document_title: 1980 Philadelphia Phillies season

question_text: who had the highest batting average on the 1980 phillies

text: 1980 Philadelphia Phillies season

text: Off-season[edit]

text:
December 13, 1978: Greg Gross was signed as a free agent by the team.[2]
December 20, 1979: Jerry Willard was signed as an amateur free agent.[3]
March 30, 1980: Dave Rader was traded by the Phillies to the Boston Red Sox for a player to be named later and cash. The Red Sox completed the deal by sending Stan Papi to the Phillies on May 12.[4]

text: Regular season[edit]

text: Season standings[edit]

text:
v
t
e

NL East
W
L
Pct.
GB
Home
Road

Philadelphia Phillies
91
71
0.562
—
49–32
42–39

Montreal Expos
90
72
0.556
1
51–29
39–43

Pittsburgh Pirates
83
79
0.512
8
47–34
36–45

St. Louis Cardinals
74
88
0.457
17
41–40
33–48

New York Mets
67
95
0.414
24
38–44
29–51

Chicago Cubs
64
98
0.395
27
37–44
27–54

text: Record vs. opponents[edit]

text:
1980 National League Records

v
t
e

Sources: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12]

Team
ATL
CHC
CIN
HOU
LAD
MON
NYM
PHI
PIT
SD
SF
STL

Atlanta
—
8–4
2–16
7–11
11–7
5–7
3–9
5–7
11–1
12–6
11–6
6–6

Chicago
4–8
—
7–5
1–11
5–7
6–12
10–8
5–13
8–10
4–8
5–7
9–9

Cincinnati
16–2
5–7
—
8–10
9–9
3–9
8–4
7–5
6–6
15–3–1
7–11
5–7

Houston
11–7
11–1
10–8
—
9–10
5–7
8–4
3–9
7–5
11–7
11–7
7–5

Los Angeles
7–11
7–5
9–9
10–9
—
11–1
7–5
6–6
6–6
9–9
13–5
7–5

Montreal
7–5
12–6
9–3
7–5
1–11
—
10–8
9–9
6–12
10–2
7–5
12–6

New York
9–3
8–10
4–8
4–8
5–7
8–10
—
6–12
10–8
1–11
3–9
9–9

Philadelphia
7-5
13–5
5–7
9–3
6–6
9–9
12–6
—
7–11
8–4
6–6
9–9

Pittsburgh
1–11
10–8
6–6
5–7
6–6
12–6
8–10
11–7
—
6–6
8–4
10–8

San Diego
6–12
8–4
3–15–1
7–11
9–9
2–10
11–1
4–8
6–6
—
10–8
7–5

San Francisco
6–11
7–5
11–7
7–11
5–13
5–7
9–3
6–6
4–8
8–10
—
7–5

St. Louis
6–6
9–9
7–5
5–7
5–7
6–12
9–9
9–9
8–10
5–7
5–7
—

text: Opening Day lineup[edit]

text:
Pete Rose, 1B[5]
Bake McBride, RF[5]
Garry Maddox, CF[5]
Mike Schmidt, 3B[5]
Greg Luzinski, LF[5]
Bob Boone, C[5]
Larry Bowa, SS[5]
Manny Trillo, 2B[5]
Steve Carlton, P[5]

text: Notable transactions[edit]

text:
April 7, 1980: Roger Freed was signed as a free agent by the Phillies.[6]
April 29, 1980: Juan Samuel was signed as an amateur free agent by the Phillies.[7]
June 3, 1980: 1980 Major League Baseball draft

Steve Jeltz was drafted by the Phillies in the 9th round.[8]
Rocky Childress was drafted by the Phillies in the 21st round.[9]
Darren Daulton was drafted by the Phillies in the 25th round.[10]
Kevin Romine was drafted by the Phillies in the 1st round (21st pick) of the secondary phase, but did not sign.[11]

July 17, 1980: Lerrin LaGrow was released by the Phillies.[12]
September 13, 1980: The Phillies traded a player to be named later to the Texas Rangers for Sparky Lyle. The Phillies completed the deal by sending Kevin Saucier to the Rangers on November 19.[13]

text: Game log[edit]

text:
1980 game log (Overall Record: 91–71)

April (6–9)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

1
April 11
Expos
6–3
Steve Carlton (1–0)
Steve Rogers (0–1)
None
48,460
1–0

2
April 12
Expos
6–2
Dick Ruthven (1–0)
Bill Lee (0–1)
Tug McGraw (1)
22,065
2–0

3
April 13
Expos
4–5 (10)
Elías Sosa (1–0)
Lerrin LaGrow (0–1)
None
28,132
2–1

4
April 15
@ Cardinals
2–7
Pete Vuckovich (2–0)
Randy Lerch (0–1)
None
8,166
2–2

5
April 16
@ Cardinals
8–3
Steve Carlton (2–0)
Bob Forsch (0–1)
None
10,911
3–2

6
April 18
@ Expos
5–7
Scott Sanderson (1–0)
Dick Ruthven (1–1)
Woodie Fryman (1)
41,222
3–3

7
April 19
@ Expos
13–4
Larry Christenson (1–0)
Steve Rogers (1–2)
Dickie Noles (1)
23,088
4–3

8
April 20
@ Expos
6–7
Elías Sosa (2–0)
Tug McGraw (0–1)
None
25,722
4–4

9
April 21
Mets
0–3
Ray Burris (2–1)
Steve Carlton (2–1)
Neil Allen (4)
23,856
4–5

10
April 22
Mets
14–8
Kevin Saucier (1–0)
Kevin Kobel (0–2)
None
21,341
5–5

11
April 23
Mets
2–3
Mark Bomback (1–0)
Lerrin LaGrow (0–2)
Jeff Reardon (1)
23,025
5–6

12
April 25
Cardinals
1–3
Pete Vuckovich (3–1)
Randy Lerch (0–2)
Mark Littell (1)
30,516
5–7

13
April 26
Cardinals
7–0
Steve Carlton (3–1)
John Fulgham (1–2)
None
25,168
6–7

14
April 27
Cardinals
1–10
Bob Forsch (1–1)
Dick Ruthven (1–2)
None
28,200
6–8

–
April 29
@ Mets
Postponed (rain);[14] Makeup: August 17 as a traditional double-header

15
April 30
@ Mets
0–2
Mark Bomback (2–0)
Randy Lerch (0–3)
None
4,559
6–9

May (17–9)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

16
May 1
@ Mets
2–1
Steve Carlton (4–1)
Pete Falcone (1–2)
Tug McGraw (2)
5,928
7–9

17
May 2
Dodgers
9–5
Ron Reed (1–0)
Charlie Hough (0–1)
None
30,294
8–9

18
May 3
Dodgers
7–3
Larry Christenson (2–0)
Burt Hooton (2–2)
None
35,011
9–9

19
May 4
Dodgers
10–12[a]
Joe Beckwith (2–0)
Dickie Noles (0–1)
Jerry Reuss (1)
34,027
9–10

20
May 5
Braves
7–1
Steve Carlton (5–1)
Rick Matula (2–2)
None
26,165
10–10

21
May 6
Braves
10–5
Dick Ruthven (2–2)
Doyle Alexander (0–2)
Dickie Noles (2)
25,302
11–10

–
May 7
Braves
Postponed (rain);[15] Makeup: July 25 as a traditional double-header

22
May 9
@ Reds
2–5
Charlie Leibrandt (3–2)
Randy Lerch (0–4)
None
32,583
11–11

23
May 10
@ Reds
3–5
Tom Seaver (2–1)
Steve Carlton (5–2)
Tom Hume (5)
28,919
11–12

24
May 11
@ Reds
7–3
Dick Ruthven (3–2)
Mike LaCoss (3–3)
None
25,920
12–12

25
May 13
@ Braves
3–7
Doyle Alexander (1–2)
Randy Lerch (0–5)
Rick Camp (1)
10,146
12–13

26
May 14
@ Braves
9–1
Steve Carlton (6–2)
Larry McWilliams (2–3)
None
4,625
13–13

27
May 16
@ Astros
3–0
Dick Ruthven (4–2)
J. R. Richard (4–2)
None
33,610
14–13

28
May 17
@ Astros
4–2
Larry Christenson (3–0)
Joe Niekro (4–3)
Dickie Noles (3)
43,525
15–13

29
May 18
@ Astros
0–3
Nolan Ryan (2–3)
Randy Lerch (0–6)
None
33,950
15–14

30
May 19
Reds
6–4
Steve Carlton (7–2)
Frank Pastore (4–2)
Ron Reed (1)
25,109
16–14

31
May 20
Reds
6–7
Paul Moskau (2–0)
Dick Ruthven (4–3)
Doug Bair (3)
25,202
16–15

32
May 21
Reds
9–8
Ron Reed (2–0)
Tom Hume (3–4)
None
26,099
17–15

33
May 23
Astros
3–0
Steve Carlton (8–2)
Nolan Ryan (2–4)
None
27,822
18–15

34
May 24
Astros
5–4
Kevin Saucier (2–0)
Joaquín Andújar (0–2)
Tug McGraw (3)
28,539
19–15

35
May 25
Astros
6–2
Dick Ruthven (5–3)
Ken Forsch (5–3)
None
37,349
20–15

36
May 26
Pirates
7–6
Ron Reed (3–0)
Kent Tekulve (5–3)
None
45,394
21–15

37
May 27
Pirates
2–3 (13)
Enrique Romo (3–0)
Dickie Noles (0–2)
Kent Tekulve (6)
35,989
21–16

38
May 28
Pirates
6–3
Randy Lerch (1–6)
Don Robinson (1–1)
Ron Reed (2)
30,209
22–16

39
May 29
Pirates
4–5
Eddie Solomon (2–0)
Dick Ruthven (5–4)
Enrique Romo (2)
30,630
22–17

40
May 30
@ Cubs
7–10
Rick Reuschel (4–4)
Dan Larson (0–1)
None
8,632
22–18

41
May 31
@ Cubs
7–0
Steve Carlton (9–2)
Willie Hernández (1–4)
None
26,937
23–18

June (14–14)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

42
June 1
@ Cubs
4–5
Dick Tidrow (2–0)
Ron Reed (3–1)
Bruce Sutter (11)
20,051
23–19

43
June 2
@ Pirates
3–9
Don Robinson (2–1)
Randy Lerch (1–7)
None
19,990
23–20

44
June 3
@ Pirates
3–4
Grant Jackson (5–1)
Tug McGraw (0–2)
None
22,141
23–21

45
June 4
@ Pirates
4–3
Steve Carlton (10–2)
John Candelaria (2–5)
None
31,075
24–21

46
June 6
Cubs
6–5
Bob Walk (1–0)
Mike Krukow (3–6)
Tug McGraw (4)
30,189
25–21

47
June 7
Cubs
5–2
Randy Lerch (2–7)
Rick Reuschel (5–5)
Dickie Noles (4)
31,153
26–21

48
June 8
Cubs
0–2
Lynn McGlothen (3–2)
Dick Ruthven (5–5)
Bruce Sutter (12)
40,206
26–22

49
June 9
Giants
1–3
Allen Ripley (1–0)
Dickie Noles (0–3)
Greg Minton (2)
28,702
26–23

50
June 10
Giants
4–3
Kevin Saucier (3–0)
Bob Knepper (4–8)
Ron Reed (3)
32,635
27–23

51
June 11
Giants
4–7
Ed Whitson (3–7)
Randy Lerch (2–8)
Greg Minton (3)
37,844
27–24

52
June 13
Padres
9–6
Dick Ruthven (6–5)
Randy Jones (4–6)
None
37,873
28–24

53
June 14
Padres
3–1
Steve Carlton (11–2)
Steve Mura (0–2)
Tug McGraw (5)
35,231
29–24

54
June 15
Padres
8–5
Bob Walk (2–0)
Rick Wise (3–4)
Lerrin LaGrow (1)
36,374
30–24

55
June 16
@ Dodgers
3–2 (12)
Ron Reed (4–1)
Rick Sutcliffe (1–4)
Tug McGraw (6)
41,340
31–24

56
June 17
@ Dodgers
6–5
Ron Reed (5–1)
Bobby Castillo (1–3)
Tug McGraw (7)
40,786
32–24

57
June 18
@ Padres
5–1
Steve Carlton (12–2)
Bob Shirley (5–3)
None
15,621
33–24

58
June 19
@ Padres
3–4
Dennis Kinney (2–1)
Kevin Saucier (3–1)
Rollie Fingers (8)
16,712
33–25

59
June 20
@ Giants
1–5
Allen Ripley (2–1)
Dan Larson (0–2)
None
9,490
33–26

60
June 21
@ Giants
3–9
Ed Whitson (5–7)
Randy Lerch (2–9)
None
11,809
33–27

61
June 22
@ Giants
4–3
Steve Carlton (13–2)
Vida Blue (9–4)
None
27,315
34–27

62
June 24
Expos
6–7 (10)
Elías Sosa (5–3)
Tug McGraw (0–3)
None
32,101
34–28

63
June 25
Expos
2–1 (10)
Ron Reed (6–1)
Stan Bahnsen (5–2)
None
31,416
35–28

64
June 26
Expos
0–1
Scott Sanderson (7–4)
Randy Lerch (2–10)
None
31,696
35–29

65
June 27
Mets
2–3
John Pacella (1–0)
Steve Carlton (13–3)
Tom Hausman (1)
37,123
35–30

66
June 28 (1)
Mets
1–2 (11)
Neil Allen (4–5)
Ron Reed (6–2)
None
see 2nd game
35–31

67
June 28 (2)
Mets
4–5
Tom Hausman (3–2)
Kevin Saucier (3–2)
Neil Allen (13)
47,169
35–32

68
June 29
Mets
5–2
Bob Walk (3–0)
Pat Zachry (2–5)
Lerrin LaGrow (2)
41,113
36–32

69
June 30
@ Expos
7–5
Dickie Noles (1–3)
Bill Gullickson (0–2)
Ron Reed (4)
36,347
37–32

July (15–14)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

70
July 1
@ Expos
5–4 (11)
Randy Lerch (3–10)
Woodie Fryman (1–3)
Lerrin LaGrow (3)
33,761
38–32

71
July 2
@ Expos
1–6
Steve Rogers (10–6)
Steve Carlton (13–4)
None
23,233
38–33

72
July 3 (1)
@ Cardinals
2–1
Dick Ruthven (7–5)
Bob Forsch (5–6)
None
see 2nd game
39–33

73
July 3 (2)
@ Cardinals
8–1
Bob Walk (4–0)
Jim Otten (0–3)
None
38,038
40–33

74
July 4
@ Cardinals
0–1 (10)
Bob Sykes (3–6)
Kevin Saucier (3–3)
None
15,481
40–34

75
July 5
@ Cardinals
1–6
Jim Kaat (3–6)
Randy Lerch (3–11)
None
27,932
40–35

76
July 6
@ Cardinals
8–3
Steve Carlton (14–4)
Pete Vuckovich (7–6)
None
17,769
41–35

–
July 8
1980 Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles

77
July 10
Cubs
5–3
Dick Ruthven (8–5)
Mike Krukow (6–10)
Dickie Noles (5)
33,130
42–35

78
July 11
Cubs
7–2
Bob Walk (5–0)
Lynn McGlothen (6–6)
Ron Reed (5)
50,204
43–35

79
July 12
Pirates
5–4
Kevin Saucier (4–3)
Kent Tekulve (5–5)
None
53,254
44–35

80
July 13
Pirates
3–7
Don Robinson (3–4)
Nino Espinosa (0–1)
Kent Tekulve (11)
48,132
44–36

81
July 14
Pirates
11–13
Grant Jackson (7–2)
Ron Reed (6–3)
None
44,245
44–37

82
July 15
@ Astros
2–3
Joe Sambito (4–1)
Dick Ruthven (8–6)
None
24,223
44–38

83
July 16
@ Astros
4–2
Bob Walk (6–0)
Ken Forsch (8–9)
None
28,532
45–38

84
July 17
@ Astros
2–1
Steve Carlton (15–4)
Joe Niekro (10–8)
None
26,403
46–38

85
July 18
@ Braves
7–2
Nino Espinosa (1–1)
Phil Niekro (7–12)
Dickie Noles (6)
13,908
47–38

86
July 19 (1)
@ Braves
2–5
Doyle Alexander (8–5)
Dick Ruthven (8–7)
None
see 2nd game
47–39

87
July 19 (2)
@ Braves
2–7
Tommy Boggs (4–5)
Dan Larson (0–3)
Rick Camp (4)
35,524
47–40

88
July 20
@ Braves
2–3
Larry McWilliams (7–6)
Bob Walk (6–1)
None
9,335
47–41

89
July 21
@ Reds
4–5
Charlie Leibrandt (9–6)
Randy Lerch (3–12)
Tom Hume (15)
27,177
47–42

90
July 22
@ Reds
2–3
Mario Soto (4–4)
Steve Carlton (15–5)
None
28,079
47–43

91
July 23
@ Reds
3–7
Bruce Berenyi (2–0)
Nino Espinosa (1–2)
Tom Hume (16)
29,614
47–44

92
July 25 (1)
Braves
5–4 (12)
Dick Ruthven (9–7)
Rick Camp (3–4)
None
see 2nd game
48–44

93
July 25 (2)
Braves
0–3
Tommy Boggs (5–5)
Dan Larson (0–4)
None
38,408
48–45

94
July 26
Braves
6–3
Bob Walk (7–1)
Phil Niekro (8–13)
Ron Reed (6)
33,112
49–45

95
July 27
Braves
17–4
Steve Carlton (16–5)
Rick Matula (6–9)
None
35,249
50–45

96
July 28
Astros
2–3 (10)
Joe Sambito (6–1)
Ron Reed (6–4)
None
30,181
50–46

97
July 29
Astros
9–6
Kevin Saucier (5–3)
Frank LaCorte (7–3)
Tug McGraw (8)
30,252
51–46

98
July 30
Astros
6–4
Dick Ruthven (10–7)
Nolan Ryan (5–8)
Tug McGraw (9)
31,342
52–46

August (16–14)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

99
August 1
Reds
3–1
Bob Walk (8–1)
Charlie Leibrandt (9–7)
Tug McGraw (10)
37,409
53–46

100
August 2
Reds
0–2
Mike LaCoss (6–9)
Steve Carlton (16–6)
None
43,244
53–47

101
August 3
Reds
8–4
Nino Espinosa (2–2)
Bruce Berenyi (2–2)
Ron Reed (7)
41,328
54–47

–
August 5
Cardinals
Postponed (rain);[16] Makeup: September 12 as a traditional double-header

102
August 6
Cardinals
0–14
Bob Sykes (5–8)
Bob Walk (8–2)
None
31,629
54–48

103
August 7
Cardinals
3–2
Steve Carlton (17–6)
John Fulgham (3–4)
Tug McGraw (11)
31,397
55–48

104
August 8
@ Pirates
5–6
Kent Tekulve (8–5)
Tug McGraw (0–4)
Enrique Romo (8)
30,354
55–49

105
August 9
@ Pirates
1–4
John Candelaria (8–11)
Nino Espinosa (2–3)
Kent Tekulve (16)
39,984
55–50

106
August 10 (1)
@ Pirates
1–7
Jim Bibby (14–2)
Randy Lerch (3–13)
None
see 2nd game
55–51

107
August 10 (2)
@ Pirates
1–4
Don Robinson (4–5)
Dan Larson (0–5)
Kent Tekulve (17)
37,323
55–52

108
August 11
@ Cubs
8–5 (15)[b]
Warren Brusstar (1–0)
George Riley (0–2)
None
10,805
56–52

109
August 12
@ Cubs
5–2
Steve Carlton (18–6)
Mike Krukow (7–12)
None
20,808
57–52

110
August 13
@ Cubs
1–2
Dick Tidrow (5–3)
Dick Ruthven (10–8)
None
13,215
57–53

111
August 14
@ Mets
8–1
Nino Espinosa (3–3)
Pat Zachry (6–6)
None
20,149
58–53

112
August 15
@ Mets
8–0
Larry Christenson (4–0)
Mark Bomback (9–4)
Tug McGraw (12)
40,436
59–53

113
August 16
@ Mets
11–6
Bob Walk (9–2)
Craig Swan (5–9)
None
23,514
60–53

114
August 17 (1)
@ Mets
9–4
Steve Carlton (19–6)
Ray Burris (6–7)
None
see 2nd game
61–53

115
August 17 (2)
@ Mets
4–1
Randy Lerch (4–13)
Roy Lee Jackson (1–4)
Ron Reed (8)
25,458
62–53

116
August 19
Padres
7–4
Dick Ruthven (11–8)
Bob Shirley (9–9)
Tug McGraw (13)
30,588
63–53

117
August 20
Padres
5–7
John Curtis (5–8)
Nino Espinosa (3–4)
Rollie Fingers (16)
30,403
63–54

118
August 21
Padres
9–8 (17)
Kevin Saucier (6–3)
Dennis Kinney (4–5)
None
36,201
64–54

119
August 22
Giants
3–4 (10)
Al Holland (5–2)
Steve Carlton (19–7)
None
36,073
64–55

120
August 23
Giants
2–6
Allen Ripley (7–6)
Larry Christenson (4–1)
None
38,541
64–56

121
August 24
Giants
7–1[c]
Dick Ruthven (12–8)
Bob Knepper (9–15)
None
37,325
65–56

122
August 25
Dodgers
4–8
Don Stanhouse (2–2)
Dickie Noles (1–4)
None
34,267
65–57

123
August 26
Dodgers
4–8
Bobby Castillo (4–6)
Bob Walk (9–3)
None
35,358
65–58

124
August 27
Dodgers
4–3
Steve Carlton (20–7)
Steve Howe (6–6)
Tug McGraw (14)
39,116
66–58

125
August 29
@ Padres
3–2
Larry Christenson (5–1)
Steve Mura (4–7)
Tug McGraw (15)
10,742
67–58

126
August 30 (1)
@ Padres
6–1
Dick Ruthven (13–8)
Bob Shirley (9–10)
None
see 2nd game
68–58

127
August 30 (2)
@ Padres
1–5
John Curtis (6–8)
Nino Espinosa (3–5)
None
13,209
68–59

128
August 31
@ Padres
3–10
Gary Lucas (5–7)
Bob Walk (9–4)
Rollie Fingers (18)
7,815
68–60

September (19–10)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

129
September 1
@ Giants
6–4
Steve Carlton (21–7)
Greg Minton (3–5)
None
16,952
69–60

130
September 2
@ Giants
2–1 (13)
Ron Reed (7–4)
Al Holland (5–3)
None
6,135
70–60

131
September 3
@ Giants
4–3
Dick Ruthven (14–8)
Allen Ripley (7–8)
Tug McGraw (16)
5,504
71–60

132
September 4
@ Dodgers
3–2
Bob Walk (10–4)
Jerry Reuss (16–5)
Tug McGraw (17)
41,864
72–60

133
September 5
@ Dodgers
0–1
Don Sutton (10–4)
Steve Carlton (21–8)
Don Stanhouse (5)
41,019
72–61

134
September 6
@ Dodgers
3–7
Bob Welch (12–9)
Randy Lerch (4–14)
Steve Howe (15)
45,995
72–62

135
September 7
@ Dodgers
0–6
Bobby Castillo (6–6)
Dick Ruthven (14–9)
None
39,083
72–63

136
September 8
Pirates
6–2
Tug McGraw (1–4)
Enrique Romo (5–5)
None
40,576
73–63

137
September 9
Pirates
5–4 (14)
Warren Brusstar (2–0)
Mark Lee (0–1)
None
43,333
74–63

138
September 10
@ Mets
5–0
Marty Bystrom (1–0)
Mark Bomback (9–7)
None
6,748
75–63

139
September 11
@ Mets
5–1
Dick Ruthven (15–9)
Ray Burris (7–11)
None
6,376
76–63

140
September 12 (1)
Cardinals
4–7
Pete Vuckovich (11–9)
Bob Walk (10–5)
John Urrea (2)
see 2nd game
76–64

141
September 12 (2)
Cardinals
0–5 (11)
John Littlefield (5–3)
Ron Reed (7–5)
None
44,093
76–65

142
September 13
Cardinals
2–1
Steve Carlton (22–8)
Bob Forsch (11–9)
None
41,728
77–65

143
September 14
Cardinals
8–4
Marty Bystrom (2–0)
Silvio Martínez (5–10)
None
30,137
78–65

144
September 16
@ Pirates
2–3
Jim Bibby (17–5)
Dick Ruthven (15–10)
Kent Tekulve (20)
22,239
78–66

145
September 17
@ Pirates
5–4 (11)
Tug McGraw (2–4)
Kent Tekulve (8–10)
Sparky Lyle (9)
23,650
79–66

146
September 19
@ Cubs
3–4 (11)
Lee Smith (2–0)
Warren Brusstar (2–1)
None
4,352
79–67

147
September 20
@ Cubs
7–3
Marty Bystrom (3–0)
Lynn McGlothen (10–13)
None
11,713
80–67

148
September 21
@ Cubs
7–3
Dick Ruthven (16–10)
Dennis Lamp (10–12)
Ron Reed (9)
10,190
81–67

149
September 22
@ Cardinals
3–2 (10)
Steve Carlton (23–8)
Kim Seaman (3–2)
Tug McGraw (18)
5,654
82–67

150
September 23
@ Cardinals
3–6
Al Olmsted (1–0)
Bob Walk (10–6)
John Littlefield (9)
6,915
82–68

151
September 24
Mets
1–0 (10)
Tug McGraw (3–4)
Neil Allen (7–9)
None
24,258
83–68

152
September 25
Mets
2–1
Marty Bystrom (4–0)
Roy Lee Jackson (1–6)
Sparky Lyle (10)
20,525
84–68

153
September 26
Expos
2–1
Tug McGraw (4–4)
David Palmer (7–6)
None
50,887
85–68

154
September 27
Expos
3–4
Scott Sanderson (16–10)
Steve Carlton (23–9)
Woodie Fryman (17)
53,058
85–69

155
September 28
Expos
3–8
Steve Rogers (16–11)
Bob Walk (10–7)
None
40,305
85–70

156
September 29
Cubs
6–5 (15)
Kevin Saucier (7–3)
Dennis Lamp (10–13)
None
21,127
86–70

157
September 30
Cubs
14–2
Marty Bystrom (5–0)
Lynn McGlothen (11–14)
None
24,349
87–70

October (4–1)[show]

#
Date
Opponent
Score
Win
Loss
Save
Attendance
Record

158
October 1
Cubs
5–0
Steve Carlton (24–9)
Dennis Lamp (10–14)
None
25,658
88–70

159
October 2
Cubs
4–2
Bob Walk (11–7)
Bill Caudill (4–6)
Tug McGraw (19)
23,806
89–70

160
October 3
@ Expos
2–1
Dick Ruthven (17–10)
Scott Sanderson (16–11)
Tug McGraw (20)
57,121
90–70

161
October 4
@ Expos
6–4 (11)
Tug McGraw (5–4)
Stan Bahnsen (7–6)
None
50,794
91–70

162
October 5
@ Expos
7–8 (10)
Charlie Lea (7–5)
Warren Brusstar (2–2)
None
30,104
91–71

^[a] The May 4, 1980, game was protested by the Phillies in the top of the first inning.[17][18] The protest was later denied.[17][19]
^[b] The August 11 game was suspended in the bottom of the 14th with the score 5–5 and was completed August 12, 1980.[20]
^[c] The August 24, 1980, game was protested by the Giants in the bottom of the fourth inning.[21] The protest was later denied.[22]

  Phillies win
  Phillies loss
  Postponement
Bold: Phillies team member

Source:[23]

text: Roster[edit]

text:
1980 Philadelphia Phillies

Roster

Pitchers

40 Warren Brusstar
50 Marty Bystrom
32 Steve Carlton
38 Larry Christenson
43 Mark Davis
35 Nino Espinosa
39 Lerrin LaGrow
49 Dan Larson
47 Randy Lerch
39 Sparky Lyle
45 Tug McGraw
34 Scott Munninghoff
48 Dickie Noles
42 Ron Reed
44 Dick Ruthven
33 Kevin Saucier
41 Bob Walk

Catchers

 8 Bob Boone
17 Don McCormack
 6 Keith Moreland
24 Ozzie Virgil

Infielders

16 Luis Aguayo
15 Ramón Avilés
10 Larry Bowa
22 Jay Loviglio
11 Tim McCarver
14 Pete Rose
20 Mike Schmidt
 9 Manny Trillo
25 Del Unser
18 John Vukovich

Outfielders

30 Bob Dernier
23 Greg Gross
28 Orlando Isales
19 Greg Luzinski
31 Garry Maddox
21 Bake McBride
27 Lonnie Smith
29 George Vukovich

Manager

46 Dallas Green

Coaches

12 Rubén Amaro
 2 Billy DeMars
 3 Lee Elia
 5 Mike Ryan
 4 Herm Starrette
 7 Bobby Wine

text: Player stats[edit]

text: = Indicates team leader

text: Batting[edit]

text: Starters by position[edit]

text: Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; 2B = Doubles; 3B = Triples; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases

text:
Pos
Player
G
AB
R
H
2B
3B
Avg.
HR
RBI
SB

C
Boone, BobBob Boone
141
480
34
110
23
1
.229
9
55
3

1B
Rose, PetePete Rose
162
655
95
185
42
1
.282
1
64
12

2B
Trillo, MannyManny Trillo
141
531
68
155
25
9
.292
7
43
8

3B
Schmidt, MikeMike Schmidt
150
548
104
157
25
8
.286
48
121
12

SS
Bowa, LarryLarry Bowa
147
540
57
144
16
4
.267
2
39
21

LF
Luzinski, GregGreg Luzinski
106
368
44
84
19
1
.228
19
56
3

CF
Maddox, GarryGarry Maddox
143
549
59
142
31
3
.259
11
73
25

RF
McBride, BakeBake McBride
137
554
68
171
33
10
.309
9
87
13

text: Other batters[edit]

text: Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; R = Runs; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in; SB = Stolen bases

text:
Player
G
AB
R
H
Avg.
HR
RBI
SB

Smith, LonnieLonnie Smith
100
298
69
101
.339
3
20
33

Gross, GregGreg Gross
127
154
19
37
.240
0
12
1

Moreland, KeithKeith Moreland
62
159
13
50
.314
4
29
3

Unser, DelDel Unser
96
110
15
29
.264
0
10
0

Avilés, RamónRamón Avilés
51
101
12
28
.277
2
9
0

Vukovich, JohnJohn Vukovich
49
62
4
10
.161
0
5
0

Vukovich, GeorgeGeorge Vukovich
78
58
6
13
.224
0
8
0

Aguayo, LuisLuis Aguayo
20
47
7
13
.277
1
8
1

Dernier, BobBob Dernier
10
7
5
4
.571
0
1
3

Loviglio, JayJay Loviglio
16
5
7
0
.000
0
0
1

McCarver, TimTim McCarver
6
5
2
1
.200
0
2
0

Isales, OrlandoOrlando Isales
3
5
1
2
.400
0
3
0

Virgil, OzzieOzzie Virgil
1
5
1
1
.200
0
0
0

McCormack, DonDon McCormack
2
1
0
1
1.000
0
0
0

text: Pitching[edit]

text: Starting pitchers[edit]

text: Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; BB = Walks allowed; SO = Strikeouts

text:
Player
G
IP
W
L
ERA
BB
SO

Carlton, SteveSteve Carlton
38
304
24
9
2.34
90
286

Ruthven, DickDick Ruthven
33
223.1
17
10
3.55
74
86

Walk, BobBob Walk
27
151.2
11
7
4.57
71
94

Lerch, RandyRandy Lerch
30
150
4
14
5.16
55
57

Espinosa, NinoNino Espinosa
12
76.1
3
5
3.77
19
13

Christenson, LarryLarry Christenson
14
73.2
5
1
4.03
27
49

Bystrom, MartyMarty Bystrom
6
36
5
0
1.50
9
21

text: Other pitchers[edit]

text:
Player
G
IP
W
L
ERA
SO

Larson, DanDan Larson
12
45.2
0
5
3.15
17

Davis, MarkMark Davis
2
7
0
0
2.57
5

text: Relief pitchers[edit]

text: Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; SV = Saves; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts

text:
Player
G
IP
W
L
SV
ERA
SO

McGraw, TugTug McGraw
57
92.1
5
4
20
1.46
75

Reed, RonRon Reed
55
91.1
7
5
9
4.04
9

Noles, DickieDickie Noles
48
81
1
4
6
3.89
57

Saucier, KevinKevin Saucier
40
50
7
3
0
3.42
25

Brusstar, WarrenWarren Brusstar
28
38.2
2
2
0
3.72
21

LaGrow, LerrinLerrin LaGrow
25
39
0
2
3
4.15
21

Lyle, SparkySparky Lyle
10
14
0
0
2
1.93
6

Munninghoff, ScottScott Munninghoff
4
6
0
0
0
4.50
2

text: Postseason[edit]

text: National League Championship Series[edit]

text: Game 1[edit]

text: October 7: Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
7
0

Philadelphia
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
0
X
3
8
1

W: Steve Carlton (1-0)   L: Ken Forsch (0-1)   S: Tug McGraw (1)

HR: HOU – None  PHI – Greg Luzinski (1)

Pitchers: HOU – Forsch  PHI – Carlton, McGraw (8)

Attendance: 65,277

text: Game 2[edit]

text: October 8: Veterans Stadium, Philadelphia

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Houston
0
0
1
0
0
0
1
1
0
4
7
8
1

Philadelphia
0
0
0
2
0
0
0
1
0
1
4
14
2

W: Frank LaCorte (1-0)   L: Ron Reed (0-1)   S: Joaquín Andújar (1)

HR: HOU – None  PHI – None

Pitchers: HOU – Ryan, Sambito (7), Smith (7), LaCorte (9), Andújar (10)  PHI – Ruthven, McGraw (8), Reed (9), Saucier (10)

Attendance: 65,476

text: Game 3[edit]

text: October 10: Astrodome, Houston, Texas

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
R
H
E

Philadelphia
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
7
1

Houston
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
1
6
1

W: Dave Smith (1-0)   L: Tug McGraw (0-1)   S: None

HR: PHI – None  HOU – None

Pitchers: PHI – Christenson, Noles (7), McGraw (8)  HOU – Niekro, Smith (11)

Attendance: 44,443

text: Game 4[edit]

text: October 11: Astrodome, Houston, Texas

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Philadelphia
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
5
13
0

Houston
0
0
0
1
1
0
0
0
1
0
3
5
2

W: Warren Brusstar (1-0)   L: Joe Sambito (0-1)   S: Tug McGraw (2)

HR: PHI – None  HOU – None

Pitchers: PHI – Carlton, Noles (6), Saucier (7), Reed (7), Brusstar (8), McGraw (10)  HOU – Ruhle, Smith (8), Sambito (8)

Attendance: 44,952

text: Game 5[edit]

text: October 12: Astrodome, Houston, Texas

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Philadelphia
0
2
0
0
0
0
0
5
0
1
8
13
2

Houston
1
0
0
0
0
1
3
2
0
0
7
14
0

W: Dick Ruthven (1-0)   L: Frank LaCorte (1-1)   S: None

HR: PHI – None  HOU – None

Pitchers: PHI – Bystrom, Brusstar (6), Christenson (7), Reed (7), McGraw (8), Ruthven (9)  HOU – Ryan, Sambito (8), Forsch (8), LaCorte (9)

Attendance: 44,802

text: World Series[edit]

text: When the modern-day World Series began in 1903, the National and American Leagues each had eight teams. With their victory in the 1980 World Series, the Phillies became the last of the "Original Sixteen" franchises to win a Series.[citation needed] The 1980 World Series was the first World Series to be played entirely on artificial turf. Prior to 1980, the Phillies hadn't won a World Series game since Game 1 of the 1915 World Series against the Boston Red Sox.

text: The series offered many intriguing storylines. Phillies pitcher Bob Walk became the first rookie to start the first game of a World Series since Joe Black of the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1952. The 1980 World Series was the first of numerous World Series that journeyman outfielder Lonnie Smith (then with the Phillies) participated in. He was also a part of the 1982 World Series (as a member of the St. Louis Cardinals), 1985 World Series (as a member of the Kansas City Royals), and the 1991 and 1992 World Series as a member of the Atlanta Braves.

text: Game 6 would be the culmination for the Phillies' first championship. Philadelphia scored two in the third on a Mike Schmidt single. It was all that Steve Carlton and Tug McGraw would need for the 4-1 win. Kansas City threatened by loading the bases in the eighth and the ninth innings before Tug McGraw struck out Willie Wilson for the third out in the final inning.

text: While Mike Schmidt was the official MVP of the 1980 World Series, the Babe Ruth Award (another World Series MVP) was given to Tug McGraw. As of 2011, this is the last World Series in which both participating franchises had yet to win a World Series in their history. This was the first time that had happened since 1920.[citation needed]

text: The entire state of Pennsylvania, not just Philadelphia, celebrated the Phillies' win.[26] Minutes after the final out, Governor Dick Thornburgh declared the next day "Philadelphia Phillies Day."[26][27]

text: NL Philadelphia Phillies (4) vs. AL Kansas City Royals (2)

text:
Game
Score
Date
Location
Attendance
Time of Game

1
Royals 6, Phillies 7
October 14
Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia)
65,791
3:01

2
Royals 4, Phillies 6
October 15
Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia)
65,775
3:01

3
Phillies 3, Royals 4 (10 inns)
October 17
Royals Stadium (Kansas City)
42,380
3:19

4
Phillies 3, Royals 5
October 18
Royals Stadium (Kansas City)
42,363
2:37

5
Phillies 4, Royals 3
October 19
Royals Stadium (Kansas City)
42,369
2:51

6
Royals 1, Phillies 4
October 21
Veterans Stadium (Philadelphia)
65,838
3:00

text: Composite box score[edit]

text: 1980 World Series (4-2): Philadelphia Phillies (N.L.) over Kansas City Royals (A.L.)

text:
Team
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
R
H
E

Philadelphia Phillies
0
2
7
3
5
1
1
6
2
0
27
59
2

Kansas City Royals
5
3
2
1
1
3
4
3
0
1
23
60
7

Total Attendance: 324,516   Average Attendance: 54,086

Winning Player's Share: – $34,693,   Losing Player's Share – $32,212 * Includes Playoffs and World Series

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: In 1980, Mike Schmidt won the National League's Most Valuable Player Award in a unanimous vote. He led the league in home runs with 48 (by a margin of 13 over his nearest competitor). Schmidt was also selected as MVP of the World Series, after hitting two homers and driving in seven runs as his team won their first World Series Championship over the George Brett-led Kansas City Royals.

text: Steve Carlton received the National League Cy Young Award.

text: Tug McGraw received the Babe Ruth Award.

text: Manny Trillo was honored as the MVP of the National League Championship Series.

text: All-Stars[edit]

text:
Steve Carlton, reserve
Pete Rose, reserve
Mike Schmidt, reserve

text: Farm system[edit]

text:
Level
Team
League
Manager

AAA
Oklahoma City 89ers
American Association
Jim Snyder

AA
Reading Phillies
Eastern League
Ron Clark

A
Peninsula Pilots*
Carolina League
Bill Dancy

A
Spartanburg Phillies
South Atlantic League
Tom Harmon

A-Short Season
Bend Phillies
Northwest League
P. J. Carey

Rookie
Helena Phillies
Pioneer League
Roly de Armas

text: * League Champions[28]

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "1980 Philadelphia Philles: Cardiac Kids". Retrieved 2017-02-21.
Jump up ^ Greg Gross at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Jerry Willard at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Dave Rader at Baseball Reference
^ Jump up to: a b c d e f g h i "Apr 11, 1980, Expos at Phillies Box Score and Play by Play". baseball-reference.com. sports-reference.com. April 11, 1980. Retrieved December 2, 2014.
Jump up ^ Roger Freed at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Juan Samuel at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Steve Jeltz at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Rocky Childress at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ Darren Daulton at Baseball-Reference
Jump up ^ Kevin Romine at Baseball-Reference
Jump up ^ Lerrin LaGrow at Baseball-Reference
Jump up ^ Sparky Lyle at Baseball Reference
Jump up ^ "In The Majors". The Pittsburgh Press. April 30, 1980. p. F6. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Scoreboard". The Gazette. May 8, 1980. p. 90. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
Jump up ^ "The Majors". The Pittsburgh Press. August 6, 1980. p. D3. Retrieved November 23, 2014.
^ Jump up to: a b "Batting Out of Turn". retrosheet.org. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Los Angeles Dodgers 12, Philadelphia Phillies 10". retrosheet.org. May 4, 1980. Retrieved November 30, 2014. Phillies manager Dallas Green argued that Dusty Baker should not have batted [again], protested the decision and was ejected by HP umpire Paul Pryor[.]
Jump up ^ "May 4, 1980, Dodgers at Phillies Box Score and Play by Play". baseball-reference.com. sports-reference.com. May 4, 1980. Retrieved November 24, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Aug 11, 1980, Phillies at Cubs Box Score and Play by Play". baseball-reference.com. sports-reference.com. August 11, 1980. Retrieved November 28, 2014.
Jump up ^ "Philadelphia Phillies 7, San Francisco Giants 1". retrosheet.org. August 24, 1980. Retrieved November 30, 2014. Lonnie Smith beat throw to 2B on attempted double play but walked off the bag thinking he was out; Smith was tagged but 2B umpire Eric Gregg had called time, so Smith was not out; Giants manager Dave Bristol and pitching coach Don McMahon ejected by Gregg; Giants played game under protest[.]
Jump up ^ "Aug 24, 1980, Giants at Phillies Box Score and Play by Play". baseball-reference.com. sports-reference.com. August 24, 1980. Retrieved November 30, 2014.
Jump up ^ "1980 Philadelphia Phillies Schedule, Box Scores and Splits". Baseball-Reference.com.
Jump up ^ http://baseball-almanac.com/teamstats/roster.php?y=1980&t=PHI
Jump up ^ http://www.baseball-reference.com/teams/PHI/1980.shtml
^ Jump up to: a b Robbins, William (October 22, 1980). "City of Philadelphia Bursts into Bedlam After Last Pitch". New York Times. p. B5. Governor Richard Thornburgh declared (today) Philadelphia Phillies Day in the state.
Jump up ^ "On the whole, they'd rather be in...". United Press International. October 21, 1980.
Jump up ^ Johnson, Lloyd, and Wolff, Miles, ed., The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball, 2nd and 3rd editions. Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America, 1997 and 2007


document_title: Chairperson of the African Union

question_text: which south african recently held a high position in the african union

root

text: Chairperson of the African Union

text: History[edit]

text: In 2002, South African President Thabo Mbeki served as the inaugural chairman of the union. The post rotates annually amongst the five geographic regions of Africa; and over the years it has assumed the following order: East, North, Southern, Central and West Africa.

tag: p

text: In January 2007, the assembly elected Ghanaian President John Kufuor over Sudan's President Omar al-Bashir due to the ongoing Conflict in Darfur.[2][unreliable source?] The government of Chad threatened to withdraw its membership if Sudan assumed the chair. Some had suggested Tanzania as a compromise candidate from the East African region. By consensus, Ghana was elected instead as it was celebrating its 50th independence anniversary that year.[3]

text: In January 2010, Libyan Leader Muammar Gaddafi unsuccessfully tried to extend his tenure by an additional year,[4] saying more time was needed in order to implement his vision for a United States of Africa - of which he was a strong proponent. Libya was at the time one of the largest financial supporters of the AU.[5]

text: The election of Equatoguinean President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo in January 2011 was criticized by human rights activists as it undermined the AU's commitment to democracy.[6] Congolese Republic President Denis Sassou Nguesso and Zimbabwean President Robert Mugabe have both led the AU and its predecessor, the Organisation of African Unity during the terms 1986-8 and 1997-1998 respectively.[7][8]

text: Role[edit]

text: The incumbent is the ceremonial head of the AU and in this capacity, chairs the biannual summits and represents the continent in various international fora such as TICAD, FOCAC, G8 and G20 summits.

text: List of Chairpersons[edit]

text:
#
Portrait
Chairperson
Took Office
Left Office
Country
Region

1

Thabo Mbeki[9]
9 July 2002
10 July 2003
 South Africa
Southern Africa

2

Joaquim Chissano[10]
10 July 2003
6 July 2004
 Mozambique
Southern Africa

3

Olusegun Obasanjo[11]
6 July 2004
24 January 2006
 Nigeria
West Africa

4

Denis Sassou Nguesso[12]
24 January 2006
24 January 2007
 Republic of Congo
Central Africa

5

John Kufuor[13]
30 January 2007
31 January 2008
 Ghana
West Africa

6

Jakaya Kikwete[14]
31 January 2008
2 February 2009
 Tanzania
East Africa

7

Muammar Gaddafi[15]
2 February 2009
31 January 2010
 Libya
North Africa

8

Bingu wa Mutharika[16]
31 January 2010
31 January 2011
 Malawi
Southern Africa

9

Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo[17]
31 January 2011
29 January 2012
 Equatorial Guinea
Central Africa

10

Yayi Boni[18]
29 January 2012
27 January 2013
 Benin
West Africa

11

Hailemariam Desalegn[19]
27 January 2013
30 January 2014
 Ethiopia
East Africa

12

Mohamed Ould Abdel Aziz[20]
30 January 2014
30 January 2015
 Mauritania
North Africa

13

Robert Mugabe[21]
30 January 2015
30 January 2016
 Zimbabwe
Southern Africa

14

Idriss Déby[22]
30 January 2016
30 January 2017
 Chad
Central Africa

15

Alpha Condé[23]
30 January 2017
Incumbent
 Guinea
West Africa

tag: table

text: Bureau[edit]

text: The Chairperson is assisted by a bureau of three vice-chairpersons and a rapporteur.[24]

text:
Portrait
Incumbent
Country
Region
Title

Yoweri Museveni
 Uganda
East Africa
First Vice-Chairperson

Abdelaziz Bouteflika
 Algeria
North Africa
Second Vice-Chairperson

King Mswati III
 Swaziland
Southern Africa
Third Vice-Chairperson

Idriss Déby
 Chad
Central Africa
Rapporteur


document_title: Lying in state

question_text: who has lied in honor at us capitol

question_tokens: who has lied in honor at us capitol

text: Lying in state

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada, official lying in state is a part of a state funeral, an honor generally reserved for former Governors General and former Prime Ministers. It is held in the Centre Block of Parliament Hill, in the national capital, Ottawa, Ontario. Ex-governors general lie in state in the Senate Chamber while former prime ministers lie in the Hall of Honour. During the period of lying in state, the coffins are flanked at each corner by a Guard of honour, made up of four members drawn from the Canadian Forces and Royal Canadian Mounted Police, as well as members of the Governor General's Foot Guards for former governors general, and guards from the parliamentary security forces for former prime ministers. Guards stand at each corner with heads bowed and weapons inverted (resting on Arms reversed) with their backs turned towards the casket.

text: Provinces may also mount state funerals and have a lying in state for a distinguished former resident. For instance, Maurice Richard, nationally known hockey player, was given a state funeral by the province of Quebec when he died in 2000; his coffin lay in state at the Molson Centre.[2] This process was repeated for fellow Canadiens legend Jean Béliveau in December 2014.

text: Municipalities may offer civic funerals to prominent deceased current or former politicians.

text: North Korea[edit]

text: In North Korea, the body of the late leader Kim Jong-il was displayed in a glass coffin surrounded with red flowers at the Kumsusan Memorial Palace in Pyongyang prior to his funeral, which began and ended at the palace. An honor guard armed with AK-47s was present. Jong-il's father Kim Il-sung, the founding president, is on display elsewhere in the palace.[3]

text: Russia[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2013) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In Russia, during the time of the Soviet Union (1917–1991), the state funerals of the most senior political and military leaders, such as Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin, Leonid Brezhnev, Yuri Andropov, and Konstantin Chernenko all followed the same basic outline. They took place in Moscow, beginning with a public lying in state of the deceased in the House of the Unions, and ending with an interment at Red Square.

text: For the lying in state at the House of the Unions, the coffin would be placed on display in the Column Hall, which would be decorated by flowers, numerous red flags and other communist symbols. The mourners, which usually would be brought in by the thousands, shuffled up a marble staircase beneath chandeliers draped in black gauze. On the stage at the left side of the Column Hall, a full orchestra in black tailcoats played classical music. The deceased's embalmed body, dressed in a black suit, white shirt and a tie, was displayed in an open coffin on a catafalque banked with carnations, red roses and tulips, facing the queue of mourners. A small guard of honour would be in attendance in the background. At the right side of the hall, seats were placed for guests of honour, with the front row reserved for the dead leader's family.

text: On the day of the funeral, a military funeral parade would take place during which the coffin would be conveyed from the House of the Unions to Red Square where burial would take place. Lenin and Stalin were placed inside the Lenin Mausoleum, while Brezhnev, Andropov, and Chernenko were interred in individual graves in the Kremlin Wall Necropolis.

text: Singapore[edit]

text: At state funerals in Singapore, the national flag is put on the coffin. The vigil guard may be deployed during the public lying in state of the deceased person at Parliament House. The deployment of the vigil guard is the highest form of respect accorded by the nation to the deceased. Similar to British traditions, the vigil guard is composed of groups of five commissioned officers from the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) and Singapore Police Force (SPF) who stand guard around the clock in shifts of 30 minutes. One of the five officers stands facing outward at each of the four corners of the casket, while the fifth and most senior one stands in front and faces inward. Their heads are bowed and their ceremonial swords are inverted.[4]

text: Vigil guards were stationed at the public lying in state of Goh Keng Swee in May 2010,[5] Lee Kuan Yew in March 2015 [6] as well as S R Nathan in August 2016. [7]

text: South Africa[edit]

text: Nelson Mandela was the first democratically elected president to lie in state in South Africa.[citation needed] The event took place at the Union Buildings, the same site where he was inaugurated as the President of South Africa on May 10, 1994. The body of Mandela was lying in State for three days, starting on Wednesday, December 11, 2013 and ending Friday, December 13. The body was viewed by thousands of South Africans before it was airlifted to Qunu in the Eastern Cape where Mandela was buried on December 15, 2013.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In state and ceremonial funerals in the United Kingdom, the lying-in-state takes place in Westminster Hall. The coffin is placed on a catafalque and is guarded, around the clock, by detachments, each of four men, from the following units:

text:
Sovereign's Bodyguard

Her Majesty's Bodyguard of the Honourable Corps of Gentlemen-at-Arms
The Queen's Bodyguard of the Yeomen of the Guard
The Royal Company of Archers, The Queen's Bodyguard for Scotland

Household Cavalry

The Life Guards
The Blues and Royals (Royal Horse Guards and 1st Dragoons)

Foot Guards

Grenadier Guards
Coldstream Guards
Scots Guards
Irish Guards
Welsh Guards

tag: ul

text: Each unit mans the guard for a total of six hours, with each detachment standing post for twenty minutes. The four men stand at each corner with heads bowed and weapons inverted; their backs are turned towards the coffin.

text: On two occasions, the guard has been mounted by four male members of the Royal Family. At the lying in state of King George V in 1936, the guard was mounted by his four sons King Edward VIII, the Duke of York (George VI), the Duke of Gloucester and the Duke of Kent. For Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother's lying-in-state in 2002, the guard was mounted by her four grandsons, the Prince of Wales, the Duke of York, the Earl of Wessex, and Viscount Linley.[8]

text: United States[edit]

text: Lying in state is the rare honor granted by the United States to a deceased official whereby his or her remains are placed in the rotunda of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., for public viewing. The casket is guarded by members of the armed forces. By regulation and custom, only Presidents, military commanders, and members of Congress are granted the honor of lying in state. Except for Presidents and former Presidents, the honor is not automatic. Not all those entitled to the honor have it accepted by their survivors. The first leader to receive this honor was Henry Clay, former Speaker of the House of Representatives, when he died in 1852. Since then, the honor has been extended to 29 people, including eleven Presidents.

text: The process of lying in state at the Capitol is as follows. The coffin or casket is usually placed on a catafalque, usually the Lincoln catafalque, so named as it was constructed for lying in state upon the death of Abraham Lincoln, after his assassination in 1865. The casket is guarded at each of its corners by a serviceperson from each of the branches of the armed forces. In contrast to the practice in the United Kingdom and other countries of the Commonwealth, guards at the Capitol face the casket, hold their rifles with their right hand, and keep the rifle butt resting on the floor. After the viewing and ceremony at the Capitol, the remains are taken to the burial location.

text: Lain in state[edit]

text:
1852 – Henry Clay, long-serving Senator and Representative, Secretary of State, Speaker of the House, and three-time presidential candidate
1865 – President Abraham Lincoln, assassinated in office
1868 – Thaddeus Stevens, Representative from Pennsylvania
1874 – Charles Sumner, Senator from Massachusetts
1875 – Vice President Henry Wilson, served under Grant, died in office
1881 – President James Garfield, assassinated in office
1886 – John A. Logan, Senator from Illinois
1901 – President William McKinley, assassinated while in office
1909 – Pierre L'Enfant – although he died in 1825, his remains were disinterred; he was honored by lying in state before reinterment at Arlington National Cemetery
1917 – Admiral George Dewey, Admiral of the Navy
1921 – The Unknown Soldier for World War I
1923 – President Warren Harding, died in office
1930 – President William Howard Taft, President 1909–13, also Chief Justice 1921–30
1948 – John J. Pershing, General of the Armies of the United States during World War I and after
1953 – Robert A. Taft, U.S. Senator and Majority Leader
1958 – The Unknown Soldiers for World War II and the Korean War
1963 – President John F. Kennedy, assassinated in office
1964 – General Douglas MacArthur, General of the Army
1964 – President Herbert Hoover, serving 1929–33
1969 – President Dwight Eisenhower, President 1953–1961, Supreme Allied Commander during World War II
1969 – Everett Dirksen, Illinois Senator, Senate Minority Leader 1959–1969
1972 – J. Edgar Hoover, FBI Director 1929–1972
1973 – President Lyndon B. Johnson, President 1963–1969
1978 – Hubert Humphrey, Vice President 1965–1969, Minnesota Senator
1984 – The Unknown Soldier for the Vietnam War (later identified as 1st. Lt. Michael J. Blassie)
1989 – Claude Pepper, long-serving Senator and Representative
2004 – President Ronald Reagan, President 1981–1989
2006–07 – President Gerald Ford, President 1974–1977
2012 – Daniel Inouye, President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate, Senator from Hawaii, and recipient of the Medal of Honor[9][10]

text: Lain in honor[edit]

text:
1998 – United States Capitol Police Officer Jacob Chestnut and Detective John Gibson, killed on duty
2005 – Rosa Parks, civil rights activist [11][12]
2018 – Billy Graham, Christian evangelist[13]

text: The United States Congress has created a similar—though not identical—privilege for distinguished Americans who do not qualify for a lying in state designation. In the process of "lying in honor," the honor guard in the Rotunda is provided by the Capitol Police or another suitable source. [14][15]

text: In 1998, Chestnut and Gibson were killed while defending the Capitol against Russell Eugene Weston Jr. Congress approved their remains to lie in honor in the Rotunda. Chestnut was the first African American to lie in honor. In 2005, upon the death of civil rights activist Rosa Parks, Congress authorized her remains to lie in honor at the Rotunda; Parks was the second African American and the first woman to lie in honor in the Capitol Rotunda.[11] Graham was the first religious leader to be honored in this way.[16]

text: Lain in repose[edit]

text: Supreme Court Justices "lie in repose" in the Great Hall of the United States Supreme Court Building.

text:
1974 – Chief Justice Earl Warren
1993 – Justice Thurgood Marshall
1995 – Chief Justice Warren E. Burger
1997 – Justice William J. Brennan, Jr.
1999 – Justice Harry A. Blackmun
2005 – Chief Justice William H. Rehnquist, the first so-honored to have died in office.
2016 – Justice Antonin Scalia

text: States and cities[edit]

text: Some U.S. states and cities extend similar honors. For example, in the state of Hawaii, three people have been laid in state at the Hawaii State Capitol, among which include famous Hawaiian singer Israel Kamakawiwoʻole upon his death in 1997, and the aforementioned Daniel Inouye, President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate and Senator from Hawaii.

text: In the City of San Francisco, California, Mayor Ed Lee laid in state at the Rotunda of San Francisco City Hall after his death in office in 2017.

text: Vatican City[edit]

text: A deceased pope customarily lies in state in the chapel of the Apostolic Palace and then in St. Peter's Basilica, between the holding of a Mass of Visitation and a Mass of Requiem.[citation needed] The funeral of Pope John Paul II was an example of this custom.

text: Coptic Patriarchate[edit]

text: The Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria has a tradition of mummifying the deceased pope and placing his body on his throne to enable church followers to have a farewell look at him for a short period of time. This tradition is one of the ways that ancient Egyptian rituals have survived in the Egyptian church. [17]

text: Other notable funerals[edit]

text:
Death and funeral of Josip Broz Tito
Death and funeral of Corazon Aquino
Death and state funeral of Omar Bongo
Death and state funeral of Pierre Trudeau
Death and state funeral of Lech Kaczyński and Maria Kaczyńska


document_title: Tarsier

question_text: tarsiers are classified as haplorrhines because they have

text: Tarsier

text: Evolutionary history[edit]

text: Fossil record[edit]

text: Fossils of tarsiiform primates are found in Asia, Europe, and North America, with disputed fossils from Africa, but extant tarsiers are restricted to several Southeast Asian islands, including the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. The fossil record indicates that their dentition has not changed much, except in size, in the past 45 million years.

text: Within the family Tarsiidae, there are two extinct genera, Xanthorhysis and Afrotarsius. However, the placement of Afrotarsius is not certain,[3] and it is sometimes listed in its own family, Afrotarsiidae, within the infraorder Tarsiiformes,[4] or considered an anthropoid primate.[5]

text: So far, four fossil species of tarsiers are known from the fossil record:

text:
Tarsius eocaenus is known from the Middle Eocene in China.[3][6]
Hesperotarsius thailandicus lived during the Early Miocene in northwestern Thailand.[3][7]
Hesperotarsius sindhensis lived during the Miocene in Pakistan.[8]
Tarsius sirindhornae lived during the Middle Miocene in northern Thailand.[5]

text: The genus Tarsius has a longer fossil record than any other primate genus, but the assignment of the Eocene and Miocene fossils to the genus is questionable.[9]

text: Classification[edit]

text: The phylogenetic position of extant tarsiers within the order Primates has been debated for much of the 20th century, and tarsiers have alternately been classified with strepsirrhine primates in the suborder Prosimii, or as the sister group to the simians (Anthropoidea) in the infraorder Haplorrhini. Analysis of SINE insertions, a type of macromutation to the DNA, is argued to offer very persuasive evidence for the monophyly of Haplorrhini, where other lines of evidence, such as DNA sequence data, remain ambiguous. Thus, some systematists argue the debate is conclusively settled in favor of a monophyletic Haplorrhini. In common with simians, tarsiers have a mutation in the L-gulonolactone oxidase (GULO) gene, which confers the need for vitamin C in the diet. Since the strepsirrhines do not have this mutation and have retained the ability to make vitamin C, the genetic trait that confers the need for it in the diet would tend to place tarsiers with haplorrhines.[10]

text: At a lower phylogenetic level, the tarsiers have, until recently, all been placed in the genus Tarsius,[1] while it was debated whether the species should be placed in two (a Sulawesi and a Philippine-western group) or three separate genera (Sulawesi, Philippine and western groups).[11] Species level taxonomy is complex, with morphology often being of limited use compared to vocalizations.[citation needed] Further confusion existed over the validity of certain names. Among others, the widely used T. dianae has been shown to be a junior synonym of T. dentatus, and comparably, T. spectrum is now considered a junior synonym of T. tarsier.[1]

text: In 2010, Colin Groves and Myron Shekelle suggested splitting the genus Tarsius into three genera, the Philippine tarsiers (genus Carlito), the western tarsiers (genus Cephalopachus), and the eastern tarsiers (genus Tarsius). This was based on differences in dentition, eye size, limb and hand length, tail tufts, tail sitting pads, the number of mammae, chromosome count, socioecology, vocalizations, and distribution. The senior taxon of the species, T. tarsier was restricted to the population of a Selayar island, which then required the resurrection of the defunct taxon T. fuscus.[2]

text: In 2014, scientists from the University of the Philippines (Diliman Campus) - Institute of Biology in partnership with the University of Kansas has discovered a gentically distinct populations of Philippine tarsier. The genetically distinct populations are found in the Dinagat Islands, Surigao del Norte, and probably Siargao Islands in Mindanao Island's northeast portion. Isolation is the key to the population's distinctiveness. Prior to the study, scientists generally accepted three subspecies of Philippine tarsier: the large island of Mindanao contained one subspecies, Tarsius syrichta carbonarius; while the islands of Samar and Leyte sported another, Tarsius syrichta syrichta; and Bohol held the third, Tarsius syrichta fraterculus. However the new genetic research found the relationships among the Philippine tarsier populations was even messier. Looking at mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, Brown's team uncovered three different evolutionary lineages: one lineage of tarsier makes their home on Bohol, Samar, and Leyte Islands (putting two presently accepted Philippine tarsier subspecies into a single subspecies); another has conquered the vast majority of Mindanao; while a long-cryptic branch has evolved in northeastern Mindanao and Dinagat Island (the new subspecies). For the purposes of the paper, the scientists refer to this as the Dinagat-Caraga tarsier. Rafe Brown of the University of Kansas' Biodiversity Institute, an author of the study, also said that through a more keen study, the only current Philippine tarsier species, Carlito syrichta, could be split into three distinct full species in the future.[12][13]

text:
Infraorder Tarsiiformes

Family Tarsiidae: tarsiers

Genus Carlito

Philippine tarsier, Carlito syrichta

C. s. syrichta (to be combined with C. s. fraterculus)
C. s. fraterculus (to be combined with C. s. syrichta)
C. s. carbonarius
C. s. Dinagat-Caraga subspecies

Genus Cephalopachus

Horsfield's tarsier, Cephalopachus bancanus

C. b. bancanus
C. b. natunensis
C. b. boreanus
C. b. saltator

Genus Tarsius

Dian's tarsier, T. dentatus
Lariang tarsier, T. lariang
Peleng tarsier, T. pelengensis
Sangihe tarsier, T. sangirensis
Gursky's spectral tarsier, T. spectrumgurskyae[14]
Jatna's tarsier, T. supriatnai[14]
Spectral tarsier, T. tarsier
Siau Island tarsier, T. tumpara
Pygmy tarsier, T. pumilus
Wallace's tarsier, T. wallacei
T. fuscus
T. sp. 1
T. sp. 2

text: Anatomy and physiology[edit]

text: Tarsiers are small animals with enormous eyes; each eyeball is approximately 16 mm in diameter and is as large as its entire brain.[15] The unique cranial anatomy of the tarsier results from the need to balance their large eyes and heavy head so they are able to wait silently for nutritious prey.[16] Tarsiers have an incredibly strong auditory sense because their auditory cortex is very distinct.[16] Tarsiers also have very long hind limbs, due mostly to the extremely elongated tarsus bones of the feet, from which the animals get their name. The combination of their elongated tarsi and fused tibiofibulae makes them morphologically specialized for vertical clinging and leaping.[17] The head and body range from 10 to 15 cm in length, but the hind limbs are about twice this long (including the feet), and they also have a slender tail from 20 to 25 cm long. Their fingers are also elongated, with the third finger being about the same length as the upper arm. Most of the digits have nails, but the second and third toes of the hind feet bear claws instead, which are used for grooming. Tarsiers have very soft, velvety fur, which is generally buff, beige, or ochre in color.[18]

text: Unlike other prosimians, tarsiers lack any toothcomb, and their dental formula is also unique:2.1.3.31.1.3.3

text: Unlike many nocturnal vertebrates, tarsiers lack a light-reflecting area (tapetum lucidum) of the eye and have a fovea.

text: The tarsier's brain is different from other primates in terms of the arrangement of the connections between the two eyes and the lateral geniculate nucleus, which is the main region of the thalamus that receives visual information. The sequence of cellular layers receiving information from the ipsilateral (same side of the head) and contralateral (opposite side of the head) eyes in the lateral geniculate nucleus distinguishes tarsiers from lemurs, lorises, and monkeys, which are all similar in this respect.[19] Some neuroscientists suggested that "this apparent difference distinguishes tarsiers from all other primates, reinforcing the view that they arose in an early, independent line of primate evolution."[20]

text: Philippine tarsiers are capable of hearing frequencies as high as 91 kHz. They are also capable of vocalizations with a dominant frequency of 70 kHz.[21]

text: Behavior[edit]

text: Tarsiers are the only extant entirely carnivorous primates: they are primarily insectivorous, and catch insects by jumping at them. They are also known to prey on birds, snakes, lizards, and bats.[18]

text: Pygmy tarsiers differ from other species in terms of their morphology, communication, and behavior.[22] The differences in morphology that distinguish pygmy tarsiers from other species are likely based on their high altitude environment.[23]

text: All tarsier species are nocturnal in their habits, but like many nocturnal organisms, some individuals may show more or less activity during the daytime. Based on the anatomy of all tarsiers, they are all adapted for leaping even though they all vary based on their species.[24][25][26][27]

text: Ecological variation is responsible for differences in morphology and behavior in tarsiers because different species become adapted to local conditions based on the level of altitude.[28] For example, the colder climate at higher elevations can influence cranial morphology.[29]

text: Gestation takes about six months,[30] and tarsiers give birth to single offspring. Young tarsiers are born furred, and with open eyes, and are able to climb within a day of birth. They reach sexual maturity by the end of their second year. Sociality and mating system varies, with tarsiers from Sulawesi living in small family groups, while Philippine and western tarsiers are reported to sleep and forage alone.

text: Tarsiers tend to be extremely shy animals.[citation needed]

text: Conservation[edit]

text: Tarsiers have never formed successful breeding colonies in captivity. This may be partly due to their special feeding requirements.[31][32][33][34][35]

text: A sanctuary near the town of Corella, on the Philippine island of Bohol, is having some success restoring tarsier populations.[36] The Philippines Tarsier Foundation (PTFI) has developed a large, semi-wild enclosure known as the Tarsier Research and Development Center. Carlito Pizarras, also known as the "Tarsier man", founded this sanctuary where visitors can observe tarsiers in the wild. As of 2011, the sanctuary was maintained by him and his brother.[citation needed] The trees in the sanctuary are populated with nocturnal insects that make up the tarsier's diet.[37]

text: The conservation status of all tarsiers is vulnerable to extinction. Tarsiers are a conservation dependent species meaning that they need to have more and improved management of protected habitats or they will definitely become extinct in the future.[16]

text: The 2008-described Siau Island tarsier is regarded as Critically Endangered and was listed among The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates by Conservation International and the IUCN/SCC Primate Specialist Group in 2008.[38] The Malaysian government protects tarsiers by listing them in the Totally Protected Animals of Sarawak, the Malaysian state in Borneo where they are commonly found.[39]

text: A new scheme to conserve the tarsiers of Mount Matutum near Tupi in South Cotabato on the island of Mindanao is being organised by the Tupi civil government and the charity Endangered Species International (ESI). Tarsier UK are also involved on the margins helping the Tupi Government to educate the children of Tupi about the importance of the animal. ESI are hoping to build a visitor centre on the slopes of Mount Matutum and help the local indigenous peoples to farm more environmentally and look after the tarsiers. The first stage in this is educating the local peoples on the importance of keeping the animal safe and secure. A number of native tarsier friendly trees have been replanted on land which had been cleared previously for fruit tree and coconut tree planting.[citation needed]


document_title: John Lewis Christmas advert

question_text: who's singing the john lewis advert 2015

question_tokens: who 's singing the john lewis advert 2015

text: John Lewis Christmas advert

text: Campaigns[edit]

text: 2007 – "Shadows"[edit]

text: Christmas 2007 saw the first John Lewis television advertisement in three years, with a six million pound campaign, their biggest seasonal ad spend up to that point. The commercial, directed by Michael Gracey,[13] did not feature the hallmarks of later campaigns such as an emotional denouement or slowed-down cover version, instead using Prokofiev's morning serenade from Romeo and Juliet. It features presents and products being carefully assembled positioned to eventually create a shadow image of a woman and a dog in the snow, in the style of artists Tim Noble and Sue Webster.

text: 2008 – "Clues"[edit]

text: For a second year, Lowe and Partners were the agency behind the John Lewis Christmas ad, a montage of people of all ages and their ideal gifts with the tagline "If you know the person, you’ll find the present". Directed by Malcolm Venville,[13] this was the first to feature the now-traditional cover version, with "From Me to You" by The Beatles recorded by unnamed employees of John Lewis. The full track was made available to download for free on the John Lewis website with an encouragement to donate to Wallace & Gromit's Children's Foundation.

text: 2009 – "The Feeling"[edit]

text: The 2009 advertisement, directed by Benito Montorio,[13] was the first for John Lewis by agency Adam & Eve (now part of DDB Worldwide), who went on to create the subsequent Christmas campaigns. Featuring a cover of the Guns N' Roses song "Sweet Child o' Mine" by Taken by Trees, the commercial features young children opening gifts usually given to adults such as a coffee machine and a laptop. With the tagline "Remember how Christmas used to feel", the final scene shows a girl unwrapping a camera and becoming a woman.

text: 2010 – "A Tribute to Givers"[edit]

text: Ellie Goulding's cover of the Elton John song "Your Song" was the soundtrack to a collection of images showing people preparing gifts for their loved ones. Most notably, two parents attempt to secretly carry a rocking horse up some stairs whilst their children watch television. The advert, directed by Eric Lynne,[13] concludes with a boy taking a stocking of presents outside to his pet dog in the snow, and hanging it on the kennel. This caused some controversy with animal rights protesters who complained that the animal was left outside in the cold whilst the boy waved goodbye and retreated to the house.[citation needed]

text: 2011 – "The Long Wait"[edit]

text: Featuring The Smiths song "Please, Please, Please, Let Me Get What I Want" sung by Slow Moving Millie, the 2011 advert, the first of many directed by Dougal Wilson,[13] featured a little boy impatiently counting down the days to Christmas. On Christmas Eve, he wolfs down his dinner and goes to bed early in preparation for the next day. When he awakes on Christmas morning, the little boy jumps out of bed, runs straight past a large pile of presents at the bottom of his bed and heads for the wardrobe. He then wanders into his parents bedroom, waking them to give them the gift he wrapped himself and had been waiting to give them.

text: 2012 – "The Journey"[edit]

text: Using 20-year-old Gabrielle Aplin's version of the Frankie Goes to Hollywood classic "The Power of Love", the 2012 advert, again directed by Dougal Wilson,[13] showed a snowman who traversed fields, a river, a mountain to obtain a perfect Christmas gift for Mrs. Snowman. The advert was very quickly followed up by a children's picture book which was hastily written and published immediately after the advert's first screening. The song was the first song from the John Lewis Christmas adverts to be a UK Singles Chart number one. Also this year, Morrisons and Asda released controversial adverts featuring mothers.

text: 2013 – "The Bear and the Hare"[edit]

text: Set to a cover of Keane's "Somewhere Only We Know" by British singer Lily Allen, the 2013 campaign featured an array of woodland animals in a classical Disney style and setting. The full advert lasted 2 minutes, and was made with 2D Animation by directors Elliot Dear and Yves Geleyn.[14] It told the story of a bear hibernating before Christmas, before being persuaded to wake up by the titular hare to see Christmas in all its splendour. The accompanying music quickly rose to the top of the UK Singles Chart, doing so twice more in later weeks.[15] A portion of the song's sales earnings were donated to proceeds Save the Children's Philippine Typhoon Appeal campaign.[16]

text: 2014 – "Monty the Penguin"[edit]

text: In their press release ahead of the 2014 campaign launch, John Lewis stated that the strapline for the advert was "Give someone the Christmas they've been wishing for". They added that "the heartwarming advert tells the tale of an unlikely friendship between a little boy Sam and his penguin friend Monty."[1] British singer-songwriter Tom Odell recorded a cover for the advert of the 1977 John Lennon song "Real Love", which was the last official song recorded by the Beatles after being re-released in 1996.[17] Dougal Wilson directed.[18]

text: 2015 – "The Man on the Moon"[edit]

text: Featuring a cover of Oasis' 1994 B-side "Half the World Away", sung by Norwegian singer Aurora,[19] the 2015 campaign tells the story of a young girl trying to contact an old man spotted living alone on the Moon. Her attempts to catch the man's attention fail until she sends him a special delivery of a telescope, via balloon, and the man finally gets to see Earth on Christmas night.[20] The strapline for the advert is "Show someone they're loved this Christmas", with the company teaming up with the charity Age UK.[21] The advert, the first of the brand's Christmastime commercials that was directed by a woman – Kim Gehrig –,[22] is estimated to have cost around £7 million.[23]

text: 2016 – "Buster the Boxer"[edit]

text: The music for the 2016 campaign is a cover of Randy Crawford's "One Day I'll Fly Away", performed by English electronica band Vaults. The Dougal Wilson-directed[24] advert was released on Thursday 10 November and made its TV debut at 9.15pm on ITV. The adverts follows the story of a young girl, several wild animals and a Boxer dog named Buster. On Christmas eve, the young girl's father builds a trampoline in the garden, only for two foxes and a badger to begin jumping on the trampoline, later joined by two squirrels and a hedgehog. As the animals play, Buster watches from the living room. On Christmas Day, the girl runs down the stairs and into the garden to find the trampoline, only for Buster to leap onto it and do some jumping himself.[25] It was reported that the advert cost £1 million to make, £6 million cheaper than last year's advert.[26] A portion of the soft toy animals sales earnings were donated to The Wildlife Trusts.[27]

text: 2017 – "Moz the Monster"[edit]

text: The Michel Gondry-helmed[28] advert features a cover of The Beatles' "Golden Slumbers", performed by the band Elbow. It tells the story of a boy who is afraid of the dark, and a monster named Moz who lives under his bed. Scared of the dark, the boy looks under his bed one night to find that Moz is resting there. Although the child is at first scared, then irritated by the monster's antics, the two very quickly become friends, although the boy quickly begins to become tired in the day due to playing with Moz at night. That Christmas, the child finds a gift under the tree that his family don't seem to recognise. Opening it, he finds a nightlight. When the nightlight is on, he can't see his new friend any more, but once he turns it off, he realises that Moz is still there after all.

text: Chris Riddell, author and illustrator of 1986 children's book Mr Underbed, tweeted "John Lewis helps themselves to my picture book,"[29] later writing "Just like Mr Underbed, Moz is big, hairy and blue and lives under a little boy’s bed, which he shakes and shudders when he emerges, snores loudly enough to require the boy to wear earmuffs and deprives him of sleep. The similarities are striking,...".[30]

text: Official singles[edit]

text:
Release
date
Title
Artists
Peak
position

November 2009
"Sweet Child o' Mine"
Taken by Trees
23

12 November 2010
"Your Song"
Ellie Goulding
2

11 November 2011
"Please, Please, Please, Let Me Get What I Want"
Slow Moving Millie
31

9 November 2012
"The Power of Love"
Gabrielle Aplin
1

10 November 2013
"Somewhere Only We Know"
Lily Allen
1

6 November 2014
"Real Love"
Tom Odell
7

6 November 2015
"Half the World Away"
Aurora
11

10 November 2016
"One Day I'll Fly Away"
Vaults
53

10 November 2017
"Golden Slumbers"
Elbow
29

text: Awards[edit]

text: John Lewis was honoured at the 2012 IPA Effectiveness Awards for their campaigns up to that point. They were awarded the top prize which is awarded to companies "showcasing and rewarding campaigns that demonstrate their marketing payback".[31]


document_title: None of the above

question_text: nota option was first used in the election in which year

text: None of the above

text: Soviet Union[edit]

text: In 1991, elections that led to the break-up of the Soviet Union, the Soviet version of "none of above" led to new elections with new candidates in 200 races of the 1,500-seat Congress of People's Deputies.[4][5] More than 100 incumbents representing the Communist Party of the Soviet Union were defeated in the run-off, leading to Boris Yeltsin to later say the "none of the above" option "helped convince the people they had real power even in a rigged election, and [it] played a role in building true democracy."[4]

text: Spain[edit]

text: Blank ballot[edit]

text: Due to the Spanish voting regulations (legislación electoral española), (in Spanish) the blank ballot is recognized as 'none of the above' (voto en blanco) but has very little chance to influence the distribution of seats within a democratic election. It is mostly considered as a statistical indicator of candidatures' disapproval. The blank ballots only increase the amount of valid votes, raising the threshold of votes (3% and 5% depending on the election) which every political party has to overcome to be fully considered. The parties over the threshold get their seats according to the D'Hondt method.

text: Blank seats (Escaños en blanco)[edit]

text: Since 1999, several political parties[6][7][8][9][10] have arisen in order to make visible the 'none of the above' option in the parliaments and force empty seats. "Blank Seats" ran for the Congress and Senate elections of 20 November 2011. Its programme is to leave empty the corresponding assigned seats by not taking full possession of their duties as congressperson, senator, etc. According to law, the seat remains assigned to the elected candidate until the possession act takes place, the elected candidate explicitly refuses or new elections are called. In this way, the political party and its candidates stay free from obligations and are not entitled to receive any money from the public funding scheme for politics.

text: By voting such option at the local elections in May 2011, the citizens of the villages of Gironella (Barcelona) and Foixà (Girona) were able to reduce the number of politicians in their councils by one and two respectively.[11][12] Overall, citizenship supported Blank Seats at different municipalities, including Barcelona, with 15,582 votes (averaging 1.71% of valid votes).

text: The Ciudadanos En Blanco (Citizens for Blank Votes) party aims to give blank ballots the meaning of representing empty seats if the votes indicate so as for any other party, disbanding the party when such law would be approved.

text: United States[edit]

text: The origins of the ballot option "None of the Above" in the United States can be traced to when the State of Nevada adopted "None of These Candidates" as a ballot option in 1976.[13] In 1998 in California, citizen proponents of Proposition 23, titled the "None of the Above Act", qualified a new State ballot initiative through circulated petitions submitted to the Secretary of State.[14] But the measure was defeated in the March 2000 general election 64% to 36%.[15] Were it to be passed by the voters, it was meant to require this new ballot option for all state and federal elective offices, exempting only local judicial races; in determining official election results, the "none of the above" voter tally would be discarded in favor of the candidate with the greatest number of votes.[16]

text: No similar options were known to have been permitted, much less approved, on any other state levels, least of all the federal level, as of the middle of August 2016.

text: India[edit]

text: The Election Commission of India told the Supreme Court in 2009 that it wished to offer the voter a "none of the above" option on ballots, which the government had generally opposed.[17] The People's Union for Civil Liberties, a non-governmental organisation, filed a public-interest litigation statement in support of this.[18]

text: On 27 September 2013, the Supreme Court of India ruled that the right to register a "none of the above" vote in elections should apply, and ordered the Election Commission to provide such a button in the electronic voting machines, noting that it would increase participation.[19][20][21][22][23]

text: The Election Commission also clarified that even though votes cast as NOTA are counted, they are considered as invalid votes so they will not change the outcome of the election process. They are not taken into account for calculating the total valid votes and will not be considered for determining the forfeiture of security deposit.[24][25][26][27]

text: In the 2014 general election, NOTA polled 1.1% of the votes,[28] counting to over 6,000,000.[29]

text: The specific symbol for NOTA, a ballot paper with a black cross across it, was introduced on 18 September 2015. The symbol is designed by National Institute of Design, Ahmedabad.[30][31][32]

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: UK electoral counting procedures require that all votes be counted and announced, including 'rejected' votes. 'Rejected votes' are classified into four categories,[33] protest votes are recorded with others rejected as 'voter's intention uncertain'.

text: NOTA UK[edit]

text: NOTA UK is a voluntary organisation set up in 2010 to campaign for a formal None Of The Above (NOTA) option to be added to ballot papers for all future UK elections. It has made numerous written evidence submissions[34] to the parliamentary Political & Constitutional Reform Committee (PCRC)[35] making the case for NOTA 'with teeth' i.e.: formalised consequences for the election result in the event of a NOTA 'win' (as opposed to 'faux' NOTA, whereby the next placed candidate takes office anyway as happens in India and elsewhere). As a result of these representations, the PCRC explicitly recommended in its final report on 'voter engagement', published February 2015,[36] that the next UK government should hold a public consultation before May 2016 solely on inclusion of NOTA on UK ballot papers. This in turn has led to increased support for and awareness of NOTA UK's campaign and its founder, recording artist and music producer Jamie Stanley (aka: Mailman), being asked to give a number of media interviews.[37] No public consultation materialised as the incoming Conservative government scrapped the PCRC, effectively disregarding all of its recommendations.

text: Since 2015, in part thanks to NOTA UK's lobbying, it has been a Green Party of England and Wales policy to get a form of NOTA (RON - Re-Open Nominations) on UK ballot papers.[38] In the run-up to the 2017 UK general election, NOTA UK wrote to the Green party suggesting that they should reword the policy so that, instead of RON, it refers specifically to the more self-explanatory NOTA, and that they should also place the policy centre stage in their next manifesto.[39]

text: Above and Beyond[edit]

text: It has been suggested that Above and Beyond Party be merged into this article. (Discuss) Proposed since April 2017.

text: The Above and Beyond Party was founded in 2015 and fielded eight candidates in the 2015 general election, none of whom were elected. Their sole stated policy was to introduce a "none of the above" option on all UK ballot papers.[40] Critics pointed out that their website and Facebook page at the time indicated that they had policy ideas and a political agenda beyond the single issue of NOTA and appeared to be jumping on the bandwagon of other NOTA campaigns.[41] The official website is no longer active and their Facebook page has had no activity since 2015, suggesting that the party may have now disbanded.

text: No Candidate Deserves My Vote! party[edit]

text: No Candidate Deserves My Vote! was registered as a political party with the UK Electoral Commission on 23 November 2000.[42] The No Candidate Deserves My Vote party's single objective is to introduce a bill to Parliament to have a "none of the above" option added to every local and general election ballot paper of the future. They feel this will allow the UK electorate to exercise their democratic right to vote to say that none of the parties currently represents them, which will encourage their democratic responsibility to turn out to vote. If a candidate wins an election it is the intention to stay as a Member of Parliament until the change in the law is enacted. Only then will the candidate step down and the party be disbanded.

text: It is the intention of the party that, if a NOTA gains the majority vote, it should cause an automatic by-election, the idea being that the majority will have given a Vote of No Confidence in the candidates. If the same candidates stand under the same policies, then the electorate simply votes NOTA until the candidates change their policies to something that the electorate can vote for.

text: In 2010, Stephen Phillips of Stevenage ran for the UK general election on behalf of No Candidate Deserves My Vote.[43] Phillips received 327 votes, or 0.7% of the vote, placing 7th out of 9 candidates.[44]

text: NOTA party[edit]

text: The NOTA Party, in recent years also known as Notavote, was registered as a political party with the UK Electoral Commission on 2 March 2009.[45] It was the intention of the NOTA party to field candidates in every UK parliamentary constituency. The respective NOTA candidates would not have continued in office had they received the most votes, this was merely a mechanism to simulate the recording of a formal NOTA vote. The party was registered as 'NOTA' and not 'None of the Above' as the latter is a prohibited expression regarding registration as a party name.[46] A subsequent attempt to re-register the NOTA party in 2014 was blocked by the Electoral Commission[47] on the grounds that the acronym 'NOTA' is as good as the phrase 'None of the Above', the logic being that it would confuse voters into thinking it is possible to cast a formal vote for 'None of the Above' when they would in fact just be voting for another party, albeit one standing on a single issue NOTA platform.

text: VoteOrVoteNone UK[edit]

text: VoteOrVoteNone[48] is a radical new campaign in 2015 to inspire young voters, and to challenge the 34% who don't vote, to take part in the democratic process. The campaign call is Don't be silent. Vote for a candidate who you trust to work hard for things you believe in, or vote NONE in protest. The rationale is that by introducing the 'Vote None' option as a form of direct democratic action, there is no reason to be silent, and every reason to think about what to do.

text: Zero, None Of the Above[edit]

text: None Of The Above Zero was a candidate at the 2010 general election in Filton and Bradley Stoke.[49] Previously known as Eric Mutch, he changed his name by deed poll to stand under that name. As candidates are listed by surname first he appeared on the ballot paper as "Zero, None Of The Above",[50] in effect giving voters a none of the above option since had he been elected he would have resigned immediately.[51] He came last with 172 votes.[52]

text: Others[edit]

text: In the British parliamentary elections of 2010, a former boxer changed his name by deed poll from Terry Marsh to "None Of The Above X", in order to run as a parliamentary candidate under that name in the constituency of South Basildon and East Thurrock. Claiming that he will not take the seat if he wins, he told BBC Essex: "I don't take it for one moment that it would be a vote for me. [..] I'm doing what I think the Electoral Commission should be doing and what should be on every ballot paper in any electoral process." BBC News reported that, while the Registration of Political Parties (Prohibited Words and Expressions) (Amendment) Order 2005 stipulates that no political party can be registered in the UK under the name "None of the Above", there is no legislation against a person changing their name by deed poll and appearing on the ballot paper as "None Of the Above".[53] In the event he polled 0.3% of the vote, the lowest of any candidate standing.[54]

text:
Another individual changed his name by deed poll to None Of The Above in order to stand as a candidate in Chingford and Woodford Green in 2010. With the surname Above, he was listed first on the ballot paper in alphabetical order, with all the other candidates listed below.
The South Wales Anarchists group has run a campaign urging people to "Vote Nobody" since 2008[55] and many other anarchist groups worldwide have promoted similar slogans.
The Landless Peasant Party, which advocates the ownership of land by those who live on it and the replacement of income tax by a flat land tax,[56] and whose leader Derek Jackson gained publicity for standing against then- Prime Minister Gordon Brown in his home constituency in the 2010 elections,[57] include a pledge to add a "None of the above" option to the ballot in all UK elections.[56]

text: Canada[edit]

text: In Canada, it is possible to vote for "none of the above" by attending the polling station and formally "declining to vote".[58] These declined votes are actually counted and become part of the electoral record.

text: A businessman in Prince George, British Columbia ran in the 1997 federal election in the district of Prince George—Bulkley Valley[59] under the name Zznoneoff, Thea Bove (Thea Bove Zznoneoff); ballots listing candidates alphabetically by surname, he appeared at the bottom. He came sixth of seven candidates with 0.977 percent of votes cast.

text: A resident of Oshawa, Ontario, formerly known as Sheldon Bergson, has legally changed his name to "Above Znoneofthe",[60] and has registered under that name as a candidate in several provincial and federal by-elections, most recently the Markham—Thornhill by-election of March 3, 2017. His name order was chosen so that his name would always appear at the bottom of the ballot as "Znoneofthe, Above", although this only works federally as provincial election ballots do not list the candidates in surname order.[61]

text: In Ontario, the None of the Above Party of Ontario is a registered political party, although its stated mandate is for its candidates to serve in the legislature as independent representatives who reflect the views and interests of their constituents, rather than simply as a "reject all of the candidates" placeholder.

text: Norway[edit]

text: The Norwegian election regulation makes it mandatory to present voters with blank ballots in addition to all of the approved parties and election lists. In the parliamentary election of 2013, 12874 votes, which is 0.45% of the total votes given, were blank.

text: None of the Above candidates and parties in other countries[edit]

text:
In Serbia, None of the above (Ниједан од понуђених одговора, НОПО) is a parliamentary political party, legally formed in 2010, which was mostly popularized on Facebook and less on other social networking websites. In Serbian parliamentary election, 2012 they received 22,905 votes, and thus won one seat in the National Assembly of Serbia.
Geoff Richardson changed his full name to "Of The Above None" and stood as an independent for the seat of Gilmore at the 2007 Australian federal election. His name appeared as NONE, Of the Above on the ballot.[62]
In Ukrainian presidential election, 2010, a candidate Vasiliy Humeniuk changed his name to Vasily Protyvsih (Vasily Against-all). "Against all candidates" is the name of the "none of the above" vote used in Russia and Ukraine.[63][64]
In 2000, Michael Moore advocated a write-in candidate Ficus (the plant) for Congress as a unified vote for none of the above in congressional seats where the incumbent was running unopposed.[65]
David Gatchell of Tennessee ran for governor in 2002 and for Senate in 2006 as a protest, officially changing his middle name from Leroy to None of the Above.[66] In 2006, he got 3,738 votes (0.2 percent).
For the 2013 Pakistani general election, the Election Commission of Pakistan unilaterally decided that a ‘none of the above’ box would be available as a voting option on ballot papers.[3] However, they subsequently decided against it owing to the short amount of time remaining till the elections.[67] The concept was suggested to the Election Commission by Abid Hassan Manto, a constitutional expert and a senior lawyer of the Supreme Court of Pakistan.[68]
Elections in South Ossetia have an "against all" option.

text: Procedures that function like "none of the above"[edit]

text: Most ballots do not have a formal "none of the above" option, but do have procedures that work in a similar way.

text: Poland[edit]

text: In 1989 legislative election in Poland voters were able to vote against the only candidate running, often from the ruling Polish United Workers' Party by crossing out the candidate's name on the ballot.[4] As a result, voters defeated the sitting prime minister and dozens of leading Communists because they failed to get the required majority.[4]

text: Re-open Nominations (RON)[edit]

text: Many students' unions in Britain, Ireland, and others[69] use a similar ballot option called 're-open nominations' (RON)[70] in IRV and single transferable vote (STV) elections. These include the National Union of Students in the UK and UCD Student's Union in Ireland. The difference is that RON is a vote against all candidates in FPTP (first-past-the-post) and all subsequent candidates in an IRV or STV election.

text: There are several ways of dealing with a RON candidate. In a single member constituency or election to a single position RON is treated as a normal candidate. If re-open nominations is deemed elected to any position then at the end of the count that position is declared vacant and nominations must later be re-opened for that position.

text: In a multi-member constituency there are two approaches. In the first, when a RON candidate is elected, all other candidates below RON are declared not to be elected and the counting process stops, the election is then re-run for that and all other unfilled positions. In the second, RON is elected to a position, then any surplus is transferred to another RON(2) candidate as if such an option had been presented on the ballot paper. If RON(2) is elected, then the process carries on with RON(3), RON(4) candidates and so on until all seats are filled. This is sometimes called the Stack RON method.

text: RON is not strictly a none of the above candidate in transferable vote elections, as when RON is eliminated during the count its votes are transferred to other candidates if those preferences exist.

text: Illegal ballots in Robert's Rules of Order[edit]

text: The American Robert's Rules of Order, Newly Revised (RONR) describes various forms of illegal ballots, which are ballots which do not count for any candidate. Blanks are treated as "scrap paper", and are of no effect, but "unintelligible ballots or ballots cast for an unidentifiable candidate or a fictional character are treated as illegal votes. All illegal votes cast by legal voters… are taken into account in determining the number of votes cast for purposes of computing the majority." RONR always requires a majority for election; thus, casting an illegal ballot or one for a hopeless candidate, whether on the ballot or as a write-in, is equivalent to voting No for all other candidates. "The principle is that a choice has no mandate from the voting body unless approval is expressed by more than half of those entitled to vote and registering any evidence of having some opinion."[71][72]

text: Cultural references[edit]

text:
In the film Brewster's Millions, the protagonist Brewster (played by Richard Pryor) is required, under certain conditions, to spend 30 million dollars in 30 days. He joins the race for Mayor of New York City and throws most of his money at a protest campaign urging a vote for None of the Above. The two major candidates sue Brewster for his confrontational rhetoric, leading to a massive settlement which of course furthers their competitor's goal. Brewster is forced to end his campaign when he learns that he is leading in the polls as a write-in candidate and has to publicly announce that he if he won the mayoralty he wants to decline it but is surprised his "None of the Above" campaign became so popular. Neither candidate wins the election, and a new election with different candidates must be held.
In the sixth-season episode of Captain Planet called "Dirty Politics" three of the Eco-Villains are running for president and kidnap the fourth candidate, who is the most popular. Despite this over seventy percent vote None of the Above resulting in the need for a new election.
L. Neil Smith's novel The Probability Broach has an alternate history in which the United States becomes a libertarian state after a successful Whiskey Rebellion and the overthrowing and execution of George Washington by firing squad for treason in 1794, where None of the Above (which is always an option on the ballot)[page needed] has received the most votes for President of the North American Confederacy on two occasions. The first time was in 1968, defeating Lucy Kropotkin and would serve until 1972 as the NAC's 24th President. The second time was in 2000 and again in 2004 and being elected "President for Life" in 2008, serving as the 28th President.
Wavy Gravy has run a "Nobody for President" campaign during several different election years in the United States.