document_title: Oikos

question_text: what is the greek term for the men's quarters of an ancient greek house

question_tokens: what is the greek term for the men 's quarters of an ancient greek house

text: Oikos

text: Layout[edit]

text: Traditional interpretations of the layout of the oikos in Classical Athens have divided into men's and women's spaces, with an area known as the gynaikon or gynaikonitis associated with women's activities such as cooking and textiles work,[4] and an area restricted to men called the andron.[5] In Lysias' speech On the Murder of Eratosthenes, the women's rooms were said to be situated above the men's quarters,[6] while in Xenophon the women's and men's quarters are next to one another.[7]

text: More recent scholarship from historians such as Lisa Nevett and Lin Foxhall has argued for a more flexible approach to household space, with rooms not simply having a single fixed function,[8] and gendering of space not being as simple as some rooms being for men and others for women. It has been argued that instead of dividing the household space into "male" and "female" areas, it is more accurate to look at areas as being private or public. In this model, private areas were restricted to the family, while public areas were open to visitors but not to the women of the household.[9]

text: In Olynthos and Halieis, street plans in the classical city were rectilinear, and thus houses were of regular shapes and sizes. By contrast, in Athens houses appear to have varied much more in size and shape.[10]

text: In the classical period, houses excavated from Olynthos were "invariably" organised around a colonnaded courtyard.[11] Likewise, of the houses excavated at Halieis in the Argolid, most of the houses seem to have had a single entrance which gave access to a court,[12] and Nevett also cites three buildings excavated on Thasos as being similarly arranged around a courtyard.[13]

text: Only a minority of the houses had evidence of staircases survive, demonstrating that they definitely had upper storeys, while for the remainder of Olynthian houses the evidence is inconclusive.[14] On the Murder of Erastothenes demonstrates that at least some Athenian houses also had an upper storey. Entranceways at Olynthos were designed for privacy, preventing passers-by from seeing inside the house.[15]

text: Historians have identified a "hearth-room" in ancient Greek houses as a centre of female activity.[16] However, Lin Foxhall has argued that Greek houses often had no permanent kitchens.[17] For example, a house in Attica known as the Vari House had multiple possible places which may have been used for cooking, but no fixed fireplace, and no one place was used for the entire lifetime of the house.[17] Lisa Nevett points out that houses frequently had a "complex pattern of spatial usage", with rooms being used for multiple purposes.[18]

text: Family[edit]

text: Men[edit]

text: A man was the head (kyrios, κύριος) of the household. The kyrios was responsible for representing the interests of his oikos to the wider polis and providing legal protection to the women and minors with whom he shared his household. Initially the kyrios of an oikos would have been the husband and father of offspring. However, when any legitimate sons reached adulthood the role of kyrios could, in many instances, be transferred from the father to the next male generation. When a son was given his portion of the inheritance, either before or after his father had died, he was said to have formed a new oikos. Therefore, new oikoi were formed every generation and would continue to be perpetuated through marriage and childbirth.[19]

text: The relationship between father and son was bound intrinsically to the transfer of family property: a legitimate son could expect to inherit the property of his father and, in return, was legally obligated to provide for his father in his old age.[20] If a son failed to care for his parents he could be prosecuted and a conviction would result in the loss of his citizen rights.[21] However, sons were not compelled to maintain their fathers in their old age if they had not provided them with a skill.[22] Furthermore, the heir to an inheritance would also be required to perform burial rites at the deceased's funeral and continue to provide annual commemorative rites. This would have been an extremely important consideration for the Athenians, who were notoriously pious.[19]

text: Women[edit]

text: Although men were part of both the polis and oikos, women had a role only in the oikos. In Athens, women of citizen status did not have many of the rights citizen men had. They had no political rights and could take no part in government. They could conduct only limited business and hold and inherit limited property. All business was conducted on a woman's behalf by her husband or father.

text: Athenian inheritance laws prioritised men over equally closely related women, and daughters in the absence of sons did not inherit at all, but came along with the estate as epikleroi.[23] Instead of automatic inheritance rights, daughters were given dowries to support.[24] As late as the fourth century, Athenian inheritance law forbade the disposal of property by testament away from legitimate children.[22]

text: At Sparta women were able to own and inherit property.[25] Marriage was arranged for a woman by her father or male guardian.

text: In the home women were kept segregated in their own quarters, called gynaikonitis, and were virtually unseen.[26] They were responsible only for their oikos, which included providing for slaves and children, caring for the sick, and cooking, cleaning and making clothes. Much of this work, at least in wealthy families, would have been done by slaves, with the Athenian women largely taking a supervisory role.

text: Women rarely left the house, and even then would be accompanied by female slaves. Women did go shopping and to the wells to fetch water, but this was done mainly by slaves and by poorer women without slaves. Older women and widows had more freedom, as did Spartan wives. Wives in Sparta were also permitted to drink alcohol, which was forbidden in most other city-states, as well as exercise more authority in the oikos. However, as evidenced in the literature of the time, this standard was rarely observed. Poorer women undertook work, including selling goods in the market, spinning, making bread, agricultural laboring, acting as wet nurses or working alongside their husbands. It was not possible in such households to segregate men from women. Poorer widows often had to work, if they had no means of financial support.

text: Within religion women did play an important role, such as a dominant role at funerals, weddings, and a large number of public festivals. There were many priestesses, and women also had their own festivals. At some festivals, though, it is believed that women were not present; nor may they have attended associated performances at theaters.

text: Children[edit]

text: Childbirth took place at home, with all the women of the household in attendance. A female midwife (maia,[27] μαῖα) may have been present, and a male doctor called in if complications arose, but virtually no information on midwifery exists. Childbirth was regarded as polluting so was not allowed to take place on sacred ground. At birth the guardian (usually the father) had to decide whether to keep the child or expose it. If it was kept a purification ceremony took place on the fifth or seventh day after birth.

text: It was the mother's duty to breast-feed her children, but wet nurses were employed, and pottery feeding bottles are also known. There is evidence from vase paintings for cradles of wickerwork or wood. From the 4th century BCE children appear much more in artistic representations. Children played a number of games, and evidence of toys comes from literature, vase paintings and surviving examples of the actual toys.

text: It was customary at various festivals to give children toys. When girls were about to marry and when boys reached adolescence, it was customary for them to dedicate their playthings to deities.

text: Male children were favored for many reasons. They perpetuated the family and family cult, cared for parents in old age and arranged a proper funeral for deceased parents. In addition sons could inherit their mothers' dowry. Boys were raised in the female quarters until about the age of six, when they were educated in schools, but girls remained under the close supervision of their mothers until they married. They rarely went out of the women's section of the house and were taught domestic skills at home, though they did attend some religious festivals. In Sparta boys were removed from their families at the age of seven to be reared by the state.

text: Adoption[edit]

text: In order to continue the family it was possible for a man to adopt a son.[28] The earliest references to Greek adoption are in the Gortyn Code, where an adopted son had fewer inheritance rights than a son by birth.[29] By the 4th century BCE in Athens, there were three forms of adoption: firstly, while a man was still alive; secondly, in his will; and thirdly, if a man died without a male heir and without providing for the adoption of a son in his will, he could have a son assigned to carry on his family.[29]

text: An adopted son was no longer a member of his original oikos, but was transferred to the oikos of his adopter. If he wished to return to his original oikos, he had to leave a son of his own in his adoptive oikos in order that it might continue.[30]

text: Pets[edit]

text: Some animals were kept in the home from at least the time of Homer, who mentions dogs.[31] The most popular pet was a small dog, often represented on 5th-century BCE Attic gravestones and vases.[31]

text: Adultery[edit]

text: If a married woman was caught committing adultery, her husband was required to divorce her.[32] Additionally, any woman found with a moichos (adulterer[33]) was barred from public religious practices, as well as from wearing any ornament.[34]

text: Lysias' speech On the Murder of Eratosthenes offers two possible reasons for the concern of Athenian men with moicheia: firstly, that the seducer not only damages a woman's chastity, but also corrupts her mind, and secondly that a clandestine relationship brings into question the paternity of the woman's children.[35] Christopher Carey considers that the second reason given, the bringing into doubt of the paternity of children, was the more important consideration, as not only was the paternity of children important for inheritance, in ancient Athens this inheritance involved the cult of the family's ancestors, making the purity of the blood even more important than it might otherwise be.[36] Finally, adultery was feared because through seduction, unlike through rape, an adulterer might gain access to the household and its possessions.[37]

text: Modern sociology[edit]

text: The term oikos is contemporarily used to describe social groups.[38] Several dozen to several hundred people may be known, but the quality time spent with others is extremely limited: only those to whom quality (face-to-face) time is devoted can be said to be a part of an oikos. Each individual has a primary group that includes relatives and friends who relate to the individual through work, recreation, hobbies, or by being neighbors. The modern oikos, however, includes people that share some sort of social interaction, be it through conversation or simple relation, for at least a total of one hour per week.

text: The term oikophobia is used to refer to fear of the home or of household appliances. It has been extended by the philosopher Roger Scruton to mean rejection of one's home culture.


document_title: Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers

question_text: what was fred astaire and ginger rogers first movie together

root

text: Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers

text: Beginning (1933–1935)[edit]

text: Astaire started dancing in the early 1900s as a child on stage, in Vaudeville, partnering with his older sister, Adele.[2] He made his first movie in 1933, taking on a small role in the movie Dancing Lady starring Clark Gable and Joan Crawford. Rogers made her first appearance in a 1929 movie short, then made feature Pre-Code movies with Warner Brothers Pictures such as 42nd Street and Gold Diggers of 1933. Astaire and Rogers made their first pairing in a movie in 1933, Flying Down to Rio, in which they had supporting roles; the main star was Dolores Del Rio. In 1934, Astaire and Rogers made the musical movie The Gay Divorcee which co-starred Edward Everett Horton; it was their first joint starring role in a movie; the movie also featured the classic Cole Porter song "Night and Day". The song "The Continental" from the movie was a hit and was also the first song to win the Academy Award for Best Original Song in the 1934 Academy Awards.

tag: p

text: Astaire and Rogers made two movies in 1935, Roberta, which featured the song "I Won't Dance" and Top Hat, which also co-starred comedian Edward Everett Horton. In Roberta, Astaire and Rogers had a supporting role with Irene Dunne starring. In this film the song and dance, "I'll Be Hard to Handle", was an early example of the electricity and vivacity of the pairing. Top Hat marked the first time the duo had a film written solely for them, and it proved to be one of the most successful films of the year.[3] It was also, with The Gay Divorcee, among the most profitable films RKO Radio Pictures made in the 1930s.[citation needed]

text: Later years[edit]

text: By 1936, Astaire and Rogers were top box office names. That year they made another two movies together: Follow the Fleet and Swing Time, which were both hits. Swing Time spawned the Oscar-winning song "The Way You Look Tonight", written by Jerome Kern with lyrics by Dorothy Fields, which Astaire sang to Rogers. John Mueller has cited Swing Time for possessing "the greatest dancing in the history of the universe.".[4] The dance sequences for "Swing Time" (e.g. "Never Gonna Dance")[5] are considered by Arlene Croce to be the high point of their art.[6] This scene took 47 takes to perfect, during which the dancers had to ascend stairs, spinning, until they perfected it. By the end of the shoot, Rogers' feet were bleeding.[7] Follow the Fleet boasted another Irving Berlin score, which featured the well known vignette "Let's Face the Music and Dance".

text: 1937 featured only one movie for Astaire and Rogers, Shall We Dance, which co-starred Edward Everett Horton. Although the film was mildly successful, it did not perform as well as expected by the studio.[8] Shall We Dance had the first Hollywood score by the brothers George and Ira Gershwin, and included the song "They Can't Take That Away from Me". Although Astaire and Rogers would go on to make two more films together for RKO, the film's comparative disappointment in the box office was the beginning of the end for their partnership.

text: After an unusually long period apart, Astaire and Rogers made only one movie together in 1938, the 80-minute Carefree.[9] During their time apart, Rogers appeared in the successful movie Stage Door, while Astaire's career did not reach the same heights he had experienced with Rogers.[10] The duo reunited, but Carefree marked a departure for their on-screen partnership, featuring Astaire in a role unlike his usual typecast persona, as well as less emphasis on the musical element of the film.[10] Carefree was originally going to contain sequences shot in Technicolor, but RKO considered the cost prohibitive so it was filmed in black and white.[9] This movie feature an Irving Berlin musical score with only four songs, the fewest in any Astaire and Rogers film.[11] While the film was well-received by critics, with Motion Picture Herald's William R. Weaver calling it "the greatest Astaire-Rogers picture", it ultimately lost money for the studio.[9]

text: In 1939, Astaire and Rogers made The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle. It was the end of their partnership for ten years, until they reunited for The Barkleys of Broadway. Although their relationship was amicable, both wanted to explore new avenues. Rogers was interested in more dramatic roles than those she was offered with Astaire. Meanwhile Astaire, who worked with many dancers throughout his career, no longer wanted to be paired with one permanent partner.[12] Despite several successful films, RKO was facing bankruptcy. Due to the high cost and low profit of recent Astaire-Rogers vehicles, along with the stars' mutual desire to branch out, RKO announced the end of the on-screen partnership.[13] Their farewell film was a musical biography of ballroom dancers Vernon and Irene Castle. When Astaire and Rogers filmed the last dance in this film, Missouri Waltz, they attracted a large crowd of co-workers and crew members from RKO and numerous other studios, all of whom attended to bid an emotional farewell to the great dance team.[14]

text: Solo years[edit]

text: Rogers had long been keen to pursue more dramatic roles, which she successfully managed after her split from Astaire. At the 1941 Academy Awards ceremony, Rogers won the Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Kitty Foyle[15] and by the mid-1940s she was the highest paid actress in Hollywood, although her career waned post war.[16]

text: Astaire continued to make musicals including Holiday Inn (1942) with Bing Crosby, Sky's The Limit (1943) with Joan Leslie and Blue Skies (1946), his second and last movie with Crosby. He also partnered with numerous other dancers, including Rita Hayworth, Cyd Charisse and Judy Garland.[2] Fearing his career was failing, Blue Skies was due to be Astaire's last film, after which he retired for two years.[17] In 1948 Gene Kelly was due to star in MGM's Easter Parade alongside Judy Garland, but he broke his ankle, and MGM convinced Astaire to fill in, ending his retirement.[18]

text: 1949 and later[edit]

text: Due to their success as a partnership, Garland and Astaire were due to reunite for The Barkleys of Broadway, but Garland was forced to drop out and Rogers took her place.[19] The film, released in 1949, reunited Astaire and Rogers for their only movie for MGM and their only color film.[1] During production, Astaire received an honorary Academy Award, which was presented to him by Rogers. This film was greeted with joy by critics, who were thrilled to see the partnership together once again.[20] It was a success, earning a worldwide total of $5,421,000 on an estimated budget of $2,325,420.[21] The Barkleys of Broadway would be Astaire and Rogers' final movie together, although both would continue to make films with other stars.[22] In the 50s, Rogers' movie career declined due to a move away from classic film stars, but Astaire remained in the industry and branched out into television.[2]

text: Filmography[edit]

text:
Title
Year

Flying Down to Rio
1933

The Gay Divorcee
1934

Roberta
1935

Top Hat
1935

Follow the Fleet
1936

Swing Time
1936

Shall We Dance
1937

Carefree
1938

The Story of Vernon and Irene Castle
1939

The Barkleys of Broadway
1949

tag: table

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b "The Barkleys of Broadway (1949)". Reel Classics. December 16, 2008. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b c "Fred Astaire Biography". Biography.com. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0027125/trivia
Jump up ^ http://fuckyeahmusicalfilms.tumblr.com/post/5221046925/swing-time-has-some-of-the-best-dances-that
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0028333/?ref_=fn_tt_tt_1
Jump up ^ Croce, Arlene (1972). The Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers Book. London: W.H. Allen. pp. 98–115. ISBN 0-491-00159-2.
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0028333/trivia
Jump up ^ http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/1603/Shall-We-Dance/notes.html
^ Jump up to: a b c "Carefree (1938): Notes". TCM. 2015. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
^ Jump up to: a b "Carefree (1938)". Reel Classics. December 16, 2008. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0029971/trivia
Jump up ^ Mueller, John (1986). Astaire Dancing – The Musical Films. London: Hamish Hamilton. ISBN 0-241-11749-6.
Jump up ^ http://www.allmovie.com/movie/v47106
Jump up ^ http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/86497%7C0/The-Story-of-Vernon-and-Irene-Castle.html
Jump up ^ http://www.gingerrogers.com/about/biography5.html
Jump up ^ http://www.hollywoodsgoldenage.com/actors/ginger_rogers.html
Jump up ^ http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/69230/Blue-Skies/notes.html
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0040308/trivia
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0041158/trivia
Jump up ^ http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/1315/The-Barkleys-of-Broadway/articles.html
Jump up ^ http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0041158/business
Jump up ^ http://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/1315/The-Barkleys-of-Broadway/notes.html

tag: ol

text: American dance groupsFred Astaire

tag: ul

text: All articles with unsourced statementsArticles with unsourced statements from March 2015


document_title: List of most-viewed YouTube videos

question_text: the song that has the most views on youtube

text: List of most-viewed YouTube videos

text: Top videos

text: The following table lists the top 100 most viewed videos on YouTube, with each total rounded to the nearest 10 million views, as well as the creator and date of publication to YouTube.[A]

text:
Rank
Video name
Uploader / artist
Views (billions)
Upload date
Notes

1.
"Despacito"[9]
Luis Fonsi featuring Daddy Yankee
5.18
January 12, 2017
[B]

2.
"See You Again"[14]
Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth
3.59
April 6, 2015
[C]

3.
"Shape of You"[21]
Ed Sheeran
3.54
January 30, 2017
[D]

4.
"Gangnam Style"[22]
Psy
3.16
July 15, 2012
[E]

5.
"Masha and the Bear: Recipe for Disaster"[27]
Get Movies
3.08
January 31, 2012
[F]

6.
"Uptown Funk"[28]
Mark Ronson featuring Bruno Mars
3.07
November 19, 2014
[G]

7.
"Sorry"[29]
Justin Bieber
2.94
October 22, 2015

8.
"Sugar"[30]
Maroon 5
2.59
January 14, 2015

9.
"Shake It Off"[31]
Taylor Swift
2.56
August 18, 2014

10.
"Bailando"[32]
Enrique Iglesias featuring Descemer Bueno and Gente De Zona
2.51
April 11, 2014

11.
"Roar"[33]
Katy Perry
2.51
September 5, 2013

12.
"Hello"[34]
Adele
2.32
October 22, 2015
[H]

13.
"Lean On"[36]
Major Lazer and DJ Snake featuring MØ
2.32
March 22, 2015

14.
"Dark Horse"[37]
Katy Perry featuring Juicy J
2.32
February 20, 2014

15.
"Thinking Out Loud"[38]
Ed Sheeran
2.31
October 7, 2014

16.
"Blank Space"[39]
Taylor Swift
2.30
November 10, 2014

17.
"Counting Stars"[40]
OneRepublic
2.26
May 31, 2013

18.
"All About That Bass"[41]
Meghan Trainor
2.19
June 11, 2014

19.
"Chantaje"[42]
Shakira featuring Maluma
2.18
November 18, 2016

20.
"Wheels on the Bus"[43]
LittleBabyBum
2.12
August 9, 2014

21.
"Closer (Lyric video)"[44]
The Chainsmokers featuring Halsey
2.10
July 29, 2016
[I]

22.
"This Is What You Came For"[45]
Calvin Harris featuring Rihanna
2.01
June 16, 2016

23.
"What Do You Mean?"[46]
Justin Bieber
1.91
August 30, 2015

24.
"Baby"[47]
Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris
1.90
February 19, 2010
[J]

25.
"Let Her Go"[50]
Passenger
1.88
July 25, 2012

26.
"Work from Home"[51]
Fifth Harmony featuring Ty Dolla $ign
1.85
February 26, 2016

27.
"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"[52]
Shakira featuring Freshlyground
1.85
June 4, 2010

28.
"Chandelier"[53]
Sia
1.85
May 6, 2014

29.
"Mi Gente"[54]
J Balvin and Willy William
1.85
June 29, 2017

30.
"Rockabye"[55]
Clean Bandit featuring Sean Paul & Anne-Marie
1.83
October 21, 2016

31.
"We Don't Talk Anymore"[56]
Charlie Puth featuring Selena Gomez
1.78
August 2, 2016

32.
"Love Me Like You Do"[57]
Ellie Goulding
1.74
January 22, 2015

33.
"Faded"[58]
Alan Walker
1.72
December 3, 2015

34.
"Wake Me Up"[59]
Avicii
1.58
July 29, 2013

35.
"Treat You Better"[60]
Shawn Mendes
1.57
July 12, 2016

36.
"Worth It"[61]
Fifth Harmony featuring Kid Ink
1.56
March 28, 2015

37.
"Love the Way You Lie"[62]
Eminem featuring Rihanna
1.54
August 5, 2010

38.
"Watch Me (Whip/Nae Nae)"[63]
Silentó
1.52
June 25, 2015

39.
"Rude"[64]
Magic!
1.50
December 5, 2013

40.
"Ay Vamos"[65]
J Balvin
1.49
August 29, 2014

41.
"Let It Go"[66]
Idina Menzel
1.49
January 30, 2014
[K]

42.
"Johny Johny Yes Papa"[68]
ChuChu TV
1.47
November 14, 2014
[L]

43.
"Party Rock Anthem"[70]
LMFAO featuring Lauren Bennett and GoonRock
1.47
March 8, 2011

44.
"Vente Pa' Ca"[71]
Ricky Martin featuring Maluma
1.40
September 22, 2016

45.
"Hotline Bling"[72]
Drake
1.39
October 26, 2015

46.
"The Gummy Bear Song"[73]
icanrockyourworld
1.38
October 9, 2007
[M]

47.
"The Lazy Song"[74]
Bruno Mars
1.37
April 15, 2011

48.
"Propuesta Indecente"[75]
Romeo Santos
1.35
September 9, 2013

49.
"Stressed Out"[76]
Twenty One Pilots
1.35
April 27, 2015

50.
"Criminal"[77]
Natti Natasha featuring Ozuna
1.35
August 18, 2017

51.
"Baby Shark Dance"[78]
Pinkfong! Kids' Songs & Stories
1.35
June 17, 2016

52.
"Love Yourself"[79]
Justin Bieber
1.35
November 14, 2015

53.
"Starboy"[80]
The Weeknd featuring Daft Punk
1.35
September 28, 2016

54.
"Felices los 4"[81]
Maluma
1.35
April 21, 2017

55.
"Échame la Culpa"[82]
Luis Fonsi and Demi Lovato
1.33
November 16, 2017

56.
"Rolling in the Deep"[83]
Adele
1.33
November 30, 2010

57.
"Side to Side"[84]
Ariana Grande featuring Nicki Minaj
1.32
August 29, 2016

58.
"Reggaetón Lento (Bailemos)"[85]
CNCO
1.32
October 7, 2016

59.
"All of Me"[86]
John Legend
1.31
October 2, 2013

60.
"Hasta el Amanecer"[87]
Nicky Jam
1.31
January 14, 2016

61.
"Huge Eggs Surprise Toys Challenge"[88]
Ryan ToysReview
1.28
April 13, 2016

62.
"That's What I Like"[89]
Bruno Mars
1.26
March 2, 2017

63.
"Burn"[90]
Ellie Goulding
1.24
July 7, 2013

64.
"New Rules"[91]
Dua Lipa
1.23
July 7, 2017

65.
"On the Floor"[92]
Jennifer Lopez featuring Pitbull
1.22
March 3, 2011

66.
"The Hills"[93]
The Weeknd
1.22
May 27, 2015

67.
"How Deep Is Your Love"[94]
Calvin Harris featuring Disciples
1.21
August 6, 2015

68.
"Summer"[95]
Calvin Harris
1.21
April 6, 2014

69.
"Andas en Mi Cabeza"[96]
Chino & Nacho featuring Daddy Yankee
1.21
April 20, 2016

70.
"Hey Mama"[97]
David Guetta featuring Nicki Minaj, Bebe Rexha and Afrojack
1.21
May 19, 2015

71.
"Shaky Shaky"[98]
Daddy Yankee
1.20
July 14, 2016

72.
"Bad Blood"[99]
Taylor Swift featuring Kendrick Lamar
1.20
May 17, 2015

73.
"Axel F"[100]
Crazy Frog
1.20
June 16, 2009

74.
"Picky"[101]
Joey Montana
1.19
June 29, 2015

75.
"Mayores"[102]
Becky G and Bad Bunny
1.19
July 13, 2017

76.
"Thrift Shop"[103]
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis featuring Wanz
1.19
August 29, 2012

77.
"Diamonds"[104]
Rihanna
1.18
November 8, 2012

78.
"Gentleman"[105]
Psy
1.17
April 13, 2013

79.
"Animals"[106]
Martin Garrix
1.16
June 17, 2013

80.
"Bang Bang"[107]
Jessie J, Ariana Grande and Nicki Minaj
1.16
August 25, 2014

81.
"El Pollito Pio"[108]
Pulcino Pio
1.15
November 29, 2012

82.
"La Bicicleta"[109]
Carlos Vives and Shakira
1.15
July 8, 2016

83.
"El Perdón"[110]
Nicky Jam featuring Enrique Iglesias
1.13
March 23, 2015

84.
"Something Just like This (Lyric video)"[111]
The Chainsmokers and Coldplay
1.13
February 22, 2017

85.
"Just the Way You Are"[112]
Bruno Mars
1.13
September 8, 2010

86.
"El Perdedor"[113]
Maluma
1.12
April 22, 2016

87.
"Me Rehúso"[114]
Danny Ocean
1.12
September 18, 2016

88.
"Havana (Audio)"[115]
Camila Cabello featuring Young Thug
1.11
August 3, 2017

89.
"Swalla"[116]
Jason Derulo featuring Nicki Minaj & Ty Dolla Sign
1.11
March 17, 2017

90.
"Problem"[117]
Ariana Grande featuring Iggy Azalea
1.10
May 30, 2014

91.
"Masha and the Bear: Bon appétit!"[118]
Get Movies
1.10
September 21, 2012

92.
"Perfect"[119]
Ed Sheeran
1.10
November 9, 2017

93.
"Firework"[120]
Katy Perry
1.10
October 28, 2010

94.
"El Amante"[121]
Nicky Jam
1.10
January 15, 2017

95.
"Not Afraid"[122]
Eminem
1.10
June 4, 2010

96.
"Ahora Dice"[123]
Chris Jeday featuring J Balvin, Ozuna and Arcángel
1.09
March 19, 2017

97.
"Someone like You"[124]
Adele
1.08
September 29, 2011

98.
"Cheap Thrills (Lyric video)"[125]
Sia featuring Sean Paul
1.08
February 11, 2016

99.
"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"[126]
Katy Perry
1.07
June 12, 2011

100.
"Somebody That I Used to Know"[127]
Gotye featuring Kimbra
1.07
July 5, 2011

As of May 29, 2018

text: By year of release

text: The following table lists the current top 5 most viewed YouTube videos uploaded in each year, with each total rounded to the nearest ten million views, as well as the uploader and date of publication to YouTube.[N]

text: As of May 2018[update], Katy Perry has the most appearances on the list with four, while Adele and Bruno Mars have three. Only Linkin Park (2007), and Gummibär/icanrockyourworld (2007) have two videos in the top 5 of a single year, with both the English and French versions of Gummibär's The Gummy Bear Song being in the top five videos of 2007. Only three videos on the list are not music videos.

text:
Year
Video name
Uploader
Views (billions)
Upload date
Notes

2005
"Life Goes On"[128]
fhearnoiz
0.10
September 22, 2005

"guitar"[129]
guitar90
0.09
December 20, 2005

"Hurt"[130]
beachbuggy
0.08
December 12, 2005

"Tarzan Boy"[131]
nailofgilead
0.07
November 2, 2005

"Bohemian Rhapsody"[132]
Frozentoast
0.06
September 18, 2005

Combined views (2005)
0.40
[133][134]

2006
[O]
"Galinha Pintadinha - videoclip infantil animado"[135]
Galinha Pintadinha
0.50
December 28, 2006

"Ella y Yo"[136]
JosephIngma
0.35
April 27, 2006

"Evolution of Dance"[137]
Judson Laipply
0.30
April 6, 2006
[P]

"I Write Sins Not Tragedies"[138]
Fueled By Ramen
0.23
July 18, 2006

"If you are happy"[139]
Alicia Kids!
0.18
September 5, 2006

Combined views (2006)
1.56
[140][141]

2007
[Q]
"The Gummy Bear Song"[73]
icanrockyourworld
1.38
October 9, 2007

"Charlie Bit My Finger"[142]
HDCYT
0.86
May 22, 2007
[R]

"Numb"[143]
Linkin Park
0.86
March 4, 2007

"Je m'appelle Funny Bear"[144]
icanrockyourworld
0.36
October 15, 2007

"What I've Done"[145]
Linkin Park
0.35
April 3, 2007

Combined views (2007)
3.81
[140][141]

2008
"Hot n Cold"[146]
Katy Perry
0.79
October 13, 2008

"Pintinho Amarelinho - DVD Galena Pintadinha"[147]
Galinha Pintadinha
0.56
September 15, 2008

"Bohemian Rhapsody"[148]
Queen Official
0.55
August 1, 2008

"Viva la Vida"[149]
Coldplay
0.49
August 4, 2008

"Colgando en tus manos"[150]
Carlos Baute
0.39
October 29, 2008

Combined views (2008)
2.78
[140]

2009
"Axel F"[100]
Crazy Frog
1.20
June 16, 2009

"November Rain"[151]
Guns N' Roses
0.98
December 24, 2009

"Bad Romance"[152]
Lady Gaga
0.93
November 23, 2009
[S]

"You Belong with Me"[153]
Taylor Swift
0.84
June 16, 2009

"Zombie"[154]
The Cranberries
0.72
June 16, 2009

Combined views (2009)
4.67
[140]

2010
"Baby"[47]
Justin Bieber
1.90
February 19, 2010
[T]

"Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)"[52]
Shakira
1.85
June 4, 2010

"Love the Way You Lie"[62]
Eminem
1.54
August 5, 2010

"Rolling in the Deep"[83]
Adele
1.33
November 30, 2010

"Just the Way You Are"[112]
Bruno Mars
1.13
September 8, 2010

Combined views (2010)
7.75
[140]

2011
"Party Rock Anthem"[70]
LMFAO
1.47
March 8, 2011

"The Lazy Song"[74]
Bruno Mars
1.37
April 15, 2011

"On the Floor"[92]
Jennifer Lopez
1.22
March 3, 2011

"Someone like You"[124]
Adele
1.08
September 29, 2011

"Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)"[126]
Katy Perry
1.07
June 12, 2011

Combined views (2011)
6.21
[140]

2012
"Gangnam Style"[22]
Psy
3.16
July 15, 2012
[U]

"Маша и Медведь - Маша плюс каша"[27]
Get Movies
3.08
January 31, 2012

"Let Her Go"[50]
Passenger
1.88
July 25, 2012

"Thrift Shop"[103]
Macklemore & Ryan Lewis
1.18
August 29, 2012

"Diamonds"[104]
Rihanna
1.18
November 8, 2012

Combined views (2012)
10.48
[140]

2013
"Roar"[33]
Katy Perry
2.51
September 5, 2013

"Counting Stars"[40]
OneRepublic
2.25
May 31, 2013

"Wake Me Up"[59]
Avicii
1.58
July 29, 2013

"Rude"[64]
Magic!
1.50
December 5, 2013

"Propuesta Indecente"[75]
Romeo Santos
1.35
September 9, 2013

Combined views (2013)
9.19
[140]

2014
"Uptown Funk"[28]
Mark Ronson
3.07
November 19, 2014

"Shake It Off"[31]
Taylor Swift
2.56
August 18, 2014

"Bailando"[32]
Enrique Iglesias
2.51
April 11, 2014

"Dark Horse"[37]
Katy Perry
2.32
February 20, 2014

"Thinking Out Loud"[38]
Ed Sheeran
2.31
October 7, 2014

Combined views (2014)
12.77
[140]

2015
"See You Again"[14]
Wiz Khalifa
3.59
April 6, 2015
[V]

"Sorry"[29]
Justin Bieber
2.94
October 22, 2015

"Sugar"[30]
Maroon 5
2.59
January 14, 2015

"Hello"[34]
Adele
2.32
October 22, 2015

"Lean On"[36]
Major Lazer
2.32
March 22, 2015

Combined views (2015)
13.76
[140]

2016
"Chantaje"[42]
Shakira
2.18
November 18, 2016

"Closer (Lyric video)"[44]
The Chainsmokers
2.10
July 29, 2016

"This Is What You Came For"[45]
Calvin Harris
2.01
June 16, 2016

"Work from Home"[51]
Fifth Harmony
1.85
February 26, 2016

"Rockabye"[55]
Clean Bandit
1.83
October 21, 2016

Combined views (2016)
9.97
[140]

2017
"Despacito"[9]
Luis Fonsi
5.18
January 12, 2017
[W]

"Shape of You"[21]
Ed Sheeran
3.54
January 30, 2017

"Mi Gente"[54]
J Balvin
1.85
June 29, 2017

"Criminal"[77]
Pina Records
1.35
August 18, 2017

"Felices los 4"[81]
Maluma
1.35
April 21, 2017

Combined views (2017)
13.27
[140]

2018
"X"[155]
Nicky Jam
0.84
March 1, 2018

"Dura"[156]
Daddy Yankee
0.82
January 18, 2018

"El Farsante (Remix)"[157]
Ozuna
0.68
January 30, 2018

"God's Plan"[158]
Drake
0.59
February 16, 2018

"Amorfoda"[159]
Bad Bunny
0.53
February 14, 2018

Combined views (2018)
3.46
[140]

As of May 25, 2018

text: Historical most viewed videos

text: The following table lists the last 15 videos to become YouTube's most viewed video, from October 2005 to the present.

text:
Video name
Uploader
Views*
Upload date
Date achieved
Days held
Ref(s)
Notes

"Despacito"[9]
Luis Fonsi
2,993,700,000
Jan 12, 2017
Aug 4, 2017
299
[160]
[X]

"See You Again"[14]
Wiz Khalifa
2,894,000,000
Apr 6, 2015
Jul 10, 2017
25
[162]

"Gangnam Style"[22]
Psy
803,700,000
Jul 15, 2012
Nov 24, 2012
1,689
[23]
[Y]

"Baby"[47]
Justin Bieber
245,400,000
Feb 19, 2010
Jul 16, 2010
862
[48]
[Z]

"Bad Romance"[152]
Lady Gaga
178,400,000
Nov 23, 2009
Apr 14, 2010
93
[166]
[AA]

"Charlie Bit My Finger"[142]
HDCYT
128,900,000
May 22, 2007
Oct 25, 2009
171
[169]

"Evolution of Dance"[137]
Judson Laipply
118,900,000
Apr 6, 2006
May 2, 2009
176
[170]

"Girlfriend"[171][172]
RCA Records
92,600,000
Feb 27, 2007
Jul 17, 2008
289
[173]

"Evolution of Dance"[137]
Judson Laipply
78,400,000
Apr 6, 2006
Mar 15, 2008
124
[174]

"Music Is My Hot Hot Sex"[175]
CLARUSBARTEL72
76,600,000
Apr 9, 2007
Feb 29, 2008
15
[176]
[AB]

"Evolution of Dance"[137]
Judson Laipply
10,600,000
Apr 6, 2006
May 19, 2006
651
[179]
[AC]

"Pokemon Theme Music Video"[180]
Smosh
4,300,000
Nov 28, 2005
Mar 12, 2006
68
[181]
[AD]

"Myspace - The Movie"[184][185]
eggtea
2,700,000
Jan 31, 2006
Feb 18, 2006
22
[186]

"Phony Photo Booth"[187]
mugenized
3,400,000
Dec 1, 2005
Jan 21, 2006
28
[188]
[AE]

"The Chronic of Narnia Rap"[189]
youtubedude
2,300,000
Dec 18, 2005
Jan 9, 2006
12
[190]

"Ronaldinho: Touch of Gold"[191]
Nikesoccer
255,000
Oct 21, 2005
Oct 31, 2005
70
[192]
[AF]

"I/O Brush"[195]
larfus
247,000
Oct 5, 2005
Oct 29, 2005
2
[196]

As of May 30, 2018

text: *The approximate number of views each video had when it became YouTube's most viewed video.

text: Timeline of Most Viewed Videos (Oct 2005 - May 2018)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Oct 2005 - Jun 2006)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Apr 2006 - Jan 2010)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Oct 2009 - Jan 2013)

text: № 1 Most Viewed Video (Jan 2012 - May 2018)


document_title: List of New York Giants seasons

question_text: when was the last time the giants went to the playoffs

text: List of New York Giants seasons

text: Table key[edit]

text:
BBA
Bert Bell Award

Finish
Final position in league, division, or conference

Losses
Number of regular season losses

NFC POY
United Press International NFC Player of the Year

NFL COY
National Football League Coach of the Year Award

NFL CPOY
National Football League Comeback Player of the Year Award

NFL DPOY
National Football League Defensive Player of the Year Award

NFL DROY
National Football League Defensive Rookie of the Year Award

NFL MVP
National Football League Most Valuable Player Award

NFL OROY
National Football League Offensive Rookie of the Year Award

NFL WPMOY
Walter Payton NFL Man of the Year Award

OT
Game was decided in overtime

Pro Bowl MVP
Pro Bowl Most Valuable Player Award

Season
Each year is linked to an article about that particular NFL season

Super Bowl MVP
Super Bowl Most Valuable Player Award

Team
Each year is linked to an article about that particular Giants season

Ties
Number of regular season ties

UPI NFC ROY
UPI NFL-NFC Rookie of the Year

Wins
Number of regular season wins

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
NFL champions (1920–1969)

Super Bowl champions (1966–present)

Conference champions *

Division champions +

Wild Card berth #

One-game playoff berth ^

text:
New York Giants yearly win–loss records, with division standings, playoff results, and award winners

Season

Team

League

Conference

Division

Finish

Wins

Losses

Ties

Postseason results

Awards

 1925

1925

NFL

—

—

 4th

8

4

0

—

—

 1926

1926

NFL

—

—

 7th

8

4

1

—

—

 1927

1927

NFL

—

—

 1st

11

1

1

Named NFL Champions (1)[A]

—

 1928

1928

NFL

—

—

 6th

4

7

2

—

—

 1929

1929

NFL

—

—

 2nd

13

1

1

—

—

 1930

1930

NFL

—

—

 2nd

13

4

0

—

—

 1931

1931

NFL

—

—

 5th

7

6

1

—

—

 1932

1932

NFL

—

—

 5th

4

6

2

—

—

 1933

1933

NFL

—

East[B] +

 1st +

11

3

0

Lost NFL Championship (at Bears) 23–21

—

 1934

1934

NFL

—

East +

 1st +

8

5

0

Won NFL Championship (2) (Bears) 30–13

—

 1935

1935

NFL

—

East +

 1st +

9

3

0

Lost NFL Championship (at Lions) 26–7

—

 1936

1936

NFL

—

East

 3rd

5

6

1

—

—

 1937

1937

NFL

—

East

 2nd

6

3

2

—

—

 1938

1938

NFL

—

East +

 1st +

8

2

1

Won NFL Championship (3) (Packers) 23–17

Mel Hein (NFL MVP)[9]

 1939

1939

NFL

—

East +

 1st +

9

1

1

Lost NFL Championship (at Packers) 27–0

—

 1940

1940

NFL

—

East

 3rd

6

4

1

—

—

 1941

1941

NFL

—

East +

 1st +

8

3

0

Lost NFL Championship (at Bears) 37–9

—

 1942

1942

NFL

—

East

 3rd

5

5

1

—

—

 1943

1943

NFL

—

East

 2nd ^

6

3

1

Lost Divisional Playoff (Redskins) 28–0

—

 1944

1944

NFL

—

East +

 1st +

8

1

1

Lost NFL Championship (Packers) 14–7

—

 1945

1945

NFL

—

East

T-3rd

3

6

1

—

—

 1946

1946

NFL

—

East +

 1st +

7

3

1

Lost NFL Championship (Bears) 24–14

—

 1947

1947

NFL

—

East

 5th

2

8

2

—

—

 1948

1948

NFL

—

East

T-3rd

4

8

0

—

—

 1949

1949

NFL

—

East

 3rd

6

6

0

—

—

 1950

1950

NFL

American[C]

—

 2nd ^

10

2

0

Lost Conference Playoff (at Browns) 8–3

—

 1951

1951

NFL

American

—

 2nd

9

2

1

—

—

 1952

1952

NFL

American

—

T-2nd

7

5

0

—

—

 1953

1953

NFL

Eastern

—

 5th

3

9

0

—

—

 1954

1954

NFL

Eastern

—

 3rd

7

5

0

—

—

 1955

1955

NFL

Eastern

—

 3rd

6

5

1

—

—

 1956

1956

NFL

Eastern *

—

 1st *

8

3

1

Won NFL Championship (4) (Bears) 47–7

Frank Gifford (NFL MVP)[10]

 1957

1957

NFL

Eastern

—

 2nd

7

5

0

—

—

 1958

1958

NFL

Eastern *

—

 1st *

9

3

0

Won Divisional Playoff (Browns) 10–0Lost NFL Championship (Colts) 23–17 (OT)[11][D] *

Frank Gifford (Pro Bowl MVP)[12]

 1959

1959

NFL

Eastern *

—

 1st *

10

2

0

Lost NFL Championship (at Colts) 31–16 *

—

 1960

1960

NFL

Eastern

—

 3rd

6

4

2

—

Sam Huff (Pro Bowl MVP)[12]

 1961

1961

NFL

Eastern *

—

 1st *

10

3

1

Lost NFL Championship (at Packers) 37–0 *

Allie Sherman (NFL COY)[13]

 1962

1962

NFL

Eastern *

—

 1st *

12

2

0

Lost NFL Championship (Packers) 16–7 *

Y. A. Tittle (NFL MVP)[14]Allie Sherman (NFL COY)[13]Andy Robustelli (BBA)[15]

 1963

1963

NFL

Eastern *

—

 1st *

11

3

0

Lost NFL Championship (at Bears) 14–10 *

Y. A. Tittle (NFL MVP)[14]

 1964

1964

NFL

Eastern

—

 7th

2

10

2

—

—

 1965

1965

NFL

Eastern

—

T-2nd

7

7

0

—

—

 1966

1966

NFL

Eastern

—

 8th

1

12

1

—

—

 1967

1967

NFL

Eastern

Century

 2nd

7

7

0

—

—

 1968

1968

NFL

Eastern

Capitol

 2nd

7

7

0

—

—

 1969

1969

NFL

Eastern

Century

 2nd

6

8

0

—

—

 1970

1970

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd

9

5

0

—

Alex Webster (NFL COY)[16]

 1971

1971

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

4

10

0

—

—

 1972

1972

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd

8

6

0

—

—

 1973

1973

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

2

11

1

—

—

 1974

1974

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

2

12

0

—

John Hicks (UPI NFC ROY)[17]

 1975

1975

NFL

NFC

East

 4th

5

9

0

—

—

 1976

1976

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

3

11

0

—

—

 1977

1977

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

5

9

0

—

—

 1978[E]

1978

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

6

10

0

—

—

 1979

1979

NFL

NFC

East

 4th

6

10

0

—

—

 1980

1980

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

4

12

0

—

—

 1981

1981

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd #

9

7

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Eagles) 27–21Lost Divisional Playoffs (at 49ers) 38–24

Lawrence Taylor (NFL DPOY/NFL DROY)[18]

 1982[F]

1982

NFL

NFC

—

 10th

4

5

0

—

Lawrence Taylor (NFL DPOY)[18]

 1983

1983

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

3

12

1

—

Lawrence Taylor (NFC POY)[19]

 1984

1984

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd #

9

7

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (at Rams) 16–13Lost Divisional Playoffs (at 49ers) 21–10

—

 1985

1985

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd[G] #

10

6

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (49ers) 17–3Lost Divisional Playoffs (at Bears) 21–0

Phil Simms (Pro Bowl MVP)[12]

 1986

1986

NFL

NFC *

East +

 1st +

14

2

0

Won Divisional Playoffs (49ers) 49–3Won Conference Championship (Redskins) 17–0Won Super Bowl XXI (5) (Broncos) 39–20

Lawrence Taylor (NFL MVP/NFC POY/NFL DPOY/BBA)[18][19]Bill Parcells (NFL COY)[13]Phil Simms (Super Bowl XXI MVP)[20]

 1987[H]

1987

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

6

9

0

—

—

 1988

1988

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd[I]

10

6

0

—

—

 1989

1989

NFL

NFC

East +

 1st +

12

4

0

Lost Divisional Playoffs (Rams) 19–13 (OT)[21]

Ottis Anderson (NFL CPOY)[22]

 1990

1990

NFL

NFC *

East +

 1st +

13

3

0

Won Divisional Playoffs (Bears) 31–3Won Conference Championship (at 49ers) 15–13Won Super Bowl XXV (6) (Bills) 20–19

Ottis Anderson (Super Bowl XXV MVP)[23]

 1991

1991

NFL

NFC

East

 4th

8

8

0

—

—

 1992

1992

NFL

NFC

East

 4th

6

10

0

—

—

 1993

1993

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd #

11

5

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (Vikings) 17–10Lost Divisional Playoffs (at 49ers) 44–3

Dan Reeves (NFL COY)[13]

 1994

1994

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd

9

7

0

—

—

 1995

1995

NFL

NFC

East

 4th

5

11

0

—

—

 1996

1996

NFL

NFC

East

 5th

6

10

0

—

—

 1997

1997

NFL

NFC

East +

 1st +

10

5

1

Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Vikings) 23–22

Jim Fassel (NFL COY)[13]

 1998

1998

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd

8

8

0

—

—

 1999

1999

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd

7

9

0

—

—

 2000

2000

NFL

NFC *

East +

 1st +

12

4

0

Won Divisional Playoffs (Eagles) 20–10Won Conference Championship (Vikings) 41–0Lost Super Bowl XXXV (Ravens) 34–7 *

—

 2001

2001

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd

7

9

0

—

Michael Strahan (NFL DPOY)[24]

 2002

2002

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd #

10

6

0

Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at 49ers) 39–38

—

 2003

2003

NFL

NFC

East

 4th

4

12

0

—

—

 2004

2004

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd

6

10

0

—

—

 2005

2005

NFL

NFC

East +

 1st +

11

5

0

Lost Wild Card Playoffs (Panthers) 23–0

—

 2006

2006

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd #

8

8

0

Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Eagles) 23–20

—

2007

2007

NFL

NFC *

East

 2nd #

10

6

0

Won  Wild Card Playoffs (at Buccaneers) 24–14Won Divisional Playoffs (at Cowboys) 21–17Won Conference Championship (at Packers) 23–20 (OT)[25]Won Super Bowl XLII (7) (Patriots) 17–14

Eli Manning (Super Bowl XLII MVP)[7]

 2008

2008

NFL

NFC

East +

 1st +

12

4

0

Lost Divisional Playoffs (Eagles) 23–11

—

 2009

2009

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd

8

8

0

—

—

 2010

2010

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd

10

6

0

—

—

 2011

2011

NFL

NFC *

East +

 1st +

9

7

0

Won Wild Card Playoffs (Falcons) 24–2Won Divisional Playoffs (at Packers) 37–20Won Conference Championship (at 49ers) 20–17 (OT)Won Super Bowl XLVI (8) (Patriots) 21–17

Eli Manning (Super Bowl XLVI MVP)[26]

 2012

2012

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd

9

7

0

—

—

 2013

2013

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd

7

9

0

—

—

 2014

2014

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd

6

10

0

—

Odell Beckham Jr. (NFL OROY)[27]

 2015

2015

NFL

NFC

East

 3rd

6

10

0

—

—

 2016

2016

NFL

NFC

East

 2nd #

11

5

0

Lost Wild Card Playoffs (at Packers) 38–13

Eli Manning (Co-NFL WPMOY)[28]

 2017

2017

NFL

NFC

East

4th

3

13

0

—

—

text: Statistics above are current as of December 31, 2017. An em dash (—) indicates that the category is not applicable.

text: All-time records[edit]

text:
New York Giants all-time win–loss records

Statistic

Wins

Losses

Ties

Win %

New York Giants regular season record

687

585

33

.539

New York Giants postseason record

24

25

—

.490

All-time regular and postseason record

711

610

33

.537

text: Notes[edit]

text:
A The NFL did not hold playoff games until 1932. The team that finished with the best regular season record was awarded the league championship.[29]
B In 1933, the league split into East and West divisions.[29]
C In 1950, the league switched to American and National conferences.[30]
D This was the first championship game in NFL history where an  overtime period was played, and has been nicknamed "The Greatest Game Ever Played".[11][31]
E In 1978, the NFL expanded its regular season schedule, which had been 14 games since 1961, to 16 games.[32]
F Due to the 1982 NFL strike, the league was split into two conferences, instead of its usual divisional alignment. The season was shortened to nine games, and the top eight teams in each conference earned berths in an expanded 16-team playoff tournament.[33]
G The Giants, Dallas Cowboys, and Washington Redskins finished the 1985 season with identical 10–6 records. Dallas was awarded the NFC East title because they had the best head-to-head record among the three teams. The Giants were awarded a wild card berth because of their record in NFC play, while Washington did not qualify for the playoffs due to a head-to-head loss against the San Francisco 49ers, who also finished 10–6.[34]
H The 1987 NFL strike caused the schedule to be reduced to 15 games.[35]
I The Giants, Philadelphia Eagles, Los Angeles Rams (NFC West), and New Orleans Saints (NFC West) finished the 1988 season with identical 10–6 records. Philadelphia was awarded the NFC East title due to a head-to-head sweep of the Giants in regular season play, while Los Angeles was awarded a wild card berth based on winning percentage in NFC play. The Giants and Saints did not qualify for the playoffs.[36]


document_title: Lucky Man (Emerson, Lake & Palmer song)

question_text: who sang what a lucky man he was

question_tokens: who sang what a lucky man he was

text: Lucky Man (Emerson, Lake & Palmer song)

text: Background and composition[edit]

text: The origin of the song, as stated by Greg Lake in interviews, is that it was the first song he wrote, when his mother bought him a guitar at the age of 12. With the first chords he learned (D, A minor, E minor, and G), he wrote an acoustic version of the song. The song came to be used on Emerson, Lake & Palmer's debut album when they needed one more song. Greg played the version he had written from childhood, and the rest of the band did not like it, or feel it would fit. Lake then worked on it in the studio with Carl Palmer. Lake added numerous overdubs of bass, triple-tracked acoustic guitars, electric guitar, and harmony vocals until it sounded like a record. This version of the song is featured on the deluxe edition, it has a second electric guitar solo in place of where Emerson would later overdub his Moog solo.

text: Unlike several songs on the album, which use a distorted fuzz bass to sound like a guitar, "Lucky Man" is an acoustic ballad.[2] The lyrics tell the story of a man who had everything, went to war, and died.[1] A Moog synthesizer solo, recorded in one take,[1] is performed by Keith Emerson at the end of song, making it one of the first rock compositions in which a Moog was a featured solo instrument.[3][4] The solo begins as an ominous drone on a low D before leaping up two octaves and using the glide control throughout.[5]

text: When asked in an interview if he felt "lucky" to have written the song, Lake responded:

text: I did write “Lucky Man” when I was 12. My mum bought me a guitar and I was very lucky in that sense, the answer was yes instead of no. There was the first bit of luck because had the answer been no, my life would have probably been totally different. I got the guitar and I learned the first four chords that were D, G, A Minor and E Minor and with those chords I wrote “Lucky Man”. I truly cannot remember everything about writing it other than I think it struck me as being a sort of minstrel type of event with these chords, G, D, E Minor and A Minor, gave me this sort of minstrel feeling. “Lucky Man” has kind of an almost medieval element tone to it. It is like a medieval folk song in a way. That was the essence of the idea. I wrote the song in its entirety and I finished it and I remembered it. As far as its significance regarding me and how lucky I was, I suppose it does really. You cannot disassociate the tune, the song has been very lucky for me. It came about because of a piece of good fortune, which was my mother giving me the guitar and it has been lucky for me ever since. I would say if I was going to be honest, I have been very lucky in life. I certainly have been.[6]

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: "Lucky Man" was released in 1970 and reached number 48 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100,[7] number 25 in Canada,[8] and number 14 in the Netherlands.[9] The single was re-released in January 1973 and peaked at number 51 on the U.S. Hot 100[7] and number 71 in Canada.[10] In a 1971 issue of Billboard, the song was described as being "loaded with programming appeal and should make its mark on the sales charts."[11] In a review of the 2004 film Moog, MTV's Kurt Loder said "'Lucky Man' demonstrated for delighted keyboard players everywhere that it was at last possible for them to blow amp-shredding lead guitarists right off the stage, if they so chose."[12] Former Moog technician David Van Koevering praised "Lucky Man" as the instrument's "big breakthrough" in popular music.[13] Emerson, however, has remained somewhat embarrassed about the song, saying "That's the solo I've had to live with!"[13] He noted that during the recording of the solo, he was "just jamming around," and was "devastated" to learn that it was going to be used in the final version of the song without having the chance to record another take, as all the tracks had been used.[13]

text: When called upon to play Lucky Man in concerts in later years, Emerson found he was not sure how the solo went:

text: ...late 70s I hadn't played the solo from Lucky Man for quite a long time, so I actually called up Keyboard Magazine. I knew they'd done a transcription of the solo; "do you think I could have a copy of the solo from Lucky Man?" They said "What? Keith Emerson wants a copy of..." I hadn't played it...they managed to transcribe it quite accurately...I said "it'll save me time if you send me what you came up with..." So that was it. Thank you Keyboard Magazine and Dominic Milano, I think.[14]

text: Live versus studio versions[edit]

text: Lucky Man is not performed in concert the way it was recorded. Emerson explains:

text: It is a shame that we really can’t perform it the same way it is on the album. There’s a lot of double-tracked vocals. Greg’s playing electric, bass and acoustic guitar on it. If we had really thought about it, and we ourselves, had wanted to release it as a single, then we would have considered these points, and possibly re-arranged it so we could have done it some way on stage. Now we come out and people want to hear it. Greg performs it as an acoustic piece and I guess it's rather disappointing to some people because they want to hear the recorded version. There we were, in the position of it having been released and us not knowing that people want to hear it, and the way it was done on the album being impossible for us to do on stage.[15]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The introductory track on Flower Travellin' Band's 1972 album Made in Japan is an advertisement for a concert at Stanley Park Stadium by Flower Travellin' Band, Emerson, Lake & Palmer, Bob Seger and Teegarden & Van Winkle, with a clip of "Lucky Man" playing in the background.

text: The song appeared in the love scene at the end of the German film NVA (2005).

text: The song is referenced in Sun Kil Moon's 2008 album April, in a song of the same name.

text: In 2010, the song appeared in The Simpsons episode "Million Dollar Maybe", where Homer Simpson found an Emerson, Lake & Palmer CD and sang to the song as he drove.

text: It is used as the closing theme music on CBC Radio One's The Next Chapter.

text: In 2013, the song appeared on American television as the background music in a VW Passat commercial.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Lucky Man" (Lake) - 4:35
"Knife-Edge" (Emerson, Frazer, Janáček, Lake) - 5:04

text:
"Lucky Man" (Lake) - 4:35
"From The Beginning" (Lake) - 5:04

text: Personnel[edit]

text:
Keith Emerson: piano, Moog synthesizer
Greg Lake: acoustic guitar, electric guitar, bass, vocals
Carl Palmer: drums, percussion

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1971)
Peak
position

Canadian Singles Chart[8]
25

Dutch Top 40[9]
14

U.S. Billboard Hot 100[7]
48

US Cashbox Top Singles[16]
65

Chart (1973)
Peak
position

Canadian Singles Chart[10]
71

U.S. Billboard Hot 100[7]
51

US Cashbox Top Singles[16]
63


document_title: Dimming of the Day

question_text: who wrote the song dimming of the day

question_tokens: who wrote the song dimming of the day

text: Dimming of the Day

text:
"Dimming of the Day"

Song by Richard and Linda Thompson

from the album Pour Down Like Silver

Released
November 1975

Recorded
1975

Genre
British folk rock

Length
7:16

Label
Island

Songwriter(s)
Richard Thompson

Producer(s)
Richard Thompson and John Wood

text: "Dimming of the Day" is a song written by Richard Thompson and performed with his then-wife Linda Thompson on their 1975 album Pour Down Like Silver.

text: It has been covered by the Irish band the Corrs for their Irish-themed fifth studio album Home. Other notable covers include those by Bonnie Raitt, Mary Black, Emmylou Harris, and the Blind Boys of Alabama. It was also featured, performed by Mary Elizabeth Mastrantonio in John Sayles' 1999 film Limbo, being notable as marking an important story beat.

text: The song was also covered by Pink Floyd's David Gilmour in 2002 at his semi-acoustic shows in London's Royal Festival Hall; it was released on his David Gilmour in Concert DVD where he introduced the song as "this one's got nothing what-so-ever to do with me but I like it. It's by Richard Thompson and it's called Dimming of the Day." The Dutch musician Gerard van Maasakkers recorded a version with a text in Brabantine, a Dutch dialect, As't Daluk Donker is (on his CD Zicht, 2006). Tom Jones performed the song in a concert broadcast by BBC4 and also on his 2012 album Spirit in the Room. Another version is by Alison Krauss & Union Station on their album Paper Airplane. A new duet version is on the debut album of singer/actress Anastasia Barzee, and the album takes the name of this song.


document_title: List of James Bond novels and short stories

question_text: what was ian fleming's last bond book

question_tokens: what was ian fleming 's last bond book

text: Ian Fleming[edit]

text: During World War II Fleming had mentioned to friends that he wanted to write a spy novel,[1] but it was not until 17 February 1952 that he began to write his first novel, Casino Royale. He started writing his book at his Jamaican home Goldeneye, typing out 2,000 words in the morning, directly from his own experiences and imagination;[2] he finished work on the manuscript in just over two months,[3] completing it on 18 March 1952.[4] Publishers Jonathan Cape were initially reluctant to publish the book, but were persuaded by Fleming's brother Peter (1907–1971), who had previously published material through them.[5] On 13 April 1953 Casino Royale was released in the UK in hardcover, priced at 10s, 6d,[6] with a cover that had been devised by Fleming himself.[7] The first edition of 4,728 copies of Casino Royale sold out in less than a month;[7] a second print run the same month also sold out,[6] as did a third run of more than 8,000 books published in May 1954.[8] At the time, Fleming was the Foreign Manager for Kemsley Newspapers, an organisation which owned The Sunday Times. Upon accepting the job, Fleming requested that he be allowed three months' holiday per year, which allowed him the freedom to write.[1]

text: The novel centred on the exploits of James Bond, an intelligence officer in the 00 section of the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. Bond was also known by his code number, 007, and was a Royal Naval Reserve Commander. Fleming took the name for his character from that of the American ornithologist James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and author of the definitive field guide Birds of the West Indies.[9] Fleming based his creation on a number of individuals he came across during his time in the Naval Intelligence Division during World War II, admitting that Bond "was a compound of all the secret agents and commando types I met during the war".[10] After the publication of Casino Royale, Fleming used his annual holiday at his house in Jamaica to write another Bond story;[1] in total, between 1953 and 1966, two years after his death, twelve Bond novels and two short-story collections were published, with the last two books—The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy and The Living Daylights—published posthumously.[11]

text: Books, by publication sequence[edit]

text:
Title
Author
Publisher
Date
Length (first edition)
Plot
Ref.

Casino Royale
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001953-04-13-000013 April 1953
213 !213 pp
James Bond is sent to play against and bankrupt Le Chiffre, the paymaster for a SMERSH-controlled trade union, in a high-stakes baccarat game in France. With help from CIA agent Felix Leiter, Bond wins the game, but is betrayed by Vesper Lynd, a double agent. Lynd falls in love with Bond and, instead of betraying him, commits suicide.
[12]

Live and Let Die
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001954-04-05-00005 April 1954
234 !234 pp
Bond is sent to the United States to investigate "Mr. Big", an agent of SMERSH and an underworld voodoo leader who is suspected of selling 17th century gold coins to finance Soviet spy operations in America. Bond's friend and CIA ally, Felix Leiter, is captured and fed to a shark whilst Mr. Big's fortune-telling girlfriend, Solitaire, runs off with Bond. Solitaire is captured by Mr. Big, but Bond saves her and blows up Mr. Big's yacht with a limpet mine.
[13]

Moonraker
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001955-04-05-00005 April 1955
256 !256 pp
Bond joins M at Blades to stop a member, Sir Hugo Drax, cheating at bridge. Bond is subsequently seconded onto Drax's staff on the "Moonraker", Britain's first nuclear missile project. Bond discovers that Drax is an ex-Nazi, working for the Soviets; he also establishes that the rocket is not a defence, but is to be used by Drax to destroy London. Bond re-targets the rocket, sending it into the North Sea, where it kills Drax.
[14]

Diamonds Are Forever
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001956-03-26-000026 March 1956
257 !257 pp
Bond follows a diamond smuggling ring to America and establishes it is run by an American gang, "The Spangled Mob". He closes down the pipeline by killing one of the heads of the gang, Seraffimo Spang, in a train crash; he then travels to Sierra Leone to kill the other head of the gang, Jack Spang.
[15]

From Russia, with Love
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001957-04-08-00008 April 1957
253 !253 pp
Bond is targeted by SMERSH to be killed in a compromising situation on the Orient Express. He is lured to Istanbul by an attractive young cipher clerk, Corporal Tatiana Romanova, who claims to be defecting and bringing a Spektor, a Russian decoding device much coveted by MI6. Returning to London by train Bond meets SMERSH assassin, Red Grant, pretending to be a fellow British agent. Grant drugs Romanova and attempts to kill Bond, but fails: instead Bond kills Grant. Bond is then nearly killed by Colonel Rosa Klebb, one of the SMERSH planners, before he manages to capture her.
[16]

Dr. No
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001958-03-31-000031 March 1958
256 !256 pp
Commander John Strangways, the head of MI6 Station J in Kingston, Jamaica, and his secretary both disappear and Bond is sent to investigate the matter. Bond finds they had been investigating the activities of Dr. Julius No, a reclusive Chinese-German who lives on Crab Key and runs a guano mine. Bond suspects a connection to the disappearances and, with the assistance of his old friend Quarrel, Bond visits Crab Key. He is captured by Dr. No and establishes that No has been sabotaging American missile tests at nearby Cape Canaveral. Bond escapes and kills No.
[17]

Goldfinger
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001959-03-23-000023 March 1959
318 !318 pp
Bond investigates the activities of Auric Goldfinger, a gold smuggler whom M suspects of being connected to SMERSH and financing their western networks with his gold. Bond is captured by Goldfinger and forced to work as a secretary to oversee "Operation Grand Slam", the stealing of the United States gold reserves from Fort Knox. Bond manages to alert the US authorities through his friend, Felix Leiter, and the plot is foiled.
[18]

For Your Eyes Only
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001960-04-11-000011 April 1960
252 !252 pp
"From a View to a Kill" Bond investigates the murder of a motorcycle dispatch-rider and the theft of his top-secret documents by a motorcycle-riding assassin.
"For Your Eyes Only" Bond avenges the murder of M's closest friends.
"Quantum of Solace" Bond is told a story of a failed marriage with an emotive twist.
"Risico" Bond investigates a drug-smuggling operation run by the Russians.
"The Hildebrand Rarity" Bond helps find a rare fish for an obnoxious millionaire who is subsequently murdered.
[19]

Thunderball
Ian Fleming[nb 1]
Jonathan Cape
000000001961-03-27-000027 March 1961
253 !253 pp
An international, non-aligned terrorist organisation, SPECTRE, has hijacked a NATO plane and seized its two nuclear bombs, which it uses to blackmail the western world. Bond is sent to the Bahamas, where he joins forces with Felix Leiter. Bond meets "Domino" Vitali, the sister of the pilot whose bombs were stolen, who is also the mistress of a wealthy treasure hunter, Emilio Largo. Bond and Leiter suspect Largo and, using a nuclear submarine, track him to the bombs: whilst the submarine's crew fight Largo's crew, Bond battles with Largo and is overpowered, but before Largo can finish Bond off, Domino shoots him with a spear gun.
[20]

Spy Who Loved Me !The Spy Who Loved Me
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001962-04-16-000016 April 1962
221 !221 pp
A young woman is alone, working at a motel when two thugs, hired by the owner, turn up to burn it down for the insurance. They are about to rape the woman when Bond turns up and stops them. Later that night, Bond is attacked, but kills both the thugs.
[21]

On Her Majesty's Secret Service
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001963-04-01-00001 April 1963
288 !288 pp
Bond continues to search for Ernst Stavro Blofeld after the Thunderball incident. Through contact with the College of Arms in London Bond finds Blofeld based in Switzerland with a co-conspirator, Irma Bunt. After meeting him and discovering his latest plans, Bond attacks the centre where he is based, although Blofeld escapes in the confusion. Bond meets and falls in love with Contessa Teresa "Tracy" di Vicenzo during the story and the pair marry, but Blofeld kills Bond's new wife hours after the ceremony.
[22]

You Only Live Twice
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001964-03-16-000016 March 1964
255 !255 pp
After the murder of his wife, Bond begins to let his life slide. M gives him a last chance of redemption, to persuade the Japanese to share radio transmissions captured from the Soviet Union. The Japanese agree, but only if Bond kills Dr. Guntram Shatterhand, who operates a politically embarrassing "Garden of Death" in an ancient castle. Bond recognises Shatterhand and his wife as Blofeld and Bunt and he infiltrates their castle. He kills Blofeld and escapes, although he is injured as the castle explodes; his injury leaves him with amnesia and he lives as a Japanese fisherman until he travels to Russia to find out about his past.
[23]

Man with the Golden Gun !The Man with the Golden Gun
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001965-04-01-00001 April 1965
221 !221 pp
Bond returns to London having been brainwashed by the Russians and assigned to kill M: the attempt ends in failure. To re-prove his worth, M sends him to Jamaica with the seemingly impossible mission of killing Francisco "Pistols" Scaramanga, a Cuban assassin who is believed to have killed several British secret agents. Bond uncovers a larger plot to de-stabilise the region using KGB support and, having killed the American gangsters and KGB representative, also completes his mission with the killing of Scaramanga.
[24]

Octopussy and The Living Daylights
Ian Fleming
Jonathan Cape
000000001966-06-23-000023 June 1966
094 !94 pp
The first edition contained only two stories: "Octopussy" and "The Living Daylights"; subsequent editions have also contained "The Property of a Lady" and "007 in New York".
"Octopussy" Bond tracks down a World War II hero who had murdered his friend to steal a cache of Nazi gold.
"The Living Daylights" Bond is assigned sniper duty, but when he sees the sniper is a beautiful woman, he shoots the butt of her rifle instead of killing her.
"The Property of a Lady" Bond visits Sotheby's to identify a KGB agent.
"007 in New York" Bond warns a female MI6 employee that her new boyfriend is a KGB agent.

[25]

text: Short stories[edit]

text: In the summer of 1958, the CBS television network commissioned Fleming to write episodes of a television show based on the James Bond character. This deal came about after the success of the 1954 television adaptation of Casino Royale as an episode of the CBS television series Climax![26] Fleming agreed to the deal, and began to write outlines for the series; however, CBS later dropped the idea.[27] In January and February 1959 Fleming adapted four of the television plots into short stories and added a fifth story he had written in the summer of 1958.[28] The stories were originally titled The Rough with the Smooth, although this was changed to For Your Eyes Only for publication, which included the subtitle Five Secret Occasions in the Life of James Bond.[26]

text: After Fleming's death, a second collection featuring two short stories was released, Octopussy and The Living Daylights.[29] When the paperback edition of the book was published, "The Property of a Lady" was also included[30] and, by 2002, "007 in New York" had been added to the book by Penguin Books.[31]

text:
James Bond short stories

Title
Earliest publication
Date
Ref.

"From a View to a Kill"
Daily Express (as "James Bond and the Murder Before Breakfast")
000000001959-09-21-000021 – 25 September 1959
[32]

"Quantum of Solace"
Cosmopolitan
000000001959-05-01-0000May 1959
[33]

"The Hildebrand Rarity"
Playboy
000000001960-03-01-0000March 1960
[34]

"For Your Eyes Only"
For Your Eyes Only
000000001960-04-11-000011 April 1960

"Risico"
Daily Express (as "The Double Take")
000000001960-04-11-000011 – 15 April 1960
[35]

"The Living Daylights"[nb 2]
The Sunday Times colour supplement
000000001962-02-04-00004 February 1962
[37]

"007 in New York"[nb 3]
New York Herald Tribune
000000001963-10-01-0000October 1963
[41]

"The Property of a Lady"
The Ivory Hammer (Sotheby's annual)
000000001963-11-01-0000November 1963
[40]

"Octopussy"
Posthumously serialised in Daily Express
000000001965-10-04-00004 – 8 October 1965
[42]

text: Fictional chronologies[edit]

text: Independent scholar John Griswold constructed a "high-level chronology of James Bond's life", based on the logic of depicted events and actual time periods referred to in the books.[43][nb 4] This chronology differs from the publication sequence.[44] Griswold also deliberately discounts the chronological significance of actual historic events mentioned in the novels and stories, arguing that Fleming made such references for effect without synchronising them accurately to his fiction.[45] Fellow Bond-scholar Henry Chancellor also worked through the Bond chronology, which broadly agrees with Griswold, although there are differences. Chancellor noted that "Fleming was always vague about dates", although the novels are supposed to be set in order of publication.[46]

text:
Bond chronologies

Episode
Griswold chronology[47]
Chancellor chronology[48]

Casino Royale
1.1 !May to July 1951, or May to July 1952
000000001951-01-01-00001951

Live and Let Die
1.2 !January to February 1952
000000001952-01-01-00001952

Moonraker
1.3 !May 1953
000000001953-01-01-00001953

Diamonds Are Forever
1.4 !July to 1 August 1953
000000001954-01-01-00001954

From Russia, with Love
1.5 !June to August 1954
000000001955-01-01-00001955

Dr. No
1.6 !February to March 1956
000000001956-01-01-00001956

Goldfinger
1.7 !April to June 1957
000000001957-01-01-00001957

"Risico"
1.8 !October 1957
000000001957-10-01-0000October 1957

"Quantum of Solace"
1.9 !February 1958
000000001957-10-01-0000October 1957

"The Hildebrand Rarity"
2.1 !April 1958
000000001958-04-01-0000April 1958

"From a View to a Kill"
2.2 !May 1958
000000001958-05-01-0000May 1958

"For Your Eyes Only"
2.3 !September to October 1958
000000001958-10-01-0000October 1958

Thunderball
2.4 !May to June 1959
000000001959-01-01-00001959

"Octopussy"
2.5 !June 1960
000000001960-01-01-00001960

"The Living Daylights"
2.6 !September to October 1960
000000001959-10-01-0000October 1959

"The Property of a Lady"
2.7 !June 1961
000000001961-06-01-0000June 1961

Chapters 1–5 of On Her Majesty's Secret Service
2.8 !September 1961
000000001961-01-01-00001961

"007 in New York"
2.9 !end of September 1961
000000001961-01-01-00001961

Chapters 10–15 of The Spy Who Loved Me[nb 5]
3.1 !October 1961
000000001960-01-01-00001960

Chapters 6–20 of On Her Majesty's Secret Service
3.2 !November 1961 to 1 January 1962
000000001961-01-01-00001961 to 1 January 1962

You Only Live Twice
3.3 !August 1962 to April 1963
000000001962-01-01-00001962–1963

The Man With the Golden Gun
3.4 !November 1963 to February 1964
000000001963-01-01-00001963

text: Post-Fleming James Bond novels[edit]

text: Following Fleming's death in 1964, Glidrose Productions, publishers of the James Bond novels and since renamed Ian Fleming Publications, approached author James Leasor to write a continuation novel, but he declined.[50] Glidrose then commissioned Kingsley Amis, who, under the pseudonym of "Robert Markham", wrote Colonel Sun, which was published on 28 March 1968.[30]

text: In 1973, Glidrose permitted publication of John Pearson's fictional biography of Bond entitled James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007. This book, written in the first person, posits that Bond was a real person about whom Ian Fleming wrote a series of adventures. This is the only Bond work where the author shares copyright with Glidrose.

text: In 1977, the Eon Productions film The Spy Who Loved Me was released and, due to the radical differences between the film and the original novel of the same name, Eon productions authorised a novelization, James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me. The 1979 film Moonraker, which other than the villain's name also substantially diverged from the original source novel, was also produced in novel form, as James Bond and Moonraker; both books were written by screenwriter Christopher Wood.[51]

text:
Title
Author
Publisher
Date
Length (first edition)
Plot
Ref.

Colonel Sun
Amis !Kingsley Amis, as Robert Markham
Jonathan Cape
000000001968-03-01-0000March 1968
255 pp
M is kidnapped and Bond follows the trail to a Greek Aegean island, where he, and Ariadne Alexandrou, a Greek Communist agent, plan to rescue him. M is held by Colonel Sun, a member of the Chinese People's Liberation Army who is in league with a former Nazi, Von Ritcher. Bond battles them both with the help of Ariadne and a friend of her father.
[52]

James Bond: The Authorized Biography of 007
Pearson !John Pearson
Sidgwick & Jackson
000000001973-01-01-00001973
317 pp
A fictional biography. Pearson begins the story with his own discovery that James Bond exists; MI6 had assigned Ian Fleming to write novels based upon the real agent. MI6 instruct Pearson to write 007's biography; he is introduced to a retired James Bond — who is in his fifties, yet healthy, sun-tanned, and with Honeychile Ryder, the heroine of Dr. No. Bond tells his life story to Pearson; this includes the death of Bond's parents, his first MI6 missions and Bond's own reaction to Fleming's books and the films about his adventures. References are made to most of the novels from Casino Royale up to and including Colonel Sun.
[53]

James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me (novelization)
Wood !Christopher Wood
Jonathan Cape
000000001977-07-01-0000July 1977
222 pp
A novelization of The Spy Who Loved Me. Bond investigates the disappearance of British, American and Soviet ballistic-missile submarines, with the help of KGB agent Major Anya Amasova. The pair identify the culprit as Sigmund Stromberg, a shipping tycoon, scientist and anarchist, whom they battle and beat in his undersea Atlantis base.
[54]

James Bond and Moonraker (novelization)
Wood !Christopher Wood
Jonathan Cape
000000001979-01-01-00001979
221 pp
A novelization of Moonraker. Bond investigates the theft of a Space Shuttle, leading him to Hugo Drax, the owner of the shuttle's manufacturing firm. Along with space scientist Dr. Holly Goodhead, Bond follows the trail into outer space to prevent a plot to wipe out the world population and to re-create humanity with a master race.
[54]

text: 1981–96: John Gardner[edit]

text: In the 1980s, the Bond series was initially revived with new novels by John Gardner, although initially he almost turned the series down.[55] Between 1981 and 1996, Gardner went on to write sixteen Bond books in total; two of the books he wrote – Licence to Kill and GoldenEye – were novelizations of Eon Productions films of the same name. Gardner stated that he wanted "to bring Mr Bond into the 1980s",[56] although he retained the ages of the characters as they were when Fleming had left them.[57] Even though Gardner kept the ages the same, he made Bond grey at the temples as a nod to the passing of the years.[58] In 1996, Gardner retired from writing James Bond books due to ill health.[59] With the influence of the American publishers, Putnam's, the Gardner novels showed an increase in the number of Americanisms used in the book, such as a waiter wearing "pants", rather than trousers, in The Man from Barbarossa.[60] James Harker, writing in The Guardian, considered that the Gardner books were "dogged by silliness",[60] giving examples of Scorpius, where much of the action is set in Chippenham, and Win, Lose or Die, where "Bond gets chummy with an unconvincing Maggie Thatcher".[60]

text:
Title
Author
Publisher
Date
Length (first edition)
Plot
Ref.

Licence Renewed
John Gardner
Jonathan Cape
000000001981-05-01-0000May 1981
272 pp
Bond infiltrates the castle of Dr. Anton Murik, a nuclear physicist who is involved with a terrorist named Franco. Murik hired Franco to hijack six nuclear power stations in order to start a meltdown, but the terrorists are prevented from doing so by Bond who, posing as Murik, orders them to abort.
[61]

For Special Services
John Gardner
Jonathan Cape
000000001982-09-01-0000September 1982
256 pp
Bond teams up with CIA agent Cedar Leiter, daughter of Felix, to investigate Markus Bismaquer, who is suspected of reviving SPECTRE. Bond establishes SPECTRE are to take over the NORAD headquarters in order to gain control of America's military space satellite network. Bond foils the plot and finds that Bismaquer's wife, Nena, is the daughter of Blofeld and the head of SPECTRE.
[62]

Icebreaker
John Gardner
Jonathan Cape
000000001983-07-01-0000July 1983
256 pp
Bond is teamed with an alliance of agents from the CIA, the KGB and Mossad to find and stop leader of the National Socialist Action Army (NSAA), Count Konrad von Glöda, an ex-Nazi SS officer who now perceives himself as the new Adolf Hitler.
[63]

Role of Honour
John Gardner
Jonathan Cape
000000001984-10-01-0000October 1984
224 pp
Bond is sacked from MI6 to go undercover and is subsequently hired by SPECTRE. He joins Jay Autem Holy, a SPECTRE agent and becomes involved in a plot to destabilise the Soviet Union and the United States, by forcing them to rid the world of their nuclear weapons: a plot he foils with the help of Miss 'Percy' Proud, a CIA agent.
[64]

Nobody Lives for Ever
John Gardner
Jonathan Cape
000000001986-06-01-0000June 1986
192 pp
A price is put on Bond's head by Tamil Rahani, the current leader of SPECTRE, who is dying from wounds received in Role of Honour. Bond's housekeeper, May, and Moneypenny are both missing and Bond attempts to find them whilst avoiding the assassins who are attempting to kill him.
[65]

No Deals, Mr. Bond
John Gardner
Jonathan Cape
000000001987-05-01-0000May 1987
224 pp
Two women, previously connected to a Cold War mission, are brutally murdered. Bond is subsequently sent by M, "off the record", to find the remaining members of the mission before they suffer the same fate.
[66]

Scorpius
John Gardner
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001988-07-01-0000July 1988
224 pp
Bond is threatened by a cult known as "The Meek Ones", who commit several acts of terrorism including multiple bombings and several assassinations of British politicians. Bond establishes the man behind the cult is an arms dealer, Vladimir Scorpius, who Bond locates and kills.
[67]

Win, Lose or Die
John Gardner
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001989-01-01-00001989
220 pp
The Brotherhood of Anarchy and Secret Terrorism infiltrate and destroy a top-secret British Royal Navy aircraft carrier-based summit between American President George H. W. Bush, British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Russian Premier Mikhail Gorbachev: Bond breaks their hijack and rescues the three leaders.
[68]

Licence to Kill (novelization)
John Gardner
Coronet Books
000000001989-01-01-00001989
224 pp
A novelization of Licence to Kill. Drugs lord Franz Sanchez is caught by Bond and Felix Leiter, but escapes and ambush Leiter and his wife Della: Leiter is maimed by a shark as Della is raped and killed. M orders Bond to a mission in Istanbul but Bond refuses and he is suspended and his 00 licence is revoked. Bond sets out on a revenge mission against Sanchez, surreptitiously helped by MI6 armourer Q.
[69]

Brokenclaw
John Gardner
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001990-07-01-0000July 1990
192 pp
Bond investigates Brokenclaw, a half-Blackfoot, half-Chinese philanthropist and economic terrorist who is trying to start a worldwide economic collapse by attacking the main global currencies. Bond is challenged by Brokenclaw to a torture ritual known as o-kee-pa and kills him using bow and arrows.
[70]

Man from Barbarossa !The Man from Barbarossa
John Gardner
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001991-08-01-0000August 1991
231 pp
Bond teams up with Mossad, the French Secret Service and the KGB to infiltrate a Russian terrorist group called the "Scales of Justice" who are attempting to supply Iraq with nuclear weapons before the United Nations-led coalition invades.
[71]

Death is Forever
John Gardner
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001992-07-01-0000July 1992
224 pp
James Bond and CIA agent Elizabeth Zara "Easy" St. John are assigned to track down the surviving members of "Cabal", a Cold War-era intelligence network that received a mysterious and unauthorised signal to disband.
[72]

Never Send Flowers
John Gardner
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001993-07-01-0000July 1993
256 pp
Bond investigates the murder of a member of the Secret Service and connects the death to four political assassinations that take place within a week. Bond discovers a link with a former actor, David Dragonpol, who is responsible for the deaths.
[73]

SeaFire
John Gardner
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001994-08-01-0000August 1994
247 pp
Bond investigates Max Tarn, a billionaire business tycoon who is determined to reunite Germany under a new Fourth Reich. Tarn is also involved in eco-terrorism with a massive oil spill fire in Puerto Rico. Bond averts the ecological damage and kills Tarn.
[74]

GoldenEye (novelization)
John Gardner
Coronet Books
000000001995-10-01-0000October 1995
218 pp
A novelization of GoldenEye. Nine years after a mission which saw the death of his colleague 006, Bond investigates the theft of a prototype Eurocopter Tiger helicopter and its subsequent use in the attack on the Russian command bunker that controls the GoldenEye satellite weapon. Bond finds the crime syndicate behind the theft and attack is run by 006, who is trying to destroy London's financial centre which will cover a large-scale bank theft.
[69]

Cold
John Gardner
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001996-05-01-0000May 1996
264 pp
The crash of a Boeing 747-400 at Dulles International Airport and the supposed death of Bond's friend and former lover, the Principessa Sukie Tempesta leads Bond on a personal revenge mission that uncovers a fanatical society, COLD: the Children of the Last Days.
[75]

text: 1996–2002: Raymond Benson[edit]

text: In 1996, American author Raymond Benson became the writer of the Bond novels. Benson had previously written The James Bond Bedside Companion, first published in 1984,[76] and had also written scenarios and support material for the early 1980s 007 James Bond dice-and-paper role playing game. By the time he moved on to other, non-Bond related projects in 2002, Benson had written six Bond novels, three novelizations and three short stories.[77] Benson followed Gardner's pattern of setting Bond in the contemporary timeframe of the 1990s[78] and, according to academic Jeremy Black, had more echoes of Fleming's style than John Gardner.[79]

text: Benson also changed Bond's gun back to the Walther PPK,[80] put him behind the wheel of a Jaguar XK8[81] and made him swear more,[82] which led Black to note that there was an increased level of crudity lacking in either Fleming or Gardner.[79] However, commenting in The Australian, Peter Janson-Smith, Fleming's former literary agent, noted that Benson "has got the Fleming feel ... It's as close to Fleming as I have seen."[83] The Peterborough Evening Telegraph agreed, stating that with Benson's 007, in keeping more with Fleming, "PC-ness goes out the window and it's a more ruthless Bond with bad habits."[84] The Sunday Mercury in 1999 said, "Benson has made Bond less gimmicky, concentrating on the action rather than the gadgets. The result is a slick enough read for dedicated Bond fans who like blazing guns (Walthers, of course) and beautiful women"[85] and Kirkus Reviews called Benson's 007 "a chip off the old block and, if not a gilt-edged Bond, at least a double-A."[86]

text:
Title
Author
Publisher
Date
Length (first edition)
Plot
Ref.

Blast From the Past !"Blast From the Past" (short story)
Raymond Benson
Playboy
000000001997-01-01-0000January 1997
—
Bond receives a message, apparently from James Suzuki, his son, asking him to come to New York City on a matter of urgency. When Bond arrives, he finds his son murdered. He learns that James was killed in revenge by Irma Bunt for the murder of Blofeld. Bond meets and kills Bunt.
[80]

Zero Minus Ten
Raymond Benson
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001997-04-01-0000April 1997
259 pp
Ten days before Britain returns Hong Kong, a series of terrorist attacks occur. Bond establishes that behind them is wealthy shipping magnate Guy Thackeray, whose company is taken over by the Chinese. By way of revenge, Thackeray plans to detonate a nuclear weapon in Hong Kong: Bond disarms the bomb and kills Thackeray.
[87]

Tomorrow Never Dies (novelization)
Raymond Benson
Coronet Books
000000001997-11-01-0000November 1997
213 pp
A novelization of Tomorrow Never Dies. Bond investigates media baron Elliot Carver, who is trying to create news by causing a war between Britain and China, which would also allow him broadcasting rights in China. Bond joins forces with Wai Lin, a Chinese agent, to defeat Carver and avoid war.
[88]

Facts of Death !The Facts of Death
Raymond Benson
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001998-05-01-0000May 1998
284 pp
Sinister organisation The Decada are behind a series of poisonings aimed at British and Turkish military personnel. Bond tracks the head of the organisation to Greece where he is trying to cause a war between Greece and Turkey, which Bond stops.
[89]

Midsummer Night's Doom !"Midsummer Night's Doom" (short story)
Raymond Benson
Playboy
000000001999-01-01-0000January 1999
009 !9 pp
Bond attends a party at Playboy founder Hugh Hefner's Playboy Mansion in Beverly Hills, California where Ministry of Defence secrets are expected to be sold to a representative of the Russian Mafia.
[82]

High Time to Kill
Raymond Benson
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001999-05-01-0000May 1999
304 pp
A top secret British formula hidden in microfilm, codenamed "Skin 17" was stolen by two traitors who plan to sell it to the terrorist organisation "The Union". The microfilm is on a plane that crashes in the Himalayas and Bond climbs Mount Kangchenjunga to retrieve it. He battles a traitor in the climbing team, but retrieves the secret.
[90]

Live at Five !"Live at Five" (short story)
Raymond Benson
TV Guide (American edition)
000000001999-11-01-0000November 1999
—
On the way to a date with a female television news reporter, 007 recalls how he once helped a Russian figure skating champion defect in full view of television cameras.
[91]

World Is Not Enough !The World Is Not Enough (novelization)
Raymond Benson
Hodder & Stoughton
000000001999-11-01-0000November 1999
200 pp
A novelization of The World Is Not Enough. Bond is tasked with protecting Elektra King after the murder of her father inside the MI6 building. Bond establishes a connection between her head of security and the international terrorist Renard, who is stealing plutonium in order to destroy Istanbul on behalf of Elektra. Bond kills both Renard and Elektra.
[88]

DoubleShot
Raymond Benson
Hodder & Stoughton
000000002000-05-01-0000May 2000
320 pp
After he foiled their plans, terrorist organisation The Union target Bond with a plan to plunge Britain into war and destroy Bond's reputation in the process by having a Bond double kill the British Prime Minister and the Governor of Gibraltar. Bond uncovers the plan and kills the double, preventing the assassinations.
[92]

Never Dream of Dying
Raymond Benson
Hodder & Stoughton
000000002001-11-01-0000November 2001
320 pp
Bond is again in the hunt for The Union and is chasing Le Gerant, the Blind head of the organisation. After a police raid goes wrong René Mathis goes after Le Gerant, followed by Bond.
[93]

Man with the Red Tattoo !The Man with the Red Tattoo
Raymond Benson
Hodder & Stoughton
000000002002-05-01-0000May 2002
320 pp
Bond is in Japan to protect the prime minister at a conference and to investigate mysterious deaths in the McMahon family, who ran pharmaceutical giant CureLab. Bond reunites with Tiger Tanaka to pursue terrorist Goro Yoshida who is using biological weapons to punish Western society and plots an end to western domination. Bond kills him and negates any threats.
[94]

Die Another Day (novelization)
Raymond Benson
Coronet Books
000000002002-11-01-0000November 2002
245 pp
A novelization of Die Another Day. Bond investigates the North Korean Colonel Tan-Sun Moon and tracks his assistant Zao to clinic where his appearance is altered. Bond finds diamonds on Zao bearing the crest of British billionaire Gustav Graves and establishes Graves is the facially-reconstructed Moon, who is attempting to reunite North and South Korea by force, which Bond stops, killing Moon in the process.
[88]

text: Glidrose twice approached Lee Child, author of the Jack Reacher novels, about writing a Bond novel but he turned them down.[95] Ian Fleming Publications then commissioned Sebastian Faulks to write a continuation novel, which was released on 28 May 2008, the 100th anniversary of Ian Fleming's birth.[96] The book—titled Devil May Care—was published in the UK by Penguin Books and by Doubleday in the US.[97] Faulks ignored the timeframe established by Gardner and Benson and instead reverted to that used by Fleming and Amis, basing his novel in the 1960s;[78] he also managed to use a number of the cultural touchstones of the sixties in the book.[98] Faulks was true to Bond's original character and background too, and provided "a Flemingesque hero"[78] who drove a battleship grey 1967 T-series Bentley.[81]

text: The American writer Jeffery Deaver was then commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to produce Carte Blanche, which was published on 26 May 2011.[99] The book updated Bond working for a post-9/11 agency, independent of MI5 or MI6.[100] On 26 September 2013 the novel Solo, by William Boyd was published in the UK and by HarperCollins in Canada and the US; the book was once again set in the 1960s.[101][102] In October 2014 it was announced that Anthony Horowitz was to write a further Bond instalment. The novel, titled Trigger Mortis, is set in the 1950s, and it contains material written, but previously unreleased, by Fleming.[103] In February 2018, it was announced that a second Horowitz novel, again building upon unpublished Fleming and this time a prequel to Casino Royale, titled Forever and a Day would be published by Jonathan Cape on 31 May 2018.[104]

text:
Title
Author
Publisher
Date
Length (first edition)
Plot
Ref.

Devil May Care
Faulks !Sebastian Faulks
Penguin
000000002008-05-01-0000May 2008
295 pp
Bond investigates Julius Gorner, a businessman who is producing heroin that threatens England, as well as wanting to attack the Soviets, who will retaliate against Britain. Bond foils the plot and kills Gorner.
[97]

Carte Blanche
Deaver !Jeffery Deaver
Hodder & Stoughton
000000002011-05-01-0000May 2011
448 pp
Bond investigates the activities of Severan Hydt, a waste-disposal magnate. Hydt had been tasked by an American pharmaceutical company to detonate a device at a British university to kill a researcher who was on the verge of creating a drug to cure cancer. Bond foiled the plot and a second plot to use food aid to give the Sudanese government a pretext to go to war with rebels and prevent Southern Sudan from seceding.
[100]

Solo
Boyd !William Boyd
Jonathan Cape
000000002013-09-01-0000September 2013
336 pp
Bond tries to stop a civil war in the fictional country of Zanzarim. Although the civil war finishes without Bond's help, he is shot and left for dead by a mercenary, Kobus Breed and Efua Blessing Ogilvy-Grant, who Bond thought was the MI6 representative in the country. Bond traces the pair to the USA, and goes on a revenge mission to kill them; he is picked up by the CIA who inform him Ogilvy-Grant is a CIA operative. He meets Ogilvy-Grant, who informs him that she shot to wound, not kill. Bond traces Breed, who has been smuggling heroin into the country.
[102]

Trigger Mortis
Horowitz !Anthony Horowitz[105]
Orion Publishing
000000002015-09-01-0000September 2015
320 pp
Bond takes on a mission involving the Space Race two weeks after the events of Goldfinger, encountering Pussy Galore along the way.
[106]

Forever and a Day
Horowitz !Anthony Horowitz[107]
Jonathan Cape
000000002018-05-01-0000May 2018

A prequel to Casino Royale.
[108]

text: Young Bond[edit]

text: The Young Bond series of novels was started by Charlie Higson[109] and, between 2005 and 2009, five novels and one short story were published.[110] The first Young Bond novel, SilverFin was also adapted and released as a graphic novel on 2 October 2008 by Puffin Books.[111] Comic book artist Kev Walker illustrated Higson's novel.[112] Young Bond is set in the 1930s, which would fit the chronology with that of Fleming.[113]

text:
I deliberately steered clear of anything post Fleming. My books are designed to fit in with what Fleming wrote and nothing else. I also didn't want to be influenced by any of the other books ... for now my Bible is Fleming.

Charlie Higson[114]

tag: div

text: Higson stated that he was instructed by the Fleming estate to ignore all other interpretations of Bond, except the original Fleming version.[115] As the background to Bond's childhood, Higson used Bond's obituary in You Only Live Twice as well as his own and Fleming's childhoods.[116] In forming the early Bond character, Higson created the origins of some of Bond's character traits, including his love of cars and fine wine.[115]

text: In October 2013 Ian Fleming Publications announced that Stephen Cole would continue the series, with the first edition scheduled to be released in Autumn 2014.[117] The title was later confirmed as Shoot to Kill with a release date of 6 November 2014, and it was further confirmed that Cole would be credited as Steve Cole for the release.[118]

text:
Title
Author
Publisher
Date
Length (first edition)
Plot
Ref.

SilverFin
Charlie Higson
Puffin Books
000000002005-03-01-0000March 2005
372 pp
Bond meets Lord Randolph Hellebore, an arms dealer and father of fellow Etonian George Hellebore; Hellebore has a castle near to Bond's new home in Scotland and, whilst on holiday, Bond investigates the disappearance of local boy Alfie Kelly. Bond soon finds out that Hellebore is involved in creating a pill to create better and stronger soldiers by manipulating the endocrine system and had tested this pill on Alfie, but that Alfie had died. With help, Bond brings an end to the tests.
[119]

Blood Fever
Charlie Higson
Puffin Books
000000002006-01-01-0000January 2006
384 pp
Whilst on a school trip to Sardinia, Bond comes up against the Millenaria, a secret Italian society that has plans to restore the Roman Empire. Bond meets Count Ugo Carnifex, the head of the Millenaria who tortures him by using mosquitoes. Bond escapes, rescuing the sister of a fellow Etonian in the process and Carnifex's castle is destroyed by an embittered employee.
[120]

Double or Die
Charlie Higson
Puffin Books
000000002007-01-01-0000January 2007
389 pp
A master from Eton is kidnapped and sends a letter back to his boys with cryptic clues about his kidnap. Bond's roommate Pritpal Nandra solves most of the clues whilst Bond and fellow school friend Perry Mandeville go in search of the missing master. Bond finds the master, who has been kidnapped by the Russians in order to build a prototype computer and, with help, manages to rescue him.
[121]

Hurricane Gold
Charlie Higson
Puffin Books
000000002007-09-01-0000September 2007
372 pp
Bond is on holiday with his aunt when the house in which he is staying is violently burgled and two children are kidnapped. Bond give chase and is captured, but convinces them he is a local street thug and they allow him to join the gang. One of the children is ill and a villain has a change of heart and smuggles him away to a local hospital: Bond eventually rescues the second child. The pair then chase the one remaining gangster to an island retreat for villains where Bond runs La Avenida de Muerte in order to escape.
[122]

By Royal Command
Charlie Higson
Puffin Books
000000002008-09-01-0000September 2008
354 pp
Bond travels to Kitzbühel, Austria on an Eton school trip, but is under surveillance for the journey. On his return to Eton Bond foils a plot to assassinate King George V. Still under surveillance, Bond falls in love with a communist maid at Eton and they are eventually forced to flee back to Austria, from where the plot originated.
[123]

SilverFin
Charlie Higson & Kevin Walker
Puffin Books
000000002008-10-01-0000October 2008
155 pp
The graphic novel of SilverFin: Bond battles Lord Randolph Hellebore and stops Hellebore's research into creating mutant soldiers; he also finds out the fate of a missing local boy in the process—killed during the testing process of Hellebore's drug.
[124]

Man to kill !"A Hard Man to Kill" (short story)
Charlie Higson
Puffin Books
000000002009-10-01-0000October 2009
064 !64 pp
Bond and his Aunt Charmian are travelling back from the Caribbean on the SS Colombie but come across a villain named Emil Lefebvre and a mysterious hooded convict named Caiboche.
[125]

Shoot to Kill
Steve Cole
Random House
000000002014-11-01-0000November 2014
304 !304 pp
After being thrown out of Eton, Bond must briefly attend Dartington Hall, a progressive school in Devon. Here he makes new friends and enemies before leaving the UK for a most extraordinary field trip by zeppelin to Hollywood, Los Angeles where deadly challenges await.
[118][126]

Heads You Die
Steve Cole
Random House
000000002016-05-01-0000May 2016
320 !320 pp

Strike Lightning
Steve Cole
Random House
000000002016-09-01-0000September 2016
288 !288 pp

[127]

Red Nemesis
Steve Cole
Random House
000000002017-05-01-0000May 2017
320 !320 pp