document_title: New York Giants

question_text: when was the last super bowl the giants won

question_tokens: when was the last super bowl the giants won

text: New York Giants

text: Team history

text: The Giants played their first game as an away game against All New Britain in New Britain, Connecticut, on October 4, 1925.[10][11] They defeated New Britain 26–0 in front of a crowd of 10,000.[10] The Giants were successful in their first season, finishing with an 8–4 record.[12]

text: In its third season, the team finished with the best record in the league at 11–1–1 and was awarded the NFL title.[13] After a disappointing fourth season (1928) owner Mara bought the entire squad of the Detroit Wolverines, principally to acquire star quarterback Benny Friedman, and merged the two teams under the Giants name.

text: In 1930, there were still many who questioned the quality of the professional game, claiming the college "amateurs" played with more intensity than professionals. In December 1930, the Giants played a team of Notre Dame All Stars at the Polo Grounds to raise money for the unemployed of New York City. It was also an opportunity to establish the skill and prestige of the pro game. Knute Rockne reassembled his Four Horsemen along with the stars of his 1924 Championship squad and told them to score early, then defend. Rockne, like much of the public, thought little of pro football and expected an easy win.[14] But from the beginning it was a one-way contest, with Friedman running for two Giant touchdowns and Hap Moran passing for another. Notre Dame failed to score. When it was all over, Coach Rockne told his team, "That was the greatest football machine I ever saw. I am glad none of you got hurt."[15] The game raised $100,000 for the homeless, and is often credited with establishing the legitimacy of the professional game for those who were critical.[14] It also was the last game the legendary Rockne ever coached; he was killed in an airplane crash on March 31, 1931.

text: In a 14-year span from 1933 to 1947, the Giants qualified to play in the NFL championship game 8 times, winning twice.[13] During this period the Giants were led by Hall of Fame coach Steve Owen, and Hall of Fame players Mel Hein, Red Badgro and Tuffy Leemans. The period also featured the 1944 Giants, which are ranked as the #1 defensive team in NFL history, "...a truly awesome unit".[17] They gave up only 7.5 points per game (a record that still stands) and shut out five of their 10 opponents, though they lost 14-7 to the Green Bay Packers in the 1944 NFL Championship Game. The famous "Sneakers Game" was played in this era where the Giants defeated the Chicago Bears on an icy field in the 1934 NFL Championship Game, while wearing sneakers for better traction.[13] The Giants played the Detroit Lions to a scoreless tie on November 7, 1943.[18][19][20] To this day, no NFL game played since then has ended in a scoreless tie. The Giants were particularly successful from the latter half of the 1930s until the United States entry into World War II. They added their third NFL championship in 1938 with a 23–17 win over the Green Bay Packers.[13]

text: Fourth NFL championship and "The Greatest Game Ever Played" (1947–1963)

text: They did not win another league title until 1956, aided by a number of future Pro Football Hall of Fame players such as running back Frank Gifford, linebacker Sam Huff, and offensive tackle Roosevelt Brown, as well as all-pro running back Alex Webster. The Giants' 1956 championship team not only included players who would eventually find their way to the Pro Football Hall of Fame, but a Hall of Fame coaching staff, as well. Head coach Jim Lee Howell's staff had Vince Lombardi coaching the offense and Tom Landry coaching the defense.[21] From 1958 to 1963, the Giants played in the NFL Championship Game five times, but failed to win.[13] Most significantly, the Giants played the Colts in the 1958 NFL Championship Game, which is considered a watershed event in the history of the NFL.[22] The game, which the Giants lost in overtime 23–17,[13] is often called "The Greatest Game Ever Played" and is considered one of the most important events in furthering the NFL's popularity. The following year, they lost the championship to the Colts again, giving up a 9-7 4th quarter lead en route to a 31–16 loss. Both the 1961 and 1962 championship game matched the Giants up against the Green Bay Packers, with the Giants losing both 37-0 and 16-7 respectively. In 1963, led by league MVP quarterback Y. A. Tittle, who threw a then-NFL record 36 touchdown passes, the Giants advanced to the NFL Championship Game, where they lost to the Bears 14–10 for their third consecutive championship loss, as well as their fifth loss in the title game in 6 years.[23]

text: Postseason drought and resurgence (1964–1982)

text: From 1964 to 1978, the Giants registered only two winning seasons and no playoff appearances.[12] With players, such as Tittle and Gifford approaching their mid 30s, the team declined rapidly, finishing 2–10–2 in 1964.[12] They rebounded with a 7–7 record in 1965,[12] before compiling a league-worst 1–12–1 record,[24] and allowing more than 500 points on defense in 1966.[24] During the 1969 preseason, the Giants lost their first meeting with the New York Jets, 37–14, in front of 70,874 fans at the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut.[25] Following the game, Wellington Mara fired coach Allie Sherman,[26] and replaced him with former Giants fullback Alex Webster.

text: In 1967, the team acquired quarterback Fran Tarkenton from the Minnesota Vikings. Despite having several respectable seasons with Tarkenton at quarterback, including a 7–7 finish in 1967 and 9–5 in 1970,[12] the Giants traded him back to the Vikings after a 4–10 finish in 1971 .[27] Tarkenton would go on to lead the Vikings to three Super Bowls and earn a place in the Hall of Fame,[27] while the Giants suffered through one of the worst stretches in their history,[12] winning only 23 games from 1973 to 1979.[12] Before the 1976 season, the Giants tried to revive a weak offense by replacing retired RB Ron Johnson with future Hall of Fame fullback Larry Csonka, but Csonka was often injured and ineffective during his 3 years in New York. The 1977 season featured a roster that included three rookie quarterbacks.[28]

text: The Giants were allowed to play their home games at the Yale Bowl in New Haven, Connecticut in 1973 and 1974, and at Shea Stadium (home of the Mets and Jets) in 1975, due to the renovation of Yankee Stadium. They finally moved into their own dedicated state-of-the-art stadium in 1976,[21] when they moved into Giants Stadium at the Meadowlands in East Rutherford, New Jersey. One of the low points during this period was the play known as the "Miracle at the Meadowlands", which occurred in 1978.[29] With the Giants trying to kill the clock and secure a win against the Philadelphia Eagles,[29] offensive coordinator, Bob Gibson, chose to call a running play. This resulted in "The Fumble" by QB Joe Pisarcik that was returned for a game-winning touchdown by the Eagles' Herman Edwards.[29]

text: The Giants' front office operations were complicated by a long-standing feud between Wellington Mara and his nephew, Tim Mara.[30] Jack Mara had died in 1965, leaving his share of the club to his son Tim. Wellington and Tim's personal styles and their visions for the club clashed, and eventually they stopped talking to each other. Commissioner Rozelle intervened and appointed a neutral general manager, George Young, allowing the club to operate more smoothly. The feud became moot on February 20, 1991, when Tim Mara sold his shares in the club to Preston Robert Tisch.

text: In 1979, the Giants began the steps that would, in time, return them to the pinnacle of the NFL. These included the drafting of quarterback Phil Simms in 1979, and linebacker Lawrence Taylor in 1981.[21] In 1981, Taylor won the NFL's Defensive Rookie of the Year and Defensive Player of the Year awards and the Giants made the playoffs for the first time since 1963.[12][31] One of the few bright spots during this time was the team's excellent linebackers, who were known as the Crunch Bunch.[32] After the strike-shortened 1982 season, in which they finished 4–5,[12] head coach Ray Perkins resigned to take over the same position at the University of Alabama. In a change that would prove crucial in the coming years, he was replaced by the team's defensive coordinator, Bill Parcells.

text: Bill Parcells era (1983–1990)

text: In 1983, Bill Parcells was promoted to head coach from defensive coordinator. One of his first moves was to change his starting quarterback, sitting the injury-prone and struggling Phil Simms (who had missed the entire 1982 season with an injury) and electing instead to go with Scott Brunner, who had gone 4-5 as the starter in place of Simms in the strike-shortened previous season. Parcells went as far as to demote Simms to the third string position, promoting Jeff Rutledge over Simms to be Brunner's backup. Parcells later said the move was a mistake and one he "nearly paid for dearly" as the team finished with a 3–12–1 record and his job security was called into question.[12]

text: In the offseason the Giants released Brunner and named Simms the starter. The move paid off as the team won nine games and returned to the playoffs. After beating the Los Angeles Rams in the Wild Card Round, the Giants prepared for a showdown against top-seeded San Francisco. The 49ers defeated the Giants 21–10 in the Divisional Round.

text: The 1985 Giants compiled a 10–6 record and avenged their loss against San Francisco by beating them in the Wild Card round 17–3. However, they again lost in the Divisional Round, this time to the eventual Super Bowl champion Bears, by a score of 21–0. However, the following season would end with the Giants winning their first Super Bowl championship.

text: First Super Bowl championship (1986 season)

text: After 9–7 and 10–6 finishes in 1984 and 1985 respectively,[12] the Giants compiled a 14–2 record in 1986 led by league MVP and Defensive Player of the Year Lawrence Taylor and the Big Blue Wrecking Crew defense. As of 2017, this is the Giants' best regular season record since the NFL began playing 16-game seasons in 1978. After clinching the top seed in the NFC, the Giants defeated the 49ers 49–3 in the divisional round of the NFC playoffs [33] and the Redskins 17–0 in the NFC championship game, advancing to their first Super Bowl,[34] Super Bowl XXI, against the Denver Broncos at the Rose Bowl in Pasadena. Led by MVP Simms who completed 22 of 25 passes for a Super Bowl record 88% completion percentage, they defeated the Broncos 39–20,[35] to win their first championship since 1956. In addition to Phil Simms and Lawrence Taylor, the team was led during this period by head coach Bill Parcells, tight end Mark Bavaro, running back Joe Morris, and Hall of Fame linebacker Harry Carson.

text: The Giants struggled to a 6–9 record in the strike-marred 1987 season,[12] due largely to a decline in the running game, as Morris managed only 658 yards[36] behind an injury-riddled offensive line.[37] The early portion of the 1988 season was marred by a scandal involving Lawrence Taylor. Taylor had abused cocaine and was suspended for the first four games of the season for his second violation of the league's substance abuse policy. Despite the controversy, the Giants finished 10–6, and Taylor recorded 15.5 sacks after his return from the suspension. They surged to a 12–4 record in 1989, but lost to the Los Angeles Rams in their opening playoff game when Flipper Anderson caught a 47-yard touchdown pass to give the Rams a 19–13 overtime win.

text: Second Super Bowl championship (1990 season)

text: In 1990, the Giants went 13–3 and, at the time, set an NFL record for fewest turnovers in a season (14).[38] They defeated the San Francisco 49ers, who were attempting to win the Super Bowl for an unprecedented third straight year, 15–13 at San Francisco [39] and then defeated the Buffalo Bills 20–19 in Super Bowl XXV.[35]

text: Post-Parcells era (1991–1996)

text: Following the 1990 season, Parcells resigned as head coach and was replaced by the team's offensive-line coach Ray Handley. Handley served as coach for two disappointing seasons (1991 and 1992), which saw the Giants fall from Super Bowl champions to an 8–8 record in 1991 and a 6–10 record in 1992. He was fired following the 1992 season, and replaced by former Denver Broncos' coach Dan Reeves. In the early 1990s, Simms and Taylor, two of the stars of the 1980s, played out the last seasons of their careers with steadily declining production. The Giants experienced a resurgent season with Reeves at the helm in 1993 however, and Simms and Taylor ended their careers as members of a playoff team.

text: The Giants initially struggled in the post Simms/Taylor era. After starting 3–7 in 1994, the Giants won their final six games to finish 9–7 but missed the playoffs.[40] Quarterback Dave Brown received heavy criticism throughout the season.[41] Brown performed poorly the following two seasons, and the Giants struggled to 5–11 and 6–10 records.[12] Reeves was fired following the 1996 season.

text: Jim Fassel era (1997–2003)

text: In 1997, the Giants named Jim Fassel, who had spent the previous season as offensive coordinator of the Arizona Cardinals, as their 16th head coach. Fassel named Danny Kanell the team's starting quarterback. The Giants finished the 1997 season with a record of 10–5–1 and qualified for the playoffs for the first time in four years.[12] However, they lost in the Wild Card round to the Vikings at home. The following year, the Giants began the season 4–8 before rallying to finish the season 8–8. One of the notable games of that season was a win over the eventual Super Bowl champion Denver Broncos in week 15, giving the Broncos their first loss of the season after starting 13–0.

text: Before the 1999 season, the Giants signed ex-Carolina Panthers quarterback Kerry Collins. Collins was the first-ever draft choice of the expansion Carolina Panthers in 1995, and led the Panthers to the NFC Championship game in his second season. However, problems with alcohol, conflicts with his teammates and questions about his character led to his release from the Panthers.[42] The Giants finished the season with a 7–9 record, Fassel's first losing season as head coach.[12]

text: NFC Champions (2000 season)

text: In 2000, the Giants were looking to make the playoffs for the first time in three seasons. The Giants started the season 7–2, but suffered back-to-back home losses to St. Louis and Detroit to make their record 7–4 and call their playoff prospects into question.[43] At a press conference following the Giants' loss to Detroit, Fassel guaranteed that "this team is going to the playoffs".[44] The Giants responded, winning the rest of their regular season games to finish the season 12–4[43] and clinch the top seed in the NFC. In the Divisional Round, the Giants beat the Philadelphia Eagles 20–10 at home to qualify for the NFC Championship Game, in which they defeated the Minnesota Vikings 41–0.[43] They advanced to play the Baltimore Ravens in Super Bowl XXXV. Though the Giants went into halftime down only 10–0,[45] the Ravens dominated the second half. Their defense harassed Kerry Collins all game long, resulting in Collins completing only 15 of 39 passes for 112 yards and 4 interceptions.[45] The Ravens won the game 34–7.[45]

text: After a disappointing 7–9 record in 2001, the Giants finished the 2002 season with a record of 10–6, qualifying for the playoffs as a wild card. This set up a meeting with the San Francisco 49ers in Candlestick Park in the Wild Card round. The Giants built up a sizable lead throughout the game, and led 38–14 with 4:27 left in the third quarter. However, San Francisco rallied to win the game by one point, with the final score of 39–38.

text: After a dismal 2003 season in which the Giants finished with a 4–12 record, Jim Fassel was released by the Giants. His head coaching record with the Giants during this time was 58–53–1.

text: Tom Coughlin/Eli Manning era (2004–2015)

text: In 2004, three years after their last Super Bowl appearance, Fassel was replaced by Tom Coughlin. Although Collins had several solid seasons as the Giants quarterback, he experienced his share of struggles. In 2004, the Giants completed a draft day trade for University of Mississippi quarterback Eli Manning.[46] Manning became the team's starting quarterback in the middle of the 2004 season, taking over for Kurt Warner. During the three-year period from 2004 to 2006, Tom Coughlin's Giants compiled a 25–23 regular season record and two appearances in the Wild Card Round — both losses (to the Carolina Panthers in 2005 and to the Philadelphia Eagles in 2006.)[47] and spawned intense media scrutiny concerning the direction of the team.[48] During this period in their history, standout players included defensive end Michael Strahan, who set the NFL single season record in sacks in 2001,[49] and running back Tiki Barber, who set a team record for rushing yards in a season in 2005.[50] Barber retired at the end of the 2006 season.

text: Third Super Bowl championship (2007 season)

text: Going into 2007, the Giants had made the playoffs in back-to-back seasons. In 2007, the Giants became the third NFL franchise to win at least 600 games when they defeated the Atlanta Falcons 31–10 on Monday Night Football.[51] For the 2007 season, the NFL scheduled the Giants' road game against the Miami Dolphins on October 28 in London's Wembley Stadium; this was the first NFL regular-season game to be played outside of North America. The Giants defeated the Dolphins, 13–10. The Giants finished 10–6, and became NFC Champions after defeating the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, Dallas Cowboys, and Green Bay Packers in the NFC Playoffs. They set a record for most consecutive road wins in a single season with 10 (a streak which ended with a loss to the Cleveland Browns during week 6 of the 2008 season).

text: The Patriots (18–0) entered the Super Bowl undefeated and were 12 point favorites going into game weekend.[52] The Giants defeated the Patriots 17–14 in Super Bowl XLII,[53] aided by the famous "Manning to Tyree" pass. On this famous play, Manning escaped the grip of several Patriots defensive linemen, stepped up in the pocket, and heaved the ball down the middle of the field to a double covered David Tyree. With Rodney Harrison, a Patriots defensive back, all over Tyree, David managed to hold on to the ball by holding it on his helmet until he fell to the ground. This catch set up a Manning to Plaxico Burress touchdown pass in the back of the end zone to put the Giants in the lead. It was the third biggest upset by betting line in Super Bowl history (the Baltimore Colts were favored by 17 over the New York Jets in Super Bowl III, and the St. Louis Rams were favored by 14 over the New England Patriots in Super Bowl XXXVI).[54] Co-owner John Mara described it as "the greatest victory in the history of this franchise, without question".[55]

text: Late-season collapses (2008–2010)

text: The Giants began the 2008 NFL season with a record of 11–1, but lost three of their last four regular season games partially due to a self-inflicted gunshot wound to wide receiver Plaxico Burress. However, the Giants still won the NFC East with a record of 12–4, and clinched the number one seed in the NFC after beating the Carolina Panthers for home field advantage and a first-round bye. In the Divisional Round of the playoffs, the Giants lost 23–11 to the Philadelphia Eagles at home.[56]

text: In 2009, the Giants opened a new training complex, the Timex Performance Center, also located in the Meadowlands. After starting 5–0 in the 2009 season, New York lost to the likewise undefeated New Orleans Saints at the Superdome 48–27, beginning a four-game losing streak,[57] in which they lost to the Arizona Cardinals 24–17, the San Diego Chargers 21–20 and the Philadelphia Eagles 40–17. The streak was broken with a 34–31 overtime victory against the Falcons. On Thanksgiving night, they lost to the Denver Broncos 26–6. The Giants next beat the division leading Cowboys. A week later, with a record of 7–5, they lost to the Philadelphia Eagles, 45–38. On December 27, the Giants lost to the Carolina Panthers 41–9 in their final game at Giants Stadium, and were eliminated from playoff eligibility. The Giants finished the season 8–8.

text: Following the season, the Giants fired first-year defensive coordinator Bill Sheridan, and replaced him with the former Buffalo Bills interim head coach, Perry Fewell. The Giants defense finished 13th overall under Sheridan, giving up 324.9 yards per game, and the final two losses of the season against Carolina and Minnesota, in which the Giants gave up 85 points, ultimately led to the firing.[58]

text: In 2010, the Giants moved from Giants Stadium into MetLife Stadium, then known as the "New Meadowlands Stadium". They won against the Panthers in the very first game at the New Meadowlands, but then lost to the Colts in the second "Manning Bowl", so-called due to Eli Manning's brother Peyton playing for the Colts. The Giants dropped one game to the Tennessee Titans before going on a five-game winning streak, beating the Bears, Houston Texans, Lions, Cowboys, and Seattle Seahawks. Before long, the Giants were 6–2, but lost two straight to division foes: to the Cowboys 33–20 at home, and to the Eagles on the road, putting the G-Men in 2nd place in the NFC East at 6–4. In first place was the Eagles, but at December 19 they were both tied for first place at 8–4, setting up a match for first place. The Giants were at home, and led 24–3 over the Eagles at halftime. The score was 31–10 with 5:40 left in the game, but Michael Vick led the Eagles to three touchdown drives to tie the game up at 31 with 40 seconds left. After a Giants three-and-outs, Matt Dodge punted the ball to DeSean Jackson, who returned it for a touchdown, concluding the Giants' epic collapse. The next game, the Giants lost to the eventual Super Bowl Champion Green Bay Packers 45–17, and at 9–6, they faced the Redskins. They had to win and have the Packers lose in order to get into the playoffs. The Giants won 17–14, but the Packers beat the Bears 10–3, so the Giants missed out on the playoffs again, ending a collapse in which the Giants went 4–4 in their last eight games.

text: Fourth Super Bowl championship (2011 season)

text: During the 2011 preseason, the Giants lost Kevin Boss, Steve Smith, Rich Seubert, Keith Bulluck, Derek Hagan, and Pro Bowl center Shaun O'Hara to free agency. However, the season also saw the emergence of second-year wide receiver Victor Cruz and second-year tight end Jake Ballard. The Giants opened their season with a 28–14 loss to the Washington Redskins at FedEx Field on the 10th anniversary of the September 11th attacks.[59] However, the Giants secured a 6–2 record by the midpoint of the season, including road victories over the Philadelphia Eagles and the New England Patriots. The latter victory ended the Patriots' NFL record home-game winning streak, after a touchdown pass from Manning to Jake Ballard with 15 seconds left in the game.

text: However, the Giants then suffered a four-game losing streak, including road losses against the resurgent San Francisco 49ers and the New Orleans Saints and home losses to the Eagles and the then-undefeated Green Bay Packers, to make their record 6–6 entering December. The Giants broke their losing streak with a tightly contested 37–34 road victory over the Cowboys on December 11, but lost at home to the Washington Redskins the following week to make their record 7–7 with a Christmas Eve showdown against their crosstown rival New York Jets the following week. The Giants won, 29–14, and knocked the Eagles out of playoff contention, to set up a Week 17 home game against the Cowboys in which the winner would clinch the NFC East while the loser would be eliminated from playoff contention. The game was flexed into Sunday Night Football. The Giants defeated the Cowboys, 31–14, and clinched the NFC East title and the fourth seed in the playoffs. Wide receiver Victor Cruz finished the regular season with 1,536 receiving yards, breaking the Giants franchise record previously held by Amani Toomer.

text: On January 8, 2012 in the first round of the playoffs the Giants defeated the Atlanta Falcons 24–2. After giving up an early safety in the first half, QB Eli Manning threw for three consecutive touchdowns. RBs Ahmad Bradshaw and Brandon Jacobs combined for 172 yards rushing, a season-high for the Giants. With the victory, the Giants advanced to the second round against the top-ranked Green Bay Packers.

text: On January 15, 2012, the Giants defeated the Green Bay Packers 37–20. Eli Manning threw for 330 yards and 3 touchdowns, two of which to wide receiver Hakeem Nicks. This earned the Giants a spot in the NFC Championship Game on January 22, 2012, against the San Francisco 49ers. They won this game 20–17, in overtime, with Tynes scoring the winning field goal as he did four years earlier in the same game against the Packers.

text: The New York Giants won Super Bowl XLVI against the New England Patriots with a score of 21–17. The winning touchdown was preceded by a 38-yard reception by receiver Mario Manningham. As in Super Bowl XLII, Eli Manning was Super Bowl MVP, defeating the New England Patriots for a second time in the Super Bowl.

text: Ahmad Bradshaw scored the game-winning touchdown by falling into the end zone. The Patriots were allowing Bradshaw to get the touchdown so they would get the ball with some time remaining. When Eli Manning handed the ball to Bradshaw, he told him not to score. Bradshaw was about to fall down at the 1-yard line but his momentum carried him in, thus the "reluctant touchdown."[60]

text: As was the case in each of their four previous Super Bowl appearances, the Giants trailed at halftime. They are the only team in NFL history to have more than two second half, come-from-behind, Super Bowl victories (4). The Pittsburgh Steelers, who accomplished the feat in Super Bowl X and Super Bowl XIV, are the only other team to do it more than once.

text: Post-Super Bowl struggles (2012–2015)

text: The Giants began the 2012 season with a home loss to the Cowboys, but rebounded to finish October with a 6–2 record and on a four-game winning streak that included a 26–3 road victory against the eventual NFC champion San Francisco 49ers. Following the arrival of Hurricane Sandy in the Northeastern United States, the Giants lost back-to-back games against the Steelers and Bengals to fall to 6–4. Despite impressive blowout home victories over the Packers, Saints and Eagles, the Giants finished the season 9–7 and out of the playoffs. The Redskins won the division with a 10–6 record, only to lose to the Seahawks 24–14 in Wild Card Weekend. QB Eli Manning, DE Jason Pierre-Paul, WR Victor Cruz, and G Chris Snee represented the Giants at the Pro Bowl.[61]

text: The 2013 New York Giants season began with hope that the Giants could become the first team to play in the Super Bowl in their home stadium, as MetLife Stadium was scheduled to host Super Bowl XLVIII that February.[62] However, the Giants' playoff hopes took a massive hit when they lost the first six games of the season. They rebounded to win the next four games in a row to improve to 4–6, but lost a critical home game to the Cowboys on a last-minute field goal.[63] They finished the season 7–9 and with a losing record for the first time since 2004. The Giants drafted rookie wide receiver Odell Beckham Jr. in the 2014 NFL Draft,[64] who would later go on to win the AP Offensive Rookie of the Year award. However, the Giants missed the playoffs for a third straight season, finishing with a 6–10 record. The 2015 New York Giants season was another disappointing campaign, as the Giants showcased a struggling defense and several late-game collapses. The Giants finished the season with a 6–10 record and missed the playoffs.

text: Back to the playoffs (2016)

text: On January 14, 2016, the Giants announced that Ben McAdoo would become the team's head coach. He replaced Tom Coughlin, who had resigned the previous week.[65] The Giants turned it around in 2016, ending their five-year playoff drought. The Giants later lost to the Green Bay Packers 38–13 in the Wild Card round.

text: Struggles (2017)

text: After having high expectations due to their 11–5 record in 2016, the Giants had an unexpected 0–5 start to the season, before pulling a massive upset versus the Broncos at Sports Authority Field at Mile High for their first win of the season. However, during the Week 5 game against the Los Angeles Chargers, Odell Beckham Jr. fractured his fibula, an injury that ended his season. During the same game, the Giants also lost WRs Brandon Marshall and Dwayne Harris to season ending injuries.[66] The season was also marred by suspensions to Dominique Rodgers-Cromartie[67] and Janoris Jenkins.[68]

text: Timeline

text: Season by season timeline of the New York Giants franchise including the team name, changes of Home Field, Postseason Championships Seasons, and coaches throughout the years.

text: Championships

text: League Championships

text: The Giants have won a total of eight League Championships: 1927, 1934, 1938, 1956, 1986, 1990, 2007 and 2011.[69] The first four of those championships came in the pre-Super Bowl era. New York's eight championships put them third among all active and defunct NFL teams, trailing only the Green Bay Packers (13) and the Chicago Bears (9).

text: Pre-Super Bowl NFL Championships

text: Before the Super Bowl was instituted, the Giants won four officially recognized NFL Championships.

text:
Year
Coach
Location
Opponent
Score
Record

1927
Earl Potteiger
N/A
N/A
N/A
11–1–1

1934
Steve Owen
New York, NY
Chicago Bears
30–13
8–5

1938
Steve Owen
New York, NY
Green Bay Packers
23–17
8–2–1

1956
Jim Lee Howell
Bronx, NY
Chicago Bears
47–7
8–3–1

Total NFL championships won:
4

text: Super Bowl Championships

text: The Giants have won four Super Bowls, tied with Green Bay for the fifth most behind only Dallas, San Francisco and New England (all with 5), and Pittsburgh (6).

text:
Year
Coach
Super Bowl
Location
Opponent
Score
Record

1986
Bill Parcells
XXI
Pasadena, CA
Denver Broncos
39–20
17–2

1990
Bill Parcells
XXV
Tampa, FL
Buffalo Bills
20–19
16–3

2007
Tom Coughlin
XLII
Glendale, AZ
New England Patriots
17–14
14–6

2011
Tom Coughlin
XLVI
Indianapolis, IN
New England Patriots
21–17
13–7

Total Super Bowls won:
4

text: NFC Championships

text: The Giants have won five NFC Championship Games, including two in overtime in 2007 and 2011.

text:
Year
Coach
Location
Opponent
Score
Record

1986
Bill Parcells
East Rutherford, NJ
Washington Redskins
17–0
17–2

1990
Bill Parcells
San Francisco, CA
San Francisco 49ers
15–13
16–3

2000
Jim Fassel
East Rutherford, NJ
Minnesota Vikings
41–0
14–5

2007
Tom Coughlin
Green Bay, WI
Green Bay Packers
23–20 (OT)
14–6

2011
Tom Coughlin
San Francisco, CA
San Francisco 49ers
20–17 (OT)
13–7

Total NFC Championships won:
5

text: Logos and uniforms

text: With over 80 years of team history, the Giants have used numerous uniforms and logos, while maintaining a consistent identity. The Giants' logos include several incarnations of a giant quarterback preparing to throw a football, a lowercase "ny", and stylized versions of the team nickname.

text: Giants' jerseys are traditionally blue or red (or white with blue or red accents), and their pants alternate between white and gray. Currently, the Giants wear home jerseys that are solid blue with white block numbering, white pants with five thin blue/gray/red/gray/blue stripes on the pant legs, and solid blue socks. For this they gained their most renowned nickname, "Big Blue". For road uniforms, they wear a white jersey with red block numbering and red "Northwestern" stripes on the sleeves, gray pants with three thin non-contiguous red/blue/red stripes on the pant legs, and solid red socks. The Giants' current helmet is metallic blue with white block numbers, which are frontally mounted and base mounted on either side of a red stripe running down the center or frontally mounted and base mounted on the red center stripe itself. The Giants, along with the Pittsburgh Steelers, are one of only two teams in the National Football League to have the players' uniform numbers on both the front and back of the helmets. The helmet is adorned on both sides with the stylized white lower case "ny" logo and features a gray facemask. The home uniforms are generally similar to the design used from 1966 to 1974, but with some slight elements from the 1956–1961 uniforms. The road uniforms are essentially a modernization of the design used from 1956 to 1961. Additionally, the Giants had a third jersey until the 2009 season, which recalled the Giants' solid red home jerseys from the early 1950s: a solid red alternate with white block numbers. These jerseys were used a total of four times, but have since been retired. They were used once in 2004 against the Philadelphia Eagles and in three consecutive years – 2005, 2006, and 2007 – against the Dallas Cowboys.

text: Ownerships, financial history and fan base

text: The Giants have had a long and, at times, turbulent financial history. The team was founded by Tim Mara with an investment of US$500 in 1925 and became one of the first teams in the then five-year-old NFL.[70] To differentiate themselves from the baseball team of the same name, they took the name "New York Football Giants", which they still use as their legal corporate name.

text: Although the Giants were successful on the field in their initial seasons, their financial status was a different story. Overshadowed by baseball, boxing, and college football, professional football was not a popular sport in 1925. The Giants were in dire financial straits until the 11th game of the season when Red Grange and the Chicago Bears came to town, attracting over 73,000 fans.[71] This gave the Giants a much needed influx of revenue, and perhaps altered the history of the franchise.[72][73] The following year, Grange and his agent formed a rival league and stationed a competing team, led by Grange, in New York. Though the Giants lost $50,000 that season, the rival league folded and was subsumed into the NFL.[74] Following the 1930 season, Mara transferred ownership of the team over to his two sons to insulate the team from creditors, and by 1946, he had given over complete control of the team to them. Jack, the older son, controlled the business aspects, while Wellington controlled the on-field operations.[75] After their initial struggles the Giants financial status stabilized, and they led the league in attendance several times in the 1930s and 1940s.[76]

text: By the early 1960s, the Giants had firmly established themselves as one of the league's biggest attractions. However, rather than continuing to receive their higher share of the league television revenue, the Mara sons pushed for equal sharing of revenue for the benefit of the entire league. Revenue sharing is still practiced in the NFL today, and is credited with strengthening the league.[75] After their struggles in the latter half of the 1960s and the entire 1970s, the Giants hired an outsider, George Young, to run the football operations for the first time in franchise history.[79] The Giants' on-field product and business aspects improved rapidly following the move.

text: In 1991, Tim Mara, grandson of the founder, was struggling with cancer and sold his half of the team to Bob Tisch for a reported $80 million.[80] This marked the first time in franchise history the team had not been solely owned by the Mara family. In 2005, Wellington Mara, who had been with the team since its inception in 1925 when he worked as a ball boy, died at the age of 89.[81] His death was followed two weeks later by the death of Tisch. In 2015, Wellington's widow and Giants co-owner Ann died due to complications from a head injury suffered in a fall. She was 85 years old.[82]

text: In 2010, MetLife Stadium opened, replacing Giants Stadium. The new stadium is a 50/50 partnership between the Giants and Jets, and while the stadium is owned by the New Jersey Sports and Exposition Authority on paper, the two teams jointly built the stadium using private funds, and administer it jointly through New Meadowlands Stadium Corporation. The Giants had previously planned a $300 million renovation to the Meadowlands, before deciding in favor of the new stadium which was originally estimated to cost approximately $600 million,[83] before rising to an estimated cost of one billion dollars.[78] One advantage gained by owning the stadium is that the teams saved considerable money in tax payments. The teams leased the land from the state at a cost of $6.3 million per year.[83] The state paid for all utilities, including the $30 million needed to install them.[83]

text: The Giants are owned and operated by John Mara and Steve Tisch. Forbes magazine estimated the value of the team in 2012 to be $1.3 billion.[84] This ranks the New York Giants as the fourth most valuable franchise in the NFL and the ninth most valuable professional sports franchise in the world.[85] The value has steadily increased from $288 million in 1998, to their current value.[77] The magazine estimated their revenue in 2006 at $182 million, of which $46 million came from gate receipts. Operating income was $26.9 million, and player salary was $102 million.[78] Current major sponsors include Gatorade, Anheuser Busch, Toyota, and Verizon Wireless.[78] Recent former sponsors include Miller Brewing and North Fork Bank.[83] Luxury suites, retail and game day concessions at the new stadium are provisioned and operated by global hospitality giant Delaware North. The team's average ticket price is $72.[78]

text: The Giants draw their fans from the New York metropolitan area. Since their move to New Jersey in 1976, fans from each state have claimed the team as their own.[86] In January 1987, shortly before the team won Super Bowl XXI, then New York City mayor Ed Koch labeled the team "foreigners" and said they were not entitled to a ticker-tape parade in New York City.[87] On February 5, 2008, the city, under mayor Michael Bloomberg, threw a ticker tape parade in honor of the Giants' Super Bowl XLII victory at the Canyon of Heroes in lower Manhattan.[88] New York City held another ticker tape parade on February 7, 2012, in honor of the Giants' Super Bowl XLVI victory. According to a team spokesman, in 2001, 52 percent of the Giants' season ticket-holders lived in New Jersey. Most of the remaining ticket holders lived in New York State with some coming from other states.[86]

text: Through the lean years of the 1960s and 1970s the Giants, in spite of a 17-year-long playoff drought, still accumulated a 20-year-long waiting list for season tickets. It has been estimated that the Giants have a waiting list of 135,000 people, the largest of any North American professional sports franchise.[89]

text: Rivalries

text: Philadelphia Eagles

text: The rivalry between the New York Giants and the Philadelphia Eagles is one of the oldest in the NFL, dating back to 1933.[8][9] The two teams have frequently fought for playoff contention, NFC East titles, and respect. While the Giants have dominated this rivalry throughout most of its history, the series began to even in the 1980s, with the series lead to the Eagles 22–21 through the 1990s and 2000s. The Giants lead the series 84–82–2. The two teams have met four times in the postseason, with each team winning two games. Three of those four playoff meetings were held in the 2000s decade. New York City and Philadelphia have a strong geographic rivalry, as seen in other professional sports such as the Mets-Phillies rivalry in Major League Baseball, and the Flyers-Rangers and Devils-Flyers rivalries in the National Hockey League.

text: Washington Redskins

text: The Giants have an old and storied rivalry with the Redskins, dating back to 1932.[90] While this rivalry is typically given less significance than the rivalries with the Eagles and Cowboys, there have been periods of great competition between the two. In the 1980s the Giants and Redskins clashed as both struggled against each other for division titles and even Super Bowl Championships. Most notable among these is the 1986 NFC Championship game in which the Giants defeated the Redskins 17–0 to earn their first ever trip to the Super Bowl. Wellington Mara always felt this was the Giants oldest and truest rival, and after passing away in 2005, the Giants honored their longtime owner by defeating the Redskins 36–0 at home. The Giants lead this series 99–67–4. The Giants 98 wins against the Redskins are tied for most wins against another franchise in NFL history, along with the Chicago Bears defeating the Detroit Lions 98 times.

text: Dallas Cowboys

text: The Giants have maintained a fierce divisional rivalry with the Dallas Cowboys since the Cowboys first began play in 1960. The two teams have a combined nine Super Bowl victories between them, and have played many games in which the NFC East title was at stake. The rivalry is unique among professional sports as it is the only divisional rivalry between sports teams from New York City and Dallas, partially due to the large distance between the two cities. The Cowboys lead the regular season series 64–45–2,[91] while the Giants hold the lone playoff victory between the two teams, held at the conclusion of the 2007 season.

text: San Francisco 49ers

text: Despite never being in the same division, the Giants and 49ers have developed a heated rivalry over the years. The two teams have met eight times in the playoffs (including two NFC Championship Games, both won by New York) since 1982, which is the most of any two teams in that span. The overall series is tied 16–16, as is the postseason series, 4–4.

text: New York Jets

text: The Giants and Jets for many years had the only intracity rivalry in the NFL, made even more unusual by sharing a stadium. They have met annually in the preseason since 1969. Since 2011, this meeting has been known as the "MetLife Bowl", after the naming sponsor of the teams' stadium. Regular season matchups between the teams occur once every four years, as they follow the NFL scheduling formula for interconference games. Since the two teams play each other so infrequently in the regular season, some, including players on both teams, have questioned whether the Giants and Jets have a real rivalry.[92][93][94][95] A memorable regular season game was in 1988, when the Giants faced off against the Jets in the last game of the season, needing a victory to make the playoffs. The Jets played spoiler, however, beating the Giants 27–21 and ruining the latter's playoff hopes. A different scenario unfolded during the penultimate regular season game of 2011 as the "visiting" Giants defeated the Jets 29–14. The victory simultaneously helped eliminate the Jets from playoff contention and propel the Giants to their own playoff run and eventual win in Super Bowl XLVI. The Giants lead the overall regular season series 8–5 and have won five of the past six meetings.

text: Players of note

text: Current roster

text:
New York Giants roster

view
talk
edit

Quarterbacks

10 Eli Manning
 5 Davis Webb

Running backs

22 Wayne Gallman
28 Paul Perkins
-- Jalen Simmons
43 Shane Smith FB
-- Jonathan Stewart
-- Terrell Watson

Wide receivers

13 Odell Beckham Jr.
86 Marquis Bundy
 6 Amba Etta-Tawo
82 Keeon Johnson
-- Cody Latimer
18 Roger Lewis
15 Brandon Marshall
80 Darius Powe
83 Kalif Raymond
19 Travis Rudolph
 8 Canaan Severin
84 Hunter Sharp
87 Sterling Shepard

Tight ends

89 Jerell Adams
-- Kyle Carter
85 Rhett Ellison
88 Evan Engram

Offensive linemen

61 Nick Becton T
66 Adam Bisnowaty T
62 Ethan Cooper G
65 Jessamen Dunker G
74 Ereck Flowers T
-- Laurence Gibson T
73 John Greco G
75 Jon Halapio G
77 John Jerry G
71 Damien Mama G
-- Patrick Omameh G
-- Nate Solder T
63 Chad Wheeler T

Defensive linemen

64 Josh Banks DE
98 Damon Harrison NT
-- Josh Mauro DE
78 Romeo Okwara DE
60 Kristjan Sokoli DE
99 Robert Thomas NT
94 Dalvin Tomlinson DE
79 Jordan Williams DE
72 Kerry Wynn DE

Linebackers

-- Thurston Armbrister ILB
55 Ray-Ray Armstrong ILB
93 B. J. Goodson ILB
44 Mark Herzlich ILB
-- Kareem Martin OLB
39 Derrick Mathews ILB
91 Avery Moss OLB
46 Calvin Munson ILB
52 Alec Ogletree ILB
54 Olivier Vernon OLB

Defensive backs

33 Andrew Adams FS
24 Eli Apple CB
21 Landon Collins SS
38 Donte Deayon CB
25 Brandon Dixon CB
20 Janoris Jenkins CB
31 Jeremiah McKinnon CB
36 Ryan Murphy SS
-- Curtis Riley CB
30 Tim Scott CB
-- Michael Thomas FS
27 Darian Thompson FS
-- B.W. Webb CB
-- Teddy Williams CB

Special teams

51 Zak DeOssie LS
-- Marshall Koehn K
-- Austin Rehkow P
 2 Aldrick Rosas K

Reserve lists

Currently vacant

Restricted FAs

69 Brett Jones C

Rookies in italics
Roster updated March 26, 2018
Depth chart • Transactions
75 Active, 0 Inactive, 1 FAs
→ AFC rosters → NFC rosters

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Retired numbers

text:
New York Giants retired numbers

No.
Player
Position
Career

1
Ray Flaherty 1
E
1928–1935

4
Tuffy Leemans
RB
1936–1943

7
Mel Hein
C, LB
1931–1945

11
Phil Simms
QB
1979–1993

14
Ward Cuff 3
HB, WB
1937–1945

Y. A. Tittle 3
QB
1961–1964

16
Frank Gifford
HB, WR
1952–1964

32
Al Blozis 2
OT
1942–1944

40
Joe Morrison
RB, WR
1959–1972

42
Charlie Conerly
QB
1948–1961

50
Ken Strong
HB
1933–1947

56
Lawrence Taylor
LB
1981–1993

text:
1 Retired in 1935, this was the first number to be retired by any team in major league sports.[96]
2 Posthumous honor.
3 The number 14 was retired in honor of Ward Cuff in 1946. Y. A. Tittle requested 14 after the Giants traded for him in 1961, and it was retired a second time in 1964 at the conclusion of Tittle's playing career. The number is now retired in honor of both players.[97]

text: Pro Football Hall of Famers

text: In the Pro Football Hall of Fame, the Giants boast the second-most enshrined members with 29.[98] Tim Mara, Mel Hein, Pete Henry, Cal Hubbard and Jim Thorpe were a part of the original class of inductees in 1963, while Defensive End Michael Strahan, the most recent Giant inducted, was a part of the Class of 2014. Numerous members, including Larry Csonka, Ray Flaherty, Joe Guyon, Pete Henry, Arnie Herber, Cal Hubbard, Tom Landry, Don Maynard, Hugh McElhenny, and Jim Thorpe were at one time associated with the New York Giants, but they were inducted largely based on their careers with other teams.

text:
New York Giants Hall of Famers

No.
Player
Position
Tenure
Inducted
No.
Player
Position
Tenure
Inducted

17
Red Badgro
TE/DE
1930–1935
1981
—
Tim Mara
Owner and founder
1925–1959
1963

79
Rosey Brown
T
1953–1965
1975
—
Wellington Mara
Owner/Administrator
1937–2005
1997

53
Harry Carson
LB
1976–1988
2006
13
Don Maynard
WR
1958
1987

39
Larry Csonka
FB
1976–1978
1987
13
Hugh McElhenny
RB
1963
1970

1
Ray Flaherty
E
1928–1935
1976
55
Steve Owen
T
Coach
1926–1933
1930–1953
1966

6
Benny Friedman
QB
Coach
1929–1931
1930
2005
—
Bill Parcells
Coach
1983–1990
2013

16
Frank Gifford
HB
1952–1960
1962–1964
1977
81
Andy Robustelli
DE
1956–1964
1971

11
Joe Guyon
RB
1927
1978
92
Michael Strahan
DE
1993–2007
2014

7
Mel Hein
C
1931–1945
1966
50
Ken Strong
HB/FB/K
1933–1935
1939
1944–1947
1967

55
Pete Henry
OT
1927
1963
10
Fran Tarkenton
QB
1967–1971
1986

38
Arnie Herber
QB
1944–1945
1963
56
Lawrence Taylor
LB
1981–1993
1999

41
60
Cal Hubbard
T
1927–1928
1936
1966
31
Jim Thorpe
RB, DB
1925
1963

70
Sam Huff
LB
1956–1963
1982
14
Y. A. Tittle
QB
1961–1964
1971

49
Tom Landry[99]
DB/P
1950–1955
1982
45
Emlen Tunnell
DB
1948–1958
1967

4
Tuffy Leemans
FB
1936–1943
1990
73
Arnie Weinmeister
DE
1950–1953
1984

text: Ring of Honor

text: The New York Giants unveiled their own Ring of Honor on October 3, 2010 during halftime of their Sunday Night Football matchup with the Chicago Bears. John Mara had long wished to create a Giants Ring of Honor and Hall of Fame to honor Giants who helped the franchise achieve each of their championships, and the building of MetLife Stadium resulted in the realization of that ambition.[100] The organization had an inaugural induction class of 30 including players, coaches, owners and executives that have had a great impact on the organization. While the entire list of inductees was not revealed until the actual induction, the organization did confirm about a week before the ceremony that Phil Simms, Bill Parcells, Michael Strahan, Tiki Barber, Frank Gifford and Pete Gogolak would all be inducted.[101]

text:
New York Giants Ring of Honor

Name
Position
No.
Years active
Championships
Inducted

Ernie Accorsi
Executive
—
1994–2007
—
2016

Jessie Armstead
LB
98
1993–2001
—
2010

Carl Banks
LB
58
1984–1992
1986, 1990
2011

Tiki Barber
RB
21
1997–2006
—
2010

Mark Bavaro
TE
89
1985–1990
1986, 1990
2011

Al Blozis
OT
32
1942–1944
—
2010

Rosey Brown
OT
79
1953–1965
1956
2010

Harry Carson
LB
53
1976–1988
1986
2010

Charlie Conerly
QB
42
1948–1961
1956
2010

Tom Coughlin
WR Coach
Head Coach
—
1988-1990
2004–2015
1990, 2007, 2011
2016

Frank Gifford
RB/WR
16
1952–1964
1956
2010

Pete Gogolak
K
3
1966–1974
—
2010

Mel Hein
C/LB
7
1931–1945
1934, 1938
2010

Jim Lee Howell
End
Head Coach
21, 81
1937–1942, 1946–1947
1954–1960
1938, 1956
2010

Sam Huff
LB
70
1956–1963
1956
2010

Dave Jennings
P
13
1974–1984
—
2011

John Johnson
Athletic Trainer
—
1948–2008
1956, 1986, 1990, 2007
2015

Tuffy Leemans
RB
4
1936–1943
1938
2010

Jack Lummus
End
29
1941
—
2015

Dick Lynch
DB
22
25
1958–1966
—
2010

Jack Mara
Owner
—
1925–1965
1927, 1934, 1938, 1956
2010

Tim Mara
Owner
—
1925–1959
1927, 1934, 1938, 1956
2010

Wellington Mara
Ball Boy/Executive/Owner
—
1925–2005
1927, 1934, 1938, 1956, 1986, 1990
2010

George Martin
DE
75
1975–1988
1986
2010

Joe Morrison
WR/RB
40
1959–1972
—
2010

Steve Owen
OT/Head coach
6, 9, 12, 36, 44, 50, 55
1926–1953
1927, 1934, 1938
2010

Bill Parcells
Linebacker Coach/Defensive Coordinator/Head Coach
—
1979, 1981–1990
1986, 1990
2010

Andy Robustelli
DE
81, 84
1956–1964
1956
2010

Phil Simms
QB
11
1979–1993
1986, 1990
2010

Chris Snee
OG
76
2004–2013
2007, 2011
2015

Michael Strahan
DE
92
1993–2007
2007
2010

Ken Strong
HB
50
1933–1935
1939, 1944–1947
1934
2010

Lawrence Taylor
LB
56
1981–1993
1986, 1990
2010

Bob Tisch
Owner
—
1991–2005
—
2010

Y. A. Tittle
QB
14
1961–1964
—
2010

Amani Toomer
WR
81
1996–2008
2007
2010

Justin Tuck
DE
91
2005–2013
2007, 2011
2016

Emlen Tunnell
DB
Scout/Assistant Head Coach
45
1948–1958
1963–1973
1956
2010

Osi Umenyiora
DE
72
2003–2012
2007, 2011
2015

Brad Van Pelt
LB
10
1973–1983
—
2011

Alex Webster
FB
Head Coach
29
1955–1964
1969–1973
1956
2011

George Young
Executive
—
1979–1997
1986, 1990
2010

text: NFL MVP award winners

text:
Giants NFL MVP winners

Year
Player
Position
Selector

1938
Mel Hein
C, LB
NFL

1956
Frank Gifford
HB, WR
NEA, UPI

1959
Charlie Conerly
QB
NEA

1961
Y. A. Tittle
QB
NEA

1962
Y. A. Tittle
QB
UPI

1963
Y. A. Tittle
QB
AP, NEA

1986
Lawrence Taylor
LB
AP, PFWA

1986
Phil Simms
QB
NEA

text: Super Bowl MVP award winners

text:
Super Bowl MVP winners

SB
Player
Position

XXI
Phil Simms
QB

XXV
Ottis Anderson
RB

XLII
Eli Manning
QB

XLVI

text: First-round draft picks

text:
Recent first-round draft picks

Year
Player
College
Position

2008
Kenny Phillips
Miami (FL)
DB

2009
Hakeem Nicks
North Carolina
WR

2010
Jason Pierre-Paul
South Florida
DE

2011
Prince Amukamara
Nebraska
DB

2012
David Wilson
Virginia Tech
RB

2013
Justin Pugh
Syracuse
OT

2014
Odell Beckham Jr.
LSU
WR

2015
Ereck Flowers
Miami (FL)
OT

2016
Eli Apple
Ohio State
CB

2017
Evan Engram
Mississippi
TE

text: Coaches of note

text: Current staff

text:
New York Giants staff

v
t
e

Front Office

President/CEO – John Mara
Chairman/Executive Vice President – Steve Tisch
General Manager – Dave Gettleman
Assistant General Manager – Kevin Abrams
Senior Vice President of Player Personnel – Chris Mara
Director of Pro Personnel – Ken Sternfeld
Assistant Director of Pro Personnel – Matt Shauger
Director of Player Development – David Tyree

Head Coaches

Head Coach – Pat Shurmur

Offensive Coaches

Offensive Coordinator/Quarterbacks – Mike Shula
Running Backs – Craig Johnson
Wide Receivers – Tyke Tolbert
Tight Ends – Lunda Wells
Offensive Line – Hal Hunter
Assistant Offensive Line – Ben Wilkerson
Offensive Assistant – Ryan Roeder

Defensive Coaches

Defensive Coordinator – James Bettcher
Defensive Line – Gary Emanuel
Linebackers – Bill McGovern
Assistant Linebackers – Rob Leonard
Defensive Backs – Lou Anarumo
Assistant Defensive Backs – Deshea Townsend
Defensive Assistant – Bobby Blick

Special Team Coaches

Special Teams Coordinator – Thomas McGaughey
Assistant Special Teams – Anthony Blevins

Strength and Conditioning

Strength and Conditioning – Aaron Wellman
Assistant Strength and Conditioning – Thomas Stallworth
Director of Performance Nutrition – Pratik Patel
Performance Manager – Joe Danos

→ Coaching Staff
→ Management
→ More NFL staffs

AFC East
BUF
MIA
NE
NYJ
North
BAL
CIN
CLE
PIT
South
HOU
IND
JAX
TEN
West
DEN
KC
LAC
OAK

NFC East
DAL
NYG
PHI
WAS
North
CHI
DET
GB
MIN
South
ATL
CAR
NO
TB
West
ARI
LAR
SF
SEA

text: Media, radio and television

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (August 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: As of 2010, the Giants' flagship radio station is WFAN, with games simulcast on WFAN-FM as of November 2012.[102] Beginning in 2012, the Giants became WFAN's top priority during the entire football season; prior to that, games that conflicted with late season New York Mets baseball games in September and early October were moved to other CBS Radio owned stations. This arrangement only lasted for 2012, and the Mets received priority again in 2013. WFAN acquired the rights to New York Yankees games for 2014, and thus the Giants' schedule will be in conflict with them for the foreseeable future. When there is an overlap, Giants games are carried by WFAN's sister station, WCBS-AM.

text: Bob Papa on play-by-play and Carl Banks on color commentary are the Giants' radio broadcast team, with Howard Cross as the sideline reporter.[102] When Papa is unavailable to call games Chris Carrino, WFAN's lead broadcaster for the Brooklyn Nets, substitutes for him. Games are carried over the New York Giants Radio Network over various stations in New York, Pennsylvania, Connecticut, and (as of 2010) Mississippi.

text: Preseason telecasts not seen nationally air in the area on WNBC, with WWOR-TV serving as an overflow station for when WNBC is airing other programming such as the Summer Olympic Games. Papa and Banks call these games on television, with studio host Paul Dottino as Papa's substitute. WPIX-TV or WABC-TV will also air any Giants broadcast that is carried by ESPN, as per the local carriage rules (WABC-TV corporate parent, The Walt Disney Company, holds an 80% majority ownership stake in ESPN, and has a right of first refusal for these telecasts). Thursday Night Football games exclusive to NFL Network are carried locally by the producing network's O&O, either WCBS-TV or WNBC.

text: The Giants' public address announcer at MetLife Stadium is Jim Hall, who for years was Bob Sheppard's substitute at Yankee Stadium due to their very similar voices. Hall took over the Giants PA job after Sheppard elected to leave the position in 2005 to focus solely on his Yankee Stadium duties.

text: Past

text: WFAN has produced the Giants' radio broadcasts since 1995, but has not always aired them on the station. For 1995, then-Giants flagship WOR continued to carry the games as they had for the previous two seasons. In 1996 the games were simulcast on WFAN and WOR, which caused some conflict as at the time, WFAN was the radio flagship of the New York Jets as well. To remedy the situation, beginning the next year WFAN moved the Giants' radio broadcasts to the FM dial and sister station WNEW-FM, where they remained until the end of the 1999 season. In 2000 WFAN lost the Jets' radio contract to WABC and the Giants moved back to WFAN where they have been ever since.

text: The Giants' longtime radio home was WNEW, where games aired from the mid-1950s until 1993 when the station was bought by Bloomberg L.P. and changed its format. Marty Glickman teamed with Al DeRogatis for a long stretch beginning in the early 1960s on WNEW. Chip Cipolla and later Sam Huff joined Glickman after DeRogatis left to join Curt Gowdy on NBC. After the WNEW split, games began airing on WOR. Glickman moved to the crosstown Jets in 1973 and was succeeded by Marv Albert. Jim Gordon succeeded Albert in 1977, beginning an 18-year tenure as the Giants' play-by-play voice. Meanwhile, Dick Lynch took over as color analyst in 1976 and continued in that role through 2007, with his last game being Super Bowl XLII, and retired following the season due to his advancing leukemia, which took his life in September 2008.

text: Eventually Gordon and Lynch were joined by Karl Nelson, a former lineman for the Giants. Gordon and Nelson were fired after the 1994 season, after which Papa took over the play-by-play (after being studio host) and led a two-man booth with Lynch. Dave Jennings joined the broadcast team in 2002 following his firing by the Jets, with whom he had worked since his 1987 retirement from the NFL. Jennings was moved to the pregame show after the 2006 season and was replaced by Carl Banks, leaving broadcasting altogether in 2008 due to his ongoing battle with Parkinson's disease that he lost in 2013.

text: After WFAN began airing games Richard Neer served as pregame and postgame host. He was replaced by Sid Rosenberg, who was in turn fired by the station due to troubles and replaced by Chris Carlin. Carlin left in 2008 to focus full-time on his duties as SNY studio host and Rutgers athletics radio voice and was replaced by WWOR sports reporter and former WFAN host Russ Salzberg, who cohosted with Roman Oben after Jennings left. WEPN Giants beat reporter Paul Dottino was hired by WFAN to host the pregame show for 2009 and continues to be a part of the program. Anita Marks has hosted the pre- and post- game shows since 2010, co-hosting with Dottino for home games and Oben for away games.

text: The Giants were carried on the DuMont Network, then CBS (New York's Channel 2) in the early TV days of the NFL, when home games were blacked out within a 75-mile radius of New York City. Chris Schenkel was their play-by-play announcer in that early era when each team was assigned its own network voice on its regional telecasts. At the time, there were few if any true national telecasts until the NFL championship game, which was carried by NBC. Schenkel was joined by Jim McKay, later Johnny Lujack through the 1950s and the early 1960s. As Giants players retired to the broadcast booth in the early and 1960s, first Pat Summerall, then Frank Gifford took the color analyst slot next to Schenkel. As the 1970 merger of the NFL and AFL approached, CBS moved to a more generic announcer approach and Schenkel was off the broadcasts.

text: Giants regular-season Sunday telecasts moved to Fox when that network took over NFC telecasts in 1994 and are carried locally by WNYW.

text: WCBS-TV and WPIX were previously home to Giants preseason telecasts in the 1990s, with WPIX serving as the Giants' (and Jets') long time preseason home. After the NFC rights were lost by CBS, the Giants followed the conference's broadcast rights to WNYW. WWOR became the Giants' flagship TV station in the late '90s, and stayed so up until WNBC took over rights in 2005.

text: When the Giants first moved to WNYW, Mike Breen was their preseason play-by-play man. Sam Rosen was the television voice for some time afterward, except for two years when Curt Menefee (then of WNYW) was the voice. When the games moved to WWOR, Rosen regained the position and held it until 2004. Former Giant receiver Phil McConkey became the early season analyst after his retirement and stayed in the booth for many years.


document_title: Back to the Future Part II

question_text: in back to the future part ii marty and dr. emmett brown go to which future date

root

text: Back to the Future Part II

text: Plot[edit]

text: On October 26, 1985, Dr. Emmett Brown arrives in the DeLorean time machine and persuades Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, to travel to the future with him, and help their future children. Biff Tannen witnesses their departure. They arrive on October 21, 2015, where Doc electronically knocks out Jennifer, and leaves her asleep in an alley, explaining that she should not have too much knowledge of future events. He has Marty pose as his own son and lookalike Marty Jr. to refuse an offer to participate in a robbery with Biff's grandson Griff, thus saving both of Marty's children from prison.

tag: p

text: Marty switches places with Marty Jr. and refuses Griff's offer, but Griff goads Marty into a fight. Griff and his gang are arrested, saving Marty's future children. Before rejoining Doc, Marty purchases an almanac, containing the results of major sporting events from 1950 to 2000. Doc discovers it and warns Marty about attempting to profit from time travel, but before Doc can adequately dispose of it, they are interrupted by the police, who have found Jennifer incapacitated, and are taking her to her 2015 home. They pursue, as does Biff, who has overheard their conversation, and picked up the almanac that Doc discarded.

text: Jennifer wakes up in her 2015 home and hides from the McFly family. She overhears that her future self's life with Marty is not what she expected, due to his involvement in an automobile accident. She witnesses Marty being goaded by his co-worker, Douglas J. Needles, into a shady business deal, which leads to Marty's firing. Attempting to escape the house, Jennifer encounters her 2015 self and they both faint. While Marty and Doc attend to her, Biff steals the time machine and uses it to travel back to 1955 and give the almanac to his younger self to get rich betting, then returns to 2015. Marty, Doc, and an unconscious Jennifer return to 1985, unaware of Biff's actions.

text: The 1985 they return to has altered: Biff has become wealthy and corrupt, and has changed Hill Valley into a chaotic dystopia. Marty's father, George, was killed in 1973 and Biff has forced Marty's mother, Lorraine, to marry him. Doc has been committed to an insane asylum. Marty and Doc determine that the 2015 Biff took the time machine to change 1985, and Marty learns from the alternate 1985 Biff that he got the almanac on November 12, 1955. Biff attempts to confront Marty, but Marty flees and returns to 1955 with Doc, leaving Jennifer on her own front porch.

text: Marty secretly follows the 1955 Biff, and watches him receive the almanac from his 2015 self. Marty then follows him to the high school's dance, being careful to avoid interrupting the events from his previous visit. Marty and the 1955 Biff steal the almanac back and forth, but Marty and Doc retrieve it, until Biff crashes into a manure truck. Marty burns the almanac, reversing Biff's changes to the timeline, as Doc hovers above in the time machine. Before Marty can join him inside, the DeLorean is struck by lightning, and disappears. A Western Union courier immediately arrives and delivers a letter to Marty; it is from Doc, who explains that he was transported back to 1885. Marty races back into town to find the 1955 Doc, who had just helped the original Marty return to 1985. Shocked by Marty's sudden reappearance, Doc faints.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Michael J. Fox as Marty McFly, Marty McFly, Jr., and Marlene McFly
Christopher Lloyd as Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown
Thomas F. Wilson as Biff Tannen and Griff Tannen
Lea Thompson as Lorraine Baines-McFly
Elisabeth Shue as Jennifer Parker
James Tolkan as Mr. Strickland
Jeffrey Weissman as George McFly
Crispin Glover as George McFly (archival footage)
Flea as Douglas J. Needles

tag: ul

text: Development[edit]

text: Director Robert Zemeckis said that, initially, a sequel was not planned for the first film, but its huge box office success led to the conception of a second installment. He later agreed to do a sequel, but only if Michael J. Fox and Christopher Lloyd returned as well. With Fox and Lloyd confirmed, Zemeckis met with screenwriting partner Bob Gale to create a story for the sequel. Zemeckis and Gale would later regret that they ended the first one with Jennifer in the car with Marty and Doc Brown, because it required them to come up with a story that fit her in, rather than a whole new adventure.[4]

text:
Gale wrote most of the first draft by himself, as Zemeckis was busy making Who Framed Roger Rabbit. At first, the film was to take place in 1967, but Zemeckis later stated that the time paradoxes of it provided a good opportunity to go back to 1955 and see the first one's events in a different light. While most of the original cast agreed to return,
a major stumbling block arose when negotiating Crispin Glover's fee for reprising the role of George McFly. When it became clear that he would not be returning, the role was rewritten so that George is dead when the action takes place in the alternative version of 1985.[4]

text: The greatest challenge was the creation of the futuristic vision of Marty's home town in 2015.  Production designer Rick Carter wanted to create a very detailed image with a different tone from the film Blade Runner, wishing to get past the smoke and chrome.  Carter and his most talented men spent months plotting, planning and preparing Hill Valley's transformation into a city of the future.[5] Visual effects art director John Bell stated they had no script to work with, only the indications that the setting would be 30 years into the future featuring "something called hoverboards".[6]

text: When writing the script for the film, Gale wanted to push the first one's ideas further for humorous effect. Zemeckis said he was somewhat concerned about portraying the future because of the risk of making wildly inaccurate predictions.  According to Gale, they tried to make the future a nice place, "where what's wrong is due to who lives in the future as opposed to the technology" in contrast to the pessimistic, Orwellian future seen in most science fiction.[4] To keep production costs low and take advantage of an extended break Fox had from Family Ties (which was ending its run when filming began), it was shot back-to-back with sequel Part III.[7]

text: Production[edit]

text: It took two years to finish the set building and the writing on the script before shooting could finally begin.  During the shooting, the creation of the appearance of the aged characters was a well-guarded secret, involving state-of-the-art make-up techniques. Michael J. Fox described the process as very time consuming.  "It took over four hours, although it could be worse".[4] Principal photography began on February 20, 1989.[7] For a three-week period nearing the conclusion of the film, the crew split and, while most remained shooting Part III, a few, including writer-producer Gale, focused on finishing its predecessor. Zemeckis himself slept only a few hours per day, supervising both films, having to fly between Burbank, where it was being finished, and other locations in California for Part III.[8]

text: The film was considered one of the most ground-breaking projects for Industrial Light & Magic. It was one of the effects house's first forays into digital compositing, as well as the Vistaglide motion control camera system, which enabled them to shoot one of its most complex sequences, in which Fox played three separate characters (Marty Sr., Marty Jr., and Marlene), all of whom interacted with each other. Although such scenes were not new, the VistaGlide allowed, for the first time, a completely dynamic scene in which camera movement could finally be incorporated. The technique was also used in scenes where Thomas F. Wilson, Christopher Lloyd, and Elisabeth Shue's characters encounter and interact with their counterparts.[4] It also includes a brief moment of computer-generated imagery in a holographic shark used to promote a fictional Jaws 19, which wound up unaltered from the first test done by ILM's digital department because effects supervisor Ken Ralston "liked the fact that it was all messed up.”[6]

text: Animation supervisor Wes Takahashi, who then was the head of ILM's animation department, worked heavily on the film's time travel sequences, as he had done in the original film and in Part III.[9][10] As the film neared release, sufficient footage of Part III had been shot to allow a trailer to be assembled. It was added at the conclusion of Part II, before the closing credits, as a reassurance to moviegoers that there was more to follow.[11]

text: Replacement of Crispin Glover[edit]

text: Crispin Glover was asked to reprise the role of George McFly. He expressed interest, but could not come to an agreement with the producers regarding his salary. He stated in a 1992 interview on The Howard Stern Show that the producers' highest offer was $125,000, less than half of what the other returning cast members were offered. Gale has since asserted that Glover's demands were excessive for an actor of his professional stature at that time.[11] In an interview on the Opie and Anthony show in 2013, Glover stated that his primary reason for not doing Part II was a philosophical disagreement on the film's message; Glover felt the story rewarded the characters with financial gain, such as Marty's truck, rather than love.[12]

text: Rather than write George McFly out of the film, Zemeckis used previously filmed footage of Glover from the first film as well as new footage of actor Jeffrey Weissman, who wore prosthetics including a false chin, nose, and cheekbones to resemble Glover. Various techniques were used to obfuscate the Weissman footage, such as placing him in the background rather than the foreground, having him wear sunglasses, and hanging him upside down. Glover filed a lawsuit against the producers of the film on the grounds that they neither owned his likeness nor had permission to use it. As a result of this suit, there are now clauses in the Screen Actors Guild collective bargaining agreements which state that producers and actors are not allowed to use such methods to reproduce the likeness of other actors.[13]

text: Replacement of Claudia Wells[edit]

text: Claudia Wells, who had played Marty McFly's girlfriend Jennifer Parker in the first film, was to reprise her role, but turned it down due to her mother's ill health. The producers cast Elisabeth Shue instead, which involved re-shooting the closing scenes of the first film for the beginning of Part II. The re-shot sequence is a near shot-for-shot match with the original, with only minor differences: for example, Doc noticeably hesitates before reassuring Marty that his future self is fine – something he did not do in the first film. Marty is also wearing a watch in the second film whereas he was not in the first.[14][15]

text: Wells returned to Hollywood with a starring role in the 1996 independent film Still Waters Burn.  She is one of the few cast members not to make an appearance within the bonus material on the Back to the Future Trilogy DVD set released in 2002.  However, she is interviewed for the Tales from the Future documentaries in the trilogy's 25th anniversary issue on Blu-ray Disc in 2010. In 2011, she finally had the opportunity to reprise her role from the first film, 26 years after her last appearance in the series. She provided the voice of Jennifer Parker for Back to the Future: The Game by Telltale Games.[16]

text: Hoverboard hoax[edit]

text: Zemeckis said on the film's behind-the-scenes featurette that the hoverboards (flying skateboards) used in it were real, yet not released to the public, due to parental complaints regarding safety.[5] Footage of "real hoverboards" was also featured in the extras of a DVD release of the trilogy. A number of people thought Zemeckis was telling the truth and requested them at toy stores. In an interview, Thomas F. Wilson said one of the most frequent questions he was asked was if they are real.[17]

text: Depiction of the future[edit]

text: According to Zemeckis, the 2015 depicted in the film was not meant to be an accurate depiction of the future. "For me, filming the future scenes of the movie were the least enjoyable of making the whole trilogy, because I don't really like films that try and predict the future. The only ones I've actually enjoyed were the ones done by Stanley Kubrick, and not even he predicted the PC when he made A Clockwork Orange. So, rather than trying to make a scientifically sound prediction that we were probably going to get wrong anyway, we figured, let's just make it funny."  Despite this, the filmmakers did do some research into what scientists thought may occur in the year 2015.[18] Bob Gale said, "We knew we weren't going to have flying cars by the year 2015, but God we had to have those in our movie."[19]

text: However, the film did correctly predict a number of technological and sociological changes that occurred by 2015, including: the rise of ubiquitous cameras; use of unmanned flying drones for newsgathering; widescreen flat-panel television sets mounted on walls with multiple channel viewing; video chat systems; hands-free video games; talking hologram billboards; wearable technology; tablet computers with fingerprint scanners;  and head-mounted displays.[20][21] Payment on personal portable devices is also depicted. Although payment by thumbprint is not widely used, fingerprint scanning is in use as security at places such as airports and schools, and electronic payment with fingerprint scanning as a security feature is deployed for Apple Pay.[21] Cars and other vehicles have been able to be run using fuel generated from food wastes, though not through a fusion reactor as suggested in the film.[22] The popularity of 3-D film in the 2010s was also somewhat accurately predicted, although overlaid polarized imagery remains the standard format (as it has been since the 1950s, since updated in modern times to digital) and holography is still not in use for major films.

text: Other aspects of the depiction of the future had not come to pass by 2015, but efforts were made to replicate the technology advances.

text:
The film shows Marty putting on Nike "Air Mag" tennis shoes with automatic shoelaces. Nike released a version of their Hyperdunk Supreme shoes, which appear similar to Marty's, in July 2008. Fans dubbed them the Air McFly.[23] In April 2009, they filed the patent for self-lacing shoes, and their design bears a resemblance to those worn by Marty in the film.[24] In 2010, a fan named Blake Bevin created shoes that tie themselves.[25]  Though Nike had made very limited quantity of Air Mags in the same style as the movie, they stated in September 2011 that their consumer-line MAG line of shoes would not feature the self-lacing feature shown in it.[26][27] Tinker Hatfield, one of the shoe's designers, indicated in 2014 that they would introduce shoes with power-lacing technology the following year, 2015.[28] In March 2016, Nike unveiled the HyperAdapt 1.0 shoe, which is a consumer-market model of the Air Mag and features the same self-lacing technology they used for the commemorative Air Mags, and are expected to start selling in late 2016.[29]
The concept of the hoverboard—a skateboard that can float off the ground—has been explored by various groups since the release of the film. Attempts similar to hoverboats, which blast air at the ground, have been demonstrated,[30] with a 2015 record distance of 275 meters.[31] A different type is the MagBoard, developed by researchers at the Paris Diderot University. It uses a large superconductor plate on the bottom cooled with liquid nitrogen as to achieve the Meissner effect and allow it to float over a special track; it was shown capable of carrying the weight of a human in its practical demonstration. However, the requirement to run the superconductor at higher, more ambient temperatures prevents this from becoming practical.[32][33] In March 2014, a company named HUVr Tech purportedly demonstrated a working hoverboard along with several celebrities including Lloyd, though this shortly was revealed as a hoax created by the website Funny or Die.[34] Self-balancing 'hoverboards' became popular in 2015 even though they do not hover above the ground.[35]

text: In the 2015 scene, the film imagines the Chicago Cubs winning the 2015 World Series against the fictional Miami-based Gators, referencing the Cubs' longstanding failure to win a championship. In the actual 2015 season, the Cubs qualified for the postseason, their first postseason appearance since 2008,[36] but the Cubs lost the National League Championship Series (not the World Series) to the New York Mets on October 21, 2015, which coincidentally was the same day as "Back to the Future Day," the day Marty McFly arrived in 2015 in the film.[37] Despite losing in 2015, one year later the Cubs did win the 2016 World Series against the Cleveland Indians;[38] the official Twitter feed for the Back to the Future franchise tweeted out that Marty & Doc's time-traveling caused "a rift in the space-time continuum" that led to the 1994 strike (and subsequent cancellation of the 1994 World Series), thus delaying the accurate prediction by a year.[39] In the real 2015 World Series, the Kansas City Royals defeated the Mets to win their first World Series championship since 1985, the same year from which Marty and Doc time traveled in the film. As for the fictional Miami Gators, when the film was made Florida did not yet have a Major League Baseball team,[40] but the state has since gained two franchises: the Florida Marlins (now the Miami Marlins) in 1993 and the Tampa Bay Devil Rays (now the Tampa Bay Rays) in 1998. Neither qualified for the postseason in 2015.

text: Release and reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film was released to theaters in North America on Wednesday, November 22, 1989, the day before Thanksgiving. It grossed a total of $27.8 million over Friday to Sunday, and $43 million across the five-day holiday opening. On the following weekend, it had a drop of 56 percent, earning $12.1 million, but remained at #1.[41] Its total gross was $118.5 million in the United States and $213 million overseas, for a total of $331 million worldwide, ranking as 1989's sixth-most successful film domestically and the third-most worldwide—behind Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade and Batman.[42] However, this was still short of the first film's gross. Part III, which Universal released only six months later, experienced a similar drop.

text: Critical response[edit]

text: As of  March 2016[update], the film received a 63% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 60 reviews with an average rating of 6.2/10, with the critical consensus reading, "Back to the Future II is far more uneven than its predecessor, but its madcap highs outweigh the occasionally cluttered machinations of an overstuffed plot".[43] The film has a score of 57 out of 100 on Metacritic, based on 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[44]

text: Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three out of four stars. Ebert criticized it for lacking the "genuine power of the original," but praised it for its slapstick humor and the hoverboard in its chase sequence.[45] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that the film is "ready for bigger and better things."  Maslin later said that it "manages to be giddily and merrily mind-boggling, rather than confusing."[46] Tom Tunney of Empire magazine wrote that the film was well-directed, "high-energy escapism", and called it "solidly entertaining", though noting it as being inferior to the other two films in the franchise.[47]

text: Jonathan Rosenbaum of the Chicago Reader gave the film a negative review, criticizing Zemeckis and Gale for turning the characters into "strident geeks" and for making the "frenetic action strictly formulaic." He believed that it contained "rampant misogyny," because the character of Jennifer Parker "is knocked unconscious early on so she won't interfere with the little-boy games."  He cited, as well, Michael J. Fox dressing in drag.[48] Variety said, "[Director Robert] Zemeckis' fascination with having characters interact at different ages of their lives hurts it visually, and strains credibility past the breaking point, by forcing him to rely on some very cheesy makeup designs."[49]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The film won the Saturn Award for Best Special Effects (for Ken Ralston, the special effects supervisor), the BAFTA Award for Best Special Visual Effects (Ken Ralston, Michael Lantieri, John Bell and Steve Gawley),[50] an Internet-voted 2003 AOL Movies DVD Premiere Award for the trilogy DVDs, a Golden Screen Award, a Young Artist Award, and the Blimp Awards for Favorite Movie Actor (Michael J. Fox), and Favorite Movie Actress (Lea Thompson) at the 1990 Kids' Choice Awards. It was nominated in 1990 for an Academy Award for Visual Effects (John Bell, Steve Gawley, Michael Lantieri and Ken Ralston).[51]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on VHS and LaserDisc on May 22, 1990. Universal reissued it on VHS, LaserDisc, and compact disc in 1991, 1995, and 1998.  On December 17, 2002, Universal released it on DVD in a boxed trilogy set, although widescreen framing problems led to a product recall.[52]  The trilogy was released on Blu-ray Disc in October 2010.

text: Universal re-released the trilogy alongside new features on DVD and Blu-ray on October 21, 2015, coinciding with Back to the Future Day. The new set included a featurette called "Doc Brown Saves the World", where Lloyd, reprising his role as Doc Brown, explains the reasons for the differences between the future of 2015 as depicted in Back to the Future Part II and in real life.[53]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text:
The soundtrack was released by MCA Records on November 22, 1989. AllMusic rated  it four-and-a-half stars out of five.
[54] Unlike the previous soundtrack, it contains only a musical score by composer Alan Silvestri.  None of the vocal songs featured throughout the film are featured.

text: Intrada release[edit]

text: On October 12, 2015, Intrada Records released the complete score of Back to the Future Part II in a 2-disc set including early scoring sessions and alternate takes.[55]


document_title: Objective (optics)

question_text: what do the objectives do on a microscope

text: Objective (optics)

text: Types[edit]

text: Microscope[edit]

text: The objective lens of a microscope is the one at the bottom near the sample. At its simplest, it is a very high-powered magnifying glass, with very short focal length. This is brought very close to the specimen being examined so that the light from the specimen comes to a focus inside the microscope tube. The objective itself is usually a cylinder containing one or more lenses that are typically made of glass; its function is to collect light from the sample.

text: Microscope objectives are characterized by two parameters: magnification and numerical aperture. The magnification typically ranges from 4× to 100×. It is combined with the magnification of the eyepiece to determine the overall magnification of the microscope; a 4× objective with a 10× eyepiece produces an image that is 40 times the size of the object. Numerical aperture for microscope lenses typically ranges from 0.10 to 1.25, corresponding to focal lengths of about 40 mm to 2 mm, respectively.

text: A typical microscope has three or four objective lenses with different magnifications, screwed into a circular "nosepiece" which may be rotated to select the required lens. These lenses are often color coded for easier use. The least powerful lens is called the scanning objective lens, and is typically a 4× objective. The second lens is referred to as the small objective lens and is typically a 10× lens. The most powerful lens out of the three is referred to as the large objective lens and is typically 40–100×. Some microscopes use an oil-immersion or water-immersion lens, which can have magnification greater than 100, and numerical aperture greater than 1. These objectives are specially designed for use with refractive index matching oil or water, which must fill the gap between the front element and the object. These lenses give greater resolution at high magnification. Numerical apertures as high as 1.6 can be achieved with oil immersion.[1]

text: Photography and imaging[edit]

text: Camera lenses (usually referred to as "photographic objectives" instead of simply "objectives"[2]) need to cover a large focal plane so are made up of a number of optical lens elements to correct optical aberrations. Image projectors (such as video, movie, and slide projectors) use objective lenses that simply reverse the function of a camera lens, with lenses designed to cover a large image plane and project it at a distance onto another surface.[3]

text: Telescope[edit]

text: In a telescope the objective is the lens at the front end of a refractor or the image-forming primary mirror of a reflecting or catadioptric telescope. A telescope's light-gathering power and angular resolution are both directly related to the diameter (or "aperture") of its objective lens or mirror. The larger the objective, the dimmer the object it can view and the more detail it can resolve.

text:
A photographic objective, focal length 50 mm, aperture 1:1.4

Diastar projection objective from a 35 mm movie projector, (focal length 400 mm).

Two Leica oil immersion microscope objective lenses; left 100×, right 40×.

The segmented hexagonal objective mirror of the Keck 2 Telescope


document_title: Hope Floats

question_text: in hope floats who is the little boy

question_tokens: in hope floats who is the little boy

text: Hope Floats

text: Plot[edit]

text: Birdee Pruitt (Sandra Bullock) is a Chicago housewife who is invited onto the Toni Post talk show under the pretense of getting a free makeover but instead is ambushed with the revelation that her husband Bill has been having an affair with her best friend Connie (Rosanna Arquette). Humiliated on national television, Birdee and her precocious only daughter Bernice (Mae Whitman) move back to Birdee's hometown of Smithville, Texas, with Birdee's eccentric mother Ramona (Gena Rowlands) and her young, imaginative nephew Travis (Cameron Finley), to make a fresh start. As Birdee and Bernice leave Chicago, Birdee gives Bernice a letter from her father, telling Bernice how much he misses her.

text: Birdee struggles to make a new life as a working single mother and deals with the growing attraction between herself and a former high school classmate, Justin Matisse (Harry Connick Jr.), who Ramona hopes that Birdee will get together with. She also tries to rebuild her relationship with her estranged mother, her ailing father (who suffers from Alzheimer's Disease), and her daughter, who desperately wants to be with her father and grudgingly blames her mother for the breakup, even trying to sabotage the romantic overtures Justin makes towards Birdee. Meanwhile, Bernice is not very happy that she left Chicago and is having difficulty adjusting to her new life and school in Smithville. Her negative view of the small town is worsened when she is bullied by a classmate known as Big Dolores.

text: Adding to Birdee's heartache is her former status as the school queen bee and a beauty pageant winner, which alienated many of her former classmates. They also haven't forgotten Birdee's high school snobbery and rub her nose in her televised embarrassment.

text: Ramona tries to mend the gap between her daughter and granddaughter by telling a childhood story of her own. She asks Bernice what she's wishing for her upcoming birthday. Even though Bernice says she doesn't have a birthday wish, she secretly wishes for her father to return.

text: That night, while drinking a cup of tea before she could sleep, Ramona suffers a massive heart attack and dies. Birdie's sister sends a telegram that she can't make the funeral and Travis wonders if Birdie will him raise him now. Bernice believes her father's presence at the funeral is a sign that her wish has come true... and that her father wants them both to come home. However, it soon becomes clear to her that her parents' split is permanent when Bill asks Birdee for a divorce. Wanting to be with her father, Bernice runs up to her room, packs a suitcase, and follows Bill to his car. She is devastated when her father tells her that even though he loves her and promises to come back for her, he has no room for her in his new life with Connie right now. Bill turns his back on Bernice and drives off, leaving her sobbing and screaming for him to come back and take her with him at the end of the driveway. Birdee comes to pick Bernice up and carries her back into the house. As Birdee comforts Bernice up in her bedroom, Bernice says she knows the letter was actually written by her mother, and not really by her father.

text: One day at work, Birdee finds Justin outside waiting for her with flowers. As she walks to him, she says, "Ok, Mama, stop pushing". After they kiss and embrace, he picks her up, places her in his truck and they drive off together.

text: The final scene shows Birdee, Justin, Bernice, and Travis at a big town event. Birdee has now taken full custody of Travis and is also dating Justin, but she's still not planning on getting married again for a really long time. Bernice welcomes Smithville as her new hometown, ultimately accepts Bill's departure from her life as a full-time parent, and begins to accept Justin as her mother's new love interest and a father figure. She and Birdee are much closer because of everything they've been through, as Bernice finally realizes it wasn't her mother's fault that her father left them and that Birdee really did love her. They share a tender, yet humorous moment when Bernice asks Birdee if she's going to marry Justin. When Birdee asks her if she doesn't like Justin, Bernice says her only real concern is being known as "Bernice Matisse".

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Sandra Bullock as Birdee Calvert Pruitt
Harry Connick Jr. as Justin Matisse
Gena Rowlands as Ramona Calvert
Mae Whitman as Bernice Pruitt
Michael Paré as Bill Pruitt
Cameron Finley as Travis
Kathy Najimy as Toni Post
Bill Cobbs as Nurse
Connie Ray as Bobbi-Claire Patterson
Rosanna Arquette as Connie (uncredited)

text: Filming[edit]

text: Hope Floats was filmed in Smithville, Texas.[2] The home in the movie is the McCollum-Chapman-Trousdale House, built in the Neoclassical style in 1908.[3] The elementary school in the movie is a 1924 high school building.[4] The church used was Saints Peter and Paul Church in Kovar, TX, about 6 miles from Smithville. The church was built in 1921.[citation needed]

text: The film was choreographed by Patsy Swayze.[5]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The film's soundtrack was released in 1998 under the production of Don Was. The album included the works of artists such as Garth Brooks, the Rolling Stones, Bryan Adams, Bob Seger, and Sheryl Crow. One of the singles, Brooks' "To Make You Feel My Love", was a Number One single on the Billboard country singles charts in August 1998 and also a Grammy Award nominee in 1999 for Male Country Vocal performance.

text: Score[edit]

text:
Hope Floats:
Original Score Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Various

Released
1998

Genre
Score

Label
RCA Victor

Producer
Don Was

tag: table

text: Hope Floats: Original Score Soundtrack

text:
"To Make You Feel My Love" – Garth Brooks (3:53)
"In Need" – Sheryl Crow (5:29)
"Honest I Do" – The Rolling Stones (3:55)
"Chances Are" – Bob Seger and Martina McBride (4:17)
"All I Get" – The Mavericks (4:08)
"Paper Wings" – Gillian Welch (3:57)
"Stop! In the Name of Love" – Jonell Mosser with David Campbell (4:31)
"Wither, I'm a Flower" – Whiskeytown (4:53)
"What Makes You Stay" – Deana Carter (4:35)
"To Get Me to You" – Lila McCann (3:50)
"Smile" – Lyle Lovett with David Campbell(3:38)
"When You Love Someone" – Bryan Adams (3:39)
"To Make You Feel My Love" – Trisha Yearwood (2:57)

tag: ol

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 24%, based on 33 reviews, with an average rating of 4.9/10.[6]

text: Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle called it "corny and false, with a script by Steven Rogers that's almost 100 percent artificial sweetener." He praised the performances of Sandra Bullock and Dee Hennigan, especially in the scene at the employment agency, and said Harry Connick Jr. was "likable as usual", but found the character Bernice's surliness to be abnormal and painful to watch.[7] Roger Ebert deemed it "a turgid melodrama with the emotional range of a sympathy card", citing the formulaic plot and numerous holes in the characterizations. He gave it two stars.[8] James Berardinelli also gave it two stars, commenting that the film relies too much on stock situations and blatantly calculated attempts to stir emotion while neglecting character-building. He also criticized the acting, saying that Bullock is better suited to more lighthearted fare, and Connick's performance is wooden.[9] The Republican's John R. McEwen had a more mixed reaction, assessing the film as "a run-of-the-mill romance, but fair work by all involved." He particularly praised the chemistry between Connick and Bullock and the country-flavored soundtrack. However, he criticized that the townspeople's callousness towards Birdie strains credulity, since Bullock's performance makes it hard to imagine people disliking her so much, and that even if they did it would be normal for them to have some sympathy after her public humiliation and the breakup of her marriage.[10]

text: This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (January 2011)

text: Awards and nominations [edit]

text:
1999 ALMA Awards

Nomination: Outstanding Performance of a Song for a Feature Film - The Mavericks for the song "All I Get".

1999 Acapulco Black Film Festival

Nomination: Best Director - Forest Whitaker

1999 Blockbuster Entertainment Awards

Nomination: Favorite Actor - Drama/Romance - Harry Connick Jr.
Nomination: Favorite Supporting Actress - Drama/Romance - Gena Rowlands

1999 Lone Star Film & Television Awards

Winner: Best Actress - Sandra Bullock
Winner: Best Supporting Actress - Gena Rowlands

1999 Young Artist Awards

Winner: Best Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actress Age Ten or Under - Mae Whitman
Nomination: Performance in a Feature Film - Young Actor Age Ten or Under - Cameron Finley

1998 YoungStar Awards

Nomination: Best Performance by a Young Actor in a Drama Film - Cameron Finley
Nomination: Best Performance by a Young Actress in a Drama Film - Mae Whitman