document_title: Castle Rock, Colorado

question_text: how far is denver colorado from castle rock colorado

text: Castle Rock, Colorado

text: History[edit]

text: The region in and around Castle Rock was originally home to the Arapaho and Cheyenne people. They occupied the land between the Arkansas and South Platte Rivers.

text: White settlers were drawn to the area by rumors of gold and by land opened through the Homestead Act of 1862. However, it was the discovery of rhyolite stone, not gold, that ultimately led to the settlement of Castle Rock.

text: Castle Rock was founded in 1874 when the eastern Douglas County border was redrawn to its present location. Castle Rock was chosen as the county seat because of its central location.

text: One of the first homesteaders in the area near today's Castle Rock was Jeremiah Gould. He owned about 160 acres (0.65 km2) to the south of "The (Castle) Rock." At that time, the settlement consisted of just a few buildings for prospectors, workers, and cowboys. In 1874, Jeremiah Gould donated 120 acres (0.49 km2) to the new town that was also now home to the Douglas County government. For the beginning the six streets named Elbert, Jerry, Wilcox, Perry, Castle and Front were laid out to build the actual town of Castle Rock. The Courthouse Square was defined and about 77 lots, each 50 by 112 feet (34 m), were auctioned off for a total profit of US$3,400.

text: A new train depot brought the Denver and Rio Grande Railway to the area.

text: During the late 1800s and early 1900s, Castle Rock had a very active Rhyolite quarrying industry. Many Swedish immigrants arrived in the area to work in the quarries.

text: Castle Rock currently encompasses about 35 square miles (91 km2), with a population of more than 42,000[11] in town and 70,000 in the surrounding area.

text: Geography[edit]

text: Castle Rock is located at 39°22′20″N 104°51′22″W / 39.37222°N 104.85611°W / 39.37222; -104.85611 (39.372212, -104.856090) at an elevation of 6,224 feet (1,897 m).[12] Located in central Colorado at the junction of Interstate 25 and State Highway 86, Castle Rock is 28 mi (45 km) south of downtown Denver and 37 mi (60 km) north of Colorado Springs.[13]

text: The town lies a few miles east of the Rampart Range of the Rocky Mountains on the western edge of the Great Plains.[14][15] Castle Rock, the butte that is the town's namesake, sits just north of the town center.[16] Other prominent landforms visible from Castle Rock include Dawson Butte, Devils Head, Mount Evans and Pikes Peak.

text: East Plum Creek, a stream within the South Platte River watershed, flows generally north through Castle Rock. Hangman's Gulch, which runs northwest then west around the north side of the town center, drains into East Plum Creek as do multiple unnamed gulches in the southern and western areas of town. McMurdo Gulch and Mitchell Gulch run north then northeast through eastern Castle Rock and drain into Cherry Creek east of town.[17]

text: Castle Rock is within the Colorado Foothills Life Zone.[18] The hillsides are covered with large meadows of grass, small plants, scattered juniper trees and open ponderosa pine woodlands. Other trees common in the area include Gambel oak (scrub oak or oak brush) and pinyon pine. Local wildlife includes the American badger, American black bear, bobcat, coyote, Colorado chipmunk, gray fox, mountain cottontail rabbit, mountain lion, mule deer, pocket gopher, porcupine, and skunk. Birds that can be found in the area include the golden eagle, peregrine falcon, sharp-shinned hawk, black-billed magpie, red-tailed hawk, pinyon jay and western tanager.[19]

text: According to the United States Census Bureau, Castle Rock has a total area of 33.79 square miles (87.5 km2), all of it land.[5]

text: Lying within the Front Range Urban Corridor, the town is part of the greater Denver metropolitan area.[20] Castle Rock borders three communities, all to its north; from west to east, these are Castle Pines Village, the city of Castle Pines, and The Pinery.[21][22] Other nearby communities include Franktown to the east, Larkspur to the south, Perry Park to the southwest, and Sedalia to the northwest.[21]

text: Climate[edit]

text: Castle Rock experiences a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk) with cold, dry, snowy winters and hot, wetter summers. On average, the town receives 18.79 inches (477 mm) of precipitation annually. Snowfall averages 61.8 inches (157 cm) per year.[23] On average, January is the coldest month, July is the hottest month, and August is the month with the most precipitation.[24] The hottest temperature recorded in Castle Rock was 99 °F (37 °C) in July 1973; the coldest temperature recorded was −35 °F (−37 °C) in January 1963.[25]

text:
[hide]Climate data for Castle Rock, Colorado

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °F (°C)
73
(23)
75
(24)
80
(27)
91
(33)
94
(34)
98
(37)
99
(37)
98
(37)
94
(34)
91
(33)
78
(26)
71
(22)
99
(37)

Average high °F (°C)
45.5
(7.5)
46.4
(8)
52.6
(11.4)
59.2
(15.1)
69.0
(20.6)
79.0
(26.1)
85.2
(29.6)
82.7
(28.2)
75.6
(24.2)
64.6
(18.1)
53.2
(11.8)
44.7
(7.1)
63.14
(17.31)

Daily mean °F (°C)
31.7
(−0.2)
33.0
(0.6)
39.4
(4.1)
46.0
(7.8)
55.5
(13.1)
64.6
(18.1)
70.4
(21.3)
68.6
(20.3)
60.7
(15.9)
49.6
(9.8)
39.1
(3.9)
31.2
(−0.4)
49.15
(9.53)

Average low °F (°C)
17.8
(−7.9)
19.7
(−6.8)
26.2
(−3.2)
32.7
(0.4)
42.0
(5.6)
50.3
(10.2)
55.7
(13.2)
54.4
(12.4)
45.8
(7.7)
34.6
(1.4)
24.9
(−3.9)
17.6
(−8)
35.14
(1.76)

Record low °F (°C)
−35
(−37)
−29
(−34)
−14
(−26)
−7
(−22)
18
(−8)
28
(−2)
39
(4)
35
(2)
15
(−9)
−3
(−19)
−18
(−28)
−26
(−32)
−35
(−37)

Average precipitation inches (mm)
0.62
(15.7)
0.65
(16.5)
1.83
(46.5)
2.20
(55.9)
2.18
(55.4)
2.05
(52.1)
2.46
(62.5)
2.71
(68.8)
1.24
(31.5)
1.11
(28.2)
1.00
(25.4)
0.74
(18.8)
18.79
(477.3)

Average snowfall inches (cm)
8.2
(20.8)
7.2
(18.3)
14.7
(37.3)
9.2
(23.4)
0.7
(1.8)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0
(0)
0.3
(0.8)
3.5
(8.9)
7.0
(17.8)
11.0
(27.9)
61.8
(157)

Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in)
3.5
3.8
5.3
5.7
7.9
7.6
7.4
9.4
5.8
3.8
3.8
3.9
67.8

Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in)
3.1
3.5
3.9
3.1
0.4
0
0
0
0.3
1.1
2.9
3.7
21.9

Source: National Weather Service;[23] The Weather Channel[24]

text: Neighborhoods[edit]

text: Castle Rock's postal codes include many neighborhoods:

text: Meadows, Founders and Crystal Valley Ranch

text:
North of Downtown / West of I-25

The Meadows
Red Hawk Ridge website
Castle Pines Village website

South of Downtown / West of I-25

Keene Ranch website

North of Downtown / East of I-25

Founders Village website
Escavera website
Diamond Ridge Estates website
Sapphire Pointe / Puma Ridge / Cliffside / Cutter's Ridge website

South of Downtown / East of I-25

Plum Creek website
Castlewood Ranch website
Bell Mountain Ranch website

text: Link to a Map of the Neighborhoods in Castle Rock, Colorado

text: Demographics[edit]

text:
Historical population

Census
Pop.

%±

1880
88

—

1890
315

258.0%

1900
304

−3.5%

1910
365

20.1%

1920
461

26.3%

1930
478

3.7%

1940
580

21.3%

1950
741

27.8%

1960
1,152

55.5%

1970
1,531

32.9%

1980
3,921

156.1%

1990
8,708

122.1%

2000
20,224

132.2%

2010
48,231

138.5%

Est. 2016
57,666
[6]
19.6%

U.S. Decennial Census[26]

text: As of the 2010 census, there were 48,231 people, 16,688 households, and 12,974 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,526.3 people per square mile (589.3/km²). There were 17,626 housing units at an average density of 557.8 per square mile (215.2/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 90.7% White, 1.7% Asian, 1.1% African American, 0.6% American Indian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.9% from other races, and 2.8% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 10.0% of the population.[5]

text: There were 16,688 households out of which 48.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.4% were married couples living together, 3.9% had a male householder with no wife present, 8.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.3% were non-families. 17.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.86, and the average family size was 3.27.[5]

text: In the town, the population was spread out with 32.4% under the age of 18, 5.8% from 18 to 24, 33.0% from 25 to 44, 22.6% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.8 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males age 18 and over.[5]

text: The median income for a household in the town was $85,461, and the median income for a family was $95,973. Males had a median income of $66,993 versus $47,087 for females. The per capita income for the town was $34,089. About 4.0% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.2% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.[5]

text: Castle Rock is the 17th most populous municipality in Colorado and is the center of the burgeoning urbanization of the county.

text: Economy[edit]

text: Many of Castle Rock’s residents work in the Denver Technological Center, better known as "The Denver Tech Center" (DTC), which is an 18-mile drive north on I-25, with Downtown Denver roughly 30 miles north, and Denver International Airport about 45 miles north.

text: As of 2011, 78.2% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 0.4% was in the armed forces, and 77.7% was in the civilian labor force with 72.6% employed and 5.1% unemployed. The composition, by occupation, of the employed civilian labor force was: 48.0% in management, business, science, and arts; 25.8% in sales and office occupations; 14.7% in service occupations; 6.4% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance; 5.2% in production, transportation, and material moving. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were: educational services, health care, and social assistance (15.5%); professional, scientific, and management, and administrative and waste management services (13.2%); and finance and insurance, and real estate and rental and leasing (12.6%).[5]

text: The cost of living in Castle Rock is above average; compared to a U.S. average of 100, the cost of living index for the town is 106.3.[27] As of 2011, the median home value in the town was $278,000, the median selected monthly owner cost was $2,067 for housing units with a mortgage and $492 for those without, and the median gross rent was $1,069.[5]

text: Government[edit]

text: Castle Rock is a Home Rule Municipality with a council-manager form of government. The town council consists of seven members, each representing an election district, elected to four-year terms. One member, appointed by the council, serves as mayor, presiding over council meetings, and another member serves as mayor pro tem. The mayor presides over council meetings and casts one vote, like other council members. The council sets policy for the town, adopts ordinances, approves the town budget, makes major land-use decisions, and appoints key town government staff including the town manager, town attorney, municipal judge, and members of town boards and commissions.[28] The town manager, David Corliss, supervises all departments, prepares and implements the town budget, and works with the council to develop policies and propose new plans.[29]

text: Tax revenues are used to provide general government, fire, police, parks maintenance and programs, street maintenance and operations, support for recreation, and planning and code enforcement services. The town also provides development services, golf, water and sewer services to residents through self-supporting enterprise funds.

text: As the county seat, Castle Rock is the administrative center of Douglas County. The county courthouse, the Douglas County Justice Center, is located north of downtown, and most departments of the county government base their operations in the town.[30][31]

text: As of 2013, Castle Rock lies within Colorado's 4th U.S. Congressional District.[32] For the purposes of representation in the Colorado General Assembly, the town is located in the 4th district of the Colorado Senate and the 45th district of the Colorado House of Representatives.[33]

text: Education[edit]

text: Primary and secondary education[edit]

text: Douglas County School District is based in Castle Rock and operates 18 public schools in the town. These include ten elementary schools, two middle schools, two charter schools, one magnet school, one alternative high school, and two high schools: Castle View High School and Douglas County High School.[34] In addition, there are three private primary schools located in Castle Rock: The Rock Academy (Grades PK-3), School of the Rock (PK-8), and Woodlands Academy (1-8).[35]

text: Libraries[edit]

text: The Douglas County Libraries public library system is based in Castle Rock, co-located with the local branch library, the Philip S. Miller Library, south of downtown. The Miller Library includes the Douglas County History Research Center and offers several educational and recreational programs to the public.[36]

text: Infrastructure[edit]

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Interstate 25 and U.S. Route 87 run concurrently north-south through Castle Rock. U.S. Route 85, also a north-south route, enters the town from the northwest, meeting I-25 at Exit 184; south of the exit, it runs concurrently with I-25 and U.S. 87. Colorado State Highway 86, an east-west route, enters Castle Rock from the east, then turns north and west as Founders Parkway, terminating at its junction with I-25 at Exit 184.[37]

text: For local transportation within Castle Rock, the town government sponsors a voucher program for reduced-fare taxi service. This service is available to town residents who are disabled or who do not have access to a vehicle. In addition, the Castle Rock Senior Center offers a shuttle service for resident senior citizens.[38]

text: BNSF Railway and Union Pacific Railroad each have a freight rail line that runs through Castle Rock.[39] Both lines run parallel to U.S. 85.[17]

text: Utilities[edit]

text: The Intermountain Rural Electric Association, based in nearby Sedalia, provides electric power. Black Hills Energy provides natural gas service. Waste Management and other businesses provide trash removal.[40] The town government's Utilities Department oversees water provision, distribution, and infrastructure maintenance.[41]

text: Health care[edit]

text: Within town there are several medical offices, an urgent care and an emergency room. Castle Rock Adventist Hospital, a full service hospital, opened on August 1, 2013. The 50 bed hospital offers comprehensive health care to the Douglas County area, with labor and delivery suites, NICU, orthopedic surgery, ICU and medical imaging.[42]

text: Media[edit]

text: Castle Rock has a weekly newspaper, The Douglas County News-Press.[43]

text: Castle Rock is part of the Denver radio and television market. Radio station KJMN is licensed to Castle Rock, but broadcasts from Denver playing a Spanish Adult Hits format on 92.1 FM.[44][45] Denver radio station 850 KOA, which broadcasts a news/talk and sports format, operates its 50,000 watt transmitter from a site 10 miles northeast of downtown Castle Rock, in the town of Parker. Another Denver station, KEZW "Studio 1430", a CNN affiliate with a nostalgia music format, operates its transmitter from Highlands Ranch, 13 miles north of downtown Castle Rock.

text: NPR programming can be heard on Colorado Public Radio's KCFR-FM. Castle Rock is also served by the AM signal of KGNU, a non-commercial affiliate of PRI, Pacifica, and the BBC World Service, and which also provides diverse music programming.

text: Television station KETD, an affiliate of the LeSEA network, broadcasts on digital channel 46. Licensed to Castle Rock, the station is located near Centennial, Colorado.[46]

text: Parks and recreation[edit]

text: Castle Rock's open space and parks comprise 27% the town’s total land area (5,415 acres (21.91 km2) of parks and open space / 20,224 acres (81.84 km2) total land area). Additionally, there are nearly 75 miles (121 km) of soft-surface and paved trails.[47]

text:
Parks - Baldwin Park, Bison Park, Butterfield Park, Castle Highlands Park, Castle North Park, Castlewood Canyon State Park, Centennial Park, Festival Park, Founders Park, Gemstone Park, Glovers Tot Lot, Matney Park, Metzler Ranch Park, Mitchell Gulch Park, Paintbrush Park, Philip S. Miller Park, Plum Creek Park, Rhyolite Regional Park, Rosecrown Park.
Trails & Open Space - East Plum Creek Trail, Gateway Mesa Open Space, Hidden Mesa Open Space, Memmen Ridge Open Space, Mitchell Creek Canyon Trail, Mitchell Creek Trail System, Native Legend Open Space, Quarry Mesa Open Space, Ridgeline Open Space, Rock Park, The Bowl.

text: Culture[edit]

text: Points of interest[edit]

text: Castle Rock’s Philip S. Miller Park is the largest park project in the town of Castle Rock. "Phase One" of the park was opened to the public October 25, 2014.[48] It remains under construction. The park is named after local banker and philanthropist Phillip S. Miller, because he and his wife, Jerry, left trust monies to the town of Castle Rock in the mid-1990s. It is notable that the local library is also named for the Millers. The Phillip S. Miller Activity Center (commonly referred to as the MAC by residents of Castle Rock) is an attraction with zip lines, adventure treks, an outdoor incline, amphitheater, fire pits, swimming pools, trampolines, hiking trails, playgrounds and sports fields. It is also a popular mountain biking area with regular races. In total the complex stretches 300 acres.[49]

text: The Castle Rock Historical Museum is located in the former Denver and Rio Grande Railway depot building on Elbert Street. This building is purported to have been built in 1875. It is made of rhyolite taken from local quarries. In this museum visitors can see history of how Castle Rock changed over the years.

text: The Sri Venkateswara Temple's 8 acre complex located on Ridge Road is a significant landmark for the Hindu community of Colorado, attracting regular worshipers from as far away as Colorado Springs and Denver. The Temple also invites Swamis to lecture, offers classes, and undertakes outreach and service programs in the community.

text: Sports[edit]

text: From 1986 through 2006, a professional golf tournament was held in Castle Pines Village. The International, a PGA Tour event, was held in August at the Castle Pines Golf Club.

text: In the media[edit]

text: In the 2000s, Castle Rock developed a positive reputation in American media as an affordable and family-friendly community:

text:
In 2014, Money magazine ranked Castle Rock No. 4 in the nation in its list of the “Best Places to Live 2014".[50] "Our reporters then visit 35 of the top ranking places to choose a top 10 that not only look good on paper, but also have happy residents, manageable traffic, attractive parks and gathering places, plus intangibles like community spirit.[51] "[50]
Money magazine ranked Castle Rock No. 19 in the nation in 2011 and No. 16 in 2012 its list of the “100 Best Places to Live in America".[52] Ranking methodology was based on job growth, home affordability, safety, school quality, health care, arts and leisure, diversity and several ease-of-living criteria.[50]
Family Circle magazine ranked Castle Rock No. 1 in the nation in its list of the “10 Best Towns for Families," August 2010.[53] The article shares the results of the magazine’s quest to identify "the best communities across the country that combine big-city opportunities with suburban charm" and "an ideal blend of affordable houses, good jobs, top-rated schools, wide-open spaces and a lot less stress."[54] This is Castle Rock's second time making Family Circle's top ten list. In the August 2007 issue Castle Rock was ranked No. 9.[55]
Forbes magazine named Castle Rock No. 5 of “America's 25 Best Places To Move,” 7 July 2009[56]
Money magazine ranked Douglas County No. 5 in the United States for “Job Growth over the Last Eight Years”. (Towns include Castle Rock, Parker, Stonegate, Lone Tree, and Highlands Ranch), 18 August 2009[57]
American City Business Journals (ACBJ) ranked Douglas County No. 4 in the nation for “Quality of Life,” May 2004
Denver Business Journal reported that Castle Rock was ranked No. 6 on Gadberry Group’s list of "2008 High-Growth Areas in the United States". 9 January 2009[58]
SchoolDigger.com ranked Douglas County School District No.1 in the Denver Metropolitan Area and No.12 in Colorado based on 2009 test scores. (School district rankings were determined by averaging the rankings of individual schools within each of the 122 districts evaluated). Source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Dept of Education, and Colorado Department of Education.[59]

text: Notable people[edit]

text: Notable individuals who were born in and/or have lived in Castle Rock include:

text:
Amy Adams (1974- ), actress[60]
Kirsten Bomblies (1973- ), biologist[61]
Jim Cottrell (1983- ), NFL linebacker[62][63]
John Lewis Dyer (1812-1901), Methodist circuit riding missionary; resided part of his life in Castle Rock; buried in Cedar Hill Cemetery[64]
Gary Hallberg (1958- ), professional golfer[65]
Tom Hamilton (1951- ), Aerosmith bassist[citation needed]
Beth Malone (1969- ), actress[66]
Nelson Rangell (1960- ), jazz musician[67]
Edward Seidensticker (1921-2007), Japanologist[68]
Ann Strother (1983- ), WNBA player, coach[69]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
View of Pikes Peak from Rock Park in Castle Rock.

View of Devil's Head Lookout from Ridgeline Open Space in Castle Rock.

View of Mount Evans from Rock Park in Castle Rock.

View from Rock Park Lookout Area in Castle Rock.

View of Pikes Peak from I-25 in Castle Rock.

View of The Meadows neighborhood taken from Daniels Park.

Castle Rock as seen from I-25.

Cowboys prepare a campfire on a mural in Castle Rock

Hiking trail at Rock Park in Castle Rock.


document_title: Honda Pilot

question_text: what is the length of the honda pilot

question_tokens: what is the length of the honda pilot

root

text: Honda Pilot

text: First generation (2003–2008)[edit]

text:
First generation
OverviewProduction
April 2002—2008Model years
2003–2008Assembly
Alliston, Ontario, Canada (HCM) (2003-07)Lincoln, Alabama, United States (HMA)Designer
Ricky Hsu (1999)Body and chassisRelated
Acura MDXHonda OdysseyPowertrainTransmission
5-speed automaticDimensionsWheelbase
106.3 in (2,700 mm)Length
188.0 in (4,775 mm)Width
2003–05: 77.3 in (1,963 mm)2003–05 LX: 76.3 in (1,938 mm)2006–08: 77.5 in (1,968 mm)Height
2003–05: 71.7 in (1,821 mm)2003–05: 70.6 in (1,793 mm)2006–08 2WD LX: 70.1 in (1,781 mm)2006–08 4WD LX: 70.4 in (1,788 mm)2006–08 2WD EX/EX-L: 71.3 in (1,811 mm)2006–08 4WD EX/EX-L: 71.7 in (1,821 mm)

tag: table

text: Specifications[edit]

text: The 2003-2004 Pilots featured the J35A4 motor, an aluminum-alloy 3.5L V6 producing 240 HP and 242 lb-ft of torque. The 2005 Pilot received a new engine, the J35A6, which featured drive-by-wire throttle and produced 255 HP and 250 lb-ft of torque. Refreshed 2006-2008 Pilots came with either the J35Z1 (FWD) or the J35A9 (4WD). Both engines are rated at 244 HP and 240 lb-ft of torque. Refreshed FWD models feature Honda's Variable Cylinder Management system, which can deactivate up to three cylinders under light load to increase fuel economy.  All Pilots from this generation feature a 5-speed automatic transmission. The Pilot has front struts with a coil-spring, multilink rear suspension for a flat rear load floor. Front track is 66.3 in (1,684 mm) and 66.5 in (1,689 mm) at the rear. The Pilot has a 4,500 lb (2,041 kg) boat/3,500 lb (1,588 kg) trailer towing capability with the optional dealer installed towing package.

tag: p

text: 2003-2005 Pilots came with Honda's Variable Torque Management 4WD system (VTM-4). Under normal driving conditions, most power is transferred to the front wheels while some is sent to the back wheels. Under acceleration, or if wheel slippage is detected up front, up to 50% of power can be sent to the rear wheels. The system features a VTM-4 lock button on the dashboard which locks the rear differential and sends 25% of the power to each rear wheel. However, the VTM-4 lock function only operates in first, second, and reverse, and automatically disengages above 18mph, then re-engages when the speed drops below 18mph. 2006 refresh models were the first time a Pilot has been offered in FWD.

text: Design[edit]

text: Design of the Pilot was by Honda's Ricky Hsu through 1999, when styling was approved. The Pilot can accommodate up to eight passengers in three rows configured as stadium seating. The third row can seat three, but the limited legroom makes it suitable only for small children or adults on short trips. Similar to the Honda Odyssey, the rear seats can be folded into flat surfaces for larger cargo. Options include powered moonroof, DVD entertainment system, and a navigation system.[5][6]

text: Other  features include ABS-equipped four-wheel disc brakes, rack-and-pinion steering, four-wheel independent suspension, and 282° of outward visibility.

text: 2006 Facelift[edit]

text: Honda revised the Pilot for the 2006 model year in October 2005. Changes to the exterior included a new fascia with a different grille insert and halogen projector headlights, and taillights with clear lenses. The EX trim level received redesigned wheels, and the original EX wheels were now found on the LX trim. On the inside, side airbags were provided in the C pillar, the gauge cluster was updated and the center console featured chrome trim and redesigned storage compartments and cup holders.

text: Second generation (2009–2015)[edit]

text:
Second generation
OverviewProduction
April 2008 – 2015Model years
2009 – 2015Assembly
Lincoln, Alabama, United States (HMA)Designer
Dave Marek (2006)Body and chassisRelated
Acura MDXHonda OdysseyPowertrainEngine
Honda J35Z4 V6Transmission
5-speed automaticDimensionsWheelbase
109.2 in (2,774 mm)Length
2009-11: 190.9 in (4,849 mm)2012-15: 191.4 in (4,862 mm)Width
78.5 in (1,994 mm)Height
2009-11: 72.7 in (1,847 mm)2012-15: 71.0 in (1,803 mm)

text: The larger second generation Pilot was unveiled as a prototype in January 2008 at the North American International Auto Show. Assembled at Honda Manufacturing of Alabama in Lincoln, Alabama, it was offered in five trims; LX, EX, EX-L, Touring, and SE (2015 only). It received a new 3.5-liter V6 VTEC engine producing 250 hp (186 kW; 253 PS) SAE net at 5700 rpm and 253 lb⋅ft (343 N⋅m) of torque at 4800 rpm.[7] EPA fuel economy is rated at 17 mpg city /23 mpg highway with front-wheel-drive and 16 mpg city / 22 mpg highway for all-wheel-drive.

text: Both drivetrains were equipped with five-speed automatics. The second generation's wheelbase is 109.2 in, with a length of 190.9 in, a width of 78.5 in, a height of 71.0 in and interior space of 153.7 cu-ft. The redesigned headlights lost the previous generation's halogen projectors and return to standard halogen reflectors. Features included new two-position memory settings for the driver's seat, a new power tailgate, and the gear shift was relocated from the steering column to the center console between the front seats. The Touring trim included a 120-volt power outlet and a satellite-linked Honda navigation system.

text: 2012 facelift[edit]

text: The 2012 model year introduced a redesigned front fascia, new alloy wheels, and updates to the interior along with changes to the bumper.

text: 2013 changes[edit]

text: The 2013 model year included a standard rearview backup camera, i-MID central dashboard 8-inch LCD screen, USB connector, Bluetooth hands-free calling and wireless audio streaming, and tri-zone climate control.

text: Safety[edit]

text: The Pilot uses Honda's Advanced Compatibility Engineering front bracket. For the 2013 model year a rear-view backup camera was made standard. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) found the Pilot a driver death rate of 2 deaths per million registered years among the ten lowest released in their report[8][9]

text:
IIHS crash test scores:[10][11]

Moderate overlap frontal offset

Good

Small overlap frontal offset

Poor*

Side impact

Good

Roof strength

Marginal (2009-11 models)

Roof strength

Good (2012 models)

text: *vehicle structure also rated "Poor"

text:
NHTSA 2011 Pilot†:[12][13]

Overall:

Frontal Driver:

Frontal Passenger:

Side Driver:

Side Passenger:

Side Pole Driver:

Rollover FWD:

 / 17.4%

Rollover AWD:

 / 16.4%

text: Third generation (2016–present)[edit]

text:
Third generation
OverviewProduction
May 2015–presentModel years
2016–presentAssembly
Lincoln, Alabama, United States (HMA)Designer
Ben Davidson (2012)Body and chassisRelated
Acura MDXHonda OdysseyHonda Ridgeline[14]PowertrainTransmission
6-speed automatic9-speed ZF 9HP automatic (optional)DimensionsWheelbase
111.0 in (2,819 mm)Length
194.5 in (4,940 mm)Width
78.6 in (1,996 mm)Height
69.8 in (1,773 mm)Curb weight
4,054–4,140 lb (1,839–1,878 kg) (FWD)4,220–4,317 lb (1,914–1,958 kg) (AWD)

text: The third-generation 2016 Pilot debuted at the Chicago Auto Show in February 2015, production began during May, and was made available for sale in June.

text: The exterior is sleeker in appearance compared to its boxier predecessor.  Added to the exterior are optional LED headlamps with automatic high-low beam switching, LED daytime running lights (DRLs), and LED brake tail lights and the new Elite model. New features also include heated rear seats, ventilated front seats, and a panoramic roof to Elite models only. Alloy wheels became standard.

text: Newly available safety features include Honda's LaneWatch passenger side mirror camera or Blind Spot Information (BSI) and rear Cross Traffic Monitor.[15] Additional options include Lane Departure Warning (LDW) with Lane Keeping Assist System (LKAS) and Road Departure Mitigation (RDM), Forward Collision Warning (FCW) with Collision Mitigation Braking System (CMBS), Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). A tri-angle backup camera is standard with dynamic guidelines optional.

text: The revised 3.5-liter V6 engine has direct-injection and start-stop system with improved power at 280 hp (209 kW; 284 PS), a 6-speed automatic is standard while a ZF 9-speed automatic is optional. With all-wheel drive models the amount of engine torque sent to each rear wheel is variable. EPA-estimated fuel economy is improved with front-wheel drive (FWD) 6-speed models registering 19/27/22 mpg, and all-wheel drive (AWD) models registering 18/26/21 mpg (city/highway/combined). 9-speed models see fuel economy of 20/27/23 mpg in FWD configuration and 19/26/22 mpg in AWD.[16]

text: Overall dimensions are larger, while weight is down approximately 300 pounds with noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) reduced. Both 2 WD and AWD share the same platform. Structurally 21.3% of the Pilot's body is composed of 980, 1300 and 1,500 MPa ultra-high-strength steels, 5% is from aluminum or magnesium, an additional 34.5% is 270 MPa mild strength steel used in areas to minimize repair costs.[17]

text: 2019 facelift[edit]

text: For the 2019 model year, Honda has refreshed the Pilot inside and out. The powertrain for the Pilot has remained unchanged, but Honda did revise the nine speed transmission only found in the Touring and Elite trims. The exterior now has new bumpers, grille, wheels, LED headlights, and revised taillights. A hands free tailgate is now available. In the interior the gauge cluster is replaced with a new one, similar to the one found on the Odyssey. The infotainment system is updated with Honda's latest software and it also features CabinControl app, from the Odyssey. 4G LTE hotspot, CabinTalk, and a new rear entertainment system are now available. The volume slider is now replaced with a volume knob. Honda has replaced the steering wheel with a new design, also from the Odyssey. Lastly, Honda Sensing is now standard on all trim levels for the Pilot.[18]

text: Safety[edit]

text:
IIHS 2016 Pilot[19]

Moderate overlap frontal offset

Good

Small overlap frontal offset

Good1

Side impact

Good

Roof strength

Good2

Headlights

Acceptable3

text:
NHTSA 2016 Pilot:[21][22]

Overall:

Frontal Driver:

Frontal Passenger:

Side Driver:

Side Passenger:

Side Pole Driver:

Rollover FWD:

 / 17.5%

Rollover AWD:

 / 16.4%

text: Sales[edit]

text:
Calendar year

US sales

2002

52,062

2003

106,917

2004

128,158

2005

143,353

2006

152,154

2007

117,146

2008

96,746

2009

83,901

2010

102,323

2011

116,297

2012

114,848

2013

126,678

2014

108,857

2015

136,212[23]

2016

120,772[24]

2017

127,279


document_title: Pakistan Declaration

question_text: who used the word pakistan for the first time

text: Pakistan Declaration

text: Covering letter[edit]

text: The declaration was circulated with a covering letter signed by Rahmat Ali alone, dated 28 January 1933, and addressed from 3 Humberstone Road. It read as follows:[9]

text:
3, Humberstone Road,
Cambridge, England.
28 January 1933

text: Dear Sir or Madam,

text: I am enclosing herewith an appeal on behalf of the thirty million Muslims of PAKISTAN, who live in the five Northern Units of India—Punjab, North-West Frontier (Afghan) Province, Kashmir, Sind, and Baluchistan. It embodies their demand for the recognition of their national status, as distinct from the other inhabitants of India, by the grant to Pakistan of a separate Federal Constitution on religious, social and historical grounds.

text: I shall be pleased if you will kindly acquaint me with your valuable opinion on the proposed solution of the great Hindu-Muslim problem. I trust that, vitally interested as you are in a just and permanent solution of that complex problem, the objects outlined in the appeal wiIl meet with your fullest approval and active support.

text: Yours truly, Rahmat Ali (Choudhary). (Founder, Pakistan National Movement)

text: Now or Never; Are We to Live or Perish Forever?[edit]

text: The pamphlet started with this famous sentence:[10]

text: At this solemn hour in the history of India, when British and Indian statesmen are laying the foundations of a Federal Constitution for that land, we address this appeal to you, in the name of our common heritage, on behalf of our thirty million Muslim brethren who live in PAKSTAN—by which we mean the five Northern units of India, Viz: Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sind and Baluchistan.

text: The pamphlet asked that "the five Northern units of India"—Punjab, North-West Frontier Province (Afghan Province), Kashmir, Sindh and Baluchistan (or Pakstan)[11] become a state independent of the proposed Indian Federation.

text: Professor K.K.Aziz writes[12] that "Rahmat Ali alone drafted this declaration.[13] The word Pakstan was used for the first time in this pamphlet. To make it "representative", he looked for people who would sign it along with him. This difficult search among the firm grip of 'Indianism' on the young intellectual at English universities took him more than a month to find three young men in London who offered to support and sign it."[14] Chaudhry also suggested the establishment of two other Muslim states within the British Raj; Bangalistan and Osmanistan. He suggested the former Muslim provinces of Eastern Bengal and Assam in East India become an independent Muslim state for Bengali, Assamese and Bihari speaking Muslims while suggesting the princely state of Hyderabad become an Islamic monarchy called Osmanistan.[15]

text: After the publication of the pamphlet, the Hindu press vehemently criticized it, and the word 'Pakstan' used in it.[16] Thus this word became a heated topic of debate. With the addition of an "i" to improve the pronunciation, the name of Pakistan grew in popularity and led to the commencement of the Pakistan Movement, and consequently the creation of Pakistan as an independent state in 1947.[17]

text: Author[edit]

text: The author of this famous pamphlet was Chaudhary Rahmat Ali (16 November 1897 – 3 February 1951), a Muslim nationalist from Punjab, who was one of the earliest proponents of the creation of the state of Pakistan. He is credited with creating the name "Pakistan" for a separate Muslim homeland from Presidencies and provinces of British India. He propagated the Scheme of Pakistan with a missionary zeal since its inception in 1933.[18] He also later founded the Pakistan National Movement[19] to propagate his ideas. Being a political thinker and an idealist, wanted more than for accepting a smaller Pakistan in 1947[20] and save every Indian Muslim from the so-called "Hindu domination".[21]

text: After the creation of Pakistan he returned to Pakistan in April 1948, planning to stay in the country, but he was ordered by the then Prime Minister Liaqat Ali Khan to leave the country. His belongings were confiscated, and he left empty-handed for England in October 1948.[22]

text: He died on 3 February 1951 and was buried on 20 February at Newmarket Road Cemetery, Cambridge. As there was no nearby family to take responsibility for his burial, Emmanuel College's Master, Edward Welbourne, who had been Rahmat Ali's Tutor, himself arranged the burial in Cambridge on 20 February 1951.[23]


document_title: Cricket World Cup

question_text: countries who have won the cricket world cup

text: Cricket World Cup

text: History[edit]

text: Before the first Cricket World Cup[edit]

text: The first international cricket match was played between Canada and the United States, on 24 and 25 September 1844.[2] However, the first credited Test match was played in 1877 between Australia and England, and the two teams competed regularly for The Ashes in subsequent years. South Africa was admitted to Test status in 1889.[3] Representative cricket teams were selected to tour each other, resulting in bilateral competition. Cricket was also included as an Olympic sport at the 1900 Paris Games, where Great Britain defeated France to win the gold medal.[4] This was the only appearance of cricket at the Summer Olympics.

text: The first multilateral competition at international level was the 1912 Triangular Tournament, a Test cricket tournament played in England between all three Test-playing nations at the time: England, Australia and South Africa. The event was not a success: the summer was exceptionally wet, making play difficult on damp uncovered pitches, and attendances were poor, attributed to a "surfeit of cricket".[5] Since then, international Test cricket has generally been organised as bilateral series: a multilateral Test tournament was not organised again until the triangular Asian Test Championship in 1999.[6]

text: The number of nations playing Test cricket increased gradually over time, with the addition of West Indies in 1928, New Zealand in 1930, India in 1932, and Pakistan in 1952. However, international cricket continued to be played as bilateral Test matches over three, four or five days.

text: In the early 1960s, English county cricket teams began playing a shortened version of cricket which only lasted for one day. Starting in 1962 with a four-team knockout competition known as the Midlands Knock-Out Cup,[7] and continuing with the inaugural Gillette Cup in 1963, one-day cricket grew in popularity in England. A national Sunday League was formed in 1969. The first One-Day International match was played on the fifth day of a rain-aborted Test match between England and Australia at Melbourne in 1971, to fill the time available and as compensation for the frustrated crowd. It was a forty over game with eight balls per over.[8]

text: In the late 1970s, Kerry Packer established the rival World Series Cricket (WSC) competition. It introduced many of the now commonplace features of One Day International cricket, including coloured uniforms, matches played at night under floodlights with a white ball and dark sight screens, and, for television broadcasts, multiple camera angles, effects microphones to capture sounds from the players on the pitch, and on-screen graphics. The first of the matches with coloured uniforms was the WSC Australians in wattle gold versus WSC West Indians in coral pink, played at VFL Park in Melbourne on 17 January 1979. The success and popularity of the domestic one-day competitions in England and other parts of the world, as well as the early One-Day Internationals, prompted the ICC to consider organising a Cricket World Cup.[9]

text: Prudential World Cups (1975–1983)[edit]

text: The inaugural Cricket World Cup was hosted in 1975 by England, the only nation able to put forward the resources to stage an event of such magnitude at the time. The 1975 tournament started on 7 June.[10] The first three events were held in England and officially known as the Prudential Cup after the sponsors Prudential plc. The matches consisted of 60 six-ball overs per team, played during the daytime in traditional form, with the players wearing cricket whites and using red cricket balls.[11]

text: Eight teams participated in the first tournament: Australia, England, India, New Zealand, Pakistan, and the West Indies (the six Test nations at the time), together with Sri Lanka and a composite team from East Africa.[12] One notable omission was South Africa, who were banned from international cricket due to apartheid. The tournament was won by the West Indies, who defeated Australia by 17 runs in the final at Lord's.[12]

text: The 1979 World Cup saw the introduction of the ICC Trophy competition to select non-Test playing teams for the World Cup,[13] with Sri Lanka and Canada qualifying.[14] The West Indies won a second consecutive World Cup tournament, defeating the hosts England by 92 runs in the final. At a meeting which followed the World Cup, the International Cricket Conference agreed to make the competition a quadrennial event.[14]

text: The 1983 event was hosted by England for a third consecutive time. By this stage, Sri Lanka had become a Test-playing nation, and Zimbabwe qualified through the ICC Trophy. A fielding circle was introduced, 30 yards (27 m) away from the stumps. Four fieldsmen needed to be inside it at all times.[15] The teams faced each other twice, before moving into the knock-outs. India, an outsider, quoted at 66–1 to win by bookmakers before the competition began, were crowned champions after upsetting the West Indies by 43 runs in the final.[9][16]

text: Different champions (1987–1996)[edit]

text: India and Pakistan jointly hosted the 1987 tournament, the first time that the competition was held outside England. The games were reduced from 60 to 50 overs per innings, the current standard, because of the shorter daylight hours in the Indian subcontinent compared with England's summer.[17] Australia won the championship by defeating England by 7 runs in the final, the closest margin in World Cup final history.[18][19]

text: The 1992 World Cup, held in Australia and New Zealand, introduced many changes to the game, such as coloured clothing, white balls, day/night matches, and a change to the fielding restriction rules. The South African cricket team participated in the event for the first time, following the fall of the apartheid regime and the end of the international sports boycott.[20] Pakistan overcame a dismal start in the tournament to eventually defeat England by 22 runs in the final and emerge as winners.[21]

text: The 1996 championship was held in the Indian subcontinent for a second time, with the inclusion of Sri Lanka as host for some of its group stage matches.[22] In the semi-final, Sri Lanka, heading towards a crushing victory over India at Eden Gardens after the hosts lost eight wickets while scoring 120 runs in pursuit of 252, were awarded victory by default after crowd unrest broke out in protest against the Indian performance.[23] Sri Lanka went on to win their maiden championship by defeating Australia by seven wickets in the final at Lahore.[24]

text: Australian treble (1999–2007)[edit]

text: In 1999 the event was hosted by England, with some matches also being held in Scotland, Ireland, Wales and the Netherlands.[25][26] Twelve teams contested the World Cup. Australia qualified for the semi-finals after reaching their target in their Super 6 match against South Africa off the final over of the match.[27] They then proceeded to the final with a tied match in the semi-final also against South Africa where a mix-up between South African batsmen Lance Klusener and Allan Donald saw Donald drop his bat and stranded mid-pitch to be run out. In the final, Australia dismissed Pakistan for 132 and then reached the target in less than 20 overs and with eight wickets in hand.[28]

text: South Africa, Zimbabwe and Kenya hosted the 2003 World Cup. The number of teams participating in the event increased from twelve to fourteen. Kenya's victories over Sri Lanka and Zimbabwe, among others – and a forfeit by the New Zealand team, which refused to play in Kenya because of security concerns – enabled Kenya to reach the semi-finals, the best result by an associate.[29] In the final, Australia made 359 runs for the loss of two wickets, the largest ever total in a final, defeating India by 125 runs.[30][31]

text: In 2007 the tournament was hosted by the West Indies and expanded to sixteen teams.[32] Following Pakistan's upset loss to World Cup debutants Ireland in the group stage, Pakistani coach Bob Woolmer was found dead in his hotel room.[33] Jamaican police had initially launched a murder investigation into Woolmer's death but later confirmed that he died of heart failure.[34] Australia defeated Sri Lanka in the final by 53 runs (D/L) in farcical light conditions, and extended their undefeated run in the World Cup to 29 matches and winning three straight championships.[35]

text: Hosts triumph (2011-2015)[edit]

text: India, Sri Lanka and Bangladesh together hosted the 2011 Cricket World Cup. Pakistan were stripped of their hosting rights following the terrorist attack on the Sri Lankan cricket team, with the games originally scheduled for Pakistan redistributed to the other host countries.[36] The number of teams participating in the World Cup dropped down to fourteen.[37] Australia lost their final group stage match against Pakistan on 19 March 2011, ending an unbeaten streak of 35 World Cup matches, which had begun on 23 May 1999.[38] India won their second World Cup title by beating Sri Lanka by 6 wickets in the final in Mumbai, and became the first country to win the final on home soil.[37] MS Dhoni later became the first captain in history to win all the major ICC tournaments - World T20 in 2007, Champions Trophy in 2013 and this edition of the World Cup.

text: Australia and New Zealand jointly hosted the 2015 Cricket World Cup. The number of participants remained at fourteen. Ireland was the most successful Associate nation with a total of three wins in the tournament. New Zealand beat South Africa in a thrilling first semi-final to qualify for their maiden World Cup final. Australia defeated New Zealand by seven wickets in the final at Melbourne to lift the World Cup for the fifth time.[39]

text: Format[edit]

text: Qualification[edit]

text: The Test-playing nations qualify automatically for the World Cup main event while the other teams have to qualify through a series of preliminary qualifying tournaments. A new qualifying format was introduced for the 2015 Cricket World Cup. The top two teams of the 2011–13 ICC World Cricket League Championship qualify directly. The remaining six teams join the third and fourth-placed teams of 2011 ICC World Cricket League Division Two and the top two teams of the 2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Three in the World Cup Qualifier to decide the remaining two places.[40][41]

text: Qualifying tournaments were introduced for the second World Cup, where two of the eight places in the finals were awarded to the leading teams in the ICC Trophy.[13] The number of teams selected through the ICC Trophy had varied throughout the years. The World Cricket League (administered by the International Cricket Council) is the qualification system provided to allow the Associate and Affiliate members of the ICC more opportunities to qualify. The name "ICC Trophy" has been changed to "ICC World Cup Qualifier".[42]

text: Under the current qualifying process, the World Cricket League, all Associate and Affiliate members of the ICC are able to qualify for the World Cup. Associate and Affiliate members must play between two and five stages in the ICC World Cricket League to qualify for the World Cup finals, depending on the Division in which they start the qualifying process.

text: Process summary in chronological order (2011-2014):

text:
2011 ICC World Cricket League Division Two: 6 Teams – Top 2 were promoted to the 2011–13 ICC World Cricket League Championship. The third and fourth-placed teams qualified for the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier. The fifth and sixth-placed teams were relegated to the Division Three for 2013.
2011–13 ICC World Cricket League Championship: 8 Teams – Top 2 automatically qualified for the 2015 Cricket World Cup. The remaining six teams qualified for the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier.
2013 ICC World Cricket League Division Three: 6 Teams – Top 2 were qualified for the 2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier. The fifth and sixth-placed teams were relegated to the Division Four for 2014.
2014 Cricket World Cup Qualifier: 10 Teams – Top 2 qualified for the 2015 Cricket World Cup and the 2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship. The third and fourth-placed teams qualified for the 2015–17 ICC World Cricket League Championship. The fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth-placed teams remained in the Division Two for 2015. The ninth and tenth-placed teams were relegated to the Division Three for 2014

tag: ol

text: Tournament[edit]

text: The format of the Cricket World Cup has changed greatly over the course of its history. Each of the first four tournaments was played by eight teams, divided into two groups of four.[43] The competition consisted of two stages, a group stage and a knock-out stage. The four teams in each group played each other in the round-robin group stage, with the top two teams in each group progressing to the semi-finals. The winners of the semi-finals played against each other in the final. With South Africa returning in the fifth tournament in 1992 as a result of the end of the apartheid boycott, nine teams played each other once in the group phase, and the top four teams progressed to the semi-finals.[44] The tournament was further expanded in 1996, with two groups of six teams.[45] The top four teams from each group progressed to quarter-finals and semi-finals.

text: A distinct format was used for the 1999 and 2003 World Cups. The teams were split into two pools, with the top three teams in each pool advancing to the Super 6.[46] The Super 6 teams played the three other teams that advanced from the other group. As they advanced, the teams carried their points forward from previous matches against other teams advancing alongside them, giving them an incentive to perform well in the group stages.[46] The top four teams from the Super 6 stage progressed to the semi-finals, with the winners playing in the final.

text: The format used in the 2007 World Cup involved 16 teams allocated into four groups of four.[47] Within each group, the teams played each other in a round-robin format. Teams earned points for wins and half-points for ties. The top two teams from each group moved forward to the Super 8 round. The Super 8 teams played the other six teams that progressed from the different groups. Teams earned points in the same way as the group stage, but carried their points forward from previous matches against the other teams who qualified from the same group to the Super 8 stage.[48] The top four teams from the Super 8 round advanced to the semi-finals, and the winners of the semi-finals played in the final.

text: The format used in the 2011 and 2015[49] World Cups featured two groups of seven teams, each playing in a round-robin format. The top four teams from each group proceeded to the knock out stage consisting of quarter-finals, semi-finals and ultimately the final.[50]

text: It is proposed that in 2019 World Cup, the number of teams participating will go down to 10 and all the teams will play against each other once in round robin format, before entering the knock-outs. this would be similar to the one used in 1992 World Cup.

text: Trophy[edit]

text: The ICC Cricket World Cup Trophy is presented to the winners of the World Cup. The current trophy was created for the 1999 championships, and was the first permanent prize in the tournament's history. Prior to this, different trophies were made for each World Cup.[51] The trophy was designed and produced in London by a team of craftsmen from Garrard & Co over a period of two months.

text: The current trophy is made from silver and gilt, and features a golden globe held up by three silver columns. The columns, shaped as stumps and bails, represent the three fundamental aspects of cricket: batting, bowling and fielding, while the globe characterises a cricket ball.[52] The seam is tilted to symbolize the axial tilt of the Earth. It stands 60 centimetres high and weighs approximately 11 kilograms. The names of the previous winners are engraved on the base of the trophy, with space for a total of twenty inscriptions. The ICC keeps the original trophy. A replica differing only in the inscriptions is permanently awarded to the winning team.[53]

text: Media coverage[edit]

text: The tournament is the world's third largest[54] with only the FIFA World Cup and the Summer Olympics exceeding it. The 2011 Cricket World Cup final was televised in over 200 countries to over 2.2 billion television viewers.[55][56][57] Television rights, mainly for the 2011 and 2015 World Cup, were sold for over US$1.1 billion,[58] and sponsorship rights were sold for a further US$500 million.[59] The 2003 Cricket World Cup matches were attended by 626,845 people,[60] while the 2007 Cricket World Cup sold more than 672,000 tickets.[61][62]

text: Successive World Cup tournaments have generated increasing media attention as One-Day International cricket has become more established. The 2003 World Cup in South Africa was the first to sport a mascot, Dazzler the zebra.[63] An orange mongoose known as Mello was the mascot for the 2007 Cricket World Cup.[64] Stumpy, a blue elephant was the mascot for the 2011 World Cup.[65]

text: On 13 February, the opening of the 2015 tournament was celebrated with a Google Doodle.[66]

text: Selection of hosts[edit]

text: The International Cricket Council's executive committee votes for the hosts of the tournament after examining the bids made by the nations keen to hold a Cricket World Cup.[67]

text: England hosted the first three competitions. The ICC decided that England should host the first tournament because it was ready to devote the resources required to organising the inaugural event.[10] India volunteered to host the third Cricket World Cup, but most ICC members preferred England as the longer period of daylight in England in June meant that a match could be completed in one day.[68] The 1987 Cricket World Cup was held in India and Pakistan, the first hosted outside England.[69]

text: Many of the tournaments have been jointly hosted by nations from the same geographical region, such as South Asia in 1987, 1996 and 2011, Australasia in 1992 and 2015, Southern Africa in 2003 and West Indies in 2007.

text: Tournament history[edit]

text:
Year
Host(s)
Final venue
Result

Winner
Margin
Runner-up

1975
Details
 England
London
 West Indies
291/8 (60 overs)
West Indies won by 17 runs
Scorecard
 Australia
274 all out (58.4 overs)

1979
Details
 England
London
 West Indies
286/9 (60 overs)
West Indies won by 92 runs
Scorecard
 England
194 all out (51 overs)

1983
Details
 England
London
 India
183 all out (54.4 overs)
India won by 43 runs
Scorecard
 West Indies
140 all out (52 overs)

1987
Details
 India
 Pakistan
Kolkata
 Australia
253/5 (50 overs)
Australia won by 7 runs
Scorecard
 England
246/8 (50 overs)

1992
Details
 Australia
 New Zealand
Melbourne
 Pakistan
249/6 (50 overs)
Pakistan won by 22 runs
Scorecard
 England
227 all out (49.2 overs)

1996
Details
 Pakistan
 India
 Sri Lanka
Lahore
 Sri Lanka
245/3 (46.2 overs)
Sri Lanka won by 7 wickets
Scorecard
 Australia
241/7 (50 overs)

1999
Details
 England
 Scotland
 Wales
 Ireland
 Netherlands[a]
London
 Australia
133/2 (20.1 overs)
Australia won by 8 wickets
Scorecard
 Pakistan
132 all out (39 overs)

2003
Details
 South Africa
 Zimbabwe
 Kenya [b]
Johannesburg
 Australia
359/2 (50 overs)
Australia won by 125 runs
Scorecard
 India
234 all out (39.2 overs)

2007
Details
 West Indies[c]
Bridgetown
 Australia
281/4 (38 overs)
Australia won by 53 runs (D/L)
Scorecard
 Sri Lanka
215/8 (36 overs)

2011
Details
 India
 Sri Lanka
 Bangladesh
Mumbai
 India
277/4 (48.2 overs)
India won by 6 wickets
Scorecard
 Sri Lanka
274/6 (50 overs)

2015
Details
 Australia
 New Zealand
Melbourne
 Australia
186/3 (33.1 overs)
Australia won by 7 wickets
Scorecard
 New Zealand
183 all out (45 overs)

2019
Details
 England
 Wales
London

2023
Details
 India
Kolkata

text:
Jump up ^ The England and Wales Cricket Board was the sole designated host, but matches were also played in Ireland, the Netherlands, and Scotland.
Jump up ^ Cricket South Africa and Zimbabwe were joint hosts, but matches were also played in Kenya.
Jump up ^ Eight member countries of the West Indies Cricket Board hosted matches – Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Grenada, Guyana, Jamaica, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, and Trinidad and Tobago.

text: Results[edit]

text: Twenty nations have qualified for the Cricket World Cup at least once (excluding qualification tournaments). Seven teams have competed in every finals tournament, five of which have won the title.[9] The West Indies won the first two tournaments, Australia has won five, India has won two, while Pakistan and Sri Lanka have each won once. The West Indies (1975 and 1979) and Australia (1999, 2003 and 2007) are the only nations to have won consecutive titles.[9] Australia has played in seven of the eleven final matches (1975, 1987, 1996, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015). England has yet to win the World Cup, but has been runners-up three times (1979, 1987, 1992). The best result by a non-Test playing nation is the semi-final appearance by Kenya in the 2003 tournament; while the best result by a non-Test playing team on their debut is the Super 8 (second round) by Ireland in 2007.[9]

text: Sri Lanka as a co-host of the 1996 Cricket World Cup was the first host to win the tournament though the final was held in Pakistan.[9] India won in 2011 as host and was the first team to win in a final played in their own country.[70] Australia repeated the feat in 2015.[39] England is the only other host to have made the final, in 1979. Other countries which have achieved or equalled their best World Cup results while co-hosting the tournament are New Zealand as finalists in 2015; Zimbabwe who reached the Super Six in 2003; and Kenya as semi-finalists in 2003.[9] In 1987, co-hosts India and Pakistan both reached the semi-finals, but were eliminated by Australia and England respectively.[9] Australia in 1992, England in 1999, South Africa in 2003, and Bangladesh in 2011 have been the host teams that were eliminated in the first round.

text: Teams' performances[edit]

text: An overview of the teams' performances in every World Cup:

text:
Team \ Host
1975
(8)
1979
(8)
1983
(8)
1987
(8)
1992
(9)
1996
(12)
1999
(12)
2003
(14)
2007
(16)
2011
(14)
2015
(14)
2019
(10)
2023

 Afghanistan

GP

 Australia
2nd
GP
GP
1st
GP
2nd
1st
1st
1st
QF
1st

 Bangladesh

GP
GP
S8
GP
QF

 Bermuda

GP

 Canada

GP

GP
GP
GP

 East Africa†
GP

 England
SF
2nd
SF
2nd
2nd
QF
GP
GP
S8
QF
GP
Q

 India
GP
GP
1st
SF
GP
SF
S6
2nd
GP
1st
SF

Q

 Ireland

S8
GP
GP

 Kenya

GP
GP
SF
GP
GP

 Namibia

GP

 Netherlands

GP

GP
GP
GP

 New Zealand
SF
SF
GP
GP
SF
QF
SF
S6
SF
SF
2nd

 Pakistan
GP
SF
SF
SF
1st
QF
2nd
GP
GP
SF
QF

 Scotland

GP

GP

GP

 South Africa

SF
QF
SF
GP
SF
QF
SF

 Sri Lanka
GP
GP
GP
GP
GP
1st
GP
SF
2nd
2nd
QF

 United Arab Emirates

GP

GP

 West Indies
1st
1st
2nd
GP
GP
SF
GP
GP
S8
QF
QF

 Zimbabwe

GP
GP
GP
GP
S6
S6
GP
GP
GP

text: †No longer exists.

text: Before the 1992 World Cup, South Africa was banned due to apartheid.

text: The number of wins followed by Run-rate is the criteria for determining the rankings till the 1987 World Cup.

text: The number of points followed by, head to head performance and then net run-rate is the criteria for determining the rankings for the World Cups from 1992 onwards.

text: Legend

text:
1st – Winner
2nd – Runner up
SF – Semi-finals
S6 – Super Six (1999–2003)
S8 – Super Eight (2007)
QF – Quarter-finals (1996, 2011–2015)
GP – Group – First round

tag: ul

text: Debutant teams[edit]

text:
Year
Teams

1975
 Australia, East Africa†,  England,  India,  New Zealand,  Pakistan,  Sri Lanka,  West Indies

1979
 Canada

1983
 Zimbabwe

1987
none

1992
 South Africa

1996
 Kenya,  Netherlands,  United Arab Emirates

1999
 Bangladesh,  Scotland

2003
 Namibia

2007
 Bermuda,  Ireland

2011
none

2015
 Afghanistan

text: †No longer exists.

text: Overview[edit]

text: The table below provides an overview of the performances of teams over past World Cups, as of the end of group stage of the 2015 tournament. Teams are sorted by best performance, then by appearances, total number of wins, total number of games, and alphabetical order respectively.

text:
Appearances

Statistics

Team
Total
First
Latest
Best result
Mat.
Won
Lost
Tie
NR
Win%*

 Australia
11
1975
2015
1.1 !Champions (1987, 1999, 2003, 2007, 2015)
84
62
20
1
1
75.30

 India
11
1975
2015
1.3 !Champions (1983, 2011)
75
46
27
1
1
62.83

 West Indies
11
1975
2015
1.3 !Champions (1975, 1979)
71
41
29
0
1
58.57

 Sri Lanka
11
1975
2015
1.5 !Champions (1996)
73
35
35
1
2
50.00

 Pakistan
11
1975
2015
1.5 !Champions (1992)
71
40
29
0
2
57.97

 England
11
1975
2015
2.3 !Runners-up (1979, 1987, 1992)
72
41
29
1
1
58.45

 New Zealand
11
1975
2015
2.5 !Runners-up (2015)
79
48
30
0
1
61.53

 South Africa
7
1992
2015
3.2 !Semi-finals (1992, 1999, 2007, 2015)
55
35
18
2
0
65.45

 Kenya
5
1996
2011
3.5 !Semi-finals (2003)
29
6
22
0
1
21.42

 Zimbabwe
9
1983
2015
5.4 !Super 6 (1999, 2003)
57
11
42
1
3
21.29

 Bangladesh
5
1999
2015
7.4 !Quarter-finals (2015), Super 8 (2007)
32
11
20
0
1
35.48

 Ireland
3
2007
2015
7.5 !Super 8 (2007)
21
7
13
1
0
35.71

 Netherlands
4
1996
2011
9.2 !Group Stage (1996, 2003, 2007, 2011)
20
2
18
0
0
10.00

 Canada
4
1979
2011
9.2 !Group Stage (1979, 2003, 2007, 2011)
18
2
16
0
0
11.11

 Scotland
3
1999
2015
9.3 !Group Stage (1999, 2007, 2015)
14
0
14
0
0
0.00

 United Arab Emirates
2
1996
2015
9.4 !Group Stage (1996, 2015)
11
1
10
0
0
9.09

 Afghanistan
1
2015
2015
9.5 !Group Stage (2015)
6
1
5
0
0
16.66

 Namibia
1
2003
2003
9.5 !Group Stage (2003)
6
0
6
0
0
0.00

 Bermuda
1
2007
2007
9.5 !Group Stage (2007)
3
0
3
0
0
0.00

 East Africa†
1
1975
1975
9.5 !Group Stage (1975)
3
0
3
0
0
0.00

Last Updated: 29 March 2015
Source: Cricinfo[71]

text: The Win percentage excludes no results and counts ties as half a win.

text: †No longer exists.

text: Awards[edit]

text: Man of the tournament[edit]

text: Since 1992, one player has been declared as "Man of the Tournament" at the end of the World Cup finals:[72]

text:
Year
Player
Performance details

1992
 Martin Crowe
456 runs

1996
 Sanath Jayasuriya
221 runs and 7 wickets

1999
 Lance Klusener
281 runs and 17 wickets

2003
 Sachin Tendulkar
673 runs and 2 wickets

2007
 Glenn McGrath
26 wickets

2011
 Yuvraj Singh
362 runs and 15 wickets

2015
 Mitchell Starc
22 wickets

text: Man of the Match in the Final[edit]

text: There were no Man of the Tournament awards before 1992 but Man of the Match awards have always been given for individual matches. Winning the Man of the Match in the final is logically noteworthy, as this indicates the player deemed to have played the biggest part in the World Cup final. To date the award has always gone to a member of the winning side. The Man of the Match award in the final of the competition has been awarded to:[72]

text:
Year
Player
Performance details

1975
 Clive Lloyd
102 runs

1979
 Viv Richards
138*

1983
 Mohinder Amarnath
3/12 and 26

1987
 David Boon
75 runs

1992
 Wasim Akram
33 and 3/49

1996
 Aravinda de Silva
107* and 3/42

1999
 Shane Warne
4/33

2003
 Ricky Ponting
140*

2007
 Adam Gilchrist
149

2011
 Mahendra Singh Dhoni
91*

2015
 James Faulkner
3/36

text: Tournament records[edit]

text:
World Cup records[73]

Batting

Most runs
 Sachin Tendulkar
2,278 (1992–2011)

Highest average (min. 20 inns.) [74]
 AB de Villiers
63.52 (2007–2015)

Highest score
 Martin Guptill v West Indies
237* (2015)

Highest partnership
 Chris Gayle & Marlon Samuels
(2nd wicket) v Zimbabwe
372 (2015)

Most runs in a tournament
 Sachin Tendulkar
673 (2003)

Most hundreds
 Sachin Tendulkar
6 (1992–2011)

Bowling

Most wickets
 Glenn McGrath
71 (1996–2007)

Lowest average (min. 1000 balls bowled)
 Glenn McGrath
18.19 (1996–2007)

Best strike rate (min. 1000 balls bowled)
 Lasith Malinga
23.8 (2007–2015)

Best economy rate (min. 1000 balls bowled)
 Andy Roberts
3.24 (1975–1983)

Best bowling figures
 Glenn McGrath v Namibia
7/15 (2003)

Most wickets in a tournament
 Glenn McGrath
26 (2007)

Fielding

Most dismissals (wicket-keeper)
 Kumar Sangakkara
54 (2003–2015)

Most catches (fielder)
 Ricky Ponting
28 (1996–2011)

Team

Highest score
 Australia v Afghanistan
417/6 (2015)

Lowest score
 Canada v Sri Lanka
36 (2003)

Highest win % [75]
 Australia
74% (Played 84, Won 62)

Most consecutive wins [76]
 Australia
27 (20 Jun 1999–19 Mar 2011, one N/R excluded)

Most consecutive tournament wins
 Australia
3 (1999–2007)


document_title: List of La Liga top scorers

question_text: how many goals has cristiano ronaldo scored in la liga all time

text: List of La Liga top scorers

text: Top scorers by season[edit]

text:
Season
Player
Club
Goals
Apps
Ratio

1930–31
 Bata
Athletic Bilbao
27
17
1.59

1931–32
 Bata (2)
Athletic Bilbao
13[1]
18
0.72

1932–33
 Olivares, ManuelManuel Olivares
Real Madrid
16
14
1.14

1933–34
 Lángara, IsidroIsidro Lángara
Real Oviedo
26
18
1.44

1934–35
 Lángara, IsidroIsidro Lángara (2)
Real Oviedo
27
22
1.23

1935–36
 Lángara, IsidroIsidro Lángara (3)
Real Oviedo
28
21
1.33

1939–40
 Unamuno, VíctorVíctor Unamuno
Athletic Bilbao
20
22
0.91

1940–41
 Pruden, Pruden
Atlético Madrid
33
22
1.5

1941–42
 Mundo
Valencia
27
25
1.08

1942–43
 Martín, MarianoMariano Martín
Barcelona
30
23
1.3

1943–44
 Mundo (2)
Valencia
28
26
1.08

1944–45
 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra
Athletic Bilbao
20
26
0.77

1945–46
 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (2)
Athletic Bilbao
24
18
1.33

1946–47
 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (3)
Athletic Bilbao
33
24
1.38

1947–48
 Pahiño, Pahiño
Celta de Vigo
20
22
0.91

1948–49
 César
Barcelona
27
24
1.13

1949–50
 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (4)
Athletic Bilbao
24
26
0.92

1950–51
 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (5)
Athletic Bilbao
38
30
1.27

1951–52
 Pahiño, Pahiño (2)
Real Madrid
28
27
1.04

1952–53
 Zarra, TelmoTelmo Zarra (6)
Athletic Bilbao
24
29
0.83

1953–54
 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano
Real Madrid
27
28
0.96

1954–55
 Arza, JuanJuan Arza
Sevilla
28
29
0.97

1955–56
 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano (2)
Real Madrid
24
30
0.8

1956–57
 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano (3)
Real Madrid
31
30
1.03

1957–58
 Badenes, ManuelManuel Badenes
Real Valladolid
19
29
0.66

 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano (4)
Real Madrid
19
30
0.63

 Alós, RicardoRicardo Alós
Valencia
19
29
0.66

1958–59
 di Stéfano, AlfredoAlfredo di Stéfano (5)
Real Madrid
23
28
0.82

1959–60
 Puskás, FerencFerenc Puskás
Real Madrid
25
24
1.04

1960–61
 Puskás, FerencFerenc Puskás (2)
Real Madrid
28
28
1

1961–62
 Seminario, JuanJuan Seminario
Real Zaragoza
25
30
0.83

1962–63
 Puskás, FerencFerenc Puskás (3)
Real Madrid
26
30
0.87

1963–64
 Puskás, FerencFerenc Puskás (4)
Real Madrid
21
25
0.84

1964–65
 Ré, CayetanoCayetano Ré
Barcelona
26
30
0.87

1965–66
 Luis Aragonés
Atlético Madrid
18[2]
28
0.64

1966–67
 Waldo
Valencia
24
30
0.8

1967–68
 Uriarte, FidelFidel Uriarte
Athletic Bilbao
22
24
0.92

1968–69
 Amancio
Real Madrid
14
29
0.48

 José Eulogio Gárate
Atlético Madrid
14
30
0.47

1969–70
 Amancio (2)
Real Madrid
16
29
0.55

 Aragonés, LuisLuis Aragonés (2)
Atlético Madrid
16
30
0.53

 Gárate, José EulogioJosé Eulogio Gárate (2)
Atlético Madrid
16
30
0.53

1970–71
 Gárate, José EulogioJosé Eulogio Gárate (3)
Atlético Madrid
17
28
0.61

 Rexach, CarlesCarles Rexach
Barcelona
17
28
0.61

1971–72
 Porta, EnriqueEnrique Porta
Granada
20
31
0.65

1972–73
 Marianín
Real Oviedo
19
32
0.59

1973–74
 Quini
Sporting de Gijón
20
34
0.59

1974–75
 Carlos
Athletic Bilbao
19
32
0.59

1975–76
 Quini (2)
Sporting de Gijón
21
34
0.62

1976–77
 Kempes, MarioMario Kempes
Valencia
24
34
0.71

1977–78
 Kempes, MarioMario Kempes (2)
Valencia
28
34
0.82

1978–79
 Krankl, HansHans Krankl
Barcelona
29
30
0.97

1979–80
 Quini (3)
Sporting de Gijón
24
34
0.71

1980–81
 Quini (4)
Barcelona
20
30
0.67

1981–82
 Quini (5)
Barcelona
27
32
0.84

1982–83
 Rincón, PoliPoli Rincón
Real Betis
20
30
0.67

1983–84
 Jorge da Silva
Real Valladolid
17
30
0.57

 Juanito
Real Madrid
17
31
0.55

1984–85
 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez
Atlético Madrid
19
33
0.58

1985–86
 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez (2)
Real Madrid
22
33
0.67

1986–87
 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez (3)
Real Madrid
34
41
0.83

1987–88
 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez (4)
Real Madrid
29
36
0.81

1988–89
 Baltazar
Atlético Madrid
35
36
0.97

1989–90
 Sánchez, HugoHugo Sánchez (5)
Real Madrid
38
35
1.09

1990–91
 Butragueño, EmilioEmilio Butragueño
Real Madrid
19
35
0.54

1991–92
 Manolo
Atlético Madrid
27
36
0.75

1992–93
 Bebeto
Deportivo
29
37
0.78

1993–94
 Romário
Barcelona
30
33
0.91

1994–95
 Zamorano, IvánIván Zamorano
Real Madrid
28
38
0.74

1995–96
 Pizzi, Juan AntonioJuan Antonio Pizzi
Tenerife
31
41
0.76

1996–97
 Ronaldo
Barcelona
34
37
0.92

1997–98
 Vieri, ChristianChristian Vieri
Atlético Madrid
24
24
1

1998–99
 Raúl
Real Madrid
25
37
0.68

1999–2000
 Ballesta, SalvaSalva Ballesta
Racing Santander
27
36
0.75

2000–01
 Raúl (2)
Real Madrid
24
36
0.67

2001–02
 Tristán, DiegoDiego Tristán
Deportivo
20
35
0.57

2002–03
 Makaay, RoyRoy Makaay
Deportivo
29
38
0.76

2003–04
 Ronaldo (2)
Real Madrid
24
32
0.75

2004–05
 Forlán, DiegoDiego Forlán
Villarreal
25
38
0.66

 Eto'o, SamuelSamuel Eto'o
Barcelona
25[3]
37
0.68

2005–06
 Eto'o, SamuelSamuel Eto'o (2)
Barcelona
26
34
0.76

2006–07
 van Nistelrooy, RuudRuud van Nistelrooy
Real Madrid
25
37
0.68

2007–08
 Güiza, DanielDaniel Güiza
Mallorca
27
37
0.73

2008–09
 Forlán, DiegoDiego Forlán (2)
Atlético Madrid
32
33
0.97

2009–10
 Messi, LionelLionel Messi
Barcelona
34
35
0.97

2010–11
 Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo
Real Madrid
40
34
1.18

2011–12
 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (2)
Barcelona
50
37
1.35

2012–13
 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (3)
Barcelona
46
32
1.44

2013–14
 Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo (2)
Real Madrid
31
30
1.03

2014–15
 Ronaldo, CristianoCristiano Ronaldo (3)
Real Madrid
48
35
1.37

2015–16
 Suárez, LuisLuis Suárez
Barcelona
40
35
1.11

2016–17
 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (4)
Barcelona
37
34
1.09

2017–18
 Messi, LionelLionel Messi (5)
Barcelona
34
36
0.94

text: All-time top scorers[edit]

text: Players in bold are still active.

text:
hideRank
Nat
Name
Years
Goals
Apps
Ratio

1

Lionel Messi
2004–
383
418
0.92

2

Cristiano Ronaldo
2009–
311
292
1.07

3

Telmo Zarra
1940–1955
251
278
0.9

4

Hugo Sánchez
1981–1994
234
347
0.67

5

Raúl
1994–2010
228
550
0.41

6

Alfredo Di Stéfano
1953–1966
227
329
0.69

7

César Rodríguez
1939–1955
223
353
0.63

8

Quini
1970–1987
219
448
0.49

9

Pahiño
1943–1956
210
278
0.76

10

Edmundo Suárez
1939–1950
195
231
0.84

11

Santillana
1970–1988
186
461
0.4

12

David Villa
2003–2014
185
352
0.53

13

Juan Arza
1943–1959
182
349
0.52

14

Guillermo Gorostiza
1929–1945
178
256
0.7

15

Samuel Eto'o
1998–2009
162
280
0.58

16

Luis Aragonés
1960–1974
160
360
0.44

17

Ferenc Puskás
1958–1966
156
180
0.87

18

Aritz Aduriz
2002–
154
399
0.39

19

Julio Salinas
1982–2000
152
417
0.36

20

Adrián Escudero
1945–1958
150
287
0.52

21

Daniel Ruiz
1974–1986
147
303
0.49

22

Raúl Tamudo
1997–2013
146
407
0.36

23

Silvestre Igoa
1941–1956
141
284
0.5

24

Manuel Badenes
1946–1959
139
201
0.69

Juan Araújo
1945–1956
207
0.67

José Mari Bakero
1980–1997
483
0.29

27

László Kubala
1951–1965
138
215
0.64

28

José Luis Panizo
1939–1955
136
325
0.42

29

Jesús María Satrústegui
1973–1986
133
297
0.45

30

Joaquín Murillo
1952–1964
132
227
0.58

text: Top active scorers[edit]

text:
Rank
Nat
Name
Years
Current club
Goals
Apps
Ratio

1

Lionel Messi
2004–
Barcelona
383
418
0.92

2

Cristiano Ronaldo
2009–
Real Madrid
311
292
1.07

3

Aritz Aduriz
2002–
Athletic Bilbao
154
399
0.38

4

Karim Benzema
2009–
Real Madrid
126
264
0.48

5

Antoine Griezmann
2010–
Atlético Madrid
115
275
0.42

text: Players with most hat-tricks[edit]

text: Three or more goals in a single match. For the complete list of hat-tricks see List of La Liga hat-tricks.

text: Players in bold are still active

text: Players with at least 10 hat-tricks are shown in this table.

text:
Rank
Player
Hat-tricks
Last hat-trick

1
 Cristiano Ronaldo
34
18 March 2018

2
 Lionel Messi
30
29 April 2018

3
 Telmo Zarra
23
15 March 1953

4
 Alfredo di Stéfano
22
15 March 1964

5
 Mundo
19
4 March 1951

6
 César Rodríguez
15
19 October 1952

7
 Isidro Lángara
13
15 December 1946

8
 Ferenc Puskás
12
15 December 1963

9
 László Kubala
11
19 March 1961

 Pahiño
11
11 September 1955

 Manuel Badenes
11
29 March 1958

12
 Quini
10
7 October 1981

text: Source: BDFútbol


document_title: Arrieta

question_text: where does the last name arrieta come from

text: Arrieta

text:
Arrieta

Municipality

Flag

Coat of arms

Arrieta

Location of Arrieta within the Basque Country

Coordinates: 43°19′36″N 2°30′48″W / 43.32667°N 2.51333°W / 43.32667; -2.51333

Country
 Spain

Autonomous community
 País Vasco

Province
Biscay

Comarca
Mungialdea

Government

 • Mayor
Ángel María Acillona (PNV-EAJ)

Area

 • Total
14.47 km2 (5.59 sq mi)

Elevation
203 m (666 ft)

Population (2014)

 • Total
573

 • Density
40/km2 (100/sq mi)

Time zone
CET (UTC+1)

 • Summer (DST)
CEST (UTC+2)

Postal code
48114

text: Arrieta (both in Basque and Spanish) is a town and municipality located in the province of Biscay, in the Basque Country, Spain. Arrieta is part of the comarca of Mungialdea and has a population of 552 inhabitants as of 2007.

text: Toponym[edit]

text: This municipality has its origin in the elizate Líbano de Arrieta, which became a municipality in the 19th Century. The toponym Arrieta comes from the Basque word harrieta, which means "stony place".


document_title: God bless you

question_text: why do we say god bless you when somebody sneezes

text: God bless you

text: Look up God bless you in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

text: God bless you (variants include God bless or bless you[1]) is a common English expression, used to wish a person blessings in various situations,[1][2] especially as a response to a sneeze, and also, when parting or writing a valediction.[1][3]

text: The phrase has been used in the Hebrew Bible by Jews (cf. Numbers 6:24), and by Christians, since the time of the early Church as a benediction, as well as a means of bidding a person Godspeed.[4][5] Many clergy, when blessing their congregants individually or as a group, use the phrase "God bless you".[6]

text: A typical polite response after being told "bless you" in response to sneezing is to thank the person who has said it.

text: Origins and legends[edit]

text: National Geographic reports that during the plague of AD 590, "Pope Gregory I ordered unceasing prayer for divine intercession. Part of his command was that anyone sneezing be blessed immediately ("God bless you"), since sneezing was often the first sign that someone was falling ill with the plague."[7] By AD 750, it became customary to say "God bless you" as a response to one sneezing.[8]

text: The practice of blessing someone who sneezes dates as far back as at least AD 77, although it is far older than most specific explanations can account for.[9] Some have offered an explanation suggesting that people once held the folk belief that a person's soul could be thrown from their body when they sneezed,[9] that sneezing otherwise opened the body to invasion by the Devil or evil spirits,[10][11] or that sneezing was the body's effort to force out an invading evil presence.[9] In these cases, "God bless you" or "bless you" is used as a sort of shield against evil.[12] The Irish Folk story "Master and Man" by Thomas Crofton Croker, collected by William Butler Yeats, describes this variation.[13] Moreover, in the past some people may have thought that the heart stops beating during a sneeze, and that the phrase "God bless you" encourages the heart to continue beating.[9][10][11]

text: In some cultures, sneezing is seen as a sign of good fortune or God's beneficence.[9][14] As such, alternative responses to sneezing are the French phrase à vos souhaits (meaning "to your wishes"), the German word Gesundheit (meaning "health") sometimes adopted by English speakers, the Irish word sláinte (meaning "good health"), the Spanish salud (also meaning "health") and the Hebrew laBri'ut (colloquial) or liVriut (classic) (both spelled: "לבריאות") (meaning "to health").

text: In Persian culture, sneezing sometimes is called "sabr =صبر," meaning "to wait or be patient." And when trying to do something or go somewhere and suddenly sneezing, one should stop or sit for a few minutes and then re-start. By this act the "bad thing" passes and one will be saved. This is observed in Indian culture as well.

text: In Greek culture, sneezing was widely recognized as a divine omen. In Book 17 of Homer’s Odyssey, Penelope speaks to Eumaeus in private about the suitors feasting in the halls of the king's palace, and how surely Odysseus will return and kill them. Suddenly her son Telemachus sneezes and Penelope laughed. A sneeze meant the intercession of the gods to make her statement come true. It was a blessing from the gods, connecting the sneeze to the "God Bless You."