document_title: Simon Templar

question_text: who played simon templar in the original series of the saint

text: Simon Templar

text: Overview[edit]

text: Simon Templar is a Robin Hood-like criminal known as The Saint – plausibly from his initials, but the exact reason for his nickname is unknown (although we're told that he was given it at the age of nineteen). Templar has aliases, often using the initials S.T. such as "Sebastian Tombs" or "Sugarman Treacle". Blessed with boyish humour, he makes humorous and off-putting remarks and leaves a "calling card" at his "crimes", a stick figure of a man with a halo. This is used as the logo of the books, the movies, and the 1960s TV series. He is described as "buccaneer in the suits of Savile Row, amused, cool, debonair, with hell-for-leather blue eyes and a saintly smile".[1]

text: His origin remains a mystery; he is explicitly British, but in early books (e.g. Meet the Tiger) there are references which suggest that he had spent some time in the United States battling prohibition bad guys. Presumably, his acquaintance with Bronx sidekick Hoppy Uniatz dates from this period. In the books, his income is derived from the pockets of the "ungodly" (as he terms those who live by a lesser moral code than his own), whom he is given to "socking on the boko". There are references to a "ten percent collection fee" to cover expenses when he extracts large sums from victims, the remainder being returned to the owners, given to charity, shared among Templar's colleagues, or some combination of those possibilities.

text: Templar's targets include corrupt politicians, warmongers, and other low life. "He claims he's a Robin Hood", bleats one victim, "but to me he's just a robber and a hood".[2] Robin Hood appears to be one inspiration for the character; Templar stories were often promoted as featuring "The Robin Hood of modern crime", and this phrase to describe Templar appears in several stories. A term used by Templar to describe his acquisitions is "boodle" (a term also applied to the short story collection).

text: The Saint has a dark side, as he is willing to ruin the lives of the "ungodly", and even kill them, if he feels that more innocent lives can be saved. In the early books, Templar refers to this as murder, although he considers his actions justified and righteous, a view usually shared by partners and colleagues. Several adventures centre on his intention to kill (for example, "Arizona" in The Saint Goes West has Templar planning to kill a Nazi scientist).

text: During the 1920s and early 1930s, The Saint is fighting European arms dealers, drug runners, and white slavers while based in his London home. His battles with Rayt Marius mirror the 'four rounds with Carl Petersen' of Bulldog Drummond. During the first half of the 1940s, Charteris cast Templar as a willing operative of the American government, fighting Nazi interests in the United States during World War II.

text: Beginning with the "Arizona" novella, Templar is fighting his own war against Germany. The Saint Steps In reveals that Templar is operating on behalf of a mysterious American government official known as Hamilton who appears again in the next WWII-era Saint book, The Saint on Guard, and Templar is shown continuing to act as a secret agent for Hamilton in the first post-war novel, The Saint Sees it Through. The later books move from confidence games, murder mysteries, and wartime espionage and place Templar as a global adventurer.

text: According to Saint historian Burl Barer, Charteris made the decision to remove Templar from his usual confidence-game trappings, not to mention his usual co-stars Holm, Uniatz, Orace and Teal, as they weren't appropriate for the post-war stories he was writing.[3]

text: Although The Saint functions as an ordinary detective in some stories, others depict ingenious plots to get even with vanity publishers and other rip-off artists, greedy bosses who exploit their workers, con men, etc.

text: The Saint has many partners, though none last throughout the series. For the first half until the late 1940s, the most recurrent is Patricia Holm, his girlfriend, who was introduced in the first story, the 1928 novel Meet the Tiger in which she shows herself a capable adventurer. Holm appeared erratically throughout the series, sometimes disappearing for books at a time. Templar and Holm lived together in a time when common-law relationships were uncommon and, in some areas, illegal.

text: They have an easy, non-binding relationship, as Templar is shown flirting with other women from time to time. However, his heart remains true to Holm in the early books, culminating in his considering marriage in the novella The Melancholy Journey of Mr. Teal, only to have Holm say she had no interest in marrying. Holm disappeared in the late 1940s, and according to Barer's history of The Saint, Charteris refused to allow Templar a steady girlfriend, or Holm to return (although according to the Saintly Bible website, Charteris did write a film story that would have seen Templar encountering a son he had with Holm). Holm's final appearance as a character was in the short stories "Iris", "Lida," and "Luella," contained within the 1948 collection Saint Errant; the next direct reference to her does not appear in print until the 1983 novel Salvage for the Saint.

text: Another recurring character, Scotland Yard Inspector Claud Eustace Teal, could be found attempting to put The Saint behind bars, although in some books they work in partnership. In The Saint in New York, Teal's American counterpart, NYPD Inspector John Henry Fernack, was introduced, and he would become, like Teal, an Inspector Lestrade-like foil and pseudo-nemesis in a number of books, notably the American-based World War II novels of the 1940s.

text: The Saint had a band of compatriots, including Roger Conway, Norman Kent, Archie Sheridan, Richard "Dicky" Tremayne (a name that appeared in the 1990s TV series, Twin Peaks), Peter Quentin, Monty Hayward, and his ex-military valet, Orace.

text: In later stories, the dim-witted and constantly soused but reliable American thug Hoppy Uniatz was at Templar's side. Of The Saint's companions, only Norman Kent was killed during an adventure (he sacrifices himself to save Templar in the novel The Last Hero); the other males are presumed to have settled down and married (two to former female criminals: Dicky Tremayne to "Straight Audrey" Perowne and Peter Quentin to Kathleen "The Mug" Allfield; Archie Sheridan is mentioned to have married in "The Lawless Lady" in Enter the Saint, presumably to Lilla McAndrew after the events of the story "The Wonderful War" in Featuring the Saint).

text: Charteris gave Templar interests and quirks as the series went on. Early talents as an amateur poet and songwriter were displayed, often to taunt villains, though the novella The Inland Revenue established that poetry was also a hobby. That story revealed that Templar wrote an adventure novel featuring a South American hero not far removed from The Saint himself.

text: Templar also on occasion would break the fourth wall in an almost metafictional sense, making references to being part of a story and mentioning in one early story how he cannot be killed so early on; the 1960s television series would also have Templar address viewers. Charteris in his narrative also frequently breaks the fourth wall by making references to the "chronicler" of The Saint's adventures and directly addressing the reader and in one instance (the story "The Sizzling Saboteur" in The Saint on Guard) inserts his own name. Furthermore, in the 1955 story "The Unkind Philanthropist", published in the collection The Saint on the Spanish Main, Templar states outright that (in his fictional universe) his adventures are indeed written about by a man named Leslie Charteris.

text: Publishing history[edit]

text: The origins of The Saint can be found in early works by Charteris, some of which predated the first Saint novel, 1928's Meet the Tiger, or were written after it but before Charteris committed to writing a Saint series. Burl Barer reveals that an obscure early work, Daredevil, not only featured a heroic lead who shared "Saintly" traits (down to driving the same brand of automobile) but also shared his adventures with Inspector Claud Eustace Teal—a character later a regular in Saint books. Barer writes that several early Saint stories were rewritten from non-Saint stories, including the novel She Was a Lady, which appeared in magazine form featuring a different lead character.

text: Charteris utilized three formats for delivering his stories. Besides full-length novels, he wrote novellas for the most part published in magazines and later in volumes of two or three stories. He also wrote short stories featuring the character, again mostly for magazines and later compiled into omnibus editions. In later years these short stories carried a common theme, such as the women Templar meets or exotic places he visits. With the exception of Meet the Tiger, chapter titles of Templar novels usually contain a descriptive phrase describing the events of the chapter; for example, Chapter Four of Knight Templar is titled "How Simon Templar dozed in the Green Park and discovered a new use for toothpaste".

text: Although Charteris's novels and novellas had more conventional thriller plots than his confidence game short stories, both novels and stories are admired. As in the past, the appeal lies in the vitality of the character, a hero who can go into a brawl and come out with his hair combed and who, faced with death, lights a cigarette and taunts his enemy with the signature phrase "As the actress said to the bishop ..."

text: The period of the books begins in the 1920s and moves to the 1970s as the 50 books progress (the character being seemingly ageless). In early books most activities are illegal, although directed at villains. In later books, this becomes less so. In books written during World War II, The Saint was recruited by the government to help track spies and similar undercover work.[4] Later he became a cold warrior fighting Communism. The quality of writing also changes; early books have a freshness which becomes replaced by cynicism in later works. A few Saint stories crossed into science fiction and fantasy, "The Man Who Liked Ants" and the early novel The Last Hero being examples; one Saint short story, "The Darker Drink", was even published in the October 1952 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction.[5] When early Saint books were republished in the 1960s to the 1980s, it was not uncommon to see freshly written introductions by Charteris apologizing for the out-of-date tone; according to a Charteris "apology" in a 1969 paperback of Featuring the Saint, he attempted to update some earlier stories when they were reprinted but gave up and let them sit as period pieces. The 1963 edition of the short story collection The Happy Highwayman contains examples of abandoned revisions; in one story published in the 1930s ("The Star Producers"), references to actors of the 1930s were replaced for 1963 with names of current movie stars; another 1930s-era story, "The Man Who Was Lucky", added references to atomic power.

text: Charteris started retiring from writing books following 1963's The Saint in the Sun. The next book to carry Charteris's name, 1964's Vendetta for the Saint, was written by science fiction author Harry Harrison, who had worked on the Saint comic strip, after which Charteris edited and revised the manuscript. Between 1964 and 1983, another 14 Saint books would be published, credited to Charteris but written by others. In his introduction to the first, The Saint on TV, Charteris called these volumes a team effort in which he oversaw selection of stories, initially adaptations of scripts written for the 1962–1969 TV series The Saint, and with Fleming Lee writing the adaptations (other authors took over from Lee). Charteris and Lee collaborated on two Saint novels in the 1970s, The Saint in Pursuit (based on a story by Charteris for the Saint comic strip) and The Saint and the People Importers. The "team" writers were usually credited on the title page, if not the cover. One later volume, Catch the Saint, was an experiment in returning The Saint to his period, prior to World War II (as opposed to recent Saint books set in the present day). Several later volumes also adapted scripts from the 1970s revival TV series Return of the Saint.

text: The last Saint volume in the line of books starting with Meet the Tiger in 1928 was Salvage for the Saint, published in 1983. According to the Saintly Bible website, every Saint book published between 1928 and 1983 saw the first edition issued by Hodder & Stoughton in the United Kingdom (a company that originally published only religious books) and The Crime Club (an imprint of Doubleday that specialized in mystery and detective fiction) in the United States. For the first 20 years, the books were first published in Britain, with the United States edition following up to a year later. By the late 1940s to early 1950s, this situation had been reversed. In one case—The Saint to the Rescue—a British edition did not appear until nearly two years after the American one.

text: French language books published over 30 years included translated volumes of Charteris originals as well as novelisations of radio scripts from the English-language radio series and comic strip adaptations. Many of these books credited to Charteris were written by others, including Madeleine Michel-Tyl.[6]

text: Charteris died in 1993. Two additional Saint novels appeared around the time of the 1997 film starring Val Kilmer: a novelisation of the film (which had little connection to the Charteris stories) and Capture the Saint, a more faithful work published by The Saint Club and originated by Charteris in 1936. Both books were written by Burl Barer, who in the early 1990s published a history of the character in books, radio, and television.

text: Charteris wrote 14 novels between 1928 and 1971 (the last two co-written), 34 novellas, and 95 short stories featuring Simon Templar. Between 1963 and 1997, an additional seven novels and fourteen novellas were written by others.

text: In 2014, all the Saint books from Enter the Saint to Salvage for the Saint (but not Meet the Tiger nor Burl Barer's Capture the Saint) were republished in both the United Kingdom and United States.

text: On radio[edit]

text: Several radio drama series were produced in North America, Ireland, and Britain. The earliest was for Radio Éireann's Radio Athlone in 1940 and starred Terence De Marney. Both NBC and CBS produced Saint series during 1945, starring Edgar Barrier and Brian Aherne. Many early shows were adaptations of published stories, although Charteris wrote several storylines for the series which were novelised as short stories and novellas.

text: The longest-running radio incarnation was Vincent Price, who played the character in a series between 1947 and 1951 on three networks: CBS, Mutual and NBC. Like The Whistler, the program had an opening whistle theme with footsteps; some sources say the whistling theme for The Saint was created by Leslie Charteris, while others credit RKO composer Roy Webb. Price left in May 1951, to be replaced by Tom Conway, who played the role for several more months; his brother, George Sanders, had played Templar on film. For more about The Saint on American radio, see The Saint (radio program).

text: The next English-language radio series aired on Springbok Radio in South Africa between 1953 and 1957. These were fresh adaptations of the original stories and starred Tom Meehan. Around 1965 to 1966 the South African version of Lux Radio Theatre produced a single dramatization of The Saint. The English service of South Africa produced another series radio adventures for six months in 1970–1971. The most recent English-language incarnation was a series of three one-hour-long radio plays on BBC Radio 4 in 1995, all adapted from Charteris novels: Saint Overboard, The Saint Closes The Case and The Saint Plays With Fire, starring Paul Rhys as Templar.

text: In film and on television[edit]

text: Not long after creating The Saint, Charteris began a long association with Hollywood as a screenwriter. He was successful in getting a major studio, RKO Radio Pictures, interested in a film based on one of his works. The first, The Saint in New York in 1938, based on the 1935 novel of the same name, starred Louis Hayward as Templar and Jonathan Hale as Inspector Henry Farnack, the American counterpart of Mr Teal.

text: The film was a success and seven more films followed in quick succession. George Sanders took over the lead role from Hayward and did it for five of those films, while Hugh Sinclair portrayed Templar in the two last. Several of the films were original stories, sometimes based upon outlines by Charteris while others were based loosely on original novels or novellas.

text: In 1953, British Hammer Film Productions produced The Saint's Return (known as "The Saint's Girl Friday" in the United States), for which Hayward returned to the role. This was followed by an unsuccessful French production in 1960.

text: In the 1960s Roger Moore revived the role in a long-running television series The Saint. According to the book Spy Television by Wesley Britton, the first actor offered the role was Patrick McGoohan of Danger Man and The Prisoner. The series ran from 1962 to 1969, and Moore remains the actor most closely identified with the character.

text: Since Moore, other actors played him in later series, notably Return of the Saint (1978–1979) starring Ian Ogilvy; the series ran for one season, although it was picked up by the CBS network. In the mid-1980s, the National Enquirer and other newspapers reported that Moore was planning to produce a movie based on The Saint with Pierce Brosnan as Templar, but it was never made. (Ironically Brosnan almost became Moore's immediate successor as James Bond.) A television pilot for a The Saint in Manhattan series starring Australian actor Andrew Clarke was shown on CBS in 1987 as part of the CBS Summer Playhouse; the pilot was produced by Don Taffner, but it never progressed beyond the pilot stage. Inspector John Fernack of the NYPD, played by Kevin Tighe, made his first film appearance since the 1940s in that production, while Templar (sporting a moustache) got about in a black Lamborghini bearing the ST1 licence plate. In 1989, six movies were made by Taffner starring Simon Dutton. These were syndicated in the United States as part of a series of films titled Mystery Wheel of Adventure, while in the United Kingdom they were shown as a series on ITV.

text: In 1991, as detailed by Burl Barer in his 1992 history of The Saint, plans were announced for a series of motion pictures. Ultimately, however, no such franchise appeared.

text: The Saint starring Val Kilmer was made in 1997 but diverged far from the Charteris books, although it did revive Templar's use of aliases. Kilmer's Saint is unable to defeat a Russian gangster in hand-to-hand combat and is forced to flee; this would have been unthinkable in a Charteris tale. Whereas the original Saint resorted to aliases that had the initials S.T., Kilmer's character used Christian saints, regardless of initials. This Saint refrained from killing, and even the main villains live to stand trial, whereas Charteris's version had no qualms about taking another life. Kilmer's Saint is presented as a master of disguise, but Charteris's version hardly used the sophisticated ones shown in this film. The film mirrored aspects of Charteris's own life, notably his origins in the Far East, though not in an orphanage as the film portrayed. Sir Roger Moore features throughout in cameo as the BBC Newsreader heard in Simon Templar's Volvo.

text: Since the Kilmer film, there have been several failed attempts at producing pilots for potential new Saint television series:

text: On March 13, 2007, TNT said it was developing a one-hour series. The series (for which no broadcast date was announced) was to be executive produced by William J. MacDonald and produced by Jorge Zamacona.[7][8] James Purefoy was announced as the new Simon Templar.[9][10] Production of the pilot, which was to have been directed by Barry Levinson, did not go ahead.[11] Another attempt at production was planned for 2009 with Scottish actor Dougray Scott starring as Simon Templar. Roger Moore announced on his website that he would be appearing in the new production, which is being produced by his son, Geoffrey Moore, in a small role.[12] This production also did not proceed.

text: It was announced in December 2012 that a third attempt would be made to produce a pilot for a potential TV series. This time, English actor Adam Rayner was cast as Simon Templar and American actress Eliza Dushku as Patricia Holm (a character from the novels never before portrayed on television and only once in the films), with Roger Moore producing.[13] Unlike the prior attempts, production of the Rayner pilot did commence in December 2012 and continued into early 2013, with Moore and Ogilvy making cameo appearances, according to a cast list posted on the official Leslie Charteris website[14] and subsequently confirmed in the trailer that was released.[15] The pilot was not picked up for a series and was broadcast as the TV movie The Saint on 11 July 2017.

text: Films[edit]

text: Since 1938, numerous films have been produced in the United States, France and Australia based to varying degrees upon The Saint. A few were based, usually loosely, upon Charteris's stories, but most were original.

text: This is a list of the films featuring Simon Templar and of the actors who played The Saint:

text:
The Saint in New York (1938 – Louis Hayward)
The Saint Strikes Back (1939 – George Sanders)
The Saint in London (1939 – Sanders)
The Saint's Double Trouble (1940 – Sanders)
The Saint Takes Over (1940 – Sanders)
The Saint in Palm Springs (1941 – Sanders)
The Saint's Vacation (1941 – Hugh Sinclair)
The Saint Meets the Tiger (produced in 1941, released in 1943 – Sinclair)
The Saint's Return (1953 – Hayward) - aka The Saint's Girl Friday
Le Saint mène la danse (1960 – Félix Marten)
Le Saint prend l'affût (1966 – Jean Marais)
The Fiction Makers (1968 – Roger Moore) – edited from episodes of The Saint
Vendetta for the Saint (1969 – Moore) – edited from episodes of The Saint
The Saint and the Brave Goose (1979 made for TV – Ian Ogilvy) – edited from episodes of Return of the Saint
The Saint in Manhattan (1987 made for TV – Andrew Clarke)
The Saint: Wrong Number (1989 - Simon Dutton)
The Saint: The Software Murders (1989 - Dutton)
The Saint: The Brazilian Connection (1989 - Dutton)
The Saint: The Blue Dulac (1989 - Dutton)
The Saint: The Big Bang (1989 - Dutton)
Fear In Fun Park (1989 - Dutton)
The Saint (1997 – Val Kilmer)
The Saint (2017 made for TV – Adam Rayner)

text: In the 1930s, RKO purchased the rights to produce a film adaptation of Saint Overboard, but no such movie was ever produced.

text: Television series[edit]

text:
The Saint (1962–1969 – Roger Moore)
Return of the Saint (1978–1979 – Ian Ogilvy)
The Saint – six 100-minute TV films, all starring Simon Dutton. Made for London Weekend Television (LWT) in the United Kingdom, it was postponed due to poor rating, but went out as part of The Mystery Wheel of Adventure in the United States:

The Brazilian Connection (2 September 1989)
The Blue Dulac (9 September 1989)
Fear in Fun Park, a.k.a. The Saint in Australia) (14 July 1990, postponed from 16 September 1989 & 7 July 1990)
Wrong Number (21 July 1990, postponed from 14 July 1990)
The Big Bang (28 July 1990)
The Software Murders (4 August 1990)

text: Three of the most recent actors to play Templar — Roger Moore, Ian Ogilvy, and Simon Dutton — have been appointed vice presidents of "The Saint Club" that was founded by Leslie Charteris in 1936.

text: On the stage[edit]

text: In the late 1940s Charteris and sometime Sherlock Holmes scriptwriter Denis Green wrote a stage play titled The Saint Misbehaves.[16]

text: It was never publicly performed, as soon after writing it Charteris decided to focus on non-Saint work. For many years it was thought to be lost; however, two copies are known to exist in private hands, and correspondence relating to the play can be found in the Leslie Charteris Collection at Boston University.

text: In the comics[edit]

text: The Saint appeared in a long-running series starting as a daily comic strip 27 September 1948 with a Sunday added on 20 March the following year. The early strips were written by Leslie Charteris, who had previous experience writing comic strips, having replaced Dashiell Hammett as the writer of the Secret Agent X-9 strip. The original artist was Mike Roy. In 1951, when John Spranger replaced Roy as the artist, he altered The Saint's appearance by depicting him with a beard. Bob Lubbers illustrated The Saint in 1959 and 1960. The final two years of the strip were drawn by Doug Wildey before it came to an end on 16 September 1961.

text: Concurrent with the comic strip, Avon Comics published 12 issues of a The Saint comic book between 1947 and 1952 (some of these stories were reprinted in the 1980s). Some issues included uncredited short stories; an additional short story, "Danger No. 5", appeared as filler in issue 2 of the 1952 war comic Captain Steve Savage.[17]

text: The 1960s TV series is unusual in that it is one of the few major programs of its genre that was not adapted as a comic book in the United States.

text: In Sweden, The Saint had a long-running comic book published from 1966 to 1985 under the title Helgonet.[18] It originally reprinted the newspaper strip, but soon original stories were commissioned for Helgonet. These stories were also later reprinted in other European countries. Two of the main writers were Norman Worker and Donne Avenell; the latter also co-wrote the novels The Saint and the Templar Treasure and the novella collection Count on the Saint, while Worker contributed to the novella collection Catch the Saint.

text: A new American comic book series was launched by Moonstone Comics in the summer of 2012, but it never went beyond a single promotional issue "zero".[19]

text: In magazines[edit]

text: Charteris also edited or oversaw several magazines that tied in with The Saint. The first of these were anthologies titled The Saint's Choice that ran for seven issues in 1945–46. A few years later Charteris launched The Saint Detective Magazine (later titled The Saint Mystery Magazine and The Saint Magazine), which ran for 141 issues between 1953 and 1967, with a separate British edition that ran just as long but published different material. In most issues of Saint's Choice and the later magazines Charteris included at least one Saint story, usually previously published in one of his books but occasionally original. In several mid-1960s issues, however, he substituted Instead of the Saint, a series of essays on topics of interest to him. The rest of the material in the magazines consisted of novellas and short stories by other mystery writers of the day. An Australian edition was also published for a few years in the 1950s. In 1984 Charteris attempted to revive the Saint magazine, but it ran for only three issues.[20]

text: Leslie Charteris himself portrayed The Saint in a photo play in Life magazine: The Saint Goes West.

text: Book series[edit]

text: Most Saint books were collections of novellas or short stories, some of which were published individually either in magazines or in smaller paperback form. Many of the books have also been published under different titles over the years; the titles used here are the more common ones for each book.

text: From 1964 to 1983, the Saint books were collaborative works; Charteris acted in an editorial capacity and received front cover author credit, while other authors wrote these stories and were credited inside the book. These collaborative authors are noted. (Sources: Barer and the editions themselves.)

text:
Year
First publication title
(and author if not Charteris)
Stories
Alternative titles

1928
Meet the Tiger
novel
Meet - the Tiger!
The Saint Meets the Tiger
Scoundrels Ltd.
Crooked Gold
The Saint in Danger

1930
Enter the Saint
"The Man Who was Clever"
"The Policeman with Wings"
"The Lawless Lady"
(Some editions contain only two stories, in different combinations)
none

1930
The Last Hero
novel
The Creeping Death
Sudden Death
The Saint Closes the Case
The Saint and the Last Hero

1930
Knight Templar
novel
The Avenging Saint

1931
Featuring the Saint
(originally published UK only)
"The Logical Adventure"
"The Wonderful War"
"The Man Who Could Not Die"
none

1931
Alias the Saint
(originally published UK only)
"Story of a Dead Man"
"The Impossible Crime"
"The National Debt"
Avon paperback contains only "The National Debt" and "The Man Who Could Not Die" from the previous book.
none

1931
Wanted for Murder
(US only)
America-only edition combining Featuring the Saint and Alias the Saint (only US edition of these books until the 1960s)
Avon paperback has only "The Story of a Dead Man" and "The Impossible Crime" from the previous book.
Paging the Saint

1931
She Was a Lady
novel
The Saint Meets His Match
Angels of Doom

1932
The Holy Terror
"The Inland Revenue"
"The Million Pound Day"
"The Melancholy Journey of Mr. Teal"
The Saint Vs. Scotland Yard

1932
Getaway
novel
The Saint's Getaway
Property of the Deceased
Two Men from Munich

1933
Once More the Saint
"The Gold Standard"
"The Man from St. Louis"
"The Death Penalty"
The Saint and Mr. Teal

1933
The Brighter Buccaneer
"The Brain Workers"
"The Export Trade"
"The Tough Egg"
"The Bad Baron"
"The Brass Buddha"
"The Perfect Crime"
"The Unpopular Landlord"
"The New Swindle"
"The Five Thousand Pound Kiss"
"The Blind Spot"
"The Unusual Ending"
"The Unblemished Bootlegger"
"The Appalling Politician"
"The Owner's Handicap"
"The Green Goods Man"
none

1934
The Misfortunes of Mr. Teal
"The Simon Templar Foundation"
"The Higher Finance"
"The Art of Alibi"
The Saint in London
The Saint in England

1934
Boodle
"The Ingenious Colonel"
"The Unfortunate Financier"
"The Newdick Helicopter"
"The Prince of Cherkessia"
"The Treasure of Turk's Lane"
"The Sleepless Knight"
"The Uncritical Publisher"
"The Noble Sportsman"
"The Damsel in Distress"
"The Loving Brothers"
"The Tall Timber"
"The Art Photographer"
"The Man Who Liked Toys"
"The Mixture as Before"
(some editions omit the stories "The Uncritical Publisher" and "The Noble Sportsman")
The Saint Intervenes

1934
The Saint Goes On
"The High Fence"
"The Elusive Ellshaw"
"The Case of the Frightened Innkeeper"
none

1935
The Saint in New York
novel
none

1936
Saint Overboard
novel
The Pirate Saint
The Saint Overboard

1937
The Ace of Knaves
"The Spanish War"
"The Unlicensed Victuallers"
"The Beauty Specialist"
The Saint in Action

1937
Thieves' Picnic
novel
The Saint Bids Diamonds

1938
Prelude for War
novel
The Saint Plays with Fire
The Saint and the Sinners

1938
Follow the Saint
"The Miracle Tea Party"
"The Invisible Millionaire"
"The Affair of Hogsbotham"
none

1939
The Happy Highwayman
"The Man Who was Lucky"
"The Smart Detective"
"The Wicked Cousin"
"The Well-Meaning Mayor"
"The Benevolent Burglary"
"The Star Producers"
"The Charitable Countess"
"The Mug's Game"
"The Man Who Liked Ants"
(some editions omit the stories "The Charitable Countess" and "The Mug's Game"; story order also varies between editions)
none

1940
The Saint in Miami
novel
none

1942
The Saint Goes West
"Arizona"
"Palm Springs"
"Hollywood"
(Some editions omit "Arizona")
none

1942
The Saint Steps In
novel
none

1944
The Saint on Guard
"The Black Market"
"The Sizzling Saboteur"
(Some editions omit the second story, which is often published on its own)
The Saint and the Sizzling Saboteur (single story reprint)

1946
The Saint Sees it Through
novel
none

1948
Call for the Saint
"The King of the Beggars"
"The Masked Angel"
none

1948
Saint Errant
"Judith: The Naughty Niece"
"Iris: The Old Routine"
"Lida: The Foolish Frail"
"Jeannine: The Lovely Sinner"
"Lucia: The Homecoming of Amadeo Urselli"
"Teresa: The Uncertain Widow"
"Luella: The Saint and the Double Badger"
"Emily: The Doodlebug"
"Dawn: The Darker Drink"
none

1953
The Saint in Europe
"Paris: The Covetous Headsman"
"Amsterdam: The Angel's Eye"
"The Rhine: The Rhine Maiden"
"Tirol: The Golden Journey"
"Lucerne: The Loaded Tourist"
"Juan-les-Pins: The Spanish Cow"
"Rome: The Latin Touch"
none

1955
The Saint on the Spanish Main
"Bimini: The Effete Angler"
"Nassau: The Arrow of God"
"Jamaica: The Black Commissar"
"Puerto Rico: The Unkind Philanthropist"
"Virgin Islands: The Old Treasure Story"
"Haiti: The Questing Tycoon"
(some editions contain only 4 stories)
none

1956
The Saint Around the World
"Bermuda: The Patient Playboy"
"England: The Talented Husband"
"France: The Reluctant Nudist"
"Middle East: The Lovelorn Sheik"
"Malaya: The Pluperfect Lady"
"Vancouver: The Sporting Chance"
none

1957
Thanks to the Saint
"The Bunco Artists"
"The Happy Suicide"
"The Good Medicine"
"The Unescapable Word"
"The Perfect Sucker"
"The Careful Terrorist"
none

1958
Señor Saint
"The Pearls of Peace"
"The Revolution Racket"
"The Romantic Matron"
"The Golden Frog"
none

1959
The Saint to the Rescue
"The Ever-Loving Spouse"
"The Fruitful Land"
"The Percentage Player"
"The Water Merchant"
"The Gentle Ladies"
"The Element of Doubt"
none

1962
Trust the Saint
"The Helpful Pirate"
"The Bigger Game"
"The Cleaner Cure"
"The Intemperate Reformer"
"The Uncured Ham"
"The Convenient Monster"
none

1963
The Saint in the Sun
"Cannes: The Better Mousetrap"
"St. Tropez: The Ugly Impresario"
"England: The Prodigal Miser"
"Nassau: The Fast Women"
"Florida: The Jolly Undertaker"
"Lucerne: The Russian Prisoner"
"Provence: The Hopeless Heiress"
none

1964
Vendetta for the Saint
(Harry Harrison, Leslie Charteris)
novel
none

1968
The Saint on TV
(Fleming Lee, John Kruse)
"The Death Game"
"The Power Artist"
(novelisation of TV scripts)
none

1968
The Saint Returns
(Fleming Lee, John Kruse, D.R. Motton, Leigh Vance)
"The Dizzy Daughter"
"The Gadget Lovers"
(novelisation of TV scripts)
none

1968
The Saint and the Fiction Makers
(Fleming Lee, John Kruse)
novelisation of TV script
none

1969
The Saint Abroad
(Fleming Lee, Michael Pertwee)
"The Art Collectors"
"The Persistent Patriots"
(novelisation of TV scripts)
none

1970
The Saint in Pursuit
(Fleming Lee, Leslie Charteris)
novelization of comic strip
none

1971
The Saint and the People Importers
(Fleming Lee, Leslie Charteris)
novelisation of TV script
none

1975
Catch the Saint
(Fleming Lee, Norman Worker)
"The Masterpiece Merchant"
"The Adoring Socialite"
none

1976
The Saint and the Hapsburg Necklace
(Christopher Short)
novel
none

1977
Send for the Saint
(Peter Bloxsom, John Kruse, Donald James)
"The Midas Double"
"The Pawn Gambit"
none

1978
The Saint in Trouble
(Graham Weaver, John Kruse, Terence Feely)
"The Imprudent Professor"
(Return of the Saint episode novelisation)
"The Red Sabbath"
none

1979
The Saint and the Templar Treasure
(Graham Weaver, Donne Avenell)
novel
none

1980
Count on the Saint
(Graham Weaver, Donne Avenell)
"The Pastors' Problem"
"The Unsaintly Santa"
none

1983
Salvage for the Saint
(Peter Bloxsom, John Kruse)
novel
(Return of the Saint episode novelisation)
none

1997
The Saint
(Burl Barer, Jonathan Hensleigh, Wesley Strick)
film novelization
none

1997
Capture the Saint
(Burl Barer)
novel
none

text: Omnibus editions[edit]

text:
Year
First publication title
Stories
From

1939
The First Saint Omnibus
The Man Who was Clever
The Wonderful War
The Story of a Dead Man
The Unblemished Bootlegger
The Appalling Politician
The Million Pound Day
The Death Penalty
The Simon Templar Foundation
The Unfortunate Financier
The Sleepless Knight
The High Fence
The Unlicensed Victuallers
The Affair of Hogsbotham
Enter the Saint
Featuring the Saint
Alias the Saint
The Brighter Buccaneer
The Brighter Buccaneer
The Holy Terror
Once More the Saint
The Misfortunes of Mr Teal
Boodle
Boodle
The Saint Goes On
The Ace of Knaves
Follow the Saint

1952
The Second Saint Omnibus
The Star Producers
The Wicked Cousin
The Man Who Liked Ants
Palm Springs
The Sizzling Saboteur
The Masked Angel
Judith
Jeannine
Teresa
Dawn
The Happy Highwayman
The Happy Highwayman
The Happy Highwayman
The Saint Goes West
The Saint On Guard
Call For The Saint
Saint Errant
Saint Errant
Saint Errant
Saint Errant

text: French adventures[edit]

text: A number of Saint adventures were published in French over a 30-year period, many of which have yet to be published in English. Many of these stories were ghostwritten by Madeleine Michel-Tyl and credited to Charteris (who exercised some editorial control). The French books were generally novelisations of scripts from the radio series, or novels adapted from stories in the American Saint comic strip. One of the writers who worked on the French series, Fleming Lee, later wrote for the English-language books.[6]

text: Unpublished works[edit]

text: Burl Barer's history of The Saint identifies two manuscripts that to date have not been published. The first is a collaboration between Charteris and Fleming Lee called Bet on the Saint that was rejected by Doubleday, the American publishers of the Saint series. Charteris, Barer writes, chose not to submit it to his United Kingdom publishers, Hodder & Stoughton. The rejection of the manuscript by Doubleday meant that The Crime Club's long-standing right of first refusal on any new Saint works was now ended and the manuscript was then submitted to other United States publishers, without success. Barer also tells of a 1979 novel titled The Saint's Lady by a Scottish fan, Joy Martin, which had been written as a present for and as a tribute to Charteris. Charteris was impressed by the manuscript and attempted to get it published, but it too was ultimately rejected. The manuscript, which according to Barer is in the archives of Boston University, features the return of Patricia Holm.

text: According to the Saintly Bible website, at one time Leslie Charteris biographer Ian Dickerson was working on a manuscript (based upon a film story idea by Charteris) for a new novel titled Son of the Saint in which Templar shares an adventure with his son by Patricia Holm. The book has, to date, not been published.[21]

text: In popular culture[edit]

text: In the 2003 BBC documentary series "Heroes and Weapons of World War II" titled "The Man Who Designed the Spitfire" (Episode 2) at approximately 18 minutes in the film an RAF pilot is seen at rest in his dispersal hut with a large 'The Saint' stick man logo on his flying gear (see image at right). He is perhaps showing some personal identification with Simon Templar's own war against Germany in the novella 'Arizona'.[22]


document_title: Vince Carter

question_text: who did vince carter play for last year

question_tokens: who did vince carter play for last year

root

text: Vince Carter

text: High school career and college career[edit]

text: Born in Daytona Beach, Florida, Carter was a 1995 McDonald's All-American at Mainland High School in Daytona Beach, leading Mainland to its first Class 6A state title in 56 years[5] before spending three seasons playing college basketball at North Carolina under Dean Smith and later, Bill Guthridge. During the 1997–1998 season, he was a member of new coach Guthridge's "Six Starters" system that featured Antawn Jamison, Shammond Williams, Ed Cota, Ademola Okulaja, and Makhtar N'Diaye.[6] During his sophomore and junior seasons, Carter helped North Carolina to consecutive ACC Men's Basketball Tournament titles and Final Four appearances. He finished the 1997–98 season with a 15.6 points per game average and was named second-team All-American, First-Team All-ACC, and to the fan's guide third-annual Coaches ACC All-Defensive Team. In May 1998, Carter declared for the 1998 NBA draft, following his classmate Jamison, who had declared earlier that spring.[7] During his NBA career, Carter continued his coursework at North Carolina, and in August 2000, he graduated with a degree in African-American studies.[8]

tag: p

text: On January 31, 2012, Carter was honored as one of the 35 greatest McDonald's All-Americans,[9][10] and on February 23, 2012, President Obama, an avid NCAA and NBA basketball fan, gave praise to Carter at a fundraiser event, referring to Carter's game as a "huge treat for me ever since he's been playing for the Tar Heels."[11][12]

text: Professional career[edit]

text: Toronto Raptors (1998–2004)[edit]

text: The Raptors struggled in their early years as did their expansion cousins, the Vancouver Grizzlies. After the acquisition of Carter through a draft day trade in 1998 however, the team set league attendance records in 2000, 2001, and 2002 and the value of the Raptors franchise doubled during Carter's tenure as a Raptor.[13] Carter was instrumental in leading the Raptors to the playoffs in 2000 for the first time in franchise history. He also led them to a then-franchise high of 47 wins and their first ever playoff series win in 2001, advancing to the Eastern Conference Semifinals.

text: Carter was initially drafted by the NBA's Golden State Warriors with the fifth overall pick, and then traded to the Toronto Raptors for the fourth overall pick, Antawn Jamison, his college teammate and good friend.[14] Carter's rookie season was the shortened 50-game 1999 season, after the NBA locked out its players in 1998–99. Carter started almost every game for coach Butch Carter, averaged 18.3 points per game (ppg), and eventually won the NBA Rookie of the Year Award.[15] The next year, Carter was selected to an All-Star Team for the first time, averaged 25.7 ppg, made the Third Team All-NBA, and showcased his athleticism and dunking abilities in the 2000 NBA Slam Dunk Contest. He won the contest by performing an array of dunks including a 360° windmill, a between the legs bounce dunk, and an "elbow in the rim" dunk (also known as a "cookie jar" dunk or the "honey dip").[14] ESPN referred to the 2000 Slam Dunk Contest as, "one of the most memorable contests in the entire run." Kobe Bryant, who was invited along with Carter, Michael Jordan, Dominique Wilkins, and Julius Erving as judges for the 2007 Slam Dunk Contest, said that among the judges in their prime, Carter would win in a dunk contest.[16]

text: In Carter's first two seasons, he and his distant cousin Tracy McGrady formed a formidable one-two punch as Raptor teammates. The two led the Raptors to their first playoff berth in the 2000 NBA Playoffs, but they were swept in the first round by the New York Knicks, in three games. Upon McGrady's departure to the Orlando Magic as a free agent in a sign and trade deal, Carter became the Raptors' franchise player. Kobe Bryant, whose team won several championships in the decade to follow, believed they could've competed for several championships if they had stayed together.[17]

text: In 2000–01, his third season, Carter averaged a career-high 27.6 ppg, made the Second Team All-NBA, and was voted in as a starter in the 2001 NBA All-Star Game. The Raptors also finished the regular season with a then franchise-record 47 wins. In the playoffs, the Raptors beat the New York Knicks 3–2 in the first round, and advanced to the 2001 Eastern Conference Semifinals to face off against the Philadelphia 76ers. Carter and Allen Iverson played in a seven-game series that see-sawed back and forth. Carter scored 50 points in game three and set an NBA playoff record for most three-point field goals made in one game. On the morning of Game Seven, Carter attended his graduation at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He had completed the requirements for his degree in African-American Studies the previous summer and said he felt receiving his diploma was personally significant.[8] Television ratings for game seven soared as one of the highest watched in NBC's history for a non-finals game. As the Sixers and Raptors increased their double team pressures on Carter and Iverson respectively,[18][19] the game winning shot came down to Carter who missed with 2.0 seconds remaining.[20] "It was incredible. (Carter) had great games at home and I had some great games at home, but both of us were just trying to put our teams on our back and win basketball games. It is great just having those memories and being a part of something like that."[21]

text: In the summer of 2001, Carter signed a $94 million, six-year extension with the Raptors.[22] In addition, Carter announced that he would be hosting a charity basketball game featuring fellow NBA stars that would be played at the Air Canada Centre in Toronto on August 3, 2001. The success of the first game being sold out encouraged Carter to make the charity game an annual summer event.

text: The next season was an injury-riddled one for Carter. He started in 60 games and he averaged 24.7 ppg. He was voted into the 2002 NBA All-Star Game, but he could not participate due to injury. The Raptors did not fare well without their All-Star player. The team lost 17 of 18 games to drop to 30–38, then won 12 of their last 14 to finish at 42–40. On December 12, 2001, in a win against the Denver Nuggets, Carter recorded 42 points, 15 rebounds, 6 assists and 5 steals to become only the second player in NBA history to record at least 40 points, 15 rebounds, 5 assists and 5 steals since the NBA started recording steals.[23][24] Carter was injured during the 2002 NBA Playoffs, and his team was defeated in the first round by the Detroit Pistons, in five games. During the 2003 NBA All-Star Game, Carter gave up his starting All-Star spot to the Washington Wizards' Michael Jordan to allow Jordan to make his final start as an All-Star.[25] During his Raptors tenure, news came out that Carter had developed Sinding-Larsen-Johansson disease also known as "jumper's knee", which drew criticism and questions from local media outlets and fans about Carter's long term durability as a NBA scorer.[26][27]

text: Fifty games into the 2003–04 season, Toronto was 25–25 and in a position to make the playoffs, but injuries to Jalen Rose, Alvin Williams, and Carter sent the Raptors plummeting down the standings, and the Raptors fell three games short of making the playoffs. Carter's individual season performance was 22.5 ppg, with teammate Alvin Williams's knee injury turning out to be career ending.

text: Trade to the Nets[edit]

text: During the 2004 off-season, G.M. Glen Grunwald and the entire coaching staff were fired after falling three games short of the eighth and final playoff spot in the previous season. Carter became frustrated with the Raptors' upper management. In particular, Carter was unhappy with Maple Leaf Sports & Entertainment (MLSE) and Raptors president Richard Peddie.[28][29][30][31] In a private meeting, Peddie reassured Carter that MLSE was serious in building a contender in Toronto and that he would pursue established players like point guard Steve Nash and center Jamaal Magloire. Carter was also given the impression that Peddie would consider Julius Erving as a serious candidate for G.M., thinking he could attract star players to Toronto. Though Julius Erving flew into Toronto for an interview, interim G.M. Jack McCloskey publicly disclosed a week prior that Erving was not really in the mix.[29][30] Peddie instead hired Rob Babcock as G.M. whose first priority in rebuilding the Raptors said was to "establish our philosophy", stating "we are not really worried about how many wins we get right away, or whether we make the playoffs within the first year or two."[32] After hiring Sam Mitchell as new head coach,[33] Babcock's first move was to select Rafael Araujo with the eighth overall pick in the 2004 NBA draft to fill in the center position, while passing on future all star swingman Andre Iguodala. Babcock later signed guard Rafer Alston to a five-year deal.

text: Consequently, much speculation arose whether Carter wanted to be traded. The Toronto Sun reported that Carter felt misled and felt the Raptors would never be an elite team under the current MLSE structure with Peddie as Raptors president.[34] Some NBA fans raised money to fly a "Keep Vince, Trade Peddie" banner over the Air Canada Centre just before Carter's annual charity game.[35] When Rob Babcock was questioned about the trade speculations, he denied Carter asked for a trade but indiscreetly revealed Carter's agent had approached him for a trade request.[36][37] During the 2004–05 season, new head coach Sam Mitchell often benched Carter in the 4th quarter to emphasize the new team philosophy he and Babcock wanted players to adapt to, spurring rumors of fights between Carter and Mitchell and new point guard Rafer Alston.[38][39][40][41] On Dec. 18, 2004, the Raptors dealt Carter to the Nets for Alonzo Mourning, Eric Williams, Aaron Williams and a pair of first-round draft picks. Mourning did not report to Toronto.

text: In his first game back in Toronto, on April 15, 2005, Carter was heavily booed and jeered by Raptors fans; some fans were found burning Vince Carter jerseys, while many donned No. 15 baby bibs, 'FUVC' T-shirts, and other merchandise that labelled Carter as "Wince" or as "immature", alluding to Carter's knee and ankle injuries and his dissent.[42] Much like former Raptors teammate Tracy McGrady, Carter has been booed each time he has returned to Toronto.[43] In early January 2005, when asked by TNT's John Thompson, "Do you think Vince Carter has pushed himself as hard as he should have pushed himself?", Carter replied, "In years past, no. I was just fortunate enough to have the talent. You know, you get spoiled when you're able to do a lot of things and you see that, and you really don't have to work at it. But now, I think with all the injuries and the things that have gone on, I have to work a little harder and I'm a little hungrier."[44] Though Carter's comments were perceived by Raptors fans as his confession of quitting on the Raptors,[45] Thompson said the comments were misinterpreted, saying, "That boy never said to me, 'Coach, I just laid down and quit.' ...I was embarrassed and felt awful about it for his sake, because I knew what he was communicating to me... he was more expressing a desire of wanting to do better, as we all do."[46] Despite Thompson's defense of Carter, the Toronto Star's Dave Feschuk in 2007 wrote that Carter "cheated on (the Raptors). He quit on the floor."[47] Carter later stated his comments were misconstrued. On the eve of the Raptors–Nets playoff series in 2007, Carter told New York's WFAN radio station, "One day, maybe the fans will understand how it all went down. That's all I can say."[47]

text: In November 2011, nearly seven years since the trade to the Nets, Carter, along with his cousin Tracy McGrady and Charles Oakley addressed the Toronto audience in an interview on Off the Record with Michael Landsberg. When asked about being booed in Toronto, Carter said, "They watched myself and Tracy grow up. And when we left they still got to see (us) flourish and become (who we are). For me, I looked at it as, a young child growing up into a grown man and moving on. And I get it. Leaving, hurt a lot of people. It hurt me because I tell you what... I accomplished a lot, I learned a lot, I became the person and player of who I am today because of that experience, through the coaches, players, and everything else. I get it... but regardless I still love the city. I have friends there and my heart is still there because that's where it all started." Later in the interview, when asked about any words to the Toronto fans, Carter said, "I appreciate the fans and whether you cheer for me, boo me, or hate me, I still love you. Toronto's one of the best kept secrets.. puts one of the best products on the floor and one of the top places to play in."[48][49][50][51]

text: On November 6, 2012, in an interview with TSN Radio 1050, Carter reiterated his love for the city and his appreciation for the Toronto Raptors organization.[52][53][54] The next day, Sam Mitchell and Rob Babcock revealed on Sportsnet 590, The Fan that the night before Carter was traded to New Jersey, Carter phoned Mitchell to express his desire to stay in Toronto and commit to their vision for the team. However, Babcock said it was too late and the trade had already been verbally agreed upon. Looking back on it Mitchell feels he should have personally contacted the MLSE chairman, Larry Tanenbaum, but was reluctant because he did not want to break the chain of command.[55][56]

text: Raptors' 20th anniversary[edit]

text: On November 19, 2014, nearly a decade after the trade, as a part of the Raptors' 20th anniversary celebration, the team paid tribute to Carter with a video montage during the first quarter of the Raptors-Grizzlies games. Leading up to the game, questions were raised about how Raptor fans would receive the planned video tribute.[57] As the sellout crowd watched the video tribute featuring highlights of Carter's high-flying Raptors days, what began as the usual booing turned into an overwhelmingly positive standing ovation.[58] An emotional Carter used his warm-up shirt to wipe tears running down his face as he pointed to his heart and waved to the fans in appreciation. He later stated, "It was a great feeling, I couldn't write it any better."[59] Toronto's current players were among those standing for Carter as Kyle Lowry, DeMar DeRozan and Terrence Ross all paid tribute to him.[60][61] Raptors GM Masai Ujiri referred to Carter in April 2014 as "one of the symbols of the Toronto Raptors."[62] To this day, Carter remains the Toronto Raptors' all-time leader in points per game with 23.4, amassing 9,420 points during his  6 1⁄2-year run in Toronto. As a five-time All-Star in Toronto, Carter was also named to two All-NBA teams.[63]

text: New Jersey Nets (2004–2009)[edit]

text: As a Net, Carter produced some of his highest numbers. He scored more than 23.5 ppg and attained career high averages in rebounds per game (5.8) and assists per game (4.7) while missing just 11 games in his four full seasons as a Net. Carter helped lead the New Jersey Nets to three playoff runs and is currently in the top 10 of nineteen different all-time Nets statistical categories, including points, points per game (1st all-time of NBA Nets), defensive rebounds, assists, turnover rate, 3-point field goals, offensive rating, player efficiency rating, and win shares.

text: The 2004–05 season looked gloomy at first for the Nets. Their star Kidd was recovering from his own microfracture surgery and the team got off to a 2–11 start, and even with Jason Kidd returning from injury, the outlook was bleak with Jefferson requiring season ending surgery. However, after the trade, Carter rallied the Nets from more than 10 games out of the playoffs to gain the final seed in the Eastern Conference.

text: In the 2005–06 NBA season, the Carter-Kidd duo co-lead the Nets to 49 wins, an Atlantic Division title, and the number three seed in the playoffs, while averaging 24.2 points, 5.8 rebounds, and 4.3 assists per game. He led the Nets to the second round of the playoffs before losing to the eventual NBA champions Miami Heat in five games. Carter averaged 29.6 points, 7.0 rebounds and 5.3 assists in 11 playoff games. Carter was also named to the All-Star Team in 2006. On November 7, 2005, Carter threw down a very memorable dunk against the Miami Heat, over defensive stalwart, Alonzo Mourning.[64] On December 23, 2005, Carter set an NBA record for the most free throws made in a quarter (4th quarter) with 16 against the Miami Heat. He tied his career high of 51 points in the same game.[65]

text: In the 2006–07 NBA season Carter was named, along with teammate Jason Kidd, as a reserve to the 2007 NBA All-Star Game, after losing out on a starting spot to Gilbert Arenas by 3,010 votes.[66] Both Carter and Kidd made their eighth All-Star game appearance.[67]

text: In a 120–114 overtime win over the Washington Wizards, April 7, 2007, Carter and Jason Kidd became the first teammates in over 18 years to record triple-doubles in the same game since the Chicago Bulls' Michael Jordan and Scottie Pippen achieved this feat against the Los Angeles Clippers in 1989. Carter finished with 46 points, a career-high 16 rebounds, and 10 assists. Kidd finished with 10 points, tied a career-high with 16 rebounds, and tied a season-high with 18 assists.[68]

text: Carter finished the 2006–07 NBA season playing all 82 games, scoring over 24 points with a 21 PER.[69]

text: After the Nets eliminated the Raptors, the Nets were eliminated from the playoffs by LeBron James and the Cleveland Cavaliers (lost series 4–2). During the season, the New York Knicks and Nets had discussed a trade in February around Carter, which was ended with the trading deadline. Shaquille O'Neal when asked which player he would want to play after playing with Kobe and Wade replied, "I'm gonna have to go with Vince Carter. I think he needs a player like me that can get him to the next level. And I can get him to the next level." In the off-season, the two teams again revisited the subject but on July 1, 2007 Carter signed a 4-year, $61.8 million contract with the Nets.[70]

text: For the 2007–08 season, Jason Kidd was traded mid season and Magic Johnson claimed that Carter's game was on the decline due to his bad knees.[71] In a 2008 ESPN special later that year, Carter was named behind Dominique Wilkins, Julius Erving, and Michael Jordan as being one of the 'greatest dunkers of all time.' In it, Reggie Miller noted "Carter is probably the greatest dunker in the NBA I have ever seen." ESPN's Chris Broussard did a follow up piece in 2011 and called Vince Carter as the greatest in-game dunker of all time in the NBA.

text: Carter ended up finishing strong in 2008 with a season average of at least 21 points, 6 rebounds and 5 assists a game, a season accomplishment unique to him, Kobe Bryant, and LeBron James[72] He also led the Nets in freethrow percentage, assists and steals per game (81.6%, 5.1, 1.2).[73] Rod Thorn credited Carter for becoming a leader since the All-Star break.[74]

text: For the 2008–09 season, the Nets decided to rebuild and Carter was voted team captain to help mentor the young players.[75] Coach Lawrence Frank commented that Carter had "served the term 'captain' very honorably. Coming with a team that has veterans from other teams, some young guys coming straight from school, a couple of 20-year-olds and one 21-year-old. Showing them how you handle every day and the professionalism you approach your job [with], his disposition, his character. Plus, he's played at a very high level. He's accepted different roles on the team, at different times, to let other guys thrive and play at a high level, and yet has shown that he still is one of the elite players in the league." Two such players Carter helped mentor were Devin Harris and Brook Lopez. Brook Lopez finished 3rd in Rookie of the Year and Devin Harris made his 1st All-Star team and finished 2nd for the NBA Most Improved Player award.[76] In a game against the Toronto Raptors on November 21, 2008, Carter scored 12 points in 44 seconds, including a game-tying 3-pointer to force overtime and a game winning two-handed reverse alley-oop dunk to lead the Nets from an 18-point deficit to defeat the Raptors 129–127. Carter finished the game with 39 points, 9 rebounds and 6 assists.[77]

text: Orlando Magic (2009–2010)[edit]

text: On June 25, 2009, the day of the NBA Draft, Carter was traded to his hometown-team, the Orlando Magic with Ryan Anderson for Rafer Alston, Tony Battie and future teammate Courtney Lee; the Magic were searching for a go-to scorer who could take pressure off Dwight Howard.[78] The Nets without Carter ended the season with a record of 12–70.[79]

text: Carter made his season debut with the Magic on October 28, 2009 against the Philadelphia 76ers at home, recording 15 points and 2 assists to help the Magic defeat the Sixers.[80] On February 8, 2010, Carter scored a season-high 48 points in a 123–117 win against the New Orleans Hornets, including 34 points in the second half to help rally the Magic back from a 17-point deficit. The Orlando Magic finished 59–23, the second best record in the Eastern Conference, and won the Southeast Division.[81]

text: Carter helped lead the Magic to the 2010 NBA Playoffs, sweeping the Charlotte Bobcats and the Atlanta Hawks in the first two rounds, before falling to the Boston Celtics in Eastern Conference Finals in 6 games. This marked the first time Carter made it to the Conference Finals.[82] During the 2010–2011 season with the Magic, he averaged 15.1 ppg, 4.1 rpg, and 2.9 apg in 30.2 mpg. He played 22 games with the Magic that season.

text: Phoenix Suns (2010–2011)[edit]

text: On December 18, 2010, Carter was traded to the Phoenix Suns along with Marcin Gortat, Mickaël Piétrus, a 2011 first-round draft pick, and $3 million, for Hedo Türkoğlu, Jason Richardson, and Earl Clark.[83] When asked how he felt about being traded from Orlando, Carter replied, "They gave me an opportunity to play at home and they felt it was time to go in a different direction. You can't be mad about that. They've given me an opportunity to play somewhere else and still chase that dream.[84] He changed his jersey number to 25 from 15 because his teammate Robin Lopez was using 15.

text: On January 16, 2011, Carter scored his 20,000th point, becoming only the 37th NBA player to reach that plateau.[85] Although the back-court pairing of Carter and Steve Nash was successful together, the Suns ultimately missed the playoffs as they were in midst of a rebuilding phase.

text: Prior to the 2011–12 season, the Suns declined their option on the final year of his contract, making him a free agent.[86]

text: Dallas Mavericks (2011–2014)[edit]

text: On December 12, 2011, Carter agreed to sign a three-year deal with the defending-champion Dallas Mavericks, with one year guaranteed.[87] This move reunited Carter with former Nets teammate Jason Kidd. He continued to wear number 25 in Dallas as his original number 15 was already retired for Brad Davis. On April 20, 2012, In a game against the Golden State Warriors, Carter became the eighteenth player in NBA history with 1,500 3-pointers.[88]

text: The Mavericks exercised their option for a second year on July 1, 2012.[89][90] On February 13, 2013, Carter surpassed Larry Bird on the NBA's career scoring list after scoring his 6th three-pointer of the night. Carter scored 17 of his 26 points in the 3rd quarter with 5 out of 7 three-pointers made. Carter also became the 11th player in NBA history with at least 1,600 3 pointers made.[91] On February 22, 2013, Carter surpassed Gary Payton on the NBA's career scoring list after hitting a game winning three against the New Orleans Hornets.[92] On April 15, 2013, Carter surpassed Clyde Drexler on the NBA's career scoring list. He only needed 4 points to pass Drexler as he went on to score 22 points in a losing effort against the Memphis Grizzlies.[93] Carter finished the season tying his career high of 162 three-pointers made in a season which he first did in the 2000–01 season.[94]

text: On December 23, 2013, in a win against the Houston Rockets, Carter became the 10th player in NBA history to make 1700 career 3-pointers.[95] On January 10, 2014, in a win against the New Orleans Pelicans, Carter surpassed Dale Ellis on career 3-pointers made.[96] On March 2, 2014, in a loss against the San Antonio Spurs, Carter surpassed Peja Stojaković on career 3-pointers made.[97] On March 16, 2014, Carter became the 27th player in NBA history to score 23,000 points after making a 3-pointer in the 3rd quarter against the Oklahoma City Thunder.[98] On March 19, 2014, Carter passed Rashard Lewis to reach 7th place all time on the NBA's career 3-pointers made.[99] On April 7, 2014, Carter surpassed Elgin Baylor on the NBA's career scoring list.[100] On April 12, 2014, Carter surpassed Adrian Dantley on the NBA's career scoring list.[101]

text: On April 26, 2014, Carter hit the game-winning three pointer as time expired to give Dallas a 109-108 win in game 3 of their round 1 playoff match up against the San Antonio Spurs. The Mavericks took the lead in the series 2-1.[102] The Mavericks went on to lose the series in 7 games to the eventual 2014 champion Spurs.[103]

text: Memphis Grizzlies (2014–2017)[edit]

text: On July 12, 2014, Carter signed a multi-year deal with the Memphis Grizzlies.[104] On November 13, 2014, he made a game winning alley-oop assist from the sideline to teammate Courtney Lee at the buzzer to win the game 111–110 over the Sacramento Kings.[105] On December 13, in a game against the Philadelphia 76ers, Carter connected on two three-pointers to pass Chauncey Billups for sixth place on the NBA's all-time list of three-pointers made (1,831).[106] Four days later, he scored a season-high 18 points in a 117–116 triple overtime win over the San Antonio Spurs, passing Robert Parish in the process for 25th all-time on the NBA scoring list.[107][108]

text: Carter appeared in just one of the Grizzlies' first 12 games of the 2015–16 season before scoring six points on consecutive three-pointers in 17 minutes of action against the Houston Rockets on November 20.[109] In his fourth game of the season on November 24, Carter moved to 31st place on the NBA's all-time games played list, passing Steve Nash.[110] On November 27, he scored 14 points in 22 minutes of action, including a 65-foot three-pointer from beyond midcourt to end the first quarter, in a loss to the Atlanta Hawks.[111] On February 19, 2016, he scored 15 points in 26 minutes of action, including a 73-foot heave as the third quarter closed, in a 109–104 win over the Minnesota Timberwolves.[112] On February 24, with nine points scored against the Los Angeles Lakers, Carter passed Charles Barkley (23,757) for 24th in career points scored.[113] Two days later, he scored a season-high 19 points in a 112–95 win over the Lakers.[114] Towards the end of the regular season, injuries to Marc Gasol, Mike Conley, Zach Randolph, Tony Allen and other reserves increased Carter's playing time from 14 to 20 minutes per game. A depleted roster led to Carter starting in the final three games of the season, having previously not made a start all season long. The Grizzlies subsequently lost 10 of their final 11 games to stumble into the playoffs as the seventh seed with a 42–40 record.[115] In the first round of the playoffs, the Grizzlies faced the second-seeded San Antonio Spurs, and in a Game 1 loss on April 17, Carter scored a team-high 16 points in 19 minutes as a starter.[116] The Grizzlies went on to lose the series in four games; Carter started all four contests. After finishing second behind Tim Duncan in the 2014–15 season, Carter was awarded with the Twyman–Stokes Teammate of the Year Award for the 2015–16 season.[117]

text: On October 30, 2016, Carter scored 18 points on 5-of-6 three-pointers in a 112–103 overtime win over the Washington Wizards.[118] On November 1, Carter played in his 1,278th NBA game, tying him with A. C. Green for 25th on the NBA's career list. He also became the 24th player in NBA history to surpass 24,000 career points.[119] On November 8, he scored 20 points against the Denver Nuggets and became the oldest player in the NBA to post a 20-point game since Michael Jordan scored 25 for the Washington Wizards in April 2003, at age 40.[120] It was also Carter's first 20-point game since April 30, 2014.[121] On November 12, Carter made seven field goals against the Milwaukee Bucks to pass Gary Payton (8,708) for 21st in NBA history.[122] Carter also passed Charles Oakley for 24th on the NBA's career games played list with 1,283.[123] On November 14, in a win over the Utah Jazz, Carter had his second 20-point game of the season, joining Michael Jordan and Patrick Ewing as the only players in NBA history to put up 20 points and 5+ rebounds off the bench at the age of 39,[124][125] with Carter being the oldest at 39 years and 287 days.[126] Carter missed seven games in early December with a right hip flexor strain.[127] On January 11, 2017, Carter hit his 1,989th career three-pointer to move ahead of Jason Kidd and into fifth on the all-time list.[128] On February 1, 2017, in a game against the Denver Nuggets, Carter hit his 2000th career three-pointer, making him only the fifth player to ever reach that mark.[129] On February 6, 2017 against San Antonio, Carter joined Karl Malone, Dikembe Mutombo, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Robert Parish as the only 40-year old players to record at least four blocks in a game.[130] On February 15, in a game against the New Orleans Pelicans, Carter passed Allen Iverson for 23rd on the NBA all-time scoring list.[131] On March 13, 2017, Carter made his first start of the season and made all eight of his shots, including six from beyond the arc, to score a season-high 24 points and lead the Grizzlies past the Milwaukee Bucks 113–93.[132] He became the first 40-year-old in NBA history to hit six triples in one game.[133] At 40 years, 46 days old, Carter also became the oldest player to start an NBA game since Juwan Howard in April 2013.[132] On March 29, 2017 against Indiana, Carter passed Ray Allen for 22nd on the NBA all-time scoring list.[134] In the Grizzlies' regular-season finale on April 12 against Dallas, Carter played in his 1,347th game and passed Kobe Bryant for 13th in regular-season games played.[135] On April 22, 2017, Carter became the first 40-year old to hit at least three 3-pointers in a playoff game during Game 4 of their first-round series against the San Antonio Spurs. He finished the game with 13 points.[136]

text: Sacramento Kings (2017–present)[edit]

text: On July 10, 2017, Carter signed a one-year, $8 million contract with the Sacramento Kings.[137][138] On August 18, 2017, during the Players Voice Awards, Carter was named by the NBA Players Association as the Most Influential Veteran.[139]

text: National team career[edit]

text: During the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, Carter performed a memorable dunk when he jumped over 7-foot-2-inch (2.18 m) French center Frédéric Weis. Teammate Jason Kidd said it was "One of the best plays I've ever seen." The French media later dubbed it "le dunk de la mort" ("the Dunk of Death").[140] The U.S. team went on to win the gold medal that year and Carter led the team with 14.8 points per game. Carter admitted he channeled his frustrations in his personal life and Tracy McGrady leaving the Raptors before the Olympics.[141]

text: Carter replaced Kobe Bryant on the USA roster for the 2003 FIBA Americas Tournament while Bryant was undergoing surgeries on his knee and shoulder. He wore Bryant's jersey number 8. Carter's selection was only for the 2003 FIBA Americas Tournament.[142] However, Bryant later on withdrew due to a legal case he was going through at that time. Carter did not take over the Olympic spot as he felt he needed to take some time off during the summer to rest and heal and he was also getting married at that time.[143]

text: Awards and achievements[edit]

text:
8× NBA All-Star selection: 2000–07 (did not play in 2002 due to injury)
Olympic gold medal: 2000
2× All-NBA:

Second Team: 2001
Third Team: 2000

NBA Slam Dunk Champion: 2000
NBA All-Rookie First Team: 1999
NBA Rookie of the Year Award: 1999
The Sporting News NBA Rookie of the Year: 1999[144]
Twyman–Stokes Teammate of the Year Award: 2016

tag: ul

text:
Most three-point field goals made in one half: 8 (May 11, 2001 vs. Philadelphia 76ers, Eastern Conference Semifinals)
Most consecutive three-point field goals made in one game: 8 (same game as above)
Most consecutive three-point field goals made in one half: 8 (same game as above)[145]
First 40-year old player to hit at least three 3-pointers in a playoff game: 3 (April 22, 2017 vs. San Antonio Spurs, Western Conference 1st round)[146]

text:
Most three-point field goals made in one game: 9 (December 11, 2006 vs. Memphis Grizzlies)
Most points scored in one season: 2,070 (2006–07)
Most consecutive 20 or more point games: 23 (2005–06)
He is the first Net to score at least 2,000 points in a single season. (2006–07)[147]

text:
Points: 51 (2 times)
Field goals made: 20 vs. Milwaukee 01/14/2000
Field goals attempted: 36 at Philadelphia 01/21/2001
Three point field goals made: 9 vs. Memphis 12/11/2006
Three point field goals attempted: 20 vs. Memphis 12/11/2006
Free throws made: 23 at Miami 12/23/2005
Free throws attempted: 27 at Phoenix 12/30/2000
Offensive rebounds: 8 vs. Chicago 11/05/2005
Defensive rebounds: 13 (2 times)
Total rebounds: 16 vs. Washington 04/07/2007
Assists: 14 at Milwaukee 01/09/2009
Steals: 6 (3 times)
Blocks: 6 vs. Chicago 03/28/1999
Minutes played: 63 vs. Sacramento 02/23/01[148]

text: Video game, TV and film appearances[edit]

text:
Appeared on the cover of NBA Live 2004.[149]
Appeared on the cover of NBA Inside Drive 2002.[150]
Appeared in the 2002 film Like Mike, where the fictional Los Angeles Knights had to beat Carter and the Toronto Raptors in order to gain the 8th seed in the playoffs.
Appeared in Fabolous' 2002 music video for "This Is My Party", and Glenn Lewis' 2003 music video for "Back for More".
Appeared in the TV Series Moesha as himself in the episode Mis-Directed Study in 1999.[151]
A 60-minute Vince Carter documentary entitled The Carter Effect by Sean Menard will play in the 2017 Toronto International Film Festival about Carter's impact in the Canadian basketball scene.[152][153]

text: Personal life[edit]

text: Carter has donated to his high school, Mainland, as well as the foundation he established upon being drafted into the NBA in 1998, The Embassy of Hope.[154] On February 3, 2007, a statue of Carter was unveiled at Mainland.[155]

text: Carter visited with the Duquesne University basketball team in Pittsburgh as a show of support after its shooting incident in September 2006.[156]

text: He is a member of the Omega Psi Phi fraternity.[157]

text: Carter married Ellen Rucker, a chiropractor, in July 2004; the couple divorced in 2006. They have one daughter, Kai Michelle Carter.[158] born on June 1, 2005.[citation needed]

text: While with the Nets, Carter lived in Saddle River, New Jersey on the same street as Jason Kidd, and the two played ping pong and went bowling together.[159]

text: In January 2010, he opened a restaurant, Vince Carter's, in Daytona, Florida, which closed in 2016.[160]

text: Throughout his career, Carter has been known for not only his dunks and scoring acumen, but for his celebrations and emotion. He celebrated explosive dunks with his patented "Crank it up" celebration, which is expressed by rolling his wrists as if revving the engine of a motorcycle.[161] As his dunks became more scarce later in his career, the move has served as a tongue in cheek rallying cry, as he and other infrequently dunking players "crank it up" after routine dunks.[162]

text: NBA career statistics[edit]

text:
Legend

  GP
Games played
  GS
Games started
 MPG
Minutes per game

 FG%
Field goal percentage
 3P%
3-point field goal percentage
 FT%
Free throw percentage

 RPG
Rebounds per game
 APG
Assists per game
 SPG
Steals per game

 BPG
Blocks per game
 PPG
Points per game
 Bold
Career high

tag: table

text: Regular season[edit]

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

1998–99
Toronto
50
49
35.2
.450
.288
.761
5.7
3.0
1.1
1.5
18.3

1999–00
Toronto
82
82
38.1
.465
.403
.791
5.8
3.9
1.3
1.1
25.7

2000–01
Toronto
75
75
39.7
.460
.408
.765
5.5
3.9
1.5
1.1
27.6

2001–02
Toronto
60
60
39.8
.428
.387
.798
5.2
4.0
1.6
.7
24.7

2002–03
Toronto
43
42
34.2
.467
.344
.806
4.4
3.3
1.1
1.0
20.6

2003–04
Toronto
73
73
38.2
.417
.383
.806
4.8
4.8
1.2
.9
22.5

2004–05
Toronto
20
20
30.4
.411
.322
.694
3.3
3.1
1.3
.8
15.9

2004–05
New Jersey
57
56
38.9
.462
.425
.817
5.9
4.7
1.5
.6
27.5

2005–06
New Jersey
79
79
36.8
.430
.341
.799
5.8
4.3
1.2
.7
24.2

2006–07
New Jersey
82
82
38.1
.454
.357
.802
6.0
4.8
1.0
.4
25.2

2007–08
New Jersey
76
72
38.9
.456
.359
.816
6.0
5.1
1.2
.4
21.3

2008–09
New Jersey
80
80
36.8
.437
.385
.817
5.1
4.7
1.0
.5
20.8

2009–10
Orlando
75
74
30.8
.428
.367
.840
3.9
3.1
.7
.2
16.6

2010–11
Orlando
22
22
30.2
.470
.346
.747
4.1
2.9
.9
.1
15.1

2010–11
Phoenix
51
41
27.2
.422
.366
.735
3.6
1.6
.9
.3
13.5

2011–12
Dallas
61
40
25.3
.411
.361
.826
3.4
2.3
.9
.4
10.1

2012–13
Dallas
81
3
25.8
.435
.406
.816
4.1
2.4
.9
.5
13.4

2013–14
Dallas
81
0
24.4
.407
.394
.821
3.5
2.6
.8
.4
11.9

2014–15
Memphis
66
1
16.5
.333
.297
.789
2.0
1.2
.7
.2
5.8

2015–16
Memphis
60
3
16.8
.388
.349
.833
2.4
.9
.6
.3
6.6

2016–17
Memphis
73
15
24.6
.394
.378
.765
3.1
1.8
.8
.5
8.0

Career
1,347
969
32.0
.438
.374
.799
4.6
3.3
1.1
.6
18.2

All-Star
7
5
18.0
.477
.375
.600
2.6
1.9
.9
.1
10.1

text: Playoffs[edit]

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
MPG
FG%
3P%
FT%
RPG
APG
SPG
BPG
PPG

2000
Toronto
3
3
39.7
.300
.100
.871
6.0
6.3
1.0
1.3
19.3

2001
Toronto
12
12
44.9
.436
.410
.784
6.5
4.7
1.7
1.7
27.3

2005
New Jersey
4
4
44.8
.365
.316
.861
8.5
5.8
2.3
.0
26.8

2006
New Jersey
11
11
40.9
.463
.241
.796
7.0
5.3
1.8
.5
29.6

2007
New Jersey
12
12
40.6
.396
.389
.693
6.8
5.3
.9
.6
22.3

2010
Orlando
14
14
34.4
.402
.235
.826
4.2
2.3
.9
.2
15.5

2012
Dallas
4
0
26.8
.293
.300
.750
5.5
.3
1.2
.5
8.3

2014
Dallas
7
0
27.1
.456
.484
.786
3.6
2.4
.4
.3
12.6

2015
Memphis
11
0
17.8
.403
.250
.889
4.3
1.0
.6
.2
6.3

2016
Memphis
4
4
22.8
.455
.700
1.000
3.8
1.3
.5
.3
11.3

2017
Memphis
6
6
32.5
.476
.400
1.000
3.3
1.5
.3
.0
9.2

Career
88
66
34.5
.416
.338
.796
5.4
3.4
1.1
.5
18.1


document_title: Jackson Park (Chicago)

question_text: what happened to the chicago world's fair buildings

question_tokens: what happened to the chicago world 's fair buildings

text: Jackson Park (Chicago)

text: Site of a World's Fair[edit]

text: After the state legislature created the South Park Commission in 1869, the designers of New York's Central Park, Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux, were hired to lay out the 1,055-acre (4.27 km2) park (which included the Midway Plaisance and Washington Park). Lois Willie explained in her book Forever Open, Clear, and Free, "Olmstead said Jackson Park should be water oriented, with a yacht harbor, winding walkways around the lagoons, small bridges, bathing pavilions, and plenty of space for boating."[1] However, their designs were not put into place at that time, and Jackson Park remained untouched until Chicago was chosen to host the World's Fair several years later.[2] One of the landmarks that recalls the 1893 Columbian Exposition is the Statue of The Republic, only it is now a replica one-third the size of the original The Republic statue. The designers used the Statue of Liberty as inspiration when they were creating the original. Today the 1/3 size statue of The Republic stands at the site of the 1893 Expositions Administration Building.[3]

text: Known originally as "South Park", the landscape had eastern and western divisions connected by a grand boulevard named the Midway Plaisance. The eastern division became known as "Lake Park"; however, in 1880 the commission asked the public to suggest official names for both the eastern and western divisions. The names "Jackson" and "Washington" were proposed. In the following year, Lake Park was renamed "Jackson Park" to honor Andrew Jackson (1767–1845), the seventh president of the United States.

text: In 1890, Chicago won the honor of hosting the World's Columbian Exposition. In 1891, Jackson Park was selected as its site.[2] Olmsted and Chicago's architect and planner, Daniel H. Burnham, with his partner John Wellborn Root, laid out the fairgrounds. A team of architects and sculptors created the "White City" of plaster buildings and artworks in Beaux-Arts style.[2] The historic World's Fair opened to visitors on May 1, 1893. It was Root's last project, as he caught pneumonia and died in January 1891, two years before the fair's opening. After the fair closed, the site was transformed back into parkland, as the fair buildings were not designed to be permanent structures.[4] Jackson Park featured the first public golf course west of the Alleghenies, which opened in 1899.[5]

text: Intervening years[edit]

text: Most of the park burned to the ground after the fair closed. A headline from January 9. 1894 read "THE WHITE CITY IN FLAMES; FIRE DESTROYS THE FAIREST OF THE BEAUTIFUL BUILDINGS".[6] The Palace of Fine Arts decayed after the fair until it was reopened as the Museum of Science and Industry in 1933. Sears, Roebuck & Company president Julius Rosenwald donated the initial investment.[7] During World War II, vandals severely damaged the Japanese Garden. The Chicago Park District waited for decades before considering repairing it. Eventually, the city of Osaka donated money for the refurbishment.

text: During the Cold War, part of Jackson Park contained a Nike Surface-to-Air Missile site and the nearby "Point" was used as its radar station.[8]

text: In the 1950s, Jackson Park's Wooded Island was almost leased to the Army to become the location of an anti-aircraft installation, but was strongly protested against, as the Park District had given the Army other location options and Jackson Park's Wooded Island was spared.[9]

text: In 1965 the people of South Chicago were growing tired of the traffic jams on Lake Shore Drive, so the city made plans to widen the road, straighten its curves and run it straight through Jackson Park. Women and children then conducted protests and rallies around tree stumps. The efforts eventually brought results and the city halted roadwork after it had already gone halfway through the park.[9]

text: In 1972 Jackson Park was placed on the National Register of Historic Places.[10]

text: The park today[edit]

text: While a comfort station and the North Pond Bridge, both of which date from the 1880s, are still in use, every structure built for World's Columbian Exposition was long ago destroyed by fire, demolished or moved elsewhere, except for the old Palace of Fine Arts, now the Museum of Science and Industry, the only fireproof building at the fair, which fell into disrepair and was rehabilitated with a $5 million grant in 1930 from Julius Rosenwald (President of Sears, Roebuck and Co.). The only other relic from the fair still in the same location is the "Garden of the Phoenix", a Japanese strolling garden that was formerly known as the "Osaka Garden". It was reconstructed on its original site on the Wooded Island after being vandalized during World War II. (By itself, the Wooded Island is considered one of "150 great places in Illinois" by the American Institute of Architects.[11])

text: The only other significant building that survived the fair is the Norway Pavilion, a building now preserved at a museum called "Little Norway" in Blue Mounds, Wisconsin. "The Viking," a replica of the ancient Viking ship The Gokstad, built at Framnes Shipyard in Sandefjord, Norway in 1892 and sailed across the Atlantic to the fair in 1893, is currently located at Good Templar Park in Geneva, Illinois.

text: The full-scale replica of Columbus's flagship the Santa María rotted in the Jackson Park Yacht Basin (along Promontory Drive) near La Rabida. In May 1952, what was left of the rotting hulk was dismantled and dredged out of the Yacht Basin.

text: The Art Institute of Chicago also occupies a building originally constructed for the Exposition, with the intent of housing the museum upon closing of the fair; this Exposition building is the only one not located in Jackson Park. Girders from fair structures were reused in the construction of Dunns Bridge and the Sugar Creek Chapel Bridge.

text: During the summer season for the Chicago Park District (Memorial Day weekend through Labor Day weekend), the 63rd Street beach and the adjacent Lake Michigan is a destination for beachgoers. The Beach House competes with the South Shore Cultural Center and Promontory Point as South Side beachfront special-use facilities in the Park District. The park also hosts the Chicago Landmark 63rd Street Bathing Pavilion, the 18-hole Jackson Park Golf Course, two walking trails, as well as two basketball courts.[12]

text: The Lakeside Lawn Bowling Club and the Chicago Croquet Club share two natural grass courts just off Lakeshore Drive and Science Avenue, to the south of the Museum of Science and Industry.

text: The Jackson Park Golf Course, which opened in 1900, was the first public golf course in the Midwest. It was free until 1920, and in 1925 it was named the world's busiest golf course.[13]

text: Jackson Park is connected by the Midway Plaisance to Washington Park (see Encyclopedia of Chicago Map). In accordance with a canal that Olmsted wanted built between the two parks, a long excavation was made on the Midway, but water has never been allowed in. It is connected to Grant Park by Burnham Park.

text: Jackson Park is home to over two dozen species of birds, including a well-studied population of feral monk parakeets, descendants of pet birds that escaped in the 1960s.[14]

text: As a result of both a steady decline in the surrounding neighborhood as well as the closing of the lagoons' connection to the 59th Street inner harbor, the lagoons deteriorated. In recent years, the state and city have spent millions of dollars to revitalize the lagoons and Garden of the Phoenix, and to restore the lagoons to their original grandeur. With the recent revitalization projects and the decision by the Illinois Department of Natural Resources to stock them with fish, the lagoons have become a very popular local fishing spot.[15]

text: Jackson Park is utilized in many ways. It has 542.89 acres of land, and on that land there's a gymnasium with three multipurpose rooms and a fitness center. Some of Jackson Park's green features consist of a vegetable garden and a flower garden. There are also seasonal sports available, arts and crafts, tennis lessons, piano lessons, after school programs, summer day camps, and holiday themed events.[16]

text: Jackson Park Highlands is a City of Chicago landmarked neighborhood abutting Jackson Park. The names of over 75 well-known architects can be found on most of the one-of-a-kind homes. It received its name from a low ridge that once existed south of the present-day park.

text: Chicago Lakefront Trail[edit]

text: The Chicago Lakefront Trail (abbreviated as LFT) is an 18-mile multi-use path in Chicago, Illinois along the shore of Lake Michigan. It is popular with cyclists and joggers. From north to south, it runs through Lincoln Park, Grant Park, Burnham Park and Jackson Park. (Chicago Park District Lakefront Trail Map)

text: Garden of the Phoenix[edit]

text: History[edit]

text: Jackson Park's Japanese gardens were originally created during the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition, with a garden and a Japanese Ho-O Den (Phoenix Temple) for the government of Japan as a pavilion for the exposition.[17] The pavilion was based on the Ho-o-Do (Phoenix Hall) of the Byodo-in Temple in Kyoto. The phoenix emblem was a reference to Chicago rising like the mythical firebird from the ashes of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871. After the 1893 Fair, most of the Fair structures were burned or torn down, but the garden and the Ho-O Den Pavilion remained intact.

text: In 1933 the government of Japan constructed a traditional tea house at the Century of Progress World's Fair and also created a garden on Wooded Island's northeast side and refurbished the Ho-O Den.[18] After WWII the pavilion and tea house were destroyed by fire and the garden was abandoned. After the city of Osaka became Chicago's sister city, one the goals of the Sister Cities program became to revive the Japanese Garden in Jackson Park. With the collective efforts of the City of Osaka and the Chicago Park District, the gardens were restored and named "Osaka Garden" in 1993 in honor of that city's help and friendship.[15][19]

text: The gardens were renamed Garden of the Phoenix in 2013.[18]

text: Features[edit]

text: There is a koi pond within the garden. The garden in itself is very peaceful, and the simplicity of the pond and the large fish swimming calmly inside provides a serene atmosphere. The stones within the park carry an old legend which says they are laid in a zigzag because evil spirits can only move in a straight line, so if you cross the stones, any evil spirits will just fall into the water.

text: The Kasuga Lantern is one of the lamps that survived from 1893. It takes its name from the Kasuga Shrine in Nara, Japan. The deer panel is one of the four traditional symbols, the others were a stag, the sun, and the moon, most of which are damaged.

text: The garden holds American plantings, but it also holds unique Japanese plants, usually found only in Japan. The theme of the garden, from 1893 to the present, is peace. It holds a harmony of the peace and balance possible between countries and cultures, between nature and city. Its wandering, stone pathways are designed to encourage a sense of peace around and within its visitors. The garden is meant to resemble natural scenery but at a small scale, with representation of mountains, islands and lakes. The garden is intended to provide a tranquil space for meditation.[20]

text: Site for Barack Obama Presidential Library[edit]

text: In 2014, Jackson Park came under scrutiny as a member of the short list of potential sites for the Barack Obama Presidential Library. Sonya Malunda from the office of civic engagement of the University of Chicago requested a meeting with Louise Mccurry, president of the Jackson Park Advisory Council, to talk about the library.[21] On July 27, 2016, President Barack Obama officially selected the park to be the location where his presidential library would be built.[22] The library will be designed by the New York–based firm Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects[23] and is slated to open in 2021.[24]

text: In an unveiling of the presidential library's plans on May 4, 2017, the presidential library compound is revealed to incorporate the Jackson Park end of Midway Plaisance from the north (which is to be readapted into a water basin), and a parcel of parkland and the park hockey fields to the south, where the main buildings will be predominantly located.[25] As part of a wider plan to reclaim parkland and improve park safety, the project also necessitates the closure of South Cornell Drive between 60th and 67th Streets, a 6-lane park thoroughfare that runs along the western park lagoon and golf course from Midway Plaisance to South Shore.[25]

text: Rehabilitation[edit]

text: A non-profit organization called Project 120 began collaborating with the Chicago Park District in 2012 to restore Jackson Park to designer Frederick Law Olmsted's vision. The group's plans include improving the park's green space, creating a music pavilion, and creating a great lawn for park-goers to use for leisure activities. In October 2016 Yoko Ono unveiled a permanent artwork called Skylanding on the Wooded Island; it is Ono's first permanent art installation in the United States.[26] Ono said she was inspired during a visit to the Garden of the Phoenix in 2013 and that she feels a connection to the city of Chicago.[27]

text: Jackson Park has a number of volunteers who help maintain the park,[28] but Project 120 aims to go beyond cleanup and plant maintenance. At a cost of about $8.1 million,[29] habitat restoration on Jackson Park's Wooded Island began in 2015 and will continue until 2019.[30] Restoration will take five years to complete and another 25 years reach ecological maturity. The restoration is being done as part of the Army Corps of Engineers Great Lakes Fishery & Ecosystem Restoration (GLFER) program.[31] Improving the park's green space and enhancing its wildlife are meant to improve the appearance and popularity of a park that has been in decline. Some aspects of the restoration, especially plans for a music pavilion, have generated controversy.[32][33]