document_title: List of Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir episodes

question_text: how many episodes are in the second season of miraculous ladybug

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Series
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
26
19 October 2015 (2015-10-19) (France)
6 December 2015 (2015-12-06) (U.S.)
30 October 2016 (2016-10-30) (France)
22 October 2016 (2016-10-22) (U.S.)

2
26[8]
26 October 2017 (2017-10-26) (France)
30 March 2018 (2018-03-30) (Netflix)
TBA

text: Episode list[edit]

text: Season 1 (2015–16)[edit]

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
English Title
French Title [9][10]
Directed by
Written by
Original air date (France)
U.S. air date [9]
Prod.
code [9]
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Stormy Weather"
"Climatika"
Thomas Astruc
Fred Lenoir
19 October 2015 (2015-10-19)[12]
20 December 2015[9]
101
1.47[13]

Marinette Dupain-Cheng is babysitting a child named Manon when her best friend Alya Césaire visits her. Alya tells Marinette that her crush, Adrien Agreste, is having a photoshoot nearby and takes them to see him. Meanwhile, Aurore Beauréal has just lost to her competitor, Mireille Caquet, to be nominated as the next weather forecaster. Mad that she is unpopular, Aurore falls victim to the villainous Hawk Moth and akumatizes into "Stormy Weather", a supervillain who controls the weather. When Stormy wreaks havoc on Paris and interrupts the photoshoot, Marinette transforms into her secret superhero persona, 'Ladybug'. At the same time, Adrien transforms into his secret superhero persona, 'Cat Noir'. Together, they work to defeat Stormy, but are oblivious to each other's identities.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 1 September 2015 as episode 1.[11]

2
2
"The Bubbler"
"Le Bulleur"
Thomas Astruc
Thomas Astruc
Sébastien Thibaudeau
20 October 2015 (2015-10-20)
6 December 2015[9]
109
1.40[15]

It is Adrien's birthday and Marinette is struggling to give him the present she made for him. When Adrien's father, a secretive and renowned fashion designer, won't allow Adrien to have a birthday party, his best friend Nino Lahiffe gets mad about how unfair he's being towards Adrien. Claiming that all adults want to stop kids from having fun, Nino is tempted by Hawk Moth and becomes the "Bubbler", a villain who sends all the parents into outer space through his bubbles. With the villain defeated, Adrien receives a scarf from Marinette, but thinks it's from his father.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 8 September 2015 as episode 2.[14]

3
3
"The Pharaoh"
"Le Pharaon"
Thomas Astruc
Cédric Bacconnier
21 October 2015 (2015-10-21)
10 January 2016[9]
115
1.11[17]

Marinette accidentally drops her history textbook while transformed as Ladybug. Alya, who happened to be at the scene, trying to film Ladybug in action, picks up the book, and speculates that Ladybug could be a Parisian collégienne. Marinette starts to panic when she finds out, and by Tikki's suggestion, brings Alya to visit a new Pharaoh exhibition at the Louvre, in order to try to get the book back. As they arrive, Alix's brother Jalil Kubdel, is discussing with his father about how one of the exhibitions on display is a resurrection spell. He believes that it could work, and wants to test it out, but Jalil's father claims that such an important historical artifact cannot be misused. Frustrated that his father does not believe him, Jalil is influenced by Hawk Moth and transforms into "The Pharaoh" with Egyptian god powers who intends to bring back Nefertiti using Alya as a sacrifice. In this episode, we are told that there was a long line of Ladybugs going back over 5,000 years with Marinette being the latest Ladybug.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 13 October 2015 as episode 7.[16]

4
4
"Lady Wifi"
Thomas Astruc
Sébastien Thibaudeau
22 October 2015 (2015-10-22)
17 January 2016[9]
103
1.43[19]

As Ladybug's biggest fan Alya is out to expose Ladybug's true identity when she finds the self-centered Chloé Bourgeois with Ladybug's "yo-yo and mask". When Alya attempts to take a photo of Chloé's open locker for evidence, Chloé accuses her of invasion of privacy, and has the principal suspend her. Sad of not getting in touch with Marinette, Alya is akumatized by Hawk Moth and becomes Lady Wifi, a villain whose smartphone can fire different icons such as pause and lock, can travel through wifi-serviced phones, and will stop at nothing to expose Ladybug, including invading Chloé's apartment.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 6 October 2015 as episode 6.[18]

5
5
"Timebreaker"
"Chronogirl"
Thomas Astruc
Sébastien Thibaudeau
Michaël Delachenal
23 October 2015 (2015-10-23)
27 December 2015[9]
116
1.17[21]

Marinette's parents are celebrating their twentieth anniversary, leaving Marinette to take care one of her father's special cake requests. However, she gets a call from Alya, who reminds her to bring a banner she made for a race between two of her classmates, Alix and Lê Chiến Kim, and she rushes off to Trocadéro. Alix has received a family heirloom pocket watch for her fifteenth birthday, and passes it to Alya to safeguard it for her while racing. However, during the race, the watch passes hands multiple times, before it is dropped by Chloé onto the ground and skated over by Alix, destroying the watch. Angry at her friends, Alix is attracted to Hawk Moth's akuma and turns into "Timebreaker", a speedy villain who freezes people and fades from existence with a touch to get energy to travel back through time.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 22 September 2015 as episode 4.[20]

6
6
"Mr. Pigeon"
"M. Pigeon"
Thomas Astruc
Guillaume Mautalent
Sébastien Oursel
23 October 2015 (2015-10-23)
13 December 2015[9]
106
1.09[23]

A fashion competition is to be held at Collège Françoise-Dupont where the winner will have their derby hat worn by none other than Adrien. Marinette is determined to win in the hope that Adrien will then notice her. Meanwhile, Roger Raincomprix, a police officer, orders a pigeon-loving man Xavier Ramier, to stop feeding the pigeons and leave the park. Dejected, Xavier is akumatized by Hawk Moth and becomes Mr. Pigeon, a supervillain who controls massive flocks of pigeons. While Ladybug has to make due time in knitting the hat, Cat Noir has deal with his allergies to birds.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 29 September 2015 as episode 5.[22]

7
7
"The Evillustrator"
"Le Dessinateur"
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
26 October 2015 (2015-10-26)
24 January 2016[9]
102
1.18[25]

Nathaniel Kurtzberg is daydreaming in class of being a superhero who is rescuing his crush, Marinette, from Stormy Weather and Lady Wifi. Soon embarrassed by Chloé for insulting his comic drawings, Nathaniel influenced by Hawk Moth and becomes the "Evillustrator", a villain whose drawings come to life. During this time, Marinette has to put up being paired with Chloé and her only friend Sabrina in a school project, while depending on Cat Noir to protect her from Evillustrator. The next day, Marinette nervously says Cat Noir is "awesome" in front of Adrien.

This episode was shown in South Korea on 27 October 2015 as episode 9.[24]

8
8
"Rogercop"
Thomas Astruc
Denis Bardiau
27 October 2015 (2015-10-27)
31 January 2016[9]
111
1.18[27]

During Career Day in Marinette's class, Chloé loses an expensive bracelet (to Plagg) and accuses Marinette of stealing it, as she had just slipped over Chloé's bag. Chloé's father André Bourgeois, orders Officer Roger to handcuff Marinette and search her belongings. Roger, however refuses, saying that he cannot do that, unless there is evidence Marinette stole Chloé's bracelet, as it is against the law. As a result, André, who is the Mayor of Paris, fires Roger. Infuriated at the mayor for asking him to disobey the law and firing him, Roger becomes akumatized by Hawk Moth and changes into "Rogercop", a RoboCop-themed villain who wants to bring justice to those who break the law.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 20 October 2015 as episode 8.[26]

9
9
"Copycat"
"L'Imposteur"
Thomas Astruc
Sébastien Thibaudeau
Pascal Boutboul
28 October 2015 (2015-10-28)
3 January 2016[9]
108
1.29[29]

Attempting to ask Adrien out to the movies over the phone, Marinette instead accidentally leaves behind an embarrassing voicemail and rushes to delete it before he listens to it. Meanwhile, a sculptor named Théo is displaying a statue in the park, which he built in honor of Ladybug and Cat Noir. He has a crush on Ladybug and is looking forward to seeing her at the unveiling event, but only Cat Noir ends up arriving. After the event, Cat Noir insinuates to Théo that he and Ladybug are a couple. Feeling jealous, Théo is tempted by Hawk Moth and disguises as Copycat, an exact replica of Cat Noir to frame the original.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 15 September 2015 as episode 3.[28]

10
10
"Dark Cupid"[30]
"Dislocœur"[31]
Thomas Astruc
Régis Jaulin
29 October 2015 (2015-10-29)
7 February 2016[30]
105
1.27[32]

It's Valentine's Day and love is in the air! After reading a love poem thrown away by Adrien, Marinette comes to the conclusion that the poem is about her, making her ecstatic even though the poem was originally intended for Ladybug. Kim is planning to ask his crush to be his Valentine. Marinette, in her love-sick daze, encourages Kim to go for it. When Kim sees his crush – Chloé – he is humiliated and rejected cruelly. Kim succumbs to Hawk Moth's akuma and turns into Dark Cupid, an evil winged-being whose arrows can replace true love and friendship with pure hate and mean-spirited. One of his victims is Cat Noir, who is now Ladybug's enemy, just as he was about to confess his love to her.

11
11
"Horrificator"[33][34]
Thomas Astruc
Fred Lenoir
30 October 2015 (2015-10-30)
21 February 2016[33]
117
1.13[35]

Nino is filming a movie in his classroom for a film contest, but Mylène, one of the actors, is unsure about her ability as the leading actress, as she is easily frightened. After many failed attempts of shooting a single scene, Chloé makes fun of Mylène's fright and she flees the classroom in tears. Disappointed in herself, Mylène is influenced by Hawk Moth and mutates into Horrificatior, a slimy monster based off the one from Nino's film, who scares people and feeds on their fear. For Ladybug and Cat Noir to shrink the monster they must conquer its own fears.

12
12
"Darkblade"[39]
"Le Chevalier Noir"[40]
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Léonie de Rudder
6 December 2015 (2015-12-06)
28 February 2016[39]
114
1.06[41]

After finding out Chloé has been blackmailing people from running against her as the class representative, Marinette decides to nominate herself for the position. Wanting to prevent Marinette from winning, Chloé organizes an autograph session by rock musician Jagged Stone to bribe her classmates into voting for her. Meanwhile, Armand D'Argencourt, Collège Françoise-Dupont's fencing teacher, has just lost the Paris mayoral elections by a landslide. As the press continues to mock him, Armand is influenced by Hawk Moth and becomes "Darkblade", an armored black knight (according to his heritage), who zaps people and knights them, transforming them into an army of armored knights to take over Paris.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 17 November 2015 as episode 12.[36]
The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 6 April 2016.[37][38]

13
13
"The Mime"[45]
"Le Mime"[40]
Thomas Astruc
Thomas Astruc
François Charpiat
Michaël Delachenal
Karine Lollichon
Sébastien Thibaudeau
13 December 2015 (2015-12-13)
7 May 2016[45]
119
N/A

Alya shows Marinette a video she recorded of Ladybug talking to her, but Marinette accidentally deletes it. Before Alya finds out, Marinette steals her phone and frantically tries to re-create the footage. Meanwhile, Mylène's father Fred Haprèle, has just pick up his fixed hat from Marinette, and is getting his first premier gesture performance called The Mime's Extraordinary Adventures at the Eiffel Tower. However, his partner Chris deliberately makes him late at catching the troupe bus, and convinces their manager Sarah to let Chris take the lead role instead. Disheartened, Fred becomes akumatized by Hawk Moth and turns into "The Mime", a supervillain who can pantomime anything to make it reality. Now, Fred attempts to seek revenge.

Guest star: Josiane Balasko as herself in the French version, her character is renamed Sarah for the international version.[42][43]
This episode was first shown in South Korea on 24 November 2015 as episode 13.[44]
The English version of this episode was first shown in the UK and Ireland on 26 March 2016.[citation needed]

14
14
"Kung Food"[47]
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
10 January 2016 (2016-01-10)
10 September 2016[9]
125
N/A

Marinette's great uncle, a world-renowned Chinese chef Wang Cheng, visits Paris to participate in a cooking show called The Greatest Chef in the World. Adrien comes over to help translate. Before the competition begins, Marinette and Adrien run into Chloé, who is on the judges' panel. Chloé mocks Cheng for being a foreigner, and in retaliation, Marinette fires back with her own insults. Chloé sabotages Cheng's famous Celestial Soup, causing him to get poor results in front of the judges. Confused and upset, Cheng becomes akumatized by Hawk Moth and turns into "Kung Food", a villain who enslaves those who had eaten his ruined soup and plans to cook Chloé in the soup.

The English version of this episode was first shown in the UK and Ireland on 2 April 2016.[46]

15
15
"Gamer"[49]
"Le Gamer"
Thomas Astruc
Guillaume Mautalent
Sébastien Oursel
17 January 2016 (2016-01-17)
24 September 2016[9]
112
N/A

Collège Françoise-Dupont is sending two students to represent them at a video game tournament, where they will compete with other schools in a fighting game known as Ultimate Mega Strike III. After Marinette notice Adrien is one of the potential candidates, she participates in the selections in order to be able to team up with Adrien. She manages to defeat another candidate, her classmate Max, who has been training for a whole year and was looking forward to participating. Upset about all his gaming training gone to waste, Hawk Moth has Max persuaded, and turns into "Gamer" a dark player who uses a pyramid-shaped mecha-like ship, from the Ultimate Mega Strike III game that zaps people and objects, turning them into green "experience point" balls, which upgrades his ship.

The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 18 April 2016[48]

16
16
"Animan"
Thomas Astruc
Cédric Perrin
Jean-Christophe Hervé
24 January 2016 (2016-01-24)
13 August 2016[51]
113
N/A

Nino develops a crush on Marinette so Adrien offers to help him by asking her out to the zoo. Marinette, however, thinks Adrien is asking her out and happily accepts. When at the zoo, Nino and Marinette are the only ones to show up; Adrien and Alya, at the same time, are hiding out in bushes nearby, helping the two talk to each other by instructing them via earpiece. Meanwhile, Kim mocks the new black panther in the zoo, claiming to the zookeeper Otis, that he can run faster than it. Enraged by his remarks, Otis becomes akumatized by Hawk Moth and mutates into "Animan", a villain who can shape-shift into any animal he desires including extinct species. Afterwards, Nino and Alya find they share a lot of common things with each other.

The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 12 April 2016.[50]

17
17
"Antibug"[53]
Thomas Astruc
Sébastien Thibaudeau
31 January 2016 (2016-01-31)
15 October 2016
124
0.96[54]

Chloé is being harassed by something invisible, and Adrien and Marinette are immediately on the case. After talking with the concierge at the Le Grand Paris hotel, where Chloé lives, they discover Chloé had a fight with Sabrina, and had claimed that Sabrina is no longer her friend. Heartbroken over her words, Sabrina was akumatized by Hawk Moth, turning into the "Vanisher" a completely invisible entity. As Ladybug and Cat Noir fight Vanisher, Chloé decides to join in, donning a fake Ladybug costume. However, this only causes the fight to get more difficult and Ladybug forces Chloé to leave. Chloé tries to tell Ladybug where the akuma is, but Ladybug does not listen. Only when Chloé has left the scene does Ladybug realize Chloé was right all along, but despite this, she does not apologize to Chloé. Feeling betrayed by her idol, Chloé also becomes akumatized and changes into "Antibug", a darker, opposite version of Ladybug.

The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 21 April 2016.[52]

18
18
"The Puppeteer"[55]
"La Marionnettiste"
Thomas Astruc
Sébastien Thibaudeau
7 February 2016 (2016-02-07)
8 October 2016
118
0.99[56]

Marinette is babysitting Manon. They are playing with hand-crafted dolls that Marinette made herself: Ladybug, Cat Noir, Lady Wifi, Evillustrator and Rogercop. Because Marinette plays as the hero dolls, Manon laments that Marinette always wins and bursts into tears. Feeling guilty, Marinette allows Manon to borrow her Ladybug doll. However, Manon's mother Nadja Chamack forbids it, as she complains Manon already has too many toys; they get into a dispute, resulting in the Ladybug doll getting torn. Despite that, Manon still wants to borrow the doll, so she asks Marinette for it behind her mother's back. Marinette hesitates and decide on a compromise instead, allowing her to borrow the Lady Wifi doll. At the TVi studio, Nadja notices Manon playing with the doll and gets annoyed that Manon had defied her instructions so she confiscates it from her. Crying for innocence, Manon accepts Hawk Moth's akuma and becomes the "Puppeteer", a puppet master who can control the people Marinette's dolls are based on.

The English version of the episode was first shown in Australia on 20 April 2016.[48]

19
19
"Reflekta"
Thomas Astruc
Sophie Lodwitz
Eve Pisler
21 February 2016 (2016-02-21)
1 October 2016[58]
121
0.91[59]

At class picture day, Marinette's classmate Juleka Couffaine is hesitant about participating, as she is believed to be under a curse where any picture she is in will have her face covered. Wanting to be closer to Adrien in the photo, Chloé has Sabrina lock Juleka in the bathroom while she takes her place in the center of the photo, beside Adrien. Believing that she'll always stay cursed and unnoticed, Juleka is akumatized by Hawk Moth and turns into "Reflekta", a flamboyant villain who can zap people into making them look exactly like her.

The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 19 April 2016.[57][48]

20
20
"Guitar Villain"[62]
"Guitar Vilain"
Thomas Astruc
Sébastien Thibaudeau
28 February 2016 (2016-02-28)
3 September 2016[62]
120
N/A

Rock musician Jagged Stone has problems with his manager, who wants to change the look of his new album's cover and make him record a duet with XY, a hot new music artist who replaced Jagged at the number-one position on the music charts. Although they agree on a compromise on the cover by having Marinette design it, Jagged is later offended when he sees Marinette's first design (insisted on by his producer) and further enraged when he watches an interview given by XY, who arrogantly claims that technology matters more than music, rock 'n' roll is no longer in style, and that Jagged is no match for him. Jagged becomes akumatized by Hawk Moth and turns into "Guitar Villain"[60], a wild musician with a pet dragon, who forces people into headbanging and dancing uncontrollably by playing his guitar.

The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 14 April 2016.[48][61]

21
21
"Pixelator"[63]
"Numéric"
Thomas Astruc
Guillaume Mautalent
Sébastien Oursel
13 March 2016 (2016-03-13)
27 August 2016[63]
107
N/A

Marinette's class is visiting the Le Grand Paris hotel, as part of a program to try out some of the jobs that the staff do in the hotel on a daily basis, when Jagged Stone arrives. While Jagged is checking in, an overly-obsessed fan named Vincent Aza snuck in behind him and tries to take a picture with Jagged, but he is swiftly kicked out of the hotel by Jagged's agent, Penny Rolling, and warned to never approach Jagged again. Torn at being shunned by his idol, Vincent is akumatized by Hawk Moth and turns into Pixelator, a villain who uses a head-mounted telescopic camera to take photos of people, making them vanish and trapping them in a white empty space by "digitizing" them into living portraits that appear on his apartment wall.

This episode was first shown in Quebec, Canada on 3 March 2016.[10]
This English version of the episode was first shown in Australia on 25 April 2016.[52]

22
22
"Princess Fragrance"[65]
"Princesse Fragrance"
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Léonie De Rudder
20 March 2016 (2016-03-20)
14 May 2016[65]
104
N/A

After the heroes de-evilized an unseen villain, Marinette's classmate Rose Lavillant is excited about Prince Ali's visit to Paris, but is caught at school spraying perfume on her fan letter and using a cellphone in class. Tikki feels ill, so Marinette plans to take her to a healer, but when Marinette trips on the stairs, Tikki is picked up by Chloé, who plans to give Tikki as a plush toy gift to Prince Ali. Chloé tears up Rose's letter, telling Rose that Prince Ali has no interest in her. Hurt, Rose is akumatized by Hawk Moth and becomes Princess Fragrance, a corrupted noble whose perfume spray makes people serve her, and desires to have Prince Ali for herself. The un-transformed Marinette must recover Tikki and stop Princess Fragrance from taking over all of Paris.

This episode was first shown in Quebec, Canada on 13 March 2016.[10]
The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 22 April 2016.[64][52]

23
23
"Simon Says"
"Jackady"
Thomas Astruc
Fred Lenoir
27 March 2016 (2016-03-27)
20 August 2016
110
0.86[68]

Nino is a contestant in a game show called The Challenge, where he has to get Mayor Bourgeois to dance. Despite being invited, Marinette is grounded by her parents for missing too many classes at school, not knowing that she had been working as Ladybug. As Nino completes his challenge, the next contestant, a hypnotist named Simon Grimault, is given the challenge to hypnotize Adrien's father Gabriel Agreste. However, Gabriel refuses to participate in the challenge, causing Simon to fail. Angry that he was not given the chance to at least try, Hawk Moth has Simon akumatized into "Simon Says", an extravagant villain who can hypnotize people by throwing play cards at them. Simon invades the Agreste's mansion, while Adrien has to persuade his stubborn father. After the villain is defeated, Ladybug learns about Adrien's mother who had gone missing.

This episode was first shown in Quebec, Canada on 6 March 2016.[10]
The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 13 April 2016.[66][67]

24
24
"Volpina"
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Léonie de Rudder
3 April 2016 (2016-04-03)
22 October 2016
126
0.96[69]

Adrien discovers a hidden book in his father's safe with information of the different Miraculous heroes and steals it to learn more. Later, a new student named Lila Rossi arrives who claims to be good friends with Ladybug in order to win Adrien. Offended by Lila's lies, Marinette begins to tail her, during which time she watches Lila steal the Miraculous book from Adrien. Tikki recogizes the cover design and insists upon taking the book for further study. Lila then tells Adrien that she is descended from the Miraculous holder Volpina, prompting Marinette to transform into Ladybug and call Lila on her lies in front of Adrien. Embarrassed, Lila runs off and allows Hawk Moth to transform her into 'Volpina', the superhero with the power to create illusions, so she can gain Ladybug and Cat Noir's trust and betray them. The plan fails, though Hawk Moth is not concerned, proclaiming that his "big day" is at hand. Afterwards, Tikki's suspicions about the book are confirmed: it is the long-lost book of lore that contains coded secrets about the Miraculouses. She then brings Marinette to meet the Great Guardian, Master Fu.

This episode was first shown in Quebec, Canada on 19 March 2016.[10]
The English version of the episode was first shown in Australia on 26 April 2016.[52]

25
25
"Ladybug & Cat Noir - Origins, Part 1"[37]
"Ladybug et Chat Noir (Origines - Partie 1)"
Thomas Astruc
Thomas Astruc
Quentin
Sébastien Thibaudeau
30 October 2016 (2016-10-30)
6 August 2016[75][76]
122
0.97[77]

A prequel of the series. It's Marinette's first day of school, and also Adrien tries to attend since his father wouldn't permit him. Hawk Moth captures a kwami named Nooroo[70][71] and forces his allegiance. Hawk Moth's butterfly brooch allows him to give people what they desire bound to obey his will. He plans on using this task to create pawns to lure the heroes out to fight them, so he can steal their Miraculouses and gain absolute power. Master Fu, a Chinese healer,[a] is notified of Hawk Moth's capture of Nooroo through Wayzz, his own kwami. However, he is too old to fight anymore, so he pretends to be senile, walking Paris to find suitable hosts for the Black Cat and Ladybug Miraculouses. He is helped by Marinette and Adrien, and quickly deploy both the Miraculouses to them. Marinette is unhappy that Chloé stolen her seat. As school is dismissed, Ivan and Kim, have a dispute, after Kim sends Ivan an offensive message on paper. Feeling hopeless, Ivan becomes Hawk Moth's first ever victim, turning into "Stoneheart", a giant rock monster who grows in size after taking damage. Marinette and Adrien both find a small box in their rooms, and after opening them, are quickly greeted by Tikki and Plagg. Both kwamis give their hosts a quick explanation; soon Marinette and Adrien transform into Ladybug and Cat Noir. Despite their lack of experience and poor fighting skills, they manage to defeat Stoneheart at the stadium and free the akuma. However, Ladybug forgets to purify the akuma; it flies off, duplicating itself and infecting many people, turning them into immobilised Stonehearts. The episode ends as Marinette learns of her mistake, and thinking that she cannot do her job, removes her earrings and puts them away under her dressing table, causing Tikki to disappear.

This episode was first shown in South Korea on 1 March 2016 as episode 14.[72][73]
The French version of this episode was first shown in Quebec, Canada on 4 March 2016 as episode 21.[74]
The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 6 April 2016.[37][38]

26
26
"Stoneheart - Origins, Part 2"[79]
"Cœur de pierre (Origines - Partie 2)"
Thomas Astruc
Thomas Astruc
Quentin
Sébastien Thibaudeau
30 October 2016 (2016-10-30)
6 August 2016[75][80]
123
0.97[77]

The next morning, Marinette brings her earrings to school, though still upset for forgetting to purify the akuma. Adrien sneaks off to school. Questioned by his classmates, nobody believes Ivan when he claims to have no recollection; he storms off in shame when Chloé mocks him. Marinette comforts Ivan; encouraged by her, Ivan sings Mylène a love song, but accidentally scares her off. Ivan turns into Stoneheart again with Hawk Moth's akuma, and takes control of his duplicates around Paris, which come to life. Adrien rushes to stop Stoneheart as Alya takes chase to film the battle; Marinette runs after her, wanting to pass her the earrings. Seeing the danger, Marinette has no choice but to transform; breaking Cat Noir out, they rush to Trocadéro. Ladybug catches Chloé when Stoneheart throws her towards Pont d'Iéna from the Eiffel Tower's lower deck. A swarm of akumas fly out of Stoneheart's mouth, forming Hawk Moth's face, who declares to all Paris they will be spared if Ladybug and Cat Noir's Miraculouses are surrendered. Ladybug refuses, stating that Hawk Moth is the one at wrong, and cleanses the akuma cloud. Ladybug climbs to the top of the tower, using her yo-yo to make Mylène kiss Stoneheart's chest; surprised, Ladybug manages to crush and purify the akuma. After her magic cleans up the collateral damage, Ladybug passes Mylène Ivan's song lyrics. Later, Adrien's father allows him to go to school while Marinette stands up to Chloé, retaking her seat. That evening after school, it's raining outside; Adrien hands Marinette his umbrella, and the two share an intimate moment before parting ways. Master Fu and Wayzz watch from afar, satisfied with their decision to make them Miraculous holders.

This episode was first shown in Quebec, Canada on 5 March 2016 as episode 22.[78]
The English version of this episode was first shown in Australia on 7 April 2016.[79]

text: Season 2 (2017–present)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
English Title
French Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date (France)
Netflix release date
Prod.
code

27
1
"The Collector"
"Le Collectionneur"
Thomas Astruc[7]
Wilfried Pain
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau[7]
26 October 2017 (2017-10-26)[81]
30 March 2018
201

Master Fu explains to Marinette his role as a Guardian of the Miraculouses; due to a mistake he made in the past, their temple was wiped out, and the Butterfly and Peacock Miraculouses were lost. He suspects whoever owned the Miraculous book must be Hawk Moth, sending Marinette into a panic at the thought it could be Adrien. Meanwhile, Gabriel grounds Adrien for stealing and losing the book. When Marinette learns the book was Gabriel's, she suspects he could be Hawk Moth instead. Hawk Moth unleashes an akuma, but then de-transforms and Gabriel then akumatizes himself into "The Collector", a supervillain who throws a book around to capture anything it touches into his book. After Ladybug and Cat Noir eventually defeat him and transform him back to Gabriel, Master Fu is not so sure he is cleared of being Hawk Moth. Master Fu captures the contents of the book onto a smartphone, and Marinette returns the book to Gabriel, who reveals that he obtained the book during an overseas trip with his wife and that it is his last memento of her. He rescinds Adrien's grounding and shares a hug with him and Adrien returns to school to the joy of his classmates. Gabriel returns to his secret lair and transforms into Hawk Moth, having fooled the heroes and vowing to get their Miraculouses.

The English version of this episode was first shown on Disney Channel in the UK and Ireland on 4 November 2017.[citation needed]

28
2
"Despair Bear"
"Doudou Vilain"
Thomas Astruc
Jun Violet
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Nolwenn Pierre
Sébastien Thibaudeau
27 October 2017 (2017-10-27)[83]
30 March 2018
203 (Netflix)

After Chloé sets off a false fire alarm forcing the entire student body to do chores as punishment, Adrien scolds Chloé telling her that she needs to be 'nicer' to people if she wants them to remain friends. Chloé's butler Jean has her host a party for everyone and encouraging her to what her old teddy bear would do. Confident, Hawk Moth sends an akuma beforehand. During the party, Chloé tries her best, but when seeing Adrien dancing with Marinette, Chloé loses her temper and Jean accidentally reveals her teddy bear, leading Chloé to embarrassment and to fire him. Feeling vengeful, the akuma then targets Jean, and turns into "Despair Bear", a doll-sized villain who has the ability to manipulate anyone he touches.

The English version of this episode was first shown on Disney Channel in the UK and Ireland on 11 November 2017.[82]

29
3
"Prime Queen"
"Audimatrix"
Thomas Astruc[85]
Christelle Abgrall
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau[85]
29 October 2017 (2017-10-29)[86]
30 March 2018
202 (Netflix)

Marinette has to babysit Manon, but realizes Ladybug has to interview for a television show Face to Face, so she invites Alya over and excuses herself to help her parents downstairs. Realizing she needs higher television ratings, host Nadja resorts to asking about Ladybug and Cat Noir's supposed romantic relationship, which causes Ladybug to depart, dragging Cat Noir in tow. The studio is dissatisfied and cancels Nadja's show. Laid off, Nadja gets akumatized, and Hawk Moth turns her into "Prime Queen", a naughty reporter whose ability to teleport through television screens and posters; she creates a show in order to capture the two heroes.

The English version of this episode was first shown on Disney Channel in the UK and Ireland on 18 November 2017.[84]

30
4
"Befana"
"La Béfana"
Thomas Astruc
Benoît Boucher
Thomas Astruc
Mélanie Duval
Sébastien Thibaudeau
30 October 2017 (2017-10-30)[89]
30 March 2018
205 (Netflix)

Marinette is excited today is her birthday. Not only that, but her grandmother Gina Dupain is also visiting. Despite being excited to visit Marinette, Gina is surprised to see how much Marinette has grown up, but is saddened when Marinette does mostly new things. While hanging out, Marinette heads to where her friends planned her surprise party and ditches Gina. Thinking she was rejected, Gina is akumatized by Hawk Moth, turning her into "Befana", a motorcycle baddie with the ability to turn people who do bad things into coal and those who do good into angels, who become her servants, with a gun filled with candy she wanted to give Marinette.

The English version of this episode was first shown on Disney Channel in the UK and Ireland on 25 November 2017.[87][88]

31
5
"Riposte"
Thomas Astruc
Jun Violet
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau
1 November 2017 (2017-11-01)[91]
30 March 2018
204 (Netflix)

On the fencing court, Marinette has hopes of joining to impress Adrien. Armand assigns the new recruits to pair with the experience ones. A new student, Kagami Tsurugi, the daughter of a famous fencer, moved in Paris and challenges Adrien to show everyone she's the best fencer. After the duel, Marinette; the referee, not wanting Adrien to be second best and unsure how the battle ended, due to Kagami chasing Adrien around and battling roughly, declares Adrien the winner, much to Kagami's dismay and humiliation, causing her to depart from the school. Hawk Moth akumatizes Kagami, and turns her into "Riposte", a silver armor samurai villain with the power to slice and cut anything in half with one armed saber.

The English version of this episode was first shown on Disney Channel in the UK and Ireland on 2 December 2017.[90]

32
6
"Robostus"
Thomas Astruc
Wilfried Pain
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau
3 November 2017 (2017-11-03)[93]
30 March 2018
206 (Netflix)

When Max builds Markov, a miniature robot capable of real human emotions, he is hesitant to even reveal him. After helping prevent a computer virus from wiping the school's servers, Principal Damocles instead confiscates Markov thinking that he's a toy. Separated from his friend, Markov even becomes akumatized, and Hawk Moth converts him into "Robostus", a techno-threat capable of giving life to mechanical devices. When Hawk Moth tells Robostus to bring him the Miraculouses, he mistakenly informs him of their power to grant wishes. Robostus takes Max with him in his new mega-sized body to the stadium, where he ambushes Ladybug and Cat Noir. When Robostus is about to obtain the heroic duo's Miraculouses, he intends to take them for himself to gain mortality; only for Max, wanting his friend back, to free Ladybug and Cat Noir, who capture and de-evilize Markov. Marinette asks Master Fu, who elaborates the Miraculouses' ability to grant wishes. Due to the universe needing to maintain balance who ever is granted a wish, someone else must lose the very thing wished for. Marinette promises Master Fu to not allow this, and continue guarding her own Miraculous.

The English version of this episode was first shown on Disney Channel in the UK and Ireland on 9 December 2017.[92]

33
7
"Gigantitan"
Thomas Astruc
Christelle Abgrall
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau
26 November 2017 (2017-11-26)[94][95]
30 March 2018
208 (Netflix)

Today is a great day for Marinette: she and her friends Mylène, Rose, Juleka, Alix and, of course, Alya, have come up with a flawless plan to help Marinette propose a romantic stroll to Adrien. But nothing is going as planned and Adrien's bodyguard, annoyed by the girls, becomes Hawk Moth's target. However, while the latter tries to akumatize him, the Gorilla calms down. The akuma then transforms a young child, who is nearby and upset at not having his candy, into Gigantitan, a fifty foot (disobedient) giant.

34
8
"The Dark Owl"
"Le Hibou Noir"
Thomas Astruc
Jun Violet
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau
10 December 2017 (2017-12-10)[97]
30 March 2018
207 (Netflix)

Principal Damocles starts characterizing his favorite hero Knightowl and acts like him as well. However, while performing, he becomes the laughing stock of the school when Ladybug and Cat Noir thought he was trying to play hero and tried to perform a stunt that went horribly wrong. Humiliated, Damocles is influenced by Hawk Moth and transforms into 'Dark Owl', the actual owl-themed superhero, and traps the heroes in a chamber to reveal their true identities. Not ready to know each other's identity yet, they de-transform with their eyes closed as Ladybug gives Hawk Moth fake Miraculouses, unaware that Tikki and Plagg start to meet each other and begin to know the identities of one another.

This episode first premiered worldwide in Spain on 5 December 2017.[96]

35
9
"Glaciator"
Thomas Astruc
Wilfried Pain
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau
14 January 2018 (2018-01-14)[100]
30 March 2018
209 (Netflix)

Marinette, Alya and her other friends go to eat some ice cream together at André, a famous ice cream maker in Paris. According to a legend, the couple who eats an ice cream at André's place will love each other forever! Marinette hopes that Adrien will be there, but he did not come. For a good reason: he transformed into Cat Noir to prepare a candlelight dinner for Ladybug. Disappointed in Adrien's absence, Marinette refuses to eat the ice cream André gave her. Depressed over the failed romance, André becomes akumatized by Hawk Moth and shapes into Glaciator, a giant ice cream snowman who solidifies 'single people' into ice cream and they start to melt! Ladybug and Cat Noir must not get cold feet if they want to stop him. In the midst, Marinette comes to know Cat Noir's genuine and sensitive side.

This episode was scheduled to premiere on TFOU on 17 December 2017, but it did not air due to production issues.[98][99]

36
10
"Sapotis"
Thomas Astruc
Jun Violet
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau
21 January 2018 (2018-01-21)[101]
30 March 2018
210 (Netflix)

Marinette helps Alya babysit the latter's twin sisters Ella and Etta. When they keep staying up and refuse to go to bed, Alya forbids them from going to the amusement park the next day and confiscates one of their hats. The twins, sad over the fact they now can't go the amusement park and have to listen to their older sister's orders, are fighting over the other hat, then Hawk Moth akumatizes them into "Sapotis", a pair of small but totally unpredictable monsters that multiply and cause havoc. When Ladybug and Cat Noir are overwhelmed by the creatures, Ladybug is prompted by her Lucky Charm to visit Master Fu, who loans her the Fox Miraculous. Ladybug gives the Miraculous to Alya, who, with the command of Trixx the kwami, transforms into the fox-themed superheroine Rena Rouge. After the three heroes overcome the Sapotis menace, Alya reluctantly returns the Fox Miraculous to Ladybug and keeps the details of her adventure a secret.

37
11
"Gorizilla"
Thomas Astruc
Benoît Boucher
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Mélanie Duval
Sébastien Thibaudeau
13 May 2018 (2018-05-13)[103]
30 March 2018
211 (Netflix)

Adrien sneaks out to watch a particular movie, Solitude, in which his mother plays the lead role, but gets mobbed and runs into Marinette whom he turns to for help. Meanwhile, Gabriel suspects his son may be Cat Noir. He sends Adrien's bodyguard after him; when the Gorilla just got his car towed for illegal parking, Gabriel transforms into Hawk Moth and decides to akumatize the frustrated bodyguard to get faster results. The Gorilla becomes Gorizilla, a giant ape with enormous strength and a keen sense of smell, and begins to follow Adrien all through Paris. Ladybug jumps into action to save Adrien, while the latter tries to hide and transform into Cat Noir to help Ladybug. In the end, when the villain is defeated, Gabriel is convinced he was wrong about Adrien being Cat Noir since he saw both them at the same time (but he actually saw one of Adrien's fans, who disguised himself as Adrien). When the real Adrien returns home, Gabriel shows him the movie he wanted to watch, in order to gain more of his trust.

This episode first premiered worldwide in Canada on Family Channel on 14 March 2018.[102]

38
12
"Captain Hardrock"
"Capitaine Hardrock"
Thomas Astruc
Wilfried Pain
Thomas Astruc
Fred Lenoir
Jean-Remi Perrin
Sébastien Thibaudeau
20 May 2018 (2018-05-20)[104]
30 March 2018
212 (Netflix)

Today is Paris' music festival, Marinette and her friends are all setting up at the Couffaine houseboat. Juleka's mother Anarka, will direct the stage. However, Marinette worries about Adrien, since his father has isolated him again after making a mistake in his piano act. In spite of Alya's reassures, Marinette goes to find Juleka's brother Luka, and discovers they share similar hobbies and feels attracted to him. When Luka practices the guitar recital, it causes a huge sound wave creating a disturbance in Paris, which prompts Officer Roger and the police to disqualify Anarka's stage performance otherwise. Upset and disoblige, Anarka is akumatized by Hawk Moth and becomes Captain Hardrock, a pirate who wants to blast her music across Paris, ruining Jagged Stone and XY's concerts.

This episode first premiered worldwide in the U.S. on Netflix on 30 March 2018. It also premiered in Canada on Family Channel.

39
13
"Zombizou"
Thomas Astruc
Wilfried Pain
Thomas Astruc
Wilfried Pain
27 May 2018 (2018-05-27)[106]
TBA
TBA

It's Miss Bustier's birthday and all her cherish students have gifts for her, except for Chloé. After being called out for it, she messes up Marinette's gift. When Marinette is privately talked by Miss Bustier in the hall, her protest makes her a target for Hawk Moth. Miss Bustier calms her down, but she ends up akumatized trying to save Marinette. She is brainwashed into the love-spreading "Zombizou", whose kiss contagiously turns others into kissing zombies, and she targets Chloé. Ladybug and Cat Noir gather an evacuation at the Eiffel Tower from the kissing invasion. When Bustier is de-evilized, Chloé actually admits the fault is hers and accepts forgiveness; on the other hand, conquering true love gives Hawk Moth the hope for his wish.

This episode first premiered worldwide in Canada on Family Channel on 13 April 2018.[105]

40
14
"Syren"
Thomas Astruc
Benoît Boucher
Thomas Astruc
Mélanie Duval
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau
3 June 2018 (2018-06-03)[110]
TBA
TBA

While Ladybug, Cat Noir, and Rena Rouge are handling overrun domestic trouble, Kim and a talented swimmer, Ondine, are at the swimming pool when Ondine tries to send a love message to Kim, but he is so dense he leaves without reading it. Sensing Ondine's broken heart, Hawk Moth finds her a perfect prey to akumatize and turns her into "Syren", a mermaid supervillain flooding the city. Water is surging all over Paris and Syren captures Kim to rule the underwater city with her "prince". Meanwhile, Adrien is expressing doubts being a superhero since Ladybug is keeping too many secrets from him lately, then he and Master Fu finally meet. Master Fu has applied the both heroes a new aquatic power that modifies the kwami to breath underwater. Gabriel also learns about the hidden power of the kwamis and he wants these for his own kwami, but since only a Guardian of the Miraculouses knows the secret formula, he is determined to find the Guardian, wherever he is.

This episode was originally supposed to air on 21 April 2018 in the UK,[107] but was rescheduled to 12 May 2018.[108]
This episode premiered worldwide in Spain on Disney Channel on 5 May 2018, with an English version made available on secondary audio.[109]

41
15
"Frightningale[111]"
"Rossignoble"
Thomas Astruc
Christelle Abgrall
Jeremy Paoletti
Thomas Astruc
Mélanie Duval
Fred Lenoir
Sébastien Thibaudeau
10 June 2018 (2018-06-10)[112]
TBA
TBA

Clara Nightingale, the famous singer, is in France to film the music video for her new song Miraculous in tribute to Ladybug and Cat Noir. Marinette is overexcited; however, Adrien is worried because he has been chosen to take part in Clara's video as Cat Noir in a duplicate costume, which might expose his identity. At the audition, after Marinette "saves" her from falling, Clara decides to cast her as Ladybug in the video. Marinette turns down the offer to protect her identity, but changes her mind when Clara is about to cast Chloé as Ladybug. As Marinette and Adrien are about to put on the duplicate Ladybug and Cat Noir masks, Chloé gets revenge for being excluded by having her father ban Clara from filming the video in Paris. Saddened, Clara succumbs to Hawk Moth's akuma and becomes "Frightningale", a dancing and rhyming supervillain, who can color the people who dance and rhyme with pink aura by hitting them with a pink energy whip, while also turning them into magenta statues if they resist to dance or rhyme.

Guest star: Laura Marano as Clara Nightingale in English version.[dubious – discuss]
This episode first premiered worldwide in Spain on Disney Channel on 12 May 2018 with an English version made available on secondary audio.

42
16
"Troublemaker"
"L'insaisissable"
Thomas Astruc
Wilfried Pain
Thomas Astruc
Matthieu Choquet
Fred Lenoir
Nolwenn Pierre
Sébastien Thibaudeau
17 June 2018 (2018-06-17)[115]
TBA
TBA

Jagged Stone decides to guest star in a live-recording television show Fill My Shoes, where a person is taking part in another person's job, and the show featuring him is taking place at Marinette's parents' bakery. Wanting to impress Jagged, Penny is running back and forward, till everything goes out of control and the intermission accidentally gets disrupted, demanding Penny to solve it all. Hawk Moth takes advantage of the pressure on Penny and akumatizes her as Troublemaker, a villain capable of switching from tangible to intangible, making a big mess, and urges to get back at those who shunned her. Throughout the commotion, the discovery of Adrien's photos in Marinette's room has Ladybug completely nervous. Not ready to tell how she feels, Marinette later manages to convince Adrien that she is just a fan and he invites her to one of his photoshoots.

This episode first premiered worldwide in Spain on Disney Channel on June 16, 2018, with an English version made available on secondary audio.[113] It also premiered in Portugal on Disney Channel.[114]

text: Specials[edit]

text:
No.
English Title
French Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date (France)
U.S. release date
Prod.
code [9]

S1
"A Christmas Special"[5]
"Pire Noël"[117]
Thomas Astruc
Story by:
Jeremy Zag

Teleplay by:
Thomas Astruc, Fred Lenoir, and Sébastien Thibaudeau
11 December 2016 (2016-12-11)[117]
20 December 2016 (Netflix)[5]
TBA

While preparing for Christmas Eve, Adrien is about to spend his first Christmas without his mother. Thinking that his father does not want to celebrate the holidays this year, Adrien turns into Cat Noir and leaves his home to sing his anger in snowy Paris. When his father discovers that Adrien is not in his room, he becomes extremely worried. Hearing the news, Marinette transforms into Ladybug and finds Adrien, who has reverted back to his normal self, in the company of a Santa. Ladybug thinks the Santa is akumatized and wants to trouble Adrien, so she pushes him away. Scorned, the Santa actually becomes a victim of Hawk Moth as "Santa Claws",[b] who plans to make this Christmas the worst in the history of Paris.
The special is done in a musical format, with various characters breaking into song throughout the episode.[116]

text: Webisodes[edit]

text: A series of webisodes, Miraculous: La Webserie, was released by TF1. They can also be found on the official YouTube channel of the cartoon. They contain clips from various episodes and are usually narrated by Marinette, who writes in her diary, or by the others.[118] Nick also released the English version on their website as Miraculous Secrets (also A Miraculous Message), as well as on YouTube.[119] A 2D-animated series of webisodes was also released, titled Miraculous: Tales from Paris (Miraculous, une journée à Paris).

text: Miraculous Secrets[edit]

text:
No.
English title (web title / title card)
French title [119]
Original release date (France) [120]
English release date (U.S.)

W1
"Cat Noir as seen by Marinette"
"Chat Noir vu par Marinette"
2 October 2015 (2015-10-02)
24 September 2016

Marinette writes about having Cat Noir as a superhero partner in her diary.

W2
"Marinette and Adrien"
"Marinette et Adrien"
7 October 2015 (2015-10-07)
24 September 2016

Marinette writes about her feelings for Adrien in her diary and decides to make him the scarf seen in "The Bubbler".

W3
"Marinette's Double Life"
"La double vie de Marinette"
9 October 2015 (2015-10-09)
24 September 2016

Marinette talks about her superhero life as Ladybug

W4
"My Birthday Party"
"La fête d'anniversaire (The Birthday Party)"
13 October 2015 (2015-10-13)
24 September 2016

Marinette talks about her classmates while wondering whom to invite to her birthday party

W5
"Marinette and Alya"
"Marinette et Alya"
16 October 2015 (2015-10-16)[121]
24 September 2016

Marinette talks about her friendship with Alya and what they like to do together

W6
"Marinette in Paris / The City of Paris / A Miraculous message from Marinette: Paris!"[122]
"Marinette et Paris (Marinette and Paris)"
12 November 2015 (2015-11-12)
17 December 2015

Marinette talks about her favorite monuments in Paris, including the Louvre, the Trocadéro and the Eiffel Tower.

W7
"Marinette and Fashion / A Miraculous message from Marinette: Fashion!"[123]
"Marinette et la mode"
19 November 2015 (2015-11-19)
8 January 2016

When asked about her career plans, Marinette talks about being a fashion designer, what she has designed, and what inspires her.

W8
"Ladyblog / Alya's Ladyblog / A Miraculous message from Alya"[124]
"Ladyblog"
26 November 2015 (2015-11-26)
22 January 2016

Alya talks about her Ladyblog website.

W9
"Adrien's Double Life / A Miraculous message from Adrien"[125]
"La double vie d'Adrien"
18 December 2015 (2015-12-18)
29 January 2016

Adrien talks about his life as a teenage model, the son of a rich and famous fashion designer, and his excitement about being a student. He also talks about life as Cat Noir.

W10
"Ladybug as seen by Adrien / Adrien's Love Letter / A Miraculous message from Adrien: Love Letter!"[126]
"Ladybug vue par Adrien (Ladybug seen by Adrien)"
24 December 2015 (2015-12-24)
9 January 2016

Adrien brainstorms some ideas in writing a love letter to Ladybug, and ends up crumpling it and tossing it in the garbage.

W11
"Tikki"[127]
2 May 2018 (2018-05-02)
6 June 2018[128]

W12
"Master Fu[129]"
"Maître Fu"[130]
2 May 2018 (2018-05-02)
25 May 2018

W13
"Plagg"[131]
18 May 2018 (2018-05-18)
9 June 2018[132]

W14
TBA
"Les copines"[133]
18 May 2018 (2018-05-18)
TBA

W15
"Max"[134][135]
28 May 2018 (2018-05-28)
TBA

W16
"Nino"[136]
4 June 2018 (2018-06-04)
TBA

text: Tales from Paris[edit]

text:
No.
English title (web title / title card)
French title [119]
Original release date (France)
English release date (U.S.)

T1
"The Notebook"
"Le carnet"
3 February 2017 (2017-02-03) (TF1)
18 January 2017

Marinette, Alya, and Juleka cheer up Rose after Chloe makes fun of her notebook.

T2
"Inspiration"
"Inspiration"
3 February 2017 (2017-02-03) (TF1)
26 January 2017

Marinette works on a design for a dress to wear to a school dance.

T3
"Repetition"
"Répétition"
30 January 2017 (2017-01-30) ((TF1)
15 February 2017

Tikki helps Marinette practise asking out Adrien.

T4
"Busy Day"
"Grosse journée"
3 February 2017 (2017-02-03) (TF1)
16 March 2017

Marinette helps her parents in the bakery.

T5
"Homework Essay"
"L'exposé"
3 February 2017 (2017-02-03) (TF1)
3 April 2017

Marinette has to make a presentation on a person who inspires her.

text: Home media[edit]

text: In the United States and Canada, the first DVD, featuring seven episodes from season one, with both English and French audio tracks, was released on 3 May 2016 by Shout! Factory.[137][138] Another DVD, subtitled Spots On!, which contains six episodes, was released on 30 August 2016.[139] A third DVD, Be Miraculous, which contains seven episodes (including the two-part prequel), was released on 10 January 2017.[140] A fourth DVD, It's Ladybug, was released on 11 April 2017.

text:
DVD title
Season
Episodes
Release date

Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir
1
7

List[show]

"The Bubbler"
"Mr. Pigeon"
"Stormy Weather"
"Timebreaker"
"Copycat"
"The Pharaoh"
"Lady Wifi"

3 May 2016

Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir: Spots On!
1
6

List[show]

"The Evillustrator"
"Rogercop"
"Dark Cupid"
"Horrificator"
"Darkblade"
"The Mime"

30 August 2016

Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir: Be Miraculous
1
7

List[show]

"Ladybug & Cat Noir (Origins, Part 1)"
"Stone Heart (Origins, Part 2)"
"Animan"
"Simon Says"
"Pixelator"
"Guitar Villain"
"Kung Food"

10 January 2017

Miraculous: Tales of Ladybug & Cat Noir: It's Ladybug
1
6

List[show]

"Gamer"
"Antibug"
"The Puppeteer"
"Reflekta"
"Princess Fragrance"
"Volpina"

11 April 2017

text: Notes[edit]

text:
Jump up ^ "Ladybug et Chat Noir (Origines - Partie 1)". Miraculous: Les Aventures de Ladybug et Chat Noir. Season 1. Episode 22 (in French). 4 March 2016. Event occurs at 02:40. Télé-Québec. Encore jeune! Je n'ai que cent-quatre-vingt-six ans! (Still young! I am only 186 years old!
Jump up ^ In the Christmas special, Santa, or Père Noël (lit. Father Christmas) is akumatized into Pire Noël (lit. "worst Christmas").

tag: ol


document_title: Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb

question_text: who played la in night at the museum

question_tokens: who played la in night at the museum

root

text: Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb

text: Plot[edit]

text: In 1938 Egypt, a team of archaeologists discover the tomb of pharaoh Ahkmenrah, including a young Cecil Fredericks, finding the magical Tablet of Ahkmenrah. The locals warn the group that removing the tablet will end its magic. In present-day New York City, Larry Daley remains the night guard of the American Museum of Natural History. He, Theodore Roosevelt, Sacagawea, Attila the Hun, Jedediah, Octavius and Dexter the capuchin monkey help re-open the Hayden Planetarium. A new wax Neanderthal resembling Larry named Laaa is introduced, identifying Larry as his father. Ahkmenrah shows Larry that the tablet is corroding, which later causes the exhibits to act erratically, causing mayhem at the planetarium's reopening. Afterwards, Larry catches his son Nick throwing a house party, who plans on taking a gap year to sort out his life.

tag: p

text: Larry reunites with Cecil, now in retirement, who realises the end of the tablet's magic will cause the exhibits to become lifeless. Cecil explains Ahkmenrah's parents, Merenkahre and Shepseheret, may be able to restore the tablet's power, but are located in the British Museum. Larry convinces the museum's curator, Dr. McPhee, to let him ship Ahkmenrah to London to restore the tablet, convinced that McPhee knows its secrets. Larry and Nick travel to the British Museum, bypassing the night guard Tilly. To Larry's surprise, Roosevelt, Sacagawea, Attila, Jed, Octavius, Dexter, and Laaa have come as well. Laaa is left to stand guard while the others search the museum, the tablet bringing its own exhibits to life.

text: They are joined by a wax Sir Lancelot who helps them fight off the aggressive museum exhibits like a Xiangliu statue and a Triceratops skeleton. Jedediah and Octavius fall through a ventilation shaft, but are rescued from an erupting Pompeii model by Dexter. The group find Ahkmenrah's parents, learning the tablet's power can be regenerated by moonlight, since it is empowered with the magic of Khonsu. Lancelot mistakes the tablet for the Holy Grail and steals it, leaving to find Camelot. Larry and Laaa are locked in the employee break room by Tilly but escape, Laaa remaining behind to distract Tilly, but they become attracted to each other.

text: Lancelot crashes a performance of the musical Camelot, starring Hugh Jackman and Alice Eve as King Arthur and Queen Guinevere, but Larry and the others chase him to the theatre roof, where the New York exhibits begin to die. Lancelot then sees that the quest was about them and gives the tablet back. The moonlight restores the tablet's power, saving the exhibits. They decide that Ahkmenrah and the tablet should stay with his parents, even if it means the New York exhibits will no longer come to life. Back in New York, Larry spends some final moments with his friends before sunrise.

text: Three years later, Larry now works as a teacher, and a travelling British Museum exhibit comes to New York. Tilly becomes the new night guard, and gives the tablet to Dr. McPhee, showing him its power, and allowing the exhibits to awaken again. Outside, Larry watches them party inside.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Ben Stiller as Larry Daley, a security guard at the American Museum of Natural History.[4]

Stiller also plays Laaa, a Neanderthal who resembles Larry.

Robin Williams as Theodore Roosevelt, the wax statue of the 26th President of the United States.[4]
Owen Wilson as Jedediah, a cowboy diorama miniature.[4]
Steve Coogan as Octavius, a Roman soldier miniature.[4]
Ricky Gervais as Dr. McPhee, the director of the Museum of Natural History.[4]
Rachael Harris as Madeline Phelps, the chairwoman of the American Museum of Natural History.
Dan Stevens as Sir Lancelot, the wax statue of the legendary Knight of the Round Table.[5]
Rebel Wilson as Tilly, the night security guard at the British Museum.[4]
Skyler Gisondo as Nick Daley, the son of Larry Daley.[6] He was previously played by Jake Cherry in the first two films.
Rami Malek as Ahkmenrah, the mummy of an ancient pharaoh.[4]
Patrick Gallagher as Attila the Hun, the statue of the leader of the Huns.[4]
Mizuo Peck as Sacagawea, the polyurethane model of the Lemhi Shoshone woman who is Theodore Roosevelt's girlfriend.[4]
Ben Kingsley as Merenkahre, the mummy of an ancient pharaoh and Ahkmenrah's father.[7]
Dick Van Dyke as Cecil "C.J." Fredericks, a retired security guard from the first film.[8]

Percy Hynes White plays the younger Cecil "C.J." Fredericks

Mickey Rooney as Gus, a retired security guard from the first film.[8]
Bill Cobbs as Reginald, a retired security guard from the first film.[8]
Andrea Martin as Rose, an archivist at the Museum of Natural History.
Brennan Elliott as Robert Fredericks, C.J.'s father in the prologue.
Matt Frewer as Archibald Stanley, an archeologist who accompanies Robert and Cecil in the prologue.
Anjali Jay as Shepseheret, the mummy of a Great Royal Wife of Merenkahre and mother of Ahkmenrah.
Crystal the Monkey as Dexter, a Capuchin monkey.
Hugh Jackman as Himself (uncredited)
Alice Eve as Herself (uncredited)

tag: ul

text: Voices[edit]

text:
Robin Williams as Garuda Artifact.
Brad Garrett as Easter Island Head.
Regina Taufen as New York Reporter.

text: Production[edit]

text: On January 21, 2010, co-writer Thomas Lennon said to Access Hollywood, "I think it's a really outstanding idea to do Night at the Museum 3, in fact. I wonder if someone's not even already working on a script for that. I cannot confirm that for a fact, but I cannot deny it for a fact either... It might be in the works."[9] In an October 2011 interview with The Hollywood Reporter, Stiller confirmed the sequel, however, he said that it was only in the "ideas stage".[10] In February 2013 it was announced that the film, directed by Shawn Levy, would be released on December 25, 2014.[11] On September 10, 2013, it was announced that shooting would start in February 2014.[12]

text: On November 8, 2013, actor Dan Stevens was cast as Lancelot.[5] On November 15, 2013, it was announced that Skyler Gisondo would be replacing Jake Cherry in the role of Nicky Daley.[6] On December 18, 2013, it was announced that Stiller, Robin Williams, and Ricky Gervais would be returning for the sequel.[13] On January 9, 2014, it was announced that Rebel Wilson would play a security guard in the British Museum.[4] On January 14, 2014, the film's release date was moved up from December 25, 2014, to December 19, 2014.[14] On January 23, 2014, it was announced Ben Kingsley would play an Egyptian Pharaoh at the British Museum.[15] Principal photography and production began on January 27, 2014.[16][17] On May 6, 2014, it was announced that the film would be titled Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb.[18] In May 2014, principal photography ended.[19]

text: Music[edit]

text: Alan Silvestri returned to score the final installment of the trilogy.[20][21]

text:
Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

Film score by Alan Silvestri

Released
January 6, 2015 (2015-01-06)

Recorded
2014

Genre
Film score

Length
56:52

Label
Varese Sarabande

tag: table

text: Track listing[edit]

text: Varese Sarabande released a soundtrack album of the score on January 6, 2015.[22][23][24]

text: All tracks written by Alan Silvestri.

text:
Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb (Original Motion Picture Soundtrack)

No.
Title
Length

1.
"The Ahkmenrah Expedition"
3:34

2.
"Performance Prep"
2:02

3.
"LOL"
2:22

4.
"The Grand Re-Opening"
3:13

5.
"The End Will Come"
2:19

6.
"Sneak And Greet"
3:25

7.
"Sir Lancelot"
3:33

8.
"Where Are Jed And Octavius?"
2:50

9.
"Main Hall"
3:24

10.
"Xiangliu"
3:46

11.
"Male Bonding"
2:15

12.
"The Legend of the Tablet"
3:11

13.
"The Escher Fight"
3:45

14.
"Camelot"
3:49

15.
"The Quest"
2:35

16.
"Seeing Your Boy Become A Man"
3:14

17.
"Laaa Love"
1:53

18.
"A Farewell Kiss"
2:40

19.
"Teddy's Goodbye"
3:02

Total length:
56:52

text: Release[edit]

text: The film premiered at the Ziegfeld Theatre in New York City on December 11, 2014.[25] It was then released on December 19, 2014 in the United States.[26]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb grossed $113.7 million in North America, and $249.5 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $363.2 million against a budget of $127 million.[2]

text: In North America, early analysts were predicting a potential $25–$28 million opening.[27][28] In North America, the film was released on December 19, 2014 across 3,785 theaters.[29] It opened Friday, December 19, 2014 and earned $5.6 million on its opening day, placing at number three at the box office.[30] The film underperformed expectations during its opening weekend, earning $17.1 million, which was relatively lower than the openings of the original film ($30.4 million) and its sequel ($54.1 million).[31] The film debuted at number two at the box office behind The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies.[32] According to 20th Century Fox, the movie's audience was 51% male, with 54% of the audience under the age of 25. In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+", on an A+ to F scale.[32]

text: The film began its international rollout the same weekend as the North American premiere and earned $10.4 million from 27 markets in its opening weekend, debuting at #3 behind at the box office behind The Hobbit: The Battle of the Five Armies and Penguins of Madagascar.[33][34][35][36] The film expanded to an additional 40 markets in its second week and grossed $31.2 million.[37] It topped the box office outside North America in its fourth weekend with a total gross of $46.2 million, primarily because of China, where it opened at #1 with $26 million.[38] The other highest opening figures were from Mexico ($5.85 million), Brazil ($3.1 million), Malaysia ($3.07 million), the UK ($3 million), Australia ($2.8 million), Germany ($2.1 million) and Singapore ($2 million).[37][33][39]

text: For the weekend of January 16, 2015, the film grossed $17.8 million, which includes a $3.9 million debut in South Korea.[40]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On Rotten Tomatoes, the film received a 48% approval rating, based on 104 reviews, with an average score of 5/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "While not without its moments, Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb is a less-than-inspired sendoff for the trilogy."[41] On Metacritic, the film has a score of 47 out of 100, based on 33 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[42] In CinemaScore polls conducted during the opening weekend, cinema audiences gave the film an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[32]

text: Scott Foundas of Variety gave the film a positive review, praising the visual effects and calling the production values "topnotch", and admiring Guillermo Navarro's work. He added, "A most enjoyable capper to director Shawn Levy and producer Chris Columbus' cheerfully silly and sneakily smart family-entertainment juggernaut... offers little in the way of secrets of surprises, but should add much holiday cheer to Fox's box-office coffers."[43] Peter Bradshaw of The Guardian gave the film three stars out of five and said, "The third part in what absolutely no one is calling the Night at the Museum 'trilogy' turns out to be a good-natured and entertainingly surreal panto fantasy."[44] Glenn Kenny awarded the film 2½ stars out of 4 praising the Indiana Jones themed-set while criticizing the performances of the cast and said, "As talent-packed as any Night at the Museum picture may be—in this third installment... —one doesn't come to a movie of this sort expecting anybody's best work. Or at least one certainly shouldn't, because it won't materialize."[45] Stephanie Zacharek of The Village Voice gave the film a positive review, saying "The third installment, Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb may be the best, and even the generally wound-too-tight Ben Stiller – once again playing a bemused Museum of Natural History guard – is easy to tolerate."[46] Claudia Puig of USA Today gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "Where the previous films felt frenetic and forced, this outing feels breezier, more enjoyable and less contrived."[47] Joe Neumaier of the New York Daily News gave the film three out of five stars, saying "There's a serenity to museum visits, especially if it's a place you know and love. Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb, amazingly, recaptures that feeling in big-studio franchise form."[48]

text: Bill Goodykoontz of The Arizona Republic gave the film two out of five stars, saying "Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb is a rather lackluster affair, a cash grab that tries to aim a little higher but confuses sappy shortcuts with real emotion."[49] Joe McGovern of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B, saying "It's kind of fun, unembarrassingly, and not least of all because the people who made it look like they had a good time doing so."[50] Tom Long of The Detroit News gave the film a B, saying "There are some key elements that make this Night at the Museum sequel work better than its predecessor."[51] Stephen Whitty of the Newark Star-Ledger gave the film two out of four stars, saying "The exhibits in this Night at the Museum may still come to life nightly. But their latest movie stays stubbornly inert."[52] Tom Russo of The Boston Globe gave the film two and a half stars out of four, saying "Seeing Ben Stiller, the late Robin Williams, and their magically roused gang together again, this time in London, is initially all about indulgent, nostalgic smiles rather than new wows. But then comes the movie's exceptionally clever and fresh final act, which delivers genuine surprise along with many laughs."[53] Robbie Collin of The Daily Telegraph gave the film three out of five stars, saying "The third Night at the Museum film starts strongly, with its heart in the past... It's an exciting opening, and perhaps too exciting for the film's own good. It's hard not to be disappointed when the plot moves back to the present and settles into the time-honoured formula of digitised creatures running riot and famous people in fancy dress doing shtick."[54] Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a negative review, saying "Despite relocating across the pond to the esteemed British Museum, the creaky Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb fails to capitalize on the comic potential provided by that change of venue."[55]

text: Ignatiy Vishnevetsky of The A.V. Club gave the film a C+, saying "Secret of the Tomb plays it as a source of corny jokes, pop-culture references, and father-son bonding moments. In other words, it's exactly the kind of film that shouldn't be expected to engage with its assorted bizarre subtexts – but what a movie it could be if it did."[56] Sara Stewart of the New York Post gave the film two out of four stars, saying "For piquing kids' interest in history and nature, you could do worse than this goofy Ben Stiller franchise. But its third installment is more meh than manic, too reliant on wide shots of the ragtag Museum of Natural History cohorts striding down corridors. You get the feeling returning director Shawn Levy is ready to hang it up."[57] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film one and a half stars out of five, saying "The dialogue is schmaltzy and often painfully unfunny. The special effects are often so 1980s-bad, one wonders if it was a deliberate choice, to make the creepy visuals of sculptures dancing and paintings moving less frightening to young viewers. Time and again, terrific actors sink in the equivalent of cinematic quicksand, helpless against the sucking sound of this movie."[58] Drew Hunt of Slant Magazine gave the film one out of four stars, saying "None of the entries in the Night at the Museum series could ever pass for high art, but a wealth of comedic talent gave the first two installments a madcap energy that somewhat forgave their childish premises. Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb, the third and supposedly final edition in the franchise, is nothing more than an uncomfortably transparent contractual obligation."[59]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Category
Recipient(s)
Result
Ref(s)

Teen Choice Awards
Choice Movie: Comedy
Nominated
[60]

Choice Movie Actor: Comedy
Ben Stiller
Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards
Favorite Movie Actor
Ben Stiller
Won
[61][62]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Night at the Museum: Secret of the Tomb was released on Blu-ray and DVD on March 10, 2015.[63] The film debuted in second place on the home media charts behind The Hunger Games: Mockingjay – Part 1.[64]


document_title: Mechanical advantage

question_text: how does increased friction affect the actual mechanical advantage of a machine

text: Mechanical advantage

text: The law of the lever[edit]

text: The lever is a movable bar that pivots on a fulcrum attached to or positioned on or across a fixed point. The lever operates by applying forces at different distances from the fulcrum, or pivot.  The location of the fulcrum determines a lever's class.  Where a lever rotates, continuously, it functions as a rotary 2nd-class lever.   The motion of the lever's end-point describes a fixed orbit, where mechanical energy can be exchanged.  (see a hand-crank as an example.)

text: In modern times, this kind of rotary leverage is widely used;  see a (rotary) 2nd-class lever; see gears, pulleys or friction drive, used in a mechanical power transmission scheme.  It is common for mechanical advantage to be manipulated in a 'collapsed' form, via the use of more than one gear (a gearset).  In such a gearset, gears having smaller radii and less inherent mechanical advantage are used.  In order to make use of non-collapsed mechanical advantage, it is necessary to use a 'true length' rotary lever.   See, also, the incorporation of mechanical advantage into the design of certain types of electric motors; one design is an 'outrunner'.

text: As the lever pivots on the fulcrum, points farther from this pivot move faster than points closer to the pivot.  The power into and out of the lever is the same, so must come out the same when calculations are being done. Power is the product of force and velocity, so forces applied to points farther from the pivot must be less than when applied to points closer in.[1]

text: If a and b are distances from the fulcrum to points A and B and if force FA applied to A is the input force and FB exerted at B is the output, the  ratio of the velocities of points A and B is given by a/b, so the ratio of the output force to the input force, or mechanical advantage, is given by

text: This is the law of the lever, which was proven by Archimedes using geometric reasoning.[2] It shows that if the distance a from the fulcrum to where the input force is applied (point A) is greater than the distance b from fulcrum to where the output force is applied (point B), then the lever amplifies the input force.  If the distance from the fulcrum to the input force is less than from the fulcrum to the output force, then the lever reduces the input force.   Recognizing the profound implications and practicalities of the law of the lever, Archimedes has been famously attributed the quotation "Give me a place to stand and with a lever I will move the whole world."[3]

text: The use of velocity in the static analysis of a lever is an application of the principle of virtual work.

text: Speed ratio[edit]

text: The requirement for power input to an ideal  mechanism to equal power output provides a simple way to compute mechanical advantage from the input-output speed ratio of the system.

text: The power input to a gear train with a torque TA applied to the drive pulley which rotates at an angular velocity of ωA is P=TAωA.

text: Because the power flow is constant, the torque TB and angular velocity ωB of the output gear must satisfy the relation

text: which yields

text: This shows that for an ideal mechanism the input-output speed ratio equals the mechanical advantage of the system.  This applies to all mechanical systems ranging from robots to linkages.

text: Gear trains[edit]

text: Gear teeth are designed so that the number of teeth on a gear is proportional to the radius of its pitch circle, and so that the pitch circles of meshing gears roll on each other without slipping.  The speed ratio for a pair of meshing gears can be computed from ratio of the radii of the pitch circles and the ratio of the number of teeth on each gear, its gear ratio.

text: The velocity v of the point of contact on the pitch circles is the same on both gears, and is given by

text:
where input gear A has radius rA and meshes with output gear B of radius rB,
therefore,

text: where NA is the number of teeth on the input gear and NB is the number of teeth on the output gear.

text: The mechanical advantage of a pair of meshing gears for which the input gear has  NA teeth  and the output gear has NB teeth is given by

text: This shows that if the output gear GB has more teeth than the input gear GA, then the gear train amplifies the input torque.  And, if the output gear has fewer teeth than the input gear, then the gear train reduces the input torque.

text: If the output gear of a gear train rotates more slowly than the input gear, then the gear train is called a speed reducer.  In this case, because the output gear must have more teeth than the input gear, the speed reducer will amplify the input torque.

text: Chain and belt drives[edit]

text: Mechanisms consisting of two sprockets connected by a chain, or two pulleys connected by a belt are designed to provide a specific mechanical advantage in power transmission systems.

text: The velocity v of the chain or belt is the same when in contact with the two sprockets or pulleys:

text: where the input sprocket or pulley A meshes with the chain or belt along the pitch radius rA and the output sprocket or pulley B meshes with this chain or belt along the pitch radius rB,

text: therefore

text: where NA is the number of teeth on the input sprocket and NB is the number of teeth on the output sprocket.  For a toothed belt drive, the number of teeth on the sprocket can be used.  For friction belt drives the pitch radius of the input and output pulleys must be used.

text: The mechanical advantage of a pair of a chain drive or toothed belt drive with an input sprocket with  NA  teeth and the output sprocket has NB teeth is given by

text: The mechanical advantage for friction belt drives is given by

text: Chains and belts dissipate power through friction,  stretch and wear, which means the power output is actually less than the power input, which means the mechanical advantage of the real system will be less than that calculated for an ideal mechanism.  A chain or belt drive can lose as much as 5% of the power through the system in friction heat, deformation and wear, in which case the efficiency of the drive is 95%.

text: Example: bicycle chain drive[edit]

text: Consider the 18-speed bicycle with 7 in (radius) cranks and 26 in (diameter) wheels.  If the sprockets at the crank and at the rear drive wheel are the same size, then the ratio of the output force on the tire to the input force on the pedal can be calculated from the law of the lever to be

text: Now, consider the small and large front sprockets which have 28 and 52 teeth respectively, and consider the small and large rear sprockets which have 16 and 32 teeth each.  Using these numbers we can compute the following speed ratios between the front and rear sprockets

text:
Speed ratios

input (small)

input (large)

output (small)

output (large)

speed ratio

crank-wheel ratio

total MA

low speed

28
45
19
32
1.14
0.54
0.62

mid 1

19
52
29
32
0.62
0.54
0.33

mid 2

28
39
16
26
0.57
0.54
0.31

high speed

-
52
16
-
0.30
0.54
0.16

text: The ratio of the force driving the bicycle to the force on the pedal, which is the total mechanical advantage of the bicycle, is the product of the speed ratio and the crank-wheel lever ratio.

text: Notice that in every case the force on the pedals is greater than the force driving the bicycle forward (in the illustration above, the corresponding backward-directed reaction force on the ground is indicated).  This low mechanical advantage keeps the pedal crank speed low relative to the speed of the drive wheel, even in low gears.

text: Block and tackle[edit]

text: A block and tackle is an assembly of a rope and pulleys that is used to lift loads.  A number of pulleys are assembled together to form the blocks, one that is fixed and one that moves with the load.  The rope is threaded through the pulleys to provide mechanical advantage that amplifies that force applied to the rope.[4]

text: In order to determine the mechanical advantage of a block and tackle system consider the simple case of a gun tackle, which has a single mounted, or fixed, pulley and a single movable pulley.  The rope is threaded around the fixed block and falls down to the moving block where it is threaded around the pulley and brought back up to be knotted to the fixed block.

text: Let S be the distance from the axle of the fixed block to the end of the rope, which is A where the input force is applied.  Let R be the distance from the axle of the fixed block to the axle of the moving block, which is B where the load is applied.

text: The total length of the rope L can be written as

text: where K is the constant length of rope that passes over the pulleys and does not change as the block and tackle moves.

text: The velocities VA and VB of the points A and B are related by the constant length of the rope, that is

text: or

text: The negative sign shows that the velocity of the load is opposite to the velocity of the applied force, which means as we pull down on the rope the load moves up.

text: Let VA be positive downwards and VB be positive upwards, so this relationship can be written as the speed ratio

text: where 2 is the number of rope sections supporting the moving block.

text: Let  FA be the input force applied at A the end of the rope, and let FB be the force at B on the moving block.  Like the velocities FA is directed downwards and FB is directed upwards.

text: For an ideal block and tackle system there is no friction in the pulleys and no deflection or wear in the rope, which means the power input by the applied force FAVA must equal the power out acting on the load FBVB, that is

text: The ratio of the output force to the input force is the mechanical advantage of an ideal gun tackle system,

text: This analysis generalizes to an ideal block and tackle with a moving block supported by n rope sections,

text: This shows that the force exerted by an ideal block and tackle is n times the input force, where n is the number of sections of rope that support the moving block.

text: Efficiency[edit]

text: Mechanical advantage that is computed using the assumption that no power is lost through deflection, friction and wear of a machine is the maximum performance that can be achieved.  For this reason, it is often called the ideal mechanical advantage (IMA).  In operation, deflection, friction and wear will reduce the mechanical advantage.  The amount of this reduction from the ideal to the actual mechanical advantage (AMA) is defined by a factor called efficiency, a quantity which is determined by experimentation.

text: As an ideal example, using a block and tackle with six ropes and a 600 pound load, the operator would be required to pull the rope six feet and exert 100 pounds of force to lift the load one foot. Both the ratios Fout / Fin and Vin / Vout from below show that the IMA is six. For the first ratio, 100 pounds of force in results in 600 pounds of force out; in the real world, the force out would be less than 600 pounds. The second ratio also yields a MA of 6 in the ideal case but fails in real world calculations; it does not properly account for energy losses. Subtracting those losses from the IMA or using the first ratio yields the AMA. The ratio of AMA to IMA is the mechanical efficiency of the system.

text: Ideal mechanical advantage[edit]

text: The ideal mechanical advantage (IMA), or theoretical mechanical advantage, is the mechanical advantage of a device with the assumption that its components do not flex, there is no friction, and there is no wear.  It is calculated using the physical dimensions of the device and defines the maximum performance the device can achieve.

text: The assumptions of an ideal machine are equivalent to the requirement that the machine does not store or dissipate energy; the power into the machine thus equals the power out.  Therefore, the power P is constant through the machine and force times velocity into the machine equals the force times velocity out--that is,

text: The ideal mechanical advantage is the ratio of the force out of the machine (load) to the force into the machine (effort), or

text: Applying the constant power relationship yields a formula for this ideal mechanical advantage in terms of the speed ratio:

text: The speed ratio of a machine can be calculated from its physical dimensions. The assumption of constant power thus allows use of the speed ratio to determine the maximum value for the mechanical advantage.

text: Actual mechanical advantage[edit]

text: The actual mechanical advantage (AMA) is the mechanical advantage determined by physical measurement of the input and output forces. Actual mechanical advantage takes into account energy loss due to deflection, friction, and wear.

text: The AMA of a machine is calculated as the ratio of the measured force output to the measured force input,

text: where the input and output forces are determined experimentally.

text: The ratio of the experimentally determined mechanical advantage to the ideal mechanical advantage is the efficiency η of the machine,