document_title: National Human Rights Commission of India

question_text: who is the present chairperson of national human rights commission in india

text: Functions[edit]

text: The Protection of Human Rights Act mandates the NHRC to perform the following functions:[2]

text:
proactively or reactively inquire into violations of government of India human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant
by leave of the court, to intervene in court proceeding relating to human rights
make recommendations about granting relief to the victims and their families.
review the safeguards provided by or under the Constitution or any law for the time being in force for the protection of human rights and recommend measures for their effective implementation
review the factors, including acts of terrorism that inhibit the enjoyment of human rights and recommend appropriate remedial measures
to study treaties and other international instruments on human rights and make recommendations for their effective implementation
undertake and promote research in the field of human rights
engage in human rights education among various sections of society and promote awareness of the safeguards available for the protection of these rights through publications, the media, seminars and other available means
encourage the efforts of NGOs and institutions congress to working in the field of anti human rights.
such other function as it may consider it necessary for the protection of human rights.
requisitioning any public record or copy thereof from any court or office.

text: by sitting and taking application and rejecting then on the basic of sex, caste, income and social status. On the silver jubilee of the National Human Rights Commission, the commission organised a Human Rights mela (festival) at Central Park, Connaught Place, New Delhi on 13th October 2018.

text: Composition[edit]

text: The NHRC consists of:

text:
A Chairperson, should be retired Chief Justice of India (through GoI mulling appointment of retired SC Judges as chairperson[4])
One member who is, or has been, a Judge of the Supreme Court of India
One member who is, or has been, the Chief Justice of a High Court
Two members to be appointed from among persons having knowledge of, or practical experience in, matters relating to human rights
In addition, the Chairpersons of four National Commissions (Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Women and Minorities) serve as ex officio members.

text: The sitting Judge of the Supreme Court or sitting Chief Justice of any High Court can be appointed only after the consultation with the Chief Justice of Supreme Court.

text: Chairman and Members[edit]

text:
Justice JS Kehar is going to be next chairman after H.L. Dattu
The chairman of the NHRC is Justice H. L. Dattu and the other members are:[5]

text:
Justice Pinaki Chandra Ghose, Judge Supreme Court of India
Justice D. Murugesan, Chief Justice of Delhi High Court
Jyotika Kalra

text: Ex-officio members:

text:
Chairperson, National Commission for Scheduled Castes Chairperson, National Commission for Scheduled Tribes
Syed Gayorul Hasan Rizvi, Chairperson, National Commission for Minorities
Rekha Sharma, Chairperson, National Commission for Women

text: State Human Rights Commission[edit]

text: A State Government may constitute a body known as the Human Rights Commission of that State to exercise the powers conferred upon, and to perform the functions assigned to, a State Commission. In accordance to the amendment brought in TPHRA,1993[6] point No.10 below is the list[7] of State Human Rights Commissions formed to perform the functions of the commission as stated under chapter V of TPHRA,1993 (with amendment act 2006). At present, 25 states have constituted SHRC[8]

text:
State Commission
City
Date constituted

Assam Human rights Commission
Guwahati
19 January 1996

Andhra Pradesh State Human rights Commission
Hyderabad
2 August  2006

Bihar Human rights Commission
Patna
3 January 2000

Chhattisgarh Human Rights Commission
Raipur
16 April 2001

Gujarat State Human Rights Commission[9]
Gandhinagar
12 September 2006

Goa Human Rights Commission
Panaji
2011

Meghalaya State Human Right Commission
Shillong
2013

Himachal Pradesh State Human rights Commission
Shimla
--

Jammu & Kashmir Human Rights Commission
Srinagar
January 1997

Kerala State Human Rights Commission
Thiruvananthapuram
11 December 1998

Karnataka State Human Rights Commission
Bangalore
28 June 2005

Madhya Pradesh Human Rights Commission
Bhopal
1 September 1995

Maharashtra State Human Rights Commission
Mumbai
6 March 2001

Manipur State Human Rights Commission
Imphal
2003

Odisha Human rights Commission
Bhubaneswar
27 January 2000

Punjab Human Rights Commission
Chandigarh
1997

Rajasthan State Human rights Commission
Jaipur
18 January 1999

State Human Rights Commission Tamil Nadu
Chennai
17 April 1997

Uttar Pradesh Human Rights Commission
Lucknow
7 October 2002

West Bengal Human Rights Commission
Kolkata
8 January 1994

Jharkhand State Human Rights Commission
Ranchi
2010

Sikkim State Human Rights Commission
Gangtok
18 October 2008

Uttarakhand Human Rights Commission
Dehradun
13 May 2013

Haryana Human Rights Commission
Chandigarh
2012

Tripura Human rights Commission
Agartala
2015

text: Appointment[edit]

text: Section 2 Sections 3 and 4 of TPHRA lay down the rules for appointment to the NHRC. The Chairperson and members of the NHRC are appointed by the President of India, on the recommendation of a committee consisting of:

text:
The Prime Minister (Chairperson)
The Home Minister
The Leader of the Opposition in the Lok Sabha (Lower House)
The Leader of the Opposition in the Rajya Sabha (Upper House)
The Speaker of the Lok Sabha (Lower House)
The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Upper House)

text: Former chairpersons[edit]

text:
SrNo
Name
Tenure

1.
Justice Ranganath Misra
12 October 1993 – 24 November 1996

2.
Justice M N Venkatachaliah
26 November 1996 – 24 October 1999

3.
Justice J S Verma
4 November 1999 – 17 January 2003

4.
Justice A S Anand
17 February 2003 – 31 October 2006

5.
Justice S. Rajendra Babu
2 April 2007  - 31 May 2009

6.
Justice K G Balakrishnan
7 June 2010  -   11 May 2015

7.
Justice H.L. Dattu
29 Feb-2016

text: Acting Chairpersons[edit]

text:
Justice Cyriac Joseph from 11 May 2015 to 28 February 2016
Dr. Justice Shivaraj Patil, from 1 November 2006 to 1 April 2007
Justice G.P. Mathur, from 1 June 2009 to 6 June 2010

text: Controversy[edit]

text: A report concerning the manner of which the Shivani Bhatnagar murder controversy case was rejected, a case which involved high-ranking officials being implicated in the murder of a journalist, opened the organisation up to questioning over the usefulness of human rights commissions set up by the government at the national and state levels.[10]

text: In mid-2011, the chairman of the NHRC, ex-Chief Justice K.G. Balakrishnan came under a cloud for allegedly owning assets disproportionate to his income.[11] His son-in-law P. V. Srinijan, an Indian National Congress politician, had to resign for suddenly coming into possession of land worth Rs. 25 lakhs.[12] Many prominent jurists, including former CJ J. S. Verma, SC ex-Judge V. R. Krishna Iyer, noted jurist Fali S. Nariman, former NHRC member Sudarshan Agrawal and prominent activist lawyer Prashant Bhushan, have called on Balakrishnan's resignation pending from the HRC pending inquiry.[13] In February 2012, the Supreme Court inquired of the government regarding the status of the inquiry.[14]

text: Human Rights Campaign's recommendations[edit]

text: NHRC held that 16 out of 19 police encounters with suspected maoists in Guntur and Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh, prior to 2002 were fake and recommended to Government payment of compensation of Rs 5 lakh each to the kin of the families.[15]


document_title: Sleeping Single in a Double Bed

question_text: who sang sleeping single in a double bed

root

text: Sleeping Single in a Double Bed

text:
"Sleeping Single in a Double Bed"

Single by Barbara Mandrell

from the album Moods

B-side
"Just One More of Your Goodbyes"

Released
August 1, 1978

Recorded
1978

Genre
Country

Length
2:20

Label
ABC

Songwriter(s)
Kye Fleming
Dennis Morgan

Producer(s)
Tom Collins

Barbara Mandrell singles chronology

"Tonight"
(1978)
"Sleeping Single in a Double Bed"
(1978)
"(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right"
(1979)

"Tonight"
(1978)
"Sleeping Single in a Double Bed"
(1978)
"(If Loving You Is Wrong) I Don't Want to Be Right"
(1979)

tag: table

text: "Sleeping Single In a Double Bed" is a song written by Kye Fleming and Dennis Morgan, and recorded by American country music artist Barbara Mandrell. It was released in August 1978 as the first single from her album Moods. "Sleeping Single In a Double Bed" was Barbara Mandrell's twenty-sixth chart hit on Billboard magazine's Hot Country Singles, the first of her six #1 singles on that chart. The single stayed at the top for three weeks (November 1978) and spent a total of eleven weeks in the top 40.[1] In early 1980, the song won an American Music Award for Favorite Country Single.

tag: p

text: Chart performance[edit]

text:
Chart (1978)
Peak
position

US Hot Country Songs (Billboard)[2]
1

US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[3]
2

Canadian RPM Country Tracks
1


document_title: List of United States Supreme Court Justices by time in office

question_text: who has been on the court the longest

question_tokens: who has been on the court the longest

text:
13,358 days
William O. Douglas
from 1939 to 1975

12,614 days
Stephen Johnson Field
from 1863 to 1897

12,611 days
John Paul Stevens
from 1975 to 2010

12,570 days
John Marshall
from 1801 to 1835

12,447 days
Hugo Black
from 1937 to 1971

12,360 days
John Marshall Harlan
from 1877 to 1911

887 days
Howell Edmunds Jackson
from 1893 to 1895

801 days
Robert Trimble
from 1826 to 1828

563 days
John Rutledge
from 1790 to 1791 and in 1795

452 days
James F. Byrnes
from 1941 to 1942

7002181000000000000♠181 days
Neil Gorsuch
since 2017

163 days
Thomas Johnson
from 1792 to 1793

text: A total of 113 Justices have served on the Supreme Court of the United States, the highest judicial body in the United States. Justices have life tenure, and so they serve until they die in office, resign or retire, or are impeached and removed from office (which has never happened; the one impeached Justice was acquitted). The longest-serving member of the current court is Associate Justice Anthony Kennedy, with a term to date of 7004108250000000000♠10,825 days (29 years). For the 104 non-incumbent justices, the mean length of service was 6,112 days (16.7 years) with a standard deviation of 3,620 days (9.9 years). The median length of service was 5,740 days (15.7 years). Their period of service ranges from William O. Douglas's 13,358 days (36 years) on the Court to the 163-day tenure of Thomas Johnson.

text: A nominee who was confirmed by the United States Senate but declined to serve, such as Robert H. Harrison, or who died before taking his seat, such as Edwin M. Stanton, is not considered to have served as a Justice.[1][2] The Term Start date is the day the Justice took the oath of office,[1] with the Term End date being the date of the Justice's death, resignation, or retirement.[1] A highlighted row indicates that the Justice is currently serving on the Court.[3]

text: Justices[edit]

text:
*Chief Justice
†Term as Associate Justice and Chief Justice combined

text:
Rank by
length
of term
Justice
Term
in
days
Term Start[1]
Term End[1]

1
Douglas, William O.William O. Douglas
7004133580000000000♠13,358
000000001939-04-17-0000April 17, 1939
000000001975-11-12-0000November 12, 1975

2
Field, Stephen JohnsonStephen Johnson Field
7004126140000000000♠12,614
000000001863-05-20-0000May 20, 1863
000000001897-12-01-0000December 1, 1897

3
Stevens, John PaulJohn Paul Stevens
7004126110000000000♠12,611
000000001975-12-19-0000December 19, 1975
000000002010-06-29-0000June 29, 2010

4
Marshall, JohnJohn Marshall*
7004125700000000000♠12,570
000000001801-02-04-0000February 4, 1801
000000001835-07-06-0000July 6, 1835

5
Black, HugoHugo Black
7004124470000000000♠12,447
000000001937-08-19-0000August 19, 1937
000000001971-09-17-0000September 17, 1971

6
Harlan, John MarshallJohn Marshall Harlan
7004123600000000000♠12,360
000000001877-12-10-0000December 10, 1877
000000001911-10-14-0000October 14, 1911

7
Brennan Jr., William J.William J. Brennan Jr.
7004123300000000000♠12,330
000000001956-10-16-0000October 16, 1956
000000001990-07-20-0000July 20, 1990

8
Rehnquist, WilliamWilliam Rehnquist*
7004122930000000000♠12,293†
000000001972-01-07-0000January 7, 1972
000000002005-09-03-0000September 3, 2005†

9
Story, JosephJoseph Story
7004122730000000000♠12,273
000000001812-02-03-0000February 3, 1812
000000001845-09-10-0000September 10, 1845

10
Wayne, James MooreJames Moore Wayne
7004118600000000000♠11,860
000000001835-01-14-0000January 14, 1835
000000001867-07-05-0000July 5, 1867

11
McLean, JohnJohn McLean
7004114060000000000♠11,406
000000001830-01-11-0000January 11, 1830
000000001861-04-04-0000April 4, 1861

12
White, ByronByron White
7004113960000000000♠11,396
000000001962-04-16-0000April 16, 1962
000000001993-06-28-0000June 28, 1993

13
Washington, BushrodBushrod Washington
7004112520000000000♠11,252
000000001799-02-04-0000February 4, 1799
000000001829-11-26-0000November 26, 1829

14
Johnson, WilliamWilliam Johnson
7004110460000000000♠11,046
000000001804-05-07-0000May 7, 1804
000000001834-08-04-0000August 4, 1834

15
Kennedy, AnthonyAnthony Kennedy
7004108250000000000♠10,825
000000001988-02-18-0000February 18, 1988
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

16
Scalia, AntoninAntonin Scalia
7004107320000000000♠10,732
000000001986-09-26-0000September 26, 1986
000000002016-02-13-0000February 13, 2016

17
Holmes, Oliver WendellOliver Wendell Holmes
7004106270000000000♠10,627
000000001902-12-08-0000December 8, 1902
000000001932-01-12-0000January 12, 1932

18
Taney, Roger B.Roger B. Taney*
7004104250000000000♠10,425
000000001836-03-28-0000March 28, 1836
000000001864-10-12-0000October 12, 1864

19
Miller, Samuel FreemanSamuel Freeman Miller
7004103110000000000♠10,311
000000001862-07-21-0000July 21, 1862
000000001890-10-13-0000October 13, 1890

20
Catron, JohnJohn Catron
7004102560000000000♠10,256
000000001837-05-01-0000May 1, 1837
000000001865-05-30-0000May 30, 1865

21
Nelson, SamuelSamuel Nelson
7004101360000000000♠10,136
000000001845-02-27-0000February 27, 1845
000000001872-11-28-0000November 28, 1872

22
White, Edward DouglassEdward Douglass White*
7003992900000000000♠9,929†
000000001894-03-12-0000March 12, 1894
000000001921-05-19-0000May 19, 1921†

23
McKenna, JosephJoseph McKenna
7003984000000000000♠9,840
000000001898-01-26-0000January 26, 1898
000000001925-01-05-0000January 5, 1925

24
Van Devanter, WillisWillis Van Devanter
7003964700000000000♠9,647
000000001911-01-03-0000January 3, 1911
000000001937-06-02-0000June 2, 1937

25
McReynolds, James ClarkJames Clark McReynolds
7003960800000000000♠9,608
000000001914-10-12-0000October 12, 1914
000000001941-01-31-0000January 31, 1941

26
Thomas, ClarenceClarence Thomas
7003948200000000000♠9,482
000000001991-10-23-0000October 23, 1991
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

27
O'Connor, Sandra DaySandra Day O'Connor
7003889400000000000♠8,894
000000001981-09-25-0000September 25, 1981
000000002006-01-31-0000January 31, 2006

28
Ginsburg, Ruth BaderRuth Bader Ginsburg
7003882500000000000♠8,825
000000001993-08-10-0000August 10, 1993
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

29
Blackmun, HarryHarry Blackmun
7003882100000000000♠8,821
000000001970-06-09-0000June 9, 1970
000000001994-08-03-0000August 3, 1994

30
Marshall, ThurgoodThurgood Marshall
7003876500000000000♠8,765
000000001967-10-02-0000October 2, 1967
000000001991-10-01-0000October 1, 1991

31
Frankfurter, FelixFelix Frankfurter
7003861100000000000♠8,611
000000001939-01-30-0000January 30, 1939
000000001962-08-28-0000August 28, 1962

32
Clifford, NathanNathan Clifford
7003858600000000000♠8,586
000000001858-01-21-0000January 21, 1858
000000001881-07-25-0000July 25, 1881

33
Grier, Robert CooperRobert Cooper Grier
7003857500000000000♠8,575
000000001846-08-10-0000August 10, 1846
000000001870-01-31-0000January 31, 1870

34
Breyer, StephenStephen Breyer
7003846700000000000♠8,467
000000001994-08-03-0000August 3, 1994
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

35
Duvall, GabrielGabriel Duvall
7003845300000000000♠8,453
000000001811-11-23-0000November 23, 1811
000000001835-01-14-0000January 14, 1835

36
Stewart, PotterPotter Stewart
7003829800000000000♠8,298
000000001958-10-14-0000October 14, 1958
000000001981-07-03-0000July 3, 1981

37
Brandeis, LouisLouis Brandeis
7003828800000000000♠8,288
000000001916-06-05-0000June 5, 1916
000000001939-02-13-0000February 13, 1939

38
Bradley, Joseph P.Joseph P. Bradley
7003797500000000000♠7,975
000000001870-03-23-0000March 23, 1870
000000001892-01-22-0000January 22, 1892

39
Fuller, MelvilleMelville Fuller*
7003793800000000000♠7,938
000000001888-10-08-0000October 8, 1888
000000001910-07-04-0000July 4, 1910

40
Stone, Harlan F.Harlan F. Stone*
7003772100000000000♠7,721†
000000001925-03-02-0000March 2, 1925
000000001946-04-22-0000April 22, 1946†

41
Gray, HoraceHorace Gray
7003755300000000000♠7,553
000000001882-01-09-0000January 9, 1882
000000001902-09-15-0000September 15, 1902

42
Cushing, WilliamWilliam Cushing
7003752700000000000♠7,527
000000001790-02-02-0000February 2, 1790
000000001810-09-13-0000September 13, 1810

43
Thompson, SmithSmith Thompson
7003741300000000000♠7,413
000000001823-09-01-0000September 1, 1823
000000001843-12-18-0000December 18, 1843

44
Brewer, David JosiahDavid Josiah Brewer
7003738500000000000♠7,385
000000001890-01-06-0000January 6, 1890
000000001910-03-28-0000March 28, 1910

45
Day, William R.William R. Day
7003719600000000000♠7,196
000000001903-03-02-0000March 2, 1903
000000001922-11-13-0000November 13, 1922

46
Reed, Stanley FormanStanley Forman Reed
7003696500000000000♠6,965
000000001938-01-31-0000January 31, 1938
000000001957-02-25-0000February 25, 1957

47
Swayne, Noah HaynesNoah Haynes Swayne
7003693700000000000♠6,937
000000001862-01-27-0000January 27, 1862
000000001881-01-24-0000January 24, 1881

48
Todd, ThomasThomas Todd
7003685400000000000♠6,854
000000001807-05-04-0000May 4, 1807
000000001826-02-07-0000February 7, 1826

49
Souter, DavidDavid Souter
7003683800000000000♠6,838
000000001990-10-09-0000October 9, 1990
000000002009-06-29-0000June 29, 2009

50
Daniel, Peter VivianPeter Vivian Daniel
7003671600000000000♠6,716
000000001842-01-10-0000January 10, 1842
000000001860-05-31-0000May 31, 1860

51
Clark, Tom C.Tom C. Clark
7003650100000000000♠6,501
000000001949-08-24-0000August 24, 1949
000000001967-06-12-0000June 12, 1967

52
Burger, Warren E.Warren E. Burger*
7003630400000000000♠6,304
000000001969-06-23-0000June 23, 1969
000000001986-09-26-0000September 26, 1986

53
Hughes, Charles EvansCharles Evans Hughes*
7003621400000000000♠6,214†
000000001910-10-10-0000October 10, 1910
February 24, 1930*
000000001916-06-10-0000June 10, 1916
June 30, 1941*

54
Butler, PiercePierce Butler
7003616200000000000♠6,162
000000001923-01-02-0000January 2, 1923
000000001939-11-16-0000November 16, 1939

55
Harlan II, John MarshallJohn Marshall Harlan II
7003602300000000000♠6,023
000000001955-03-28-0000March 28, 1955
000000001971-09-23-0000September 23, 1971

56
Livingston, Henry BrockholstHenry Brockholst Livingston
7003590100000000000♠5,901
000000001807-01-20-0000January 20, 1807
000000001823-03-18-0000March 18, 1823

57
Warren, EarlEarl Warren*
7003574000000000000♠5,740
000000001953-10-05-0000October 5, 1953
000000001969-06-23-0000June 23, 1969

58
Powell, Lewis FranklinLewis Franklin Powell
7003564900000000000♠5,649
000000001972-01-07-0000January 7, 1972
000000001987-06-26-0000June 26, 1987

59
Brown, Henry BillingsHenry Billings Brown
7003562100000000000♠5,621
000000001891-01-05-0000January 5, 1891
000000001906-05-28-0000May 28, 1906

60
Chase, SamuelSamuel Chase
7003561300000000000♠5,613
000000001796-02-04-0000February 4, 1796
000000001811-06-19-0000June 19, 1811

61
Sutherland, GeorgeGeorge Sutherland
7003558600000000000♠5,586
000000001922-10-02-0000October 2, 1922
000000001938-01-17-0000January 17, 1938

62
Roberts, OwenOwen Roberts
7003553800000000000♠5,538
000000001930-06-02-0000June 2, 1930
000000001945-07-31-0000July 31, 1945

63
McKinley, JohnJohn McKinley
7003530500000000000♠5,305
000000001838-01-09-0000January 9, 1838
000000001852-07-19-0000July 19, 1852

64
Baldwin, HenryHenry Baldwin
7003520700000000000♠5,207
000000001830-01-18-0000January 18, 1830
000000001844-04-21-0000April 21, 1844

65
Davis, DavidDavid Davis
7003519800000000000♠5,198
000000001862-12-10-0000December 10, 1862
000000001877-03-04-0000March 4, 1877

66
Waite, MorrisonMorrison Waite*
7003513300000000000♠5,133
000000001874-03-04-0000March 4, 1874
000000001888-03-23-0000March 23, 1888

67
Peckham, Rufus WheelerRufus Wheeler Peckham
7003503900000000000♠5,039
000000001896-01-06-0000January 6, 1896
000000001909-10-24-0000October 24, 1909

68
Paterson, WilliamWilliam Paterson
7003492900000000000♠4,929
000000001793-03-11-0000March 11, 1793
000000001806-09-09-0000September 9, 1806

69
Jackson, Robert H.Robert H. Jackson
7003483800000000000♠4,838
000000001941-07-11-0000July 11, 1941
000000001954-10-09-0000October 9, 1954

70
Burton, Harold HitzHarold Hitz Burton
7003476000000000000♠4,760
000000001945-10-01-0000October 1, 1945
000000001958-10-13-0000October 13, 1958

71
Roberts, JohnJohn Roberts*
7003439200000000000♠4,392
000000002005-09-29-0000September 29, 2005
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

72
Alito, SamuelSamuel Alito
7003426800000000000♠4,268
000000002006-01-31-0000January 31, 2006
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

73
Blatchford, SamuelSamuel Blatchford
7003411300000000000♠4,113
000000001882-04-03-0000April 3, 1882
000000001893-07-07-0000July 7, 1893

74
Pitney, MahlonMahlon Pitney
7003394000000000000♠3,940
000000001912-03-18-0000March 18, 1912
000000001922-12-31-0000December 31, 1922

75
Strong, WilliamWilliam Strong
7003392800000000000♠3,928
000000001870-03-14-0000March 14, 1870
000000001880-12-14-0000December 14, 1880

76
Shiras Jr., GeorgeGeorge Shiras Jr.
7003378700000000000♠3,787
000000001892-10-10-0000October 10, 1892
000000001903-02-23-0000February 23, 1903

77
Murphy, FrankFrank Murphy
7003345200000000000♠3,452
000000001940-02-05-0000February 5, 1940
000000001949-07-19-0000July 19, 1949

78
Iredell, JamesJames Iredell
7003344800000000000♠3,448
000000001790-05-12-0000May 12, 1790
000000001799-10-20-0000October 20, 1799

79
Hunt, WardWard Hunt
7003330500000000000♠3,305
000000001873-01-09-0000January 9, 1873
000000001882-01-27-0000January 27, 1882

80
Wilson, JamesJames Wilson
7003324200000000000♠3,242
000000001789-10-05-0000October 5, 1789
000000001798-08-21-0000August 21, 1798

81
Taft, William HowardWilliam Howard Taft*
7003312900000000000♠3,129
000000001921-07-11-0000July 11, 1921
000000001930-02-03-0000February 3, 1930

82
Chase, Salmon P.Salmon P. Chase*
7003306500000000000♠3,065
000000001864-12-15-0000December 15, 1864
000000001873-05-07-0000May 7, 1873

83
Sotomayor, SoniaSonia Sotomayor
7003298300000000000♠2,983
000000002009-08-08-0000August 8, 2009
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

84
Campbell, John ArchibaldJohn Archibald Campbell
7003294100000000000♠2,941
000000001853-04-11-0000April 11, 1853
000000001861-04-30-0000April 30, 1861

85
Matthews, StanleyStanley Matthews
7003286600000000000♠2,866
000000001881-05-17-0000May 17, 1881
000000001889-03-22-0000March 22, 1889

86
Vinson, Fred M.Fred M. Vinson*
7003263300000000000♠2,633
000000001946-06-24-0000June 24, 1946
000000001953-09-08-0000September 8, 1953

87
Kagan, ElenaElena Kagan
7003261900000000000♠2,619
000000002010-08-07-0000August 7, 2010
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

88
Sanford, Edward TerryEdward Terry Sanford
7003257400000000000♠2,574
000000001923-02-19-0000February 19, 1923
000000001930-03-08-0000March 8, 1930

89
Minton, ShermanSherman Minton
7003256000000000000♠2,560
000000001949-10-12-0000October 12, 1949
000000001956-10-15-0000October 15, 1956

90
Rutledge, Wiley BlountWiley Blount Rutledge
7003239900000000000♠2,399
000000001943-02-15-0000February 15, 1943
000000001949-09-10-0000September 10, 1949

91
Woods, William BurnhamWilliam Burnham Woods
7003232000000000000♠2,320
000000001881-01-05-0000January 5, 1881
000000001887-05-14-0000May 14, 1887

92
Cardozo, Benjamin N.Benjamin N. Cardozo
7003230800000000000♠2,308
000000001932-03-14-0000March 14, 1932
000000001938-07-09-0000July 9, 1938

93
Curtis, Benjamin RobbinsBenjamin Robbins Curtis
7003218200000000000♠2,182
000000001851-10-10-0000October 10, 1851
000000001857-09-30-0000September 30, 1857

94
Woodbury, LeviLevi Woodbury
7003217200000000000♠2,172
000000001845-09-23-0000September 23, 1845
000000001851-09-04-0000September 4, 1851

95
Clarke, John HessinJohn Hessin Clarke
7003217000000000000♠2,170
000000001916-10-09-0000October 9, 1916
000000001922-09-18-0000September 18, 1922

96
Blair, JohnJohn Blair
7003209100000000000♠2,091
000000001790-02-02-0000February 2, 1790
000000001795-10-25-0000October 25, 1795

97
Jay, JohnJohn Jay*
7003207900000000000♠2,079
000000001789-10-19-0000October 19, 1789
000000001795-06-29-0000June 29, 1795

98 (tie)
Lamar, Lucius Quintus CincinnatusLucius Quintus Cincinnatus Lamar
7003183200000000000♠1,832
000000001888-01-18-0000January 18, 1888
000000001893-01-23-0000January 23, 1893

98 (tie)
Whittaker, Charles EvansCharles Evans Whittaker
7003183200000000000♠1,832
000000001957-03-25-0000March 25, 1957
000000001962-03-31-0000March 31, 1962

100
Lamar, Joseph RuckerJoseph Rucker Lamar
7003182500000000000♠1,825
000000001911-01-03-0000January 3, 1911
000000001916-01-02-0000January 2, 1916

101
Barbour, Philip PendletonPhilip Pendleton Barbour
7003175000000000000♠1,750
000000001836-05-12-0000May 12, 1836
000000001841-02-25-0000February 25, 1841

102
Ellsworth, OliverOliver Ellsworth*
7003174200000000000♠1,742
000000001796-03-08-0000March 8, 1796
000000001800-12-15-0000December 15, 1800

103
Lurton, Horace HarmonHorace Harmon Lurton
7003165100000000000♠1,651
000000001910-01-03-0000January 3, 1910
000000001914-07-12-0000July 12, 1914

104
Moody, William HenryWilliam Henry Moody
7003143400000000000♠1,434
000000001906-12-17-0000December 17, 1906
000000001910-11-20-0000November 20, 1910

105
Moore, AlfredAlfred Moore
7003137500000000000♠1,375
000000001800-04-21-0000April 21, 1800
000000001804-01-26-0000January 26, 1804

106
Fortas, AbeAbe Fortas
7003131800000000000♠1,318
000000001965-10-04-0000October 4, 1965
000000001969-05-14-0000May 14, 1969

107
Goldberg, ArthurArthur Goldberg
7003102800000000000♠1,028
000000001962-10-01-0000October 1, 1962
000000001965-07-25-0000July 25, 1965

108
Jackson, Howell EdmundsHowell Edmunds Jackson
7002887000000000000♠887
000000001893-03-04-0000March 4, 1893
000000001895-08-08-0000August 8, 1895

109
Trimble, RobertRobert Trimble
7002801000000000000♠801
000000001826-06-16-0000June 16, 1826
000000001828-08-25-0000August 25, 1828

110
Rutledge, JohnJohn Rutledge*
7002563000000000000♠563†
000000001790-02-15-0000February 15, 1790
July 1, 1795*
000000001795-12-28-0000March 5, 1791
December 28, 1795*

111
Byrnes, James F.James F. Byrnes
7002452000000000000♠452
000000001941-07-08-0000July 8, 1941
000000001942-10-03-0000October 3, 1942

112
Gorsuch, NeilNeil Gorsuch
7002181000000000000♠181
000000002017-04-10-0000April 10, 2017
000000002017-10-08-0000Incumbent

113
Johnson, ThomasThomas Johnson
7002163000000000000♠163
000000001792-08-06-0000August 6, 1792
000000001793-01-16-0000January 16, 1793


document_title: Minister of Finance (Sri Lanka)

question_text: who is the first money minister of sri lanka

text: Minister of Finance (Sri Lanka)

text:
Minister of Finance of Sri Lanka

Incumbent
Mangala Samaraweera
since 22 May 2017

Ministry of Finance and Planning

Appointer
The President with advice of Prime Minister

Inaugural holder
Junius Richard Jayewardene

Formation
26 September 1947

Website
www.treasury.gov.lk

text: The Minister of Finance is an appointment in the Cabinet of Sri Lanka. The post was created in 1947 with the Ceylon gaining independence and establishing self governess. The post has always been held by a senior member of the ruling party and in the recent years by the President with a deputy minister. The post has been known as Minister of Finance & Planning, when the portfolio includes national planning.

text: List of Finance Ministers[edit]

text: United National Party (10)   Sri Lanka Freedom Party (9)   Lanka Sama Samaja Party (1)

text:
Name
Portrait
Party
Tenure
Head(s) of Government
Ministerial title

Junius Richard Jayewardene
(1st term)

United National Party
26 September 1947 - 13 October 1953

Don Stephen Senanayake
Ministry of Finance and the Treasury of Ceylon

Dudley Senanayake

Oliver Goonetilleke
(1st term)

United National Party
14 October 1953 - 30 June 1954
John Kotelawala

M. D. H. Jayawardena

United National Party
1 July 1954 - 18 February 1956

Stanley de Zoysa

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
12 April 1956 - 22 November 1959

S. W. R. D. Bandaranaike

Wijeyananda Dahanayake

M. M. Musthapa

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
22 November 1959 - 5 December 1959

Oliver Goonetilleke
(2nd term)

United National Party
21 March 1960 - 23 April 1960

Dudley Senanayake

J. R. Jayewardene
(2nd term)

United National Party |
24 April 1960 - 20 July 1960

Felix Dias Bandaranaike
(1st term)

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
21 July 1960 - 24 August 1962

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

C. P. de Silva

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
28 August 1962 - 8 November 1962

P. B. G. Kalugalla

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
9 November 1962 - 10 May 1963

T. B. Ilangaratne

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
29 May 1963 - 10 June 1964

N. M. Perera
(1st term)

Lanka Sama Samaja Party
11 June 1964 - 17 December 1964

U. B. Wanninayake

United National Party
27 March 1965 - 25 March 1970

Dudley Senanayake

N. M. Perera
(2nd term)

Lanka Sama Samaja Party
10 May 1970 - 2 September 1975

Sirimavo Bandaranaike

Felix Dias Bandaranaike
(2nd term)

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
3 September 1975 - 18 May 1977

Ronnie de Mel

United National Party
23 July 1977 - 18 January 1988

Junius Richard Jayewardene

Naina Marikkar

United National Party
18 January 1988 - 3 January 1989
Ranasinghe Premadasa

Dingiri Banda Wijetunga

United National Party
18 February 1989 - 31 August 1994

Dingiri Banda Wijetunga

Chandrika Kumaratunga

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
30 September 1994 - 5 December 2001

Chandrika Kumaratunga

K. N. Choksy

United National Party
12 December 2001 - 2 April 2004

Sarath Amunugama

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
14 April 2004 – 22 November 2005

Mahinda Rajapaksa

Sri Lanka Freedom Party
23 November 2005 – 9 January 2015
Mahinda Rajapaksa
Minister of Finance and Planning

Ravi Karunanayake

United National Party
12 January 2015 - 22 May 2017
Maithripala Sirisena

Mangala Samaraweera

United National Party
22 May 2017 - Present
Maithripala Sirisena


document_title: Northwestern University School of Education and Social Policy

question_text: northwestern school of education and social policy ranking

text: Undergraduate program[edit]

text: The School of Education and Social Policy offers undergraduates the opportunity to choose from four concentrations leading to a bachelor’s degree:

text: Human Development and Psychological Services (HDPS)[edit]

text: The Human Development and Psychological Services concentration examines the influences of the family, the schools, the community and the workplace on human development. Students in the program study both systems and individual approaches to the study of human psychopathology, growth and adaptation. Core course work addresses the following topics:[5]

text:
Lifespan human development
Counseling Intervention strategies
Group dynamics
Social policy and the human services

tag: ul

text: Learning and Organizational Change (LOC)[edit]

text: Learning and Organizational Change explores how organizations and the individuals within them use knowledge and learning to create and respond to change within their environments. LOC addresses the forces of change including technology, globalization, and changing demographics, and the theories and applications of learning, management, innovation and knowledge sharing. The interdisciplinary program draws upon current research in the fields of learning sciences and organization behavior. It also draws on the disciplines of economics, anthropology, psychology, sociology and computer science to aid students in understanding and influencing change. Core course work addresses topics such as:[6]

text:
Learning theory
Organizational theory
Education in work
Adult development
Organizational change

text: LOC classes often involve project work in teams, presentations, frequent discussion and designing tools and initiatives for local clients. Many courses include working for clients on real-world organizational problems.  Clients stem from an array of corporations, non-profit organizations and schools in the Chicago community.

text: Secondary Teaching[edit]

text: The Secondary Teaching Program combines course work in the liberal arts with professional education courses. Students earn a Bachelor of Science in Education and Social Policy (BSEd) from the School of Education and Social Policy as well as earning a recommendation for certification through entitlement for Secondary teaching grades 6-12 or K-12 teaching for art and foreign languages. Illinois certification can be earned in a wide range of majors within the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, including science certification with biology, chemistry, or physics designation; social science with history, sociology, political science, or economics designation; art, English, mathematics, French, German, Latin or Spanish. The program has been granted Approved Program status by the Illinois State Board of Education.[7]

text: Students in the Secondary Teaching program engage in subject matter preparation, a combination of clinical experience (practicum) and a full-time student teaching internship, which generally meet the certification requirements for other states. In the recent past, students who have completed the secondary education program have gone on to receive certification in  Maryland, Minnesota, New York, California, Wisconsin and other states. Undergraduate students in the Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences and the Bienen School of Music may also earn secondary teacher certification by completing the same requirements, as well completing the requirements of the degree in which they are enrolled.

text: Elementary certification may be obtained through the Master’s of Science in Education (MSEd) Program. A special education masters program is also available to students, and is housed in the Communications Sciences and Disorders (CSD) department of the School of Communication.

text: Social Policy[edit]

text: The Social Policy Program explores how policies function as the guiding principles that serve as the foundation for social programs. The Social Policy Program analyzes the ways in which social policies and social institutions influence the course of human lives, and the ways in which people can influence social policies. The program provides a background in the social sciences and a familiarity with current social policy issues. The interdisciplinary program also draws upon current research in the fields of African American studies, anthropology, communication studies, economics, gender studies, history, philosophy, political science, public health, and sociology. Core course work explores the development of public policy in such fields as:[8]

text:
Education
Poverty
Urban systems
Social welfare
Child care and development
Aging

text: Junior Year practicum[edit]

text: Juniors in HDPS, LOC, or Social Policy are required to complete a one-term, off-campus, unpaid internship in organization relevant to their academic concentration and interests.[9] They may choose between three locations: Chicago during the school year, and San Francisco and Washington, D.C. during the summer. A major component of the practicum is for students to compile extensive field notes of their experience and attend a concurrent seminar in which they systematically examine their on-site experiences. In the past, students have worked at a variety of non-profit and government organizations, including Amnesty International, Chicago Public Schools, the US Department of State and the Brookings Institution.

text: Graduate program[edit]

text: The School of Education and Social Policy offers five graduate degree options:

text: Master of Arts in Learning Sciences (LSMA)[edit]

text: The Master of Arts in Learning Sciences program is a full-time, 11-month course of study that prepares researchers, developers and practitioners to advance the scientific understanding and practice of teaching and learning.[10] The masters' program focuses on learning from three interacting perspectives, namely, cognition, design and social context. While some aspects of the program are fixed (e.g., required courses), there is flexibility to allow students to tailor their courses and project work to suit their own particular interests. As the program progresses, students are given increasing options for electives, and they join research teams composed of faculty and PhD students, allowing for in-depth research experience.

text: Master of Science in Education (MSEd) Program[edit]

text: The Master of Science in Education program is a teacher preparation program. The MSEd program prepares professionals who are dedicated to and skilled at helping individuals of all ages improve themselves through education in the contexts of school, family, community and work. Students in the MSEd program pursue one of four concentrations:[11]

text:
Elementary Teaching
Secondary Teaching
Advanced Teaching
Higher Education Administration and Policy

text: There are 15 courses required to complete the program. Students can choose to take courses full- or part-time, and students typically finish the program in one to two years. Students are required to complete a Master's Project as part of the program. For the Master's Project, students explore personal questions of interest and concern.

text: Master of Science in Learning and Organizational Change (MSLOC)[edit]

text:
The Master of Science in Learning and Organizational Change (MSLOC) program at Northwestern University is designed to strengthen the ability of  working professionals to use people management and learning practices to lead strategic and sustainable organizational change.[12]
The program focuses on issues that traditionally fall into categories such as change management, organizational development, knowledge management, leadership development and organizational learning.

text: Doctor of Philosophy in Learning Sciences (LS PhD)[edit]

text: In 1991, Northwestern initiated the first learning sciences doctoral program in the world, designed by and launched by Roy Pea as its first director. The program began accepting students in 1992. The Learning Sciences PhD program is a research-focused program leading to the Doctor of Philosophy degree. The program is designed to prepare researchers, developers and practitioners qualified to advance the scientific understanding and practice of teaching and learning. The goal of research and development efforts of the Learning Sciences is to develop pedagogical, technological and social policy innovations aimed at improving education. In addition to studying innovation, course work and research, both the PhD and MA Learning Sciences programs emphasize design as well as implementation of learning environments with a reform agenda.[13]

text: Doctor of Philosophy in Human Development and Social Policy (HDSP PhD)[edit]

text: The Human Development and Social Policy (HDSP) doctoral program, founded in 1981 under the leadership of Dr. Bernice Neugarten, prepares students to conduct research to understand and to address human problems that pose challenges to society in the new century. The aim the program is to improve human lives by examining and understanding how policies affect the lives of people, and how people can analyze and affect policy. The program covers interdisciplinary understanding of how people develop, how various experiences and contexts affect human lives, the underlying logic of program design and evaluation, and the ways in which political agendas are set and how political forces distribute opportunities in a democracy.[14]

text: Special programs[edit]

text: In addition to the undergraduate and graduate programs, SESP also offers two specialized programs:

text: Alternative certification (NU-TEACH)[edit]

text: NU-TEACH is an alternative teacher certification program, provided in collaboration with the Inner-City Teaching Corps (ICTC), the Chicago Teaching Fellows, and Chicago Public Schools. Those who enroll in the program engage in a summer of course work at Northwestern as well as supervised student teaching in Chicago schools. After formal course work, students move to their own classrooms for a year under the mentorship of a master teacher. Successful completion of the year results in an initial alternative certificate, permitting participants to teach in Chicago for four years before applying for a standard certificate.[15]

text: NU-TEACH started in summer 1998 with 30 interns, and the program has grown each year, placing dozens of teachers in Chicago elementary, middle and high schools.

text: Multidisciplinary Program in Education Sciences (MPES)[edit]

text: The Multidisciplinary Program in Education Sciences is an interdisciplinary doctoral training program intended to develop scholars trained to conduct relevant and reliable research on pressing policy and practice issues in education. The program integrates training in statistics, evaluation, cognition and learning, and education policy. Program hallmarks are interdisciplinary teaching and mentoring of fellows by core and affiliated Northwesternfaculty engaged in education-focused research. Successful graduates of the program receive a Certificate in Education Sciences in addition to a doctorate in their discipline.[16]

text: Affiliated projects and centers[edit]

text:
ABCD Institute
Center for Connected Learning
Center for Curriculum Materials in Science
Center for Learning and Organizational Change
Center for Talent Development
Foley Center
Institute for Policy Research

text: Rankings[edit]

text: The graduate school at SESP consistently ranks among the top graduate schools of education nationally. The most recent ranking by U.S. News & World Report places SESP at 7th nationwide.[17]

text: Notable alumni[edit]

text:
Michael Bakalis (B.S. 1959, M.A. 1962, Ph.D 1966), former Deputy Secretary of Education in the US Department of Education, chairman of the Illinois' Education Accountability Task Force
D'Wayne Bates (B.S. 1998), professional American football player
Robert Boone (1975), founder of Young Chicago Authors, author of Inside Job: A Life of Teaching
Clinton Bristow (B.S. 1971), former president, Alcorn State University
Ronald Burton (B.S. 1960), Boston Patriots first American Football League draft choice, member of the College Football Hall of Fame
Wendy Chamberlin (B.S. 1970), president, Middle East Institute; former U.S. ambassador to Pakistan; former assistant administrator, USAID Bureau for Asia and the Near East
Evan Eschmeyer (B.S. 1998), professional basketball player
Pat Fitzgerald (B.S. 1996), current head coach of the Northwestern University Wildcats American football team
Otto Graham (B.S. 1944), professional American football quarterback, member of the Pro Football Hall of Fame
Austin King (B.S. 2003), professional American football player
Stanley Krippner (M.S. 1957, Ph.D 1961), psychology professor, Saybrook Institute; 2003 recipient of the Ashley Montagu Peace Award
Mark Loretta (B.S. 1993), professional baseball player
Billy McKinney (B.S. 1977), former professional basketball player, former executive vice president, Seattle SuperSonics and Seattle Storm professional basketball teams
Lorraine H. Morton (M.A. 1942), former mayor of Evanston, Illinois
Kelly O'Donnell (B.S. 1987), White House correspondent for NBC News
Marty Riessen (B.S. 1964), professional tennis player
Ronald Riley (B.S. 1971), Presiding Judge, Sixth District, Cook County Circuit Court, Chicago
Crispin Sanchez (Ph.D), advocate for education and athletics among Mexican Americans in South Texas
Wayne Watson (B.S. 1969, M.S. 1970, Ph.D 1972), president, Chicago State University; former chancellor, City Colleges of Chicago
Richard E. Wiley (B.S. 1955), former chairman of the U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC), senior partner, Wiley Rein