document_title: List of Hey Arnold! characters

question_text: who had a crush on helga in hey arnold

question_tokens: who had a crush on helga in hey arnold

text: List of Hey Arnold! characters

text: Main characters[edit]

text: Arnold Shortman[edit]

text: Arnold Phillip Shortman (voiced by Lane Toran in season 1, Phillip Van Dyke in seasons 2–3, Spencer Klein in seasons 4–5 and Hey Arnold!: The Movie, Alex D. Linz in the episodes, April Fools Day and The Journal, and Mason Vale Cotton in Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie), is the title character of the series. He is a dreamer and an idealist who always tries to see the best in people and do the right thing. His parents, Miles and Stella left to go to San Lorenzo when he was 1 year old, but never came back to Hillwood. Whenever he sees someone in trouble, especially Helga, Arnold goes out of his way to help them out, even if it's not sensible to do so. Arnold often acts as the stable center to those around him, whether he's around his "family" in his paternal grandparents' boarding house, or around his friends at school. He lives in Sunset Arms boarding house with his grandparents, Phil and Getrude.[1]

text: Arnold has had two major crushes in the series: one with sixth-grader Ruth McDougal (through most of season 1), and one with a classmate named Lila Sawyer (from season 2 onwards). However, his most catalytic relationship is with his classmate and frenemy Helga Pataki. Helga is secretly in love with him, though to keep these feelings secret she bullies Arnold. Arnold is completely unaware of this fact for most of the series, other than the occasional hint from Helga and other classmates. Helga revealed her secret to Arnold during Hey Arnold!: The Movie, but Arnold gave Helga the opportunity to take back her confession, attributing it to "the heat of the moment".[2] In the made-for-TV sequel Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, Arnold returns Helga's feelings with a kiss of his own, after thanking Helga for her help in finding his parents and using her locket to help activate the device that releases the cure to the sleeping sickness which his parents had contracted before they could release the cure. It's also implied at the end of the movie that he and Helga become a couple, as Arnold holds hands with Helga (although Helga continues to be hostile to Arnold in public). Arnold is friends with most of his fellow fourth-graders, with his best friend being Gerald Johanssen, whose friendship dates as far back as preschool.[3]

text: Arnold's surname is never revealed on the show and the mystery surrounding his full name became a running gag on the show, by the last name almost being revealed, then someone or something interrupting or otherwise preventing it from being heard.[4][5][6] It was finally revealed that his full name was Arnold Phillip Shortman.[7]

text: Gerald Johanssen[edit]

text: Gerald Martin Johanssen (voiced by Jamil Walker Smith throughout the original series and Benjamin Flores, Jr. in Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie[8]) is a nine-year-old boy and Arnold's best friend. He is an athletic and street-smart boy who is portrayed as loyal, though much less responsible than Arnold. Gerald has known Arnold for many years, most likely since preschool. Besides being Arnold's friend, Gerald also has a good deal of knowledge of many legendary stories in the city, or "urban legends" as he calls them. He apparently gets these myths from a source he has nicknamed "Fuzzy Slippers", mentioned in many episodes as his reliable assistant.

text: At school, Gerald is the class president, and considers himself very cool, and apparently, so do his friends. When it was revealed that Arnold was on Rhonda's so-called "Cool List", and that Gerald was on her other list known as "The Geek List" (due to a grudge Rhonda had against him over running for class president), many classmates were surprised to find this out ("Cool Party").

text: His most distinct features are his tall, Kid 'n Play-style hair, and his shirt with the number 33 on it (he also wears 33 on sports uniforms). He has a crush on Phoebe, who shares the same feelings for him. It's implied that at the end of Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie that the two have become a couple as they are seen holding hands.

text: Helga Pataki[edit]

text: Helga Geraldine Pataki[9] (voiced by Francesca Marie Smith) is a rough and cynical girl who puts on a mean, tomboyish front, making her the fourth grade bully.[3] She constantly bullies Arnold to hide her true feelings of love for him, which is obsessive to the point where she has made many shrines dedicated to him. She is an academically-gifted student and a talented writer of poetry for her age. She occasionally expresses interest in pursuing the latter as a career. Despite this, she is neglected by her parents[3] and often disrespectively calls them by their first names because she does not think they are worthy of being called "Mom" and "Dad". Her alcoholic mother, Miriam, is usually depressed, forgetful, struggling to stay conscious, and frequently drinking "smoothies" and "coffee". Helga relates very poorly to her. Her father, Bob, a successful pager salesman, who suffers from workaholism, rarely notices her existence, favoring her over-achieving, neurotic college-aged sister Olga, who Helga rarely gets along with. Helga does not really see him as her father, seeing as he is a horrible one. He never listens to Helga. Helga is also known for her catchword, "criminy!", which she normally exclaims when stressed.

text: Helga resents her older sister Olga, a perfectionist.[10] Although Helga will do her best to avoid unnecessary contact with Olga, she has shown feeling of love for her sister from time to time, as in the episode "Olga Gets Engaged", when she intervenes on Olga's behalf, saving her from what would have been a bad marriage,[11] and "Big Sis" when she reveals her jealousy of Olga's relationship with Lila. In the episode "Quality Time" it's revealed that she hates corn and is allergic to strawberries they give her hives.[12] In The Jungle Movie, she is shown to have an extensive video library of Arnold which she and Phoebe convince Gerald to use for the contest for the class field trip that Arnold hoped to win to search for his parents, which proves successful. During the trip Helga attempts to express her true feelings to Arnold who was not in the right frame of mind to hear it at the time and left abruptly leaving Helga heartbroken to the point she ripped up the picture of Arnold in her locket which she discards along with the fragments in the river. She briefly becomes angry at Arnold though after the class is captured by Lasombra and she sees Arnold crying while looking at a picture of his parents she forgives him and reaches for her locket only for her to remember she discarded it but finds that it and Arnold's torn picture was recovered and repaired by Brainy. She convinces Gerald in helping her free Arnold so they could reach the Green Eyes before Lasombra got there first. Together with Arnold and Gerald they manage to find the Green Eyes. Helga also comes up with the idea to use her locket to replace the Corazon which was lost while they were struggling with Lasombra, which activates the mechanism to release the cure to the sleeping sickness curing the afflicted Green Eyes and Arnold's parents. While she was attempting to retrieve her locket Arnold thanked her for all she did and returns her feelings, resulting in them kissing, only to be interrupted by Gerald. At the end of the movie when she, Arnold, Gerald and Pheobe were walking to school Arnold tries to hold her hand but she reverted to her old ways but secretly liked that Arnold made that attempt.

text: Supporting characters[edit]

text:
Phoebe Heyerdahl (voiced by Anndi McAfee) – The smartest girl in Arnold's class. She is Helga's best friend and confidante, though Helga tends to boss her around.[13] Nevertheless, Phoebe acts sometimes as Helga's moral compass, advising her on what she should do. Her ethnicity is half-Japanese, but she is from Kentucky. Being the smartest girl in her class is very important for her, and she tries her hardest to be that way. Throughout the series, both she and Gerald have a love interest in one another, with Gerald implying a crush on her during Rhonda's party in the episode "Hey Harold". At the end of Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie, Phoebe and Gerald are both seen holding hands, implying that they have finally admitted their feelings for one another.
Harold Berman (voiced by Justin Shenkarow) – A Jewish American student and friend of Arnold.[14] Although the first season he frequently picked on Arnold, he became more of a companion to him later on as the role of school bully increasingly shifted over to Wolfgang. Despite his frequent bullying and intimidation of other students, Harold's bullying is generally verbal rather than physical and he's often revealed to be rather cowardly and usually cries for his mother whenever he gets scared or upset.[15][16] He's sometimes referred to by the derisive nickname "fat boy", usually by Helga.[17] He's 13 years old and overweight and in later episodes it's revealed that Harold has a soft spot.[18] His best friends are Sid and Stinky.
Stinky Peterson (sometimes spelled Petersen) (voiced by Christopher Walberg in the series, Jet Jurgensmeyer in The Jungle Movie) – Stinky is a tall and lanky friend of Arnold's whose family is from Arkansas, and he is also one of Harold's best friends. Stinky has a Southern accent and a love for lemon pudding. His friendship with Harold had him originally portrayed in the first season as a bully who wore spiked wristbands and sidekick of Harold's, though the former was later de-emphasized and he was reinvented as a more affectionate, mild mannered and romantic character viewed as the class "ladies man", as he's romantically attracted to several female characters. He's shown to make up excellent poems while Phoebe was feeling depressed.[16]
Sid (voiced by Sam Gifaldi in most episodes, Taylor Gifaldi in "April Fool's Day", and Aiden Lewandowski in The Jungle Movie) – A friend of Arnold and one of Harold's best friends with paranoid tendencies. He is always shown wearing a green baseball cap backwards, a black leather jacket, jeans and a pair of white Beatle boots. He often tells urban legends, with or without the assistance of Gerald. Perhaps his most well-known characteristic is that he typically ends up in ridiculous situations, such as becoming severely mysophobic, deciding to devote his life to Arnold after Arnold saves his life, and believing Stinky is a vampire, among other things.[19][20]
Rhonda Wellington Lloyd (voiced by Olivia Hack) – A rich, pompous, self-proclaimed fashion queen and friend of Arnold. She is one of the most popular students attending P.S. 118. Both of her parents are stereotypically preppy. Even though she is always seen concerned about her style, Rhonda is a phenomenal athlete, practicing numerous contact sports, like baseball and football, not caring if she ruins her clothes or accessories.
Eugene Horowitz (voiced by Christopher Castile, then Jarrett Lennon in season 1, then Benjamin Diskin for seasons 2-4, Blake McIver Ewing in season 5 and the movie and Gavin Lewis in The Jungle Movie) – A somewhat socially inept but optimistic friend of Arnold, the class jinx. Eugene is prone to several forms of misfortune and is often bullied. He believes Arnold is a jinx due to several of his past tragedies having occurred in Arnold's presence. It's implied that he has a crush on Sheena.[21]
Lila Sawyer (voiced by Ashley Buccille) – A nice girl who came from a fictional farming community she calls "Pleasantville" and who lives with her father.[22] Her mother is never seen or mentioned probably because she and Lila's father are divorced or she passed away. She is Arnold's crush. However, she only prefers Arnold as a friend. She had a crush on Arnold's cousin Arnie. She knows that Helga loves Arnold[23] and offered to help Helga become more like her in one episode. She is described by the show's creator as being a foil for Helga, someone who tries to suppress her darker side by acting overtly nice and sweet similarly to how Helga tries to cover her kind, sensitive side with bullying.

text: Sunset Arms boarders[edit]

text:
Oskar Kokoshka (voiced by Steve Viksten in the series and theatrical film, Wally Wingert in The Jungle Movie) – A lazy, selfish, inconsiderate, insecure immigrant from an Eastern European country (in one episode he is referred to as being Czechoslovakian), that remains unemployed through most of the series, until becoming a paperboy.[24] He has a gambling problem, does not do what he promised, is unable to read until getting assistance from Arnold, and is a pathological liar, even lying to kids like Arnold who often tries to help him out. His childish demeanor and whininess often irritate others. Despite all his negative, despicable personality traits, he does love his wife and feels really bad when he thinks he has let somebody down. His voice resembles that of comedian Yakov Smirnoff and he occasionally utters Smirnoff's catchphrases. He shares his name with an Austrian artist.
Suzie Kokoshka (voiced by Mary Scheer) – Oscar's hard-working, dedicated, mature, loving and caring wife, who puts up with all of her husband's antics, selfishness, and laziness, though the two occasionally fight. In the episode "Baby Oskar" she has a cousin named Nancy and a nephew who is also named Oskar and was babysitting him for two days.[25]
Ernie Potts (voiced by Dom Irrera) – A short-statured and hot-headed, demolitionist[26] who has a Napoleon complex. In the episode "Ernie in Love" he develops a crush on a plus-sized model named Lola.
Mr. Hyunh (voiced by Baoan Coleman in the original series and also by Wally Wingert in Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie) – His last name (a misspelling of Huỳnh) is pronounced "win." He is an immigrant from Vietnam, working in a Mexican restaurant. Despite having a heavy Vietnamese accent when speaking, it is revealed that he is very talented in singing country music with the singing voice provided by country singer Randy Travis.[27] He can also play cello, guitar and trumpet quite well. His wife is never seen or mentioned. One episode reveals that he has a long lost daughter, but that he asked a US soldier to take her out of the country to avoid the Vietnam War. They are reunited years later.
Mr. Smith – A mysterious character who lived in the boarding house. Very secretive. His face is never seen, nor his voice has ever been heard. He is resented by the other boarders, due to this secretive lifestyle, as he does not share many of the main boarding house facilities, which are limited, based on the number who live there.[28] He only appears in the first season.
Lana Vail (voiced by Christine Ebersole) – A lawyer who resides in the boarding house. She wears a purple suit and has brown hair. She was a minor character to begin with, and has brief appearances throughout the series. She has her only speaking appearance in "Heat".
Mr. Purdy (voiced by Joseph Purdy) – he is only mentioned once in the episode "Gerald Comes Over" when Arnold collects the rent money. There are suspicions of him sharing his room with a chicken, this from chicken noises as Gerald listens from outside his door, never revealed, but covered up by him.[1]

text: Families[edit]

text: Shortman family[edit]

text:
Phil Shortman (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) – Arnold's cheery, fun-loving grandfather. He is 81 years old, as of the episode "Grandpa's Birthday".[29] Arnold often comes to him for advice.[30] He often tells Arnold stories about his past experiences, although he has a tendency to stretch the truth. Despite responding frivolously to Arnold's problems, he will often provide good wisdom. While his advice isn't usually the most helpful, his heart is always in the right place. He's a World War II veteran and claims to have single-handedly won the Battle of the Bulge by tricking a large troupe of Nazi soldiers into eating numerous cans of spoiled CHAM (a spoof of Spam), thereby poisoning them and creating a hole in the enemy line for the American troops to break through. Arnold does not believe his story at first, but it's later proven when Phil shows him a small monument of him hidden in some bushes in a park in Washington D.C.[31] Phil was also a master at Chinese checkers in his youth, which earned him the nickname "Steely Phil".[32] He's very healthy and spry for his age, as well as athletic. He has an older twin sister named Mitzi. When he and Mitzi were kids they use to be really close and they owned a Scottish Terrier named Pooter but one day he got out of their backyard and was killed by a milk truck and after that day he and Mitzi stopped speaking to each other for 71 years.[29]
Gertrude "Pookie" Shortman (voiced by Tress MacNeille) – Arnold's wacky but wise grandma who is often seen doing outlandish things, including dressing up and acting like fictional and historic figures, such as Calamity Jane.[29] She is called "Pookie" by Grandpa Phil and Gertie by Aunt Mitzi[29] She has a black belt.[33] She and Phil had a similar relationship that Helga and Arnold have when they were Arnold's age (though her pranks were a bit more vicious and extreme).[34]
Miles and Stella Shortman (voiced by Craig Bartlett and Antoinette Stella) – Arnold's parents, Miles being Phil and Gertrude's son. They're adventurous and brave, though Miles appears to be clumsy and tends to end up hurt. They met while exploring in San Lorenzo, where they occasionally crossed paths with the Green-Eyed people, a mysterious indigenous tribe. They returned to the city after Arnold's birth, but were called back for 'a final mission' when a friend informed them that the Green Eyes were in trouble: they failed to return, leaving their son under his grandparents' care. Arnold comes across a journal detailing some of their adventures years afterwards. His pet pig, Abner, was a wedding gift to his parents from the Green Eyes. In The Jungle Movie, it is revealed that while trying to cure the adults of the Green Eyes who had caught the sleeping sickness they ran out of medicine and began to work on making more but unfortunately they ended up contracting sleeping sickness leaving only the Green Eyes' children to watch over them and the other adults. However they managed to make enough of the cure and planned to aerosolize it so it could cure everyone using the Green Eyes' technology which was activated by the Corazon, a literal heart made of solid gold which was sought by the villainous river pirate Lasombra who pretends to be Miles and Stella's friend Eduardo to trick him in leading him to the Corazon. However the Corazon falls down a ravine while Arnold, Helga, Gerald, and the real Eduardo are struggling with Lasombra. Fortunately Helga gets the idea to use her locket in place of the Corazon which she reveals to Arnold for the first time. It worked and the cure is released curing the Green Eyes and Arnold's parents who return home with their son.
Arnie (voiced by Grant Hoover) – Arnold's cousin, who lives in the countryside and strongly resembles Arnold. He likes to collect lint and gum, count things, read the ingredients on the back of food containers, and makes a peculiar snorting sound on occasion. When he visits PS. 118, Lila develops a crush on him and attempts to attract his attention, but he develops a crush on Helga. He's often seen as strange, gross, dull or stupid by those around him.
Aunt Mitzi (voiced by Phyllis Diller) – Arnold's great aunt, Phil's twin sister and childhood rival. She is 81 years old. When she and Phil were kids they had a Scottish Terrier named Pooter but then was killed by a milk truck and after that day she and her brother stopped speaking to each other for 71 years.[35]
Grandpa Phil's father (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) – He is often seen in Grandpa's flashbacks to the 1920s.[36]
Grandpa Phil's grandfather (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) – He is seen in one of Grandpa's flashbacks. Grandpa remembers doing chores one winter while his friends were ice skating, only to be hit with a snowball by his grandfather who gave him permission to stop his chores and play.[37]

text: Pataki family[edit]

text:
Robert "Big Bob" Pataki (voiced by Maurice LaMarche) – Olga and Helga's oafish, ambitious entrepreneur father, a successful beeper salesman who owns a beeper store.[38] He has extremely high expectations for Helga and frequently compares her to her older sister Olga. Bob also frequently calls Helga by Olga's name by mistake.[3][39] However, Bob does care for Helga as is evidenced in subtle ways.[39] Bob has difficulty showing his emotions for Helga since she and he always come into conflict with each other. He often mistakenly calls Arnold "Alfred".[40] In The Jungle Movie, he still sells beepers despite Helga pointing out that nobody uses beepers anymore due to cellphones and it's implied that his business isn't as successful as it use to be.
Miriam Pataki (voiced by Kath Soucie) – Olga and Helga's inattentive mother. It's hinted throughout the show that Miriam suffers from alcoholism, as she often drinks "smoothies" which sometimes contain ingredients found in alcoholic cocktails such as celery and tabasco sauce, forgets things, speaks in a slow, tired voice, has had her driver's license revoked, has to do community service and sleeps a lot (often in inappropriate places). Like Bob, it is shown in very subtle ways that she cares about Helga, such as checking in her room when she heard a crash.[41][42][43] The unaired Hey Arnold! spin-off, The Patakis, would have included her struggle with alcoholism and joining of Alcoholics Anonymous as a plot point. However, in one episode when Bob injures his back and cannot work, Miriam fills in for him. During the episode Miriam sobers up and holds the fort. Miriam also becomes more attentive towards Helga until she becomes a workaholic and realizes that she is ignoring Helga. Then, she quits and makes Bob return to work.[41] However, her sobriety doesn't last long because in episodes following this one, she is back to drinking smoothies. Miriam was a champion bull rider before marrying Bob,[43] and she used to be an Olympic class swimmer.[11] She reveals in the episode "Olga Gets Engaged" that she regrets marrying Bob, which resulted in throwing her life away and presumably resulting in her insecurities.[11]
Olga Pataki (voiced by Nika Futterman) – Helga's intelligent, outgoing, beautiful older sister, who attends the fictional Wellington College,[10] although in one episode, Helga says that Olga attends Bennington College, which is an existing college located in the U.S. state of Vermont.[3] Olga clearly suffers from perfectionism. She possesses skills that demonstrate a high-level of intelligence such as in the episode "Helga on the Couch", where she was shown to be a virtuoso pianist in one of Helga's flashbacks, and when Helga mentioned that she was a straight A student. She attended P.S. 118 as a child, and is praised by Helga's current teachers for her achievements. Bob and Miriam consider Olga to be perfect, which bothers Helga.[10] There are times where her parents will confuse Helga for Olga.[3][39] Fortunately, Olga does give Helga more attention than their parents and has good intentions, however, Helga does not receive Olga's attention or intentions very well and often tries to push Olga away and keep her distance. Olga has a tendency to view life through rose-colored glasses and appears not to notice Helga's avoidance tactics. It is revealed in the episode "Helga on the Couch" that Olga through the years has reacted to her family's problems by being a perfectionist and keeping quiet about the situations at hand.[3] Therefore, either Olga likes to avoid conflict since she rarely acknowledges her family's problems, is oblivious, or is in denial. She later reveals to Helga that she is envious of her, as unlike Olga, their parents never heaped unrealistic expectations onto Helga, comparing herself to a "wind-up toy" that performs for their parents. In The Jungle Movie she is Mr. Simmons' helper with chaperoning his students on the trip to San Lorenzo. When they arrive in San Lorenzo, she develops a crush on a shipmate named Che who turns out to be working for La Sombra and is heartbroken when he locks her and the others up in jail. Later in the movie when her parents and Arnold's grandparents come to help them, Olga tells Big Bob that Che was mean to her and started chasing him and beating him up for being mean to Olga.

text: Johanssen family[edit]

text:
Martin Johanssen (voiced by Rick Fitts) – Gerald's sometimes strict father, complains about wasting electricity.[1] He is a Vietnam War veteran.[31]
Mrs. Johanssen (voiced by Shari Belafonte) – Gerald's very kind mother, keeps family together. She is a cashier at the neighborhood market.[44]
James "Jamie O" Johanssen (voiced by Ben Aaron Hoag and Phil LaMarr) – Gerald's teenage brother, who causes trouble for him. In the episode "Jamie O in Love" Arnold and Gerald spy on him to find out why he was being so nice to them and found out that he had a girlfriend named Sharice. One day, after Jamie O dropped them off at a restaurant to eat lunch, they see Sharice and overhear a conversation between her and her friend that she does not really like Jamie O and was gonna milk him for all he is worth. Gerald tells Arnold not to say anything about it to him because they're worried if he told them that he'd stop being nice and would not drive them to an upcoming hockey game. Days later Jamie O is seen doing Sharice's laundry and making her a soufflé. While juggling to do all those things, Jamie O accidentally burns one of Sharice's cashmere socks and breaks down crying. Feeling conflicted, Gerald decided to tell Jamie O the truth about Sharice and he does not believe him until he overheard her talking to her friend that he is a sap, causing Jamie O to realize that Gerald was right, and as a result, Jamie O broke up with her offscreen. The next day, to show that he is sorry for not believing his brother, Jamie O drives Gerald and Arnold to the hockey stadium.
Timberly Johanssen (voiced by Avriel Epps and Francesca Smith) – Gerald's little sister. She usually causes trouble due to her desire for attention or naturally childish behaviour. Unlike all the other children on the show, Timberly seems to age throughout the series. In her first appearance, she is four years old, but she already attends the first grade in "Timberly Loves Arnold", although this may be a continuity error, rather than intentional.

text: Heyerdahl family[edit]

text:
Kyo Heyerdahl (voiced by George Takei) – Phoebe's Japanese American father. He speaks Japanese fluently. However, his surname is not Japanese.
Reba Heyerdahl (voiced by Jean Smart) – Phoebe's Southern American mother from Kentucky.

text: Berman family[edit]

text:
Jerry Berman (voiced by David Wohl) – Harold's father. He has a tendency of talking in a very low pitch, and is more concerned about Harold's obesity than his wife.
Marilyn Berman (voiced by Kath Soucie) – Harold's mother. She is more vocal with her scolding of Harold than her husband.[15]

text: Horowitz family[edit]

text:
Nate Horowitz (voiced by Michael Jeter) – Eugene's father. He is equally unlucky as his son as seen in the episode "Fishing Trip".[45]
Mrs. Horowitz – Eugene's mother (only appears in the episodes "Eugene's Birthday" and "Parents' Day" )who, unlike Eugene and her husband who are redheads, is the only member of their family with blonde hair.

text: Lloyd family[edit]

text:
Brooke Lloyd (voiced by Lori Alan) – Rhonda's mother who believes her daughter is a perfect angel who can do no wrong. Most episodes she's seen talking on her cellphone.
Buckley Lloyd (voiced by Sam McMurray) – Rhonda's father. Whenever Rhonda gets very upset, he buys her things to cheer her up.[46]

text: Sawyer family[edit]

text: Mr. Sawyer (voiced by Dan Butler) – Lila's father is seen in the episode "Ms. Perfect". He appears to be a kind and caring father. When Lila is new to P.S. 118 and being bullied by some of her female classmates, her father tries to be there for her. In the episode it is revealed that he had been unemployed and it ends happily with him getting a job.[22]

text: Other characters[edit]

text: Other students of PS 118[edit]

text:
Thaddeus "Curly" Gammelthorpe (voiced by Adam Wylie in most episodes, Haley Joel Osment in "Deconstrucing Arnold" and Michael Welch in "Ghost Bride" and "Curly's Girl", Nicolas Cantu in The Jungle Movie) – The class sociopath. He has had meltdowns and outbursts throughout the show such as in the episodes "False Alarm" and "Curly Snaps".[47][48] He also appears to have a major crush on Rhonda. In the episode "Curly's Girl", Rhonda pretends to be Curly's girlfriend for a week after he cleaned her mother's new mink coat she wore for a school art show, but she is disgusted by his appeal.[49]
Torvald (voiced by Michael Bacall) – A fourth grader who was held back for several years due to his poor math performance (to the point of not knowing the answer to 3x3) and is considerably older than the rest of the students. He is tutored by Arnold in one episode. In the episode "Tutoring Torvald", he is revealed to be 13 years old.[50]
Sheena (voiced by Francesca Smith) – A geeky girl who does not like violence.[23][51] Her aunt Shelly is the school nurse, her uncle Earl rows a boat. It is implied that Sheena has a crush on Eugene Horowitz.[52][53]
Lorenzo (voiced by Victor Samuel Lopez) – A wealthy Hispanic American boy who did not have enough time to be a kid, by his mother's schedule. Arnold and the other kids teach him what it means to be a kid. In the episode "Arnold's Room" he and Sid are partners for a science project at school after seeing Lorenzo's bedroom, Sid is worried that his bedroom isn't good enough to show Lorenzo so he borrows Arnold's bedroom so they could work together. At the end of the episode when Arnold and the rest of his guy friends came over to play card games Sid knocks on the door and Lorenzo asks him why he is knocking if it is his own room then breaks down crying after explaining why he lied to him Lorenzo forgave him if he promises never to lie to him again and to show that everything is hunky-dory Arnold invites them both to join him and the others in playing cards.[54]
Iggy (voiced by Justin Shenkarow in "Downtown as Fruits", Sam Gifaldi in "Heat", Marcus Toji in "Stoop Kid" and Joseph Ashton in "Arnold Betrays Iggy" and "Gerald's Game") – A friend of Arnold's who is considered popular amongst his classmates. During the first season, he was shown as something of a troublemaker who would sometimes co-operate with Harold in mischievous deeds. His shirt tails stick out like Arnold's, creating illusion of a kilt, and he almost always wears dark sunglasses that he rarely takes off. Iggy is infamous for the episode "Arnold Betrays Iggy",[55] where his classmates find out he wears pink and white bunny pajamas after Sid and Stinky discover it and he blames Arnold for it, angrily rejecting his apologetic actions until Arnold reluctantly subjects himself to a widely publicized humiliation from many of his kid and adult friends by wearing the same bunny pajamas in front of him in public; during this time, Iggy finds out that Sid and Stinky were the true culprits and tries to apologize to Arnold afterwards, but Arnold only gives him an angry look, implying that he is too angry to forgive him. In later episodes however, there is no continuing animosity between the two as Iggy continued to associate with Arnold, implying that Arnold has either eventually forgiven him or the time has passed long enough to be as if it never happened.
Brainy (voiced by Craig Bartlett) – A geek and Helga's stalker who is usually knocked unconscious by Helga without Helga looking at him.[56] He seems to be romantically attracted to her.[3] He has a very deep voice, wheezes noisily, and never talks in a completed sentence.[53] He rarely appears except when Helga looks at her locket containing a picture of Arnold. Apparently Brainy hasn't told anybody else about Helga's crush on Arnold. He has the same hairstyle as Bart Simpson from The Simpsons. In The Jungle Movie", he continues to stalk Helga though he ends up helping her by retrieving her locket and Arnold's torn up picture which Helga discarded in anger after Arnold had seemingly rejected her, giving the locket and the repaired picture back to Helga after the class had been captured by Lasombra. Having forgiven Arnold, Helga thanked Brainy by kissing him before rushing off much to his surprise and delight. Helga's locket would later play a key role in releasing the cure that cured Arnold's parents and the Green Eyes, which would not have been possible had Brainy not retrieved it for Helga.
Nadine (voiced by Lauren Robinson in the series, Laya Hayes in The Jungle Movie) – A young entomologist and Rhonda's best friend.[57] She tends to find a lot of Rhonda's more stuck-up opinions ridiculous. In the episode "Dinner for Four", she sets cockroaches free in a restaurant as a favour for Helga.[58] This is the only episode where she has a bigger role than Rhonda, for her usual role is Rhonda's satellite character. In "Parents Day", Nadine is shown to be half black and half white.[59]
Park (voiced by Marcus Toji) – A close friend of Arnold and others. In the episode "Longest Monday", it is revealed that he has a secret hideout at the local junkyard.[60] He only speaks in seasons 1–3.
Joey Stevenson (voiced by Justin Shenkarow in earlier appearances, Michael Fishman in later appearances) – An African-American boy who is easy to remember by knowing he is missing a tooth. He appears with Arnold's group of friends from time to time, though his most prominent roles are in the first season, when he was part of Harold's circle of friends, along with Iggy, Stinky, and Sid.
Peapod Kid (voiced by Jamil Walker Smith) - A wealthy and well-spoken fourth grade student. In "Downtown as Fruits" he was unnamed but was credited as "Peapod Kid" because his costume for the school play was a pea pod. The name stuck and in later episodes he is called Peapod or Peapod Kid by the other children.
"Chocolate Boy" (voiced by Jordan Warkol) – A boy obsessed with chocolate. In "Chocolate Boy", it is revealed he eats chocolate because his nanny fed him large amounts of chocolate before she left to a "far away land called Delaware." Arnold helps break Chocolate Boy of his obsession, but he only becomes as equally over-excessive eating radishes as a replacement.[61]
Wolfgang (voiced by Toran Caudell) – The main bully of the block who is a fifth grader and Arnold's nemesis. He also runs the fifth grade and leads the other fifth-grade bullies in their troublemaking against younger students. Similar to Arnold, Wolfgang is somewhat popular with many friends in his grade, aside from his mildly dimwitted right-hand man, Edmund. The character, introduced, during the second season, was created as a way for Caudell to stay on the show, as he was going through puberty and he could no longer voice Arnold as a result.

Edmund (voiced by Tim Wiley) – Wolfgang's best friend and sidekick. He often asks stupid questions, causing Wolfgang to remark "Shut up, Edmund."
Mickey (voiced by Marty York) – A fifth grader who is nicknamed "The Weasel" as seen in "Longest Monday."[60]

Gloria (voiced by Francesca Smith) – A girl who looks like Helga, but is more girly and has a nicer personality. Her first appearance is in "Magic Show" as a dream vision,[13] but she is revealed to be a reality in "Helga's Boyfriend" when Stinky begins dating her, and appears as an extra in "Cool Party".
Ludwig (voiced by Phillip Van Dyke) – A bully who appears in the episode "New Bully on the Block",[62] where after leaving juvenile hall, he, Arnold, and Wolfgang fight each other for control over Gerald Field. But at the end of the episode, Ludwig and Wolfgang become friends and attack Arnold and his friends, leaving them hanging on a football goal post well into the night. He never appeared again afterwards. His name is likely a reference to Ludwig Van Beethoven, a famous classical composer, as a counterpoint to Wolfgang who shares his first name with classical composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and similar to Wolfgang, was created so that there would be an episode featuring Arnold's then-current voice actor (Klein) amongst his previous voice actors (Caudell and Van Dyke).
Ruth P. McDougal (voiced by Lacey Chabert) – A sixth-grade girl who was Arnold's first crush. Arnold went on a date with her on Valentine's Day but realized that she was not very nice after he caught her red-handed with the waiter at the restaurant and left with him. In the episode "What's Opera Arnold?" She played the role of Carmen and Arnold played the role of Don José from the opera Carmen. But was interrupted by Helga who slingshot Ruth into a trap door on stage in the middle of the kissing scene.[63]
Connie and Maria (voiced by Pamela Hayden and Mayim Bialik) – Two sixth-grade girls, Maria is a Latina, who speaks with a Mexican accent, often using Spanish words in discussion. They ask Arnold and Gerald to be their dates in the episode " Sixth Grade Girls" although just to use them to make their boyfriends jealous, but both agree that they are sweet and have potential to attract their interest in the future, when they are older than fourth graders. The two often appear in later episodes when the sixth grade classroom is shown, either with or without dialogue. In the episode "Pheobe Skips" They and along with their two other friends Cookie and Symone tricked Pheobe into doing their homework for them while they watched a soap opera. Near at the end of the episode there was a new girl named Shavone who got transferred from the third grade to their sixth grade class. They told Pheobe that they no longer needed her services and planned on making Shavone their new homework girl.
Patricia "Big Patty" Smith (voiced by Danielle Judovits) – An ill-tempered sixth-grade girl who becomes Harold's friend (it is implied that the two may have romantic feelings for each other as well).[64] She beats up Helga when she falls victim to her pranks (intended for Lila).[22] In an earlier episode, she plans to fight Helga, but stages it instead.[65] She even asks Helga if she and Arnold had feelings for each other, which Helga denies.[65] In season 4, she becomes friends with Rhonda after they both attend the same finishing school together.[66] She was also held back a couple of years and is 14-years-old.

Mrs. Smith (voiced by Zelda Rubinstein) – Mother of Patty who possess the medical condition of dwarfism.
Mr. Smith (voiced by Henry Gibson) – Father of Patty who also possesses the medical condition of dwarfism.

text: Staff of PS 118[edit]

text:
Superintendent Chaplin (voiced by Jack Angel) – An official who supervises schools in the city as seen in "Principal Simmons".[67]
Principal Wartz (voiced by David Wohl) – The strict, yet open-hearted principal of the school. In the episode "Full Moon" Harold, Stinky and Sid mooned him and Principal Wartz didn't see their faces he saw Arnold first and accused him for mooning. Principal Wartz gaved Arnold four weeks detention for not telling him who really did mooned him. Principal Wartz tells Arnold about how his friends put a frog in their teacher's desk. His friends got in big trouble with the teacher and she gaved Principal Wartz a gold star for telling the truth which caused him to be beaten up by his friends and they called him a "Weasle" he didn't even go on a date until he was 23-years-old. Frustrated and impatient, Principal Wartz told Arnold that he was gonna check off the failure to cooperate box on his permanent record. Harold, Stinky and Sid come clean and brokedown crying and Principal Wartz lets Arnold off the hook. In the episode "Suspended" he suspends Wolfgang for misusing the fire extinguisher. Harold decided to get himself suspended so he can take a break from school he calls Principal Wartz a "Stupid Dork" which has him suspended for a week. With his friends in school and nobody to hang out with, Harold comes up with crazy schemes to get back in school but was thwarted by Principal Wartz. Arnold tries to talk some sense into him but Principal Wartz suspenses him for two days. Arnold and Harold decided to copy the schools regulations but tells him that they have the old policy. Harold brokedown crying and begging for forgiveness Principal Wartz accepts his apology and allows him back in school on the condition that he catches up on the work he missed and he also lifts Arnold's suspension.
Dr. Bliss (voiced by Kathy Baker) – A child psychologist who evaluates the students of P.S. 118 for a day and later becomes Helga's psychoanalyst. She is also the second known character that is told by Helga that she loves Arnold.[3] This character only appeared in one episode titled "Helga on the Couch." She became a background character in Hey Arnold!: The Movie.
Miss Felter (voiced by Julia Louis-Dreyfus) – A substitute teacher who was one of Arnold's "crushes." This character only appeared in the episode "Crush on Teacher." In the episode Gerald overheard her talking in the teacher's lounge that she was gonna have dinner with Arnold but it was her fiance who has the same name as him.[4]
Mr. Frank – A sixth-grade teacher, who is quite bored with his job.[68]
Lieutenant Major Goose (voiced by John Garry) – Arnold's teacher for short time (after Miss Slovak and before Mr. Simmons), a martinet.[69] He also was Martin Johanssen's drill sergeant during Vietnam War flashbacks in "Veterans Day" episode.[31]
Lunch Lady (voiced by Kath E. Soucie and Danica Ivancevic) – A woman in charge of the school cafeteria.[22] She is stereotypically brash in appearance, but sensitive to criticism of the cafeteria food.
Mr. Packenham (voiced by Daniel Stern) – A fifth grade teacher. He appears in "What's Opera, Arnold?" when he chaperones Arnold's class trip to the Opera and in "Back to School" when Arnold's grandpa returns to school for a grade school diploma while in fifth grade, during his rapid progress from fourth through to sixth grade.[68][70]
Miss Slovak (voiced by Tress MacNeille) – Arnold's enthusiastic teacher (in the first season and part of the second season). She leaves teaching to pursue a career in golf.[69]
Mr. Robert Simmons (voiced by Dan Butler) – Arnold's sensitive and caring teacher (since the second season). He replaced Miss Slovak. He emphasizes the unique value of every individual in his class, with his constant reminding that "you are all special in your own special way". In the episode "Principal Simmons" he becomes principal at P.S.118 but then when the entire student body started rebelling against him, he and Arnold went to Principal Wartz's house and begged him to come back to the school but also made him promised to not be so tough on the students. Mr. Simmons then went back to being a teacher.[69]
Nurse Shelly (voiced by Mary Gross) – The school nurse, and Sheena's Aunt. She had some speaking parts in some episodes. In the episode "Rhonda's Glasses" she gave Rhonda an eye test and helped her with her motion sickness. In the episode "April Fools Day" she helped Helga with her temporary blindness.
Coach Jack Wittenberg (voiced by James Belushi), the competitive school coach of many sports teams, which he often gets Arnold and his friends to join. He is portrayed as an aggressive and incompetent coach, and as such, is unable to motivate and guide his team properly. With Arnold's help, he is able to lead his team to victory, as in the episode "Synchronized Swimming", and is revealed to have a sensitive and considerate side. He has a poor sense of vocabulary, as he often mispronounces words while confidently verbose. In the episode "Best Man" he asks Arnold to be the best man in his wedding and also had Gerald, Sid and Stinky as his groomsmen.[71]

Tish Wittenberg (voiced by Cathy Moriarty) – Jack's wife who is the coach of the girls' teams. She and Jack often compete with one another. In the episode "Best Man" she asks Helga to be her maid of honor in her wedding.[71]
Tucker Wittenberg (voiced by Grant Gelt) – Jack's son who is a student of PS 118. In the episode Benchwarmer, his dad kept putting him in the game even though he did not think it was fair to his teammates until he stood up to his dad after he benched Arnold and his dad apologized to Tucker and Arnold for his actions. He and his parents made a cameo in The Jungle Movie.[72]

text: Various[edit]

text:
Rex Smythe-Higgins (voiced by Tony Jay) – Grandpa's nemesis from when he was a child, of an esteemed British family, and often shown to have cheated against him in the past

Rex Smythe-Higgins III (voiced by Joey Stinson) – His grandson, and similarly a rival to Arnold. However, unlike their grandfathers, the two have a respect for each other as they shook hands following Arnold winning a boat race which Rex refused to cheat in, and Rex even siding and helping Arnold rescue his pig Abner when his grandfather wanted to eat him.

Dino Spumoni (voiced by Rick Corso in the original series and Wally Wingert in Hey Arnold!: The Jungle Movie) – A famous jazz singer loosely based on the late Frank Sinatra. In the episode " School Dance" he performs at Arnold's school dance but sings a very depressing song which causes Arnold's friends to get angry with him and after having a heart to heart conversation with Arnold in the dressing room he changes his tune by singing an upbeat song and having everyone dancing in the cafeteria where the dance was being held in. In the episode " Dino Checks Out" he fakes his death to have his record sales improve. Later in the episode it is revealed that he lived in Arnold's grandparents boarding house where he use to work as a construction worker and use to perform at night. Later in the episode it is revealed that Dino wears a toupee on his head and had multiple marriages. He's Italian American.
Don Reynolds (voiced by Harvey Korman) – Dino Spumoni's estranged, bitter partner and songwriter.
Mr. Bailey (voiced by Vincent Schiavelli) – A worker of the Hall of Records. His first appearance is in the Christmas special, where Arnold comes to him to help find Mr. Hyunh's daughter, Mai.[73] His second appearance is in the series' feature film, where he helps in trying to find the document of the "Tomato Incident". When he cannot find it, he tells Arnold about a man who keeps all kinds of historic records.[2]
Mayor Dixie (voiced by Tress MacNeille) – The female mayor of Hillwood. In Hey Arnold!: The Movie, she allows Scheck to redevelop Arnold's neighborhood, even though the city council rejected the idea. When she is shown Scheck destroying the document of the "Tomato Incident", she decides to make it a historic landmark once again.[2]
Mrs. Vitello (voiced by Elizabeth Ashley and Kath E. Soucie) – The owner of the neighborhood flower shop. In the episode "Part-Time Friends" She slipped on the floor of her flower shop and hurt her back but then Arnold and Gerald offered to run the flower shop for her while she rested her back.[74]
Councilman Marty Green (voiced by James Keane) – a dedicated butcher and a politician who works at Green Meats.[75] He has two brothers, Dave and Benji, and a son who is a vegetarian. In the episode "Harold the Butcher" Harold steals a ham from his butcher shop and reluctantly has Harold work for him everyday after school for a week until he paid back the ham he tried to steal.[2]
Earl (voiced by Dan Castellaneta and Craig Bartlett) – He runs a passenger ferrying service across the lake to Elk Island, in a row boat. Despite his profession, he reveals that he cannot swim in the episode "Busses Bikes and Subways" He speaks with a suitable pirate accent, given his job, as well as other pirate stereotypes. He is also Sheena's uncle.
Davy Jones (voiced by himself) – Former member of The Monkees. He and his band were shown at the end of the episode "Fishing Trip". When he told the audience that the band will take requests Harold asked him if he knew "Miss Susie Had A Tugboat" and they performed it on stage.[45]
Mickey Kaline (voiced by Ron Perlman) – A retired baseball star and Arnold's favorite player. Arnold caught his final home run ball. After retirement he ran his own baseball-themed restaurant, Mickey's Dog Pound.[76] He is based on two famous baseball players, Mickey Mantle and Al Kaline.
Jimmy Kafka (voiced by Richard Mulligan) – Phil's best friend when they were young kids. Phil often mentions him when he tells Arnold stories of his past exploits. They both have had a bittersweet relationship, based on many disagreements involving competitions and other activities, however deep down they are very close, despite possible continuity errors following season 1's "Part Time Friends" episode in which it is said that he has not spoken to him since falling out working together.
Rabbi Goldberg (voiced by Elliott Gould) – A rabbi who gives Harold advice and guidance. In "Harold the Butcher", Rabbi Goldberg teaches Harold that stealing is wrong,[15] and in "Harold's Bar Mitzvah", Goldberg helps Harold prepare for his Bar Mitzvah.[14]
Alphonse Perrier du von Scheck (voiced by Paul Sorvino) – A greedy developer who plans to tear down the neighborhood so he can build a mall, but is thwarted by Arnold, Helga, and Gerald.[2]
La Sombra (voiced by Alfred Molina) – A Central American treasure hunter and pirate who endeavors to steal a relic called the Corazon from the Green Eyed People and he disguised himself as Eduardo to trick Arnold and the others into luring him to find his parents and help the Green Eyed People. Near the end of The Jungle Movie he falls off a cliff to his death, after a scuffle with Arnold, Helga, Gerald and Eduardo.

Che (voiced by Lane Toran) - A henchman of La Sombra. Helga's older sister Olga develops a crush on him before it's revealed that he works for La Sombra.
Paulo (voiced by Jamil Walker Smith) - A henchman of La Sombra.

Nick Vermicelli (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) – One of Big Bob's business associates, and later an accomplice of Scheck.[2]
Big Gino (voiced by Cameron Van Hoy) – The school's mafia boss and loan shark, who is often shown victimizing students, particularly Sid in "Big Gino" with harassment and threats, when they fail to pay back on time what is loaned. Though often seen in or around P.S 118, he attends P.S 119. Despite his name, due to the irony of his small stature, it is his nickname.
Stoop Kid (voiced by Danny Cooksey) – A teenage boy who lives on a stoop and never leaves it until episode "Stoop Kid", when Arnold coaxes Stoop Kid to finally have the courage to leave his stoop.[77] The only other times Stoop Kid is seen off of his stoop are in the episodes "Arnold Betrays Iggy", where Stoop Kid is seen in the crowd of people near the end of the episode, "Eugene, Eugene!", when he is seen in the audience during the school's musical, and "Cool Party" when he was a guest at Arnold's 'geek' party.[6][55][78]
Campfire Lass (voiced by Francesca Marie Smith) – A young girl who is the head of a junior survivor skills based troop, called the Campfire Lads. She speaks with a Scottish accent, though Arnold thinks it is fake, and is often seen selling various goods to raise money for outings, or visits.
Willie the Jolly Olly Man (voiced by Dan Castellaneta) – The local ice cream man who is most often referred to as the "Jolly Olly Man,"[26] Willie is the driver of an ice cream truck that is frequently seen driving around Arnold's town. Throughout the series, he has been depicted as unfriendly, deranged, depressed, and hated by his employer (who happens to be his father) until "Career Day" when Arnold helped him learn to adapt to the ways of his job and be patient with the children. On at least two occasions in later episodes however, he continues to reveal crazy tendencies. In one episode, he was the umpire at a baseball game Arnold and his friends played against the fifth graders.[76]
Eduardo (voiced by Carlos Alazraqui) – Eduardo is an anthropologist from a fictional Central American Republic of San Lorenzo. He was friends with Arnold's parents, Miles and Stella, and helped them during their expeditions in San Lorenzo. He is the last person to ever talk to Arnold's parents before they disappeared into the dense jungle.[5]
Harvey (voiced by Lou Rawls) –A mail man who delivers mail and seems to occasionally give advice. He dislikes snow. In the episode "Gerald's Tonsills" he cheered Gerald up by telling him the story about his changing voice when he was about to sing in a school concert.[37]
Morrie and Vic (both voiced by John Mariano) – a duo often involved in criminal schemes. They set up a counterfeit penny operation in "Wheezin' Ed", work at an auto shop in "Grandpa's Packard", and are also seen as Oskar's friends in various episodes such as "Arnold as Cupid" and "Baby Oskar", frequently seen playing Poker with him.

text: Animals[edit]

text: Abner (vocal effects provided by Craig Bartlett) – Arnold's pet pig.[79] He was a wedding gift from the Green-eyed People to Miles and Stella from a water basket. Phil wanted to cook Abner but Stella decided to keep the pig as a pet. Abner was mistaken for a girl by Stella, who wanted to name "her" Isabelle. In The Jungle Movie he stowaways in Arnold's backpack on the trip to San Lorenzo. When Arnold, Abner and Gerald get to Eduardo's house they noticed that it was trashed and Abner sensed that something was wrong. When Arnold and the others got kidnapped by La Sombra and his crew, Abner swims to shore and catches an airplane back to Hillwood and tells Phil and Gertrude that Arnold and his friends got kidnapped by La Sombra and were in trouble.


document_title: List of culinary nuts

question_text: 9 letter word for nut grown in iran

question_tokens: 9 letter word for nut grown in iran

root

text: List of culinary nuts

text: True nuts[edit]

text: The following are both culinary and botanical nuts.

tag: p

text:
Acorn (Quercus, Lithocarpus and Cyclobalanopsis spp.), used from ancient times among indigenous peoples of the Americas as a staple food, in particular for making bread and porridge.[8]
Beech (Fagus spp.)

American beech (Fagus grandifolia), used by indigenous peoples of the Americas as food. Several tribes sought stores of beech nuts gathered by chipmunks and deer mice, thus obtaining nuts that were already sorted and shelled.[9]
European beech (Fagus sylvatica), although edible, have never been popular as a source of food. They have been used as animal feed and to extract a popular edible oil.[10]

Breadnut (Brosimum alicastrum), used by the ancient Maya peoples as animal fodder, and as an alternative food when yield of other crops was insufficient.[11]
Candlenut (Aleurites moluccana), used in many South East Asian cuisines.[12]
Chestnuts (Castanea spp.)

Chinese chestnuts (Castanea mollissima), have been eaten in China since ancient times.[13]
Sweet chestnuts (Castanea sativa), unlike most nuts are high in starch and sugar. Extensively grown in Europe and the Himalayas.[14]

Deeknut (Corylus Dikana), grows in hot, excessively dry areas.[15] An occasional garnish used in middle-eastern dishes.
Hazelnuts (Corylus spp.), most commercial varieties of which descend from the European hazelnut (Corylus avellana).[16] Hazelnuts are used to make pralines, in the popular Nutella spread, in liqueurs, and in many other foods.

American hazelnut (Corylus americana), appealing for breeding because of its relative hardiness.[16]
Eastern and western beaked hazel (Corylus cornuta), native to the United States.[17]
Afghan hazelnut (Hircum nuces), a delicacy among the native peoples of Afghanistan and Pakistan.[18]
European hazelnut (Corylus avellana), source of most commercial hazelnuts.[17]
Filbert (Corylus maxima), commonly used as "filler" in mixed nut combinations.[17]
Several other species are edible, but not commercially cultivated to any significant extent. These include the cold-tolerant Siberian hazelnut (C. heterophylla), C. kweichowensis, which grows in the warmer parts of China, C. sieboldiana, which grows in Japan and China, and other minor Corylus species.[16]

Johnstone River almond (Elaeocarpus bancroftii), prized food among northern Indigenous Australians.[19]
Kola nut (Cola spp.), from a West African relative of the cocoa tree, is the origin of the cola flavor in soft drinks.[20]
Kurrajong (Brachychiton spp.), native to Australia, highly regarded as a bush food among northern Indigenous Australians.[21]
Malabar chestnut (Pachira aquatica), have a taste reminiscent of peanuts when raw, and of cashews or European chestnuts (which they strongly resemble) when roasted.[22]
Mongongo (Ricinodendron rautanenii), abundant source of protein among Bushmen in the Kalahari desert.[23] Also of interest as a source of oil for skin care.[24]
Palm nuts (Elaeis guineensis), important famine food among the Himba people in Africa.[25]
Karuka (Pandanus spp.), native to Papua New Guinea. Both the planted and wild species are eaten raw, roasted or boiled, providing food security when other foods are less available.[26]

Planted karuka (Pandanus julianettii), cultivated species, planted by roughly half the rural population of Papua New Guinea.[27]
Wild karuka (Pandanus brosimos), important food source in villages at higher altitudes in New Guinea.[27]

Red bopple nut (Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia), native to the east coast of Australia.[28] Low in fat, high in calcium and potassium. Eaten as bush food. Considered similar, but inferior to the macadamia.
Yellow walnut (Beilschmiedia bancroftii), native to Australia where it served as a staple food among Indigenous Australians.[29]

tag: ul

text: Drupe seeds[edit]

text: A drupe is a fleshy fruit surrounding a stone, or pit, containing a seed. Some of these seeds are culinary nuts as well.

text:
Almonds (Prunus dulcis) have a long and important history of religious, social and cultural significance as a food.[30] Speculated to have originated as a natural hybrid in Central Asia, almonds spread throughout the Middle East in ancient times and thence to Eurasia. The almond is one of only two nuts mentioned in the Bible.[31]
Apricot kernels are sometimes used as an almond substitute, an Apricot seed derived ersatz-Marzipan is known as "Persipan" in German and is extensively used in foods like Stollen.
Australian cashew nut (Semecarpus australiensis) is a source of food for Indigenous Australians of north-eastern Queensland and Australia's Northern Territory.[32]
Betel or areca nuts (Areca catechu) are chewed in many cultures as a psychoactive drug.[33] They are also used in Indian cuisine to make sweet after-dinner treats (mukwa) and breath-fresheners (paan masala).[34]
Borneo tallow nuts (Shorea spp.) are grown in the tropical rain forests of South East Asia, as a source of edible oil.[35]
Canarium spp.

Canarium nut (Canarium harveyi, Canarium indicum, or Canarium commune) has long been an important food source in Melanesia.[36]
Chinese olive (Canarium album) pits are processed before use as an ingredient in Chinese cooking.[37]
Pili nuts (Canarium ovatum) are native to the Philippines, where they have been cultivated for food from ancient times.[38]

Cashews (Anacardium occidentale) grow as a drupe that is attached to the cashew apple, the fruit of the cashew tree.[39] Native to northeastern Brazil, the cashew was introduced to India and East Africa in the sixteenth century, where they remain a major commercial crop. The nut must be roasted to remove the caustic shell oil before being consumed.[40]
Chilean hazel (Gevuina avellana), from an evergreen native to South America, similar in appearance and taste to the hazelnut.[41]
Coconut (Cocos nucifera), used worldwide as a food. The fleshy part of the seed is edible, and used either desiccated or fresh as an ingredient in many foods. The pressed oil from the coconut is used in cooking as well.[42]
Gabon nut (Coula edulis) has a taste comparable to hazelnut or chestnut. It is eaten raw, grilled or boiled.[43]
Hickory (Carya spp.)

Mockernut hickory (Carya tomentosa), named after the heavy hammer (moker in Dutch) required to crack the heavy shell and remove the tasty nutmeat.[44]
Pecans (Carya illinoinensis) are the only major nut tree native to North America.[45] Pecans are eaten as a snack food, and used as an ingredient in baking and other food preparation.
Shagbark hickory (Carya ovata) has over 130 named cultivars. They are a valuable source of food for wildlife, and were eaten by indigenous peoples of the Americas and settlers alike.[46]
Shellbark hickory (Carya laciniosa) nuts are sweet, and are the largest of the hickories. They are also eaten by a wide variety of wildlife.[47]

Irvingia spp. are native to Africa

Bush mango (Irvingia gabonensis) has both edible fruit and an edible nut, which is used as a thickening agent in stews and soups in West African cuisines.[48]
Ogbono nut (Irvingia wombolu) is similar to the bush mango, but the fruit is not edible.[48]

Jack nuts (Artocarpus heterophyllus) are the seeds of the jack fruit. With a taste like chestnuts, they have an extremely low fat content of less than 1%.[49]
Bread Nuts (Artocarpus camansi) similarly have a chesnut taste and very low fat content
Panda oleosa is used in Gabon in a similar way to bush mango nuts, as well as to extract an edible oil.[50]
Pekea nut, or butter-nut of Guiana (Caryocar nuciferum), harvested locally for its highly prized edible oil.[35]
Pistachio (Pistacia vera L.), cultivated for thousands of years, native to West Asia and Asia Minor.[51] It is one of only two nuts mentioned in the Bible.[31]
Walnut (Juglans spp.)

Black walnut (Juglans nigra), also popular as food for wildlife, with an appealing, distinctive flavor. Native of North America.[52]
Butternut (Juglans cinerea) (or white walnut) is native to North America. Used extensively, in the past, by Native American tribes as food.[53]
English walnut (Juglans regia) (or Persian walnut) was introduced to California around 1770. California now represents 99% of US walnut growth.[54] It is often combined with salads, vegetables, fruits or desserts because of its distinctive taste.
Heartnut, or Japanese walnut (Juglans aitlanthifolia), native to Japan, with a characteristic cordate shape.[55] Heartnuts are often toasted or baked, and can be used as a substitute for English walnuts.

text: Nut-like gymnosperm seeds[edit]

text: A gymnosperm, from the Greek gymnospermos (γυμνόσπερμος), meaning "naked seed", is a seed that does not have an enclosure. The following gymnosperms are culinary nuts. All but the ginkgo nut are from evergreens.

text:
Cycads (Macrozamia spp.)[56]

Burrawang nut (Macrozamia communis), a major source of starch for Indigenous Australians around Sydney.[57]

Ginkgo nuts (Ginkgo biloba) are a common ingredient in Chinese cooking. They are starchy, low in fat, protein and calories, but high in vitamin C.[58]
Araucaria spp.

Bunya nut (Araucaria bidwillii) is native to Queensland, Australia. Nuts are the size of walnuts, and rich in starch.[59]
Monkey-puzzle nut (Araucaria araucana) has nuts twice the size of almonds. Rich in starch. Roasted, boiled, eaten raw, or fermented in Chile and Argentina.[59]
Paraná pine nut (Araucaria angustifolia) (or Brazil pine nut) is an edible seed similar to pine nuts.[60]

Pine nuts (Pinus spp.) Pine nuts can be toasted and added to salads and are used as an ingredient in pesto, among other regional uses.

Chilgoza pine (Pinus gerardiana), common in Central Asia. Nuts are used raw, roasted or in confectionery products.[61]
Colorado pinyon (Pinus edulis), in great demand as an edible nut, with average annual production of 454 to 900 tonnes.[62]
Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis), a pine-nut yielding species native to Asia.[63]
Mexican pinyon (Pinus cembroides), found in Mexico and Arizona. Nuts are eaten raw, roasted, or made into flour.[64]
Single-leaf pinyon (Pinus monophylla) grows in foothills from Mexico to Idaho. Eaten as other pine nuts. Also sometimes ground and made into pancakes.[65]
Stone pine, or pignolia nut (Pinus pinea) is the most commercially important pine nut.[63]

text: Nut-like angiosperm seeds[edit]

text: These culinary nuts are seeds contained within a larger fruit.

text:
Brazil nuts (Bertholletia excelsa) are harvested from an estimated 250,000–400,000 trees per year. Highly valued edible nut used in the confectionery and baking trades.[35] Excellent dietary source of selenium.[66]
Macadamia (Macadamia spp.) are primarily produced in Hawaii and Australia. Both species are native to Australia. They are a highly valued edible nut. Waste nuts are commonly used to extract an edible oil.[35]

Macadamia nut (Macadamia tetraphylla) has a rough shell, and is the subject of some commercialization.[67]
Queensland macadamia nut (Macadamia integrifolia) has a smooth shell, and is the principal commercial macadamia nut.[67]

Paradise nut (Lecythis usitata), native to the Amazon rain forest, highly regarded by indigenous tribal people.[68]
Peanut, or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), originally from South America, has grown from a relatively minor crop to one of the most important commercial nut crops, in part due to the work of George Washington Carver at the beginning of the 20th century.[7]
Peanut tree (Sterculia quadrifida) or bush peanut, native to Australia. One of the tastiest native nuts.[citation needed] Requires no preparation.[69][note 1]
Soybeans (Glycine max) are used as a nut, in addition to their use as oil seeds.[70]

text: Production[edit]

text:
2009 worldwide production, in tonnes[71][note 2][note 3]

Nut
Production

Coconuts

61,708,358

Peanuts

36,456,791

Cashew nuts

3,350,929

Almonds

2,361,676

Walnuts

2,282,264

Chestnuts

1,408,329

Betel nuts

1,033,691

Hazelnuts

765,666

Pistachios

633,582

Kola nuts

190,431

Brazil nuts

77,088

Other nuts

830,022

tag: table

text: Currently roughly a dozen nuts are responsible for the bulk of worldwide nut production. The major nut-producing countries for each of the major commercial nuts are:[73]

text:
Almond: Afghanistan, Australia, Chile, Greece, Iran, Israel, Italy, Morocco, Portugal, Spain, Tunisia, Turkey, United States
Cashew: Brazil, China, India, Indonesia, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Mozambique, Nigeria, Tanzania, Thailand, Vietnam, United States
Chestnut: China, Turkey, France, Greece, Hungary, Japan, Korea, Portugal, Spain and, more recently, Australia, Chile, New Zealand, United States
Coconut: Brazil, India, Indonesia, Philippines, Sri Lanka, United States[71]
Hazelnut: France, Greece, Iran, Italy, Russia, Spain, Turkey, United States
Macadamia: Australia, Brazil, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Israel, Malawi, South Africa, Thailand, United States[note 4]
Peanut: Argentina, China, India, Indonesia, Myanmar, Nigeria, Senegal, Sudan, United States, Vietnam
Pecan: Australia, Israel, Mexico, South Africa, United States
Pine nut: China, Italy, Lebanon, Portugal, Spain, Turkey, United States
Pistachio: Iran, United States, China, Syria, Turkey,
Walnut: Argentina, Chile, China, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Iran, Italy, Moldova, North Korea, Turkey, Ukraine, United States, Poland

text: International trade in exported edible nuts is substantial. In 2004, for example, exports amounted to $5.2 billion, with 56% of these exports coming from developing countries.[74]


document_title: Just Add Magic (TV series)

question_text: what does oc stand for in just add magic

text: Just Add Magic (TV series)

text: Premise[edit]

text: Amateur preteen chefs Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah discover an ancient recipe book while searching for Kelly's brother in the attic. The recipes they find inside have strange names like "Shut'em Up Shortcake" and "Healing Hazelnut Tart" and require unusual ingredients, such as "Cedronian vanilla" and "Taurian thyme". When Kelly's brother eats a bite of the shortcake and can no longer talk, the three friends realize they are dealing with magic spells. After Darbie cannot stop talking, they also realize the spells come with a consequence.[6]

text: Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah investigate how the magical recipes work and face the temptations of using magic to help overcome the everyday challenges of being middle school girls. But Kelly has one overriding goal: Find the magical recipe that will fix her grandmother's mysterious illness, even if it means crossing creepy Mamma P or scary Ms. Silvers.[6]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
Olivia Sanabia as Kelly Quinn
Abby Donnelly as Darbie O'Brien
Aubrey Miller as Hannah Parker-Kent
Judah Bellamy as Jake Williams
Catia Ojeda as Terri Quinn
Andrew Burlinson as Scott Quinn
Dee Wallace as Grandma Becky Quinn
Amy Hill as Ida "Mama P" Perez
Ellen Karsten as Ms. Gina Silvers

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Mira Furlan as The Traveler
Zach Callison as Chuck
Jeremy Guskin as RJ

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally released

First released
Last released

1
13
January 15, 2015 (2015-01-15)
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

2
26
13
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)[7]

13[5]
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015–16)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

1
1
"Just Add Magic"
Joe Nussbaum
Nancy Cohen, Joanna Lewis & Kristine Songco
January 15, 2015 (2015-01-15)

Three friends, Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah discover a cookbook in the attic, whose recipes have magical effects. Kelly's grandmother is seemingly confused; she rarely speaks or does anything active, but no one seems to know why.

2
2
"Just Add Brains"
Joe Menendez
Andrew Orenstein
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

The girls make Brain Boosting Bolognese to help with school and to understand the cookbook. But being know-it-alls has an unfortunate downside. The girls learn that the cookbook is seemingly infinite: trying to read through it they never seem to get any nearer to the last page. Also, three pages are torn out and missing, and the cookbook sometimes flips to a page on its own when the girls express their wish to accomplish a specific purpose. The girls learn that Kelly's grandmother, Mama P, and Ms. Silvers were once young friends just like Kelly, Hannah, and Darbie, and that a strange woman named The Traveler gave them the cookbook.

3
3
"Just Add Dogs"
Joe Nussbaum
TBA
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

To find a lost dog, the three friends cook up Lost and Found-ue, but end up attracting everything that has been lost in the neighborhood. The three missing pages from the cookbook float into Kelly's bedroom. One of the items they return is a silver charm bracelet to Ms. Silvers, who says that it has been missing for many years. Later, she opens one of the charms and plants a seed from within it.

4
4
"Just Add Mom"
TBA
John-Paul Nickel
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Wanting more information from Mama P, the girls make Bitter Truth Truffle. However, Kelly's mom eats one first. Kelly goes out with her mom to keep her from causing problems with her truth-telling. Hannah and Darbie both eat a truffle and find that telling the truth to each other isn't so bad, although they agree that without Kelly, they probably wouldn't be friends. Jake comes over, and unable to lie, they tell him all about the book and magic. They make him promise not to tell anyone. They get Mama P to eat a truffle, but before they can ask her anything, she eats a second one, which ends the spell's effect on her. Mama P cooks a spell and tries to leave town, but a mysterious wind prevents her from crossing the town border.

5
5
"Just Add Jake"
Joe Menendez
Lauren Thompson
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Not believing in magic, Jake mentions the cookbook to Mama P, and she steals it. But when she tries to look through it, all the pages go blank. The girls try to convince Jake that magic is real by trying out three random magical recipes on him, so that he'll help them get the cookbook back.

6
6
"Just Add Birthdays"
Elodie Keene
Sarah Carbiener & Erica Rosbe
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Kelly and Hannah make a cake for Darbie when they forget her birthday. They also make cookies with carob chips Mama P gave them several episodes earlier. Those who eat the cookies start acting much younger than normal.

7
7
"Just Add Mama P"
Elodie Keene
Andrew Orenstein
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Convinced Mama P knows more than she's letting on, the girls whip up some Mind Peering Peppermints. They hear nothing suspicious in her thoughts, which leads them to trust her. They try to read Ms. Silvers's mind, and she immediately turns to them and tells them not to try it.

8
8
"Just Add Besties"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Mama P mentors Kelly's magic cooking skills, while Darbie and Hannah try to get a reclusive author's autograph by cooking a spell that makes her their BFF. Mama P makes Kelly organize all the ingredients in her secret room, and then curses her and challenges her to overcome it without resorting to the cookbook. After a false start in which she invents a new spell, she does overcome the curse. The BFF spell works too well, and Darbie and Hannah's attempt to end the spell fails. When they describe what they did, Kelly intuitively knows how to end the spell, and does. Mama P tells Ms. Silvers that Kelly has "the gift" just like her grandmother did, and Ms. Silvers warns Mama P not to make her curse Kelly the way she cursed Mama P.

9
9
"Just Add Do-Overs"
Keith Samples
John-Paul Nickel
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

The girls learn that long ago The Traveler gave Mama P, Ms. Silvers, and grandma each a morbium root seed; morbium makes any recipe a thousand times more powerful. Mama P says hers is long gone, but the girls realize that Ms. Silvers's was in the charm bracelet they returned to her. Hannah takes a piano lesson from Ms. Silvers to try to recover the seed, but things go wrong: Kelly's brother breaks a lamp while under Kelly's care, Darbie's school project goes wrong, and Ms. Silvers catches Hannah and kicks her out.
So the three girls cook up a "do-over" spell that resets time so they can try again. On the third try Darbie's school project is a great success, Kelly realizes that her brother is acting out because he wants to spend time with her, and Hannah finds that Ms. Silvers's charm bracelet is empty, but also finds a scrapbook filled with newspaper clippings about bad things that have happened around town. Mama P tells the girls that it is a listing of the curses Ms. Silvers has enacted.

10
10
"Just Add Memories"
Vanessa Parise
Lauren Thompson
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Grandma, Mama P, and Ms. Silvers all have photos of Chuck Hankins, a boy from when they were young. The girls find that he went missing a long time ago. Kelly cooks a Pho-get Me Not spell to examine her memories of the day her grandmother got sick, hoping to find some clue as to what caused it, but eating the Pho-get Me Not makes her lose time and memories. She sees that her grandmother wanted to talk to her that day, but that she was too busy to talk to her grandmother. She sees that when her grandmother was driving her to a basketball tryout, Ms. Silvers walked up holding a box of ingredients that the girls later found in the attic. Willie Thompson, a man the girls helped previously, tells Hannah that Chuck disappeared from a Ferris Wheel, and that Chuck was dating Ms. Silvers, but that he went out with Grandma. The girls trade notes, and learn that on her last good day, Kelly's grandmother went to the Cedros Forest.

11
11
"Just Add Camping"
Keith Samples
Sarah Carbiener & Erica Rosbe
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

Suspecting a clue to Kelly's grandmother's malady hides deep in the forest, the girls set up a Father/Daughter camping trip. While there they face their fears, and then meet The Traveler, who tells them that magic can heal Kelly's grandmother if they are willing to pay the price. Later, the book flips open to a recipe that can break any curse, but the negative consequences will make things much worse.

12
12
"Just Add Pluots Part 1"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

The girls consult with Mama P about the recipe that will break the curse. At first she says it's too dangerous, but then she suggests that making more and having many people eat the results will dilute the negative consequences over all of them. Hannah gets Kelly grounded by her parents, worried that the magical price will be too high. Kelly escapes grounding by cooking a spell to make Darbie look like her. Hannah and Kelly argue at Mama P's, and Hannah realizes that all the things in the scrapbook would benefit Mama P, not Ms. Silvers. She meets Ms. Silvers and they discuss Mama P's plans. Ms. Silvers reveals that she too is cursed: outside her house, no one can hear her play music.
Darbie tries to stop Mama P, but Mama P locks Darbie in her secret ingredient room and eats the first bite of the magic recipe, so her curse will be broken, rather than Kelly's grandmother's. Kelly goes home and gets yelled at by her mother, but manages to give her grandmother what she thinks is the first bite.

13
13
"Just Add Pluots Part 2"
Joe Nussbaum
Andrew Orenstein
January 14, 2016 (2016-01-14)

In 1965, Rebecca Quinn (Kelly's grandmother) is on the Ferris Wheel with Chuck. He takes a bite of a candy apple, and disappears. The three girls argue. Gina Silvers says the spell was just supposed to keep Chuck away from magic. Ida Perez (Mama P) asks if Rebecca got the Morbium seed back, saying that Chuck stole it. Rebecca promises Gina that they'll get Chuck back.
In the present, Kelly's dad lets Kelly go to the Pluot Festival because they are sending his mother away to New York for treatment and he wants the family to be together. Ms. Silvers shows up at the Pluot festival, but won't get involved and advises Hannah to abandon her friends and run away to avoid the consequences.
Jake and Hannah free Darbie, and mix a magic protection protein shake. At the Pluot Festival, Kelly refuses to drink the shake and pours it out. She gives her grandmother what she thinks is the last bite of the recipe, but it does nothing. Mama P goes on stage and tells off the town. Jake gives Kelly his shake, so she can be protected. Mama P eats the actual last bite, and the entire town freezes in place except for the girls and Mama P – and Ms. Silvers.
The two old women bicker about who is to blame. Mama P and Ms. Silvers tell the girls that Kelly's grandmother isn't innocent either – that after they cursed each other, she threw the book over a waterfall to get rid of it, in effect making their curses permanent. Mama P steals Jake's bike to ride out of town, and Ms. Silvers leaves. The girls consult the book, which opens itself to a blank page, which the girls take to mean they need to create their own spell to break the curse. They go to Mama P's ingredient room and realize that they need the properties of three different ingredient families, but mixing them would modify those properties, so they make a layer cake, with each layer producing its own effect. As they bake, the recipe magically appears in the book, in their handwriting. They name it Last Ditch Layer Cake.
As the girls are about to serve the cake, Ms. Silvers shows up with ground Morbium root and tells the girls she was going to use it to break her own curse, but they need it to strengthen the spell. They express confidence in their work and say they don't need it. They eat the cake, and the town starts up. In addition, Grandma is back to normal and Ms. Silvers plays piano on stage and everyone can hear her.
Grandma tells them that she didn't want Kelly and the girls to be endangered by the book, but The Traveler said that the cookbook was no longer hers to give back, because it belonged to the girls. She tried to get rid of the book, tearing out the three pages, but the spell she cast backfired, and in effect she cursed herself.
Grandma and Ms. Silvers realize that if their curses are broken, Chuck's might be as well, and if he's back, no one is safe. The Ferris Wheel stops, and a young man in a leather jacket with rolled up jeans steps off and walks away through the crowd, unnoticed.

text: Season 2 (2016–18)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original release date

14
1
"Just Add Halloween"
Joe Nussbaum
Andrew Orenstein
October 14, 2016 (2016-10-14)

15
2
"Just Add Summer"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

The Miso Soup spell has no effect, so instead Kelly cooks a "Settle The Beef" spell in an effort to get Chuck to get to them so he can settle his beef with Grandma. However, the spell warns that if the beef is not settled, a bigger problem will arise. Kelly gives the spell to Grandma but after she asks Kelly not to do magic, Kelly does not tell her that the sandwich containing the Settle the Beef was magical. Immediately after eating the sandwich, their neighbor Willie comes over and expresses his anger at Grandma for not inviting her to her wedding. They settle their disagreement. At home, Kelly's mom expresses her anger about Grandma getting the "first ice cream" with Kelly, Darbie asks Grandma not to cheer so much at her basketball games, and Buddy is angry Grandma washed his lucky jersey and claims that is why they lost their most recent game. Later, Grandma is visited by Ms. Silvers who claims she will never forgive Grandma for how she used her Morbium, the magical seed the traveler gave each of them. Then Mama P comes all the way back from her job in Paris and expresses her anger at Grandma as well. She says the only one she regrets her behavior towards is Jake. Kelly realizes the bigger problem in question is the three of them, who just can't seem to be happy. There is a knock on the door, and it opens to reveal Chuck.

16
3
"Just Add Chuck"
Joe Nussbaum
John-Paul Nickel
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

Chuck seems not to remember anything, although the OC's (Original Cooks) refuse to believe anything he says. While they confer, Chuck runs away. Kelly, Darbie, and Hannah cook a trust spell to get Chuck to trust them, but the riddle warns to be sure their "friend needs it more." They help Chuck adjust to modern life, but Kelly loses all of her trust and is suspicious of everything, including Darbie's father's new friend Amy, and Hannah herself. Without her trust she confronts Grandma about how Ms. Silvers claimed she misused her Morbium. The girls manage to restore Kelly's trust, but in doing so bring back some of Chuck's memories. They explain to Grandma that Kelly was under a spell. Grandma claims Chuck stole her Morbium, but the girls realized she was lying.

17
4
"Just Add 1965"
Keith Samples
Lauren Thompson
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

Darbie suspects her parents may be getting back together. The girls use a “If These Walls Could Taco” spell to watch what happened the day the OC's prepared the Can't Recall Caramel and try to figure out why Chuck disappeared. However, everything appears to be normal. The OCs make plans to meet up at a restaurant after the Pluot festival. The girls go there and see them confer about Chuck disappearing. They begin to argue, but bring up nothing suspicious. Later, Darbie uses the spell to see if her parents are truly getting back together but she discovers that they think she's "getting the wrong idea" and that her father is dating Amy, the woman at the park. Darbie is furious and upset. Meanwhile, Chuck saves Buddy from a car, earning Kelly's parents gratitude.

18
5
"Just Add Saphrön"
Keith Samples
Aminta Goyel
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

After Kelly warns him to stay away from her family and the magic cookbook, Chuck manages to create another cookbook using a picture of the girls he obtained from the Quinn attic and begins to alter the original cookbook and steal pages from it to add to his. A new place opens up called The Saphrön, where Darbie, her father and Amy dine for lunch, but Darbie continues to be unhappy about her father and Amy being together. Chuck and Mr. Quinn are also at The Saphrön, prompting Darbie to get Kelly and Hannah over there. Needing something to break her father's trusting Chuck, Kelly looks to a magic spell to spot when someone is lying and asks Hannah to cook. With Ms. Silvers' help, Hannah makes Lemon Lie-m Mints, and though a mint was intended only for Mr. Quinn, Jake and Darbie's father also consume one. Mr. Quinn sees through Chuck's lying, while Darbie's father realizes Amy is untruthful about camping, and Jake, who is looking to work at The Saphrön after deciding to quit Mama P's, is unimpressed with the false objectives laid out by its manager, Noelle. Jake ends up returning to Mama P's but has some working demands.

19
6
"Just Add Fixings"
Joe Nussbaum
Marque Franklin-Williams
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

20
7
"Just Add 8529"
Gregory Guzik
Zachary Panozzo
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

21
8
"Just Add Muscles"
Aprill Winney
Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

22
9
"Just Add Fire"
Aprill Winney
Matt Goldman
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

23
10
"Just Add Meddling"
Lily Mariye
John-Paul Nickel
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

24
11
"Just Add Secrets"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

25
12
"Just Add History"
Joe Nussbaum
Lauren Thompson
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

26
13
"Just Add Rose"
Joe Nussbaum
Andrew Orenstein
January 12, 2017 (2017-01-12)

27
14
"Just Add Fluffy"
Keith Samples
Andrew Orenstein
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

28
15
"Just Add RJ"
Keith Samples
Aminta Goyel
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

29
16
"Just Add Gumdrops"
Adam Weissman
Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

30
17
"Just Add Time"
Aprill Winney
Matt Goldman
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

31
18
"Just Add Telepathy"
Aprill Winney
John-Paul Nickel
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

32
19
"Just Add Attention"
Joe Nussbaum
Luisa Leschin
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

33
20
"Just Add Contagion"
Joe Nussbaum
Lauren Thompson
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

34
21
"Just Add Beginnings"
Vanessa Parise
Aminta Goyel
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

35
22
"Just Add Silvers"
Vanessa Parise
Taylor Cox & Jacquie Walters
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

36
23
"Just Add Barriers"
Keith Samples
John-Paul Nickel
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

37
24
"Just Add Betrayal"
Keith Samples
Luisa Leschin
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

38
25
"Just Add Caroline"
Joe Nussbaum
Lauren Thompson
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]

39
26
"Just Add Spices"
Joe Nussbaum
Andrew Orenstein
January 19, 2018 (2018-01-19)[5]


document_title: List of conflicts in the United States

question_text: when was the last war fought on us soil

question_tokens: when was the last war fought on us soil

text: List of conflicts in the United States

text: 18th century[edit]

text:
1775–1783 American Revolutionary War

1775

Battles of Lexington and Concord
Siege of Boston
Battle of Ticonderoga
Battle of Bunker Hill

1776

Battle of Long Island
Battle of Harlem Heights
Battle of White Plains
Battle of Trenton

1777

Battle of Princeton
Battle of Oriskany
Battle of Bennington
Battle of Brandywine Creek
Battle of Saratoga
Capture of Philadelphia
Battle of Germantown

1778

Battle of Monmouth
Capture of Savannah

1779

Battle of Baton Rouge
Battle of Vincennes

1780

Siege of Charleston
Battle of Camden
Battle of King's Mountain

1781

Surrender of Lord Cornwallis at Yorktown

Battle of Cowpens
Battle of Guilford Court House
Siege of Ninety Six
Siege of Yorktown

1777–1794 Cherokee–American wars
1783–1788 Second Pennamite War between settlers from Connecticut and Pennsylvania in Wyoming Valley of Pennsylvania
1785–1795 Northwest Indian War
1786–1787 Shays' Rebellion
1791–1794 Whiskey Rebellion
1798–1800 Quasi-War, an undeclared naval war with France

text: 19th century[edit]

text:
1804 Battle of Sitka Russian forces defeat the Tlingit in the last major armed conflict between Europeans and Alaska Natives.
1811 Tecumseh's War
1812–1815 War of 1812

1812

Siege of Fort of Mackinac
First Battle of Sackett's Harbor
Battle of Brownstown
Battle of Maguaga
Battle of Fort Dearborn
Siege of Detroit
Siege of Fort Harrison
Siege of Fort Wayne
Battle of the Mississinewa

1813

Battle of Frenchtown
Raid on Elizabethtown
Battle of Ogdensburg
Siege of Fort Meigs
Battle of Sackett's Harbor
Battle of Craney Island
Battle of Fort Stephenson
Battle of St. Michaels
Battle of Lake Erie

The Battle of Lake Erie'

Capture of Fort Niagara

1814

Raid on Fort Oswego
Siege of Prairie du Chien
Battle of Big Sandy Creek
Battle of Mackinac Island
Battle of Bladensburg
Burning of Washington
Raid on Alexandria
Battle of Caulk's Field
Battle of North Point
Battle of Lake Champlain
Battle of Baltimore
Battle of Pensacola (1812)

1815

Battle of New Orleans
Battle of Fort Bowyer

1813–1814 Creek War
1817–1818 First Seminole War
1827 Winnebago War
1831 Nat Turner's Rebellion
1832 Black Hawk War
1835–1842 Second Seminole War
1835–1836 Toledo War (bloodless)
1838 Missouri Mormon War
1838–1839 Aroostook War
1839 Honey War (bloodless)
1841–1842 Dorr War
1845 Milwaukee Bridge War
1846–1848 Mexican–American War

1846 Battle of Palo Alto
1846 Battle of Resaca de la Palma
1846 Occupation of Santa Fe
1846 Battle of Monterey
1846 Siege of Los Angeles
1846 Battle of San Pasqual
1846 Battle of Rio San Gabriel

1848–1855 Cayuse War
1854–1858 Bleeding Kansas
1855–1858 Third Seminole War
1857–1858 Utah War
1859 Pig War
1860 Pyramid Lake War
1861–1865 American Civil War

1861

Battle of Fort Sumter
Battle of Philippi
Battle of Big Bethel
First Battle of Bull Run
Battle of Balls Bluff

1862

Battle of Roanoke Island
Battle of Fort Donelson
Battle of Pea Ridge
Battle of Hampton Roads
Battle of Shiloh
Battle of Island Number 10
Battle of Fair Oaks
Battle of Memphis
Battle of Cross Keys
Battle of Port Republic
Seven Days' Battles
Battle of Baton Rouge
Battle of Cedar Mountain
Second Battle of Bull Run
Battle of Antietam
Battle of Fredericksburg
Battle of Stones River

1863

The Battle of Gettysburg

Battle of Chancellorsville
Siege of Vicksburg
Battle of Gettysburg
Battle of Chickamauga
Battle of Chattanooga
Battle of Knoxville

1864

Battle of Olustee
Battle of the Wilderness
Battle of Spotsylvania
Battle of North Anna
Battle of Cold Harbor
Siege of Petersburg
Battle of the Crater
Battle of Mobile Bay
Siege of Atlanta
Battle of Franklin II
Battle of Nashville

1865

Battle of Natural Bridge
Battle of Bentonville
Battle of Five Forks
Third Battle of Petersburg
Battle of Appomattox Court House

1862 Dakota War of 1862
1863–1865 Colorado War

1864 Sand Creek Massacre

1866–1868 Red Cloud's War
1867–1875 Comanche War
1872–1873 Modoc War
1876–1877 Black Hills War
1877 Nez Percé War
1878 Lincoln County War
1882 Pleasant Valley War
1890–1891 Ghost Dance War
1889–1893 Johnson County War
1878–1900 Colorado Range War
1891–1893 Garza Revolution
1898 Spanish–American War

1898 Battle of Manila Bay
1898 Battle of Yauco
1898 Battle of Guayama
1898 Battle of Coamo

1899–1902 Philippine–American War
1899–1913 Moro Rebellion

text: 20th century[edit]

text:
1914–1918 World War I

1914 A Japanese fleet captured the Mariana Islands from Germany without any loss of life. This is notable as the only land action fought during World War I that took place on what is now U.S. soil (Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands).
1917 The U.S. enters the war.
1918 German submarine SM U-156 attacks the port of Orleans, Massachusetts on July 21, sinking several small vessels, in an action which became known as the Bombardment of Orleans.

1915 Bandit War
1916 Mexican revolutionary Pancho Villa leads a night raid on the New Mexico border town of Columbus.
1941–1945 World War II

1941 Japanese surprise attack on American naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
1942 Bombardment of Fort Stevens, Oregon by Japanese submarine I-25
1942 The Lookout Air Raids by a floatplane from Japanese submarine I-25; incendiary bombs were dropped but did not start a forest fire in Oregon
1941–1945 Mostly during a period known as the "Second Happy Time", numerous American warships and merchant vessels sunk in American territorial waters by German U-boats.
1942–1943 World War II Battle of the Aleutian Islands in Alaska.
1944–1945 Fire balloon bombing of the US by Japanese balloon bombs: six civilians killed, minor damage inflicted.