document_title: List of The Incredibles characters

question_text: who plays the voice of violet from the incredibles

question_tokens: who plays the voice of violet from the incredibles

text: List of The Incredibles characters

text: The Parr Family

text: Bob Parr (Mr. Incredible)

text: Robert "Bob" Parr (a.k.a. Mr. Incredible) (voiced by Craig T. Nelson), possesses tremendous strength and durability. He also has enhanced senses. He is married to Helen Parr, the superheroine known as Elastigirl, and they have three children together: Violet, Dash, and Jack-Jack.

text: Sometime after his marriage, Mr. Incredible was sued by Oliver Sansweet for thwarting his suicide and the passengers of the train he stopped from running off the tracks which was part of the events that led to the government silently initiating the Superhero Relocation Program. Bob found forced retirement difficult, and often had to cheat his way out of the house on Wednesdays so that he could continue his superheroics. He was shocked to discover that his "Number 1 fan", Buddy Pine, had reformed himself as the villain Syndrome after Mr. Incredible had squelched Pine's wish to be his ward in an attempt to protect him. It was not until Syndrome threatened the family's lives that Bob realized that his family was his "greatest adventure".

text: His red superhero suit, designed by Edna Mode, appears to have the same level of durability as Mr. Incredible himself. In his prime, Mr. Incredible drove a gadget-laden car, the Incredimobile, reminiscent of ones driven by James Bond or Batman. The silhouette of a newer version of the Incredimobile for the entire family is seen in the end credits, and makes a full appearance in the comic series.

text: His face was physically modeled after director Brad Bird.[1]

text: Mr. Incredible was ranked number 5 in IGN's list of the Top 10 Pixar Characters.[2] Readers of Empire magazine also voted Mr. Incredible number 8 in that magazine's list of The Top 20 Pixar Characters.[3]

text: Helen Parr (Elastigirl)

text: Helen Parr (a.k.a. Elastigirl or Mrs. Incredible)[4][5][6][7][8] (voiced by Holly Hunter) is Mr. Incredible's wife. Helen can stretch any part of her body up to 300 feet and can be 1 mm thin. She can also reshape her body in a variety of ways. In the movie she becomes a parachute and a rubber boat, and has used her arms for swings and a slingshot. In her early years she seemed to be a feminist and had no desire to "settle down". Since her marriage to Bob, Helen has become a dedicated spouse and mother, although she is frustrated with her husband's continuing dreams of glory. Helen is also an experienced jet pilot, from having a close friend who flew her around the world when she was a Super. Her sharp wit and superb espionage skills, as well as her experience as a superhero, make her an excellent tactician and leader. Her red superheroine suit, designed by Edna Mode, can stretch as far as she can and still retain its shape. It is virtually indestructible yet it breathes like Egyptian cotton. The filmmakers drew inspiration from actresses Mary Tyler Moore, Marilyn Monroe and Audrey Hepburn for Helen's role and appearance in the sequel.[9]

text: Gina Bennett, interviewed by Maureen Dowd as part of a group of current and former CIA professionals, said "the Band of Sisters had a favorite crime fighter .... Just think of us as a work force of Elastigirls.”[10]

text: Violet Parr

text: Violet Parr (voiced by Sarah Vowell) is a 14-year-old junior high school teenager stuck at the crossroads between girl and woman. Violet desperately wants to be like everyone else, to blend in with normal people, and not to stand out. Her superpowers allow her to turn instantly invisible, and to generate spherical force fields to protect herself and also to levitate extremely heavy objects; the interiors of the force fields have an anti-gravitational effect, allowing Violet to levitate inside, but she can be stunned temporarily if the field is struck by a sufficiently large force.

text: During the movie, she and Dash combine their powers to create the IncrediBall (named in the video game), a tactic in which Violet generates a force field around herself, and Dash uses his speed power to use the ball like a cannonball or battering ram. Her struggle with her shyness and lack of confidence constitutes a major side story in the movie; she is spurred on by Helen's encouragement that she has more power than she realizes and that she just has to believe it. In the end, Violet sheds her shyness and ends up at the confident side when her crush Tony Rydinger asks her for a date.

text: Unlike her normal clothes, her red superheroine suit, designed by Edna Mode, also turns invisible when Violet does.

text: Dash Parr

text: Dashiell "Dash" Robert Parr (voiced by Spencer Fox in the first film, Huck Milner in the second film) is a speedster. While he is only as strong as the average 10-year-old boy, the film's official website lists "enhanced durability" amongst Dash's powers, which is implied in the film by the amount of incidental high-speed collisions and crashes Dash endures without apparent injury. Dash also discovers throughout the course of the movie that his speed allows him to be able to run over water without submerging.

text: Dash would like to go out for sports, but his mother Helen will not allow it because she thinks that he would show off his superspeed and blow the family's civilian cover. To vent his frustration, Dash uses his power to play pranks on his teacher, Bernie Kropp, which also threatens their cover.

text: Dash's reckless and impulsive nature and one-track mind have put him at odds with Violet's gloomier and more sarcastic nature more often than their parents would like, but when Dash is in battle, he cares deeply about his family; he was willing to attack a fully grown man who was about to kill his sister.

text: His red superhero suit, designed by Edna Mode, is resistant to air friction, wear and heat when Dash is running at super speed.

text: Jack-Jack Parr

text: John Jackson "Jack-Jack" Parr (voiced by Eli Fucile and Maeve Andrews in the first film, Fucile and Nicholas Bird [as a monster] in the second film) is the Parrs' infant son, the youngest of the Parr children. Initially believed to be the only family member without any powers, he manifests a multitude of superhuman abilities at the end of the film, most of which are types of shapeshifting. More powers are seen in the short film Jack-Jack Attack on the Incredibles DVD, making his powers the most versatile of the family, and according to a collectible poster included with some Incredibles toys, still more powers are undisclosed.

text: Although Edna Mode did not know what powers Jack-Jack might develop, she covered various possibilities by making him a fireproof and bulletproof blanket sleeper-like jumpsuit. Creator Brad Bird explains on the DVD that Jack-Jack's varied abilities are a metaphor for how young children have infinite possibilities ahead of them in life.

text: In issue #0 of the comic series, it is mentioned that Jack-Jack's full name is John Jackson Parr.[volume & issue needed]

text: Jack-Jack was ranked number 15 in Empire magazine's list of the Top 20 Pixar Characters.[3]

text: Allies

text: Frozone

text: Lucius Best (a.k.a. Frozone) (voiced by Samuel L. Jackson in the films, Isaac C. Singleton Jr. in Rise of the Underminer) is a long-time friend of the Parr family. Frozone is Bob Parr's best friend, and was the best man at Bob and Helen's wedding. Similar to the Marvel Comics superhero Iceman, Frozone has the power to freeze water, or even ambient moisture in the air. He is limited by the amount of water available, either in liquid form, or in the air. It is also indicated that he can use the moisture of his own body, and that dehydration weakens his abilities as a result. During the movie, it is suggested that he has adapted to civilian life much more easily than his long-time friend, Bob Parr, though he still possesses a hidden cache containing his costume and all of his old gadgets in working condition.

text: Lucius married a woman whom he refers to as Honey (voiced by Kimberly Adair Clark), who is aware of his superhero past, but is unsupportive of his public minded ideals. Lucius is best friends with Bob, and a close friend of Helen and the kids, who are the only supers he socializes with following the banning of superheroes. Whenever Lucius and Bob go out on Wednesdays to engage in superheroics, they have to cover from their respective wives by claiming to be going bowling, but they stop going out when Bob is caught by Helen. Lucius's super suit is designed to keep him warm in the cold, but he must wear a special set of refraction goggles not only to protect his identity, but also to protect his eyes from the glare of the sunlight that bounces off his ice crystals. The soles of Frozone's snow boots can change into ice skates, alpine ice skis, and a concave disc he uses as a snowboard. These forms of transport, combined with chutes of ice, result in particularly speedy travel.

text: Frozone was ranked number 16 in Empire magazine's list of the Top 20 Pixar Characters.[3]

text: Frozone returns in Incredibles 2. He fights alongside the Incredibles against the Underminer, before being forced to permanently retire to his secret identity, alongside all supers, including the Incredibles, as a result of the battle. He is approached by Winston Deavor, and he brings Helen and Bob with him to meet Deavor together. He is later oveerwhelmed by other mind controlled Supers as he successfully attenpts to protect the Parr children from them, and, as a result, is put under Evelyn’s mind control via goggles. However, he is soon freed by Helen and her children.

text: Edna Mode

text: Edna Marie "E" Mode (voiced by Brad Bird) is an eccentric fashion designer who designs the costumes for many members of the superhero community. To that end, not only does she take the aesthetics of the clothes into account, but also their practical uses such as protective qualities and accommodation to the powers of the wearer. She was a guest at Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl's wedding. Rick Dicker, who felt that Edna was "difficult" to work with, was the one who first referred Elastigirl to Edna.[11] Edna was conceived as an amalgam between James Bond's gadget supplier, Q, and Oscar-winning costume designer Edith Head. Pixar artist Teddy Newton, who co-designed the character, stated that the film's animators looked for inspiration in the 1995 fashion documentary Unzipped, which spotlighted a number of designers, including Isaac Mizrahi and Polly Mellen.[12] Edna Mode also appeared with Pierce Brosnan to present the Academy Award for Costume Design at the 77th Academy Awards. Edna refuses to design super suits with capes in light of the number of supers having unfortunate accidents because their capes got caught in airliner turbines, elevators, missiles, etc. The film's creators originally could not find an appropriate actress to voice Edna. Finally, when asking actress Lily Tomlin to voice Edna, Brad Bird provided an example of what she should sound like. Tomlin told Bird that he successfully captured her voice so well that he should provide it in the film himself, which Bird did.[13]

text: Edna Mode was ranked number 8 in IGN's list of the Top 10 Pixar Characters,[2] and number 6 in Empire magazine's list of the Top 20 Pixar Characters.[3]

text: Edna returns in Incredibles 2. She agrees to babysit super toddler Jack-Jack when an overwhelmed Bob becomes exhausted with taking care of him. She also outfits the baby with his first super suit.

text: Rick Dicker

text: Rick Dicker (voiced by Pixar animator Bud Luckey in the first film, Jonathan Banks in the second film) is a government agent who was once part of the NSA (National Supers Agency) and now oversees the Superhero Relocation Program. He was one of the guests present at Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl's wedding. Rick is often frustrated by Bob clinging on to the "Glory Days", which usually ends up in Rick having to erase memories and repair damages caused by Bob's actions. By the film's conclusion, Dicker congratulates Bob and his family after they stop the Omnidroid and expose Syndrome's plot.

text: Rick Dicker also appears in the short film Jack-Jack Attack where he interrogates Jack-Jack's babysitter Kari about the events that unfolded while she was babysitting Jack-Jack and then erases Kari's memories at the end. In the DVD commentary, Brad Bird jokes that he had an idea to start Luckey's short film Boundin' with Rick Dicker coming into his office late at night, pulling out a bottle of "booze" and a banjo to start in on Boundin.

text: Rick returns in Incredibles 2. He informs the Parr family that his department's "Super Relocation" program is being shut down, forcing supers across the world to permanently adhere to their secret identities. He then goes on to tell the family that they are on their own now and that he cannot help them any longer., because he is going into forced retirement. It is later revealed that as a result of Tony accidentally witnessing Violet in her super-suit without her mask during the battle with the Underminer, Rick was forced to wipe Tony’s mind of the day - including that of Violet.

text: Snug

text: Snug is an old friend of Helen Parr, presumably from her super days as Elastigirl. He never appears in the movie, but his voice can be heard on the phone when Helen calls him to acquire a jet to access Syndrome's island. In the movie, Snug can be seen in a photograph which Helen holds, showing the two of them in holiday clothing. In the deleted scenes, Snug was intended to travel with them on the plane to the island and would be killed in the following crash with the missiles. This scene was cut out, however.

text: Winston Deavor

text: Winston Deavor (voiced by Bob Odenkirk) is a massive superhero fan who leads a telecommunications company with his sister Evelyn, and wants to bring back the "supers", who have been forced to return to their secret identities by the government, by revamping the public's perception of them. Winston proposes a publicity stunt in order to regain the general public's support of supers, selecting Helen Parr to carry it out. He then places the Parr family in a brand new house and provides Helen with a new super-suit. He is later placed under the control of his sister, via mind controlling goggles of which she invented as part of her scheme to permanently undermine the legal status of Supers. Upon being freed by the Incredibles, Winston realizes what his sister is doing, defies her attempt to remove him to safety and reboards the ship she set to collide with the city in order to assist the passengers and crew at considerable personal risk.

text: Civilians

text: Oliver Sansweet

text: Oliver Sansweet is the president of a bank in Municiberg. While en route to his wedding, Mr. Incredible saw him jump off a building and saved him whereby Oliver got injured in the process. Following the incident, Sansweet sued Mr. Incredible in Superior Court for preventing his suicide. He pushed that he didn't want to be saved nor did he ask to be saved and the injuries caused by Mr. Incredible’s intervention brings him daily pain. Oliver's lawsuit against Mr. Incredible, alongside a series of other Super related lawsuits, led to the government silently initiating the Superhero Relocation Program.

text: Gilbert Huph

text: Gilbert Huph (voiced by Wallace Shawn) is Bob Parr's diminutive, strict supervisor at his insurance company Insuricare. His main priority at Insuricare is its profits despite concerns from the company's staff or its customers. He is a stickler for bureaucracy, but prefers that customers should be unaware of any "loopholes" that would help secure an insurance claim.

text: One day when Huph refuses to let Bob stop a mugging out in the street by threatening to fire him if he took action, Bob loses his cool, grabs Huph by the neck, and throws him through several office walls, leaving him hospitalized and in traction. This incident results in Bob revealing his super strength and being dismissed from Insuricare during Bob's talk with Rick Dicker at the hospital.

text: A deleted scene on the film's official website shows that his memories of the incident has been erased by Rick.

text: Bernie Kropp

text: Bernie Kropp (voiced by Lou Romano) is a teacher at Dash Parr’s school, whom Dash pulls pranks on. After sitting on a tack placed on his seat at his desk, Kropp sends Dash to the principal’s office where they conference with Helen Parr. Kropp reveals that he had secretly videotaped the incident with Dash, which he claims "proves" Dash placed the tack on his desk chair. However, the principal is unconvinced and Dash is allowed to leave with Helen with no school repercussions, infuriating Kropp.

text: Tony Rydinger

text: Tony Rydinger (voiced by Michael Bird) is a junior high school teenager, attending the same school as Violet Parr. Violet harbors a secret crush on him. In the end, with boosted confidence, Violet manages to attract Tony’s attention and he asks her out on a date, which she accepts.

text: Tony returns in Incredibles 2. It is revealed that Tony accidentally witnessed Violet in her supersuit unmasked during their battle with the Underminer, which resulted in Rick Dicker being forced to wipe Tony’s memory of the day including that of Violet and his planned date with her. Violet is forced to start from scratch with Tony, asking him out to the movies again. However, she is forced to leave him at the cinema (with the promise of returning quickly) when a new threat calls for the Incredibles to take action.

text: Kari McKeen

text: Kari McKeen (voiced by Bret Parker) is a friend of the Parrs (more than likely from Violet's school) whom Violet calls upon to babysit Jack-Jack while the rest of the family are flying to save Mr. Incredible. She has taken numerous babysitting classes and feels more than adequately prepared to care for Jack-Jack in any capacity, and assures Helen Parr to that effect. She has one scene in the film, and she is heard later on Mrs. Parr's voice mail, complaining that some "very weird things" are happening, she does apparently learn all of Jack-Jack's powers as she has a defense for all of them after one day. Her eventful night with the baby (see above) is documented in the Jack-Jack Attack short included on the DVD release, ending with Rick Dicker erasing her memory of the incident.

text: The Ambassador

text: The Ambassador (voiced by Isabella Rossellini) is a dignified foreign official committed to the support and legalization of superheroes. She is rescued by Elasti-Girl, when Evelyn attempts to kill her.

text: Antagonists

text: Syndrome

text: Buddy Pine (a.k.a. Syndrome) (voiced by Jason Lee) first appears as a 10 year old child who professes to be Mr. Incredible's "number 1 fan". However, Mr. Incredible, having long exhausted his patience with this obsessed child pestering him, bluntly tells the child to leave him alone. In an attempt to earn his hero's respect, Buddy Pine tries to aid him in fighting crime as "IncrediBoy", with gadgets of his own invention. Mr. Incredible declines Buddy's offer, and during a subsequent conflict between Mr. Incredible and the French supervillain Bomb Voyage following Mr. Incredible preventing Oliver Sansweet's suicide, Buddy intervenes and ends up with a bomb attached to his cape. Mr. Incredible's attempt to remove it leads to the destruction of a section of train tracks, which requires him to save the approaching L-Train. Mr. Incredible then hands Buddy over to the police to have them take Buddy home and tell his mother what he's been doing. Mr. Incredible then quotes "I work alone" and proceeds to his wedding with Elastigirl.

text: Fifteen years later, Buddy recreates himself as an evil genius who plans to exact revenge on his former idol, whom Syndrome now regards as his nemesis. He starts by having Mirage lure some Supers to his lair on Nomanisan Island under the cover of a job offer so that his Omnidroids can be improved by wiping out each Super. At one point, the DVD Director's Commentary seems to point out that his complete lack of conscience is a direct result of psychopathy, making him a mad scientist. Intensely amoral, he allows missiles fired at an airplane carrying Elastigirl, Dash, and Violet to continue after Helen reveals the children's presence on the plane, bets Mirage's life in a subsequent showdown when Mr. Incredible threatens to kill her, and carelessly throws a fully loaded fuel tanker down a street, endangering civilians. After his plans to fraudulently become a superhero and replace the supers that he had killed off are foiled by both the Incredibles and Frozone, Syndrome has his assets frozen by the authorities and a warrant issued for his arrest. However, he abducts Jack-Jack with the intention of raising him as a sidekick, but fails due to the sudden emergence of Jack-Jack's powers. Syndrome vows to eventually get Jack-Jack, but Mr. Incredible tosses his car at Syndrome, which causes Syndrome's cape to get caught in his jet's intake and suck him in to his demise.

text: Syndrome has no superhuman powers, but he is incredibly intelligent, making him a super in his own right. He has invented numerous weapons, and high-tech vehicles that use such principles as robotics, anti-gravity, and zero-point energy, which he sold to black market buyers to make himself rich. He owns his own island, complete with a mansion, a sophisticated monorail system, missiles, and a staff of guards equipped with exotic vehicles of Syndrome's design.

text: Like Mr. Incredible, his character was also physically modeled after Brad Bird.[1]

text: Syndrome was chosen as the 64th Greatest Villain Ever by Wizard Magazine.[14]

text: Omnidroid

text: The Omnidroid is a series of intelligent and destructive robots developed by Syndrome to fight and kill Supers. Syndrome made many different versions of this battle robot. All were designed to fight and kill Supers, and each subsequent model improved upon the previous one by correcting flaws and weaknesses found during fights. The Omnidroid's only weakness is itself: in the film, Mr. Incredible climbs into Omnidroid's internal structure, causing the robot to pierce its own armor in a vain attempt to pry Mr. incredible out of inside itself.

text: The Omnidroid series of robots were designed by Syndrome to use AI and destructive features such as claws and lasers to target and destroy its enemies. It is self-learning and can correct its own mistakes, and also collects information on superheroes it encounters.

text: Omnidroids were used to kill various superheroes - each time a superhero eventually defeated an Omnidroid, data from the nearly destroyed version was then used to create an improved model, specifically designed to have functions to defeat the superhero who had previously destroyed it. Through the instructions of Mirage, the superheroes do not fully destroy the Omnidroid as "it is government property".

text: The final Omnidroid created by Syndrome was controlled via a remote, which he uses to appear as a Superhero by "destroying" it after launching it himself into Metroville. However, the Omnidroid learns that Syndrome is controlling it and turns on him. The Omnidroid is eventually destroyed by the combined efforts of the Parr family and Frozone when a separated claw is used to rip out its power core.[15]

text: The Incredibles credits includes the sentence, "The term OMNIDROID used by permission of Lucasfilm Ltd". George Lucas apparently holds a trademark on the term "droid" (it's the word used to refer to the robots in the Star Wars franchise) and as "Omnidroid" has the term "droid" in it, permission was requested (and granted) from Lucasfilm to use the term in the film.[dead link][16]

text: Mirage

text: Mirage (voiced by Elizabeth Peña) was Syndrome's seductive right-hand woman and accomplice in the murder of many "supers". Though she has no superhuman abilities, she has extensive computer and espionage skills. In her video-tablet message to Mr. Incredible, Mirage mentions that, according to the government, neither of them officially exists.

text: Initially, Mirage is at ease with Syndrome's casual regard to murder, but has a change of heart after Syndrome took a gamble on her life, daring an imprisoned Mr. Incredible to kill her after Incredible grabbed her and threatened to do so. Incredible abandoned his bluff, after which Mirage secretly freed him, and helped his family escape the island and foil Syndrome's plot. Her ultimate fate is not disclosed.

text: Bomb Voyage

text: Bomb Voyage (voiced by Dominique Louis) is a mime-themed villain who appears at the beginning of the movie. He is a recurring enemy of Mr. Incredible, as he is introduced, and by his language (he refers to Mr. Incredible as "Monsieur Incroyable"), outfit, the pun in his name, and music played when he appears, it is presumed that he is French. The character's name is intended to be a pun for the French phrase "Bon Voyage". He was last first seen in the film in a tall building, confronting Mr. Incredible when Voyage was stealing something from a vault. Buddy Pine, Mr. Incredible's big-time fan and the future villain Syndrome, interrupted their impending showdown and tried to appeal to Mr. Incredible that he would be a worthy sidekick for Mr. Incredible. As Buddy flew off to get the police, Voyage plants a bomb on Buddy's cape (unknown to Buddy), forcing Mr. Incredible to release Bomb Voyage to save Buddy. The resulting explosion destroys a section of railroad tracks during the incident, resulting in an attempt by Mr. Incredible to save the occupants of an approaching train. Bomb Voyage successfully made a getaway. It is unknown what happened to him afterwards, though Mr. Incredible told the police that they will catch Bomb Voyage eventually. The L-Train accident caused by Bomb Voyage's bomb led the accident's victims to sue him for the injuries they sustained 5 days after Mr. Incredible's lawsuit from Oliver Sansweet, leading to the initiation of the Superhero Relocation Program.

text: In the video game version, Voyage is the main villain for the first three levels of the game and he speaks English. In the last level he is involved in, he recreates the scene in the movie, throwing a bomb in Buddy Pine's cape, forcing Mr. Incredible to save him. After this, he attempts to escape in a helicopter, and Mr. Incredible defeats him by throwing six bombs at him, causing it to fly out of control and presumably crash, killing Voyage.

text: In the comic series, Bomb Voyage is recruited by Xerek to make the Eiffel Tower vanish with one of his bombs, and later meets Elastigirl and Mirage in person when they arrive to investigate, when he attempts to escape, Elastigirl follows him throughout Paris and eventually shakes Xerek's location out of him. Since it has been 15 years since his appearance in the movie, Bomb Voyage has aged significantly, with a potbelly and balding hair.

text: Brad Bird originally pitched the idea of Bomb Voyage's name. His original idea was that he would be named Bomb Pérignon in reference to the similarly named champagne Dom Pérignon, but the Moët et Chandon company rejected that.[17]

text: Voyage makes a cameo in the 2007 Pixar film Ratatouille as a street mime.

text: The Underminer

text: The Underminer (voiced by John Ratzenberger) is a short, almost mole-like creature. He first appears at the end of the first movie riding on a gigantic drill-tipped vehicle, where he announces his "war on peace and happiness!", leading into the last shot of the Parr family putting their masks on for battle.

text: He returns in Incredibles 2, where he unsuccessfully attempts to rob the Metroburg Bank before being stopped by the Incredibles. However, he manages to escape.

text: Evelyn Deavor

text: Evelyn Deavor (voiced by Catherine Keener) is the sister of Winston Deavor and a technological genius who has never encountered a problem she couldn't solve. She utilizes a smokescreen in the form of the masked Screenslaver in order to carry out herself hidden from her plans to hypnotize and control people undiscovered. When the Screenslaver himself is unmasked by Elasti-Girl, he turns out to be just a confused pizza delivery guy (voiced by Bill Wise) with no knowledge of what he has done. When Elasti-Girl finds out that Evelyn was behind the Screenslaver, Evelyn traps her and reveals her plan to brainwash and control the world leaders so that the Supers can't be legalized. After trapping Mr. Incredible and Frozone, her plans are thwarted when Dash, Violet, and Jack-Jack manage to free them and Elasti-Girl and expose Evelyn's plans to the world leaders. Evelyn attenpts to flee but is apprehended by Elasti-Girl and arrested by the authorities.

text: List of known superheroes

text: Most of the following information comes from one of four main sources, two of which are scenes from the film The Incredibles. The first is the scene, 45 minutes into the film, in which Edna Mode explains to Mr. Incredible why she refuses to design super suits with capes during which a montage of a number of late supers' deaths is shown. The second is the scene, one hour into the film, in which Mr. Incredible hacks into Syndrome's computer files. The third source is the "NSA Files" feature in the "Top Secret" section of Disc 2 of The Incredibles two-disc DVD edition. A minor amount of information, such as information on Fironic, comes from other scenes in the film, as noted.

text:
Apogee - Her superpowers involved gravity control and levitation, which were powered by sunlight. She was a former member of The Thrilling Three, along with Gazerbeam and Phylange. Apogee believed that The Thrilling Three was really The Thrilling 1 + 2 in Gazerbeam's mind. The Operation Kronos database assigned her a threat rating of 6.5. She was killed by the Omnidroid v. X4 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos.
Blazestone - Her superpowers involved the control of fire and the production of pyrotechnic discharges; She was a member of Beta Force and was once partners with Frozone before their partnership soured even when Frozone and Downburst competed for her affection. The Operation Kronos database assigned her a threat rating of 5.5. She was killed by the Omnidroid v. X2 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos.
Blitzerman - His superpowers were unknown as the only mention of his powers were the words "High-powered...", seen in a close-up of his profile in Syndrome's Operation Kronos files. He was killed by a version of the Omnidroid, as early as version X4 but before X9.
Downburst - In the film, his superpowers are given by Syndrome's Operation Kronos files as gaseous downburst, but in the "NSA Files" feature on Disc 2 of the DVD, his powers are indicated to be atomic manipulation, meaning he could disrupt the atomic force among atoms. A member of Beta Force, he had an unrequited crush on Blazestone, but harbored a dislike of Frozone due to them competing for Blazestone's affection. The Operation Kronos database assigned him a threat rating of 6.5. He was killed by the Omnidroid v. X3 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos.
Dynaguy - He had the ability to project a disintegration ray from his forehead and could fly courtesy of ion propulsion gauntlets. He was present as a guest at Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl's wedding. Dynaguy was one of the first supers sued (for public endangerment) following the Mr. Incredible lawsuits. He was killed when his cape got snagged during a takeoff. Following his death, Gazerbeam replaced him as leader of The Thrilling Three.
Everseer - His superpowers included telepathy, clairvoyance, and "magnoscopic vision", with which he could see microscopically and telescopically. At one time, he was the leader of the Phantasmics and later fired Gazerbeam over a rivalry between the two. Everseer had a British accent in the audio file in the "NSA Files" feature on Disc 2 of the DVD. The Operation Kronos database assigned him a threat rating of 3.2. Because of his ability to see things like germs, he suffered from obsessive-compulsive disorder. He shared a therapist practice with Psycwave. He was killed by the Omnidroid v. X1 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos. In the comics, his disembodied brain later came into the possession of the criminal Xerek which is used in his sinister plans to destroy the Incredibles' reputation.
Fironic - Near the end of the film, a woman mistook Syndrome—who had just saved her and others from being crushed by a tanker truck which the Omnidroid v.10 had hurled at them—for this superhero.
Gamma Jack - His superpower was the ability to create controlled bursts of radiation. He believed supers to be a "superior race." The Operation Kronos database assigned him a threat rating of 7.9. Gamma Jack did manage to destroy one prototype Omnidroid during the training sessions for Operation Kronos, but was killed by its successor. The exact versions are unknown, but they were at least as early as version X5, but before X9.
Gazerbeam (voiced by Simon J. Paladino) - He is a super mentioned and briefly seen in The Incredibles. His powers allow him to generate energy blasts from his eyes. According to his biography on the DVD, Gazerbeam was originally a member of the superhero team The Phantasmics, but rivalry with team leader Everseer led to Gazerbeam's dismissal. Following the death of Dynaguy, Gazerbeam replaced him as leader of the Thrilling Three, along with previously established members Phylange and Apogee. In-group tensions and arguments eventually led the threesome to disband. When the public began suing superheroes for damages done, Gazerbeam true identity of Simon J. Paladino was a pro-bono lawyer who entered politics to become a long-time advocate for superhero rights. Gazerbeam appears alive only once in the film—as a guest during Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl's wedding—and is mostly seen in photos or mentioned by others. He was featured in a Super postage stamp collection alongside Frozone, Elastigirl and Mr. Incredible; this is seen among Mr. Incredible's selection of memorabilia. His disappearance (in his civilian identity) was reported in an article in the Metroville Tribune newspaper, which is how Bob first learned of his disappearance. His address is shown to be Traction Avenue, in the financial district of Metroville (the street where Operation Kronos is put into effect). In the film, Frozone compares Mr. Incredible's difficulties in adjusting to civilian life with those of the recently disappeared Gazerbeam, who experienced similar problems. As events would reveal, Gazerbeam was killed on Nomanisan Island while attempting to disable an Omnidroid - the same machine that took the lives of both other members of the Thrilling Three. The exact version was not revealed, but it was at least as late as version X4, but before X8, the first version later faced by Mr. Incredible. He apparently discovered the reason for his mission—i.e., Operation Kronos—and used his powers to burn the word "KRONOS" into a cavern wall on the island before his death. Mr. Incredible locates Gazerbeam's skeletal remains by chance while attempting to evade Syndrome and his Omnidroid; Mr. Incredible then uses the remains to convince Syndrome that he had been killed by one of Syndrome's mini-bombs. Mr. Incredible proceeds to sneak back into Syndrome's base and access the Operation Kronos computer, using Gazerbeam's final message as the password.
Hyper Shock - His superpower was the ability to generate seismic waves with his fists, with which he could create earthquake-like disruptions measuring 6.0 on the Richter scale. He also used dual seismic amplification hammers to amplify this effect, though the maximum range of this amplification is unknown. The Operation Kronos database assigned him a threat rating of 7.5. Hyper Shock managed to destroy the Omnidroid v. X3 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos, but was then killed by its successor, the Omnidroid v. X4.
Macroburst - According to the government file on the DVD, Macroburst is an androgynous superhero, to the point that their gender is actually not known by the government. Their superpower was the ability to project a high velocity winds. Macroburst was a sidekick to Everseer, and later a member of the Phantasmics. The Operation Kronos database assigned them a threat rating of 5.9. Macroburst was the first Super to score a victory over an Omnidroid, defeating the Omnidroid v. X1 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos. Unfortunately, they were then killed by the successor to the v. X1, the Omnidroid v. X2. Macroburst is one of five Supers without an audio file; Rick Dicker claims that it was damaged during a mission, and that although it was recovered, NSA Division Delta determined it to be incomplete.
Meta-Man - His superpowers included flight, enhanced strength, x-ray vision, a sonic scream, teleportation, magnetic manipulation, partial invisibility and the ability to communicate with aquatic animals. He was one of the guests present at Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl's wedding. One of his enemies was Baron von Ruthless (whom Dicker assumes to be responsible for the absence of Meta-Man's audio file—it was presumably confiscated during a surprise attack by von Ruthless; Frozone also mentions von Ruthless). He was killed when his cape got caught steel framework while lifting an express elevator back into place.
Phylange - An opera singer in his civilian life, his superpower was the ability to project sonic fields with his voice, similar to Marvel's Banshee. He was a former member of The Thrilling Three, along with Gazerbeam and Apogee. The Operation Kronos database assigned him a threat rating of 4.7. He was killed by the Omnidroid v. X2 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos.
Plasmabolt - Her superpowers involved shooting waves of plasma. She could also project electromagnetic energy, which was gathered from the antenna mounted on the head of her super suit, and channelled to her hands. Her body also exhibited an electromagnetic aura. She was a member of the Phantasmics. She was not seen in the movie, but in the "NSA Files" file on Disc 2 of the DVD as one of five Supers without an audio file; Dicker says that hers was inadvertedly erased by her electromagnetic aura and that a re-recording has been scheduled.
Psycwave - Her superpowers included mental force wave generation, temporary mental paralysis, and the ability to possess the bodies of others. A member of the Phantasmics, she shared a therapist practice with Everseer. The Operation Kronos database assigned her a threat rating of 1.6, the lowest rating of the Supers displayed. She was killed by the Omnidroid v. X1 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos.
Splashdown - Flight and water-based superpowers. He was capable of underwater high-speed travel and communication with undersea life. He was sucked into the vortex of a waterspout by his cape and went missing. He is one of five Supers without an audio file. Dicker says that his is irretrievable due to water damage.
Stormicide - The Operation Kronos file seen in the movie listed her powers as electrical discharges and gale-force bursts, but the NSA Files on the DVD, Disc 2, which was clearer, and corroborated by an audio file of an interview with Stormicide, indicated that her power was the absorbance and expulsion of a variety gases, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, etc. The Operation Kronos database assigned her a threat rating of 6.7. She was killed by an Omnidroid during the training sessions for Operation Kronos. The exact version is unknown, but it was at least as early as version X5, but before X9.
Stratogale - Gifted with the superpowers of flight, superstrength and the ability to communicate with birds, Stratogale had just pulled a commercial jet airliner out of a steep dive on April 23, 1957, after a serious emergency occurred to its #2 jet turbine. When she flew up in front of the left wing while waving at the passengers, her cape was sucked into the damaged engine, pulling her in and killing her. She was one of the guests present at Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl's wedding and is the last of five Supers without an audio file, with Dicker saying that hers has been deemed incomprehensible, suspecting either faulty recording equipment or a high level of ambient wind noise.
Thunderhead - Gifted with storm-controlling powers, courteous, and "good with kids", Thunderhead unfortunately had a reputation for low intelligence, according to Mr. Incredible, which is corroborated in his NSA file.[11] This would prove his undoing on November 15, 1958, when his cape caught on the fin of an outbound missile, tearing Thunderhead right out of his boots and gauntlets after he saved a woman and defeated the criminal responsible. He was one of the guests present at Mr. Incredible and Elastigirl's wedding.
Tradewind - His superpower involved control of the elements. He was killed by a version of the Omnidroid, as early as version X4 but before X9, during the training sessions for Operation Kronos.
Universal Man - His superpower involved the ability to manipulate the atomic density of materials, and can alter the density of his own body to be as low as that of gas, to that of a black hole. The Operation Kronos database assigned him a threat rating of 2.9. Universal Man had the unlucky distinction of being the first "Super" killed by an Omnidroid, the Omnidroid v. X1, during the training sessions for Operation Kronos. In the "NSA Files" feature on Disc 2 of the DVD, an audio file of an interview with him reveals him to have had an Austrian accent, and was apparently conducted in a weightlifting gym, given the background sounds, indicating that Universal Man was a parody of Arnold Schwarzenegger, who won the Mr. Universe multiple times.
Vectress - Her superpower was the ability to generate sub-sonic bursts. She was killed by the Omnidroid v. X4 during the training sessions for Operation Kronos.

text: Aspiring superheroes

text: The following are characters that aspire to be superheroes and appear in Incredibles 2:

text:
Brick - A brick-themed Super with super-strength and invulnerability who aspires to be a true superhero.
He-Lectrix (voiced by Phil LaMarr) - An aspiring Super who has the power of controling and projecting electrical currents. He dreams of being a true superhero.
Krushauer (voiced by Phil LaMarr) - An aspiring Super who has the power of telekinesis. He dreams of being a true superhero.
Reflux (voiced by Paul Eiding) - An elderly Super who has the power of heaving hot lava. Reflux dreams of being a true superhero. However, he gets tired easily and suffers motion sickness.
Screech - An owl-like aspiring Super who has the abilities of an owl and a supersonic screech. He prefers to fight crime at night and is mostly tired in the day.
Voyd (voiced by Sophia Bush) - She is a young Elastigirl fan who aspires to be a true superhero as she has the power of creating voids where objects can appear and disappear. Her true name is revealed to be Karen.


document_title: Lake Ontario

question_text: how far is lake ontario from syracuse ny

root

text: Lake Ontario

text: Geography[edit]

text: Lake Ontario is the easternmost of the Great Lakes and the smallest in surface area (7,340 sq mi, 18,960 km2),[1] although it exceeds Lake Erie in volume (393 cu mi, 1,639 km3). It is the 14th largest lake in the world. When its islands are included, the lake has a shoreline that is 712 miles (1,146 km) long. As the last lake in the Great Lakes' hydrologic chain, Lake Ontario has the lowest mean surface elevation of the lakes at 243 feet (74 m)[2] above sea level; 326 feet (99 m) lower than its neighbor upstream. Its maximum length is 193 statute miles (311 kilometres; 168 nautical miles) and its maximum width is 53 statute miles (85 km; 46 nmi).[2] The lake's average depth is 47 fathoms 1 foot (283 ft; 86 m), with a maximum depth of 133 fathoms 4 feet (802 ft; 244 m).[2][3] The lake's primary source is the Niagara River, draining Lake Erie, with the St. Lawrence River serving as the outlet. The drainage basin covers 24,720 square miles (64,030 km2).[1][5] As with all the Great Lakes, water levels change both within the year (owing to seasonal changes in water input) and among years (owing to longer term trends in precipitation). These water level fluctuations are an integral part of lake ecology, and produce and maintain extensive wetlands.[6][7] The lake also has an important freshwater fishery, although it has been negatively affected by factors including over-fishing, water pollution and invasive species.[8]

tag: p

text: Baymouth bars built by prevailing winds and currents have created a significant number of lagoons and sheltered harbors, mostly near (but not limited to) Prince Edward County, Ontario and the easternmost shores. Perhaps the best-known example is Toronto Bay, chosen as the site of the Upper Canada (Ontario) capital for its strategic harbour. Other prominent examples include Hamilton Harbour, Irondequoit Bay, Presqu'ile Bay, and Sodus Bay. The bars themselves are the sites of long beaches, such as Sandbanks Provincial Park and Sandy Island Beach State Park. These sand bars are often associated with large wetlands, which support large numbers of plant and animal species, as well as providing important rest areas for migratory birds.[9][10] Presqu'ile, on the north shore of Lake Ontario, is particularly significant in this regard. One unique feature of the lake is the Z-shaped Bay of Quinte which separates Prince Edward County from the Ontario mainland, save for a 2-mile (3.2 km) isthmus near Trenton; this feature also supports many wetlands and aquatic plants, as well as associated fisheries.

text: Major rivers draining into Lake Ontario include the Niagara River, Don River, Humber River, Trent River, Cataraqui River, Genesee River, Oswego River, Black River, Little Salmon River, and the Salmon River.

text: Geology[edit]

text: The lake basin was carved out of soft, weak Silurian-age rocks by the Wisconsin ice sheet during the last ice age. The action of the ice occurred along the pre-glacial Ontarian River valley which had approximately the same orientation as today's basin. Material that was pushed southward by the ice sheet left landforms such as drumlins, kames, and moraines, both on the modern land surface and the lake bottom,[15] reorganizing the region's entire drainage system. As the ice sheet retreated toward the north, it still dammed the St. Lawrence valley outlet, so that the lake surface was at a higher level. This stage is known as Lake Iroquois. During that time the lake drained through present-day Syracuse, New York into the Mohawk River, thence to the Hudson River and the Atlantic. The shoreline created during this stage can be easily recognized by the (now dry) beaches and wave-cut hills 10 to 25 miles (15 to 40 km) from the present shoreline.

text: When the ice finally receded from the St. Lawrence valley, the outlet was below sea level, and for a short time the lake became a bay of the Atlantic Ocean, in association with the Champlain Sea. Gradually the land rebounded from the release of the weight of about 6,500 feet (2,000 m) of ice that had been stacked on it. It is still rebounding about 12 inches (30 cm) per century in the St. Lawrence area. Since the ice receded from the area last, the most rapid rebound still occurs there. This means that the lake bed is gradually tilting southward, inundating the south shore and turning river valleys into bays. Both north and south shores experience shoreline erosion, but the tilting amplifies this effect on the south shore, causing loss to property owners.

text: History[edit]

text: The name Ontario is derived from the Huron word Ontarí'io, which means "great lake". The lake was a border between the Huron people and the Iroquois Confederacy in the pre-Columbian era. In the 1600s, the Iroquois drove out the Huron from southern Ontario and settled the northern shores of Lake Ontario. When the Iroquois withdrew and the Anishnabeg / Ojibwa / Mississaugas moved in from the north to southern Ontario, they retained the Iroquois name.[16]

text: It is believed that the first European to reach the lake was Étienne Brûlé in 1615. As was their practice, the French explorers introduced other names for the lake. In 1632 and 1656, the lake was referred to as Lac de St. Louis or Lake St. Louis by Samuel de Champlain and cartographer Nicolas Sanson respectively (likely for Louis XIV of France)[17] In 1660 Jesuit historian Francis Creuxius coined the name Lacus Ontarius. In a map drawn in the Relation des Jésuites (1662–1663), the lake bears the legend "Lac Ontario ou des Iroquois" with the name "Ondiara" in smaller type. A French map produced in 1712 (currently in the Canadian Museum of History[18]), created by military engineer Jean-Baptiste de Couagne, identified Lake Ontario as "Lac Frontenac" named after Louis de Buade, Comte de Frontenac et de Palluau. He was a French soldier, courtier, and Governor General of New France from 1672 to 1682 and from 1689 to his death in 1698.

text: Artifacts which are believed to be of Norse origin have been found in the area of Sodus Bay, indicating the possibility of trading by the indigenous peoples with Norse explorers on the east coast of North America.[19]

text: A series of trading posts were established by both the British and French, such as Fort Frontenac (Kingston) in 1673, Fort Oswego in 1722, Fort Rouillé (Toronto) in 1750. After the French and Indian War, all forts around the lake were under British control. The United States did not take possession of forts on present-day American territory until the signing of the Jay Treaty in 1794. Permanent, non-military European settlement began during the American Revolution. As the easternmost and nearest lake to the Atlantic seaboard of Canada and the United States, population centres here are among the oldest in the Great Lakes basin, with Kingston, Ontario, formerly the capital of Canada, dating to the 1670s (Fort Frontenac). The lake became a hub of commercial activity following the War of 1812 with canal building on both sides of the border and heavy travel by lake steamers. Steamer activity peaked in the mid-19th century before competition from railway lines.

text: In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, a type of scow known as a stone hooker was in operation on the north-west shore, particularly around Port Credit and Bronte. Stonehooking was the practice of raking flat fragments of Dundas shale from the shallow lake floor of the area for use in construction, particularly in the growing city of Toronto.[20]

text: Ecology and environmental concerns[edit]

text: The Great Lakes watershed is a region of high biodiversity, and Lake Ontario is important for its diversity of birds, fish, reptiles amphibians and plants. Many of these special species are associated with shorelines, particularly sand dunes, lagoons, and wetlands. The importance of wetlands to the lake has been appreciated, and many of the larger wetlands have protected status. However, these wetlands are changing in part because the natural water level fluctuations have been reduced. Many wetland plants are dependent upon low water levels to reproduce.[21] When water levels are stabilized, the area and diversity of the marsh is reduced. This is particularly true of meadow marsh (also known as wet meadow wetlands); for example, in Eel Bay near Alexandria Bay, regulation of lake levels has resulted in large losses of wet meadow.[22] Often this is accompanied by the invasion of cattails, which displace many of the native plant species and reduce plant diversity. Eutrophication may accelerate this process by providing nitrogen and phosphorus for the more rapid growth of competitively dominant plants.[23] Similar effects are occurring on the north shore, in wetlands such as Presqu'ile, which have interdunal wetlands called pannes, with high plant diversity and many unusual plant species.[24]

text: Most of the forests around the lake are deciduous forests dominated by trees including maple, oak, beech, ash and basswood. These are classified as part of the Mixedwood Plains Ecozone by Environment Canada, or as the Eastern Great Lakes and Hudson Lowlands by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, or as the Great Lakes Ecoregion by The Nature Conservancy.[25] Deforestation in the vicinity of the lake has had many negative impacts,[26] including loss of forest birds, extinction of native salmon, and increased amounts of sediment flowing into the lake. In some areas more than 90 percent of the forest cover has been removed and replaced by agriculture. Certain tree species, such as hemlock, have also been particularly depleted by past logging activity.[27] Guidelines for restoration stress the importance of maintaining and restoring forest cover, particularly along streams and wetlands.[28][29]

text: The open water is less-affected by shoreline features, such as wetlands, and more affected by nutrient levels that control the production of algae. Algae are the basis of the open water food web, and the source of primary production that ends up as Lake Trout and Walleye at the top of the open water food web.

text: Like the other Great Lakes, Lake Ontario used to have an important commercial fishery. It has been largely destroyed, mostly by over-fishing. Consider the Lake Sturgeon as but one example. Lake sturgeon are huge fish—they can grow up to three meters long and exceed 190 kg in weight. The females mature slowly and require decades to reach sexual maturity. It was once an abundant species in Lake Ontario. "In 1860, this species, taken on incidental catches of other fishes, was killed and dumped back in the lake, piled up on shore to dry and be burned, fed to pigs, or dug into the earth as fertilizer."[30] It was even stacked like cordwood and used to fuel steamboats. Once its value was realized, "They were taken by every available means from spearing and jigging to set lines of baited or unbaited hooks laid on the bottom to trapnets, poundnets and gillnets."[30] Over 5 million pounds were taken from adjoining Lake Erie in a single year. The fishery collapsed, largely by 1900. They have never recovered. Like most sturgeons, the lake sturgeon is rare now, and is protected in many areas. Populations in the Oswego River are being actively managed for recovery.

text: This food web has been damaged not only by over-fishing, and changes in nutrient levels, but also by other types of pollution from industrial chemicals, agricultural fertilizers, untreated sewage, phosphates from laundry detergents, and pesticides. Some pollutant chemicals that have been found in the lake include DDT, benzo[a]pyrene and other pesticides; PCBs, aramite, chromium, lead, mirex, mercury, and carbon tetrachloride. The International Joint Commission has identified areas where pollution is particularly intense (point sources) and mapped them as Areas of Concern. A Remedial Action Plan has been developed for each area. Some Lake Ontario areas of concern include the Oswego River and Rochester Embayment on the American side, and Hamilton Harbour and Toronto on the Canadian side.[citation needed]

text: By the 1960s and 1970s, the increased pollution caused frequent algal blooms to occur in the summer.[8] These blooms killed large numbers of fish, and left decomposing piles of filamentous algae and dead fish along the shores.[31] At times the blooms became so thick that waves could not break. Fish eating birds such as osprey, bald eagle and cormorant were being poisoned by contaminated fish. Since the 1960s and 1970s, environmental concerns have forced a cleanup of industrial and municipal wastes. Cleanup has been accomplished through better treatment plants, tighter environmental regulations, deindustrialization and increased public awareness. Today, Lake Ontario has recovered some of its pristine quality; for example, walleye, a fish species considered as a marker of clean water, are now found. However, regional airshed pollution remains a concern. The lake has also become an important sport fishery, although with introduced species (Coho and Chinook salmon) rather than the native species. Bald eagle and osprey populations are also beginning to recover.

text: Invasive species are a problem for Lake Ontario, particularly lamprey and zebra mussels. Lamprey are being controlled by poisoning in the juvenile stage in the streams where they breed. Zebra mussels in particular are difficult to control, and pose major challenges for the lake and its waterways.

text: Climate[edit]

text: The lake has a natural seiche rhythm of eleven minutes. The seiche effect normally is only about 3⁄4 inches (2 cm) but can be greatly amplified by earth movement, winds, and atmospheric pressure changes.

text: Because of its great depth, the lake as a whole never freezes in winter, but an ice sheet covering between 10% and 90% of the lake area typically develops, depending on the severity of the winter. Ice sheets typically form along the shoreline and in slack water bays, where the lake is not as deep. During the winters of 1877 and 1878, the ice sheet coverage was up to 95–100% in most of the lake. In the winter of 1812, the ice cover was stable enough that the American naval commander stationed at Sackets Harbor feared a British attack from Kingston, over the ice.

text: When the cold winds of winter pass over the warmer water of the lake, they pick up moisture and drop it as lake-effect snow. Since the prevailing winter winds are from the northwest, the southern and southeastern shoreline of the lake is referred to as the snowbelt. In some winters the area between Oswego and Pulaski may receive twenty or more feet (600 cm) of snowfall. Also impacted by lake-effect snow is the Tug Hill Plateau, an area of elevated land that is about 20 miles (32 km) east of Lake Ontario, creating ideal conditions for lake-effect snowfall. The "Hill", as it is often referred to, typically receives more snow than any other region in the eastern United States. As a result, Tug Hill is a popular location for winter enthusiasts, such as snow-mobilers and cross-country skiers. Lake-effect snow often extends inland as far as Syracuse, with that city often recording the most winter snowfall accumulation of any large city in the United States. Other cities in the world receive more snow annually, such as Quebec City, which averages 135 inches (340 cm), and Sapporo, Japan, which receives 250 inches (640 cm) each year and is often regarded as the snowiest city in the world. Foggy conditions (particularly in fall) can be created by thermal contrasts and can be an impediment for recreational boaters. In a normal winter, Lake Ontario will be at most one quarter ice-covered, in a mild winter almost completely unfrozen. Lake Ontario has completely frozen over on five recorded occasions: from about January 20 to about March 20, 1830;[32] in 1874;[33] in 1893;[33] in 1912;[33] and in February 1934.[33]

text: Lake breezes in spring tend to retard fruit bloom until the frost danger is past, and in the autumn delay the onset of fall frost, particularly on the south shore. Cool onshore winds also retard early bloom of plants and flowers until later in the spring season, protecting them from possible frost damage. Such microclimatic effects have enabled tender fruit production in a continental climate, with the southwest shore supporting a major fruit-growing area. Apples, cherries, pears, plums, and peaches are grown in many commercial orchards around Rochester. Between Stoney Creek and Niagara-on-the-Lake on the Niagara Peninsula is a major fruit-growing and wine-making area. The wine-growing region extends over the international border into Niagara and Orleans counties. Apple varieties that tolerate a more extreme climate are grown on the lake's north shore, around Cobourg.

text: Settlements[edit]

text: A large conurbation called the Golden Horseshoe occupies the lake's westernmost shores, anchored by the cities of Toronto and Hamilton. Ports on the Canadian side include St. Catharines, Oshawa, Cobourg and Kingston, near the St. Lawrence River outlet. Close to 9 million people or over a quarter of Canada's population lives within the watershed of Lake Ontario. The American shore is largely rural, with the exception of Rochester and the much smaller ports at Oswego and Sackets Harbor. The city of Syracuse is 40 miles (64 km) inland, connected to the lake by the New York State Canal System. Over 2 million people live in Lake Ontario's American watershed.

text: A high-speed passenger/vehicle ferry, the Spirit of Ontario I, operated between Toronto and Rochester from June 17, 2004, to January 10, 2006, when the service was cancelled. The Crystal Lynn II, out of Irondequoit, New York, has been operating between Irondequoit Bay and Henderson, New York since May 2000, operated by Capt. Bob Tein.

text:
Toronto
Mississauga
Hamilton
Burlington
Oshawa
Kingston
Whitby
Stoney Creek
Grimsby
Oakville
St. Catharines
Port Hope
Cobourg
Brighton
Pickering
Ajax
Bowmanville
Belleville
Trenton
Niagara-on-the-Lake

tag: ul

text:
Rochester
Greece
Irondequoit
Webster
Oswego
Fair Haven
Sackets Harbor
Cape Vincent
Three Mile Bay
Wilson
Chaumont

text: Ocean and lake navigation[edit]

text: The Great Lakes Waterway connects the lake sidestream to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence Seaway, and upstream to the other rivers in the chain via the Welland Canal and to Lake Erie. The Trent-Severn Waterway for pleasure boats connects Lake Ontario at the Bay of Quinte to Georgian Bay (Lake Huron), via Lake Simcoe. The Oswego Canal connects the lake at Oswego to the New York State Canal System, with outlets to the Hudson River, Lake Erie, and Lake Champlain.

text: The Rideau Canal, also for pleasure boats, connects Lake Ontario at Kingston to the Ottawa River in downtown Ottawa, Ontario.

text: Lighthouses[edit]

text:
Beach Canal Lighthouse
Braddock Point Light
Charlotte-Genesee Lighthouse
Gibraltar Point Lighthouse
Oswego Harbor West Pierhead Light
Presqu'ile Lighthouse
Selkirk Lighthouse
Sodus Point Light
Stony Point Light
Thirty Mile Point Light

text: Islands[edit]

text: Nearly all of Lake Ontario's islands are located on the eastern and north-eastern shores, between the Prince Edward County headland and the lake's outlet at Kingston. The Toronto Islands on the north-western shore are the remnants of a sand spit formed by coastal erosion, whereas the mostly larger eastern islands are underlain by the basement rock found throughout the region. The largest island, is Wolfe Island, at the east end of the lake. It is accessible by ferry from both Canada and the U.S.

text:
Toronto Islands
Wolfe Island
Association Island
Galloo Island – and nearby Little Galloo Island, Calf Island, and Stony Island
Amherst Island
Simcoe Island
Garden Island
Grenadier Island
Waupoos Island
Nicholson Island
Big Island

text: Other topics[edit]

text: The Great Lakes Circle Tour and Seaway Trail are designated scenic road systems connecting all of the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River.[34] As the Seaway Trail is posted on the U.S. side only, Lake Ontario is the only of the five Great Lakes to have no posted bi-national circle tour.

text: In the 1800s, there were reports of an alleged creature, similar to the so-called Loch Ness Monster, being sighted in the lake. The creature is described as large with a long neck, green in colour, and generally causes a break in the surface waves.[35][36][37]

text: Swims across the lake[edit]

text: As of 2012[update], nearly 50 people have successfully swum across the lake.[38] The first person who accomplished the feat was Marilyn Bell, who did it in 1954 at the age of 16. Toronto's Marilyn Bell Park is named in her honour. The park opened in 1984, and is located just to the east of the spot where Bell completed her swim.[39] In 1974, Diana Nyad became the first person who swam across the lake against the current (from north to south).[40] On August 28, 2007, 14-year-old Natalie Lambert from Kingston, Ontario, made the swim, leaving Sackets Harbor, New York, and reaching Kingston's Confederation basin less than 24 hours after she entered the lake.[41] On August 19, 2012, 14-year-old Annaleise Carr became the youngest person to swim across the lake. She completed the 32-mile (52-km) crossing from Niagara-on-the-Lake to Marilyn Bell Park in just under 27 hours.[42]

text: Industrialisation[edit]

text: The government of Ontario, which holds the lakebed rights of the Canadian portion of the lake under the Beds of Navigable Waters Act,[43] currently does not permit off-shore wind power to be generated offshore.[44] In Trillium Power Wind Corporation v. Ontario (Natural Resources),[43] the Superior Court of Justice held that Trillium Power—since 2004 an "Applicant of Record" who had invested $35,000 in fees and, when in 2011 the Crown made a policy decision against offshore windfarms, claimed an injury of $2.25 billion—disclosed no reasonable cause of action.

text: While the Great Lakes once supported an industrial-scale fishery, with record hauls in 1899, overfishing later blighted the industry.[45] Today only recreational fishing activities exist.

text: Images[edit]

text:
Satellite image during late autumn

The lake seen from dead end of Dutch St.; Huron, New York (A sparsely populated neighboring town of Wolcott, New York)

Sandbanks Provincial Park

Bathers at Southwick Beach State Park, eastern shore of Lake Ontario, New York State

Sodus Outer Light, Sodus Bay, New York

View of Lake Ontario from Toronto's CN Tower, showing Toronto Harbour, Toronto Islands, and the island airport

Pier in Oakville, Ontario

Sculpture at top of Scarborough Bluffs

Scarborough Bluffs

Lake Ontario from Prince Edward County, Ontario


document_title: List of earthquakes in the United States

question_text: when was the last major earthquake in texas

text: The following is a list of notable earthquakes and/or tsunamis which had their epicenter in areas that are now part of the United States with the latter affecting areas of the United States.  Those in italics were not part of the United States when the event occurred.

text:
Date
State(s)
Magnitude
Fatalities
Article
Further information

January 26, 1700
Washington, Oregon, California
8.7–9.2
Unknown
1700 Cascadia earthquake

November 18, 1755
Massachusetts
5.9
Unknown
1755 Cape Ann earthquake

December 16, 1811
Missouri
7.2–8.1
Unknown
1811–1812 New Madrid earthquakes

December 8, 1812
California
6.9–7.5
7001400000000000000♠40+
1812 San Juan Capistrano earthquake

January 9, 1857
California
7.9
7000200000000000000♠2
1857 Fort Tejon earthquake

April 24, 1867
Kansas
5.1
5000000000000000000♠0
1867 Manhattan, Kansas earthquake

April 2, 1868
Hawaii
7.9
7001770000000000000♠77
1868 Hawaii earthquake and tsunami

October 21, 1868
California
6.3–6.7
7001300000000000000♠30
1868 Hayward earthquake

December 14, 1872
Washington
6.5–7.0
5000000000000000000♠0
1872 North Cascades earthquake

March 26, 1872
California
7.4–7.9
7001270000000000000♠27
1872 Lone Pine earthquake

August 31, 1886
South Carolina
6.9–7.3
7001600000000000000♠60
1886 Charleston earthquake

April 18, 1906
California
7.9
7003300000000000000♠3,000+
1906 San Francisco earthquake

September 27, 1909
Indiana
5.1
5000000000000000000♠0
1909 Wabash River earthquake

October 3, 1915
Nevada
7.1
5000000000000000000♠0
1915 Pleasant Valley earthquake

June 29, 1925
California
6.8
7001130000000000000♠13
1925 Santa Barbara earthquake

August 16, 1931
Texas
5.8
5000000000000000000♠0
1931 Valentine earthquake

March 10, 1933
California
6.4
7002120000000000000♠120
1933 Long Beach earthquake

October 18, 1935

Montana

6.2

4

1935 Helena earthquake

July 15, 1936
Oregon, Washington
5.8
5000000000000000000♠0
1936 State Line earthquake

May 18, 1940
California
6.9
7000900000000000000♠9
1940 El Centro earthquake

December 20, 1940
New Hampshire
5.3
5000000000000000000♠0
1940 New Hampshire earthquakes

December 24, 1940
New Hampshire
5.5
5000000000000000000♠0
1940 New Hampshire earthquakes

April 1, 1946
Alaska
8.6
7002165000000000000♠165
1946 Aleutian Islands earthquake and tsunami

December 4, 1948
California
6.3
5000000000000000000♠0
1948 Desert Hot Springs earthquake

April 13, 1949
Washington
6.7
7000800000000000000♠8
1949 Olympia earthquake

July 21, 1952
California
7.3
7001140000000000000♠14
1952 Kern County earthquake

March 9, 1957
Alaska
8.6
5000000000000000000♠0
1957 Andreanof Islands earthquake and tsunami

July 9, 1958
Alaska
7.8
7000500000000000000♠5 (tsunami)
1958 Lituya Bay earthquakes and megatsunami

August 17, 1959
Montana, Wyoming, Idaho
7.3–7.5
7001280000000000000♠28+
1959 Hebgen Lake earthquake

March 27, 1964
Alaska
9.2
7002143000000000000♠143
1964 Alaska earthquake and tsunami

February 4, 1965
Alaska
8.7
5000000000000000000♠0
1965 Rat Islands earthquake and tsunami

April 29, 1965
Washington
6.7
7000700000000000000♠7
1965 Puget Sound earthquake

August 9, 1967
Colorado
5.3
5000000000000000000♠0
Rocky Mountain Arsenal#Deep injection well

November 26, 1967
Colorado
5.2
5000000000000000000♠0
Rocky Mountain Arsenal#Deep injection well

November 9, 1968
Illinois
5.4
5000000000000000000♠0
1968 Illinois earthquake

October 2, 1969
California
5.6, 5.7
7000100000000000000♠1
1969 Santa Rosa earthquakes
Doublet

February 9, 1971
California
6.5–6.7
7001580000000000000♠58–65
1971 San Fernando earthquake

February 2, 1975
Alaska
7.6
5000000000000000000♠0
1975 Near Islands earthquake

November 29, 1975
Hawaii
7.2
7000200000000000000♠2
1975 Hawaii earthquake

May 2, 1983
California
6.5
5000000000000000000♠0
1983 Coalinga earthquake

October 28, 1983
Idaho
7.3
7000200000000000000♠2
1983 Borah Peak earthquake

April 24, 1984
California
6.2
5000000000000000000♠0
1984 Morgan Hill earthquake

October 1, 1987
California
5.9
7000800000000000000♠8
1987 Whittier Narrows earthquake

October 17, 1989
California
6.9
7001630000000000000♠63
1989 Loma Prieta earthquake

June 28, 1991
California
5.6
7000200000000000000♠2
1991 Sierra Madre earthquake

April 25–26, 1992
California
6.5–7.2
5000000000000000000♠0
1992 Cape Mendocino earthquakes

June 28, 1992
California
7.3
7000300000000000000♠3
1992 Landers earthquake

June 28, 1992
California
6.5
5000000000000000000♠0
1992 Big Bear earthquake

March 25, 1993
Oregon
5.6
5000000000000000000♠0
1993 Scotts Mills earthquake

September 20, 1993
Oregon
6.0
7000200000000000000♠2
1993 Klamath Falls earthquakes

January 17, 1994
California
6.7
7001570000000000000♠57
1994 Northridge earthquake

April 14, 1995
Texas
5.7
5000000000000000000♠0
1995 Marathon earthquake

May 2, 1996
Washington
5.6
5000000000000000000♠0
1996 Duvall earthquake

September 25, 1998
Pennsylvania
5.2
5000000000000000000♠0
1998 Pymatuning earthquake

October 16, 1999
California
7.1
5000000000000000000♠0
1999 Hector Mine earthquake

February 28, 2001
Washington
6.8
7000100000000000000♠1
2001 Nisqually earthquake

November 3, 2002
Alaska
7.9
5000000000000000000♠0
2002 Denali earthquake

December 22, 2003
California
6.5
7000200000000000000♠2
2003 San Simeon earthquake

September 10, 2006
Florida
5.8
5000000000000000000♠0
2006 Gulf of Mexico earthquake

October 15, 2006
Hawaii
6.7
5000000000000000000♠0
2006 Kiholo Bay earthquake

October 30, 2007
California
5.6
5000000000000000000♠0
2007 Alum Rock earthquake

February 21, 2008
Nevada
6.0
5000000000000000000♠0
2008 Wells earthquake

April 18, 2008
Illinois
5.4
5000000000000000000♠0
2008 Illinois earthquake

July 29, 2008
California
5.5
5000000000000000000♠0
2008 Chino Hills earthquake

January 9, 2010
California
6.5
5000000000000000000♠0
2010 Eureka earthquake

July 7, 2010
California
5.4
5000000000000000000♠0
2010 Borrego Springs earthquake

August 22, 2011
Colorado
5.3
5000000000000000000♠0
2011 Colorado earthquake

August 23, 2011
Virginia
5.9
5000000000000000000♠0
2011 Virginia earthquake

November 5, 2011
Oklahoma
5.6
5000000000000000000♠0
2011 Oklahoma earthquake

June 23, 2014
Alaska
7.9
5000000000000000000♠0
2014 Aleutian Islands earthquake

July 25, 2014
Alaska
5.9
5000000000000000000♠0
2014 Southeast Alaska earthquake

August 24, 2014
California
6.0
7000100000000000000♠1
2014 South Napa earthquake

September 25, 2014
Alaska
6.2
5000000000000000000♠0
2014 Southern Alaska earthquake

January 24, 2016
Alaska
7.1
5000000000000000000♠0
2016 Old Iliamna earthquake

September 3, 2016
Oklahoma
5.8
5000000000000000000♠0
2016 Oklahoma earthquake

January 23, 2018
Alaska
7.9
5000000000000000000♠0
2018 Alaska earthquake

tag: table

text: Earthquake swarms which affected the United States:

text:
1962–71 Denver earthquake swarm[1]
Enola earthquake swarm
2008 Reno earthquakes
Guy-Greenbrier earthquake swarm
2009–present Oklahoma earthquake swarms

text: Earthquakes which affected the United States but whose epicenters were outside the United States borders:

text:
1925 Charlevoix–Kamouraska earthquake – magnitude 6.2 earthquake, no injuries or fatalities anywhere
2010 Baja California earthquake (Mexico near S California) – magnitude 7.2 earthquake, 4 fatalities and 100 injuries, none in the United States

text: Earthquakes which did not affect the United States directly, but caused tsunamis which did:

text:
1960 Valdivia earthquake and tsunami – magnitude 9.5 earthquake, between 2200–6000 fatalities, including 61 in Hilo, HI
2006 Kuril Islands earthquake and tsunami – magnitude 8.3 earthquake, no injuries or fatalities anywhere
2009 Samoa earthquake and tsunami – magnitude 8.0 earthquake with an epicenter 120 miles (190 km) southwest of American Samoa generated tsunami waves up to 16 feet (5 m), killing 34 people in American Samoa and causing extensive damage[2]
2010 Chile earthquake and tsunami – magnitude 8.8 earthquake, ~525 fatalities and unknown number of injuries, none in the United States
2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami – magnitude 9.0 earthquake, 15,850–28,000 fatalities and 6,011 injured, one fatality and unknown number of injuries in the United States
2012 Haida Gwaii earthquake – magnitude 7.8 earthquake with an epicenter on Moresby Island in British Columbia, the second largest Canadian earthquake ever recorded by a seismometer, over 100,000 people were evacuated to higher ground in the state of Hawai'i


question_text: when was the malaysia marine enforcement agency act 2004 enforced

text:
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency Act 2004

Parliament of Malaysia

An Act to establish the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency to perform enforcement functions for ensuring the safety and security of the Malaysian Maritime Zone with an aim to protect maritime and other national interests in such zone and for matters necessary thereto or connected therewith.

Citation
Act 633

Territorial extent
Malaysia

Enacted by
Dewan Rakyat

Date passed
14 June 2004

Enacted by
Dewan Negara

Date passed
16 June 2004

Date of Royal Assent
25 June 2004

Date commenced
1 July 2004

Date effective
15 February 2005, P.U. (B) 67/2005

Legislative history

Bill introduced in the Dewan Rakyat
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency Bill 2004

Bill citation
D.R. 10/2004

Introduced by
Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department

First reading
7 June 2004

Second reading
14 June 2004

Third reading
14 June 2004

Bill introduced in the Dewan Negara
Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency Bill 2004

Bill citation
D.R. 10/2004

Introduced by
Mohamed Nazri Abdul Aziz, Minister in the Prime Minister's Department

First reading
15 June 2004

Second reading
16 June 2004

Third reading
16 June 2004

Keywords

Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency, maritime zone, exclusive economic zone

Status: In force

text: The Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency Act 2004 (Malay: Akta Agensi Penguatkuasaan Maritim Malaysia 2004) is an act to establish the Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency to perform enforcement functions for ensuring the safety and security of the Malaysia Maritime Zone with a view to the protection of maritime and other national interests in that zone. It came into force on 15 February 2005.

text: Structure[edit]

text: The Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency Act 2004, in its current form (1 January 2006), consists of 4 Parts containing 19 sections and no schedule (including no amendment).

text:
Part I: Preliminary
Part II: Establishment of Agency and Appointments
Part III: Functions and Powers of the Agency
Part IV: General


document_title: Auburn Tigers men's basketball

question_text: when was the last time auburn was in march madness

text: Auburn Tigers men's basketball

text: Coaches[edit]

text: Auburn has had 20 head men's basketball coaches since the program was started in 1906 by Mike Donahue. The program is currently coached by Bruce Pearl.

text:
Auburn Coaching History[2]

Tenure
Coach
Seasons
Won
Lost
Tied
Pct.
Conf.
Conf. Pct.

1905–1921
Donahue
16
74
80
1
.481
–
–

1921–1924
Hutsell
3
16
24
–
.400
–
–

1924–1925
Bunker
1
3
11
–
.214
–
–

1925–1928
Papke
3
38
18
–
.679
–
–

1928–1929
Bohler
1
6
15
–
.286
–
–

1929–1930
Lee
1
1
10
–
.091
–
–

1930–1933
McAllister
3
25
18
–
.581
4–7
.364

1933–42, 1945–46
Jordan
10
95
77
–
.552
61–56
.521

1942–43, 1944–45
Evans
2
4
28
–
.125
3–18
.143

1946–1947
Edney
1
3
18
–
.143
1–15
.063

1947–1949
Doyle
2
21
25
–
.457
12–18
.400

1949–1963
Eaves
14
213
100
–
.681
124–75
.623

1963–1973
Lynn
10
130
124
–
.512
84–88
.488

1973–1978
Davis
5
70
61
–
.534
42–48
.467

1978–1989
Smith
11
173
154
–
.529
84–114
.424

1989–1994
Eagles
5
64
78
–
.451
29–55
.345

1994–2004
Ellis
10
186
125
–
.598
73–87
.456

2004–2010
Lebo
6
96
93
–
.508
35–61
.365

2010–2014
Barbee
4
49
75
–
.395
18–50
.265

2014–present
Pearl
4
70
62
–
.531
29–43
.403

Total

112
1,336
1,195
1
.528
599–735
.449

text: Notable former coaches[edit]

text: Mike Donahue[edit]

text: Mike "Iron Mike" Donahue was Auburn's first head men's basketball coach, starting the program in 1906. He coached the program for 16 seasons, the longest tenure of any men's basketball coach in Auburn history, finishing with a record of 74–80–1 (.481). In addition to coaching basketball, Donahue served as athletic director and coached the football, baseball, track, and soccer teams while at Auburn.[3]

text: Ralph "Shug" Jordan[edit]

text: Though perhaps more famous for his career as a football coach at Auburn, Ralph "Shug" Jordan coached the Auburn men's basketball program for 10 seasons prior to becoming the head football coach. Jordan was a football assistant coach when he coached the men's basketball program.

text: After playing football and basketball for Auburn from 1929 to 1932, Jordan became the head men's basketball coach in 1933. He coached until 1942, when he was called overseas to fight as an officer in World War II. Following his service, Jordan returned to Auburn to coach the 1945–46 team. He left Auburn to become the head men's basketball coach at Georgia after the season. Jordan finished with a record of 95–77 (.552) at Auburn.

text: Joel Eaves[edit]

text: Joel Eaves was Auburn's 12th head men's basketball coach, coaching from 1949 to 1963. Eaves was a former Auburn football and basketball player, playing from 1934 to 1937 under head coach "Shug" Jordan.

text: Auburn won its first ever SEC championship under Eaves in 1960, finishing 12–2 in the conference and 19–3 overall. Eaves was named SEC Coach of the Year following the 1960 season. Eaves finished with a 213–100 (.681) record at Auburn, making him the winningest men's basketball coach in Auburn history.

text: Joel Eaves was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 1978.[4] Auburn's Memorial Coliseum was renamed after Eaves to Joel H. Eaves Memorial Coliseum in 1987, and later to Beard-Eaves-Memorial Coliseum in 1993.[5]

text: Sonny Smith[edit]

text: Sonny Smith was the 15th head men's basketball coach at Auburn, coaching for 11 seasons from 1978–1989.

text: Smith coached Auburn to the NCAA Tournament in 5 consecutive seasons, 1984 to 1988, including Auburn's deepest run: reaching the Elite Eight in 1986 before losing to eventual national champion Louisville. In addition to leading Auburn to its first ever NCAA Tournament in 1984, he also coached Auburn to its first SEC Tournament championship in 1985. Smith is the only head men's basketball coach in Auburn history to coach three consecutive 20-win seasons, doing so from 1984 to 1986. Sonny Smith was named SEC Coach of the Year in 1984 and 1988.

text: Smith coached his final season at Auburn in 1989, leaving to become the head men's basketball coach at VCU. Smith finished with a record of 173–154 (.529). Smith was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame in 2007.[6]

text: Cliff Ellis[edit]

text: Cliff Ellis was the 17th head men's basketball coach at Auburn. He coached for 10 seasons from 1994 to 2004.

text: Ellis had some success early in his career, leading Auburn to the NIT three times in his first four seasons and being named SEC Coach of the Year in 1995. His most successful season at Auburn was the 1998–99 season, where he led the Tigers to an SEC championship and the program's first ever #1 seed in the NCAA Tournament, in which they reached the Sweet Sixteen. Ellis was named both SEC and National Coach of the Year in 1999.[7] Ellis would take Auburn to the NCAA Tournament two more times: reaching the Second Round in 2000 and returning to the Sweet Sixteen in 2003.

text: Ellis was fired following the 2003–04 season after finishing the season with a 14–14 record. Auburn faced NCAA sanctions over alleged recruiting violations during the season, but Ellis was not found at fault after the investigation.[8] Ellis finished with a record of 186–125 (.598) at Auburn.

text: Bruce Pearl[edit]

text: Bruce Pearl became Auburn's 20th head men's basketball coach on March 18, 2014.[9] Pearl's current record at Auburn is 70–62 (.530).

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: National Coach of the Year

text: Cliff Ellis (1999)

text: SEC Coach of the Year

text:
Joel Eaves (1960)
Bob Davis (1975)
Sonny Smith (1984, 1988)
Tommy Joe Eagles (1990)
Cliff Ellis (1995, 1999)

text: Alabama Sports Hall of Fame

text:
Joel Eaves (1978)
Sonny Smith (2007)

text: Players[edit]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: Retired jerseys[edit]

text:
No.
Player
Year

15
John Mengelt
2001

34
Charles Barkley
2001

32
Rex Frederick
2006

45
Chuck Person
2006

11
Wesley Person
2006

30
Mike Mitchell
2013

text: All-Americans[edit]

text:
Player
Year(s)
Selectors

Jack Stewart
1931–32
College Humor Magazine

Rex Fredrick
1958–59
Helms Athletic Foundation, Associated Press

Henry Hart
1959–60
Helms Athletic Foundation, Associated Press

Lee DeFore
1965–66
Helms Athletic Foundation

John Mengelt (2)
1969–70, 1970–71
Helms Athletic Foundation, Associated Press

Mike Mitchell
1977–78
Converse Yearbook

Charles Barkley
1983–84
Basketball Times, National Association of Basketball Coaches

Chuck Person (2)
1984–85, 1985–86
Sporting News, McGregor, Basketball Times, National Association of Basketball Coaches

Wesley Person
1993–94
Associated Press, United States Basketball Writers Association

Chris Porter
1998–99
Associated Press, United States Basketball Writers Association, Basketball Times, College Hoops Insider, John Wooden Award

Doc Robinson
1998–99
Associated Press, College Hoops Insider

Source:"Auburn All-Americas". Auburn Tigers. Archived from the original on 2008-05-28. Retrieved 2008-07-24.

text: Other honors[edit]

text: Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame

text: Charles Barkley (2006)

text: SEC Player of the Year

text:
Charles Barkley (1984)
Chris Porter (1999)

text: SEC Tournament MVP

text:
Charles Barkley (1984)
Chuck Person (1985)

text: SEC Rookie of the Year

text: Chris Porter (1999)

text: Alabama Sports Hall of Fame

text:
John Mengelt (1995)
Charles Barkley (2001)
Rex Frederick (2003)
Chuck Person (2005)

text: USBWA Most Courageous Award

text: Wes Flanigan (1997)

text: Auburn in the NBA[edit]

text: NBA Draft picks[edit]

text: Auburn has produced 29 NBA Draft picks, including 6 first round picks. The most players that have been selected from Auburn in a single draft was 3 in the 1988 draft. Chuck Person and Chris Morris both hold the record for the highest draft pick from Auburn, as each were selected 4th overall in their respective drafts.

text:
Year
Round
Pick
Player
Team

1960
12
82
Henry Hart
New York Knicks

1963
4
34
Layton Johns
Los Angeles Lakers

1965
4
21
Joe Newton
Baltimore Bullets

1966
4
31
Lee DeFore
New York Knicks

1971
2
21
John Mengelt
Cincinnati Royals

1972
8
120
Henry Harris
Houston Rockets

1973
3
46
Jim Retseck
Golden State Warriors

1976
5
73
Gary Redding
Portland Trail Blazers

1977
3
49
Eddie Johnson
Atlanta Hawks

1978
1
15
Mike Mitchell
Cleveland Cavaliers

7
133
Stan Pietkiewicz
San Diego Clippers

1979
7
143
Rich Valavicius
Houston Rockets

1980
8
170
Rich Valavicius
Washington Bullets

1981
6
122
Earl Banks
Seattle SuperSonics

8
165
Bobby Cattage
Utah Jazz

1983
2
35
Darrell Lockhart
San Antonio Spurs

10
211
Odell Mosteller
Utah Jazz

1984
1
5
Charles Barkley
Philadelphia 76ers

9
193
Greg Turner
Kansas City Kings

1986
1
4
Chuck Person
Indiana Pacers

1987
6
138
Frank Ford
Los Angeles Lakers

7
158
Gerald White
Dallas Mavericks

1988
1
4
Chris Morris
New Jersey Nets

3
58
Jeff Moore
Charlotte Hornets

3
63
Mike Jones
Milwaukee Bucks

1994
1
23
Wesley Person
Phoenix Suns

2000
1
26
Mamadou N'Diaye
Denver Nuggets

2
55
Chris Porter
Golden State Warriors

2001
2
40
Jamison Brewer
Indiana Pacers

text: Undrafted free agents[edit]

text: In addition to its 29 NBA Draft picks, Auburn has produced several undrafted free agents that went on to have NBA careers.

text:
Myles Patrick (1980–1981)
Aaron Swinson (1994)
Adam Harrington (2002–2003)
Pat Burke (2002–2003, 2005–2007)
Marquis Daniels (2003–2013)

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: League MVP

text: Charles Barkley (1993)

text: Rookie of the Year

text: Chuck Person (1987)

text: All-Stars

text:
Eddie Johnson (1980, 1981)
Mike Mitchell (1981)
Charles Barkley (1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997)

text: Auburn in the Olympics[edit]

text:
Year
Player
Medal

1992
 Charles Barkley (USA)
01 ! Gold

1996
 Charles Barkley (USA)
01 ! Gold

text: Championships and postseason[edit]

text: SEC championships[edit]

text: Auburn has won three Southeastern Conference championships in its history: in 1960, 1999, and 2018. Auburn was also the SEC West Division champion in 1999.

text:
Year
Conference
Overall record
Conference record
Coach

1960
SEC
19–3
12–2
Joel Eaves

1999
SEC
29–4
14–2
Cliff Ellis

2018
SEC
25–6
13–5
Bruce Pearl

text: SEC Tournament[edit]

text: Auburn has won the SEC Tournament once, in 1985 under coach Sonny Smith, beating Alabama 53–49 in overtime.[2] That 1985 Auburn team was the first ever to win four games in four days to win the SEC Tournament.[10] Auburn has reached the SEC Tournament final two other times: in 1984, where they lost to Kentucky 51–49, and in 2000, where they lost to Arkansas 75–67. Auburn has had two SEC Tournament MVPs: Charles Barkley in 1984 and Chuck Person in 1985.

text: NCAA Tournament[edit]

text: Auburn has appeared in the NCAA Tournament 9 times. Their combined record is 13–9.

text:
Year
Seed
Region
Round
Location
Opponent
Result

1984
5
East
First Round
Charlotte, NC
12 Richmond
L 71–72

1985
11
Mideast
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
South Bend, IN
South Bend, IN
Birmingham, AL
6 Purdue
3 Kansas
2 North Carolina
W 59–58
W 66–64
L 56–62

1986
8
West
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Elite Eight
Long Beach, CA
Long Beach, CA
Houston, TX
Houston, TX
9 Arizona
1 St. John's
4 UNLV
2 Louisville
W 73–63
W 81–65
W 70–63
L 76–84

1987
8
Midwest
First Round
Second Round
Indianapolis, IN
Indianapolis, IN
9 San Diego
1 Indiana
W 62–61
L 90–107

1988
8
Southeast
First Round
Second Round
Atlanta, GA
Atlanta, GA
9 Bradley
1 Oklahoma
W 90–86
L 87–107

1999
1
South
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Indianapolis, IN
Indianapolis, IN
Knoxville, TN
16 Winthrop
9 Oklahoma State
4 Ohio State
W 80–41
W 81–74
L 64–72

2000
7
Midwest
First Round
Second Round
Minneapolis, MN
Minneapolis, MN
10 Creighton
2 Iowa State
W 72–63
L 60–79

2003
10
East
First Round
Second Round
Sweet Sixteen
Tampa, FL
Tampa, FL
Albany, NY
7 Saint Joseph's
2 Wake Forest
3 Syracuse
W 65–63OT
W 68–62
L 78–79

2018
4
Midwest
First Round
Second Round
San Diego, CA
San Diego, CA
13 College of Charleston
5 Clemson
W 62–58
L 53–84

text: NIT[edit]

text: Auburn has appeared in the National Invitation Tournament (NIT) 6 times. Their combined record is 4–6.

text:
Year
Seed
Round
Location
Opponent
Result

1993
–
First Round
Clemson, SC
Clemson
L 72–84

1995
–
First Round
Auburn, AL
Marquette
L 61–68

1996
–
First Round
Auburn, AL
Tulane
L 73–87OT

1998
–
First Round
Second Round
Auburn, AL
Milwaukee, WI
Southern Miss
Marquette
W 77–62
L 60–75OT

2001
–
First Round
Second Round
Auburn, AL
West Lafayette, IN
Miami (FL)
Purdue
W 60–58
L 60–90

2009
1
First Round
Second Round
Quarterfinals
Auburn, AL
Auburn, AL
Auburn, AL
8 UT Martin
4 Tulsa
3 Baylor
W 87–82
W 74–55
L 72–74

text: Facilities[edit]

text: Former facilities[edit]

text: Alumni Gymnasium[edit]

text: Auburn's first on-campus basketball facility was Alumni Gymasium, which opened in February 1916.[11] Auburn played its home games in Alumni Gymnasium until Auburn Sports Arena was opened in 1946.

text: Auburn Sports Arena[edit]

text: Auburn Sports Arena was a 2,500 seat multi-purpose arena. Nicknamed "The Barn," it opened in 1946. It was replaced when Beard-Eaves-Memorial Coliseum opened in 1969.

text: Beard–Eaves–Memorial Coliseum[edit]

text: Beard–Eaves–Memorial Coliseum was a 10,500-seat multipurpose arena that opened in 1969 under the name Memorial Coliseum. It was renamed after former player and coach Joel Eaves to Joel H. Eaves Memorial Coliseum in 1987. It was renamed for the final time to Beard-Eaves-Memorial Coliseum in 1993, adding the name of former Auburn athletic director Jeff Beard.

text: Auburn boasted a 393–182 (.683) overall record at Beard–Eaves–Memorial Coliseum. Auburn had a winning record at home in 37 of the 42 seasons Auburn played in the Coliseum. Auburn's 30-game home winning streak from the 1997–98 season to the final game of the 1999–2000 season was the longest in Coliseum history. It was the nation's second longest current winning streak at the time and is the second longest home winning streak in Auburn history.[5]

text: Auburn played its final season in Beard–Eaves–Memorial Coliseum in the 2009–10 season. Auburn's final game in Beard–Eaves–Memorial Coliseum was on March 3, 2010; Auburn beat Mississippi State 89–80.[12]

text: Auburn Arena[edit]

text: On June 29, 2007, Auburn announced plans to build a new $92.5 million basketball arena and practice facilities that would eventually be completed for the 2010–11 season.[13] The arena was named Auburn Arena. With a seating capacity of 9,121, Auburn Arena is the smallest men's basketball arena in the SEC. Aside from the main court, the arena also contains two practice courts, a weight room, twelve suites, coaches offices, the Auburn Ticket Office, and the Lovelace Athletic Museum.

text: Auburn played its first game in Auburn Arena on November 12, 2010, losing to UNC Asheville in overtime 70–69.[14] Auburn's first win in Auburn Arena came on November 21, 2010, when Auburn beat Middle Tennessee 68–66.[15] Auburn currently holds a 84–51 (.622) record in Auburn Arena.

text: Traditions[edit]

text: Rivalries[edit]

text: Alabama[edit]

text: Sometimes referred to as the "Iron Bowl of Basketball," Auburn and Alabama have a fierce rivalry that dates back to 1924. Auburn and Alabama first met in the Southern Conference Tournament on March 1, 1924, and Auburn lost 19–40. The two programs did not meet again until 1941 in the SEC Tournament, a matchup that Auburn lost again 16–38. The programs have played regularly since 1948, meeting at least twice every season starting in 1949. Auburn's first win in the rivalry came in their sixth meeting on December 20, 1949, when Auburn beat Alabama 45–40.

text: Auburn and Alabama have met in the SEC Tournament 9 times, including Auburn's 53–49 overtime victory over Alabama in the 1985 SEC Tournament championship game. Alabama leads the all-time series 96–62.

text: Georgia[edit]

text: Georgia is Auburn's oldest rival, first meeting in 1908 in Columbus, GA. Auburn won that game 34–20. Auburn and Georgia have played at least once every year since 1945. Georgia leads the all-time series 94–93.

text: UAB[edit]

text: Though Auburn and UAB have met just 20 times, the two programs have a strong history. The first game between the two schools was played on November 26, 1982, a matchup won by Auburn, 63–61. The programs met 16 more times over the next two decades until the series was discontinued after the 1999–2000 season. In 2015, Auburn and UAB agreed to a four-game series that reignited the rivalry.[16] The all-time series is tied at 10 wins a piece.

text: Student section[edit]

text: Auburn's student section is known as The Jungle. Auburn held a vote to name their student section at the start of the 2011–12 season, and The Jungle was chosen from several options. Auburn officially started The Jungle on January 11, 2012 for the Auburn–Kentucky game.[17] The Jungle was awarded the Sixth Man Award at the 2012 team banquet for its "outstanding support throughout the season and making Auburn Arena one of the loudest venues in the SEC."[18]

text: The Auburn student section was previously known as Lebo's Lunatics during Jeff Lebo's tenure at Auburn and the Cliff Dwellers during Cliff Ellis' tenure.


document_title: List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders

question_text: who has the best career batting average in mlb history

text: Key[edit]

text:
Rank
Rank amongst leaders in career batting average. A blank field indicates a tie.

Player
Name of the player.

BA
Total career batting average.

*

Denotes elected to National Baseball Hall of Fame.

Bold

Denotes active player.[note 1]

text: List[edit]

text: Stats updated as of July 10, 2018.

text:
Rank

Player

BA

1

Ty Cobb *

.3664

2

Rogers Hornsby *

.3585

3

Shoeless Joe Jackson

.3558

4

Lefty O'Doul

.3493

5

Ed Delahanty *

.3458

6

Tris Speaker *

.3447

7

Billy Hamilton *

.3444

Ted Williams *

.3444

9

Dan Brouthers *

.3424

10

Babe Ruth *

.3421

11

Dave Orr

.3420

12

Harry Heilmann *

.3416

13

Pete Browning

.3415

14

Willie Keeler *

.3413

15

Bill Terry *

.3412

16

Lou Gehrig *

.3401

George Sisler *

.3401

18

Jesse Burkett *

.3382

Tony Gwynn *

.3382

Nap Lajoie *

.3382

21

Jake Stenzel

.3378

22

Riggs Stephenson

.3361

23

Al Simmons *

.3342

24

Cap Anson *

.3341

25

John McGraw *

.3336

26

Eddie Collins *

.3332

Paul Waner *

.3332

28

Mike Donlin

.3326

29

Sam Thompson *

.3314

30

Stan Musial *

.3308

31

Bill Lange

.3298

Heinie Manush *

.3298

33

Wade Boggs *

.3279

34

Rod Carew *

.3278

35

Honus Wagner *

.3276

36

Tip O'Neill

.3260

37

Hugh Duffy *

.3255

Bob Fothergill

.3255

39

Jimmie Foxx *

.3253

40

Earle Combs *

.3247

41

Joe DiMaggio *

.3246

42

Babe Herman

.3245

43

Joe Medwick *

.3236

44

Edd Roush *

.3227

45

Sam Rice *

.3223

46

Ross Youngs *

.3222

47

Kiki Cuyler *

.3210

48

Charlie Gehringer *

.3204

49

Chuck Klein *

.3201

50

Mickey Cochrane *

.3196

text:
Rank

Player

BA

Pie Traynor *

.3196

52

Ken Williams

.3192

53

Kirby Puckett *

.3181

54

José Altuve

.3180

55

Earl Averill *

.3178

56

Vladimir Guerrero*

.3176

Arky Vaughan *

.3176

58

Bill Everitt

.3174

59

Roberto Clemente *

.3173

Joe Harris

.3173

61

Chick Hafey *

.3170

62

Joe Kelley *

.3169

63

Zack Wheat *

.3167

64

Miguel Cabrera

.3165

65

Roger Connor *

.3164

Todd Helton

.3164

Lloyd Waner *

.3164

68

George Van Haltren

.3163

69

Frankie Frisch *

.3161

Goose Goslin *

.3160

71

Lew Fonseca

.3158

72

Bibb Falk

.3145

73

Cecil Travis

.3142

74

Hank Greenberg *

.3135

75

Jack Fournier

.3132

76

Elmer Flick *

.3130

77

Ed Morgan

.3128

78

Nomar Garciaparra

.3127

Larry Walker

.3127

80

Bill Dickey *

.3125

81

Dale Mitchell

.3122

Manny Ramírez

.3122

83

Johnny Mize *

.3121

Joe Sewell *

.3121

85

Fred Clarke *

.3120

Joey Votto

.3120

Deacon White *

.3120

88

Bug Holliday

.3119

89

Barney McCosky

.3118

90

Hughie Jennings *

.3117

91

Edgar Martínez

.3115

92

Johnny Hodapp

.3114

Freddie Lindstrom *

.3114

94

Bing Miller

.3113

Jackie Robinson *

.3113

96

Baby Doll Jacobson

.3112

Taffy Wright

.3112

98

Ichiro Suzuki

.3111

99

Rip Radcliff

.3110

100

Ginger Beaumont

.3108