document_title: Agra

question_text: who was the founder of the city of agra

question_tokens: who was the founder of the city of agra

text: Agra

text: Climate[edit]

text: Agra features a semiarid climate that borders on a humid subtropical climate. The city features mild winters, hot and dry summers and a monsoon season. However the monsoons, though substantial in Agra, are not quite as heavy as the monsoon in other parts of India. This is a primary factor in Agra featuring a semiarid climate as opposed to a humid subtropical climate.

text:
[hide]Climate data for Agra, India

Month
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Year

Record high °C (°F)
33.0
(91.4)
35.6
(96.1)
42.8
(109)
46.5
(115.7)
48.6
(119.5)
48.5
(119.3)
46.5
(115.7)
43.0
(109.4)
41.4
(106.5)
41.1
(106)
36.1
(97)
31.0
(87.8)
48.6
(119.5)

Average high °C (°F)
22.3
(72.1)
25.2
(77.4)
32.0
(89.6)
38.5
(101.3)
41.6
(106.9)
40.7
(105.3)
35.2
(95.4)
33.7
(92.7)
34.4
(93.9)
34.3
(93.7)
29.7
(85.5)
24.0
(75.2)
32.6
(90.7)

Daily mean °C (°F)
15.1
(59.2)
17.8
(64)
24.0
(75.2)
30.5
(86.9)
34.0
(93.2)
34.6
(94.3)
31.1
(88)
29.6
(85.3)
29.4
(84.9)
27.0
(80.6)
21.7
(71.1)
16.6
(61.9)
26.0
(78.8)

Average low °C (°F)
8.0
(46.4)
10.4
(50.7)
15.9
(60.6)
22.3
(72.1)
26.4
(79.5)
28.5
(83.3)
26.8
(80.2)
25.8
(78.4)
24.4
(75.9)
19.9
(67.8)
13.7
(56.7)
9.1
(48.4)
19.3
(66.7)

Record low °C (°F)
−2.2
(28)
−1.7
(28.9)
5.6
(42.1)
10.0
(50)
14.0
(57.2)
12.0
(53.6)
14.5
(58.1)
12.0
(53.6)
13.0
(55.4)
9.4
(48.9)
2.8
(37)
−0.6
(30.9)
−2.2
(28)

Average rainfall mm (inches)
13.2
(0.52)
17.6
(0.693)
9.3
(0.366)
6.3
(0.248)
11.3
(0.445)
55.7
(2.193)
203.3
(8.004)
243.2
(9.575)
129.7
(5.106)
24.8
(0.976)
4.3
(0.169)
6.1
(0.24)
724.8
(28.535)

Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm)
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.1
2.0
4.7
13.6
13.7
6.5
1.5
0.6
0.8
49.2

Average relative humidity (%)
64
55
45
35
34
46
72
77
67
54
56
64
56

Source #1: NOAA (1971–1990),[9] World Meteorological Organization (precipitation 1901–2000)[10]

Source #2: India Meteorological Department (records)[11]

text: Population[edit]

text: Demographics[edit]

text: As of 2011[update] India census,[2][12] Agra city has a population of 1,585,704, while the population of Agra cantonment is 53,053. The urban agglomeration of Agra has a population of 1,760,285.[12] Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Agra city has an average literacy rate of 75.11%, above the national average of 74%.[12] Literacy rate of males is considerably higher than that of women. The sex ratio in the city was 875 females per thousand males while child sex ratio stood at 857.[12] Agra district literacy rate is 62.56%.[13]

text: According to the 2011 census, Agra district has a population of 4,380,793,[14] roughly equal to the nation of Moldova[15] or the US state of Kentucky.[16] This gives it a ranking of 41st in India (out of a total of 640).[14] The district has a population density of 1,084 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,810/sq mi) .[14] 52.5% of Agra's population is in the 15–59 years age category. Around 11% of the population is under 6 years of age.

text:
Religions in Agra[12]

Religion

Percent

Hindus

80.68%

Muslims

15.37%

Not Stated

1.66%

Jains

1.04%

Sikh

0.62%

Christian

0.42%

Buddhist

0.19%

Others

0.02%

Distribution of religions

text: Religion[edit]

text: Hindus are 88.77% while Muslims are 9.30% of the population in Agra district.[17] Hinduism, Islam and Jainism are the major religions in Agra city with 80.68%, 15.37% viz. 1.04% of the population adhering to them; others are 1.5%. The Catholic minority is served by its own Metropolitan Archdiocese of Agra.

text: History[edit]

text: Origins[edit]

text: It is generally accepted that Agra was both an ancient city from the times of the Mahabharata (see above) and yet nevertheless Sultan Sikandar Lodī, the Muslim ruler of the Delhi Sultanate, founded Agra in the year 1504. After the Sultan's death, the city passed on to his son, Sultan Ibrāhīm Lodī. He ruled his Sultanate from Agra until he fell fighting to Mughal Badshah Bābar in the First battle of Panipat fought in 1526.

text: Mughal era[edit]

text: The golden age of the city began with the Mughals. It was known then as Akbarabād and remained the capital of the Mughal Empire under the Badshahs Akbar, Jahāngīr and Shāh Jahān. Akbar made it the eponymous seat of one of his original twelve subahs (imperial top-level provinces), bordering (Old) Delhi, Awadh (Oudh), Allahabad, Malwa and Ajmer subahs. Shāh Jahān later shifted his capital to Shāhjahānabād in the year 1649.

text: Since Akbarabād was one of the most important cities in India under the Mughals, it witnessed a lot of building activity. Babar, the founder of the Mughal dynasty, laid out the first formal Persian garden on the banks of river Yamuna. The garden is called the Arām Bāgh or the Garden of Relaxation. His grandson Akbar the Great raised the towering ramparts of the Great Red Fort, besides making Agra a centre for learning, arts, commerce and religion. Akbar also built a new city on the outskirts of Akbarabād called Fatehpūr Sikrī. This city was built in the form of a Mughal military camp in stone.

text: His son Jahāngīr had a love of flora and fauna and laid many gardens inside the Red Fort or Lāl Qil'a. Shāh Jahān, known for his keen interest in architecture, gave Akbarabād its most prized monument, the Tāj Mahal. Built in loving memory of his wife Mumtāz Mahal, the mausoleum was completed in 1653.

text: Shāh Jahān later shifted the capital to Delhi during his reign, but his son Aurangzeb moved the capital back to Akbarabād, usurping his father and imprisoning him in the Fort there. Akbarabād remained the capital of India during the rule of Aurangzeb until he shifted it to Aurangabad in the Deccan in 1653.

text: Later periods[edit]

text: After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the city came under the influence of Marathas and was called Agra, before falling into the hands of the British Raj in 1803.

text: In 1835 when the Presidency of Agra was established by the British, the city became the seat of government, and just two years later it was witness to the Agra famine of 1837–38. During the Indian rebellion of 1857 British rule across India was threatened, news of the rebellion had reached Agra on 11 May and on 30 May two companies of native infantry, the 44th and 67th regiments, rebelled and marched to Delhi. The next morning native Indian troops in Agra were forced to disarm, on 15 June Gwalior (which lies south of Agra) rebelled. By 3 July, the British were forced to withdraw into the fort. Two days later a small British force at Sucheta were defeated and forced to withdraw, this led to a mob sacking the city. However, the rebels moved onto Delhi which allowed the British to restore order by 8 July. Delhi fell to the British in September, the following month rebels who had fled Delhi along with rebels from Central India marched on Agra but were defeated. After this British rule was again secured over the city until the independence of India in 1947.[18]

text: Legacies[edit]

text: Agra is the birthplace of the religion known as Dīn-i Ilāhī, which flourished during the reign of Akbar and also of the Radhaswami Faith, which has around two million followers worldwide. Agra has historic linkages with Shauripur of Jainism and Runukta of Hinduism, of 1000 BC.

text: The Tāj Mahal, Agra Fort and Fatehpur Sikri are all UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

text: Administration and politics[edit]

text: Administration[edit]

text: General administration[edit]

text: Agra division which consists of four districts, and is headed by the Divisional Commissioner of Agra, who is an IAS officer, the Commissioner is the head of local government institutions (including Municipal Corporations) in the division, is in charge of infrastructure development in his division, and is also responsible for and is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the division.[19][20][21][22][23] The District Magistrate of Agra reports to the Divisional Commissioner. The current Commissioner is K. Ram Mohan Rao.[24][25][26]

text: Agra district administration is headed by the District Magistrate of Agra, who is an IAS officer. The DM is in charge of property records and revenue collection for the central government and oversees the elections held in the city. The DM is also responsible for maintaining law and order in the city, hence the SSP of Agra also reports to the DM of Agra.[19][27][28][29][30] The DM is assisted by a Chief Development Officer (CDO), six Additional District Magistrates (ADM) (Finance/Revenue, City, Administration, Land Acquisition, Civil Supply, Protocol), one City Magistrate (CM) and three Additional City Magistrates (ACM).[26] The district has six tehsils viz. Sadar, Etmadapur, Kirawali, Fatehabad, Khairagarh and Bah, each headed by a Sub-Divisional Magistrate.[26] The current DM is Gaurav Dayal .[24][25][26]

text: Police administration[edit]

text: Agra district comes under the Agra Police Zone and Agra Police Range, Agra Zone is headed by an Additional Director General ranked IPS officer, and the Agra Range is headed Inspector General ranked IPS officer. The current ADG, Agra Zone is Ajay Anand,[31] and IG, Agra Range is Mutha Ashok Jain.[32]

text: The district police is headed by a Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP), who is an IPS officer, and is assisted by six Superintendents of Police (SP)/Additional Superintendents of Police (Addl. SP) (City, East, West, Crime, Traffic, and Protocol), who are either IPS officers or PPS officers.[33] Each of the several police circles is headed by a Circle Officer (CO) in the rank of Deputy Superintendent of Police.[33] The current SSP is Amit Pathak .[33]

text: Infrastructure and civic administration[edit]

text: The development of infrastructure in the city is overseen by Agra Development Authority (ADA), which comes under the Housing Department of Uttar Pradesh government. The Divisional Commissioner of Agra acts as the ex-officio Chairman of ADA, whereas a Vice Chairman, a government-appointed IAS officer, looks after the daily matters of the authority.[34] The current Vice-Chairman of Agra Development Authority is Anil Dhingra .[35][36]

text: The Agra Municipal Corporation oversees the city's civic infrastructure under the Agra Metropolitan Region. The head of the corporation is the Mayor, but the executive and administration of the corporation is the responsibility of the Municipal Commissioner, who is a Uttar Pradesh government-appointed Provincial Civil Service (PCS) officer of high seniority. The current Mayor of Agra is Naveen Jain from BJP, whereas the Municipal Commissioner is Arun Prakash.[37][38]

text: Politics[edit]

text: Agra district has two Loksabha viz. Agra and Fatehpur-Sikri, and nine Vidhansabha constituencies in it.

text: The current Member of Parliament from Agra is Ram Shankar, and the current Member of Parliament from Fatehpur-Sikri is Babulal Chaudhary.

text: Transport[edit]

text: Air[edit]

text: Air India flies to Agra airport on the following route: Delhi – Varanasi – Agra – Khajuraho – Varanasi – Delhi

text: Rail[edit]

text: Agra City Comes Under the Jurisdiction Of Agra Division Of North Central Railways Zone Of the Indian Railways . Agra is on the Central Train line between Delhi (Station Code: NDLS) and Mumbai (Station Code: CSTM) and between Delhi and Chennai (Station Code: MAS) and many trains like Bhopal Shatabdi, Taj Express, Gatiman Express, Bhopal Express, Malwa Express, Gondwana Express, Jabalpur - Jammutawi Express, Shreedham Express, Garib Rath, Tamil Nadu Express, Chennai Rajdhani, Agra Mathura Express etc. connect Agra with all major Indian cities like New Delhi, Hyderabad, Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Visakhapatnam, Bengaluru, Pune, Bhopal, Indore, Kochi, Gwalior, Jabalpur, Ujjain, Jaipur, Aligarh, Mathura, Alwar, Lucknow, Thiruvananthapuram etc. every day. Some east-bound trains from Delhi also travel via Agra, so direct connections to points in Eastern India (including Kolkata) are also available. There are close to 20 trains to New Delhi and Gwalior Junction every day, and at least three or four to Bhopal, Indore, Nagpur, Mumbai and Chennai. There are three main railway stations in Agra.

text: Railway stations[edit]

text: Railway Stations served by the Agra Division, North Central Railways network at Agra are:

text:
Agra Cantonment Railway Station, Agra
Agra Fort Railway Station, Agra
Agra City Railway Station, Agra
Raja Ki Mandi Railway Station, Agra
Idgah Railway Station, Agra
Yamuna Bridge Railway Station, Agra
Billochpura Railway Station, Agra
Fatehpur Sikri Railway Station, Agra
Etmadpur Railway Station, Agra
Keetham Railway Station,Agra
Bhandai Junction Railway Station, Agra
Shamshabad Railway Station, District Agra

text: Agra-Delhi Semi-High Speed Train — Gatimaan Express[edit]

text: In July 2014, a trial run of a "semi-high speed train" with 10 coaches and 2 generators reached a speed of 160 km/h (99 mph) between New Delhi and Agra. The railways plan to introduce such trains commercially from November 2014. New Delhi Agra Shatabdi Express is the same type of train, which takes 2 hours to complete its journey. A new semi-high speed train Gatimaan Express that reduces travel time between Delhi and Agra to 100 minutes has been started from 5 April 2016.

text: Road[edit]

text: Idgah Bus Stand, Taj Depot, Fort Depot and Inter State Bus Terminal (I.S.B.T.) are the major bus stands in Agra, connecting Agra to most of the bigger cities in North India. It is a major junction of highways with 3 national highways and 2 expressway (Yamuna Expressway & Agra Lucknow Expressway) originating from Agra. Another national highway passes through the city bringing the total highway outlet to 7.

text:
From Delhi: NH 19 (old number: NH 2), a modern divided highway, connects the 200 km (124 mi) distance from Delhi to Agra. The drive is about 4 hours. The primary access to the highway is along Mathura Road in Delhi but, if coming from South Delhi or Delhi Airport, it is easier to take Aurobindo Marg (Mehrauli Road) and then work up to NH2 via Tughlakabad.
From Delhi / Noida: Yamuna Expressway, a modern access controlled highway connects the 200 km (124 mi) distance from Delhi to Agra. The drive is about 2 hours. This highway has junction to Aligarh and Mathura via state highways.
Yamuna Expressway (formerly Taj Expressway) is a 6-lane (extendable to 8 lanes), 165 km (103 mi) long, controlled-access expressway, that connects New Delhi with Agra via Greater Noida and Mathura in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
NH 509 (old number: NH 93) is a National Highway that connects Agra to Moradabad via Aligarh
Agra Lucknow Expressway is a 6 - lane (extendable to 8 lanes), 302 km (188 mi) long, controlled-access expressway, that connects Lucknow with Agra via Kannauj and Etawah in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh.
Agra Mumbai Highway: It connects Agra to Mumbai Via Gwalior, Jhansi With Four Lane Road
Agra Inner Ring Road: It Connects Kuberpur to Fatehabad road near Ramada plaza, It also connects Yamuna expressway & Agra Lucknow Expressway
New By-pass Road Agra

text: This Road helps Delhi And Gwalior Drivers to Skip Agra. This is Toll Road with Four Lanes.

text: Local transport[edit]

text: City Low Floor Buses[edit]

text: Bus services are run by the Agra Municipal Corporation. Other para-transit modes include rickshaws and autorickshaws. Polluting vehicles are not allowed near the Tāj Mahal.

text: e-Rickshaw and Ola Cabs[edit]

text: Electric Rickshaws have been increasing in the city. Ola Cabs and Agra Cabs & Taxi also operate their services in the city round the clock which can be availed using mobile app and website respectively.

text: Agra Metro Rail Transport[edit]

text: Rail India Technical and Economic Service (RITES) has proposed 30 stations, 11 underground and 19 elevated, for two corridors of the Metro Rail in the city. The two routes are Sikandra to Taj Mahal East gate via Agra Fort and Agra Cantt to Kalindi Vihar. On 24 March 2017, State Chief Minister Aditya Nath Yogi approved the project. In December 2017, Cabinet Of UP Government Approved the DPR as per New Metro Policy . Work Expected to Commence in March 2018 .

text: Monumental Mughal legacy[edit]

text: Tāj Mahal[edit]

text: The Taj Mahal is one of the most famous buildings in the world, the mausoleum of Shah Jahan's favourite wife, Mumtaz Mahal. It is one of the New Seven Wonders of the world, and one of the three World Heritage Sites in Agra. Agra is commonly identified as the "City of Taj".[39]

text: Completed in 1653, the Tāj Mahal was built by the Mughal king Shah Jahan as the final resting place for his beloved wife, Mumtāz Mahal. Finished in marble, it is perhaps India's most beautiful monument and is set amidst landscaped gardens. Built by the Persian architect, Ustād 'Īsā, the Tāj Mahal is on the south bank of the Yamuna River. It can be observed from Agra Fort from where Emperor Shāh Jahān gazed at it for the last eight years of his life, a prisoner of his son Aurangzeb. Verses of the Quran are inscribed on it and at the top of the gate are twenty-two small domes, signifying the number of years the monument took to build. The Tāj Mahal was built on a marble platform that stands above a sandstone one. The most elegant dome of the Tāj Mahal has a diameter of 60 feet (18 m), and rises to a height of 80 feet (24 m); directly under this dome is the tomb of Mumtāz Mahal. Shah Jahān's tomb was erected next to hers by his son Aurangzeb. The interiors are decorated with fine inlay work, incorporating semi-precious stones.

text: Agra Fort[edit]

text: Agra Fort (sometimes called the Red Fort), was commissioned by the conquering Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great in 1565, and is another of Agra's World Heritage Sites. A stone tablet at the gate of the Fort states that it had been built before 1000 but was later renovated by Akbar. The red sandstone fort was converted into a palace during Shāh Jahān's time, and reworked extensively with marble and pietra dura inlay. Notable buildings in the fort include the Pearl Mosque or Motī Masjid, the Dīwān-e-'Ām and Dīwān-e-Khās (halls of public and private audience), Jahāngīr's Palace, Khās Mahal, Shīsh Mahal (mirrored palace), and the Musamman Burj.[citation needed]

text: The forbidding exteriors of this fort conceal an inner paradise. The fort is crescent shaped, flattened on the east with a long, nearly straight wall facing the river. It has a total perimeter of 2.4 kilometres (1.5 mi), and is ringed by double castellated ramparts of red sandstone punctuated at regular intervals by bastions. A moat 9 metres (30 ft) wide and 10 metres (33 ft) deep surrounds the outer wall.

text: Chhatrapati Shīvajī visited the Agra Fort, as a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Purandar entered into with Mirzā Rājā Jaisingh to meet Aurangzeb in the Dīwān-i-Khās (Special Audience Chamber). In the audience he was deliberately placed behind men of lower rank. An insulted Shīvajī stormed out of the imperial audience and was confined to Jai Sing's quarters on 12 May 1666. Fearing the dungeons and execution he escaped on 17 August 1666.

text: The fort is a typical example of Mughal architecture, effectively showing how the North Indian style of fort construction differed from that of the South. In the South, the majority of forts were built on the seabed like the one at Bekal in Kerala.[40]

text: Fatehpur Sikri[edit]

text: The Mughal Emperor Akbar built Fatehpūr Sikrī about 35 km (22 mi) from Agra, and moved his capital there. Later abandoned, the site displays a number of buildings of significant historical importance. A World Heritage Site, it is often visited by tourists. The name of the place came about after the Mughal Emperor Bābar defeated Rāṇā Sāngā in a battle at a place called Sikrī (about 40 km (25 mi) from Agra). Then the Mughal Emperor Akbar wanted to make Fatehpūr Sikrī his headquarters, so he built a majestic fort; due to shortage of water, however, he had to ultimately move his headquarters to Agra Fort.

text: Buland Darwāza or 'the lofty gateway' was built by the great Mughal emperor, Akbar in 1601 CE. at Fatehpūr Sikrī. Akbar built the Buland Darwāza to commemorate his victory over Gujarat. The Buland Darwāza is approached by 52 steps. The Buland Darwāza is 53.63 metres (175.95 feet) high and 35 metres (115 feet) wide. it is made of red and buff sandstone, decorated by carving and black and white marble inlays. An inscription on the central face of the Buland Darwāza demonstrates Akbar's religious broadmindedness, it is a message from Jesus advising his followers not to consider this world as their permanent home.

text: I'timād-Ud-Daulah[edit]

text: The Empress Nūr Jahān built I'timād-Ud-Daulah's Tomb, sometimes called the "Baby Tāj", for her father, Mirzā Ghiyās Beg, the Chief Minister of the Emperor Jahāngīr. Located on the left bank of the Yamuna river, the mausoleum is set in a large cruciform garden, criss-crossed by water courses and walkways. The area of the mausoleum itself is about 23 m2 (250 sq ft), and is built on a base that is about 50 m2 (540 sq ft) and about one metre (3.3 feet) high. On each corner are hexagonal towers, about thirteen metres (43 feet) tall. Small in comparison to many other Mughal-era tombs, it is sometimes described as a jewel box. Its garden layout and use of white marble, pietra dura, inlay designs and latticework presage many elements of the Tāj Mahal.

text: The walls are white marble from Rajasthan encrusted with semi-precious stone decorations – cornelian, jasper, lapis lazuli, onyx, and topaz in images of cypress trees and wine bottles, or more elaborate decorations like cut fruit or vases containing bouquets. Light penetrates to the interior through delicate jālī screens of intricately carved white marble.

text: Many of Nūr Jahān's relatives are interred in the mausoleum. The only asymmetrical element of the entire complex are the tombs of her father and mother, which have been set side-by-side, a formation replicated in the Taj Mahal.[clarification needed]

text: Akbar's Tomb, Sikandra[edit]

text: Sikandra, the last resting place of the Mughal Emperor Akbar the Great, is on the Delhi-Agra Highway, only 13 kilometres (8.1 miles) from the Agra Fort. Akbar's tomb reflects the completeness of his personality. The vast, beautifully carved, red-ochre sandstone tomb with deers, rabbits and langurs is set amidst a lush garden. Akbar himself planned his own tomb and selected a suitable site for it. To construct a tomb in one's lifetime was a Turkic custom which the Mughals followed religiously. Akbar's son Jahāngīr completed construction of this pyramidal tomb in 1613. The 99 names of Allah have been inscribed on the tomb.

text: Jamā Masjid[edit]

text: The Jāma Masjid is a large mosque attributed to Shah Jahan's daughter, Princess Jahanara Begum, built in 1648, notable for its unusual dome and absence of minarets. The inscription at its entrance shows that it cost Rs 5 Lakhs at that time for its completion.

text: Chīnī kā Rauza[edit]

text: Notable for its Persian influenced dome of blue glazed tiles, the Chīnī kā Rauza is dedicated to the Prime Minister of Shāh Jahān, 'Allāma Afzal Khāl Mullā Shukrullāh of Shiraz.

text: Rām Bāgh[edit]

text: The oldest Mughal garden in India, the Rām Bāgh was built by the Emperor Bābar in 1528 on the bank of the Yamuna. It lies about 2.34 km (1 mi) north of the Tāj Mahal. The pavilions in this garden are designed so that the wind from the Yamuna, combined with the greenery, keeps them cool even during the peak of summer. The original name of the gardens was Ārām Bāgh, or 'Garden of Relaxation', and this was where the Mughal emperor Bābar used to spend his leisure time and where he eventually died. His body was kept here for some time before sending it to Kabul.

text: On Ram Bagh to Tundla road near Etmadpur, there is a famed Yoga Ashram of Mahaprabhu Ramlal ji Maharaja(First Guru Gaddi), Yogeshwar Mulakhraj Ji Maharaja(Second Guru Gaddi) & Yogeshwar DeviDayal Ji Mahadev(Third GuruGaddi) blessed Swami Chandra Mohan Ji Maharaj named Shri Siddha Gufa Sawai. Thousands of devotees and seekers visit this holy place.

text: Mariam's Tomb[edit]

text: Mariams Tomb, is the tomb of Mariam, the wife of great Mughal Emperor Akbar. The tomb is within the compound of the Christian Missionary Society.

text: Mehtāb Bāgh[edit]

text: The Mehtāb Bāgh, or 'Moonlight Garden', is on the opposite bank of the River Yamuna from the Tāj Mahal.

text: Keetham Lake[edit]

text: Also known as Sur Sarovar, Keetham Lake is situated about 7 kilometres (4.3 miles) from the Akbar tomb in Agra, within the Surdas Reserved Forest. The lake has an impressive variety of aquatic life and water birds.

text: Mughal Heritage Walk[edit]

text: The Mughal Heritage Walk is a part of community development programme being implemented with support of Agra Municipal corporation, USAID and an NGO; Center for Urban and Regional Excellence. It seeks to build sustainable livelihoods for youth and women from low resource communities and improve their living environments through infrastructure services and integration within the city.

text: The Mughal Heritage Walk is a one-kilometre (0.62-mile) loop which connects the agricultural fields with the Rajasthani culture, river bank connected with the ancient village of Kuchhpura, the Heritage Structure of Mehtab Bagh, the Mughal aqueduct system, the Humanyun Mosque and the Gyarah Sidi.

text: Other places of interest[edit]

text: Mankameshwar Temple[edit]

text: The Mankameshwar Temple is one of four ancient temples dedicated to Lord Shiva located on the four corners of Agra City. It is located near the Jāma Masjid and is about 2.5 kilometres (1.6 miles) from the Tāj Mahal and less than 1 km (0.6 mi) from Agra Fort. Being located in the old city, the temple is surrounded by markets, many of which date back to the Mughal Era.

text: Indrabhan Girls' Inter College[edit]

text: The college is widely considered to be the birthplace of great poet Mirza Ghalib. It is located near the Mankameshwar Temple and is about 3 kilometres (1.9 miles) from the Tāj Mahal and less than 1 km (0.6 mi) from Agra Fort. Being located in the old city, the College is surrounded by markets. Approximately four or five years ago, the birth room of Mirza Ghalib was hidden behind the wall by the Management of the college to keep the identity of the place secret.[citation needed]

text: Gurudwara Guru ka Taal[edit]

text: Guru ka Tal was originally a reservoir meant to collect and conserve rainwater built in Agra, near Sikandra, during Jahangir's reign next to the Tomb of I'tibār Khān Khwājasara in 1610. In the 1970s a gurudwara was erected here. Guru ka Tal is a holy place of worship for the Sikhs. Four of the ten Sikh Gurus are said to have paid it a visit. Enjoying both historical and religious importance, this shrine attracts a large number of devotees and tourists. Boasting elaborate stone carvings and eight of the twelve original towers. It is located by national (Delhi-Agra) highway-2.

text: The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception[edit]

text: The Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception is the seat of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Agra.

text: Paliwal Park (Hewitt Park)[edit]

text: Paliwal Park, during the British Raj was known as Hewitt Park, is now renamed in memory of Shri Krishna Datta Paliwal, who was the first finance minister of Uttar Pradesh, when Shri Govind Ballabh Pant was the Chief Minister of the State.

text: Paliwal Park is located in the heart of Agra, spread over an area of around 70 acres (280,000 m2). It also has a small lake and a vast variety of trees.

text: Paliwal Park links the residential areas of Vijay Nagar Colony & Gandhi Nagar to the financial Hub of the city i.e. Sanjay Place.

text: John's Public Library, also known as the Agra Municipal Library, is also located here and one can find rare books on diverse topics here.

text: Many people come here for morning walk, as a result this place is full especially during the summer holidays when youngsters play all sort of different games.

text: Chaat Gali Sadar Bazar[edit]

text: This are is for good quality street food Lovers, Sadar Bazar is a Fashion and Electronic Hub of Agra after Sanjay Palace. People's spends 1 to 1:30 hours here.

text: Economy[edit]

text: Malls In Agra

text: TDI Mall Ashok Cosmos Mall SRK Mall Nand Talkies Sadar Bazar

text: Due to the presence of the Taj Mahal and other historic monuments, Agra has a booming tourism industry as well as royal crafts like Pietra Dura, marble inlay and carpets.

text: Today 40% of the population depends largely on agriculture, and others on the leather and footwear business and iron foundries. Agra is the second most self-employed in India in 2007, behind Varanasi, followed by Bhopal, Indore and Patna. According to the National Sample Survey Organization, in 1999–2000, 431 of every 1,000 employed males were self-employed in the city, which grew to 603 per 1,000 in 2004–05.[41] Tourism contributes to the economy of Agra. Agra is home to Asia’s largest spa called Kaya Kalp – The Royal Spa, at the Hotel Mughal in Agra.[42]

text: Agra has many industries. Uttar Pradesh's first plant biotech company Harihar Biotech is located near the Taj. There are about 7,000 small scale industrial units. Agra city is also known for its leather goods, the oldest and famous leather firm Taj Leather World is in Sadar bazar. The carpets, handicrafts, zari and zardozi (embroidery work), marble and stone carving and inlay work. Agra is known for its sweets (Petha and Gajak) and snacks (Dalmoth), garment manufacturers and exporters and an automobile industry. Carpet making was introduced to the city by Moghul Emperor Babur and since then this art has flourished.

text: The city centre place at Agra has jewellery and garments shops. The silver and gold jewellery hub is at Choube Ji Ka Fatak. The Shah Market area is an electronics market while Sanjay Place is the trade centre of Agra.

text: Property[edit]

text: Property is one of the growing sectors of the Agra's economy.

text: There are several malls such as Big Bazzar, TDI Mall, Pacific Mall, Ratan Mall, Omaxe SRK Mall, Ashoka Mall (Sanjay Place).

text: Agra is also known as World of Cold storage.there are more than 250 cold storage. One of the biggest coldstorage in Uttar pradesh is of famous businessman and royal Sengar's family named 'THE HERITAGE COLD STORAGE PVT LTD' having 10 chambers with a storage capicity of 1.5 CR packets and also having other large scaled business in agra and overseas.

text: Future projects[edit]

text:
Agra International Airport
Agra Metro Rail [1]
Radio Taxi
High Court Bench [2]
IT Park, Agra

text: Completed Projects In 2017[edit]

text:
Agra Lucknow Expressway
Night Markets in Agra
Inner Ring Road Agra
New By-Pass Road
TajGanj Project

text: Development[edit]

text: Agra ranked fifth on both the financial penetration index, which measures things like the presence of ATMs and bank branches, and on the consumption index, indicating the city’s transformation into an urban town. There are many new buildings, shopping complexes, malls, roads, flyovers and apartments coming up. On the India City Competitiveness Index, the city ranked 26th in 2010,[43] 32nd in 2011[44] and 37th in 2012[45]

text: Education[edit]

text: It was during the advent of the Mughal era that Agra grew as a centre of Islamic education. British people introduced the western concept of education in Agra. In the year 1823, Agra College, one of the oldest colleges in India was formed out of a Sanskrit school established by the Scindia rulers. In the British era, Agra became a great centre of Hindi literature with people like Babu Gulab Rai at the helm.

text: Universities and colleges[edit]

text: Agra University was established on 1 July 1927 and catered to colleges spread across the United Provinces, the Rajputana, the Central Provinces and almost to entire North India, at present 10 institutes comprising various departments and around 700 Colleges are affiliated to this university. The historic Agra University was later rechristened as Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University by the then Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Ms. Mayawati.

text: Sachdeva Institute of Technology, Also known as SIT, Mathura since 2001.

text:
The Institute of Mental Health and Hospital, formerly known as Agra Lunatic Asylum, was established in September 1859 governed by the State of Uttar Pradesh. It is spread over on extensive and beautiful ground of 172.8 acres (69.9 ha) land and is well known centre for the treatment, training and research on mental disorders in Northern India. The institute was renamed as Mental Hospital, Agra in 1925. It was being managed under the provisions of Indian Lunacy Act, 1912 till 1993. Presently all admissions and discharges are being done under the provisions of Mental Health Act, 1987. Following a public writ, the Supreme Court of India in the year 1994, renamed the Institution as Agra Mansik Arogyashala, made it an autonomous institution and outlined the objectives to improve treatment and care of mentally ill persons including rehabilitation as well as to develop activities for professional teaching, training and research. In compliance of the order of the Supreme Court, the UP government declared the hospital as an autonomous institution on 31 January 1995. In view of the objectives laid down by the court, it was renamed as Institute of Mental Health and Hospital on 8 February 2001.
Central Institute of Hindi, (also known as Kendriya Hindi Sansthan) is an autonomous institute under Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India engaged in teaching Hindi as a foreign and second language. Apart from running residential Hindi language courses for foreign students, the institute also conducts regular training programmes for teachers of Hindi belonging to non-Hindi states of India. The institute is situated at a 11 acres (4.5 ha) campus on the outskirts of Agra city. Headquartered in Agra the institute has eight regional centres in Delhi, Hyderabad, Mysore, Shillong, Dimapur, Guwahati, Ahmedabad and Bhubneshwar. The institute is the only government run institution in India established solely for research and teaching of Hindi as a foreign and second language.
Sarojini Naidu Medical College, is one of the three oldest medical colleges of India. It is located in Agra, Uttar Pradesh state. It is named after the first lady Governess of Uttar Pradesh, poet and freedom fighter, Bharat Kokila Smt. Sarojini Naidu.
Agra College, is one of the oldest institutions in India. Pandit Gangadhar Shastri, a noted Sanskrit scholar founded the college in 1823. Till 1883 the institute was a government college and after that a Board of Trustees and a Committee of Management managed the college. Agra College produced the first graduate in Uttar Pradesh and the first Law graduate to Northern India.
St. John's College, Agra, is a college established in 1850, now part of the Dr. Bhim Rao Ambedkar University, earlier known as Agra University. It is amongst the oldest and one of the most beautiful Christian colleges in India. The college runs a study centre of Indira Gandhi National Open University (ignou), a central university.
Raja Balwant Singh College, Established in 1885 owes its existence to Raja Balwant Singh Ji of Awagarh who enabled the institution to grow as one of the oldest and biggest colleges of Uttar Pradesh. Raja Balwant Singh College is located at Bichpuri, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The college is affiliated to Uttar Pradesh Technical University, Lucknow, and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Agra.
Dayalbagh Educational Institute, Radhasoami Satsang Sabha, started the Radhasoami Educational Institute, as a co-educational Middle School, open to all, on 1 January 1917. It became a Degree College in 1947, affiliated to Agra University. In 1975, it formulated a programme of undergraduate studies which received approbation from the Government of Uttar Pradesh and the University Grants Commission, as a result of which in 1981 the Ministry of Education, Government of India, conferred the status of an institution deemed to be a University on the Dayalbagh Educational Institute, to implement the new scheme.
UEI Global, consecutively ranked among the top management institutes of India by Competition Success Review for year 2013 and 2012. The college has 12 campuses across India and provide programs in Hotel Management and Business Management.

text: Central Government Schools :

text:
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.1, Air Force Station, Agra
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.2 Agra Cantt
Kendriya Vidyalaya No.3 Agra Cantt

text: Icse Schools :-

text:
Holman Institute, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282 010 R 2 / 1, M.G. Road Opp. To Collectrate
Ragendra Swarup Public School, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282 007 Sector 10, Avas Vikas Sikandara Yojna, ..
St. Anthony's Junior College, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282 001 The Mall Road, ..
St. Conrad's Inter College, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282-002 Opp. Transport Nagar Sikandara, ..
St. George's College, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282 001 3, Garden Road Agra Cantt, .
St. Mary's Convent School, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282 001 baroli ahir near G R hospital
St. Patrick's Junior College, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282 003 Convent of Jesus & Mary Wazirpura Road, ..\
St. Paul's Church College, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282-002 Khandari Road, ..
St. Peter's College, an ICSE School located in Agra Uttar Pradesh, Pincode 282-002 Wazirpura Road, .

text: Media[edit]

text: Agra is home to the Dainik Jagran newspaper. which is the most read Hindi newspaper in India. Other newspapers that are widely read include Amar Ujala, Aaj, Hindustan,The Sea Express, Deepsheel Bharat, DLA. The English dailies published are The Times of India, Hindustan Times, Economic Times, The Pioneer, etc. The Urdy dailies published are Prabhanjan Sanket, Inksaaf etc. There is also the Hindi and English mixed newspaper tabloid I-NEXT.

text: Morphers Animation Studios LLP is an animation studio in Agra, which caters 3d visualisation services to clients. State-owned All India Radio has a local station in Agra which transmits various programs of mass interest. There are four private FM radio stations, 92.7 BIG FM (Reliance Broadcast Network Limited), 93.7 Fever FM, 94.5 Tadka FM and Radio City 91.9 FM.[46] There is a community Radio Station 90.4 FM.

text: Radio stations[edit]

text:
90.4 MHz – Agra ki Awaaz
90.8 MHz – Aap ki Awaaz
93.7MHz – Fever FM
91.9 MHz – Radio City
92.7 MHz – Big 92.7 FM
105.6 MHz – IGNOU Gyan Vani
94.5 Tadka FM

text: Fairs and festivals[edit]

text: Taj Mahotsav[edit]

text: Taj Mahotsav is a cultural festival that was started in year 1992 and has grown since then. The year 2017 is the 26th year of this Mahotsav. This festival also figures in the calendar of events of the Department of Tourism, Government of India. A large number of Indian and foreign tourists coming to Agra join this festivity in the month of February(18 to 27). One of the objectives of this craft fair is to provide encouragement to the artisans. It also makes available works of art and craft at reasonable prices that are not inflated by high maintenance cost.

text: Ram Barat[edit]

text: Ram Barat (Hindi: राम बारात) is a part of Ramlila celebration in Agra. It is one of the biggest annual events in North India. Ram Barat literally means Baraat Marriage procession of Sri Ram. Every year a new locality is chosen in Agra and is elaborately decorated with lights & flowers. The area is given a major face lift befitting the venue for the divine marriage.

text: Taj Literature Festival[edit]

text: Taj Literature Festival saw stars of the literary world manifest themselves on the earth of Agra. The galaxy included the stalwarts, Muzaffar Ali, Shobha De, Prahlad Kakker and Raghu Rai. The stage shone brilliant and the heritage city breathed life. This festival, an attempt to rejuvenate that aesthetic spirit which is a soul of this historically rich city, Agra. The city that nurtured the likes of Ghalib, Tansen, Surdas, Nazeer and many more.

text: Kailash Fair[edit]

text: The Kailash Fair is held in the town of Kailash, about 12 km (7 mi) from Agra, in the month of August/September. It is a major fair celebrated in honour of Lord Shiva who is believed to have appeared here in the form of stone Lingam.

text: Gangaur Fair[edit]

text: Gokulpura / Moti Katra, Agra

text: Taj Municipal Museum in Paliwal Park Agra[edit]

text: The museum-cum-public library is housed in an old heritage structure, built in 1922 and renovated in the 1940s. Queen Victori's bronze statue's are also exposed in this Museum. The other old statues and memories of the Mughal Era are exposed for the attraction of tourists, something new other than usual attraction.

text: Balloon Festival[edit]

text: Agra Balloon Festival is organised in February every year.

text: Notable individuals[edit]

text: Abdul Karim (the Munshi), Huzur Shiv Dayal Singh[47] Sahab(Param Purush Puran Dhani Soami Ji Maharaj), Founder Of Radhasoami Faith, Hazur Rai Saligram Bahadur[48] (Param Purush Puran Dhani Huzur Maharaj), Second Revered Leader Of Radhasoami Faith, Great Poet Soordas, Acharya Pt. Shri Ram Sharma, Abul Fazal, Amrit Lal Nagar, Rangey Raghav, Dr Ramvilas Sharma, Babu Gulab Roy, Rajendra Yadav, Mirza Ghalib, Mir Taqi Mir, Nazir Akbarabadi Motilal Nehru, Actress Nimmi, Raj Babbar, Prof (Dr) Deoki Nandan.


document_title: Better Call Saul

question_text: who plays jimmy's brother in better call saul

question_tokens: who plays jimmy 's brother in better call saul

root

text: Better Call Saul

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: In July 2012, Breaking Bad creator Vince Gilligan hinted at a possible spin-off about Saul Goodman.[10] In a July 2012 interview, Gilligan said he liked "the idea of a lawyer show in which the main lawyer will do anything it takes to stay out of a court of law", including settling on the courthouse steps.[11]

tag: p

text: In April 2013, the series was confirmed to be in development by Gilligan and Gould; the latter wrote the Breaking Bad episode that introduced the character.[12]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Bob Odenkirk stars as lawyer Jimmy McGill (known as Saul Goodman in Breaking Bad). In January 2014, it was announced that Jonathan Banks would reprise his Breaking Bad role as Mike Ehrmantraut and be a series regular.[13] Aaron Paul announced having had "serious talks" with Gilligan for possible guest appearances,[14] but later told The Huffington Post it was not going to happen.[15] Dean Norris, another Breaking Bad alumnus, announced that he would not be appearing, partly due to his involvement in the CBS series Under the Dome.[16] Anna Gunn also mentioned a "talk" with Gilligan over possible guest appearances.[17]

text: Michael McKean was cast as McGill's elder brother Chuck, having previously guest-starred in an episode of Odenkirk's Mr. Show and Gilligan's X-Files episode "Dreamland".[18][19] The cast also includes Patrick Fabian as Howard Hamlin, Rhea Seehorn as Kimberly "Kim" Wexler, and Michael Mando as Ignacio "Nacho" Varga.[20] In October 2014, Kerry Condon was cast[21] as Stacey Ehrmantraut, Mike's daughter-in-law. In November 2014, it was announced that Julie Ann Emery and Jeremy Shamos had been cast as Betsy and Craig Kettleman, described as "the world's squarest outlaws."[22]

text: Development history[edit]

text: By July 2013, the series had yet to be green-lighted.[23] Netflix was one of many interested distributors, but ultimately a deal was made between AMC and Breaking Bad production company Sony Pictures Television.[24] Gilligan and Gould serve as co-showrunners and Gilligan directed the pilot.[25] Former Breaking Bad writers Thomas Schnauz and Gennifer Hutchison joined the writing staff, with Schnauz serving as co-executive producer and Hutchison as supervising producer.[26] Also on the writing staff are Bradley Paul, and Gordon Smith, who was a writer's assistant on Breaking Bad.[25]

text: In developing the series, the producers considered making the show a half-hour comedy,[12] but ultimately chose an hour-long format more typical of a drama.[11] In October 2014, Odenkirk called the show "85 percent drama, 15 percent comedy."[27] During his appearance on Talking Bad, Odenkirk noted that Saul was one of the most popular characters on the show, speculating that the audience likes the character because he is the program's least hypocritical figure, and is good at his job.[28] Better Call Saul also employs Breaking Bad's signature time jumps.[29]

text: As filming began on June 2, 2014,[30] Gilligan expressed some concern regarding the possible disappointment from the series' turnout, in terms of audience reception.[31][32]

text: On June 19, 2014, AMC announced it had renewed the series for a second season of 13 episodes to premiere in early 2016;[25] however, it was later reduced to 10 episodes.[33] The first teaser trailer debuted on AMC on August 10, 2014, and confirmed its premiere date of February 2015.[34] In November 2014, AMC announced the series would have a two-night premiere; the first episode aired on Sunday, February 8, 2015, at 10:00 pm (ET), and then moved into its regular time slot the following night, airing Mondays at 10:00 pm.[5] In May 2015, Gilligan confirmed that more of the prominent characters from Breaking Bad would be making guest appearances in season 2, but remained vague on which characters were likely to be seen.[35]

text: In March 2016, AMC announced that Better Call Saul was renewed for a 10-episode third season.[7] In June 2017, AMC renewed the series for a 10-episode fourth season to air in 2018.[9]

text: Like its predecessor, Better Call Saul is set and filmed in Albuquerque, New Mexico.[36]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main cast[edit]

text:
Bob Odenkirk as James Morgan "Jimmy" McGill, a lawyer and a former scam artist, who becomes involved with the criminal world.
Jonathan Banks as Mike Ehrmantraut, a former Philadelphia police officer working independently as a parking lot attendant, and later a private investigator and "cleaner".
Rhea Seehorn as Kimberly "Kim" Wexler, a lawyer formerly working at the Hamlin, Hamlin & McGill (HHM) law firm now running her own law firm who is Jimmy's close friend and love interest.[37][38]
Patrick Fabian as Howard Hamlin, a name partner at Hamlin, Hamlin & McGill and Jimmy's former nemesis.
Michael Mando as Ignacio "Nacho" Varga, an upholstery shop worker who is also an intelligent, ambitious member of Tuco Salamanca's gang.
Michael McKean as Charles L. "Chuck" McGill, Jr., Jimmy's elder brother and a named partner at HHM who is confined to his home by electromagnetic hypersensitivity.
Giancarlo Esposito as Gus Fring, a methamphetamine distributor who uses his fast food restaurant chain Los Pollos Hermanos as a front (season 3).

tag: ul

text: Recurring cast[edit]

text: Introduced in season 1[edit]

text:
Kerry Condon as Stacey Ehrmantraut, Mike's daughter-in-law and the mother of Kaylee Ehrmantraut.
Faith Healey (season 1) and Abigail Zoe Lewis (season 2) as Kaylee Ehrmantraut, Mike's granddaughter.
Eileen Fogarty as Mrs. Nguyen, owner of a nail salon which houses Jimmy's law office (and home) in its back room.
Peter Diseth as Bill Oakley, a deputy district attorney.
Joe DeRosa as Dr. Caldera, a veterinarian who serves as Mike Ehrmantraut's liaison to the criminal underworld.
Dennis Boutsikaris as Rick Schweikart, the attorney for Sandpiper Crossing.
Mark Proksch as Daniel "Pryce" Wormald, a small-time drug dealer who hires Mike as security.
Brandon K. Hampton as Ernesto, Chuck's assistant who works at HHM.
Josh Fadem as Joey Dixon, a film student that helps Jimmy film various projects.
Julian Bonfiglio as Sound Guy, a film student that helps Jimmy film various projects
Jeremy Shamos and Julie Ann Emery as Craig and Betsy Kettleman, a county treasurer and his wife, accused of embezzlement.
Steven Levine and Daniel Spenser Levine as Lars and Cal Lindholm, twin skateboarders and small-time scam artists.
Míriam Colón as Abuelita, Tuco's grandmother and Hector's mother.
Barry Shabaka Henley as Detective Sanders, a Philadelphia cop who was formerly partnered with Mike on the force.
Mel Rodríguez as Marco Pasternak, Jimmy's best friend and partner-in-crime in Cicero, Illinois.
Clea DuVall as Dr. Cruz, a doctor who treats Chuck and suspects his condition is psychosomatic.
Jean Effron as Irene Landry, an elderly client of Jimmy McGill overcharged by the Sandpiper Crossing.

text: Introduced in season 2[edit]

text:
Ed Begley, Jr. as Clifford Main, law partner of Davis & Main.
Omar Maskati as Omar, Jimmy's assistant at Davis & Main.
Jessie Ennis as Erin Brill, a lawyer at Davis & Main who is ordered to shadow Jimmy.
Vincent Fuentes as Arturo, a criminal associate of Hector Salamanca.
Rex Linn as Kevin Wachtell, chairman of Mesa Verde Bank and Trust and a client of HHM and Kim.
Cara Pifko as Paige Novick, senior legal counsel for Mesa Verde Bank and Trust and a friend of Kim.
Ann Cusack as Rebecca Bois, Chuck's ex-wife.
Manuel Uriza as Ximenez Lecerda, an associate of Hector Salamanca
Hayley Holmes as Drama Girl, a film student who helps Jimmy on various projects

text: Introduced in season 3[edit]

text:
Bonnie Bartlett as Helen
Kimberly Hebert Gregory as ADA Kyra Hay
Tamara Tunie as Anita, a member of Mike and Stacey's support group

text: Breaking Bad characters[edit]

text:
Raymond Cruz as Tuco Salamanca, a ruthless, psychotic drug distributor in the South Valley. (seasons 1–2)
Cesar García as No-Doze, Tuco's henchman. (season 1)
Jesús Payán Jr. as Gonzo, Tuco's henchman. (season 1)
Kyle Bornheimer as Ken ("Ken Wins"), an arrogant, self-absorbed stockbroker. (season 2)
Stoney Westmoreland as Officer Saxton, an Albuquerque Police Department officer. (season 2)
Jim Beaver as Lawson, a local weapons dealer in Albuquerque. (season 2)
Maximino Arciniega as Domingo "Krazy-8" Molina, one of Tuco's distributors. (seasons 2–)
Mark Margolis as Hector Salamanca, Tuco's uncle and high-ranking member of the cartel. (seasons 2–)
Debrianna Mansini as Fran, a waitress at Loyola's Diner. (season 2)
Daniel and Luis Moncada as Leonel and Marco Salamanca, Tuco's cousins and Hector's nephews who are hitmen for the cartel. (season 2)
Jennifer Hasty as Stephanie Doswell, a real estate agent. (season 2)
Tina Parker as Francesca Liddy, Jimmy's receptionist. (season 3)
Jeremiah Bitsui as Victor, Gus' henchman. (season 3)
Ray Campbell as Tyrus Kitt, a henchman on Gus Fring's payroll. (season 3)
JB Blanc as Dr. Barry Goodman, a doctor on Gus Fring's payroll. (season 3)
Steven Bauer as Don Eladio Vuente, the head of the Juarez drug cartel. (season 3)
Javier Grajeda as Juan Bolsa, a high-level member of the Juárez drug cartel. (season 3)
Lavell Crawford as Huell Babineaux, a professional pickpocket hired by Jimmy. (season 3)
Laura Fraser as Lydia Rodarte-Quayle, a Madrigal Electromotive executive and associate of Gus Fring. (season 3)

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
February 8, 2015 (2015-02-08)
April 6, 2015 (2015-04-06)

2
10
February 15, 2016 (2016-02-15)
April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18)

3
10
April 10, 2017 (2017-04-10)
June 19, 2017 (2017-06-19)

tag: table

text: Talking Saul[edit]

text: Talking Saul is a live aftershow hosted by Chris Hardwick, which features guests discussing episodes of Better Call Saul. The show uses the same format as Talking Dead, Talking Bad, and other similar aftershows also hosted by Hardwick. AMC announced that Talking Saul would air after the second season Better Call Saul premiere on February 15, 2016, and again after the second-season finale on April 18, 2016.[39] It returned following the season 3 premiere and finale.[40]

text: Season 1 (2016)[edit]

text: These episodes discuss season two of Better Call Saul.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Episode discussed
Guests
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Switch"
Vince Gilligan, Peter Gould, Bob Odenkirk and Rhea Seehorn
February 15, 2016 (2016-02-15)
0.744[41]

2
2
"Klick"
Jonathan Banks, Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould
April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18)
0.641[42]

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text: These episodes discuss season three of Better Call Saul.

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Episode discussed
Guests
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

3
1
"Mabel"
Vince Gilligan, Peter Gould, Jonathan Banks and Rhea Seehorn
April 10, 2017 (2017-04-10)
0.545[43]

4
2
"Lantern"
Peter Gould, Patrick Fabian and Michael Mando; Michael McKean via satellite
June 19, 2017 (2017-06-19)
0.589[44]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In December 2013, Netflix announced that the entire first season would be available for streaming in the U.S. after the airing of the first-season finale, and in Latin America and Europe each episode would be available a few days after the episode airs in the U.S.[45] However, the first season was not released on Netflix in the U.S. until February 1, 2016.[46]

text: Netflix is the exclusive video-on-demand provider for the series and makes the content available in all its territories, except for Australia and New Zealand.[45] In Australia, Better Call Saul premiered on the streaming service Stan[47] on February 9, 2015, acting as the service's flagship program.[48] In New Zealand, the show is exclusive to the New Zealand-based subscription video-on-demand service, Lightbox.[49] The episodes were available for viewing within three days of broadcast in the U.S.[50]

text: In the United Kingdom and Ireland, the series was acquired by Netflix on December 16, 2013,[51] and the first episode premiered on February 9, 2015, with the second episode released the following day. Every subsequent episode was released each week thereafter.[52] In India, the series is broadcast on Colors Infinity within 24 hours of the U.S. broadcast.[53]

text: The series premiere drew in 4.4 million and 4 million in the 18–49 and 25–54 demographics, respectively, and received an overall viewership of 6.9 million.[54] This was the record for the highest-rated scripted series premiere in basic cable history, until it was surpassed later the same year by another AMC series, Fear the Walking Dead.[55]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text:
Season
Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes
Metacritic

1
97% (56 reviews)
78 (43 reviews)

2
97% (26 reviews)
85 (18 reviews)

3
97% (30 reviews)
87 (18 reviews)

text: Season 1[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the first season has a rating of 97%, based on 56 reviews, with an average rating of 8.2/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Better Call Saul is a quirky, dark character study that manages to stand on its own without being overshadowed by the series that spawned it."[56] On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the first season has a score of 78 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[57]

text: In his review of the two-episode premiere, Hank Stuever of The Washington Post graded it a "B+" and wrote the series "is right in line with the tone and style of the original, now-classic series", and that it "raises more questions in two hours than it will readily answer".[58] Stephen Marche of Esquire wrote that the first few episodes were better than those of Breaking Bad.[59] Kirsten Acuna of Business Insider declared the initial episodes "everything you could possibly want from a spinoff television series".[60] Alesandra Stanley of The New York Times wrote, "Better Call Saul is better than good: It's delightful – in a brutal, darkly comic way, of course."[61] Vulture writer Eric Konigsberg noted the show was special as it was "the first spinoff of this golden age of premium cable."[62]

text: Season 2[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the second season has a score of 97%, based on 26 reviews, with an average rating of 8.7/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "Better Call Saul continues to tighten its hold on viewers with a batch of episodes that inject a surge of dramatic energy while showcasing the charms of its talented lead."[63] On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the second season has a score of 85 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[64]

text: Chuck Bowen of Slant Magazine gave it a perfect four star review and wrote, "the show's writing is as economic and poetically parred [as its visual aesthetic]. Each moment is compact, leading to the next with unpredictable, behaviorally astute precision."[65] Daniel D'Addario of Time praised the show and wrote, "in its second season, Better Call Saul allows us into a new world of complexity by deepening one of the show's pivotal relationships. It's the best-case scenario for a spin-off: a show that occupies a familiar world but opens up entirely new themes."[66]

text: Season 3[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the third season has an approval rating of 97% based on 30 reviews, with an average rating of 8.82/10. The site's critical consensus is, "Better Call Saul shows no signs of slipping in season 3, as the introduction of more familiar faces causes the inevitable transformation of its lead to pick up exciting speed."[67] On the review aggregator website Metacritic, the season has a score of 87 out of 100, based on 18 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[68]

text: Verne Gay of Newsday gave it an "A+" grade and wrote, "Based on the first two episodes, Saul is making a case that it could be even better than Breaking Bad."[69]

text: Awards and accolades[edit]

text:
Year
Ceremony
Category
Recipients
Result

2015
2015 American Film Institute Awards[70]
Television Programs of the Year
Better Call Saul
Won

5th Critics' Choice Television Awards[71]
Best Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Won

Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Jonathan Banks
Won

31st TCA Awards[72]
Outstanding New Program
Better Call Saul
Won

Individual Achievement in Drama
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

67th Primetime Emmy Awards[73]
Outstanding Drama Series
Better Call Saul
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Jonathan Banks
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series
Gordon Smith ("Five-O")
Nominated

67th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards[73]
Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series
Kelley Dixon ("Five-O")
Nominated

Kelley Dixon and Chris McCaleb ("Marco")
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series
Phillip W. Palmer, Larry Benjamin, Kevin Valentine ("Marco")
Nominated

20th Satellite Awards[74]
Best Drama Series
Better Call Saul
Won

Best Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries or TV Film
Jonathan Banks
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries or TV Film
Rhea Seehorn
Won

68th Writers Guild of America Awards[75]
Drama Series
Better Call Saul
Nominated

New Series
Better Call Saul
Nominated

Episodic Drama
Vince Gilligan and Peter Gould ("Uno")
Won

22nd Screen Actors Guild Awards[76]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

73rd Golden Globe Awards[77]
Best Actor – Television Series Drama
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

2016
32nd TCA Awards[78]
Outstanding Achievement in Drama
Better Call Saul
Nominated

Individual Achievement in Drama
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

68th Primetime Emmy Awards[79]
Outstanding Drama Series
Better Call Saul
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Jonathan Banks
Nominated

68th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards[73]
Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series
Kelley Dixon ("Rebecca")
Nominated

Kelley Dixon and Chris McCaleb ("Nailed")
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series
Phillip W. Palmer, Larry Benjamin, Kevin Valentine ("Klick")
Nominated

Outstanding Special Visual Effects in a Supporting Role
For the episode "Fifi"
Nominated

7th Critics' Choice Television Awards[80]
Best Drama Series
Better Call Saul
Nominated

Best Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Won

Best Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Michael McKean
Nominated

2016 American Film Institute Awards[81]
Television Programs of the Year
Better Call Saul
Won

74th Golden Globe Awards[82]
Best Actor – Television Series Drama
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

2017
21st Satellite Awards[83][84]
Best Drama Series
Better Call Saul
Nominated

Best Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

Best Supporting Actor in a Series, Miniseries or TV Film
Jonathan Banks
Nominated

Best Supporting Actress in a Series, Miniseries or TV Film
Rhea Seehorn
Won

69th Writers Guild of America Awards[85]
Drama Series
Better Call Saul
Nominated

Episodic Drama
Gordon Smith ("Gloves Off")
Nominated

Heather Marion and Vince Gilligan ("Klick")
Nominated

Thomas Schnauz ("Switch")
Nominated

53rd Cinema Audio Society Awards[86]
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Television Series – One Hour
Phillip W. Palmer, Larry B. Benjamin, Kevin Valentine, Matt Hovland and David Michael Torres ("Klick")
Nominated

Location Managers Guild Awards[87]
Outstanding Locations in a Contemporary TV Series
Christian Diaz de Bedoya
Nominated

33rd TCA Awards[88]
Outstanding Achievement in Drama
Better Call Saul
Nominated

69th Primetime Emmy Awards[89][90]
Outstanding Drama Series
Better Call Saul
Nominated

Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series
Jonathan Banks
Nominated

Outstanding Directing for a Drama Series
Vince Gilligan ("Witness")
Nominated

Outstanding Writing for a Drama Series
Gordon Smith ("Chicanery")
Nominated

69th Primetime Creative Arts Emmy Awards[91]
Outstanding Music Supervision
Thomas Golubić ("Sunk Costs")
Nominated

Outstanding Single-Camera Picture Editing for a Drama Series
Skip Macdonald ("Chicanery")
Nominated

Kelley Dixon and Skip Macdonald ("Witness")
Nominated

Outstanding Sound Mixing for a Comedy or Drama Series (One Hour)
Phillip W. Palmer, Larry Benjamin, Kevin Valentine ("Witness")
Nominated

24th Screen Actors Guild Awards[92]
Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

75th Golden Globe Awards[93]
Best Actor – Television Series Drama
Bob Odenkirk
Nominated

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Episodes
First aired
Last aired
Avg. viewers
(millions)

Date
Viewers
(millions)
Date
Viewers
(millions)

1
Monday 10:00 pm
10
February 8, 2015
6.88[94]
April 6, 2015
2.53[95]
3.21[96]

2
10
February 15, 2016
2.57[41]
April 18, 2016
2.26[97]
2.16[98]

3
10
April 10, 2017
1.81[99]
June 19, 2017
1.85[100]
1.64[101]

text:
Season
Ep. 1
Ep. 2
Ep. 3
Ep. 4
Ep. 5
Ep. 6
Ep. 7
Ep. 8
Ep. 9
Ep. 10

1
6.88
3.42
3.23
2.87
2.71
2.57
2.67
2.87
2.38
2.53

2
2.57
2.23
2.20
2.20
1.99
2.11
2.03
1.93
2.06
2.26

3
1.81
1.46
1.52
1.56
1.76
1.72
1.65
1.63
1.47
1.85

text: Home media[edit]

text: The first season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on November 10, 2015. The set contains all 10 episodes, plus audio commentaries for every episode, uncensored episodes, deleted scenes, gag reel, and several behind-the-scenes featurettes. A limited edition Blu-ray set was also released with 3D packaging and a postcard vinyl of the Better Call Saul theme song by Junior Brown.[102] The second season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on November 15, 2016. The set contains all 10 episodes, plus audio commentaries for every episode and several behind-the-scenes featurettes.[103] The third season was released on Blu-ray and DVD in region 1 on January 16, 2018. The set contains all 10 episodes, plus audio commentaries for every episode and several behind-the-scenes featurettes.[104]

text: Comics[edit]

text: AMC has released two digital comic books for Better Call Saul. The first, titled Better Call Saul: Client Development, released in February 2015, in advance of the series premiere, details the history of Saul and Mike, acting as a spin-off of the Breaking Bad episode that introduced Saul.[105] In February 2016, in advance of the second-season premiere, AMC released Better Call Saul: Saul Goodman and the Justice Consortium in the Clutches of the Judgernaut![106]


document_title: Israel Kamakawiwoʻole

question_text: who sings hawaiian version of somewhere over the rainbow

text: Israel Kamakawiwoʻole

text: Early life[edit]

text: Kamakawiwoʻole was born at Kuakini Medical Center in Honolulu to Henry "Hank" Kaleialoha Naniwa Kamakawiwoʻole, Jr. and Evangeline "Angie" Leinani Kamakawiwoʻole. The notable Hawaiian musician Moe Keale was his uncle and a major musical influence. He was raised in the community of Kaimuki, where his parents had met and married. He began playing music with his older brother Skippy and cousin Allen Thornton at the age of 11, being exposed to the music of Hawaiian entertainers of the time such as Peter Moon, Palani Vaughn and Don Ho, who frequented the establishment where Kamakawiwoʻole's parents worked. Hawaiian musician Del Beazley spoke of the first time he heard Israel perform, when, while playing for a graduation party, the whole room fell silent on hearing him sing.[2] Israel continued his path as his brother Skippy entered the Army in 1971 and cousin Allen parted ways in 1976 for the mainland.

text:
Somewhere Over The Rainbow / What A Wonderful World

Snippet lasting 30 seconds

Problems playing this file? See media help.

text: In his early teens, he studied at Upward Bound (UB) of the University of Hawaii at Hilo and his family moved to Mākaha. There he met Louis Kauakahi, Sam Gray and Jerome Koko.[3] Together with his brother Skippy they formed the Makaha Sons of Niʻihau. A part of the Hawaiian Renaissance, the band's blend of contemporary and traditional styles gained in popularity as they toured Hawaii and the continental United States, releasing fifteen successful albums. Kamakawiwoʻole's aim was to make music that stayed true to the typical sound of traditional Hawaiian music. During that time period, the songs that many people associated with Hawaii, typically, were not traditional-sounding songs.

text: Music career[edit]

text: The Makaha Sons of Niʻihau recorded No Kristo in 1976 and released four more albums, including Kahea O Keale, Keala, Makaha Sons of Niʻihau and Mahalo Ke Akua. In 1982, Kamakawiwoʻole's brother, Skippy, died at age 28 of a heart attack[4] related to obesity. In that same year, Kamakawiwoʻole married his childhood sweetheart Marlene. Soon after, they had a daughter whom they named Ceslieanne "Wehi" (born in c. 1983).

text: The group became Hawaii's most popular contemporary traditional group with breakout albums 1984's Puana Hou Me Ke Aloha and its follow-up, 1986's Hoʻola. Kamakawiwoʻole's last recorded album with the group was 1991's Hoʻoluana. It remains the group's top-selling CD.

text: In 1990, Kamakawiwoʻole released his first solo album Ka ʻAnoʻi, which won awards for Contemporary Album of the Year and Male Vocalist of the Year from the Hawaiʻi Academy of Recording Arts (HARA). Facing Future was released in 1993 by The Mountain Apple Company. It featured his most popular song, the medley "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World", along with "Hawaiʻi 78", "White Sandy Beach of Hawaiʻi", "Maui Hawaiian Sup'pa Man", and "Kaulana Kawaihae". The decision to include a cover of Somewhere Over the Rainbow was said to be a last-minute decision by his producer Jon de Mello and him.[5] Facing Future debuted at #25 on Billboard magazine's Top Pop Catalogue chart. On October 26, 2005, Facing Future became Hawaiʻi's first certified platinum album, selling more than a million CDs in the United States, according to figures furnished by the Recording Industry Association of America.[6] On July 21, 2006, BBC Radio 1 announced that "Somewhere Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World (True Dreams)" would be released as a single in America.

text: In 1994, Kamakawiwoʻole was voted favorite entertainer of the year by the Hawaiʻi Academy of Recording Arts (HARA).

text: E Ala E (1995) featured the political title song "ʻE Ala ʻE" and "Kaleohano", and N Dis Life (1996) featured "In This Life" and "Starting All Over Again".

text: In 1997, Kamakawiwoʻole was again honored by HARA at the Annual Nā Hōkū Hanohano awards for Male Vocalist of the Year, Favorite Entertainer of the Year, Album of the Year, and Island Contemporary Album of the Year. He watched the awards ceremony from a hospital room.

text: Alone in Iz World (2001) debuted at #1 on Billboard's World Chart and #135 on Billboard's Top 200, #13 on the Top Independent Albums Chart, and #15 on the Top Internet Album Sales charts.

text: Kamakawiwo'ole's Facing Future has become the best-selling Hawaiian album of all time.[2]

text: Support of Hawaiian rights[edit]

text: Kamakawiwoʻole was known for promoting Hawaiian rights and Hawaiian independence, both through his lyrics, which often stated the case for independence directly, and his life.[7] For example, the lyric in his song "Hawaiʻi '78": "The life of this land is the life of the people/and that to care for the land (malama ʻāina) is to care for the Hawaiian culture", is a statement that many consider to summarise his Hawaiian ideals.[8] The state motto of Hawaiʻi is a recurring line in the song and encompasses the meaning of Iz's message: "Ua Mau ke Ea o ka ʻĀina i ka Pono" (proclaimed by King Kamehameha III when Hawaiʻi regained sovereignty in 1843. It can be roughly translated as: "The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness").[9]

text: Kamakawiwoʻole used the soprano ukulele, and his music as a whole, to promote awareness of his belief that a second-class status had been pushed onto the natives by the tourist industry.[10]

text: Death[edit]

text: Throughout his life Kamakawiwoʻole was morbidly obese,[11] and at one point he weighed 757 pounds (343 kg; 54 st 1 lb) standing 6 feet 2 inches (1.88 m) tall (body mass index = 97.2).[4] He endured several hospitalizations because of health problems.[4] Beset with respiratory, heart, and other medical problems, he died at the age of 38 in Queen's Medical Center at 12:18 a.m. on June 26, 1997.[4] Kamakawiwoʻole is survived by his wife, Marlene Kamakawiwoʻole, and their daughter, Ceslie-Ann "Wehi".[12]

text: The Hawaii state flag flew at half-staff on July 10, 1997, the day of Kamakawiwoʻole's funeral. His koa wood coffin lay in state at the state capitol building in Honolulu. He was the third person in Hawaiian history to be awarded this honor, and the only one who was not a government official. Approximately ten thousand people attended the funeral. Thousands of fans gathered as his ashes were scattered into the Pacific Ocean at Mākua Beach on July 12, 1997.[12] According to witnesses, many people on land commemorated him by honking their car and truck horns on all Hawaiian highways that day. Scenes from the funeral and scattering of Kamakawiwoʻole's ashes were featured in official music videos of "Over the Rainbow" released posthumously by Mountain Apple Company. As of September 2017[update], the two videos as featured on YouTube have collectively received over 328 million views.[13][14]

text: On September 20, 2003, hundreds paid tribute to Kamakawiwoʻole as a bronze bust of the revered singer was unveiled at the Waianae Neighborhood Community Center on Oʻahu. The singer's widow, Marlene Kamakawiwoʻole, and sculptor Jan-Michelle Sawyer were present for the dedication ceremony.[15]

text: Legacy[edit]

text: On December 6, 2010, NPR named Kamakawiwoʻole as "The Voice of Hawaii" in its 50 great voices series.[16]

text: On March 24, 2011, Kamakawiwoʻole was honored with the German national music award Echo. The music managers Wolfgang Boss and Jon de Mello accepted the trophy in his stead.[17]

text: A 2014 Pixar short film, Lava, features as main characters two volcanoes who are based on Israel Kamakawiwoʻole and his wife, and the style of music used in the short is reminiscent of his cover of "Somewhere Over the Rainbow."[18]

text: What a Wonderful World[edit]

text: Kamakawiwoʻole's recording of "Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" gained notice in 1999 when an excerpt was used in the TV commercials for eToys.com (Now Toys "R" Us). The full song was featured in the movies K-Pax, Meet Joe Black, Finding Forrester, Son of the Mask, 50 First Dates, Fred Claus and IMAX: Hubble 3D.[19] It was also featured in TV series ER, American Dad!, Scrubs, Cold Case, Glee, South Pacific, LOST, Storm Chasers, and in the UK original version of Life on Mars among others.[20]

text: "Over the Rainbow//What a Wonderful World" reached #12 on Billboard's Hot Digital Tracks chart the week of January 31, 2004 (for the survey week ending January 18, 2004). It passed the 2 million paid downloads mark in the USA by September 27, 2009, and then sold 3 million in the USA as of October 2, 2011.[21] And as of October 2014, the song has sold over 4.2 million digital copies.[22] In addition, the song holds the distinction of being the longest-leading number one hit on any of the Billboard song charts, having spent 185 weeks at number one on the publication's World Digital Songs chart.[22]

text: On July 4, 2007, Kamakawiwoʻole debuted at No. 44 on the Billboard Top 200 Album Chart with "Wonderful World," selling 17,000 units.[23]

text: In April 2007, "Over the Rainbow" entered the UK charts at #68, and eventually climbed to #46, spending 10 weeks in the Top 100 over a 2-year period.

text: In October 2010, following its use in a trailer for the TV channel VOX[24] and on a TV advertisement – for Axe deodorant (which is itself a revival of the advertisement originally aired in 2004)[25] – it hit #1 on the German singles chart, was the number one seller single of 2010[26] and was eventually certified 2× Platinum in 2011.[27]

text: At the world premiere of The Healer (http://www.thehealer-film.com/) at the Heartland Film Festival in Indianapolis (October 24, 2016) "Over the Rainbow" was again featured.

text: As of November 1, 2010, "Over the Rainbow" peaked at No. 6 on the OE3 Austria charts, which largely reflect airplay on Austria's government-operated Top 40 radio network.[28] It also peaked at No.1 in France and Switzerland in late December 2010.

text: Radio host George Noory uses "Over the Rainbow/What a Wonderful World" as bumper music on the overnight talk radio show Coast To Coast AM.

text: Discography[edit]

text: Albums[edit]

text: Studio albums[edit]

text:
Ka ʻAnoʻi (1990)
Facing Future (1993)
E Ala E (1995)
N Dis Life (1996)

text: Compilation albums[edit]

text:
Iz in Concert: The Man and His Music (1998)
Alone in IZ World (2001)
Wonderful World (2007)
Over the Rainbow (2011)

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ Gordon, Mike; Beverly Creamer; Wayne Harada. "The Legacy: A Voice Of Hawai'i and Hawaiians". The Honolulu Advertiser. Retrieved August 19, 2008.
^ Jump up to: a b Montagne, Renee (December 6, 2010). "Israel Kamakawiwo'ole: The Voice of Hawaii". Retrieved October 10, 2012.
Jump up ^ "Article by Jay Hartwell of the University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa". .hawaii.edu. May 26, 1991. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
^ Jump up to: a b c d Kekoa Enomoto, Catherine; Gregg K. Kakesako (June 26, 1997). "'IZ' Will Always Be". Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
Jump up ^  Guerin, Ada (June 6, 2006). "Chasing Rainbows". The Hollywood Reporter – International Edition. Los Angeles, CA, USA: Prometheus Global Media. 394 (32): M419. ISSN 0018-3660. Retrieved October 10, 2012.  (subscription required)
Jump up ^ "Brudda Iz's Facing Future goes platinum, a first for Hawaii". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. October 6, 2005.
Jump up ^ Carroll, Rick. Iz: Voice of the People. Honolulu, Hawai'i: Bess, 2006. Print.
Jump up ^ Israel Kamakawiwo'ole. "Hawai'i '78." Facing Future. Mountain Apple Company, 1993. MP3.
Jump up ^ "Hawaii State Motto Ua Mau Ke Ea O Ka Aina I Ka Pono The life of the land is perpetuated in righteousness". Netstate.com. Retrieved March 19, 2013.
Jump up ^ Tranquada, Jim (2012). The Ukulele: a History. University of Hawaii Press. p. 166. ISBN 978-0-8248-3544-6.
Jump up ^ Rick Carroll (2006). Iz: Voice of the People. Bess Press. pp. 130–131. ISBN 978-1-57306-257-2.
^ Jump up to: a b Adamski, Mary (July 10, 1997). "Isles Bid Aloha, not Goodbye, to 'Brudda Iz'". Honolulu Star-Bulletin.
Jump up ^ "OFFICIAL Somewhere over the Rainbow – Israel "IZ" Kamakawiwo'ole". Mountain Apple Company Inc. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "OFFICIAL – Somewhere Over the Rainbow 2011 – Israel "IZ" Kamakawiwo'ole". Mountain Apple Company Inc. Retrieved December 28, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Sculpture's Debut Honors 'Braddah IZ'". Honolulu Star-Bulletin. September 21, 2003.
Jump up ^ Kamakawiwo, Israel (December 6, 2010). "Israel Kamakawiwo'ole: The Voice Of Hawaii". NPR. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ Starauflauf bei der Echo-Verleihung in Berlin Badische Zeitung, March 25, 2011
Jump up ^ "5 questions with Disney/Pixar’s ‘LAVA’ director James Ford Murphy". KHON2. 2014-11-04. Retrieved 2016-09-28.
Jump up ^ "IMAX: Hubble 3D – Toronto Screen Shots". March 18, 2010. Retrieved May 2, 2011.
Jump up ^ Kim Grant; Glenda Bendure; Michael Clark; Ned Friary; Conner Gorry; Luci Yamamoto (2005). Lonely Planet Hawaii (7th ed.). Lonely Planet Publications. p. 97. ISBN 978-1-74059-871-2.
Jump up ^ Week Ending Oct. 2, 2011. Songs: Gone But Not Forgotten
^ Jump up to: a b Trust, Gary (October 21, 2014). "Ask Billboard: The Weird Connections Between Mary Lambert & Madonna". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Retrieved October 21, 2014.
Jump up ^ Artist Chart History – Israel Kamakawiwo'ole, Billboard
Jump up ^ Herr der Goldtruhen NZZ Folio vom 7. Oktober 2010.
Jump up ^ "Lynx – Getting Dressed Commercial Song Israel Kamakawiwo'ole – Somewhere Over the Rainbow". YouTube. November 24, 2010. Retrieved January 24, 2011.
Jump up ^ "Musik-Jahrescharts: 'Sanfter Riese' und der Graf setzen sich durch – media control" [Music charts of the year: 'Gentle giant' and der Graf]. media-control.de (in German). January 6, 2011. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011. Retrieved January 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Gold-/Platin-Datenbank (Israel Kamakawiwo'ole; 'Over the Rainbow')" (in German). Bundesverband Musikindustrie.
Jump up ^ "oe3.ORF.at / woche 42/2010". Charts.orf.at. Retrieved January 24, 2011.

tag: ol


document_title: Oregon Territory

question_text: who did the us get oregon country from

question_tokens: who did the us get oregon country from

text: Oregon Territory

text: Background[edit]

text: Originally inhabited by Native Americans, the region that became the Oregon Territory was explored by Europeans first by sea. The first documented voyage of exploration was made in 1777 by the Spanish, and both British and American vessels visited the region not long thereafter.[1][2] Subsequent land-based exploration by Alexander Mackenzie and the Lewis and Clark Expedition and development of the fur trade in the region strengthened the competing claims of Great Britain and the United States.[3]

text: The competing interests of the two foremost claimants were addressed in the Treaty of 1818, which sanctioned a "joint occupation", by British and Americans, of a vast "Oregon Country" (as the American side called it) that comprehended the present-day U.S. states of Oregon, Washington, and Idaho, parts of Montana and Wyoming, and the portion of what is now the Canadian province of British Columbia south of the parallel 54°40′ north.[4]

text: Formation[edit]

text: During the period of joint occupation, most activity in the region outside of the activities of the indigenous people came from the fur trade, which was dominated by the British Hudson's Bay Company.[5] Over time, some trappers began to settle down in the area and began farming, and missionaries started to arrive in the 1830s.[5] Some settlers also began arriving in the late 1830s, and covered wagons crossed the Oregon Trail beginning in 1841.[6] At that time, no government existed in the Oregon Country, as no one nation held dominion over the territory.

text: A group of settlers in the Willamette Valley began meeting in 1841 to discuss organizing a government for the area.[7] These earliest documented discussions, mostly concerning forming a government, were held in an early pioneer and Native American encampment and later town known as Champoeg, Oregon.[7] These first Champoeg Meetings eventually led to further discussions, and in 1843 the creation of the Provisional Government of Oregon.[7] In 1846, the Oregon boundary dispute between the U.S. and Britain was settled with the signing of the Oregon Treaty.[4] The British gained sole possession of the land north of the 49th parallel and all of Vancouver Island, with the United States receiving the territory south of that line.

text: The United States federal government left their part of the region unorganized for two years until news of the Whitman massacre reached the United States Congress and helped to facilitate the organization of the region into a U.S. territory.[8] On August 14, 1848, Congress passed the Act to Establish the Territorial Government of Oregon, which created what was officially the Territory of Oregon.[8] The Territory of Oregon originally encompassed all of the present-day states of Idaho, Oregon and Washington, as well as those parts of present-day Montana and Wyoming west of the Continental Divide.[8] Its southern border was the 42nd parallel north (the boundary of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819), and it extended north to the 49th parallel. Oregon City, Oregon, was designated as the first capital.[9]

text: Government[edit]

text: The territorial government consisted of a governor, a marshal, a secretary, an attorney, and a three-judge supreme court.[8] Judges on the court also sat as trial level judges as they rode circuit across the territory.[8] All of these offices were filled by appointment by the President of the United States.[8] The two-chamber Oregon Territorial Legislature was responsible for passing laws, with seats in both the upper-chamber council and lower-chamber house of representatives filled by local elections held each year.[8]

text: Taxation took the form of an annual property tax of 0.25% for territorial purposes with an additional county tax not to exceed this amount.[10] This tax was to be paid on all town lots and improvements, mills, carriages, clocks and watches, and livestock; farmland and farm products were not taxed.[10] In addition, a poll tax of 50 cents for every qualified voter under age 60 was assessed and a graduated schedule of merchants' licenses established, ranging from the peddlar's rate of $10 per year to a $60 annual fee on firms with more than $20,000 of capital.[10]

text: Gaining statehood[edit]

text: Oregon City served as the seat of government from 1848 to 1851, followed by Salem from 1851 to 1855. Corvallis served briefly as the capital in 1855, followed by a permanent return to Salem later that year.[11] In 1853, the portion of the territory north of the lower Columbia River and north of the 46th parallel east of the river was organized into the Washington Territory.[12] The Oregon Constitutional Convention was held in 1857 to draft a constitution in preparation for becoming a state, with the convention delegates approving the document in September, and then general populace approving the document in November.[13]

text: On February 14, 1859, the territory entered the Union as the U.S. state of Oregon within its current boundaries.[13] The remaining eastern portion of the territory (the portions in present-day southern Idaho and western Wyoming) was added to the Washington Territory.

text: Territorial evolution of Oregon[edit]

text:
Territorial evolution of the United States

International territory that would later become part of the Territory of Oregon:

Oregon Country, 1818–1846

Provisional Government of Oregon, 1843–1849 (extralegal)

U.S. territories that encompassed land that was previously part of the Territory of Oregon:

State of Deseret, 1849–1850 (extralegal)
Territory of Washington, 1853–1889
Territory of Jefferson, 1859–1861 (extralegal)
Territory of Nebraska, 1854–1867
Territory of Dakota, 1861–1889
Territory of Idaho, 1863–1890
Territory of Montana, 1864–1889
Territory of Wyoming, 1868–1890

U.S. states that encompass land that was once part of the Territory of Oregon:

Oregon, 1859
Montana, 1889
Washington, 1889
Idaho, 1890
Wyoming, 1890


document_title: Lake Las Vegas

question_text: where does the water for lake las vegas come from

text: Lake Las Vegas

text: History[edit]

text: Actor J. Carlton Adair conceived Lake Las Vegas around 1967 as Lake Adair. At the time he purchased the land and water rights. In 1987, Ronald Boeddeker acquired 2,000 acres (810 ha) from the US Government when Adair went bankrupt.[2][3]

text: The property was acquired by Transcontinental Properties in 1990. In 1995, Henry Gluck, the former Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Caesars World, became the co-Chairman of Transcontinental Properties.[7] With Sid Bass and Lee Bass, two billionaires from Fort Worth, Texas, he developed the new community.[7] The project cost US$5 billion.[7]

text: The lake was built on top of the Las Vegas Wash, which continues to flow under the lake in two 96-inch  (2.4 m) diameter pipes.[8]  Water diversion to fill the lake began in 1990.[5]  The lake was filled with 3 billion US gallons (11,000,000 m3) of water.[6]

text: Lake at Las Vegas Joint Venture, LLC filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy on July 17, 2008. Debts were estimated at between $500 million and $1 billion.[4]

text: Lake Las Vegas emerged from bankruptcy in July 2010 with a plan that took nearly two years to complete.  All existing debt was wiped away and the development has $30 million in hand to complete several of the unfinished infrastructure projects.  The Lake Las Vegas bankruptcy creditors, not Lake Las Vegas development themselves, have filed a lawsuit against the former insiders (Bass Brothers, TransContinental, etc.). The creditors' theory is that the $500 million equity loan the former insiders took against the property caused the demise of Lake Las Vegas.  The creditors are hoping to recoup money from the former insiders.  In a related action, resort property owners are suing lender Credit Suisse as part of a multibillion-dollar lawsuit led by bankrupt Yellowstone Club founder Timothy Blixseth and his son Beau Blixseth who claim the Lake Las Vegas Joint Venture bankruptcy was caused by a "loan to own" scheme between the bank and resort developers.[9]

text: The golf course was purchased by Nevada South Shore LLC, a Hawaii-based corporation for $4.5 million on February 17, 2011.[10]

text: The Ritz Carlton, Lake Las Vegas, closed after 8 years of operation on  May 2, 2010.[11]  The Ritz Carlton was then reopened by international boutique hotelier Dolce Hotels on February 11, 2011, as the Ravella at Lake Las Vegas.[10] On April 30, 2013, Kam Sang Co. announced that the Ravella would be renamed the Hilton Lake Las Vegas, the name under which the hotel continues to operate.[12] The Hilton opened June 6, 2013.[13]

text: Lake Las Vegas was the subject of a lawsuit between investment fund Claymore Holdings and Credit Suisse, which was the agent for a syndicate of entities that loaned $540 million to develop the property. Claymore and others accused Credit Suisse of fraudulently inflating the value of the development in order to generate higher fees for itself.[14] The core of the allegations centered on a new appraisal methodology conceived of by Credit Suisse executive David Miller, who in internal emails is referred to as Credit Suisse’s Dr. Frankenstein.[15] In 2015, a Texas judge ordered Credit Suisse to pay $288 million to Highland, Claymore and others.  The verdict was partially offset by other payments to Highland, meaning that Claymore received most of the Credit Suisse judgment.[16]

text: Casino MonteLago/Lake Las Vegas Event Center[edit]

text:
Casino MonteLago/Lake Las Vegas Event Center
Wikimedia | © OpenStreetMap Location
Henderson, Nevada Address
8 Strada di VillaggioOpening date
May 8, 2003Closing date
October 29, 2013Theme
EuropeanTotal gaming space
40,000 sq ft (3,700 m2)Casino type
Land-basedOwner
Kam Sang Co.Operating license holder
Intrepid GamingRenovated in
2011

text: Casino MonteLago was opened on May 8, 2003, having been built by Cook Inlet Region, Inc., an Alaska Native shareholder owned corporation.[17] The casino closed for the first time on March 14, 2010, due to the Great Recession;[18] but on May 26, 2011, after renovation, the casino re-opened to the public.[19] In November 2012, the casino was acquired along with the Ravella at Lake Las Vegas for a total of $47 million by Kam Sang Co., a California-based real estate developer.[20] The casino closed for the second time on October 29, 2013, as a result of a lease dispute between Kam Sang and the casino's operators.[21] In the beginning of 2016, the facility reopened as the Lake Las Vegas Event Center, hosting special events, exhibits and entertainment. It is attached to the Hilton Lake Las Vegas and accessible from MonteLago Village.[22]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
^ Jump up to: a b Dickensheets, Scott (November 2000). "Is Lake Las Vegas Half Full or Half Empty?". Las Vegas Life.

^ Jump up to: a b Knightly, Arnold M. (2008-01-09). "Lake Las Vegas properties change hands". Las Vegas Review-Journal. pp. 1D, 4D. Retrieved 2008-01-13.

^ Jump up to: a b Vaucher, Andréa R. (2008-01-10). "Lakeside resort trumps Las Vegas". International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 2008-01-13.

^ Jump up to: a b "Lake Las Vegas Filed For Chapter 11". KTNV. 2008-07-17. Retrieved 2008-07-17.

^ Jump up to: a b "LAKE LAS VEGAS RESORT TIMELINE". Archived from the original on 2007-12-29. Retrieved 2008-01-13.

^ Jump up to: a b "EDITORIAL: Lake Las Vegas -- dry?". Las Vegas Review-Journal. 2008-08-02. Retrieved 2008-08-02.

^ Jump up to: a b c Julie Tamaki, Viva Luxe Vegas, The Los Angeles Times, August 01, 1999

Jump up ^ "Wash Tour". Las Vegas Wash Project Coordination Team. Archived from the original on 2008-04-11. Retrieved 2008-01-13.

Jump up ^ Palank, Jaqueline (January 5, 2010). "Luxury-Property Owners Sue Credit Suisse for $24 Billion". The Wall Street Journal.

^ Jump up to: a b Takahashi, Paul (Feb 11, 2011). "New hotel banks on Lake Las Vegas bouncing back". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved 2011-03-11.

Jump up ^ Finnegan, Amanda (February 8, 2010). "Ritz-Carlton Lake Las Vegas to close in May". Las Vegas Sun.

Jump up ^ Segall, Eli (April 30, 2013). "Lake Las Vegas hotel getting new name — again". Vegas Inc.

Jump up ^ "Hilton Hotels & Resorts Makes Lake Las Vegas Debut" (Press release). Hilton Hotels & Resorts. June 6, 2013.

Jump up ^ Checkler, Joseph; Fitzgerald, Patrick. "Emails About Loans Plague Credit Suisse". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 December 2014.

Jump up ^ Celarier, Michelle. "Hedge fund giant claims Suisse's appraisals full of holes". New York Post. Retrieved 5 December 2014.

Jump up ^ "Highland Gets $288M From Credit Suisse For Land Deal Fraud - Law360". www.law360.com.

Jump up ^ Finnegan, Amanda (April 1, 2011). "License sought to operate shuttered Casino MonteLago". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved April 14, 2011.

Jump up ^ Finnegan, Amanda (February 16, 2010). "Casino MonteLago at Lake Las Vegas to close next month". Las Vegas Sun. Retrieved September 22, 2010.

Jump up ^ Benson, Liz (May 26, 2011). "Casino MonteLago reopens at Lake Las Vegas". Vegas Inc.

Jump up ^ Wargo, Buck (November 29, 2012). "California company buys Ravella, Casino MonteLago for $46.8 million". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved 2012-11-29.

Jump up ^ Segall, Eli (October 29, 2013). "Casino MonteLago at Lake Las Vegas closes over lease issues". Vegas Inc. Retrieved 2013-11-02.

Jump up ^ Thilmont, Greg (June 28, 2015). "Lake Las Vegas starts comeback from Great Recession". Las Vegas Review-Journal. Las Vegas Review-Journal. Retrieved September 6, 2015.