document_title: List of Presidential Medal of Freedom recipients

question_text: when did neil armstrong received the presidential medal of freedom

text: Arts[edit]

text: Architecture[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Mies van der Rohe, LudwigLudwig Mies van der Rohe
1963
John F. Kennedy
[7]

Fuller, BuckminsterBuckminster Fuller
1983
Ronald Reagan
[8]

Pei, I. M.I. M. Pei
1993
George H. W. Bush
[9]

Gehry, FrankFrank Gehry
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

text: Art[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Andrew Wyeth
1963
John F. Kennedy
[11]

Willem de Kooning
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson
[12]

Alexander Calder
1977
Gerald Ford
Sculptor and painter – Posthumous[13]

Georgia O'Keeffe
1977
Gerald Ford
[14]

Norman Rockwell
1977
Gerald Ford
Painter and illustrator. Rockwell's son, Jarvis, accepted the award[15]

Roger L. Stevens
1988
Ronald Reagan
Theatrical producer, founding chair of the NEA, chair of the Kennedy Center

Walker Hancock
1990
George H. W. Bush
Sculptor, Monuments man in World War II

Jasper Johns
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

Maya Lin
2016
Barack Obama
Architect, designer of the Vietnam Memorial[10]

text: Dance[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Martha Graham
1976
Gerald Ford
With Distinction[16]

Lucia Chase
1980
Jimmy Carter
[17]

George Balanchine
1983
Ronald Reagan
[18]

Lincoln Kirstein
1984
Ronald Reagan
[19]

Chita Rivera
2009
Barack Obama
[20]

Alvin Ailey
2014
Barack Obama
Posthumous[21]

text: Movies & Theater[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Walt Disney
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson
Described as "Mr. Walter Disney"[22]

Lynn Fontanne
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson
[23]

Alfred Lunt
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson
[23]

Bob Hope
1969
Lyndon B. Johnson
[24]

Gregory Peck
1969
Lyndon B. Johnson

Samuel Goldwyn
1971
Richard Nixon

John Ford
1973
Richard Nixon

John Wayne
1980
Jimmy Carter
Posthumous[25]

Kirk Douglas
1981
Jimmy Carter

James Cagney
1984
Ronald Reagan
[26]

James Stewart
1985
Ronald Reagan

Helen Hayes
1986
Ronald Reagan

Danny Kaye
1987
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Audrey Hepburn
1992
George H.W. Bush

Martha Raye
1993
Bill Clinton
[5]

Lew Wasserman
1995
Bill Clinton
[5]

Charlton Heston
2003
George W. Bush
[5]

Doris Day
2004
George W. Bush
[5]

Rita Moreno
2004
George W. Bush
[5]

Sidney Poitier
2009
Barack Obama
[5]

Meryl Streep
2014
Barack Obama
[21]

Steven Spielberg
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

Robert Redford
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

Robert De Niro
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

Tom Hanks
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

Cicely Tyson
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

text: Literature[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

E. B. White
1963
John F. Kennedy

Edmund Wilson
1963
John F. Kennedy

Thornton Wilder
1963
John F. Kennedy

J. Frank Dobie
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

T. S. Eliot
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Carl Sandburg
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

John Steinbeck
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Ralph Ellison
1969
Lyndon B. Johnson

Archibald MacLeish
1977
Gerald Ford
Roderick MacLeish, Archibald's nephew, accepted the award[28]

James A. Michener
1977
Gerald Ford
Named as James Albert Michener on the award citation[29]

Robert Penn Warren
1980
Jimmy Carter

Eudora Welty
1980
Jimmy Carter

Tennessee Williams
1980
Jimmy Carter

Louis L'Amour
1984
Ronald Reagan
[30]

Albert Wohlstetter
1985
Ronald Reagan

Elie Wiesel
1992
George H.W. Bush

Harper Lee
2007
George W. Bush

Maya Angelou
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

Toni Morrison
2012
Barack Obama
[31]

Isabel Allende
2014
Barack Obama
[21]

text: Music[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Marian Anderson
1963
John F. Kennedy
[32]

Pablo Casals
1963
John F. Kennedy

Rudolf Serkin
1963
John F. Kennedy

Aaron Copland
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Leontyne Price
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Duke Ellington
1969
Richard Nixon

Eugene Ormandy
1970
Richard Nixon

Arthur Rubinstein
1976
Gerald Ford
With Distinction[33]

Irving Berlin
1977
Gerald Ford
[33]

Arthur Fiedler
1977
Gerald Ford
[33]

Beverly Sills
1980
Jimmy Carter

James "Eubie" Blake
1981
Ronald Reagan

Kate Smith
1982
Ronald Reagan

Mabel Mercer
1983
Ronald Reagan

Ernest Jennings "Tennessee Ernie" Ford
1984
Ronald Reagan
[34]

'Count' Basie
1985
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Frank Sinatra
1985
Ronald Reagan

Vladimir Horowitz
1986
Ronald Reagan

Mstislav Rostropovich
1987
Ronald Reagan

Meredith Willson
1987
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Pearl Bailey
1988
Ronald Reagan

Ella Fitzgerald
1992
George H.W. Bush

Isaac Stern
1992
George H.W. Bush

Plácido Domingo
2002
George W. Bush

Van Cliburn
2003
George W. Bush

Aretha Franklin
2005
George W. Bush

B. B. King
2006
George W. Bush

Yo-Yo Ma
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

Bob Dylan
2012
Barack Obama
[31]

Loretta Lynn
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

Arturo Sandoval
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

Stevie Wonder
2014
Barack Obama
[21]

Emilio Estefan
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

Gloria Estefan
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

Itzhak Perlman
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

Stephen Sondheim
2015
Barack Obama
[21]

Barbra Streisand
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

James Taylor
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

Diana Ross
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

Bruce Springsteen
2016
Barack Obama
[36]

text: Photography[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Edwin H. Land
1963
John F. Kennedy

Edward Steichen
1963
John F. Kennedy

Ansel Adams
1980
Jimmy Carter

text: Business and economics[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Clarence B. Randall
1963
John F. Kennedy
[37]

Frederick Kappel
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

John L. Lewis
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Thomas Watson, Jr.
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Edgar Kaiser
1969
Richard Nixon

David Dubinsky
1969
Richard Nixon

Henry Ford II
1969
Richard Nixon

Laurance Rockefeller
1969
Richard Nixon

Paul G. Hoffman
1974
Gerald Ford

Iorwith Wilbur Abel
1977
Gerald Ford

Tex Thornton
1981
Ronald Reagan

Juan Trippe
1985
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Walter Annenberg
1986
Ronald Reagan

An Wang
1986
Ronald Reagan

Justin Whitlock Dart
1987
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Irving Brown
1988
Ronald Reagan

Edward J. DeBartolo, Sr.
1988
Ronald Reagan

Milton Friedman
1988
Ronald Reagan

J. Willard Marriott
1988
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

David Packard
1988
Ronald Reagan

Friedrich Hayek
1991
George H.W. Bush

Sam Walton
1992
George H.W. Bush

Lane Kirkland
1994
Bill Clinton

James Rouse
1995
Bill Clinton

Walter Reuther
1995
Bill Clinton
Posthumous

David Rockefeller
1998
Bill Clinton

Edgar Bronfman, Sr.
1999
Bill Clinton

James E. Burke
2000
Bill Clinton

John Kenneth Galbraith
2000
Bill Clinton

Peter Drucker
2002
George W. Bush

Dave Thomas
2003
George W. Bush
Posthumous

Estée Lauder
2004
George W. Bush

Walter B. Wriston
2004
George W. Bush

Alan Greenspan
2005
George W. Bush

Gary Becker
2007
George W. Bush

Muhammad Yunus
2009
Barack Obama

Warren Buffett
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

John J. Sweeney
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

Daniel Kahneman
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

Robert Solow
2014
Barack Obama

text: Computing[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Gordon Moore
2002
George W. Bush
[38]

Vinton Cerf
2005
George W. Bush
[39]

Robert Kahn
2005
George W. Bush
[40]

Rear Admiral Grace Hopper
2016
Barack Obama
Posthumous[10]

Margaret Hamilton
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

text: Education[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Genevieve Caulfield
1963
John F. Kennedy

James Bryant Conant
1963
John F. Kennedy
With Distinction

Karl Holton
1963
John F. Kennedy

Alexander Meiklejohn
1963
John F. Kennedy

George W. Taylor
1963
John F. Kennedy

Detlev Bronk
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Rev Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C.
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Admiral Hyman G. Rickover
1980
Jimmy Carter

Margaret McNamara
1981
Ronald Reagan

James E. Cheek
1983
Ronald Reagan

Jerome H. Holland
1985
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Frederick Patterson
1987
Ronald Reagan

Hanna Holborn Gray
1991
George H.W. Bush

Antonia Pantoja
1996
Bill Clinton

Ruth Johnson Colvin
2006
George W. Bush

Norman Francis
2006
George W. Bush

Eduardo J. Padrón
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

text: History[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Samuel Eliot Morison
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Bruce Catton
1977
Gerald Ford

Ariel Durant
1977
Gerald Ford

Will Durant
1977
Gerald Ford

Dumas Malone
1983
Ronald Reagan

Roberta Wohlstetter
1985
Ronald Reagan

John Hope Franklin
1995
Bill Clinton

Jacques Barzun
2003
George W. Bush

Vartan Gregorian
2004
George W. Bush

Robert Conquest
2005
George W. Bush

David McCullough
2006
George W. Bush

text: Humanitarian[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Annie D. Wauneka
1963
John F. Kennedy
[41]

John W. Gardner
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Eunice Kennedy Shriver
1984
Ronald Reagan
[42]

Leon Sullivan
1991
George H.W. Bush

Frances Hesselbein
1998
Bill Clinton

Paul Rusesabagina
2005
George W. Bush

Gerda Weissmann Klein
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

Juliette Gordon Low
2012
Barack Obama
Posthumous[31]

Bonnie Carroll
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

text: Law[edit]

text: Attorneys and Judges[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Henry J. Friendly
1977
Gerald Ford

Elbert Tuttle
1981
Jimmy Carter
[43]

Irving Robert Kaufman
1987
Ronald Reagan

John Minor Wisdom
1993
Bill Clinton

Joseph L. Rauh, Jr.
1993
Bill Clinton
Posthumous

Frank Minis Johnson
1995
Bill Clinton

A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr.
1995
Bill Clinton

Oliver White Hill
1999
Bill Clinton

Cruz Reynoso
2000
Bill Clinton

Laurence Silberman
2008
George W. Bush

Patricia Wald
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

John Doar
2012
Barack Obama
[31]

Newton N. Minow
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

text: Supreme Court Justices[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Associate Justice Felix Frankfurter
1963
John F. Kennedy
With Distinction[44]

Associate Justice Arthur J. Goldberg
1978
Jimmy Carter

Chief Justice Earl Warren
1981
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Chief Justice Warren E. Burger
1988
Ronald Reagan

Associate Justice Thurgood Marshall
1993
Bill Clinton
Posthumous

Associate Justice William J. Brennan, Jr.
1993
Bill Clinton

Associate Justice Byron White
2003
George W. Bush
Posthumous[45]

Associate Justice Sandra Day O'Connor
2009
Barack Obama
[46]

Associate Justice John Paul Stevens
2012
Barack Obama
[31]

text: Media[edit]

text: Journalism[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Mark S. Watson
1963
John F. Kennedy

Edward R. Murrow
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson
With Distinction

Walter Lippmann
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Ralph McGill
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Albert Merriman Smith
1967
Lyndon B. Johnson

William S. White
1969
Richard Nixon

William M. Henry
1970
Richard Nixon
[47]

Earl Charles Behrens
1970
Richard Nixon
[47]

Raymond Moley
1970
Richard Nixon
[47]

Adela Rogers St. Johns
1970
Richard Nixon
[47]

David Lawrence
1970
Richard Nixon
[47]

Arthur Krock
1970
Richard Nixon
[47]

George Gould Lincoln
1970
Richard Nixon
[47]

Lila Acheson Wallace
1972
Richard Nixon

DeWitt Wallace
1972
Richard Nixon

Walter Cronkite
1981
Jimmy Carter

Frank Reynolds
1985
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Vermont C. Royster
1986
Ronald Reagan

William F. Buckley, Jr.
1991
George H.W. Bush

David Brinkley
1992
George H.W. Bush

Herbert L. Block
1994
Bill Clinton

John H. Johnson
1996
Bill Clinton

Katharine Graham
2002
George W. Bush
Posthumous

A. M. Rosenthal
2002
George W. Bush

Robert L. Bartley
2003
George W. Bush

William Safire
2006
George W. Bush

Paul Johnson
2006
George W. Bush

Ben Bradlee
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

Tom Brokaw
2014
Barack Obama
[21]

text: Radio[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Lowell Thomas
1977
Gerald Ford
[48]

Paul Harvey
2005
George W. Bush
[5]

text: Television[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Lucille Ball
1989
George H.W. Bush
Posthumous[49]

Johnny Carson
1992
George H.W. Bush

Peggy Charren
1995
Bill Clinton
[5]

Joan Ganz Cooney
1995
Bill Clinton
[5]

Bill Cosby
2002
George W. Bush
[5]

Fred Rogers
2002
George W. Bush
[5]

Julia Child
2003
George W. Bush

Carol Burnett
2005
George W. Bush
[5]

Andy Griffith
2005
George W. Bush
[5]

Brian P. Lamb
2007
George W. Bush
[5]

Oprah Winfrey
2014
Barack Obama
[35]

Marlo Thomas
2014
Barack Obama
[21]

Lorne Michaels
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

Ellen DeGeneres
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

text: Medicine[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

John F. Enders
1963
John F. Kennedy

Lena Frances Edwards
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Helen B. Taussig
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Paul Dudley White
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Michael DeBakey
1969
Richard Nixon

Charles LeRoy Lowman
1974
Gerald Ford

Jonas Salk
1977
Jimmy Carter

Karl Menninger
1981
Ronald Reagan

Denton Cooley
1984
Ronald Reagan
[50]

Albert Sabin
1986
Ronald Reagan

William B. Walsh
1987
Ronald Reagan

C. Everett Koop
1995
Bill Clinton

David Hamburg
1996
Bill Clinton

Donald Henderson
2002
George W. Bush

Arnall Patz
2004
George W. Bush

Ben Carson
2008
George W. Bush

Anthony Fauci
2008
George W. Bush

Janet Davison Rowley
2009
Barack Obama
[20]

Pedro José Greer, Jr.
2009
Barack Obama
[20]

Tom Little
2011
Barack Obama
Posthumous[4]

William Foege
2012
Barack Obama
[31]

text: Military[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

James E. Webb
1968
Lyndon B. Johnson
[51]

John Paul Vann
1972
Richard Nixon
Posthumous

General of the Army Omar Bradley
1977
Gerald Ford
[33]

Admiral Arleigh Burke
1977
Gerald Ford

General Albert Coady Wedemeyer
1985
Ronald Reagan

Brigadier General Chuck Yeager
1985
Ronald Reagan

Captain Joseph Rochefort
1986
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

General Matthew B. Ridgeway
1986
Ronald Reagan

General Lyman Lemnitzer
1987
Ronald Reagan

Lieutenant General Jimmy Doolittle
1989
George H.W. Bush

General Colin Powell
1991
George H.W. Bush
Twice awarded

General H. Norman Schwarzkopf
1991
George H.W. Bush

General John W. Vessey
1992
George H.W. Bush

General Colin Powell
1993
Bill Clinton
With Distinction;[6] Twice awarded

Jan Nowak-Jeziorański
1996
Bill Clinton

General John Shalikashvili
1997
Bill Clinton

Admiral Elmo Zumwalt
1998
Bill Clinton

General Wesley Clark
2000
Bill Clinton

Admiral William J. Crowe
2000
Bill Clinton

General Tommy Franks
2004
George W. Bush

General Richard B. Myers
2005
George W. Bush

General Peter Pace
2008
George W. Bush

War Chief Joe Medicine Crow
2009
Barack Obama
[20]

Rear Admiral Grace Hopper
2016
Barack Obama
Posthumous[10]

text: Philanthropy[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

J. Clifford MacDonald
1963
John F. Kennedy

Lowell Thomas
1977
Gerald Ford
[48]

Catherine Filene Shouse
1977
Gerald Ford

Ronnie Eugene Ford
1978
Jimmy Carter

Morris I. Leibman
1981
Ronald Reagan

Eugene Lang
1996
Bill Clinton

Brooke Astor
1998
Bill Clinton

Zachary Fisher
1998
Bill Clinton

Nancy Goodman Brinker
2009
Barack Obama
[52]

Bill Gates
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

Melinda Gates
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

text: Philosophy[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Will Durant
1977
Gerald Ford
[53]

Eric Hoffer
1982
Ronald Reagan

James Burnham
1983
Ronald Reagan
[33]

Sidney Hook
1985
Ronald Reagan
[33]

text: Politics and government[edit]

text: Activism[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Helen Keller
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

A. Philip Randolph
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Roy Wilkins
1967
Lyndon B. Johnson

Mary Lasker
1969
Richard Nixon

Martin Luther King, Jr.
1977
Jimmy Carter
Posthumous

Clarence M. Mitchell
1980
Jimmy Carter

Esther Peterson
1981
Jimmy Carter

Andrew Young
1981
Jimmy Carter

Roger Nash Baldwin
1981
Jimmy Carter

Hector Garcia
1984
Ronald Reagan
[54]

Lech Wałęsa
1989
George H.W. Bush

Dorothy Height
1994
Bill Clinton

César Chávez
1994
Bill Clinton
Posthumous

William C. Velasquez
1995
Bill Clinton
Posthumous

Ginetta Sagan
1996
Bill Clinton

Rosa Parks
1996
Bill Clinton

Mario G. Obledo
1998
Bill Clinton

Fred Korematsu
1998
Bill Clinton

Justin Whitlock Dart, Jr.
1998
Bill Clinton

James L. Farmer, Jr.
1998
Bill Clinton

Arnold Aronson
1998
Bill Clinton

Evelyn Dubrow
1999
Bill Clinton

George G. Higgins
2000
Bill Clinton

Rev. Jesse Jackson
2000
Bill Clinton

Millie Jeffrey
2000
Bill Clinton

Marian Wright Edelman
2000
Bill Clinton
[55]

Natan Sharansky
2006
George W. Bush

Benjamin Hooks
2007
George W. Bush

Oscar Elias Biscet
2007
George W. Bush

Rev. Joseph Lowery
2009
Barack Obama
[20]

Harvey Milk
2009
Barack Obama
Posthumous[20]

Sylvia Mendez
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

Gordon Hirabayashi
2012
Barack Obama
Posthumous[31]

Dolores Huerta
2012
Barack Obama
[31]

Gloria Steinem
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

Bayard Rustin
2013
Barack Obama
Posthumous[35]

Cordy Tindell "C.T." Vivian
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

Andrew Goodman
2014
Barack Obama
Posthumous[21]

James Chaney
2014
Barack Obama
Posthumous[21]

Suzan Shown Harjo
2014
Barack Obama
[21]

Ethel Kennedy
2014
Barack Obama
[21]

Michael Schwerner
2014
Barack Obama
Posthumous[21]

Minoru Yasui
2015
Barack Obama
Posthumous[27]

Billy Frank, Jr.
2015
Barack Obama
Posthumous[27]

Elouise Cobell
2016
Barack Obama
Posthumous[10]

text: Diplomacy[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Ralph J. Bunche
1963
John F. Kennedy
With Distinction[56]

Ellsworth Bunker
1963
John F. Kennedy
(Twice) With Distinction[57]

Ellsworth Bunker
1967
Lyndon B. Johnson
(Twice) With Distinction[57]

Manlio Brosio
1971
Richard Nixon

David K. E. Bruce
1976
Gerald Ford
With Distinction

Gerard C. Smith
1981
Jimmy Carter

Robert S. Strauss
1981
Jimmy Carter

Philip Habib
1982
Ronald Reagan

General Andrew Goodpaster
1984
Ronald Reagan
[58]

Jeane Kirkpatrick
1985
Ronald Reagan

Anne L. Armstrong
1987
Ronald Reagan

George F. Kennan
1989
George H.W. Bush

Harry W. Shlaudeman
1992
George H.W. Bush

Sol M. Linowitz
1998
Bill Clinton

Ryan Crocker
2009
George W. Bush
[59]

Jean Kennedy Smith
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

Jan Karski
2012
Barack Obama
Posthumous[31]

text: Environmentalism[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Horace M. Albright
1980
Jimmy Carter

Rachel Carson
1980
Jimmy Carter
Posthumous

Roger Tory Peterson
1980
Jimmy Carter

Russell E. Train
1991
George H.W. Bush

Marjory Stoneman Douglas
1993
Bill Clinton

Margaret Murie
1998
Bill Clinton

Edgar Wayburn
1999
Bill Clinton

Gilbert Melville Grosvenor
2004
George W. Bush

John H. Adams
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

text: Intelligence[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Whittaker Chambers
1984
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous[60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]

Jean MacArthur
1988
Ronald Reagan

George Tenet
2004
George W. Bush

text: Foreign statesmen[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
Country
President
Notes

Joseph Luns
1984
Netherlands
Ronald Reagan

Carlos P. Romulo
1984
Philippines
Ronald Reagan

Anwar el-Sadat
1984
Egypt
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous[69]

Margaret Thatcher
1991
United Kingdom
George H.W. Bush

Wilma Mankiller
1998
Cherokee Nation
Bill Clinton
[70]

Helmut Kohl
1999
Germany
Bill Clinton

Nelson Mandela
2002
South Africa
George W. Bush

Václav Havel
2003
Czech Republic
George W. Bush

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
2007
Liberia
George W. Bush

Tony Blair
2009
United Kingdom
George W. Bush
[71]

John Howard
2009
Australia
George W. Bush

Álvaro Uribe
2009
Colombia
George W. Bush

Mary Robinson
2009
Ireland
Barack Obama
[20]

Angela Merkel
2011
Germany
Barack Obama
[4]

Shimon Peres
2012
Israel
Barack Obama
[31]

text: U.S. Cabinet members[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Robert A. Lovett
1963
John F. Kennedy
With Distinction

Dean Acheson
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson
With Distinction

Robert S. McNamara
1968
Lyndon B. Johnson

Clark Clifford
1969
Richard Nixon
With Distinction

Dean Rusk
1969
Richard Nixon
With Distinction

Cyrus Vance
1969
Richard Nixon

Averell Harriman
1969
Richard Nixon
With Distinction

William P. Rogers
1973
Richard Nixon

Melvin Laird
1974
Gerald Ford

Donald Rumsfeld
1977
Gerald Ford
With Distinction

Henry Kissinger
1977
Gerald Ford

Warren Christopher
1981
Ronald Reagan

Zbigniew Brzezinski
1981
Ronald Reagan

Harold Brown
1981
Ronald Reagan

Caspar Weinberger
1987
Ronald Reagan
With Distinction

Malcolm Baldrige, Jr.
1988
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

George P. Shultz
1989
George H.W. Bush

C. Douglas Dillon
1989
George H.W. Bush

Dick Cheney, as Secretary of Defense
1991
George H.W. Bush
[72]

James Baker
1991
George H.W. Bush

Arthur Flemming
1994
Bill Clinton

William T. Coleman, Jr.
1995
Bill Clinton

William Perry
1997
Bill Clinton

Elliot Richardson
1998
Bill Clinton

Norman Mineta
2006
George W. Bush

Donna Shalala
2008
George W. Bush

Robert Gates
2011
Barack Obama

Madeleine Albright
2012
Barack Obama
[31]

text: U.S. First Ladies[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Lady Bird Johnson
1977
Gerald Ford
[73]

Betty Ford
1991
George H. W. Bush
[74]

Rosalynn Carter
1999
Bill Clinton
[5]

Nancy Reagan
2002
George W. Bush
[5]

text: Members of the U.S. Congress[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Representative Carl Vinson
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson
With Distinction

Representative Walter Judd
1981
Ronald Reagan

Senator Ed Muskie
1981
Ronald Reagan

Senator Jacob K. Javits
1983
Ronald Reagan
[33]

Representative Clare Boothe Luce
1983
Ronald Reagan
[33]

Senator Henry M. Jackson
1984
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Senator Howard H. Baker, Jr.
1984
Ronald Reagan
[75]

Senator Barry Goldwater
1986
Ronald Reagan

Senator Mike Mansfield
1989
George H. W. Bush

Representative Claude Pepper
1989
George H. W. Bush

Senator Margaret Chase Smith
1989
George H. W. Bush

Representative Tip O'Neill
1991
George H. W. Bush

Senator Strom Thurmond
1993
George H. W. Bush

Senator William Fulbright
1993
Bill Clinton

Representative Barbara Jordan
1994
Bill Clinton

Representative Robert H. Michel
1994
Bill Clinton

Senator Gaylord Nelson
1995
Bill Clinton

Representative Mo Udall
1996
Bill Clinton

Senator Bob Dole
1997
Bill Clinton

Representative Dante B. Fascell
1998
Bill Clinton

Senator Lloyd M. Bentsen
1999
Bill Clinton

Senator George J. Mitchell
1999
Bill Clinton

Senator George McGovern
2000
Bill Clinton

Senator John H. Chafee
2000
Bill Clinton
Posthumous

Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan
2000
Bill Clinton

Senator Edward W. Brooke
2004
George W. Bush

Representative Gillespie Montgomery
2005
George W. Bush

Representative Henry Hyde
2007
George W. Bush

Representative Tom Lantos
2008
George W. Bush

Representative Jack Kemp
2009
Barack Obama
Posthumous[20]

Senator Edward Kennedy
2009
Barack Obama
[20]

Representative John Lewis
2011
Barack Obama
[4]

Senator Daniel Inouye
2013
Barack Obama
Posthumous[35]

Senator Richard Lugar
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

Representative John Dingell
2014
Barack Obama

Representative Abner J. Mikva
2014
Barack Obama

Representative Patsy Mink
2014
Barack Obama
Posthumous

Representative Edward Roybal
2014
Barack Obama
Posthumous

Representative Shirley Chisholm
2015
Barack Obama
Posthumous[27]

Representative Lee H. Hamilton
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

Senator Barbara Mikulski
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

text: U.S. Presidents[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

John F. Kennedy
1963
Lyndon B. Johnson
35th President; posthumous[76]

Lyndon B. Johnson
1980
Jimmy Carter
36th President; posthumous[77]

Ronald Reagan
1993
George H. W. Bush
40th President, With Distinction[78]

Gerald Ford
1999
Bill Clinton
38th President[5]

Jimmy Carter
1999
Bill Clinton
39th President[5]

George H. W. Bush
2011
Barack Obama
41st President[4]

Bill Clinton
2013
Barack Obama
42nd President[35]

text: U.S. Vice Presidents[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Nelson Rockefeller
1977
Gerald Ford
41st Vice President[79]

Hubert Humphrey
1980
Jimmy Carter
38th Vice President, Posthumous[80]

Joe Biden
2017
Barack Obama
47th Vice President, With Distinction[81][82]

text: Other political figures[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Governor Luis Muñoz Marín
1963
John F. Kennedy
With Distinction

Governor Herbert H. Lehman
1963
John F. Kennedy
Lehman died the day before the ceremony, and the medal was presented to his widow on January 28, 1964[83]

Allied High Commissioner John J. McCloy
1963
John F. Kennedy
With Distinction

George Meany
1963
John F. Kennedy
[84]

Jean Monnet
1963
John F. Kennedy
With Distinction

Ambassador Eugene M. Locke
1967
Lyndon B. Johnson

Robert W. Komer
1967
Lyndon B. Johnson

Walt Rostow
1969
Richard Nixon

Whitney Young
1969
Richard Nixon

Eugene R. Black, Sr.
1969
Richard Nixon

McGeorge Bundy
1969
Richard Nixon

Chairman John Macy
1969
Richard Nixon

William J. Hopkins
1971
Richard Nixon

Governor Ella T. Grasso
1981
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Bryce Harlow
1981
Ronald Reagan

Leo Cherne
1984
Ronald Reagan
[33]

Deputy Secretary Paul Nitze
1985
Ronald Reagan

Director John McCone
1987
Ronald Reagan

The 6th Baron Carrington
1988
Ronald Reagan

Ambassador Vernon Walters
1991
George H. W. Bush

Director William Webster
1991
George H. W. Bush

Brent Scowcroft
1991
George H. W. Bush

Secretary-General Javier Perez de Cuellar
1991
George H. W. Bush

Governor Luis A. Ferré
1991
George H. W. Bush

Under-Secretary-General James P. Grant
1994
Bill Clinton

Ambassador Sargent Shriver
1994
Bill Clinton

James Brady
1996
Bill Clinton

Albert Shanker
1998
Bill Clinton
Posthumous

Max Kampelman
1999
Bill Clinton

Simon Wiesenthal
2000
Bill Clinton

State Counsellor Aung San Suu Kyi
2000
Bill Clinton

Irving Kristol
2002
George W. Bush

Secretary General Baron Robertson of Port Ellen
2003
George W. Bush

Norman Podhoretz
2004
George W. Bush

Paul Bremer
2004
George W. Bush

Administrator William Ruckelshaus
2015
Barack Obama
[27]

text: Religion[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Pope John XXIII
1963
Lyndon B. Johnson
Posthumous[85]

Reinhold Niebuhr
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Archbishop Iakovos of America
1980
Jimmy Carter

Rev Billy Graham
1983
Ronald Reagan

Rev Norman Vincent Peale
1984
Ronald Reagan
[86]

Terence Cardinal Cooke, former Archbishop of New York
1984
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Mother Teresa
1985
Ronald Reagan

Joseph Cardinal Bernardin, Archbishop of Chicago
1996
Bill Clinton

Sister Isolina Ferré
1999
Bill Clinton
[5]

Rev Gardner C. Taylor
2000
Bill Clinton
[5]

Gordon B. Hinckley
2004
George W. Bush
[5]

Pope John Paul II
2004
George W. Bush
[5] With Distinction

Desmond Tutu, Archbishop Emeritus of Cape Town
2009
Barack Obama
[20]

text: Science[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
President
Notes

Alan Tower Waterman
1963
John F. Kennedy

Clarence Johnson
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

Lewis Mumford
1964
Lyndon B. Johnson

John Bardeen
1977
Gerald Ford

Norman Borlaug
1977
Gerald Ford

James D. Watson
1977
Gerald Ford

Margaret Mead
1979
Jimmy Carter
Posthumous[87]

Rachel Carson
1980
Jimmy Carter
Posthumous

Simon Ramo
1983
Ronald Reagan

Jacques-Yves Cousteau
1985
Ronald Reagan

George Low
1985
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Robert Coles
1998
Bill Clinton

Mathilde Krim
2000
Bill Clinton

Edward Teller
2003
George W. Bush

James Q. Wilson
2003
George W. Bush

Joshua Lederberg
2006
George W. Bush

Francis Collins
2007
George W. Bush

Stephen Hawking
2009
Barack Obama
[20]

Mario Molina
2013
Barack Obama
[35]

Mildred Dresselhaus
2014
Barack Obama

Richard Garwin
2016
Barack Obama
[10]

text: Space exploration[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
Mission
President
Notes

Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin
1969
Apollo 11 Astronaut
Richard Nixon
With Distinction

Neil Armstrong
1969
Apollo 11 Astronaut
Richard Nixon
With Distinction

Michael Collins
1969
Apollo 11 Astronaut
Richard Nixon
With Distinction

Fred Haise
1970
Apollo 13 Astronaut
Richard Nixon

Jim Lovell
1970
Apollo 13 Astronaut
Richard Nixon

Jack Swigert
1970
Apollo 13 Astronaut
Richard Nixon

George Abbey
1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
Richard Nixon

Gerald D. Griffin
1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
Richard Nixon

Gene Kranz
1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
Richard Nixon

Glynn Lunney
1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
Richard Nixon

James W. McBarron II
1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
Richard Nixon

Edgar Mitchell
1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
Richard Nixon

Sigurd A Sjoberg
1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
Richard Nixon
[88]

Milton L. Windler
1970
Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
Richard Nixon

John Glenn
2012
Mercury-Atlas 6 and STS-95
Barack Obama
[31]

Sally Ride
2013
Space Shuttle Challenger STS-7 and STS-41-G
Barack Obama
Posthumous[89]

Katherine Johnson
2015
NASA Mathematician
Barack Obama
[27]

text: Sports[edit]

text:
Recipient
Year
Sport
President
Notes

Robert J. H. Kiphuth
1963
Swimming
John F. Kennedy

Jesse Owens
1976
Track
Gerald Ford
[90]

Joe DiMaggio
1977
Baseball
Gerald Ford
[33]

Paul "Bear" Bryant
1983
Football
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous

Jackie Robinson
1984
Baseball
Ronald Reagan
Posthumous[91]

Earl Blaik
1986
Football
Ronald Reagan

Ted Williams
1991
Baseball
George H. W. Bush

Richard Petty
1992
Auto racing
George H. W. Bush

Arthur Ashe
1993
Tennis
Bill Clinton
Posthumous[92]

Hank Aaron
2002
Baseball
George W. Bush

John Wooden
2003
Basketball
George W. Bush

Roberto Clemente
2003
Baseball
George W. Bush
Posthumous

Arnold Palmer
2004
Golf
George W. Bush

Jack Nicklaus
2005
Golf
George W. Bush

Muhammad Ali
2005
Boxing
George W. Bush

Frank Robinson
2005
Baseball
George W. Bush

Buck O'Neil
2006
Baseball
George W. Bush

Billie Jean King
2009[20]
Tennis
Barack Obama

Bill Russell
2011[4]
Basketball
Barack Obama

Stan Musial
2011[4]
Baseball
Barack Obama

Pat Summitt
2012[31]
Basketball
Barack Obama

Dean Smith
2013[35]
Basketball
Barack Obama

Ernie Banks
2013
Baseball
Barack Obama
[93]

Charles Sifford
2014[21]
Golf
Barack Obama

Yogi Berra
2015
Baseball
Barack Obama
Posthumous[27]

Willie Mays
2015
Baseball
Barack Obama
[27]

Vin Scully
2016
Baseball
Barack Obama
[10]

Kareem Abdul-Jabbar
2016
Basketball
Barack Obama
[10]

Michael Jordan
2016
Basketball
Barack Obama
[10]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Executive Order 11085 The Presidential Medal of Freedom, retrieved July 30, 2009 Archived May 30, 2009, at the Wayback Machine.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Medal of Freedom Ceremony" (August 12, 2009) Archived August 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine., a news release, August 12, 2009, from the White House Press Secretary at whitehouse.gov, the White House's official website. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients". whitehouse.gov. The White House. November 17, 2010. Retrieved November 18, 2010.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Secretary of the Senate, United States Congress. "Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients". Official Website of the United States Senate. United States Senate (Government of the United States). Retrieved November 14, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Clinton, W. J. (September 30, 1993). "Remarks on the Retirement of General Colin Powell in Arlington, Virginia". University of California, Santa Barbara: The American Presidency Project. Retrieved September 18, 2016. In recognition of your legacy and service, of your courage and accomplishment, today, General Powell, I was honored to present you with the Presidential Medal of Freedom, with distinction. I want to tell all those here in attendance that this was the second Medal of Freedom you have received, the first from President Bush in 1991. And today, you became only the second American citizen in the history of the Republic to be the recipient of two Medals of Freedom.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Mr. Ludwig Mien van der Rohe...THE PRESIDENT. Teacher, designer, master builder, he has conceived soaring structures of glass, steel and concrete which at once embody and evoke the distinctive qualities of our age.
Jump up ^ "Frank Gehry and Maya Lin Awarded Obama's Presidential Medal of Freedom". ArchDaily. 2016-11-17. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
Jump up ^ "Curriculum Vitae of I. M. Pei". Pei Cobb Freed & Partners. Retrieved July 20, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u "President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom". whitehouse.gov. The White House. November 16, 2016. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Andrew Wyeth receives National Medal of Arts". Retrieved 2017-11-21.
Jump up ^ "30 Receive Freedom Medal at the White House". www.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (June 9, 1980). "Gerald Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 10, 1977". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved May 22, 2011. NORMAN ROCKWELL...Normal Rockwell, represented by his son, Jarvis Rockwell. "Artist, illustrator and author, Norman Rockwell has portrayed the American scene with unrivaled freshness and clarity. Insight, optimism and good humor are the hallmarks of his artistic style. His vivid and affectionate portraits of our country and ourselves have become a beloved part of the American tradition."
Jump up ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Georgia O'Keeffe (1887–1986)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 10, 1977
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (June 9, 1980). "Gerald Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 10, 1977". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved May 22, 2011. But let me again congratulate each and every one of you. I regret that Irving Berlin, Alexander Calder, the late Alexander Calder, and Georgia O'Keeffe were unable to be represented here today. We will of course present their medals to them or to their families at a later date.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Gerald R. Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Martha Graham, October 14, 1976". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011. [At this point, the President read the citation, the text of which follows:] The President of the United States of America Awards this Presidential Medal of Freedom With Distinction to Martha Graham. Dancer, teacher, and choreographer, Martha Graham has captivated the world with her magic and has left a legacy of imagination with all who have witnessed her talent. Her energy, creativity and daring have opened new doors of expression in dance. Her followers and friends adore her, and her country, the United States of America, is proud to proclaim her a brilliant star and a National treasure.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy Carter: Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
Jump up ^ "Ronald Reagan: Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom". www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Lincoln Kirstein: Lincoln Kirstein is an author and entrepreneur who has honored and delighted Americans through his enormous contribution to ballet in our country. Through his commitment, two major institutions of American dance, the New York City Ballet and the School of American Ballet, were created and flourished. Developing and fostering appreciation for the arts have always depended on the energy, creativity, and commitment of individual citizens. Lincoln Kirstein stands tall as one of a select and treasured few in the world of American art.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l "President Obama Names Medal of Freedom Recipients; 16 Agents of Change to Receive Top Civilian Honor". White House. July 30, 2009. Archived from the original on December 15, 2009. Retrieved August 12, 2009.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "President Obama Announces the Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients". The White House. November 10, 2014. Retrieved November 11, 2014.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Lyndon B. Johnson, XXXVI President of the United States: 1963–1969, Remarks at the Presentation of the 1964 Presidential Medal of Freedom Awards, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved May 22, 2011. Mr. Walter Disney. THE PRESIDENT. Artist and impresario, in the course of entertaining an age, he has created an American folklore.
^ Jump up to: a b Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Lyndon B. Johnson, XXXVI President of the United States: 1963–1969, Remarks at the Presentation of the 1964 Presidential Medal of Freedom Awards, March 26, 1964". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved May 22, 2011. Mr. Alfred Lunt and Miss Lynn Fontainne. THE PRESIDENT. A luminous partnership of artistic talents and personal devotion they have brilliantly enlivened and enriched the American stage.
Jump up ^ "Public Service - Bob Hope and American Variety | Exhibitions (Library of Congress)". www.loc.gov. 2000-05-10. Retrieved 2017-11-21.
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (June 9, 1980). "Jimmy Carter, XXXIX President of the United States: 1977–1981, Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony, June 9, 1980". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved May 22, 2011. All of these are famous people, they're well-known throughout the world. But even including Vice Presidents and Presidents, noted singers and dancers and writers and ornithologists, I think the next would be the most famous of us all, including the one who reads this citation. I would like to ask Mrs. John Wayne to come forward. [At this point, the President read the citation, the text of which follows: THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AWARDS THIS PRESIDENTIAL MEDAL OF FREEDOM TO JOHN WAYNE. John Wayne was both an example and a symbol of true American grit and determination. Through his countless film roles, "The Duke" still leads millions on heroic adventures on behalf of fairness and justice. He embodies the enduring American values of individualism, relentless bravery and perseverance in pursuit of what is right. He was the quintessential patriot, and will especially be remembered whenever our Nation faces a challenge calling for steadfast courage.]
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. As a giant in the world of entertainment, James Cagney has left his mark not only on the film industry but on the hearts of all his fellow Americans. In some 60 years in entertainment, performing on stage and screen, he mastered drama and action adventure, as well as music and dance. One of his most remembered performances, as George M. Cohan in "Yankee Doodle Dandy," was a whirlwind singing and dancing film that inspired a Nation at war when it sorely needed a lift in spirit. James Cagney's professional and personal life has brought great credit to him and left unforgettable memories with millions who have followed his career.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p "President Obama Names Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom". The White House. November 16, 2015. Retrieved November 16, 2015.
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (June 9, 1980). "Gerald Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 10, 1977". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved May 22, 2011. Archibald MacLeish, represented by his nephew, Roderick MacLeish. "Poet and playwright, teacher and statesman, Archibald MacLeish has combined the vocation of man of letters with that of public spokesman. A poet of realities as well as dreams, his eloquent words are matched by his sensitive social conscience. He seeks truth inspired by love of his fellow men and of his country. We are proud to recognize his stature as a humanist, an artist, and an American."
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (June 9, 1980). "Gerald Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 10, 1977". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved May 22, 2011. JAMES ALBERT MICHENER, "Author, teacher and popular historian, James Michener has entranced a generation with his compelling essays and novels. From 'Tales of the South Pacific,' to 'Centennial,' the prolific writings of this master storyteller have expanded the knowledge and enriched the lives of million."
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Louis L'Amour: Through his western novels, Louis L'Amour has played a leading role in shaping our national identity. His writings portrayed the rugged individual and the deep-seated values of those who conquered the American frontier. Starting out from humble beginnings, he has lived a fulfilling and adventurous life. An eminently successful writer, more than 100 million copies of his novels are in print, L'Amour's descriptions of America and Americans have added to our understanding of our past and reaffirmed our potential as an exploring, pioneering, and free people.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m "Albright, World War II hero among 13 to receive Presidential Medal of Freedom". CNN. Retrieved May 29, 2012.
Jump up ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Marian Anderson (1897–1993)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received December 6, 1963
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j http://www.nationalreview.com/article/443562/medals-freedom
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Ernest Jennings "Tennessee Ernie" Ford: Through his musical talents, warm personality, and quick "down-home" wit Tennessee Ernie Ford won the hearts of the American people. Ford's music, which revealed his character and soul to all who listened, inspired as well as entertained his audiences. His respect for traditional values, his strong faith in God, and his unlimited capacity for human kindness have greatly endeared him to his fellow countrymen. America is a Nation richer in spirit because of Tennessee Ernie Ford.
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n "President Obama Names Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients". Office of the Press Secretary, The White House. August 8, 2013. Retrieved August 8, 2013.
Jump up ^ "The Presidential Medal of Freedom". The White House. Retrieved November 25, 2016.
Jump up ^ "Clarence B. Randall, 76, Dies". Chicago Tribune. August 6, 1967. Retrieved January 13, 2017.
Jump up ^ McFeatters, Ann (July 10, 2002). "Fred Rogers gets Presidential Medal of Freedom". Pittsburg Post-Gazette. www.post-gazette.com. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Intel Corp. co-founder Gordon Moore. Through the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, Moore is a philanthropic leader in higher education, scientific research, the environment and San Francisco Bay Area projects.
Jump up ^ Vargas, Jose Antonio (November 10, 2005). "At the White House, Prizes for 14 Champs,Medal of Freedom Ceremony Shows Ali as Fast as Ever". The Washington Post. washingtonpost.com. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Also honored yesterday...Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn, the men who in figuring out how to routinely and quickly transmit data over computer networks helped start a digital revolution
Jump up ^ "Net pioneers receive top honour". BBC News. www.bbc.com. November 10, 2005. Retrieved February 9, 2011. "Dr Cerf and Dr Kahn have been at the forefront of a digital revolution that has transformed global commerce, communication, and entertainment," read the citation for the medal.
Jump up ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Annie Wauneka (1910–1997)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received December 6, 1963
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Eunice Kennedy Shriver: With enormous conviction and unrelenting effort, Eunice Kennedy Shriver has labored on behalf of America's least powerful people, the mentally retarded. Over the last two decades, she has been on the forefront of numerous initiatives on the behalf of the mentally retarded, from creating day camps, to establishing research centers, to the founding of the Special Olympics. Her decency and goodness have touched the lives of many, and Eunice Kennedy Shriver deserves America's praise, gratitude, and love.
Jump up ^ "Jimmy Carter: Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony".
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Mr. Ball: And now, Mr. President, let me present those who are to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Special Distinction....Mr. Justice Felix Frankfurter. THE PRESIDENT. Jurist, scholar, counselor, conversationalist, he has brought to all his roles a zest and wisdom which has made him teacher to his time.
Jump up ^ "President Honors 2003 Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipients".
Jump up ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Justice Sandra Day O'Connor (1930 – )...Presidential Medal of Freedom received August 12, 2009
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g Nixon, Richard (April 22, 1970). "Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Eight Journalists". Online by Gerhard Peters and John T. Woolley, The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on December 25, 2011. Retrieved December 25, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (January 10, 1977). "Gerald Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 10, 1977". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ "NATION : Lucille Ball Gets Medal of Freedom". Los Angeles Times. July 6, 1989. Retrieved May 22, 2011.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Dr. Denton Cooley: In an outstanding professional career, Dr. Denton Cooley has distinguished himself time and again in the field of medicine. As one of this country's leading heart surgeons, he has charted new territory in his search for ways to prolong and enrich human life. His efforts have saved the lives not only of his own patients, but of those of many other doctors who have studied and mastered techniques developed by him. As a heart surgeon and as a creative, independent thinker, Dr. Denton Cooley is a force for innovation in American medicine.
Jump up ^ https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/presidential-medal-freedom-1968-james-webb
Jump up ^ "The Presidential Medal of Freedom". The White House. Retrieved 2017-08-20.
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (January 10, 1977). "Gerald Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 10, 1977". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved May 22, 2011. WILL DURANT "Writer, historian and philosopher, Will Durant has provided an open window into the lives and thoughts of past ages. With the collaboration of his wife, Ariel, he has helped lead us through the past to the meaning of the present. An eloquent apostle of social order and individual freedom, he is an enemy of chaos, a friend and an invaluable guide to the millions of grateful readers."
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Dr. Hector Garcia: Dr. Hector Garcia's patriotism and community concern exemplify the meaning of good citizenship. His many community-building endeavors included his work as a founder and first National Chairman of the American G.I. Forum, a veterans' organization which has done much to improve the lot of Americans of Mexican descent. Over the years, he has faithfully represented our government on numerous occasions, overseas and domestically. Dr. Hector Garcia is a credit to his family and community, and to all Americans. Through his efforts, based on a deep belief in traditional American ideals, he has made this a better country.
Jump up ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Marian Wright Edelman (1939 – )...Presidential Medal of Freedom received August 9, 2000
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Mr. Ball: And now, Mr. President, let me present those who are to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Special Distinction....Dr. Ralph J. Bunche. THE PRESIDENT. Scholar and diplomat, servant of the emerging world order, he has opened up new vistas in the demanding quest for international justice and peace.
^ Jump up to: a b Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Mr. Ball: And now, Mr. President, let me present those who are to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom with Special Distinction....First, Mr. Ellsworth Bunker. THE PRESIDENT. Citizen and diplomat, he has brought integrity, patience and a compassionate understanding of other men and nations to the service of the Republic under three Presidents.
Jump up ^ http://www.reagan.utexas.edu/archives/speeches/1984/22184b.htm
Jump up ^ "President Bush Commemorates Foreign Policy Achievements and Presents Medal of Freedom to Ambassador Ryan Crocker". White House. January 15, 2009. Retrieved January 16, 2009.
Jump up ^ "White House Freedom Medal Set for Whittaker Chambers". New York Times. February 22, 1984. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Sterling, Dorothy (March 9, 1984). "Whittaker Chambers: Odd Choice for the Medal of Freedom". New York Times. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Buckley Jr., William F. (August 6, 2001). "Witness and Friends". National Review. Archived from the original on October 17, 2012. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Stonor-Saunders, Frances (April 6, 2007). "Was Whittaker Chambers a hero or a traitor?". Telegraph. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ Edroso, Roy (July 30, 2009). "Medal of Freedom Recipients Announced, Include Tutu, Harvey Milk". Village Voice. Retrieved January 16, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Whittaker Chambers". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Romero, Frances (August 12, 2009). "A Brief History of the Presidential Medal of Freedom". TIME magazine. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Announcement of the Recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom". UCSB American President Project. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ "Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom". Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum. March 26, 1984. Retrieved March 22, 2015.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Mr. Gamal el-Sadat will accept for his father, the late President Anwar el-Sadat. President Anwar el-Sadat, as a soldier, led his country in war, but his greatest acts of courage came in pursuit of peace. He captured the imagination of people everywhere by taking the first great step toward achieving a lasting peace between Egypt and Israel. His humanity and sense of responsibility, even now that he is gone, remain a giant force for peace and stability in the world. Anwar el-Sadat was a peacemaker of monumental wisdom and tenderness who will remain forever a hero in the hearts of the American people.
Jump up ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Chief,Wilma Mankiller (1945–2010)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 15, 1998
Jump up ^ Mayer, Catherine (January 13, 2009). "A Presidential Medal for Tony Blair". Time. www.time.com. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Later today in a ceremony in the East Room of the White House, Bush is set to dole out a Presidential Medal of Freedom to Blair.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "George Bush, XLI President of the United States: 1989–1993, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medals of Freedom and Presidential Citizen's Medals, July 3, 1991". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. this ceremony would not be complete without honoring three more American leaders, exceptional public servants who each contributed singularly to our success in the Gulf...Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney....As to Dick Cheney, Secretary Cheney not only oversaw one of the largest deployments of forces in American history but also worked hard at the beginning of the crisis to ensure that America would respond decisively to aggression. His effective testimony before the United States Congress helped all our fellow countrymen understand what was at stake in the Gulf. Working swiftly, yet skillfully, when time was truly of the essence, he traveled to Saudi Arabia and arranged for the first deployment of U.S. and coalition troops to that nation. And when war came America was ready, and Secretary Cheney's leadership contributed enormously to the victory.
Jump up ^ "Lady Bird Johnson Biography". Lbjlib.utexas.edu. Archived from the original on December 5, 2010. Retrieved January 5, 2011. , for date of award see The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Lady Bird Johnson (1912–2007)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 10, 1977
Jump up ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Betty Ford (1918 – )...Presidential Medal of Freedom received November 18, 1991
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Senator Howard H. Baker, Jr. The citation: As a Member of the United States Senate, one of the country's most powerful and influential citizens, and an individual whose character shines brightly as an example to others, Howard Baker has been a force for responsibility and civility on a generation of Americans. In his almost 20 years of service, he has earned the respect and admiration of his fellow citizens regardless of their political persuasion. As Majority Leader of the Senate, his quiet, cooperative style and keen legislative skills have honored America's finest traditions of enlightened political leadership and statesmanship.
Jump up ^ "Presidential Medal of Freedom – John F. Kennedy Presidential Library & Museum". Jfklibrary.org. December 6, 1963. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (June 9, 1980). "Jimmy Carter, XXXIX President of the United States: 1977–1981, Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony, June 9, 1980". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved February 11, 2011. The President of the United States of America Awards This Presidential Medal of Freedom to Lyndon Baines Johnson, Lyndon B. Johnson cared deeply about our country, its citizens, and the condition of their lives. He knew well how to translate concern into action, and action into a national agenda. He did more than any American of his time to break the chains of injustice, illiteracy, poverty and sickness. We are a greater society because President Johnson lived among us and worked for us.
Jump up ^ "Remarks on presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to President Ronald Reagan-President George Bush-Transcript". The White House: Weekly Compilation of Presidential Documents. January 18, 1993. Archived from the original on November 16, 2010. Retrieved December 31, 2007.
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (June 9, 1980). "Gerald Ford, XXXVIII President of the United States: 1974–1977, Remarks Upon Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom, January 10, 1977". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Vice President Nelson A. Rockefeller...Patriot, philanthropist, patron of the arts, diplomat, Governor of New York, Vice President of the United States, his long years of service to his country have yielded governmental, economic, social and cultural contributions beyond measures."
Jump up ^ Wolley, John T.; Gerhard Peters (June 9, 1980). "Jimmy Carter, XXXIX President of the United States: 1977–1981, Presidential Medal of Freedom Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony, June 9, 1980". The American Presidency Project. www.presidency.ucsb.edu. Retrieved February 11, 2011. On occasion in our lives, a certain person touches the heartstrings of our existence and inspires us all in a special, deeply human way. I'd now like to ask the wife of Hubert Humphrey to come forward. [Applause] If you'll permit me an aside, I think the applause is not only for the honoree but for Muriel Humphrey as well, who shared so much. At this point, the President read the citation, the text of which follows: The President of the United States of America Awards this Presidential Medal of Freedom to Hubert H. Humphrey. Hubert H. Humphrey awed us with the scope of his knowledge; he inspired us with the depth of his sympathy; he moved us with his passion for social justice; he delighted us with his joyous love of his fellow human beings. He brought honor and enthusiasm to everything he did. He ennobled the political process.
Jump up ^ "Biden surprised with Presidential Medal of Freedom". The Miami Herald. January 12, 2017. Retrieved January 12, 2017.
Jump up ^ "Obama jokes about 'bromance' with Biden as he surprises VP with Presidential Medal of Freedom".
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Mr. Ball: Governor Herbert H. Lehman. I know that we were all deeply saddened to hear yesterday of the death of this great citizen. Mr. President, you may wish to read his citation in absentia. THE PRESIDENT. Citizen and statesman, he has used wisdom and compassion as the tools of government and has made politics the highest form of public service. Later, on January 28, 1964, the medal for Herbert H. Lehman was presented to Mrs. Lehman at a special ceremony at the White House.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011. Mr. Ball: Mr. George Meany. THE PRESIDENT. Citizen and national leader, in serving the cause of labor, he has greatly served the cause of his Nation and of freedom throughout the world.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Remarks With Under Secretary of State George W. Ball at the Presentation of the Medal of Freedom Awards, December 6, 1963". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 9, 2011. [President Johnson then resumed speaking.] I have also determined to confer the Presidential Medal of Freedom posthumously on another noble man whose death we mourned 6 months ago: His Holiness, Pope John XXIII.
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Dr. Norman Vincent Peale: With a deep understanding of human behavior and an appreciation for God's role in our lives, Dr. Norman Vincent Peale helped originate a philosophy of happiness. Through the American Foundation of Religion and Psychiatry and his many books, Dr. Peale became an advocate of the joy of life, helping millions find new meaning in their lives. Few Americans have contributed so much to the personal happiness of their fellow citizens as Dr. Norman Vincent Peale.
Jump up ^ The National First Ladies Library (November 16, 2010). Heroes of the Presidential Medal of Freedom (PDF). Canton Ohio. p. 3. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Dr. Margaret Mead (1901–1978)...Presidential Medal of Freedom received January 19, 1979
Jump up ^ "The American Presidency Project – Remarks on Presenting the Presidential Medal of Freedom to Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team in Houston – April 18, 1970". Presidency.ucsb.edu. April 18, 1970. Retrieved January 5, 2011.
Jump up ^ "President Obama Announces Sally Ride as a Recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom – April 18, 1970". Office of the Press Secretary. May 20, 2013. Retrieved July 2, 2013.
Jump up ^ https://www.theatlantic.com/news/archive/2016/09/white-house-olympics-berlin/502325/
Jump up ^ Woolley, John T; Gerhard Peters. "Ronald Reagan, XL President of the United States: 1981–1989, Remarks at the Presentation Ceremony for the Presidential Medal of Freedom, March 26, 1984". The American Presidency Project. University of California, Santa Barbara. Retrieved February 11, 2011. Mrs. Jackie Robinson will accept for her late husband, Mr. Jackie Robinson. As an individual of courage and conviction, and as a skilled and dedicated athlete, Jackie Robinson stood tall among his peers. His courage opened the door of professional sports to all Americans when, in 1947, he became the first black baseball player in the major leagues. He bravely demonstrated to all that skill and sportsmanship, not race or ethnic background, are the qualities by which athletes should be judged. In doing so, he struck a mighty blow for equality, freedom, and the American way of life. Jackie Robinson was a good citizen, a great man, and a true American champion.
Jump up ^ http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/index.php?pid=46740
Jump up ^ http://m.mlb.com/news/article/56874136/

text: Bibliography[edit]

text: Wetterau, Bruce. The Presidential Medal of Freedom: Winners and Their Achievements. p. 513. ISBN 978-1-56802-128-7.  – contains a list of awardees from 1963 to approximately 1995


document_title: Radian

question_text: in the radian system of angular measurement what is the measure of one revolution

root

text: Radian

text: Definition

text: Radian describes the plane angle subtended by a circular arc as the length of the arc divided by the radius of the arc. One radian is the angle subtended at the center of a circle by an arc that is equal in length to the radius of the circle. More generally, the magnitude in radians of such a subtended angle is equal to the ratio of the arc length to the radius of the circle; that is, θ = s / r, where θ is the subtended angle in radians, s is arc length, and r is radius. Conversely, the length of the enclosed arc is equal to the radius multiplied by the magnitude of the angle in radians; that is, s = rθ.

tag: p

text: As the ratio of two lengths, the radian is a "pure number" that needs no unit symbol, and in mathematical writing the symbol "rad" is almost always omitted. When quantifying an angle in the absence of any symbol, radians are assumed, and when degrees are meant the symbol ° is used.

text: It follows that the magnitude in radians of one complete revolution (360 degrees) is the length of the entire circumference divided by the radius, or 2πr / r, or 2π. Thus 2π radians is equal to 360 degrees, meaning that one radian is equal to 180/π degrees.

text:
The relation

2
π

 rad

=

360

∘

{\displaystyle 2\pi {\text{ rad}}=360^{\circ }}

 can be derived using the formula for arc length. Taking the formula for arc length, or

ℓ

a
r
c

=
2
π
r

(

θ

360

∘

)

{\displaystyle \ell _{arc}=2\pi r\left({\frac {\theta }{360^{\circ }}}\right)}

. Assuming a unit circle; the radius is therefore one. Knowing that the definition of radian is the measure of an angle that subtends an arc of a length equal to the radius of the circle, we know that

1
=
2
π

(

1

 rad

360

∘

)

{\displaystyle 1=2\pi \left({\frac {1{\text{ rad}}}{360^{\circ }}}\right)}

. This can be further simplified to

1
=

2
π

 rad

360

∘

{\displaystyle 1={\frac {2\pi {\text{ rad}}}{360^{\circ }}}}

. Multiplying both sides by

360

∘

{\displaystyle 360^{\circ }}

 gives

360

∘

=
2
π

 rad

{\displaystyle 360^{\circ }=2\pi {\text{ rad}}}

.

text: History

text: The concept of radian measure, as opposed to the degree of an angle, is normally credited to Roger Cotes in 1714.[4][5] He described the radian in everything but name, and he recognized its naturalness as a unit of angular measure. The idea of measuring angles by the length of the arc was already in use by other mathematicians. For example, al-Kashi (c. 1400) used so-called diameter parts as units where one diameter part was 1/60 radian and they also used sexagesimal subunits of the diameter part.[6]

text: The term radian first appeared in print on 5 June 1873, in examination questions set by James Thomson (brother of Lord Kelvin) at Queen's College, Belfast. He had used the term as early as 1871, while in 1869, Thomas Muir, then of the University of St Andrews, vacillated between the terms rad, radial, and radian. In 1874, after a consultation with James Thomson, Muir adopted radian.[7][8][9]

text: Conversions

text:
Conversion of common angles

Turns
Radians
Degrees
Gradians (Gons)

0
0
0°
0g

1/24
π/12
15°
16 2/3g

1/12
π/6
30°
33 1/3g

1/10
π/5
36°
40g

1/8
π/4
45°
50g

1/2π
1
c. 57.3°
c. 63.7g

1/6
π/3
60°
66 2/3g

1/5
2π/5
72°
80g

1/4
π/2
90°
100g

1/3
2π/3
120°
133 1/3g

2/5
4π/5
144°
160g

1/2
π
180°
200g

3/4
3π/2
270°
300g

1
2π
360°
400g

tag: table

text: Conversion between radians and degrees

text: As stated, one radian is equal to 180/π degrees. Thus, to convert from radians to degrees, multiply by 180/π.

text: For example:

text: Conversely, to convert from degrees to radians, multiply by π/180.

text: For example:

text:
23

∘

=
23
⋅

π

180

∘

≈
0.4014

 rad

{\displaystyle 23^{\circ }=23\cdot {\frac {\pi }{180^{\circ }}}\approx 0.4014{\text{ rad}}}

text: Radians can be converted to turns (complete revolutions) by dividing the number of radians by 2π.

text: Radian to degree conversion derivation

text:
The length of circumference of a circle is given by

2
π
r

{\displaystyle 2\pi r}

, where

r

{\displaystyle r}

 is the radius of the circle.

text: So the following equivalent relation is true:

text:
360

∘

⟺

2
π
r

{\displaystyle 360^{\circ }\iff 2\pi r}

 [Since a

360

∘

{\displaystyle 360^{\circ }}

 sweep is needed to draw a full circle]

text: By the definition of radian, a full circle represents:

text: Combining both the above relations:

text: Conversion between radians and gradians

text:
2
π

{\displaystyle 2\pi }

 radians equals one turn, which is by definition 400 gradians (400 gons or 400g). So, to convert from radians to gradians multiply by

200

/

π

{\displaystyle 200/\pi }

, and to convert from gradians to radians multiply by

π

/

200

{\displaystyle \pi /200}

. For example,

text: Advantages of measuring in radians

text: In calculus and most other branches of mathematics beyond practical geometry, angles are universally measured in radians. This is because radians have a mathematical "naturalness" that leads to a more elegant formulation of a number of important results.

text: Most notably, results in analysis involving trigonometric functions are simple and elegant when the functions' arguments are expressed in radians. For example, the use of radians leads to the simple limit formula

text: which is the basis of many other identities in mathematics, including

text:
Because of these and other properties, the trigonometric functions appear in solutions to mathematical problems that are not obviously related to the functions' geometrical meanings (for example, the solutions to the differential equation

d

2

y

d

x

2

=
−
y

{\displaystyle {\frac {d^{2}y}{dx^{2}}}=-y}

, the evaluation of the integral

∫

d
x

1
+

x

2

{\displaystyle \int {\frac {dx}{1+x^{2}}}}

, and so on). In all such cases it is found that the arguments to the functions are most naturally written in the form that corresponds, in geometrical contexts, to the radian measurement of angles.

text: The trigonometric functions also have simple and elegant series expansions when radians are used; for example, the following Taylor series for sin x :

text: If x were expressed in degrees then the series would contain messy factors involving powers of π/180: if x is the number of degrees, the number of radians is y = πx / 180, so

text: Mathematically important relationships between the sine and cosine functions and the exponential function (see, for example, Euler's formula) are, again, elegant when the functions' arguments are in radians and messy otherwise.

text: Dimensional analysis

text: Although the radian is a unit of measure, it is a dimensionless quantity. This can be seen from the definition given earlier: the angle subtended at the centre of a circle, measured in radians, is equal to the ratio of the length of the enclosed arc to the length of the circle's radius. Since the units of measurement cancel, this ratio is dimensionless.

text: Although polar and spherical coordinates use radians to describe coordinates in two and three dimensions, the unit is derived from the radius coordinate, so the angle measure is still dimensionless.[10]

text: Use in physics

text: The radian is widely used in physics when angular measurements are required. For example, angular velocity is typically measured in radians per second (rad/s). One revolution per second is equal to 2π radians per second.

text: Similarly, angular acceleration is often measured in radians per second per second (rad/s2).

text: For the purpose of dimensional analysis, the units of angular velocity and angular acceleration are s−1 and s−2 respectively.

text: Likewise, the phase difference of two waves can also be measured in radians. For example, if the phase difference of two waves is (k⋅2π) radians, where k is an integer, they are considered in phase, whilst if the phase difference of two waves is (k⋅2π + π), where k is an integer, they are considered in antiphase.

text: SI multiples

text: Metric prefixes have limited use with radians, and none in mathematics. A milliradian (mrad) is a thousandth of a radian and a microradian (μrad) is a millionth of a radian, i.e. 103 mrad = 106 μrad = 1 rad.

text: There are 2π × 1000 milliradians (≈ 6283.185 mrad) in a circle. So a trigonometric milliradian is just under 1/6283 of a circle. This “real” trigonometric unit of angular measurement of a circle is in use by telescopic sight manufacturers using (stadiametric) rangefinding in reticles. The divergence of laser beams is also usually measured in milliradians.

text: An approximation of the trigonometric milliradian (0.001 rad) is used by NATO and other military organizations in gunnery and targeting. Each angular mil represents 1/6400 of a circle and is 15/8% or 1.875% smaller than the trigonometric milliradian. For the small angles typically found in targeting work, the convenience of using the number 6400 in calculation outweighs the small mathematical errors it introduces. In the past, other gunnery systems have used different approximations to 1/2000π; for example Sweden used the 1/6300 streck and the USSR used 1/6000. Being based on the milliradian, the NATO mil subtends roughly 1 m at a range of 1000 m (at such small angles, the curvature is negligible).

text: Smaller units like microradians (μrad) and nanoradians (nrad) are used in astronomy, and can also be used to measure the beam quality of lasers with ultra-low divergence. More common is arc second, which is π/648,000 rad (around 4.8481 microradians). Similarly, the prefixes smaller than milli- are potentially useful in measuring extremely small angles.


document_title: 2018 Radio Disney Music Awards

question_text: who will be performing at the rdmas 2018

text: 2018 Radio Disney Music Awards

text: Performances[edit]

text:
Performer(s)[2]

Song[3]

Meghan Trainor

"Let You Be Right""No Excuses"

Echosmith

"Over My Head""Cool Kids"

Kelly Clarkson

"Miss Independent""Since U Been Gone""My Life Would Suck Without You""Catch My Breath""Stronger""Heat"

Marshmello

"Alone""Friends""Silence"

Maddie Poppe

"Going, Going, Gone"

Charlie Puth

"The Way I Am"

Carrie Underwood feat. Ludacris

"The Champion"

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text:
The nominees were announced via a nomination live stream on April 27, 2018.[4][5]
Voting began the day nominations released.[5]

tag: ul

text:
Best Artist

Breakout Artist of the Year

Shawn Mendes
Selena Gomez
Bruno Mars
Ed Sheeran
Taylor Swift
Meghan Trainor

Camila Cabello
Halsey
Dua Lipa
Marshmello
Julia Michaels
Charlie Puth

Best Group

Song of the Year

BTS
Clean Bandit
Echosmith
Imagine Dragons
Maroon 5

"Havana" - Camila Cabello
"Look What You Made Me Do" - Taylor Swift
"The Middle" - Zedd, Maren Morris, and Grey
"There's Nothing Holdin' Me Back" - Shawn Mendes
"Wolves" - Selena Gomez and Marshmello

Favorite Social Music Artist

Best Dance Track

Max & Harvey
Alex Aiono
Chloe x Halle
HRVY
Carson Lueders
Rudy Mancuso

"Mic Drop (Steve Aoki Remix)" - BTS
"Friends" - Justin Bieber and BloodPop
"Let Me Go" - Hailee Steinfeld and Alesso featuring Florida Georgia Line and Andrew Watt
"The Middle" - Zedd, Maren Morris, and Grey
"Silence - Marshmello featuring Khalid

Best New Artist

Best Collaboration

Bebe Rexha
Cheat Codes
Hey Violet
Lauv
Why Don't We

"It Ain't Me" - Selena Gomez and Kygo
"Meant to Be" - Bebe Rexha featuring Florida Georgia Line
"No Promises" - Cheat Codes featuring Demi Lovato
"Mi Gente" - J Balvin and Willy William
"The Middle" - Zedd, Maren Morris, and Grey

Best Crush Song

Fiercest Fans

"Perfect" - Ed Sheeran
"I Like Me Better" - Lauv
"Why" - Sabrina Carpenter
"Ins and Outs" - Sofia Carson
"Legends" - Kelsea Ballerini

BTS Army (BTS)
Mellogang (Marshmello)
Megatronz (Meghan Trainor)
Mendes Army (Shawn Mendes)
Selenators (Selena Gomez)

Best Song That Makes You Smile

Best Song to Lip Sync To

"DNA" - BTS
"I Miss Those Days" - Bleachers
"No Excuses" - Meghan Trainor
"One Foot" - Walk the Moon
"So Much More Than This" - Grace VanderWaal

"New Rules" - Dua Lipa
"Look What You Made Me Do - Taylor Swift
"Sorry Not Sorry" - Demi Lovato
"These Girls" - Why Don't We
"This Is Me" - Keala Settle

Country Favorite Artist

Country Best New Artist

Kelsea Ballerini
Luke Bryan
Florida Georgia Line
Maren Morris
Thomas Rhett

Carly Pearce
Jordan Davis
Devin Dawson
Jillian Jacqueline
Lanco

Country Favorite Song

Hero Award

"Meant to Be" - Bebe Rexha featuring Florida Georgia Line
"Legends" - Kelsea Ballerini
"Take Back Home Girl - Chris Lane and Tori Kelly
"Unforgettable" - Thomas Rhett
"You Broke Up with Me - Walker Hayes

Carrie Underwood

Icon Award

Kelly Clarkson[6]

Impact Award

Janet Jackson[2]


document_title: Most common words in English

question_text: whats the most used word in the english language

text: Most common words in English

text: 100 most common words

text: Based on an analysis of the Oxford English Corpus (a large collection of texts in the English language), the 100 words that occur most frequently in written English is given below.[1]

text: The table also includes frequencies from other corpora, note that as well as usage differences, lemmatisation may differ from corpus to corpus - for example splitting the prepositional use of "to" from the use as a particle. Also the COCA list includes dispersion as well as frequency to calculate rank.

text:
Word
Parts of speech
OEC rank
COCA rank[6]
Dolch level

the
Article
1
1
Pre-primer

be
Verb
2
2
primer

to
Preposition
3
7, 9
Pre-primer

of
Preposition
4
4
Grade 1

and
Conjunction
5
3
Pre-primer

a
Article
6
5
Pre-primer

in
Preposition
7
6, 128, 3038
Pre-primer

that
Conjunction et al.
8
12, 27, 903
primer

have
Verb
9
8
primer

I
Pronoun
10
11
Pre-primer

it
Pronoun
11
10
Pre-primer

for
Preposition
12
13, 2339
Pre-primer

not
Adverb et al.
13
28, 2929
Pre-primer

on
Preposition
14
17, 155
primer

with
Preposition
15
16
primer

he
Pronoun
16
15
primer

as
Adverb, conjunction, et al.
17
33, 49, 129
Grade 1

you
Pronoun
18
14
Pre-primer

do
Verb, noun
19
18
primer

at
Preposition
20
22
primer

this
Determiner, adverb, noun
21
20, 4665
primer

but
Preposition, adverb, conjunction
22
23, 1715
primer

his
Possessive pronoun
23
25, 1887
Grade 1

by
Preposition
24
30, 1190
Grade 1

from
Preposition
25
26
Grade 1

they
Pronoun
26
21
primer

we
Pronoun
27
24
Pre-primer

say
Verb et al.
28
19
primer

her
Possessive pronoun
29, 106
42
Grade 1

she
Pronoun
30
31
primer

or
Conjunction
31
32
Grade 2

an
Article
32
(a)
Grade 1

will
Verb, noun
33
48, 1506
primer

my
Possessive pronoun
34
44
Pre-primer

one
Noun, adjective, et al.
35
51, 104, 839
Pre-primer

all
Adjective
36
43, 222
primer

would
Verb
37
41
Grade 2

there
Adverb, pronoun, et al.
38
53, 116
primer

their
Possessive pronoun
39
36
Grade 2

what
Pronoun, adverb, et al.
40
34
primer

so
Conjunction, adverb, et al.
41
55, 196
primer

up
Adverb, preposition, et al.
42
50, 456
Pre-primer

out
Preposition
43
64, 149
primer

if
Conjunction
44
40
Grade 3

about
Preposition, adverb, et al.
45
46, 179
Grade 3

who
Pronoun, noun
46
38
primer

get
Verb
47
39
primer

which

48
58
Grade 2

go
Verb, noun
49
35
Pre-primer

me
Pronoun
50
61
Pre-primer

when

51
57, 136
Grade 1

make
Verb, noun
52
45

can

53
37, 2973

like

54
74, 208, 1123, 1684, 2702

time

55
52

no

56
93, 699, 916, 1111, 4555

just
Adjective
57
66, 1823

him
Pronoun
58
68

know
Verb, noun
59
47

take
Verb, noun
60
63

people
Noun
61
62

into

62
65

year
Noun
63
54

your
Possessive pronoun
64
69

good
Adjective
65
110, 2280

some

66
60

could
Verb
67
71

them

68
59

see
Verb
69
67

other

70
75, 715, 2355

than

71
73, 712

then

72
77

now

73
72, 1906

look
Verb
74
85, 604

only

75
101, 329

come
Verb
76
70

its
Possessive pronoun
77
78

over
Preposition
78
124, 182

think

79
56

also

80
87

back

81
108, 323, 1877

after
Preposition
82
120, 260

use
Verb, noun
83
92, 429

two

84
80

how

85
76

our
Possessive pronoun
86
79

work
Verb, noun
87
117, 199

first

88
86, 2064

well
Adverb
89
100, 644

way

90
84, 4090

even

91
107, 484

new
Adjective et al.
92
88

want

93
83

because

94
89, 509

any

95
109, 4720

these

96
82

give
Verb
97
98

day

98
90

most

99
144, 187

us
Pronoun
100
113

text: Parts of speech

text: The following is the same list subdivided by part of speech.[1] The list labeled "Others" includes pronouns, possessives, articles, modal verbs, adverbs, and conjunctions.

text: Nouns

text:
time
person
year
way
day
thing
man
world
life
hand
part
child
eye
woman
place
work
week
case
point
government
company
number
group
problem
fact

tag: ol

text: Verbs

text:
be
have
do
say
get
make
go
know
take
see
come
think
look
want
give
use
find
tell
ask
work
seem
feel
try
leave
call

text: Adjectives

text:
good
new
first
last
long
great
little
own
other
old
right
big
high
different
small
large
next
early
young
important
few
public
bad
same
able

text: Prepositions

text:
to
of
in
for
on
with
at
by
from
up
about
into
over
after

text: Others

text:
the
and
a
that
I
it
not
he
as
you
this
but
his
they
her
she
or
an
will
my
one
all
would
there
their


document_title: Daniel Truhitte

question_text: who played rolf in the sound of music movie

text: Daniel Truhitte

text: This  biography of a living person needs additional citations for verification, as it includes attribution to IMDb. IMDb may not be a reliable source for biographical information. Please help by adding additional, reliable sources for verification. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (August 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Daniel TruhitteBorn
 (1943-09-10) September 10, 1943 (age 74)Sacramento, CaliforniaYears active
1965-presentSpouse(s)
Gabriele (1966-?) (divorced)Mary (divorced)Tarealia Haney (1992-present)

text: Daniel Lee Truhitte (born September 10, 1943 in Sacramento, California) is an American actor, best known for his portrayal of Rolfe Gruber, the young Austrian telegraph delivery boy who performed "Sixteen Going on Seventeen", in the film The Sound of Music (1965). Truhitte is a singer, actor, dancer, and teacher of young performers.

text: Career[edit]

text: Daniel Truhitte began dance training at the age of 6 and began taking voice lessons at the age of 10. When he was 15 years old, he received a scholarship to The Sacramento Ballet. After high school, Truhitte received a scholarship to the Pasadena Playhouse. He also attended Ambassador College in Pasadena, California. After filming The Sound of Music, he joined the Marine Corps. In 1989, Truhitte moved to Weddington, North Carolina, and then finally to Concord, North Carolina and began teaching young performers. He appeared in an episode of Entertainment Tonight titled "A Day in the Life of Dan Truhitte" on September 10, 1993, after The Old Courthouse Theatre of Concord, North Carolina asked him to play Captain Von Trapp in their production of The Sound of Music. Truhitte portrayed Captain von Trapp once again in the Hudson, North Carolina Dinner Theatre Production of The Sound of Music in October 2013.


document_title: Oh, the Places You'll Go!

question_text: who said oh the places you'll go

question_tokens: who said oh the places you 'll go

text: Oh, the Places You'll Go!

text:
Oh, the Places You'll Go!

Author
Dr. Seuss

Country
United States

Language
English

Genre
Children's literature

Publisher
Random House

Publication date

January 22, 1990

Media type
Print (Hardcover and paperback)

ISBN
0-679-80527-3

OCLC
20169007

Dewey Decimal

[E] 20

LC Class
PZ8.3.G276 Og 1990

Preceded by
I Am Not Going to Get Up Today!

Followed by
Daisy-Head Mayzie

text: Oh, the Places You'll Go! is a book written and illustrated by children's author Dr. Seuss. It was first published by Random House on January 22, 1990, making it his last book published in his lifetime. The book concerns the journey of life and its challenges.

text: Though written in the style of classics such as Green Eggs and Ham and The Cat in the Hat, Oh, the Places You’ll Go! has many specific characters including a narrator and the reader. A young boy, referred to simply as "you", initiates the action of the story. However, the presence of a main character helps readers to identify with the book. It is written in second person and uses future tense.

text: Plot[edit]

text: The story begins with the narrator, relating the decision of the unnamed protagonist (who represents the reader) to leave town. The protagonist travels through several geometrical and polychromatic landscapes and places, eventually encountering a place simply called "The Waiting Place", which is ominously addressed as being a place where everyone is always waiting for something to happen. As the protagonist continues to explore, spurred on by the thoughts of places he will visit and things he will discover, the book cheerfully concludes with an open end.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Upon its original release in 1990, Oh, the Places You'll Go! reached number one on The New York Times Best-Selling Fiction Hardcover list. That made Dr. Seuss one of the handful of authors to have number one Hardcover Fiction and Nonfiction books on the list; among them are John Steinbeck, Jimmy Buffett and Mitch Albom; his You're Only Old Once hit number one on the Nonfiction list in 1986.

text: In the United States and Canada, Oh, the Places You'll Go! is a popular gift for students graduating from high school and college, spiking in sales every spring.[1] It reached number one on USA Today's Best Selling Book list in 1997, and reached #2 in 2015 and 2017.[2] Based on a 2007 online poll, the National Education Association named the book one of its "Teachers' Top 100 Books for Children."[3]