document_title: List of This Is Us characters

question_text: who is kevin's ex wife on this is us

question_tokens: who is kevin 's ex wife on this is us

text: List of This Is Us characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Jack Pearson[edit]

text: Jack Pearson (August 31, 1944 – January 26, 1998),[2][3] portrayed by Milo Ventimiglia, was Rebecca's first husband (until he died), and the father of Kevin, Kate, and Randall.[4] Jack had a brother named Nick.[5]

text: Jack had a rough childhood because of his abusive, alcoholic father Stanley Pearson, causing them to have a strained relationship. (Stanley did not know that Jack was married, so when Jack found out that he and Rebecca were expecting triplets, he went to his father asking for money, citing gambling debts, rather than telling him that he intended to buy a house for his family.[6] When Stanley was in the nursing home dying, he met Rebecca and his granddaughter Kate for the first time. Jack was camping with Kevin and Randall when Rebecca contacted him about his father dying, but Jack refused to see him.)[5]

text: Jack was drafted into the Army at age 25; he served in the Vietnam War as a mechanic.[7][8] He served along with his brother Nick, who died in the war.[5][9] (After Jack took Randall to Washington, D.C. on a college tour to Howard University, he took Randall to the Vietnam Veterans Memorial, and told him about being drafted and how the war affected him; this may have been the first time that Jack shared about his Vietnam experiences to a member of the Pearson family—including Rebecca.)[8][10]

text: After serving in the war, and working as a manual laborer, Jack became a construction foreman. When he wanted to buy the house for his family, he approached his boss and got a raise to $17,000 a year (equivalent to more than $49,000 in 2016), making him the highest paid foreman at the company.[6] He dreamed of opening his own firm, "Big Three Homes", but put his dreams on hold in order to provide a steady income for his children by getting a desk job.[11] However, he later decided to start the business, though the Big Three were about to start college.[12]

text: Two of the triplets (the third triplet was stillborn) and Randall (who was left at a fire station) were all born on Jack's 36th birthday.[4] Jack always wanted to find out who Randall's biological father was, and never knew that Rebecca had found him.[13]

text: Jack struggled with alcoholism while the children were young, but he stopped drinking to focus more on his family.[14] (Sometimes he'd vent his anger on a punching bag to avoid drinking after a tough day.)[15] However, he relapsed into alcoholism when he had a drink after a disagreement and argument with his wife, who wanted to go on tour with a band with a member she'd once dated.[16] His drinking continued for some time until he decided to deal with the problem by attending AA meetings.[15] His sobriety and AA work continued for at least 6 months.[8]

text: Jack died when his children were 17,[2] and Kate keeps his ashes with her.[17][18] On the night of the Super Bowl, Jack, Rebecca, Kate, and Randall go to bed for the night (Kevin was at a party with his girlfriend Sophie). [19] Previously, a smoke alarm was shown to be missing batteries, and thus be inoperable.[12] An old slow cooker given years previous by a neighbor was shown to have a faulty switch, which sparked and flamed, setting a towel and the house ablaze.

text: Jack saved Kate and Randall from the fire by guiding them to his and Rebecca's bedroom. He then hoisted them down from the first story roof. Kate was worried about her dog, so Jack went back inside and got the dog and other family pictures. Jack was hospitalized for smoke inhalation, which caused stress on his heart and eventually caused fatal cardiac arrest.[20]

text: Rebecca Pearson[edit]

text: Rebecca Pearson née Malone (born 1950 or 1951), portrayed by Mandy Moore, is Jack's wife, Miguel's second wife (after Jack died), and the mother of Kevin, Kate, and Randall.[4]

text: She strives to be a better mother to her children,[21] and has issues with Jack's alcoholism.[14] She has always known that William is Randall's father, but kept them apart as she was afraid that he would try to take Randall back.[13]

text: Rebecca always wanted to be a singer, but gave up on her dreams in order to focus on her family.[22] In the mid 1990s, she had a chance to become a singer again by joining a band with her ex-boyfriend. Jack was upset after finding out about their history, which caused a rift between Rebecca and Jack.[16]

text: When the house caught fire and Jack suffered smoke inhalation, at the hospital, since Jack appeared to be fine, Rebecca was making reservations for hotel rooms—unaware that Jack was coding and staff was rushing to him. After making reservations, Rebecca got a candy bar for her and Jack. Rebecca turned around and the doctor explained the cause of Jack's cardiac arrest. In shock, Rebecca took a bite of the candy bar, refusing to believe Jack was dead. She goes to his room to tell him what the doctor said, only to see him lifeless. She immediately shuts down upon seeing him dead. She then drives to Miguel's and tells him the news, then goes in to talk to Kate and Randall. [3]

text: Since she was out of Jack's room when he died, Rebecca got the Pearsons to the funeral early, because she wanted to be present when the urn with Jack's ashes was brought out. After Jack's funeral, Dr. K let Rebecca know that she had always been strong. This encouragement gave her the strength to let Kevin and Randall know that neither of them needed to be "the man of the house", since they were teenagers and should be dating, and to tell Kate not to blame herself for Jack's death because Jack made his own decisions. She also got the courage to drive across a bridge she had feared, while taking the "Big Three" to a Bruce Springsteen concert that Jack had previously obtained tickets for the night of the funeral.[9]

text: At least 10 years after Jack's death, Rebecca posted pictures of Tess, her first grandchild, on Facebook, then got a message from Jack's best friend, Miguel Rivas.[23] Rebecca later married Miguel.[14]

text: Kevin Pearson[edit]

text: Kevin Pearson (born August 31, 1980), portrayed by Justin Hartley (current day), Logan Shroyer (age 15—17), and Parker Bates (ages 8—10), is Jack and Rebecca's son, and Kate and Randall's brother.[4] He is "Number One" of the "Big Three", being the first of the surviving triplets to be born.[4]

text: Shortly before his tenth birthday, Kevin became attracted to Kate's best friend, Sophie, whom he married when they were older. Kevin and Sophie decided that she would stay in New York and he would move to California to pursue acting, believing that their marriage could handle the distance. Kevin and Sophie later divorced, 12 years prior to season 1, due to the distance and Kevin cheating on her.[18][24]

text: Kevin has always struggled with worrying about what people think of him, which caused him to have a strained relationship with Randall as they grew up.[14] Kevin was visibly envious of Randall, who had always excelled in everything and received more attention from their parents, but he didn't realize that Randall has longed for the same attention from him. In high school he played football, as a quarterback, wearing number twelve one year and number one the next[22][25] (His number one jersey was on display with Kevin's trophies when he visited the high school at age 37, for an alumni celebration.)[25] His goal of a football career ended when his knee was injured from a tackle during a game.[25]

text: Kevin was an actor in Los Angeles, starring as the lead on a long-running sitcom called The Manny, a sitcom in the tradition of Who's the Boss and The Nanny. He abruptly quit that show on his 36th birthday, criticizing the script quality, the producer's reluctance to add nuance to the show, and the audience.[4] After quitting his job, Kevin decided to move to New York to pursue a career as a serious stage actor on Broadway.[26] Upon arriving in New York, he got hired as the lead role, David, in Back of an Egg, opposite a cynical actress named Olivia Maine (who thought Kevin did not have the ability, but that Kevin was hired because his being "The Manny" would sell tickets).[26]

text: When Kevin had trouble connecting with the emotions needed for his role, he began spending time with Olivia, who tried to get him to connect with his feelings.[11] Kevin and Olivia briefly dated, but broke up after she brought her ex-boyfriend to the Pearson family cabin.[13] After his breakup with Olivia, Kevin began dating the writer of the play, Sloane Sandburg, attending Hanukkah with her family and inviting her to the Christmas Eve party at Randall's house.[27]

text: Sloane took over as the lead of the play when Olivia disappeared and the play was at risk. Kevin decided to self-fund the performance, in order to save it.[6] After Kevin and Sloane broke up, he reconnected with Sophie and began a relationship with her again.[18][28]

text: Director Ron Howard saw Kevin's play and had him cast in a war movie.[28] Kevin had trouble with his lines when he could not focus after, when Kate (visiting the set) talked with costar Sylvester Stallone about her dad, Stallone talked to Kevin about his dad. Kevin also reinjured his knee (an old football injury) during an explosion on the set.[29]

text: As a result of the injury, Kevin became addicted to pain medication and alcohol, and allowed his relationship with Sophie to deteriorate by telling her that he saw a future with her as a nightmare, although he failed to specify that this was due to his alcoholism and drug addition.[30] One day after a brief visit with Randall, Kevin was speeding down a road, unaware that Tess was hiding in the back seat; Kevin was pulled over and charged with DUI, and Randall and Beth became angry with Kevin for endangering Tess.[8] The judge ordered Kevin to go to rehab.[2]

text: As part of Kevin's ongoing efforts to rehabilitate, he was determined to make amends with everyone. He settled things with his mom (who was hurt during the rehab family session, tearfully revealing that Kevin was the first to leave after Jack's death.)[6] Kevin found out from Miguel that the thought of his being in love with Rebecca never crossed his mind while Jack was alive, and Miguel reassured him that he loved Rebecca now and was not going anywhere.[12] When Kevin attempted to make things right with Sophie, she told him to not say anything and to just leave her with the memories of how he was at 10, or 17, or when their marriage was good.[31] Kevin reconciled with Randall by helping him fix up the apartment building William lived in, and the two shared with each other how odd it felt that they could outlive their dad.[31] On Super Bowl Sunday, about 20 years after Jack's death, Kevin visited the memorial tree with some of his dad's ashes, to talk with him, vowing to make him proud.[3] (Kevin was at a party with Sophie when the house caught fire.)[31][3]

text: Kate Pearson[edit]

text: Kate Emily Pearson (born August 31, 1980), portrayed by Chrissy Metz (current day), Hannah Zeile (age 15—17), and Mackenzie Hancsicsak (ages 8—10), is Jack and Rebecca's daughter, and Kevin and Randall's sister.[4] She is "Number Two" of the "Big Three", being the second and last of the surviving triplets to be born.[4]

text: Kate is obese and has struggled with issues of self-esteem her entire life, which she greatly attributes to her strained relationship with her mother and the death of her father.[4][28] Her relationship with her mother led to depression, for which she later took Prozac. She discontinued taking this drug due to the side effect of weight gain.[27]

text: Kate lives in Los Angeles and was her brother, Kevin's, personal assistant.[32] When Kevin decided to move to New York, he fired her in order to allow her to build her own life, apart from him.[26] She is an ardent Pittsburgh Steelers fan and has a routine where she watches the games with her dad's ashes.[17] At nine years old, she had her appendix removed on Christmas Eve.[27]

text: Kate decided to join a weight-loss support group, where she met Toby. Despite saying that she was not going to get involved with a fat person, she fell for Toby.[4] When Toby decided to not continue with his diet, Kate broke up with him and decided to go to Randall's for Thanksgiving. During a turbulent plane ride to New Jersey, Kate had an epiphany and decided to have gastric bypass surgery.[33] After consulting with a doctor, she instead decided to enter a fat camp to attempt to lose the weight without surgery.[18] When Toby surprised Kate by showing up at Randall's house for Christmas, he told her that he can live without pizza and junk food, but that he cannot live without her.[27] Toby collapsed from a heart attack, and was taken to the hospital.

text: After Toby's heart surgery, Kate and Toby decided to get engaged.[6] Kate later found out she was pregnant.[34] Kate and Toby announced their pregnancy to Kevin, and planned to get married at city hall, but then considered a big wedding.[30] But Kate lost the baby in a miscarriage.[35] Despite some struggle in their relationship after the miscarriage, Toby eventually came through for Kate.[35] Kate struggled with eating junk food after the miscarriage, which Toby noticed when a trash bag broke.[2]

text: Kate had said that her father's death was her fault,[28] and has a fear of caring for dogs.[31] (Jack went back inside their burning house to save her dog, causing smoke inhalation which led to his death in the hospital. Afterwards, Kate wanted to give away the dog.)[3] She blames herself even though Rebecca told Kate after Jack's funeral not to blame herself, because Jack made his own decisions.[9] Every year on Super Bowl Sunday, Kate would watch the videotape Jack made of her singing for a Berklee College of Music audition.[3]

text: Randall Pearson[edit]

text: Randall Kenneth Pearson (born August 31, 1980), portrayed by Sterling K. Brown (current day), Niles Fitch (ages 15—17), and Lonnie Chavis (ages 8—10), is Jack and Rebecca's (adopted) son, and Kate and Kevin's brother.[4] He is "Number Three" of the "Big Three", being adopted after Kevin and Kate were born.[4] On his 36th birthday, he found his biological father, William, and invited him to his northern New Jersey home.[4]

text: Randall worked at selling commodity futures based on weather patterns, and was shown to be successful and affluent.[11] However, after a nervous breakdown and some time off, he felt that his firm did not appreciate or respect him, and quit.[16][28]

text: On the day that Randall was born, he was dropped off in front of a firehouse by his biological father, William, and then taken to the hospital, where he was adopted by Jack and Rebecca.[4] Jack and Rebecca originally named him Kyle (the name they had intended for their third child, who was stillborn). Taking William's advice, Rebecca decided to give him his own name, naming him after William's favorite poet, Dudley Randall, although she refused to let William see Randall.[4][32] This allowed them to honor both their stillborn son's memory and Randall, rather than essentially replacing one son with the other.

text: At age nine, Randall’s teacher informed Jack and Rebecca that Randall was a gifted child who was not being challenged enough at his current school. They decided to remove him from public school and send him to Hanes Academy.[11] In high school Randall played football, wearing number 36.[22]

text: Randall and Kevin had an estranged relationship and didn't reconnect until they were 36 years old. At some points, Kevin openly despised Randall.[14] At a high school football game, where they played on opposing teams, they got in a fight.[22] However, there were also some moments when they acted like brothers.[5] When they were teenagers, Kevin was there with Kate to comfort Randall when a woman claimed to be his birth mother as a scam to get money.[29] When they were 36, they got in a fight on the street in New York, but Kevin told onlookers they were brothers.[22] When Randall had his nervous breakdown, Kevin left the theater—when opening day was about to start—to comfort Randall.[16]

text: As an adult, Kevin was hurt that Randall didn't seem to care about his acting career.[22] They began to reconnect when Kevin needed Randall's advice, but Randall coldly told him he shouldn't care what he thinks. Eventually, Kevin moved to Randall's house in New Jersey, but they still had some work to do on building their relationship.[26] He loves Thanksgiving and has his family recreate a specific childhood Thanksgiving every year, including a 3.4 mile hike, watching Police Academy 3: Back in Training, and imitating a hotel owner known as "Pilgrim Rick".[33]

text: In season 2, Randall wanted to adopt a baby (to honor his father's legacy), but decided (with Beth's input) to foster an older child who may need help.[7][19] They fostered a 12-year old girl named Deja, whose mother Shauna was incarcerated. She showed signs of physical abuse, but Randall and Beth started to win her trust and get her to open up.[29][34][5] When the charges against Shauna were dropped, Deja went back home with her (over Randall's initial objections). Randall and Beth planned to try fostering again after some time.[8]

text: Beth Pearson[edit]

text: Beth Pearson, portrayed by Susan Kelechi Watson, is Randall's wife, whom he met in college and later married, circa 1999. The couple has two daughters, Annie and Tess.[14] Their marriage is based on honesty where they make an effort not to have secrets from one another. William revealed to Beth that he had met and communicated with Rebecca. This caused Beth to give Rebecca an ultimatum: to either tell Randall or she would. Growing up, Beth lived in a three-bedroom house with 14 other people.[22] After Randall quit his job, Beth took a job so Randall could be a stay-at-home dad.[19]

text: When her daughter's pet "Mr. Lizard" went missing during a Super Bowl Party, she accidentally stepped on him, killing him.

text: Toby Damon[edit]

text: Toby Damon, portrayed by Chris Sullivan. is Kate's fiancé.[6] Toby was born in Palm Springs, California.[6] Toby began dating Kate after they met at a weight-loss support group.[4] Toby is confident with his own body although obese, and encourages Kate to have better self-esteem. He was previously married to a woman whom Kate views as beautiful and successful, but who treated him badly. Toby gained 90 pounds in the first year after his divorce.[26]

text: Refusing to take Kate's hesitance about the relationship lightly, Toby has continually come up with sweet gestures to win her over.[32] In the beginning, he felt that he had to compete with Kevin for Kate's attention.[32] Despite breaking his weight-loss goals, Toby decided dieting was not for him and went off his diet, resulting in Kate breaking up with him.[13] He surprised Kate by showing up at Randall's house for Christmas Eve, stating that he could live without pizza and junk food, but that he could not live without her.[27] On Christmas Eve, Toby collapsed and ended up in the hospital with an arrhythmia.[27]

text: After Toby's heart surgery, he and Kate decided to get engaged.[6] Kate became pregnant with Toby's child, but she miscarried; afterwards, despite an initial struggle in their relationship, Toby came through for her.[34][35] Kate, around the 20th anniversary of Jack's death, told Toby he strengthens her and Jack would have loved him.[3]

text: William Hill[edit]

text: William H. "Shakespeare" Hill (died 2017), portrayed by Ron Cephas Jones (recent days) and Jermel Nakia (as a young adult), was Randall's biological father.[32]

text: William was a recovering drug addict who was suffering from terminal stage-four stomach cancer in the present.[26] He grew up in Memphis,[18] and after his mother moved to Pittsburgh he stayed in Memphis to play in his cousin Ricky's band, where he played piano, wrote, and sang.[36] William left the band, with the intention of returning, to care for his dying mother. However, after meeting Randall's mother and becoming a drug addict, he never returned.[36] He got clean after he thought he saw a monkey on the streets, realizing that nothing good comes from a person being on the street at 3:30 am. (He also stayed clean for years after being told by a judge, who offered to help him after his first conviction, to picture the judge's face when he was tempted to do the wrong thing.)[30] William returned to Philadelphia to attend a Narcotics Anonymous meeting, hoping to find and reconnect with his former lover—a man named Jessie.[27]

text: William, who was bisexual, and Jesse never officially broke up. Jessie assumed William had died when he vanished one night—the night William moved in with Randall's family.[27]

text: After leaving Randall at the firehouse, he waited outside the hospital to see him being taken home by Jack and Rebecca. Rebecca realized that William was Randall's father, after seeing him getting onto the bus as she left the hospital. She eventually tracked him down,[14] a secret she kept from everyone, including Randall and Jack.[13]

text: William always wanted to have a relationship with his child,[13] but promised Rebecca he would stay away for Randall's benefit.[32] He accidentally revealed this secret to Beth one night when they got high together,[22] and Randall accidentally found out himself, when he found a letter and photo in William's apartment, from Rebecca, while looking for cassette tapes.[33] (William also told Randall about the second time William saw Rebecca; he took a cab to follow her home, hoping he could be in Randall's life, but when he was outside the house, he thought better of it.)[8]

text: William eventually succumbed to his cancer during a road trip back to Memphis with Randall.[36] Prior to his death he left a letter to Randall's girls, asking them to plan a fun memorial for him. He also sent Beth a postcard from Memphis, saying goodbye and calling her the daughter he never had.[28]

text: Miguel Rivas[edit]

text: Miguel Rivas, portrayed by Jon Huertas, was Jack's best friend and is Rebecca's second husband. Miguel was originally married to Shelly, before they divorced.[24] While it originally seemed that his marriage to Rebecca happened shortly after Jack's death, in season 2 it is clarified that the two did not get together until at least ten years after Jack's passing.[23][2] Miguel was initially disliked by Kevin, until Miguel told Kevin how much he is like his father.[16]

text: Miguel told Beth and Toby one day, when Kevin in rehab was meeting with "immediate family", that he felt like a real outsider compared to them and the Pearson family.[2] When Kevin got out of rehab and stayed with Rebecca, Miguel was protective of her after she was hurt by Kevin's arrest, and by Kevin criticizing her in his rehab session with the family.[12] Kevin asked Miguel if he was in love with Rebecca when Jack was alive; Miguel said that idea never occurred to him because everyone saw Jack and Rebecca as one entity rather than two separate individuals. But he stated that he loves Rebecca now, and is not going anywhere.[12]

text: Sophie[edit]

text: Sophie, portrayed by Alexandra Breckenridge (modern day), Amanda Leighton (ages 15-17), and Sophia Coto (age 10), was Kate's childhood best friend and Kevin's childhood love and his ex-wife. Kevin moved to New York and reconciled with her, after his relationships with Olivia and Sloane ended.[18][28] Their relationship initially survived the distance when Kevin was in his movie in L.A., but Kevin broke up with Sophie, admitting that he couldn't be the man that he wanted to be for her.[30] When Kevin got sober, he tried making amends to Sophie; she just wanted to remember Kevin when they were younger.[3]

text: Tess Pearson[edit]

text: Tess Pearson, portrayed by Eris Baker, is Randall and Beth's older daughter. She was promoted to series regular in season two.[37] She was named after the Tessana ceiling fan Randall was going to purchase when hearing about Beth going into labor.[23] Although not noticed acting out previously, she hid in her uncle Kevin's car (claiming she hates it at her house), when he was pulled over for speeding and charged with DUI;[8] she later claimed she was just unhappy that Deja, the foster child, had to go home.[2] Tess admitted one day (on the 20th anniversary of Jack's death) she had tried to prevent social workers from calling, worried that recent changes meant Randall wanted a "new life"; Randall reassured her that he would always be devoted to her.[3] Tess is shown in the future as an adult, working as a social worker, with an older Randall meeting her for dinner like they have done while Tess was younger.[3]

text: Annie Pearson[edit]

text: Annie Pearson, portrayed by Faithe Herman, is Randall and Beth's younger daughter. She was also promoted to series regular in season two.[37] On William's first night at Randall's family's house, when William wanted to step out, Annie convinced William that he might be happy if he stayed. [29]

text: Recurring characters[edit]

text: Introduced in season one[edit]

text: Gerald McRaney as Dr. Nathan Katowski (aka "Dr. K"): The obstetrician who delivered Kate and Kevin.

text: Janet Montgomery as Olivia Maine: a theatre actress, Kevin's former stage partner and ex-girlfriend.

text: Milana Vayntrub as Sloane Sandburg: Kevin's stage partner and ex-girlfriend.

text: Ryan Michelle Bathe as Yvette: A family friend of the Pearsons.

text: Denis O'Hare as Jessie: William's friend and former lover.[27][6]

text: Adam Bartley as Duke: The stable worker at the weight-loss camp Kate attended.

text: Jill Johnson as Laurie: A member of Toby and Kate's weight-loss support group.[4]

text: Peter Onorati as Stanley Pearson: Jack's father.

text: Hari Dhillon as Sanjay Jahiri: Randall's newer former coworker.

text: Caitlin Thompson as Madison: Member of Toby and Kate's support group.

text: Introduced in season two[edit]

text: Lyric Ross as Deja: Randall and Beth's foster child while her mother was incarcerated.[39]

text: Guest stars[edit]

text: The following is a supplementary list of guest stars, some recurring, who appear in lesser roles. The characters are listed, in alphabetical order by actor, by the season in which they first appeared.

text: Introduced in season one[edit]

text: Susan Blakely as Anne.

text: Katie Couric as herself.

text: Wynn Everett as Shelly.

text: Brad Garrett as Wes Manning.

text: Jami Gertz as Marin Rosenthal.

text: Ron Howard as himself.

text: Mario Lopez as himself.

text: Seth Meyers as himself.

text:
Elizabeth Perkins as Janet Malone: Rebecca's overbearing mother.
Katey Sagal as Lanie Schulz: Kevin's Hollywood agent.[14]
Jimmi Simpson as Andy Fannan.

text: Alan Thicke as himself.

text: Introduced in season two[edit]

text:
Kate Burton as Barbara: Psychologist at Kevin's rehab who facilitates his meeting with the family.[40]
Garrett Morris as Lloyd: A resident living in William's old apartment building.[41]
Debra Jo Rupp as Linda: A social worker who worked with Randall and Beth Pearson when they fostered Deja.[42]
Sylvester Stallone as himself: Actor in a movie Kevin was cast in.[43]


document_title: List of amendments to the United States Constitution

question_text: when was the last amendment to the constitution added

root

text: Ratified amendments

text: Synopsis of each ratified amendment

text:
No.
Subject
Date submitted for Ratification[4]
Date ratification completed[4]
Ratification time span

1st
Prohibits Congress from making any law respecting an establishment of religion, impeding the free exercise of religion, abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, interfering with the right to peaceably assemble or prohibiting the petitioning for a governmental redress of grievances.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

2nd
Protects the right to keep and bear arms.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

3rd
Places restrictions on the quartering of soldiers in private homes without the owner's consent, prohibiting it during peacetime.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

4th
Prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures and sets out requirements for search warrants based on probable cause as determined by a neutral judge or magistrate.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

5th
Sets out rules for indictment by grand jury and eminent domain, protects the right to due process, and prohibits self-incrimination and double jeopardy.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

6th
Protects the right to a fair and speedy public trial by jury, including the rights to be notified of the accusations, to confront the accuser, to obtain witnesses and to retain counsel.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

7th
Provides for the right to trial by jury in certain civil cases, according to common law.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

8th
Prohibits excessive fines and excessive bail, as well as cruel and unusual punishment.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

9th
Protects rights not enumerated in the Constitution.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

10th
Reinforces the principle of federalism by stating that the federal government possesses only those powers delegated to it by the states or the people through the Constitution.
September 25, 1789
December 15, 1791
2 years
2 months
20 days

11th
Makes states immune from suits from out-of-state citizens and foreigners not living within the state borders; lays the foundation for sovereign immunity.
March 4, 1794
February 7, 1795
11 months
3 days

12th
Revises presidential election procedures.
December 9, 1803
June 15, 1804
6 months
6 days

13th
Abolishes slavery, and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
January 31, 1865
December 6, 1865
10 months
6 days

14th
Defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post–Civil War issues.
June 13, 1866
July 9, 1868
2 years
0 months
26 days

15th
Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
February 26, 1869
February 3, 1870
11 months
8 days

16th
Permits Congress to levy an income tax without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the United States Census.
July 12, 1909
February 3, 1913
3 years
6 months
22 days

17th
Establishes the direct election of United States Senators by popular vote.
May 13, 1912
April 8, 1913
10 months
26 days

18th
Prohibited the manufacturing or sale of alcohol within the United States.
(Repealed December 5, 1933)
December 18, 1917
January 16, 1919
1 year
0 months
29 days

19th
Prohibits the denial of the right to vote based on sex.
June 4, 1919
August 18, 1920
1 year
2 months
14 days

20th
Changes the date on which the terms of the President and Vice President (January 20) and Senators and Representatives (January 3) end and begin.
March 2, 1932
January 23, 1933
10 months
21 days

21st
Repeals the 18th Amendment and makes it a federal offense to transport or import intoxicating liquors into US states and territories where such transport or importation is prohibited by the laws of those states and territories.
February 20, 1933
December 5, 1933
9 months
15 days

22nd
Limits the number of times that a person can be elected president: a person cannot be elected president more than twice, and a person who has served more than two years of a term to which someone else was elected cannot be elected more than once.
March 24, 1947
February 27, 1951
3 years
11 months
6 days

23rd
Grants the District of Columbia electors (the number of electors being equal to the least populous state) in the Electoral College.
June 16, 1960
March 29, 1961
9 months
12 days

24th
Prohibits the revocation of voting rights due to the non-payment of a poll tax or any other tax.
September 14, 1962
January 23, 1964
1 year
4 months
27 days

25th
Addresses succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities.
July 6, 1965
February 10, 1967
1 year
7 months
4 days

26th
Prohibits the denial of the right of US citizens, eighteen years of age or older, to vote on account of age.
March 23, 1971
July 1, 1971
3 months
8 days

27th
Delays laws affecting Congressional salary from taking effect until after the next election of representatives.
September 25, 1789
May 5, 1992[5]
202 years
7 months
10 days

tag: table

text: Summation of ratification data for each ratified amendment

text:
" Y " indicates that the state ratified the amendment.

" N " indicates that the state rejected the amendment and has not ratified it.

" Y(‡) " indicates that the state's ratification of the amendment came after the state had officially rejected it.

" Y(×) " indicates that after officially ratifying the amendment the state rescinded that ratification, but later re-ratified it.

" — " indicates that the state did not complete action on the amendment.

" … " indicates that the amendment was ratified before the state joined the Union.

State
(in order of statehood)
1–10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

 · Delaware
Y
Y
N
Y(‡)
Y(‡)
Y(‡)
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Pennsylvania
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—

 · New Jersey
Y
—
Y
Y(‡)
Y(×)
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Georgia
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
—
Y
Y(‡)
Y
—
Y
—
—
—
Y
Y

 · Connecticut
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Massachusetts
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
—

 · Maryland
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · South Carolina
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
—
Y
Y(‡)
Y
N
Y
—
—
Y
Y
Y

 · New Hampshire
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Virginia
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
N
—
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · New York
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(×)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—

 · North Carolina
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Rhode Island
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Vermont
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Kentucky
…
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y(‡)
Y(‡)
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
—
Y
Y
—
Y

 · Tennessee
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Ohio
…
…
Y
Y
Y(×)
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Louisiana
…
…
…
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
—
Y
—
—
Y
Y
Y

 · Indiana
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Mississippi
…
…
…
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y(‡)
Y
—
Y
—
N
Y
—
—

 · Illinois
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Alabama
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Maine
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Missouri
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Arkansas
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
—
Y
Y
Y

 · Michigan
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Florida
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
—
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
—
Y

 · Texas
…
…
…
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Iowa
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Wisconsin
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · California
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Minnesota
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Oregon
…
…
…
Y
Y(×)
Y(‡)
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Kansas
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · West Virginia
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Nevada
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y

 · Nebraska
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Colorado
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · North Dakota
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
—
—
Y

 · South Dakota
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
—
—
Y

 · Montana
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Washington
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Idaho
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Wyoming
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
Y
Y

 · Utah
…
…
…
…
…
…
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y

 · Oklahoma
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
N
Y
—
Y
Y
Y

 · New Mexico
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y

 · Arizona
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y
—
Y
—
Y
Y
Y

 · Alaska
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

 · Hawaii
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
…
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

State
(in order of statehood)
1–10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27

text: Unratified amendments

text: Synopsis of each unratified amendment

text:
Title
Subject
Status

Congressional Apportionment Amendment
Would strictly regulate the size of congressional districts for representation in the House of Representatives.
Pending since September 25, 1789

Titles of Nobility Amendment
Would strip citizenship from any United States citizen who accepts a title of nobility from a foreign country.
Pending since May 1, 1810

Corwin Amendment
Would make the states' "domestic institutions" (slavery) impervious to the constitutional amendment procedures established in Article V and immune to abolition or interference from Congress.
Pending since March 2, 1861

Child Labor Amendment
Would empower the federal government to limit, regulate, and prohibit child labor.
Pending since June 2, 1924

Equal Rights Amendment
Would have prohibited deprivation of equality of rights by the federal or state governments on account of sex.
Initial ratification period ended March 22, 1979
and extension period ended June 30, 1982; amendment failed

District of Columbia Voting Rights Amendment
Would have treated the District of Columbia as if it were a state regarding representation in the United States Congress (including repealing the 23rd Amendment), representation in the Electoral College and participation in the process by which the Constitution is amended.
Ratification period ended August 22, 1985;
Amendment failed

text: Summation of ratification data for each unratified amendment

text:
" Y " indicates that the state ratified the amendment.

" N " indicates that the state rejected the amendment and has not ratified it.

" Y(‡) " indicates that the state's ratification of the amendment came after the state had officially rejected it.

" Y(×) " indicates that after officially ratifying the amendment the state rescinded that ratification.

" ⋈ " indicates that the state did not complete action on the amendment during the stated ratification period.

" " An empty cell indicates that the state has not completed action on the pending amendment.

State
(in alphabetical order)

 · Alabama

⋈
⋈

 · Alaska

Y
⋈

 · Arizona

Y
⋈
⋈

 · Arkansas

Y
⋈
⋈

 · California

Y
Y
⋈

 · Colorado

Y
Y
⋈

 · Connecticut
N
N

N
Y
Y

 · Delaware
N
Y

N
Y
Y

 · Florida

N
⋈
⋈

 · Georgia
N
Y

N
⋈
⋈

 · Hawaii

Y
Y

 · Idaho

Y
Y(×)
⋈

 · Illinois

Y
Y
⋈
⋈

 · Indiana

Y(‡)
Y
⋈

 · Iowa

Y
Y
Y

 · Kansas

Y(‡)
Y
⋈

 · Kentucky
Y
Y
Y
Y(‡)
Y(×)
⋈

 · Louisiana

N
⋈
Y

 · Maine

Y(‡)
Y
Y

 · Maryland
Y
Y
Y(×)
N
Y
Y

 · Massachusetts
N
Y

N
Y
Y

 · Michigan

Y
Y
Y

 · Minnesota

Y(‡)
Y
Y

 · Mississippi

⋈
⋈

 · Missouri

N
⋈
⋈

 · Montana

Y
Y
⋈

 · Nebraska

Y(×)
⋈

 · Nevada

Y
⋈
⋈

 · New Hampshire
Y
Y

Y(‡)
Y
⋈

 · New Jersey
Y
Y

Y
Y
Y

 · New Mexico

Y(‡)
Y
⋈

 · New York
Y
N

Y
⋈

 · North Carolina
Y
Y

N
⋈
⋈

 · North Dakota

Y
Y
⋈

 · Ohio

Y
Y(×)
Y
Y
Y

 · Oklahoma

Y
⋈
⋈

 · Oregon

Y
Y
Y

 · Pennsylvania
Y(‡)
Y

Y(‡)
Y
⋈

 · Rhode Island
Y
N
Y

Y
Y

 · South Carolina
Y

N
⋈
⋈

 · South Dakota

N
Y(×)
⋈

 · Tennessee

Y

N
Y(×)
⋈

 · Texas

N
Y
⋈

 · Utah

Y(‡)
⋈
⋈

 · Vermont
Y
Y

N
Y
⋈

 · Virginia
Y

N
⋈
⋈

 · Washington

Y
Y
⋈

 · West Virginia

Y
Y
Y

 · Wisconsin

Y
Y
Y

 · Wyoming

Y
Y
⋈

Number of ratifications:
11
12
5(×2)
28
35(×5)
16


document_title: Gnomeo & Juliet

question_text: who does the voice of the deer in gnomeo and juliet

text: Gnomeo & Juliet

text: Plot[edit]

text: Mrs. Montague and Mr. Capulet (Julie Walters and Richard Wilson) are two elderly neighbours who despise each other. When they leave their respective gardens, their garden gnomes and other lawn ornaments come alive. The Montague garden is filled with blue-hat gnomes led by Lady Bluebury (Maggie Smith), and the Capulet garden has red-hat gnomes led by Lord Redbrick (Michael Caine). Like their human gardeners, the gnomes also despise each other.

tag: p

text: The gnomes hold a back alley lawnmower race, with Lady Bluebury's son Gnomeo (James McAvoy) driving for the blues and Tybalt (Jason Statham) for the reds. Tybalt cheats to win the race, destroying Gnomeo's lawnmower. Gnomeo and his best friend, Benny (Matt Lucas), are disappointed to see Mrs. Montague ordering a new "Kitty Clipper" lawnmower to replace it.

text: That night, Gnomeo and Benny infiltrate the red garden in black disguise. Benny sprays Tybalt's well and accidentally triggers a security light. During the escape Gnomeo ends up in a nearby garden where he bumps into a disguised Juliet (Emily Blunt), the daughter of Lord Redbrick. Juliet is attempting to retrieve a unique orchid, and the two romantically fight over it. They each discover the other's color before fleeing the garden. When they both go back to their own gardens, Juliet tells her frog-sprinkler friend Nanette (Ashley Jensen) about her newfound love. Nanette states that the relationship is a romantically tragic.

text: Gnomeo and Juliet have secret meetings in the nearby garden, where they meet a pink plastic flamingo named Featherstone (Jim Cummings) who encourages their love. Lord Redbrick pairs Juliet with a Red Gnome named Paris (Stephen Merchant), but Juliet isn't interested in him and distracts him with Nanette who has feelings for him.

text: Lady Bluebury is distraught after the reds infiltrate the garden and destroy the plant nurtured by Gnomeo's late father. The blues want Gnomeo to take revenge on the reds, and he realizes that he cannot refuse unless he tells his secret. Just as he is about to spray the prized tulips of the reds, Juliet sees him and he backs out of the attack.

text: When he and Juliet meet up again, they argue until Featherstone stops them, telling them he lost his wife when the couple living in the house, where the garden is, broke up and never saw each other again. Benny sees them and runs into the alleyway, where Tybalt is waiting with his lawnmower, attempting to run Benny down and chops off his hat. Gnomeo intervenes, and he and Tybalt fight on the red lawnmower until the lawnmower runs into the wall. Gnomeo jumps off at the last minute, but Tybalt crashes into the wall, causing him to fracture and break himself. The reds attempt to attack Gnomeo, thinking that Tybalt died because of him, but Juliet, to the surprise of her clan, defends Gnomeo, saying that she loves him. Gnomeo ends up on a road, and everyone believes he was run over by a truck. Lord Redbrick has the other red gnomes glue Juliet's feet to her fountain because he does not want to lose her like he lost her mother.

text: Shroom, Gnomeo's mushroom friend finds out that Gnomeo is still alive (A blue teapot fell out of the truck that 'ran him over', which all the gnomes came to believe was Gnomeo), as he eventually reaches a park where he climbs onto a statue of William Shakespeare (Patrick Stewart) and tells him his story. Shakespeare tells Gnomeo that his story is very similar to Romeo and Juliet and that it is likely Gnomeo's will have a sad ending as well.

text: Benny gets onto Mrs Montague's computer and changes her lawnmower order to a powerful Terrafirminator unit, intending to get revenge on the reds. However, the Terrafirminator goes out of control, destroys most of the two gardens, and gets itself stuck while the gnomes wage a full-scale war. Gnomeo returns to Juliet with the help of Featherstone. However, when he arrives, the Terrafirminator frees itself, sending it flying. Gnomeo tries to un-glue Juliet, but is unable to. She tells him to go, but he refuses. The two share a passionate kiss just as the lawnmower crashes into the fountain, self-destructing in the process. When everyone believes that both are dead, Lord Redbrick and Lady Bluebury decide to end the feud. Miraculously, Gnomeo and Juliet emerge from the ruins and the two clans celebrate.

text: The film ends happily with the red and blue gnomes finally coming together to celebrate their newfound peace. Tybalt is revealed to still be alive having been glued back together, Featherstone is reunited with his wife after Benny finds and orders her online, Gnomeo and Juliet are married on a purple lawnmower, which symbolizes the new union of both gnome clans.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
James McAvoy as Gnomeo; a blue gnome counterpart to Romeo Montague.
Emily Blunt as Juliet; a red gnome counterpart to Juliet Capulet.
Michael Caine as Lord Redbrick, the leader of the red gnomes and Juliet's overprotective widower father; counterpart to Lord Capulet.
Maggie Smith as Lady Bluebury, the leader of the blue gnomes and Gnomeo's widowed mother; counterpart to Lady Montague.
Jason Statham as Tybalt; a red gnome counterpart to Tybalt.
Ashley Jensen as Nanette, a Scottish-accented plastic garden frog and Juliet's best friend; counterpart to Nurse.
Matt Lucas as Benny, Gnomeo's impulsive and tall-hatted best friend; counterpart to Benvolio.
Stephen Merchant as Paris, a nerdy red gnome who was arranged to marry Juliet; counterpart to Count Paris.
Patrick Stewart as the statue of William Shakespeare.
Ozzy Osbourne as Fawn, a garden deer and Tybalt's best friend; counterpart to Peter.
Jim Cummings as Featherstone, a lonely plastic flamingo with a thick Spanish accent; counterpart to Friar Laurence.
Hulk Hogan as Terrafirminator Announcer.
Julie Walters as Ms. Montague, the elderly owner of the Blue garden.
Richard Wilson as Mr. Capulet, the elderly owner of the Red garden.
Kelly Asbury as Red Goon Gnomes; counterparts to Gregory, Sampson, Anthony, and Potpan.
Shroom, a silent mushroom and Gnomeo’s friend/pet; counterpart to Romeo's servant Balthasar.
The Bunnies, a group of small, cement bunnies that act as servants for Lady Bluebury and others in the Blue Garden; counterparts to Abram and other miscellaneous servants of the Montagues.
Dolly Parton as Dolly Gnome, the lawnmower race announcer.
Julia Braams as Stone Fish, a stone fish that attached to the Fishing Gnome. In the end, it is seen being dragged by Gnomeo and Juliet's purple lawnmower.
James Daniel Wilson as Fishing Gnome, a red gnome.
Tim Bentinck as Conjoined Gnome Left, a red gnome.
Julio Bonet as Mankini Gnome, a red gnome.
Neil McCaul as Conjoined Gnome Right, a red gnome.
Maurissa Horwitz as Call Me Doll, Benny's newfound girlfriend.
John Todd as Dancer.

tag: ul

text: There is no counterpart for Mercutio, as stated by James McAvoy in an interview with NBC, ”Gnomeo in this is a little bit of amalgamation between Romeo and Mercutio. We don’t have that Mercutio character in this. We don’t have that leader of the pack, which Romeo isn’t but Gnomeo is a little bit."[9] Prince Escalus also doesn't have a counterpart.

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was the original idea of Sprackling and Smith, who sold the spec script to Disney through Rocket Pictures. Disney studio chairman Dick Cook greenlit the film, under the Disney-owned Miramax Films.[10] Miramax was later sold by Disney in 2010, but the latter studio retained the rights to the film.[1] Disney then opted to release the film through its Touchstone Pictures banner, when Starz Animation decided to produce and animate the film. Disney Australian director Adam Elliot was approached and asked to direct the film, but he rejected the offer due the film's incompatibility with his style, as well as his lack of experience with CGI.[11] Starz Animation Toronto (which also made 9) produced all of the animation for the film, including the stereoscopic version.

text: Asbury got on board in 2006, and was attracted the movie in order to work with Elton John. [12] Asbury and Hamilton Shaw then rewrote the film " sort of from scratch," [12] A particular challenge, according to Asbury was how to differentiate the ending between the original play and the movie in order to "keep daggers and poison and suicide out".[12] Ashbury had free range of the casting and conducted the process only through listening to voices, not knowing which actor was auditioning until he felt they were right for the character. [12] Prior to the casting of James McAvoy and Emily Blunt, the roles of Gnomeo and Juliet were to be voiced by Ewan McGregor and Kate Winslet, respectively.[13]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
Gnomeo & Juliet (Original Soundtrack)

Soundtrack album by Elton John

Released
February 8, 2011 (2011-02-08)

Recorded
2009-2010

Genre
Orchestral, pop, rock

Length
60:24

Label
Buena Vista

Producer
Elton John and David Furnish

Elton John chronology

The Union
(2010)The Union2010
Gnomeo & Juliet Soundtrack
(2011)
Good Morning to the Night
(2012)Good Morning to the Night2012

text: Gnomeo & Juliet: Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack album and was released by Buena Vista Records on February 8, 2011.[14] It features music by Elton John (who was also the film's executive producer), Nelly Furtado, Kiki Dee, and selections from the score composed by Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard (who played keyboards for Elton John and arranged strings on many previous projects).

text: The duet of John and Lady Gaga for "Hello, Hello" was featured in the film, released on February 11, 2011, but the soundtrack version only features John.[15] Additionally, on May 4, 2011 the duet was leaked online and available for download on most sharing websites.

text: Track listing[edit]

text:
"Hello Hello" (Album Version) – Elton John
"Crocodile Rock" – Nelly Furtado & Elton John
"Saturday Night's Alright For Fighting" – Elton John
"Don't Go Breaking My Heart" – Elton John & Kiki Dee
"Love Builds a Garden" – Elton John
"Your Song" – Elton John
"Rocket Man" – Elton John
"Tiny Dancer" – Elton John
"Bennie and the Jets" – Elton John
"Gnomeo & Juliet (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Dandelions (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Bennie and the Bunnies (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"Terrafirminator (Score)" – Chris P. Bacon and James Newton Howard
"The Tiki Tiki Tiki Room" – Wally Boag, Thurl Ravenscroft, Fulton Burley & The Mellomen

tag: ol

text:
Track 1-9: Original lyrics by Bernie Taupin, all music by Elton John & band.
Track 10: Written by James Newton Howard, contains music by Elton John.
Track 11 & 13: Written by James Newton Howard & Chris P. Bacon, contains music by Elton John.
Track 12: Written by James Newton Howard & Stuart Michael Thomas, contains music by Elton John.
Track 14: Written by Robert & Richard Sherman.

text: Musicians[edit]

text: Elton John & band:

text:
Elton John: Piano, vocals
Davey Johnstone: Guitars, backing vocals
Bob Birch: Bass, backing vocals
Nigel Olsson: Drums, backing vocals
John Mahon: Percussion, backing vocals
James Newton Howard: Keyboards

text: Release[edit]

text: Gnomeo and Juliet's worldwide premiere was at El Capitan Theatre in Hollywood on January 23, 2011.[16] The film was released by Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures under the Touchstone Pictures banner on February 11, 2011.[1] The film was Touchstone's first animated film since 1993's The Nightmare Before Christmas and also Touchstone's first and, so far, only film to receive a G rating from the MPAA, despite some mild language. The film was distributed in the United Kingdom and Canada by Entertainment One Films.[3] Elton John and director Asbury presented 10 minutes of the film at the Cannes Film Festival.[17]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Gnomeo & Juliet was released by Touchstone Home Entertainment on Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD on May 24, 2011.[18][19] The film was produced as three different packages: a 1-disc DVD, a 2-disc Blu-ray/DVD combo pack, and a 3-disc Blu-ray 3D, Blu-ray, and DVD combo pack. The 3-disc package also includes access to a digital download of the film.[20] Both the DVD and Blu-ray versions of the release include the music video for Elton John and Nelly Furtado's version of John's "Crocodile Rock", as well as the extras "Elton Builds a Garden" and "Frog Talk" with Ashley Jensen.[21] In addition, the Blu-ray version also has several deleted and alternate scenes, as well as a feature with Ozzy Osbourne called "The Fawn of Darkness".[22]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Gnomeo & Juliet received generally mixed reviews. Review aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes reported that 55% of professional critics gave positive reviews based on 117 reviews with an average rating of 5.6/10.[23] Its consensus states "While it has moments of inspiration, Gnomeo & Juliet is often too self-referential for its own good".[23] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, gave the film a 53 rating based on 28 reviews on its review scale.[24]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Gnomeo and Juliet earned about $100 million in North America and $94 million in other countries, for a worldwide total of $194 million.[5] Gnomeo & Juliet was ultimately a sleeper hit for Disney, outperforming the much higher-budgeted (and eventual box office bomb)[25] Mars Needs Moms the studio released a month following Gnomeo & Juliet. On its first weekend, the film had a worldwide opening of $30.7 million, finishing in second place behind Just Go with It ($35.8 million).[26][27] However, on its second weekend —Presidents' Day weekend— it topped the worldwide box office (although not being in first place either in North America[28] or overseas[29]) with $29.8 million, ahead of Unknown which ranked second ($26.4 million).

text: It opened in 2,994 theaters in North America on Friday, February 11, 2011, grossing $6.2 million on its first day and ranking third behind Justin Bieber: Never Say Never and Just Go with It. It then finished the weekend with $25.4 million in third place.[30] However, it scored the largest opening weekend ever for an animated feature released during the winter period (both January and February). It also made the largest debut on record for a minor animated movie (i.e., one with little status, expectations and/or built-in audience), according to Box Office Mojo.[31] With a $99.97 million total it became the highest-grossing animated feature among those released in winter, until it was surpassed by The Lego Movie in 2014.[32]

text: In the United Kingdom, Ireland, and Malta, it topped the weekend box office by earning £2.9 million ($4.7 million) on its opening. In total it has grossed $25.3 million, making the UK the only market, except North America, where it grossed more than $10 million.[33]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Winner/Nominee
Result

Annie Awards[34]
Directing in a Feature Production
Kelly Asbury
Nominated

Storyboarding in a Feature Production
Nelson Yokota
Nominated

Voice Acting in a Feature Production
Jim Cummings
Nominated

Writing in a Feature Production
Andy Riley, Kevin Cecil, Mark Burton, Kathy Greenburg, Emily Cook, Rob Sprackling, John R. Smith, Kelly Asbury, Steve Hamilton Shaw
Nominated

Critics' Choice Awards[35]
Best Song
Hello Hello, performed by Elton John and Lady Gaga/written by Elton John and Bernie Taupin
Nominated

Golden Globe Awards[36]
Best Original Song
"Hello Hello"
Nominated

Satellite Awards[37]
Original Song
"Hello Hello"
Nominated

text: Sequel[edit]

text: In March 2012, it was reported that a sequel titled Sherlock Gnomes is in development at Rocket Pictures. Andy Riley and Kevin Cecil, two of the nine writers on the first film, are writing the script for the sequel. Steve Hamilton Shaw and David Furnish are producing the film, and Elton John, an exec producer, is again composing new songs for the film. The film will feature Sherlock Gnomes, "the greatest ornamental detective" hired by the characters from the first film, who will try to solve the mystery of disappearing gnomes.[38] In September 2012, it was reported that John Stevenson, the director of Kung Fu Panda, has been set to direct the sequel.[39] In November 2015, it was announced that Johnny Depp would voice Sherlock Gnomes and that the film is scheduled for release on January 12, 2018.[40] Paramount Animation and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer will produce the film, with McAvoy and Blunt reprising their roles.[41] On May 26, 2017, Paramount delayed the film's release date to March 23, 2018.[42]


document_title: Mega Millions

question_text: where does the mega millions drawing take place

question_tokens: where does the mega millions drawing take place

text: Mega Millions

text: The 2010 expansion of Mega Millions and Powerball[edit]

text: On October 13, 2009, the Mega Millions consortium and Multi-State Lottery Association (MUSL) reached an agreement in principle to cross-sell Mega Millions and Powerball in American lottery jurisdictions, with the two groups referred to as the "Mega Power Lottery"[7] by many users. The expansion occurred on January 31, 2010, as 23 Powerball members began selling Mega Millions tickets for their first drawing on February 2, 2010; likewise, 10 Mega Millions members began selling Powerball tickets for their first drawing the next day. Montana (joining Mega Millions on March 1, 2010) was the first jurisdiction to add either game after the cross-sell expansion. Nebraska (March 20, 2010), Oregon (March 28, 2010), Arizona (April 18, 2010), Maine (May 9, 2010), Colorado and South Dakota (the latter two on May 16, 2010) also have joined Mega Millions since the expansion.

text: As of January 2016, there are 46 lotteries offering Mega Millions and Powerball; Florida joined Mega Millions in May 2013. (Puerto Rico, whose lottery began in the 1930s, currently does not offer Mega Millions).

text: Before the agreement, the only stores which sold Mega Millions and Powerball tickets were retailers whose business was on a border between jurisdictions which sold competing games.

text: The current Mega Millions format began in October 2013; the game will use a different double matrix as of October 2017. Mega Millions plays will become $2 per game upon the format change; it is unknown exactly how the "Megaplier" will be utilized.

text: Current Mega Millions members[edit]

text: Mega Millions replaced The Big Game in 2002 (see below for the evolution of the name Mega Millions).

text: Mega Millions and Powerball[edit]

text:
Lottery

Powerball

Mega Millions

Arizona

April 4, 1994

April 18, 2010

Arkansas

October 31, 2009

January 31, 2010

California

April 8, 2013

June 22, 2005

Connecticut

November 28, 1995

January 31, 2010

Colorado

August 2, 2001

May 16, 2010

Delaware

January 14, 1991

January 31, 2010

District of Columbia

February 13, 1988

January 31, 2010

Florida

January 4, 2009

May 15, 2013

Georgia

January 31, 2010

September 6, 1996

Idaho

February 1, 1990

January 31, 2010

Illinois

January 31, 2010

September 6, 1996

Indiana

October 14, 1990

January 31, 2010

Iowa

February 13, 1988

January 31, 2010

Kansas

February 13, 1988

January 31, 2010

Kentucky

January 10, 1991

January 31, 2010

Louisiana

March 5, 1995

November 16, 2011

Maine

July 30, 2004

May 9, 2010

Maryland

January 31, 2010

September 6, 1996

Massachusetts

January 31, 2010

September 6, 1996

Michigan

January 31, 2010

September 6, 1996

Minnesota

August 14, 1990

January 31, 2010

Missouri

February 13, 1988

January 31, 2010

Montana

November 9, 1989

March 1, 2010

Nebraska

July 21, 1994

March 20, 2010

New Hampshire

November 5, 1995

January 31, 2010

New Jersey

January 31, 2010

May 26, 1999

New Mexico

October 20, 1996

January 31, 2010

New York

January 31, 2010

May 17, 2002

North Carolina

May 30, 2006

January 31, 2010

North Dakota

March 25, 2004

January 31, 2010

Ohio

April 16, 2010

May 17, 2002

Oklahoma

January 12, 2006

January 31, 2010

Oregon

February 13, 1988

March 28, 2010

Pennsylvania

June 29, 2002

January 31, 2010

Puerto Rico

September 28, 2014

Not offered

Rhode Island

February 13, 1988

January 31, 2010

South Carolina

October 6, 2002

January 31, 2010

South Dakota

November 15, 1990

May 16, 2010

Tennessee

April 21, 2004

January 31, 2010

Texas

January 31, 2010

December 5, 2003

US Virgin Islands

November 14, 2010

October 4, 2010

Vermont

July 1, 2003

January 31, 2010

Virginia

January 31, 2010

September 6, 1996

Washington

January 31, 2010

September 4, 2002

West Virginia

February 13, 1988

January 31, 2010

Wisconsin

August 10, 1989

January 31, 2010

Wyoming

August 24, 2014

August 24, 2014

text: Alabama, Alaska, Hawaii, Mississippi, Nevada and Utah do not sell lottery tickets. In 2013, Wyoming became the 44th state to establish a lottery; the next year, it began, initially offering both Mega Millions and Powerball. (On August 28, 2018, a bill establishing a lottery in Mississippi was passed, and sent to its Governor for his signature.)

text: In most cases, a lottery joining Mega Millions on or after January 31, 2010 offered Powerball before the MUSL cross-sell expansion.

text: History[edit]

text: The Big Game[edit]

text: Tickets for The Big Game began to be sold in Georgia, Illinois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, and Virginia on August 31, 1996. The Big Game was the brainchild of lottery directors Rebecca Paul (of the Georgia Lottery) and Penelope W. Kyle (of the Virginia Lottery.) The Big Game initially was drawn weekly, on Friday.

text: The Georgia Lottery was a member of MUSL at the time and wanted to sell both games for the remainder of 1996; however, within a few days, Georgia was forcibly removed from MUSL, returning with the 2010 cross-selling expansion.

text: Beginning in January 1999, jackpot winners were given the option to receive their prize in cash. In May 1999, New Jersey joined The Big Game, the only jurisdiction to enter as a participant before The Big Game became Mega Millions in 2002.

text: The Big Game Mega Millions[edit]

text: Ohio and New York joined The Big Game consortium on May 15, 2002, when the game was renamed The Big Game Mega Millions, temporarily retaining the old name and the original "gold ball" logo. The "Big Money Ball" became the "Mega Ball." While the game's name was altered, the yellow ball in the new Mega Millions logo continued to read "The Big Game" until February 2003, after which it was replaced with six stars representing the original members of the consortium. The first (The Big Game) Mega Millions drawing was held two days later, on May 17. The Mega Millions trademark is owned by the Illinois Lottery. The first three lotteries to join Mega Millions were Washington (in September 2002), Texas (in 2003) and California (in 2005); California was the last addition to Mega Millions before the cross-sell expansion of 2010. Montana joined Mega Millions on March 1, 2010, the first addition to Mega Millions after the cross-sell expansion.

text: When Texas joined Mega Millions in 2003, it began offering an option, initially available only to Texas Lottery players, known as the Megaplier, which was similar to Powerball's Power Play. The 11 Mega Millions lotteries without Megaplier on the January 31, 2010 cross-selling date gradually added the multiplier option; by January 2011, all Mega Millions lotteries, except for California, offered the Megaplier. The Texas Lottery owns the trademark to Megaplier.[8]

text: On June 24, 2005, to commemorate California joining Mega Millions, that night's drawing was held in Hollywood, with Carrie Underwood assisting host Glenn Burns for the draw.

text: For the November 15, 2005 drawing, a group called "The Lucky 7" held the only jackpot-winning ticket, purchased in Anaheim, California, winning $315 million. They chose the cash option, splitting $175 million before federal withholdings.[9] This remains the largest prize won by a single Mega Millions ticket.

text: On March 6, 2007, the Mega Millions jackpot reached $390 million,[10] which is the record for the third largest jackpot in U.S. history. The jackpot was shared by two tickets, both matching the numbers of 16-22-29-39-42 and Mega Ball 20. Both winners chose the cash option, with each share $116,557,083 before withholdings.[11]

text: 2010 cross-sell expansion[edit]

text: The New Jersey Lottery, among others, in early 2009 announced it would seek permission to sell Powerball tickets alongside Mega Millions. In October 2009, an agreement between Mega Millions and MUSL allowed all U.S. lotteries, including New Jersey's, to offer both games. On January 31, 2010, Mega Millions expanded to include the 23 MUSL members; as of that date, 35 jurisdictions were participating in Mega Millions. On the same day, 10 existing Mega Millions-participating lotteries began selling Powerball tickets. Ohio joined Powerball on April 16, 2010. On March 1, 2010, Montana became the first MUSL member to add Mega Millions after the cross-sell expansion. Nebraska became the 37th Mega Millions participating member on March 20, 2010, followed by Oregon as the 38th member on March 28, Arizona as the 39th member on April 18, and Maine as 40th Mega Millions participant on May 9, 2010. Colorado and South Dakota added Mega Millions on May 16, 2010, bringing the total to 42 jurisdictions.

text: The most recent additions to Mega Millions were the U.S. Virgin Islands, in October 2010, and Louisiana in November 2011. Florida joined Mega Millions on May 15, 2013; the first drawing to include Florida-bought tickets was two days later.

text: Presumably due to their experience with the Power Play option for Powerball, all 23 lotteries joining Mega Millions on January 31, 2010 immediately offered Megaplier to their players. The Megaplier continues to be drawn by Texas Lottery computers, as California does not offer the multiplier. Montana, offering Powerball before the expansion date, became the 24th lottery to offer the Megaplier, followed by Nebraska (the 25th), Oregon (the 26th), Arizona (as the 27th) and Maine (as the 28th lottery to offer the Megaplier option). After Colorado and South Dakota joined Mega Millions, this raised the number of lotteries offering the Megaplier to 37.

text: Mega Millions tickets bought with the Megaplier option, beginning September 12, 2010, automatically won $1 million (instead of $250,000) if the five white balls – but excluding the Mega Ball – are matched.

text: On March 13, 2010, New Jersey became the first Mega Millions participant (just before the cross-sell expansion) to produce a jackpot-winning ticket for Powerball after joining that game. The ticket was worth over $211 million annuity (the cash option was chosen). On May 28, 2010, North Carolina became the first Powerball member (just before the cross-selling expansion) to produce a jackpot-winning Mega Millions ticket after joining Mega Millions, with an annuity jackpot of $12 million.

text: In January 2012, Mega Millions' rival Powerball was altered; among the changes were a price increase of $1 for each play, as a result, a base game costs $2, or $3 with the Power Play option. At the time, there were no plans to change the price of a Mega Millions play, with or without the Megaplier (see below for the 2017 format change that includes the base price for a Mega Millions play to be raised to $2.) The price increase for playing Powerball was a major factor in Louisiana deciding to pursue joining Mega Millions, as that state's lottery joined Mega Millions on November 16, 2011.

text: October 2013 format change[edit]

text: The final 5/56 + 1/46 Mega Millions drawing was held on October 18, 2013; that night's jackpot of $37 million was not won. The first drawing under the revised 5/75 + 1/15 format—which saw the jackpot estimate "leap" to $55 million due to the change in the annuity structure—occurred on October 22, 2013. The minimum jackpot was then $15 million, with rollovers of at least $5 million. Second prize (5+0) became $1 million cash. In the revised format, players chose 5 of 75 white ball numbers, and the "Gold Ball" number out of 15.

text: The Megaplier option remained; the 5x multiplier was added.

text: Lower prize tiers (through October 18, 2013) based on a $1 play:

text:
Match 5+0: $250,000
Match 4+MB: $10,000
Match 4+0: $150
Match 3+MB: $150
Match 3+0: $7
Match 2+MB: $10
Match 1+MB: $3
Match 0+MB: $2

text: Payouts in California remained pari-mutuel.

text: The odds of winning or sharing a Mega Millions jackpot (October 19, 2013-October 27, 2017): 1 in about 258.9 million. The overall odds of winning a prize were 1 in 14.71, including the base $1 prize for a "Mega Ball"-only match.

text: Prizes and odds (2013-2017 version) based on a $1 play:

text:
5 numbers plus the Mega Ball (5+1): Jackpot; 1 in 258,890,850
5 numbers but not the Mega Ball (5+0): $1,000,000; $ 1 in 17,259,390
4+1: $5,000; 1 in 739,688
4+0: $500; 1 in 52,835
3+1: $50; 1 in 10,720
3+0: $5; 1 in 766
2+1: $5; 1 in 473
1+1: $2; 1 in 56
Mega Ball only: $1; 1 in 21[citation needed]

text: The odds for winning the $1 prize, 1 in 21, reflected the possibility of matching at least one of the white balls, as well as the Mega Ball.

text: The annuity—which was 20 annual payments (no cash option was available) when The Big Game began—changed from 26 equal yearly installments to 30 graduated annual payments (increasing 5 percent yearly) with the format change on October 19, 2013.

text: October 2017 format/price point change[edit]

text: On October 28, 2017, the price of a Mega Millions play doubled, to $2; the first drawing under the current price point was October 31, 2017. The Mega Millions double matrix changed, from 5/75 + 1/15 to the current 5/70 + 1/25.[12] The starting jackpot became $40 million, with minimum rollovers of $5 million. The "Megaplier" option (which again is not offered in California) was retained, with an adjustment to its multipliers. (The final jackpot for the $1 version was $30 million, which was not won; the initial jackpot for the new version would still be $40 million with a jackpot hit.)

text: Mega Millions' non-California prize tiers effective October 28, 2017 (old prizes in parentheses; changed amounts in boldface) for a $2 base play:

text:
5+MB: Jackpot; starting jackpot raised to $40 million (annuity value)
5+0: $1,000,000 ($1,000,000)
4+MB: $10,000 ($5,000)
4+0: $500 ($500)
3+MB: $200 ($50)
3+0: $10 ($5)
2+MB: $10 ($5)
1+MB: $4 ($2)
0+MB: $2 ($1)

text: The new prize structure allocates roughly 75 percent of the prize pool for the jackpot; this is, in part, to facilitate the new Just the Jackpot option. The 2013-2017 version allocated about 68 percent towards the jackpot.

text: "Just the Jackpot" option[edit]

text: Each of the 46 Mega Millions participants, in preparation for the October 28, 2017 format change, was given the choice of offering a $3, two-game play (called "Just the Jackpot"). A player choosing this option is not eligible for any of the eight lower-tier prizes; therefore, the Megaplier option is not available for Just the Jackpot wagers.

text: These lotteries offered the "Just the Jackpot" option upon the format change: Georgia, Hoosier Lottery, Kansas, Massachusetts, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, South Dakota, Texas, Virginia, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Kentucky has since added "Just the Jackpot", with other lotteries potentially adding it. Not known is whether a second series of playslips would be printed for lotteries offering "Just the Jackpot" beginning after the October 28, 2017 format change.

text: "Just the Jackpot" wagers and regular Mega Millions plays are printed on separate tickets. Most Just the Jackpot wagers are terminal-generated; however, JtJ wagers in Kansas and Texas allow the player to choose their numbers, while Wisconsin players must ask for a terminal-generated ticket.

text: As of July 2018, there has yet to be a jackpot winner from a Just the Jackpot wager; there also is no known count of JtJ wagers that would have won second prize (5+0) with a traditional Mega Millions play.

text: Record jackpots[edit]

text: The largest Mega Millions jackpot, advertised as $640 million at the time of the drawing (annuitized) or $462 million (cash value), was drawn on March 30, 2012. The initial estimate for that drawing (following the March 27 drawing, which was $363 million annuity) was $476 million (later increased to $500 million and again to $540 million); brisk ticket sales pushed the jackpot values, both annuitized (to $656 million) and the cash option ($474 million) higher. The amount spent on Mega Millions for drawings following its previous jackpot win, on January 24, 2012, was at least $1.5 billion.[13] three jackpot-winning tickets had been confirmed (Illinois, Kansas, and Maryland).[14]

text:
Mega Millions' second-largest jackpot, $648 million, was for the December 17, 2013 drawing. Two winning tickets, one each from California and Georgia, were sold. The holder of the Georgia ticket claimed the next morning; they selected the cash option, which amounted to $173,819,742.50 before withholdings. The holder of the California ticket claimed on January 3, 2014. (The California ticket holder received an equal share, but potentially a larger cash-option amount, as California lottery winnings are exempt from state income tax)."[3][4][5][15]
[16]

text: Mega Millions' third-largest jackpot, $540 million, was for the July 8, 2016 drawing. One ticket from Indiana won the jackpot; the winner chose the cash option.[17]

text: Mega Millions' fourth-largest jackpot, $533 million, was for the March 30, 2018 drawing. One ticket from New Jersey won the jackpot; Riverdale Lukoil South Gas Station sold the winning ticket. [18]

text: Mega Millions' fifth-largest jackpot, $414 million, was for the March 18, 2014 drawing. Two tickets, one each from Florida and Maryland, split the prize; both sets of winners chose the cash option, splitting $230.9 million (as noted below, interest rates change, resulting in different ratios between the cash values and annuity values of jackpots).

text: Mega Millions' sixth-largest jackpot annuity value ($390 million) was for the March 6, 2007 drawing. Two tickets, one each from Georgia and New Jersey, won $195 million (annuity value) each. The holders of each ticket also chose the cash option.

text: Versions of (The Big Game) Mega Millions[edit]

text: Versions of The Big Game and Mega Millions have used different matrices:

text:
Start Date

5 white balls out of

Mega Balls

Jackpot odds

September 6, 1996

50

25

1:52,969,000

January 13, 1999

50

36

1:76,275,360

May 15, 2002

52

52

1:135,145,920

June 22, 2005

56

46

1:175,711,536

October 19, 2013

75

15

1:258,890,850

October 28, 2017 (current)

70

25

1:302,575,350

text: Megaplier[edit]

text: Mega Millions players have the option to activate a multiplier, called Megaplier, in 45 of its 46 jurisdictions; it is functionally similar to Powerball's Power Play; except the latter cannot multiply second prize by 5. (Neither Megaplier nor Power Play are offered in California because its state penal code distinguishes between a "lottery" in which the bank cannot be "broken", and a "banked game" whose bank theoretically could be broken; only a "lottery" was authorized by the state Lottery Act.) By adding $1 to a basic Mega Millions game, to $3, a player has an opportunity to multiply any non-jackpot prize by 2, 3, 4, or 5. The Megaplier is drawn by the Texas Lottery (before the cross-sell expansion on January 31, 2010, it was the only lottery to offer Megaplier), which is drawn by a random number generator (RNG). The odds for each Megaplier possibility are not uniform.[19]

text:
Megaplier

Former odds (October 19, 2013 – October 27, 2017)

Current odds

2x

1:7.5

1:3

3x

1:3.75

1:2.5

4x

1:5

1:5

5x

1:2.5

1:15

text: Megaplier wagers made for drawings from September 12, 2010 through October 18, 2013 that won second prize (then $250,000) were automatically elevated to 4x, winning $1 million. This "guarantee" did not carry over to the following version of Mega Millions, although the $1 million second prize became $5 million if the Megaplier is 5x.

text: Winning and probability[edit]

text: Former Mega Millions odds (October 19, 2013 – October 27, 2017):[20]

text:
Matches[21]

Prize

Approximate probability of winning

White balls (pool of 75)

Mega Ball (pool of 15)

5

1

Jackpot[22]

1 in 258,890,850

5

0

$1 million

1 in 18,492,204

4

1

$5,000

1 in 739,688

4

0

$500

1 in 52,835

3

1

$50

1 in 10,720

3

0

$5

1 in 766

2

1

$5

1 in 473

1

1

$2

1 in 56

0

1

$1

1 in 21

text: The probability and odds can be taken into a mathematical perspective: The probability of winning the jackpot (through October 27, 2017) was 1:(75C5) x (15); that is: 75 ways for the first white ball times 74 ways for the second times 73 for the third times 72 for the fourth times 71 for the last white ball divided by 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1, or 5!, and this number is then multiplied by 15 (15 possible numbers for the "Megaball"). Therefore, (75 x 74 x 73 x 72 x 71)/ (5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1) x 15 = 258,890,850, which means any combination of five white balls plus the Megaball has a 1:258,890,850 chance of winning the jackpot. Similarly, the odds for second prize are 1:(75C5) x (15/14) = 1: 18,492,204 chance of winning. The overall probability of winning any prize was 1 in 14.7. If there are no jackpot winners for a specific drawing, the jackpot will keep increasing, however, the odds will still remain the same.

text: Payouts through October 18, 2013:

text:
Matches[21]

Prize

Approximate probability of winning

White balls (pool of 56)

Mega Ball (pool of 46)

5

1

Jackpot[22]

1 in 175,711,536 (56C5×46)[23][24]

5

0

$250,000

1 in 3,904,701 (56C5×46/45)[25]

4

1

$10,000

1 in 689,065 [26]

4

0

$150

1 in 15,313[27]

3

1

$150

1 in 13,781[28]

2

1

$10

1 in 844[29]

3

0

$7

1 in 306[30]

1

1

$3

1 in 141[31]

0

1

$2

1 in 74.8 (the probability for this prize was not 1:46, because there is the possibility of matching at least one of the "white" balls, which decreases the likelihood of matching only the "Mega Ball")[20]

text: Overall probabilities: 1 in 755 of winning any of the top six prizes,[20] 1 in 40 of winning any prize.[32]

text: In California, prize levels are paid on a parimutuel basis, rather than the fixed lower-tier amounts for winners in other Mega Millions jurisdictions. California's eight lower-tier Mega Millions prize pools are separate from those shared by the other 45 lotteries. California's second prize is a "secondary jackpot"; its payout sometimes exceeds $1 million cash, even though California does not offer the Megaplier.[33]

text: Payment options and claiming prizes[edit]

text:
In Georgia, New Jersey, and Texas, players must choose, in advance, whether they wish to collect a jackpot prize in cash or annuity. Georgia and New Jersey winners can change an annuity ticket to cash should they be eligible for a jackpot share; however, the choice is binding in Texas.
The other Mega Millions members allow the cash/annuity choice to be made after winning (usually 60 days after claiming the ticket), although in Florida the 60-day "clock" starts with the drawing in which the jackpot prize was won.

text: If a jackpot prize is not claimed within the respective jurisdiction's time limit, each of the 46 Mega Millions members get back the money they contributed to that jackpot. Each of the 46 lotteries have rules in regards to unclaimed prizes; most Mega Millions members set aside unclaimed winnings for educational purposes.[34][35]

text: In 2007, a $31 million prize went unclaimed in New York.[36] Many prizes of $250,000 each have been unclaimed, including several in Michigan for 2007 drawings.[37]

text: Mega Millions winners have either 180 days (California non-jackpot prizes only) or one year to claim prizes, including the jackpot (although some Mega Millions winners lose the right to collect a jackpot in cash if they wait more than 60 days after the drawing).

text: The minimum age to purchase a Mega Millions ticket is 18, except in Arizona, Iowa and Louisiana, where the minimum is 21, and in Nebraska; its minimum is 19. Generally (an exception is Virginia), minors can win on tickets received as gifts; the rules according to each Mega Millions member vary for minors receiving prizes.

text: Rules vary according to the applicable laws and regulations in the jurisdiction where the ticket is sold, and the winner's residence (e.g. if a New Jerseyan wins on a ticket bought near their workplace in Manhattan). Mega Millions winnings are exempt from state income tax in California; while Florida, New Hampshire, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Washington state, and Wyoming do not have an income tax. On the other hand, some residents of New York City and Yonkers, New York pay three levels of income tax, as these cities levy income taxes.

text: Drawings[edit]

text: Drawings are usually held at the studios of WSB-TV in Atlanta, Georgia.[1][38] The original host was WSB's chief meteorologist, Glenn Burns. Currently, most drawings are emceed by the full-time host of Georgia Lottery drawings, John Crow, with Brian Hooker the main substitute host. For larger jackpots, the drawing sometimes is moved to Times Square, with New York Lottery announcer Yolanda Vega co-hosting.

text: Before the January 31, 2010 cross-sell expansion, Mega Millions was the only multi-jurisdictional lottery whose drawings were carried nationally, instead of airing only on stations in participating jurisdictions. Chicago-based cable superstation WGN-TV simulcast Mega Millions drawings on its national WGN America feed immediately following WGN's 9pm (Central Time) newscast. Following the cross-sell expansion, WGN also began airing Powerball drawings nationally. WGN served as a default carrier of both major games where no local television station carried either multi-jurisdictional lottery's drawings. Both drawings were removed from WGN America in late 2014 when it ceased carrying WGN's newscasts.[39]

text: Two machines are used in each Mega Millions drawing. The model used for Mega Millions is the Criterion II, manufactured by Smartplay International of Edgewater Park, New Jersey. The balls are moved around by means of counter-rotating arms which randomly mix the balls. Individually, the five white balls, several seconds apart, drop through a hole in the bottom of the mixing drum.

text: Record jackpots (listed by cash value)[edit]

text:
Cash value (in millions USD)

Annuity value (in millions USD)

Drawing date

Winner(s)

Description

$474

$656

March 30, 2012

3 (MD, KS, IL)

World's second largest jackpot (cash or annuity)

$347.7[15]

$648[5]

December 17, 2013

2 (CA, GA)

Second-largest annuity value

$240

$380

January 4, 2011

2 (ID, WA)

$233

$390

March 6, 2007

2 (GA, NJ)

$224

$400

March 18, 2014

2 (FL, MD)

$210

$336

August 28, 2009

2 (CA, NY)

NY winner chose annuity (the cash/annuity choice made "when playing" required per then-NY Lottery rules)

$208.3

$330

August 31, 2007

4 (NJ, MD, TX, VA)

$197.5

$326

November 4, 2014

1 (NY)

Sold in Middletown, Orange County [40]

$202.9

$319

March 25, 2011

1 (Albany, NY)

$180

$363

May 9, 2000

2 (IL, MI)

Largest The Big Game jackpot

text: Revenue[edit]

text: Approximately 50% of Mega Millions sales is returned to players as prizes; the remainder is split (each lottery has different rules regarding these funds) among retailers, marketing, and operations, as well as the 46 jurisdictions offering the game; different lotteries uses the proceeds in different ways.[41]

text: Miscellany[edit]

text: In the aftermath of the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, the legislature in Albany, fearing a monumental loss of revenue, passed legislation the following month, which was signed by Governor George Pataki, which included joining a multi-jurisdictional lottery game. Around the same time, for entirely different reasons, Ohio's governor also gave the green light to joining a multi-jurisdictional game. Both lotteries opted to join The Big Game, which, at the time, was offered in seven states. The added populations of the two new jurisdictions, in turn, led to a larger double matrix. The first machine continued to hold white 52 balls, while 16 gold balls were added in the second, meaning there were 52 numbers to pick from in both parts of each $1 game. On May 15, 2002, the game was renamed The Big Game Mega Millions; shortly after, it became just Mega Millions. Except for the 2010 cross-selling expansion, this was the only time The Big Game or Mega Millions simultaneously added more than one member.

text: In 2005, Mega Millions was the target of a mailing scam. A letter bearing the Mega Millions logo was used in a string of lottery scams designed to trick people into providing personal financial information by cashing bogus checks. The letter, which had been sent to people in several states via standard mail, included a check for what the scammers said was an unclaimed Mega Millions prize. If the check was cashed, it bounced, but not before the bank stamped it with a routing number and personal account information and sent it back to the fraudulent organization, providing them with the recipients' financial information.[42]

text: A budget impasse due to the 2006 New Jersey Government shutdown led to the temporary closing of its non-essential agencies on July 1, 2006. Among the casualties were the Atlantic City casinos and the New Jersey Lottery. Not only were New Jersey's in-house games (such as Pick-6) not drawn for about a week, but all New Jersey lottery terminals were shut down, meaning Mega Millions could not be played in New Jersey, even though Mega Millions was drawn as usual. A similar shutdown happened in Minnesota on July 1, 2011.

text: Elecia Battle made national headlines in January 2004 when she claimed that she had lost the winning ticket in the December 30, 2003 Mega Millions drawing.[43] She then filed a lawsuit against the woman who had come forward with the ticket, Rebecca Jemison. Several days later, when confronted with contradictory evidence, she admitted that she had lied.[44] Battle was charged with filing a false police report the following day. As a result of this false report, she was fined $1,000, ordered to perform 50 hours of community service, and required to compensate the police and courts for various costs incurred.[45]

text: The January 4, 2011 Mega Millions drawing drew attention for its similarity to "The Numbers," a sequence of six numbers that served as a plot device of the ABC drama series Lost. One such usage involved character Hugo "Hurley" Reyes playing the sequence in a similar "Mega Lotto" game, winning a nine-figure jackpot and subsequently experiencing numerous misfortunes in his personal life. The first three numbers (4, 8, 15) and mega ball (42) in the Mega Millions drawing matched the first three numbers and the final number (which Hurley also used as the "mega ball" number) in the Lost sequence. The last two numbers in the Mega Millions drawing did not match the last two numbers that were used in the scene. Those who played "The Numbers", including from quick-picks, won $150 ($118 in California) in a non-Megaplier game; $600 with the multiplier.[46]

text: The 12 original (before the 2010 cross-sell expansion) Mega Millions members have each produced at least one Mega Millions jackpot winner.