document_title: List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders

question_text: who is the american league home run leader

text: Key[edit]

text:
Winner(s)
Player(s) with the most home runs (HR) in the league

HR
The winner's home run total

Runner(s)-up
Player(s) with the second-most HRs in the league

2nd HR
The runner-up home run total

League
Denoted only for players outside of the modern major leagues

†
Member of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum

text: American League[edit]

text:
Year
Winner(s)
HR
Team
Runner(s)-up
2nd HR
Ref

1901
Lajoie, NapNap Lajoie†
14
Philadelphia Athletics
Freeman, BuckBuck Freeman
12
[16]

1902
Seybold, SocksSocks Seybold
16
Philadelphia Athletics
Hickman, CharlieCharlie Hickman
Bill Bradley
Buck Freeman
11
[17]

1903
Freeman, BuckBuck Freeman
13
Boston Americans
Hickman, CharlieCharlie Hickman
12
[18]

1904
Davis, HarryHarry Davis
10
Philadelphia Athletics
Murphy, DannyDanny Murphy
Buck Freeman
07c !7
[19]

1905
Davis, HarryHarry Davis
08b !8
Philadelphia Athletics
Stone, GeorgeGeorge Stone
07d !7
[20]

1906
Davis, HarryHarry Davis
12
Philadelphia Athletics
Hickman, CharlieCharlie Hickman
09a !9
[21]

1907
Davis, HarryHarry Davis
08a !8
Philadelphia Athletics
Seybold, SocksSocks Seybold
Danny Hoffman
Ty Cobb†
05 !5
[22]

1908
Crawford, SamSam Crawford†
07b !7
Detroit Tigers
Hinchman, BillBill Hinchman
06b !6
[23]

1909
Cobb, TyTy Cobb†
09b !9
Detroit Tigers
Speaker, TrisTris Speaker†
07a !7
[24]

1910
Stahl, JakeJake Stahl
10
Boston Red Sox
Cobb, TyTy Cobb†
Duffy Lewis
08b !8
[25]

1911
Baker, FrankFrank Baker†
11
Philadelphia Athletics
Speaker, TrisTris Speaker†
Ty Cobb†
08a !8
[26]

1912
Baker, FrankFrank Baker†
Tris Speaker†
10
Philadelphia Athletics
Boston Red Sox
Cobb, TyTy Cobb†
07b !7
[27]

1913
Baker, FrankFrank Baker†
12
Philadelphia Athletics
Crawford, SamSam Crawford†
09b !9
[28]

1914
Baker, FrankFrank Baker†
09a !9
Philadelphia Athletics
Crawford, SamSam Crawford†
08d !8
[29]

1915
Roth, BraggoBraggo Roth
07a !7
Chicago White Sox
Cleveland Indians
Oldring, RubeRube Oldring
06a !6
[30]

1916
Pipp, WallyWally Pipp
12
New York Yankees
Baker, FrankFrank Baker†
10
[31]

1917
Pipp, WallyWally Pipp
09c !9
New York Yankees
Veach, BobbyBobby Veach
08c !8
[32]

1918
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
Tilly Walker
11
Boston Red Sox
Philadelphia Athletics
Baker, FrankFrank Baker†
George Burns
06c !6
[33]

1919
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
29
Boston Red Sox
Walker, TillyTilly Walker
Frank Baker†
George Sisler†
10
[34]

1920
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
54
New York Yankees
Sisler, GeorgeGeorge Sisler†
19
[35]

1921
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
59
New York Yankees
Williams, KenKen Williams
Bob Meusel
24
[36]

1922
Williams, KenKen Williams
39
St. Louis Browns
Walker, TillyTilly Walker
37
[37]

1923
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
41
New York Yankees
Williams, KenKen Williams
29
[38]

1924
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
46
New York Yankees
Hauser, JoeJoe Hauser
27
[39]

1925
Meusel, BobBob Meusel
33
New York Yankees
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
Williams, KenKen Williams
25
[40]

1926
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
47
New York Yankees
Simmons, AlAl Simmons†
19
[41]

1927
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
60
New York Yankees
Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig†
47
[42]

1928
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
54
New York Yankees
Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig†
27
[43]

1929
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
46
New York Yankees
Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig†
35
[44]

1930
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
49
New York Yankees
Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig†
41
[45]

1931
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
Lou Gehrig†
46
New York Yankees
Averill, EarlEarl Averill
32
[46]

1932
Foxx, JimmieJimmie Foxx†
58
Philadelphia Athletics
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
41
[47]

1933
Foxx, JimmieJimmie Foxx†
48
Philadelphia Athletics
Ruth, BabeBabe Ruth†
34
[48]

1934
Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig†
49
New York Yankees
Foxx, JimmieJimmie Foxx†
44
[49]

1935
Greenberg, HankHank Greenberg†
Jimmie Foxx†
36
Detroit Tigers
Philadelphia Athletics
Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig†
30
[50]

1936
Gehrig, LouLou Gehrig†
49
New York Yankees
Trosky, HalHal Trosky
42
[51]

1937
DiMaggio, JoeJoe DiMaggio†
46
New York Yankees
Greenberg, HankHank Greenberg†
40
[52]

1938
Greenberg, HankHank Greenberg†
58
Detroit Tigers
Foxx, JimmieJimmie Foxx†
50
[53]

1939
Foxx, JimmieJimmie Foxx†
35
Boston Red Sox
Greenberg, HankHank Greenberg†
33
[54]

1940
Greenberg, HankHank Greenberg†
41
Detroit Tigers
Foxx, JimmieJimmie Foxx†
36
[55]

1941
Williams, TedTed Williams†
37
Boston Red Sox
Keller, CharlieCharlie Keller
33
[56]

1942
Williams, TedTed Williams†
36
Boston Red Sox
Laabs, ChetChet Laabs
27
[57]

1943
York, RudyRudy York
34
Detroit Tigers
Keller, CharlieCharlie Keller
31
[58]

1944
Etten, NickNick Etten
22
New York Yankees
Stephens, VernVern Stephens
20
[59]

1945
Stephens, VernVern Stephens
24
St. Louis Browns
Cullenbine, RoyRoy Cullenbine
Nick Etten
Rudy York
18
[60]

1946
Greenberg, HankHank Greenberg†
44
Detroit Tigers
Williams, TedTed Williams†
38
[61]

1947
Williams, TedTed Williams†
32
Boston Red Sox
Gordon, JoeJoe Gordon†
29
[62]

1948
DiMaggio, JoeJoe DiMaggio†
39
New York Yankees
Gordon, JoeJoe Gordon†
32
[63]

1949
Williams, TedTed Williams†
43
Boston Red Sox
Stephens, VernVern Stephens
39
[64]

1950
Rosen, AlAl Rosen
37
Cleveland Indians
Dropo, WaltWalt Dropo
34
[65]

1951
Zernial, GusGus Zernial
33
Chicago White Sox
Philadelphia Athletics
Williams, TedTed Williams†
30
[66]

1952
Doby, LarryLarry Doby†
32
Cleveland Indians
Easter, LukeLuke Easter
31
[67]

1953
Rosen, AlAl Rosen
43
Cleveland Indians
Zernial, GusGus Zernial
42
[68]

1954
Doby, LarryLarry Doby†
32
Cleveland Indians
Williams, TedTed Williams†
29
[69]

1955
Mantle, MickeyMickey Mantle†
37
New York Yankees
Zernial, GusGus Zernial
30
[70]

1956
Mantle, MickeyMickey Mantle†
52
New York Yankees
Wertz, VicVic Wertz
32
[71]

1957
Sievers, RoyRoy Sievers
42
Washington Senators
Williams, TedTed Williams†
38
[72]

1958
Mantle, MickeyMickey Mantle†
42
New York Yankees
Colavito, RockyRocky Colavito
41
[73]

1959
Killebrew, HarmonHarmon Killebrew†
Rocky Colavito
42
Washington Senators
Cleveland Indians
Lemon, JimJim Lemon
33
[74]

1960
Mantle, MickeyMickey Mantle†
40
New York Yankees
Maris, RogerRoger Maris
39
[75]

1961
Maris, RogerRoger Maris
61
New York Yankees
Mantle, MickeyMickey Mantle†
54
[76]

1962
Killebrew, HarmonHarmon Killebrew†
48
Minnesota Twins
Cash, NormNorm Cash
39
[77]

1963
Killebrew, HarmonHarmon Killebrew†
45
Minnesota Twins
Stuart, DickDick Stuart
42
[78]

1964
Killebrew, HarmonHarmon Killebrew†
49
Minnesota Twins
Powell, BoogBoog Powell
39
[79]

1965
Conigliaro, TonyTony Conigliaro
32
Boston Red Sox
Cash, NormNorm Cash
30
[80]

1966
Robinson, FrankFrank Robinson†
49
Baltimore Orioles
Killebrew, HarmonHarmon Killebrew†
39
[81]

1967
Yastrzemski, CarlCarl Yastrzemski†
Harmon Killebrew†
44
Boston Red Sox
Minnesota Twins
Howard, FrankFrank Howard
36
[82]

1968
Howard, FrankFrank Howard
44
Washington Senators
Horton, WillieWillie Horton
36
[83]

1969
Killebrew, HarmonHarmon Killebrew†
49
Minnesota Twins
Howard, FrankFrank Howard
48
[84]

1970
Howard, FrankFrank Howard
44
Washington Senators
Killebrew, HarmonHarmon Killebrew†
41
[85]

1971
Melton, BillBill Melton
33
Chicago White Sox
Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson†
Norm Cash
32
[86]

1972
Allen, DickDick Allen
37
Chicago White Sox
Murcer, BobbyBobby Murcer
33
[87]

1973
Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson†
32
Oakland Athletics
Burroughs, JeffJeff Burroughs
Frank Robinson†
30
[88]

1974
Allen, DickDick Allen
32
Chicago White Sox
Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson†
29
[89]

1975
Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson†
George Scott
36
Oakland Athletics
Milwaukee Brewers
Mayberry, JohnJohn Mayberry
34
[90]

1976
Nettles, GraigGraig Nettles
32
New York Yankees
Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson†
Sal Bando
27
[91]

1977
Rice, JimJim Rice†
39
Boston Red Sox
Nettles, GraigGraig Nettles
Bobby Bonds
37
[92]

1978
Rice, JimJim Rice†
46
Boston Red Sox
Hisle, LarryLarry Hisle
Don Baylor
34
[93]

1979
Thomas, GormanGorman Thomas
45
Milwaukee Brewers
Lynn, FredFred Lynn
Jim Rice†
39
[94]

1980
Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson†
Ben Oglivie
41
New York Yankees
Milwaukee Brewers
Thomas, GormanGorman Thomas
38
[95]

1981
Grich, BobbyBobby Grich
Eddie Murray†
Dwight Evans
Tony Armas
22
California Angels
Baltimore Orioles
Boston Red Sox
Oakland Athletics
Thomas, GormanGorman Thomas
Greg Luzinski
21
[96]

1982
Jackson, ReggieReggie Jackson†
Gorman Thomas
39
California Angels
Milwaukee Brewers
Winfield, DaveDave Winfield†
37
[97]

1983
Rice, JimJim Rice†
39
Boston Red Sox
Armas, TonyTony Armas
36
[98]

1984
Armas, TonyTony Armas
43
Boston Red Sox
Kingman, DaveDave Kingman
35
[99]

1985
Evans, DarrellDarrell Evans
40
Detroit Tigers
Fisk, CarltonCarlton Fisk†
37
[100]

1986
Barfield, JesseJesse Barfield
40
Toronto Blue Jays
Kingman, DaveDave Kingman
35
[101]

1987
McGwire, MarkMark McGwire
49
Oakland Athletics
Bell, GeorgeGeorge Bell
47
[102]

1988
Canseco, JoséJosé Canseco
42
Oakland Athletics
McGriff, FredFred McGriff
34
[103]

1989
McGriff, FredFred McGriff
36
Toronto Blue Jays
Carter, JoeJoe Carter
35
[104]

1990
Fielder, CecilCecil Fielder
51
Detroit Tigers
McGwire, MarkMark McGwire
39
[105]

1991
Canseco, JoséJosé Canseco
Cecil Fielder
44
Oakland Athletics
Detroit Tigers
Ripken, Jr., CalCal Ripken, Jr.†
34
[106]

1992
González, JuanJuan González
43
Texas Rangers
McGwire, MarkMark McGwire
42
[107]

1993
González, JuanJuan González
46
Texas Rangers
Griffey, Jr., KenKen Griffey, Jr.†
45
[108]

1994
Griffey, Jr., KenKen Griffey, Jr.†
40
Seattle Mariners
Thomas, FrankFrank Thomas†
38
[109]

1995
Belle, AlbertAlbert Belle
50
Cleveland Indians
Buhner, JayJay Buhner
Frank Thomas†
40
[110]

1996
McGwire, MarkMark McGwire
52
Oakland Athletics
Anderson, BradyBrady Anderson
50
[111]

1997
Griffey, Jr., KenKen Griffey, Jr.†
56
Seattle Mariners
Martinez, TinoTino Martinez
44
[5]

1998
Griffey, Jr., KenKen Griffey, Jr.†
56
Seattle Mariners
Belle, AlbertAlbert Belle
49
[112]

1999
Griffey, Jr., KenKen Griffey, Jr.†
48
Seattle Mariners
Palmeiro, RafaelRafael Palmeiro
47
[113]

2000
Glaus, TroyTroy Glaus
47
Anaheim Angels
Giambi, JasonJason Giambi
Frank Thomas†
43
[114]

2001
Rodriguez, AlexAlex Rodriguez
52
Texas Rangers
Thome, JimJim Thome†
49
[115]

2002
Rodriguez, AlexAlex Rodriguez
57
Texas Rangers
Thome, JimJim Thome†
52
[116]

2003
Rodriguez, AlexAlex Rodriguez
47
Texas Rangers
Delgado, CarlosCarlos Delgado
42
[117]

2004
Ramírez, MannyManny Ramírez
43
Boston Red Sox
Konerko, PaulPaul Konerko
David Ortiz
41
[118]

2005
Rodriguez, AlexAlex Rodriguez
48
New York Yankees
Ortiz, DavidDavid Ortiz
47
[119]

2006
Ortiz, DavidDavid Ortiz
54
Boston Red Sox
Dye, JermaineJermaine Dye
44
[120]

2007
Rodriguez, AlexAlex Rodriguez
54
New York Yankees
Peña, CarlosCarlos Peña
46
[121]

2008
Cabrera, MiguelMiguel Cabrera
37
Detroit Tigers
Quentin, CarlosCarlos Quentin
36
[122]

2009
Peña, CarlosCarlos Peña
Mark Teixeira
39
Tampa Bay Rays
New York Yankees
Bay, JasonJason Bay
Aaron Hill
36
[123]

2010
Bautista, JoséJosé Bautista
54
Toronto Blue Jays
Konerko, PaulPaul Konerko
39
[124]

2011
Bautista, JoséJosé Bautista
43
Toronto Blue Jays
Granderson, CurtisCurtis Granderson
41
[125]

2012
Cabrera, MiguelMiguel Cabrera
44
Detroit Tigers
Granderson, CurtisCurtis Granderson
Hamilton, JoshJosh Hamilton
43
[126]

2013
Davis, ChrisChris Davis
53
Baltimore Orioles
Cabrera, MiguelMiguel Cabrera
44
[127]

2014
Cruz, NelsonNelson Cruz
40
Baltimore Orioles
Carter, ChrisChris Carter
37
[128]

2015
Davis, ChrisChris Davis
47
Baltimore Orioles
Cruz, NelsonNelson Cruz
44
[129]

2016
Trumbo, MarkMark Trumbo
47
Baltimore Orioles
Cruz, NelsonNelson Cruz
43
[130]

2017
Judge, AaronAaron Judge
52
New York Yankees
Davis, KhrisKhris Davis
43
[131]

text: National League[edit]

text:
Year
Winner(s)
HR
Team
Runner(s)-up
2nd HR
Ref

1876
Hall, GeorgeGeorge Hall
05 !5
Philadelphia Athletics (NL)
Jones, CharleyCharley Jones
04 !4
[132]

1877
Pike, LipLip Pike
04 !4
Cincinnati Reds
Shafer, OratorOrator Shafer
03 !3
[133]

1878
Hines, PaulPaul Hines
04 !4
Providence Grays
Jones, CharleyCharley Jones
03 !3
[134]

1879
Jones, CharleyCharley Jones
09 !9
Boston Red Caps
O'Rourke, JimJim O'Rourke†
06 !6
[135]

1880
Stovey, HarryHarry Stovey
Jim O'Rourke†
06 !6
Worcester Ruby Legs
Boston Red Caps
Jones, CharleyCharley Jones
05 !5
[136]

1881
Brouthers, DanDan Brouthers†
08 !8
Buffalo Bisons
Bennett, CharlieCharlie Bennett
07 !7
[137]

1882
Wood, GeorgeGeorge Wood
07 !7
Detroit Wolverines
Muldoon, MikeMike Muldoon
Dan Brouthers†
06 !6
[138]

1883
Ewing, BuckBuck Ewing†
10
New York Giants
Denny, JerryJerry Denny
Joe Hornung
08 !8
[139]

1884
Williamson, NedNed Williamson
27
Chicago White Stockings
Pfeffer, FredFred Pfeffer
25
[140]

1885
Dalrymple, AbnerAbner Dalrymple
11
Chicago White Stockings
Kelly, KingKing Kelly†
09 !9
[141]

1886
Brouthers, DanDan Brouthers†
Hardy Richardson
11
Detroit Wolverines
Anson, CapCap Anson†
10
[142]

1887
O'Brien, BillyBilly O'Brien
19
Washington Nationals
Connor, RogerRoger Connor†
17
[143]

1888
Ryan, JimmyJimmy Ryan
16
Chicago White Stockings
Connor, RogerRoger Connor†
14
[144]

1889
Thompson, SamSam Thompson†
20
Philadelphia Quakers
Denny, JerryJerry Denny
18
[145]

1890
Burns, OysterOyster Burns
Mike Tiernan
Walt Wilmot
13
Brooklyn Bridegrooms
New York Giants
Chicago Colts
Long, HermanHerman Long
08 !8
[146]

1891
Tiernan, MikeMike Tiernan
Harry Stovey
16
New York Giants
Boston Beaneaters
Wilmot, WaltWalt Wilmot
11
[147]

1892
Holliday, BugBug Holliday
13
Cincinnati Reds
Connor, RogerRoger Connor†
12
[148]

1893
Delahanty, EdEd Delahanty†
19
Philadelphia Phillies
Clements, JackJack Clements
17
[149]

1894
Duffy, HughHugh Duffy†
18
Boston Beaneaters
Joyce, BillBill Joyce
Bobby Lowe
17
[150]

1895
Thompson, SamSam Thompson†
18
Philadelphia Phillies
Joyce, BillBill Joyce
17
[151]

1896
Joyce, BillBill Joyce†
Ed Delahanty†
13
Philadelphia Phillies
Washington/New York
Thompson, SamSam Thompson†
12
[152]

1897
Duffy, HughHugh Duffy†
11
Boston Beaneaters
Davis, GeorgeGeorge Davis†
10
[153]

1898
Collins, JimmyJimmy Collins†
15
Boston Beaneaters
Joyce, BillBill Joyce
Honus Wagner†
10
[154]

1899
Freeman, BuckBuck Freeman
25
Washington Senators
Wallace, BobbyBobby Wallace
12
[155]

1900
Long, HermanHerman Long
12
Boston Beaneaters
Flick, ElmerElmer Flick†
11
[156]

1901
Crawford, SamSam Crawford†
16
Cincinnati Reds
Sheckard, JimmyJimmy Sheckard
11
[157]

1902
Leach, TommyTommy Leach
06 !6
Pittsburgh Pirates
Beckley, JakeJake Beckley†
05 !5
[158]

1903
Sheckard, JimmyJimmy Sheckard
09 !9
Brooklyn Superbas
Moran, PatPat Moran
Tommy Leach
Mike Donlin
Sam Mertes
Cy Seymour
Ginger Beaumont
07 !7
[159]

1904
Lumley, HarryHarry Lumley
09 !9
Brooklyn Superbas
Brain, DaveDave Brain
07 !7
[160]

1905
Odwell, FredFred Odwell
09 !9
Cincinnati Reds
Seymour, CyCy Seymour
08 !8
[161]

1906
Jordan, TimTim Jordan
12
Brooklyn Superbas
Lumley, HarryHarry Lumley
09 !9
[162]

1907
Brain, DaveDave Brain
10
Boston Doves
Lumley, HarryHarry Lumley
09 !9
[163]

1908
Jordan, TimTim Jordan
12
Brooklyn Superbas
Wagner, HonusHonus Wagner†
10
[164]

1909
Murray, RedRed Murray
07 !7
New York Giants
Becker, BealsBeals Becker
Tommy Leach
Larry Doyle
06 !6
[165]

1910
Schulte, FrankFrank Schulte
Fred Beck
10
Boston Doves
Chicago Cubs
Daubert, JakeJake Daubert
Larry Doyle
08 !8
[166]

1911
Schulte, FrankFrank Schulte
21
Chicago Cubs
Luderus, FredFred Luderus
16
[167]

1912
Zimmerman, HeinieHeinie Zimmerman
14
Chicago Cubs
Schulte, FrankFrank Schulte
12
[168]

1913
Cravath, GavvyGavvy Cravath
19
Philadelphia Phillies
Luderus, FredFred Luderus
18
[169]

1914
Cravath, GavvyGavvy Cravath
19
Philadelphia Phillies
Saier, VicVic Saier
18
[170]

1915
Cravath, GavvyGavvy Cravath
24
Philadelphia Phillies
Williams, CyCy Williams
13
[171]

1916
Williams, CyCy Williams
Dave Robertson
12
Chicago Cubs
New York Giants
Cravath, GavvyGavvy Cravath
11
[172]

1917
Cravath, GavvyGavvy Cravath
Dave Robertson
12
Philadelphia Phillies
New York Giants
Hornsby, RogersRogers Hornsby†
08 !8
[173]

1918
Cravath, GavvyGavvy Cravath
08 !8
Philadelphia Phillies
Cruise, WaltonWalton Cruise
Cy Williams
06 !6
[174]

1919
Cravath, GavvyGavvy Cravath
12
Philadelphia Phillies
Kauff, BennyBenny Kauff
10
[175]

1920
Williams, CyCy Williams
15
Philadelphia Phillies
Meusel, IrishIrish Meusel
14
[176]

1921
Kelly, GeorgeGeorge Kelly†
23
New York Giants
Hornsby, RogersRogers Hornsby†
21
[177]

1922
Hornsby, RogersRogers Hornsby†
42
St. Louis Cardinals
Williams, CyCy Williams
26
[178]

1923
Williams, CyCy Williams
41
Philadelphia Phillies
Fournier, JackJack Fournier
22
[179]

1924
Fournier, JackJack Fournier
27
Brooklyn Robins
Hornsby, RogersRogers Hornsby†
25
[180]

1925
Hornsby, RogersRogers Hornsby†
39
St. Louis Cardinals
Hartnett, GabbyGabby Hartnett
24
[181]

1926
Wilson, HackHack Wilson†
21
Chicago Cubs
Bottomley, JimJim Bottomley†
19
[182]

1927
Williams, CyCy Williams
Hack Wilson†
30
Chicago Cubs
Philadelphia Phillies
Hornsby, RogersRogers Hornsby†
26
[183]

1928
Wilson, HackHack Wilson†
Jim Bottomley†
31
Chicago Cubs
St. Louis Cardinals
Hafey, ChickChick Hafey
27
[184]

1929
Klein, ChuckChuck Klein†
43
Philadelphia Phillies
Ott, MelMel Ott†
42
[185]

1930
Wilson, HackHack Wilson†
56
Chicago Cubs
Klein, ChuckChuck Klein
40
[186]

1931
Klein, ChuckChuck Klein†
31
Philadelphia Phillies
Ott, MelMel Ott†
29
[187]

1932
Klein, ChuckChuck Klein†
Ott, MelMel Ott†
38
Philadelphia Phillies
New York Giants
Terry, BillBill Terry†
28
[188]

1933
Klein, ChuckChuck Klein†
28
Philadelphia Phillies
Berger, WallyWally Berger
27
[189]

1934
Ott, MelMel Ott†
Ripper Collins
35
New York Giants
St. Louis Cardinals
Berger, WallyWally Berger
34
[190]

1935
Berger, WallyWally Berger
34
Boston Braves
Ott, MelMel Ott†
31
[191]

1936
Ott, MelMel Ott†
33
New York Giants
Camilli, DolphDolph Camilli
28
[192]

1937
Ott, MelMel Ott†
Joe Medwick†
31
New York Giants
St. Louis Cardinals
Camilli, DolphDolph Camilli
27
[193]

1938
Ott, MelMel Ott†
36
New York Giants
Goodman, IvalIval Goodman
30
[194]

1939
Mize, JohnnyJohnny Mize†
28
St. Louis Cardinals
Ott, MelMel Ott†
27
[195]

1940
Mize, JohnnyJohnny Mize†
43
St. Louis Cardinals
Nicholson, BillBill Nicholson
25
[196]

1941
Camilli, DolphDolph Camilli
34
Brooklyn Dodgers
Ott, MelMel Ott†
27
[197]

1942
Ott, MelMel Ott†
30
New York Giants
Camilli, DolphDolph Camilli
Johnny Mize
26
[198]

1943
Nicholson, BillBill Nicholson
29
Chicago Cubs
Ott, MelMel Ott†
18
[199]

1944
Nicholson, BillBill Nicholson
33
Chicago Cubs
Ott, MelMel Ott†
26
[200]

1945
Holmes, TommyTommy Holmes
28
Boston Braves
Workman, ChuckChuck Workman
25
[201]

1946
Kiner, RalphRalph Kiner†
23
Pittsburgh Pirates
Mize, JohnnyJohnny Mize†
22
[202]

1947
Kiner, RalphRalph Kiner†
Johnny Mize†
51
Pittsburgh Pirates
New York Giants
Marshall, WillardWillard Marshall
36
[203]

1948
Kiner, RalphRalph Kiner†
Johnny Mize†
40
Pittsburgh Pirates
New York Giants
Musial, StanStan Musial†
39
[204]

1949
Kiner, RalphRalph Kiner†
54
Pittsburgh Pirates
Musial, StanStan Musial†
36
[205]

1950
Kiner, RalphRalph Kiner†
47
Pittsburgh Pirates
Pafko, AndyAndy Pafko
36
[206]

1951
Kiner, RalphRalph Kiner†
42
Pittsburgh Pirates
Hodges, GilGil Hodges
40
[207]

1952
Kiner, RalphRalph Kiner†
Hank Sauer
37
Pittsburgh Pirates
Chicago Cubs
Hodges, GilGil Hodges
32
[208]

1953
Mathews, EddieEddie Mathews†
47
Milwaukee Braves
Snider, DukeDuke Snider†
42
[209]

1954
Kluszewski, TedTed Kluszewski
49
Cincinnati Reds
Hodges, GilGil Hodges
42
[210]

1955
Mays, WillieWillie Mays†
51
New York Giants
Kluszewski, TedTed Kluszewski
47
[211]

1956
Snider, DukeDuke Snider†
43
Brooklyn Dodgers
Adcock, JoeJoe Adcock
Frank Robinson†
38
[212]

1957
Aaron, HankHank Aaron†
44
Milwaukee Braves
Banks, ErnieErnie Banks†
43
[213]

1958
Banks, ErnieErnie Banks†
47
Chicago Cubs
Thomas, FrankFrank Thomas
35
[214]

1959
Mathews, EddieEddie Mathews†
46
Milwaukee Braves
Banks, ErnieErnie Banks†
45
[215]

1960
Banks, ErnieErnie Banks†
41
Chicago Cubs
Aaron, HankHank Aaron†
40
[216]

1961
Cepeda, OrlandoOrlando Cepeda†
46
San Francisco Giants
Mays, WillieWillie Mays†
40
[217]

1962
Mays, WillieWillie Mays†
49
San Francisco Giants
Aaron, HankHank Aaron†
45
[218]

1963
McCovey, WillieWillie McCovey†
Hank Aaron†
44
San Francisco Giants
Milwaukee Braves
Mays, WillieWillie Mays†
38
[219]

1964
Mays, WillieWillie Mays†
47
San Francisco Giants
Williams, BillyBilly Williams†
33
[220]

1965
Mays, WillieWillie Mays†
52
San Francisco Giants
McCovey, WillieWillie McCovey†
39
[221]

1966
Aaron, HankHank Aaron†
44
Atlanta Braves
Allen, DickDick Allen
40
[222]

1967
Aaron, HankHank Aaron†
39
Atlanta Braves
Wynn, JimJim Wynn
37
[223]

1968
McCovey, WillieWillie McCovey†
36
San Francisco Giants
Allen, DickDick Allen
33
[224]

1969
McCovey, WillieWillie McCovey†
45
San Francisco Giants
Aaron, HankHank Aaron†
44
[225]

1970
Bench, JohnnyJohnny Bench†
45
Cincinnati Reds
Williams, BillyBilly Williams†
42
[226]

1971
Stargell, WillieWillie Stargell†
48
Pittsburgh Pirates
Aaron, HankHank Aaron†
47
[227]

1972
Bench, JohnnyJohnny Bench†
40
Cincinnati Reds
Colbert, NateNate Colbert
38
[228]

1973
Stargell, WillieWillie Stargell†
44
Pittsburgh Pirates
Johnson, DaveyDavey Johnson
43
[229]

1974
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
36
Philadelphia Phillies
Bench, JohnnyJohnny Bench†
33
[230]

1975
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
38
Philadelphia Phillies
Kingman, DaveDave Kingman
36
[231]

1976
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
38
Philadelphia Phillies
Kingman, DaveDave Kingman
37
[232]

1977
Foster, GeorgeGeorge Foster
52
Cincinnati Reds
Burroughs, JeffJeff Burroughs
41
[233]

1978
Foster, GeorgeGeorge Foster
40
Cincinnati Reds
Luzinski, GregGreg Luzinski
35
[234]

1979
Kingman, DaveDave Kingman
48
Chicago Cubs
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
45
[235]

1980
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
48
Philadelphia Phillies
Horner, BobBob Horner
35
[236]

1981
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
31
Philadelphia Phillies
Dawson, AndreAndre Dawson†
24
[237]

1982
Kingman, DaveDave Kingman
37
New York Mets
Murphy, DaleDale Murphy
36
[238]

1983
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
40
Philadelphia Phillies
Murphy, DaleDale Murphy
36
[239]

1984
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
Dale Murphy
36
Philadelphia Phillies
Atlanta Braves
Carter, GaryGary Carter†
27
[240]

1985
Murphy, DaleDale Murphy
37
Atlanta Braves
Parker, DaveDave Parker
34
[241]

1986
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt†
37
Philadelphia Phillies
Davis, GlennGlenn Davis
Dave Parker
31
[242]

1987
Dawson, AndreAndre Dawson†
49
Chicago Cubs
Murphy, DaleDale Murphy
44
[243]

1988
Strawberry, DarrylDarryl Strawberry
39
New York Mets
Davis, GlennGlenn Davis
30
[244]

1989
Mitchell, KevinKevin Mitchell
47
San Francisco Giants
Johnson, HowardHoward Johnson
36
[245]

1990
Sandberg, RyneRyne Sandberg†
40
Chicago Cubs
Strawberry, DarrylDarryl Strawberry
37
[246]

1991
Johnson, HowardHoward Johnson
38
New York Mets
Williams, MattMatt Williams
34
[247]

1992
McGriff, FredFred McGriff
35
San Diego Padres
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds
34
[248]

1993
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds
46
San Francisco Giants
Justice, DavidDavid Justice
40
[249]

1994
Williams, MattMatt Williams
43
San Francisco Giants
Bagwell, JeffJeff Bagwell†
39
[250]

1995
Bichette, DanteDante Bichette
40
Colorado Rockies
Walker, LarryLarry Walker
Sammy Sosa
36
[251]

1996
Galarraga, AndrésAndrés Galarraga
47
Colorado Rockies
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds
Gary Sheffield
42
[252]

1997
Walker, LarryLarry Walker
49
Colorado Rockies
Bagwell, JeffJeff Bagwell†
43
[6]

1998
McGwire, MarkMark McGwire
70
St. Louis Cardinals
Sosa, SammySammy Sosa
66
[253]

1999
McGwire, MarkMark McGwire
65
St. Louis Cardinals
Sosa, SammySammy Sosa
63
[254]

2000
Sosa, SammySammy Sosa
50
Chicago Cubs
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds
49
[255]

2001
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds
73
San Francisco Giants
Sosa, SammySammy Sosa
64
[256]

2002
Sosa, SammySammy Sosa
49
Chicago Cubs
Bonds, BarryBarry Bonds
46
[257]

2003
Thome, JimJim Thome†
47
Philadelphia Phillies
Sexson, RichieRichie Sexson
Barry Bonds
45
[258]

2004
Beltré, AdriánAdrián Beltré
48
Los Angeles Dodgers
Dunn, AdamAdam Dunn
Albert Pujols
46
[259]

2005
Jones, AndruwAndruw Jones
51
Atlanta Braves
Lee, DerrekDerrek Lee
46
[260]

2006
Howard, RyanRyan Howard
58
Philadelphia Phillies
Pujols, AlbertAlbert Pujols
49
[261]

2007
Fielder, PrincePrince Fielder
50
Milwaukee Brewers
Howard, RyanRyan Howard
47
[262]

2008
Howard, RyanRyan Howard
48
Philadelphia Phillies
Dunn, AdamAdam Dunn
40
[263]

2009
Pujols, AlbertAlbert Pujols
47
St. Louis Cardinals
Fielder, PrincePrince Fielder
46
[264]

2010
Pujols, AlbertAlbert Pujols
42
St. Louis Cardinals
Dunn, AdamAdam Dunn
38
[265]

2011
Kemp, MattMatt Kemp
39
Los Angeles Dodgers
Fielder, PrincePrince Fielder
38
[266]

2012
Braun, RyanRyan Braun
41
Milwaukee Brewers
Stanton, GiancarloGiancarlo Stanton
37
[267]

2013
Álvarez, PedroPedro Álvarez
Paul Goldschmidt
36
Pittsburgh Pirates
Arizona Diamondbacks
Bruce, JayJay Bruce
30
[268]

2014
Stanton, GiancarloGiancarlo Stanton
37
Miami Marlins
Rizzo, AnthonyAnthony Rizzo
32
[269]

2015
Arenado, NolanNolan Arenado
Bryce Harper
42
Colorado Rockies
Washington Nationals
González, CarlosCarlos González
40
[270]

2016
Arenado, NolanNolan Arenado
Carter, ChrisChris Carter
41
Colorado Rockies
Milwaukee Brewers
Bryant, KrisKris Bryant
39
[271]

2017
Stanton, GiancarloGiancarlo Stanton
59
Miami Marlins
Bellinger, CodyCody Bellinger
39
[272]

text: Other major leagues[edit]

text:
Year
Winner(s)
HR
Team
League
Runner(s)-up
2nd HR
Ref

1882
Walker, OscarOscar Walker
07 !7
St. Louis Brown Stockings
American Association
Browning, PetePete Browning
05 !5
[273]

1883
Stovey, HarryHarry Stovey
14
Philadelphia Athletics
American Association
Jones, CharleyCharley Jones
10
[274]

1884
Reilly, JohnJohn Reilly†
11
Cincinnati Red Stockings
American Association
Stovey, HarryHarry Stovey
10
[275]

1884
Dunlap, FredFred Dunlap
13
St. Louis Maroons
Union Association
Crane, EdEd Crane
12
[276]

1885
Stovey, HarryHarry Stovey
13
Philadelphia Athletics
American Association
Fennelly, FrankFrank Fennelly
10
[277]

1886
McPhee, BidBid McPhee†
08 !8
Cincinnati Red Stockings
American Association
Stovey, HarryHarry Stovey
Dave Orr
07 !7
[278]

1887
O'Neill, TipTip O'Neill
14
St. Louis Browns
American Association
Reilly, JohnJohn Reilly
10
[279]

1888
Reilly, JohnJohn Reilly
13
Cincinnati Red Stockings
American Association
Stovey, HarryHarry Stovey
09 !9
[280]

1889
Stovey, HarryHarry Stovey
Bug Holliday
19
Cincinnati Red Stockings
Philadelphia Athletics
American Association
Duffee, CharlieCharlie Duffee
16
[281]

1890
Campau, CountCount Campau
09 !9
St. Louis Browns
American Association
Cartwright, EdEd Cartwright
08 !8
[282]

1890
Connor, RogerRoger Connor†
14
New York Giants
Players' League
Richardson, HardyHardy Richardson
13
[283]

1891
Farrell, DukeDuke Farrell
12
Boston Reds
American Association
Milligan, JockoJocko Milligan
Denny Lyons
11
[284]

1914
Zwilling, DutchDutch Zwilling
16
Chicago Chi-Feds
Federal League
Kenworthy, BillBill Kenworthy
15
[285]

1915
Chase, HalHal Chase
17
Buffalo Blues
Federal League
Zwilling, DutchDutch Zwilling
13
[286]


document_title: Sacramento McClellan Airport

question_text: who was mcclellan air force base named after

root

text: Sacramento McClellan Airport

text: History[edit]

text: The air force base was established in 1935. It was named after Major Hezekiah McClellan on 1 December 1939, a pioneer in arctic aeronautical tests. Born in 1894, he died on 25 May 1936 when his Consolidated P-30 which he was flight testing, crashed near Centerville, Ohio.

tag: p

text: Construction of the Pacific Air Depot began in 1935, and the main structures, including administrative buildings, barracks, warehouses and a hospital were completed on 18 April 1938. In 1938 the base was renamed Sacramento Air Depot and underwent a major expansion as a repair and overhaul facility for P-38 and P-39 fighter planes.

text: In December 1941, soon after the attack on Pearl Harbor, P-40s as well as Martin B-26 Marauder and Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress bombers began arriving at the field to be armed and prepared for immediate shipment overseas. In March 1942 Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle's B-25s arrived at McClellan for arming in preparation for their famous Tokyo raid.

text: The base was renamed McClellan Air Force Base in 1948 and its repair and overhaul mission continued throughout the Cold War as an installation of the Air Force Logistics Command (AFLC) and later the Air Force Materiel Command (AFMC), with the overhaul facility being known as the Sacramento Air Logistics Center.

text: Throughout the 1980s and early 1990s, McClellan functioned as the main depot for overhauling the Air Force's F-111, FB-111 and EF-111 aircraft, as well as the Fairchild A-10 Thunderbolt II aircraft. A small contingent of F-111D and F-111F aircraft of the 431st Test and Evaluation Squadron, 57th Fighter Weapons Wing, Nellis AFB, Nevada was also detached to McClellan.

text: Facilities and aircraft[edit]

text: McClellan Airfield has one concrete paved runway (16/34) measuring 10,600 x 150 ft. (3,231 x 46 m). It also has four concrete helipads, all measuring 57 x 57 ft. (17 x 17 m). For the 12-month period ending April 10, 2004, the airport had 10,000 aircraft operations, an average of 27 per day: 40% military, 40% air taxi and 20% general aviation. There are 84 aircraft based at this airport: 4% single-engine, 64% multi-engine, 23% jet and 5% helicopter and 5% military.[1]

text: The Aerospace Museum of California occupies a site at the north of the airfield.


document_title: North and South (miniseries)

question_text: who played abe lincoln in north and south

text: North and South (miniseries)

text: Cast[edit]

text: The initial 1985 miniseries cast Patrick Swayze as Orry Main and James Read as George Hazard with Lesley-Anne Down as Orry's love interest Madeline and Wendy Kilbourne as George's future wife Constance.[8] Kirstie Alley played George's outspoken abolitionist sister Virgilia, with Genie Francis as Orry's "good" sister Brett and Terri Garber as his selfish and wicked sister Ashton, as well as Philip Casnoff as Elkanah Bent, George and Orry's nemesis.[8] All of these actors returned for the 1986 sequel, joined by Parker Stevenson as Billy Hazard, George's brother and Brett's husband.[9]

text: North and South (1985) also featured many well-known actors as guest stars, including Elizabeth Taylor as bordello proprietor Madam Conti, David Carradine as the sadistic Justin LaMotte, Hal Holbrook as Abraham Lincoln, Gene Kelly as Bent's father Senator Charles Edwards, Robert Mitchum as Colonel Patrick Flynn, M.D., Johnny Cash as abolitionist John Brown, Jean Simmons as Orry's mother Clarissa Main, Mitchell Ryan as Orry's father Tillet Main, John Anderson as George's father William Hazard, Jonathan Frakes as George's older brother Stanley Hazard, Inga Swenson as George's mother Maude Hazard, Robert Guillaume as abolitionist Frederick Douglass, Morgan Fairchild as Burdetta Halloran, David Ogden Stiers as Congressman Sam Greene, and Olivia Cole as Madeline's devoted but doomed servant Maum Sally.[8] John Jakes' wife Rachel also made an appearance in Episode 6 as Lincoln's wife Mary. North and South: Book II (1986) saw the return of Carradine as LaMotte, Holbrook as Lincoln, and Stiers as Congressman Greene, as well as new guests Lloyd Bridges as Jefferson Davis, Anthony Zerbe as Ulysses S. Grant, Nancy Marchand as Dorothea Dix, James Stewart as Miles Colbert, Wayne Newton as Captain Thomas Turner, and William Schallert as Robert E. Lee,[9] with Linda Evans as Rose Sinclair and Olivia de Havilland as Mrs. Neal. 1994's Heaven and Hell featured Peter O'Toole as "louche actor" Sam Trump[10] and Billy Dee Williams as Francis Cardozo.

text: Filming of the miniseries resulted in four marriages among the cast and crew. Read and Kilbourne, who played opposite each other, married in 1988 and now have two children. Frakes and Francis, who had previously played opposite each other on the failed NBC soap Bare Essence, also married in 1988. Lesley-Anne Down married assistant cameraman Don E. FauntLeRoy in 1986. They met during filming of Book I when both were married to other people, and eventually obtained divorces.[11] Garber married screenwriter Chris Hager, whom she met in 1985 when he worked as a grip on the set of North and South: Book II. They had a daughter, Molly, in 1986, and later divorced.[12]

text:
Character
North and South
1985
North and South: Book II
1986
Heaven and Hell:
North and South Book III
1994

Orry Main
Patrick Swayze
Patrick Swayze (archive/uncredited)

George Hazard
James Read

Madeline Fabray
Lesley-Anne Down

Constance Flynn
Wendy Kilbourne

Virgilia Hazard
Kirstie Alley
–

Ashton Main
   Young Ashton
   Young Ashton
Terri Garber
Temi Epstein (Ep. 1)
Stephanie Jolluck (Ep. 2)
Terri Garber
Terri Garber

Brett Main
   Young Brett
   Young Brett
Genie Francis
Nikki Creswell (Ep. 1)
Melissa Manley (Ep. 2)
Genie Francis
Genie Francis

Elkanah Bent
Philip Casnoff

Charles Main
Lewis Smith
Kyle Chandler

Billy Hazard
   Young Billy
John Stockwell
Cary Guffey (Ep. 1)
Parker Stevenson

Stanley Hazard
Jonathan Frakes

Isabel Truscott Hazard
Wendy Fulton
Mary Crosby
Deborah Rush

Justin LaMotte
David Carradine
–

Clarissa Gault Main
Jean Simmons
–

Maude Hazard
Inga Swenson
–

Burdetta Halloran
Morgan Fairchild
–

Congressman Sam Greene
David Ogden Stiers
–

James Huntoon
Jim Metzler
–

Salem Jones
Tony Frank
–

Priam
David Harris
–

Semiramis
Erica Gimpel
–

Cuffey
Forest Whitaker
–

Ned Fisk
Andrew Stahl
–

Maum Sally
Olivia Cole

Madam Conti
Elizabeth Taylor

Garrison Grady
Georg Stanford Brown

Tillet Main
Mitchell Ryan

William Hazard
John Anderson

Ironworker
Ray Spruell

Barman
Ronnie Stutes

Augusta Barclay

Kate McNeil

Rafe Baudeen

Lee Horsley

Miles Colbert

James Stewart

Mrs. Neal

Olivia de Havilland

Rose Sinclair

Linda Evans

Captain Thomas Turner

Wayne Newton

Ezra

Beau Billingslea

Lt. Rudy Bodford

Michael Dudikoff

Lt. Stephen Kent

Whip Hubley

Hope Hazard
uncredited
Jennifer and Michele Steffin
Mary Elizabeth McCae

Sam Trump

Peter O'Toole

Willa Parker

Rya Kihlstedt

Prudence Chaffee

Mariette Hartley

Adolphus

Rip Torn

Cooper Main

Robert Wagner

Judith Stafford Main

Cathy Lee Crosby

Will Fenway

Tom Noonan

Gus Main

uncredited
Cameron Finley

Scar

Gregory Zaragoza

Running Wolf

Ted Thin Elk

Gettys LaMotte

Cliff De Young

Jack Quinlan

Woody Watson

Isaac

Stan Shaw

Jane

Sharon Washington

Historical figures

Person
Book I
1985
Book II
1986
Book III
1994

Abraham Lincoln
Hal Holbrook

Mary Todd Lincoln
Rachel Jakes (uncredited)

Ulysses S. Grant
Mark Moses
Anthony Zerbe
Rutherford Cravens

Frederick Douglass
Robert Guillaume

John Brown
Johnny Cash

George B. McClellan
Chris Douridas

George Pickett
Cody W. Hampton

Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
William Preston Daly

Hiram Berdan

Kurtwood Smith

Jefferson Davis

Lloyd Bridges

Robert E. Lee

William Schallert

Dorothea Dix

Nancy Marchand

Francis Cardozo

Billy Dee Williams

Major Anderson
James Rebhorn

tag: table

text: Crew[edit]

text: North and South (1985) was directed by Richard T. Heffron, from a script adaptation by Patricia Green, Douglas Heyes, Paul F. Edwards, and Kathleen A. Shelley. It was produced by David L. Wolper, Paul Freeman, Rob Harland, and Chuck McLain, with music by Bill Conti and Stevan Larner as cinematographer. Wolper also produced 1986's North and South: Book II with his son Mark Wolper, as well as Stephanie Austin and Robert Papazian. Conti returned as composer, with Kevin Connor directing, Jacques R. Marquette as cinematographer, and a script by Heyes and Richard Fielder. Heaven and Hell: North and South Book III (1994) was directed by Larry Peerce from a script by Suzanne Clauser. Hal Galli produced the miniseries, with music by David Bell and Don E. FauntLeRoy as cinematographer.

text: Plot[edit]

text: Book I: North and South[edit]

text:
Episode 1 (summer 1842 - summer 1844) - Young Southerner Orry Main, the firstborn son of a wealthy South Carolina plantation owner, decides to go to West Point. On his way to the train station, he rescues and falls in love with the beautiful French-Creole southern belle from New Orleans, Madeline Fabray. In New York City, Orry meets Northerner George Hazard, the second son of a wealthy Pennsylvania steel-factory owner, who is also on his way to West Point. They quickly become close friends. At the Academy, they meet classmates George Pickett, George McClellan, Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson and a senior student named Ulysses Grant. They also meet the amoral egomaniac Elkanah Bent, a fellow cadet from Georgia. Bent is a handsome, smooth-talking man who hides his evil, twisted nature beneath his charm and good looks. He takes an instant dislike to Orry and George and uses his status as their drillmaster to constantly harass them. Orry constantly writes letters to Madeline, although it seems that she has not been responding to him. After two years of training, the men return home for a summer leave. George's sister, Virgilia, is a passionate abolitionist and immediately takes a dislike to Orry when she finds out that his family keeps slaves. While at home, Orry is devastated to learn that Madeline is getting married to his cruel neighbor, plantation owner Justin LaMotte. Orry has an argument with his father over the hiring of the brutal and sadistic Salem Jones as the plantation's overseer. Orry stops Jones from using a bullwhip to "punish" one of the slaves, sparking a tense relationship between the two. After Orry witnesses Madeline's marriage, they privately speak to each other afterwards and find out that Madeline's father has been hiding Orry's letters to ensure that she would marry Justin. That night, Justin hits and rapes Madeline, leaving her broken.
Episode 2 (autumn 1844 - spring 1848) - Bent continues his cruelty towards George, Orry, and their friends. The men, with some help from other cadets, arrange for Bent to be caught with a prostitute and he is forced to leave the Academy. When Bent learns that Orry and George were involved, he vows revenge. George and Orry graduate from West Point. They leave to fight in the Mexican War. During the Battle of Churubusco, Bent, who has blackmailed his father in order to obtain a superior rank, orders George and Orry to lead a suicidal charge against the Mexican forces. Both men survive, but Orry is shot in his left leg and permanently crippled. Meanwhile, George meets Constance Flynn, the Irish Catholic daughter of an Army surgeon, and falls in love. They plan to marry. Orry drowns his sorrows in alcoholism. With the Mexican War over, George quits the army, finds Bent, and beats him, threatening to kill him if he ever tries to harm him or Orry again. Traumatized by his injuries, Orry temporarily becomes a recluse. When Madeline helps Priam, one of Orry's slaves, escape, one of the other slaves gets whipped for helping Priam.
Episode 3 (spring 1848 - summer 1854) George gets married to Constance and Orry is his best man. Orry and Madeline become secret lovers. A terrible fire erupts at Hazard Iron and kills many of the workers due to George's older brother, Stanley, making a greedy decision. All authority over Hazard Iron is handed to George, greatly displeasing Stanley and his wife, Isabel. Orry's father dies, leaving Orry to inherit the family plantation. His first act is to fire the brutal Salem Jones as overseer. Jones vows revenge. Orry's cousin Charles, who does not have good relations with the Main family, is challenged to a pistol duel in a dispute over an engaged woman. Orry, as Charles' second, begrudgingly helps Charles to survive the duel and they become close. The Mains visit the Hazards in Pennsylvania. Billy and Charles plan to attend West Point together, just as Orry and George did. Orry's sister Ashton purposely courts George's younger brother Billy, whom Brett has come to fancy. Orry and George begin a partnership cotton mill at Orry's plantation in South Carolina; they do so on George's condition that Orry not use slave labor in the mill. Virgilia is furious that her family has allowed slave owners into their house and tries to humiliate them, angering the rest of her family.
Episode 4 (summer 1854 - autumn 1856) - The Hazards visit the Mains in South Carolina. Billy discovers how selfish and seductive Ashton can be and falls in love with Ashton's younger and kinder sister, Brett, much to Ashton's jealousy. George's sister Virgilia enters a passionate relationship with Grady, the proud and aggressive coachman of James Huntoon, an ambitious but easily manipulated South Carolina politician, who is also a strong suitor of Ashton, and helps Grady escape from slavery. Ashton, however, becomes aware of Virgilia's involvement and informs James, as well as announcing it in the Hazard family's presence. On his deathbed, Madeline's father tells her that her maternal great-grandmother was black. Billy and Charles graduate from West Point, and both families attend the graduation. Ashton sleeps with many of Billy's friends, still bitter over his rejection and attraction to Brett, which Charles is furious to discover, but keeps secret for the family's sake. Ashton gets pregnant and begs Madeline for help, who takes her to a local midwife to perform a secret abortion. When Madeline lies to Justin about where she was when she was away helping Ashton, he beats Madeline, locks her in a spare bedroom to starve, and kills Maum Sally for trying to help Madeline escape.
Episode 5 (spring 1857 - November 1860) - Madeline is drugged by Justin into becoming robotic and submissive and disappears from society, even forgetting her love for Orry. Ashton marries James Huntoon, though she doesn't plan on being a committed wife. Elkanah Bent befriends James Huntoon, and subtly interrogates him at a brothel about the people in his wedding picture, including Orry, Ashton, and Madeline. Bent recognizes the resemblance between Madeline and the painting of a former popular prostitute that worked there. Orry visits George, but Virgilia's views cause a serious argument to ensue over the issue of slavery. Orry does not want Brett to marry Billy because of the growing tensions between the North and South. Virgilia and Grady both join abolitionist leader John Brown. In 1859, Brown makes his famous raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia, to arm and free the slaves there. The U.S. Army stops the raid, Virgilia's husband Grady and Priam are killed, and Brown is captured. Virgilia escapes, but is more bitter than ever towards Southerners. Abraham Lincoln is elected President; several Southern states make plans to secede from the U.S. and establish themselves as a separate nation.
Episode 6 (November 6, 1860 - April 1861) - Having argued with Orry, now a bitter drunk, Brett has fled to Ashton's house in Charleston and runs into Billy, who is stationed at Fort Sumter. Ashton, however, still holds a grudge against Billy and conspires with Justin's nephew and her lover, Forbes LaMotte, to harm them both. George visits Orry and the two apologize to each other after years of estrangement. Orry gives Brett his blessing to marry Billy. South Carolina secedes from the Union, infuriating Orry. Ashton schemes to have Billy killed, partly out of jealousy, and partly because Billy is now a "Yankee" enemy in the eyes of the South. She fails, however, due to a drugged Madeline, who overhears Justin and Forbes discussing it. Her memories come back and she runs to inform Orry after fending off Justin. After stopping Billy and Brett on their way to the train station, Forbes provokes Billy into a rigged pistol duel, which turns into a full-fledged fight after Charles and Orry arrive, resulting in Forbes' death. Orry is enraged at Ashton and disowns her, with her vowing revenge. Justin comes looking for Madeline, as she has taken refuge with Orry at Mont Royal, but is forced to leave with a warning. Now off the drugs and with her memories returned, Madeline plans to divorce Justin and marry Orry. Orry visits the Hazard mansion near Philadelphia to give George his part of their cotton mill money. When he arrives, Orry discovers that George and Constance now have a baby girl named Hope. Virgilia finds out that Orry is present and tries to have him killed by forming a lynch mob which threatens the Hazard estate; the mob's leaders demand that George hand Orry over to them, leaving little doubt that their intentions are to kill him. George and Orry face off against the mob with shotguns and Orry boards a train to return to South Carolina. The two friends part, unsure if they will ever see each other again. The Civil War begins.

tag: ul

text: Book II: Love and War[edit]

text:
Episode 1 (June 1861 - July 21, 1861) - Orry and Charles, now officers in the Confederate Army, leave the Main family plantation for the war in Virginia. Orry, despite having been against secession, becomes a general and military aide to Confederate President Jefferson Davis in the Confederate capital of Richmond. Meanwhile, George and Billy are in Washington, D.C., where they are officers in the U.S. Army. Billy joins the U.S. Sharpshooters regiment, while George becomes a military aide to U.S. President Abraham Lincoln. Charles, a Confederate cavalry officer, meets Augusta Barclay, a Virginia belle who smuggles medicine for the southern soldiers. Virgilia wants to work as a nurse at a Washington, D.C. military hospital and asks Congressman Sam Greene, a fellow abolitionist, for help. Orry's cruel and manipulative sister Ashton meets her match in Elkanah Bent, who sees the Civil War as a great way to get rich by smuggling forbidden luxury goods through the U.S. Navy blockade of the South. Bent and Ashton quickly become lovers, while Ashton's politician husband, James Huntoon, is unaware of his wife's adultery. With Orry and Charles gone to war, Justin kidnaps Madeline from the Main family plantation and burns the cotton barn; Orry's mother is injured trying to stop the fire. The First Battle of Bull Run takes place with George and Constance getting caught up in the panicked aftermath as they reluctantly watch from a distance. The South is the winner.
Episode 2 (July 1861 - summer 1862) - Hearing about her mother's injury, Brett and one of the Main household servants, Semiramis, make the dangerous trip from Washington, D.C. to the Main plantation in South Carolina. Along the way, Semiramis is captured by Union soldiers, but rescued by Brett. Orry leaves Richmond and returns to South Carolina as well; he finds Madeline at Justin's plantation and kills Justin in a fight. Orry and Madeline finally get married. Orry discovers Bent's illegal smuggling enterprise and stops it by capturing Bent's blockade runners, arresting his men, and destroying most of his merchandise. Bent and Ashton vow revenge. Meanwhile, in Pennsylvania, George's older brother Stanley takes over the family's steel factories. His greedy wife Isabel talks him into profiteering from the war by using cheap, low-grade iron to make cannons for the U.S. Army; the cannons often explode and kill Northern soldiers. They forge George's name on the documents, in case the cannons are traced back to Hazard Iron.
Episode 3 (September 17, 1862 - spring 1864) - At the bloody battle of Antietam, Charles and Billy nearly kill each other, but each allows the other to escape. Charles's friend Ambrose is killed in the battle by one of the poor-quality cannons made by Hazard Iron. Afterwards, President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation frees the slaves in the rebel Southern states. Most of the slaves leave the Main plantation in South Carolina, but a few remain. Ashton visits her family's plantation, supposedly to see her recovering mother and sister Brett, but in reality to carry out Bent's revenge against Orry. Ashton tells Madeline that she knows that Madeline's mother was a high-priced, part-black prostitute in New Orleans, and that, unless Madeline leaves Orry with no explanation, she will reveal this secret and ruin Orry's public reputation. Madeline flees to Charleston where she is befriended by a suave gambler Rafe Baudeen and begins working for the city's poor and orphans who are suffering from the war. Meanwhile, Bent — who has become increasingly psychotic and unstable — begins planning to assassinate Confederate President Jefferson Davis and become the dictator of the South. Following the Union victory at the Battle of Gettysburg, Billy, sick of not having seen his wife Brett for nearly two years, goes AWOL from the U.S. Army and makes his way to South Carolina, where he and Brett spend some time together. Ashton discovers Billy's presence and goes to tell the local authorities, but Billy is saved when Brett threatens her sister with a pitchfork long enough for Billy to escape.
Episode 4 (May 1864 - late autumn 1864) - When Billy returns to his regiment, his commanding officer threatens to court-martial and execute him if he ever leaves again. Billy is also placed in harm's way by being put in charge of the regiment's skirmishers. George is captured in a raid by Southern forces and taken to the dreaded Libby Prison in Richmond, where he is tortured by Captain Turner, the prison's psychotic commandant. Orry is shot and taken to the hospital where Virgilia works; despite her hatred of Southerners, she helps him recover and looks the other way allowing him to escape. Later, Virgilia is accused of allowing a wounded Southern soldier to die and is fired from the hospital. In a fit of rage, Virgilia pushes the elderly chief nurse Mrs. Neal causing her to lose her balance and tumble to the floor. Believing Mrs. Neal to be dead, Virgilia panics and flees the hospital. Desperate for money and a hiding place, she goes to Congressman Greene for help. He gives her money and protection in exchange for sex. Charles saves Augusta from being raped by Northern soldiers at her farm in Virginia, and the two become lovers.
Episode 5 (December 1864 - February 1865) - The war has turned against the South. Orry and Charles save George from Libby Prison, kill Turner in a fight, and allow George to return to the North. Madeline helps starving people in Charleston. Returning home, George learns of his brother and sister-in-law's illegal business schemes to use cheap iron to build cannon. He forces Stanley and Isabel to admit guilt. Bent tries to kill Madeline in Charleston, but she is rescued by her gambler friend Rafe, who saves Madeline but is fatally shot by Bent. Bent enlists James Huntoon for help in his plot to overthrow the Confederate government. Although he is still oblivious to Bent's and Ashton's affair, Huntoon acts as a double agent gathering intelligence on the planned coup d'état and reporting the activities to Jefferson Davis. The Confederate President orders Orry to squash the planned revolution. In a final fight, Orry and Huntoon attack Bent's hideout near Richmond. Bent is (apparently) killed when the ammunition he was hiding in a barn explodes. Ashton confesses her affair to James, conspiring to have Billy killed, her past abortion, and tells Orry that she helped Bent drive Madeline away. Orry disowns Ashton and tells Huntoon that he never wants to see his sister again. Ashton begs Huntoon's forgiveness, but he tells her that it is too late.
Episode 6 (March 1865 - April 1865) - The fighting ends with a Northern victory. Orry and George lead troops against each other in the last major battle at Petersburg; Orry is wounded. Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrenders his army to U.S. Army General Ulysses Grant. With the war over, Charles goes to Augusta's farm and finds that she has died giving birth to his child, a son. He goes to Charleston and gets his child from Augusta's uncle's wife. Billy also quits the army and reunites with Brett at her family's plantation. Congressman Greene ends his affair with Virgilia, which he thinks detrimental to his political career. Virgilia learns that Greene had been lying to her about the seriousness of the charges and using Virgilia's dependence for his own gratification. She murders the congressman and is sentenced to death by hanging. She and George have a tearful farewell before her execution. George learns that Orry is wounded and searches for him, finally finding him in a Union hospital. Their reunion is spoiled when both learn that President Lincoln has been shot. George helps Orry find Madeline, who reveals that Orry is now the father of their son. Orry, Madeline, their baby, and George all set out for the Main plantation. Salem Jones, the cruel former overseer of the Main plantation, joins with one of the Main's former slaves, Cuffey, in an attack on the Main plantation; they burn the mansion before being killed or driven off by Charles, Billy, and Ezra, a former slave who is engaged to marry Semiramis. Orry, George, and Madeline arrive, with the former two helping to fend off the last of the attackers. Οrry's mother is killed in the attack by Cuffey while trying to prevent Semiramis' rape, but Cuffey is shot dead by Charles, while Salem Jones is shot dead by Brett when he is about to shoot Billy. Orry and George pledge to renew their family's friendship, and George agrees to help Orry rebuild his plantation home by reopening the cotton mill and letting Orry take the profits.

text: Book III: Heaven and Hell[edit]

text:
Episode 1 (summer 1865 - autumn 1865) - Elkanah Bent, having survived the explosion of his hidden ammunition depot near Richmond, becomes obsessed with getting his "final revenge" on Orry and George, whom he blames for his failures in life. He begins his revenge by going to Richmond and murdering Orry Main with a single stab wound. Furious, Ashton tries unsuccessfully to kill Bent; she then moves to the West to start a new life. Heartbroken at Orry's death, Madeline tries to rebuild the Main family mansion at Mont Royal and helps local freed slaves, to the disapproval of most of her white neighbors. After learning of Orry's death, George goes to Mont Royal and helps Madeline. Charles Main, now a corporal in the U.S. Cavalry in the Old West, meets and romances Willa Parker. Ashton begins working as a prostitute in Santa Fe; her goal is to earn enough money to buy Mont Royal. Carrying out the next part of his plan of revenge, Bent goes to the Hazard mansion near Philadelphia and murders George's wife Constance.
Episode 2 (autumn 1865 - spring 1866) - Devastated by news of his wife's murder, George begins searching for Bent to exact justice. Cooper Main, Orry's older brother, becomes a member of the Ku Klux Klan and begins working to undermine his sister-in-law Madeline's efforts to help local blacks. Isabel, George's greedy sister-in-law, wants to buy Mont Royal and evict the Main family. Charles continues to work as a cavalryman in the Old West, and continues to romance Willa. Realizing that she cannot stand against Cooper and Isabel alone, Madeline asks George for help. Charles helps to form a unit of buffalo soldiers. Cavalrymen massacre a Cheyenne village.
Episode 3 (spring 1866 - spring/summer 1866) - George arrives at Mont Royal to help Madeline, and they fall in love. Carrying out the final part of his revenge, Bent kidnaps Charles and Augusta's son Gus. When George learns of this, he goes West and finds Charles. Together the two men rescue Gus, hunt down Bent, and hang him. The hanging ends the personal war between Bent and the Main and Hazard families avenging the deaths of Orry and Constance. When Ashton finally gets home, she weeps when she sees that Mont Royal has been burned. George and Charles return to Mont Royal to help Madeline and the freed slaves defeat the Ku Klux Klan. Cooper takes Madeline during the fight, and George rides after to save her. When Cooper is told by Gettys LaMotte to kill both Madeline and George, he refuses. Gettys LaMotte shoots Cooper and George kills Gettys. Charles says his goodbyes before returning to Willa and Gus, while George and Madeline plan for their future together.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The North and South miniseries were nominated and/or awarded with many different awards around the world, among which the most significant are :

text:
Year
Award
Result
Category/People

1986
Golden Globe Awards
Nominated
David Carradine for Best Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV (N&S1)

Nominated
Lesley-Anne Down for Best Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role in a Series, Mini-Series or Motion Picture Made for TV (N&S1)

Primetime Emmy Awards
Won
Costuming team for Outstanding Achievement in Costuming for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.4)

Nominated
Virginia Darcy for Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.1)

Nominated
Makeup team for Outstanding Achievement in Makeup for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.6)

Nominated
Bill Conti for Outstanding Achievement in Music Composition for a Miniseries or a Special (Dramatic Underscore) (N&S1, ep.1)

Nominated
Stevan Larner for Outstanding Cinematography for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.6)

Nominated
Editing team for Outstanding Editing for a Miniseries or a Special - Single Camera Production (N&S1, ep.4)

Nominated
Sound editing team for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S1, ep.2)

Nominated
Hairstyling team for Outstanding Achievement in Hairstyling for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S2, ep.1)

Nominated
Robert Fletcher for Outstanding Costume Design for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S2, ep.1)

Nominated
Sound editing team for Outstanding Sound Editing for a Miniseries or a Special (N&S2, ep.6)

1995
ASC Award
Nominated
Don E. FauntLeRoy for Outstanding Achievement in Cinematography in Mini-Series (N&S3, ep.3)

text: Media[edit]

text: VHS and DVD releases[edit]

text: North and South Books I and II were released on NTSC VHS in the United States. Book III was never released on VHS in the United States. Books I, II and III were released on PAL VHS in Europe.

text: All three Books were released on Region 1 DVD in October 2004. This release also included a bonus featurette with John Jakes and David Wolper talking about the books and the miniseries; James Read, Lesley-Anne Down, and Patrick Swayze discussing their characters; general thoughts of other cast and crew members; plus information about the historical background and trials of its reconstruction for the miniseries.

text: The Region 2 DVD release contained only Books I and II at first, but eventually Book III also became available, with the bonus featurette included. All volumes were sold as separate boxes, but later on they were also available in one box.

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: A soundtrack CD published by Varèse Sarabande in 1985 (VCD47250) contains tracks from the music scores of two Bill Conti films, North and South and The Right Stuff. It includes the following tracks from North and South:[13]

text:
Main Title 3:45
Southern Life 1:38
Love In The Chapel 4:04
A Close Call 2:00
Returning Home 2:13
Last Embrace 2:57
Final Meeting 2:28

tag: ol

text: The Varèse Sarabande Soundtrack Club released the entire score to North and South (1985) in a four-CD box set on February 25, 2008.[14] The tracks in this set are the original recordings used in the production of the series, with three discs devoted to Conti's score and a fourth to the source music from the series. The entire score to North and South: Book II (1986) was released on October 3, 2008 and includes three CDs.[15] On December 4, 2015, North and South: Highlights, a 76-minute disc featuring selections from the first miniseries score, was released.[16]


document_title: The Real World: New York

question_text: the cast of the real world season 1

question_tokens: the cast of the real world season 1

text: The Real World: New York

text: Production history[edit]

text: The Real World was originally inspired by the popularity of youth-oriented shows of the 1990s like Beverly Hills 90210. Bunim and Murray initially considered developing a scripted series in a similar vein, but quickly decided that the cost of paying writers, actors, costume designers, and make-up artists was too high.[2] Bunim and Murray decided against this idea, and at the last minute, pulled the concept (and the cast) before it became the first season of the show. Tracy Grandstaff, one of the original seven picked for what has come to be known as "Season 0",[citation needed] went on to minor fame as the voice of the animated Beavis and Butt-head character Daria Morgendorffer, who eventually got her own spinoff, Daria. Dutch TV producer Erik Latour claims that the ideas for The Real World were directly derived from his television show Nummer 28, which aired in 1991 on Dutch television.[6] Bunim/Murray decided upon the cheaper idea of casting a bunch of "regular people" to live in an apartment and taping their day-to-day lives, believing seven diverse people would have enough of a basis upon which to interact without scripts. The production cast seven cast members from 500 applicants, paying them $2,600 for their time on the show.[2]

text: The production discovered a nine-story, ten-unit residential co-op building at 565 Broadway, at the corner of Prince Street, in Manhattan's SoHo district, after much searching,[4] and converted the massive, 4000-square-foot duplex to be the residence and filming location.[2] Walls separating two adjacent apartments on the second and third floors were removed in order to form a single 4,000-square-foot (370 m2), four bedroom residence, and were renovated for the filming of the series. Production personnel, which included up to 13 people at one time, utilized a work space with a separate entrance.[4][7] The cast lived in the loft from February 16 to May 18, 1992. The series premiered three days later, on May 21, 1992.[2]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: At the time of its initial airing, reviews of the show were mostly negative. Matt Roush, writing in USA Today, characterized the show as "painfully bogus", and a cynical and exploitative new low in television, commenting, "Watching The Real World, which fails as documentary (too phony) and as entertainment (too dull), it's hard to tell who's using who more." The Washington Post's Tom Shales commented, "Ah to be young, cute, and stupid, and to have too much free time...Such is the lot facing the wayward wastrels of The Real World, something new in excruciating torture from the busy minds at MTV." Shales also remarked upon the cast members’ creative career choices, saying, "You might want to think about getting a real job."[2]

text: Nonetheless, the series was a hit with viewers, and the initial seasons have come to be reassessed. Writing in 2011, Meredith Blake of The A.V. Club found the cast to be "ambitious, articulate, and thoughtful". Though she conceded that nearly all of the cast were pursuing careers as performers, and thus had ulterior motives for appearing on the show, she found their motivations "relatively noble" compared to that of later participants in reality TV shows, many of whom wanted simply to become famous by appearing on TV. She wrote that later seasons of The Real World had become "too much to bear" after "cast members figured out that the best way to get screen time was to act out - not to sit around having freshman dorm-room-style conversations about race relations." She wrote that, by contrast to more recent examples of reality TV, "The Real World: New York now seems incredibly, achingly earnest, bracingly raw, and sweetly idealistic."[2]

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Cast Member

Age1

Hometown

Biography

Rebecca "Becky" Blasband[8]

24[9]

New Hope, Pennsylvania[8]

Becky is the daughter of a psychiatrist father and a German immigrant mother who runs an antique store in Philadelphia, to which her family moved when she was 13. She attended  NYU Film School, and worked as an actress with playwright David Mamet's theater company,[8][10] but eventually returned to her first love, music, and has been working as a folk singer. She now finds herself at a crossroads, as she knows she wants to do lots of things in her life but is unsure about which direction to take. Described by MTV as "moody"[9] (a label affirmed by Kevin and Becky herself[11]), she is searching for a mature relationship, and in Episode 8, begins seeing Bill Richmond, one of the show's directors.[9][12]

Andre Comeau[13]

23

Detroit, Michigan[14]

Andre is a singer and guitarist in an indie rock band called Reigndance,[15] with whom he has played with for three years,[13] and with whom he moved to New York exactly one year prior to moving into the Real World loft in the season premiere.[10] He says he grew up with music, as his mother, who had an album with Capitol Records, came from a musical family, a cross, Andre says, between The Manhattan Transfer and The Osmonds.[13] Described by MTV as "the prototypical Gen-X guy", he and Reigndance make a video. He divides his time between Detroit and New Jersey.[15] He rooms with Heather because both of them stay up late.[10][16]

Heather B. Gardner

20

Jersey City, New Jersey[17][18]

Heather is a hip-hop artist with the group Boogie Down Productions, who is on the verge of getting her big career break. She's toured, and has been on The Arsenio Hall Show, but says that in going solo, she has to start all over again.[10] During the season, she is seen recording her album, The System Sucks. According to MTV's biography for her: "She has a lot of drive and dedication to whatever she is doing. She makes friends quickly and always speaks her mind regardless of the consequences."[19] When discussing racial experiences in Episode 1, she says that after going to an entirely black high school, going to college with people of different ethnicities was a new experience for her. Because she says she stays up at nights, she rooms with Andre,[10] who sleeps well into the day.[16] She has a cat[10] named Smokey[20] who is sometimes shown in conflict with Norman's dog, Gouda.[10][20][21] In Episode 2, she is seen recording for her album The System Sucks. She considers herself authentic, and thinks that Eric, by contrast, is too concerned over his image and what people think about him.[22] In Episode 12, she and Eric have a discussion on her belief that he is insincere and expresses little of substance, and his complaint that she is unfeeling and dismissive, eventually coming to an understanding as friends.[21]

Julie Gentry

19[23]

Birmingham, Alabama[23]

Julie, a Southern girl, is an aspiring dancer,[24] though her father wants her to study to be a computer expert, in case her dance career doesn't work out.[2][10] The youngest of the cast, her time on the show represents her first time in New York. According to MTV, her "innocence, engaging personality and desire to learn about the world make her the darling of the loft." She and Eric become especially close. She has not been successful in love, claiming that she could write a book on bad dates.[24] Julie was cast to be a "fish out of water" whose first experiences in New York City could be the lens through which the viewers would be introduced to the series.[25]

Norman Korpi

25

Wakefield, Michigan[26]

Norman, who is of Sicilian descent,[27] left Michigan to find a career in painting, and formed a company with his partner called Gouda, which is named after Norman's dog.[10] As the first openly LGBT Real World cast member, his sexuality becomes the focus of attention during the season, as when he has to deal with the issues that arise after he develops a serious relationship. MTV describes him as a free spirit who enjoys a good conversation, a joke, a story, or an anecdote at the drop of a hat, and who adds a lot of humor and heart to the show.[28] Norman explains his bisexuality by saying that as a Pisces, he is always looking to be open-minded as to who to love. Julie finds his manner of revealing his sexuality in Episode 3 to be genuine and uncontroversial. Heather finds Norman to be authentic, as he does not care what others think, and says that he brings out the best in people, allowing them to feel a childlike sense of freedom.[20] He is an avid Trekkie.[29]

Eric Nies

20[30]

Ocean Township, New Jersey[10][31][32]

Eric is a print and TV model[32] who's been working for in New York for a year, having just recently begun doing commercials.[10] His father, an NBA referee, wasn't always there for him growing up, and as a result, he had a troubled youth. He is on probation after being arrested approximately a year and a half ago for possession of steroids.[30] He considers himself a very sensitive person, and doesn't like it when people take advantage of him.[21] He is close to his sister, Kim,[16] and his mother. Because he knows the importance of having strong role models, he volunteers to work with children in Episode 5.[30] He is described by MTV as a "charismatic" man whose good looks easily get him attention from women.[32] He rooms with Kevin,[10] with whom he discusses their different views on race in Episode 5.[30] In Episode 12, Heather and Eric have a discussion on her belief that he is insincere and expresses little of substance, and his complaint that she is unfeeling and dismissive, eventually coming to an understanding as friends.[21]

Kevin Powell

26[29]

Jersey City, New Jersey[27][33]

Kevin, the oldest member of the cast, is a poet, writer and educator.[34] He says that his father, who never married his mother, "disowned" him when he was about eight or nine years old, and as a result of lacking a strong male role model, Kevin got into a lot of trouble as a teenager, which is why he now mentors a young man named Morris to help him fight negative influences from the streets, and also allows him to see that he has common ground with Eric.[29][30] Having abandoned his initial thoughts of law school, he is now studying political science, and moved to New York in 1990 to pursue his writing, doing news articles and music reviews.[10] He has a girlfriend named Kaseemi.[29] He has strong beliefs regarding issues of race, and more than once gets into heated arguments with his housemates over these issues,[30] and says the racist treatment he has suffered by the police, and the atrocities suffered by various peoples throughout American history give cause for his anger and bitterness, and his dismissal of the idea of the American melting pot.[11] He concedes that he has his own prejudices moving into the loft, some of which were disproven, and some not.[27] He sometimes finds it difficult to connect with his housemates,[34] and after they play a prank on him,[29] he leaves the loft, later saying after the prank's revelation that he considered moving out.[11] He rooms with Eric,[10] with whom he discusses their different views on race in Episode 5,[30] and in Episode 11, has a heated argument with Julie, who says he threatened her with a candlestick holder. He denies this, and sees the reaction of the cast members who took her side as being influenced at least in part by race.[27]

text: ^Note 1 : Age at the time of filming.

text: Cameo appearances[edit]

text: Isiah Thomas, Dennis Rodman and Bill Laimbeer make cameo appearances in Episode 5, when castmates Eric Nies and Kevin Powell attend a New York Knicks game at Madison Square Garden. Larry Johnson appears in Episode 7 to meet castmates Heather Gardner and Julie Gentry, who attend a Hornets game at the Brendan Byrne Arena. Matt Pinfield, a radio host for 106.3 FM, has a cameo in Episode 8 when cast member Andre Comeau's band, Reigndance, appears for an interview with that station. In Episode 9, cast members attend a rally for 1992 U.S. Presidential candidate Jerry Brown, at which both Brown and Michael Moore are shown speaking.

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Ep #

Total

Title

Airdate
11"This is the True Story..."May 21, 1992 (1992-05-21)
As Julie prepares to leave Birmingham, she butts head with her father. After the cast assembles at the loft, and Heather's beeper goes off, Julie jokingly asks her if she sells drugs, prompting the cast to discuss their experiences with race. The cast finds a copy of Gregory Stock's The Book of Questions: Love & Sex, which leads them to discuss that topic. The cast attends a performance by Becky. Julie goes out with Heather and Kevin, during which she is acquainted with the New York Subway system, and tells Kevin that she thinks he is bitter toward white people. Kevin believes that history gives him cause to bear anger towards whites, though he believes Julie to be open-minded for a white person, while Heather dismisses all racism as equally stupid.[10]
22"Julie and Eric...Could it be Love?"May 28, 1992 (1992-05-28)
The cast view a controversial Jōvan Musk commercial in which Eric appeared, and an episode of A Closer Look with Faith Daniels that discussed the matter, and offer their own thoughts on nudity. Heather thinks Eric cares too much about his image and what others think about him. Julie accompanies Heather to a recording for her album The System Sucks. Eric grows close to Julie, joining her at her hip-hop dance class, and later gets upset when Becky mentions arranging a blind date for Julie.[22][35]
33"Leather Chaps and Sequins? What is Eric Getting Himself Into?"June 4, 1992 (1992-06-04)
Andre worries his illness will hurt an upcoming basement performance, but its true roadblock is an appearance by the police, who respond to noise complaints. Julie seeks training at the Broadway Dance Center. After Eric does a steamy topless photoshoot with a beautiful British model named Taryn whom he is encouraged to kiss and caress, they date, but Eric doesn't share her taste in leather "rocker" clothing. Becky cooks a dinner party to help the cast bond. After Norman, Heather and Julie bond at a roller disco, Norman mentions his bisexuality in a way that Julie appreciates, and later invites Julie and Becky to an art opening. Andre dedicates the song "Redspot" to his housemates during a performance on Staten Island that the cast attends.[20][36]
44"Trouble Throughout the House"June 11, 1992 (1992-06-11)
The cast discusses their sexual experiences. Heather is unnerved by Becky's overt sexually behavior at a Limelight party. The cast argues over household issues such a cigarette smoke, cleanliness, noise levels, the use of the phone. Kevin and Eric in particular argue about the overnight stay of Eric's sister, Kim. When Kevin writes a letter to Eric expressing his feelings that both Eric and the others read, Eric, who says Kevin was disrespectful to both him and Kim, is infuriated, as is Kevin (who did not intend the letter for others to read) by Eric's choosing not to come to him directly about the letter.[16][37]
55"Kevin and Eric Mend Their Relationship"June 18, 1992 (1992-06-18)
Continuing from the previous episode, Eric dismisses Kevin's attribution of their conflict to race and Kevin's more difficult life experiences, by saying that he, Eric, has been around black people his entire life, and by revealing that he is on probation after an arrest for steroid possession. During the course of their subsequent discussion, Kevin, who mentors a young man to steer clear of bad influences, comes to see that he has common ground with Eric, and the two make amends. Eric's past troubles spur him to apply to work in a volunteer program with children, and also affect his anticipation of a visit from Missy, his love since seventh grade. Eric also invites Kevin to a Knicks game, where the two meet Isiah Thomas, Dennis Rodman and Bill Laimbeer, and Kevin gains insight by watching Eric interact with his dad, an NBA referee whom Eric does not see often.[30][38]
66"Kevin...Come Back!"June 25, 1992 (1992-06-25)
Julie and Kevin grow close, and discuss the topic of love and sex. Julie is underwhelmed by her date with a painter. Kevin spends time with his girlfriend, Kaseemi, and talks about his relationship with his parents. Spurred by Julie's observation that they have not gotten to know one another that well, the cast resolves to spend Sunday dinners together, and prepare for the first one, which Kevin will cook for. But after a previously scheduled poetry reading that Kevin had forgotten about makes him absent, the cast responds with an April Fool's prank on him by switching personas, with Julie taking on an overly sexualized identity, Eric pretending to be gay, etc. When Kevin finally returns home, the prank is so successful in disturbing him that he leaves the loft.[29][39]
77"Heather Wants to Grab His Booty!"July 2, 1992 (1992-07-02)
Continuing from the previous episode, the cast is concerned over Kevin's abrupt departure, and relieved to inform him of the prank when he returns. Heather takes Julie to a Hornets game, where they meet Larry Johnson, with whom Heather is smitten. The women learn they will be sent on a group trip to Jamaica. Becky has a heated argument with Kevin over her viewpoint of American melting pot and Kevin's views of American imperialism and racism, which results in Kevin calling Becky a racist herself.[11][40]
88"Becky Falls into Troubled Love"July 9, 1992 (1992-07-09)
The girls head off to Jamaica, but are disappointed by the poor choice of men there, leading Becky into a relationship with Bill, one of the production's directors, who is fired as a result.[8] Back home, Andre and Kevin bond during a night on the town. Andre's band, Reigndance, is interviewed by Matt Pinfield on 106.3 FM. Norman dates a man named Charles with whom he may be falling in love. When the women return home, Becky and Kevin make amends.[13][41]
99"Julie in a Homeless Shelter?"July 16, 1992 (1992-07-16)
In Central Park, Julie comes across a group homeless people, one of whom, Darlene, she gets to know. The cast discuss their political leanings, with the 1992 election some attending a Jerry Brown rally at which Brown and Michael Moore speak. Julie, Andre, Heather, Norman and Norman's partner, Kim, then travel to the April 5, 1992 pro-choice rally in Washington, D.C., where Norman unexpectedly runs into Charles. Returning home, Julie spends a night with Darlene and the other people in Darlene's community. As the cast celebrates Norman's birthday, he discusses the gay bashing he suffered in high school, and how he defines his current purpose in life. Julie spends her first ever Easter away from home fulfilling her promise to see Darlene singing in her church choir, and is disturbed by Darlene's absence, and by Julie's investigation into her whereabouts.[42][43]
1010"He's So Ugly He's Cute!"July 23, 1992 (1992-07-23)
The cast becomes attached to an ugly stray dog, eventually returning him to his owner. Julie's mother and his brother, Bill, visit New York. Julie laments not having a strong rapport with her mother, and the two discuss their relationship. By contrast, Andre is very close to his mother and family, who also visit and watch him perform.[44][45]
1111"Julie Thinks Kevin is Psycho!"July 30, 1992 (1992-07-30)
A week and a half before they move out, the cast returns home to a tearful Julie, who says that Kevin, during a heated argument, threatened her with a candlestick holder and spit at her before storming out. Kevin denies this, saying that Julie's use of the phone jeopardized his livelihood and career prospects, but never threatened or spit at her before throwing out. The absence of the cameras during the incident turn it into a case of he said/she said, and Norman and Eric take Julie's side, explaining this in terms of a history of aggressive behavior on Kevin's part, but Kevin objects to what he sees as the knee-jerk nature of this conclusion, in which he feels race is a factor. He recounts the difficulty of being judged for his race by prospective employers in a poetry reading. He later tries to speak to Julie, and though they continue to argue, they both apologize for the way they conducted themselves and shake hands. Though Julie says she likes Kevin, she says she never wants to be alone with him ever again. At a party, a woman accuses Heather of assault, for which the police show up.[27][33]
1212"WWF is in the House!"August 6, 1992 (1992-08-06)
Continuing from the previous episode, Heather, who says that the woman accusing of her assault hit Heather first, is questioned by police, but both women decline to press charges. Heather continues to record her music, while Andre's band makes a video with Bill Richmond, the former Real World director and beau of Becky's. Eric's complaints over Heather's cat, Smokey, lead to horseplay between the two housemates. They later exchange harsh words, with Eric saying that Heather is unfeeling and dismissive of his concerns, and Heather saying that Eric is insincere, and that for all his complaining, expresses little of substance. They eventually have a long talk, during which they make amends.[21][46]
1313"Goodbye to the Big Apple!"August 13, 1992 (1992-08-13)
As the housemates prepare to move out, they playfully storm the production room in the loft, gaining perspective from the other side of the cameras, reflecting on how their time in the loft has changed them, and expressing their resolutions for the future.[47][48]

text: After filming[edit]

text: After filming the season, the cast reunited for the second-season premiere, and provided their predictions, advice and other thoughts regarding the Los Angeles cast. Heather Gardner predicted that someone would leave that cast.[49] (David Edwards eventually did so.[50])

text: Warner/Chappell Music signed Rebecca Blasband to a publishing contract and financed a "surprisingly solid" extended-play CD called The Rebecca Blasband. She moved to Denver, Colorado in March 1995, and has opened for Edwyn Collins and Squeeze.[8]

text: Andre Comeau eventually left Reigndance and joined another band, River Rouge. In 2011 they released their third album, Not All There Anymore.[14][51]

text:
In 2002, Norman Korpi and Clint Owen wrote, produced and directed The Wedding Video, a spoof of The Real World that starred ten alumni of various seasons of The Real World that took the form of the video for Korpi's Beverly Hills wedding. Starring in the video along with himself were Julie Gentry and Heather Gardner, whose single "One Life", is featured in the film.[18]
As of 2008 Norman Korpi is an artist splitting time between California and Michigan.

text: Heather Gardner released her first album, Takin' Mine, in 1996.[52] As of 2002 she was living in Jersey City, and had just released her album Eternal Affairs through SAI Records.[18]

text: Julie Gentry returned to Birmingham. As of 2002, she had been married for four years, had recently become a mother, and was attending school and teaching dance class.[18]

text: Eric Nies went on to host the MTV dance series The Grind, and also hosted and participated in a number of Real World/Road Rules Challenges. He also appeared in two episodes of Days of Our Lives, as well as bit parts in the films Above the Rim and The Brady Bunch Movie. He returned to reality television as a cast member in the 2009 VH1 series in Confessions of a Teen Idol.[53]

text: Kevin Powell became a writer for Vibe magazine,[8] an author, activist and a politician.[54][55] His books include Who's Gonna Take the Weight? and Keepin' It Real, a collection of post-MTV reflections. Powell also lectures around the country about pop culture, politics, and social justice, and has unsuccessfully run for Congress three times in New York.[56]

text: The Challenge[edit]

text:
Cast Member

The Challenges

Challenges Won

Total Money Earned

Andre Comeau

–

–

–

Becky Blasband

Battle of the Seasons

None

$0

Eric Nies

All Stars, Battle of the Sexes, Battle of the Sexes 2

All Stars, Battle of the Sexes 2

$60,000

Heather B. Gardner

Challenge 2000

None

$0

Julie Gentry

–

–

–

Kevin Powell

–

–

–

Norman Korpi

Battle of the Seasons, The Gauntlet

None

$12,000


document_title: Caterpillar (Alice's Adventures in Wonderland)

question_text: what is the caterpillar smoking in alice in wonderland

text: Appearance in Alice's Adventures in Wonderland[edit]

text: Introduced in Chapter Four ("Rabbit Sends in a Little Bill") and the main center of interest of Chapter V ("Advice from a Caterpillar"), the Caterpillar is a hookah-smoking caterpillar exactly three inches high (a height of which he argues in defense, against Alice's complaint). Alice does not like the Caterpillar when they first meet, because he does not immediately talk to her and when he does, it is usually in short, rather rude sentences, or difficult questions.

text: The original illustration by John Tenniel is something of a visual paradox, wherein the caterpillar's human face appears to be formed from the head and legs of a naturalistic caterpillar.[1]

text: In other media[edit]

text: The Caterpillar makes an appearance in a few other places outside Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, such as American McGee's Alice and the novel The Looking-Glass Wars; in both of these spin-offs he plays the role of an oracle.

text:
In the SyFy TV miniseries Alice, the Caterpillar is the leader of the underground resistance to the Queen of Hearts.
The Caterpillar also makes an appearance in "Curiouser and Curiouser," an episode of the television show Forever Knight, in the form of a child's toy.
In several Marvel Comics stories featuring Doctor Strange, the magical entity Agamotto has appeared in a form resembling the Caterpillar.
In popular music, the Caterpillar is mentioned in Jefferson Airplane's "White Rabbit" (1967), a song containing many references to the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
In one episode of Ouran High School Host Club called "Haruhi in Wonderland", Kyoya Otori is dressed as the Caterpillar.
The Caterpillar appears in the Mad T Party at Disney's California Adventure park, where he plays the keyboard.
The Caterpillar is also referenced in Melanie Martinez's song Mad Hatter.
The Caterpillar turned moth is also a main male character in The Splintered Series by A.G. Howard, in this series his name is Morpheus

text: Disney film[edit]

text:
Blue Caterpillar

First appearance
Alice in Wonderland

Created by
Lewis Carroll

Voiced by
Richard Haydn (original film)
Corey Burton (House of Mouse)

text: His memorable phrase is a breathy "Whooo ... are ... you?". In the Disney animated film, this line is visualised as exhalations of smoke in the shapes "O", "R" and "U". Alice remarks in the original story that the Caterpillar will one day turn into a butterfly, and in both the 1999 television film and Disney's 1951 version he does so in Alice's presence. He is voiced by Richard Haydn.

text: The Caterpillar in the Disney film is a blue creature who, as in the original Carroll story, smokes a hookah. He is seen as a very violent character as he yells at Alice quite often during the scenes in which they both appear. He blows smoke in Alice's face and when she needs assistance he ignores her. He is a quite mean character providing little to no assistance to Alice and ends up confusing her more while she is trapped in Wonderland. He then ignores her and turns into a butterfly and flutters away not caring whether or not Alice makes it out alive. He also instructs her to eat a mushroom but does not say what it does thus putting her into possible danger. He reappears one final time during the ending chase, still in butterfly form but once again smoking on his hookah, and again ignoring Alice when she asks for his help escaping the Queen of Hearts.[2]

text: Tim Burton films[edit]

text:
Absolem the Caterpillar

First appearance
Alice in Wonderland

Created by
Lewis Carroll

Voiced by
Alan Rickman

text: Alan Rickman voices the Caterpillar, who in this adaptation is named Absolem.[3] Rickman was filmed while recording his voice in a studio, but his face was not composited onto the character's face as originally planned.[4]

text: He appears five times in the movie. The first time is outside Wonderland, when a young man named Hamish Ascot is about to propose to Alice and she notices a blue caterpillar on his shoulder. The second time is when Nivens McTwisp the White Rabbit, Tweedledum and Tweedledee, Mallymkun the Dormouse, and the Uilleam the Dodo consider Alice's identity, and they consult him. Absolem appears in a thick cloud of hookah smoke, which he blows at Alice. He appears again after Alice arrives at the White Queen's Castle, and again to remind Alice of her previous visit to Wonderland. He blows smoke at her twice this time, and Alice asks him to stop it. At the end of the movie, Absolem, as a butterfly, appears on Alice's shoulder as she sets off for China.

text: Rickman reprises the role in Alice Through the Looking Glass (2016), though he remains a butterfly, leading Alice to the looking-glass portal to Underland and informing her that matters require her urgent attention. He isn't seen again for the rest of the film but makes a cameo in the credits. This was also his final film performance and the film is dedicated in his memory.

text: Once Upon a Time[edit]

text:
The Caterpillar appears in an episode of Once Upon a Time, voiced by Roger Daltrey.
The Caterpillar appears in the Once Upon a Time in Wonderland episode "Forget Me Not" voiced by Iggy Pop, wherein he operates a meeting-house for the transaction of criminal business. He is consulted twice by Alice for assistance in an adventure of her own.