document_title: June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt

question_text: what is the name of the guy who escaped alcatraz

text: June 1962 Alcatraz escape attempt

text: Previous attempts[edit]

text: Of the 36 inmates who staged 14 escape attempts over the 29 years that Alcatraz served as a federal penitentiary,[4] 23 were recaptured, six were shot and killed, two drowned, and five (including Morris and the Anglins) are listed as missing and presumed drowned.[citation needed]

text: One inmate, John Paul Scott, successfully swam a distance of 2.7 nautical miles (5.0 km; 3.1 mi) from the island to Fort Point, at the southern end of the Golden Gate Bridge, on December 16, 1962. Some teenagers who were on the beach at the time found him and called the police because they thought he was dead. When the police saw him, he was immediately identified as the escapee they had been looking for. He was recaptured the same day and sent back to the rock,[5] exhausted and hypothermic.[6] Today, multitudes of athletes swim the same Alcatraz–Fort Point route as part of one of two annual triathlon events.[7][8] Some inmates in Alcatraz include Al Capone, Robert Stroud, and Allen West.

text: Inmates[edit]

text: Frank Morris[edit]

text: Frank Lee Morris (September 1, 1926 – disappeared June 11, 1962) was born in Washington, D.C.. He was orphaned at age 11, and spent most of his formative years in foster homes. He was convicted of his first crime at age 13, and by his late teens had been arrested for crimes ranging from narcotics possession to armed robbery.[9][10] Morris reportedly ranked in the top 2% of the general population in intelligence, as measured by IQ testing, displaying an IQ of 133. He served time in Florida and Georgia, then escaped from the Louisiana State Penitentiary while serving 10 years for bank robbery. He was recaptured a year later while committing a burglary, and sent to Alcatraz in 1960 as inmate number AZ1441.

text: John and Clarence Anglin[edit]

text: The Anglin brothers, John William (May 2, 1930 – disappeared June 11, 1962) and Clarence (May 11, 1931 – disappeared June 11, 1962) were born into a family of thirteen children in Donalsonville, Georgia. Their parents, George Robert Anglin and Rachael Van Miller Anglin, were seasonal farm workers; in the early 1940s, they moved the family to Ruskin, Florida, 20 miles south of Tampa, where the truck farms and tomato fields provided a more reliable source of income. Each June they would migrate north as far as Michigan to pick cherries. Clarence and John were reportedly inseparable as youngsters; they became skilled swimmers, and amazed their siblings by swimming in the frigid waters of Lake Michigan as ice still floated on its surface.

text: They began robbing banks and other establishments as a team in the early 1950s, usually targets that were closed, to ensure that no one got injured. They claimed that they used a weapon only once, during a bank heist – a toy gun.[11] They were arrested in 1956. Both received 15- to 20-year sentences, which they served at Florida State Prison, Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary, and then Atlanta Penitentiary.[citation needed]

text: After repeated failed attempts to escape from the Atlanta facility, the brothers were transferred to Alcatraz.[12] John arrived on October 21, 1960, as inmate AZ1476, and Clarence on January 10, 1961, as inmate AZ1485.[citation needed]

text: Allen West[edit]

text: Allen Clayton West (March 25, 1929 – December 21, 1978)[13] was imprisoned for car theft in 1955, first at Atlanta Penitentiary, then at Florida State Prison. After an unsuccessful escape attempt from the Florida facility, he was transferred to Alcatraz in 1957 and became inmate AZ1335.[citation needed] When West was transferred to Alcatraz, he was 31 years old, and had the education of an eighth grader. West was arrested over 20 times throughout his lifetime.[14]

text: West was the only conspirator who did not participate in the actual escape; he was left behind when a stuck ventilator grill prevented him from leaving his cell. He cooperated fully with the escape investigation and was not charged for his role in the attempt.[15][16]

text: West was transferred to McNeil Island, Washington, when Alcatraz was deactivated in 1963, and later, back to Atlanta Penitentiary. After serving his sentence, followed by two additional sentences in Georgia and Florida, he was released in 1967, only to be arrested again in Florida the following year on charges of grand larceny. At Florida State Prison, he fatally stabbed another prisoner in October 1972, in what may have been a racially motivated incident. He was serving multiple sentences, including life imprisonment on the murder conviction, when he died of acute peritonitis in 1978.[13]

text: Escape[edit]

text: The four inmates began formulating an escape strategy, under the leadership of Morris, the orchestral member of the operation,[17] after they were assigned adjacent cells in December 1961.[4] (The men may have known one another previously, at the federal penitentiary in Atlanta as well.[17]) Working at night over the subsequent six months, they gradually widened ventilation duct openings in their cells' walls, using saw blades they found discarded on the prison grounds, spoons stolen from the commissary, and a drill improvised from the motor of a broken vacuum cleaner. They concealed the holes with cardboard and paint, and their work noise with Morris’s accordion playing.[17][4]

text: The widened holes opened into an unguarded utility corridor behind the cell tier. From the corridor they climbed to the roof of their cell block, inside the building, where they set up a small workshop. There, they assembled a variety of stolen and donated materials, including more than 50 raincoats that they turned into makeshift life preservers and a 6-by-14-foot (1.8 by 4.3 m) rubber raft, the seams carefully stitched together and sealed with heat from nearby steam pipes. They stole a small accordion-like concertina from another inmate to serve as a bellows to inflate the raft, and built makeshift paddles from scrap wood. Finally, they climbed a ventilation shaft leading to a large fan and grille on the roof and cut away the rivets holding both in place.[17][4]

text: The men concealed their absences while working outside their cells—and after the escape itself—by sculpting dummy heads from a home-made papier-mâché-like mixture of soap and toilet paper, and giving them a realistic appearance with paint from the maintenance shop and hair from the barbershop floor. With towels and clothing piled under the blankets in their bunks and the dummy heads positioned on the pillows, they appeared to be sleeping peacefully.[18]

text: On the night of June 11, 1962, with all preparations completed, the men initiated their escape.[4] West had used cement to shore up crumbling concrete around his vent opening, and it had hardened, narrowing the hole and fixing the grill in place. By the time he was able to remove the grill and re-widen the hole sufficiently, the others had left without him; he returned to his cell and went to sleep.[19] West later cooperated fully with investigators, giving them a detailed description of the escape plan, and as a result was not punished for his role in it.[17]

text: From the service corridor, Morris and the Anglins climbed the ventilation shaft to the roof. Guards heard a loud crash as they broke out of the shaft, but since nothing further was heard, the source of the noise was not investigated. Hauling their gear with them, they descended 50 feet (15 m) to the ground by sliding down a kitchen vent pipe, then climbed two 12-foot (3.7 m) barbed-wire perimeter fences. At the northeast shoreline, near the power plant—a blind spot in the prison's network of searchlights and gun towers—they inflated their raft with the concertina. At some time after 10 o’clock, investigators estimated, they departed in the dense fog toward their objective, Angel Island, two miles to the north.[17][4]

text: Investigation[edit]

text: The escape was not discovered until the morning of June 12, 1962, due to the successful dummy head ruse.[20] An extensive air, sea, and land search involving multiple military and law enforcement agencies was conducted over the next 10 days. On June 14, a Coast Guard cutter picked up a paddle floating about 200 yards (180 m) off the southern shore of Angel Island. On the same day in the same general location, workers on another boat found a wallet wrapped in plastic containing names, addresses, and photos of the Anglins' friends and relatives. On June 21, shreds of raincoat material, believed to be remnants of the raft, were found on an Angel Island beach. The following day, a prison boat picked up a deflated life jacket made from the same material 50 yards (46 m) off of Alcatraz Island. No human remains or any other physical evidence of the men's fate was ever found.[21][17]

text: FBI investigators concluded that while it was theoretically possible for one or more of the inmates to have reached Angel Island, the frigid water temperature and strong currents within the bay made it unlikely.[4] According to West, the men had planned to steal clothes and a car once they reached land, but according to the final FBI report, no auto or clothing thefts were reported in that area following the escape, despite the high-profile nature of the case.[4][17] The FBI closed its file on December 31, 1979, after a 17-year investigation. Their official finding was that the prisoners most likely drowned in the cold waters of the bay while attempting to reach Angel Island.[4]

text: The U.S. Marshals Service investigation remains open, however. As Deputy U.S. Marshal Michael Dyke told NPR in 2009: "There's an active warrant, and the Marshals Service doesn't give up looking for people." He said that he still received leads on a regular basis.[22]

text: Aftermath[edit]

text: In 1993, a former Alcatraz inmate named Thomas Kent told the television program America's Most Wanted that he had helped plan the escape, and claimed to have provided "significant new leads" to investigators.[23] He said that Clarence Anglin's girlfriend had agreed to meet the men on shore and drive them to Mexico. He declined to participate in the actual escape, he said, because he could not swim. Officials were skeptical of Kent's account, because he had been paid US$2,000 for the interview.[17]

text: A 2003 MythBusters episode[24] on the Discovery Channel tested the feasibility of an escape from the island aboard a raft constructed with the same materials and tools available to the inmates, and determined that it was possible.[17] A 2011 program on the National Geographic Channel asserted that footprints were found on the Angel Island beach where the raft wreckage was recovered, and that contrary to the official FBI report, a car had been stolen in the vicinity on the night of the escape.[17]

text: In 2011, an 89-year-old man named Bud Morris, who said he was a cousin of Frank Morris, claimed that on "eight or nine" occasions prior to the escape he delivered envelopes of money to Alcatraz guards, presumably as bribes. He further claimed to have met his cousin face to face in a San Diego park shortly after the escape. His daughter, who was "eight or nine" years old at the time, said she was present at the meeting with "Dad's friend, Frank", but "had no idea [about the escape]".[25]

text: In 2012, the 50th anniversary of the escape attempt, the Anglins' two sisters and two of their nephews made public their belief that Clarence and John—who would both be well into their eighties—were still alive. Marie Anglin Winder claimed that shortly after the escape in 1962, she received a phone call from San Francisco; the caller said, "This is John Anglin." The family also produced a Christmas card, purportedly received in the family mailbox in 1962, saying, "To Mother, from John. Merry Christmas."[26] Michael Dyke, the Deputy U.S. Marshal, conceded that there is a "possibility that they survived", but noted that a Norwegian freighter reported seeing a body floating in the ocean 15 nautical miles (28 km; 17 mi) from the Golden Gate Bridge, about one month after the escape. "He had on prison clothes—a navy pea coat and a light pair of trousers—similar to what [Alcatraz] prisoners wore. There were no other missing people during that time period."[27]

text: In 2014, researchers at Delft University, using a computer model, concluded that if the men set off approximately at midnight, when the currents might have worked in their favor, they could have made landfall; but if they left during the hours before or after, the currents would have been too strong to overcome and they very likely died.[28]

text: A 2015 History Channel documentary presented further circumstantial evidence gathered over the years by the Anglin family.[citation needed] Christmas cards containing the Anglins' handwriting, and allegedly received by family members for three years after the escape, were displayed. While the handwriting was verified as the Anglins', none of the envelopes contained a postmarked stamp, so experts could not determine when they had been delivered.[29] The family cited a story from family friend Fred Brizzi, who grew up with the brothers and claimed to have recognized them in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1975. They produced photographs taken, they said, by Brizzi (who died in 1993), including one showing two men resembling John and Clarence Anglin and the farm near Rio where they were purportedly living.[30] Forensic experts hired by the History Channel confirmed that the photos were taken in 1975, and asserted that the two men were "more than likely" the Anglins.[31][32] Other evidence included the deathbed confession of another of the Anglins' 11 siblings, Robert, who told family members in 2010 that he had been in contact with John and Clarence from 1963 until approximately 1987.[33] The film also presented an alternate escape theory, involving the use of an electrical cord—which had been reported missing from the prison's dock on the night of the escape—as a tow line, attached to a passenger ferry that departed the island shortly after midnight.[34]

text: Art Roderick, a retired Deputy U.S. Marshal working with the Anglin family, called Brizzi's photograph of the two men "absolutely the best actionable lead we've had," but added, "it could still all be a nice story which isn't true"; or the photograph could be a misdirection, aimed at steering the investigation away from the Anglins' actual whereabouts.[33] Michael Dyke, the Deputy Marshal assigned to the case, said Brizzi was "a drug smuggler and a conman", and was suspicious of his account. An expert working for the U.S. Marshals Service reported that measurements of the photo subjects' physical features, compared to those of the Anglin brothers, indicated that they are not the men in the photo; although the age and condition of the photo, and the fact that both men were wearing sunglasses, hindered efforts to make a definitive determination.[35]

text: Surviving family members, who said they have heard nothing since Robert lost contact with the brothers in 1987, announced plans to travel to Brazil to conduct a personal search; but Roderick cautioned that they could be arrested by Brazilian authorities, because the Alcatraz escape remains an open Interpol case.[29] According to information obtained by a British newspaper, the FBI was aware of rumors that the Anglins were in Brazil as early as 1965. Agents dispatched to Rio at that time reportedly found no credible evidence that the fugitives were there.[33]

text: In 2018, the FBI confirmed the existence of a letter, allegedly written by escapee John Anglin, had forced them to reopen the investigation into the case. The FBI examined the letter for fingerprints and DNA, and the handwriting, which produced inconclusive results. The letter, received by the San Francisco Police Department in 2013, opens with:

text: "My name is John Anglin. I escaped from Alcatraz in June 1962 with my brother Clarence and Frank Morris. I'm 83 years old and in bad shape. I have cancer. Yes we all made it that night but barely!"

text: The author of the letter goes on to say Frank Morris died in 2008, and Clarence Anglin died three years later in 2011.[36]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: J. Campbell Bruce's 1963 book Escape from Alcatraz documents the 1962 escape, along with other escape attempts over the 29 years that Alcatraz Island served as a prison.[37]

text: The film Escape from Alcatraz (1979) stars Clint Eastwood, Fred Ward, and Jack Thibeau as Morris, John Anglin, and Clarence Anglin, respectively. West (fictionalized as a character named Charley Butts) was played by Larry Hankin.[38] The film implied that the escape had been successful.[17]


document_title: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film)

question_text: who was the double agent in tinker tailor soldier spy

root

text: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: In October 1973, "Control", head of British intelligence (MI6) (referred to as "The Circus"), sends agent Jim Prideaux to Budapest to meet a Hungarian general wishing to defect. Prideaux is shot and presumed killed. Amidst the international incident that follows, Control and his right-hand man George Smiley are forced into retirement; Control dies of illness shortly after.

tag: p

text: Percy Alleline becomes the new Chief, Bill Haydon his deputy, and Roy Bland and Toby Esterhase his lieutenants. Despite Control and Smiley's misgivings, their successors have already begun a secret operation—"Witchcraft"—to obtain highly sensitive information from the Soviet Union, which is in turn being traded with the CIA for American intelligence. Smiley is brought out of retirement by Cabinet Office civil servant Oliver Lacon to investigate a claim by Ricki Tarr, a British spy, that for years there has been a mole in a senior role in the Circus, as Control had suspected. Smiley chooses a trustworthy agent, Peter Guillam, and retired Special Branch officer Mendel to help him. He interviews former Circus analyst Connie Sachs, who was sacked by Alleline after she deduced that Alexei Polyakov, a Soviet cultural attaché in London, was a spy.

text: Tarr tells Smiley that on a mission to Istanbul, he had an affair with Irina, a Soviet agent. She wanted to reveal the name of a mole in the top ranks of the Circus but when Tarr reported this to London, they ignored him and ordered him straight home, while the Soviets promptly kidnapped Irina. Concluding that the mole had intercepted his message, Tarr went into hiding, suspected of defecting and murdering the British station chief. Smiley sends Guillam to steal the Circus logbook for the night Tarr had called and he finds the pages for that night have been cut out, supporting Tarr's story. Smiley interviews Prideaux, who reveals that after brutal interrogation, he was exchanged by the Soviets but sacked from the service. Prideaux says the purpose of the mission to Hungary was to get the name of the mole. Control had codenamed the suspects "Tinker" (Alleline), "Tailor" (Haydon), "Soldier" (Bland), "Poorman" (Esterhase) and "Beggarman" (Smiley).

text: Smiley learns that Alleline, Haydon, Bland and Esterhase have been meeting Polyakov—the "Witchcraft" source—at a safe house somewhere in London, where Polyakov gives them supposedly high-grade Soviet intelligence, in exchange for low-grade British material to help him maintain his cover with the Soviets. However, the mole is passing substantive material, including US intelligence, to Polyakov, his handler, whilst Polyakov's material has just enough substance to persuade the CIA to share information with the British. Smiley blackmails the location of the safe house out of Esterhase, whose exile status makes him vulnerable to deportation. Smiley then has Tarr appear at the Paris office, implying he knows who the mole is. The mole is revealed to be Haydon when he meets Polyakov at the safe house, where Smiley captures him. The Circus plans to exchange Haydon with the Soviets but he is killed by Prideaux. Smiley returns to the Circus as its new chief.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Gary Oldman as George Smiley ("Beggarman")
Colin Firth as Bill Haydon ("Tailor")
Tom Hardy as Ricki Tarr
Mark Strong as Jim Prideaux
Ciarán Hinds as Roy Bland ("Soldier")
Benedict Cumberbatch as Peter Guillam
David Dencik as Toby Esterhase ("Poorman")
Stephen Graham as Jerry Westerby
Simon McBurney as Oliver Lacon
Toby Jones as Percy Alleline ("Tinker")
John Hurt as Control
Kathy Burke as Connie Sachs
Roger Lloyd-Pack as Mendel
Svetlana Khodchenkova as Irina
Arthur Nightingale as Bryant
John le Carré as Christmas party guest
Christian McKay as Mackelvore
Konstantin Khabensky as Polyakov
Linda Marlowe as Mrs McCraig
Michael Sarne as Karla
Tomasz Kowalski as Boris
Stuart Graham as Minister
Zoltán Mucsi as Hungarian agent
Laura Carmichael as Sal

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: The project was initiated by Peter Morgan when he wrote a draft of the screenplay, which he offered to Working Title Films to produce. Morgan dropped out as the writer for personal reasons but still served as an executive producer.[2] Following Morgan's departure as writer, Working Title hired Peter Straughan and Bridget O'Connor to redraft the script. Park Chan-wook considered directing the film, but ultimately turned it down.[3] Tomas Alfredson was confirmed to direct on 9 July 2009. The production is his first English language film.[4][5] The film was backed financially by France's StudioCanal and had a budget corresponding to $21 million.[6] The film is dedicated to O'Connor, who died of cancer during production.

text: Casting[edit]

text: The director cast Gary Oldman in the role of George Smiley, and described the actor as having "a great face" and "the quiet intensity and intelligence that's needed". Many actors were connected to the other roles at various points, but only days before filming started, Oldman was still the only lead actor who officially had been contracted.[7] David Thewlis was in talks for a role early on.[8] Michael Fassbender was in talks at one point to star as Ricki Tarr, but the shooting schedule conflicted with his work on X-Men: First Class; Tom Hardy was cast instead.[9] On 17 September 2010, Mark Strong was confirmed to have joined the cast.[10] Jared Harris was cast but had to drop out because of scheduling conflicts with Sherlock Holmes: A Game of Shadows; he was replaced by Toby Jones.[11] John le Carré appears in a cameo as a guest in a party scene.[12]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Principal photography took place between 7 October and 22 December 2010.[13] Studio scenes were shot at a former army barracks in Mill Hill, North London.[6] Blythe House in Kensington Olympia, West London, was used as the exterior for "The Circus."[14] The interior hall of Budapest's Párizsi Udvar served as the location for the café scene, in which Jim Prideaux is shot.[15] Empress Coach Works in Haggerston was used as the location for the Merlin safe house. Other scenes were filmed on Hampstead Heath and in Hampstead Ponds, where Smiley is shown swimming, and in the physics department of Imperial College London. The exterior shots of the Islay Hotel, a run-down hotel described in the film as being near Liverpool Street station, which Smiley uses as a base, were shot in Wilkin Street, London NW5.[citation needed]

text: The events which take place in Czechoslovakia in the novel were moved to Hungary, because of the country's 20% rebate for film productions. The teams filmed in Budapest for five days. Right before Christmas, the team also filmed in Istanbul for nine days.[6] The production reunited Alfredson with cinematographer Hoyte van Hoytema and editor Dino Jonsäter, with whom he had made his previous film Let the Right One In.[16]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: The film took six months to edit. The final song in the film, Julio Iglesias' rendition of the French song "La Mer", set against a visual montage of various characters and subplots being resolved as Smiley strides into Circus headquarters to assume command, was chosen because it was something the team thought George Smiley would listen to when he was alone; Alfredson described the song as "everything that the world of MI6 isn't". A scene where Smiley listens to the song was filmed, but eventually cut to avoid giving it too much significance.[17][18]

text: Heard at a Circus office party, sung along to by the guests, is "The Second Best Secret Agent in the Whole Wide World", composed by Sammy Cahn and Jimmy Van Heusen, and performed by Sammy Davis, Jr., from the British spy spoof Licensed to Kill (1965). At the same office Christmas function, the Circus staff sing the official "State Anthem of the USSR", conducted by a figure dressed as Father Christmas but wearing a Lenin mask.

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered in competition at the 68th Venice International Film Festival on 5 September 2011.[19] StudioCanal UK distributed the film in the United Kingdom, where it was released on 16 September 2011.[20] The US rights were acquired by Universal Pictures, which have a permanent first-look deal with Working Title, and they passed the rights to their subsidiary Focus Features. Focus planned to give the film a wide release in the United States on 9 December 2011 but pushed it to January 2012, when it was given an 800 screen release.[21]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy received generally positive reviews. The film scored 83% on Rotten Tomatoes, based on 214 reviews, with an average rating of 7.8/10. The site's summary called the film "a dense puzzle of anxiety, paranoia, and espionage that director Tomas Alfredson pieces together with utmost skill".[22] Metacritic, which assigns a normalised rating in the 0–100 range based on reviews from top mainstream critics, calculated an average score of 85 based on 42 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[23]

text: Jonathan Romney of The Independent wrote, "The script is a brilliant feat of condensation and restructuring: writers Peter Straughan and the late Bridget O'Connor realise the novel is overtly about information and its flow, and reshape its daunting complexity to highlight that".[24] David Gritten of The Daily Telegraph declared the film "a triumph" and gave it a five star rating,[25] as did his colleague, Sukhdev Sandhu.[26] Stateside, Peter Travers of Rolling Stone wrote, "As Alfredson directs the expert script by Peter Straughan and Bridget O'Connor, the film emerges as a tale of loneliness and desperation among men who can never disclose their secret hearts, even to themselves. It's easily one of the year's best films."[27] M. Enois Duarte of High-Def Digest also praised the film as a "brilliant display of drama, mystery and suspense, one which regards its audience with intelligence".[28]

text: Detractors of the film included Peter Hitchens of The Mail on Sunday, who wrote that the plot would be too baffling for viewers who had not read the book, and that the film's makers had "needlessly messed it up".[29] David Edwards of the Daily Mirror wrote, "The big question – and one le Carré himself asked when the film was announced – is whether such a hefty novel can fit comfortably into a feature-length production. In answering this, the writers have pared things back, meaning it's far pacier than the seven-part TV show. Unfortunately, the plot is every bit as bewildering with an overload of spy-speak, a few too many characters to keep track of and a final act that ends with a whimper, rather than a bang."[30] The Telegraph's Guy Stagg, meanwhile, thought that the movie needed a car chase in the middle.[31] Writing in The Atlantic, le Carré admirer James Parker favourably contrasted Smiley with the James Bond franchise but found this Tinker Tailor adaptation "problematic" compared to the 1979 BBC mini-series. He wrote: "To strip down or minimalize le Carré, however, is to sacrifice the almost Tolkienesque grain and depth of his created world: the decades-long backstory, the lingo, the arcana, the liturgical repetitions of names and functions".[32]

text: Box office[edit]

text: The film topped the British box office chart for three consecutive weeks[33] and earned $80,630,608 worldwide.[34]

text: Awards and honours[edit]

text:
[show]List of awards and nominations

Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result

Academy Awards
26 February 2012
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Adapted Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Nominated

Best Original Score
Alberto Iglesias
Nominated

Amanda Award[35]
17 August 2012
Best Foreign Film
Tomas Alfredson
Nominated

American Society of Cinematographers[36]
12 February 2012
Best Cinematography in a Feature Film
Hoyte van Hoytema
Nominated

Art Directors Guild[37]
4 February 2012
Period Film
Maria Djurkovic (Production Designer)
Nominated

British Academy Film Awards
12 February 2012
Best Film

Nominated

Outstanding British Film

Won

Best Actor in a Leading Role
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
Nominated

Best Adapted Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Won

Best Original Music
Alberto Iglesias
Nominated

Best Cinematography
Hoyte van Hoytema
Nominated

Best Editing
Dino Jonsater
Nominated

Best Production Design
Maria Djurkovic, Tatiana MacDonald
Nominated

Best Costume Design
Jacqueline Durran
Nominated

Best Sound

Nominated

Outstanding British Contribution to Cinema
John Hurt
Won

British Film Bloggers Circle Awards
21 February 2012
Best Film

Nominated

Best British Film

Nominated

Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
Nominated

Best Adapted Screenplay

Won

British Independent Film Awards
4 December 2011
Best British Independent Film
Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy
Nominated

Best Director of a British Independent Film
Tomas Alfredson
Nominated

Best Performance by an Actor in a British Independent Film
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Technical Achievement
Maria Djurkovic (Production Design)
Won

Best Supporting Actress
Kathy Burke
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
Tom Hardy
Nominated

Benedict Cumberbatch
Nominated

British Film Institute
4 December 2011
Top Ten Films

Won

Best Film

10th Place

Burgundy Film Critics Awards[38]
24 February 2013
Best Foreign Film
Tomas Alfredson
Won

Ciak d'oro
6 June 2012
Best Foreign Film
Tomas Alfredson
Runner-up

Chicago Film Critics Association
19 December 2011
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Adapted Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Nominated

Crime Thriller Awards
18 September 2012
Best Film

Won

Conch Awards
19 September 2012
Best Film Soundtrack
Stephen Griffiths
Won

Best Film Mix Facility
Goldcrest Post Production
Nominated

Best Sound Design & Editorial Team
Andy Shelley and Stephen Griffiths
Nominated

Denver Film Critics Society
11 January 2012
Best Cast

Nominated

Best Original Score
Alberto Iglesias
Nominated

Dublin Film Critics Circle Awards
23 December 2011
Top Ten Films

Won

Best Film

4th Place

Top Ten Directors
Tomas Alfredson
Won

Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
4th Place

Top Ten Actors
Gary Oldman
Won

Best Actor
Gary Oldman
3rd Place

Empire Awards
25 March 2012
Best Film

Nominated

Best British Film

Won

Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Won

Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
Nominated

Best Thriller

Won

European Film Awards
1 December 2012
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Production Design
Maria Djurkovic
Won

Best Cinematography
Hoyte van Hoytema
Nominated

Best Original Score
Alberto Iglesias
Won

People's Choice Award – Best European Film
Tomas Alfredson
Won

Evening Standard British Film Awards
7 February 2012
Best Film

Nominated

Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Technical Achievement
Maria Djurkovic
Nominated

Alexander Walker Special Award
John Hurt
Won

Golden Trailer Awards
31 May 2012
Best Drama Trailer

Nominated

Best Thriller Trailer

Nominated

Best Independent Poster

Won

Best Drama Poster

Nominated

Georgia Film Critics Association
16 January 2012
Best Film

Nominated

Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
Nominated

Best Actor in a Leading Role
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
Tom Hardy
Nominated

Best Ensemble Cast

Won

Best Adapted Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Nominated

Best Cinematography
Hoyte van Hoytema
Nominated

Best Production Design
Maria Djurkovic
Nominated

Gotham Independent Film Awards
18 November 2011
Gotham Tribute Award
Gary Oldman
Won

Hollywood Film Festival
24 October 2011
Best Composer
Alberto Iglesias
Won

International Chinephile Society
22 February 2012
Best Cast

Runner-up

Best Adapted Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Won

Best Production Design
Maria Djurkovic
Runner-up

Best Original Score
Alberto Iglesias
Runner-up

International Federation of Film Critics Award
10 September 2012
Grand Prix for the best film
Tomas Alfredson
9th Place

International Online Film Critics' Poll[39][40]
20 December 2012
Best Film – Motion Picture

Won

Top Ten Films

Won

Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
Won

Best Actor in a Leading Role
Gary Oldman
Won

Best Ensemble Cast

Won

Best Adapted Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Won

Best Cinematography
Hoyte van Hoytema
Nominated

Best Production Design
Maria Djurkovic
Won

Best Editing
Dino Jonsäter
Nominated

Best Original Score
Alberto Iglesias
Nominated

Irish Film and Television Awards
11 February 2012
Best International Film

Won

Actor in a Lead Role in a Feature Film
Ciarán Hinds
Nominated

International Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Italian Online Film Actors & Dubbers Award
1 September 2012
Best Foreign Actor
Gary Oldman
Won

Best Foreign Supporting Actor
Tom Hardy
Nominated

Best Foreign Cast

Won

Best Male Dubber
Stefano De Sando
Won

Public Choice Award for Best Performance
Gary Oldman
Won

Italy Screenplay Prize
13 July 2012
Best Film

Won

Top Ten Films

Won

Best Adapted Screenplay – International
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Won

Special Award for Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
Won

Special Award for Best Performance
Gary Oldman
Won

Las Vegas Film Critics Society
13 December 2011
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Maria Djurkovic
Nominated

Best Cinematography

Nominated

Best Editing
Dino Jonsater
Nominated

London Film Critics Circle Award
19 January 2012
Top Ten Film

Won

Best Film

4th Place

Best British Film

Nominated

Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best British Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Nominated

Best Technical Achievement
Maria Djurkovic
Won

Los Angeles Film Critics Association
11 December 2011
Best Art Direction
Maria Djurkovic
Runner-up

Metacritic Awards
5 January 2012
Best Reviewed Drama

3rd Place

Best Reviewed Thriller

Won

Movie Farm Awards
12 February 2012
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Won

Music & Sound Awards

Best Original Composition in a Film
Alberto Iglesias
Won

Online Film Critics Society Awards
2 January 2012
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Adapted Screenplay

Won

Best Editing
Dino Jonsater
Nominated

Online Film & Television Association
5 February 2012
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best Adapted Screenplay

Won

Best Production Design
Maria Djurkovic
Nominated

Best Cast

Won

Best Casting
Jina Jay
Won

Palm Springs International Film Festival
15 January 2012
Best International Star
Gary Oldman
Won

Phoenix Film Critics Society
27 December 2011
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Premio Cinema Ludus[41]
19 November 2012
Gran Prix for Best Film
Tomas Alfredson
Won

Prix for Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Won

Best European Film

Won

Best European Director
Tomas Alfredson
Won

Best European Actor
Gary Oldman
Won

Best European Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Won

Best European Technical Achievement
Maria Djurkovic
Won

Best Producer
Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner
Won

Richard Attenborough Regional Film Awards
2 February 2012
Best British Film of the year

Won

Best Actor of the year
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Best British Actor of the year
Gary Oldman
Won

Best Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Won

San Francisco Film Critics Circle
25 March 2012
Best Actor
Gary Oldman
Won

Best Adapted Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Won

Satellite Award
18 December 2011
Best Film – Motion Picture

Nominated

Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
Nominated

Best Actor – Motion Picture
Gary Oldman
Nominated

Spanish Film Music Critics Awards
29 June 2012
Best Spanish Composer
Alberto Iglesias
Won

Stockholm Film Festival
20 November 2011
FIPRESCI Award

Won

Sydney Film Critics
21 December 2011
Top Twenty Unreleased Films

Won

Best Unreleased Film

4th Place

Total Film Hotlist
3 August 2012
Hottest Film

Nominated

Hottest Actor
Benedict Cumberbatch
Nominated

Hottest Actor
Tom Hardy
Nominated

Venice Film Festival
10 September 2011
Golden Lion

Nominated

Virgin Media Movie Awards
1 March 2012
Best Film

Nominated

Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association
5 December 2011
Best Adapted Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Nominated

YouMovie Awards[42][43]
30 June 2012
Best Film

Won

Best Drama Film

Won

Best Thriller

Won

Best Actor in a Leading Role
Gary Oldman
Won

Best Supporting Actor
Benedict Cumberbatch
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor
Colin Firth
Nominated

Best Cast

Won

Best Villain
Colin Firth
Nominated

Best Director
Tomas Alfredson
Won

Best Trailer

Won

Best Cinematography
Hoyte Van Hoytema
Nominated

Best Art Direction
Maria Djurkovic
Nominated

Best Screenplay
Bridget O'Connor, Peter Straughan
Won

Best Costume Design
Jaqueline Durran
Nominated

World Soundtrack Academy
20 October 2012
Best Score of the Year
Alberto Iglesias
Won

Best Composer of the Year
Alberto Iglesias
Won

tag: table

text: Possible sequel[edit]

text: While doing press for Working Title's Les Misérables film adaptation, producer Eric Fellner stated that fellow producer Tim Bevan was working with writer Straughan and director Alfredson on developing a sequel to Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy. Fellner did not specify whether or not the sequel would be based on The Honourable Schoolboy or Smiley's People, the two remaining Smiley novels in Le Carré's Karla trilogy.[44] While doing press for Dawn of the Planet of the Apes in 2014, Oldman stated that talk of a sequel, an adaptation of Smiley's People, had since disappeared; while also stressing that he would still like to see the film produced.[45] However, in July 2016 Oldman confirmed that the sequel was in its early stages, stating, "There is a script, but I don't know when we will shoot."[46]


document_title: List of 1924 Winter Olympics medal winners

question_text: who won the first gold medal at the winter olympics

text: The inaugural Winter Olympics were held in Chamonix, France, from 25 January to 4 February 1924. A total of 258 athletes from 16 National Olympic Committees (NOCs) competed in 16 events across 9 disciplines.[1] Women also took part in these Games, although the only events they were allowed to compete in were the figure skating ladies' singles and pairs.[2] When the Games were held, they were not recognized as the Winter Olympics but rather as a winter sports week festival. It was not until 1926 that the International Olympic Committee (IOC) officially recognized them as the first Winter Olympics.[1]

text: A total of 104 athletes won medals for their NOCs, but the athletes from Norway and Finland stood out and dominated the Games, winning 17 and 11 medals, respectively. The United States and Great Britain tied for third place in the count of total medals, with four each. Athletes from 10 of the 16 participating NOCs won at least one medal; eight won at least one gold medal.[3] Many of the athletes who won these medals had already returned to their home countries by the time the medals were awarded, on 5 February, and other participants from their countries had to take the medals to the winning athletes.[1]

text: Finnish speed skater Clas Thunberg topped the medal count with five medals: three golds, one silver, and one bronze. One of his competitors, Roald Larsen of Norway, also won five medals, with two silver and three bronze medal-winning performances.[3] The first gold medalist at these Games—and therefore the first gold medalist in Winter Olympic history—was American speed skater Charles Jewtraw. Only one medal change took place after the Games: in the ski jump competition, a marking error deprived American athlete Anders Haugen of a bronze medal. Haugen pursued an appeal to the IOC many years after the fact; he was awarded the medal after a 1974 decision in his favor.[1]

text:
Contents

Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Curling

Figure skating
Ice hockey
Military patrol

Nordic combined
Ski jumping
Speed skating

Medal leaders   See also   Notes   References   External links

text: Bobsleigh[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Men's four-man
details
 Switzerland (SUI)
Alfred Neveu
Eduard Scherrer
Alfred Schläppi
Heinrich Schläppi
 Great Britain (GBR)
Thomas Arnold
Ralph Broome
Alexander Richardson
Rodney Soher
 Belgium (BEL)
Charles Mulder
René Mortiaux
Paul Van den Broeck
Victor Verschueren
Henri Willems[Note 1]

text: Cross-country skiing[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

18 km
details
Thorleif Haug
 Norway
Johan Grøttumsbråten
 Norway
Tapani Niku
 Finland

50 km
details
Thorleif Haug
 Norway
Thoralf Strømstad
 Norway
Johan Grøttumsbråten
 Norway

text: Curling[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Men's team
details
 Great Britain (GBR)
John T. S. Robertson-Aikman
William K. Jackson
Robin Welsh
Thomas Murray
Alternates:
Laurence Jackson
John McLeod
William Brown
D. G. Astley[Note 2]
R. Cousin
 Sweden (SWE) II[Note 3]
Johan Petter Åhlén
Carl-Axel Pettersson
Karl-Erik Wahlberg
 France (FRA)
F. Cournollet
P. Canivet
A. Bénédic
Georges André
Alternates:
H. Aldebert
R. Planque

 Sweden (SWE) I
Carl Wilhelm Petersén
Ture Ödlund
Victor Wetterström
Erik O. Severin
Alternates:
C-A V. Kronlund
C. W. Petersen

text: Figure skating[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Men's singles
details
Gillis Grafström
 Sweden
Willy Böckl
 Austria
Georges Gautschi
 Switzerland

Ladies' singles
details
Herma Szabo
 Austria
Beatrix Loughran
 United States
Ethel Muckelt
 Great Britain

Pairs
details
 Austria (AUT)
Helene Engelmann
Alfred Berger
 Finland (FIN)
Ludowika Jakobsson
Walter Jakobsson
 France (FRA)
Andrée Joly
Pierre Brunet

text: Ice hockey[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Men's team
details
 Canada (CAN)
Jack Cameron
Ernie Collett
Bert McCaffrey
Harold McMunn
Dunc Munro
Beattie Ramsay
Cyril Slater
Hooley Smith
Harry Watson
 United States (USA)
Clarence Abel
Herbert Drury
Alphonse Lacroix
John Langley
John Lyons
Justin McCarthy
Willard Rice
Irving Small
Frank Synott
 Great Britain (GBR)
William Anderson
Lorne Carr-Harris
Colin Carruthers
Eric Carruthers
Guy Clarkson
Ross Cuthbert
Geoffrey Holmes
Hamilton Jukes
Edward Pitblado
Blane Sexton

text: Military patrol[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Military patrol
details
 Switzerland (SUI)
Adolf Aufdenblatten
Alphonse Julen
Antoine Julen
Denis Vaucher
 Finland (FIN)
August Eskelinen
Heikki Hirvonen
Martti Lappalainen
Väinö Bremer
 France (FRA)
Adrien "André" Vandelle
Camille Mandrillon
Georges Berthet
Maurice Mandrillon

text: Nordic combined[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Men's individual
details
Thorleif Haug
 Norway
Thoralf Strømstad
 Norway
Johan Grøttumsbråten
 Norway

text: Ski jumping[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

Men's individual
details
Jacob Tullin Thams
 Norway
Narve Bonna
 Norway
Anders Haugen
 United States

text: Speed skating[edit]

text:
Event
Gold
Silver
Bronze

500 metres
details
Charles Jewtraw
 United States
Oskar Olsen
 Norway
Roald Larsen
 Norway

Clas Thunberg
 Finland

1500 metres
details
Clas Thunberg
 Finland
Roald Larsen
 Norway
Sigurd Moen
 Norway

5000 metres
details
Clas Thunberg
 Finland
Julius Skutnabb
 Finland
Roald Larsen
 Norway

10000 metres
details
Julius Skutnabb
 Finland
Clas Thunberg
 Finland
Roald Larsen
 Norway

All-round
details
Clas Thunberg
 Finland
Roald Larsen
 Norway
Julius Skutnabb
 Finland

text: Medal leaders[edit]

text: Athletes who won multiple medals are listed below.

text:
Athlete
Nation
Sport
Gold
Silver
Bronze
Total

Thunberg, ClasClas Thunberg
 Finland (FIN)
Speed skating
3
1
1
5

Haug, ThorleifThorleif Haug
 Norway (NOR)
Cross-country skiing and Nordic combined
3
0
0
3

Skutnabb, JuliusJulius Skutnabb
 Finland (FIN)
Speed skating
1
1
1
3

Larsen, RoaldRoald Larsen
 Norway (NOR)
Speed skating
0
2
3
5

Strømstad, ThoralfThoralf Strømstad
 Norway (NOR)
Cross-country skiing and Nordic combined
0
2
0
2

Grøttumsbråten, JohanJohan Grøttumsbråten
 Norway (NOR)
Cross-country skiing and Nordic combined
0
1
2
3


document_title: List of municipalities in Wisconsin by population

question_text: what is the largest city in wisconsin by population

text: The following is list showing the largest municipalities in the state of Wisconsin according to the 2000 and 2010 censuses.[1]  This list includes all cities and villages with more than 10,000 inhabitants. The list does not include towns regardless of population, because they are not incorporated entities.

text:
Rank

Municipality

Population(2010 Census)

Population(2000 Census)

Type

County

1
Milwaukee
594,833
596,974
City
Milwaukee

2
Madison
233,209
208,054
City
Dane

3
Green Bay
104,057
102,313
City
Brown

4
Kenosha
99,218
90,352
City
Kenosha

5
Racine
78,860
81,855
City
Racine

6
Appleton
72,623
70,087
City
Outagamie,
Calumet,
Winnebago

7
Waukesha
70,718
64,825
City
Waukesha

8
Oshkosh
66,083
62,916
City
Winnebago

9
Eau Claire
65,883
61,704
City
Eau Claire,
Chippewa

10
Janesville
63,575
59,498
City
Rock

11
West Allis
60,411
61,254
City
Milwaukee

12
La Crosse
51,320
51,818
City
La Crosse

13
Sheboygan
49,288
50,792
City
Sheboygan

14
Wauwatosa
46,396
47,271
City
Milwaukee

15
Fond du Lac
43,021
42,203
City
Fond du Lac

16
New Berlin
39,584
38,220
City
Waukesha

17
Wausau
39,106
38,426
City
Marathon

18
Brookfield
37,920
38,649
City
Waukesha

19
Beloit
36,966
35,775
City
Rock

20
Greenfield
36,720
35,476
City
Milwaukee

21
Menomonee Falls
35,626
32,647
Village
Waukesha

22
Franklin
35,451
29,494
City
Milwaukee

23
Oak Creek
34,451
28,456
City
Milwaukee

24
Manitowoc
33,736
34,053
City
Manitowoc

25
West Bend
31,078
28,152
City
Washington

26
Sun Prairie
29,364
20,369
City
Dane

27
Superior
27,244
27,368
City
Douglas

28
Stevens Point
26,717
24,551
City
Portage

29
Mount Pleasant
26,197
23,142
Village
Racine

30
Neenah
25,501
24,507
City
Winnebago

31
Fitchburg
25,260
20,501
City
Dane

32
Caledonia
24,705
23,614
Village
Racine

33
Muskego
24,135
21,397
City
Waukesha

34
Watertown
23,861
21,598
City
Jefferson,
Dodge

35
De Pere
23,800
20,559
City
Brown

36
Mequon
23,132
21,823
City
Ozaukee

37
South Milwaukee
21,156
21,256
City
Milwaukee

38
Germantown
19,749
18,260
Village
Washington

39
Pleasant Prairie
19,719
16,136
Village
Kenosha

40
Marshfield
19,118
18,800
City
Wood,
Marathon

41
Wisconsin Rapids
18,367
18,435
City
Wood

42
Cudahy
18,267
18,429
City
Milwaukee

43
Onalaska
17,736
14,839
City
La Crosse

44
Middleton
17,442
15,770
City
Dane

45
Howard
17,399
13,546
Village
Brown,Outagamie

46
Menasha (city)
17,353
16,331
City
Winnebago,
Calumet

47
Ashwaubenon
16,963
17,634
Village
Brown

48
Menomonie
16,264
14,937
City
Dunn

49
Beaver Dam
16,214
15,169
City
Dodge

50
Oconomowoc
15,759
12,382
City
Waukesha

51
Kaukauna
15,462
12,983
City
Outagamie

52
River Falls
15,000
12,560
City
Pierce,St. Croix

53
Weston
14,868
12,079
Village
Marathon

54
Bellevue
14,570
11,828
Village
Brown

55
Whitewater
14,390
13,437
City
Jefferson,Walworth

56
Hartford
14,223
10,905
City
Washington,Dodge

57
Whitefish Bay
14,110
14,163
Village
Milwaukee

58
Greendale
14,046
14,405
Village
Milwaukee

59
Allouez
13,975
15,443
Village
Brown

60
Chippewa Falls
13,661
12,925
City
Chippewa

61
Pewaukee
13,195
11,783
City
Waukesha

62
Shorewood
13,162
13,763
Village
Milwaukee

63
Glendale
12,872
13,367
City
Milwaukee

64
Hudson
12,719
8,775
City
Saint Croix

65
Stoughton
12,611
12,354
City
Dane

66
Fort Atkinson
12,368
11,621
City
Jefferson

67
Plover
12,123
10,520
Village
Portage

68
Waunakee
12,097
8,995
Village
Dane

69
Baraboo
12,048
10,711
City
Sauk

70
Brown Deer
11,999
12,170
Village
Milwaukee

71
Two Rivers
11,712
12,639
City
Manitowoc

72
Grafton
11,459
10,312
Village
Ozaukee

73
Cedarburg
11,412
10,908
City
Ozaukee

74
Suamico
11,346
8,686
Village
Brown

75
Waupun
11,340
10,718
City
Dodge,Fond du Lac

76
Port Washington
11,250
10,467
City
Ozaukee

77
Platteville
11,224
9,989
City
Grant

78
Marinette
10,968
11,749
City
Marinette

79
Monroe
10,827
10,843
City
Green

80
Verona
10,619
7,052
City
Dane

81
Sussex
10,518
8,828
Village
Waukesha

82
Burlington
10,464
9,936
City
Kenosha, Racine, Walworth

83
Little Chute
10,449
10,476
Village
Outagamie

84
Portage
10,324
9,728
City
Columbia

85
Elkhorn
10,084
7,305
City
Walworth


document_title: List of Phoenix Suns seasons

question_text: when was the last time the suns went to the playoffs

text: List of Phoenix Suns seasons

text: Table key[edit]

text:
AMVP
All-Star Game Most Valuable Player

COY
Coach of the Year

Finish
Final position in league or division standings

GB
Games behind first-place team in division[a]

Losses
Number of regular season losses

EOY
Executive of the Year

JWKC
J. Walter Kennedy Citizenship

MVP
Most Valuable Player

ROY
Rookie of the Year

SMOY
Sixth Man of the Year

SPOR
Sportmanship Award

Wins
Number of regular season wins

Win%
Winning percentage

text: Seasons[edit]

text: Note: Statistics are correct as of the 2016–17 season.

text:
NBA Champions

Conference champions

Division champions

Playoff berth

text:
Season

League

Conference

Finish

Division

Finish

Wins

Losses

Win%

GB

Playoffs

Awards[4]

1968–69
NBA
—
—
Western
7th
16
66
.195
7001390000000000000♠39

1969–70
NBA
—
—
Western
3rd
39
43
.476
7000900000000000000♠9
Lost Division Semifinals (Lakers) 4–3[8]

1970–71
NBA
Western
5th
Midwest
3rd
48
34
.585
7001180000000000000♠18

1971–72
NBA
Western
5th
Midwest
3rd
49
33
.598
7001140000000000000♠14

1972–73
NBA
Western
6th
Pacific
3rd
38
44
.463
7001220000000000000♠22

1973–74
NBA
Western
8th
Pacific
4th
30
52
.366
7001170000000000000♠17

1974–75
NBA
Western
8th
Pacific
4th
32
50
.390
7001160000000000000♠16

1975–76
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
3rd
42
40
.512
7001170000000000000♠17
Won Conference Semifinals (SuperSonics) 4–2 Won Conference Finals (Warriors) 4–3 Lost NBA Finals (Celtics) 4–2[9]
Alvan Adams (ROY)

1976–77
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
5th
34
48
.415
7001190000000000000♠19

1977–78
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
49
33
.598
7000900000000000000♠9
Lost First Round (Bucks) 2–0[10]
Walter Davis (ROY)

1978–79
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
50
32
.610
7000200000000000000♠2
Won First Round (Trail Blazers) 2–1 Won Conference Semifinals (Kings) 4–1 Lost Conference Finals (SuperSonics) 4–3[11]

1979–80
NBA
Western
4th
Pacific
3rd
55
27
.671
7000500000000000000♠5
Won First Round (Kings) 2–1 Lost Conference Semifinals (Lakers) 4–1[12]

1980–81
NBA
Western
1st
Pacific
1st
57
25
.695
—
Lost Conference Semifinals (Kings) 4–3[13]

1981–82
NBA
Western
5th
Pacific
3rd
46
36
.561
7001110000000000000♠11
Won First Round (Nuggets) 2–1  Lost Conference Semifinals (Lakers) 4–0[14]

1982–83
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
53
29
.646
7000500000000000000♠5
Lost First Round (Nuggets) 2–1[15]

1983–84
NBA
Western
6th
Pacific
4th
41
41
.500
7001130000000000000♠13
Won First Round (Trail Blazers) 3–2 Won Conference Semifinals (Jazz) 4–2  Lost Conference Finals (Lakers) 4–2[16]

1984–85
NBA
Western
8th
Pacific
3rd
36
46
.439
7001260000000000000♠26
Lost First Round (Lakers) 3–0[17]

1985–86
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
3rd
32
50
.390
7001300000000000000♠30

1986–87
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
5th
36
46
.439
7001290000000000000♠29

1987–88
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
4th
28
54
.341
7001340000000000000♠34

1988–89
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
55
27
.671
7000200000000000000♠2
Won First Round (Nuggets) 3–0 Won Conference Semifinals (Warriors) 4–1 Lost Conference Finals (Lakers) 4–0[18]
Kevin Johnson (MIP)Cotton Fitzsimmons (COY)Eddie Johnson (SMOY)

1989–90
NBA
Western
5th
Pacific
3rd
54
28
.659
7000900000000000000♠9
Won First Round (Jazz) 3–2  Won Conference Semifinals (Lakers) 4–1 Lost Conference Finals (Trail Blazers) 4–2[19]

1990–91
NBA
Western
4th
Pacific
3rd
55
27
.671
7000800000000000000♠8
Lost First Round (Jazz) 3–1[20]
Kevin Johnson (JWKC)

1991–92
NBA
Western
4th
Pacific
3rd
53
29
.646
7000400000000000000♠4
Won First Round (Spurs) 3–0  Lost Conference Semifinals (Trail Blazers) 4–1[21]

1992–93
NBA
Western
1st
Pacific
1st
62
20
.756
—
Won First Round (Lakers) 3–2  Won Conference Semifinals (Spurs) 4–2 Won Conference Finals (SuperSonics) 4–3 Lost NBA Finals (Bulls) 4–2[22]
Charles Barkley (MVP)

1993–94
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
56
26
.683
7000700000000000000♠7
Won First Round (Warriors) 3–0 Lost Conference Semifinals (Rockets) 4–3[23]

1994–95
NBA
Western
2nd
Pacific
1st
59
23
.720
—
Won First Round (Trail Blazers) 3–0 Lost Conference Semifinals (Rockets) 4–3[24]

1995–96
NBA
Western
7th
Pacific
4th
41
41
.500
7001230000000000000♠23
Lost First Round (Spurs) 3–1[25]

1996–97
NBA
Western
7th
Pacific
4th
40
42
.488
7001170000000000000♠17
Lost First Round (SuperSonics) 3–2[26]

1997–98
NBA
Western
4th
Pacific
3rd
56
26
.683
7000500000000000000♠5
Lost First Round (Spurs) 3–1[27]
Danny Manning (SMOY)

1998–99[b]
NBA
Western
7th
Pacific
3rd
27
23
.540
7000800000000000000♠8
Lost First Round (Trail Blazers) 3–0[28]

1999–00
NBA
Western
5th
Pacific
3rd
53
29
.646
7001140000000000000♠14
Won First Round (Spurs) 3–1  Lost Conference Semifinals (Lakers) 4–1[29]
Rodney Rogers (SMOY)

2000–01
NBA
Western
6th
Pacific
3rd
51
31
.623
7000500000000000000♠5
Lost First Round (Kings) 3–1[30]

2001–02
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
6th
36
46
.439
7001250000000000000♠25

2002–03
NBA
Western
8th
Pacific
4th
44
38
.537
7001150000000000000♠15
Lost First Round (Spurs) 4–2[31]
Amar'e Stoudemire (ROY)

2003–04
NBA
Western
13th
Pacific
6th
29
53
.354
7001270000000000000♠27

2004–05
NBA
Western
1st
Pacific
1st
62
20
.756
—
Won First Round (Grizzlies) 4–0 Won Conference Semifinals (Mavericks) 4–2  Lost Conference Finals (Spurs) 4–1[32]
Steve Nash (MVP)Mike D'Antoni (COY)

2005–06
NBA
Western
2nd
Pacific
1st
54
28
.659
—
Won First Round (Lakers) 4–3 Won Conference Semifinals (Clippers) 4–3 Lost Conference Finals (Mavericks) 4–2[33]
Steve Nash (MVP)Boris Diaw (MIP)

2006–07
NBA
Western
2nd
Pacific
1st
61
21
.744
—
Won First Round (Lakers) 4–1 Lost Conference Semifinals (Spurs) 4–2[34]
Leandro Barbosa (SMOY)Steve Nash (JWKC)

2007–08
NBA
Western
6th
Pacific
2nd
55
27
.671
7000200000000000000♠2
Lost First Round (Spurs) 4–1[35]
Grant Hill (SPOR)

2008–09
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
2nd
46
36
.561
7001190000000000000♠19

Shaquille O'Neal (AMVP)

2009–10
NBA
Western
3rd
Pacific
2nd
54
28
.659
7000300000000000000♠3
Won First Round (Trail Blazers) 4–2 Won Conference Semifinals (Spurs) 4–0 Lost Conference Finals (Lakers) 4–2[36]
Grant Hill (SPOR)

2010–11
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
2nd
40
42
.488
7001170000000000000♠17

2011–12 [c]
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
3rd
33
33
.500
7001170000000000000♠17

2012–13
NBA
Western
15th
Pacific
5th
25
57
.305
7001320000000000000♠32

2013–14
NBA
Western
9th
Pacific
3rd
48
34
.585
7000900000000000000♠9

Goran Dragić (MIP)

2014–15
NBA
Western
10th
Pacific
3rd
39
43
.476
7001280000000000000♠28

2015–16
NBA
Western
14th
Pacific
4th
23
59
.280
7001500000000000000♠50

2016–17
NBA
Western
15th
Pacific
5th
24
58
.293
7001430000000000000♠43

2017–18
NBA
Western
15th
Pacific
5th
21
61
.256
7001370000000000000♠37

text: All-time records[edit]

text:
Statistic

Wins

Losses

Win%

Regular season record (1968–2018)

2,167

1,885

.535

Postseason record (1968–2018)

133

141

.485

All-time regular and post-season record (1968–2017)

2,300

2,026

.532

text: Notes[edit]

text:
a  This is determined by adding the absolute difference in wins between the leading team and the team of interest to the absolute difference in losses between the two teams, and dividing by two.
b  Because of a lockout, the season did not start until February 5, 1999, and all 29 teams played a shortened 50-game regular season schedule.[37]
c  Because of a lockout, the season did not start until December 25, 2011, and all thirty teams played a shortened 66-game regular season schedule.


document_title: Yangon River

question_text: yangun is situated at the bank of river

question_tokens: yangun is situated at the bank of river

text: Yangon River

text: This article does not cite any sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Yangon River

Hlaing River

River

Yangon River

Country
Myanmar

City
Yangon (also known as Rangoon)

Mouth

 - location
Andaman Sea

 - elevation
0 m (0 ft)

text: The Yangon River (also known as the Rangoon River or Hlaing River) is formed by the confluence of the Pegu and Myitmaka rivers in Myanmar. It is a marine estuary that runs from Yangon (also known as Rangoon) to the Gulf of Martaban of the Andaman Sea. The channel is navigable by ocean-going vessels and thus plays a critical role in the economy of Myanmar.

text: The Twante Canal connects the Yangon River with the Irrawaddy Delta, once known as 'the rice bowl of Asia'. It consists of 1,000 square miles (3,000 km2) of lush teak plantations and mangrove swamps, many of which have now been cleared for rice production.


document_title: David Warner (cricketer)

question_text: total score of david warner in ipl 2017

question_tokens: total score of david warner in ipl 2017

text: David Warner (cricketer)

text: Early life[edit]

text: David Andrew Warner was born at Paddington, a suburb in eastern Sydney, New South Wales.[6] At the age of 13 he was asked by his coach to switch to right-handed batting because he kept hitting the ball in the air. However one season later his mother, Sheila Warner (née Orange), encouraged him to return to batting left-handed and he broke the U/16's run scoring record for the Sydney Coastal Cricket Club. He then made his first grade debut for the Eastern Suburbs club at the age of 15 and later toured Sri Lanka with the Australian under-19s and earned a rookie contract with the state team.[7] He has been seen practising hitting right-handed in 2016, which he had hit at least one switch-hit in all forms of the game.[8]

text: Warner attended Matraville Public School and Randwick Boys High School.[9]

text: Domestic career[edit]

text: Warner's breakthrough innings for the New South Wales Blues came against Tasmania when he smashed 165* to record the highest one day score by a Blues player ever.[10] Warner later backed this up with a 54-ball 97 also against Tasmania to narrowly miss the record for the fastest ever century in Australian domestic cricket.[11]

text: This introduction to the domestic scene led to Warner being included in Australia's Twenty20 squad in January 2009.[12]

text: Warner finally made his first-class debut playing for New South Wales against Western Australia in the final match of the 2008–09 Sheffield Shield competition at the Sydney Cricket Ground on 5–8 March 2009. Batting only once and coming in at number six in the batting order, Warner scored 42 runs off 48 deliveries.[13]

text: While playing for New South Wales, Warner broke the record for the highest Australian one-day domestic score. His score of 197 came off just 141 balls and included 20 fours and 10 sixes, surpassing Jimmy Maher's previous record of 187.[14]

text: English County Cricket 2009[edit]

text: Warner has played for English County Champions Durham for the English cricket domestic season.[15]

text: Indian Premier League[edit]

text: David Warner has been one of the most successful batsmen in the Indian Premier League. He currently captains the Sunrisers Hyderabad, and plays a pivotal role at the top of the order. He holds the records for the most runs by an overseas player (4014), most half-centuries (35) and the highest individual score by a captain (126) in the IPL.

text: Warner was signed by IPL team Delhi Daredevils for 2009–10 seasons.[16] During the 2009 tournament which was played in South Africa, Warner played seven games, scoring 163 runs at an average of 23.28 and with a strike-rate of 123.48. His top score was 51.[17]

text: On 7 October 2011, Warner became the first cricketer to score consecutive Twenty20 hundreds, when he followed up an unbeaten 135 against Chennai Super Kings with an unbeaten 123 against Royal Challengers Bangalore. Both matches were in the Champions League.[18] In the fifth season, he made a century in 54 balls.

text: Following the IPL 2014 auction, he was contracted by Sunrisers Hyderabad for USD 880,000.[19] In 2015, he was appointed captain of the Sunrisers Hyderabad. Warner ended the season as the tournament's leading run scorer, rewarding him with the Orange cap, although SRH narrowly missed out on reaching the knock-out phase.

text: Warner finished the season with 848 runs. He was chosen to continue leading the team for a second season in 2016,[20] leading the team to its first championship with 69 runs off 38 balls in the final against Royal Challengers Bangalore.[21]

text: In 2017, Warner scored 126 runs against the Kolkata Knight Riders to break his previous career high of 109*. This also marked his third century in the IPL.[22] He finished the season as the leading run scorer, and was awarded with the Orange cap for the second time. He finished the season with 641 runs and at an average of 58.27.

text: Statistics[edit]

text:
Season
Matches
Runs
Best
Average
S/R
100s
50s
Team

2008–2016
114
4014
126
40.47
142.13
3
35
DD and SRH

2017
14
641
126
58.27
141.81
1
4
SRH

2016
17
848
93*
60.57
151.42
0
9
SRH

2015
14
562
91
43.23
151.42
0
7
SRH

2014
14
528
90
40.00
156.54
0
6
SRH

text: KFC Big Bash and Big Bash League[edit]

text: Warner made a record in KFC Big Bash by completing his half century in 18 balls against Tasmania. The earlier record was held by George Bailey, who completed his half century in 19 balls.

text: In the first season of the newly re-vamped Big Bash League, Warner was named as Captain for the Sydney Thunder and in his first match for the Thunder scored 102 not out off just 51 balls with a strike rate of 200 runs per 100 balls and set the record for the most career sixes in the KFC Big Bash League with 38, previously held by David Hussey.

text: International career[edit]

text: Warner made his international debut for Australia in a Twenty20 International against South Africa at the Melbourne Cricket Ground on 11 January 2009. Warner’s international career started in 2009 with a bit of history – he was the first man since 1877 to represent Australia without a first-class match to his name.[23] He made an immediate impact, scoring 89 off 43 balls with 7 fours and 6 sixes, including the then second-fastest fifty in Twenty20 International history.[24] Warner was just 11 runs short of becoming only the second player after Chris Gayle to score a Twenty20 International century. His 89 was the second highest score on Twenty20 international debut; and the equal fifth highest score ever in Twenty20 internationals.[25]

text: On 23 February 2010, playing a Twenty20 international against the West Indies at the Sydney Cricket Ground, he made a stunning 67 off just 29 balls. His 50 coming in at just 18 balls, breaking his old record of 19 and it became the second fastest 50 in Twenty20 International history after Yuvraj Singh.[26]

text: He made his Test debut on 1 December 2011 against New Zealand at Brisbane, Queensland in the first Test of the Trans-Tasman Trophy due to an injury to Shane Watson. He made a disappointing 3 runs in the first innings. In the second innings he scored 12 not out off just 4 balls, scoring the winning runs with a pull shot through mid on.

text: Warner scored his maiden Test century on 12 December 2011 in Australia's unsuccessful run chase against New Zealand in Hobart. Warner made 123 not out in his side's second innings total of 233. In doing so he became just the sixth person to carry his bat through the fourth innings of a Test match.[27] Warner bowls a Right Arm Leg-Break and on his first delivery in Test Match Cricket, the ball was dropped in the outfield denying Warner a maiden Test Match Wicket.

text: On 13 January 2012, in only his fifth Test match, Warner scored a 69-ball century against India at the WACA. At the time, this equalled West Indian Shivnarine Chanderpaul for the fourth fastest Test century of all time, in terms of balls faced.[28] He ultimately built his innings to a score of 180 from 159 balls, setting a new personal high score in Test match cricket.

text: Warner scored 163 off 157 balls at the Gabba on 4 March 2012 in the first final of the CB Series against Sri Lanka. He batted until the last ball of the innings. It was his first ODI hundred for Australia. He followed it up with 100 and 48 in the other two finals at the Adelaide Oval. Warner's aggregate of 311 runs was the highest ever for the finals of a tri-series tournament in Australia, surpassing Greg Chappell's 266 runs in 1981.[29]

text: During ICC World Cup 2015, Warner started the World Cup decently by scoring 22 against England and 34 against New Zealand. But in their fourth match against Afghanistan, he scored 178 runs off 133 balls, which became his highest score in ODIs, helped Australia to score the highest team total in any World Cup and the highest in Australia. Warner ended up as the tournament's 11th highest scorer, scoring 345 runs at an average of 49.28.

text: Warner was one of Australia's better players during the 2015 Ashes in which Australia lost 3–2. Despite not registering a century, Warner scored 418 runs during the series, the fourth highest run-scorer behind Steve Smith, Chris Rogers and Joe Root. During the one-day series in England, bowler Steve Finn hit Warner's thumb, breaking it. This meant Warner took no part in the rest of the series and the scheduled series to Bangladesh which didn't take place due to security issues.

text: Warner also became the first batsman to ever score three centuries at The WACA, with his top 2 scores in Tests both achieved in the same stadium. His top score of 253 was also the second-highest individual score to be surpassed by an opposition batsman in the same Test match, which was surpassed during Ross Taylor's knock of 290.

text: On 7 November 2015, Warner became only the third batsman in history of Test cricket to score centuries in both innings of a Test match thrice, after Sunil Gavaskar and Ricky Ponting. In the very next Test match against New Zealand, he scored his maiden Test double century at The WACA, Perth,[30] his fourth consecutive century against New Zealand.[31] In that same match, Warner also became the second opener in Test cricket history, after India's Sunil Gavaskar, to score three consecutive Test hundreds twice in his career, and the only Australian since Adam Gilchrist to score three consecutive hundreds (a feat Warner had done twice in just 13 months),[31] while completing his 4,000 Test career runs as the 4th fastest Aussie batsman, the top three being the legendary Don Bradman, Matthew Hayden and Neil Harvey respectively.[32][33]

text: In 2016,in the against South Africa Warner set few heartbreaking records

text:
He set the record for the longest ever ODI innings without hitting a six(173)breaking the previous record held by TM Dilshan.[34]
His innings of 173 is the second highest individual score in a unsuccessful chase just after Sachin Tendulkar's 175.[35]

text: In 2016, Warner had a reversal of form, scoring more runs in ODIs than Tests. Nevertheless, he still scored his 5,000th Test run and 3,000th home Test run against Pakistan on 28 December 2016.[citation needed]

text: On 3 January 2017, while playing against Pakistan at the Sydney Cricket Ground, he became only the fifth cricketer to score a century before lunch on the first day of a Test match, after Victor Trumper, Charlie Macartney, Don Bradman and Majid Khan. Of the five, he was the first to do so in Australia.[36] In Australia's second innings, with the team in need of quick runs, Warner clobbered a half century in a rapid 23 deliveries, making it the second fastest Test fifty of all time and the fastest by an Australian In the format. In the scheduled five ODIs against Pakistan, Warner progressed in a slow start but made two centuries in the final two ODIs at Sydney and Adelaide. At the 2017 Allan Border Awards, he was awarded Australia's ODI Player of the year and the elusive AB Medal.[37] His two centuries made him man of the series and in the following days, he ascended to the top of the ICC ODI Player Batting Rankings – marking his ascent to the top of ODI rankings his first.[38] He was later rested for the Chappell–Hadlee Trophy series in New Zealand and will join the second group of players in Dubai in preparation for the upcoming four-test series in India.[39]

text: David Warner and Shane Watson pair is the most successful opening combo in T20I history with 1108 runs(highest overall partnership runs by openers in T20Is).They are also the only opening pairs to have scored over 1000 runs in T20Is.[40]

text: Both David Warner and Shane Watson as pairs scored 1154 runs in T20I history,the most by any pair in T20I history.[41]

text: On 6 September 2017 , while playing against Bangladesh at the Zohur Ahmed Chowdhury Stadium, Chittagong,he became the sixth Australian player to score back-to-back test hundreds in Asia after Allan Border, Bob Simpson, Damien Martyn, Mike Hussey and Michael Clarke.

text: Playing style[edit]

text: Warner is known for favouring the aerial route with his aggressive left-handed batting style, and ability to switch hit, using the back of his bat or by taking a right-handed stance. He is an athletic fielder and also a part-time spin bowler. His bowling style is rare in that he mixes off-spin bowling with his more usual leg-spin bowling. At just 170 cm Warner generates his power from strong forearms and uses his low centre of gravity to get underneath deliveries and hit them high in the air. In a Twenty20 match for New South Wales in 2009, he hooked a six off Shaun Tait that landed on the roof of the Adelaide Oval, only a month after hooking the same bowler 20 rows back at the SCG.[42]

text: Controversies[edit]

text: Former New Zealand captain Martin Crowe has called for a yellow-card and red-card system to be introduced to international cricket to curb Warner's "thuggish" on-field behaviour, stating that Warner was "the most juvenile cricketer I have seen on a cricket field".[43]

text: On 12 June 2013, Warner was dropped for Australia's second match in 2013 ICC Champions Trophy match against New Zealand following an attack on an England cricketer.[44] It later emerged that this player was Joe Root. The event happened hours after Saturday's loss to England at Edgbaston earlier that day.[45] According to the sports journalist Pat Murphy, the incident took place at 2am at the Walkabout bar in the centre of Birmingham, UK. On 13 June 2013, the Australian Cricket Team announced that Warner was to be fined £7,000 (AU $11,500) and would not play for his country until the first Ashes' Test on 10 July 2013. Warner subsequently missed the rest of the 2013 ICC Champions Trophy and the tour matches against Somerset and Worcestershire.[46]

text: Warner attracted further controversy soon after. On 27 July 2013, whilst playing for Australia A against South Africa A in Pretoria he was involved in an on-field altercation with South Africa A wicket-keeper Thami Tsolekile. This was deemed serious enough for the umpires to step in twice; however, no formal complaints were made and Warner tweeted later in the day describing it as "friendly banter". Despite this, writers called into question his return to the Australia squad for the third Ashes Test against England, which seemed likely after scoring 193 in the first innings of this match.[47] He was eventually recalled.[48]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Warner married Australian ironwoman Candice Falzon in April 2015.[49] They had their first child on 11 September 2014, a daughter named Ivy Mae Warner,[50] and a second daughter, Indi Rae, on 14 January 2016.[51] Warner was named Australian Sports Dad of the Year in 2016. Warner, one among ten nominees for the award, got to choose a charity to which AUD 10,000 would be donated.[52]

text: International centuries[edit]

text: Stats against opponent nations[edit]

text:
Opposition
Test centuries
ODI centuries
Test H.S.
ODI H.S.
T20I H.S.

 India
4
1
180
122
72

 South Africa
4
3
145
173
89

 New Zealand
4
2
253
156
23

 England
2
1
124
127
53

 Sri Lanka
0
3
85
163
90*

 West Indies
1
0
122*
69
67

 Pakistan
3
2
144
179
59

 Afghanistan
NA
1
NA
178
–

Total

18
13
253
179
90*

text: International Awards[edit]

text: Test Awards[edit]

text: Man of the Match Awards[edit]

text:
S No
Series
Season
Match Performance
Result

1
Trans-Tasman Trophy
2011–12
1st Innings: DNB; 15 (30 balls: 1×4)
2nd Innings: DNB; 123* (170 balls: 14x4)
 New Zealand won by 7 runs.[53]

2
Border-Gavaskar Trophy
2011–12
1st Innings: DNB, 1 catch; 180 (159 balls: 20×4, 5x6)
2nd Innings: DNB
 Australia won by an innings and 37 runs.[54]

3
Australia in South Africa
2013–14
1st Innings: 135 (152 balls: 12×4, 1x6); DNB, 1 catch
2nd Innings: 145 (156 balls: 13×4, 4x6); DNB
 Australia won by 245 runs.[55]

4
Trans-Tasman Trophy
2015–16
1st Innings: 163 (224 balls: 19×4, 1x6); DNB, 1 catch
2nd Innings: 116 (113 balls: 8×4, 2x6); DNB
 Australia won by 208 runs.[56]

5
Frank Worrell Trophy
2015–16
1st Innings: 122* (103 balls: 11×4, 2x6); DNB
2nd Innings: DNB
Match drawn.[57]

7
Pakistan in Australia
2016–17

1st Innings: 113 (95 balls: 17×4), 1ct.
2nd Innings: 55 (27 balls: 8×4, 3×6), 1ct.

 Australia won by 230 runs.[58]

text: Player of the Series Awards[edit]

text:
S No
Series
Season
Series Performance
Result

1
Australia in South Africa
2013–14
Runs: 543 with 3 centuries and 2 fifties, Ave – 90.50, SR – 86.74,
Field: 2 ct. (3 Matches)
 Australia won the series 2–1.[59]

2
Trans-Tasman Trophy
2015–16
Runs: 592 with 3 centuries, Ave – 98.66, SR – 85.42
Field:2 ct. (3 Matches)
 Australia won the series 2–0.[60]

3
Australia in Bangladesh
2017
Runs: 251 with 2 centuries, Ave – 62.75, SR – 63.22
Field: 3 ct. (2 Matches)
Series drawn 1–1.[61]

text: ODI Cricket[edit]

text: ODI Man of the Match Awards[edit]

text:
S No
Opponent
Venue
Date
Match Performance
Result

1
India
Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney
26 February 2012
68 (66 balls: 7x4); DNB, 1 run-out
 Australia won by 87 runs.[62]

2
Sri Lanka
The Gabba, Brisbane
4 March 2012
163 (157 balls: 13x4, 2x6); DNB
 Australia won by 15 runs.[63]

3
England
Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney
19 January 2014
DNB, 1 run-out; 71 (70 balls: 7x4, 2x6)
 Australia won by 7 wickets.[64]

4
Afghanistan
WACA Ground, Perth
4 March 2015
178 (133 balls: 19x4, 5x6); DNB, 1 ct.
 Australia won by 275 runs.[65]

5
Ireland
Stormont, Belfast
27 August 2015
84 (80 balls: 7x4, 3x6); DNB
 Australia won by 23 runs (D/L).[66]

6
South Africa
Warner Park, Basseterre
11 June 2016
109 (120 balls: 11x4, 2x6); DNB
 Australia won by 36 runs.[67]

7
Sri Lanka
Pallekele Cricket Stadium, Kandy
4 August 2016
DNB ; 106 (126 balls: 9x4)
 Australia won by 5 wickets.[68]

8
South Africa
Newlands, Cape Town
12 October 2016
DNB ; 173 (136 balls: 24x4)
 South Africa won by 31 runs.[69]

9
New Zealand
Manuka Oval, Canberra
6 December 2016
119 (115 balls: 14x4, 1x6); 2 ct.
 Australia won by 116 runs.[70]

10
New Zealand
Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne
9 December 2016
156 (128 balls: 13x4, 4x6); 1 ct.
 Australia won by 117 runs.[71]

11
Pakistan
Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney
22 January 2017
130 (119 balls: 11x4, 2x6); 2 ct.
 Australia won by 86 runs.[72]

12
Pakistan
Adelaide Oval, Adelaide
26 January 2017
179 (128 balls: 19x4, 5x6)
 Australia won by 57 runs.[73]

text: Player of the Series Awards[edit]

text:
S No
Series
Season
Series Performance
Result

1
2016–17 Chappell–Hadlee Trophy
2016–17
Runs: 299 with 2 centuries, Ave – 99.66, SR – 109.92,
Field: 4 ct. (3 Matches)[74]
 Australia won the series 3–0.[75]

2
Pakistan in Australia
2016–17
Runs: 367 with 2 centuries, Ave – 73.40, SR – 112.92,
Field: 4 ct. (5 Matches)[76]
 Australia won the series 4–1.[77]

text: Twenty20 International Awards[edit]

text: Man of the Match Awards[edit]

text:
S No
Series
Date
Opposition
Match Performance
Result

1
South Africa in Australia
11 January 2009
South Africa
89 (43 balls: 7x4, 6x6); DNB
 Australia won by 52 runs.[78]

2
West Indies in Australia
23 February 2010
West Indies
DNB, 2 catches; 67 (29 balls: 5x4, 7x6)
 Australia won by 8 wickets.[79]

3
2010 ICC World Twenty20
7 May 2010
India
72 (42 balls: 2x4, 7x6); DNB, 1 catch
 Australia won by 49 runs.[80]

4
Australia vs Pakistan in UAE
10 September 2012
Pakistan
59 (34 balls: 1x4, 6x6); DNB
 Australia won by 94 runs.[81]

5
Sri Lanka in Australia
26 January 2013
Sri Lanka
90* (62 balls: 5x4, 3x6); DNB
 Sri Lanka won by 5 wickets.[82]

6
Australia in South Africa
6 March 2016
South Africa
1 ct. ; 77 (40 balls: 6x4, 5x6)
 Australia won by 5 wickets.[83]

text: Player of the Series Awards[edit]

text:
S No
Series
Season
Series Performance
Result

1
Australia in South Africa
2015–16
Runs: 130 with 1 fifty, Ave – 43.33, SR – 166.66 (3 Matches)
 Australia won the series 2–1.[84]

text: Twenty20 centuries[edit]

text:
Twenty20 Centuries of David Warner

#
Runs
Balls
4s
6s
For
Against
Venue
Year

1
107*
69
9
5
Delhi Daredevils
Kolkata Knight Riders
Delhi
2010

2
135*
69
11
8
New South Wales Blues
Chennai Super Kings
Chennai
2011

3
123*
68
6
11
New South Wales Blues
Royal Challengers Bangalore
Bangalore
2011

4
102*
51
6
6
Sydney Thunder
Melbourne Stars
Melbourne
2011

5
109*
54
10
7
Delhi Daredevils
Deccan Chargers
Hyderabad
2012

6
126
59
10
8
Sunrisers Hyderabad
Kolkata Knight Riders
Hyderabad
2017

text: Career best performances[edit]

text:
Batting

Score
Fixture
Venue
Season

Test
253
Australia v New Zealand
WACA, Perth
2015[85]

ODI
179
Australia v Pakistan
Adelaide Oval, Adelaide
2017[86]

T20I
90*
Australia v Sri Lanka
Stadium Australia, Sydney
2013[87]

FC
253
Australia v New Zealand
WACA, Perth
2015[85]

LA
197
Victoria v New South Wales
North Sydney Oval, Sydney
2013[88]

T20
135*
Chennai Super Kings v New South Wales
M. A. Chidambaram Stadium, Chennai
2011[89]


document_title: Earth's internal heat budget

question_text: how does heat inside earth cause plate tectonics

text: Earth's internal heat budget

text: Heat and early estimate of Earth's age[edit]

text: Based on calculations of Earth's cooling rate, which assumed constant conductivity in the Earth's interior, in 1862 William Thomson (later made Lord Kelvin) estimated the age of the Earth at 98 million years,[6] which contrasts with the age of 4.5 billion years obtained in the 20th century by radiometric dating.[7] As pointed out by John Perry in 1895[8] a variable conductivity in the Earth's interior could expand the computed age of the Earth to billions of years, as later confirmed by radiometric dating. Contrary to the usual representation of Kelvin's argument, the observed thermal gradient of the Earth's crust would not be explained by the addition of radioactivity as a heat source. More significantly, mantle convection alters how heat is transported within the Earth, invalidating Kelvin's assumption of purely conductive cooling.

text: Global internal heat flow[edit]

text: Estimates of the total heat flow from Earth’s interior to surface span a range of 43 to 49 terawatts (TW) (a terawatt is 1012 watts).[9] One recent estimate is 47 TW,[1] equivalent to an average heat flux of 91.6 mW/m2, and is based on more than 38,000 measurements. The respective mean heat flows of continental and oceanic crust are 70.9 and 105.4 mW/m2.[1]

text: While the total internal Earth heat flow to the surface is well constrained, the relative contribution of the two main sources of Earth's heat, radiogenic and primordial heat, are highly uncertain because their direct measurement is difficult. Chemical and physical models give estimated ranges of 15–41 TW and 12–30 TW for radiogenic heat and primordial heat, respectively,[9] and recent results indicate their contributions may be roughly equal.[10][when?]

text: The structure of the Earth is a rigid outer crust that is composed of thicker continental crust and thinner oceanic crust, solid but plastically flowing mantle, a liquid outer core, and a solid inner core. The fluidity of a material is proportional to temperature; thus, the solid mantle can still flow on long time scales, as a function of its temperature[2] and therefore as a function of the flow of Earth's internal heat. The mantle convects in response to heat escaping from Earth's interior, with hotter and more buoyant mantle rising and cooler, and therefore denser, mantle sinking. This convective flow of the mantle drives the movement of Earth's lithospheric plates; thus, an additional reservoir of heat in the lower mantle is critical for the operation of plate tectonics and one possible source is an enrichment of radioactive elements in the lower mantle.[11]

text: Earth heat transport occurs by conduction, mantle convection, hydrothermal convection, and volcanic advection.[12] Earth's internal heat flow to the surface is thought to be 80% due to mantle convection, with the remaining heat mostly originating in the Earth's crust,[13] with about 1% due to volcanic activity, earthquakes, and mountain building.[2] Thus, about 99% of Earth's internal heat loss at the surface is by conduction through the crust, and mantle convection is the dominant control on heat transport from deep within the Earth. Most of the heat flow from the thicker continental crust is attributed to internal radiogenic sources, in contrast the thinner oceanic crust has only 2% internal radiogenic heat.[2] The remaining heat flow at the surface would be due to basal heating of the crust from mantle convection. Heat fluxes are negatively correlated with rock age,[1] with the highest heat fluxes from the youngest rock at mid-ocean ridge spreading centers (zones of mantle upwelling), as observed in the global map of Earth heat flow.[1]

text: Radiogenic heat[edit]

text: The radioactive decay of elements in the Earth's mantle and crust results in production of daughter isotopes and release of particles and heat energy, or radiogenic heat. Four radioactive isotopes are responsible for the majority of radiogenic heat, uranium-238 (238U), uranium-235 (235U), thorium-232 (232Th), and potassium-40 (40K).[14] Due to a lack of rock samples from below 200 km depth, it is not possible to do a simple radiogenic heat estimate of known radioactive isotope concentrations in rock throughout the whole mantle.[14] For the Earth's core, geochemical studies indicate that it is unlikely to be a significant source of radiogenic heat due to an expected low concentration of radioactive elements.[2] Radiogenic heat production in the mantle is linked to the structure of mantle convection, a topic of much debate, and it is thought that the mantle may either have a layered structure with a higher concentration of radioactive heat-producing elements in the lower mantle, or small reservoirs enriched in radioactive elements dispersed throughout the whole mantle.[15]

text: Geoneutrino detectors can detect the decay of 238U and 232Th and thus allow estimation of their contribution to the present radiogenic heat budget, while 235U is unobserved, and 40K is not detectable but is known to contribute 4 TW of heating.[10] However, the decay of 235U and 40K contributed a large fraction of radiogenic heat flux to the early Earth, which was also much hotter than at present.[11] Initial results from measuring the geoneutrino products of radioactive decay from within the Earth, a proxy for radiogenic heat, yielded a new estimate of half of the total Earth internal heat source being radiogenic,[10] and this is consistent with previous estimates.[15]

text: Primordial heat[edit]

text: Primordial heat is the heat lost by the Earth as it continues to cool from its original formation, and this is in contrast to its still actively-produced radiogenic heat. The Earth core's heat flow—heat leaving the core and flowing into the overlying mantle—is thought to be due to primordial heat, and is estimated at 5–15 TW.[16] Estimates of mantle primordial heat loss range between 7 and 15 TW.[9]

text: The early formation of the Earth's dense core could have caused superheating and rapid heat loss, and the heat loss rate would slow once the mantle solidified.[16] Heat flow from the core is necessary for maintaining the convecting outer core and the geodynamo and Earth's magnetic field, therefore primordial heat from the core enabled Earth's atmosphere and thus helped retain Earth's liquid water.[15]

text: Heat flow and plate tectonics[edit]

text: Controversy over the exact nature of mantle convection makes the linked evolution of Earth's heat budget and the dynamics and structure of the mantle difficult to unravel.[15] There is evidence that the processes of plate tectonics were not active in the Earth before 3.2 billion years ago, and that early Earth's internal heat loss could have been dominated by advection via heat-pipe volcanism.[17] Terrestrial bodies with lower heat flows, such as the Moon and Mars, conduct their internal heat through a single lithospheric plate, and higher heat flows, such as on Jupiter's moon Io, result in advective heat transport via enhanced volcanism, while the active plate tectonics of Earth occur with an intermediate heat flow and a convecting mantle.[17]