and denied the motion for a new trial.[4][9]

text: The majority indicated that the "knowing use of perjured testimony" is trial error and that applicant had to prove harm by a preponderance of evidence. In addition to the confession, the state also had the testimony of Gerardo Olague, an eyewitness to the murder. Though, Fierro's confession alleged that Olague was an accomplice if the confession had been excluded, there would have been no need to corroborate Olague's testimony and Fierro has shown no reason to doubt Olague's testimony. Thus it was more probable than not that the outcome of the trial would have been the same without the confession and Fierro had not met his burden.[10]

text: There were four dissents filed, by Judges Clinton, Maloney, Baird, and Overstreet. Overstreet called a confession the "most powerful piece of evidence" a prosecutor can offer. He said it was "totally inconceivable" that Fierro's confession did not convince the jurors of his guilt.[4] Judges Maloney and Overstreet felt that the burden should have been on the state to show that the "perjured testimony" did no harm. However, they thought that Fierro had proved harm by a preponderance of evidence. They pointed out that the prosecutor had testified that had he known the confession was coerced he would have joined a motion to suppress it which he felt would have been granted. Without the confession, he would then not have proceeded with the prosecution unless he could have corroborated Olague's testimony because he felt Olague was "not the most credible witness". They felt that this demonstrated that the prosecutor considered the confession to be critical and therefore it contributed to Fierro's conviction. Further, in the Supreme Court case the majority cited to support its claim that the error here is subject to a harmless error analysis, "the Supreme Court recognized that some trial errors may be so egregious as to entitle an applicant to relief even if the error could not be shown to affect the jury's verdict." They felt that was the case here.[11]

text: Roy Criner[edit]

text: Another controversial decision was in 1998 when by a 5–3 decision (one judge abstaining) the CCA denied a new trial to Roy Criner, who had been convicted of sexual assault in 1990, although newly available DNA testing showed that he was not the source of the sperm found in the victim.

text: On the evening of September 27, 1986, Criner, a logger from New Caney, Texas, told his boss (Pitts) and two friends (Hooker and Ringo) that he had picked up a hitchhiker, driven her to Pitts' logging facility, threatened to kill her with a screwdriver, raped her, and thrown her out of the truck. Their testimony was not uniform, e.g., Ringo testified that Criner did not give any date or time-frame as to when these events with the girl took place nor did he state he had non-consensual sex with her or killed or caused her great bodily harm. Hooker agreed that Criner never stated that he had non-consensual sex with the girl or threatened to kill her but testified that Criner had picked the hitchhiker up at a store in New Caney.[12][13][14][15][16] Earlier that evening, ninth grader Deanna Ogg stopped at a store in New Caney to buy cigarettes and told the cashier that "she was going to a party".[17][18] Approximately fifteen minutes before Criner told Pitts about the evening's events, Ogg's body was found near the logging facility; she had been raped, beaten, and stabbed.[18][19][20] The medical examiner concluded that the wounds could have been made with a screwdriver,[21] "among other things".[19] Five days later, having interviewed Pitts, Hooker, and Ringo, and having found a screwdriver in Criner's truck (he had consented to its being searched), the police arrested Criner for the murder.[18] The murder charge was dropped for lack of evidence, however, and aggravated sexual assault was substituted.[15]

text: When the case came to trial in 1990, prosecutors relied primarily on testimony by Pitts, Hooker, and Ringo about Criner's statements to them.[22] Other evidence—including a cigarette butt found at the scene (Criner didn't smoke, and the brand wasn't Ogg's), and, to the "amaze[ment]" of the appellate court,[23] the screwdriver itself—was not introduced. According to the Houston Free Press, David Walker, the prosecutor, "failed to tell the jury, or the defense, that the screwdriver had been examined and tested [and showed no tie to the crime], though no written record of any test existed." District Attorney Mike McDougal claims it was never tested. In sum, the state had 27 pieces of forensic evidence, none of which connected Criner to the crime.[18][24] Cringer's defense lawyers told the Houston Press and Frontline that they believed the evidence against their client "was so shaky that a jury would never convict" so they put on no defense witnesses and did not adequately cross-examine Pitts, who told Frontline and allegedly the police who ignored him, that there was no way Criner had time to commit the murder.[18][25] Nevertheless, Criner was convicted and sentenced to 99 years.[18][26][27]

text: On appeal, Criner claimed that the evidence was insufficient to convict him of rape and insufficient to prove that he was responsible for the aggravating element, i.e. the head injury to Ogg.[25][28][29] A divided panel of the intermediate appellate court agreed with his second claim and thus did not rule on his first one.[28][30] A divided Court of Criminal Appeals reversed,[31] and the conviction became final.[32]

text: In 1997, the semen found in Ogg was subjected to newly available DNA testing. It was not Criner's.[15][33][34] Criner filed a habeas corpus petition for a new trial, advancing two arguments: an "actual innocence" claim based on the new DNA evidence, and a Brady claim. The following year, the trial court recommended Criner receive a new trial.[35]

text: On May 16, 1998, the CCA, in a 5–3 decision,[36] overturned the district court's recommendation without written comment "[b]ecause there is overwhelming, direct evidence that establishes that [Criner] sexually assaulted the victim in this case..."[37] After Judge Baird filed a dissent,[12] Keller issued a written opinion on behalf of the majority.[37] The majority felt that the DNA evidence was irrelevant: "Evidence that the victim had sexual relations with someone other than [Criner] simply is not evidence that [he] is innocent."[38] The opinion states that "[t]here was testimony that the victim had had many boyfriends and that she 'loved sex.'"[39] However, the opinion does not dispute Judge Baird's assertion that the state did not put on evidence of Ogg's alleged promiscuity at trial.[40][41] Mike McDougal, the district attorney, denied that his office ever "impugned the reputation of Ogg" and claims not to know where Keller got information about the victim's purported promiscuity. However, the motion he filed in opposing a new trial for Criner included an affidavit from D.A. investigator John Stephenson that stated he had reviewed "the offense reports in the case" and "One report reflects that the deceased had lots of boyfriends and was very sexually active."[18]

text: The CCA agreed with arguments made by the state during the habeas hearing that the absence of Criner's semen could be explained by use of a condom or coitus interruptus and that the state could "produce evidence that the victim had had sexual relations with men other than the applicant", and concluded that "[t]he DNA evidence shows merely that the victim had sex[ ] with someone other than [Criner] at a time relatively near her death. It does not and cannot exclude the possibility that she also had sex[ ] with [Criner]."[42]

text: After the case was decided, Keller, Baird, and Joel Albrecht, the foreman of the trial jury, were among those interviewed by Frontline. Keller emphasized the importance of the finality of judgments, and said that Criner had not unquestionably established he was innocent, the applicable standard according to her. She reiterated that the "DNA evidence establishes that someone else had sex with this girl, who was promiscuous."[43] She added: "DNA evidence means different things in different contexts. It's like fingerprint evidence. If someone's fingerprints are at the scene of a crime, that means the person was there at some time or another. But if his fingerprints aren't there, it doesn't prove that he's innocent of a crime committed at that scene, especially if he's told people that he committed the crime[, as allegedly Criner had]." She also stated that an appellate court "look[s] at [new evidence] to see whether it would have made a difference in their verdict. If it would, he gets a new trial. If it wouldn't, then he doesn't." The Frontline interviewer responded "But you are not the jury."[25][44][45] Albrecht disagreed with Keller's majority opinion and stated: "I don't understand how the court could say what we would do. It would be impossible. I personally think if the DNA came forth stating that it was negative, that the verdict would not have been guilty."[18][25][25][45]

text: Baird disputed that Criner had "confessed" to the crime (Criner's statements to his friends "did not describe the young lady, or the location, and did not necessarily even describe a sexual act that was consistent with the accusations against [him],"). Further he pointed out that the state did not introduce any evidence at trial of Ogg's purported promiscuity. He accused the state of reversing itself, because it had originally argued that Ogg had not had sex with anybody besides Criner. Further, he pointed out that neither "failure to ejaculate" nor "use of a condom" arguments were presented to the jury at trial which the state does not dispute.[46] He emphasized that juries were the heart of the judicial system.[12][25][40][45] In 2009, Texas Monthly said of this interview that Keller appeared to have considered the DNA evidence "a technicality".[47]

text: Judge Tom Price, who ran for the Chief Judge's seat, said that Keller's Criner opinion had made the court a "national laughingstock".[26][48] Judge Mansfield, who had sided with the majority in denying Criner a hearing, told the Chicago Tribune that, after watching the Frontline documentary, reviewing briefs and considering the case at some length, he voted "the wrong way" and would change his vote if he could. "Judges, like anyone else, can make mistakes ... I hope I get a chance to fix it." He stated that he hoped Criner's lawyers filed a new appeal as he felt Criner deserved to get a new trial.[4]

text: Following the CCA's refusal to order a new trial, the cigarette butt found at the scene (and not adduced at trial) was subjected to DNA testing.[33] The DNA on the cigarette was not a match for Criner, but it was a match for the semen found in Ogg.[33] Ogg's DNA was also found on the cigarette, indicating that she shared a cigarette with the person who had sex with her (and who presumably killed her). These results convinced the district attorney, local sheriff and the trial judge that Criner was not guilty. The Texas Board of Pardons and Paroles recommended he be pardoned and, citing "credible new evidence [that] raises substantial doubt about [Criner's] guilt", then-Governor George W. Bush pardoned him in 2000.[15][26][28][49][50][51]

text: Charles D. Hood[edit]

text: In a 6-3 decision, the CCA reversed the district court's recommendation that a man facing the death penalty be granted a new trial for murder because of a romantic relationship between the prosecutor and the judge who heard the case. The affair had been rumored for years,[52] however it was confirmed only a year ago when Hood’s lawyers compelled the judge, Verla Sue Holland, and the prosecutor, Thomas S. O’Connell Jr., to give depositions under oath. Both officials had since retired.[53]

text: The decision did not discuss whether the affair had prejudiced the first trial; instead, the court the claim was rejected on that the issue should have raised it when Hood first appealed his 1990 conviction. Hood's attorneys had long tried to substantiate the rumors of the affair. They accused the majority of ignoring confirmation of it in the testimony of Judge Holland and prosecutor O’Connell. Judge Holland went on to serve on the Court of Criminal Appeals with all but one of the current members. “This decision by a court where eight of the nine judges once shared the bench with Judge Holland will only add to the perception that justice is skewed in Texas,” said Andrea Keilen, executive director of the Texas Defender Service, which represents Hood.[52][53][54][55]

text: Hood was convicted of the 1989 murder and robbery of a couple with whom he had been living in Plano, a Dallas suburb. Though he maintained his innocence, his bloody fingerprints were found at the scene, and he was arrested the next day in Indiana driving the murdered man’s car. Several former judges, prosecutors and experts on legal ethics have said that the affair makes it impossible to know if Hood received a fair trial and that it should be cause for a new proceeding.[53][56]

text: The dissenting opinion, pointed out that Judge Holland and O'Connell "took deliberate measures" to hide their affair." It was not until June 3, 2008, when Hood received the affidavit of Matthew Goeller, a former assistant district attorney, admitting knowledge of the affair, that there was any evidence of the romantic involvement of Holland and O'Connell. "Rumors and gossip, no matter how widespread, how detailed, or how extravagant, are not facts." It was not until Hood's attorneys obtained a court order requiring Judge Holland and Mr. O'Connell to give depositions that they were able to establish the facts about the affair. Under those circumstances, the dissent felt that Hood should not be penalized for his attorneys inability to prove the affairs existence earlier and should have been granted a new trial.[57]

text: Michael Richard[edit]

text: On September 25, 2007, Presiding Judge Keller refused convicted murderer Michael Richard's plea for a 20-minute extension to submit an appeal beyond the court's 5 p.m. closing time, due to his lawyer's alleged computer breakdown.[58] Following the denial of his stay application by the U.S. Supreme Court,[59] Richard was executed later that night. The United States Supreme Court had earlier that day accepted for consideration a case known as Baze v. Rees from Kentucky in which two death row inmates were challenging the constitutionality of lethal injection as a method of execution. Richard was the last person executed in the United States after the U.S. Supreme Court accepted the Baze case until after there was considerable further litigation. Keller, the Presiding Judge, made the decision not to accept the late appeal without consulting the duty judge or any of the other judges on the court. As a result, several judicial complaints were filed against Keller with the State Commission on Judicial Conduct. On February 19, 2009, the State Commission on Judicial Conduct charged Keller with misconduct, writing her behavior "constitutes incompetence in the performance of duties of office" and "casts public discredit on the judiciary." The CCA subsequently changed its rules to allow for late submissions in death penalty cases and other emergency situations, and recently enabled filing in death penalty execution cases and certain other emergency situations.[60]