document_title: Strong Interest Inventory

question_text: one of the strengths of the strong interest inventory is it

text: Strong Interest Inventory

text: Background and history[edit]

text: Before he created the inventory, Strong was the head of the Bureau of Educational Research at the Carnegie Institute of Technology. Strong attended a seminar at the Carnegie Institute of Technology where a man by the name of Clarence S. Yoakum introduced the use of questionnaires in differentiating between people of various occupations. This later sparked Strong's interest in developing a better way of measuring people's occupational interests.[8] Starting off as the "Strong Vocational Interest Blank", the name changed when the test was revised in 1974 to the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory. Today we call it the Strong Interest Inventory.[8][10] The inventory has been revised six times over the years to reflect continued development in the field.[8]

text: Strong based his empirical approach on the idea that interests were on a dimension of liking to disliking that could be used to discriminate among various occupational groups.[8] In other words, Strong developed several scales that contrasted groups of people, based on their answers. This method of scaling, developed by Strong, has been very influential and has been used in several different questionnaires, including the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI).[8]

text: Strong's original Inventory had 10 occupational scales. The original Inventory was created with men in mind, so in 1933 Strong came out with a women's form of the Strong Vocational Blank. In 1974 when the Strong-Campbell Interest Inventory came out, Campbell had combined both the men's and the women's forms into a single form. Other improvements that Campbell made to earlier versions include: the use of 124 occupational scales, the continued use of 23 Basic Interest Scales, and the addition of 2 special scales to measure academic comfort and introversion/extroversion dimensions.[8]

text: The Strong Interest Inventory is high in both predictive and concurrent validity.[8]

text: Components[edit]

text: The newly revised inventory consists of 291 items that measure an individual's interest in six areas:[9]

text:
Area

Number of Questions in Each Area

Occupations

107

Subject Areas

46

Activities

85

Leisure Activities

28

People

16

Your Characteristics

9

text: The first 282 items are answered by the examinee choosing one of the following options: "strongly like", "like", "indifferent", "dislike", or "strongly dislike" while the remaining 9 items in the "Your Characteristics" section are answered the same way but with different options including: "strongly like me", "like me", "don’t know", "unlike me", or "strongly unlike me".[9] It is an assessment of interests, and not to be confused with personality assessments or aptitude test.

text: Scoring[edit]

text: The newly revised version of this test can typically be taken in 30–45 minutes after which the results must be scored by computer. After scoring, an individual can then view how their personal interests compare with the interests of people in a specific career field.  Access to the comparison database and interpretation of the results usually incurs a fee.

text: Strong Interest Inventory is a registered trademark of CPP, Inc. of Mountain View, California.[10]

text: The results include:

text:
Scores on the level of interest on each of the six Holland Codes or General Occupational Themes (GOTs).
The six GOTs include: Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC).[2][10]
Scores on 30 Basic Interest Scales (e.g. art, science, and public speaking)
Scores on 244 Occupational Scales which indicate the similarity between the respondent's interests and those of people working in each of the 122 occupations.
Scores on 5 Personal Style Scales (learning, working, leadership, risk-taking and team orientation).
Scores on 3 Administrative Scales used to identify test errors or unusual profiles.

text: Interpretation[edit]

text: When an individual takes and completes the assessment, the resulting data is reflected by scores in each of the six General Occupational Themes (GOTs) or interest areas, including Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC).[2][10] Typically, a Theme Code that reflects the top three RIASEC interest areas is reported.[10] For some individuals, however, only one or two RIASEC interest areas may be reported, this being the case if their scores in the five remaining interest areas are not considered high enough or significant enough to be identified as major interest areas.[10]

text: The RIASEC GOT interest area results for any particular individual can be correlated or not correlated, differentiated or undifferentiated.[11][12] As an example, in his 1998 case study of Ms. Flood, Jeffrey R. Prince reported in the Career Development Quarterly, 46, "Environments that are purely Artistic usually reflect values of independence and self-expression through loosely structured activities, whereas Enterprising environments frequently include organizational structures that value status."[2] Ms. Flood's RIASEC results reflected that her main GOT occupational theme code was AE, with S as a possible third theme code, but at a lower intensity.[2] In this case, and according to Holland's RIASEC Hexagon,[10] these theme codes may not be entirely congruent, correlated, or undifferentiated with Ms. Flood's interests. Theme codes that fall closer in proximity to each other on Holland's RIASEC hexagon are those that generally reflect greater congruence, correlation, and undifferentiation.[10] Therefore, Ms. Flood may experience some psychological challenges[12] in trying to integrate her interests related the Artistic and Enterprising theme codes into her work because those interest areas are not considered to be highly correlated.[2] Ms. Flood would benefit from working in careers and occupations that support her main GOTs of Artistic and Enterprising, with some Social component.[2]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Jan Case from Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center and Terry L. Blackwell from Montana State University-Billings did a study in 2008, published in Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 51. It came to favorable conclusions about the inventory:[9]

text: The Strong Interest Inventory's qualitative features (including the design of the test booklets, quality and clarity of its contents, durability, appropriateness for the test-takers, and supportive interpretation materials) and its psychometric characteristics continue to distinguish this instrument as a standard of excellence...the Strong continues to set the standard for vocational interest inventories. It has proven reliability and validity properties. Furthermore, the developers have continued to strive for improvements and innovations in this inventory. Career counselors, psychologists, and others using the Strong will find they have an instrument that is methodologically sophisticated and that will provide clients with much information to ponder along with the resources with which make reasoned career decisions.

text: Many of the jobs that the Strong Interest Inventory predict, did not exist prior to the latest version. Because of this fact, the test is constantly being updated as new jobs are created and technology advances.


document_title: Santo Domingo

question_text: where does the name santo domingo come from

question_tokens: where does the name santo domingo come from

root

text: Santo Domingo

text: History[edit]

text: Prior to the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, the native Taíno people populated the island which they called Quisqueya (mother of all lands) and Ayiti (land of high mountains), and which Columbus later named Hispaniola, including the territory of today's Republic of Haiti. At the time, the island's territory consisted of five chiefdoms: Marién, Maguá, Maguana, Jaragua, and Higüey.[8] These were ruled respectively by caciques (chiefs) Guacanagarix, Guarionex, Caonabo, Bohechío, and Cayacoa.

tag: p

text: Dating from 1496, when the Spanish settled on the island, and officially from 5 August 1498, Santo Domingo became the oldest European city in the Americas. Bartholomew Columbus founded the settlement and named it La Nueva Isabela, after an earlier settlement in the north named after the Queen of Spain Isabella I.[9] In 1495 it was renamed "Santo Domingo", in honor of Saint Dominic. Santo Domingo came to be known as the "Gateway to the Caribbean" and the chief town in Hispaniola from then on.[10] Expeditions which led to Ponce de León's colonization of Puerto Rico, Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar's colonization of Cuba, Hernando Cortes' conquest of Mexico, and Vasco Núñez de Balboa's sighting of the Pacific Ocean were all launched from Santo Domingo.

text: In June 1502,[11] Santo Domingo was destroyed by a major hurricane, and the new Governor Nicolás de Ovando had it rebuilt on a different site on the other side of the Ozama River.[12][13] The original layout of the city and a large portion of its defensive wall can still be appreciated today throughout the Colonial Zone, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

text: Diego Colon arrived in 1509, assuming the powers of Viceroy and admiral. In 1512, Ferdinand established a Real Audiencia with Juan Ortiz de Matienzo, Marcelo de Villalobos, and Lucas Vazquez de Ayllon appointed as judges of appeal. In 1514, Pedro Ibanez de Ibarra arrived with the Laws of Burgos. Rodrigo de Alburquerque was named repartidor de indios and soon named visitadores to enforce the laws.[13]:143–144,147

text: In 1586, Francis Drake captured the city and held it for ransom.[14] Drake's invasion signaled the decline of Spanish dominion over Hispaniola, which was accentuated in the early 17th century by policies that resulted in the depopulation of most of the island outside of the capital. An expedition sent by Oliver Cromwell in 1655 attacked the city of Santo Domingo, but was defeated. The English troops withdrew and took the less guarded colony of Jamaica, instead.[15] In 1697, the Treaty of Ryswick included the acknowledgement by Spain of France's dominion over the Western third of the island, now Haiti.

text: From 1795 to 1822 the city changed hands several times along with the colony it headed. The city was ceded to France in 1795 after years of struggles, it was briefly captured by Haitian rebels in 1801, recovered by France in 1802, and was once again reclaimed by Spain in 1809. In 1821 Santo Domingo became the capital of an independent nation after the Criollo bourgeois within the country, led by José Núñez de Cáceres, overthrew the Spanish crown. The nation was unified with Haiti just two months later. The city and the colony lost much of their Spanish-born peninsular population as a result of these events which caused a great deal of instability and unrest.[14][16][17]

text: On 27 February 1844 Santo Domingo was again the capital of a free nation, when it gained its independence from Haiti, led by Dominican nationalist Juan Pablo Duarte. The city was a prize fought over by various political factions over the succeeding decades of instability. In addition, the country had to fight multiple battles with Haiti; the Battle of 19 March, Battle of 30 March, Battle of Las Carreras, and Battle of Beler, are a few of the most prominent encounters, mentioned in the national anthem and with city streets named after them.[18] In 1861 Spain returned to the country, having struck a bargain with Dominican dictator Pedro Santana whereby the latter was granted several honorific titles and privileges, in exchange for annexing the young nation back to Spanish rule. The Dominican Restoration War began in 1863 however, and in 1865 the country was free again after Spain withdrew.

text: Over the next two-thirds of a century Santo Domingo and the Dominican Republic went through many revolutions, power changes, and occupation by the United States, 1916–24. The city was struck by hurricane San Zenón in 1930, which caused major damage.[19] After its rebuilding, Santo Domingo was known officially as Ciudad Trujillo in honor of dictator Rafael Leónidas Trujillo, who governed from 1930. Following his assassination in 1961 the city was renamed back to Santo Domingo. It was the scene of street fighting during the 1965 United States occupation of the Dominican Republic.

text: The year 1992 marked the 500th anniversary, El Quinto Centenario, of Christopher Columbus' Discovery of America. The Columbus Lighthouse – Faro a Colón – was erected in Santo Domingo in honor of this occasion, with an approximate cost of 400 million Dominican pesos.[20]

text: Geography[edit]

text: The Ozama river flows 148 kilometres (92 miles) before emptying into the Caribbean Sea. Santo Domingo's position on its banks was of great importance to the city's economic development and the growth of trade during colonial times. The Ozama River is where the country's busiest port is located.

text: Climate[edit]

text: The average temperature in Santo Domingo varies little, because the tropical trade winds help mitigate the heat and humidity throughout the year. Thanks to these trade winds, Santo Domingo has a tropical climate but seldom experiences the heat that one may expect to find. December through March are the coolest months with hot days with less humidity and fresh nights (temperatures of 17 to 19 °C (63 to 66 °F)). July through September are the warmest. Santo Domingo averages 1,445 millimetres (56.9 in) of rain annually. Its driest months are from November through April, however, due to the trade winds and mountains to the southwest, rain is seen even during these months. Because its driest month is just below 60 millimetres (2.4 in), Santo Domingo falls under the tropical monsoon climate category under the Köppen climate classification. Like many other cities in the Caribbean, Santo Domingo is very susceptible to hurricanes. Hurricane Georges caused severe destruction in September 1998. The lowest recorded temperature has been 11.0 °C (51.8 °F) on 5 February 1951 and 7 January 1957 and the highest is 39.5 °C (103.1 °F) on 29 May 2002.[21]

text:
Climate data for Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (1961–1990, extremes 1909–present)

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °C (°F)
34.4
(93.9)
33.9
(93)
36.0
(96.8)
37.0
(98.6)
39.5
(103.1)
37.2
(99)
37.8
(100)
38.8
(101.8)
36.7
(98.1)
38.8
(101.8)
35.0
(95)
33.5
(92.3)
39.5
(103.1)

Average high °C (°F)
29.2
(84.6)
29.2
(84.6)
29.6
(85.3)
30.2
(86.4)
30.4
(86.7)
30.8
(87.4)
31.3
(88.3)
31.5
(88.7)
31.4
(88.5)
31.1
(88)
30.6
(87.1)
29.6
(85.3)
30.4
(86.7)

Daily mean °C (°F)
24.4
(75.9)
24.4
(75.9)
24.9
(76.8)
25.6
(78.1)
26.3
(79.3)
26.9
(80.4)
27.0
(80.6)
27.1
(80.8)
27.0
(80.6)
26.7
(80.1)
26.0
(78.8)
24.9
(76.8)
25.9
(78.6)

Average low °C (°F)
19.6
(67.3)
19.7
(67.5)
20.2
(68.4)
21.1
(70)
22.2
(72)
22.9
(73.2)
22.8
(73)
22.7
(72.9)
22.7
(72.9)
22.3
(72.1)
21.4
(70.5)
20.3
(68.5)
21.5
(70.7)

Record low °C (°F)
11.0
(51.8)
11.0
(51.8)
13.3
(55.9)
15.5
(59.9)
16.5
(61.7)
18.6
(65.5)
18.2
(64.8)
18.0
(64.4)
18.0
(64.4)
17.0
(62.6)
17.0
(62.6)
13.0
(55.4)
11.0
(51.8)

Average rainfall mm (inches)
63.0
(2.48)
56.8
(2.236)
53.8
(2.118)
71.9
(2.831)
187.7
(7.39)
140.1
(5.516)
144.6
(5.693)
177.4
(6.984)
180.9
(7.122)
186.8
(7.354)
99.8
(3.929)
84.3
(3.319)
1,447.1
(56.972)

Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)
7.2
5.9
6.1
6.5
10.8
10.1
11.3
11.8
11.3
12.7
9.2
8.6
111.5

Average relative humidity (%)
82.5
80.8
79.3
78.8
82.5
83.7
83.8
84.6
85.1
85.7
84.2
83.3
82.9

Mean monthly sunshine hours
229.6
230.5
258.4
253.3
244.2
234.7
229.6
237.7
222.7
207.9
218.8
205.7
2,773.1

Source #1: NOAA[22]

Source #2: Diario Libre (May record high, and record lows for January and February),[21] Meteo Climat (record highs and lows)[23]

tag: table

text: Cityscape[edit]

text: Architecture[edit]

text: Many of Santo Domingo's most notable landmarks are located within the Zona Colonial district of the city, a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1990. The Colonial Zone, bordered by the Río Ozama, also has an impressive collection of early 16th century buildings, including palatial houses and majestic churches that reflect the architectural style of the late Middle Ages.

text: The city's most important historical buildings include the Catedral Santa María La Menor, called La Catedral Primada de América, America's First Cathedral, which states its distinction; the Alcázar de Colón, America's first castle, once the residence of Viceroy of the Indies Don Diego Colón, a son of Christopher Columbus; the Monasterio de San Francisco, the ruins of the first monastery in the Americas; the Museo de las Casas Reales, in a monumental complex that includes the former Palace of the Governors and the building of the former Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo; the Fortaleza Ozama, the oldest fortress in the Americas; the Pantéon Nacional, a former Jesuit edifice now hosting the remains of various renowned Dominicans; and the Dominican Convent, the first convent in the Americas.

text: On the north end of Calle Las Damas, the restored and expanded Plaza de España is bordered by Las Atarazanas (former naval yard, now a museum) and a number of small shops and restaurants. This area was the first European commercial center in the Americas, and is still a hub of activity today. The Alcázar de Colón, having once been the colonial palace of the Columbus family—beginning with his son Diego – is now a museum displaying period furniture and decorations. The building was originally built in 1510, and restored to its current appearance in 1952.

text: A 700 million US dollar investment was made in the Port of the Ozama river adjacent to the Ciudad Colonial aiming to turn Santo Domingo into a port of call for luxury cruise ships and including a privately owned marina. The project is being completed by Sans Soucí Ports S.A.

text: Neighborhoods[edit]

text: The city proper of Santo Domingo is subdivided into incorporated areas (neighbourhoods) called sectores which could be considered as small urban towns. All sectores are serviced directly by the municipal mayor's office.

text: Sector regions:

text:
Ciudad (city) – applies to the original older parts of town, many of which date back to the colonial times.
Ensanche (lit. "widening") – usually, but not always, applied to the more "modern" parts of the city.
Villa (village) – the urban outskirts of both the old city of Santo Domingo and the current (smaller) National District; originally they were separate villages, hence their names.

tag: ul

text: Population[edit]

text: The demographics of Santo Domingo are similar to other metropolitan areas of the country, except that the population of immigrants (mainly Haitians) is larger in the city because of the relative ease of finding work and the economic dynamism compared to other provinces. Santo Domingo, like most of the country, is made up of native-born Dominican mulattos, though there are large numbers of Afro-Dominicans and Euro-Dominicans, as well as a large immigrant community. In fact, over 20% of the city's population is immigrants, mainly Haitians. However, there are also recent immigrants from Europe, Asia, as well as other Latin American nations present in the city. The city of Santo Domingo has a significant community of Asians (mainly Chinese), Arabs (mostly Lebanese), and Europeans (mostly Spanish and Italian people) are also present in the city. There are also significant numbers of Venezuelans and Puerto Ricans, in the city, as well as US born Dominicans returning to their parents' home country. The northeast quadrant of the city is the poorest while the southwest is wealthier. Santo Domingo is also considered one of the epicenters of the growing Dominican middle-class. The city is one of the most economically developed cities in Latin America. Santo Domingo's population in 2010 was 3.8 million in the metropolitan area.

text: Government and politics[edit]

text: Santo Domingo is the center of the national government of the Dominican Republic. The President's office and ministries, National Congress, Supreme Court of Justice, and other main government institutions are located in the metropolitan area.

text: The city is administered by the Ayuntamiento del Distrito Nacional (City Hall), which is responsible for municipal functions.[24] The current mayor of Santo Domingo is David Collado.

text: The "Policía Nacional" (National Police) and "Policia Turística" (Tourist Police) (POLITUR) are tasked with enforcing city safety.

text: Economy[edit]

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The city is the center of economic activity in the Dominican Republic. It is where most of the country's wealth is concentrated and the seat of the national legislature, judicial, and executive government. Many national and international firms have their headquarters or regional offices in Santo Domingo. The city attracts many international firms and franchises such as Ikea, Goldcorp and Barrick due to its location and economic stability.

text: The infrastructure is suitable for most business operations. A key element that has helped the city grow and compete globally is the telecommunications infrastructure. Santo Domingo and the Dominican Republic as whole enjoy a modern and extensive telecommunications system liberalized in the late 1990s which has benefited from extensive foreign investment. This has attracted numerous call centers in recent years. Santo Domingo not only has an excellent telecommunications infrastructure but also a sizeable bilingual population that speaks English.

text: The city's economic growth can be witnessed in the extensive vertical growth experienced across many of its neighborhoods. The construction boom is reflected in the many high density residential towers, shopping malls, elevated highways, the metro expansion and overall increase in commercial activity.

text: Santo Domingo has a thriving middle class contrasting with the significant pockets of poverty that remain as challenges for the future. Marginalized slum conditions exist mostly in the northeast quadrant of the city with smaller pockets extending across the city. Areas of extensive development include the Poligono Central, which is bordered by the Avenida John F. Kennedy northward 27 February Avenue south, Avenida Winston Churchill to the west and Avenida Máximo Gómez to the east, and is characterized by its mixed development and its very active nightlife.

text: Santo Domingo has areas of high development, among them Serralles, Naco, Arroyo Hondo, Piantini, Urb Fernandez, Ens. Julieta, Paraiso, Los Prados, Bella Vista, Sarasota and other sectors, where most of the middle class can be found.

text: Bella Vista and La Esperilla are currently the fastest growing sectors with large mega -projects. Gazcue belongs to the more traditional southeastern area of the city and is known for its buildings dating from the 1930s to the 1960s.

text: Commercial centers[edit]

text:
Acropolis Center
Ágora Mall
Bella Vista Mall
Blue Mall
Carrefour
Diamond Mall
Downtown Center
Galería 360
IKEA

Silver Sun Gallery
Malecon Center
Novo-Centro
Plaza Central
Plaza Lama
Plaza Las Américas
Plaza Naco
Sambil Santo Domingo

text: Culture[edit]

text: The performing arts are very important in Santo Domingo. The city has its own symphonic orchestra, chamber orchestra, opera company, ballet company, folkloric company, and national theater, including a number of smaller groups. The Plaza of culture is the center of activity, but there are concerts, ballet, folklore, and other performances throughout the city. Casa de Teatro is the gathering place of avant garde artists, actors, and musicians. It stages art and literature exhibitions and offers painting, drama, and dancing courses and monthly contests for poetry, short stories, and other forms of literature.

text: Santo Domingo is the location of numerous museums, many of which are located in the Zona Colonial district.[20] In the Zona Colonial is the Museum of Alcázar, in Diego Colon's restored palace,[25] the Museum of the Casas Reales, with artefacts of the colonial period and a collection of ancient weapons donated by Trujillo,[26] the Naval Museum of the Atarazanas, in the former naval yards, Museo de la Catedral, Museo Memorial de la Resistencia Dominicana, documenting the struggle for freedom during the regimes of Trujillo and Balaguer, Museo Duarte, dedicated to the hero of Dominican independence, and the World of Ambar Museum.

text: Plaza de la Cultura also houses the city's most important cultural venues, including the Teatro Nacional (National Theater) and various museums; the Palacio Nacional, which houses the Presidency of the Dominican Republic; the Palacio de Bellas Artes (Palace of Fine Arts), a neoclassical building that is the permanent home of the country's National Symphony Orchestra; and the Boulevard 27 de Febrero, a pedestrian promenade located on the busy Avenida 27 de Febrero, which displays works of art from prominent Dominican artists and sculptors. Another attraction is the Centro Olímpico Juan Pablo Duarte, a sports complex in the center of Santo Domingo. This complex was used during the 2003 Pan American Games.

text: In the Plaza de la Cultura are the Museum of the Dominican Man, with artifacts from the pre-Columbian Taíno civilization, the National Museum of History and Geography, the Museum of Natural History and the Museum of Modern Art. Other museums include the Museo Bellapart, a prominent private collection of 19th- and 20th-Century Dominican painting and sculpture and the Museo Prehispanico, a major private collection of pre-Columbian Taíno art.[27]

text: Parks and recreational areas[edit]

text: The city has various parks, many of which are relatively large. Santo Domingo (D.N) is surrounded by the Santo Domingo Greenbelt. Mirador Norte Park lies in the north of the city, close to Villa Mella and Mirador Sur Park is located in the southwest section of the city. Mirador del Este is located on the East bank of the Ozama river and it is the seat of the Columbus Lighthouse. Independencia Park and Colón Park are located in Zona Colonial.

text: Other notable parks include:

text:
Parque Enriquillo
Parque Independencia
Parque Metropolitano Las Praderas
El Malecón
Jardín Botánico Nacional
Parque Zoológico Nacional
Barrio Chino de Santo Domingo
Parque Núñez de Cáceres
Parque Iberoamérica

text: Health[edit]

text:
Private:

Diagnostic Center, Advanced Medicine and Telemedicine (CEDIMAT)
Center for Advanced Medicine Dr. Abel González
Advanced Ophthalmology Center and Laser Surgery
Medical Center Gonzalez Alcantara
West Indian Medical Center
Medical Center Corominas Pepin
Caribbean Medical Center
Dominican Medical Center
Medical Center Dominican- Cuban
Medical Center Dr. Seaton
Medical Center Gazcue
Modern Medical Center
Real Medical Center
Cross Medical Centre Richardson
UCE Medical Center
Odont Medical Center . Amer . Centrodom -Don Bosco
Odont Medical Center . Amer . Centrodom — Paradise
Abreu Clinic
United Hearts Clinic
Patiño Gómez Clinic
Clinic Independence
Rodríguez Santos Clinic
San Rafael Clinic
San Martin Medical Group
Health services Dominicans

Public:

Central Hospital Armed Forces
Billini Father Teaching Hospital
Dr. Francisco Moscoso Puello Hospital
Hospital Dr. Luis E. Aybar (Morgan)
Hospital Infantil Dr. Robert Reid Cabral
Vargas jimenez dental center
Hospital Dario Contreras

Nonprofit:

Centro de Ortopedia y Especialidades CURE International
Dr. Cruz Jiminián Clinic
General Hospital Health Plaza
Dermatology Institute and Skin Surgery Dr. Hubert Bogaert Díaz
Dominican Institute of Cardiology
Institute of Oncology Dr. Heriberto Pieter

text: Education[edit]

text: There are eighteen universities in Santo Domingo, the highest number of any city in the Dominican Republic. Established in 1538, the Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (UASD) is the oldest university in the Americas and is also the only public university in the city.[28][29] Santo Domingo holds the nation's highest percentage of residents with a higher education degree.[citation needed]

text: Other universities include:

text:
Universidad Adventista Dominicana (UNAD)
Universidad APEC (UNAPEC)
Instituto Tecnológico de Santo Domingo (INTEC)
Universidad del Caribe (UNICARIBE)
Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) (UNIBE)
Universidad Católica Santo Domingo (UCSD)
Universidad de la Tercera Edad (UTE)
Universidad Tecnológica de Santiago (UTESA)
Universidad Nacional Pedro Henríquez Ureña (UNPHU)
Instituto de Ciencias Exactas (INCE)
Universidad Organización y Método (O&M)
Universidad Interamericana (UNICA)
Universidad Eugenio María de Hostos (UNIREMOS)
Universidad Francisco Henríquez y Carvajal (UFHEC)
Universidad Instituto Cultural Domínico Americano (UNICDA)
Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM)
Universidad de Psicologia Industrial Dominicana (UPID)

text: Transportation[edit]

text: Roads and highways[edit]

text: Santo Domingo is the terminus for four of the five national highways. The city is connected to the southwest of the country by the national highway DR-2 (Avenida George Washington and Autopista 30 de Mayo), and with the cities of the country's northwest by DR-1 (Expreso Kennedy, Corredor Duarte), which serves as a direct link to the city of Santiago de los Caballeros. DR-3 (Expreso 27 de Febrero/Autopista de Las Américas) connects Santo Domingo directly to the east of the country, including the cities of San Pedro de Macorís, La Romana, and major tourist sites such as Punta Cana and Bávaro, and to the Samaná Province (in the northeast) via the Samana Highway. In the city, motoconchos (motorcycle taxis), guaguas/voladoras (low quality public buses), and carros públicos/conchos (shared taxis) are common modes of transport.

text: Main avenues[edit]

text: Expreso John F. Kennedy: This expressway crosses the National District from east to west in the north-central part. The Avenue consists of a total of ten lanes, five on each side. The two center lanes of the road are express lanes to facilitate transit. It also has several bypasses and elevated crossings.

text: Avenida 27 de Febrero: It is the main avenue to cross the National District from east to west in the central part of Santo Domingo. It starts at the Juan Bosch bridge and crosses the entire city until the roundabout at the Plaza de la Bandera, which extends into the town of Santo Domingo West and ends on the Duarte Highway. The thoroughfare is composed of a total of ten lanes. Five on each side. The four lanes in the center of the avenue are express that facilitate transit in the city from east to west, with several elevated cross streets, overpasses and tunnels. It also has exclusive bus lanes.

text: Avenida Simón Bolívar: It extends from Independence Park to the junction with the Avenue Winston Churchill. In its entirety, this avenue is composed of two local lanes one-way east- west.

text: Avenida Independencia: It extends from the intersection with Avenida Gregorio Luperón to Independence Park. The avenue consists of a total of four lanes (two eastbound and two westbound ) from crossing with Av G. Luperon to the intersection of Avenida Italia . From the junction with Av Italy until Independence Park Avenue becomes one-way eastbound and contains only two lanes.

text: Avenida George Washington: It is colloquially referred as "El Malecón" This is Santo Domingo's Maritime Boulevard, running alongside the Caribbean sea's waterfront. It extends from Palo Hincado Street to the intersection with Abraham Lincoln Avenue; from that point to the Haina River Highway 30 May extends also includes President Billini Walk, which starts in Palo Hincado street and joins the Avenida del Puerto along the western bank of the Ozama River. Throughout its entire length it is composed of four lanes (two on each side). On this Boulevard you will find the most exclusive hotels in the city, several casinos, the mixed business and residential high rise complex Malecón Center, the Obelisk and Eugenio María de Hostos' Park. This is also the Boulevard where the Santo Domingo Carnival parade takes place.

text: Avenida Winston Churchill: It extends from Kennedy Avenue to Avenida 27 de Febrero, from there on, it continues as Avenida Jimenez Moya to reach the Centro de los Heroes and finally the boardwalk. This thoroughfare is distinguished by its date palms that are planted on the sidewalks . Throughout its length the road is composed of six lanes (three on each side) and a large wooded median popularly known as Boulevard de la Churchill ("Churchill's Boulevard") and within this lies the Boulevard of the Stars.

text: Avenida Abraham Lincoln: extends from Avenida Kennedy to the seawall. The route consists of six lanes (three on each side) and a median suitable for jogging laid with palm trees. It traverses the city's commercial and leisure city centre.

text: Avenida José Ortega y Gasset: It extends from the Paseo de los Reyes Católicos Avenue until 27 de Febrero. The avenue consists of four lanes, two on each side. Along this avenue lies the Centro Olímpico Juan Pablo Duarte athletic complex and the Hospital General de la Plaza de la Salud medical complex.

text: Avenida Tiradentes: It extends from the jetty in the south, through the state's university Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo. It extends to the north along Avenida 27 de Febrero, John F. Kennedy, and continuing north past the city's baseball stadium Estadio Quisqueya until it reaches the Parque Zoológico Nacional National Zoo.

text: Avenida Gregorio Luperón: It extends from Kennedy Avenue to Highway 30 May on the western edge of Santo Domingo. The thoroughfare consists of eight lanes, four on each side and a landscaped median. Local attractions located on this strip includes Gallístico Center Herrera Industrial Zone, and the Plaza de la Bandera.

text: Avenida Máximo Gómez y Báez: The city's main south-north avenue, it extends from the Malecón to the Presidente Peynado bridge. The boulevard consists of four lanes, two on each side. Major buildings and points of interest along this boulevard are: the National Cemetery, Plaza de la Cultura which houses the National Theatre and the Palace of Fine Arts. There are also two universities (UNAPEC and UTESA), as well as the headquarters of the People's Bank and five star hotel "Hotel Barceló Santo Domingo".

text: Avenida Juan Pablo Duarte: It extends from the intersection of Avenida Paseo and Martyrs of the Catholic Monarchs to Calle Padre Billini in the Colonial Zone . The avenue consists of three lanes on a road north-south direction becomes one lane to enter the Colonial Zone . This avenue is the main commerce route for low-income people throughout the metropolitan area with department stores, restaurants, and shops that offer goods and services at modest prices . In "Duarte" (as popularly known) you can find the New Market, the Enriquillo Park, Duarte Commercial Square and Santo Domingo's Chinatown.

text: Avenida Nicolás de Ovando y Cáceres: Is located on the northern part of Santo Domingo starting at the roundabout Cristo Rey sector and corner with Ortega y Gasset, Máximo Gómez, Arbert Duarte and Thomas avenues, among others; culminating in the sector of Simón Bolívar . This avenue is characterized by many businesses that sell auto parts .

text: Public transportation[edit]

text: Santo Domingo has an underground and elevated rapid transit metro system. It is the most extensive metro in the Caribbean and Central American region by total length and number of stations.[30] The Santo Domingo Metro is part of a major "National Master Plan" to improve transportation in the city as well as the rest of the nation. The first line was planned to relieve traffic congestion in the Máximo Gómez and Hermanas Mirabal Avenue. The second line, which opened in April 2013, is meant to relieve the congestion along the Duarte-Kennedy-Centenario Corridor in the city from west to east. As of August 2013, the metro consists of these two lines. Four more lines are planned to be constructed in the near future, for a total of six. Before the opening of the second line, 30,856,515 passengers rode the Santo Domingo Metro in 2012. According to government figures more than 250,000 people ride the 28 kilometer system on a daily basis. [31]

text: Airports[edit]

text: Santo Domingo is served by two airports. Aeropuerto Internacional La Isabela a newly constructed airport located in the northern section of the city, within kilometres of the city center. It serves mostly domestic and charter flights. The major international airport that serves the city is Santo Domingo Las Americas, which serves North and South America and also Europe.

text: Seaport[edit]

text: The Port of Santo Domingo is located on the Ozama River. Its location at the center of the Caribbean is well suited for flexible itinerary planning and has excellent support, road and airport infrastructure within the Santo Domingo region, which facilitate access and transfers. The port is suitable for both turnaround and transit calls.

text: The port's renovation is part of a major redevelopment project, aimed at integrating the port area and the Zona Colonial and foster a cruise, yacht, and high-end tourism destination. Supported by legislation approved in 2005, the project, developed by the Sans Souci Group, also includes the development of a new sports marina and a 122-acre (0.49 km2) mixed-leisure real estate development adjacent to the port.

text: Sports[edit]

text: Baseball[edit]

text: Baseball is the most popular sport in the country. Santo Domingo is home to two of the six teams in the Dominican Professional Baseball League.

text:
Tigres del Licey, founded in 1907, have won 22 national championships since 1951. It is the most senior national team, winning 10 Caribbean Series titles as well.
Leones del Escogido, founded in 1921, are winners of 15 national championships since 1951. It is the third team with the most championships won. The team has 4 titles won in the Caribbean Series.

text: These two teams are based in the Estadio Quisqueya Juan Marichal located in Ensanche La Fe.

text: Basketball[edit]

text: Santo Domingo's Basketball Tournament Superior is held in the National District each year, with several teams participating and representing several sectors and social clubs of the city.

text: Some of the teams participating in the tournament include:

text:
El Millón
Rafael Barias
Los Prados
Mauricio Báez

Mejoramiento social (BAMESO)
Huellas del Siglo
San Carlos
San Lázaro

text: Sports clubs[edit]

text:
Club Arroyo Hondo
Club Casa de España
Club de Villa Francisca
Club Los Prados
Club Mauricio Báez
Club Naco

Club Paraíso
Club San Carlos
Club San Lázaro
Club Santo Domingo
Club Libanés Sirio Palestino

text: Media[edit]

text: There are 15 television stations (both UHF and VHF) in Santo Domingo. Santo Domingo has the greatest number of television signals in the country, followed by Santiago. Additional cable television channels are provided by companies like Aster, Cable TV Dominicana, SKY Dominicana, and Telecable. In Santo Domingo there are 100 different stations in AM frequency and 44 in FM frequency.

text: Television[edit]

text:
Tele Antillas (canal 2)
CERTV (canal 4)
Telemicro (canal 5)
Canal del Sol (canal 6)
Antena Latina (canal 7)
Color Visión (canal 9)
Telesistema (canal 11)
Telecentro (canal 13)
Digital 15 (canal 15)
Quisqueya TV (canal 17)
Teleglobo (canal 19)
Antena 21 (canal 21)
Telefuturo canal 23 (canal 23)
Telemedios dominicanos, S.A. (canal 25)
RNN (canal 27)
Teleuniverso (canal 29)

Supercanal (canal 33)
NCDN (canal 37)
Coral 39 (canal 39)
Televida canal 41 (canal 41)
Teleradio América (canal 45)
Amé47 (canal 47)
Isla Visión (canal 53)
Mango TV (canal 59)
Santo Domingo TV (canal 69)

text: Radio[edit]

text: FM

text:
Primera (88.1)
Studio88 (88.5)
Escape (88.9)
Neon (89.3)
Renuevo (89.7)
Fuego 90 (90.1)
Estrella 90 (90.5)
La91 (91.3)
La Rocka (91.7)
Hits92 (92.1)
CDN La radio (92.5)
Pura Vida (92.9)
Independencia (93.3)
Radio Enriquillo (93.7)
Fidelity (94.1)
KQ94 (94.5)
Kiss (94.9)

Radio educativa dominicana (95.3)
La nota diferente (95.7)
RTVD (96.1)
Ritmo 96 (96.5)
Espacio fm (96.9)
Radio Disney (97.3)
Estación (97.7)
Universal (98.1)
Rumba (98.5)
Dominicana FM (98.9)
Sonido suave (99.3)
Radio listín (99.7)
La 100.1 FM (100.1)
Cima 100 (100.5)
SuperQ (100.9)

Z101 (101.3)
Supra (101.7)
La X 102 (102.1)
La dura (102.5)
Raíces (102.9)
Milenium (103.3)
Power 103 (103.7)
Caliente (104.1)
ESPN Deportes Radio (104.5)
Mortal (104.9)
Vida (105.3)
Fiesta FM (105.7)
Disco 106 (106.1)
Zol (106.5)
La voz de las Fuerzas Armadas (106.9)
Escándalo (107.3)
Romántica (107.7)

text: AM

text:
Radio abc (540)
Radio cristal (570)
Radio televisión dominicana (620)
Radio universal (650)
Radio guarachita (690)
HIZ (730)
Radio cordillera (760)
La voz del trópico (790)
HIJB AM (830)
Radio clarín (860)
Radio continental (890)
Radio 920 AM (920)
Radio popular (Circuito Corporán) (950)
Radioemisora La Voz Cultural de las Fuerzas Armadas (980)
Radio comercial (1010)
Radio central (1040)

Radio Ambar (Cadena Sur, Radio R.P.Q.) (1080)
Radio Metro (Politiro) (1120)
Onda Musical HIAS AM (1150)
Radio mil (1180)
Radio Ven Voz Evangelizadora (1210)
Radio Bemba (1220)
Radio Visión (1260)
Cadena Espacial (1280)
Radio Radio (1300)
Radio Visión Cristiana Internacional (1330)
Radio Listín (1360)
Radio Renuevo (1440)
Radio villa (1480)
Radio pueblo (1510)
Radio recuerdo (1540)
Radio amanecer (1570)
Radio Revelación en América (1600)

text: International relations[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Twin towns – Sister cities[edit]

text: Santo Domingo is twinned with:

text:
Bogotá, Colombia
 Buenos Aires, Argentina
 Caracas, Venezuela
 Catbalogan, Philippines
 Curitiba, Brazil[32]
 Guadalajara, Mexico[33]
 Haifa, Israel
 Havana, Cuba[32]
 La Muela, Spain[32]
 Madrid, Spain[34]
 Manaus, Brazil (2009)[35]
 Paris, France
 Pontevedra, Spain[36]
 Providence, Rhode Island, United States[32]
 Rosario, Argentina[37]
 Quito, Ecuador
 Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
 Santiago, Philippines
 Taipei, Taiwan

text: Santo Domingo has four sister cities designated by Sister Cities International:[38]

text:
St. Augustine, Florida, United States
 Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States[38]
 Miami, United States[38]
 New York City, United States[38][39]

text: Gallery[edit]

text:
Santo Domingo's modern architecture

Statue of Antonio de Montesino

John F. Kennedy Avenue, Santo Domingo

Santo Domingo at night

Anacaona Avenue in Santo Domingo. Mirador del Sur park

Alcázar de Colón

text: People from Santo Domingo[edit]


document_title: Procedures of the Supreme Court of the United States

question_text: how many justices must vote to hear a case before the supreme court hears the case

text: Terms and sittings[edit]

text: A term of the Supreme Court commences on the first Monday of each October, and continues until June or early July of the following year. Each term consists of alternating periods of approximately two weeks known as "sittings" and "recesses." Justices hear cases and deliver rulings during sittings; they discuss cases and write opinions during recesses.

text: The Court's authority to hear cases[edit]

text: Appellate jurisdiction[edit]

text: In nearly all of the cases heard by the Supreme Court, the Court exercises the appellate jurisdiction granted it by Article III of the Constitution. This authority permits the Court to review—and affirm or overturn—decisions made by lower courts and tribunals. Procedures for bringing cases before the Supreme Court have changed significantly over time. Today, cases are brought before the Supreme Court by one of several methods, of which the first two account for the overwhelming majority of cases decided:

text:
By petition for a writ of certiorari, filed by a party to a case that has been decided by one of the United States courts of appeals or by the United States Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces.
By petition for writ of certiorari with respect to a decision of one of the territorial or state courts, after all state appeals have been exhausted, where an issue of federal constitutional or statutory law is in question. The writ is usually issued to a state supreme court (including high courts of the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and American Samoa), but is occasionally issued to a state's intermediate appellate court for cases where the state supreme court denied certiorari or review and thereby refused to hear the appeal.
By petition for certiorari before judgment, which permits the Court to expedite a case pending before a United States court of appeals by accepting the case for review before the appellate court has decided it. However, Supreme Court Rule 11 provides that a case may be taken by the Court before judgment in a lower court "only upon a showing that the case is of such imperative public importance as to justify deviation from normal appellate practice and to require immediate determination in this Court."
By appeal from certain decisions of United States district courts in certain cases involving redistricting of congressional or state legislative districts, or when specifically authorized in a particular statute.
By a certified question or proposition of law from one of the United States Courts of Appeals, meaning that the Court of Appeals requests the Supreme Court to instruct it on how to decide the case. This procedure was once common but is now rarely invoked; the last certificate accepted for review was in 1981.
By petition for an "extraordinary writ" such as mandamus, prohibition, or habeas corpus. These writs are rarely granted by the Supreme Court though they are more frequently granted by lower courts.

text: Original jurisdiction[edit]

text: Certain cases that have not been considered by a lower court may be heard by the Supreme Court in the first instance under what is termed original jurisdiction. The Supreme Court's authority in this respect is also derived from Article III of the Constitution, which states that the Supreme Court shall have original jurisdiction "in all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers and consuls, and those in which a state shall be party." The original jurisdiction of the Court is set forth in 28 U.S.C. § 1251. This statute provides further that, in the case of disputes between two or more states, the Supreme Court holds both original and exclusive jurisdiction and no lower court may hear such cases.

text: The number of original jurisdiction cases heard by the court is small; generally only one or two such cases are heard per term. Because the nine-member Supreme Court is not well-suited to conducting pretrial proceedings or trials, original jurisdiction cases accepted by the Court are typically referred to a well-qualified lawyer or lower-court judge to serve as special master, conduct the proceedings, and report recommendations to the Court. The Court then considers whether to accept the special master's report or whether to sustain any exceptions filed to the report.

text: Although jury trials are in theory possible in the Court's original jurisdiction cases, there has not been one since Georgia v. Brailsford in 1794.[1] In 1950, in the case United States v. Louisiana, the state of Louisiana moved for a jury trial, but the Court denied the motion, ruling that the suit was an equity action and not an action at law, and that therefore the Seventh Amendment guarantee of a jury trial did not apply. If a matter involving an action at law did come before the court, however, a jury would likely be empaneled and would hear the case alongside the justices of the Court.[2]

text: Selection of cases[edit]

text: Since the Judiciary Act of 1925 ("The Certiorari Act" in some texts), the majority of the Supreme Court's jurisdiction has been discretionary.[3] Each year, the court receives approximately 9,000–10,000 petitions for certiorari, of which less than 1% (approximately 80–100), are granted plenary review with oral arguments, and an additional 50 to 60 are disposed of without plenary review.[4][5]

text: The Court strictly enforces its requirements for the preparation and timely filing of certiorari petitions, in order to manage such a massive caseload. This occasionally results in harsh consequences, as Justice Thomas acknowledged in a 2007 opinion: "Just a few months ago, the Clerk, pursuant to this Court’s Rule 13.2, refused to accept a petition for certiorari submitted by Ryan Heath Dickson because it had been filed one day late ... Dickson was executed on April 26, 2007, without any Member of this Court having even seen his petition for certiorari. The rejected certiorari petition was Dickson’s first in this Court, and one can only speculate as to whether denial of that petition would have been a foregone conclusion."[6]

text: In theory, each Justice's clerks write a brief for the Justice outlining the questions presented, and offering a recommendation as to whether certiorari should be granted; in practice, most Justices (all of the current court, except Justices Alito and Gorsuch) have their clerks participate in the cert pool.[7][8][9]

text: During the Justices' regular conference, the Justices discuss the petitions, and grant certiorari in less than five percent of the cases filed. (During the 1980s and 1990s, the number of cases accepted and decided each term approached 150 per year; more recently, the number of cases granted has averaged well under 100 annually). Before each conference, the Chief Justice prepares a list of those petitions he believes have sufficient merit to warrant discussion. Any other Justice may also add a case to the "discuss list"; cases not designated for discussion by any Justice are automatically denied review. The Court or a Justice may also decide that a case be "re-listed" for discussion at a later conference; this occurs, for example, where the Court decides to request input from the Solicitor General of the United States on whether a petition should be granted.[10]

text: The votes of four Justices at Conference (see Rule of four) will suffice to grant certiorari and place the case on the court's calendar. If the Supreme Court grants certiorari (or the certified question or other extraordinary writ), then a briefing schedule is arranged for the parties to submit their briefs in favor of or against a particular form of relief. During this time, an individual or group having an interest in a case but not a party to the case may submit a motion to appear before the court as amicus curiae ("friend of the court"). Except for certain specific categories (such as lawyers for state and local governments) or where all parties to the case consent, it is in the Court's discretion whether such motions are granted.

text: The grant or denial of certiorari petitions by the Court are usually issued as one-sentence orders without explanation.

text: Cases that fall within the Court's original jurisdiction are initiated by filing a complaint directly with the Supreme Court, and normally are assigned to a special master appointed by the Court for the taking of evidence and making recommendations, after which the Court may accept briefs and hear oral arguments as in an appellate case.

text: Hearing cases[edit]

text: Filing briefs[edit]

text: Before oral arguments, the parties to a case file legal briefs outlining their arguments. An amicus curiae may also submit a brief in support of a particular outcome in the case if the Court grants it permission. Formal rules govern every aspect of these briefs; Chief Justice William Rehnquist described the rules thus:

text: Oral arguments[edit]

text: Thereafter, if the Court chooses to hold a hearing, each side has thirty minutes to present its case orally. In exceptional and controversial cases, however, the time limit may be extended. In the Court's early years, attorneys might argue a single case for hours or even days; but as the judicial workload increased, the time available for argument has been restricted. The late Chief Justice Rehnquist was noted for his especially strict enforcement of the argument time limits.

text: To file pleadings or to argue a case, an attorney must be a member of the bar of the Court. (The primary requirement for admission to the Bar is that the attorney must have been admitted to practice in the highest court of a state or territory for at least the past three years.) Justices are allowed to interrupt the attorney speaking in order to ask him or her questions, and particularly since the arrival of Justice Antonin Scalia in 1986, do so often.[12]

text: The Court began recording Oral Arguments in October 1955.[13] Beginning in October 2010, the Supreme Court began the practice of posting recordings and transcripts of the oral arguments made during the preceding week on Fridays on the Court's website.

text: In an interview for C-SPAN, former Justice Scalia, speaking for himself, noted that by the time the Justices hear oral arguments, having read the submissions by the parties and amici, it is "very rare, though not unheard of", for the discussion during the oral arguments to change his view of a case in which he has already made up his mind based on the submissions and his research about the case. However, he also made the point that it is "quite common" for him to go into Oral Arguments with his mind not made up yet, as the cases are usually very hard and difficult, and that in those situations a persuasive attorney can make the difference for him.[14]

text: Forming opinions[edit]

text: The conference: assignment of opinions[edit]

text: At the end of a week in which the Court has heard oral arguments, the Justices hold a conference to discuss the cases and vote on any new petitions of certiorari. The Justices discuss the points of law at issue in the cases. No clerks are permitted to be present, which would make it exceedingly difficult for a justice without a firm grasp of the matters at hand to participate.[15] At this conference, each justice—in order from most to least senior—states the basis on which he or she would decide the case, and a preliminary vote is taken.

text: Former Justice Scalia professed frustration that there is little substantive discussion,[16] while former Chief Justice Rehnquist wrote that this makes the conference more efficient.[17] The votes are tallied, and the responsibility for writing the opinion in the case is assigned to one of the justices; the most senior Justice voting in the majority (but always the Chief Justice if he is in the majority) makes the assignment, and can assign the responsibility to him- or herself.

text: Circulating draft opinions and changing of views[edit]

text: The justice writing the opinion for the court will produce and circulate a draft opinion to the other justices. Each justice's law clerks may be involved in this phase. In modern Supreme Court history only a few justices, such as former Justice Antonin Scalia, have regularly written their own first drafts.[18] Once the draft opinion has been reviewed, the remaining Justices may recommend changes to the opinion. Whether these changes are accommodated depends on the legal philosophy of the drafters as well as on how strong a majority the opinion garnered at conference. A justice may instead simply join the opinion at that point without comment.

text: Votes at conference are preliminary; while opinions are being circulated, it is not unheard of for a justice to change sides. A justice may be swayed by the persuasiveness (or lack thereof) of the opinion or dissent, or as a result of reflection and discussion on the points of law at issue.

text: The evolution of the justices' views during the circulation of draft opinions can change the outcome of the case; an opinion that begins as a majority opinion can become a dissenting opinion, and vice versa. At the conference for Planned Parenthood v. Casey, Justice Kennedy is said to have initially voted with Chief Justice Rehnquist, but then changed his mind, feeling unable to join Rehnquist's draft opinion.[19] While working for the Justice Department, present-day Chief Justice John Roberts—a former Rehnquist law clerk—wrote an analysis of Wallace v. Jaffree[20] in which he indicated his belief (based on the length and structure) that Rehnquist's dissent had started out as an opinion for the court, but lost its majority; similar speculation is often heard of Justice O'Connor's dissent in Kelo v. New London.[21] Justice Kennedy is known within the Court for changing his mind subsequent to the conference, and Justice Thomas is known for having the tendency to lose a majority.[22] Justices may change sides at any time prior to the handing down of the Court's opinion. Generally, the Court's decision is the opinion which a majority (five or more) of justices have joined. In rare instances, the Court will issue a plurality opinion in which four or fewer Justices agree on one opinion, but the others are so fractured that they cannot agree on a position. In this circumstance, in order to determine what the decision is lawyers and judges will analyze the opinions to determine on which points a majority agrees. An example of a case decided by a plurality opinion is Hamdi v. Rumsfeld.

text: A justice voting with the majority may write a concurring opinion; this is an opinion where the justice agrees with the majority holding itself, but where he or she wishes to express views on the legal elements of the case that are not encompassed in the majority opinion. Justices who do not agree with the decision made by the majority may also submit dissenting opinions, which may give alternative legal viewpoints. Dissenting opinions carry no legal weight or precedent, but they can set the argument for future cases. John Marshall Harlan's dissent in Plessy v. Ferguson set down for the majority opinion later in Brown v. Board of Education.

text: After granting a writ of certiorari and accepting a case for review, the justices may decide against further review of the case. For example, the Court may feel the case presented during oral arguments did not present the constitutional issues in a clear-cut way, and that adjudication of these issues is better deferred until a suitable case comes before the court. In this event the writ of certiorari is "dismissed as improvidently granted" (DIG)—saying, in effect that the Court should not have accepted the case. As with the granting or denial of cert, this dismissal is customarily made using a simple per curiam decision without explanation.[23]

text: Customarily, justices who were not seated at the time oral arguments were heard by the Supreme Court do not participate in the formulation of an opinion. Likewise, a justice leaving the Court prior to the handing down of an opinion does not take part in the Court's opinion. Should the composition of the Court materially affect the outcome of a pending case, the justices will likely elect to reschedule the case for rehearing.

text: Tied votes and lack of quorum[edit]

text: If not all of the nine justices vote on a case, or the Court has a vacancy, then a tied vote is possible. If this occurs, then the decision of the court below is affirmed, but the case is not considered to be binding precedent. The effect is a return to the status quo ante. No opinions (or voting alignments) are issued in such a case, only the one-sentence announcement that "[t]he judgment is affirmed by an equally divided Court." Omega S.A. v. Costco Wholesale Corp. is an example of such a case. The court tries to avoid such rulings when possible: After the retirement of Justice O'Connor in 2006 three cases would have ended with a tie. All cases were reargued to allow the newly appointed Samuel Alito to cast a decisive vote.

text: A quorum of justices to hear and decide a case is six. If, through recusals or vacancies, fewer than six justices can participate in a case, and a majority of qualified justices determines that the case cannot be heard in the next term, then the decision of the court below is affirmed as if the Court had been equally divided on the case. An exception exists when this situation arises in one of the now-rare cases brought directly to the Supreme Court on appeal from a United States District Court; in this situation, the case is referred to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the corresponding circuit for a final decision there by either the Court of Appeals sitting en banc, or a panel consisting of the three most senior active circuit judges.[24]

text: Announcement of opinions[edit]

text: Throughout the term, but mostly during the last months of the term—May, June, and, if necessary, July—the Court announces its opinions. The decision of the Court is subsequently published, first as a slip opinion, and subsequently in the United States Reports. In recent years, opinions have been available on the Supreme Court's website and other legal websites on the morning they are announced. Since recording devices have been banned inside the courtroom, the fastest way for decisions of landmark cases to reach the press is through the Running of the Interns.[25]

text: The opinion of the Court is usually signed by the author; occasionally, the Supreme Court may issue an unsigned opinion per curiam. The practice of issuing a single opinion of the Court was initiated during the tenure of Chief Justice John Marshall during the early 19th century. This custom replaced the previous practice under which each Justice, whether in the majority or the minority, issued a separate opinion. The older practice is still followed by appellate courts in many common law jurisdictions outside the United States.

text: Reporting and citation of cases[edit]

text: Supreme Court decisions are typically cited as in the following example: "Roe v. Wade, 410 U.S. 113 (1973)." The court citation consists of the names of the opposing parties; the volume number; "U.S." (signifying United States Reports, the official reporter of Supreme Court decisions); the page number on which the decision begins; and the year in which the case was decided. The names of the opposing parties are listed in the format "Petitioner v. Respondent" or "Appellant v. Appellee." The Reporter of Decisions is responsible for publication of the Court's rulings. Two other widely used citation formats exist: the Supreme Court Reporter and the Lawyers' Edition, corresponding to two privately published collections of decisions. Citations to cases in the Supreme Court Reporter would be structured as follows: Snowden v. Hughes, 64 S. Ct. 397 (1944). Citations to cases in the Lawyers' Edition would be as follows: Snowden v. Hughes, 88 L. Ed. 497 (1944). Judicial opinions often use the citation from all three sources (the United States Reports, Supreme Court Reporter, and Lawyers' Edition), as seen here: Martin v. Texas, 200 U.S. 316, 26 S. Ct. 338, 50 L. Ed. 497 (1906). Since the 1930s, prior to publication of the decisions in these reporters, they are available from the United States Law Week (U.S.L.W.). In more recent years, opinions have been available electronically soon after they appeared on commercial sites such as Lexis or Westlaw, on Internet sites such as FindLaw and on the Court's own website.[26]

text: The Reporter of Decisions is the court official responsible for the publication of the Court's opinions and orders. The current Reporter of Decisions is Christine Luchok Fallon.

text: Decisions of the Supreme Court are precedents that bind all lower courts, both federal and state. The Supreme Court generally respects its own precedents, but has in some cases overturned them.


document_title: List of Maid Sama! episodes

question_text: when does usui and misaki become a couple

text: List of Maid Sama! episodes

text: This article's plot summary may be too long or excessively detailed. Please help improve it by removing unnecessary details and making it more concise. (April 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Maid Sama! is an anime series adapted from the manga of the same title by Hiro Fujiwara.[1] Produced by J.C.Staff and directed by Hiroaki Sakurai,[2] Maid Sama! follows the relationship and romance between Misaki Ayuzawa, the female student council president of Seika High school which was once all-boys now co-ed school but is still male dominated, and Takumi Usui, the mysterious and the most popular boy at Seika High, who knows Misaki secretly works part-time at a maid cafe.

text: The anime ran in Japan from April 1 to September 23, 2010 on the Tokyo Broadcasting System[3] and was later simulcast three days later after the Japanese airing in Asia from April 4 to September 26, 2010 on Animax Asia with English subtitles.[4] In North America, The Anime Network started streaming the series via their online player on June 15,[5] and distributed it via Video On Demand on August 5, 2010. The series is licensed in the North America by Sentai Filmworks. Animax Asia's English adaptation aired in Southeast Asia from November 25, 2010 to December 30, 2010.

text: The opening theme, titled "My Secret" is performed by Saaya Mizuno; it was released on May 26, 2010 in normal and special editions,[6] and peak ranked 37th on Oricon singles charts.[7] The first ending theme is "Yokan" (予感) performed by the rock band Heidi.; the single was released on May 26, 2010 in normal and special editions,[6] and peak ranked 32nd in Oricon singles charts.[8] The second ending theme, used from episode 16 onwards is "∞Loop" (∞ ループ) also performed by Heidi; the single was released on August 25, 2010 in normal and special editions,[9] and peak ranked 48th in Oricon singles charts.[10]

text: Episode list[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Original airdate

1
"Misa is a Maid Sama!"
"Misaki-chan wa Meido-sama!" (美咲ちゃんはメイド様!)
April 1, 2010[3]

Misaki Ayuzawa is the first female student council president of the previously all-boy Seika High School. While she is highly respected by the female students and staff, the male students both fear and loath her. One particular student, Takumi Usui, irritates Misaki because he bluntly rejects girls who confess their love to him. Misaki secretly works part-time at a maid café called Maid Latte to support her family, as her father left them with a large debt, however she is discovered by Usui and fears her secret will be exposed at school. After listening to Misaki's reasons for working, Usui keeps her secret and chooses to annoy her by regularly visiting Misaki at work as a customer. When Misaki becomes sick due to stress and fatigue, Usui notices and advices Misaki to loosen up, but she rejects his advice. At work, three male students from her school, whom she routinely ridicules as the "Idiot Trio", discover Misaki in her uniform. The three start to harass Misaki, but Usui intervenes. Misaki apologizes to Usui before fainting. After Misaki recovers, Usui tells Misaki that he asked the boys to keep her secret and teases her about becoming his personal maid for a day as his reward.

2
"Maid-Sama at the School Festival"
"Gakuensai demo Meido-sama!" (学園祭でもメイド様!)
April 8, 2010[11]

For the upcoming annual school festival, Misaki wants to use the opportunity to improve the school's image and encourage more girls to enroll. Problems arise with class 2-2 because the boys' activity proposals are attempts to sexually exploit the girls. The boys ask Usui to persuade Misaki to accept their ideas, but he puts very little effort into doing so and instead Misaki decides that class 2-2 will hold a café as suggested by three girls in the class. Later, Usui warns Misaki that her hostility towards the boys will eventually backfire. On the day of the festival, things go well and there is a large turnout of girls. However, she finds out that the boys of class 2-2 are cosplaying in period military outfits, taking over the café and rounding up girls as prisoners. Misaki scolds the boys, but they turn on her and leave the girls to run the café alone. As Misaki manages to run the café she accidentally calls a patron "master" but Usui covers for her by acting as a male server as well, causing the café to gain popularity. Seeing the action from the classroom windows, the boys return and serve the customers properly, making the café a success. During the festival bonfire, Usui finds Misaki resting under a tree where she thanks him for his assistance, although Usui continues to tease her about being his personal maid.

3
"What Color is Misaki? Natural Color?"
"Misaki wa Nani Iro? Tennen Shoku?" (美咲は何色?天然色?)
April 15, 2010[12]

Maid Latte decides to host a "Little Sister's Day" where the maids dress up and act as little sisters to their customers. Misaki has trouble acting the part, since she has no experience being a younger sister, and her own little sister is not a perfect example either. Her boss, Satsuki, decides Misaki can skip the event by changing shifts, but her co-worker, Honoka, accuses Satsuki of favoritism and Misaki of not taking it seriously, convincing Misaki to do some research and practice. When "Little Sister's Day" arrives, Misaki perfects the act of a little sister and awes the customers, at least until Usui arrives. His constant teasing and asking for the impossible causes Misaki to lose her temper, but when he goes to leave, Misaki (still in character) begs him not to go, causing everyone in Maid Latte to be attracted to her moeness. Later at school, as Usui rejects another confession from a girl, he witnesses Misaki rescuing a student from a falling ladder. Noticing she was injured by the ladder, he convinces her to have it bandaged in the infirmary. Later, Maid Latte is hosting a "Maid Rangers day" and Misaki vents her anger on the Idiot Trio dressed up as the White Maid Ranger - the color of white being suggested for Misaki by Usui due to her refusal to be influenced by others.

4
"Net Idol Aoi"
"Netto Aidoru Aoi-chan" (ネットアイドルAOIちゃん)
April 22, 2010[13]

Maid Latte is visited by Aoi, a famous net idol who is also Satsuki's niece. Aoi decides to stay with Satuski for a while due to a fight with her father, and is excited to wear the café's uniform, much to Satsuki's dismay. Meanwhile, the café chef is unable to work and so Usui volunteers to help and impresses the ladies with his own slightly modified version of Omelet Rice. Aoi finds Usui attractive but he repeatedly ignores her advances. She is so persistent that Usui pushes her down on the locker room floor just as Misaki arrives to push him away and slaps Aoi for repeatedly trying to get his attention. It is then revealed that Aoi is, in fact a crossing-dressing boy, something Satsuki knew all along and which both Usui and Misaki discovered right from the start earlier. Aoi reveals he ran away because his classmates made fun of him for liking cute girlish things, and his father didn't like him cross-dressing. Misaki and Usui convince Aoi to go back home, but not before Aoi promises to make them all fall for him. Later, Aoi returns to Maid Latte and criticizes Misaki for not wearing girlish clothes. Later, as Misaki and Aoi go out, Aoi becomes determined to make her more feminine but eventually watches as Misaki single-handedly takes down a burglar and they end up agreeing that they should both just be themselves. Regardless, Aoi sends Misaki a cute dress, much to her embarrassment.

5
"First Time Minding the Shop"
"Hajimete no Orusuban" (初めてのお留守番)
April 29, 2010[14]

Satsuki warns Misaki about a group of stalkers targeting cosplay cafés, but Misaki does not take it seriously, not even when Usui pretends to stalk her and gives her a scare. One night, Misaki is captured by the stalkers - who were also patrons - as she is closing the café by herself and taken upstairs to be restrained with handcuffs and tape over her mouth. Usui hears the commotion inside Maid Latte and is about to kick in the window to rescue Misaki, but just as he is about to make his move, Misaki breaks the chain on the handcuffs and beats them up using her Aikido, shattering the impression they had of her being a submissive girl. Days later, Aoi returns to Maid Latte to give everyone (including Usui) a cellphone photo of Misaki wearing the dress he made, much to Misaki's horror.

6
"Men & the Ayuzawa Cram School"
"Otoko・Ayuzawa Juku!" (男・鮎沢塾!)
May 6, 2010[15]

Misaki has acquired a group of fans at school, the Inuyama quintuplet brothers. While the boys are good-natured, they want to know everything about her, and this could reveal her secret part-time job. She manages to dodge them, mostly with Usui's help, but she is torn between telling them the truth and risking the good image they have of her. She and Usui have an argument on the school rooftop and Usui accidentally drops a photo of her wearing her maid uniform in the direction of the Inuyama brothers. As she freaks out, Usui assures her he will get it back, but not before stealing her first kiss. He jumps from the roof and grabs the photo while falling into the school pool. A relieved Misaki calls him an idiot for making her worry. The brothers hear the commotion at the pool, but thanks to Usui's acting, the brothers think Misaki is Usui's bodyguard. He convinces them not to follow Misaki anymore, thus keeping her secret safe. At the hospital, Misaki visits Usui but leaves in disgust when he asks her to nurse him in her maid outfit.

7
"Enter the Student Council President of Miyabigaoka"
"Miyabigaoka Gakuen Seitokaichō Tōjō" (雅ヶ丘学園生徒会長登場)
May 13, 2010[16]

Misaki is still thinking about Usui's kiss (which she dismisses as simple teasing after Usui kisses Yukimura to make her feel at ease again) when she receives a phone call from her friends Sakura and Shizuko asking her to stop a fight between two Seika High students and three students from the prestigious Miyabigaoka Academy. After initially blaming the Seika students, she learns from them that the fight actually started when one of the Miyabigaoka students called Hirofumi Kogane insulted their interest in chess and called them flies. They arrive at Miyabigaoka Academy, and Misaki tells Hirofumi that her classmates will apologize if he apologizes first. He agrees to do this, but only if they can beat him in chess - which Usui does, humiliating him. Later, the Miyabigaoka Student Council led by President Tora Igarashi arrives at Seika High to apologize to Misaki for Hirofumi's behavior. Tora offers Misaki a scholarship to Miyabigaoka Academy and Misaki is impressed by his gentlemanly behavior. At Maid Latte, a special "Ladies Day" event is held where the maids dress up as handsome men. Misaki becomes popular with the female customers, but Usui upsets her when he reminds her that she's still a girl. Meanwhile, Tora learns of Misaki's part-time job and reveals his hidden lecherous nature.

8
"Misaki Goes to Miyabigaoka"
"Misaki, Miyabigaoka Gakuen e" (美咲、雅ヶ丘学園へ)
May 20, 2010[17]

With three days to decide, Misaki is torn between accepting the Miyabigaoka scholarship or staying at Seika. She goes to Miyabigaoka to give her answer, but Sakura and Shizuko are worried that she will leave Seika. Even though they want the best for Misaki, they rally the Student Council and her fans to head for Miyabigaoka and convince her not to transfer. At Miyabigaoka, Misaki is about to give Tora her reply when a drink is "accidentally" spilled on her, forcing Misaki to wash herself off in their shower room. After the shower, she learns that her Seika uniform had been taken to be cleaned and she is forced to wear a rather revealing maid uniform instead. Tora then shows his true self, revealing he knows about Misaki's part-time job and assumes Misaki came to accept his offer to get his attention and money just like the other women who are interested in him. Misaki declines his offer and has no intention of leaving Seika. As Tora attempts to violate her, however, Usui rescues her. Afterwards, as Misaki thanks Usui and again, wearing her Seika uniform again, she is greeted by her friends waiting outside the Miyabigaoka gate.

9
"Maid-Sama Does Momotaro"
"Momotarō made mo Meido-sama" (桃太郎までもメイド様)
May 27, 2010[18]

Usui narrates his version of Momotarō with Misaki as the titular character, Sakura and Yukimura as her guardians and Momotarō's animal companions played by the Idiot Trio. Misaki is on a quest to rescue women captured by a demon and taken to Onigashima island. On her journey, she saves the Idiot Trio from getting eaten by their Ringmaster (Usui) after the animals tell her the village where the demon been recently seen. Forming a group, they arrived at Seika Village, which is now a stinking wasteland filled with men driven to madness without women and with no one left to do the household chores. Obtaining the directions to Onigashima, the group crosses the ocean and encounter the Princess of the Sea and a Turtle (Suzuna/Aoi) and the Pirate ship Miyabigaoka led by Tora, which Usui destroys with a rocket launcher. When they finally arrive at the island, the Idiots and Misaki sneak into the Demon's lair and find the Seika women living happily in a grand palace. Misaki is shocked to learn that Usui is in fact the Demon; and that he never kidnapped the women, instead the women followed him to escape serving the selfish men in the village and took over his palace. The Narrator ends the story by claiming Misaki and Usui became a couple despite Misaki protesting against the ending; and that the Idiot Trio die in unfortunate circumstances. In reality, the entire story is a dream Misaki is having while taking a nap in the Student Council room, due to Usui playing her a recording of the story to send her subliminal messages.

10
"Sakura's Indie-Label Love"
"Sakura no Koi wa Indīzu" (さくらの恋はインディーズ)
June 3, 2010[19]

Sakura is an avid fan of the indie rock band UxMishi, and is in love with the vocalist, Kuuga. Sakura invites Misaki and Shizuko to a tea party that the band are hosting, where the Idiot Trio also happen to work as part-time waiters. During the meeting, Kuuga starts to take an interest in Misaki and ignores Sakura. When Misaki visits the bathroom, Kuuga and his bandmate Kou follow her and attempt to flirt. He tells Misaki that he does not have feelings for Sakura and the party invitation was just a fan service. Despite Kou telling him to stop, Kuuga continues to hit on Misaki until Usui, disguised as a waiter, intervenes. With Misaki unsure on how to deal with the situation, Usui gives her some advice. Back at the table, Kuuga continues to hit on Misaki, and hurts Sakura's feelings. Getting no response from Misaki, his flirts start to become insults and Sakura tells him to stop. Misaki loses her temper and grabs him by the necktie, telling him that she will not entrust Sakura to someone like him. After leaving the cafe, Shizuko admonishes Misaki for making a scene at the cafe; and Sakura for not being careful about her choice in boys. Sakura is comforted by Misaki with a pat on the head and Misaki hopes that one day Sakura will find someone who will truly love her.

11
"The Secret of Takumi Usui Approaches!"
"Usui Takumi no Himitsu ni Semaru!" (碓氷拓海の秘密に迫る!)
June 10, 2010[20]

Usui inadvertently meets Misaki's mother and helps her carry her groceries. To thank him, she invites him inside her house for tea with Suzuna. As Misaki arrives home she is shocked to see him there and drags him to the park, warning him not to come to her home again, following Usui's remarks about her life. Sakura and Shizuko see them together and wonder if they're dating. The next day, Sakura, Shizuko and Misaki decide to follow Usui to have a peek at his private life and confirm rumors that he is rich. Usui knows he is being chased and leads them into a chase around town. After the girls decide to give up, Misaki finds Usui by outdoor walk way, tending to an abandoned kitten. She tries to deny being interested in Usui's private life, after he remarks that it was the first time she showed any interested in it at all and gives her his address just in case she changes her mind. Afterwards, while Misaki's looks over the directions at her home, Usui is seen living alone in a tall apartment building with the kitten.

12
"Maid Sama & the Sports Festival"
"Taiikusai demo Meido-sama" (体育祭でもメイド様)
June 17, 2010[21]

At the Seika High Sports Festival, Misaki participates and wins every event to secure the prizes for the girls' team. At the obstacle race, where the first prize is a kiss from an unwilling Sakura, Misaki takes the lead until one of the boys tries to push her into the pool to disqualify her. Usui saves her from falling and wins the race, but decides to reject the prize, so Misaki wins as the runner-up instead. Later on, Misaki enters the costume race on behalf of Shizuko. Inside the changing tent, she is shocked to discover she has to wear a maid costume but accidentally switches it with Yukimura's. Yukimura is jeered by the boys for wearing it, the maid costume, which upsets Misaki. However Usui explains that because Yukimura is putting so much effort into the event, the others tease him because they can and Misaki resolves to help him. Therefore Usui and Misaki put together some cool costumes to wear and defend Yukimura, then finish the race with him. Yukimura enjoys himself, and Misaki is inspired to make the day even better next year.

13
"Idiots & Juveniles & Heroes &..."
"Baka to Furyō to Hīrō to" (バカと不良とヒーローと)
June 24, 2010[22]

Gouki Aratake, the strongest delinquent in Seisen Middle School, yearns to be like his reformed upperclassman the former gang leader "Shiroyan" (White Devil) who is actually Naoya Shirakawa of the Idiot Trio, but upon following them around for a bit, the gang deduce Naoya has gone soft. Aratake appears at Seika High and abducts a cross-dressing Yukimura, who they mistake for Naoya's girlfriend. Misaki, Usui, the Idiot Trio and Aoi (who studies at Seisen) go to rescue him. After changing into disguises, and a few interruptions by their friends, they sneak into Aratake's hideout and find him arguing with one of his friends over Naoya. A fistfight erupts between Naoya and Aratake, which Naoya wins. Aratake reveals he only wanted to be strong like Naoya, who gives him some words of encouragement. With the ordeal over, the Idiot Trio introduce Misaki to the gang as their "Chief Maid President," a more fearsome gangster than them, much to her horror. Amidst the chaos, everyone forgets about Yukimura.

14
"Soutane Kano of Class 1-7"
"Ichinen Nanakumi Kanō Sōtarō" (1年7組 叶爽太郎)
July 1, 2010[23]

The Student Council plans to hold an open house at Seika High to attract more girls to enroll there. A girl-hating freshman named Soutarou Kano is against it, and tries to derail their work by hypnotizing people, but he is stopped by Usui, who is immune to his abilities. To get revenge on Usui, he hypnotizes Misaki to hate Usui forever if she falls asleep within 24 hours. Misaki stays up all night with Usui's help, but Kano hypnotizes Yukimura into give her a sleep-inducing painkiller, making her extremely sleepy. With five minutes left before the time limit, she falls asleep and asks Usui if she will remember the feelings of gratitude she has towards him and hopes she will get the chance to thank him properly. Usui hugs her, vowing that he will save her as much as she wants and will make her fall for him all over again.

15
"Bespectacled Rabbit at the Open Campus"
"Gakkō Kengaku-kai de Megane Usagi" (学校見学会で眼鏡うさぎ)
July 8, 2010[24]

It is revealed that Misaki did not sleep and was able to beat Kano's hypnotic suggestion. She punishes Kano by forcing him to help the girls with the upcoming Open House cafeteria. After initially trying to escape, Kano begins to work with the girls and gets over his dislike for them, which came from a childhood experience. Dressed as a butler with a hood and bunny ears, he tries to help a middle schoolgirl get over her fear of men, and later thanks Misaki for helping him. Misaki later thanks Usui for helping with the sports clubs in the only way she can think of, by giving him a pat on the head.

16
"Maid Latte at the Beach House"
"Umi no Ie de mo Meido Rate" (海の家でもメイドラテ)
July 15, 2010[25]

Seika High has begun its summer vacation. Satsuma's sister Nagisa invites the Maid Latte crew to her beach resort, accompanied by Aoi and Usui. The girls decide to help out at the resort by hosting a one-day Maid café event to attract customers, however Misaki is not as keen to wear the swimsuit uniform. Usui gives her a hickey on her back that forces her to wear a t-shirt to hide it. Later that night, the ladies head out to local hot springs to celebrate, but Misaki reluctantly decides to stay behind after being spooked by Honoka's ghost story and due to the hickey. She later rushes after them alone, believing they had left their tickets behind. She gets lost on the way, and is frightened when Usui grabs her. Realizing his mistake, Usui hugs Misaki to calm her down while apologizing. Aoi arrives and sees them, and tells Misaki to just admit she likes Usui. Upon reaching the hot springs, Misaki realizes her effort was in vain as the tickets she had were only extras.

17
"Usui Becomes the Enemy"
"Usui, Teki ni Mawaru" (碓氷、敵に回る)
July 22, 2010[26]

On the second day of summer vacation, Nagisa agrees to allow her nephew Aoi to cross-dress if he wins the local mixed beach volleyball tournament, where the winning team also become the Beach Prince and Princess. Impressed by Aoi's determination, Misaki accepts his offer to be his volleyball partner. Erika and Usui also surprise everyone by joining the tournament. Both teams easily defeat their competition, earning them a face off in the final round. Misaki is frustrated that Usui is trying so hard to beat them and blurts out her anger, much to the crowd's surprise and her embarrassment. Misaki makes a risky save for the ball, sending her towards the umpire stand, but Usui jumps in the way and is injured. Aoi and Misaki win the tournament, but Misaki skips the victory party to reconcile to Usui. At the beach, Usui reveals he only joined the tournament to prevent Misaki from becoming the Beach Princess and getting exploited. Misaki is touched, but as they are about to kiss they are interrupted by a sudden explosion of fireworks. With their vacation over, everyone decides to have a group photo taken.

18
"Maid Sama is a Footman"
"Meido-sama de mo Futtoman" (メイド様でもフットマン)
July 29, 2010[27]

The Miyabigaoka Student Council returns because Kanade Maki wants to buy Maid Latte for his family's dining empire and replace it with a butler cafe. In disguise, Misaki and Subaru decide to join the male-only footman auditions to prove the skills of the Maid Latte staff. As the audition becomes more difficult, Subaru is revealed to be a girl and disqualified. Misaki also discovers that Kano and Yukimura, and Aoi and Usui, are also auditioning. Aoi gets disqualified for being underage, and Tora suggests that Usui and Misaki can remain as a team if they can prove their eligibility. Misaki passes the gender test by grabbing Usui's hand and planting it on her flat chest, tricking everyone into thinking she is a boy. Misaki and Usui are allowed to pair up and move on to the next round.

19
"Footman Through a Change of Pairs"
"Pea Kuminaoshi de Futtoman" (ペア組み直しでフットマン)
August 5, 2010[28]

In the second round of the footman auditions, Usui and Misaki succeed in the required task of setting up a high class table for afternoon tea. Usui also has to contend with Yukimura's curiosity by assuming a false identity and referring to Misaki as a boy. Before the third round begins, Misaki falls from the high stage and Usui rescues her. With Usui attempting to hide his injuries, Misaki decides to do the tasks in the third round to conceal it. This raises Maki's suspicions, but Usui attempts to cover it up by playing the violin. When Misaki discovers Usui's injuries, she asks him to stop and lectures Maki on the importance of helping colleagues. Motivated by her speech, Maki decides to call off buying Maid Latte and move his butler cafe elsewhere. Misaki visits Usui's apartment to take care of him, and is surprised to find him living alone in a luxurious apartment. She apologizes for being so dependent on him, but he professes that he has also become dependent on her.

20
"The Vice President is a Prince?!"
"Fukukaichō wa Ōji-sama!?" (副会長は王子様!?)
August 12, 2010[29]

"Aoi and Her Fun Companions"
"Aoi to Yukai na Nakamatachi" (AOIとユカイな仲間たち)

Yukimura's younger sister Ruri loves playing make-believe princess but refuses to acknowledge her brother as he does not meet her ideal image of a prince. She meets the "prince-like" Usui, and Yukimura convinces Usui to go on a date with his sister in order to gain her favor. Things go as planned with Usui wearing a prince costume (made by Aoi) until the others fear the "princelier" Usui may replace Yukimura as Ruri's big brother. Kano and Misaki attempt to interrupt the date, so Ruri runs off, almost causing a cupboard to fall on her. Usui stops the cupboard while Yukimura shields her. Yukimura lectures Ruri when her prideful behavior goes too far, and she apologizes and accepts her big brother. Sometime later, Kano and Yukimura save Aoi from a group of thugs, but do not recognize him as he is cross-dressing. Aoi decides to enlist them and the Three Idiots to film a music video. Aoi enjoys the crew's enthusiasm, but tries to deny it when they see Aoi genuinely smile. An escaping thief bumps into Aoi, causing him to drop the camera's memory card. Aoi tries to catch it and nearly falls doing so, but is saved by Misaki, who was chasing the thief. Despite Aoi's abuses, the crew enjoyed working with 'her' and offer to search for the memory card, which landed below on Usui by chance.

21
"Usui's Rival?! Hinata Shintani"
"Usui no raibaru? Shintani Hinata" (碓氷のライバル？深谷陽向)
August 19, 2010[30]

Misaki has the sports clubs clean up their club rooms. They initially refuse, but accept after Yukimura tells them food will be provided by the Student Council. After the Student Council finish making rice balls, the famished sports club members barge in to eat, but discard and unknowingly insult Misaki's rice balls. Angered by this, Misaki chases the sports club members out of the room. Usui later visits Misaki and praises her hard work. Kano overhears and wonders why Misaki and Usui will not profess their feelings. Meanwhile, a transfer student named Hinata Shintani arrives. He irritates Misaki with his childish behavior and gluttony for food, but the male students admire his child-like innocence and ability to accurately guess food by smell. Hinata reveals that he used to live in the area and has returned to find his first love, Misaki. Upon hearing this, Misaki realizes that Hinata is her chubby childhood friend "You-kun". Misaki later blurts out Hinata's nickname when he falls from a tree, and Hinata realizes who she is and hugs Misaki, much to everyone's dismay.

22
"Tag at the Forest School"
"Rinkan gakkō onigokko" (林間学校オニごっこ)
August 26, 2010[31]

Seika High plans its out field trip for a five-day Enlightenment at a Buddhist temple. Misaki has to deal with the girls' interest in her relationship with Hinata, as well as both Hinata and Usui vying for her attention. Misaki accidentally gets trapped with Hinata, and he confesses to her and asks her to see him as a man. Usui overhears and interrupts before Misaki can respond. On the fourth day of the trip, the boys lose their sanity due to the grueling activities and start lusting after the girls. As the girls brace themselves in their cabin, Misaki goes out to stop the boys and drives them back with the help of Hinata and Usui. Later, Usui confronts Misaki about her feelings for Hinata, and she explains that she only sees him as a childhood friend. Relieved with her answer, Usui faints on top of her from hunger.

23
"Maid Latte & a Whole Bunch of Sweets"
"Suītsu ōmori meido rate" (スイーツ大盛りメイドラテ)
September 2, 2010[32]

Erika asks Misaki for help after accidentally promising to date a customer against Maid Latte's policy should he win the cafe's all-you-can-eat sweet eating contest. Misaki joins the contest in disguise to ensure he loses, however Hinata ends up beating everyone and gets to choose one maid to serve and take a picture with him. Hinata naturally chooses Misaki as his maid. Satsuki and Erika devise a plan to keep Misaki's secret with a disguise, but Misaki struggles to deceive Hinata and decides to reveal her secret to him. Usui is irritated by her feelings for Hinata and starts to consider him a serious rival. He questions Misaki about their relationship and warns Hinata not to come near Misaki. However, she is only confused by their jealous squabbles.

24
"Lovey-Dovey Through Latte Magic ♥"
"Rate Majikku de Meromerorin ♥" (ラテ・マジックでメロメロリン ♥)
September 9, 2010[33]

The rivalry between Hinata and Usui escalates and Misaki forces them out of the student council room. Misaki's mother meets Hinata, and he accompanies her home where he explains to Misaki that he is trying to find the cherry tree where they used to play. At Maid Latte the next day, the maids are cosplaying characters from the anime "Maid Witches" and Misaki is acting a little nervous around Usui. Hinata arrives and the jealous tension between him and Usui escalates to a point that Usui decides to leave. Hinata asks Misaki to "cast a spell" on him so that he can find the cherry tree. After her shift, Aoi asks Misaki to explain her relationship with Usui. She ponders her answer while taking out the trash and finds Usui waiting for her - also wanting to know the same answer. To hide her embarrassment, Misaki punches Usui, but he blocks it and tells her that he will make his feelings clear instead. He does so by pulling her into an embrace and murmuring a "no-lying" spell in her ear, demanding she answer his question truthfully. She answers somewhat off topic, but stops resisting his hug. Meanwhile, Hinata finds the cherry tree and convinces himself that his meeting with Misaki was fated.

25
"Hinata & Misaki & Usui"
"Hinata to Misaki to Usui-kun" (陽向と美咲と碓氷くん)
September 16, 2010[34]

Hinata reminiscences about his past and, despite being popular with the girls in middle school, he continues to think about Misaki. Sakura invites Misaki and Shizuko to Yumesaki's Culture Festival where UxMishi are playing a concert, assuring Misaki that Kuuga has changed for the better. Usui also gets invited after "begging" Misaki to let him come. At Maid Latte, the café hosts a Fortune Telling Day. As the fortune teller, Erika tells Hinata and Usui that their relationship with Misaki is "flat as a paper balloon" and "incompatible like fire and water" respectively. Usui waits for Misaki to finish her shift and appears depressed about the fortune, provoking Misaki to emotionally ask if he is going to give up on her over of a fortune - and causing her to blush. Hinata overhears and is annoyed. The next day, Hinata helps Misaki clean the school and ends up getting them both wet. With her clothes wet and revealing, Usui covers her with his shirt and accompanies her to get changed. Hinata cries after he realizes what his friends from middle school were warning him about — that Misaki may already be in love with someone else. Later, at the Yumesaki Festival, Misaki and Usui get separated from Sakura and Shizuko in the crowd of UxMishi fans. With no way of reuniting with them, Usui suggests they enjoy the festival together instead.

26
"Too Cruel Ayuzawa & Usui the Idiot!"
"Zurusugiruyo Ayuzawa, Usui no Aho!" (ずるすぎるよ鮎沢、碓氷のアホ！)
September 23, 2010[35]

After fleeing from the crowd, Usui and Misaki join a contest for couples. Despite her initial reluctance, Usui's teasing provokes Misaki and they complete the contest and win special tickets to the post-festival fireworks. After the UxMishi concert, Misaki tries to find Sakura and Shizuko, only to find Kuuga instead. Misaki gets some reassurance that Kuuga is serious about Sakura, while Kuuga wonders why Misaki is not dating Usui yet and accuses her of being cruel to him. After the festival, Misaki and Usui get dressed up in Romeo and Juliet costumes as part of their prize, and go to an empty classroom to get a better view of the fireworks. With Kuuga's words in her thoughts, Misaki confesses to Usui that she does not understand her feelings for him, but wants to be with him. He hugs her, tells her he loves her, and they kiss during the fireworks. Later, they walk around the festival hand in hand. As everyone continues with their daily lives, Suzuna reveals that she knows her sister likes a boy, Aoi is living with Satsuki again and Hinata is still vowing to win Misaki's heart.

OVA
"It's an Omake (New Special Episode)"
"Omake dayo (Shinsaku Tokubetsu Episōdo)" (おまけだよ （新作特別エピソード）)
May 11, 2011 (DVD release)

After getting her maid uniform damaged, Misaki asks Suzuna to fix it while she receives Suzuna's prizes delivered by Shizuko and Sakura. Much to her dismay, her mother and Suzuna try on her fixed maid uniform before finally getting it back on her. While getting a stone to use for making Tsukemono, Hinata and Usui arrive at the Ayuzawa residence to give them some vegetables delivered by Hinata's grandfather. After having dinner, Misaki asks Usui if he is still taking care of the kitten he adopted and he replies that he is, but has not given it a name yet. Misaki suggests that he should name the kitten "Licht" after the tea tin box delivered to Suzuna. Usui thinks it's a great name since "Licht" is German and Dutch for "Light".