document_title: Ship's wheel

question_text: what is the name of the ship steering wheel

text: Ship's wheel

text: A ship's wheel or boat's wheel is a device used aboard a water vessel to change that vessel's course. Together with the rest of the steering mechanism, it forms part of the helm. It is connected to a mechanical, electric servo, or hydraulic system which alters the vertical angle of the vessel's rudder relative to its hull. In some modern ships the wheel is replaced with a simple toggle that remotely controls an electro-mechanical or electro-hydraulic drive for the rudder, with a rudder position indicator presenting feedback to the helmsman.

text: Prior to the invention of the ship's wheel the helmsman relied on a tiller— a horizontal bar fitted directly to the top of the rudder post— or a whipstaff— a vertical stick acting on the arm of the ship's tiller.

text: A typical ship's wheel is composed of eight cylindrical wooden spokes (though sometimes as few as six or as many as ten) shaped like balusters and all joined at a central wooden hub or nave (sometimes covered with a brass nave plate) which housed the axle. The square hole at the centre of the hub through which the axle ran is called the drive square and was often lined with a brass plate (and therefore called a brass boss, though this term was used more often to refer to a brass hub and nave plate) which was frequently etched with the name of the wheel's manufacturer. The outer rim is composed of sections each made up of stacks of three felloes, the facing felloe, the middle felloe, and the after felloe. Because each group of three felloes at one time made up a quarter of the distance around the rim, the entire outer wooden wheel was sometimes called the quadrant. Each spoke ran through the middle felloe creating a series of handles beyond the wheel's rim. One of these handles/ spokes was frequently provided with extra grooves at its tip which could be felt by a helmsman steering in the dark and used by him to determine the exact position of the rudder—this was the king spoke and when it pointed straight upward the rudder was believed to be dead straight to the hull. The completed ship's wheel and associated axle and pedestal(s) might even be taller than the person using it. The wood used in construction of this type of wheel was most often either teak or mahogany, both of which are very durable tropical hardwoods capable of surviving the effects of salt water spray and regular use without significant decomposition.

text: The steering gear of earlier ships's wheels sometimes consisted of a double wheel where each wheel was connected to the other with a wooden spindle that ran through a barrel or drum. The spindle was held up by two pedestals that rested on a wooden platform, often no more than a grate. A tiller rope or tiller chain (sometimes called a steering rope or steering chain) ran around the barrel in five or six loops and then down through two tiller rope/ chain slots at the top of the platform before connecting to two sheaves just below deck (one on either side of the ship's wheel) and thence out to a pair of pulleys before coming back together at the tiller and connecting to the ship's rudder. Movement of the wheels (which were connected and moved in unison) caused the tiller rope to wind in one of two directions and angled the tiller left or right. In a typical and intuitive arrangement, a forward-facing helmsman turning the wheel counterclockwise would cause the tiller to angle to starboard and therefore the rudder to swing to port causing the vessel to also turn to port (see animation).[1]:p.152 On many vessels the helmsman stood facing the rear of the ship with the ship's wheel before him and the rest of the ship behind him— this still meant that the direction of travel of the wheel at its apex corresponded to the direction of turn of the ship. Having two wheels connected by an axle allowed two people to take the helm in severe weather when one person alone might not have had enough strength to control the ship's movements.

text:
Britannia Yacht Club's Commodore Boardroom features a ship's wheel table

USS LST-325 ship's wheel and engine order telegraph

U.S. Navy personnel aboard the USS  Constitution, by the ship's wheel


question_text: who commanded the crew of seven of the columbia on the 38th flight of the shuttle on sts-35

root

text: Crew[edit]

text:
Position
Astronaut

Commander
Vance D. Brand
Fourth and last spaceflight

Pilot
Guy S. Gardner
Second spaceflight

Mission Specialist 1
Jeffrey A. Hoffman
Second spaceflight

Mission Specialist 2
John M. Lounge
Third spaceflight

Mission Specialist 3
Robert A. Parker
Second spaceflight

Payload Specialist 1
Samuel T. Durrance
First spaceflight

Payload Specialist 2
Ronald A. Parise
First spaceflight

tag: table

text: Backup crew[edit]

text:
Position
Astronaut

Payload Specialist 1
Kenneth H. Nordsieck
First spaceflight

Payload Specialist 2
John-David F. Bartoe
Second spaceflight

text: Crew seating arrangements[edit]

text:
Seat[1]
Launch
Landing

Seats 1–4 are on the Flight Deck. Seats 5–7 are on the Middeck.

S1
Brand
Brand

S2
Gardner
Gardner

S3
Hoffman
Parker

S4
Lounge
Lounge

S5
Parker
Hoffman

S6
Durrance
Durrance

S7
Parise
Parise

text: Crew notes[edit]

text: Prior to the Challenger disaster, this mission was slated to launch in March 1986 as STS-61-E. Jon McBride was originally assigned to command this mission, which would have been his second spaceflight. He chose to retire from NASA in May 1989 and was replaced as mission commander by Vance Brand. In addition, Richard N. Richards (as pilot) and David Leestma (as mission specialist), were replaced by Guy Gardner and Mike Lounge respectively. 59-year-old Brand was the oldest astronaut to fly into space until Story Musgrave, 61 on STS-80 in 1996, and U.S. Senator John Glenn, 77 when he flew on STS-95 in 1998.

tag: p

text: Preparations and launch[edit]

text: The much-delayed ASTRO-1 had originally been manifested to fly on what would have been the next shuttle mission after Challenger's ill-fated STS-51L as STS-61E in March 1986. The mission was remanifested as STS-35 during the long stand-down after the accident with the addition of the Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT-01), and the original ASTRO-1 payload was brought out of storage and recertified for flight.[2] Columbia rolled out to Pad 39A in late April 1990 for a scheduled launch date of 16 May. Following the Flight Readiness Review (FRR), announcement of a firm launch date was delayed to change a faulty freon coolant loop proportional valve in the orbiter's coolant system. At the subsequent Delta FRR, the date was set for 30 May. Launch on 30 May was scrubbed during tanking due to a minor hydrogen leak in the tail service mast on the mobile launcher platform and a major leak in the external tank/orbiter quick disconnect assembly. Hydrogen was also detected in the orbiter's aft compartment and believed to be associated with a leak involving the 17-inch umbilical assembly.

text: Leakage at the 17-inch umbilical was confirmed by a mini-tanking test on 6 June. The leakage could not be repaired at the pad, and the vehicle was rolled back to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) 12 June, demated, and transferred to the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF). The orbiter-side 17-inch umbilical assembly was replaced with one borrowed from the yet-to-arrive Shuttle Endeavour. The external tank was then fitted with new umbilical hardware. The ASTRO-1 payload was reserviced regularly and remained in Columbia’s cargo bay during orbiter repairs and reprocessing.

text: Columbia was rolled out to Pad A for the second time 9 August to support a 1 September launch date. Two days before launch, the avionics box on the BBXRT portion of the ASTRO-1 payload malfunctioned and had to be changed and retested. Launch was rescheduled for 6 September. During tanking, high concentrations of hydrogen were again detected in the orbiter's aft compartment, forcing another postponement. NASA managers concluded that Columbia had experienced separate hydrogen leaks from the beginning: one of the umbilical assembly (now replaced) and one or more which had resurfaced in the aft compartment. Suspicion focused on the package of three hydrogen recirculation pumps in the aft compartment. These were replaced and retested. A damaged Teflon cover seal in the main engine number three hydrogen prevalve was replaced. Launch was rescheduled for 18 September. The fuel leak in the aft compartment resurfaced during tanking, and the launch was scrubbed again. The STS-35 mission was put on hold until problem resolved by a special tiger team assigned by the Space Shuttle director.

text: Columbia was transferred to Pad B on 8 October to make room for Atlantis on Mission STS-38. Tropical storm Klaus forced another rollback to the VAB on 9 October. The vehicle was transferred to Pad B again on 14 October. Another mini-tanking test was conducted on 30 October, using special sensors and video cameras and employing a see-through Plexiglas aft compartment door. No excessive hydrogen was leakage detected. With the problem resolved, the flight had only to wait for the completion of STS-38, imparting another four-week delay. A scheduled launch date of 30 November was moved by several days due to concerns that observations of astronomical targets would be adversely affected. Liftoff on 2 December was delayed by 21 minutes to allow the Air Force time to observe low-level clouds that might impede the tracking of the Shuttle's ascent. Liftoff finally occurred on 2 December 1990, 1:49:01AM EST, the ninth night launch in shuttle history and the second for Columbia. A nominal ascent to orbit followed. This was one of the most delayed launches of the space shuttle program.

text: Mission highlights[edit]

text: The primary payload of mission STS-35 was ASTRO-1, the fifth flight of the Spacelab system and the second with the Igloo and pallet train configuration. The primary objectives were round-the-clock observations of the celestial sphere in ultraviolet and X-ray spectral wavelengths with the ASTRO-1 observatory, consisting of four telescopes: Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope (HUT); Wisconsin Ultraviolet Photo-Polarimeter Experiment (WUPPE); Ultraviolet Imaging Telescope (UIT), mounted on the Instrument Pointing System (IPS). The Instrument Pointing System consisted of a three-axis gimbal system mounted on a gimbal support structure connected to a Spacelab pallet at one end and the aft end of the payload at the other, a payload clamping system for support of the mounted experiment during launch and landing, and a control system based on the inertial reference of a three-axis gyro package and operated by a gimbal-mounted microcomputer.[3] The Broad-Band X-Ray Telescope (BBXRT) and its Two-Axis Pointing System (TAPS) rounded out the instrument complement in the aft payload bay.

text: The crew split into shifts after reaching orbit, with Gardner, Parker, and Parise comprising the Red Team; the Blue team consisted of Hoffman, Durrance, and Lounge. Commander Vance Brand was unassigned to either team and helped coordinate mission activities. The telescopes were powered up and raised from their stowed position by the Red Team 11 hours into the flight. Observations began under the Blue Team 16 hours into the mission after the instruments were checked out.[4] In a typical ASTRO-1 ultraviolet observation, the flight crew member on duty maneuvered the Shuttle to point the cargo bay in the general direction of the astronomical object to be observed. The mission specialist commanded the pointing system to aim the telescopes toward the target. They also locked on to guide stars to help the pointing system remain stable despite orbiter thruster firings. The payload specialist set up each instrument for the upcoming observation, identified the celestial target on the guide television, and provided the necessary pointing corrections for placing the object precisely in the telescope's field of view. He then started the instrument observation sequences and monitored the data being recorded. Because the many observations created a heavy workload, the payload and mission specialists worked together to perform these complicated operations and evaluate the quality of observations. Each observation took between 10 minutes to a little over an hour.[5]

text: Issues with the pointing precision of the IPS and the sequential overheating failures of both data display units (used for pointing telescopes and operating experiments) during the mission impacted crew-aiming procedures and forced ground teams at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to aim the telescopes with fine-tuning by the flight crew. BBXRT was directed from the outset by ground-based operators at Goddard Space Flight Center and was not affected. The X-ray telescope required little attention from the crew. A crew member would turn on the BBXRT and the TAPS at the beginning of operations and then turn them off when the operations concluded. After the telescope was activated, researchers at Goddard could "talk" to the telescope via computer. Before science operations began, stored commands were loaded into the BBXRT computer system. Then, when the astronauts positioned the Shuttle in the general direction of the source, the TAPS automatically pointed the BBXRT at the object. Since the Shuttle could be oriented in only one direction at a time, X-ray observations had to be coordinated carefully with ultraviolet observations. Despite the pointing problems, the full suite of telescopes obtained 231 observations of 130 celestial objects over a combined span of 143 hours. Science teams at MSFC and Goddard estimated that 70% of the mission objectives were completed.[6] ASTRO-1 was the first shuttle mission controlled in part from the Spacelab Mission Operations Control facility at MSFC in Huntsville, Alabama.

text: During the flight, the crew experienced trouble dumping waste water due to a blocked waste water line, but managed to compensate using spare containers. Problems also affected one RCC thruster and an onboard text and graphics teleprinter used for receiving flight plan updates.

text: Additional payloads and experiments[edit]

text: Conducting short-wave radio transmissions between ground-based amateur radio operators and a Shuttle-based amateur radio operator was the basis for the Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment (SAREX)-II. SAREX communicated with amateur stations in line-of-sight of the orbiter in one of four transmission modes: voice, slow scan television (SSTV), data or (uplink only) fast scan television (FSTV). The voice mode was operated in the attended mode while SSTV, data or FSTV could be operated in either attended or unattended modes. During the mission, SAREX was operated by Payload Specialist Ron Parise, a licensed operator (WA4SIR), during periods when he was not scheduled for orbiter or other payload activities.[7] A ground-based experiment to calibrate electro-optical sensors at Air Force Maui Optical Site (AMOS) in Hawaii was also conducted during the mission. The Space Classroom Program: Assignment: The Stars project was carried out to spark student interest in science, mathematics and technology. Mission Specialist Hoffman conducted the first classroom lesson taught from space on 7 December in support of this objective, covering material on the electromagnetic spectrum and the ASTRO-1 observatory. A supporting lesson was taught from the ASTRO-1 control center in Huntsville.

text: Landing[edit]

text: The mission was cut short by one day due to impending bad weather at the primary landing site, Edwards Air Force Base, California. The Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engines were fired at 8:48 PM PST over the Indian Ocean to deorbit the spacecraft, which landed on Runway 22 at Edwards Air Force Base, CA at 9:54 PM, 10 December 1990 after a mission duration of 8 days, 23 hours, and 5 minutes. This was the fourth night landing of the shuttle program. Rollout Distance: 10,447 feet (3.184 kilometres (1.978 mi)). Rollout Time: 58 seconds. Columbia returned to KSC on 20 December on the Shuttle Carrier Aircraft. Landing Weight: 102,208 kilograms (225,330 lb).

text: Image gallery[edit]

text:
ASTRO-1 undergoes processing post-Challenger.

ASTRO-1 aboard Columbia in the Orbiter Processing Facility.

Namibia from orbit.

Traditional inflight portrait.

Payload Specialists Durrance and Parise work out.

Another view of the observatory.

The payload in its stowed configuration.

Columbia heads back to KSC.

tag: ul


document_title: Contra (album)

question_text: who is on the cover of the contra album

question_tokens: who is on the cover of the contra album

text: Contra (album)

text: Release[edit]

text: The release of Contra was announced on September 15, 2009,[3] and was released in the UK on January 11, 2010. It was released in the U.S. on the next day. However, the album was already available on January 8 on iTunes.[citation needed] "Horchata" was released as a free download on October 5, 2009 on the band's website. The first single was "Cousins", accompanied by a 7" single, and a music video.[4] The album was available for streaming on the band's MySpace starting on January 3, 2010.[5] It was also available for streaming from their official website, as of January 5, 2010.

text: Music and lyrics[edit]

text: Koenig has stated in multiple interviews that the album contains lyrical themes of opposition consistent with its title, and feels it is important to understand that the word "Contra" is a fundamental concept of conflict, without any implication that one side is right or wrong. The lyrics of Contra are also meant to express a desire to be compassionate even towards people and things you disagree with.[6] He also states the lyrics of Contra deal with reconciling feeling of privilege and guilt, for which he uses the term "first world guilt". Contra is considered by critics to be instrumental in cementing the cultural significance of Vampire Weekend first formed with their debut record, as Contra deepens and commits to a general attitude of rejecting traditional notions that rock musicians are poor, underprivileged rebels. Whereas their first album brought to light the prejudices against affluence and wealth in rock music, Contra, even in its title, openly argues this stigma.[7]

text: The band made an effort to make their second album a natural expansion on the universe created in their debut album, as a result Contra covers a far greater gamut of musical influences than their debut album, drawing inspiration from genres such as ska on "Holiday", synthpop on "Giving Up the Gun", speed rap on "California English" and even rave music on "Run". The production of the album, directed by Rostam Batmanglij, was also different from their former work in that it did not use chamber echo and natural reverb but instead used digital effects to give the album an eighties aesthetic. Other distinguishing features of Contra are the use of backing vocals as textural elements, the debut of Rostam as a lead guitarist and more layered drumwork in which fundamental Latin beats are blended with drum machines to create a busier rhythm section.[8]

text: The lyrics of "I Think Ur a Contra" include the phrase "Complete Control", the title of a Clash single (notably, an influential 1980 triple album by The Clash was entitled Sandinista! after the socialist militancy opposed by the Contras during the Nicaraguan civil war). This refers partially to the controversy surrounding their punk roots. The title "Diplomat's Son" is a reference to a story singer Ezra Koenig wrote while in college about boarding school, though the content lyrically talks about a relationship told by Rostam Batmanglij.[9] The song also features a vocal sample from M.I.A.'s "Hussel". "Holiday" begins with the opening lyrics of Fairport Convention's 1969 rendition of Matty Groves.

text: Artwork and lawsuit[edit]

text: The cover of "Contra" features a candid polaroid of a girl from 1983. The photo was found by Rostam while searching "New York City 1983" on Flickr. Lead singer Koenig states that when he first saw the image, he felt he read "some sort of hesitation" in her face, and that the band discussed at length what her possible age or emotional state could be in the photograph, without ever becoming certain of either. Koenig believed that "wrapped up in her expression is this question: 'How is she feeling?'" and that "maybe she wasn't even really sure at the time."[6]

text: In an interview, Koenig revealed that the girl pictured on the front cover is "now living in Malibu".[6] Koenig has confirmed that the picture was taken in 1983 by photographer Tod Brody and was chosen as a juxtaposition to the debut album's cover which, while taken in 2006, looks as if it "inhabits the same world".[10] Koenig also referred to the girl as "Kirsten" in a post on Twitter.[11] Koenig likens the image to the Rorschach test as multiple meanings can be extrapolated from just a few signifiers, saying, "Some people get very mad when they see a white blonde girl in a Polo shirt."[10]

text: On July 15, 2010, Vampire Weekend, along with XL Recordings and Brody, were sued by Ann Kirsten Kennis, the woman who identified herself as the mysterious woman on the cover, for $2 million for using the photo without her permission.[12][13] Kennis has said that the photo was taken while she was "a high-fashion model under contract with prestigious agencies in New York City." In addition, Kennis said that the release forms for the photo that was allegedly signed by Kennis herself, were forged.[14] In a statement released by Kennis' lawyer Alan Neigher, Neigher said that Kennis discovered herself on the cover when her daughter brought home a copy of Contra and showed it to Kennis. Neigher also mentioned that Brody did not take the photo and said that it was taken by Kennis' mother. Despite this claim, Brody claims that he took the photo and says that he had the photo for 26 years[15] until Vampire Weekend discovered it on his Flickr page and bought it for five thousand dollars. Kennis' own former agent, Sue Charney, told Vanity Fair, "To me it is very clearly a Polaroid taken at a casting session."[16] Koenig later responded on the matter and said that "this is the first time any of us have ever been sued, so we're still learning how it works." He added, "There's nothing we can say about it. We're not trying to be mysterious. I imagine in the next few months there'll be plenty to talk about. Given it's our first time, we just want to do it properly."[17]

text: In December 2010, Vampire Weekend filed their own lawsuit against Brody, which argued that he would be liable for any damages Kennis would receive, due to misrepresentation.[18]

text: On August 15, 2011, it was announced that Kennis had dropped her lawsuit against XL Recordings and Vampire Weekend after they paid Kennis an undisclosed sum.[19] However, the separate lawsuits against Brody from Kennis and Vampire Weekend were not dropped.[19]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
Professional ratings

Aggregate scores

Source
Rating

Metacritic
81/100[20]

Review scores

Source
Rating

AllMusic
[21]

The A.V. Club
A−[22]

Entertainment Weekly
B+[23]

The Guardian
[24]

Los Angeles Times
[25]

MSN Music
A[26]

NME
8/10[27]

Pitchfork
8.6/10[28]

Rolling Stone
[29]

Spin
8/10[30]

text: The album received acclaim from music critics. Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, reported an average score of 81 based on 39 reviews, described as "universal acclaim".[20] Dave Simpson of The Guardian stated that Contra "will probably be among this year's most played and most joyful tunes."[24] Spin's Jon Dolan wrote that "the balance of classical, rock, and world instrumentation, cagey rhythms, and stunning prettiness isn't just architecturally resplendent, it's reassuringly sweet and strangely moving."[30] Paul Stokes of NME described Vampire Weekend as "one of the most unique bands on the planet."[27] Consequence of Sound named it the best album of 2010. On December 1, 2010, it was announced that Contra was nominated for a Grammy for "Best Alternative Music Album".[31] This album was number 6 on Rolling Stone's list of the 30 Best Albums of 2010.[32] Pitchfork placed it at number 6 on its list "The Top 50 Albums of 2010".[33]

text: Commercial performance[edit]

text: It is the band's first album to reach number one on the Billboard 200, and the 12th independently-distributed album in history to reach the number one spot on the Billboard 200 since Nielsen Soundscan began recording data in 1991, while also being the first independent artist to have done so without ever having signed with a major label, after already established rock bands Radiohead and Pearl Jam and before Arcade Fire's The Suburbs.[34][35] The album sold 124,000 copies in its first week[36] and was awarded Gold by the RIAA on November 21, 2011 which means it has sold over 500,000 units in the US alone.[37] In 2010. It was awarded a diamond certification from the Independent Music Companies Association which indicated sales of at least 250,000 copies throughout Europe.[38]

text: Track listing[edit]

text: All lyrics written by Ezra Koenig, except where noted; all music composed by Chris Baio, Rostam Batmanglij, Koenig and Christopher Tomson, except where noted.

text:
No.
Title
Length

1.
"Horchata" (lyrics by Batmanglij and Koenig)
3:26

2.
"White Sky"
2:58

3.
"Holiday"
2:18

4.
"California English"
2:30

5.
"Taxi Cab" (music by Batmanglij and Koenig)
3:55

6.
"Run"
3:52

7.
"Cousins"
2:25

8.
"Giving Up the Gun"
4:46

9.
"Diplomat's Son" (lyrics by Batmanglij and Koenig)
6:01

10.
"I Think Ur a Contra" (music by Batmanglij and Koenig)
4:29

Total length:
36:40

text:
[show]iTunes bonus tracks

No.
Title
Length

11.
"Giant"
2:50

12.
"California English: Part 2" (Pre-order only; also a B-side to "Cousins")
2:57

Total length:
42:27

text:
[show]Japanese edition bonus tracks

No.
Title
Length

11.
"Ottoman" (B-side to "Holiday")
4:02

12.
"Giant"
2:50

Total length:
43:32

text:
[show]'Contra Megamelt' bonus disc

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Contramelt A"
6:11

2.
"Contramelt B"
4:36

3.
"Cousins" (Toy Selectah Mex-More Remix)
3:20

Total length:
14:07

text: Personnel[edit]

text: Vampire Weekend

text:
Ezra Koenig – lead vocals; guitar (tracks 3-7); keyboard (track 1); piano (track 10); programming (track 8)
Rostam Batmanglij – piano; background vocals; vocal harmonies; keyboards; harpsichord; VSS-30; drum; synth; sampler programming; lead vocals (bridge of track 9); guitar (tracks 2-5, 7-10); shakers, hand drum, snares (track 9)
Christopher Tomson – drums
Chris Baio – bass; background vocals (tracks 2, 4); additional synth (track 4)

text:
Additional musicians

Mauro Refosco – marimbas, rebolo, zabumba, shekere, shakers, auxiliary percussion (track 1)
Marcus Farrar – shekere, auxiliary percussion (track 1)
Libby Gery – vocals (track 8)
Anne Donlon – vocals (tracks 1, 8)
Nat Baldwin – double bass (tracks 1, 5, and 8)
Jonathan Chu – violin, viola (tracks 1, 4, 5, 9)
Hamilton Berry – cello (tracks 1, 4, 5, 8-10)
Seth Rosenfeld – cello (track 8)
Jesse Novak – additional instrumentation (track 8)
Jeff Curtin – hand drums (tracks 8, 10); shakers (track 10)
Shane Stoneback – shaker (track 10)

Production

Rostam Batmanglij – production; string arrangements; mixing; engineering
Justin Gerrish – mixing (tracks 1, 3-10); engineering (tracks 1-6, 8-10)
Shane Stoneback – mixing assistance (track 2); engineering (tracks 1-6, 8-10)
Fernando Lodeiro – engineering assistance (tracks 1-6, 8-10)
Tito Fuentes – engineering (track 7)
Melchor M – engineering assistance (track 7)
Emily Lazar – mastering
Joe LaPorta – assistant mastering engineering

Release

Tod Brody – cover photograph
Chris Tomson – band photograph
Rostam Batmanglij – design
Asher Sarlin – design
Ian Montone – management
Kris Chen – A&R
Imran Ahmed – A&R
Nicky Stein – legal representation

text: Chart positions[edit]

text: Weekly charts[edit]

text:
Charts (2010)
Peak
position

Australian Albums (ARIA)[39]
2

Austrian Albums (Ö3 Austria)[40]
19

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[41]
8

Belgian Alternative Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[41]
4

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Wallonia)[42]
28

Canadian Albums (Billboard)[43]
1

Danish Albums (Hitlisten)[44]
30

Dutch Albums (MegaCharts)[45]
31

Dutch Alternative Albums (Mega Alternative Top 30)[46]
1

Finnish Albums (Suomen virallinen lista)[47]
14

French Albums (SNEP)[48]
15

German Albums (Offizielle Top 100)[49]
15

Greek Albums (IFPI)[50]
9

Irish Albums (IRMA)[51]
4

Irish Independent Albums (IRMA)[52]
8

Italian Albums (FIMI)[53]
98

Japanese Albums (Oricon)[54]
29

New Zealand Albums (RMNZ)[55]
12

Norwegian Albums (VG-lista)[56]
7

Polish Albums (OLiS)[57]
90

Scottish Albums (OCC)[58]
3

Spanish Albums (PROMUSICAE)[59]
51

Swedish Albums (Sverigetopplistan)[60]
14

Swiss Albums (Schweizer Hitparade)[61]
26

UK Albums (OCC)[62]
3

UK Independent Albums (OCC)[63]
1

US Billboard 200[64]
1

US Independent Albums (Billboard)[65]
1

US Top Alternative Albums (Billboard)[66]
1

US Top Rock Albums (Billboard)[67]
1

text: Year-end charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2010)
Position

Australian Albums (ARIA)[68]
69

Belgian Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[69]
74

Belgian Alternative Albums (Ultratop Flanders)[70]
33

UK Albums (OCC)[71]
64

US Billboard 200[72]
72

US Independent Albums (Billboard)[73]
2

US Top Alternative Albums (Billboard)[74]
14

US Top Rock Albums (Billboard)[75]
19


document_title: List of All-Ireland Senior Hurling Championship winners

question_text: when did dublin last win hurling all ireland

text: Winners[edit]

text: Finals[edit]

text:
Season
Province
Winners
Score
Runners-up
Province
Venue
Attendance
Notes

1887
Munster
Tipperary
1-1 : 0-1
Galway
Connacht
Birr Sportsfield, Birr
5,000

1888

n/a

n/a

[nb 1]

1889
Leinster
Dublin
5-1 : 1-6
Clare
Munster
St. Patrick's GAA Field, Dublin
1,500

1890
Munster
Cork
1-6 : 2-2
Wexford
Leinster
Clonturk Park, Dublin
1,000
[nb 2]

1891
Munster
Kerry
2-3 : 1-5
Wexford
Leinster
Clonturk Park, Dublin
2,000

1892
Munster
Cork
2-3 : 1-5
Dublin
Leinster
Clonturk Park, Dublin
5,000
[nb 3]

1893
Munster
Cork
6-8 : 0-2
Kilkenny
Leinster
Phoenix Park, Dublin
1,000

1894
Munster
Cork
5-20 : 2-0
Dublin
Leinster
Clonturk Park, Dublin
2,000

1895
Munster
Tipperary
6-8 : 1-10
Kilkenny
Leinster
Jones' Road, Dublin
8,000

1896
Munster
Tipperary
8-14 : 0-4
Dublin
Leinster
Jones' Road, Dublin
3,500

1897
Munster
Limerick
3-4 : 2-4
Kilkenny
Leinster
Tipperary GAA Field, Tipperary
5,000

1898
Munster
Tipperary
7-13 : 3-10
Kilkenny
Leinster
Jones' Road, Dublin
2,500

1899
Munster
Tipperary
3-12 : 1-4
Wexford
Leinster
Jones' Road, Dublin
3,500

1900
Munster
Tipperary
2-5 : 0-6
London
Britain
Jones' Road, Dublin
8,000

1901
Britain
London
1-5 : 0-4
Cork
Munster
Jones' Road, Dublin

1902
Munster
Cork
3-13 : 0-0
London
Britain
Cork Athletic Grounds, Cork
8,000

1903
Munster
Cork
3-16 : 1-1
London
Britain
Jones' Road, Dublin

1904
Leinster
Kilkenny
1-9 : 1-8
Cork
Munster
, Carrick-on-Suir

1905
(R)
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-12 : 5-10
7-7 : 2-9
Cork
Munster
Fraher Field, Dungarvan

[nb 4]

1906
Munster
Tipperary
3-16 : 3-8
Dublin
Leinster
Nowlan Park, Kilkenny
5,000

1907
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-12 : 4-8
Cork
Munster
Fraher Field, Dungarvan
15,000

1908
Munster
Tipperary
3-15 : 1-5
Dublin
Leinster
Geraldine Park, Athy

1909
Leinster
Kilkenny
4-6 : 0-12
Tipperary
Munster
Cork Athletic Grounds, Cork
11,000

1910
Leinster
Wexford
7-0 : 6-2
Limerick
Munster
Jones' Road, Dublin

1911
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-3 : 1-1
Tipperary
Munster
Fraher Field, Dungarvan

1912
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-1 : 1-3
Cork
Munster
Jones' Road, Dublin
18,000

1913
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-4 : 1-2
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
12,000

1914
Munster
Clare
5-1 : 1-0
Laois
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin

1915
Leinster
Laois
6-2 : 4-1
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin

1916
Munster
Tipperary
5-4 : 3-2
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
5,000

1917
Leinster
Dublin
5-4 : 4-2
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin

1918
Munster
Limerick
9-5 : 1-3
Wexford
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin

1919
Munster
Cork
6-4 : 2-4
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
14,300

1920
Leinster
Dublin
4-9 : 4-3
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
22,000

1921
Munster
Limerick
8-5 : 3-2
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
19,000

1922
Leinster
Kilkenny
4-2 : 2-6
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
26,119

1923
Connacht
Galway
7-3 : 4-5
Limerick
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
7,000

1924
Leinster
Dublin
5-3 : 2-6
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
9,000

1925
Munster
Tipperary
5-6 : 1-5
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
20,000

1926
Munster
Cork
4-6 : 2-0
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
26,829

1927
Leinster
Dublin
4-8 : 1-3
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
23,824

1928
Munster
Cork
6-12 : 1-0
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
15,259

1929
Munster
Cork
4-9 : 1-3
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
14,000

1930
Munster
Tipperary
2-7 : 1-3
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
21,730

1931
(R)
(R)
Munster
Cork
1-6 : 1-6
2-5 : 2-5
5-8 : 3-4
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
26,460
33,124
31,935

1932
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-3 : 2-3
Clare
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
34,392

1933
Leinster
Kilkenny
1-7 : 0-6
Limerick
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
45,176

1934
(R)
Munster
Limerick
2-7 : 3-4
3-4 : 2-6
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
34,867
30,250

1935
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-5 : 2-4
Limerick
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
46,591

1936
Munster
Limerick
5-6 : 1-5
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
51,235

1937
Munster
Tipperary
3-11 : 0-3
Kilkenny
Leinster
FitzGerald Stadium, Killarney
67,629
[nb 5]

1938
Leinster
Dublin
2-7 : 3-3
Waterford
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
37,129

1939
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-7 : 3-3
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
39,302

1940
Munster
Limerick
3-7 : 1-7
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
49,260

1941
Munster
Cork
5-11 : 0-6
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
26,150

1942
Munster
Cork
2-14 : 3-4
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
27,313

1943
Munster
Cork
5-16 : 0-4
Antrim
Ulster
Croke Park, Dublin
48,843

1944
Munster
Cork
2-13 : 1-2
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
26,896

1945
Munster
Tipperary
5-6 : 3-6
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
69,459

1946
Munster
Cork
7-5 : 3-8
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
64,415

1947
Leinster
Kilkenny
0-14 : 2-7
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
61,510

1948
Munster
Waterford
6-7 : 4-2
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
61,742

1949
Munster
Tipperary
3-11 : 0-3
Laois
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
67,168

1950
Munster
Tipperary
1-9 : 1-8
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
67,629

1951
Munster
Tipperary
7-7 : 3-9
Wexford
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
68,515

1952
Munster
Cork
2-14 : 0-7
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
71,195

1953
Munster
Cork
3-3 : 0-8
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
71,195

1954
Munster
Cork
1-9 : 1-6
Wexford
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
84,856

1955
Leinster
Wexford
3-13 : 2-8
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
72,854

1956
Leinster
Wexford
2-14 : 2-8
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
83,096

1957
Leinster
Kilkenny
4-10 : 3-12
Waterford
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
70,594

1958
Munster
Tipperary
4-9 : 2-5
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
47,276

1959
(R)
Munster
Waterford
1-17 : 5-5
3-12 : 1-10
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
73,707
77,285

1960
Leinster
Wexford
2-15 : 0-11
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
77,154

1961
Munster
Tipperary
0-16 : 1-12
Dublin
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
67,866

1962
Munster
Tipperary
3-10 : 2-11
Wexford
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
75,039

1963
Leinster
Kilkenny
4-17 : 6-8
Waterford
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
73,123

1964
Munster
Tipperary
5-13 : 2-8
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
71,282

1965
Munster
Tipperary
2-16 : 0-10
Wexford
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
67,498

1966
Munster
Cork
3-9 : 1-10
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
68,249

1967
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-8 : 2-7
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
64,241

1968
Leinster
Wexford
5-8 : 3-12
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
63,461

1969
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-15 : 2-9
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
66,844

1970
Munster
Cork
6-21 : 5-10
Wexford
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
65,062

1971
Munster
Tipperary
5-17 : 5-14
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
61,393

1972
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-24 : 5-11
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
66,137

1973
Munster
Limerick
1-21 : 1-14
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
59,009

1974
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-19 : 1-13
Limerick
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
62,071

1975
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-22 : 2-10
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
63,711

1976
Munster
Cork
2-21 : 4-11
Wexford
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
62,684

1977
Munster
Cork
1-17 : 3-8
Wexford
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
63,198

1978
Munster
Cork
1-15 : 2-8
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
64,155

1979
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-12 : 1-8
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
53,535

1980
Connacht
Galway
2-15 : 3-9
Limerick
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
64,895

1981
Leinster
Offaly
2-12 : 0-15
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
71,348

1982
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-18 : 1-13
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
59,550

1983
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-14 : 2-12
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
58,381

1984
Munster
Cork
3-16 : 1-12
Offaly
Leinster
Semple Stadium, Thurles
59,814
[nb 6]

1985
Leinster
Offaly
2-11 : 1-12
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
61,451

1986
Munster
Cork
4-13 : 2-15
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
63,451

1987
Connacht
Galway
1-12 : 0-9
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
63,596

1988
Connacht
Galway
1-15 : 0-14
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
63,545

1989
Munster
Tipperary
4-24 : 3-9
Antrim
Ulster
Croke Park, Dublin
65,496

1990
Munster
Cork
5-15 : 2-21
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
63,954

1991
Munster
Tipperary
1-16 : 1-15
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
64,500

1992
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-10 : 1-12
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
64,534

1993
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-17 : 1-15
Galway
Connact
Croke Park, Dublin
63,460

1994
Leinster
Offaly
3-16 : 2-13
Limerick
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
54,458

1995
Munster
Clare
1-13 : 2-8
Offaly
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
65,092

1996
Leinster
Wexford
1-13 : 0-14
Limerick
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
65,849

1997
Munster
Clare
0-20 : 2-13
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
65,575

1998
Leinster
Offaly
2-16 : 1-13
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
65,491

1999
Munster
Cork
0-13 : 0-12
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
62,989

2000
Leintser
Kilkenny
5-15 : 1-14
Offaly
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
61,493

2001
Munster
Tipperary
2-18 : 2-15
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
68,515

2002
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-20 : 0-19
Clare
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
76,254

2003
Leinster
Kilkenny
1-14 : 1-11
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
79,383

2004
Munster
Cork
0-17 : 0-9
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
78,212

2005
Munster
Cork
1-21 : 1-16
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
82,275

2006
Leinster
Kilkenny
1-16 : 1-13
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
82,275

2007
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-19 : 1-15
Limerick
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
82,127

2008
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-30 : 1-13
Waterford
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
82,186

2009
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-22 : 0-23
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
82,106

2010
Munster
Tipperary
4-17 : 1-18
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
81,765

2011
Leinster
Kilkenny
2-17 : 1-16
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
81,214

2012
(R)
Leinster
Kilkenny
0-19 : 2:13
3-22 : 3-11
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
81,932
82,274

2013
(R)
Munster
Clare
0-25 : 3-16
5-16 : 3-16
Cork
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
81,651
82,276

2014
(R)
Leinster
Kilkenny
3-22 : 1-28
2-17 : 2-14
Tipperary
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
82,179
81,753

2015
Leinster
Kilkenny
1-22 : 1-18
Galway
Connacht
Croke Park, Dublin
82,300

2016
Munster
Tipperary
2-29 : 2-20
Kilkenny
Leinster
Croke Park, Dublin
82,300

2017
Connacht
Galway
0-26 : 2-17
Waterford
Munster
Croke Park, Dublin
82,300

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The Championship was left unfinished due to many of the players travelling to the United States in an attempt to raise money for a revival of the Tailteann Games[3]
Jump up ^ The match was abandoned by the Cork team due to rough play by their opponents, with Wexford leading 2-2 to 1-6 (at the time, one goal equalled five points, so Wexford led 12 to 11). Cork were later awarded the title
Jump up ^ Cork led by 2-3 to 1-5 when the Dublin side left the field in protest at a disputed goal, leaving the match unfinished. As a result, Cork were awarded the title
Jump up ^ Cork won the initial game, but after an objection was raised about Cork keeper Daniel McCarthy being a reservist for the British Army, a replay was ordered, won by Kilkenny
Jump up ^ Newly built FitzGerald Stadium in Killarney hosted the All-Ireland final due to a builders' strike at Croke Park[4]
Jump up ^ The centenary-year All-Ireland final was played in Semple Stadium as a gesture to the town where the GAA was founded[5]

tag: ol


document_title: Jack Reacher: Never Go Back

question_text: jack reacher never go back based on which book

text: Jack Reacher: Never Go Back

text: Plot[edit]

text: After dismantling a human trafficking ring, former military investigator turned vigilante drifter Jack Reacher returns to his old military headquarters to meet Major Susan Turner, whom he has been working with during his travels and his closest friend – only to learn from Colonel Sam Morgan that Turner has been accused of espionage and detained.

text: Turner's attorney, Colonel Bob Moorcroft, reveals that there is evidence that Turner is involved in the murders of two soldiers in Afghanistan, but Reacher believes she is being framed. Moorcroft also reveals an old acquaintance of Reacher, Candice Dutton, has filed a paternity suit against him, claiming he is the biological father of her 15-year-old daughter, Samantha Dutton. Reacher tries to reach out to Samantha, but she rebuffs him, believing he is after her biological mother due to her past as a prostitute.

text: Moorcroft is later killed by an unknown assassin. Reacher is framed for Moorcroft's murder and arrested and transported to the prison where Turner is being detained. Two assassins arrive to kill her, but Reacher neutralizes them, rescues her and they escape to Morgan's house, having deduced he is involved in the conspiracy, to extract information. After they leave, the assassin, revealed to be working with Morgan, kills Morgan and frames Reacher which he learns about from a friend, Sergeant Leach, when he asks her to investigate a military contractor.

text: Reacher and Turner uncover surveillance pictures of Samantha and surmise she is in danger, arriving at her home to find her foster parents dead and Samantha hiding in the kitchen. Reacher and Turner decide to escort Samantha to Turner's old private school for protection, but discover that she has her mobile phone with her and that the enemy probably knows exactly where they are. They discard the phone and make a quick exit, during which Samantha steals a backpack from one of the students to use the credit cards.

text: Reacher, Turner and Samantha travel to New Orleans in search of Daniel Prudhomme, the only eye-witness to the murders for which Turner has been framed. They find him in a derelict warehouse filled with drug addicts and learn that Prudhomme is connected to Parasource, a private military organization that is trying to cover up the murders. Reacher contacts Turner's friend, Captain Anthony Espin, to move Prudhomme into custody, but they are ambushed by assassins and Prudhomme is killed, while Reacher rescues a wounded Espin and finds out that the assassins are Parasource contractors. Parasource's CEO, General James Harkness, then sends the Hunter to capture Samantha after she uses a credit card to order room service.

text: Reacher and Turner, along with Espin, acting on information provided by Prudhomme, intercept a flight of weapons due to enter the country, where they confront Harkness and his men and accuse them of corruption. Upon opening the crates, however, Espin finds weapons as declared in the flight manifest. Before Turner can be re-arrested, Reacher opens up one of the weapons and discovers that they are filled with opium. They learn that Harkness framed Turner, who had been investigating his activities, for the murders of two soldiers who discovered that Harkness was selling weapons to insurgents and smuggling drugs into the United States. Espin and his men then arrest Harkness, clearing Reacher's and Turner's names.

text: The Hunter and his men locate and chase Samantha through the streets to lure Reacher into a confrontation. Turner kills one of the assassins, whilst Reacher takes out another one on the rooftop. The Hunter captures Samantha and threatens to kill her, but she manages to escape and steal his gun. Reacher then tackles the Hunter onto another rooftop, briefly incapacitating both of them, and they have a vicious fight that culminates with Reacher breaking the Hunter's arm, leg and neck, before dropping him off the rooftop. Reacher then admits to Samantha he might be her father.

text: Following Harkness' arrest, Turner is reinstated in her old position and goes back to her office, where her colleagues and a recovering Captain Espin all welcome her back. Reacher promises to keep in touch before meeting Samantha at a diner to meet Candice, Samantha's mother, whom Reacher surmises he will recognize, as he remembers every woman he has slept with. Samantha reveals that the waitress that had been serving him is in fact Candice, and that Reacher cannot be her father, as neither had recognized each other. Reacher and Samantha then reluctantly part.

text: A short time later, while Reacher is walking along a road, he is surprised when a phone Samantha had slipped into his pocket rings. He finds a text message from her reading, "Miss me yet?". Reacher smiles as he sticks out his thumb to hitch a ride.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Tom Cruise as Jack Reacher
Cobie Smulders as Major Susan Turner[5]
Aldis Hodge[6] as Captain Anthony Espin, Turner’s friend
Danika Yarosh[7] as Samantha Dutton, the girl Jack Reacher protects
Patrick Heusinger[8] as the Hunter
Holt McCallany[9]  as Colonel Sam Morgan
Austin Hebert as Daniel Prudhomme[9]
Robert Catrini as Colonel Bob Moorcroft,[10] Turner’s attorney
Robert Knepper as General James Harkness[11]
Jessica Stroup as Lieutenant Sullivan
Madalyn Horcher as Sergeant Leach
Teri Wyble as Mrs. Prudhomme

text: Production[edit]

text: While Jack Reacher was intended to be a tent-pole for a film series, it was initially reported that a sequel would be unlikely due to its lackluster run at the North American box office.[12] However, in February 2013, a sequel became more likely after the film surpassed a gross of $200 million worldwide.[13] On December 9, 2013, it was announced that Paramount Pictures and Skydance Media were moving forward with the development of a second film, reportedly based on the 2013 Jack Reacher novel Never Go Back.[14]

text: On May 14, 2014, it was reported that Tom Cruise would reprise his role as Jack Reacher.[15]

text: On May 19, 2015, Deadline reported that Edward Zwick would re-team with Cruise, and direct the film. Zwick wrote the script along with Marshall Herskovitz, and also Richard Wenk. Zwick and Cruise had previously worked together on The Last Samurai.[16] On August 14, 2015, Cobie Smulders was added to the cast to play the female lead.[5] On September 15, Danika Yarosh signed on to star in the film,[7] on September 17, Aldis Hodge was added to the cast,[6] and on September 22, Patrick Heusinger was cast in the villain role.[8] On October 20, Holt McCallany joined the film, as did Austin Hebert.[9] On November 12, 2015, Robert Catrini joined,[10] and on January 20, 2016, Robert Knepper was cast as General Harkness, a retired general, and CEO of a private military firm.[11]

text: Principal photography on the film began on October 20, 2015, in New Orleans, Louisiana.[17] On November 23, 2015, filming took place in Baton Rouge,[18] and in January 2016, filming also took place in St. Francisville.[19]

text: Henry Jackman composed the film's music, making this Zwick's first film since Blood Diamond (2006) not to be scored by James Newton Howard.

text: Release[edit]

text: On June 14, 2016, Entertainment Weekly premiered a preview of the first trailer, with Cobie Smulders introducing the footage. The official Jack Reacher Twitter account announced that a full trailer would be released on June 22, 2016.[citation needed]  A browser game, titled Jack Reacher: Never Stop Punching, was also released to promote the film.[20]

text: In September 2015, Paramount set Jack Reacher: Never Go Back a release date of October 21, 2016.[21]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Jack Reacher: Never Go Back grossed $58.7 million in the United States and Canada, and $103.4 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $162.1 million, against a production budget of $96 million.[3][22]

text: In the United States and Canada, the film opened alongside Ouija: Origin of Evil, Keeping Up with the Joneses and Boo! A Madea Halloween, and was projected to gross around $20 million from 3,780 theaters in its opening weekend, with the studio expecting a debut of about $17 million.[23] It earned $1.3 million in midnight showings at 1,850 theaters, slightly above Oblivion's $1.1 million and under Edge of Tomorrow's $1.8 million.[24] For the weekend, the film opened to $23 million, finishing in second place, behind Boo! A Madea Halloween.[25][26] In its second weekend, the film dropped by 58.2%, grossing $9.6 million, and finishing third at the box office, behind A Madea Halloween ($16.7 million) and newcomer Inferno ($15 million).[27]

text: Outside North America, the film was released in 42 countries in conjunction with its United States and Canada debut, representing about 75% of the film's total marketplace internationally.[28]

text: In 30 markets, the film posted the biggest opening in the series. Outside of the United States and China, the United Kingdom and Ireland ($3.3 million), France ($2.8 million), Australia ($2 million), Russia ($2 million), Indonesia ($1.9 million), Taiwan ($1.6 million) and the UAE ($1.3 million) posted the top openings.[28]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 37%, based on 219 reviews, with an average rating of 5.2/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "Monotonously formulaic, Jack Reacher: Never Go Back is one action-thriller sequel whose title also serves as a warning."[29] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score 47 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[30] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale, while the first film received an "A−".[31][24]

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text: Home media[edit]

text: Jack Reacher: Never Go Back was released on Digital HD on January 17, 2017,[32] and on  Blu-ray, Ultra HD Blu-ray and DVD on January 31, 2017.[33][34]

text: By May 2018, the film had made $14.5 million in domestic region video sales.[35]