document_title: President of India

question_text: who can removed by the president without parliament resolution

question_tokens: who can removed by the president without parliament resolution

root

text: President of India

text: Origin

text: India achieved independence from the British on 15 August 1947, initially as a Dominion within the Commonwealth of Nations with George VI as king, represented in the country by a governor-general.[3] Still, following this, the Constituent Assembly of India, under the leadership of Dr.B.R.Ambedkar, undertook the process of drafting a completely new constitution for the country. The Constitution of India was eventually enacted on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950,[4]:26 making India a republic.[5]:9 The offices of monarch and governor-general were replaced by the new office of President of India, with Rajendra Prasad as the first incumbent.[5]:1

text: The constitution of the Republic of India (Articles 53, 74(2), 79 & 111) gave the President the responsibility and authority to defend and protect the constitution of India and its rule of law.[6] Invariably, any action taken by the executive or legislature entities of the constitution shall become law only after President's assent. The president shall not accept any actions of the executive or legislature which are unconstitutional. The president is the foremost, most empowered and prompt defender of the constitution (Article 60), who has pre-emptive power for ensuring constitutionality in the actions of the executive or legislature. The role of the judiciary in upholding the constitution of India is the second line of defence in nullifying any unconstitutional actions of the executive and legislative entities of the Indian Union.

text: Powers and duties

text: Duty

text: The primary duty of the President is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India as made part of his oath (Article 60 of Indian constitution).[6] The President is the common head of all independent constitutional entities. All his actions, recommendations (Article 3, Article 111, Article 274, etc.) and supervisory powers (Article 74(2), Article 78 c, Article 108, Article 111, etc.) over the executive and legislative entities of India shall be used in accordance to uphold the constitution.[7] There is no bar on the actions of the President to contest in the court of law.[8][9]

text: Legislative powers

text: Legislative power is constitutionally vested by the Parliament of India of which the President is the head, to facilitate the law making process per the constitution (Article 78, Article 86, etc.). The President of the Republic summons both the Houses (The House of the People and 'The Council of States') of the Parliament and prorogues them. He can dissolve the Lok Sabha.[4]:147

text: The President inaugurates Parliament by addressing it after the general elections and also at the beginning of the first session every year per Article 87(1). The Presidential address on these occasions is generally meant to outline the new policies of the government.[10]:145

text: All bills passed by the Parliament can become laws only after receiving the assent of the President per Article 111. After a bill is presented to him, the President shall declare either that he assents to the Bill, or that he withholds his assent from it. As a third option, he can return a bill to Parliament, if it is not a money bill, for reconsideration. President may be of view that a particular bill passed under the legislative powers of parliament is violating the constitution, he can send back the bill with his recommendation to pass the bill under the constituent powers of parliament following the Article 368 procedure. When, after reconsideration, the bill is passed accordingly and presented to the President, with or without amendments, the President cannot withhold his assent from it. The President can also withhold his assent to a bill when it is initially presented to him (rather than return it to Parliament) thereby exercising a pocket veto on the advice of prime minister or council of ministers per Article 74 if it is inconsistent to the constitution.[9] Article 143 gave power to the president to consult the Supreme Court about the constitutional validity of any issue. The President shall assent to constitutional amendment bills without power to withhold the bills per Article 368 (2).

text: When either of the two Houses of the Parliament of India is not in session, and if the government feels the need for an immediate procedure, the President can promulgate ordinances which have the same force and effect as an act passed by Parliament under its legislative powers. These are in the nature of interim or temporary legislation and their continuance is subject to parliamentary approval. Ordinances remain valid for no more than six weeks from the date the Parliament is convened unless approved by it earlier.[11] Under Article 123, the President as the upholder of the constitution shall be satisfied that immediate action is mandatory as advised by the union cabinet and he is confident that the government commands majority support in the Parliament needed for the passing of the ordinance into an act and Parliament can be summoned to deliberate on the passing of the ordinance as soon as possible. The promulgated ordinance is treated as an act of Parliament when in force and it is the responsibility of the President to withdraw the ordinance as soon as the reasons for promulgation of the ordinance are no longer applicable. Bringing laws in the form of ordinances has become a routine matter by the government and President, but the provisions made in Article 123 are meant for mitigating unusual circumstances where immediate action is inevitable when the extant provisions of law are inadequate. Re-promulgation of an ordinance after failing to get approval within the stipulated time of both houses of parliament is an unconstitutional act by the President.[12] The President should not incorporate any matter in an ordinance which violates the constitution or requires amendment to the constitution. The President should take moral responsibility when an ordinance elapses automatically or is not approved by the Parliament or violates the constitution.[13]

text: Executive powers

text: Per Article 53, the executive power of the country is vested in the President and is exercised by President either directly or through officers subordinate to him in accordance with the Constitution. When parliament thinks fit it may accord additional executive powers to the president per Article 70 which may be further delegated by the president to the governors of states per Article 160. Union cabinet with Prime Minister as its head, should aid and advice the President in performing his functions. Per Article 74 (2), the council of ministers or Prime Minister are not accountable legally to the advice tendered to the President but it is the sole responsibility of the President to ensure compliance with the constitution in performing his duties. President or his subordinate officers is bound by the provisions of the constitution notwithstanding any advice by union cabinet.[14]

text: Per Article 142, it is the duty of President to enforce the decrees of Supreme Court.

text: Judicial powers

text: The primary duty of the President is to preserve, protect and defend the constitution and the law of India per Article 60. The President appoints the Chief Justice of the Union Judiciary and other judges on the advice of the Chief Justice. He dismisses the judges if and only if the two Houses of the Parliament pass resolutions to that effect by a two-thirds majority of the members present.[15]

text: Attorney General for India who is the Indian government's chief legal advisor, is appointed by the President of India under Article 76(1) and holds office during the pleasure of the President. If the President considers a question of law or a matter of public importance has arisen, he can also ask for the advisory opinion of the Supreme Court per Article 143. Per Article 88, President can ask the Attorney General to attend the parliamentary proceedings and report to him any unlawful functioning if any.[16]

text: Appointment powers

text: The President appoints, as Prime Minister, the person most likely to command the support of the majority in the Lok Sabha (usually the leader of the majority party or coalition). The President then appoints the other members of the Council of Ministers, distributing portfolios to them on the advice of the Prime Minister.[17]:72 The Council of Ministers remains in power at the 'pleasure' of the President.

text: The President appoints 12 members of the Rajya Sabha from amongst persons who have special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as literature, science, art and social service. President may nominate not more than two members of Anglo Indian community as Lok Sabha members per Article 331

text: Governors of States are also appointed by the President who shall work at the pleasure of the President. Per Article 156, President is empowered to dismiss a governor who has violated the constitution in his acts.

text: The President is responsible for making a wide variety of appointments. These include:[17]:72

text:
The Chief Justice, other judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts of India
The Chief Minister of the National capital territory of Delhi (Article 239 AA 5 of the constitution)
The Comptroller and Auditor General
The Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners
The Chairman and other Members of the Union Public Service Commission
The Attorney General
Vice-Chancellor of the central university and academic staff of the central university through his nominee
Ambassadors and High Commissioners to other countries (only through the list of names given by the Prime Minister)[18][19]:48
Officers of the All India Services (IAS, IPS and IFoS), and other Central Civil Services in Group 'A'.

tag: ul

text: Financial powers

text:
A money bill can be introduced in the Parliament only with the President’s recommendation.
The President lays the Annual Financial Statement, i.e. the Union budget, before the Parliament.
The President can take advances out of the Contingency Fund of India to meet unforeseen expenses.
The President constitutes a Finance commission after every five years to recommend the distribution of the taxes between the centre and the States.[20][21]:48

text: Diplomatic powers

text: All international treaties and agreements are negotiated and concluded on behalf of the President.[22]:18 However, in practice, such negotiations are usually carried out by the Prime Minister along with his Cabinet (especially the Foreign Minister). Also, such treaties are subject to the approval of the Parliament. The President represents India in international forums and affairs where such a function is chiefly ceremonial. The President may also send and receive diplomats, i.e. the officers from the Indian Foreign Service.[10]:143 The President is the first citizen of the country.[18]

text: Military powers

text: The President is the Supreme Commander of the Indian Armed Forces. The President can declare war or conclude peace,[18] on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister. All important treaties and contracts are made in the President's name.[23] He also appoints the chiefs of the service branches of the armed forces.

text: Pardoning powers

text: As mentioned in Article 72 of the Indian Constitution, the President is empowered with the powers to grant pardons in the following situations:[18]

text:
Punishment is for an offence against Union Law
Punishment is by a Military Court
Sentence is that of death[23]

text: The decisions involving pardoning and other rights by the President are independent of the opinion of the Prime Minister or the Lok Sabha majority. In most cases, however, the President exercises his executive powers on the advice of the Prime Minister and the cabinet.[17]:239[24]

text: Emergency powers

text: The President can declare three types of emergencies: national, state and financial, under articles 352, 356 & 360 in addition to promulgating ordinances under article 123.[22]:12

text: National emergency

text: A national emergency can be declared in the whole of India or a part of its territory for causes of war or armed rebellion or an external aggression. Such an emergency was declared in India in 1962 (Indo-China war), 1971 (Indo-Pakistan war),[25] and 1975 to 1977 (declared by Indira Gandhi).[see main]

text: Under Article 352 of the India Constitution, the President can declare such an emergency only on the basis of a written request by the cabinet of ministers headed by the Prime Minister. Such a proclamation must be approved by the Parliament with two thirds majority within one month. Such an emergency can be imposed for six months. It can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary approval-there is no maximum duration.[22][page needed]

text: In such an emergency, Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended.[4]:33 The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended. However, the Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended (Article 21).[26]:20.6

text: The President can make laws on the 66 subjects of the State List (which contains subjects on which the state governments can make laws).[27] Also, all money bills are referred to the President for approval.[21]:88 The term of the Lok Sabha can be extended by a period of up to one year, but not so as to extend the term of Parliament beyond six months after the end of the declared emergency.[17]:223

text: National Emergency has been proclaimed 3 times in India till date. It was declared first in 1962 by President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, during the Sino-Indian War. This emergency lasted through the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 and up to 1968. It was revoked in 1968. The second emergency in India was proclaimed in 1971 by President V. V. Giri on the eve of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971. The first two emergencies were in the face of external aggression and War. They were hence external emergencies. Even as the second emergency was in progress, another internal emergency was proclaimed by President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, with Indira Gandhi as Prime Minister in 1975. In 1977, the second and the third emergencies were together revoked.

text: State emergency

text: If the President is fully satisfied, on the basis of the report of the Governor of the concerned state or from other sources that the governance in a state cannot be carried out according to the provisions in the Constitution, he can proclaim under Article 356 a state of emergency in the state.[6] Such an emergency must be approved by the Parliament within a period of 2 months.

text: Under Article 356 of the Indian Constitution, it can be imposed from six months to a maximum period of three years with repeated parliamentary approval every six months. If the emergency needs to be extended for more than three years, this can be achieved by a constitutional amendment, as has happened in Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir.

text: During such an emergency, the President can take over the entire work of the executive, and the Governor administers the state in the name of the President. The Legislative Assembly can be dissolved or may remain in suspended animation. The Parliament makes laws on the 66 subjects of the state list[28] (see National emergency for explanation).

text: A State Emergency can be imposed via the following:

text:
By Article 356 – If that state failed to run constitutionally, i.e. constitutional machinery has failed. When a state emergency is imposed under this provision, the state is said to be under "President's rule.[29]:159
By Article 365 – If that state is not working according to the direction of the Union Government issued per the provisions of the constitution.[30]

tag: ol

text: This type of emergency needs the approval of the parliament within 2 months. It can last up to a maximum of three years via extensions after each 6-month period. However, after one year it can be extended only if

text:
A state of National Emergency has been declared in the country or in the particular state.
The Election Commission finds it difficult to organise an election in that state.

text: The Sarkaria Commission held that presidents have unconstitutionally misused the provision of Article 356 many times for achieving political motives, by dismissing the state governments although there was no constitutional break down in the states.[31] During 2005, President's rule was imposed in Bihar state, misusing Article 356 unconstitutionally to prevent the democratically elected state legislators to form a government after the state elections.

text: There is no provision in the constitution to re-promulgate president's rule in a state when the earlier promulgation ceased to operate for want of parliaments approval within two months duration. During 2014 in Andhra Pradesh, president's rule was first imposed on 1 March 2014 and it ceased to operate on 30 April 2014. President's rule was promulgated after being fully aware that the earliest parliament session is feasible in the end of May 2014 after the general elections. It was reimposed again unconstitutionally on 28 April 2014 by the president.[32][33]

text: Financial emergency

text: Article 282 accords financial autonomy in spending the financial resources available with the states for public purpose.[6][34] Article 293 gives liberty to states to borrow without any limit to its ability for its requirements within the territory of India without any consent from the union government. However union government can insist for compliance of its loan terms when a state has outstanding loan charged to the consolidated fund of India or an outstanding loan in respect of which a guarantee has been given by the Government of India under the liability of consolidated fund of India.[35]

text: Under article 360 of the constitution, President can proclaim a financial emergency when the financial stability or credit of the nation or of any part of its territory is threatened.[6] However, until now no guidelines defining the situation of financial emergency in the entire country or a state or a union territory or a panchayat or a municipality or a corporation have been framed either by the finance commission or by the central government.

text: Such an emergency must be approved by the Parliament within two months by simple majority. It has never been declared.[36]:604 A state of financial emergency remains in force indefinitely until revoked by the President.[17]:195

text: The President can reduce the salaries of all government officials, including judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts, in cases of a financial emergency. All money bills passed by the State legislatures are submitted to the President for approval. He can direct the state to observe certain principles (economy measures) relating to financial matters.[37]

text: Selection process

text: Eligibility

text: Article 58 of the Constitution sets the principle qualifications one must meet to be eligible to the office of the President. A President must be:

text:
a citizen of India
of 35 years of age or above
qualified to become a member of the Lok Sabha

text: A person shall not be eligible for election as President if he holds any office of profit under the Government of India or the Government of any State or under any local or other authority subject to the control of any of the said Governments.

text: Certain office-holders, however, are permitted to stand as Presidential candidates. These are:

text:
The current Vice-President
The Governor of any state
A Minister of the Union or of any state (including Prime Minister and Chief Ministers)[17]:72

text: In the event that the Vice-President, a State Governor or a Minister is elected President, they are considered to have vacated their previous office on the date they begin serving as President.

text: A member of Parliament or of a State Legislature can seek election to the office of the President but if he is elected as President, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in Parliament or State Legislature on the date on which he enters upon his office as President [Article 59(1)].

text: Article 57 provides that a person who holds, or who has held, office as President shall, subject to the other provisions of this Constitution, be eligible for re-election to that office.

text: Under The Presidential and Vice-Presidential Elections Act, 1952,[38] a candidate to be nominated for the office of president needs 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders for his name to appear on the ballot.[39]

text: Time of election

text: Article 56(1) of the Constitution provides that the President shall hold office for a term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. According to Article 62, an election to fill a vacancy caused by the expiration of the term of office of President shall be completed before the expiration of the term. An election to fill a vacancy in the office of President occurring by reason of his death, resignation or removal, or otherwise shall be held as soon as possible after, and in no case later than six months from, the date of occurrence of the vacancy; and the person elected to fill the vacancy shall, subject to the provisions of Article 56, be entitled to hold office for the full term of five years from the date on which he enters upon his office. To meet the contingency of an election to the office of President not being completed in time due to unforeseen circumstances like countermanding of election due to death of a candidate or on account of postponement of the poll for any valid reason, Article 56(1)(c) provides that the President shall, notwithstanding the expiration of his term, continue to hold office until his successor enters upon his office.

text: Conditions for the Presidency

text: Certain conditions, per Article 59 of the Constitution, debar an otherwise eligible citizen from contesting the presidential elections. The conditions are:

text:
The President shall not be a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any State, and if a member of either House of Parliament or of a House of the Legislature of any State be elected President, he shall be deemed to have vacated his seat in that House on the date on which he enters upon his office as President.
The President shall not hold any other office of profit.
The President shall be entitled without payment of rent to the use of his official residences and shall be also entitled to such emoluments, allowances and privileges as may be determined by Parliament by law and until provision in that behalf is so made, such emoluments, allowances and privileges as are specified in the Second Schedule.
The emoluments and allowances of the President shall not be diminished during his term of office.[36]:170

text: Election process

text: Whenever the office becomes vacant, the new President is chosen by an electoral college consisting of the elected members of both houses of Parliament (M.P.s), the elected members of the State Legislative Assemblies (Vidhan Sabha) of all States and the elected members of the legislative assemblies (M.L.A.s) of two Union Territories (i.e., National Capital Territory (NCT) of Delhi and Union Territory of Puducherry). The election process of President is more extensive process than Prime Minister who is also elected indirectly (not elected by people directly) by the Lok Sabha members only. Whereas President being constitutional head with duties to protect, defend and preserve the constitution and rule of law in a constitutional democracy with constitutional supremacy, is elected in an extensive manner by the members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and state legislative assemblies in a secret ballot procedure.

text: The nomination of a candidate for election to the office of the President must be subscribed by at least 50 electors as proposers and 50 electors as seconders. Each candidate has to make a security deposit of ₹15,000 (US$230) in the Reserve Bank of India.[40] The security deposit is liable to be forfeited in case the candidate fails to secure one-sixth of the votes polled.

text: The election is held in accordance to the system of Proportional representation by means of the Single transferable vote method. The voting takes place by secret ballot system. The manner of election of President is provided by Article 55 of the Constitution.[41]

text: Each elector casts a different number of votes. The general principle is that the total number of votes cast by Members of Parliament equals the total number of votes cast by State Legislators. Also, legislators from larger states cast more votes than those from smaller states. Finally, the number of legislators in a state matters; if a state has few legislators, then each legislator has more votes; if a state has many legislators, then each legislator has fewer votes.

text: The actual calculation for votes cast by a particular state is calculated by dividing the state's population by 1000, which is divided again by the number of legislators from the State voting in the electoral college. This number is the number of votes per legislator in a given state. Every elected member of the parliament enjoys the same number of votes, which may be obtained by dividing the total number of votes assigned to the members of legislative assemblies by the total number of elected representatives of the parliament.

text: Although Indian presidential elections involve actual voting by MPs and MLAs, they tend to vote for the candidate supported by their respective parties.[42]

text: Oath or affirmation

text: The President is required to make and subscribe in the presence of the Chief Justice of India (or in his absence, the senior-most Judge of the Supreme Court), an oath or affirmation that he/she shall protect, preserve and defend the Constitution as follows:[43]

text: I, (name), do swear in the name of God (or solemnly affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President (or discharge the functions of the President) of the Republic of India, and will to the best of my ability preserve, protect and defend the Constitution and the law, and that I will devote myself to the service and well-being of the people of the Republic of India.

text: Emoluments

text:
President pay

Date established
Salary (per month)

1 February 2018
₹5 lakh (US$7,700)

Sources:[44]

tag: table

text: The President of India used to receive ₹10,000 (US$200) per month per the Second Schedule of the Constitution. This amount was increased to ₹50,000 (US$800) in 1998. On 11 September 2008 the Government of India increased the salary of the President to ₹1.5 lakh (US$2,300). This amount was further increased to ₹5 lakh (US$7,700) in the 2018 Union budget of India.However, almost everything that the President does or wants to do is taken care of by the annual ₹225 million (US$3.4 million) budget that the Government allots for his or her upkeep.[45] Rashtrapati Bhavan, the President's official residence, is the largest Presidential Palace in the world.[46][47] The Rashtrapati Nilayam at Bolarum, Hyderabad and Retreat Building at Chharabra, Shimla are the official Retreat Residences of the President of India.[48] The official state car of the President is a custom-built heavily armoured Mercedes Benz S600 (W221) Pullman Guard.

text: The former presidents and spouses of deceased Presidents are eligible for pension, furnished accommodation, security, various allowances, etc.[49]

text:
Presidential amenities

Rashtrapati Bhavan, official residence of the President, located at New Delhi

Rashtrapati Nilayam is the official retreat of the President located in Hyderabad.

The President's Bodyguards is an elite household cavalry regiment of the Indian Army.

Presidential state car

Air India One is the call sign of any aircraft carrying the President. The aircraft are operated as VIP flights by the Indian Air Force.

A chopper of IAF's special VIP fleet, meant for carrying the President of India

text: Impeachment

text: Supreme Court shall inquire and decide regarding all doubts and disputes arising out of or in connection with the election of a President per Article 71(1) of the constitution. Supreme Court can remove the president for the electoral malpractices or upon being not eligible to be Lok Sabha member under the Representation of the People Act, 1951.[50] Subject to Article 71 (3), Parliament made applicable rules/procedure to petition the Supreme Court for resolving the disputes only that arise during the election process of the president but not the doubts that arise from his unconstitutional actions/deeds or changing Indian citizenship during the tenure of president which may violate the requisite election qualifications.[51]

text: The President may also be removed before the expiry of the term through impeachment for violating the Constitution of India by the Parliament of India.The process may start in either of the two houses of the Parliament. The house initiates the process by levelling the charges against the President. The charges are contained in a notice that has to be signed by at least one quarter of the total members of that house. The notice is sent up to the President and 14 days later, it is taken up for consideration.

text: A resolution to impeach the President has to be passed by a two-third majority of the total number of members of the originating house. It is then sent to the other house. The other house investigates the charges that have been made. During this process, the President has the right to defend oneself through an authorised counsel. If the second house also approves the charges made by special majority again, the President stands impeached and is deemed to have vacated their office from the date when such a resolution stands passed. No president has faced impeachment proceedings so the above provisions have never been used.[52]

text: Under Article 361 of the constitution, though president cannot be summoned for questioning except on his voluntary willingness to testify in the court in support of his controversial deeds, the unconstitutional decisions taken by the president would be declared invalid by the courts. The case would be decided by the courts based on the facts furnished by the union government for the president's role. As clarified by the Supreme Court in the case 'Rameshwar Prasad & Ors vs Union Of India & Anr on 24 January 2006', though president cannot be prosecuted and imprisoned during his term of office, he can be prosecuted after he/she steps down from the post for the guilty committed during the term of presidency as declared earlier by the courts.[53] No president has resigned on impropriety to continue in office for declaring and nullifying his unconstitutional decisions by the courts till now. No criminal case at least on the grounds of disrespecting constitution is lodged till now against former presidents to punish them for their unconstitutional acts though many decisions taken during the term of presidency had been declared by Supreme Court as unconstitutional, mala fides, void, ultra vires, etc.[54]

text: Succession

text: The Office of the President falls vacant in the following scenarios:

text:
On the expiry of their term
By reason of death
By reason of resignation
Removal by Supreme Court
Removal by impeachment

text: Article 65 of the Indian Constitution says that the Vice-President of India will have to discharge the duties, if the Office falls vacant due to any reason other than expiry of the term.[26]:20.10 The Vice-President reverts to office when a new President is elected and enters office. When the President is unable to act because of absence, illness or any other cause, the Vice-President discharges the President's functions until the President resumes the duties.

text: A Vice-President who acts as or discharges the functions of the President has all the powers and immunities of the President and is entitled to the same emoluments as the President. When the Vice-President discharges the duties of the President, he/she does not function as the Chairperson of the Rajya Sabha.

text: The Indian Parliament has enacted the law (The President (Discharge of Functions) Act, 1969)[55] for the discharge of the functions of the President when vacancies occur in the offices of the President and of the Vice-President simultaneously, owing to removal, death, resignation of the incumbent or otherwise. In such an eventuality, the Chief Justice, or in his absence, the senior most Judge of the Supreme Court of India available discharges the functions of the President until a newly elected President enters upon his office or a newly elected Vice-President begins to act as President under Article 65 of the Constitution, whichever is the earlier.[19]:96 For example, in 1969, when President Zakir Husain died in Office, Vice-President V. V. Giri served as the acting President of India. However, later, V.V Giri resigned from both posts (Acting President of India and Vice-President of India) as he became a candidate in the 1969 Presidential election in India. In this event, the then Chief Justice of India, Justice Mohammad Hidayatullah served as the acting President of India until the next President was elected.

text: President versus Chief Justice

text:
President versus Chief Justice of India

President
Chief Justice of India / Judiciary

The duties of President under his oath is to protect, defend and preserve the constitution and the law
Similar to President to uphold the Constitution and the laws (Third Schedule of the constitution)[6]

Oath is taken in the presence of the Chief Justice
In the presence of the President

Impeachment by Parliament with majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of each House of the Parliament for violation of the Constitution as per Article 61.
Impeachment by each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that House present and voting on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity as per Article 124(4)

President can be removed by the Supreme Court per Article 71(1) for committing electoral malpractices and upon ceasing to possess the requisite qualifications to be president.
President cannot remove judges once appointed by him without impeachment process per Article 124.

An individual heads the autonomous institution of President.
Judiciary/Supreme Court is also an autonomous institution represented by team of Supreme Court judges with Chief justice as its chief.

President being head of Parliament, Executive and supreme commander of armed forces is fully empowered by the constitution to fulfil his judicial responsibility. He can also take the expert advise of Attorney General and also Chief Justice in performing his judicial role. It is President's duty to ensure that every state's governance is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution under Articles 355 and 356.
Chief Justice/Supreme Court is also empowered by the constitution to repeal the unconstitutional activities of parliament and executive only after a fair trial.

President's prime duty is to prevent unconstitutional decisions of union and state governments and Parliament or state assemblies by denying his compulsory assent for making them into applicable laws. He is the foremost defender of the constitution who can pre-empt the unconstitutional activities of executive and legislatures. The other duties of President are just ceremonial as head of the country which are attached to him for being protector, defender and preserver of the constitution. The institution of President becomes redundant if the president is confining to other ceremonial duties only.
Can intervene or nullify the unlawful actions of union/state governments and unconstitutional laws enacted by the Parliament or a state legislative after presidential assent only.

President has constitutional immunity for his unconstitutional, mala fides activities during their tenure but liable for judicial action / punishment for his unconstitutional activity after the term of presidency. However per Article 361 (1), President is answerable to a court designated by either house of Parliament with two-thirds majority for the investigation of a charge against him under article 61.
Chief justice/Judges of Supreme Court are also immune from punishment for not delivering correct judgements or for their incompetence and mala fides. However, Judges verdict can be repealed by a higher level bench of other judges.

President cannot be recalled by the people of India for not fulfilling his constitutional duties in case Parliament is not impeaching the President or removed by the Supreme Court.
Chief justice/Judge of Supreme Court also cannot be recalled by the people of India in case Parliament is not impeaching the judges.

text: President versus Prime minister

text:
President versus Prime minister

President
Prime minister / Union cabinet

The duties of President under his oath is to protect, defend and preserve the constitution and the law
Swears allegiance to the Constitution of India as by law established, swears to uphold the sovereignty and integrity of India and swears to do right to all manner of people without fear or favour, affection or ill-will (Third Schedule of the constitution)[6]

Oath is taken in the presence of the Chief Justice
In the presence of the President

Elected in an extensive manner indirectly by the members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, and state legislative assemblies in a secret ballot conducted by the Election Commission
Elected indirectly by the Lok Sabha members and secret ballot is not mandatory.

Impeachment by Parliament with majority of not less than two-thirds of the total membership of each House of the Parliament for violation of the Constitution as per Article 61
Steps down upon losing majority support in Lok Sabha.

President can be removed by the Supreme Court per Article 71(1) for committing electoral malpractices and upon ceasing to possess the requisite qualifications to be president
Similar to Prime minister and ministers also.

An individual heads the autonomous institution of President
Union cabinet with Prime minister as its chief is collectively responsible.

President being head of Parliament, Executive and supreme commander of armed forces is fully empowered by the constitution to fulfil his judicial responsibility. He can also take the expert advise of Attorney General and also Chief Justice in performing his judicial role. It is President's duty to ensure that every state's governance is carried on in accordance with the provisions of the constitution under Articles 355 and 356
Rest of the governance of the union and reporting to the President on all important matters. Being leader of the majority/ ruling party in the Parliament, union cabinet takes lead in law making by the parliament needed for policy finalisation on various aspects, annual budgets finalisation, planning and implementation, etc.

President's prime function is to prevent unconstitutional decisions of union and state governments and parliament or state assemblies by denying his compulsory assent/government orders (GO) for making them in to applicable laws. He is the foremost defender of the constitution who can pre-empt the unconstitutional activities of executive and legislatures.
Prime minister /union cabinet shall aid and advise the President who shall, in the exercise of his functions, act in accordance with such advice as long as not unconstitutional. Prime minister shall communicate to the President all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the administration of the affairs of the Union and proposals for legislation and on President's desire submit related information. No minister shall decide on any matter without the council of ministers/ union cabinet approval per Article 78.

President has constitutional immunity for his unconstitutional, mala fides activities during their tenure but liable for judicial action / punishment for his unconstitutional activity after the term of presidency
The union cabinet has constitutional immunity from legal proceedings in any court for their mala fide and unconstitutional advice tendered by union ministers to the President per Article 74 (2).

President cannot escape from his constitutional duty by citing constitutional amendment to Article 74 (para 2 of 1) which makes him to abide by the union cabinet advice after sending for reconsideration. As clarified by the Supreme Court, the object of Article 74 (2) is only to make the question whether the President had followed the advice of the union cabinet or acted contrary thereto, non-justiciable. Refer page Article 74#Court cases for more clarity
The union cabinet may escape from the punishment or responsibility for implementing unconstitutional laws citing Article 74 (2).

President cannot be recalled by the people of India for not fulfilling his constitutional duties in case parliament is not impeaching the President or removed by the Supreme Court or resigns on his own on moral grounds
Prime minister/ union cabinet cannot be recalled by the people of India till the end of his term in case he is not losing majority support in Lok Shaba or resigns on his own on moral grounds.

text: Important presidential interventions in the past

text: The President's role as defender of the Constitution and the powers as Head of State, especially in relation to those exercised by the Prime Minister as leader of the government, have changed over time. In particular, Presidents have made a number of interventions into government and lawmaking, which have established and challenged some conventions concerning Presidential intervention.

text: Proving majority in the parliament

text: In 1979, the Prime Minister, Charan Singh, did not enjoy a Parliamentary majority. He responded to this by simply not advising the President to summon Parliament.[18] Since then, Presidents have been more diligent in directing incoming Prime Ministers to convene Parliament and prove their majority within reasonable deadlines (2 to 3 weeks). In the interim period, the Prime Ministers are generally restrained from making policy decisions.

text: Proof of Majority to form a Government

text: Since the 1990s, Parliamentary elections have generally not resulted in a single party or group of parties having a distinct majority, until the 2014 Lok Sabha elections when BJP received a clear majority. In such cases, Presidents have used their discretion and directed Prime Ministerial aspirants to establish their credentials before being invited to form the government. Typically, the aspirants have been asked to produce letters from various party leaders, with the signatures of all the MPs who are pledging support to their candidature. This is in addition to the requirement that a Prime Minister prove he has the support of the Lok Sabha (by a vote on the floor of the House) within weeks of being sworn into office.[56][57]

text: Vetoing of a Bill

text: Since the Indian Constitution does not provide any time limit within which the President is to declare his assent or refusal, the President could exercise a "pocket veto" by not taking any action for an indefinite time. The veto was used in 1986 by President Zail Singh over the Postal Bill. The President did not give assent to the bill, arguing that its scope was too sweeping and would give the government arbitrary powers to intercept postal communications indiscriminately.[52][58][59]

text: Rashtrapati Bhavan communiqués

text: In the late 1990s, President K. R. Narayanan introduced explaining to the nation (by means of Rashtrapati Bhavan communiqués), the thinking that led to the various decisions he took while exercising his discretionary powers; this has led to openness and transparency in the functioning of the President.[60]

text: Return of a Bill

text: The constitution gives the President the power to return a bill unsigned but it circumscribes the power to send it back only once for reconsideration. If the Parliament sends back the bill with or without changes, the President is obliged to sign it. In mid-2006, President A. P. J. Abdul Kalam sent back a controversial bill regarding the exclusion of certain offices from the scope of 'offices of profit', the holding of which would disqualify a person from being a member of parliament.[61] The combined opposition, the NDA, hailed the move. The UPA chose to send the bill back to the president without any changes and, after 17 days, Kalam gave his assent on 18 August 2006.[62][63]

text: Sacking state governors

text: Arunachal Pradesh governor who was earlier appointed by the ruling party at the centre, has been sacked by the President after the Supreme Court has quashed his unconstitutional acts.[64]

text: Living former Presidents

text: There are two living former Indian Presidents:

text:
Pratibha Patil
(2007–2012)
(1934-12-19) December 19, 1934 (age 83)

Pranab Mukherjee
(2012–2017)
(1935-12-11) December 11, 1935 (age 82)


document_title: List of tallest buildings in Nashville

question_text: what's the tallest building in nashville tennessee

question_tokens: what 's the tallest building in nashville tennessee

text: List of tallest buildings in Nashville

text: Tallest buildings[edit]

text: This list ranks completed Nashville skyscrapers that stand at least 260 feet (80 m), based on standard height measurement.

tag: p

text:
Rank

Name

Heightfeet
Heightmeters

Floors

Year

Notes

1

AT&T Building

617

188

33

1994

Tallest building in Tennessee. Previously named the BellSouth Building.[1][4]

2

505

543

166

45

2018

Tallest residential building in Tennessee.[5][6][7][8]

3

Fifth Third Center

490

149

31

1986

Originally known as the Third National Financial Center.[9][10]

4

Bridgestone Tower

460

140

30

2017

Started construction 2015. Bridgestone Americas HQ[11]

5

William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower

452

138

31

1970

Originally the National Life Center.[12][13]

6

The Pinnacle at Symphony Place

417

127

29

2010

[14]

7

Life & Casualty Tower

409

125

30

1957

This building is commonly referred to as the L & C Building[15][16]

8

Nashville City Center

402

123

27

1988

[17][18]

9

James K. Polk State Office Building

392

119

24

1981

[19][20]

10

JW Marriott Nashville

386

118

33

2018

Topped out on October 11, 2017, and set to open mid-2018.[21][22]

11

Renaissance Nashville Hotel

385

117

31

1987

[23][24]

12

Viridian Tower

378

115

31

2006

[25][26]

13

One Nashville Place

359

109

25

1985

[27][28]

14

UBS Tower

354

108

28

1974

[29][30]

15

The SoBro

345

105

33

2016

[31][32][33]

16

Westin Hotel

321

98

27

2016

[34][35][36]

17

222 2nd Avenue South

326

99

25

2017

[37][38]

18

Sheraton Nashville Downtown

300

91

27

1975

[39][40]

=19

SunTrust Building

292

89

20

1967

[41][42]

=19

Bank of America Plaza

292

89

20

1977

[43][44]

20

Skyhouse Nashville

289

88

25

2017

[45][46][47]

21

Andrew Jackson State Office Building

286

87

17

1969

[48][49]

22

ICON in the Gulch

282

86

22

2008

[50]

23

Twelve Twelve

270

82

23

2014

[51]

=24

Omni Nashville Hotel

269

82

23

2013

[52]

=24

Encore

269

82

21

2008

[53]

=24

Palmer Plaza

269

82

18

1986

[54][55]

25

HCA Parallon & SCRI headquarters

267

81

16

2016

[56][57][58]

26

Parkway Towers

261

80

21

1968

[59][60]

text: Tallest under construction or approved[edit]

text: Under construction[edit]

text: Buildings that are currently under construction in Nashville and expected to rise above 260 feet (80 m) include:

text:
Name

Heightfeet
Heightmeters

Floors

Year

Notes

Fifth & Broadway - Residential

350

110

34

2019

[61]

Fifth & Broadway - Commercial

300

91

26

2019

[62]

Endeavor

322

98

26

2018

Mixed-use tower anchored by Whole Foods[63][64][65]

text: Timeline of tallest buildings[edit]

text: This lists buildings that once held the title of tallest building in Nashville. The first skyscraper in the city was the First National Bank Building, now the Courtyard Hotel, from 1905 until 1908.

text:
Name

Street address

Years as tallest

Heightfeet
Heightmeters

Floors

Reference

First National Bank Building

170 Fourth Avenue North

1905–1908

170

52

12

[2]

The Stahlman

211 Union Street

1908–1957

180

55

12

[66]

Life & Casualty Tower

401 Church Street

1957–1970

409

125

30

[15]

William R. Snodgrass Tennessee Tower

312 Rosa L. Parks Boulevard

1970–1986

452

138

31

[12]

Fifth Third Center

424 Church Street

1986–1994

490

149

31

[9]

AT&T Building

333 Commerce Street

1994–present

617

188

32

[1]


document_title: Jagged Edge (group)

question_text: when does jagged edge new cd come out

question_tokens: when does jagged edge new cd come out

text: Jagged Edge (group)

text: History[edit]

text: 1997–2000: A Jagged Era and J.E. Heartbreak[edit]

text: Jagged Edge began their mainstream recording career with the single "The Way That You Talk". They followed this in 1997 with the album, A Jagged Era which managed to go gold featuring the singles "I Gotta Be" and "The Way That You Talk". "I Gotta Be" which was written by the twins, reached #11 on the R&B charts and #23 on the Hot 100.

text: Following up their debut album, Jagged Edge released J.E. Heartbreak in 2000. The album was the group's breakthrough album with several popular singles. The album went double platinum and had the hit single "Let's Get Married" which topped the R&B charts and reached #11 on the Hot 100. The album's second single, "He Can't Love U" (released January 18, 2000) had similar success, reaching #3 on the R&B charts and #15 on the Hot 100. It also featured the track "Promise", which reached #1 on the R&B charts and #9 on the Hot 100.

text: 2001–03: Jagged Little Thrill and Hard[edit]

text: The group's third release, Jagged Little Thrill, was released in 2001 and went platinum. Its success was in large part, due to the up-tempo "Where the Party At" which reached #1 on the R&B charts and #3 on the Hot 100, the group's highest charting single.

text: Jagged Edge's fourth album, Hard, was released in 2003 and went gold. The album's single "Walked Outta Heaven" performed well on the charts, reaching #6 on the Hot 100 and #2 on the R&B charts.

text: 2006–11: Jagged Edge, Baby Makin' Project and The Remedy[edit]

text: Jagged Edge's fifth album, Jagged Edge, was released on May 9, 2006 by Columbia/Sony Music Urban and it went gold. It featured the hit urban single "Good Luck Charm". Also released on November 21, 2006 was The Hits collection featuring Jagged Edge's biggest hits plus a few album tracks. The album shared the single "Stunnas" that's also on the Jagged Edge album as a bonus track.

text: Jagged Edge parted ways with Columbia Records shortly after the release of their self-titled fifth album and signed back with Jermaine Dupri. Dupri re-signed the group to So So Def through Island Def Jam, which handles the distribution for So So Def, and where Jermaine Dupri was president of the urban division. The group was also granted their own record label called 581 Muzik Groupe which was credited on their album, Baby Makin' Project.

text: The only single released off Baby Makin' Project was "Put a Little Umph in it" featuring Ashanti. It reached #49 on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart. The group recorded so much material for the project that they have saved eight of the tracks for another album, a release date for which has not been announced.

text: Jagged Edge signed to Slip-N-Slide Records in May 2009. The album titled "The Remedy" was released June 21, 2011. The project had one collaboration with Rick Ross. The first warm-up single from "The Remedy" is "Tip of My Tongue" featuring Slip 'N Slide Records' labelmate Trina and Gucci Mane. A second warm-up single, "Lay You Down", was released before the "official" single titled "Baby".

text: 2014–present: J.E. Heartbreak II and The Layover[edit]

text: The group released their eighth studio album titled J.E. Heartbreak 2 on October 27, 2014.[1] On May 15th, released their first single titled "Hope." The song was co-written by brothers Brian and Brandon Casey.

text: In November 2016, they released a new greatest hits album, featuring re-recorded versions of their biggest hit singles.[2]

text: In 2017, they recorded an episode of TV One's Unsung series, which premiered on July 9th.[3] They also announced the release of their ninth studio album The Layover set for release on the same day.[4] However, it was delayed[5] and finally released a day later.[6]

text: Discography[edit]

text:
A Jagged Era (1997)
J.E. Heartbreak (2000)
Jagged Little Thrill (2001)
Hard (2003)
Jagged Edge (2006)
Baby Makin' Project (2007)
The Remedy (2011)
J.E. Heartbreak 2 (2014)
The Layover (2017)

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2001
Jagged Edge
Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo/Group
Nominated

2002
Jagged Edge
Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo/Group
Nominated

2006
Jagged Edge
Favorite Soul/R&B Band/Duo/Group
Nominated

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2001
Jagged Edge
Best Group
Nominated

2002
Jagged Edge
Best Group
Nominated

2003
Jagged Edge
Best Group
Nominated

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2002
"Where the Party At" (featuring Nelly)
Best Rap/Sung Collaboration
Nominated

text:
Year
Nominee/work
Award
Result

2001
"Let's Get Married"
Best R&B/Soul Single, Group, Band or Duo
Won

J.E. Heartbreak
Best R&B/Soul Album, Group Band or Duo
Won

2002
"Where the Party At" (featuring Nelly)
Best R&B/Soul Single, Group, Band or Duo
Nominated

Jagged Little Thrill
Best R&B/Soul Album, Group Band or Duo
Nominated

2004
"Walked Outta Heaven"
Best R&B/Soul Single, Group, Band or Duo
Nominated

2007
"Good Luck Charm"
Best R&B/Soul Single, Group, Band or Duo
Nominated

Jagged Edge
Best R&B/Soul Album, Group Band or Duo
Nominated


document_title: 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup

question_text: who won the womens under 20 world cup

question_tokens: who won the womens under 20 world cup

text: 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup

text: Host selection[edit]

text: On 6 March 2014, FIFA announced that bidding had begun for the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup. Member associations interested in hosting must submit a declaration of interest by 15 April 2014, and provide the complete set of bidding documents by 31 October 2014.[3] The FIFA Executive Committee would select the hosts in 2015. In principle, FIFA preferred the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup and the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup to be hosted by the same member association, but if circumstances required, FIFA reserved the right to award the hosting of the events separately.

text: The following countries made official bids for hosting the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup by submitting their documents by 31 October 2014:[4][5]

text:
France[6]
 South Korea[7]

text: The following countries withdrew their bid for hosting the 2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup and the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup:

text:
England - England registered an expression of interest by the April 2014 deadline,[8] but in June 2014 it was announced that they would no longer proceed.[9]
 New Zealand - New Zealand registered an expression of interest by the April 2014 deadline,[10] but in June 2014 it was announced that they would no longer proceed.[11]
 South Africa - South Africa registered an expression of interest by the April 2014 deadline, but in June 2014 it was announced that they would no longer proceed.[12][13][14]

text: France were awarded the hosting rights of both tournaments by the FIFA Executive Committee on 19 March 2015.[15]

text: Qualified teams[edit]

text: A total of 16 teams qualified for the final tournament. In addition to France, which qualified automatically as hosts, the other 15 teams qualified from six separate continental competitions. The slot allocation was approved by the FIFA Council on 13–14 October 2016.[16]

text:
Confederation

Qualifying tournament

Team

Appearance

Last appearance

Previous best performance

AFC(Asia)

2017 AFC U-19 Women's Championship

 China PR

6th

2014

Runners-up (2004, 2006)

 Japan

6th

2016

Third place (2012, 2016)

 North Korea

7th

2016

Champions (2006, 2016)

CAF(Africa)

2018 African U-20 Women's World Cup Qualifying Tournament

 Ghana

5th

2016

Group stage (2010, 2012, 2014, 2016)

 Nigeria

9th

2016

Runners-up (2010, 2014)

CONCACAF(North, Central America & Caribbean)

2018 CONCACAF Women's U-20 Championship

 Haiti

1st

None

Debut

 Mexico

8th

2016

Quarter-finals (2010, 2012, 2016)

 United States

9th

2016

Champions (2002, 2008, 2012)

CONMEBOL(South America)

2018 South American U-20 Women's Championship

 Brazil

9th

2016

Third place (2006)

 Paraguay

2nd

2014

Group stage (2014)

OFC(Oceania)

2017 OFC U-19 Women's Championship

 New Zealand

7th

2016

Quarter-finals (2014)

UEFA(Europe)

Host nation

 France

7th

2016

Runners-up (2016)

2017 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship

 England

5th

2014

Quarter-finals (2002, 2008)

 Germany

9th

2016

Champions (2004, 2010, 2014)

 Netherlands

1st

None

Debut

 Spain

3rd

2016

Quarter-finals (2016)

text: Venues[edit]

text: The four host cities, all located in the region of Brittany, were announced on 7 September 2017.[17] The opening match, semi-finals, third place match and final were played in Vannes.[18]

text:
Concarneau

Saint-Malo

Dinan-Léhon

Stade Guy Piriou

Stade Marville

Stade du Clos Gastel

Capacity: 6,500

Capacity: 2,500

Capacity: 2,000

VannesConcarneauSaint-MaloDinan-Léhon

Vannes

Stade de la Rabine

Capacity: 9,500

text: Branding[edit]

text: The official emblem was unveiled on 22 September 2017.[18]

text: Draw[edit]

text: The official draw was held on 8 March 2018, 11:00 CET (UTC+1), at the Rennes Opera House in Rennes.[19][20][21][22][23] The teams were seeded based on their performances in previous U-20 Women's World Cups and confederation tournaments, with the hosts France automatically seeded and assigned to position A1. Teams of the same confederation could not meet in the group stage, except for UEFA with five teams so one group would contain two UEFA teams.[24]

text:
Pot 1

Pot 2

Pot 3

Pot 4

 France
 Germany
 North Korea
 Japan

 United States
 Nigeria
 Mexico
 New Zealand

 Brazil
 Spain
 Ghana
 China PR

 England
 Paraguay
 Haiti
 Netherlands

text: Squads[edit]

text: Players born between 1 January 1998 and 31 December 2002 were eligible to compete in the tournament. Each team had to name a preliminary squad of 35 players. From the preliminary squad, the team had to name a final squad of 21 players (three of whom must be goalkeepers) by the FIFA deadline. Players in the final squad could be replaced due to serious injury up to 24 hours prior to kickoff of the team's first match.[25]

text: Match officials[edit]

text: A total of 15 referees and 30 assistant referees were appointed by FIFA for the tournament.[26][27]

text:
Confederation

Referees

Assistant referees

AFC

 Kate Jacewicz
 Qin Liang
 Ri Hyang-ok

 Renae Coghill
 Fang Yan
 Cui Yongmei
 Uvena Fernandes
 Kum-Nyo Hong
 Kim Kyoung-min

CAF

 Lidya Tafesse Abebe
 Gladys Lengwe

 Bernadettar Kwimbira
 Mary Njoroge
 Lidwine Rakotozafinoro
 Queency Victoire

CONCACAF

  Carol Anne Chenard
 Melissa Borjas

 Chantal Boudreau
 Yudilia Briones
 Kathryn Nesbitt
 Shirley Perello

CONMEBOL

 Edina Alves Batista
 Claudia Umpiérrez

 Mónica Amboya
 Neuza Back
 Luciana Mascarana
 Tatiane Sacilotti

OFC

 Anna-Marie Keighley

 Lata Kaumatule
 Maria Tamalelagi

UEFA

 Jana Adámková
 Stéphanie Frappart
 Kateryna Monzul
 Esther Staubli
 Bibiana Steinhaus

 Petruta Iugulescu
 Chrysoula Kourompylia
 Susanne Küng
 Sian Massey
 Manuela Nicolosi
 Michelle O'Neill
 Belinda Pierre
 Katrin Rafalski
 Sanja Rodak
 Maryna Striletska

text: Group stage[edit]

text: The official schedule was unveiled on 17 January 2018.[28]

text: The top two teams of each group advanced to the quarter-finals. The rankings of teams in each group were determined as follows (regulations Article 17.7):[25]

text: points obtained in all group matches;goal difference in all group matches;number of goals scored in all group matches;

text: If two or more teams were equal on the basis of the above three criteria, their rankings were determined as followed:

text: points obtained in the group matches between the teams concerned;goal difference in the group matches between the teams concerned;number of goals scored in the group matches between the teams concerned;fair play points in all group matches: first yellow card: minus 1 point;indirect red card (second yellow card): minus 3 points;direct red card: minus 4 points;yellow card and direct red card: minus 5 points;drawing of lots by the FIFA Organising Committee.

text: All times were local, CEST (UTC+2).[29]

text: Group A[edit]

text:
Pos

Team

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 France (H)

3

2

1

0

8

1

+7

7

Knockout stage

2

 Netherlands

3

2

0

1

6

5

+1

6

3

 Ghana

3

1

0

2

2

8

−6

3

4

 New Zealand

3

0

1

2

1

3

−2

1

text:
New Zealand 1–2 Netherlands

Blake  44'
Report

Kalma  28'
Van Deursen  78'

text:
France 4–1 Ghana

Laurent  6', 31'
Fercocq  27'
Baltimore  90+7'
Report

Owusu-Ansah  58'

text:
Netherlands 4–0 Ghana

Nouwen  21'
Kalma  28', 32'
Pelova  80'
Report

text:
France 0–0 New Zealand

Report

text:
Netherlands 0–4 France

Report

Delabre  10', 31' (pen.), 33'
Laurent  72'

text:
Ghana 1–0 New Zealand

Anima  75'
Report

text: Group B[edit]

text:
Pos

Team

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 England

3

2

1

0

10

3

+7

7

Knockout stage

2

 North Korea

3

2

0

1

5

5

0

6

3

 Mexico

3

1

0

2

5

10

−5

3

4

 Brazil

3

0

1

2

4

6

−2

1

text:
Mexico 3–2 Brazil

Martínez  4'
Ovalle  52', 63'
Report

Kerolin  6', 17'

text:
North Korea 1–3 England

Ja Un-yong  71'
Report

Russo  31', 73'
Stanway  60'

text:
Brazil 1–1 England

Ariadina  90+2'
Report

Stanway  11' (pen.)

text:
North Korea 2–1 Mexico

Choe Kum-ok  14'
Kim Kyong-yong  85'
Report

Ovalle  12'

text:
Brazil 1–2 North Korea

Geyse  68'
Report

Son Sun-im  44'
Choe Kum-ok  90+3'

text:
England 6–1 Mexico

Russo  49'
Kelly  53'
Hemp  62', 68', 80'
Stanway  64'
Report

Ovalle  37'

text: Group C[edit]

text:
Pos

Team

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Spain

3

2

1

0

7

3

+4

7

Knockout stage

2

 Japan

3

2

0

1

7

1

+6

6

3

 United States

3

1

1

1

8

3

+5

4

4

 Paraguay

3

0

0

3

1

16

−15

0

text:
Paraguay 1–4 Spain

J. Martínez  62'
Report

Guijarro  40', 64', 90+6'
Pina  49'

text:
United States 0–1 Japan

Report

Hayashi  76'

text:
Spain 1–0 Japan

Menayo  16'
Report

text:
United States 6–0 Paraguay

Smith  15', 63'
DeMelo  39', 44', 78'
Sanchez  46'
Report

text:
Spain 2–2 United States

Guijarro  7'
García  42'
Report

Smith  83'
DeMelo  87'

text:
Japan 6–0 Paraguay

Takarada  5', 18', 61'
Ueki  44', 45+3', 60'
Report

text: Group D[edit]

text:
Pos

Team

Pld

W

D

L

GF

GA

GD

Pts

Qualification

1

 Germany

3

3

0

0

6

2

+4

9

Knockout stage

2

 Nigeria

3

1

1

1

2

2

0

4

3

 China PR

3

1

1

1

3

4

−1

4

4

 Haiti

3

0

0

3

3

6

−3

0

text:
Nigeria 0–1 Germany

Report

Sanders  69'

text:
Haiti 1–2 China PR

Mondésir  78' (pen.)
Report

Zhao Yujie  13'
Shen Mengyu  46'

text:
Germany 2–0 China PR

Gwinn  31'
Freigang  40'
Report

text:
Haiti 0–1 Nigeria

Report

Ajibade  36' (pen.)

text:
Germany 3–2 Haiti

Freigang  18'
Kögel  49'
Bühl  60'
Report

Mondésir  63', 73'

text:
China PR 1–1 Nigeria

Zhang Linyan  41'
Report

Dou Jiaxing  90+5' (o.g.)

text: Knockout stage[edit]

text: In the knockout stages, if a match was level at the end of normal playing time, extra time would be played (two periods of 15 minutes each) and followed, if necessary, by a penalty shoot-out to determine the winner. However, for the third place match, no extra time was played and the winner was determined by a penalty shoot-out if necessary.[25]

text: Bracket[edit]

text:
Quarter-finalsSemi-finalsFinal            16 August – Concarneau   France1 20 August – Vannes  North Korea0
  France0 16 August – Concarneau  Spain1
  Spain2 24 August – Vannes  Nigeria1
  Spain1  17 August – Vannes  Japan3
  England2 20 August – Vannes  Netherlands1
  England0 17 August – Vannes  Japan2
Third place  Germany1 24 August – Vannes  Japan3
  France1 (2)   England (p)1 (4)

text: Quarter-finals[edit]

text:
Spain 2–1 Nigeria

Bonmatí  13'
Guijarro  45+2'
Report

Efih  57'

text:
France 1–0 North Korea

Delabre  29' (pen.)
Report

text:
England 2–1 Netherlands

Stanway  20', 23'
Report

Pelova  12'

text:
Germany 1–3 Japan

Minge  82'
Report

Endo  59'
Ueki  70'
Takarada  73'

text: Semi-finals[edit]

text:
England 0–2 Japan

Report

Ueki  22'Endo  27'

text:
France 0–1 Spain

Report
Guijarro  51'

text: Third place match[edit]

text:
France 1–1 England

Laurent  68' (pen.)
Report

Stanway  46'
Penalties

Thibaud
Bacha
Laurent
Delabre
2–4

 Stanway
 Hemp
 Russo
 Peplow
 Allen

text: Final[edit]

text:
Spain 1–3 Japan

Andújar  71'
Report

Miyazawa  38'
Takarada  57'
Nagano  65'

text:
2018 FIFA U-20 Women's World Championship Winners

JapanFirst title

text: Awards[edit]

text: The following awards were given for the tournament:[30]

text:
Golden Ball

Silver Ball

Bronze Ball

 Patricia Guijarro

 Saori Takarada

 Moeka Minami

Golden Boot

Silver Boot

Bronze Boot

 Patricia Guijarro

 Georgia Stanway

 Saori Takarada

6 goals, 3 assists

6 goals

5 goals, 3 assists

Golden Glove

 Sandy MacIver

FIFA Fair Play Award

 Japan

text: Goalscorers[edit]

text: There were 98 goals scored in 32 matches, for an average of 3.06 goals per match.

text: 6 goals

text:
Georgia Stanway
 Patricia Guijarro

text: 5 goals

text:
Saori Takarada
 Riko Ueki

text: 4 goals

text:
Amelie Delabre
 Emelyne Laurent
 Jacqueline Ovalle
 Savannah DeMelo

text: 3 goals

text:
Lauren Hemp
 Alessia Russo
 Nérilia Mondésir
 Fenna Kalma
 Sophia Smith

text: 2 goals

text:
Kerolin Nicoli
 Laura Freigang
 Jun Endo
 Victoria Pelova
 Choe Kum-ok

text: 1 goal

text:
Ariadina Borges
 Geyse
 Shen Mengyu
 Zhang Linyan
 Zhao Yujie
 Chloe Kelly
 Sandy Baltimore
 Hélène Fercocq
 Klara Bühl
 Giulia Gwinn
 Kristin Kögel
 Janina Minge
 Stefanie Sanders
 Ruth Amina
 Sandra Owusu-Ansah
 Honoka Hayashi
 Hinata Miyazawa
 Fuka Nagano
 Katty Martínez
 Eva van Deursen
 Aniek Nouwen
 Rasheedat Ajibade
 Peace Efih
 Hannah Blake
 Ja Un-yong
 Kim Kyong-yong
 Son Sun-im
 Jessica Martínez
 Candela Andújar
 Aitana Bonmatí
 Lucia García
 Carmen Menayo
 Clàudia Pina
 Ashley Sanchez

text: 1 own goal

text: Dou Jiaxing (against Nigeria)


document_title: List of Premier League seasons

question_text: who was relegated from the premier league last season

text: List of Premier League seasons

text: History[edit]

text: Champions[edit]

text:
"They've deserved to win the league and now, having opened the door, if they show the same hunger they have shown this year, there's no saying what they can achieve."
Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson on his players winning the Premier League in May 1993.[1]

tag: div

text: In the inaugural season of the Premier League Manchester United finished 10 points clear of Aston Villa to win their first league championship in over 26 years.[2] The club successfully retained the title in 1993–94, leading the table after beating Aston Villa 2–1 in the third gameweek.[3] Manchester United also completed a league and cup double, beating Chelsea 4–0 in the FA Cup final. Blackburn Rovers under the investment of owner Jack Walker and manager Kenny Dalglish won their first championship since 1913–14 on the final day of the 1994–95 season.[4] Despite Blackburn losing to Liverpool, Manchester United – in second place and two points behind the leaders before kick-off had failed to capitalise on the result, drawing at West Ham United.[5] Manchester United however regained the Premier League in 1995–96 after much scrutiny over the inexperience of the first team at the beginning of the season.[6] Newcastle United who held a 12-point lead at the top in January 1996 were pegged back in the following weeks before Manchester United moved in front at the end of March.[7]

text: Manchester United retained the league in 1996–97 but were overhauled by Arsenal in the final ten weeks of the 1997–98 season, finishing second.[8][9] Arsenal, managed by Arsène Wenger in his first full season at the club also beat Newcastle 2–0 in the FA Cup final to win the trophy and accomplish a double.[10] They however failed to retain both trophies as Manchester United pipped Arsenal on the final day of the league season, winning the Premier League as well as defeating the holders in a FA Cup semi-final replay.[11] United won the league for two successive seasons: in 1999–2000 ending the season 18 points in front and 2000–01 by 10.[12][13] After four seasons without a trophy, Arsenal again completed a league and cup double in 2001–02 remarkably scoring in every single Premier League match.[14] The title the following season was won by Manchester United, with striker Ruud van Nistelrooy scoring 25 goals in 38 league matches.[15]

text: In the summer of 2003, Chelsea were taken over by businessman Roman Abramovich and despite the club spending over £100m on new players, the 2003–04 champions were Arsenal, who became the first Premier League club to win the league without defeat.[16][17] Chelsea's failure to finish first culminated in managerial changes: coach Claudio Ranieri was sacked and subsequently replaced with Portuguese José Mourinho.[18] The club won the league in 2004–05, 12 points ahead of runners-up Arsenal, scoring 72 goals and conceding 15 in the process.[19][20] Chelsea won a second successive Premier League title in 2005–06 before Manchester United became the third different club to win the league in four seasons in 2006–07.[21][22] Despite Arsenal leading the division for much of the 2007–08 season, Manchester United retained the championship on the final day of the season and won their eleventh Premier League title in 2008–09 after much competition from Liverpool.[23][24] Chelsea reclaimed the league in 2009–10, scoring a record 103 goals and won the FA Cup to end the season as double winners.[25] In May 2011, Manchester United won their 12th Premier League title and a record 19th after drawing away to Blackburn Rovers.[26]

text: Promotion and Relegation[edit]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (March 2012)

text: Nottingham Forest were the first team relegated from the Premier League in the 1992–93 season, losing 0–2 at home to Sheffield United on 1 May 1993.[27] They were joined by Middlesbrough and Crystal Palace, with the latter club relegated on goal difference. Newcastle United and West Ham United were both automatically promoted from the First Division while Swindon Town triumphed in the playoffs.

text: Blackburn Rovers have been the only Premier League champions to be relegated from the league, in 1998–99 and 2011–12.

text: Top goalscorer[edit]

text: The top goalscorer in the Premier League at the end of each season is awarded the Premier League Golden Boot, known for sponsorship reasons as the Barclays Golden Boot. The first recipient was Teddy Sheringham of Tottenham Hotspur, who scored 21 goals in 40 games for the club as well as an additional goal for Nottingham Forest on the opening day of the season.[28] Andrew Cole scored 34 goals for Newcastle United in 1993–94 before Alan Shearer won three consecutive awards: twice for Blackburn Rovers including their league-winning season and once for Newcastle United in 1996–97. Chris Sutton, Michael Owen and Dion Dublin of Blackburn Rovers, Liverpool and Coventry City respectively were the joint recipients of the Golden Boot the following season, with 18 goals apiece. Owen again shared the accolade, scoring 18 goals in 1998–99 with Manchester United striker Dwight Yorke and Leeds forward Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink. In 1999–2000, the award was given to Kevin Phillips of newly promoted Sunderland, scoring 30 goals in 36 games.[29] At a strike rate of 0.83, he was also awarded the European Golden Shoe.[29]

text: Hasselbaink was the winner in 2000–01, scoring 23 goals for Chelsea in 35 appearances.[30] Thierry Henry of Arsenal picked up the prize a year later with 24 goals and Manchester United striker Ruud van Nistelrooy was the awardee in 2002–03, scoring one more than the previous season's tally.[31][32] Henry picked up three successive Golden Boots in 2003–04, 2004–05 and 2005–06 scoring 30, 25 and 27 goals respectively.[33] Chelsea striker Didier Drogba was the top goalscorer in 2006–07 with 20 goals and Manchester United midfielder Cristiano Ronaldo contributed to his team's success in 2007–08, scoring 31 goals in 34 league games; a strike rate of 0.91.[34][35] Nicolas Anelka of Chelsea was the recipient in 2008–09 with 18 goals before his fellow strike partner Drogba won his second Golden Boot the following season with 29 goals.[36][37] Both Carlos Tevez and Dimitar Berbatov of Manchester City and Manchester United respectively each won their first Golden Boot at the end of the 2010–11 season, scoring 20 goals.[38]

text: Seasons[edit]

text:
Key

League champions won domestic double

Team qualified as UCL winners

#
Team qualified as UEL winners

text:
Season

Champions

Champions League[a]

UEFA Cup / Europa League[b]

Relegated

Promoted

Player

Goals[c]

Europe[d]

Top scorer

1992–93

Manchester United

&—

Aston VillaNorwich City

Crystal PalaceMiddlesbroughNottingham Forest

Newcastle UnitedWest Ham UnitedSwindon Town

Teddy Sheringham

22[e]

1993–94

Manchester United

&—

Blackburn RoversNewcastle United

Sheffield UnitedOldham AthleticSwindon Town

Crystal PalaceNottingham ForestLeicester City

Andy Cole

34

1994–95

Blackburn Rovers

&—

Manchester UnitedNottingham ForestLiverpoolLeeds United

Crystal PalaceNorwich CityLeicester CityIpswich Town

MiddlesbroughBolton Wanderers

Alan Shearer

34

1995–96

Manchester United

&—

Newcastle UnitedAston VillaArsenal

Manchester CityQueens Park RangersBolton Wanderers

SunderlandDerby CountyLeicester City

Alan Shearer

31

1996–97

Manchester United

Newcastle United

ArsenalLiverpoolAston Villa

SunderlandMiddlesbrough[f]Nottingham Forest

Bolton WanderersBarnsleyCrystal Palace

Alan Shearer

25

1997–98

Arsenal

Manchester United

LiverpoolLeeds UnitedBlackburn RoversAston Villa

Bolton WanderersBarnsleyCrystal Palace

Nottingham ForestMiddlesbroughCharlton Athletic

Dion DublinMichael OwenChris Sutton

18

1998–99

Manchester United [g]

ArsenalChelsea

Leeds United

Charlton AthleticBlackburn RoversNottingham Forest

SunderlandBradford CityWatford

Jimmy Floyd HasselbainkMichael OwenDwight Yorke

18

1999–2000

Manchester United

ArsenalLeeds United

Liverpool

WimbledonSheffield WednesdayWatford

Charlton AthleticManchester CityIpswich Town

Kevin Phillips

30[h]

2000–01

Manchester United

ArsenalLiverpool

Leeds UnitedIpswich TownChelsea

Manchester CityCoventry CityBradford City

FulhamBlackburn RoversBolton Wanderers

Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink

23

2001–02

Arsenal

LiverpoolManchester UnitedNewcastle United

Leeds United

Ipswich TownDerby CountyLeicester City

Manchester CityWest Bromwich AlbionBirmingham City

Thierry Henry

24

2002–03

Manchester United

ArsenalNewcastle UnitedChelsea

Blackburn Rovers

West Ham UnitedWest Bromwich AlbionSunderland

PortsmouthLeicester CityWolverhampton Wanderers

Ruud van Nistelrooy

25

2003–04

Arsenal

ChelseaManchester UnitedLiverpool

Newcastle United

Leicester CityLeeds UnitedWolverhampton Wanderers

Norwich CityWest Bromwich AlbionCrystal Palace

Thierry Henry

30[i]

2004–05

Chelsea

ArsenalManchester UnitedEvertonLiverpool

Bolton WanderersMiddlesbrough

Crystal PalaceNorwich CitySouthampton

SunderlandWigan AthleticWest Ham United

Thierry Henry

25[j]

2005–06

Chelsea

Manchester UnitedLiverpoolArsenal

Tottenham HotspurBlackburn Rovers

Birmingham CityWest Bromwich AlbionSunderland

ReadingSheffield UnitedWatford

Thierry Henry

27

2006–07

Manchester United

ChelseaLiverpoolArsenal

Tottenham HotspurEvertonBolton Wanderers

Sheffield UnitedCharlton AthleticWatford

SunderlandBirmingham CityDerby County

Didier Drogba

20

2007–08

Manchester United

ChelseaArsenalLiverpool

Everton

ReadingBirmingham CityDerby County

West Bromwich AlbionStoke CityHull City

Cristiano Ronaldo

31[k]

2008–09

Manchester United

LiverpoolChelseaArsenal

EvertonAston Villa

Newcastle UnitedMiddlesbroughWest Bromwich Albion

Wolverhampton WanderersBirmingham CityBurnley

Nicolas Anelka

19

2009–10

Chelsea

Manchester UnitedArsenalTottenham Hotspur

Manchester CityAston Villa

BurnleyHull CityPortsmouth[l]

Newcastle UnitedWest Bromwich AlbionBlackpool

Didier Drogba

29

2010–11

Manchester United

ChelseaArsenalManchester City

Tottenham Hotspur

Birmingham CityBlackpoolWest Ham United

Queens Park RangersNorwich CitySwansea City

Dimitar BerbatovCarlos Tevez

20

2011–12

Manchester City

Manchester UnitedChelseaArsenal

Tottenham HotspurNewcastle United

Bolton WanderersBlackburn RoversWolverhampton Wanderers

ReadingSouthamptonWest Ham United

Robin van Persie

30

2012–13

Manchester United

Manchester CityChelseaArsenal

Tottenham Hotspur

Wigan AthleticReading  Queens Park Rangers

Cardiff CityHull CityCrystal Palace

Robin van Persie

26

2013–14

Manchester City

LiverpoolChelseaArsenal

EvertonTottenham Hotspur

Norwich CityFulhamCardiff City

Leicester CityBurnleyQueens Park Rangers

Luis Suárez

31 [m]

2014–15

Chelsea

Manchester CityArsenalManchester United

Tottenham HotspurLiverpoolSouthampton

Hull CityBurnleyQueens Park Rangers

BournemouthWatfordNorwich City

Sergio Agüero

26

2015–16

Leicester City

ArsenalTottenham HotspurManchester City

Manchester UnitedSouthamptonWest Ham United

Aston VillaNorwich CityNewcastle United

BurnleyMiddlesbroughHull City

Harry Kane

25[54]

2016–17

 Chelsea

Tottenham HotspurManchester CityLiverpoolManchester United#

ArsenalEverton

SunderlandMiddlesbroughHull City

Newcastle UnitedBrighton & Hove AlbionHuddersfield Town

Harry Kane

29[55]

2017–18

Manchester City

Manchester UnitedTottenham HotspurLiverpool

ChelseaArsenalBurnley

Swansea CityStoke CityWest Bromwich Albion

Wolverhampton WanderersCardiff CityFulham

Mohamed Salah

32[56]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ The Champions League was initially contested by domestic league champions of nations affiliated to UEFA. From the 1997–98 season the competition was expanded to include eight domestic league runners-up selected by a coefficient system. A preliminary spot was awarded to the third place team in the Premier League starting from the 1999–2000 season and an increase in coefficient points resulted in an extra preliminary spot announced during the 2001–02 season, awarded to the team finishing fourth in the Premier League. As of 2008–09, the top three Premier League teams will automatically qualify for the group stages of the competition while the fourth-placed team will participate in a play-off.[39][40][41][42]

Jump up ^ Since the 2001–02 season, the fifth-placed team in the Premier League automatically qualifies for the competition. If both of the domestic cup winners qualify for the Champions League through their league position, the sixth and seventh-placed teams will take their place.[43] Originally referred to as the UEFA Cup, the competition was revamped to the UEFA Europa League from the start of the 2009–10 season.[44]

Jump up ^ Goals only scored in the Premier League

Jump up ^ In addition to the Premier League champions, teams who also qualify for Europe by virtue of their league position, not those who qualify by other means such as winning the FA Cup, Football League Cup or via the Fair Play initiative. Abolished competitions such as the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup and UEFA Intertoto Cup are excluded.

Jump up ^ Sheringham joined Tottenham Hotspur in August 1992 for £2.1 million. In the league he scored one goal for Nottingham Forest (against Liverpool on the opening weekend of the season) and 21 for Tottenham Hotspur.[45][28]

Jump up ^ Middlesbrough were deducted three points and fined £50,000 by the Premier League after failing to attend the scheduled fixture against Blackburn Rovers in January 1997.[46]

Jump up ^ As well as winning the league and FA Cup, Manchester United beat Bayern Munich 2–1 in the final of the UEFA Champions League to complete a European treble.[47]

Jump up ^ Kevin Phillips won the European Golden Shoe for the 1999–2000 season, scoring 30 league goals.[48]

Jump up ^ Thierry Henry won the European Golden Shoe for the 2003–04 season, scoring 30 goals.[49]

Jump up ^ Thierry Henry was the joint holder of the European Golden Shoe with Diego Forlán who also scored 25 goals.[50]

Jump up ^ Cristiano Ronaldo was awarded the European Golden Shoe for the 2007–08 season, scoring 31 goals.[51]

Jump up ^ Portsmouth were deducted ten points after entering administration in February 2010.[52]

Jump up ^ Luis Suárez shared the European Golden Shoe for the 2013–14 season with Cristiano Ronaldo, both scoring 31 goals.[53]


document_title: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

question_text: who scored most goals in fifa world cup history

text: FIFA World Cup top goalscorers

text: Overall top goalscorers[edit]

text:
Table key

♦

Denotes national top scorers at the World Cup

#

Denotes players who played for their national teams at the most recent tournament in 2018

[ ]

Denotes tournaments where the player was part of the squad, but did not play in a match

( )

Denotes tournaments where the player played in a match, but did not score a goal

text:
Players with at least 5 goals at the FIFA World Cup tournaments[6][7]

Rank

Player

Team

Goalsscored

Matchesplayed

Goalsper game[nb 1]

Tournaments

Notes

1

Miroslav Klose♦

 Germany

16

24

0.67

2002, 2006, 2010, 2014

list[9]

2

Ronaldo♦

 Brazil

15

19

0.79

[1994], 1998, 2002, 2006

list[10]

3

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

14

13

1.08

1970, 1974

list[11]

4

Just Fontaine♦

 France

13

6

2.17

1958

list[12]

5

Pelé

 Brazil

12

14

0.86

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

list[13]

6

Sándor Kocsis♦

 Hungary

11

5

2.20

1954

list[14]

Jürgen Klinsmann

 West Germany Germany

17

0.65

1990,1994, 1998

list[15]

8

Helmut Rahn

 West Germany

10

10

1.00

1954, 1958

list[16]

Gary Lineker♦

 England

12

0.83

1986, 1990

list[17]

Gabriel Batistuta♦

 Argentina

12

0.83

1994, 1998, 2002

list[18]

Teófilo Cubillas♦

 Peru

13

0.77

1970, 1978, (1982)

list[19]

Thomas Müller#

 Germany

16

0.63

2010, 2014, (2018)

list[20][21]

Grzegorz Lato♦

 Poland

20

0.50

1974, 1978, 1982

list[22]

14

Eusébio♦

 Portugal

9

6

1.50

1966

list[23]

Christian Vieri♦

 Italy

9

1.00

1998, 2002

list[24]

Vavá

 Brazil

10

0.90

1958, 1962

[25]

David Villa♦

 Spain

12

0.75

2006, 2010, 2014

list[26]

Paolo Rossi♦

 Italy

14

0.64

1978, 1982, [1986]

list[27]

Jairzinho

 Brazil

16

0.56

(1966), 1970, 1974

list[28]

Roberto Baggio♦

 Italy

16

0.56

1990, 1994, 1998

list[29]

Karl-Heinz Rummenigge

 West Germany

19

0.47

1978, 1982, 1986

list[30]

Uwe Seeler

 West Germany

21

0.43

1958, 1962, 1966, 1970

[31]

23

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

2.00

1930

list[32]

Leônidas

 Brazil

5

1.60

1934, 1938

list[nb 2][34]

Ademir

 Brazil

6

1.33

1950

list[nb 3][37]

Óscar Míguez♦

 Uruguay

7

1.14

1950, 1954

[38]

Rivaldo

 Brazil

14

0.57

1998, 2002

list[39]

Rudi Völler

 West Germany Germany

15

0.53

1986, 1990,1994

list[40]

Diego Maradona

 Argentina

21

0.38

1982, 1986, (1990), 1994

list[41]

30

Oldřich Nejedlý♦

 Czechoslovakia

7

6

1.17

1934, 1938

[nb 4][42]

Lajos Tichy

 Hungary

8

0.88

1958, 1962, [1966]

list[43]

Careca

 Brazil

9

0.78

1986, 1990

[44]

Johnny Rep♦

 Netherlands

13

0.54

1974, 1978

[45]

Andrzej Szarmach

 Poland

13

0.54

1974, 1978, 1982

[46]

Luis Suárez#

 Uruguay

13

0.54

2010, 2014, 2018

list[47][48]

Hans Schäfer

 West Germany

15

0.47

1954, 1958, (1962)

[49]

Cristiano Ronaldo#

 Portugal

17

0.41

2006, 2010, 2014, 2018

list[48][50]

38

Josef Hügi♦

  Switzerland

6

3

2.00

1954

[51]

Oleg Salenko♦

 Russia

3

2.00

1994

list[52]

György Sárosi

 Hungary

5

1.20

1934, 1938

[53]

Max Morlock

 West Germany

5

1.20

1954

[54]

Erich Probst♦

 Austria

5

1.20

1954

[55]

Harry Kane#

 England

6

1.00

2018

list[56]

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

7

0.86

1990

list[57]

Davor Šuker♦

 Yugoslavia Croatia

8

0.75

[1990],1998, (2002)

list[nb 5][58]

James Rodríguez♦#

 Colombia

8

0.75

2014, (2018)

list[59][60]

Helmut Haller

 West Germany

9

0.67

(1962), 1966, (1970)

[61]

Hristo Stoichkov♦

 Bulgaria

10

0.60

1994, (1998)

list[62]

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

10

0.60

2002, 2010, (2014)

list[63]

Neymar#

 Brazil

10

0.60

2014, 2018

list[48][64]

Asamoah Gyan♦

 Ghana

11

0.55

2006, 2010, 2014

list[65]

Dennis Bergkamp

 Netherlands

12

0.50

1994, 1998

list[66]

Rob Rensenbrink

 Netherlands

13

0.46

1974, 1978

[67]

Rivellino

 Brazil

15

0.40

1970, 1974, (1978)

[68]

Bebeto

 Brazil

15

0.40

(1990), 1994, 1998

list[69]

Arjen Robben

 Netherlands

15

0.40

2006, 2010, 2014

list[70]

Zbigniew Boniek

 Poland

16

0.38

1978, 1982, (1986)

list[71]

Thierry Henry

 France

17

0.35

1998, (2002), 2006, (2010)

list[72]

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

17

0.35

(2006), 2010, 2014

list[73]

Robin van Persie

 Netherlands

17

0.35

2006, 2010, 2014

list[74]

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

18

0.33

(1974), 1978, (1982)

list[75]

Lionel Messi#

 Argentina

19

0.32

2006, (2010), 2014, 2018

list[48][76]

Lothar Matthäus

 West Germany Germany

25

0.24

(1982), 1986, 1990, 1994, (1998)

[77]

64

Pedro Cea

 Uruguay

5

4

1.25

1930

list[78]

Silvio Piola

 Italy

4

1.25

1938

[79]

Gyula Zsengellér

 Hungary

4

1.25

1938

[80]

Peter McParland♦

 Northern Ireland

5

1.00

1958

list[81]

Tomáš Skuhravý

 Czechoslovakia

5

1.00

1990

[82]

Juan Alberto Schiaffino

 Uruguay

6

0.83

1950, 1954

[83]

Geoff Hurst

 England

6

0.83

1966, 1970

list[84]

Jon Dahl Tomasson♦

 Denmark

6

0.83

2002, 2010

list[85]

Alessandro Altobelli

 Italy

7

0.71

1982, 1986

[86]

Kennet Andersson♦

 Sweden

7

0.71

1994

list[87]

Fernando Morientes

 Spain

7

0.71

1998, 2002

list[88]

Romário

 Brazil

8

0.63

(1990), 1994

list[89]

Marc Wilmots♦

 Belgium

8

0.63

[1990], (1994), 1998, 2002

list[90]

Mario Mandžukić#

 Croatia

8

0.63

2014, 2018

list[48][91]

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

9

0.56

1958, 1962

list[92]

Emilio Butragueño

 Spain

9

0.56

1986, (1990)

list[93]

Roger Milla♦

 Cameroon

9

0.56

(1982), 1990, 1994

[94]

Tim Cahill♦#

 Australia

9

0.56

2006, 2010, 2014, (2018)

list[95][96]

Hans Krankl

 Austria

10

0.50

1978, 1982

list[97]

Romelu Lukaku♦#

 Belgium

10

0.50

2014, 2018

list[98]

Ivan Perišić#

 Croatia

10

0.50

2014, 2018

list[48][99]

Raúl

 Spain

11

0.45

1998, 2002, 2006

list[100]

Garrincha

 Brazil

12

0.42

(1958), 1962, 1966

[101]

Johan Neeskens

 Netherlands

12

0.42

1974, (1978)

[102]

Fernando Hierro

 Spain

12

0.42

[1990], 1994, 1998, 2002

list[103]

Zinedine Zidane

 France

12

0.42

1998, (2002), 2006

[104]

Landon Donovan♦

 United States

12

0.42

2002, (2006), 2010

list[105]

Henrik Larsson♦

 Sweden

13

0.38

1994, 2002, 2006

list[106]

Michel Platini

 France

14

0.36

1978, 1982, 1986

[107]

Zico

 Brazil

14

0.36

1978, 1982, (1986)

[108]

Gonzalo Higuaín#

 Argentina

14

0.36

2010, 2014, (2018)

list[109][110]

Edinson Cavani#

 Uruguay

14

0.36

2010, 2014, 2018

list[48][111]

Lukas Podolski

 Germany

15

0.33

2006, 2010, (2014)

list[112]

Franz Beckenbauer

 West Germany

18

0.28

1966, 1970, (1974)

list[113]

text: Timeline[edit]

text:
Progressive list of footballers that have held the record for most goals scored at the FIFA World Cup final tournaments

Goals

Date

Player

Team

Match

Opponent

Previous goals

Ref

1

July 13, 1930

Lucien Laurent

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

N/A

[nb 6]

Bart McGhee

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Marcel Langiller

 France

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

Tom Florie

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Belgium

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 Belgium

Juan Carreño

 Mexico

 1930 – Group stage

 France

2

André Maschinot

 France

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

July 16, 1930

Carlos Vidal

 Chile

 1930 – Group stage

 Mexico

1930 vs Mexico

[116]

July 17, 1930

Ivan Bek

 Yugoslavia

 1930 – Group stage

 Bolivia

1930 vs Brazil

[117]

3

Bert Patenaude

 United States

 1930 – Group stage

 Paraguay

1930 vs Belgium, Paraguay

[118]

4

July 22, 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

 1930 – Group stage

 Chile

1930 vs Mexico (3)

[119]

5

6

July 26, 1930

 1930 – Semi-final

 United States

7

8

July 30, 1930

 1930 – Final

 Uruguay

June 19, 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

 1938 – 3rd place

 Sweden

1934 vs Spain1938 vs Poland (3), Czechoslovakia, Czechoslovakia, Sweden (2)

[120]

July 13, 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

 1950 – Final round

 Spain

1950 vs Mexico (2), Yugoslavia, Sweden (3), Spain

[37]

June 27, 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

 1954 – Quarter-final

 Brazil

1954 vs South Korea (3), West Germany (4)

[121]

9

10

June 30, 1954

 1954 – Semi-final

 Uruguay

11

June 28, 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

 1958 – 3rd place

 West Germany

1958 vs Paraguay (3), Yugoslavia (2), Scotland, Northern Ireland (2), Brazil, West Germany

[122]

12

13

July 3, 1974

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

 1974 – Second round

 Poland

1970 vs Morocco, Bulgaria (3), Peru (3), England, Italy (2) 1974 vs Australia, Yugoslavia

[11]

14

July 7, 1974

 1974 – Final

 Netherlands

June 22, 2006

Ronaldo

 Brazil

 2006 – Group stage

 Japan

1998 vs Morocco, Chile (2), Netherlands  2002 vs Turkey, China, Costa Rica (2), Belgium, Turkey, Germany (2)  2006 vs Japan

[123]

15

June 27, 2006

 2006 – Round of 16

 Ghana

June 21, 2014

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

 2014 – Group stage

 Ghana

2002 vs Saudi Arabia (3), Ireland, Cameroon  2006 vs Costa Rica (2), Ecuador (2), Argentina  2010 vs Australia, England, Argentina (2)

[124]

16

July 8, 2014

 2014 – Semi-final

 Brazil

text: Top goalscorers for each tournament[edit]

text:
Top goalscorers at each FIFA World Cup final tournament[125][126][127]

World Cup

Player

Team

Goals scored

Matches played

Golden Boot

Other FIFA Awards

 Uruguay 1930

Guillermo Stábile

 Argentina

8

4

Silver Ball

 Italy 1934

Oldřich Nejedlý

 Czechoslovakia

5

4

Bronze Ball

 France 1938

Leônidas

 Brazil

7

5

Golden Ball

 Brazil 1950

Ademir

 Brazil

8

6

Bronze Ball

  Switzerland 1954

Sándor Kocsis

 Hungary

11

5

Silver Ball

 Sweden 1958

Just Fontaine

 France

13

6

Bronze Ball

 Chile 1962

Garrincha

 Brazil

4

6

Golden Ball

Vavá

 Brazil

6

Leonel Sánchez

 Chile

6

Bronze Ball

Flórián Albert

 Hungary

4

Best Young Player

Valentin Ivanov

 Soviet Union

4

Dražan Jerković

 Yugoslavia

6

 England 1966

Eusébio

 Portugal

9

6

Bronze Ball

 Mexico 1970

Gerd Müller

 West Germany

10

6

Best Young Player, Bronze Ball

 West Germany 1974

Grzegorz Lato

 Poland

7

7

 Argentina 1978

Mario Kempes

 Argentina

6

7

Golden Ball

 Spain 1982

Paolo Rossi

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 Mexico 1986

Gary Lineker

 England

6

5

 Italy 1990

Salvatore Schillaci

 Italy

6

7

Golden Ball

 USA 1994

Hristo Stoichkov

 Bulgaria

6

7

Bronze Ball

Oleg Salenko

 Russia

3

 France 1998

Davor Šuker

 Croatia

6

7

Silver Ball

 South Korea and Japan 2002

Ronaldo

 Brazil

8

7

Silver Ball

 Germany 2006

Miroslav Klose

 Germany

5

7

 South Africa 2010

Thomas Müller

 Germany

5

6

Best Young Player

David Villa

 Spain

7

Silver Boot, Bronze Ball

Wesley Sneijder

 Netherlands

7

Bronze Boot, Silver Ball

Diego Forlán

 Uruguay

7

Golden Ball

 Brazil 2014

James Rodríguez

 Colombia

6

5

 Russia 2018

Harry Kane

 England

6

6