document_title: Day of the Dead

question_text: what do they do on the first day of the dead

text: Day of the Dead

text: Observance in Mexico

text: Origins

text: The Day of the Dead celebrations in Mexico developed from ancient traditions among its pre-Columbian cultures. Rituals celebrating the deaths of ancestors had been observed by these civilizations perhaps for as long as 2,500–3,000 years.[11] The festival that developed into the modern Day of the Dead fell in the ninth month of the Aztec calendar, about the beginning of August, and was celebrated for an entire month. The festivities were dedicated to the goddess[12] known as the "Lady of the Dead", corresponding to the modern La Calavera Catrina.

text: By the late 20th century in most regions of Mexico, practices had developed to honor dead children and infants on November 1, and to honor deceased adults on November 2. November 1 is generally referred to as Día de los Inocentes ("Day of the Innocents") but also as Día de los Angelitos ("Day of the Little Angels"); November 2 is referred to as Día de los Muertos or Día de los Difuntos ("Day of the Dead").[13]

text: Beliefs

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Frances Ann Day summarizes the three-day celebration, the Day of the Dead:

text:
“
On October 31, All Hallows Eve, the children make a children's altar to invite the angelitos (spirits of dead children) to come back for a visit. November 1 is All Saints Day, and the adult spirits will come to visit. November 2 is All Souls Day, when families go to the cemetery to decorate the graves and tombs of their relatives. The three-day fiesta is filled with marigolds, the flowers of the dead; muertos (the bread of the dead); sugar skulls; cardboard skeletons; tissue paper decorations; fruit and nuts; incense, and other traditional foods and decorations.
”

— Latina and Latino Voices in Literature[4]

text: People go to cemeteries to be with the souls of the departed and build private altars containing the favorite foods and beverages, as well as photos and memorabilia, of the departed. The intent is to encourage visits by the souls, so the souls will hear the prayers and the comments of the living directed to them. Celebrations can take a humorous tone, as celebrants remember funny events and anecdotes about the departed.[13]

text: Plans for the day are made throughout the year, including gathering the goods to be offered to the dead. During the three-day period families usually clean and decorate graves;[12] most visit the cemeteries where their loved ones are buried and decorate their graves with ofrendas (altars), which often include orange Mexican marigolds (Tagetes erecta) called cempasúchil (originally named cempoaxochitl, Nāhuatl for "twenty flowers"). In modern Mexico the marigold is sometimes called Flor de Muerto (Flower of Dead). These flowers are thought to attract souls of the dead to the offerings.

text: Toys are brought for dead children (los angelitos, or "the little angels"), and bottles of tequila, mezcal or pulque or jars of atole for adults. Families will also offer trinkets or the deceased's favorite candies on the grave. Some families have ofrendas in homes, usually with foods such as candied pumpkin, pan de muerto ("bread of dead"), and sugar skulls; and beverages such as atole. The ofrendas are left out in the homes as a welcoming gesture for the deceased.[12] Some people believe the spirits of the dead eat the "spiritual essence" of the ofrendas food, so though the celebrators eat the food after the festivities, they believe it lacks nutritional value. Pillows and blankets are left out so the deceased can rest after their long journey. In some parts of Mexico, such as the towns of Mixquic, Pátzcuaro and Janitzio, people spend all night beside the graves of their relatives. In many places, people have picnics at the grave site, as well.

text: Some families build altars or small shrines in their homes;[12] these sometimes feature a Christian cross, statues or pictures of the Blessed Virgin Mary, pictures of deceased relatives and other people, scores of candles, and an ofrenda. Traditionally, families spend some time around the altar, praying and telling anecdotes about the deceased. In some locations, celebrants wear shells on their clothing, so when they dance, the noise will wake up the dead; some will also dress up as the deceased.

text: Public schools at all levels build altars with ofrendas, usually omitting the religious symbols. Government offices usually have at least a small altar, as this holiday is seen as important to the Mexican heritage.

text: Those with a distinctive talent for writing sometimes create short poems, called calaveras (skulls), mocking epitaphs of friends, describing interesting habits and attitudes or funny anecdotes. This custom originated in the 18th or 19th century after a newspaper published a poem narrating a dream of a cemetery in the future, "and all of us were dead", proceeding to read the tombstones. Newspapers dedicate calaveras to public figures, with cartoons of skeletons in the style of the famous calaveras of José Guadalupe Posada, a Mexican illustrator. Theatrical presentations of Don Juan Tenorio by José Zorrilla (1817–1893) are also traditional on this day.

text: José Guadalupe Posada created a famous print of a figure he called La Calavera Catrina ("The Elegant Skull") as a parody of a Mexican upper-class female. Posada's striking image of a costumed female with a skeleton face has become associated with the Day of the Dead, and Catrina figures often are a prominent part of modern Day of the Dead observances.

text: A common symbol of the holiday is the skull (in Spanish calavera), which celebrants represent in masks, called calacas (colloquial term for skeleton), and foods such as sugar or chocolate skulls, which are inscribed with the name of the recipient on the forehead. Sugar skulls can be given as gifts to both the living and the dead. Other holiday foods include pan de muerto, a sweet egg bread made in various shapes from plain rounds to skulls and rabbits, often decorated with white frosting to look like twisted bones.

text: The traditions and activities that take place in celebration of the Day of the Dead are not universal, often varying from town to town. For example, in the town of Pátzcuaro on the Lago de Pátzcuaro in Michoacán, the tradition is very different if the deceased is a child rather than an adult. On November 1 of the year after a child's death, the godparents set a table in the parents' home with sweets, fruits, pan de muerto, a cross, a rosary (used to ask the Virgin Mary to pray for them) and candles. This is meant to celebrate the child's life, in respect and appreciation for the parents. There is also dancing with colorful costumes, often with skull-shaped masks and devil masks in the plaza or garden of the town. At midnight on November 2, the people light candles and ride winged boats called mariposas (butterflies) to Janitzio, an island in the middle of the lake where there is a cemetery, to honor and celebrate the lives of the dead there.

text: In contrast, the town of Ocotepec, north of Cuernavaca in the State of Morelos, opens its doors to visitors in exchange for veladoras (small wax candles) to show respect for the recently deceased. In return the visitors receive tamales and atole. This is done only by the owners of the house where someone in the household has died in the previous year. Many people of the surrounding areas arrive early to eat for free and enjoy the elaborate altars set up to receive the visitors.

text: In some parts of the country (especially the cities, where in recent years other customs have been displaced) children in costumes roam the streets, knocking on people's doors for a calaverita, a small gift of candies or money; they also ask passersby for it. This relatively recent custom is similar to that of Halloween's trick-or-treating in the United States.

text: Some people believe possessing Day of the Dead items can bring good luck. Many people get tattoos or have dolls of the dead to carry with them. They also clean their houses and prepare the favorite dishes of their deceased loved ones to place upon their altar or ofrenda.

text: Food

text: During Day of the Dead festivities, food is both eaten by living people and given to the spirits of their departed ancestors as ofrendas ("offerings").[14] Tamales are one of the most common dishes prepared for this day for both purposes.[15]

text: Pan de muerto and calaveras are associated specifically with Day of the Dead. Pan de muerto is a type of sweet roll shaped like a bun, topped with sugar, and often decorated with bone-shaped phalanges pieces.[16] Calaveras, or sugar skulls, display colorful designs to represent the vitality and individual personality of the departed.[15]

text: In addition to food, drink is also important to the tradition of Day of the Dead. Historically, the main alcoholic drink was pulque while today families will commonly drink the favorite beverage of their deceased ancestors.[15] Other drinks associated with the holiday are atole and champurrado, warm, thick, non-alcoholic masa drinks.

text: Jamaican iced tea is a popular herbal tea made of the flowers and leaves of the Jamaican hibiscus plant (Hibiscus sabdariffa), known as flor de Jamaica in Mexico. It is served cold and quite sweet with a lot of ice. The ruby-red beverage is called hibiscus tea in English-speaking countries and called agua de Jamaica (water of Jamaica) in Spanish.[17]

text: Observances outside Mexico

text: Americas

text: Belize

text: In Belize, Day of the Dead is practiced by people of the Yucatec Maya ethnicity. The celebration is known as Hanal Pixan which means "food for the souls" in their language. Altars are constructed and decorated with food, drinks, candies, and candles put on them.

text: Bolivia

text: Día de las Ñatitas ("Day of the Skulls") is a festival celebrated in La Paz, Bolivia, on May 5. In pre-Columbian times indigenous Andeans had a tradition of sharing a day with the bones of their ancestors on the third year after burial. Today families keep only the skulls for such rituals. Traditionally, the skulls of family members are kept at home to watch over the family and protect them during the year. On November 9, the family crowns the skulls with fresh flowers, sometimes also dressing them in various garments, and making offerings of cigarettes, coca leaves, alcohol, and various other items in thanks for the year's protection. The skulls are also sometimes taken to the central cemetery in La Paz for a special Mass and blessing.[18][19][20]

text: Brazil

text: The Brazilian public holiday of Finados (Day of the Dead) is celebrated on November 2. Similar to other Day of the Dead celebrations, people go to cemeteries and churches with flowers and candles and offer prayers. The celebration is intended as a positive honoring of the dead. Memorializing the dead draws from indigenous, African and European Catholic origins.

text: Guatemala

text: Guatemalan celebrations of the Day of the Dead, on November 1, are highlighted by the construction and flying of giant kites[21] in addition to the traditional visits to grave sites of ancestors. A big event also is the consumption of fiambre, which is made only for this day during the year.

text: Ecuador

text: In Ecuador the Day of the Dead is observed to some extent by all parts of society, though it is especially important to the indigenous Kichwa peoples, who make up an estimated quarter of the population. Indigena families gather together in the community cemetery with offerings of food for a day-long remembrance of their ancestors and lost loved ones. Ceremonial foods include colada morada, a spiced fruit porridge that derives its deep purple color from the Andean blackberry and purple maize. This is typically consumed with guagua de pan, a bread shaped like a swaddled infant, though variations include many pigs—the latter being traditional to the city of Loja. The bread, which is wheat flour-based today, but was made with masa in the pre-Columbian era, can be made savory with cheese inside or sweet with a filling of guava paste. These traditions have permeated mainstream society, as well, where food establishments add both colada morada and gaugua de pan to their menus for the season. Many non-indigenous Ecuadorians visit the graves of the deceased, cleaning and bringing flowers, or preparing the traditional foods, too.[22]

text: Peru

text: Usually people visit the cemetery and bring flowers to decorate the graves of dead relatives. Sometimes people play music at the cemetery.[23]

text: United States

text: In many American communities with Mexican residents, Day of the Dead celebrations are very similar to those held in Mexico. In some of these communities, in states such as Texas,[24] New Mexico,[25] and Arizona,[26] the celebrations tend to be mostly traditional. The All Souls Procession has been an annual Tucson, Arizona event since 1990. The event combines elements of traditional Day of the Dead celebrations with those of pagan harvest festivals. People wearing masks carry signs honoring the dead and an urn in which people can place slips of paper with prayers on them to be burned.[27] Likewise, Old Town San Diego, California annually hosts a traditional two-day celebration culminating in a candlelight procession to the historic El Campo Santo Cemetery.[28]

text: In Missoula, Montana, celebrants wearing skeleton costumes and walking on stilts, riding novelty bicycles, and traveling on skis parade through town.[29]

text: The festival also is held annually at historic Forest Hills Cemetery in Boston's Jamaica Plain neighborhood. Sponsored by Forest Hills Educational Trust and the folkloric performance group La Piñata, the Day of the Dead festivities celebrate the cycle of life and death. People bring offerings of flowers, photos, mementos, and food for their departed loved ones, which they place at an elaborately and colorfully decorated altar. A program of traditional music and dance also accompanies the community event.

text: The Smithsonian Institution, in collaboration with the University of Texas at El Paso and Second Life, have created a Smithsonian Latino Virtual Museum and accompanying multimedia e-book: Día de los Muertos: Day of the Dead. The project's website contains some of the text and images which explain the origins of some of the customary core practices related to the Day of the Dead, such as the background beliefs and the offrenda (the special altar commemorating one's deceased loved one).[30] The Made For iTunes multimedia e-book version provides additional content, such as further details; additional photo galleries; pop-up profiles of influential Latino artists and cultural figures over the decades; and video clips[31] of interviews with artists who make Dia de Muertos-themed artwork, explanations and performances of Aztec and other traditional dances, an animation short that explains the customs to children, virtual poetry readings in English and Spanish.[32][33]

text: California

text: Santa Ana, California is said to hold the "largest event in Southern California" honoring Día de Muertos, called the annual Noche de Altares, which began in 2002.[34] The celebration of the Day of the Dead in Santa Ana has grown to two large events with the creation of an event held at the Santa Ana Regional Transportation Center for the first time on November 1, 2015.[35]

text: In other communities, interactions between Mexican traditions and American culture are resulting in celebrations in which Mexican traditions are being extended to make artistic or sometimes political statements. For example, in Los Angeles, California, the Self Help Graphics & Art Mexican-American cultural center presents an annual Day of the Dead celebration that includes both traditional and political elements, such as altars to honor the victims of the Iraq War, highlighting the high casualty rate among Latino soldiers. An updated, intercultural version of the Day of the Dead is also evolving at Hollywood Forever Cemetery.[36] There, in a mixture of Native Californian art, Mexican traditions and Hollywood hip, conventional altars are set up side-by-side with altars to Jayne Mansfield and Johnny Ramone. Colorful native dancers and music intermix with performance artists, while sly pranksters play on traditional themes.

text: Similar traditional and intercultural updating of Mexican celebrations are held in San Francisco. For example, the Galería de la Raza, SomArts Cultural Center, Mission Cultural Center, de Young Museum and altars at Garfield Square by the Marigold Project.[37] Oakland is home to Corazon Del Pueblo in the Fruitvale district. Corazon Del Pueblo has a shop offering handcrafted Mexican gifts and a museum devoted to Day of the Dead artifacts. Also, the Fruitvale district in Oakland serves as the hub of the Dia de Muertos annual festival which occurs the last weekend of October. Here, a mix of several Mexican traditions come together with traditional Aztec dancers, regional Mexican music, and other Mexican artisans to celebrate the day.[38]

text: Asia

text: Goa, India

text: The Catholic traditions were initiated with the arrival of the Portuguese in 1510. The Almacho Dis (Souls Day) is commemorated on Nov 2, following all Saints Day (Nov. 1). On this day, the forgotten souls are remembered and spiritual charity is done though prayer for the deceased family and ancestral souls. Charity is practiced also by offering food for the poor called beggars lunch (bikareanchem jevonn) where the poor are invited for lunch, from the village and treated with dignity and respect. The invited down trodden are served as guest and usually commences with prayers for the deceased souls. Following mass on all souls day, the deceased visit the graveyard of the deceased souls and pray and also decorate their graves.[39]

text: The Philippines

text: While ancestor veneration is an ancient part of Filipino culture, the modern observance is believed to have been imported from Mexico when the islands (as part of the Spanish East Indies) were governed from Mexico City as part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain.[citation needed] During the holiday (observed every November 1), Filipinos customarily visit family tombs and other graves, which they repair and clean. Entire families spend a night or two at their loved ones' tombs, passing time with card games, eating, drinking, singing and dancing. Prayers such as the rosary are often said for the deceased, who are normally offered candles, flowers, food, and even liquor. Some Catholic Chinese Filipino families additionally offer joss sticks to the dead, and observe customs otherwise associated with the Hungry Ghost Festival.

text: Europe

text: In Christian Europe, Roman Catholic customs absorbed pagan traditions. All Saints Day and All Souls Day became the autumnal celebration of the dead. Over many centuries, rites which had occurred in cultivated fields, where the souls of the dead were thought to leave after the harvest, to cemeteries.

text: In many countries with a Roman Catholic heritage, All Saints Day and All Souls Day have evolved traditions in which people take the day off work, go to cemeteries with candles and flowers, and give presents to children, usually sweets and toys.[10][40] In Portugal and Spain ofrendas ("offerings") are made on this day. In Spain, the play Don Juan Tenorio is traditionally performed.[10] In Belgium, France, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Portugal, and Spain, people bring flowers (typically chrysanthemums in France and northern Europe) to the graves of dead relatives and say prayers over the dead.

text: In Eastern Europe holiday is called Dziady and also has pagan origins. In Belarus the ancient tradition involved cooking ritual dishes for supper. Part of each dish was put into a separate plate and left overnight for the dead ancestors. Public meetings are often organized on this day to commemorate the victims of Soviet political repressions.

text: As part of a promotion by the Mexican embassy in Prague, Czech Republic, since the late 20th century, some local citizens join in a Mexican-style Day of the Dead. A theatre group produces events featuring masks, candles, and sugar skulls.[41]

text: Oceania

text: Mexican-style Day of the Dead celebrations occur in major cities in Australia, Fiji, and Indonesia. Additionally, prominent celebrations are held in Wellington, New Zealand, complete with altars celebrating the deceased with flowers and gifts.[42]

text: Similar traditions

text: Many other cultures around the world have similar traditions of a day set aside to visit the graves of deceased family members. Often included in these traditions are celebrations, food, and beverages, in addition to prayers and remembrances of the departed.

text: In some African cultures, visits to ancestors' graves, the leaving of food and gifts, and the asking of protection from them serve as important parts of traditional rituals. One such ritual is held just before the start of the hunting season.[43]

text: The Qingming Festival (simplified Chinese: 清明节; traditional Chinese: 清明節; pinyin: qīng míng jié) is a traditional Chinese festival usually occurring around April 5 of the Gregorian calendar. Along with Double Ninth Festival on the 9th day of the 9th month in the Chinese calendar, it is a time to tend to the graves of departed ones. In addition, in the Chinese tradition, the seventh month in the Chinese calendar is called the Ghost Month (鬼月), in which ghosts and spirits come out from the underworld to visit earth.

text: The Bon Festival (O-bon (お盆), or only Bon (盆)), is a Japanese Buddhist holiday held in August to honor the spirits of departed ancestors. It is derived in part from the Chinese observance of the Ghost Month, and was affixed to the solar calendar along with other traditional Japanese holidays.

text: In Korea, Chuseok (추석, 秋夕; also called Hangawi) is a major traditional holiday. People go where the spirits of their ancestors are enshrined, and perform ancestral worship rituals early in the morning. They visit the tombs of immediate ancestors to trim plants, clean the area around the tomb, and offer food, drink, and crops to their ancestors.

text: During the Nepalese holiday of Gai Jatra ("Cow Pilgrimage"), every family who has lost a member during the previous year creates a tai out of bamboo branches, cloth, and paper decorations, in which are placed portraits of the deceased. As a cow traditionally leads the spirits of the dead into the afterlife, an actual or symbolic cow is used depending on local custom. The festival is also a time to dress up in a costume reminiscent of the western Halloween, with popular subjects including political commentary and satire.[44]

text: In popular culture

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Disneyland Resorts' annual "Halloween Time" celebrates the art and traditions of Dias de los Muertos located at Frontierland.[45][46][47]

text: The 1998 Grim Fandango video game features Mexican Day of the Dead iconography with Aztec and Egyptian influences.[48]

text: The 2014 The Book of Life film follows a bullfighter who, on the Day of the Dead, embarks on an afterlife adventure.[49]

text: In the 2015 James Bond film, Spectre, the opening sequence featured a Day of the Dead parade in Mexico City. At the time, no such parade took place in Mexico City; one year later, due to the interest in the film and the government desire to promote the pre-Hispanic Mexican culture, the federal and local authorities decided to organize an actual "Día de Muertos" parade through Paseo de la Reforma and Centro Historico on October 29, 2016, which was attended by 250,000 people.[50][51][52]

text: The 2016 Elena of Avalor season one episode "A Night to Remember" focused on Dias de los Muertos.[53]

text: The 2017 Pixar film Coco features the Dias de los Muertos holiday as a major element in its plot.[54]


document_title: Castle Rock (TV series)

question_text: when does episode 4 of castle rock come out

root

text: Castle Rock (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Castle Rock combines "the mythological scale and intimate character storytelling of King’s best-loved works, weaving an epic saga of darkness and light, played out on a few square miles of Maine woodland."[1]

tag: p

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
André Holland as Henry Matthew Deaver, a criminal law attorney in Texas specializing in capital punishment cases. He left Castle Rock after the townspeople suspected his involvement in his adoptive father's death, but returns upon receiving a strange request. Caleel Harris portrays a young Henry in a recurring role.
Melanie Lynskey as Molly Strand, the owner of M. Strand & Associates Real Estate company in Castle Rock. She possesses the ability to read minds and feel the same emotions others are experiencing. Cassady McClincy portrays a young Molly in a recurring role.
Bill Skarsgård as "The Kid", an enigmatic inmate at Shawshank State Penitentiary secretly held prisoner by Warden Dale Lacy for 27 years. He specifically asks for Henry after being released from a septic tank located beneath an abandoned cell block in the prison. The Kid eventually claims that he is Matthew and Ruth's biological son from an alternate universe, who had been transported from his universe to help an alternate version of Henry back to his reality. Henry, unable to accept or believe in alternate realities, locks The Kid in an abandoned Shawshank once more.
Jane Levy as Diane "Jackie" Torrance, an aspiring writer, employee of M. Strand & Associates Real Estate company, and the niece of Jack Torrance. She possesses a vast knowledge of Castle Rock's history and took her uncle's name in order to spite her parents.
Sissy Spacek as Ruth Deaver, Henry's estranged adoptive mother and a lifelong Castle Rock resident whose struggle with dementia leads her to reveal secrets about the town's dark past. Ruth later dies sometime before the first season epilogue, and is buried alongside Alan. Schuyler Fisk portrays a younger Ruth in a recurring role.

tag: ul

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Scott Glenn as Alan Pangborn, the retired former sheriff of Castle Rock who moves in with Ruth Deaver unbeknownst to her son Henry. Pangborn is accidentally shot by Ruth when she mistakes him for her dead husband. Jeffrey Pierce portrays a younger Alan in a recurring role.
Noel Fisher as Dennis Zalewski, a prison guard at Shawshank who discovers "The Kid" and anonymously calls Henry after hearing "The Kid" say his name. Zalewski begins to go insane and, after discovering that Henry is dropping the Kid's case, guns down numerous guards and officers before he is killed by another guard.
Adam Rothenberg as Reverend Matthew Deaver, Henry's late adoptive father and Castle Rock's former pastor whose death prompted the townspeople to label Henry as the prime suspect. It is revealed that Henry did in fact attempt to  kill Matthew after discovering that he intended to kill Ruth for having an affair with Alan.
Chris Coy as Boyd, a prison guard at Shawshank that works alongside Dennis.
Ann Cusack as Theresa Porter, the new warden of Shawshank and Dale Lacy's successor. Porter covers up The Kid's existence, fearing that she will be the scapegoat. Porter is run over by a prison bus carrying Shawshank's former prisoners, after agreeing with Lacy that The Kid is the Devil.
Aaron Staton as Castle Rock's pastor and Matthew Deaver's successor at the local Church of the Incarnation.
Josh Cooke as Reeves, the deputy warden of Shawshank.
Terry O'Quinn as Dale Lacy, the former warden of Shawshank who commits suicide by decapitation shortly before "The Kid" is discovered.
Zabryna Guevara as Maret
Rory Culkin as Willie, the interpreter and protégé of Odin Branch.
Charles Jones as Odin Branch, an old friend of Reverend Matthew Deaver with advanced degrees in bioacoustics and psychoacoustics.
Chosen Jacobs as Wendell Deaver, Henry's son.
Frances Conroy as Martha Lacy, the now-widowed wife of Dale Lacy whom Henry visits in attempt to gain more information about Shawshank.
Charlie Tahan as Dean Merrill, a teenage drug dealer who supplies Molly with medication.
Mark Harelik as Gordon, a history professor from Des Moines, Iowa who moves to Castle County after attacking a man for sleeping with his wife. Following the move, the couple convert the Lacy home into a bed and breakfast.
Lauren Bowles as Lilith, Gordon's wife and one of the new owners of the Lacy home.
Mathilde Deyahe as Amity
Allison Tolman as Bridget Strand, Molly's sister
Frank L. Ridley as Chesterton, a lieutenant prison guard at Shawshank.

text: Guest[edit]

text:
Phyllis Somerville as Leanne Chambers ("Severance"), one of Henry's clients in Texas who is sentenced to death for murdering her husband Richard.
Brionne Davis as Garrett Coyne ("Habeas Corpus")
Audrey Moore as Mrs. Strand, Molly's mother. ("Habeas Corpus")
Burke Moses as the host of Local Color, a public access television show on WEBV, Castle County's community television station. ("Local Color")
David Selby as Josef Desjardins ("The Box"), a barber and the brother of Vince Desjardins, a convicted felon who was suspected in Henry Deaver's disappearance.
Richard Schiff as Porter's superior at Shawshank. ("Harvest")
James LeGros as Castle Rock's current sheriff. ("Harvest")
Peta Sergeant as Angela ("Harvest")
Amanda Brooks as Psychologist ("Harvest")
Jayne Atkinson as Daria Reese ("Past Perfect"), a senior state police officer in Castle Rock area, knows Henry from when he and her daughter were in high school together.
Rodrigo Lopresti as the male from couple that are Gordon and Lilith's first bed and breakfast guests. ("Past Perfect")

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.TitleDirected byWritten byOriginal release date1"Severance"Michael UppendahlSam Shaw & Dustin ThomasonJuly 25, 2018 (2018-07-25)
In 1991 Castle Rock, Maine, Sheriff Alan Pangborn finds missing child Henry Deaver standing in the middle of the town's frozen lake. In 2018, on his last day as warden of Shawshank State Penitentiary, Dale Lacy commits suicide. His successor, Theresa Porter, plans to reopen a long-abandoned cell block so that she can maintain the inmate population. While counting the beds, guard Dennis Zalewski finds a Kid locked in an underground cage. The Kid, upon being released, whispers Henry's name. Porter refuses to involve Henry, who is now a death-row lawyer, but Zalewski anonymously calls him. After returning to Castle Rock and reconnecting with Pangborn and his dementia-suffering mother Ruth, Henry attempts to learn more about The Kid only for Porter to stonewall him. Zalewski, meanwhile, discovers that The Kid has escaped and slaughtered several guards. In a flashback, it is revealed that Henry's father went missing around the same time he did and was found dead. In a second flashback, Lacy tells The Kid to ask for Henry when the time comes.
2"Habeas Corpus"Michael UppendahlSam Shaw & Dustin ThomasonJuly 25, 2018 (2018-07-25)
Henry tries to learn more about the events at Shawshank from Lacy's widow only to be kicked out when she accuses him of killing his father. Zalewski discovers that the mass slaughter was all in his head and confronts The Kid. Pangborn meets with Porter, telling her he found a letter written by Lacy. In the letter, he states his belief that the Devil had taken on the form of a boy and that he locked him away because God told him to. Porter immediately places The Kid in a new cell only for his cellmate to die of cancer.
3"Local Color"Dan AttiasGina WelchJuly 25, 2018 (2018-07-25)
This paragraph's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The episode begins with a flashback of young Molly sneaking into the Deaver house. Henry is still missing and his father is on life support. Molly pulls Matthew Deaver's ventilator and watches him die. Adult Molly has a dream of the pastor and wakes up shaken. Henry goes to see Molly, who struggles to keep a conversation due to her empathetic powers. Henry asks her to help him put his mother's house on the market but she declines. In a flashback, Henry is burning a VCR tape and cursing his dad when Molly catches him. Molly tells him she knows what he does in his room, she can hear what he's thinking and feeling. Zalewski meets with Henry and tells him he's sure Lacy was involved with The Kid. Henry asks Zalewski to befriend The Kid. Molly has a flashback to the night Henry disappeared, and sees Henry in the woods with his father, who asks "do you hear it?", before Henry runs away. Molly's dealer is out so she goes to a house looking for "Derek" and finds children having a hearing describing brutal deaths. Derek pulls her to the "death house", and she is negotiating a price when the cops show up. Henry bails her out. She tells him that being around him throws her off balance. When he finds out about her meeting for a TV show, he rushes her to the taping. She struggles to get through the interview, and suddenly announces live about The Kid being kept in the prison without cause. Henry is called to Shawshank and Porter acknowledges The Kid, offering Henry a settlement deal. Henry speaks with the Kid, who asks Henry, "Do you hear it now?”. Molly returns home to a ransacked house and sees a man with a gauze covered head, resembling Pastor Deaver.
4"The Box"Michael UppendahlScott BrownAugust 1, 2018 (2018-08-01)
Henry experiences flashbacks from when he went missing and goes to the home of a suspect in his case. He finds the suspect who gives him the police file associated with his disappearance. Meanwhile, Henry's father's casket arrives at the church. Henry decides to take the prison's offer for the Kid, claiming he wants to go back to his family. Zalewski has an encounter with the Kid. When Henry tells him that he will take the settlement, Zalewski takes a gun and shoots many guards and officers within the prison before being gunned down himself, in front of Henry.
5"Harvest"Andrew BernsteinLila ByockAugust 8, 2018 (2018-08-08)
Henry's father's casket arrives at the church before its moved to the new plot, and the Father tells Henry that something odd is happening; the casket is dripping what is supposed to be Henry's father's cooked body (because the casket serves as an oven for the body in rare cases), but this shouldn't be happening because his father died a long time ago. Wildfires are raging near Castle Rock. Shawshank releases the Kid and Henry sets him up in the room above Molly's office. The Kid wanders into a family’s dinner/birthday celebration and seemingly causes a violent end. Jackie finds the Kid and hangs out with him. Alan is honored at a bridge-naming ceremony, during which Ruth is spooked by a dog and jumps off the bridge and into the water. Alan and Henry speak with her at the hospital. Alan discovers the Kid in the forest. Alan states that the Kid hasn’t aged a day since 1991 and the Kid offers to help Ruth.
6"Filter"Kevin HooksVinnie Wilhelm & Marc BernardinAugust 15, 2018 (2018-08-15)
The episode opens with the second funeral and burial of Matthew Deaver, Henry's adoptive father. Henry begins to hear a ringing in his ear which he also experienced as a child. The Kid tells Alan to find Warden Lacy's old car in order to save Ruth's memory. Henry brings the Kid to Juniper Hills Psychiatric Hospital. Henry's son Wendell comes to visit. Ruth describes to Wendell how she uses chess pieces to help her memory. Henry goes to Molly to discuss the flashbacks he has of his father bringing him into the woods and Molly admits to murdering his father. Henry goes into the same woods that his father brought him into as a child. He discovers two campers, Odin, a deaf man, and Willie, his interpreter. Odin claims that the ringing Henry hears is a schisma, which Henry's father believed was the Voice of God. He tricks Henry into an anechoic chamber in their camper where he begins to hallucinate his father. The Kid has escaped Juniper Hills by setting a fire and Alan finds him on the front porch of the Deaver home with a bloody hand. Alan rushes into the house to try and find Ruth.
7"The Queen"Greg YaitanesSam ShawAugust 22, 2018 (2018-08-22)
The timeline shifts between the past and present, at once recounting Ruth's life with Henry as a boy, scenes from previous episodes now through Ruth's point of view, and the Kid's mysterious intrusion into Ruth's house in the present. Ruth recalls Matthew Deaver's first time hearing "the voice of God" and her relationship with Alan Pangborn. Expanding upon a scene from a previous episode, Wendell interprets Ruth's dementia with a VR game, calling Ruth a "timewalker," who must defeat her nemesis, Matthew Deaver in the form of the Kid. Back in the present, Ruth sends Wendell away to protect him. The Kid makes dinner for Ruth, and tells her to eat a sedative. In response, Ruth distracts the Kid by asking him to draw her a bath, does not take the pill, and runs upstairs to find a revolver. While at first she does not remember where the bullets are, her memories lead her to unpack the bullets in her suitcase. Returning to the events at the beginning of the episode, Ruth hides in the shed with the loaded revolver, ready to shoot the Kid when he walks through. Instead, she shoots and kills Alan Pangborn by accident as he walks through.
8"Past Perfect"Ana Lily AmirpourMark LaffertyAugust 29, 2018 (2018-08-29)
Gordon and Lilith, who bought Lacy's house, turn it into a murder-story bed and breakfast. Gordon, who has trouble forgiving Lilith over her affair, murders their first booking – who are cheating on their spouses. That same night, Molly’s “connection” to Henry draws her to the woods, where she frees him from the locked chamber in Odin’s camper, though neither of them see Odin’s murdered corpse nearby. While The Kid tells Henry about Ruth killing Alan, and that he has waited for Henry for 27 years, Henry's son Wendell calls in the state police. The Kid runs off and is suspected in Alan's murder. Henry breaks into Lacy's (now Gordon’s) house and finds Lacy’s 27-years of drawings of an unchanging The Kid. Gordon and Lilith find him and try to kill him, fearful he’ll reveal the murder of their lodgers. In the melee, Lilith accidentally stabs herself in the jugular, while Jackie Torrance arrives and saves Henry by burying an axe in Gordon’s skull. The Kid visits Molly and finally starts talking, beginning with how he has seen her die in the woods.
9"Henry Deaver"Julie Anne RobinsonVinnie Wilhelm & Scott BrownSeptember 5, 2018 (2018-09-05)
This paragraph's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (September 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
The Kid reveals to Molly that he is Henry Deaver, the biological son of Ruth and Pastor Matthew from an alternate reality. In a flashback in the Kid's universe, Ruth followed through on leaving her troubled husband in 1991, taking her child and fleeing to Boston. After they left, the Pastor was not murdered by 12-year-old Molly, but did find 12-year-old black Henry who went missing in 1991 in his reality. In 2018, this Pastor Deaver commits suicide, and grown white Henry finds the adopted Henry in a cage in the basement. White adult Henry and his Molly talk to adopted Henry, who insists the voices are calling him to the woods. When Molly touches his hand, she sees the first 12 years of the Molly and Henry of his reality.  Molly and white Henry take adopted Henry to the woods near Castle Lake, where they see people from centuries of multiple realities. Molly is accidentally killed, adopted Henry returns to his reality, and white Henry follows him, becoming the Kid.
10"Romans"Nicole KassellDustin Thomason & Mark LaffertySeptember 12, 2018 (2018-09-12)
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Molly explains to Henry what she has learned from The Kid regarding their intersecting lives and realities. Henry and The Kid are arrested as suspects in the flurry of deaths. In jail, The Kid tells Henry that bad follows him because he is an anomaly to this reality, and that they must go together to Castle Lake before the sounds, signifying the realities are touching, disappear. More strange deaths occur, leading to some Shawshank inmates slaughtering civilians and officers at the Castle Rock jail. Henry and The Kid escape in the confusion, with The Kid forcing Henry, at gunpoint, to Castle Lake. Henry starts to remember his experience with his father in 1991, including the fact that he pushed Preacher Deaver off a cliff for planning to kill his mother, Ruth. Henry overpowers The Kid.

One year later, it is Christmas 2019. Henry is working as a lawyer in Castle Rock, living in his childhood home, enjoying a visit from Wendell. Ruth died in February, and is buried with Alan. Molly is a successful real estate agent in the Florida Keys. Henry has imprisoned The Kid in the now abandoned Shawshank, either unwilling to believe or perhaps to accept the multiple-realities. Mid-credits, Jackie Torrance tells a friend that she is soon heading west to research her family’s axe-killing history at the Overlook.

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: On February 17, 2017, it was announced that Hulu, J. J. Abrams, and Stephen King were collaborating on a new series entitled Castle Rock based on King's large canon of work. It was further reported that the series would be written by Sam Shaw and Dustin Thomason and produced by Abrams' Bad Robot Productions and distributed by Warner Bros. Television.[2] Four days later, Hulu further revealed that they had given the production a series order consisting of a first season of ten episodes, and executive producers would include Abrams, King, Shaw, Thomason, Ben Stephenson, and Liz Glotzer.[3][1] On July 12, 2017, it was announced that Michael Uppendahl was joining the production as a co-executive producer and would direct the pilot episode.[4]

text: On August 14, 2018, it was announced that Hulu had renewed the series for a second season.[5]

text: Casting[edit]

text: On May 11, 2017, it was announced that André Holland had been cast in the series' lead role.[6] In June 2017, it was announced that Jane Levy, Sissy Spacek, and Melanie Lynskey had joined the main cast.[7][8] On July 10, 2017, Bill Skarsgård was added to the series' main cast.[9] In August 2017, it was reported that Scott Glenn and Terry O'Quinn had been added as series regulars.[10][11] On March 1, 2018, it was announced that Chosen Jacobs had joined the series in the recurring role of Wendell Deaver, the son of Holland's character.[12] On June 8, 2018, it was announced during the annual ATX Television Festival that Allison Tolman had joined the cast in the recurring role of Lynsky's character's sister.[13] Five days later, it was reported that Noel Fisher had also been cast in a recurring role.[14]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography for the first season was expected to take place in Massachusetts in locations such as Orange, Massachusetts and at New England Studios in Devens, Massachusetts.[15][16] In August, production began in Devens and in Orange, where the downtown area of the town had been refitted to appear as the town of Castle Rock, and where production was expected to continue through January 2018.[17][18] That month, crews also shot scenes at Vernon Hill School in Worcester, Massachusetts and at an old Victorian house in Lancaster, Massachusetts.[19] Filming returned to Orange during the week of August 21 for production of the series' second episode.[20] In late September 2017, filming took place in Tewksbury, Massachusetts at The Public Health Museum on the campus of the Tewksbury State Hospital.[21] In October 2017, filming took place at the Central Cemetery in Orange where a funeral scene was shot.[22] The downtown area was refitted with a more modern look in November for another phase of production.[23] From September 4, 2017 until the end of the month, production took place at the former West Virginia Penitentiary in Moundsville, West Virginia which appeared as the fictional Shawshank State Prison.[24] On November 21, 2017, filming took place in Worcester in the lobby of the Mercantile Building which had been refitted into a boardroom.[19] On December 18, 2017, production for the season finale began.[25] and by January all filming in Orange was completed and the production proceeded to donate $3,500 dollars to the town. The Fire Department has received $2,500 for helping facilitate production, and the Trustees of Soldiers' Memorial will receive another $1,000.[26][27]

text: Visual effects were used to alter seasons, including adding snow to scenes in which there was no snow on location, as well as to create a forest fire in episode five.[28]

text: Music[edit]

text: The song "Twenty Four Hours from Tulsa" is used three times during the series  – including the first song heard in the series premiere (Gene Pitney's 1963 version) and the last song heard over the closing credits of the season one finale (Dusty Springfield's 1964 version) – capturing the underlying situation of The Kid in the lyrics: “Dearest darling, I had to write to say that I won’t be home anymore / ’Cause something happened to me while I was driving home / And I’m not the same anymore”.[29]

text: Release[edit]

text: Marketing[edit]

text: Simultaneously with the series announcement, Hulu released the first teaser trailer for the series. The teaser trailer mentions titles of and characters from a number of Stephen King novels, short stories, and collections including: It, Dolores Claiborne, Needful Things, 'Salem's Lot, Dreamcatcher, Night Shift, The Green Mile, Misery, Hearts in Atlantis, The Shining, "The Mangler", Four past Midnight, Different Seasons, Nightmares & Dreamscapes, The Dark Half, and "The Night Flier".[2]

text: On October 8, 2017, a second teaser trailer was unveiled at the annual New York Comic Con and subsequently released online.[30] On February 1, 2018, released a thirty-second television commercial for the series online that eventually aired three days later during Super Bowl LII. Hulu reportedly paid $5 million to air the advertisement during the football game.[31] On May 2, 2018, a third teaser trailer was released alongside the announcement of the show's premiere date of July 25, 2018.[32] On July 10, 2018, the first full trailer for the series was released.[33]

text: Premiere[edit]

text: On June 8, 2018, the series took part in the annual ATX Television Festival in Austin, Texas where a "first look" at footage from the series took place. Following the premiere of the footage, a question-and-answer panel occurred with creators and executive producers Sam Shaw and Dustin Thomason.[13][34][35] On June 19, 2018, it was announced that the series would hold its world premiere during the show's panel at San Diego Comic Con in San Diego, California where cast members including Sissy Spacek, Bill Skarsgard, and Melanie Lynskey were set to be in attendance.[36]

text: On September 7, 2018, the series took part in the 12th Annual PaleyFest Fall Television Previews which featured a screening of the first season finale and a discussion with creator and executive producer Sam Shaw.[37]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: The series has been met with a generally positive response from critics. On the review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the series holds an 86% approval rating with an average rating of 7.54 out of 10 based on 69 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "A meticulously crafted mystery brimming with allusions, Castle Rock is bound to please even the pickiest of Stephen King fans — though mileage may vary for casual viewers."[38] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the series a score of 66 out of 100 based on 35 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[39]

text: Early reviews for the series were generally positive. Collider's Dave Trumbore praised the series saying, "Shaw, Thomason, Abrams & Co. really nail the core concepts of King’s storytelling here. Each character gets a good amount of screen time to focus on introspection...Castle Rock  is a can’t-miss series for Stephen King fans and a must-watch horror show for fans of dark, thrilling, character-focused mysteries."[40] In a similarly favorable critique, Entertainment Weekly's Kristen Baldwin gave the series a grade of "A-" and commended it saying, "Though most characters are new (Scott Glenn’s Alan Pangborn, a sheriff who appeared in Needful Things and The Dark Half, is one exception), for King fans the world of Castle Rock will be inescapably familiar. Spending time here feels, in many ways, like coming home — with all of the excitement and dread such a visit entails."[41] In another approving criticism, Ben Travers of Indiewire gave the series a grade of "B+" and complimented it saying, "For a show that could’ve been dominated by its origins, Castle Rock sure has a good time breathing new life into them. Smart, fun scares; deeply felt, well-founded characters; layers of story to decipher, along with the references — what more could you want in a new piece of the Stephen King library?"[42] In a mixed review, Dan Fienberg of The Hollywood Reporter criticized the series saying, "The actors will offer the best incentive for the King-ambivalent to tune into Castle Rock, but I'm not sure even they will ultimately be enough to overcome the sluggish and vague story."[43] In a negative review, Daniel D'Addario of Variety was even more disapproving saying, "It’s eerie-by-the-numbers, repeatedly telling us quite how scared we ought to be, without yet building characters for whom we feel sympathetic fear."[44]

text: Among all first season episodes, "The Queen" received particular acclaim from critics with praise being directed towards the writing and Spacek's performance. On Rotten Tomatoes, the episode holds a 100% approval rating with an average rating of 9.75 out of 10 based on 13 reviews.[45] The Ringer's Miles Surrey referred to the episode as "not only the best episode of the series, but one of the best episodes of television in 2018."[46] Vulture's Brian Tallerico awarded the episode a rating of five out of five stars and was similarly enthusiastic saying, "Television doesn't get much more heartbreaking than "The Queen," a showcase for the legendary Sissy Spacek and one of the best hours of television this year."[47] Aiming commendation at the episode's instrumental score, Birth.Movies.Death.'s Jacob Knight wrote, "The music in Castle Rock - courtesy of composer Chris Westlake - has been nothing short of exemplary throughout the entire series, but in "The Queen" it practically becomes a character unto itself."[48]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: In 2018, Castle Rock was nominated for The Drama Show Of 2018 at the 44th People's Choice Awards.[49][50]


document_title: List of state highways in Haryana

question_text: what is the total length of state highway in haryana

text: List of state highways in Haryana

text: Introduction[edit]

text: Haryana state has a good road network. There are 29 national highways with total length of 1,461 km and many state highways with total length of 2,494 km.

text: List of state highways in Haryana[edit]

text:
State highway №
Route
Passes through — district(s)
Length (in km)

1
Jagadhri-Bilaspur-Sadhaura Naraingarh Raipur Rani Road

64.1

2
Surewala Chowk to Fatehabad

47.91

4
Kala Amb Sadhaura Shahbad Thol

75.5

5
Saha to Ambala
entirely in Ambala district
15.14

6
Sharanpur Radaur Pipli Pehowa Chika

103.64

6-A
Jagadhri-Paonta

4.9

7
Karnal Ladwa Shahbad

59.25

8
Kunjpura Karnal Kaithal Khanauri

96.05

9
Kaithal to Pehowa Patiala

60.25

10
Gohana Jind Barwala Agroha Adampur Bhadra

135.82

11
Meerut Sonepat Gohana Safidon Assandh Kaithal Patiala

183.71

11-A
Deoban Naguran

30

12
Karnal Assandh Jind Hansi Tosham Sodiwas

192.32

13
Gurgaon-Sohna-Nuh-Nagina(Badkali Chowk)-Ferozepur Jhirka-Alwar
Gurgaon, Mewat
137.4

14
Panipat Safidon Jind Bhiwani Loharu

177.21

15
Shahjahanpur-Rewari road.

21

15-A
Jhajjar Farraqnagar Gurgaon

43.03

16
Sanauli Panipat and Rohtak Bhiwani

62.28

16-A
Gohana Lakhan Majra Meham Chang

68.91

17
Nizampur Narnaul Mohindergarh Dadri Bhiwani Hansi Barwala Tohana Munak.

199.74

18
Rohtak Kharkhoda Delhi Border

41.1

19
Siwani Singhani road

49.5

20
Murthal Sonepat Kharkhoda Sampla Jhajjar Jahajgarh Chhuchakwas Dadri Loharu

156.59

21
Budhlada Ratia Fatehabad Bhattu Bhadra

65.51

22
Bahadurgarh Jhajjar Kosli

77.11

23
Sardulgarh-Sirsa Ellenabad

68.48

24
Rewari Dahina Kanina Mohindergarh Satnali Loharu

92.45

26
Gurgaon Pataudi Rewari Narnaul Singhana

119.88

31
Saha to Shahbad

17

32
Sirsa-Rania-Dabwali road

70.43


document_title: The Death Cure

question_text: who dies in the maze runner the death cure

text: The Death Cure

text: Plot[edit]

text: The protagonist, Thomas, is held in solitary confinement, but is eventually released by Assistant Director Janson, also known as Rat Man by the Gladers, who tells the Gladers and Group B that there is a cure for the Flare (a deadly disease). Many of those present were immune to the Flare while some were not, and escaping would serve no purpose, for people in the outside world despise the Immunes. The Gladers are offered the chance to restore their memories and remove the controllers in their heads. Without the devices, Thomas, Teresa, and Aris will no longer be able to communicate telepathically.

text: Janson read out names of people who were not immune to the flare, which included Newt. Thomas is devastated. Thomas, Minho, and Newt were the only ones to choose not to undergo , because he feels they will be no help to finding the cure if they don't get their memories back. All three of them escape before having chips removed, with the help of Brenda and Jorge, who are revealed to be working for WICKED and were sent to the Scorch as an assignment. Thomas feels betrayed, but Brenda convinces him she had no choice and most of her behavior was not a deception, and Thomas forgives her. Soon afterward, the Gladers discover everyone who had undergone the restoration procedure had abandoned them; Newt gives Thomas a note and tells him to open it "when the time is right".

text: The five of them then go to Denver looking for a man called Hans who can take out Thomas, Minho, and Newt's mind controlling chips. Newt is unable to continue, because he would have been placed into confinement with other Cranks. In the airport, a black-suited man directs them to an address. Waiting for them is Gally, who has joined a group called the Right Arm, and is determined to put an end to the trials and experiments. He tells them WICKED is capturing every Immune they can find to prepare another cycle of the Trials. Gally also reveals the decaying cities are home to many who suffer from the Flare, but partake of a drug called Bliss, which slows down brain functioning and can help Cranks not feel pain from the Flare.

text: Thomas and his friends find Hans, and he removes Minho and Thomas' control chips, though Thomas is uncontrollably forced to resist; Brenda, Jorge, and Minho have to hold him down in order for Hans to perform the surgery on Thomas. They visit a café, where a man is found to be partaking of Bliss and captured by security, and Thomas is captured by the guard, who wants to give him to bounty hunters, who will end up giving him to WICKED. Janson, in a holographic form, uses a police vehicle to rescue Thomas and tells him he must return to WICKED to save Newt. Minho, Thomas, Brenda and Jorge return to the Berg and find a note: Newt has been taken to the Cranks. Minho convinces the four of them to go to the Crank Palace in a rescue attempt, and they meet Newt after bribing the guards. Newt angrily tells them to leave, and the Cranks chase them out. Thomas remembers the note Newt gave him and reads it to find Newt had implored Thomas to kill him. Thomas despairs about not having read the note earlier, but the four end up going back to Denver.

text: In Denver, they discover that Teresa and the other Immunes were all captured. Thomas and Minho knock out the guards and threaten to shoot their toes off if they don't take them to their leader. Thomas and Brenda discover the "leader" is actually the Right Arm's leader, Vince. Vince tells them they are copying WICKED's design and plan to take over their headquarters building. On his way to the Right Arm's Bergs, Thomas sees Newt with a group of cranks taking over Denver. With a pistol in his pocket, Thomas tries to convince Newt to come with him, but Newt begs for Thomas to shoot him, rather than having to succumb to the Flare and become inhuman; Thomas eventually ends up shooting his friend in the head, putting him out of his misery.

text: Working for the Right Arm, Thomas arrives at WICKED's headquarters and discovers Janson intends to complete the cure by examining Thomas's physical brain structure; an act that will result in his death. Thomas is able to plant a device that disables all of WICKED's weapons, but is forced to begin the deadly brain surgery as the Right Arm begins storming the facility.

text: Thomas wakes up to find himself not dead after all and finds a note from Chancellor Paige, leader of WICKED; it reveals they already have enough resources to build the blueprint for the cure from the Trials and his brain is not needed, but that some WICKED staff did not believe in the violence that WICKED was causing for a cure. It also reveals the location of the Immunes the Right Arm "sold" to WICKED to gain access, and a "safe place" where Thomas should take them all. Thomas and his friends re-enter the Maze to find WICKED's captured Immunes. They quickly learn the Right Arm does not intend to occupy WICKED headquarters; they intend to destroy it. Explosions rock the Maze, while chunks of debris come crashing down, killing some Immunes within. The Grievers come out of where they were stored, but Teresa shows Thomas how to manually shut them down.

text: Returning to the outside world, they are attacked by some WICKED survivors, including Janson. However, Thomas and the other immunes are able to take them down, and Thomas strangles Janson to death. Thomas is almost trapped by a piece of falling debris on the way to the Flat Trans that takes them to the promised "safe place". Teresa pushes him out of harms way, but dies in Thomas' place. The survivors including Thomas, Minho, Gally, Frypan, Clint, and others from Group A, Aris, Harriet, Sonya, and a few others of Group B, as well as Brenda and Jorge finally make it through the portal to a lush paradise.

text: The epilogue reveals the Flare was deliberately engineered and released by the government as a form of population control after the sun flares, believing it kills quickly and it stops spreading after a while, but escalated beyond control, and WICKED was unable to find a cure. The Chancellor realized the Immunes were their only hope from the beginning; as such, she enacts a plan with Brenda and Jorge to send the Immunes through a flat trans. While the rest of the world will crumble, the remaining Immunes will rebuild society and restore the human race. This, she claims, is the reason "WICKED is good."

text: Characters[edit]

text:
Thomas: The main protagonist of the series. He is a teenage boy who was a Runner of Group A before escaping the Maze with his fellow Gladers in The Maze Runner. He continued this with crossing the Scorch in The Scorch Trials, in which he was continuously manipulated by almost everyone, making it hard for him to trust other people again. Thomas escapes from having his memories restored in WICKED's headquarters and becomes entangled in the conflict between WICKED and a rebellious organization that opposes it, the Right Arm, and he falls for Brenda again.
Minho: A Glader of Group A, and the former Keeper of the Runners. He was Thomas' fellow Runner back in the Glade and throughout the series becomes Thomas' best friend throughout their Trials, joining him to escape WICKED's attempt to restore their memories and saving the Immunes from the Maze.
Newt: A British Glader who took upon the role of the leader of the Gladers of Group A after their previous leader, Alby, died in The Maze Runner. He is one of Thomas' steadfast companions, alongside Minho. The book reveals that Newt is not immune to the Flare virus and is slowly succumbing to its influence. Eventually he begged Thomas to kill him, and he shot him to end Newt's misery.
Teresa: The only female Glader of Group A. In The Scorch Trials she reveals she has always been working with WICKED, which causes Thomas to distrust her. She volunteers for her memories to be restored and moves with the other Gladers to Denver. She eventually goes against WICKED, and she died after being crushed by falling debris to save Thomas' life.
Brenda: A Canadian girl who was part of a group of Cranks in The Scorch Trials before becoming separated and having to navigate through the Scorch with Thomas. She helps Thomas, Minho, and Newt, escape from WICKED's headquarters and help them remove WICKED's controller chips from their brain. She and Thomas fall for each other again.
Jorge : The leader of a group of Cranks that the Gladers met in The Scorch Trials. He has a close relationship with Brenda. Brenda described their relationship as Jorge being to her "like an uncle." He was revealed to be working with WICKED, but helps Thomas, Minho, and Newt, escape from WICKED's headquarters and remove their mind-control chips. He has a habit of mixing his speech with Spanish words.
Aris: The only male Glader of Group B whom Thomas met in The Scorch Trials. He, Thomas, and Teresa were close associates before they were sent to the Maze. Like Teresa, he was revealed to be working with WICKED in the previous book.
Janson (Rat Man): The Assistant Director of WICKED and the book's main antagonist. He engineers for the Gladers to be restored with their memories, but wants to make them partake in the Trials all over again. He is revealed to be succumbing to the Flare virus, explaining why he is so desperate to find a cure. Eventually Thomas strangled him to his death after he and other surviving WICKED members tried to take back the immune survivors.
Gally: A Glader of Group A who strictly followed the rules of the Glade and thus became Thomas' adversary in The Maze Runner. He indirectly caused Chuck's death when the latter took the thrown knife that was meant for Thomas. In this book, he reunites with Thomas and reveals that he has been working with the Right Arm, an organization determined to put a stop against WICKED. However, after discovering the Right Arm's true purpose, he left with Thomas and the Gladers to rescue the immunes in the maze.
Vince: The leader of the Right Arm, an organization opposing WICKED. He leads the Right Arm to invade the WICKED headquarters and makes Thomas put a device inside that disables the WICKED's weaponry. He is strictly dedicated to his cause and brands Thomas and Gally traitors when they attempt to save hundreds of Immunes from the Maze, which is about to get destroyed by the Right Arm. He is actually Gally's boss.
Frypan: The cook for the Gladers of Group A.
Lawrence: Vince's assistant who captures Thomas, Minho, Brenda, and Jorge and delivers them to a safe house. After their demands to see "the boss," Lawrence took them to Vince. He later drops off Thomas near the WICKED headquarters for his plan to plant the explosive device.
Hans: A former WICKED scientist whom Thomas, Minho, Brenda, and Jorge, meet at Denver to help remove the mind-controlling chips from Thomas and Minho.
Harriet: A past leader of Group B and is close friends with Aris and Sonya.
Sonya: A past co-leader of Group B and is close friends with Aris and Harriet. It is revealed in the Fever Code that she's Newt's sister.
Clint: The only main of the Med-jacks who survived the maze and the scorch trials, and survived the third trial.
Ava Paige: The chancellor of WICKED and the one responsible for engineering teenagers to be sent to the Maze for study in their search for the cure of the Flare. She has never been seen in the series, but Thomas is saved from a fatal brain experiment by a note from chancellor Paige. She states that a cure for the Flare virus will never be found and that the Immunes are humanity's last hope to restore the dying world, but WICKED's actions of sending them for Trials are threatening that hope, and she disagreed with the fact that they were being killed. She promises Thomas a paradise for the Immunes, staging his attempt to rescue hundreds of Immunes from the Maze. In every epilogue of the three books, there's an e-mail which she write to her associates.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception for The Death Cure was mixed.[2][3] Commonsensemedia gave the book three out of five stars, commenting that the book's oppressiveness kept it from being more memorable than they wanted it to be.[4] The Deseret News also commented on the book's bleak nature, but praised it as being "both conclusive and satisfying".[5] The Horn Book Guide and Kirkus Reviews both gave positive reviews, with the Horn Book Guide opining that the book's conclusion was "thought-provoking".[6][7]

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: Maze Runner: The Death Cure will be released on January 26, 2018. Wes Ball confirmed that, if he returns to direct, the film will not be split into two films.[8] In March 2015, T.S. Nowlin was confirmed to write the script.[9] On July 9, 2015, it was revealed that filming is set to begin in February 2016.[10] On September 16, 2015, it was confirmed that Ball would return to direct the third film.[11] The film began principal photography on March 14, 2016 in Cache Creek, British Columbia. On March 19, 2016, Maze Runner star Dylan O'Brien was critically injured on-set when he was struck by a car during a stunt sequence.[12] On March 20, 2016, director Wes Ball announced production was shut down to allow O'Brien time to recuperate from his injuries. Dylan O'Brien, who plays the protagonist, Thomas, has recovered. On April 22, 2017, the studio delayed the release date once again in order to allow more time for post-production.[13]


document_title: Tito & Tarantula

question_text: name of the band in from dusk till dawn

question_tokens: name of the band in from dusk till dawn

text: Tito & Tarantula

text: History[edit]

text: Pre-Tarantula[edit]

text: Tito Larriva was born in Ciudad Juárez, Mexico but spent his early years living outside Fairbanks, Alaska; his family later relocated to El Paso, Texas, where he studied violin and flute as a member of his school orchestra. After high school he flirted with attending Yale University before landing in Los Angeles, California in the mid-1970s. He began his music career by playing in some of the first Latino punk bands such as The Impalas, The Flesh Eaters, and, most notably, The Plugz. Larriva released several albums with the Plugz before the group disbanded in 1984. Following disbandment, Larriva teamed up with former Plugz bandmates Charlie Quintana and Tony Marsico to form the Cruzados. With the Cruzados, Larriva's music began to move in a different direction, straying from his typical punk rock to a bluesier 1980s rock sound. The band was critically acclaimed and opened for big acts like INXS and Fleetwood Mac.[1] They released a self-titled album in 1985, followed by After Dark in 1987, but disbanded in 1988. The Cruzados also performed the song Don't Throw Stones at the beginning of the 1989 movie Roadhouse.

text: Early years: Desperado and From Dusk Till Dawn[edit]

text: From there, Larriva continued writing film music, and also turned to acting. Starting in 1992, he and guitarist Peter Atanasoff celebrated with various friends at live weekly jam sessions in the cafes and clubs of Los Angeles, at big, spontaneous parties. The band at that time were simply known as "Tito & Friends." As Tito explained in an interview, their old friend Charlie Midnight stated that the band needed a name, and suggested Tito & Tarantula. The band agreed and it stuck.

text: By 1995, officially called Tito & Tarantula, the band had a stable line-up of Larriva (lead vocals, rhythm guitar), Atanasoff (lead guitar), Jennifer Condos (bass), Lyn Bertles (violin, mandolin, recorder, harmonica), and Nick Vincent (drums, percussion). It was with this line-up that they recorded the songs "Back to the House That Love Built", "Strange Face of Love", and "White Train", which made their debut in Robert Rodriguez' film Desperado, which featured Larriva in a fairly minor but important role. The three songs appear on the film's soundtrack. The next year, the band appeared in Rodriguez' From Dusk till Dawn as house band of the "Titty Twister" (though this band only consisted of Larriva, Atanasoff, and future drummer Johnny "Vatos" Hernandez. They also recorded three songs for the film: "After Dark", "Angry Cockroaches", and "Opening Boxes" (the latter of which did not appear on the soundtrack album).

text: Tito had met Rodriguez when filming Desperado. During the mixing of the film, Tito was playing a previously written song, that happened to be about vampires, which caught the ear of Rodriguez. Rodriguez mentioned that his next film was about vampires, and asked if he could videotape the song acoustically. One week later, Tito was informed that he and the band had now been written into the upcoming film Dusk Before Dawn, primarily to have actress Salma Hayek dance to the previously heard song in a scene.

text: Tito himself had scored several films previously, including a couple of films in Germany, and Just a Little Harmless Sex - in which he, along with Tarantula, also acted in, as "Chuey & His Spatular". With his earlier band, The Plugz, he scored the cult hit film Repo Man.

text: Tarantism[edit]

text: "At some point, more and more people came to see us", says Larriva, "After we did Desperado and From Dusk till Dawn, it was clear that something big was happening with us." So in 1997, Tito & Tarantula made its long-awaited album debut, Tarantism. The album featured four of their six previously released songs ("After Dark", "Strange Face of Love", "Angry Cockroaches", and "Back to the House that Love Built"), and six new songs. It also featured guest-appearances by Larriva's former Plugz and Cruzados bandmates Charlie Quintana and Tony Marsico. It was very well received by both fans and critics alike. The band spent much of 1997 and 1998 touring behind the record. In late 1997, following the release of Tarantism, the band recruited percussionist Johnny "Vatos" Hernandez, best known for his work with Oingo Boingo.

text: Hungry Sally & Other Killer Lullabies[edit]

text: In late 1998, Vincent and Bertles, married in 1994, were expecting their second child, and chose to leave the band. Following their departure, Vatos took over on drums, and Petra Haden was recruited to replace Bertles Bobby Dean Higgins Backing vocals. This new line-up set to work on a new album, writing and recording new songs, but saw the departure of Haden before the album was released. The finished album, Hungry Sally & Other Killer Lullabies, was released in 1999. It was well-received, but was considered a disappointment in comparison to Tarantism. After the release of Hungry Sally, the band recruited Andrea Figueroa to replace Haden as violinist, mandolinist, flutist, and guitarist.

text: Little Bitch[edit]

text: Following the release of Hungry Sally, Condos left the band for "private reasons". The four remaining members began to work on another album, Little Bitch, but saw the departure of Figueroa from the band before the album's release in 2000. Little Bitch did not sell well, and featured a fair amount of musical experimentation that did not please fans. It did, however, feature co-songwriting credits from Larriva's former Cruzados bandmate Steven Hufsteter. During this time, the movie, From Dusk Till Dawn 3: The Hangman's Daughter was released, the third installment of the From Dusk Till Dawn trilogy, the first of which featured musical contributions and guest roles by the band. The third movie featured the band's song "Smiling Karen" in the closing credits.

text: Andalucia[edit]

text: After the release of the album, the band began to hire replacements for their departed bandmates. Firstly, they hired two musicians who had assisted them on Little Bitch: Marcus Praed (who had played bass and additional guitar on the album, but was hired as a pianist) and Steven Hufsteter (who joined as a second lead guitarist). Additionally, they hired bassist Io Perry as a replacement for Condos. This line-up spent 2001 and some of 2002 touring, then went back to the studio to record Andalucia, which was released in 2002. The album did not sell as well as either of the first two, but got better reception than Little Bitch. The band spent the next few years touring the album. They also filmed a music video for the song "California Girl". However, upon seeing how bad the footage of the video was, Perry threw up, Larriva threatened to quit, and Atanasoff was not seen around for days. So, to compensate, Larriva made his own video for the song using the eight dollars he had in his pocket.

text: Since the release of Andalucia, Tito & Tarantula have made numerous personnel changes, starting with the departure of drummer Johnny "Vatos" Hernandez. Achim Farber was hired in his place, but left the band later on as well. One of the most notable changes, however, was the loss of the band's valuable founding member Peter Atanasoff. Little is known about his departure, but on the band's Myspace blog, it says, "...So if ever you find yourself in Switzerland you want to make your way to the Moonwalker and say hello to Peter..." Io Perry quit the band to pursue a solo career, but stayed in business with Larriva by having him produce her first solo album. Along with Atanasoff, Perry, and Hernandez, the band lost multi-instrumentalist Marcus Praed, eventually leaving Larriva and Steven Hufsteter as the only remaining members who had played on the last album. Dominique Davalos (who had played bass on Little Bitch) took over on bass and Rafael Gayol took over on drums. With this new "fab four" incarnation, they toured Europe thoroughly. At some point in mid-2007, Davalos left the band, and was replaced by Caroline "Lucy LaLoca" Rippy. With her, the band has continued to tour its usual areas in western Europe.

text: In December 2007, the band's song "Angry Cockroaches (Cucarachas Enojadas)" has been featured in previews for the movie Fred Claus. Other films Tito & Tarantula have contributed music to include Somebody to Love, Dream with the Fishes, and Just a Little Harmless Sex.

text: Back into Darkness[edit]

text: In late 2006, the band promised an album out in early 2007 on their Myspace blog. In early 2008, the band finally announced the approaching arrival of their next album, titled Back into the Darkness. The album was released on April 18, 2008.

text: Style[edit]

text: Many critics and fans note Tito & Tarantula for their unusual musical style. Larriva's soft and clear but easily intensified voice appears throughout their career, as does Atanasoff's unique guitar-playing, which is said to "target a certain sound over skill". In addition to this, there are other uncommon elements in each of their albums. On Tarantism, Atanasoff sports a metal-resembling guitar sound on tracks like "Strange Face of Love", "Angry Cockroaches", and "Smiling Karen", which when blended with Nick Vincent's very blues-driven drumming and Lyn Bertles's provision of violin, mandolin and recorder, results in a sound like nothing else. It was also on this album that the majority of the songs started out mysterious sounding, but slowly built up, and by the end sounded extremely intense.

text: On Hungry Sally & Other Killer Lullabies, Tarantula continued to play songs that started out light and built up as they progressed, particularly "Hungry Sally" and "Bleeding Roses". This time, however, Atanasoff was trying out with a lighter lead guitar sound, and Johnny "Vatos" Hernandez was playing drums, resulting in a different and more prominent drum sound. Once again, though, instruments uncommon to the rock genre such as violin, mandolin, and recorder were featured, once more blending all these elements into something entirely new.

text: Little Bitch is considered to be Tarantula's most experimental album. It was different from the past two albums in many ways: it featured a large amount of synthesizers, numerous female backing vocalists, and several entirely-acoustic tracks. Larriva also experimented with his vocals on this album, as can be heard in the falsetto singing in "Forever Forgotten and Unforgiven" and the screaming in "Crack in the World". Also, surprisingly, the song "Super Vita Jane" featured a rap at the end, unlike anything they had ever done before. Songs like "Everybody Needs" were very reminiscent of the '80s, even though the album was released more than a decade later.

text: On Andalucia, the band revisited the sort of music they had played on Hungry Sally & Other Killer Lullabies. A few of the tracks featured keyboards, which weren't too common of an instrument in their music before, but had to be incorporated so that their keyboardist, Marcus Praed, would have a contribution to the songs. Like on Little Bitch, the album featured female backing vocals, but this time they were all contributed by Io Perry. Overall, the album was general rock, but also featured several acoustic power ballads, such as "You're the One I Love", "California Girl", "Bullets from a Gun", "Make Me", and "Mexican Sky".

text: Discography[edit]

text:
Tarantism (1997)
Hungry Sally & Other Killer Lullabies (1999)
Little Bitch (2000)
Andalucia (2002)
Back into the Darkness (2008)
Lost Tarantism (2015)

text: Music videos[edit]

text:
"Back to the House that Love Built" – Tarantism (1995)
"After Dark" – Tarantism (1996)
"Slow Dream" – Hungry Sally & Other Killer Lullabies (1999)
"Forever Forgotten & Unforgiven" – Little Bitch (2000)
"California Girl" – Andalucia (2002)
"Texas Roadhouse Live presents Tito and Tarantula live at the Continental Club" (2009)

text: Band members[edit]

text:
Tito Larriva – lead vocals, rhythm guitar (1992–present)
Jeff Herring – lead guitar, backing vocals (2011–present)
Lolita Carroll – bass, backing vocals (2013–present)
Victor Ziolkowski – drums (2011–present)

text:
Peter Atanasoff – lead guitar, backing vocals (1992–2006)
Jennifer Condos – bass, backing vocals (1993–1999)
Lyn Bertles – violin, mandolin, recorder, harmonica, guitar, backing vocals (1993–1998)
Andrea Figueroa – violin, mandolin, flute, guitar, backing vocals (1999–2000)
Marcus Praed – piano, backing vocals, bass, guitar (2000–200?)
Johnny "Vatos" Hernandez – percussion, drums, backing vocals (1997–2001)
Nick Vincent – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1992–1998)
Adrian Esparza – guitar, vocals (1992)
Richard Edson – percussion (1992–1994)
Tony Marsico – bass (1992)
Debra Dobkin – percussion (1995–1997)
Petra Haden – violin, mandolin, recorder, harmonica – guitar (1998)
Bobby Dean Higgins – Backing vocals (1998–1999)
Io Perry – bass, backing vocals (200?–200?)
Abbie Travis – bass (200?–200?)
Achim Farber – drums (200?–200?)
Dominique Davalos – bass, backing vocals (200?–2007)
Rafael Gayol – drums (200?–200?)
Steven Hufsteter – lead guitar, backing vocals (2002–2011)
Alfredo Ortiz – drums (2005, 2008–2011)
Caroline "Lucy LaLoca" Rippy – bass, backing vocals (2007–2013)
Sammi Bishop – drums (2012 - 201?)


document_title: Inside Out & Back Again

question_text: where was inside out and back again published

text: Inside Out & Back Again

text:
Inside Out & Back Again

Author
Thanhha Lai

Cover artist
Zdenko Bašić, Manuel Šumberac, Ray Shappell

Country
United States

Language
English

Genre
Historical Fiction

Publisher
HarperCollins

Media type
Print (hardcover)

Pages
263

ISBN
978-0-06-196278-3

OCLC
606403465

text: Inside Out & Back Again is a verse novel by Thanhha Lai.[1] The book was awarded the 2011 National Book Award for Young People's Literature[2] and one of the two Newbery Honors.[3] The novel was based on her first year in the United States, as a ten-year-old girl who spoke no English in 1975.

text: Plot summary[edit]

text: Inside Out and Back Again is a story about a young girl named Hà and her family being forced to move to the United States because the Vietnam War had reached their home, and it was no longer safe. They board a navy ship and flee. Upon spending a couple months at a refugee camp, they end up moving to Alabama. There she struggles with learning English and confronting bullies, including one that she nicknamed Pink Boy, at her new school. Hà at one point said, "No one would believe me but at times I would choose wartime in Saigon over peacetime in Alabama."[4] Eventually, she has pushed through those hard times with the help of their next door neighbor, Mrs. Washington and the support of her family. In the beginning of the book, it mentions that Hà's father, a soldier in the Vietnam war, was captured by the North Vietnamese Army when she was only a year old. In the end, Hà's family figures out that unfortunately, her father had died while in North Vietnamese hands. Hà then gets used to living in the U.S and her family celebrates the new year. She prays for good things to happen to her and her family. The main resolution of the book is family importance.