document_title: 90th Academy Awards

question_text: when will the oscar nominations for 2018 be announced

text: 90th Academy Awards

text: Winners and nominees[edit]

text: The nominees for the 90th Academy Awards were announced on January 23, 2018, at 5:22 a.m. PST (13:22 UTC), at the Samuel Goldwyn Theater in Beverly Hills, California, via global live stream,[11] from the Academy and by actors Tiffany Haddish and Andy Serkis.[12]

text: The Shape of Water led all nominees with thirteen nominations; Dunkirk came in second with eight, and Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri came in third with seven.[13][14]

text: Awards[edit]

text: Winners are listed first, highlighted in boldface, and indicated with a double dagger ().[15][16]

text:
Best Picture

The Shape of Water – Guillermo del Toro and J. Miles Dale

Call Me by Your Name – Peter Spears, Luca Guadagnino, Emilie Georges, and Marco Morabito
Darkest Hour – Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Lisa Bruce, Anthony McCarten, and Douglas Urbanski
Dunkirk – Emma Thomas and Christopher Nolan
Get Out – Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, Edward H. Hamm Jr., and Jordan Peele
Lady Bird – Scott Rudin, Eli Bush, and Evelyn O'Neill
Phantom Thread – JoAnne Sellar, Paul Thomas Anderson, Megan Ellison and Daniel Lupi
The Post – Amy Pascal, Steven Spielberg, and Kristie Macosko Krieger
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Graham Broadbent, Pete Czernin, and Martin McDonagh

Best Director

Guillermo del Toro – The Shape of Water

Christopher Nolan – Dunkirk
Jordan Peele – Get Out
Greta Gerwig – Lady Bird
Paul Thomas Anderson – Phantom Thread

Best Actor

Gary Oldman – Darkest Hour as Winston Churchill

Timothée Chalamet – Call Me by Your Name as Elio Perlman
Daniel Day-Lewis – Phantom Thread as Reynolds Woodcock
Daniel Kaluuya – Get Out as Chris Washington
Denzel Washington – Roman J. Israel, Esq. as Roman J. Israel

Best Actress

Frances McDormand – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Mildred Hayes

Sally Hawkins – The Shape of Water as Elisa Esposito
Margot Robbie – I, Tonya as Tonya Harding
Saoirse Ronan – Lady Bird as Christine "Lady Bird" McPherson
Meryl Streep – The Post as Katharine Graham

Best Supporting Actor

Sam Rockwell – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Officer Jason Dixon

Willem Dafoe – The Florida Project as Bobby Hicks
Woody Harrelson – Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri as Chief Bill Willoughby
Richard Jenkins – The Shape of Water as Giles
Christopher Plummer – All the Money in the World as J. Paul Getty

Best Supporting Actress

Allison Janney – I, Tonya as LaVona Golden

Mary J. Blige – Mudbound as Florence Jackson
Lesley Manville – Phantom Thread as Cyril Woodcock
Laurie Metcalf – Lady Bird as Marion McPherson
Octavia Spencer – The Shape of Water as Zelda Delilah Fuller

Best Original Screenplay

Get Out – Jordan Peele

The Big Sick – Emily V. Gordon and Kumail Nanjiani
Lady Bird – Greta Gerwig
The Shape of Water – Screenplay by Guillermo del Toro and Vanessa Taylor; Story by Guillermo del Toro
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Martin McDonagh

Best Adapted Screenplay

Call Me by Your Name – James Ivory based on the novel by André Aciman

The Disaster Artist – Scott Neustadter and Michael H. Weber based on the book by Greg Sestero and Tom Bissell
Logan – Screenplay by Scott Frank, James Mangold and Michael Green; Story by James Mangold based on characters from the X-Men comic books and theatrical motion pictures
Molly's Game – Aaron Sorkin based on the memoir by Molly Bloom
Mudbound – Virgil Williams and Dee Rees based on the novel by Hillary Jordan

Best Animated Feature Film

Coco – Lee Unkrich and Darla K. Anderson

The Boss Baby – Tom McGrath and Ramsey Ann Naito
The Breadwinner – Nora Twomey and Anthony Leo
Ferdinand – Carlos Saldanha and Lori Forte
Loving Vincent – Dorota Kobiela, Hugh Welchman and Ivan Mactaggart

Best Foreign Language Film

A Fantastic Woman (Chile) in Spanish – Directed by Sebastián Lelio

The Insult (Lebanon) in Arabic – Directed by Ziad Doueiri
Loveless (Russia) in Russian – Directed by Andrey Zvyagintsev
On Body and Soul (Hungary) in Hungarian – Directed by Ildikó Enyedi
The Square (Sweden) in Swedish – Directed by Ruben Östlund

Best Documentary Feature

Icarus – Bryan Fogel and Dan Cogan

Abacus: Small Enough to Jail – Steve James, Mark Mitten and Julie Goldman
Faces Places – Agnès Varda, JR and Rosalie Varda
Last Men in Aleppo – Feras Fayyad, Kareem Abeed and Søren Steen Jespersen
Strong Island – Yance Ford and Joslyn Barnes

Best Documentary – Short Subject

Heaven Is a Traffic Jam on the 405 – Frank Stiefel

Edith+Eddie – Laura Checkoway and Thomas Lee Wright
Heroin(e) – Elaine McMillion Sheldon and Kerrin Sheldon
Knife Skills – Thomas Lennon
Traffic Stop – Kate Davis and David Heilbroner

Best Live Action Short Film

The Silent Child – Chris Overton and Rachel Shenton

DeKalb Elementary – Reed Van Dyk
The Eleven O'Clock – Derin Seale and Josh Lawson
My Nephew Emmett – Kevin Wilson Jr.
Watu Wote/All of Us – Katja Benrath and Tobias Rosen

Best Animated Short Film

Dear Basketball – Glen Keane and Kobe Bryant

Garden Party – Victor Caire and Gabriel Grapperon
Lou – Dave Mullins and Dana Murray
Negative Space – Max Porter and Ru Kuwahata
Revolting Rhymes – Jakob Schuh and Jan Lachauer

Best Original Score

The Shape of Water – Alexandre Desplat

Dunkirk – Hans Zimmer
Phantom Thread – Jonny Greenwood
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – John Williams
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Carter Burwell

Best Original Song

"Remember Me" from Coco – Music and Lyrics by Kristen Anderson-Lopez and Robert Lopez

"Mighty River" from Mudbound – Music and Lyrics by Mary J. Blige, Raphael Saadiq and Taura Stinson
"Mystery of Love" from Call Me by Your Name – Music and Lyrics by Sufjan Stevens
"Stand Up for Something" from Marshall – Music by Diane Warren; Lyrics by Common and Diane Warren
"This Is Me" from The Greatest Showman – Music and Lyrics by Benj Pasek and Justin Paul

Best Sound Editing

Dunkirk – Richard King and Alex Gibson

Baby Driver – Julian Slater
Blade Runner 2049 – Mark Mangini and Theo Green
The Shape of Water – Nathan Robitaille and Nelson Ferreira
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – Matthew Wood and Ren Klyce

Best Sound Mixing

Dunkirk – Mark Weingarten, Gregg Landaker and Gary A. Rizzo

Baby Driver – Julian Slater, Tim Cavagin and Mary H. Ellis
Blade Runner 2049 – Ron Bartlett, Doug Hemphill and Mac Ruth
The Shape of Water – Christian Cooke, Brad Zoern and Glen Gauthier
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – David Parker, Michael Semanick, Ren Klyce and Stuart Wilson

Best Production Design

The Shape of Water – Production Design: Paul Denham Austerberry; Set Decoration: Shane Vieau and Jeff Melvin

Beauty and the Beast – Production Design: Sarah Greenwood; Set Decoration: Katie Spencer
Blade Runner 2049 – Production Design: Dennis Gassner; Set Decoration: Alessandra Querzola
Darkest Hour – Production Design: Sarah Greenwood; Set Decoration: Katie Spencer
Dunkirk – Production Design: Nathan Crowley; Set Decoration: Gary Fettis

Best Cinematography

Blade Runner 2049 – Roger Deakins

Darkest Hour – Bruno Delbonnel
Dunkirk – Hoyte van Hoytema
Mudbound – Rachel Morrison
The Shape of Water – Dan Laustsen

Best Makeup and Hairstyling

Darkest Hour – Kazuhiro Tsuji, David Malinowski and Lucy Sibbick

Victoria & Abdul – Daniel Phillips and Lou Sheppard
Wonder – Arjen Tuiten

Best Costume Design

Phantom Thread – Mark Bridges

Beauty and the Beast – Jacqueline Durran
Darkest Hour – Jacqueline Durran
The Shape of Water – Luis Sequeira
Victoria & Abdul – Consolata Boyle

Best Film Editing

Dunkirk – Lee Smith

Baby Driver – Paul Machliss and Jonathan Amos
I, Tonya – Tatiana S. Riegel
The Shape of Water – Sidney Wolinsky
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri – Jon Gregory

Best Visual Effects

Blade Runner 2049 – John Nelson, Gerd Nefzer, Paul Lambert and Richard R. Hoover

Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 – Christopher Townsend, Guy Williams, Jonathan Fawkner and Dan Sudick
Kong: Skull Island – Stephen Rosenbaum, Jeff White, Scott Benza and Mike Meinardus
Star Wars: The Last Jedi – Ben Morris, Mike Mulholland, Neal Scanlan and Chris Corbould
War for the Planet of the Apes – Joe Letteri, Daniel Barrett, Dan Lemmon and Joel Whist

text: Governors Awards[edit]

text: The Academy held its ninth annual Governors Awards ceremony on November 11, 2017, during which the following awards were presented:[17]

text:
Agnès Varda — French film director, writer, editor and producer[18]
Charles Burnett — American director, writer, producer, editor and cinematographer[19]
Donald Sutherland — Canadian actor[20]
Owen Roizman — American cinematographer[21]

tag: ul

text: Alejandro G. Iñárritu for his virtual reality project Carne y Arena[22][23]

text: Films with multiple wins and nominations[edit]

text:
Films that received multiple nominations[24]

Nominations
Film

13
The Shape of Water

8
Dunkirk

7
Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

6
Darkest Hour

Phantom Thread

5
Blade Runner 2049

Lady Bird

4
Call Me by Your Name

Get Out

Mudbound

Star Wars: The Last Jedi

3
Baby Driver

I, Tonya

2
Beauty and the Beast

Coco

The Post

Victoria & Abdul

text:
Films that received multiple awards[25]

Wins
Film

4
The Shape of Water

3
Dunkirk

2
Blade Runner 2049

Coco

Darkest Hour

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri

text: Presenters and performers[edit]

text: The following individuals presented awards or performed musical numbers.[26][27][28]

text: Presenters[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role

Randy Thomas
Announcer for the 90th annual Academy Awards

Davis, ViolaViola Davis
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actor

Gadot, GalGal Gadot
Hammer, ArmieArmie Hammer
Presenters of the award for Best Makeup and Hairstyling

Saint, Eva MarieEva Marie Saint
Presenter of the award for Best Costume Design

Dern, LauraLaura Dern
Gerwig, GretaGreta Gerwig
Presenters of the award for Best Documentary Feature

Henson, Taraji P.Taraji P. Henson
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Mighty River"

Elgort, AnselAnsel Elgort
González, EizaEiza González
Presenters of the awards for Best Sound Editing and Best Sound Mixing

Nanjiani, KumailKumail Nanjiani
Nyong'o, LupitaLupita Nyong'o
Presenters of the award for Best Production Design

Derbez, EugenioEugenio Derbez
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Remember Me"

Moreno, RitaRita Moreno
Presenter of the award for Best Foreign Language Film

Ali, MahershalaMahershala Ali
Presenter of the award for Best Supporting Actress

, BB-8BB-8
Hamill, MarkMark Hamill
Isaac, OscarOscar Isaac
Tran, Kelly MarieKelly Marie Tran
Presenters of the awards for Best Animated Short Film and Best Animated Feature Film

Vega, DanielaDaniela Vega
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Mystery of Love"

Holland, TomTom Holland
Rodriguez, GinaGina Rodriguez
Presenters of the award for Best Visual Effects

McConaughey, MatthewMatthew McConaughey
Presenter of the award for Best Film Editing

Haddish, TiffanyTiffany Haddish
Rudolph, MayaMaya Rudolph
Presenters of the awards for Best Documentary Short Subject and Best Live Action Short Film

Chappelle, DaveDave Chappelle
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "Stand Up for Something"

Hayek, SalmaSalma Hayek
Judd, AshleyAshley Judd
Sciorra, AnnabellaAnnabella Sciorra
Special presentation highlighting the Time's Up movement and diversity in film

Boseman, ChadwickChadwick Boseman
Robbie, MargotMargot Robbie
Presenters of the award for Best Adapted Screenplay

Kidman, NicoleNicole Kidman
Presenter of the award for Best Original Screenplay

Studi, WesWes Studi
Special presentation highlighting depictions of the US Military in film

Bullock, SandraSandra Bullock
Presenter of the award for Best Cinematography

Zendaya
Introducer of the performance of Best Original Song nominee "This Is Me"

Walken, ChristopherChristopher Walken
Presenter of the award for Best Original Score

Blunt, EmilyEmily Blunt
Miranda, Lin-ManuelLin-Manuel Miranda
Presenters of the award for Best Original Song

Garner, JenniferJennifer Garner
Presenter of the In Memoriam tribute

Stone, EmmaEmma Stone
Presenter of the award for Best Director

Fonda, JaneJane Fonda
Mirren, HelenHelen Mirren
Presenters of the award for Best Actor

Foster, JodieJodie Foster
Lawrence, JenniferJennifer Lawrence
Presenters of the award for Best Actress

Beatty, WarrenWarren Beatty
Dunaway, FayeFaye Dunaway
Presenters of the award for Best Picture

text: Performers[edit]

text:
Name(s)
Role
Performed

Harold Wheeler
Musical Arranger and Conductor
Orchestral

Blige, Mary J.Mary J. Blige
Performer
"Mighty River" from Mudbound

Gael García Bernal
Miguel
Natalia Lafourcade
Performers
"Remember Me" from Coco

Stevens, SufjanSufjan Stevens
St. Vincent, St. Vincent
Sumney, MosesMoses Sumney
Thile, ChrisChris Thile
Performers
"Mystery of Love" from Call Me by Your Name

Day, AndraAndra Day
, CommonCommon
Performers
"Stand Up for Something" from Marshall

Settle, KealaKeala Settle
Performer
"This Is Me" from The Greatest Showman

Vedder, EddieEddie Vedder
Performer
“Room at the Top” during In Memoriam segment

text: Record nominations and winners[edit]

text:
Mary J. Blige – With her nominations for Best Supporting Actress and Best Original Song, she is the first person to be nominated for performance and songwriting in the same year.[29]
Yance Ford – With his Best Documentary Feature nomination for Strong Island, he is the first openly transgender director to be nominated for an Academy Award.[30][31][32]
Greta Gerwig – With her nomination for Lady Bird, she became the fifth woman filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director.[33][34][35][36][37][38]
James Ivory – At the age of 89, he became the oldest man to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Adapted Screenplay for Call Me by Your Name), and the oldest person to win a competitive Academy Award.[39]
Rachel Morrison – Became the first woman to be nominated for Best Cinematography, for Mudbound.[40][41]
Jordan Peele – With his nomination for Get Out, he became the fifth black filmmaker to be nominated for Best Director,[42][43][44] as well as the first black filmmaker to receive nominations for producing, directing and writing in the same year.[45] With his win for Best Original Screenplay, he became the first black screenwriter to win in that category.[46]
Christopher Plummer – At the age of 88, he became the oldest actor to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Supporting Actor for All the Money in the World). Plummer is also the current oldest acting winner (Best Supporting Actor for Beginners in 2012).[47]
Dee Rees – With her nomination for Mudbound, she is the first black woman to be nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay and the second black woman to be nominated for writing.[48][49][50]
Octavia Spencer – Now tied with Viola Davis as the most-nominated black actress, with three acting nominations (Best Supporting Actress for The Shape of Water).[51]
Meryl Streep – With her twenty-first nomination for Best Actress nomination in The Post, she broke her own record for the most-nominated actor of all time.[52][53][54]
Agnès Varda – At the age of 89, became the oldest person to be nominated for a competitive Academy Award (Best Documentary Feature for Faces Places).[55]
Denzel Washington – With his nomination for Roman J. Israel, Esq., he is now the most honored black actor.[56]
John Williams – With his fifty-first nomination, he broke his own record for the most-nominated living individual (Best Original Score for Star Wars: The Last Jedi).[57]

text: Ceremony information[edit]

text: Despite the mixed reception received from the preceding year's ceremony, the Academy rehired Michael De Luca and Jennifer Todd as producers for the second consecutive year.[58] In May 2017, it was announced that Jimmy Kimmel would return as host for a second consecutive year.[59] Kimmel expressed that he was thrilled to be selected to MC the gala again, commenting, "Hosting the Oscars was a highlight of my career and I am grateful to Cheryl [Boone Isaacs], Dawn [Hudson], and the Academy for asking me to return to work with two of my favorite people, Mike De Luca and Jennifer Todd. If you think we screwed up the ending this year, wait until you see what we have planned for the 90th anniversary show!"[60] Jimmy extensively campaigned for the ceremony, shooting several promos and discussions on his talk show.

text: On December 4, 2017, it was announced that the timing of the ceremony and its pre-show had been changed and both would be scheduled to broadcast a half-hour earlier than prior telecasts.[61][62] In the first half of the nominations announcement, pre-taped category introductions were included that featured actresses Priyanka Chopra, Rosario Dawson, Gal Gadot, Salma Hayek, Michelle Rodriguez, Zoe Saldana, Molly Shannon, Rebel Wilson and Michelle Yeoh.[63][64]

text: As per the tradition of the Academy, the previous year's Best Actor winner usually presents the Best Actress award for the next year's ceremony; in lieu of this, last year's Best Actor winner Casey Affleck reportedly decided not to attend the ceremony due to his sexual harassment allegations.[65][66] Jodie Foster and Jennifer Lawrence presented the award together in place of Affleck.[67] The Best Actor award was presented by Jane Fonda and Helen Mirren.[68] Warren Beatty and Faye Dunaway returned to present the Best Picture Award for the second year in the row, after last year's announcement error.[69][70] Sixth-year in a row Derek McLane designed the stage with forty-five million Swarovski crystals.[71][72]

text: Box office performance of nominated films[edit]

text:
North American box office gross for Best Picture nominees[73]

Film
Pre-nomination
(before Jan. 23)
Post-nomination
(Jan. 23 – Mar. 4)
Post-awards
(after Mar. 5)
Total

Dunkirk
$188 million
–
–
$188 million

Get Out
$175.7 million
$353,795
–
$176 million

The Post
$45.8 million
$34.6 million
$1.3 million
$81.8 million

The Shape of Water
$30.4 million
$27 million
$6.1 million
$63.8 million

Darkest Hour
$41.1 million
$14.5 million
$892,743
$56.4 million

Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri
$32.3 million
$19.2 million
$2.2 million
$54.4 million

Lady Bird
$39.2 million
$9.2 million
$636,405
$49 million

Phantom Thread
$6.4 million
$13.8 million
$736,566
$21 million

Call Me by Your Name
$9.4 million
$6.8 million
$1.1 million
$18 million

Total
$568.2 million
$126.7 million
$13 million
$708.5 million

Average
$63.1 million
$14.1 million
$1.4 million
$78.7 million

text: At the time of the nominations announcement on January 23, 2018, the combined gross of the nine Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $568.2 million, with an average of $63.1 million per film (although Dunkirk and Get Out were the only films with a gross above $46 million). When the nominations were announced, Dunkirk was the highest-grossing film among the Best Picture nominees with $188 million in domestic box office receipts. Get Out was the second-highest-grossing film with $175.6 million, followed by The Post ($45.7 million), Darkest Hour ($41 million), Lady Bird ($39.1 million), Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri ($32.2 million), The Shape of Water ($30.4 million), Call Me by Your Name ($9.1 million), and Phantom Thread ($6.3 million).[74] From the date of announcements to the time of the ceremony on March 4, 2018, the total made by the Best Picture nominees at the North American box offices was $126.7 million, with an average of $14.1 million per film. The Post ($34.6 million) and The Shape of Water ($27 million) had the highest grossed during that frame, followed by Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri ($19.8 million), Darkest Hour ($14.5 million), Phantom Thread ($13.8 million), Lady Bird ($9.2 million), Call Me by Your Name ($7.5 million) and Get Out ($353,795 from a one week re-release).

text: Thirty-six nominations went to 15 films on the list of the top 50 grossing movies of the year. Of those 15 films, only Coco (12th), Logan (15th) Dunkirk (16th), Get Out (18th), The Boss Baby (19th), and Ferdinand (35th) were nominated for Best Picture, Best Animated Feature or any of the directing, acting or screenwriting awards. The other top 50 box-office hits that earned nominations were Star Wars: The Last Jedi (1st), Beauty and the Beast (2nd), Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 2 (8th), Kong: Skull Island (17th), War for the Planet of the Apes (20th), Wonder (33rd), The Greatest Showman (29th), Baby Driver (36th), and Blade Runner 2049 (41st).

text: Frances McDormand's Oscar theft[edit]

text: Right after her win at the Governor's ball, actress Frances McDormand's Oscar was briefly stolen for fifteen minutes by a man named Terry Bryant, who had a ticket to the after-party.[75] Bryant filmed himself with the statute and reportedly telling other "guests he was a winner,"[76] before being apprehended by Chef Wolfgang Puck's photographer who did not recognize Bryant as a winner and retrieved the statute from him returning it back to the actress.[77]

text: The Academy said in a statement, "Best Actress winner Frances McDormand and her Oscar were happily reunited after a brief separation at last night’s Governors Ball. The alleged thief was quickly apprehended by a photographer and members of our fast-acting Academy and security teams."[78] Despite McDormand's consent to let Bryant go, he was arrested by LAPD and was charged with grand theft, but was released without a bail following Wednesday's hearing after the judge ruled that "he did not pose a flight risk."[79] He appeared in court on March 28, 2018, where without any consesus his hearing was rescheduled on May 1, 2018.[80]

text: Critical reception and television ratings[edit]

text: The show received a mixed reception from media publications. Some media outlets were more critical of the show. On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the show holds an approval rating of 46% based on 28 critics, and summarized, "The 90th Academy Awards played it safe and hit no major snags – but by clocking in at over four hours, wore out its welcome long before the surprise ending."[81]

text: Hank Stuever of The Washington Post marked, "In his second year, Kimmel has shown that the telecast needn't be anything but sharp and sure, with a funny host whose bits are manageable, shareable and — best of all — forgotten. We're not making showbiz history here; we're just trying to get through another Oscar night."[82] Chief critic David Edelstein of Vulture wrote, "This was the best, most inspiring, and most sheerly likable Academy Awards telecast I've ever seen. ... It was also — in terms of the actual awards — among the most disappointing."[83] Vanity Fair's, Richard Lawson wrote, "As a host, Kimmel struck a careful, appropriately measured tone ... All told, Sunday's ceremony did an admirable job of recognizing all the turmoil surrounding it while maintaining the silly, chintzy trappings that so many of us tune into the Oscars for."[84] CNN's Brian Lowry quipped, "The Oscars are a big, unwieldy beast, which invariably try to serve too many masters. Yet if the intent was ultimately to maintain a celebratory tone without ignoring either the outside world or the elephant in the room throughout this year's awards, host Jimmy Kimmel and the show itself largely succeeded."[85]

text: Others were more critical of the show. Television critic Maureen Ryan of Variety said, "All things considered, the show had a more or less low-key vibe. Normally it takes about two hours for the numbing effect to set in, but despite host Jimmy Kimmel's best efforts, Sunday's telecast started to feel a bit languid and low-energy far earlier."[86] Television critic James Poniewozik of The New York Times said, "despite the recent upheaval in Hollywood, the ceremony at large still focused mainly on celebration and glitter literally, in the case of the blinding set, which looked as if the ceremony were encased in an enormous geode. There's also the perennial problem of bloat. The hitch, of course, is that every part of the show has its constituency."[87] Darren Franich of Entertainment Weekly wrote, "What fun we had at this year's Oscars! Long show, sure, but where to cut it?"[88] Writing for Deadline Greg Evans said, "Did the nearly four-hour running time contain any moments for the Oscar ages? Probably not."[89] David Wiegand of San Francisco Chronicle said, "Even the hope that the noise of clapping might keep the audience at home and in the theater awake, there was little of that for anything except the entrance of actors of advance age."[90] The Oregonian columnist Kristi Turnquist wrote, "Was it respectful? Absolutely. Did it make for kind of a dull, earnest Oscars show? Yeah, kind of."[91]

text: Attaining 26.5 million U.S. viewers according to Nielsen ratings, the ceremony's telecast had a 16-percent drop in viewership from last year's ceremony and had the lowest U.S. viewership in Oscar history.[92][93] On March 6, after the final ratings were confirmed, President Donald Trump took to his Twitter account, saying, "Lowest rated Oscars in HISTORY. Problem is, we don't have stars anymore – except your President (just kidding, of course)!".[94][95] In response, Kimmel also tweeted, saying, "Thanks, lowest rated President in HISTORY."[96][97]

text: In Memoriam[edit]

text: The annual In Memoriam segment was introduced by Jennifer Garner with Eddie Vedder performing a rendition of the Tom Petty's song "Room at the Top".[98] The segment paid tribute to following forty-four artists in the montage:[99]

text:
John G. Avildsen – Director
Toni Ann Walker – Hairstylist
June Foray – Actress, animator
Walter Lassally – Cinematographer
Chuck Berry – Singer-songwriter
Robert Osborne – Writer, columnist, television host
Jill Messick – Producer
Harry Dean Stanton – Actor
Terence Marsh – Production designer
Rita Riggs – Costume designer
Mary Goldberg – Casting director
Anthony Harvey – Director, film editor
Thérèse DePrez – Production designer
Debra Chasnoff – Documentarian
Jóhann Jóhannsson – Composer
Jonathan Demme – Director
Michael Ballhaus – Cinematographer
Les Lazarowitz – Sound mixer
Idrissa Ouedraogo – Writer, director
Joe Hyams – Public Relations
John Heard – Actor
Martin Landau – Actor
Glenne Headly – Actress
Eric Zumbrunnen – Film dditor
Roger Moore – Actor
Sam Shepard – Writer, actor
Allison Shearmur – Producer, executive
John Mollo – Costume designer
Jeanne Moreau – Actress, director
Loren Janes – Stuntman
George A. Romero – Director, producer
Rance Howard – Actor
Sridevi – Actress
Haruo Nakajima – Actor
Martin Ransohoff – Producer
Hiep Thi Le – Actress
Ron Berkeley – Makeup artist
Joseph Bologna – Actor, writer
Fred J. Koenekamp – Cinematographer
Murray Lerner – Documentarian
Don Rickles – Actor, comedian
Seijun Suzuki – Director
Bernie Casey – Actor
Shashi Kapoor – Actor, producer
Tom Sanders – Production designer
Danielle Darrieux – Actress
Jerry Greenberg – Film editor
Brad Grey – Executive producer, manager
Miriam Colon – Actress
Luis Bacalov – Composer
Jerry Lewis – Actor, director, writer (Comedian)

text: On the Academy's website there is a gallery focusing on several other artists that were not included in the segment.


document_title: Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn

question_text: who said frankly scarlett i don't give a damn

question_tokens: who said frankly scarlett i do n 't give a damn

root

text: Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (July 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: "Frankly, my dear, I don't give a damn" is a line from the 1939 film Gone with the Wind starring Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh.  The line is spoken by Rhett Butler (Gable), as his last words to Scarlett O'Hara (Leigh), in response to her tearful question: "Where shall I go? What shall I do?"  Scarlett clings to the hope that she can win him back. This line is also partially spoken by Rhett Butler in Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind, published in 1936, from which the film is derived.

tag: p

text: The line demonstrates that Rhett has finally given up on Scarlett and their tumultuous relationship. After more than a decade of fruitlessly seeking her love, he no longer cares what happens to her.

text: This quotation was voted the number one movie line of all time by the American Film Institute in 2005.[1]

text: Production code conflict[edit]

text: Prior to the film's release, censors objected to the use of the word "damn" in the film, a word that had been prohibited by the 1930 Motion Picture Production Code, beginning in July 1934. However, before 1930 the word "damn" had been relatively common in films. In the silent era, John Gilbert even shouted "Goddamn you!" to the enemy during battle in The Big Parade (1925). The Production Code was ratified on March 31, 1930, and was effective for motion pictures whose filming began afterward. Thus, talkies that used "damn" include Glorifying the American Girl (1929), Flight (1929), Gold Diggers of Broadway (1929), Hell's Angels (1930), The Big Trail (1930), The Dawn Patrol (1930), The Green Goddess (1930) and Dracula (1931). Although legend persists that the Hays Office fined producer David O. Selznick $5,000 for using the word "damn", in fact the MPPDA board passed an amendment to the Production Code a month and a half before the film's release, on November 1, 1939, that allowed use of the words "hell" or "damn" when their use "shall be essential and required for portrayal, in proper historical context, of any scene or dialogue based upon historical fact or folklore...or a quotation from a literary work, provided that no such use shall be permitted which is intrinsically objectionable or offends good taste".[2] With that amendment, the Production Code Administration had no further objection to Rhett's closing line. It is actually the second use of "damn" in the film. The term "damn Yankees" is heard in the parlor scene at Twelve Oaks.[3]


document_title: Blood pressure

question_text: which term is used to describe a blood pressure of 90 mm hg systolic and 50 mm hg diastolic

text: Blood pressure

text: Classification[edit]

text: Systemic arterial pressure[edit]

text:
Classification of blood pressure for adults[3][4][5]

Category
systolic, mmHg
diastolic, mmHg

Hypotension

< 90

< 60

Desired

90–119

90–129[5]

60–79

60–84[5]

Prehypertension (high normal)

120–139

130–139[5]

80–89

85–89[5]

Stage 1 hypertension

140–159

90–99

Stage 2 hypertension

160–179

100–109

Hypertensive urgency

≥ 180

≥ 110

Isolated systolic hypertension

≥ 160

< 90

text: The risk of cardiovascular disease increases progressively above 115/75 mmHg.[6] In practice blood pressure is considered too low only if noticeable symptoms are present.[4]

text: Observational studies demonstrate that people who maintain arterial pressures at the low end of these pressure ranges have much better long term cardiovascular health. There is an ongoing medical debate over what is the optimal level of blood pressure to target when using drugs to lower blood pressure with hypertension, particularly in older people.[7]

text: The table shows the classification of blood pressure adopted by the American Heart Association for adults who are 18 years and older.[3] It assumes the values are a result of averaging resting blood pressure readings measured at two or more visits to the doctor.[8][9]

text: In the UK, clinic blood pressures are usually categorized into three groups; low (90/60 or lower), normal (between 90/60 and 139/89), and high (140/90 or higher).[10][11]

text: Blood pressure fluctuates from minute to minute and normally shows a circadian rhythm over a 24-hour period, with highest readings in the early morning and evenings and lowest readings at night.[12][13] Loss of the normal fall in blood pressure at night is associated with a greater future risk of cardiovascular disease and there is evidence that night-time blood pressure is a stronger predictor of cardiovascular events than day-time blood pressure.[14] Also, an individual's blood pressure varies with exercise, emotional reactions, sleep, digestion and time of day (circadian rhythm).

text: Various other factors, such as age and sex, also influence a person's blood pressure. In children, the normal ranges are lower than for adults and depend on height.[15] Reference blood pressure values have been developed for children in different countries, based on the distribution of blood pressure in children of these countries.[16] As adults age, systolic pressure tends to rise and diastolic pressure tends to fall.[17] Consequently, in the elderly, systolic blood pressure often exceeds the normal adult range,[18] this is thought to be due to increased stiffness of the arteries.[19]

text: Differences between left and right arm blood pressure measurements tend to be small. However, occasionally there is a consistent difference greater than 10 mmHg which may need further investigation, e.g. for obstructive arterial disease.[20][21]

text:
Reference ranges for blood pressure in children[22]

Stage
Approximate age
Systolic
Diastolic

Infants
1 to 12 months
75–100
50–70

Toddlers and preschoolers
1 to 5 years
80–110
50–80

School age
6 to 12 years
85–120
50–80

Adolescents
13 to 18 years
95–140
60–90

text: Mean arterial pressure[edit]

text: The mean arterial pressure (MAP) is the average over a cardiac cycle and is determined by the cardiac output (CO), systemic vascular resistance (SVR), and central venous pressure (CVP):[23]

text: In practice the contribution of CVP (which is small) is generally ignored and so

text:
MAP can be estimated from measurements of the systolic pressure

P

sys

{\displaystyle \!P_{\text{sys}}}

  and the diastolic pressure

P

dias

{\displaystyle \!P_{\text{dias}}}

 [23]

text: Pulse pressure[edit]

text: The pulse pressure is the difference between the measured systolic and diastolic pressures,[24]

text: The up and down fluctuation of the arterial pressure results from the pulsatile nature of the cardiac output, i.e. the heartbeat. Pulse pressure is determined by the interaction of the stroke volume of the heart, the compliance (ability to expand) of the arterial system—largely attributable to the aorta and large elastic arteries—and the resistance to flow in the arterial tree. By expanding under pressure, the aorta absorbs some of the force of the blood surge from the heart during a heartbeat. In this way, the pulse pressure is reduced from what it would be if the aorta were not compliant.[24] The loss of arterial compliance that occurs with aging explains the elevated pulse pressures found in elderly patients.

text: Systemic venous pressure[edit]

text:
Site
Normal
pressure range
(in mmHg)[25]

Central venous pressure
3–8

Right ventricular pressure
systolic
15–30

diastolic
3–8

Pulmonary artery pressure
systolic
15–30

diastolic
4–12

Pulmonary vein/
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure

2–15

Left ventricular pressure
systolic
100–140

diastolic
3-12

text: Blood pressure generally refers to the arterial pressure in the systemic circulation. However, measurement of pressures in the venous system and the pulmonary vessels plays an important role in intensive care medicine but requires invasive measurement of pressure using a catheter.

text: Venous pressure is the vascular pressure in a vein or in the atria of the heart. It is much less than arterial pressure, with common values of 5 mmHg in the right atrium and 8 mmHg in the left atrium.

text: Variants of venous pressure include:

text:
Central venous pressure, which is a good approximation of right atrial pressure,[26] which is a major determinant of right ventricular end diastolic volume. (However, there can be exceptions in some cases.)[27]
The jugular venous pressure (JVP) is the indirectly observed pressure over the venous system. It can be useful in the differentiation of different forms of heart and lung disease.
The portal venous pressure is the blood pressure in the portal vein. It is normally 5–10 mmHg[28]

text: Pulmonary pressure[edit]

text: Normally, the pressure in the pulmonary artery is about 15 mmHg at rest.[29]

text: Increased blood pressure in the capillaries of the lung causes pulmonary hypertension, leading to interstitial edema if the pressure increases to above 20 mmHg, and to pulmonary edema at pressures above 25 mmHg.[30]

text: Disorders[edit]

text: Disorders of blood pressure control include high blood pressure, low blood pressure, and blood pressure that shows excessive or maladaptive fluctuation.

text: High[edit]

text: Arterial hypertension can be an indicator of other problems and may have long-term adverse effects. Sometimes it can be an acute problem, for example hypertensive emergency.

text: Levels of arterial pressure put mechanical stress on the arterial walls. Higher pressures increase heart workload and progression of unhealthy tissue growth (atheroma) that develops within the walls of arteries. The higher the pressure, the more stress that is present and the more atheroma tend to progress and the heart muscle tends to thicken, enlarge and become weaker over time.

text: Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes, heart attacks, heart failure and arterial aneurysms, and is the leading cause of chronic kidney failure. Even moderate elevation of arterial pressure leads to shortened life expectancy. At severely high pressures, mean arterial pressures 50% or more above average, a person can expect to live no more than a few years unless appropriately treated.[31]

text: In the past, most attention was paid to diastolic pressure; but nowadays it is recognised that both high systolic pressure and high pulse pressure (the numerical difference between systolic and diastolic pressures) are also risk factors. In some cases, it appears that a decrease in excessive diastolic pressure can actually increase risk, due probably to the increased difference between systolic and diastolic pressures (see the article on pulse pressure). If systolic blood pressure is elevated (>140 mmHg) with a normal diastolic blood pressure (<90 mmHg), it is called "isolated systolic hypertension" and may present a health concern.[32][33]

text: For those with heart valve regurgitation, a change in its severity may be associated with a change in diastolic pressure. In a study of people with heart valve regurgitation that compared measurements 2 weeks apart for each person, there was an increased severity of aortic and mitral regurgitation when diastolic blood pressure increased, whereas when diastolic blood pressure decreased, there was a decreased severity.[34]

text: Low[edit]

text: Blood pressure that is too low is known as hypotension. This is a medical concern if it causes signs or symptoms, such as dizziness, fainting, or in extreme cases, shock.[9]

text: When arterial pressure and blood flow decrease beyond a certain point, the perfusion of the brain becomes critically decreased (i.e., the blood supply is not sufficient), causing lightheadedness, dizziness, weakness or fainting.[35]

text: Sometimes the arterial pressure drops significantly when a patient stands up from sitting. This is known as orthostatic hypotension (postural hypotension); gravity reduces the rate of blood return from the body veins below the heart back to the heart, thus reducing stroke volume and cardiac output.[citation needed]

text: When people are healthy, the veins below their heart quickly constrict and the heart rate increases to minimize and compensate for the gravity effect. This is carried out involuntarily by the autonomic nervous system. The system usually requires a few seconds to fully adjust and if the compensations are too slow or inadequate, the individual will suffer reduced blood flow to the brain, dizziness and potential blackout. Increases in G-loading, such as routinely experienced by aerobatic or combat pilots 'pulling Gs', greatly increases this effect. Repositioning the body horizontally largely eliminates the problem.[citation needed]

text: Other causes of low arterial pressure include:[citation needed]

text:
Sepsis
Hemorrhage – blood loss
Toxins including toxic doses of blood pressure medicine
Hormonal abnormalities, such as Addison's disease
Eating disorders, particularly anorexia nervosa and bulimia

text: Shock is a complex condition which leads to critically decreased perfusion. The usual mechanisms are loss of blood volume, pooling of blood within the veins reducing adequate return to the heart and/or low effective heart pumping. Low arterial pressure, especially low pulse pressure, is a sign of shock and contributes to and reflects decreased perfusion.

text: If there is a significant difference in the pressure from one arm to the other, that may indicate a narrowing (for example, due to aortic coarctation, aortic dissection, thrombosis or embolism) of an artery.[citation needed]

text: Fluctuating blood pressure[edit]

text: Normal fluctuation in blood pressure is adaptive and necessary. Fluctuations in pressure that are significantly greater than the norm are associated with greater white matter hyperintensity, a finding consistent with reduced local cerebral blood flow[36] and a heightened risk of cerebrovascular disease.[37] Within both high and low blood pressure groups, a greater degree of fluctuation was found to correlate with an increase in cerebrovascular disease compared to those with less variability, suggesting the consideration of the clinical management of blood pressure fluctuations, even among normotensive older adults.[37] Older individuals and those who had received blood pressure medications were more likely to exhibit larger fluctuations in pressure.[37]

text: Physiology[edit]

text: During each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between a maximum (systolic) and a minimum (diastolic) pressure.[38] The blood pressure in the circulation is principally due to the pumping action of the heart.[39] Differences in mean blood pressure are responsible for blood flow from one location to another in the circulation. The rate of mean blood flow depends on both blood pressure and the resistance to flow presented by the blood vessels. Mean blood pressure decreases as the circulating blood moves away from the heart through arteries and capillaries due to viscous losses of energy. Mean blood pressure drops over the whole circulation, although most of the fall occurs along the small arteries and arterioles.[40] Gravity affects blood pressure via hydrostatic forces (e.g., during standing), and valves in veins, breathing, and pumping from contraction of skeletal muscles also influence blood pressure in veins.[39]

text: Hemodynamics[edit]

text: Most influences on blood pressure can be understood in terms of their effect on cardiac output and resistance (the determinants of mean arterial pressure).[41]

text: Some factors are:

text:
Blood volume: the greater the blood volume, the higher the cardiac output. There is some relationship between dietary salt intake and increased blood volume, potentially resulting in higher arterial pressure, though this varies with the individual and is highly dependent on autonomic nervous system response and the renin–angiotensin system.[42][43][44]
Cardiac output: the pumping action of the heart is ultimately responsible for blood pressure. Increases or decreases in cardiac output can result in increases or decreases respectively in blood pressure.[45]
Systemic vascular resistance: the higher the resistance to blood flow, the higher the arterial pressure upstream needs to be to maintain flow. In simple terms, resistance is related to vessel radius by the Hagen-Poiseuille's equation (resistance∝1/radius4, so the smaller the radius, the very much higher the resistance). Other physical factors that affect resistance include: vessel length (the longer the vessel, the higher the resistance), blood viscosity (the higher the viscosity, the higher the resistance)[46] and the presence of an arterial stenosis (a narrow stenosis increases resistance to flow, however this increase in resistance rarely if ever increases systemic blood pressure, it decreases downstream flow).[47] Substances called vasoconstrictors can reduce the calibre of blood vessels, thereby increasing blood pressure. Vasodilators (such as nitroglycerin) increase the calibre of blood vessels, thereby decreasing arterial pressure.

text: In practice, each individual's autonomic nervous system and other systems regulating blood pressure respond to and regulate all these factors so that, although the above issues are important, they rarely act in isolation and the actual arterial pressure response of a given individual can vary widely in the short and long term.

text: Regulation[edit]

text: The endogenous regulation of arterial pressure is not completely understood, but the following mechanisms of regulating arterial pressure have been well-characterized:

text:
Baroreceptor reflex: Baroreceptors in the high pressure receptor zones detect changes in arterial pressure. These baroreceptors send signals ultimately to the medulla of the brain stem, specifically to the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). The medulla, by way of the autonomic nervous system, adjusts the mean arterial pressure by altering both the force and speed of the heart's contractions, as well as the systemic vascular resistance. The most important arterial baroreceptors are located in the left and right carotid sinuses and in the aortic arch.[48]
Renin-angiotensin system (RAS): This system is generally known for its long-term adjustment of arterial pressure. This system allows the kidney to compensate for loss in blood volume or drops in arterial pressure by activating an endogenous vasoconstrictor known as angiotensin II.
Aldosterone release: This steroid hormone is released from the adrenal cortex in response to angiotensin II or high serum potassium levels. Aldosterone stimulates sodium retention and potassium excretion by the kidneys. Since sodium is the main ion that determines the amount of fluid in the blood vessels by osmosis, aldosterone will increase fluid retention, and indirectly, arterial pressure.
Baroreceptors in low pressure receptor zones (mainly in the venae cavae and the pulmonary veins, and in the atria) result in feedback by regulating the secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH/Vasopressin), renin and aldosterone. The resultant increase in blood volume results in an increased cardiac output by the Frank–Starling law of the heart, in turn increasing arterial blood pressure.

text: These different mechanisms are not necessarily independent of each other, as indicated by the link between the RAS and aldosterone release. When blood pressure falls many physiological cascades commence in order to return the blood pressure to a more appropriate level.

text:
The blood pressure fall is detected by a decrease in blood flow and thus a decrease in Glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
Decrease in GFR is sensed as a decrease in Na+ levels by the macula densa.
The macula densa cause an increase in Na+ reabsorption, which causes water to follow in via osmosis and leads to an ultimate increase in plasma volume. Further, the macula densa releases adenosine which causes constriction of the afferent arterioles.
At the same time, the juxtaglomerular cells sense the decrease in blood pressure and release renin.
Renin converts angiotensinogen (inactive form) to angiotensin I (active form).
Angiotensin I flows in the bloodstream until it reaches the capillaries of the lungs where angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) acts on it to convert it into angiotensin II.
Angiotensin II is a vasoconstrictor which will increase bloodflow to the heart and subsequently the preload, ultimately increasing the cardiac output.
Angiotensin II also causes an increase in the release of aldosterone from the adrenal glands.
Aldosterone further increases the Na+ and H2O reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron.

tag: ol

text: Currently, the RAS is targeted pharmacologically by ACE inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists. The aldosterone system is directly targeted by spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist. The fluid retention may be targeted by diuretics; the antihypertensive effect of diuretics is due to its effect on blood volume. Generally, the baroreceptor reflex is not targeted in hypertension because if blocked, individuals may suffer from orthostatic hypotension and fainting.

text: Measurement[edit]

text: Arterial pressure is most commonly measured via a sphygmomanometer, which historically used the height of a column of mercury to reflect the circulating pressure.[49] The most common automated blood pressure measurement technique is based on the so-called "oscillometric" method.[50] Blood pressure values are generally reported in millimetres of mercury (mmHg), though aneroid and electronic devices do not contain mercury.

text: For each heartbeat, blood pressure varies between systolic and diastolic pressures. Systolic pressure is peak pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the end of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are contracting. Diastolic pressure is minimum pressure in the arteries, which occurs near the beginning of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles are filled with blood. An example of normal measured values for a resting, healthy adult human is 120 mmHg systolic and 80 mmHg diastolic (written as 120/80 mmHg, and spoken as "one-twenty over eighty").

text: Systolic and diastolic arterial blood pressures are not static but undergo natural variations from one heartbeat to another and throughout the day (in a circadian rhythm). They also change in response to stress, nutritional factors, drugs, disease, exercise, and momentarily from standing up. Sometimes the variations are large. Hypertension refers to arterial pressure being abnormally high, as opposed to hypotension, when it is abnormally low. Along with body temperature, respiratory rate, and pulse rate, blood pressure is one of the four main vital signs routinely monitored by medical professionals and healthcare providers.[51]

text: Measuring pressure invasively, by penetrating the arterial wall to take the measurement, is much less common and usually restricted to a hospital setting.

text: Fetal blood pressure[edit]

text: In pregnancy, it is the fetal heart and not the mother's heart that builds up the fetal blood pressure to drive blood through the fetal circulation. The blood pressure in the fetal aorta is approximately 30 mmHg at 20 weeks of gestation, and increases to approximately 45 mmHg at 40 weeks of gestation.[52]

text: The average blood pressure for full-term infants:[53]

text:
Systolic 65–95 mmHg
Diastolic 30–60 mmHg


document_title: Bye, Felicia

question_text: where did the saying by felicia come from

text: Bye, Felicia

text: The phrase "Bye, Felicia" (actually spelled "Felisha" in the cast listing) came from a scene in the American stoner buddy crime comedy film Friday (1995). According to Ice Cube, who starred in the film and co-wrote its script, "Bye, Felicia" is "the phrase 'to get anyone out of your face'," and, as it was used in the Friday scene, is generally intended as a dismissive kiss-off.[1]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: The saying gained popularity and continues to be used, even by people who have never seen the film. In 2009, it entered the lexicon of RuPaul's Drag Race, an American reality competition television series. However, People said "even that wouldn't necessarily account for the phrase extending beyond the cultures that would watch either Friday, Drag Race or both."[1] Furthermore, the magazine said of the phrase, "So when your square friend uses it, take a little bit of pleasure in knowing they're referencing a stoner comedy – or a drag reality show referencing a stoner comedy – even if they have no idea."[1]

text: In 2014, VH1 began airing a television show called Bye Felicia, and American R&B-pop singer Jordin Sparks released a mixtape titled #ByeFelicia.[1][2] According to Google Trends, the phrase reached its highest usage in mid-2015.[1]

text: On December 14, 2017, Robin Roberts, a host of ABC TV’s Good Morning America, used the phrase to conclude a segment about Omarosa Manigault Newman's departure from the Trump administration staff.[3]


document_title: Grammy Award for Best Rock Album

question_text: who won best rock album of the year

question_tokens: who won best rock album of the year

text: Grammy Award for Best Rock Album

text: Recipients[edit]

text:
Year[I]
Performing artist(s)
Work
Nominees
Ref.

1995
The Rolling Stones
Voodoo Lounge !Voodoo Lounge

Pearl Jam – Vs.
R.E.M. – Monster
Soundgarden – Superunknown
Neil Young and Crazy Horse – Sleeps with Angels

[4]

1996
Morissette, AlanisAlanis Morissette
Jagged Little Pill !Jagged Little Pill

Chris Isaak – Forever Blue
Pearl Jam – Vitalogy
Tom Petty – Wildflowers
Neil Young – Mirror Ball

[5]

1997
Crow, SherylSheryl Crow
Sheryl Crow !Sheryl Crow

Dave Matthews Band – Crash
No Doubt – Tragic Kingdom
Bonnie Raitt – Road Tested
Neil Young and Crazy Horse – Broken Arrow

[6]

1998
Fogerty, JohnJohn Fogerty
Blue Moon Swamp !Blue Moon Swamp

Aerosmith – Nine Lives
Foo Fighters – The Colour and the Shape
The Rolling Stones – Bridges to Babylon
U2 – Pop

[7]

1999
Crow, SherylSheryl Crow
The Globe Sessions !The Globe Sessions

Dave Matthews Band – Before These Crowded Streets
John Fogerty – Premonition
Garbage – Version 2.0
Hole – Celebrity Skin

[8]

2000
Santana
Supernatural !Supernatural

Melissa Etheridge – Breakdown
Limp Bizkit – Significant Other
Red Hot Chili Peppers – Californication
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers – Echo

[9]

2001
Foo Fighters
There Is Nothing Left to Lose !There Is Nothing Left to Lose

Bon Jovi – Crush
Matchbox Twenty – Mad Season
No Doubt – Return of Saturn
Rage Against the Machine – The Battle of Los Angeles

[10]

2002
U2
All That You Can't Leave Behind !All That You Can't Leave Behind

Ryan Adams – Gold
Aerosmith – Just Push Play
PJ Harvey – Stories from the City, Stories from the Sea
Linkin Park – Hybrid Theory

[11]

2003
Springsteen, BruceBruce Springsteen
The Rising !The Rising

Elvis Costello – When I Was Cruel
Sheryl Crow – C'mon C'mon
Robert Plant – Dreamland
Tonic – Head on Straight

[12]

2004
Foo Fighters
One by One !One by One

Audioslave – Audioslave
Evanescence – Fallen
Matchbox Twenty – More Than You Think You Are
Nickelback – The Long Road

[13]

2005
Green Day
American Idiot !American Idiot

Elvis Costello and the Imposters – The Delivery Man
Hoobastank – The Reason
The Killers – Hot Fuss
Velvet Revolver – Contraband

[14]

2006
U2
How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb !How to Dismantle an Atomic Bomb

Coldplay – X&Y
Foo Fighters – In Your Honor
The Rolling Stones – A Bigger Bang
Neil Young – Prairie Wind

[15]

2007
Red Hot Chili Peppers
Stadium Arcadium !Stadium Arcadium

John Mayer Trio – Try!
Tom Petty – Highway Companion
The Raconteurs – Broken Boy Soldiers
Neil Young – Living with War

[16]

2008
Foo Fighters
Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace !Echoes, Silence, Patience & Grace

Daughtry – Daughtry
John Fogerty – Revival
Bruce Springsteen – Magic
Wilco – Sky Blue Sky

[17]

2009
Coldplay
Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends !Viva la Vida or Death and All His Friends

Kid Rock – Rock n Roll Jesus
Kings of Leon – Only by the Night
Metallica – Death Magnetic
The Raconteurs – Consolers of the Lonely

[18]

2010
Green Day
21st Century Breakdown !21st Century Breakdown

AC/DC – Black Ice
Eric Clapton and Steve Winwood – Live from Madison Square Garden
Dave Matthews Band – Big Whiskey and the GrooGrux King
U2 – No Line on the Horizon

[19]

2011
Muse
The Resistance

Jeff Beck – Emotion & Commotion
Pearl Jam – Backspacer
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers – Mojo
Neil Young – Le Noise

[20]

2012
Foo Fighters
Wasting Light

Jeff Beck – Rock 'n' Roll Party (Honoring Les Paul)
Kings of Leon – Come Around Sundown
Red Hot Chili Peppers – I'm with You
Wilco – The Whole Love

[21]

2013
The Black Keys
El Camino

Coldplay – Mylo Xyloto
Muse – The 2nd Law
Bruce Springsteen – Wrecking Ball
Jack White – Blunderbuss

[22]

2014
Led Zeppelin
Celebration Day

Black Sabbath – 13
David Bowie – The Next Day
Kings of Leon – Mechanical Bull
Queens of the Stone Age – ...Like Clockwork
Neil Young with Crazy Horse – Psychedelic Pill

[23]

2015
Beck
Morning Phase

Ryan Adams – Ryan Adams
The Black Keys – Turn Blue
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers – Hypnotic Eye
U2 – Songs of Innocence

[24]

2016
Muse
Drones

James Bay – Chaos and the Calm
Death Cab for Cutie – Kintsugi
Highly Suspect – Mister Asylum
Slipknot – .5: The Gray Chapter

[24]

2017
Cage the Elephant
Tell Me I'm Pretty

Blink-182 – California
Gojira – Magma
Panic! at the Disco – Death of a Bachelor
Weezer – Weezer

[25]

2018
The War on Drugs
A Deeper Understanding

Mastodon – Emperor of Sand
Metallica – Hardwired... to Self-Destruct
Nothing More – The Stories We Tell Ourselves
Queens of the Stone Age – Villains

[26]

text: ^[I] Each year is linked to the article about the Grammy Awards held that year.

text: Artists with multiple wins[edit]

text:
4 wins

Foo Fighters

2 wins

Sheryl Crow
Green Day
Muse
U2

text: Artists with multiple nominations[edit]

text:
7 nominations

Neil Young

6 nominations

Foo Fighters

5 nominations

Tom Petty (3 shared with The Heartbreakers)
U2

3 nominations

Coldplay
Crazy Horse
Sheryl Crow
John Fogerty
Kings of Leon
Dave Matthews Band
Muse
Pearl Jam
Red Hot Chili Peppers
The Rolling Stones
Bruce Springsteen

2 nominations

Ryan Adams
Aerosmith
Jeff Beck
The Black Keys
Elvis Costello
Green Day
Matchbox Twenty
Metallica
No Doubt
Queens of the Stone Age
The Raconteurs
Wilco


document_title: Jesus Christ Superstar (film)

question_text: who played mary in original jesus christ superstar

text: Jesus Christ Superstar (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: The film is framed as a group of performers who travel to the desert to re-enact the Passion of Christ. The film begins with them arriving on a bus, assembling their props and getting into costume. One of the group is surrounded by the others, puts on a white robe and emerges as Jesus ("Overture").

text: This story begins with Judas (Anderson), who is worried about Jesus' popularity; he is being hailed as the Son of God, but Judas feels he is just a man who is beginning to believe his own propaganda and fears the consequences of their growing movement ("Heaven on Their Minds"). The other disciples badger Jesus for information about his plans for the future, but Jesus will not give them any ("What's the Buzz?"). Judas' arrival and subsequent declaration that Jesus should not associate with Mary dampens the mood ("Strange Thing Mystifying"). Angrily, Jesus tells Judas that he should leave Mary alone, because his slate is not clean. He then accuses all the apostles of not caring about him. That night at the Temple, Caiaphas is worried that the people will crown Jesus as king, which the Romans will take for an uprising. Annas tries to allay his fears, but he finally sees Caiaphas' point and suggests that he convene the council and explain his fears to them; Caiaphas agrees ("Then We Are Decided"). As Jesus and his apostles settle for the night, Mary soothes him with some expensive ointment, but Judas says that the money spent should have been given to the poor. Jesus rebukes him again, telling him that the poor will be there always but Jesus will not ("Everything's Alright").

text: The next day at the Temple of Jerusalem, the council of the priests discuss their fears about Jesus. Caiaphas tells them that there is only one solution: like John the Baptist, Jesus must be executed for the sake of the nation ("This Jesus Must Die"). As Jesus and his followers joyfully arrive in Jerusalem, Caiaphas orders Jesus to disband the crowd for fear of a riot. Jesus refuses and speaks to the crowd instead ("Hosanna"). Later, the apostle Simon Zealotes (Marshall) and a crowd of followers voice their admiration for Jesus ("Simon Zealotes"). Jesus appreciates this, but becomes worried when Simon suggests directing the crowd towards an uprising against their Roman occupiers. Jesus sadly dismisses this suggestion, saying that they do not understand his true purpose ("Poor Jerusalem").

text: Pilate, the Roman governor of Judea, reveals that he has dreamed about a Galilean man (Jesus) and that he will be blamed for this man's death ("Pilate's Dream"). Jesus and his followers arrive at the temple, which has been taken over by money changers and prostitutes ("The Temple"). To Judas' horror and as the priests watch in the background, a furious Jesus destroys the stalls and forces them to leave. Jesus wanders alone outside the city, but is surrounded by a crowd of lepers, all wanting to be healed. Jesus tries to heal as many of them as possible, but is overwhelmed by the sheer numbers and eventually gives up, screaming at them to leave him alone. Mary comforts Jesus and Jesus goes to sleep. Mary loves Jesus, but is confused because he is so unlike any other man she has met ("I Don't Know How to Love Him"). Judas goes to the priests and expresses his concerns, but he is worried about the consequences of betraying Jesus ("Damned for All Time"). The priests take advantage of his doubts and offer him money if he will lead them to Jesus. Judas initially refuses, but Caiaphas and Annas win him over by reminding him that he could use the money to help the poor. Judas reveals that Jesus will be at the Garden of Gethsemene on Thursday night ("Blood Money").

text: At the Last Supper (set outdoors in a garden setting during the day), Jesus reveals that he knows Peter (Toubus) will deny him and Judas will betray him. A bitter argument between Jesus and Judas ensues, in which Judas berates Jesus for destroying their hopes and ideals and threatens to ruin Jesus' ambition by staying there without helping him to reach the Glory; Jesus tells Judas to leave and Judas finally runs off ("The Last Supper"). As the apostles fall asleep, Jesus goes to Gethsemane to pray about his imminent death and reluctantly agrees to go forward with God's plan ("Gethsemane [I Only Want to Say]"). Jesus waits for Judas, who arrives, accompanied by guards, and betrays him with a kiss. The disciples offer to fight the guards, but Jesus will not allow it. Jesus is taken to Caiaphas' house, found guilty of blasphemy and sent to Pilate ("The Arrest"). Peter, meanwhile, fearfully denies Jesus three times after being accused of being one of Jesus' followers ("Peter's Denial"). Jesus is taken to Pilate's house, where the governor, unaware that Jesus is the man from his dream, mocks him. Since he does not deal with Jews, Pilate sends him to Herod ("Pilate and Christ"). The flamboyant King Herod is excited to finally meet Jesus, for he has heard the hype. He tries to persuade Jesus to perform various miracles. When Jesus refuses to answer, Herod orders the guards to take him back to Pilate ("Herod's Song [Try It and See]").

text: The apostles and Mary Magdalene remember how things began and wish that they had not gotten so out of hand ("Could We Start Again Please?"). Jesus is flung into a cell, where he is seen by Judas, who runs to tell the priests that he regrets his part in the arrest. He hurls his money to the ground and curses at the priests before running into the desert. Filled with regret for betraying Jesus, he blames God for his woes by giving him the role of the betrayor and hangs himself ("Judas' Death"). Jesus is taken back to Pilate, who questions him; Herod is also present. Although he thinks Jesus is deluded, Pilate realizes that he has committed no actual crime and has Jesus scourged; Herod is gleeful at first but eventually sickened. Pilate's bemused indifference turns to a frenzy of confusion and anger, both at the crowd's irrational bloodthirstiness and Jesus' inexplicable resignation and refusal to defend himself. Pilate realizes he has no option but to have Jesus executed or the masses will grow violent ("Trial Before Pilate [Including the Thirty-Nine Lashes]"). After Pilate washes his hands of Jesus' fate, Jesus' appearance transforms, the heavens open, and a white-jumpsuit clad Judas descends on a silver cross. Judas laments that if Jesus had returned as the Messiah today, he would have been more popular and his message easier to spread. Judas also wonders what Jesus thinks of other religions' prophets. He ultimately wants to know if Jesus thinks he is who they say he is ("Superstar"). Judas' questions go unanswered, and Jesus is sent to die ("The Crucifixion"), with ominous, atonal music, with Jesus saying some of his final words before dying.

text: As the film ends, the performers, now out of costume, board their bus. Only the performers who had played Pilate, Mary Magdalene and Judas notice the actor who had played Jesus is missing. A shepherd and his flock cross the hillside beneath the empty cross ("John Nineteen Forty-One").

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ted Neeley as Jesus Christ
Carl Anderson as Judas Iscariot
Yvonne Elliman as Mary Magdalene
Barry Dennen as Pontius Pilate
Bob Bingham as Caiaphas
Kurt Yaghjian as Annas
Josh Mostel as King Herod
Philip Toubus as Peter
Larry Marshall as Simon Zealotes
Richard Orbach as John
Robert LuPone as James

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text:
"Overture"
"Heaven on Their Minds"
"What's the Buzz?"
"Strange Thing Mystifying"
"Then We Are Decided"
"Everything's Alright"
"This Jesus Must Die"
"Hosanna"
"Simon Zealotes"
"Poor Jerusalem"
"Pilate's Dream"
"The Temple"
"Everything's Alright (Reprise)"
"I Don't Know How to Love Him"
"Damned for All Time"
"Blood Money"
"The Last Supper"
"Gethsemane (I Only Want to Say)"
"The Arrest"
"Peter's Denial"
"Pilate and Christ"
"Hosanna (Reprise)"
"King Herod's Song (Try It and See)"
"Could We Start Again Please?"
"Judas' Death"
"Trial Before Pilate (Including the 39 Lashes)"
"Superstar"
"The Crucifixion"
"John 19: 41"

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: During filming of Fiddler on the Roof, Barry Dennen, who played Pilate on the concept album, suggested to Norman Jewison that he should direct Jesus Christ Superstar as a film. After hearing the album, Jewison agreed.

text: Casting[edit]

text: The cast consisted mostly of actors from the Broadway show, with Ted Neeley and Carl Anderson starring as Jesus and Judas respectively. Neeley had played a reporter and a leper in the Broadway version, and understudied the role of Jesus. Likewise, Anderson understudied Judas, but took over the role on Broadway and Los Angeles when Ben Vereen fell ill. Along with Dennen, Yvonne Elliman (Mary Magdalene), and Bob Bingham (Caiaphas) reprised their Broadway roles in the film (Elliman, like Dennen, had also appeared on the original concept album). Originally, Jewison wanted Ian Gillan, who played Jesus on the concept album, to reprise the role for the film, but Gillan turned down the offer, deciding that he would please fans more by touring with Deep Purple. The producers also considered Micky Dolenz (from The Monkees) and David Cassidy to play Jesus before deciding to go with Neeley.[7] "With the exception of Barry Dennen who played Pontius Pilate and Josh Mostel who played King Herod — for everybody else, it was their first time on camera and first major motion picture. It was a learning process throughout."[8]

text: Filming[edit]

text: The film was shot in Israel (primarily at the ruins of Avdat, Beit Guvrin National Park, and Beit She'an) and other Middle Eastern locations in 1972.[9]

text: Alterations[edit]

text: Like the stage show, the film gave rise to controversy even with changes made to the script. Some of the lyrics were changed for the film. The reprise of "Everything's Alright", sung before the song "I Don't Know How to Love Him" by Mary to Jesus, was abridged, leaving only the closing lyric "Close your eyes, close your eyes and relax, think of nothing tonight" intact, while the previous lyrics were omitted, including Jesus's "And I think I shall sleep well tonight.". In a scene where a group of beggars/lepers overwhelms Jesus, "Heal yourselves!" was changed to "Leave me alone!", and in "Judas' Death", Caiaphas' line "What you have done will be the saving of Israel" was changed to "What you have done will be the saving of everyone."

text: The lyrics of "Trial Before Pilate" contain some notable alterations and additions. Jesus's line "There may be a kingdom for me somewhere else, if I only knew" is changed to "if you only knew." The film version also gives Pilate more lines (first used in the original Broadway production) in which he addresses the mob with contempt when they invoke the name of Caesar: "Well, this is new!/Respect for Caesar?/'Till now this has been noticeably lacking!/Who is this Jesus? Why is he different?/You Jews produce messiahs by the sackful!" and "Behold the man/Behold your shattered king/You hypocrites!/You hate us more than him!" These lines for Pilate have since been in every production of the show.

text: The soundtrack contains two songs that are not on the original concept album. "Then We Are Decided", in which the troubles and fears of Annas and Caiaphas regarding Jesus are better developed, is original to the film. The soundtrack also retains the song "Could We Start Again Please?" which had been added to the Broadway show. Most of these changes have not been espoused by later productions and recordings, although most productions tend to retain the expanded version of "Trial Before Pilate".

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Jesus Christ Superstar grossed $24.5 million at the box office[3] and earned North American rentals of $10.8 million in 1973,[10] against an estimated production budget of $3.5 million.[2]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 55% based on 22 reviews, with an average rating of 6/10.[11]

text: Years later the film was still popular, winning a 2012 Huffington Post competition for "Best Jesus Movie."[12]

text: Jewison was able to show the film to Pope Paul VI, "who openly loved what he saw. He said, 'Mr. Jewison, not only do I appreciate your beautiful rock opera film, I believe it will bring more people around the world to Christianity, than anything ever has before.'"[2] For the Pope, Mary Magdalene's song "I Do not Know How to Love Him" [sic] "had an inspired beauty."[13] Nevertheless, the film as well as the musical were criticized by some religious groups.[5] A New York Times review said, "When the stage production opened in October, 1971, it was criticized not only by some Jews as anti-Semitic, but also by some Catholics and Protestants as blasphemous in its portrayal of Jesus as a young man who might even be interested in sex."[14]

text: Tim Rice said Jesus was seen through Judas' eyes as a mere human being. Some Christians[who?] found this remark, as well as the fact that the musical did not show the resurrection, to be blasphemous. While the actual resurrection was not shown, the closing scene of the movie subtly alludes to the resurrection (though, according to Jewison's commentary on the DVD release, the scene was not planned this way).[15] Some found Judas too sympathetic; in the film, it states that he wants to give the thirty pieces of silver to the poor, which, although Biblical, leaves out his ulterior motives (see also "Everything's Alright").[16] Biblical purists pointed out a small number of deviations from biblical text as additional concerns; for example, Pilate himself having the dream instead of his wife, and Catholics argue the line "for all you care, this bread could be my body" is too Protestant in theology, although Jesus does say in the next lines, "This is my blood you drink/This is my body you eat".

text: In the 1980 book The Golden Turkey Awards by Michael Medved and Harry Medved, Neeley was given an award for "The Worst Performance by an Actor as Jesus Christ",[17] yet Neeley and Anderson received Golden Globe nominations for their portrayals of Jesus and Judas in the film version and had subsequently gone on to recreate the roles in numerous national stage tours from 1993-2014 (2004 for Anderson, as he died of leukemia).

text: The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:

text:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:

"I Don't Know How to Love Him" – Nominated[18]

2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – Nominated[19]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack for the film was released on vinyl by MCA Records in 1973.[20][21] It was re-released on CD in 1993[22] and reissued in 1998 for its 25th Anniversary.[23][24]

text:
Side one

"Overture" – 5:26
"Heaven on Their Minds" – 4:22
"What's the Buzz/Strange Thing Mystifying" – 4:26
"Then We Are Decided" – 2:32
"Everything's Alright" – 3:36
"This Jesus Must Die" – 3:45

Side two

"Hosanna" – 2:32
"Simon Zealotes/Poor Jerusalem" – 6:28
"Pilate's Dream" – 1:45
"The Temple" – 5:26
"Everything's Alright (reprise)"/"I Don't Know How to Love Him" – 3:55
"Damned for All Time/Blood Money" – 4:37

Side three

"The Last Supper" – 7:12
"Gethsemane (I Only Want to Say)" – 5:39
"The Arrest" – 3:15
"Peter's Denial" – 1:26
"Pilate and Christ"/"Hosanna (reprise)" – 2:57
"King Herod's Song (Try it and See)" – 3:13

Side four

"Could We Start Again Please?" – 2:44
"Judas' Death" – 4:38
"Trial Before Pilate (Including the 39 Lashes)" – 6:47
"Superstar" – 3:56
"The Crucifixion" – 2:40
"John 19:41" – 2:20

text: The soundtrack for the film was released in the USA on vinyl by MCA Records (MCA 2-11000) in 1973, as: JESUS CHRIST SUPERSTAR / The Original Motion Picture Sound Track Album.

text: Remakes and related productions[edit]

text: Another film version was made for video in 2000, starring Glenn Carter as Jesus, Jérôme Pradon as Judas, and Reneé Castle as Mary Magdalene. It was shot entirely on indoor sets including graffiti on the wall. Composer Webber has stated in the making-of documentary that this was the version closest to what he had originally envisioned for the project. He chose Gale Edwards to direct after seeing her interpretation of the musical in Dublin, which featured a more modernistic and sinister approach than the original stage productions.

text: In a 2008 interview with Variety magazine, film producer Marc Platt stated that he was in discussions with several filmmakers for a remake of Jesus Christ Superstar.[25]

text: In 2013, a Blu-ray "40th Anniversary" edition of the film was released, featuring commentary from the director and Ted Neeley, an interview with Tim Rice, a photo gallery and a clip of the original trailer.[26]

text: In 2015, Neeley announced the upcoming release a documentary entitled "SUPERSTARS: The Making of and Reunion of the film 'Jesus Christ Superstar'" about the production of the film.[27]


document_title: Antenor (mythology)

question_text: trojan elder and husband of theano in greek myth

text: Antenor (mythology)

text: Life[edit]

text: Antenor was variously named as the son of the Dardanian noble Aesyetes by Cleomestra or of Hicetaon.

text: Antenor was one of the wisest of the Trojan elders and counsellors.[1] He was the husband of Theano, daughter of Cisseus of Thrace, who bore him at least one daughter, Crino, and numerous sons, including Archelochus, Acamas, Glaucus, Helicaon, Laodocus, Coön, Polybus, Agenor, Iphidamas, Laodamas, Demoleon, Eurymachus, Hippolochus, Medon, Thersilochus, and Antheus (most of whom perished during the Trojan War).[2] He was also the father of a son, Pedaeus, by an unknown woman. According to numerous scholars, Antenor was actually related to Priam.[3]

text: In the Homeric account of the Trojan War, Antenor advised the Trojans to return Helen to her husband and otherwise proved sympathetic to a negotiated peace with the Greeks.[4] In later developments of the myths, particularly per Dares and Dictys,[1] Antenor was made an open traitor, unsealing the city gates to the enemy. As payment, his house—marked by a panther skin over the door—was spared during the sack of the city.[4]

text: His subsequent fate varied across the authors. He was said to have rebuilt a city on the site of Troy; to have settled at Cyrene;[4] or to have founded Patavium (modern Padua),[5][6] Korčula,[citation needed] or other cities in eastern Italy.[4]

text: In literature[edit]

text: Antenor appears briefly in Homer's Iliad. In Book 3 he is present when Helen identifies for Priam each of the Greek warriors from the wall of Troy; when she describes Odysseus, Antenor criticizes her, saying how he entertained Odysseus and Menelaus and got to know both. In Book 7, as mentioned above, he advises the Trojans to give Helen back, but Paris refuses to yield.

text: Antenor is mentioned in Vergil's Aeneid in book 1, line 243, when Venus tells Jupiter that Antenor had escaped from the fall of Troy and founded Patavium, modern Padua.

text: In Geoffrey Chaucer's Troilus and Criseyde, Antenor appears as a minor, non-speaking, character who has been taken prisoner by the Greeks but is returned by them in exchange for Criseyde.

text: The circle Antenora is named after him in the poem Inferno in Dante Alighieri's Divine Comedy. It is located in Hell's Circle of Treachery which is reserved for traitors of cities, countries, and political parties.

text: Eponym[edit]

text: The minor planet 2207 Antenor, discovered in 1977 by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh, is named after him.[7]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b EB 1911.
Jump up ^ Parada & Förlag 1997.
Jump up ^ Lemprière 1822, p. 85.
^ Jump up to: a b c d EB 1878.
Jump up ^ Virgil, Aeneid, Book I, l. 242.
Jump up ^ Livy. History of Rome, Vol. I, Ch. I.
Jump up ^ Schmadel 2003, p. 293.


document_title: LaVar Ball

question_text: how much points did lavar ball average in college

text: LaVar Ball

text: Early life and college basketball career

text: Ball was born on October 23, 1968, and was brought up in South Los Angeles, California.[6][7] He has four brothers, named LaFrance, LaValle, LaRenzo, and LaShon.[7] LaVar attended Canoga Park High School in Canoga Park, Los Angeles, where he was a prominent quarterback on the football team and played basketball as a forward.[8][9] In one season, Ball grabbed a total of 316 rebounds to break the school record.[9] He stood 6 ft 4 in (1.93 m) and weighed 225 lbs (102 kg) by college.[8] Aside from sports, Ball majored in criminal justice at college and had hopes of being a U.S. Marshall.[10]

text: Ball first began playing college basketball at West Los Angeles College in the low-tier Western State Conference despite having little experience at the prep level. In the season opener in 1986, he recorded 33 points and 18 rebounds against Porterville College.[9] Ball then transferred to NCAA Division I side Washington State and became a starting forward.[11] In 36 games for the Cougars, however; he averaged only 2.2 points, 2.3 rebounds, and 1.0 assists per game.[12] After one season, Ball transferred again to Cal State Los Angeles, which competed in the NCAA Division II, playing alongside three of his four brothers.[13] After his college basketball career had ended, he continued to play American football at Long Beach City College for one season.

text: College statistics

text:
College
Year
GP
FG
3P
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

Washington State
1986–87
26
.404
.000
.450
2.3
1.0
0.4
0.1
2.2

text: Football career

text: Following college, Ball was invited to a football tryout and eventually made a return to the sport.[1] After finishing his college basketball career, he would play a single year of college football at Long Beach City College as a tight end.[14] On May 1, 1994, Ball signed with the New York Jets of the National Football League (NFL) as a defensive end. He returned to the Jets on March 7, 1995 as a tight end and was immediately loaned to the London Monarchs of the World League of American Football (WLAF) the same year.[15] In the 1995 season for the Monarchs, Ball recorded 28 yards in kick returns.[16] During his NFL career, he was also a part of the practice squads of both the Jets and Carolina Panthers, remaining with the latter team until late November 1995, albeit with no yards played due to injury.[17][18] After Ball rose to fame in 2017, his former Monarchs teammate Kenny McEntyre said that he was "garbage."[14]

text: In the media

text: Rise to prominence

text: In July 2015, LaVar made national headlines when Gary Parrish of CBSSports.com wrote a feature story about the Ball family.[19] In a March 2016 interview with MaxPreps, he first began displaying his confident personality to the public. When asked who Lonzo plays like, he described his son as "Magic (Johnson) with a jumper."[7] The family continued rising in popularity after SLAM magazine featured them in an article in August.[1] LaVar single-handedly drew attention from sports media across the country on November 26, 2016 in a mid-game TV interview with ESPN while UCLA was facing Portland. He said that he guaranteed that UCLA, spearheaded by Lonzo, would win the NCAA championship at the end of the season.[20] On December 14, LaVar predicted that all three of his sons would be one-and-done prospects for the NBA draft.[21] SLAM wrote another article about the family during Christmas, exploring their daily lives.[22] The magazine also published a video titled "Christmas Day With The Ball Brothers" that would receive over 5.5 million views on YouTube.[23]

text: Increasing coverage

text: On January 26, 2017, in an interview with TMZ Sports, Ball said, "My boys want to be the best players ever. People don't want to think that far in front. I've told them this since Day 1, since they've been babies, somebody's got to be better than (Michael) Jordan?" He also remarked, "When (Lonzo) gets to the pros, the game is even faster and that's when he’s at his best."[24] Ball's comments appeared on several networks, including Bleacher Report and NBC Sports.[25][24]

text:
"I'm gonna tell you right now, (Lonzo)'s better than Steph Curry to me. Put Steph Curry on UCLA's team right now and put my boy on Golden State and watch what happens. I'll double down on it again. Like I said, if I don't know what my boy is about, I'm not going to make that statement. Steph's going to have problems trying to guard my boy. Play one on one!"

—Ball compares Lonzo to Stephen Curry in February 2017[26]

tag: div

text: In early March 2017, he remarked that his eldest son Lonzo was a better player than Stephen Curry.[26] Later in the month, he asserted that Lonzo was also better than LeBron James and Russell Westbrook.[27] LaVar additionally said that he believed his three sons would be worth $1 billion for a shoe deal.[28] On March 14, despite having averaged only 2.2 points per game at Washington State, he said, "Back in my heyday, I would kill Michael Jordan one-on-one."[29][30] Charles Barkley responded to the claims and challenged Ball to play one-on-one.[31] Ball's claim eventually triggered an response on August 1 from Jordan himself, who said, "I don't think he could beat me if I was one-legged."[32] Ball then said that he would beat Jordan one-on-one with his arm tied behind his back.[33]

text: As Ball rose in popularity, he also became a target of criticism. On February 15, 2017, the news blog The Big Lead encouraged LaVar to "shut his mouth" and let his sons play.[34] In March 2017, USA Today labeled his comments as an "endless string of interviews full of cocky claims and premature promises, coupled with insults."[35] Steve Kerr praised LaVar for gaining publicity but questioned his effect on his sons.[36] On Twitter, many users mocked Ball's perceivably exaggerated claims by using the hashtag #LaVarBallSays and making their own such statements.[4]

text: Controversy continues to soar

text: As Ball continued to make headlines in the spring of 2017, he became surrounded with more controversy. Forbes labeled him "one of the most polarizing figures in sports today."[37] On April 6, 2017, two weeks after Lonzo and UCLA fell to Kentucky in the 2017 NCAA Division I Tournament, Ball said, "Realistically you can't win no championship with three white guys because the foot speed is too slow."[38] He was presumably referring to his son's teammates Bryce Alford, T. J. Leaf, and Thomas Welsh.[39] Among Ball's critics for making the remark was actor Michael Rapaport who recorded a profanity-laced rant on LaVar.[40] Later, Ball praised Lonzo's UCLA teammates and instead laid the blame on his son. The team's head coach Steve Alford refused to comment on the situation.[41]

text: On April 20, George Raveling, the global basketball sports marketing director of Nike, called Ball "the worst thing to happen to basketball in the last hundred years."[42][43] In response, Ball claimed that his company Big Baller Brand would eventually compete with Nike. He also remarked in a social media video, "I know I'm on the right step, 'cause if nothing like this happened in 100 years?' Guess what—we in a new lane, baby!"[43] In the following week, Nike, Under Armour, and Adidas declined to sign an endorsement deal with Lonzo, according to LaVar.[44][45] Stephon Marbury, who owns the Starbury shoe line, praised Ball for wanting to "own his brand."[46]

text: On May 4, 2017, Big Baller Brand announced its first shoes, the ZO2, which had a retail price of $495 and would be shipped later as late as November 24.[47][48] Shaquille O'Neal criticized Ball for overpricing the shoes, while Dick Vitale took aim at the price by citing Lonzo's performance against Kentucky at the NCAA Tournament.[49][50] On Twitter, many NFL players like Golden Tate were critical of the shoe price, while Arian Foster and others showed their support.[49] Ball answered by posting on Twitter, "If you can't afford the ZO2'S, you're NOT a BIG BALLER!"[49] The Washington Post wrote that LaVar's decision was both shameless and smart.[49]

text: More media attention

text: LaVar also began making several appearances on national television at around this time. On March 23, he appeared on the ESPN show First Take, where he argued with Stephen A. Smith about his bold claims from previous weeks.[51] He returned to the show on March 27 with Lonzo.[52] Ball and his sons starred in a satirical video released by ESPN on April 14, in which rapper Lil Dicky acted as LaVar's fourth son, LiDicky Ball.[53] On May 5, LaVar was interviewed on the ESPN show The Dan Le Batard Show with Stugotz about the price of the ZO2 shoes.[54] Ramona Shelburne wrote a feature story on May 15 called "Speak It Into Being," centered around LaVar's rise to fame, in ESPN The Magazine.[55]

text: Weeks before the 2017 NBA draft, LaVar revealed that Lonzo would only work out for the Los Angeles Lakers.[56] At the draft, in which Lonzo was picked by the Lakers, he was interviewed minutes after the selection.[57] He said, "From the words of Zeus, Jesus, everybody says he's going to be a Laker. They told me before they told y'all."[58] Ball also predicted that his son would lead the team to the playoffs as a rookie.[57] A few days after the draft, on June 27, LaVar, with Lonzo and LaMelo, made an appearance at the Staples Center for WWE Monday Night Raw. LaVar removed his shirt, challenged The Miz, who kicked one of many Big Baller Brand mannequins inside the wrestling ring, and ran around the ring.[59] On July 4, Joel Embiid said "Man, f--k LaVar Ball" in an Instagram Live post.[60] On July 8, Embiid was assessed a $10,000 fine by the NBA for "using inappropriate language on social media."[61] LaVar responded back by stating that Embiid's vocabulary was "limited", that he "likely won't be playing by the time his son plays against the 76ers", and that he's "always plagued with injuries".[62]

text: Appearance on The Herd with Colin Cowherd

text:
"I asked him a question. That is my job as a reporter. And he came back at me in a very dismissive and inappropriate way. So, I had two choices: I could either sit back and take it … Or I could stand up for myself and talk to him. Still, with complete respect. And for the record, I've actually supported him being such a strong voice for his son, and we talk more about his son than anyone else because of what he's done for him."

—Kristine Leahy comments on her confrontation with Ball[63]

text: On May 17, 2017, Ball appeared on The Herd with Colin Cowherd, a show on Fox Sports, and had a heated confrontation with reporter Kristine Leahy.[64] He never faced in Leahy's direction for the whole interview, trying to only talk to Colin Cowherd on the other side.[65] Ball argued with Leahy about if Big Baller Brand should market to both men and women.[64] When she asked Ball how many ZO2 shoes he had already sold, he said, "Stay in your lane."[66] Ball also remarked, "She scares me. I don't look over there because I'm scared of her. I'm thinking assault right now. Leave me alone."[65] He called Leahy a "hater" of Big Baller Brand.[66]

text: Later that day on The Herd, Leahy issued a response about her argument with Ball, saying, "So he was upset at me for what I said there, and that’s completely fine. But you can't come at me and disrespect me and not look me in the eye and threaten me. That's just not OK."[63] Ball, however, denied threatening her.[63] In the days after the appearance, Leahy claimed that she was getting death threats.[67] Following the incident, Big Baller Brand began selling women's clothing on its website. It also started selling T-shirts that read "Stay In Yo Lane."[68] The magazine Complex called Ball's choice to sell the potentially controversial shirts "his most classless move yet."[69]

text: Summer AAU mayhem

text: On July 22, 2017, while coaching his AAU team, the Big Ballers, at the Double Pump Best of Summer Tournament in Anaheim, California, Ball received a technical foul for arguing a foul call and swearing at a referee.[70] Although his team was leading by 9 points at the time, he chose to forfeit the game and had his players leave the court.[70][71] After leaving he said, "It's not about the referee. I'm not gonna have my guys playing hard, and they're cheating. I don't play that shit."[70] On July 26, Ball's AAU team met SC Supreme at the Cashman Center in Las Vegas. The game featured a matchup between the Big Ballers' LaMelo Ball and top high school prospect Zion Williamson.[72] The crowd of about 3,500 quickly filled the stadium and left 1,500 people outside the building. Although several NBA players were in attendance, LeBron James decided to turn back due to the excessively large crowd.[72][73] The New York Post credited LaVar for drawing such a large audience to the game.[74]

text: Female referee firestorm

text:
"Don't try to step in the lane. She needs to stay in her lane because she ain't ready for this. [Ref] the little kids first and then come up. Because she ain't did enough. She ain't got enough on her résumé, I could tell."

—Ball comments on female referee that was removed by Adidas[75]

text: On the morning of July 28, as Ball continued to coach his AAU team in Las Vegas vs. highly-rated prospect Immanuel Quickley and Team BBC, a female referee gave him a technical foul.[76][75] After receiving the foul, he threatened to forfeit the game.[77] Ball reportedly pointed at the referee and demanded that she be replaced. Adidas, who ran the event, decided to bring in a new, male referee when the game resumed.[75][78] Later on, Ball was called for a second technical foul, and after he refused to be ejected, the referees decided to end the game.[77] In a post-game interview, he commented on the referee, "She's a woman who's trying to act—I get that she's trying to break into the referee thing. But just giving techs and calling fouls, that's no way to do it. I know what she trying to say: 'I gave LaVar, I gave him a tech, I'm strong.' That ain't got nothing to do with it. Just call the game."[79] He also said that "she's not in shape."[79]

text: Days after the incident, the officiating group for the event, Court Club Elite, cut ties with Adidas.[80] In a statement, they said, "Adidas and their leadership acted in a manner that does not parallel our views on integrity or professionalism, and neither should be compromised as they were in this situation."[80] Adidas issued an apology, saying that removing the referee was "the wrong decision."[78] In the fallout of the game, several media outlets and newspapers criticized Ball's actions. ESPN college basketball analyst Jay Bilas wrote an article in which he labeled Ball a "misogynistic buffoon unworthy of my time."[81] Kirk Herbstreit showed his support for Bilas's comments regarding Ball.[82] A sports column in the Chicago Tribune called him a "media-made Frankenstein unworthy of obsessive coverage."[83]

text: Shoe dispute and continued relevance

text: On September 1, 2017, Big Baller Brand announced a signature shoe for LaMelo Ball, the Melo Ball 1 (MB1), on its website for pre-order for $395.[84] The announcement stirred controversy about whether the shoes would break NCAA rules and possibly make LaMelo ineligible to play at UCLA.[84][85] NCAA spokesperson Emily James said, "Generally speaking, a college athlete or prospect paid for use of their athletics reputation or ability risks their future eligibility in that sport. This includes profiting from the sale of items bearing the young person's name. NCAA rules, however, do allow prospects to promote commercial products prior to enrollment, provided it is not for pay."[84] LaVar responded to the questions raised, commenting, "We'll worry about it when we get there. Who cares? If he can't play, then he can't play. It doesn't mean he'll stop working out and getting better."[84] Ball, in an interview session with reporters in Chino, California, asserted that the NCAA would not stop the shoe from being released.[86]

text: Reality television

text: In early July 2017, Deadline.com reported that Facebook would be releasing a reality television show featuring the Ball family. It would be a part of a larger project for the social media website to enter the video business.[87] After several weeks, it was announced that the show, called Ball in the Family, would exclusively air on Facebook on August 31, with the following episodes airing every Sunday, starting on September 10.[88][89] It was produced by Bunim/Murray Productions, which also helped create the reality TV series Keeping Up with the Kardashians on E! and Real World on MTV.[90]

text: Personal life

text: Ball met his wife, Tina, at Cal State Los Angeles, and they have three sons, Lonzo, LiAngelo, and LaMelo.[91] Lonzo is currently a point guard for the Los Angeles Lakers, while LiAngelo is a shooting guard/small forward for the UCLA Bruins men's basketball team, and LaMelo is a junior point guard at Chino Hills High School.

text: After his youngest son LaMelo reached four years of age, Ball began training all of his sons to play basketball.[7] They were taught many skills by their father and later played for his Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) team, Big Ballers VXT.[13] For a relatively short period of time in their childhoods, LaVar also had them play flag football, with Lonzo playing quarterback and his other sons catching passes.[7] Following an illustrious career at Chino Hills High School in Chino Hills, California, Lonzo became a star at UCLA. LaVar's younger sons play at the same high school and are both committed to UCLA.[92]