document_title: Marion Crane

question_text: why did marion steal the money in psycho

root

text: Marion Crane

text: Fictional character biography[edit]

text: In the film Marion lives in Phoenix, Arizona as a secretary and is unhappy in her relationship with Sam Loomis (John Gavin), a divorcé who is in too much debt to marry her. Marion rejects his idea to take the afternoon off and rushes back to her storefront real estate office. Her boss of ten years, George Lowery (Vaughn Taylor), arrives shortly afterward with Tom Cassidy (Frank Albertson), a wealthy customer who is buying the Harris Street Property, one of Lowery's houses on the market for $40,000 as a wedding present for his daughter, making cash payment in full, which causes mild alarm to Lowery. However, instead of depositing Cassidy's money in the bank, Marion, wanting to pay Sam's debts in order to marry him, impulsively goes on the run with the money. She drives to the (fictional) small town of Fairvale, California, where Sam lives, and pays California Charlie (John Anderson), a used car salesman, to trade her car for a new one after a highway patrol officer (Mort Mills) checks her license plate. She turns off the main road without realizing it, and arrives at the Bates Motel. She checks in with the proprietor, Norman Bates (Anthony Perkins), who shyly invites her to have dinner with him. After wrapping the remaining money inside a newspaper, Marion overhears a heated argument between Norman and his mother about letting Marion into the house.[3]

tag: p

text: During dinner, Marion has a conversation with Norman, who says that he is trapped by his obligation to his mentally ill mother. She realizes that she, too, is stuck in a "private trap", and can only escape it by taking responsibility for stealing the money. She gently suggests to Norman that he put his mother in a mental hospital, which he heatedly refuses to do. She bids him goodnight, and returns to her room. There, she undresses while Norman watches through a peephole hidden in the wall of his office. Resolving to make amends to her employer, Marion makes a few calculations based on how much the escapade has cost her. She then takes a shower. Suddenly, a mysterious figure enters the bathroom — shadowy through the shower curtain — and stabs Marion to death. Believing his mother has committed the murder, Norman puts the naked corpse and shower curtain — and, unknowingly, the money — in the trunk of Marion's car and sinks it in a nearby swamp.

text: The climax of the novel and film reveals that Norman murdered Marion while under the control of an alternate personality—one taking the form of his mother, whom he had murdered ten years before. The psychiatrist who examines Norman explains that, when Norman felt attracted to Marion, the "Mother" personality became jealous and killed her. In the final scene, Norman — now completely controlled by the "Mother" personality — is institutionalized for killing Marion.

text: Differences between the film and novel[edit]

text: In the novel, she is named Mary Crane, originates from Dallas, Texas, and dies after Norman decapitates her; in the film, "Mother" stabs her repeatedly. Her name was changed to Marion in the film because of a then real life Mary Crane residing in Phoenix, Arizona. In the novel, she is Norman's first victim; in the film, Norman had murdered two young girls prior.

text: Appearances and references in the rest of the series[edit]

text: Psycho's first sequel, 1983's Psycho II, starts off with a flashback to the shower scene. Marion's sister, Lila Crane (Vera Miles), now Lila Loomis, is on a crusade to keep Norman locked up. The film introduces Mary Loomis (Meg Tilly), Lila's daughter with Sam and Marion's niece. Both are killed in the film; Lila is stabbed by a woman who looks like him in his "Mother" guise (later revealed to be Emma Spool, (Claudia Bryar)), and Mary is shot by police when she attempts to kill Norman.

text: In the second sequel, 1986's Psycho III, the shower scene appears again in a flashback, this time when Norman sees Maureen Coyle (Diana Scarwid) who reminds him of Marion. "Mother" tries to kill Maureen in exactly the same room and bathroom of the Bates Motel where Marion died, only to find that Maureen slit her wrists in a bathtub filled with water in an attempted suicide. Later, after being rescued by Norman, "Mother" kills Maureen by pushing her down the same stairs of the Bates house where private investigator Milton Arbogast died.

text: Marion makes no appearance in the final sequel, 1990's Psycho IV: The Beginning. She is merely referred to a few times as "the girl [Norman] killed in the shower".

text: Comic books[edit]

text: Marion appears in the 1992 three-issue comic book adaptation of the 1960 film Psycho, released by Innovation Publishing.

text: Portrayals[edit]

text: Marion was played by Janet Leigh in the 1960 film Psycho and by Anne Heche in the 1998 remake. Leigh was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress and won the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actress. Heche was nominated for a Golden Raspberry Award for Worst Actress.

text: Rihanna portrayed Marion in the fifth and final season of the TV series Bates Motel, a contemporary prequel to the 1960 film Psycho, set in the present day. This version of the character is a contemporary take on the role.[4] In this continuity, she is a notary public living in Seattle, Washington. When Marion was a child, her mother got sick and died, Marion's father refused to raise her and sent Marion to live with her aunt in Miami, Florida. When she was a teenager, Marion ran away from home and moved to Seattle. She is in a long-distance relationship with Sam Loomis (Austin Nichols), who, unbeknownst to her, is married. She meets him at the Bates Motel for a tryst, and the proprietor, Norman Bates (Freddie Highmore), spies on them through a peephole as they make love.[5] Sam tells Marion he is in too much debt to marry her now. Marion rushes to her real estate office and asks her boss George Lowery for a possible promotion and a pay raise, but he belittled her for asking because of her lack of qualifications for the position. Instead of depositing the money, Marion steals $400,000 from her employer so she and Sam can get married. She drives to Sam's hometown of White Pine Bay, Oregon and tells him to meet her at the motel.[6] She meets Norman, who tells her that Sam is using her and gives her his address. At Sam's house, she sees him arguing with his wife and realizes he has made a fool of her; enraged, she takes a lug wrench to his car and smashes it. She returns to the motel and seeks comfort from Norman, who fears that his "Mother" personality will take control and kill her. To save her, he urges her to leave and never come back. She drives away with the money to begin a new life, while Sam who came to the motel to find her is killed by Norman as Sam takes a shower.[7]

text: Appearances[edit]

text: Novels[edit]

text:
Psycho, (1959, as "Mary Crane")
Psycho II, (1982, mentioned only)

tag: ul

text: Films[edit]

text:
Psycho, (1960)
Psycho II, (1983, flashback only)
Psycho III, (1986, flashback only)
Psycho IV: The Beginning, (1990, mentioned only)
Psycho, (1998)

text: Television[edit]

text: Bates Motel, (2017, two episodes)

text: Comics[edit]

text: Alfred Hitchcock's Psycho, (1992)


document_title: List of current Home and Away characters

question_text: who plays the nurse in home and away

question_tokens: who plays the nurse in home and away

text: Present characters[edit]

text:
Character

Actor(s)

Duration

Alf Stewart

Ray Meagher

1988–

Roo Stewart

Georgie Parker

1988–1989, 2010–

Justine Clarke

Marilyn Chambers

Emily Symons

1989–1992, 1995–1999, 2001, 2010–

Irene Roberts

Lynne McGranger

1991–

Jacqy Phillips

Leah Patterson-Baker

Ada Nicodemou

2000–

John Palmer

Shane Withington

2009–

Tori Morgan

Penny McNamee

2016–

Justin Morgan

James Stewart

2016–

Brody Morgan

Jackson Heywood

2016–

Mason Morgan

Orpheus Pledger

2016–

Raffy Morrison

Olivia Deeble

2016–

Ziggy Astoni

Sophie Dillman

2017–

Ben Astoni

Rohan Nichol

2017–

Maggie Astoni

Kestie Morassi

2017–

Coco Astoni

Anna Cocquerel

2017–

Robbo

Jake Ryan

2017–

Ryder Jackson

Lukas Radovich

2017–

Willow Harris

Sarah Roberts

2017–

Jasmine Delaney

Sam Frost

2017–

Dean Thompson

Patrick O'Connor

2018–

Colby Thorne

Tim Franklin

2018–

tag: table

text: Recurring and guest characters[edit]

text:
Character

Actor(s)

Duration

Martha Stewart

Belinda Giblin

1989, 2018–

Alison Mulvaney

Neal Stevenson

Michele-Antonio Mattiuzzi

2011–

Constable Ben Murray

John-Paul Jory

2012–2013, 2015–

Nurse Sarah

Samantha Ward

2015–

Phillip McCarthy

Nicholas Cassim

2016–

Buddy the Dog

Himself

2016–

Chelsea Campbell

Ashleigh Brewer

2018–

Karen Thompson

Georgia Adamson

2018–

Kayla Booth

Audrey Blyde

2018–

Rick Booth

Mark Lee

2018–

Neil Campbell

Steve Nation

2018–

text: Cast changes[edit]

text: Upcoming and returning characters[edit]

text:
Character

Actor

Debut/return date

Reference

Simone Bedford

Emily Eskell

2018

[1]

Bella

Courtney Miller

2018

[2][3]

TBC

Sam Webb

2018

[4]

TBC

Justin Rosniak

2018

[5]

Jett James

Will McDonald

2019

[6][7]

text: Past characters[edit]


document_title: List of heads of state of Mexico

question_text: who was the president of mexico in 1848

question_tokens: who was the president of mexico in 1848

text: List of heads of state of Mexico

text: Mexican Empire (1821–1823)[edit]

text: First Regency[edit]

text: After the end of the Mexican War of Independence, a Provisional Board of Governing consisting of thirty-four persons was set up. The Board decreed and signed the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire and appointed a regency composed of six people.

text:
Regent[3]
Took office
Left office
Notes

Agustín de Iturbide
September 28, 1821
April 11, 1822

Juan O'Donojú
September 28, 1821
October 8, 1821
Died in office.

Antonio Pérez Martínez
October 8, 1821
April 11, 1822

Manuel de la Barcéna
September 28, 1821
April 11, 1822

José Isidro Yañez
September 28, 1821
April 11, 1822

Manuel Velázquez de León
September 28, 1821
April 11, 1822

text: Second Regency[edit]

text:
Regent[3]
Took office
Left office
Notes

Agustín de Iturbide
April 11, 1822
May 18, 1822

José Isidro Yañez
April 11, 1822
May 18, 1822

Miguel Valentín
April 11, 1822
May 18, 1822

Manuel de Heras
April 11, 1822
May 18, 1822

Nicolás Bravo
April 11, 1822
May 18, 1822

text: Agustín I[edit]

text:
Emperor
Coat of Arms
Reign Start
Reign Ended
Royal House
Consort

Agustín I
(1783–1824)

May 19, 1822
March 19, 1823
Iturbide

Ana María
(1786–1861)

text: Provisional Government (1823–1824)[edit]

text: The Provisional Government of 1823–24 was an organization that served as the Executive in the government of Mexico after the end of the Mexican Empire of Agustín I, in 1823.[4] The organization was responsible for convening the body that created the Federal Republic and existed from April 1, 1823 to October 10, 1824.[5]

text:
Head of State[6][7][8]
Took office
Left office
Notes

Nicolás Bravo
March 31, 1823
October 10, 1824

Guadalupe Victoria
March 31, 1823
October 10, 1824

Pedro Celestino Negrete
March 31, 1823
October 10, 1824

Mariano Michelena
April 1, 1823
October 10, 1824
Substitute Member

Miguel Domínguez
April 1, 1823
October 10, 1824
Substitute Member

Vicente Guerrero
April 1, 1823
October 10, 1824
Substitute Member

text: First Federal Republic (1824–1835)[edit]

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Political Party
Vice President
Notes

1

Guadalupe Victoria
(1786–1843)
October 10, 1824
March 31, 1829
Independent
Nicolás Bravo
First constitutionally elected President of Mexico, and the only President who completed his full term in almost 30 years of independent Mexico.[9]

2

Vicente Guerrero
(1782–1831)
April 1, 1829
December 17, 1829
Liberal Party
Anastasio Bustamante
He was appointed by Congress after the resignation of president-elect Manuel Gómez Pedraza.[10][11]

3

José María Bocanegra
(1787–1862)
December 17, 1829
December 23, 1829
Popular York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party)

He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Guerrero left office to fight the rebellion of his Vice President.[12][13]

Pedro Vélez
(1787–1848)
December 23, 1829
December 31, 1829
Liberal Party

As president of the Supreme Court, he was appointed by the Council of Government as head of the executive triumvirate along with Lucas Alamán and Luis Quintanar.[14]

4

Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853)
January 1, 1830
August 13, 1832
Conservative Party

As Vice President he assumed the presidency after the coup against Guerrero.[15]

5

Melchor Múzquiz
(1790–1844)
August 14, 1832
December 24, 1832
Popular York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party)

He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Bustamante left office to fight the rebellion of Santa Anna.[16][17][18]

6

Manuel Gómez Pedraza
(1789–1851)
December 24, 1832
March 31, 1833
Federalist York Rite Party
(part of the Liberal Party)

He assumed the presidency to conclude the term he would have begun in 1829, had he not resigned prior to inauguration, as the winner of the elections of 1828.[19][20]

7

Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858)
April 1, 1833
May 16, 1833
Liberal Party

As Vice President he assumed the presidency in place of Santa Anna, along with whom he was elected in the elections of 1833.
[21][22][23]

8

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
May 16, 1833
June 3, 1833
Liberal Party
Valentín Gómez Farías
He assumed the presidency as the constitutionally elected president. He alternated in the presidency with Vice President Gómez Farías four more times until April 24, 1834.
[22][24][25][26]

Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858)
June 3, 1833
June 18, 1833
Liberal Party

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
June 18, 1833
July 5, 1833
Liberal Party
Valentín Gómez Farías

Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858)
July 5, 1833
October 27, 1833
Liberal Party

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
October 27, 1833
December 15, 1833
Liberal Party
Valentín Gómez Farías

Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858)
December 16, 1833
April 24, 1834
Liberal Party

He promoted several liberal reforms that led to the discontent of conservatives and the church. Santa Anna took office again and he went into exile.[23][27]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
April 24, 1834
January 27, 1835
Liberal Party

He cancelled the liberal reforms. On January 27, the Sixth Constitutional Congress dismissed Gomez Farias as Vice President.[23][27][28]

9

Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836)
January 28, 1835
February 27, 1836
Liberal Party

He was appointed Interim President by Congress when Santa Anna left office to fight the Rebellion of Zacatecas. On October 23, Congress enacted the Constitutional Basis, which voided the Constitution of 1824 and the federal system. He served both as the last president of the First Federal Republic and the first of the Centralist Republic.[29][30][31][32]

text: Centralist Republic (1835–1846)[edit]

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Political Party
Notes

9

Miguel Barragán
(1789–1836)
January 28, 1835
February 27, 1836
Liberal Party
He left office because of a serious illness. He died two days later.[29]

10

José Justo Corro
(1794–1864)
February 27, 1836
April 19, 1837
Conservative Party
He was appointed Interim President by Congress to conclude the presidential term.
During his term, he enacted the Seven Laws and
Spain recognized the Independence of Mexico.[33][34][35]

Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853)
April 19, 1837
March 18, 1839
Conservative Party
He took office as constitutional elected president.
He was elected in the elections of 1837 for an eight years term.[36][37]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
March 18, 1839
July 10, 1839
Liberal Party
He was appointed interim president by the Supreme Conservative Power when Bustamante left office to fight federalist rebellions.[24][38]

11

Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854)
July 11, 1839
July 19, 1839
Conservative Party
He was appointed substitute president when Santa Anna left office.[26][39][40]

Anastasio Bustamante
(1780–1853)
July 19, 1839
September 22, 1841
Conservative Party
He reassumed the presidency.[26][41]

12

Francisco Javier Echeverría
(1797–1852)
September 22, 1841
October 10, 1841
Conservative Party
He was appointed interim president when Bustamante left office to fight a rebellion headed by Mariano Paredes y Arrillaga, Santa Anna, and Gabriel Valencia.
He resigned after the triumph of the rebellion.[42][43][44]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
October 10, 1841
October 26, 1842
Liberal Party
He was appointed provisional president by a Junta de Representantes de los Departamentos (Board of Representatives of the Departments).[45][46][47]

Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854)
October 26, 1842
March 4, 1843
Conservative Party
He was appointed substitute president by Santa Anna when he left office.[40][47]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
March 4, 1843
October 4, 1843
Liberal Party
He reassumed the presidency as provisional president.[48]

13

Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850)
October 4, 1843
June 4, 1844
Conservative Party
He was appointed interim president by Santa Anna when he left office.[49][50]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
June 4, 1844
September 12, 1844
Liberal Party
He reassumed the presidency after being elected constitutional president by Congress on January 2, 1844.[51][52]

14

José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854)
September 12, 1844
September 21, 1844
Liberal Party
He was appointed substitute president by Congress to replace the interim president Valentin Canalizo.[52][53]

Valentín Canalizo
(1794–1850)
September 21, 1844
December 6, 1844
Conservative Party
He assumed the presidency as interim president.[54]

José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854)
December 6, 1844
December 30, 1845
Liberal Party
He was appointed interim, and after, constitutional president by Senate
after Canalizo was arrested for trying to dissolve the Congress.[53][55][56]

15

Mariano Paredes
(1797–1849)
December 31, 1845
July 28, 1846
Conservative Party
He assumed office via a coup against De Herrera.
On June 12, he was appointed interim president.[57][58]

Vice President[58]
Nicolás Bravo

Nicolás Bravo
(1786–1854)
July 28, 1846
August 4, 1846
Conservative Party
He took office when Paredes left the presidency to fight the Americans in the Mexican–American War.
He was deposed by a federalist rebellion led by Jose Mariano Salas and Valentin Gomez Farias.[59][60][61]

16

José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867)
August 5, 1846
December 23, 1846
Conservative Party
He assumed office as provisional president after the triumph of the federalist rebellion (Plan de la Ciudadela).
He put in force the Constitution of 1824 on August 22.[62][63][64]
He served both as last president of the Centralist Republic and first of the Second Federal Republic.

text: Second Federal Republic (1846–1863)[edit]

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Political Party
Notes

16

José Mariano Salas
(1797–1867)
August 6, 1846
December 23, 1846
Conservative Party
After he restored the federalism, he called elections.
Santa Anna won the election and was appointed interim president by Congress and Valentin Gomez Farias as vice president.[62][65]

Valentín Gómez Farías
(1781–1858)
December 23, 1846
March 21, 1847
Liberal Party
As vice president, he took office in place of Santa Anna, who was fighting the Americans in the Mexican–American War.[66]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
March 21, 1847
April 2, 1847
Liberal Party
He took office as elected interim president.[67]

Vice President
Valentín Gómez Farías

17

Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854)
April 2, 1847
May 20, 1847
Liberal Party
Santa Anna left office to fight in the Mexican–American War. Congress abolished the vice presidency and he was appointed as substitute president.[68][69][70]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
May 20, 1847
September 15, 1847
Liberal Party
He reassumed the presidency when De Anaya left office to fight in the Mexican–American War.[71][72]

18

Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850)
September 16, 1847
November 13, 1847
Liberal Party
As president of the Supreme Court, he assumed the presidency after Santa Anna's resignation.[73][74]

Pedro María de Anaya
(1795–1854)
November 13, 1847
January 8, 1848
Liberal Party
He was appointed interim president by Congress when De la Peña y Peña left office in order to negotiate peace with the United States.

Manuel de la Peña y Peña
(1789–1850)
January 8, 1848
June 3, 1848
Liberal Party
He reassumed office as provisional president when De Anaya resigned
after refusing to give any land to the United States.[75] During his term, he signed the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.

José Joaquín de Herrera
(1792–1854)
June 3, 1848
January 15, 1851
Liberal Party
He was the second president to finish his term and peacefully turned over the presidency to the winner of the Federal Elections of 1850, General Mariano Arista.[76]

19

Mariano Arista
(1802–1855)
January 15, 1851
January 5, 1853
Liberal Party
He resigned on January 5, 1853 when Congress refused to give him extraordinary powers to fight the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio, the goal of which was to bring to Santa Anna once again to the presidency.[77]

20

Juan Bautista Ceballos
(1811–1859)
January 5, 1853
February 7, 1853
Liberal Party
As president of the Supreme Court, he was proposed by President Arista as his successor and confirmed the same day as interim president by Congress.[78]

21

Manuel María Lombardini
(1802–1853)
February 8, 1853
April 20, 1853
Conservative Party
He was appointed provisional president by Congress when Ceballos resigned because of the rebellion of Plan del Hospicio.[79]

Antonio López de Santa Anna
(1794–1876)
April 20, 1853
August 9, 1855
Liberal Party
He swore as President but ruled as dictator.
He called himself "Su Alteza Serenisima" (Serene Highness).[80][81]
From this period, the only lasting thing is the Mexican National Anthem.[82][83]

22

Martín Carrera
(1806–1871)
August 9, 1855
September 12, 1855
Conservative Party
He was appointed interim president after the triumph of the Plan of Ayutla
but he took office until August 15.[83][84]

23

Rómulo Díaz de la Vega
(1800–1877)
September 12, 1855
October 4, 1855
Conservative Party
He served as de facto president after Carrera's resignation.[85][86]

24

Juan Álvarez
(1790–1867)
October 4, 1855
December 11, 1855
Liberal Party
He was appointed interim president by a council integrated with one representative of each state after the triumph of the Revolution of Ayutla.[87][88]

25

Ignacio Comonfort
(1812–1863)
December 11, 1855
December 17, 1857
Liberal Party
He was appointed interim president by Juan Alvarez when he resigned.
He assumed as constitutional president on December 1, 1857.[89][90]

26

Benito Juárez
(1806–1872)
December 18, 1857
July 18, 1872
Liberal Party
As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the self-coup of Ignacio Comonfort against the Constitution of 1857. He was arrested and freed by Comonfort. He established a liberal constitutional government on January 18, 1858.
The struggle between the Liberal and Conservative forces is known as Reform War.[91]

text: Presidents recognized by the Conservatives during the Reform War[edit]

text:
President
Took office
Left office
Political Party
Notes

Ignacio Comonfort
(1812–1863)
December 17, 1857
January 21, 1858
Liberal Party
After the declaration of Plan of Tacubaya, Congress declared that he was not longer president but he was recognized by conservatives as president with absolute powers.[92][93]

Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898)
January 11, 1858
December 24, 1858
Conservative Party
After disown Comonfort, Zuloaga was appointed president by the Conservative Party.[94]

Manuel Robles Pezuela
(1817–1862)
December 24, 1858
January 23, 1859
Conservative Party
He assumed the conservative presidency with the support of the Plan de Navidad.[95][96]

Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898)
January 24, 1859
February 1, 1859
Conservative Party
He was restored to the presidency by counter-rebellion led by Miguel Miramón.[95][97]

Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867)
February 2, 1859
August 13, 1860
Conservative Party
He assumed the conservative presidency as substitute when Zuloaga left office.[98]

José Ignacio Pavón
(1791–1866)
August 13, 1860
August 15, 1860
Conservative Party
As president of the Supreme Court of the conservative government,
he took office for two days when Miramón left office.[99]

Miguel Miramón
(1831–1867)
August 15, 1860
December 24, 1860
Conservative Party
He took office as interim president of the conservative government after he was elected
by a group of "Representatives of the States" who supported the conservatives.
He was defeated at the Battle of Calpulalpan, resigned the presidency and fled the country.[100]

Félix María Zuloaga
(1813–1898)
May 23, 1860
December 28, 1862
Conservative Party
Despite having been defeated, the conservatives appointed Zuloaga as president until December 28, when they recognized the Regency who was seeking to reestablish the Mexican Empire.[101]

text: Second Mexican Empire (1863–1867)[edit]

text: Regency[edit]

text: On June 22, 1863, a "Superior Governing Board" was established. On July 11, the Board became the Regency of the Empire.[102][103]

text:
Regent[3]
Took office
Left office
Political Party
Notes

Juan Nepomuceno Almonte
July 11, 1863
April 10, 1864
Conservative Party

José Mariano Salas
July 11, 1863
April 10, 1864
Conservative Party

Pelagio Antonio de Labastida
October 19, 1863
April 10, 1864
Conservative Party

text: Maximilian I[edit]

text:
Emperor
Coat of Arms
Reign Start
Reign Ended
Royal House
Consort

Maximilian I
(1832–1867)

April 10, 1864
June 19, 1867
Habsburg-Lorraine

Carlota of Mexico
(1840–1927)

text: Restored Republic (1867–1876)[edit]

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Political Party
Notes

(26)

Benito Juárez
(1806–1872)
December 18, 1857
June 11, 1861
Liberal Party
The first term he was interim president during the Reform War.
The second term resulted from his being appointed constitutional president by Congress.
The third term was an extension of the second, a consequence of the invasion.
The fourth and fifth terms followed the triumph of the Republic.

June 11, 1861
November 30, 1865

December 1, 1865
December 7, 1867

December 8, 1867
October 11, 1871

October 12, 1871
July 18, 1872

27

Sebastián Lerdo de Tejada
(1823–1889)
July 18, 1872
November 30, 1872
Liberal Party
As president of the Supreme Court, he became interim president after the death of Juarez. He was overthrown by the Revolution of Tuxtepec and left office ten days before the end of his term.[104]

December 1, 1872
November 20, 1876

28

José María Iglesias
(1823–1891)
October 26, 1876
November 28, 1876
Liberal Party
As president of the Supreme Court, he voided, on grounds of fraud, the reelection of Lerdo de Tejada after Congress had declared this reelection valid, and then declared himself interim president. When Lerdo de Tejada went to exile on November 20, he became constitutional interim president.[105]

text: Porfiriato (1876–1911)[edit]

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Political Party
Notes

29

Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915)
November 28, 1876
December 6, 1876
Liberal Party
He became provisional president when Iglesias went to exile.[106]

30

Juan Nepomuceno Méndez
(1824–1894)
December 6, 1876
February 17, 1877
Liberal Party
He was appointed substitute president by Díaz when he left office to fight the supporters of Lerdo de Tejada.[107]

Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915)
February 17, 1877
November 30, 1880
Liberal Party
He reassumed the presidency. On May 2, he was appointed constitutional president by Congress.[108]

31

Manuel González Flores
(1833–1893)
December 1, 1880
November 30, 1884
Liberal Party
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1880.[109]

Porfirio Díaz
(1830–1915)
December 1, 1884
November 30, 1888
National Porfirist Party
National Reelectionist Party
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1884, 1888, 1892, 1896, 1900, 1904 and 1910.
He resigned during his 7th term after the triumph of the Mexican Revolution.[110]

December 1, 1888
November 30, 1892

December 1, 1892
November 30, 1896

December 1, 1896
November 30, 1900

December 1, 1900
November 30, 1904

December 1, 1904
November 30, 1910
Vice President
Ramón Corral
(since 1904)

December 1, 1910
May 25, 1911

text: Revolution (1911–1928)[edit]

text:
Anti-Reelectionist Party→Progressive Constitutionalist Party
  Independent

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Notes

32

Francisco León de la Barra
(1863–1939)
May 25, 1911
November 5, 1911
According to the "Treaties of Ciudad Juárez", he assumed office as interim president. Immediately called for elections.[111]

33 [112]

Francisco I. Madero
(1873–1913)
November 6, 1911
February 19, 1913
He was the winner of the special election of 1911.
He was overthrown by a coup known as the Ten Tragic Days in which Victoriano Huerta, Félix Díaz and the American ambassador Henry L. Wilson were involved. He was murdered two days later along with the vice president Pino Suarez.[113][114]

Vice President
José María Pino Suárez

34

Pedro Lascuráin
(1856–1952)
February 19, 1913
As Secretary of Foreign Affairs, he assumed office as interim president according to the constitution. In about 45 minutes, he appointed Victoriano Huerta as Secretary of Interior and then resigned the Presidency.[115]

35

Victoriano Huerta
(1850–1916)
February 19, 1913
July 15, 1914
He assumed office via a coup against Francisco I. Madero. He was defeated by the constitutionalist army led by Governor of Coahuila, Venustiano Carranza.[116][117]

36

Francisco S. Carvajal
(1870–1932)
July 15, 1914
August 13, 1914
He assumed office as Interim President after the resignation of Huerta.
He resigned after the signing of the Treaties of Teoloyucan.[118]

text: Presidents recognized by the Convention of Aguascalientes[edit]

text:
President
Took office
Left office
Notes

Eulalio Gutiérrez
(1881–1939)
November 6, 1914
January 16, 1915
He was appointed provisional president.[119]

Roque González Garza
(1885–1962)
January 16, 1915
June 10, 1915
He was appointed provisional president after Gutierrez left Mexico City.[120]

Francisco Lagos Cházaro
(1878–1932)
June 10, 1915
October 10, 1915
He assumed office as provisional president when González Garza resigned.[121]

text: Restoration of Democracy[edit]

text:
Liberal Constitutionalist Party
  Laborist Party

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Notes

37

Venustiano Carranza
(1859–1920)
Head of the Executive Power
First Chief of the Constitutional Army
He served as Head of the Executive Power after the resignation of Carvajal.
He convoked a Constitutional Convention which enacted the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. He won the federal elections of 1917 and took office as Constitutional President on May 1, 1917.
He was killed during the Rebellion of Agua Prieta.[122]

August 14, 1914
April 30, 1917

President of Mexico

May 1, 1917
May 21, 1920

38

Adolfo de la Huerta
(1881–1955)
June 1, 1920
November 30, 1920
He was appointed provisional president by Congress.[123]

39

Álvaro Obregón
(1880–1928)
December 1, 1920
November 30, 1924
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1920.[124]

40

Plutarco Elías Calles
(1877–1945)
December 1, 1924
November 30, 1928
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1924.[125]

text: Maximato (1928–1934)[edit]

text: National Revolutionary Party

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Notes

41

Emilio Portes Gil
(1890–1978)
December 1, 1928
February 4, 1930
After the assassination of president-elect Alvaro Obregón, he was appointed interim president by Congress.[126]

42

Pascual Ortiz Rubio
(1877–1963)
February 5, 1930
September 4, 1932
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1929.
He resigned from the intervention of Calles in his government.[127][128]

43

Abelardo L. Rodríguez
(1889–1967)
September 4, 1932
November 30, 1934
He was appointed substitute president by Congress to conclude the 1930–1934 term.[129]

text: Modern Mexico (1934–present)[edit]

text: After the constitutional reform of 1933, the presidential term in Mexico was extended to six years without the possibility of reelection. After the federal election of 1934 all the presidents have completed their terms.

text:
National Revolutionary Party→Party of the Mexican Revolution→Institutional Revolutionary Party
  National Action Party

text:
№
President
Took office
Left office
Notes

44

Lázaro Cárdenas
(1895–1970)
December 1, 1934
November 30, 1940
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1934.

45

Manuel Ávila Camacho
(1896–1955)
December 1, 1940
November 30, 1946
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1940.

46

Miguel Alemán Valdés
(1900–1983)
December 1, 1946
November 30, 1952
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1946.

47

Adolfo Ruiz Cortines
(1889–1973)
December 1, 1952
November 30, 1958
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1952.

48

Adolfo López Mateos
(1910–1969)
December 1, 1958
November 30, 1964
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1958.

49

Gustavo Díaz Ordaz
(1911–1979)
December 1, 1964
November 30, 1970
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1964.

50

Luis Echeverría
(born 1922)
December 1, 1970
November 30, 1976
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1970.

51

José López Portillo
(1920–2004)
December 1, 1976
November 30, 1982
He was the winner of the uncontested federal elections of 1976.

52

Miguel de la Madrid
(1934–2012)
December 1, 1982
November 30, 1988
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1982.

53

Carlos Salinas de Gortari
(born 1948)
December 1, 1988
November 30, 1994
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1988.

54

Ernesto Zedillo
(born 1951)
December 1, 1994
November 30, 2000
He was the winner of the federal elections of 1994.

55

Vicente Fox
(born 1942)
December 1, 2000
November 30, 2006
He was the winner of the federal elections of 2000.

56

Felipe Calderón
(born 1962)
December 1, 2006
November 30, 2012
He was the winner of the federal elections of 2006.

57

Enrique Peña Nieto
(born 1966)
December 1, 2012
Incumbent (Term ends on November 30, 2018)
He was the winner of the federal elections of 2012.

text: Living former presidents[edit]

text: As of October 2017, there are five living former presidents of Mexico. The most recent death of a former president was that of Miguel de la Madrid (1982–1988), on April 1, 2012.

text:
Luis Echeverría
(born 1922) served 1970–1976

Carlos Salinas de Gortari
(born 1948) served 1988–1994

Ernesto Zedillo
(born 1951) served 1994–2000

Vicente Fox
(born 1942) served 2000–2006

Felipe Calderón
(born 1962) served 2006–2012

text: Presidents who died in office[edit]

text:
President
Term of office
Date of death
Notes

Benito Juárez
1859–1864
1867–1872
July 18, 1872 (age 66)
He is the only President of Mexico who died as a result of a non-violent cause while in office.

Venustiano Carranza
1914–1920
May 21, 1920 (age 60)
He is the only President of Mexico to be assassinated in office.

text: Timeline[edit]


document_title: A Wise Old Owl

question_text: where does the saying wise owl come from

text: A Wise Old Owl

text:
"A Wise Old Owl"

The US wartime poster using the rhyme

Nursery rhyme

Songwriter(s)
Unknown

text: "A Wise Old Owl" is an English language nursery rhyme. It has a Roud Folk Song Index number of 7734 and in The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes, 2nd Ed. of 1997, as number 394. The rhyme is an improvement of a traditional nursery rhyme "There was an owl lived in an oak, wisky, wasky, weedle."

text: Lyrics[edit]

text:
A wise old owl lived in an oak
The more he saw the less he spoke
The less he spoke the more he heard.
Why can't we all be like that wise old bird?[1]

text: This version was first published in Punch, April 10, 1875, and ran as follows:

text:
There was an owl liv'd in an oak
The more he heard, the less he spoke
The less he spoke, the more he heard.

text: One version was published upon bookmarks during the mid-1930s, and goes as follows:

text:
A wise old owl lived in an oak,
The more he saw, the less he spoke
The less he spoke, the more he heard,
Now, wasn't he a wise old bird?

text: History[edit]

text: The rhyme refers to the traditional image of owls as the symbol of wisdom. It was recorded as early as 1875 and is apparently older than that.[2] It was quoted by John D. Rockefeller in 1915[1] and is frequently misattributed to Edward Hersey Richards.[3][4][5]

text: During World War II, the United States army used the rhyme on a poster with the tweaked ending, "Soldier.... be like that old bird!" with the caption "Silence means security."[6]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b c I. Opie and P. Opie, The Oxford Dictionary of Nursery Rhymes (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1951, 2nd edn., 1997), p. 403.
Jump up ^ Punch Vol. LXVIII. 10 April 1875. Retrieved 2012-10-28.
Jump up ^ "Edward Hersey Richards". PoemHunter.com. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "A Wise Old Owl". LibertyandLife. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "Quotes By Edward Hersey Richards". QuotePixel. Retrieved 4 August 2013.
Jump up ^ "World War II Poster: Wise Old Owl Sat in an Oak". About, Inc. Retrieved 2007-04-11.

tag: ol

text: Roud Folk Song Index songsAmerican nursery rhymesFictional owlsSongs about birdsSongwriter unknown1870s songsYear of song unknown


document_title: Casting vote

question_text: who breaks a tie in the house of representatives

text: Casting vote

text: Not used in Robert's Rules of Order[edit]

text: Under some rules of parliamentary procedure, notably Robert's Rules of Order, the presiding officer does not have a casting vote in the way it is normally understood as a means to break ties. Instead, the officer has a normal vote but exercises it only after other members have voted, and only if it would make a difference.[1] This allows the presiding officer to vote against a motion to bring it to a tie and defeat it (for instance, if the vote is 50-49, the presiding officer could defeat the vote by voting against) in addition to breaking a tie by voting in favour.[1] The intent behind this rule is to give the presiding officer the same voting rights as other members while preserving their impartiality whenever possible, by not having them vote unless it would change the outcome.[1]

text: Exceptions[edit]

text: Some legislatures have abandoned the concept of a casting vote. For example, the Speaker of the New Zealand House of Representatives formerly held a casting vote similar to that of the Speaker of the British House of Commons. Today, however, the Speaker simply votes as an ordinary member—and since an outright majority is necessary for a bill to pass, a tie is considered a defeat.

text: Some legislatures have a dual approach. In the Australian Parliament, the Speaker of the House of Representatives may not vote in general debates but has a casting vote to decide a tie. The President of the Senate usually votes in general debates, commonly based on party lines. The President does not have a casting vote, and a tied vote in the Senate is resolved in the negative. The same arrangements exist with respect to the Speakers of the Canadian House and Senate.

text: While having the same right to vote as any member of the House, the Speaker of the United States House of Representatives, to maintain the appearance of impartiality, typically does not vote unless doing so would make a difference. This is, in effect, a casting vote.

text: In the Congress of the Philippines, the presiding officers, who are openly partisan, of the two chambers have different rules on casting votes in case of a tie. In the Senate, the President of the Senate votes last; therefore, if the motion is tied, it is lost. Meanwhile, the Speaker of the House of Representatives (or any presiding officer) does not vote unless there is a tie, which is rare; in this casting vote, the presiding officer usually votes based on the party line.

text: Casting vote at elections[edit]

text: At one time, in United Kingdom parliamentary elections, the Returning Officer (if an elector in the constituency) was allowed to give an additional casting vote to decide the election if there was a tie between two or more candidates. An example of this power being used was in the Bandon by-election of 22 July 1831. This type of casting vote does not now exist: ties in United Kingdom elections are now broken by drawing lots, using a method decided upon by the Returning Officer.[2]

text: In the Canadian provinces of Ontario and New Brunswick, the returning officer still has a casting vote in the event of a tie. Ties in Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, as well as the territory of Yukon, are now broken by lots as in the United Kingdom. In the remaining provinces and territories, as well as in federal elections, a tie vote results in a by-election held to elect a new member (who need not have been a candidate in the first election).


document_title: Letters from a Father to His Daughter

question_text: who translated in hindi letters of jawaharlal nehru to indira gandhi

text: Letters from a Father to His Daughter

text:
Letters from a Father to His Daughter
Book cover from a Puffin Book editionAuthor
Jawaharlal NehruTranslator
in hindiIllustrator
Puffin BooksCountry
IndiaLanguage
English(original),HindiPublisher
Allahabad Law Journal PressPublication date
1929OCLC
47215515

text: Letters from a Father to His Daughter is a collection of 30 letters written by Jawaharlal Nehru in 1928 to his daughter Indira Gandhi when she was 10 years old. The letters were education pieces on the subjects of natural and human history. At the time of the letter's writing, Nehru was in Allahabad, while Indira was in Mussoorie. While original letters written by Nehru were in English, they were translated into Hindi by the Hindi novelist Munshi Premchand under the name Pita Ke Patra Putri Ke Naam.[1] Currently the intellectual rights of the book remain with Priyanka Gandhi.


document_title: Preacher (TV series)

question_text: what is the premise of the show preacher

text: Preacher (TV series)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Dominic Cooper as Jesse Custer, a small-town preacher with a criminal past and a newly discovered superpower to command others to do as he says.[5] Dominic Ruggieri portrays 10-year-old Jesse.
Joseph Gilgun as Cassidy, a vice-loving vampire who's proud to join Jesse on his search for God.[6]
Ruth Negga as Tulip O'Hare, Jesse's volatile, hell-raising girlfriend.[7] Ashley Aufderheide portrays 10-year old Tulip.
Lucy Griffiths as Emily Woodrow, a single mother, waitress, church organist, bookkeeper, and Jesse's loyal right hand. (season 1)[8]
W. Earl Brown as Sheriff Hugo Root, Annville's local lawman. (main season 1; guest season 2)[9]
Derek Wilson as Donnie Schenck, Odin Quincannon's right-hand man. (season 1)[10][11]
Ian Colletti as Eugene "Arseface" Root, Jesse's most faithful parishioner, and Sheriff Root's son.[12]
Tom Brooke as Fiore, one of two Adephi angels tasked with watching the half-demon, half-angelic creature named Genesis. (main season 1; guest season 2)[13]
Anatol Yusef as DeBlanc, one of two Adephi angels tasked with watching the half-demon, half-angelic creature named Genesis. (season 1)[14]
Graham McTavish as The Saint of Killers, a supernatural, unstoppable killing machine summoned from Hell to destroy Jesse.[15]
Pip Torrens as Herr Starr, member of the Grail, a powerful, super-secret organization.[16] Starr was briefly introduced in the season 1 episode "The Possibilities", although played by a different actor.[17][18] (cameo season 1; main season 2)
Noah Taylor as Adolf Hitler (season 2)[16]
Julie Ann Emery as Lara Featherstone, one of the Grail's best operatives. (season 2)[16]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Jackie Earle Haley as Odin Quincannon, a powerful man in Annville who runs Quincannon Meat & Power, a 125-year-old family run cattle slaughterhouse business.[19] The original pilot featured Elizabeth Perkins as Vyla Quincannon, a female version of the character, but the writers ultimately opted to make Quincannon male as in the comics. (season 1)[20]
Ricky Mabe as Miles Person, the mayor of Annville. (season 1)
Jamie Anne Allman as Betsy Schenck, a masochistic woman who is regularly beaten by her husband, Donnie. (season 1)[10]
Nathan Darrow as John Custer, Jesse's preacher father. (season 1)
Malcolm Barrett as Hoover, one of the Grail's best operatives. (season 2)[16]
Ronald Guttman as Denis, an aged son of Cassidy's who lives in New Orleans. (season 2)[16]
Justin Prentice as Tyler, a prisoner in Hell. (season 2)[16]
Amy Hill as Ms. Mannering, a warden of Hell. (season 2)

text: Production[edit]

text: On November 16, 2013, it was announced that AMC was developing a TV series based on the DC Vertigo comic book series Preacher.[21] On November 18, 2013, it was revealed that Seth Rogen and Evan Goldberg were developing the series pilot with Sam Catlin, and that it would be distributed by Sony Pictures Television.[22] On February 6, 2014, AMC ordered a pilot script to be written by Rogen and Goldberg, and confirmed Sam Catlin would serve as showrunner.[23] On December 3, 2014, AMC ordered the pilot, written by Catlin, to be filmed.[24] Comic creators Steve Dillon and Garth Ennis serve as co-executive producers for the series.[1]

text: In March 2015, Ruth Negga was cast as Tulip O'Hare, the ex-girlfriend of Jesse Custer, and Joe Gilgun was cast as Cassidy, an Irish vampire and the best friend of Custer.[6] In April 2015, Lucy Griffiths was cast as Emily Woodrow, a character described as a no-nonsense single mother of three who is a waitress, the church organist, bookkeeper and Jesse’s loyal right hand."[8] Also in April, it was confirmed that Dominic Cooper would play Custer.[5] On May 14, 2015, Rogen revealed that filming on the pilot episode of Preacher had started. Rogen additionally revealed that he and Goldberg would be directing the pilot.[23]

text: The series was officially picked up for series with ten episodes on September 9, 2015.[1]

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)
July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)

2
13
June 25, 2017 (2017-06-25)
September 11, 2017 (2017-09-11)

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Pilot"
Seth Rogen & Evan Goldberg
Story by : Seth Rogen & Evan Goldberg & Sam Catlin
Teleplay by : Sam Catlin
May 22, 2016 (2016-05-22)
2.38[25]

An entity crosses the galaxy and finds its way to Earth, where it inhabits a preacher in Africa who explodes soon after. The same phenomenon is observed at a Satanic Temple in Russia and in a gathering of Scientologists. Meanwhile, in Texas, Jesse Custer, a preacher with a sordid past, begins to lose his faith in his church and debates leaving. Tulip O'Hare, a mysterious woman from Jesse's violent past, propositions him with a job, but Jesse turns her down. Cassidy, an Irish vampire, lands in Texas after a violent episode on a private jet. Jesse has a run-in with the abusive husband of one of his churchgoers and quickly subdues him and his friends, meeting Cassidy in the process. Jesse heads to the church to ask for a sign to continue. The entity appears in the church and inhabits Jesse. Three days later, Jesse awakens and decides not to leave the church, saying he is not quite done yet.

2
2
"See"
Seth Rogen & Evan Goldberg
Sam Catlin
June 5, 2016 (2016-06-05)
2.08[26]

In 1881, a cowboy leaves his home, searching for medicine for his sick daughter. In the present, Jesse baptizes his congregants. One of them, Linus, confesses to Jesse about his urges. Odin Quincannon and his employees tear down a home after purchasing its land. At the church, Jesse takes a drink from Cassidy's flask and passes out due to its potency. DeBlanc and Fiore attempt to extract what's inside Jesse: First with a song, then with a chainsaw. Cassidy interrupts and is shot, but manages to kill them. Tulip continues to nag Jesse about the "job", but he refuses. Jesse uses his new power on Linus. Cassidy buries the bodies of the two men, but are back in their motel room being interrogated by Sheriff Root, who tell him "We're from the Government".

3
3
"The Possibilities"
Scott Winant
Chris Kelley
June 12, 2016 (2016-06-12)
1.75[27]

Tulip meets a woman named Dany in Houston, Texas and receives a piece of paper with the address of the enigmatic Carlos, with Tulip intending Jesse to aid her in confronting and killing the man who ruined their lives. Jesse tests the limits of his newly found abilities of persuasion and finally understands the nature of his abilities when Donnie confronts him with a gun, with Jesse later holding control over him. Cassidy tells Jesse of the possibilities of his abilities, while discovering the true nature of Fiore and DeBlanc; that they are angels from Heaven and that people will die if they do not retrieve what is inside Jesse.

4
4
"Monster Swamp"
Craig Zisk
Sara Goodman
June 19, 2016 (2016-06-19)
1.14[28]

Cassidy tries to tell Jesse about Fiore and DeBlanc, though it falls on deaf ears as Jesse is distracted by the thought of rebooting All Saints Congregational, wanting more visitors. He later converts atheist Odin Quincannon to Christianity, using his power, in front of the entire congregation to achieve that goal. Angry at the death of a woman, Tulip carries out a form of vigilante justice, but the consequences are not as expected as she mistakenly throws Cassidy out of a window, only to discover him to be an immortal vampire.

5
5
"South Will Rise Again"
Michael Slovis
Craig Rosenberg
June 26, 2016 (2016-06-26)
1.43[29]

Eugene asks for Jesse's help with him and his dad after a disturbing message is conveyed to Eugene. Jesse abides and helps him in more ways than one. Fiore and DeBlanc attempt to assuage their reason to be on Earth, but are unable to convey their message. Jesse meets with the angels, who inform him of Genesis and Jesse's powers are not to be used; but Jesse has been abusing them to help those who have come to him after persuading Quincannon at the church. Tulip and Cassidy bond after her learning of Cassidy's secret and Quincannon meets with the Green Acres representatives to unexpected results.

6
6
"Sundowner"
Guillermo Navarro
Nick Towne
July 3, 2016 (2016-07-03)
1.49[30]

Jesse, Fiore, and DeBlanc head to the motel after a scuffle with another angel at the restaurant, which leads to more trouble than they had expected until Cassidy intervenes. Eugene makes new friends at school. Tulip reaches an understanding with Emily and helps with her chores. Eugene comes to Jesse in the church to have him take back the "forgiveness" Jesse bestowed the town. In anger, Jesse tells Eugene to "go to hell," making him disappear.

7
7
"He Gone"
Michael Morris
Mary Laws
July 10, 2016 (2016-07-10)
1.55[31]

In the present, Odin Quincannon asks Jesse to sign over the church, claiming to have won the bet. Jesse lies to the sheriff about whether he knows what happened to Eugene and tears up the floor of the church in a desperate attempt to get Eugene back. Cassidy confronts Jesse about sending Eugene to Hell, and exposes himself to the sunlight, revealing exactly what he is to Jesse. Even though a young Jesse and Tulip have grown close, Jesse's father hands Tulip over to child protective services. That night, Jesse angrily prays that god will kill his father and send him to hell. Later, armed men come to the church and kill Jesse's father as Jesse confesses that he prayed for this to happen.

8
8
"El Valero"
Kate Dennis
Olivia Dufault
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
1.65[32]

In the 1980s, Odin Quincannon lost his family in a gondola accident during winter, prompting his spark for Atheism. Jesse fends off Quincannon's attempts to tear down the church, and sees Eugene come back from Hell. Tulip decides to buy a dog. DeBlanc and Fiore are called to the church to extract Genesis in exchange for bringing Eugene back. While Quincannon becomes impatient and plans his assault once again, Donnie figures a way around Jesse's power. Though Genesis is extracted, it manages to escape after an argument with Jesse, Fiore, and DeBlanc happens. Jesse asks for one more chance from Quincannon with a bigger bet than before.

9
9
"Finish the Song"
Michael Slovis
Craig Rosenberg
July 24, 2016 (2016-07-24)
1.57[33]

In 1800s Ratwater, the Butcher of Gettysburg returns to massacre those who killed his family. In the present, Jesse tells Sheriff Root where Eugene is before escaping from the cop car into the night. Fiore and DeBlanc book a trip to Hell. Tulip asks Emily to take care of Cassidy while she takes care of something else; with Emily seeing just what Cassidy really is. Sheriff Root makes a discovery in Fiore and DeBlanc's hotel room. Cassidy and Jesse make amends with the former helping Jesse with using the Heaven's phone to find God.

10
10
"Call and Response"
Sam Catlin
Sam Catlin
July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)
1.72[34]

Tulip comes back looking for Jesse, and finds him in an unusual place. Sheriff Root interrogates Cassidy for Eugene's whereabouts. Carlos' betrayal comes to light and revenge comes to the fold. After deliberation, Tulip and Jesse decide what to do with Carlos. While the police move in to where they think Jesse is, Donnie, Tulip, Betsy, and Jesse make preparations for the call to God. Though Quincannon shouts his issues with the existence of God to the crowd, Jesse attempts to make the call with technical issues. God seemingly shows up to answer the crowd's questions, but Jesse has questions of his own. With Genesis, Jesse gets "God" to reveal that the man is an imposter and that God is missing and no one knows where he is. With people's faith shattered from the call, consequences for the townspeople happen in various ways, which leads to the destruction of Annville. While at a diner, Jesse's new plan is to travel and find God.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"On the Road"
Seth Rogen & Evan Goldberg
Sam Catlin
June 25, 2017 (2017-06-25)
1.69[35]

Jesse, Tulip, and Cassidy start their journey to find God, which is quickly put on hold after a police car flags them down and they go on a car chase involving multiple police cars. When they stop due to empty gas, Jesse uses Genesis to make the police officers do embarrassing things, but they are abruptly interrupted by the Saint of Killers who begins massacring all of them. Barely getting away, the trio make their way to Mike, a religious scholar that Jesse knows through his father. Mike reveals that a local strip club manager has supposedly seen God frequent the strip club. Mike later kills himself when the Saint of Killers arrives shortly after the trio leave, to avoid telling him where Jesse is. At the strip club, the manager is forced to tell Jesse and Tulip that God only came because he liked the jazz music, after she is shot accidentally by a security guard that Cassidy was fighting. At a motel later that night, Jesse sees the Saint of Killers walking up the road, and learns that Genesis is unable to work on him.

12
2
"Mumbai Sky Tower"
Seth Rogen & Evan Goldberg
Sam Catlin
June 26, 2017 (2017-06-26)
1.35[36]

Jesse, Cassidy, and Tulip narrowly escape from the Saint of Killers, learning of Annville's fate in the process. Cassidy then remembers that he saw Fiore on television, now an act at a local Indian-style casino and hotel. It is revealed that after coming back from Hell, Fiore attempted to kill himself after the loss of DeBlanc, but ended up earning a job instead as a novelty act where he kills himself and comes back to life. Upon questioning, Fiore reveals to Jesse and Cassidy that the man hunting them down is the Saint of Killers and that the two angels hired him to kill Genesis/Jesse. Cassidy promises Jesse he can "convince" Fiore to call off the Saint of Killers. While at the casino, Tulip runs into a man from her past and kills him during a fight. At the bar, Jesse comes to the conclusion that he might find God in New Orleans. Leaving the hotel, Jesse tells Fiore to "find peace". Fiore tells the Saint of Killers that the contract is still valid, and then asks the Saint to finally kill him, which he does.

13
3
"Damsels"
Michael Slovis
Sara Goodman
July 3, 2017 (2017-07-03)
1.11[37]

Arriving in New Orleans, Jesse, Tulip and Cassidy search jazz bars looking for God. Jesse is appalled, when a man in a dog costume is presented to them as God to be sexually abused. Eventually, Jesse meets a singer, who is later kidnapped by a mysterious group and saved by Jesse. She reveals that someone previously had told her God was missing, and that the man later turned up dead. The woman is later revealed to be an operative for the mysterious group and confirms Genesis' existence to their boss, Herr Starr. In the meantime, Tulip and Cassidy go to a house owned by Denis, seemingly a friend of Cassidy's. Tulip tells Cassidy that she is hiding from a man named Viktor, whom she previously betrayed. Hoping to end the problem, Tulip allows herself to be found and caught by Viktor's men. Meanwhile in Hell, Eugene is made to relive the memory of the day he became "Arseface" repeatedly, with the memory showing it was not his fault. A dysfunction in Hell eventually pulls him out of the memory and shows him to be in a prison-type location. He learns that his cell's door is unlocked and walks out into a long corridor filled with cells. Calling out for help, Eugene is shocked and terrified to see Adolf Hitler walk out of the cell next to him.

14
4
"Viktor"
Michael Slovis
Craig Rosenberg
July 10, 2017 (2017-07-10)
1.19[38]

In an infomercial, Cassidy recognizes the actor who played the imposter God who spoke to Jesse's congregation. They locate his talent manager who provides them with a demo reel given to him by the people who hired the actor. In the tape, the man is executed in order to get to Heaven. Cassidy reveals to Jesse that Tulip went to Viktor and may be in danger. Tulip is met with an extremely frosty reception from everyone at Viktor's home, before Jesse arrives to save her. After confronting Viktor, Tulip tells Jesse that Viktor is her husband. Meanwhile in Hell, the cells keep breaking down, and in down times, Eugene bonds with Hitler and learns that his worst memory is 1918 Munich, when he met an art gallery owner. The superintendent of the ward meets with Eugene to tell him to act evil, because he is in Hell, and that they will be watching him, sanctioning deviant behavior. Upon returning, Hitler is beaten by a fellow inmate, Tyler, with other inmates joining in. Eugene sees the camera and begins to kick Hitler.

15
5
"Dallas"
Michael Morris
Philip Buiser
July 17, 2017 (2017-07-17)
1.27[39]

In flashbacks, it is shown what happened to Jesse and Tulip after Carlos betrayed them and Tulip lost their unborn child in Dallas. They try to lead a normal life with legal jobs, but fail to get pregnant again. After a while, Tulip secretly resumes her work as a contract criminal. When Jesse finds out that she is back in crime, also learning that she has been taking contraceptive pills all the time, he decides to return to his father's church in order to become a preacher himself, which leads to their breakup. After that Tulip meets Viktor and marries him for his money and power. However, when Dany calls her and tells her that she found Carlos, she leaves Viktor immediately. In the present, Jesse ponders to kill Viktor, while Tulip takes her stepdaughter to Denis' house. However, Cassidy can persuade his friend not to do it, claiming Tulip has never stopped loving him. Instead, Jesse makes Viktor sign the divorce papers. In the evening, the Saint of Killers appears at Viktor's house looking for Jesse and kills Viktor. At gunpoint, his scared daughter, who has been hiding in a closet, tells the murderer that she knows where Jesse is.

16
6
"Sokosha"
David Evans
Mary Laws
July 24, 2017 (2017-07-24)
1.19[40]

When the Saint of Killers turns up at Denis' home, Jesse, Tulip and Cassidy are just able to escape. At a library, they do research on their pursuer and find out that he has lost his soul. Jesse confronts the Saint and makes a deal with him: He will get him a new soul, so he can enter heaven. Tulip, Cassidy and Denis, who turns out to be Cassidy's son, have to stay behind. Searching for a soul at a voodoo shop, Jesse learns that a Japanese company has taken over the soul-dealing business. It is revealed that Jesse comes from a family called L'Angelle, who somehow used to be involved in this. Being unable to find a matching soul in the company's armored truck, Jesse finds out that his own soul does. So he extracts 1% of it and gives it to the Saint just in time. Instead of sending him to Hell, Jesse disarms the Saint of Killers, locks him in the armored truck, and drives it to a place called Angelville, where he sinks it in a swamp.

17
7
"Pig"
Wayne Yip
Olivia Dufault
July 31, 2017 (2017-07-31)
1.25[41]

In Vietnam, Herr Starr investigates the case of a floating pig, which has generated media exposure, and resolves the matter by ruthlessly killing everyone involved. In flashbacks, it is shown how he joined a powerful organization called the Grail, which preserves the lineage of Jesus Christ for the apocalypse and fights relentlessly any conflicting lore. Meanwhile in New Orleans, Jesse, Tulip and Cassidy participate in a game where people get shot at while wearing a bulletproof vest and trick the other players in order to rob their money. Afterwards, Denis tells his father that he is dying from congestive heart failure and wants to be turned into a vampire to survive, but Cassidy declines. While Tulip suffers from nightmares about the Saint of Killers, Jesse has second thoughts about having sacrificed part of his soul for his friends and discusses the matter with a street preacher. Herr Starr is given the information on his phone that his next target is Jesse.

18
8
"Holes"
Maja Vrvilo
Mark Stegemann
August 7, 2017 (2017-08-07)
1.15[42]

In Hell, the superintendent announces that the reason for the power outages is a person who is not supposed to be there and vows to find the culprit. Hitler suspects that it is Eugene and tricks him to help another prisoner. For his good deed, Eugene is thrown into the "Hole", where he is shown a fabricated memory of Tracy not shooting herself, but telling him that she promised herself to God as well as kissing Jesse, so that in the end Eugene still maims himself with the gun. When he returns to the others, Hitler offers to help him escape. Meanwhile in New Orleans, Denis' health deteriorates, and he insists that Cassidy makes him a vampire. Jesse has the audition tape analyzed: the serial number of the gun in the video has been filed off, and there is the reflection of a coffee pot. When Tulip has a new refrigerator installed at the apartment, she follows the holes left by the bullet of the Saint of Killers to the adjacent apartments and finds Lara Featherstone, an agent of Herr Starr who has been surveying Jesse. On a phone call, Cassidy asks someone called Seamus for advice on how to handle Denis and gets told not to do it.

19
9
"Puzzle Piece"
Michael Dowse
Craig Rosenberg
August 14, 2017 (2017-08-14)
0.99[43]

The agents of the Grail discover evidence of Jesse's power, but Herr Starr, uninterested, orders them to kill Jesse. After a whole Grail SWAT team fails, Herr Starr is advised to activate "B.R.A.D." in order to complete the task. During the fight with the soldiers, it is revealed that Cassidy has indeed turned Denis into a vampire. While B.R.A.D. is readied, Herr Starr starts to take an interest in Jesse, after finding out that he is searching for God, and starts reading his file for the first time. B.R.A.D., revealed to be a combat drone, has been activated and is about to blow up Denis' apartment with a missile, when Herr Starr calls the mission off, having found something of interest in Jesse's file. The missile destroys Harry Connick Jr.'s house instead, killing the singer. Herr Starr meets Jesse at a bar and offers help in the quest for God.

20
10
"Dirty Little Secret"
Steph Green
Mary Laws
August 21, 2017 (2017-08-21)
1.03[44]

While Lara Featherstone worms her way into Tulip's confidence in order to make mischief and Cassidy bonds with his son, who appears to have no control over his vampire desires, Jesse repeatedly uses his powers on Herr Starr to make him reveal the true nature of the Grail. He learns that it was the Grail who hired and killed the God imposter. However, it becomes clear that neither the organization, nor the Christian religious leaders know God's whereabouts. Later, Jesse meets the latest descendant of Jesus Christ, an imbecile from inbreeding called Humperdoo, who is clearly unfit to fulfill the role of the new Messiah. Herr Starr suggests that Jesse should use his powers to fill the gap left by God missing, which Jesse declines, relying on his friends. Meanwhile, Tulip is manipulated and led to find the Saint of Killers' weapons, which makes her want to confront Jesse about it.

21
11
"Backdoors"
Norberto Barba
Sara Goodman
August 28, 2017 (2017-08-28)
0.90[45]

In flashbacks, a teenage Jesse is submerged by his grandmother L'Angelle in a pond locked inside a coffin to break his will. In the present, when Jesse and Tulip have the armored truck raised from the swamp, the Saint of Killers seems to have disappeared, leading to tensions within the group. Herr Starr reveals his plan to replace the retarded Messiah with Jesse to his agents. Jesse has an intuition that the man in the dog costume, whom he met briefly when he first started his search for God in New Orleans, might have been the Almighty after all. However, when he returns to that place, the person is no longer there. Tulip tries to have the weapons of the Saint melted down, but finds out they cannot be destroyed; she then sends them to Brazil by mail. After playing a recording of Jesse's prayers to him, including the one where he begged for his father's death, Herr Starr repeats his offer of Jesse taking over God's job, which Jesse declines again. As a consequence, it is revealed that the armored truck has been swapped by the Grail, and the Saint of Killers is released by an operative on Starr's order. In Hell, after having seen Hitler's worst memory of his last day as a good person, Eugene accepts his help to escape and they enter the "Hole" for a backdoor together.

22
12
"On Your Knees"
Michael Slovis
Sam Catlin & Rachel Wagner
September 4, 2017 (2017-09-04)
1.10[46]

In the "Hole" in Hell, Hitler tells Eugene that he has to prove that he does not belong there in order to find the backdoor. After Eugene stands up to his father, Sheriff Root, in one scenario of Tracy's suicide, they can escape through a shaft. In a flashback, it is shown how the Grail secured the cooperation of the Saint of Killers by freeing him of his new soul, thus restoring his powers. Meanwhile, Jesse declares that he does not want to think about God anymore. After his release, the Saint of Killers attacks Jesse and his friends at Denis' apartment, injuring Tulip, Cassidy and Denis in the process, but is stopped by the superintendent from Hell, who threatens to put his family in Hell. As a result, she takes him with her, telling Jesse that he is fortunate to have Herr Starr on his side. Back in Hell, the Saint demands to meet Satan. The ambulance that Jesse uses to take his friends to the hospital belongs to the Grail and brings Tulip and Cassidy to Herr Starr, who reveals his plans for Jesse to them, also telling them that Jesse does not really care for them. After watching the news on TV, in which the Pope announces God's disappearance and the coming of the Messiah (Humperdoo), Jesse draws the conclusion that he has no other choice but to take over God's job. He calls on Herr Starr, who then kneels before him.

23
13
"The End of the Road"
Wayne Yip
Sam Catlin
September 11, 2017 (2017-09-11)
0.97[47]

In a flashback, the teenage Jesse steals money from tourists in Angelville and is bullied by the men who work for his grandmother. When he kills a chicken in a fit of rage, he asks his grandmother to revive the animal. However, she tells him that it comes at a price. In the present, Jesse holds his first filmed speech as the new Messiah in front of a school class, when armed Armenians storm the room and are defeated in hand to hand combat by Jesse. Afterwards, Herr Starr tells him that the attack had been staged and that the video is going viral. Next, Jesse is supposed to appear as a guest in Jimmy Kimmel's talk show, but Jesse claims that this is not what he had intended. In the end, Herr Starr enforces Jesse's cooperation by showing him the vial containing his soul fragment. Cassidy realizes that Denis cannot control his own vampire desires and kills his son by exposing him to sunlight. After Tulip uncovers that Lara Featherstone has been spying on the group, she is shot fatally by her. When Genesis does not work to save Tulip, Jesse − seemingly having lost his powers − prevents Cassidy from turning her into a vampire, leading to her death. Jesse and Cassidy drive her body to Angelville, where the resurrected chicken is still alive. When Eugene and Hitler manage to escape Hell, Hitler bolts immediately. In a motel room with the Man Dog costume, God emerges from the bathroom.

text: Specials[edit]

text: AMC aired a marathon of the first five episodes of Preacher from June 30 to July 1, 2016, with bonus, behind-the-scenes footage within each episode.[48]

text: Talking Preacher[edit]

text: Talking Preacher is a live aftershow hosted by Chris Hardwick which features guests discussing episodes of Preacher. The show uses the same format as Talking Dead, Talking Bad, and Talking Saul, which are also hosted by Hardwick.[49]

text: The first episode of Talking Preacher debuted immediately following the pilot encore on May 29, 2016, with guests Seth Rogen, Evan Goldberg, Dominic Cooper and Sam Catlin, and received 538,000 viewers.[50] The second installment aired following the Preacher season one finale on July 31, 2016, with guests Rogen, Goldberg and Ian Colletti,[51] and received 620,000 viewers.[52]

text: The aftershow returned for the first two episodes of Preacher's second season, with an installment airing directly after the second episode on June 26, 2017, with guests Dominic Cooper, Graham McTavish and Sam Catlin,[53] and received 441,000 viewers.[54] A third episode aired following the second season finale which included guests Dominic Cooper, Sam Catlin, Ian Colletti and Pip Torrens, and received 298,000 viewers.[55]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Season 1 received largely positive reviews from critics. Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the series an approval rating of 90%, based on 62 reviews, with an average rating of 7.66/10. The site's critical consensus states, "A thrilling celebration of the bizarre, Preacher boasts enough gore, glee, and guile to make this visually stunning adaptation a must-see for fans of the comic and newcomers alike."[56] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the series a score of 76 out of 100, based on 37 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[57]

text: Eric Goldman of IGN, gave the pilot episode an 8.8/10, praising the "Great mixture of comic and horror elements" and the "Excellent casting", particularly praising Ruth Negga's Tulip.[58]

text: The second season received generally positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, the season has an approval rating of 90%, based 22 reviews, with an average rating of 7.58/10. The site's critical consensus states, "Preacher's sophomore season benefits from more focused storytelling, without sacrificing any of its gorgeous, violent, insane fun."[59] On Metacritic, it has a score of 76 out of 100, based on 9 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[60]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"Pilot"
May 22, 2016
0.9
2.38[25]
0.8
1.83
1.7
4.21[61]

2
"See"
June 5, 2016
0.8
2.08[26]
0.8
1.71
1.6
3.78[62]

3
"The Possibilities"
June 12, 2016
0.7
1.75[27]
0.7
1.62
1.4
3.38[63]

4
"Monster Swamp"
June 19, 2016
0.4
1.14[28]
0.7
1.38
1.1
2.52[64]

5
"South Will Rise Again"
June 26, 2016
0.5
1.43[29]
0.6
1.48
1.1
2.91[65]

6
"Sundowner"
July 3, 2016
0.5
1.49[30]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
"He Gone"
July 10, 2016
0.6
1.55[31]
N/A
1.58
N/A
3.13[66]

8
"El Valero"
July 17, 2016
0.6
1.65[32]
0.7
1.53
1.3
3.18[67]

9
"Finish the Song"
July 24, 2016
0.6
1.57[33]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

10
"Call and Response"
July 31, 2016
0.6
1.72[34]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"On the Road"
June 25, 2017
0.6
1.69[35]
0.6
1.41
1.2
3.11[68]

2
"Mumbai Sky Tower"
June 26, 2017
0.4
1.35[36]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3
"Damsels"
July 3, 2017
0.4
1.11[37]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

4
"Viktor"
July 10, 2017
0.4
1.19[38]
0.5
1.15
0.9
2.34[69]

5
"Dallas"
July 17, 2017
0.4
1.27[39]
0.4
1.12
0.8
2.39[70]

6
"Sokosha"
July 24, 2017
0.4
1.19[40]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
"Pig"
July 31, 2017
0.5
1.25[41]
0.4
1.18
0.9
2.43[71]

8
"Holes"
August 7, 2017
0.4
1.15[42]
0.4
1.06
0.8
2.21[72]

9
"Puzzle Piece"
August 14, 2017
0.4
0.99[43]
0.4
1.25
0.8
2.25[73]

10
"Dirty Little Secret"
August 21, 2017
0.3
1.03[44]
0.4
1.08
0.7
2.11[74]

11
"Backdoors"
August 28, 2017
0.3
0.90[45]
0.4
1.00
0.7
1.90[75]

12
"On Your Knees"
September 4, 2017
0.3
1.10[46]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

13
"The End of the Road"
September 11, 2017
0.4
0.97[47]
0.4
0.96
0.7
1.94[76]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Award
Category
Nominee
Result
Ref

2016
Hollywood Post Alliance Awards
Outstanding Sound - Television
Richard Yawn, Mark Linden, Tara Paul
Nominated
[77]

2017
American Society of Cinematographers Awards
Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Regular Series for Commercial Television
John Grillo
Nominated
[78]

Art Directors Guild Awards
One Hour Contemporary Single-Camera Television Series
David Blass, Mark Zuelzke, Kirsten Oglesby, Derek Jensen, Gregory G. Sandoval, Taura C.C. Rivera, Tyler Standen, Brandon Arrington, Amy Lynn Umezu, Edward McLoughlin
Nominated
[79]

Saturn Awards
Best Fantasy Television Series
Preacher
Nominated
[80]


document_title: Steve Smith (American Dad!)

question_text: who does steve smith singing voice on american dad

text: Steve Smith (American Dad!)

text: Personality[edit]

text: Steve Smith is the baby of the family, Stan and Francine's high-school aged son. He attends Pearl Bailey High School. Steve is portrayed as an enthusiastic, ambitious, and wimpy nerd.[3] In the official series, he is not presented as nerdy as he is in the show's unaired precursory pilot when his appearance, voice and manner greatly contrasted from what they would eventually become. In the precursory pilot, Steve was also gawkier, scrawnier and voiced by Ricky Blitt (as opposed to Scott Grimes). In the official series, he's become emphasized as soft, emotional, cute and endearing. As part of his emotional and sensitive character, Steve is combined with a screechy wail. Despite his wimpy and nerdy characteristics, Steve is particularly conceited and obnoxious. He is all too often a showman, always ready to put on a performance and show off his "talents", typically singing/dance wise.[4][5] Steve is usually accompanied by his equally uncool friends: "Snot", Steve's closest friend with whom he shares a bromance,[6] the two once even having shared in a kiss together (in the episode "License to Till"); Toshi, who is an Asian American and only speaks Japanese; and Barry, who is morbidly obese with an inarticulate, strident, and sloppy vocal quality. Steve possesses a keen interest in the opposite sex and has had an obese girlfriend, Debbie, to which Stan disapproved. Steve's relationship with his father is strained with Stan often behaving judgmentally and intolerantly over Steve's nerdiness, immaturity and sensitivity. Steve has been known to cop attitude, sometimes rightfully so at Stan over his offensive acts.

text: Steve was born on October 7. He is portrayed as a stereotypical geek: he is a bit of a social outcast, wears thick glasses and harbors a strong academic interest in science, especially chemistry.[7][8] More typically geeky traits of Steve's include his interests in Dungeons & Dragons, Harry Potter and Star Wars.[9] Like most unpopular students, Steve is often physically and verbally picked on by the bullies of the more popular social circle. Steve's father, Stan, is often frustrated with Steve, as he would prefer that Steve engage in activities that would improve his social standing, like sports, a conflict that was first explored in the first season episode "All About Steve".[10] Stan sometimes attempts to change Steve, usually unsuccessfully, as when he once gave Steve an experimental performance enhancer. The steroid caused Steve to grow female breasts but also ironically made him more popular at school.[11] Steve looks up to his dad as a role model but his naïvete often leads him to follow his dad's advice or convictions, seemingly blindly. This led him to once openly display homophobia.[12] Another time Steve received a failing grade on a presentation about fossils using information he got from Stan because he thought his dad was intelligent, despite Roger's attempts to convince him otherwise.[13]

text: Steve's mother, Francine, does not care that Steve is a geek,[10] and is more protective of him, seeing him as her "baby", a status she once attempted to prolong by using a special drug to keep him from reaching puberty.[14] Steve's red hair comes from Francine, who actually dyes her hair blonde.[15]

text: Steve does not share many interests with his sister, Hayley, but has occasionally collaborated with her on schemes, such as when they tried to break up a young couple so Hayley could get the guy and Steve the girl, which ended up backfiring on both of them getting the couple killed.[16] They have also tried to teach both of their parents individual lessons, like when they tried to teach Francine not to be racist, only to learn that she was actually prejudiced against left-handed people,[17] or when they exacted revenge against Stan for turning a homeless shelter into a bumfight business.[18]

text: Steve and Roger play video games together, get advice from each other and come up with schemes together.[19] For example, he once planned to make a Girls Gone Wild-type video and market it in order to generate money to buy a video game console.[18] In another scheme, Steve and Roger ran away to New York City to make their fortunes, while the rest of the family thought killed when lightning set the family's treehouse on fire.[13] Steve's tendency to inflate his own ego, combined with Roger's easily irritated and vindictive nature, often leads the latter to physically abuse or play a prank on Steve because of a real or perceived slight or insult. Occasionally, Steve gets even, like when he once conned Roger out of $50,000.[20] Despite their love-hate relationship, Steve considers Roger his best friend, even once intervening to rescue the alien from an abusive relationship.[7]

text: A freshman at Pearl Bailey High School, Steve is a highly capable musician, having taken up the cello to once impress a girl.[21] In a later episode, however, Steve says that he has been playing the cello since he was nine.[22] Steve also plays guitar and sings, which he did as part of a band in the episode "American Dream Factory." In fact, both of the songs Steve's band rehearses ("Livin' on the Run" and "Sunset Blvd"), were originally recorded by Scott Grimes, who voices Steve.[23] Among Steve's other talents are being able to read Elvish, use Morse code, and communicate with dolphins.[9][24]

text: While academically skilled,[10] Steve is also quite naïve and not socially savvy. For example, he knows more about the New York Stock Exchange than about prostitution.[13] As a result, he can sometimes be tricked into believing outrageously implausible lies. Roger typically takes advantage of this, especially when he is upset with Steve or when he is simply bored. Once Roger made Steve believe he was not really Stan and Francine's biological child.[25] Another time Roger tricked Steve into believing he was an adolescent wizard, and took him to a drug dealer's house, telling him it was secretly a wizard's school, and the drug lab inside a Potions class.[26]

text: Although normally even-tempered and relatively tolerant, Steve cries when he is notably upset, but he has also had uncontrolled bursts of rage, during which he breaks nearby objects and screams very loudly.[27] If pressed hard enough, Steve will also hit or attack people, such as when he beat up Beauregard La Fontaine for insulting his father, even though he is generally not aggressive or an adept fighter, as he was unable to even make a fist in "Bully for Steve", for example.[13] He also uses childhood paraphernalia that teenagers have typically outgrown, such as the teddy bear he is implied to sleep with in "Live and Let Fry", and the Care Bears towel he is revealed to use in "Camp Refoogee".

text: Steve has also been shown to occasionally struggle with both substance abuse and an addiction to power. In An Apocalypse to Remember, Steve claims to be hooked on "hallucinogenic berries", which ultimately turn out to be poisonous.[28] In a later episode, Steve develops an addiction to the energy drink Cougar Boost, at one point going as far as to defraud his friends with fake tickets in order to obtain money to procure more of the beverage.[29] In the episode Virtual In-Stanity, Francine derides Stan for picking up a drug bunny as a last minute gift, in the process reminding Stan that they just barely got Steve off the heroin from Stan's previous last second gift.[30] In both the pilot episode and You Debt Your Life, Steve demonstrates an addiction to power; in the former case by taking over the school after being turned down by a girl he was trying to impress,[31] in the latter case due to his obsession with making the morning announcements and deciding what is worth broadcasting to the high school.[32] Furthermore, as shown in the episode Jenny Fromdabloc, it is revealed that among his four friends Steve is considered to be the leader of the group going as far back as elementary school, prompting Roger to call Steve the "King of the Nerds".[33] In most cases when his role as the leader of the group is threatened Steve's drive to maintain this position of power results in erratic behavior such as humiliating his friends with personal or compromising information[33] or threats of physical violence against himself or others.[31] In nearly every case outside of his immediate circle of friends, Steve's position of power or authority ends up stripped or removed from him,[32] or in rare cases, remains with him in a curtailed capacity, as was the case in I am the Walrus.[34]

text: In Hurricane!, it appeared that Steve might have a fetish for Asians and pregnant women, either separately or even both, when Francine found multiple magazines in Steve's bedroom. "Stanny Slickers II: The Legend of Ollie's Gold" and "Stan Time" also imply that Steve has a fetish for robotic women (in the former episode, he tried to build a date out of a vacuum cleaner and was shown to have a fully functioning female robot in Stan's vision of the future where Stan is famous after death, but everyone makes rude comments about his children being freaks. In the later episode, one of Steve's porno movie ideas depicts two women making out and turning into robots in a hot tub). Steve has pursued many women but he is said to become "super gay" in the future in the episode Roger Passes the Bar.

text: Friends[edit]

text: Steve has a small group of friends from school that he regularly spends time with. The boys frequently engage in activities which most teenage boys have outgrown, such as slumber parties.[35] The group includes:

text:
Snot, a teenager with curly hair, some noticeable stubble and acne, he is Steve's best friend. His character appears to be based on Booger from Revenge of the Nerds; he is even voiced by Curtis Armstrong. Snot who is Jewish, once had an affair with Steve's then-girlfriend, Gretchen.[36] It is implied in "Roger Passes The Bar" that Snot has joined the army and turned gay, marrying his commanding officer, LT Randall Santana.
Barry, a morbidly obese and apparently simple-minded boy, he has an inarticulate, strident, and sloppy vocal quality. In the episode "With Friends Like Steve's" he is revealed to be a maniacal, demonic genius made to take special "vitamins" to inhibit these evil tendencies, and cause mental retardation. Without taking the pills, he also speaks in an English accent. It is implied in "Roger Passes The Bar" that he grows up to become a gay poet working at Ithaca College, dating his male students.[24]
Toshi, a multilingual Japanese teenager. Although he seems to understand English, he has yet to speak it, with the exception of "Finances with Wolves", in which he yells "Werewolf!" in unison with Snot and Barry, and "Francine's Flashback", in which he yells "Godzilla!". When he speaks Japanese (generally with a very condescending tone), Steve believes he can understand him, though he really does not. In the season 9 episode "Independent Movie" he says "Go on without me" in Japanese, then saying "please go" in perfect English. Toshi has spoken Russian[37] and speaks Spanish when talking on the phone to Francine (though that could be Francine ignorantly thinking Toshi's Japanese is Spanish).[13] Though they are friends, Toshi's greatest wish is to one day kill Steve.[38] Toshi's parents speak perfect English,[39] as does his younger sister, Akiko, who acts as Toshi's translator in episodes such as "Weiner of Our Discontent" and "The Best Little Horror House in Langley Falls". Toshi apparently knows of Roger Smith being an alien as he once called him "that alien in the wig". It is implied in "Roger Passes The Bar", that he has moved to Kyoto, Japan to become an exotic dancer.

text: Romance[edit]

text: Lisa Silver – a cheerleader whom Steve asks out in the "Pilot" episode. He then runs for school president and when he wins, she starts dating him because of his power. When Steve tries to kiss her, she rejects him by calling him repulsive, leaving Steve heartbroken. Steve then has Stan deport Lisa and her family. Later, in "1600 Candles", Steve asks her out to the school dance. When Stan injects Steve with an aging formula, Steve shows up to meet Lisa as an old man and a little kid. She is about to dump him but gives him another chance. Steve then shows up at the dance normal and they dance. Then Roger arrives and pulls Steve's pants down, revealing his one pubic hair, causing some bullies including a member of the football team to give him a swirly.

text: Kim – In "Stan Knows Best", Steve has Roger dress up like Hayley and pretend to be a burn victim to get a date with Kim. But when Kim spends more time with Roger, Steve calls Roger ugly, causing Kim to leave.

text: Lindsay Coolidge – a girl that Steve asks out in "Francine's Flashback". She only agrees to go out with him if he can find a date for Lindsay's ugly friend, Jewel. Steve tricks Roger to go on a double date with him. When Jewel finds out that Roger is an alien, she tells Lindsay, causing Roger to knock them out. Then Stan has their memories of the date erased. Lindsay returns in "Big Trouble in Little Langley", where she becomes attracted to Steve after he blows things up with the fireworks his grandparents gave him. She said that if he blew up a person, she'd let him touch her boobs. Steve then tries to blow up Roger, but it fails and blasts his fingers off. Paramedics arrive and reattach Steve's fingers, after which Lindsay lets Steve touch her breasts but because of the medication the paramedics gave him, Steve couldn't feel her breasts. Lindsay takes it as an insult and leaves. She next appears in "Choosy Wives Choose Smith", where Steve begins playing the cello to impress her. After his recital, Steve rejects Lindsay and chooses Simon, a stray cat that got run over because of Steve.

text: Betsy White – the daughter of Chuck and Christie White, whom Steve develops a crush on in "Deacon Stan, Jesus Man". Later, Betsy (who had herself become interested in Steve) kisses Steve and because Steve was pregnant with Roger's baby at the time, the baby transferred into Betsy. It causes her parents to disown her and send her to her aunt's farm in Iowa. She became happy to be a teenage mother because it freed her from gymnastics. It is implied that she still loves Steve.

text: Svetlana – a Russian mail-order bride that Steve and his friends accidentally receive in "Of Ice and Men". They later planned on skinny-dipping with her until Hayley shows up and tells them that one of them must marry her. The boys hold a contest to see who will marry Svetlana and Snot wins. But later at the wedding, Toshi woos her over by learning Russian.

text: Gretchen Grossbard – an old woman that Steve meets after Steve's fake grandpa, Lou, dies. The two make out and start dating. Later, when Steve goes to visit her, he finds out she made out with Snot and they break up.

text: Makeva – an African girl that Steve falls in love with when he and Stan get sent to a refugee camp in "Camp Refoogee". Later, Makeva gets kidnapped by the men keeping them hostage. Steve defeats the leader in a race and wins back Makeva, only to find out she has developed Stockholm syndrome and fallen in love with her captor.

text: Hayley Smith – Steve's sister, whom he lusts after. In "Stannie Get Your Gun", Roger tricks Steve into thinking he's adopted so he French kisses Hayley. Then, in "Meter Made", Steve masturbates to a painting of Hayley nude but he was unaware it was her because her face wasn't shown on the painting. This shows that he finds his sister's body attractive.

text: Debbie Hyman – an overweight, goth girl that Steve meets in "The American Dad After-School Special". Steve later asks her out but when Stan meets Debbie, he develops anorexia. Steve thinks Debbie is the cause of his father's condition and breaks up with her. Later, Steve tells Stan that Debbie was the best thing that ever happened to him. Debbie was in the room and heard so the two got back together. She next appears in "Iced, Iced Babies", where she breaks up with Steve. They get back together in "Escape from Pearl Bailey". When Lisa Silver and her friends make fun of Debbie, Steve gets revenge on them. When Debbie finds out, she breaks up with Steve, but Steve claims he was defending her honor and they get back together. Later, in "Bar Mitzvah Hustle", she dumps Steve for Snot's bar mitzvah study partner, Etan, for being more mature. When Steve exposes Etan's true immaturity, she dumps Etan and gets back together with Steve. Later, she finds out Steve was the one who stole Etan's presents and ends her relationship with him again.

text: Jenny Bowen – a girl that Steve flirts with in "Failure is Not a Factory-Installed Option". Jenny only dates guys with cars and when a salesman tricks Stan into buying eight cars, he and his friends invite Jenny and her friends over. When Roger accidentally shows a movie on the neighbor's house, Steve tells her it's a drive-in movie and they watch the movie together. Jenny is disappointed when Steve doesn't make a move. The next night, Steve invites her over but a repo man shows up and takes the cars away. Jenny and her friends later drive off with the repo man.

text: Becky Arangino – a cruise director that Steve meets in "The Vacation Goo", when the Smiths go on vacation. She likes young guys and taking their virginity causing Steve to like her. When Francine jumps overboard, Becky helps the family find her but a storm strands them on a deserted island. When they go in a cave, a cave-in occurs and kills Becky. The Smith are then forced to eat her corpse to survive.

text: Carmen Selectra – when Roger's alter ego Scotch Bingeington hosts a Spring Break party in "Spring Breakup", Carmen comes over to crown him as King of Spring Break. Steve then asks her to take his virginity. She agrees, but when Steve asks for her medical records, she leaves. She then gives Steve her medical records but when Steve finds out she has breast implants, Steve rejects her. When Carmen is about to crown Roger, she tells Steve that she had flown her doctor over to get rid of the implants and is ready to take his virginity. Then the stage collapses and kills her; tragically, if she had kept her implants, she would have survived.

text: Jewel – an ugly girl that Steve makes out with when he gets drunk in "Daddy Queerest".

text: Jeanine Winthrop – a girl that Steve meets in class in "A Jones for a Smith". The two become attracted to each other and when he goes over to her house. They were about to have sex when Jeanine's father steps in. He tells Steve that he's on board with Steve having sex with Jeanine and gives him a condom. Steve then has his family meet Jeanine's family. Stan was addicted to crack at the time and ruined the dinner, causing Jeanine's father to kick them out.

text: Amy – a girl in Steve's science class in "Merlot Down Dirty Shame". When Hayley and Klaus convince Steve is in a dream, he goes to school, kisses Amy then convinces her to jump out the window with him. She is then impaled on a fencepost but she survives.

text: Akiko Yoshida – Toshi's sister that Steve develops a crush on. When Akiko slaps Steve in "Weiner of Our Discontent", Steve gets an erection. Later, Steve goes trick-or-treating with Akiko and flirts with her in "Best Little Horror House in Langley Falls" but she rejects him for a guy named Doug. In the episode "Spelling Bee My Baby", Steve and Akiko are shown openly flirting when an argument between Francine and Mrs. Yoshida turns them into rivals in the national spelling bee. Later, they meet and kiss, and Akiko convinces Steve to sneak out before the bee to meet, but she is kidnapped by Francine and imprisoned, and when Steve goes to meet with Akiko, he reads a note (left by Francine) that shoots him down. Heartbroken, Steve becomes more ruthless when he next sees Akiko at the Spelling Bee (having been released by Mrs. Yoshida) and the two face off. Akiko misspells a word and is eliminated from contention, but after finding out from Francine that she had kidnapped her, Steve intentionally misspells a word to keep Akiko in the competition after she is reprimanded for misspelling her word by her mother. The two continue to misspell words romantically the rest of the night back and forth, to the chagrin of the judges but to the satisfaction of their parents (until they resume their violent confrontation).

text: Ashley – a crazy girl that Steve meets in "Stan's Food Restaurant". Steve begins dating her so she will have sex with him. When he and Snot go on a double date with her, Ashley's friend turns out to be a doll named Julia. Steve is about to say something until Ashley kisses him. When Ashley accuses Snot of raping Julia, the date ends. Steve decides he can't take it anymore and hangs Julia and forges a suicide note. Ashley doesn't buy it and goes to find her murderer and puts off having sex with Steve. Steve leaves her and calls her weird.

text: Reshma – the nicest girl in school that Steve beats up in "License to Till" to become popular, but it backfires. Later, at Vince Chung's party, she kisses Steve and says that when her breasts mature, they're all his.

text: Phyllis – a virtual avatar that Stan creates to bond with Steve in "Virtual In-Stanity". Steve later goes on a date with her to a baseball game; she refuses to kiss him so Steve thinks she wants to be friends and decides to hook up with Chelsea. Stan is determined not to lose Steve so he has Phyllis offer Steve to have sex with her. When Francine finds out, she convinces Stan to accept his life with Steve as it is. Stan then has Phyllis break-up with Steve.

text: Chelsea – a girl that Steve meets in the above episode. When Steve's date with Phyllis is a bust, he finds out Chelsea speaks Orc and he becomes attracted to her and is about to ask her out, but then Phyllis offers Steve to have sex with her and he jumps at the chance. When Francine snaps him out of it, he decides to go out with Chelsea who rejects him for his superficiality.

text: Alicia Wilkner – A girl Steve met at a spin-the-bottle party, who turns out to be Roger in a disguise. Steve dated "Alicia" seven times, though it was actually nine, as Roger drugged Steve with Rohypnol for two of those dates and sarcastically claimed that "nothing happened".

text: In the episode "Roger Passes The Bar", after noting where the three of his friends are in the future, he states that he is "very gay", bringing speculation that he will eventually swing the other way at some point.