document_title: Lego Minifigures (theme)

question_text: how often do lego minifigures series come out

text: Lego Minifigures (theme)

text: Details[edit]

text: The series consists of a number of individually themed collectible Lego minifigures based on movies, sports, history, and popular culture.[1] The figures are sold individually in sealed, unmarked packages, giving customers a random chance at obtaining any particular figurine. While considered a novel approach by some, it has raised controversy amongst enthusiasts and collectors, increasing the amount of difficulty in obtaining a complete collection[citation needed]. Purchases from many retailers make no guarantees regarding the contents of a particular package. Despite attempts to obfuscate the contents of these packages, the bags of Series 1 and 2 have a second figurine-specific bar code on the rear of the packaging, next to the EAN/UPC product bar code (which is unique to each series). This has allowed customers to identify individual figures within the packaging, significantly decreasing the amount of money and effort required to obtain a complete collection, and eliminates the possibility of unintentionally receiving duplicates.[2] There are also apps for both iPhone and Android devices that utilize these bar codes.[3]

text: Lego has eliminated the figurine-specific bar codes on all Series 3 and 4 packages and replaced them with a braille-like system of dots embossed in the lower seal of the bag. In theory, this will allow customers to continue identifying the figure enclosed within.[4][5] Later series do not have any markings to indicate their contents.

text: On average a new series has been released every four months. Release dates sometimes vary between countries.

text: Sets[edit]

text: Series 1[edit]

text: Series 1 (set number: 8683) was first released on March 5, 2010 in the United Kingdom and was released on June 4, 2010 in the United States. The first series consists the following units:[6]

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Tribal Hunter

Bow and arrow

2
Cheerleader

Pom-pom (2)

3
Caveman

Club

4
Circus Clown

Bicycle horn

5
Zombie

Chicken leg
Shovel

6
Skater

Skateboard

7
Robot

8
Demolition Dummy

Wrench
License plate

9
Magician

Wand

10
Super Wrestler

11
Nurse

Clipboard
Needle

12
Ninja

Katana

13
Spaceman

Raygun

14
Forestman

Bow and arrow

Modeled after Robin Hood

15
Deep Sea Diver

16
Cowboy

Revolver (2)

text: Series 2[edit]

text: Series 2 (set number: 8684) was first released on September 2, 2010 in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The second series consists of the following units:[7]

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Maraca Man

Maraca (2)

2
Spartan Warrior

Spear
Shield

3
Ringmaster

Whip

4
Witch

Broom

5
Vampire

Bat

6
Traffic Cop

Ticket
Handcuffs

7
Explorer

Binoculars
Magnifying glass

8
Lifeguard

Rescue buoy

9
Mime

Comes with 2 other heads for different expressions

10
Weight Lifter

Dumbbell

11
Pop Star

Microphone

12
Skier

Ski (2)
Ski pole (2)

13
Disco Dude

Record disc case

14
Karate Master

Trophy

15
Surfer

Surfboard

16
Pharaoh

Staff

text: Series 3[edit]

text: Series 3 (set number: 8803) was first released on January 14, 2011 in both the United Kingdom and the United States. The third series consists of the following units:[8]

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Fisherman

Fishing rod
Fish

2
Pilot

3
Tribal Chief

Spear

4
Samurai Warrior

Katana

5
Snowboarder

Snowboard

6
Space Villain

Raygun

7
Sumo Wrestler

Trophy

8
Mummy

Scorpion

9
Elf

Longbow
Shield

10
Tennis Player

Tennis racket

11
Race Car Driver

12
Gorilla Suit Guy

Banana

A Minifigure in a gorilla suit

13
Space Alien

Raygun

14
Hula Dancer

Maraca (2)

15
Rapper

Boombox
Microphone

16
Baseball Player

Baseball bat

text: Series 4[edit]

text: Series 4 (set number: 8804) was first released on April 1, 2011 all around the world. The fourth series consists of the following units:[9]

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Lawn Gnome

Fishing rod

2
Kimono Girl

Hand fan

3
Musketeer

Rapier

4
Punk Rocker

Electric guitar

5
Surfer Girl

Surfboard

6
Viking

Battle axe
Shield

7
The Monster

Modeled after Frankenstein's monster

8
Hockey Player

Hockey stick
Hockey puck

9
Street Skater

Skateboard

10
Sailor

Telescope

11
Soccer Player

Trophy

12
Werewolf

Bone

13
Hazmat Guy

Spray gun

14
Artist

Paintbrush
Palette

15
Ice Skater

16
Crazy Scientist

Flask

text: Series 5[edit]

text: Series 5 (set number: 8805) was first released on August 22, 2011 in the United Kingdom and the United States. The fifth series consists of the following units:[10]

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Graduate

Diploma

2
Gladiator

Sword
Shield

3
Royal Guard

Rifle

4
Eskimo

Fishing rod
Fish

5
Cave Woman

Club

6
Lizard Man

A Minifigure in a lizard suit

7
Zookeeper

Chimpanzee
Banana

8
Lumberjack

Axe

9
Small Clown

Cream pie

10
Fitness Instructor

Boombox

11
Detective

Magnifying glass

Modeled after Sherlock Holmes

12
Evil Dwarf

Battle axe
Shield

13
Boxer

14
Egyptian Queen

Snake

Modeled based on Cleopatra VII

15
Gangster

Revolver
Violin case

16
Snowboarder Guy

Snowboard

text: Series 6[edit]

text: Series 6 (set number: 8827) was released in the UK in December 2011 and was released on January 9, 2012 in the US. The sixth series consists of the following units:[11]

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Classic Alien

Raygun

2
Highland Battler

Sword
Shield

3
Sleepyhead

Teddy bear

4
Lady Liberty

Torch
Tabula ansata

5
Bandit

Revolver (2)

6
Flamenco Dancer

Hand fan

7
Clockwork Robot

8
Minotaur

Battle axe

9
Leprechaun

Pot of gold

10
Roman Soldier

Spear
Shield

11
Surgeon

X-ray
Needle

12
Skater Girl

Skateboard

13
Intergalactic Girl

Raygun

14
Butcher

T-bone steak
Cleaver

15
Mechanic

Wrench
Toolbox

16
Genie

Magic lamp

text: Series 7[edit]

text: Series 7 (set number: 8831) was released in the spring of 2012. The seventh series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Swimming Champion

2
Aztec Warrior

Spear
Shield

3
Bunny Suit Guy

Carrot

A Minifigure in a rabbit suit

4
Bride

Flowers

5
Ocean King

Trident

6
Bagpiper

Bagpipes

7
Daredevil

8
Galaxy Patrol

Pistol

9
Tennis Ace

Tennis racket

10
Jungle Boy

Chimpanzee
Knife

Modeled after Tarzan

11
Hippie

Flowers

12
Computer Programmer

Laptop
Mug

13
Viking Woman

Sword
Shield

14
Evil Knight

Sword
Shield

15
Rocker Girl

Electric guitar

16
Grandma Visitor

Basket

Modeled after Little Red Riding Hood

text: Series 8[edit]

text: Series 8 (set number: 8833) was released in September, 2012. This series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Evil Robot

Raygun

2
Conquistador

Rapier

3
Lederhosen Guy

Pretzel

4
Cowgirl

Lasso

5
Football Player

Trophy

6
Diver

Speargun

7
Downhill Skier

Ski (2)
Ski pole (2)

8
Businessman

Briefcase
Newspaper

9
Fairy

Wand

10
Santa Claus

Sack

11
Vampire Bat

12
DJ

Record disc
Record disc case

13
Red Cheerleader

Pom-pom (2)

14
Thespian

Skull

15
Pirate Captain

Cutlass

16
Alien Villainess

Raygun

text: Team GB Olympic Series[edit]

text:
To commemorate the London Olympic games, an exclusive series of minifigures was released exclusively in the United Kingdom to mark the opening of the Olympics.
This series (set number: 8909) was released in July, 2012. This series consists of the following 9 units (rather than the typical 16):

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Agile Archer

Bow and arrow

2
Brawny Boxer

3
Flexible Gymnast

Balance beam

4
Judo Fighter

5
Tactical Tennis Player

Tennis racket

6
Wondrous Weightlifter

Barbell

7
Relay Runner

Baton

8
Stealth Swimmer

9
Horseback Rider

text: Series 9[edit]

text: Series 9 (set number: 71000) was released in late October 2012 in the UK and January 2013 in the US. This series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Waiter

Tray
Bottle

2
Cyclops

Club

3
Hollywood Starlet

Trophy

Modeled after Marilyn Monroe

4
Heroic Knight

Sword
Shield

5
Roman Emperor

Letter

Modeled after Julius Caesar

6
Policeman

Handcuffs
Warrant card

7
Chicken Suit Guy

8
Roller Derby Girl

9
Fortune Teller

Cards (2)

10
Judge

Gavel

11
Alien Avenger

Pistol

12
Mermaid

Starfish

13
Battle Mech

14
Mr. Good and Evil

Flask

Modeled after Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde

15
Forest Maiden

Longbow
Shield

Modeled after Maid Marian

16
Plumber

Plunger

text: Series 10[edit]

text: Series 10 (set number: 71001) was released in the UK on February 6, 2013 & in the US on May 1, 2013. This series introduces 17 figures one being a limited Gold Figure of only 5000 worldwide. This series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Librarian

Book
Mug

2
Medusa

3
Roman Commander

Sword

4
Warrior Woman

Spear
Shield

5
Tomahawk Warrior

Tomahawk

6
Skydiver

7
Bumblebee Girl

Honeypot

A Minifigure in a bumblebee suit

8
Grandfather

Mug
Newspaper

9
Paintball Player

Paintball marker

10
Sea Captain

Gull
Binoculars

11
Sad Clown

12
Revolutionary Soldier

Flintlock musket

13
Baseball Fielder

14
Trendsetter

Chihuahua
Smartphone

15
Decorator

Paint roller
Bucket

16
Motorcycle Mechanic

Wrench

Mr. Gold

Staff

Limited edition

text: Character Encyclopedia[edit]

text: There is also an exclusive Minifigure that comes with the Lego Minifigures Character Encyclopedia:

text: Toy Soldier (Flintlock rifle as accessory)

text: Series 11[edit]

text: Series 11 (set number: 71002) was released in the UK on June 30, 2013 and the US on September 1, 2013. This series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Barbarian

Swords (2)

2
Scarecrow

Pitchfork

Comes with a crow that attaches to hat

3
Pretzel Girl

Pretzel

4
Evil Mech

Raygun

5
Island Warrior

Spear

6
Gingerbread Man

Mug

7
Holiday Elf

Present
Teddy Bear

8
Yeti

Ice pop

9
Mountain Climber

Rope
Pickaxe

10
Welder

Blowtorch with propane

11
Scientist

Flasks (2)

12
Saxophone Player

Saxophone

13
Diner Waitress

Cup of ice cream
Tray

14
Grandma

Basket
Cat

15
Constable

Baton

16
Lady Robot

text: The LEGO Movie Series[edit]

text: The LEGO Movie Series (set number: 71004) was released in January 2014 and includes characters from The LEGO Movie. This series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Calamity Drone

Flintlock rifle

2
President Business

Mug

3
Hard Hat Emmet

Instruction manual

4
Wild West Wyldstyle

Hand fan

5
Abraham Lincoln

Manuscript of the Gettysburg Address

6
Mrs. Scratchen-Post

Cat

7
Bad Cop/Good Cop

Handcuffs
Smartphone

Scribble-Face version

8
William Shakespeare

Script

9
Gail the Construction Worker

Jackhammer

10
Larry the Barista

Paper cup

11
Velma Staplebot

Clipboard

12
Taco Tuesday Guy

Plate of food

13
"Where are my Pants?" Guy

Pants

14
Wiley Fusebot

Revolver
Dynamite

15
Panda Guy

Teddy bear

A Minifigure in a panda suit

16
Marsha: Queen of the Mermaids

Clam
Gemstone

text: The LEGO Simpsons Series[edit]

text: The LEGO Simpsons Series (set number: 71005) was released in May 2014 and includes characters from The Simpsons. This series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Homer Simpson

Remote control
Doughnut

2
Bart Simpson

Skateboard

3
Marge Simpson

Bag
Magazine

4
Lisa Simpson

Saxophone

5
Maggie Simpson

Teddy bear

6
Grandpa Simpson

Newspaper

7
Ned Flanders

Toolbox
Mug

8
Krusty the Clown

Cream pie

9
Milhouse Van Houten

Comic book

10
Ralph Wiggum

Valentine card

11
Apu

Paper cup

12
Nelson Muntz

Baseball bat

13
Itchy

Club

14
Scratchy

Axe

15
Chief Wiggum

Baton
Speakerphone

16
Mr. Burns

Fishbowl
Radioactive material

Blinky the Three-Eyed Fish printed on fishbowl

text: Series 12[edit]

text: Series 12 (set number: 71007) was released in mid-August in the UK and September 2014 in the USA. This series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Wizard

Wand

Modeled after Merlin

2
Hun Warrior

Sword
Shield

3
Fairytale Princess

Frog

4
Video Game Guy

Game controller

5
Battle Goddess

Spear
Shield

6
Space Miner

Drill

7
Life Guard

Binoculars
Rescue buoy

8
Prospector

Pickaxe

9
Jester

Playing cards (2)

10
Dino Tracker

Compound bow
Needle

11
Pizza Delivery Man

Pizza box
Pizza

12
Rock Star

Electric guitar

13
Swashbuckler

Rapier

14
Piggy Guy

Apple

A Minifigure in a pig suit

15
Genie Girl

Magic lamp

16
Spooky Girl

Teddy bear

text: Series 13[edit]

text: Series 13 (set number: 71008) was released in the UK in early December 2014 and the US around Christmas 2014.

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Classic King

Sword

2
Sheriff

Revolver
Wanted poster

3
Unicorn Girl

A Minifigure in a unicorn suit

4
Snake Charmer

Cobra
Bansuri

5
Goblin

Sword
Sack

6
Paleontologist

Bone
Fossil

7
Alien Trooper

Raygun

8
Egyptian Warrior

Sword
Shield

9
Carpenter

Plank
Saw

10
Evil Wizard

Scepter

Modeled after Ming the Merciless

11
Fencer

Épée

12
Samurai

Katanas (2)

13
Disco Diva

Microphone

14
Hot Dog Guy

A Minifigure dressed as a hot dog

15
Lady Cyclops

Club

16
Galaxy Trooper

Pistols (2)

text: The Lego Simpsons Series 2[edit]

text: The LEGO Simpsons Series 2 (set number: 71009) was released in the UK & the US in April 2015 and includes characters from The Simpsons and is a continuation to the LEGO Simpsons series 1.

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Date Night Homer

Heart-shaped box

2
Date Night Marge

Flowers
Handbag

3
Lisa and Snowball ll

Snowball ll

4
Maggie and Santa's Little Helper

Santa's Little Helper

5
Bartman

Slingshot

6
Fallout Boy Milhouse

Soda can (Buzz Cola)

7
Comic Book Guy

Comic book
Slushie (Squishee)

8
Martin Prince

Book

9
Professor Frink

Flask

10
Hans Moleman

Void driver's license

11
Selma

Eye chart

12
Patty

Purse

13
Groundskeeper Willie

Plunger

14
Edna Krabappel

Mug
Picture frame with Photo

15
Waylon Smithers

Box of a doll (Malibu Stacy)

16
Dr. Hibbert

X-ray

text: Series 14[edit]

text: Series 14 (set number: 71010) was released in early August 2015 for the UK and mid-August for the USA. This series has a Halloween theme. This series consists of the following units:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Wolf Guy

Bone

Shapeshifted version of the Lumberjack (series 5)

2
Zombie Pirate

Sword

3
Monster Scientist

Flask

4
Wacky Witch

Broom
Cat

5
Plant Monster

Vines (2)

6
Fly Monster

7
Specter

Chain

8
Zombie Cheerleader

Pom-poms (2)

9
Tiger Woman

Whip

A Minifigure in a tiger suit

10
Gargoyle

11
Skeleton Guy

Jack-o'-lantern bucket

A Minifigure in a Halloween skeleton costume

12
Monster Rocker

Electric guitar

A rock music version of Frankenstein's monster

13
Zombie Businessman

Briefcase
Newspaper

14
Banshee

15
Square Foot

Camera

16
Spider Lady

Spider

text: Series 15[edit]

text: Series 15 (set number: 71011) was released in the UK on December 5, 2015 and in the US on February 1, 2016. The figures is this series consists of:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Farmer

Pig
Pitchfork

2
Astronaut

Flag

3
Frightening Knight

Morning star
Shield

4
Clumsy Guy

Crutches (2)

5
Tribal Woman

Baby wrapped in cloth

Modeled after Sacagawea

6
Flying Warrior

Spear

7
Faun

Flute

8
Animal Control

Net
Skunk

9
Janitor

Mop

10
Ballerina

11
Laser Mech

Laser beam

12
Kendo Fighter

Swords (2)

13
Shark Suit Guy

A Minifigure in a shark suit

14
Wrestling Champion

Trophy

Modeled after The Ultimate Warrior

15
Jewel Thief

Jewel
Grappling gun

16
Queen

text: The LEGO Disney Minifigure Series[edit]

text: The LEGO Disney Minifigure Series (set number: 71012) was released 1 May 2016. The figures is this series consists of:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Stitch

2
Pizza Planet Alien

3
Buzz Lightyear

4
Aladdin

Magic lamp

5
Genie

Magic lamp

6
Maleficent

Staff

7
Alice

Bottle
Cookie

8
Cheshire Cat

9
Daisy Duck

10
Donald Duck

11
Minnie Mouse

12
Mickey Mouse

13
Mr. Incredible

Poster

14
Syndrome

Blueprint

15
Peter Pan

Knives (2)

16
Captain Hook

Rapier

17
Ursula

Trident

18
Ariel

Clam with gemstone

text: DFB Series[edit]

text: The DFB German Football Team Series (set number: 71014) was released in May 2016 in Germany, Austria and Switzerland as well as LEGO stores across Europe. The figures in this series consists of:

text:
Jersey #
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Manuel Neuer

Football

2
Shkodran Mustafi

Football

3
Mesut Özil

Football

4
Benedikt Höwedes

Football

5
Mats Hummels

Football

6
Sami Khedira

Football

7
Bastian Schweinsteiger

Football

8
André Schürrle

Football

9
Thomas Müller

Football

10
Jérôme Boateng

Football

11
Toni Kroos

Football

12
Mario Götze

Football

13
Christoph Kramer

Football

14
Marco Reus

Football

15
Max Kruse

Football

16
Joachim Löw

Coaching board

Team manager

text: Series 16[edit]

text: Series 16 (set number: 71013) was released on 1 September 2016 all around the world. The figures in this series are:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Ice Queen

Ice shards (2)

2
Desert Warrior

Scimitar

3
Cyborg

Blaster

4
Cute Little Devil

Jack-o'-lantern bucket
Trident

A Minifigure in a devil suit

5
Spooky Boy

Book
Spider

6
Hiker

Compass
Map

7
Wildlife Photographer

Camera
Penguin

8
Kickboxer

9
Scallywag Pirate

Cutlass
Map

10
Penguin Boy

A Minifigure in a penguin suit

11
Rogue

Bow and arrow

12
Dog Show Winner

Dog
Trophy

13
Mariachi

Guitar

14
Spy

Pistol
Rope

15
Banana Guy

A Minifigure in a banana suit

16
Babysitter

Baby
Baby bottle

text: The LEGO Batman Movie Series[edit]

text: The LEGO Batman Movie Minifigure Series (set number:71017) was released on 1 January 2017. It consists of 20 characters instead of the usual 16:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Lobster-Lovin' Batman

Plate with a lobster

2
Glam Metal Batman

Electric guitar

3
Fairy Batman

Wand

4
Clan of the Cave Batman

Club

5
Vacation Batman

6
Barbara Gordon

Handcuffs

7
Commissioner Gordon

Walkie-talkie
Wanted poster

8
The Joker – Arkham Asylum

Handcuffs

9
Dick Grayson

Shark repellent

10
Pink Power Batgirl

Batarang

11
Red Hood

Guns (2)

12
The Eraser

Notebook

13
Nurse Harley Quinn

Clipboard

14
Orca

15
Zodiac Master

Crab
Fish

16
Catman

Claws (2)

17
March Harriet

Thompson submachine gun

18
The Calculator

19
King Tut

Snake
Staff

20
The Mime

Lightning bolts (2)

text: Series 17[edit]

text: Series 17 (set number: 71018) was released on 1 May 2017 all around the world. The figures in this series are:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Pro Surfer

Surfboard

2
Strongman

Dumbbell

3
Gourmet Chef

Pie
Whisk

4
Corn Cob Guy

A Minifigure dressed as a corn cob

5
Veterinarian

Rabbit

6
Hot dog Vendor

Hot dog
Cup with straw
Tray

7
Butterfly Girl

Flowers

8
Roman Gladiator

Trident

9
Connoisseur

Baguette
French Bulldog

10
Battle Dwarf

Battle axe
War mallet

11
Retro Space Hero

Raygun

12
Yuppie

Mobile phone

13
Rocket Boy

Flag

A Minifigure dressed as a rocket

14
Dance Instructor

Water bottle

15
Elf Maiden

Sword
Shield

16
Highwayman

Flintlock pistols (2)

Identified as "The Mystery Man" on packaging

text: The Lego Ninjago Movie Series[edit]

text: The Lego Ninjago Movie series was released around the world on August 1, 2017. The figures in the series are as follows:

text:
#
Minifigure
Accessories
Info

1
Kai Kendo

Poles (2)

Comes with additional hair piece

2
Spinjitzu Training Nya

Katanas (2)

3
Lloyd

Blueprint
Sword

Comes with additional hair piece.
Green ninja version

4
Master Wu

Corn flakes box

5
Garmadon

Staff

6
Jay Walker

Monopod

7
Lloyd Garmadon

Bowl
Spoon

8
Cole

Boombox

9
Misako

Purse

Also known as Koko

10
Zane

11
Shark Army General #1

Slushee cup with straw

12
Shark Army Octopus

Blaster
Fish

13
Shark Army Angler

Morning star with fish shaft

14
Shark Army Great White

Fish flamethrower

15
Flashback Garmadon

Camera
Poster

16
Volcano Garmadon

Bowl
Spoon

17
Gong & Guitar Rocker

Electric guitar

18
GPL Tech

Laptop
Mug

19
Sushi Chef

Cleaver
Sushi

20
N-POP Girl

Teddy bear

text: Online Games[edit]

text:
Series
Games

Series 1
Track Crasher

Brick Builder

Target Zapper

Street Skater

Dance Master

Series 2
Sea Retriever

Disco Dance Challenge

Karate Champion

Spartan Thrower

Puzzle Hunter

Series 3
Space Trap

Fish Catcher

Sports Mania

Series 4
Brick Builder 2

Fish Catcher

Hockey Player

Series 5
Mountain Ride

Tree Challenge

Series 6
Sleep Roar: Sleepyhead, Minotaur

Space Bricker Race: Intergalactic Girl

Robo Flamenco: Robot, Flamenco Dancer

Surge for Gold: Surgeon, Leprechaun

Series 7
Rock & Blocks

Carrot Rain

Viking Flames

Danger Waters

Series 8
Treasure's Island

Brick's Yards

Fairy In The Sky

DJ Plastic

Series 9
Serving Stars: Hollywood Starlet, Waiter

Mer with Mer: Ocean King, Mermaid

Mech to Peck: Battle Mech, Chicken Suit Guy

Police Trend: Policeman, Trend Setter

Series 10
Mr. Gold

text: LEGO Minifigures Online[edit]

text: On August 29, 2013, Funcom officially announced an massively multiplayer online game based on the Minifigures theme, in which there are several worlds the player can travel to and fight enemies, as well as dungeons based on the setting. The game uses traditional click-to-move mechanics, allowing younger users to jump into the action. However, for advanced users, there are special abilities activated using the number pad. It is going to be free-to-play, but you can unlock Minifigures by purchasing one and entering a code, however they can also be obtained in-game. It was released in late 2014 for iOS, Android, and PC as either a download client or in-browser on the LEGO website.[12]

text: Funcom announced that LEGO Minifigures Online will be closing on September 30, 2016. Starting June 6, 2016, new players will be unable to join the game and the in-game chat will be disabled. Existing players will still be able to play up until September 30, 2016.[13]


document_title: White Russian (cocktail)

question_text: what's the difference between a black russian and a white russian

question_tokens: what 's the difference between a black russian and a white russian

root

text: White Russian (cocktail)

text: History[edit]

text: The traditional cocktail known as a Black Russian, which first appeared in 1949, becomes a White Russian with the addition of cream. Neither drink is Russian in origin, but both are so named due to vodka being the primary ingredient. It is unclear which drink preceded the other.[1][2]

tag: p

text: The Oxford English Dictionary[3] refers to the first mention of the word "White Russian" in the sense of a cocktail as appearing in California's Oakland Tribune on November 21, 1965.[4] It was placed in the newspaper as an insert: "White Russian. 1 oz. each Southern, vodka, cream",[5] with "Southern" referring to Coffee Southern, a short-lived brand of coffee liqueur by Southern Comfort.[6]

text: Though long regarded as a boring and unsophisticated drink[by whom?], the White Russian saw a surge in popularity after the 1998 release of the film The Big Lebowski, throughout which it appears as the protagonist's beverage of choice.[7] Literary critic Craig Owens has examined the drink's role in the film, observing that its name and casual preparation reflect what he saw as the protagonist's New Left politics and "castrated masculinity".[8][9]

text: Preparation[edit]

text: As with all cocktails, various modes of preparation exist, varying according to the recipes and styles of particular bars or mixologists. Most common varieties have adjusted amounts of vodka or coffee liqueur, or mixed brands of coffee liqueur. Shaking the cream in order to thicken it prior to pouring it over the drink is also common. Sometimes the drink is prepared on the stove with hot coffee for a warm treat on cold days.

text: Variations[edit]

text: Many variants of the cocktail exist, both localised and widely known, such as a Blind Russian (which substitutes the cream with Baileys Irish Cream), a Mudslide (a Blind Russian with added cream), White Canadian (made with goat's milk), an Anna Kournikova (named after the tennis player, made with skimmed milk, i.e. a "skinny, low-fat" White Russian), a White Cuban (made with rum instead of vodka), or a Dirty Russian (made with chocolate milk instead of cream).[10][11]


document_title: Over-the-line

question_text: where was the over the line softball developed

text: Over-the-line

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

tag: table

text: Over-the-line is a bat-and-ball sport, a game related to baseball and softball. Like those games, you have the batter, pitcher, and fielders. Because a game requires only three people per team, it is considerably easier to get a good informal game going. Equipment consists of a rope (or lines marked in the sand), an "official" softball bat and a rubber softball. No ball gloves are allowed except in women's games, however golf gloves may be used when batting. Game play, however, is very different.

text: The name "over-the-line" is a registered trademark of the Old Mission Beach Athletic Club (OMBAC) of San Diego, California, which organizes an annual tournament that is one of the city's largest summer social events. It is also known as OTL (also trademarked by OMBAC).[1] OMBAC allows other organizations to license the trademark for their own events for a nominal fee.

text: An over-the-line court is normally made up on a beach and comprises a triangle and an open ended rectangle marked by ropes or lines in the sand. The base ("The Line") of the triangle is 55 feet (17 m) long, and the distance from the line to the opposite point ("Home") is also 55 feet (17 m). The rectangle is composed of two parallel ropes or lines that extend out indefinitely away from home starting from the two ends of The Line and at a right angle to The Line. The area between the parallel ropes and over The Line is fair territory. Everything other than the triangle and fair territory is foul territory.

text: Unlike in softball, the batter and pitcher are on the same team. The batter stands at Home. The pitcher stands anywhere in front of The Line, not in the triangle. Fielders (the other team) stand behind The Line, in fair territory. The objective for the batter is get a hit which is to hit the ball into fair territory without a fielder catching it. A hit may also be made when the fielder who catches the ball crosses over the line (or the line's extension) or drops the ball in either fair or foul territory. No bases are physically run, however.

text: An out is made if (a) the ball is hit into your triangle, (b) a batter gets a strike (swings and completely misses), (c) the defenders catch the ball without crossing over The Line or its extensions, (d) a batter has two fouls (a foul is a ball that lands in foul territory, a pitch taken at or a balk), (e) a player bats out of order or (f) either the pitcher or batter touch but do not catch a struck ball (if the pitcher or batter catch it there is a no pitch). Unlike baseball and softball, where the foul lines are in fair territory, the ropes are in foul territory. Three outs end the half-inning, as in regular baseball and softball.

text: The scoring system is as follows:

text:
The third hit in an inning scores one run and each subsequent hit scores another run and
A home run (a ball that lands past the Fielder furthest from The Line, not over, just needs to be past) without it being touched by a Fielder scores a run and the unscored hits that preceded it. The hits are then reset to zero.

tag: ol

text: Annual tournament[edit]

text: Over-the-line was first played in Mission Beach, San Diego, California in the 1950s[2] and continues to thrive in the area. It is seen largely as a novelty game in the inland counties (and, debatably, the beach counties as well), but still persists as a physical education activity at local high schools, and most visibly in the practice of an annual tournament held on Fiesta Island. By far the locale's most notorious activity, the annual "OMBAC World Championship Over The Line Tournament", organized by Old Mission Beach Athletic Club, is a prominent event in San Diego's beach sports life. The tournament has a history of adult themed team names, often with variations of the sport's equipment — namely bats and balls — that are seen as explicit enough to discourage most youth attendance. Over the years, the tournament gained a reputation for its hedonistic and sexual overtones. To help emphasize the sport rather than the spectacle, OMBAC has made strides to cut back on these and some of the tournament's other, more offensive, elements. The tournament is much more than "beer, babes, and bats on the beach."

text: The annual World Championships now gathers more than 1200 teams from all over the world. They compete in many different divisions. The divisions are separated by age and gender. Players from 18 to 80 years of age are participating. There are men's and women's teams and the sport is taken very seriously by the players. In 1977 players got gray hairs because of the stress There is even an OTL Players Association that was established to help further the sport and hosts several additional tournaments per year.

text: The tournament has gained a negative stigma by many who have never attended. As the population that began the event continues to age (the tournament began in 1954), the game garners increasing acceptance from the San Diego populace and governing bodies. Because of the sport and the party atmosphere this event fosters, OMBAC once again welcomed about 60,000 spectators over the two July weekends it was held in 2011.


document_title: Saturday Night Live cast members

question_text: actor who was part of cast of snl

question_tokens: actor who was part of cast of snl

text: Saturday Night Live cast members

text: List of all cast members[edit]

text: As of September 2017, the show has featured 148 cast members. The list below includes both repertory and featured players, but omits SNL writers and others who were not listed as cast members during the show's credits. The dates given are those of the years they were part of the cast. The chart also shows whether the cast member has served as a guest host, appeared as the anchorperson of the "Weekend Update" segment (by any of its titles), or has been the subject of their own "Best of" home video collection. Many of the cast members were writers as well.

text:
Performer
Years active
No. of seasons
Repertory player
Featured player only
"Weekend Update" anchor
Hosted
Best of...
Writer

Fred Armisen
2002–2013
11
Y

Y

Dan Aykroyd
1975–1979
4
Y

Y
Y
Y
Y

Peter Aykroyd
1979–1980
1

Y

Y

Morwenna Banks
1995
1
Y

Vanessa Bayer
2010–2017
7
Y

Jim Belushi
1983–1985
2
Y

Y

John Belushi
1975–1979
4
Y

Y
Y

Beck Bennett
2013–present
5
Y

Jim Breuer
1995–1998
3
Y

Paul Brittain
2010–2012
2

Y

A. Whitney Brown
1986–1991
6

Y

Y

Aidy Bryant
2012–present
6
Y

Beth Cahill
1991–1992
1

Y

Dana Carvey
1986–1993
7
Y

Y
Y

Chevy Chase
1975–1976
2
Y

Y
Y
Y
Y

Michael Che
2014–present
4
Y

Y

Y

Ellen Cleghorne
1991–1995
4
Y

George Coe
1975
1
Y

Billy Crystal
1984–1985
1
Y

Y
Y

Y

Jane Curtin
1975–1980
5
Y

Y

Joan Cusack
1985–1986
1
Y

Pete Davidson
2014–present
4
Y

Tom Davis
1977–1980
4

Y

Y

Mikey Day
2016–present
2

Y

Denny Dillon
1980–1981
1
Y

Jim Downey
1979–1980
1

Y

Y

Robert Downey, Jr.
1985–1986
1
Y

Y

Brian Doyle-Murray
1979–1980
1981–1982
2
Y

Y

Y

Rachel Dratch
1999–2006
7
Y

Robin Duke
1981–1984
4
Y

Y

Nora Dunn
1985–1990
5
Y

Christine Ebersole
1981–1982
1
Y

Y

Dean Edwards
2001–2003
2

Y

Abby Elliott
2008–2012
4
Y

Chris Elliott
1994–1995
1
Y

Jimmy Fallon
1998–2004
6
Y

Y
Y
Y

Siobhan Fallon
1991–1992
1

Y

Chris Farley
1990–1995
5
Y

Y
Y

Will Ferrell
1995–2002
7
Y

Y
Y

Tina Fey
2000–2006
6
Y

Y
Y

Y

Will Forte
2002–2010
8
Y

Al Franken
1977–1980
1985–1986
1987–1995
12

Y

Y

Heidi Gardner
2017–present
1

Y

Janeane Garofalo
1994–1995
1
Y

Ana Gasteyer
1996–2002
6
Y

Gilbert Gottfried
1980–1981
1
Y

Mary Gross
1981–1985
4
Y

Y

Y

Christopher Guest
1984–1985
1
Y

Y

Y

Bill Hader
2005–2013
8
Y

Y

Anthony Michael Hall
1985–1986
1
Y

Brad Hall
1982–1984
2
Y

Y

Rich Hall
1984–1985
1
Y

Y

Darrell Hammond
1995–2009
14
Y

Y

Phil Hartman
1986–1994
8
Y

Y
Y
Y

Jan Hooks
1986–1991
5
Y

Yvonne Hudson
1980–1981
1

Y

Melanie Hutsell
1991–1994
3
Y

Victoria Jackson
1986–1992
6
Y

Leslie Jones
2014–present
4
Y

Y

Colin Jost
2014–present
5
Y

Y

Y

Chris Kattan
1996–2003
8
Y

Y

Tim Kazurinsky
1981–1984
4
Y

Y

Laura Kightlinger
1994–1995
1

Y

Y

Taran Killam
2010–2016
6
Y

David Koechner
1995–1996
1
Y

Gary Kroeger
1982–1985
3
Y

Matthew Laurance
1980–1981
1

Y

Julia Louis-Dreyfus
1982–1985
3
Y

Y

Jon Lovitz
1985–1990
5
Y

Y
Y

Norm Macdonald
1993–1998
5
Y

Y
Y

Y

Gail Matthius
1980–1981
1
Y

Y

Michael McKean
1994–1995
2
Y

Y

Mark McKinney
1995–1997
3
Y

Kate McKinnon
2012–present
7
Y

Tim Meadows
1991–2000
10
Y

Y
Y

Laurie Metcalf
1981
1

Y

Seth Meyers
2001–2014
13
Y

Y

Y

John Milhiser
2013–2014
1

Y

Dennis Miller
1985–1991
6
Y

Y

Y

Jerry Minor
2000–2001
1

Y

Y

Finesse Mitchell
2003–2006
3
Y

Alex Moffat
2016–present
2

Y

Jay Mohr
1993–1995
2

Y

Y

Kyle Mooney
2013–present
5
Y

Tracy Morgan
1996–2003
7
Y

Y
Y

Garrett Morris
1975–1980
5
Y

Y

Bobby Moynihan
2008–2017
9
Y

Eddie Murphy
1980–1984
4
Y

Y
Y
Y

Bill Murray
1977–1980
4
Y

Y
Y

Y

Mike Myers
1989–1995
7
Y

Y
Y
Y

Kevin Nealon
1986–1995
9
Y

Y

Y

Laraine Newman
1975–1980
5
Y

Don Novello
1979–1980
1985–1986
2

Y

Y

Y

Luke Null
2017-present
1

Y

Mike O'Brien
2013–2014
1

Y

Y

Michael O'Donoghue
1975–1978
3
Y

Y

Cheri Oteri
1995–2000
5
Y

Y

Chris Parnell
1998–2001
2002–2006
8
Y

Nasim Pedrad
2009–2014
5
Y

Jay Pharoah
2010–2016
6
Y

Joe Piscopo
1980–1984
4
Y

Y

Amy Poehler
2001–2008
8
Y

Y
Y
Y

Emily Prager
1981
1

Y

Randy Quaid
1985–1986
1
Y

Colin Quinn
1995–2000
5
Y

Y

Y

Gilda Radner
1975–1980
5
Y

Y

Chris Redd
2017-present
1

Y

Jeff Richards
2001–2004
3
Y

Rob Riggle
2004–2005
1

Y

Ann Risley
1980–1981
1
Y

Tim Robinson
2012–2013
1

Y

Y

Chris Rock
1990–1993
3
Y

Y
Y

Charles Rocket
1980–1981
1
Y

Y

Tony Rosato
1981–1982
2
Y

Y

Jon Rudnitsky
2015–2016
1

Y

Maya Rudolph
2000–2007
7
Y

Y

Andy Samberg
2005–2012
7
Y

Y

Y

Adam Sandler
1991–1995
5
Y

Y
Y

Horatio Sanz
1998–2006
8
Y

Y

Tom Schiller
1979–1980
1

Y

Y

Rob Schneider
1990–1994
4
Y

Y

Paul Shaffer
1979–1980
1

Y

Y

Molly Shannon
1995–2001
7
Y

Y
Y

Harry Shearer
1979–1980
1984–1985
2
Y

Y

Martin Short
1984–1985
1
Y

Y

Y

Sarah Silverman
1993–1994
1

Y

Y

Y

Jenny Slate
2009–2010
1

Y

Robert Smigel
1991–1993
2

Y

Y

David Spade
1990–1996
6
Y

Y
Y
Y

Pamela Stephenson
1984–1985
1
Y

Ben Stiller
1989
1

Y

Y

Cecily Strong
2012–present
6
Y

Y

Jason Sudeikis
2005–2013
9
Y

Y

Julia Sweeney
1990–1994
4
Y

Terry Sweeney
1985–1986
1
Y

Y

Kenan Thompson
2003–present
15
Y

Danitra Vance
1985–1986
1
Y

Melissa Villaseñor
2016–present
2

Y

Dan Vitale
1985–1986
1

Y

Nancy Walls
1995–1996
1
Y

Michaela Watkins
2008–2009
1

Y

Damon Wayans
1985–1986
1

Y

Y

Patrick Weathers
1980–1981
1

Y

Noël Wells
2013–2014
1

Y

Brooks Wheelan
2013–2014
1

Y

Kristen Wiig
2005–2012
7
Y

Y

Casey Wilson
2008–2009
2

Y

Fred Wolf
1995–1996
2

Y

Y

Sasheer Zamata
2014–2017
4
Y

Alan Zweibel
1979–1980
1

Y

Y

text: Timeline of cast members[edit]

text: Lighter colors denote "featured players" versus repertory cast members.

text: Notable tenures[edit]

text: The following is a list of the cast members with the longest tenures, who have spent at least eight seasons on the show.

text:
Performer
No. of seasons
Notes

Kenan Thompson
15
Thompson holds the records of being the longest-tenured cast member in the show's history (breaking the record previously held by Darrell Hammond), the longest-running cast member born after the show's premiere in 1975, and the longest-active African-American cast member.

Darrell Hammond
14
Hired after a cast overhaul, he is the last cast member hired in the 1990s to leave the show, and the oldest cast member to leave the show (age 53 when he left the show). In 2014, Hammond returned to the show where he replaced Don Pardo as the show's announcer after Pardo's death, and often appears in sketches, reprising old roles such as Donald Trump and Bill Clinton.

Seth Meyers
13
In 2013, his tenure on Weekend Update reached its eighth year, making him the longest-serving Weekend Update anchor (breaking the records held by Dennis Miller and Tina Fey). He left the show in early 2014 to take over hosting duties for Late Night.

Al Franken
12
Hired as a writer in the beginning of the series, as the show progressed, he and Tom Davis were allowed to perform material on-air sporadically. He left the show in 1980, but returned to the show when Lorne Michaels came back in 1985, regaining his writing and on-air featured status until 1995. Later elected the junior United States Senator from Minnesota.

Fred Armisen
11
Armisen joined the show in 2002, and left at the end of season 38 in 2013. He is the show's longest-running Hispanic cast member (beating out the Chilean-born Horatio Sanz), as well as the longest-running Asian cast member (part Japanese).

Tim Meadows
10
Meadows joined the show in early 1991. He left the show at the end of the season 25, after ten seasons on the show.

Kevin Nealon
9
Nealon joined the show as a featured player in 1986 following a major cast overhaul, and was promoted to contract status the following year. He served as Weekend Update anchor for his sixth through eighth seasons, then gave up the position in his ninth. After nine seasons on the show, Nealon left in 1995.

Bobby Moynihan
He joined the show during season 34, and departed after season 42.

Jason Sudeikis
He joined towards the end of season 30, after having been a writer for the show in the previous season. He left at the end of season 38.

Will Forte
8
Forte joined the cast in 2002, and left in 2010 after the release of MacGruber.

Bill Hader
Hader joined the cast in 2005 left at the end of season 38, alongside Fred Armisen and Jason Sudeikis.

Phil Hartman
Hartman was brought onto the cast for the show's twelfth season following a major cast overhaul, and left following the finale of the nineteenth season. He also returned to host the show twice in 1996.

Chris Kattan
Kattan moved to New York to work on the show as a featured player in 1996, later becoming a full-time member along with Tracy Morgan and Ana Gasteyer. Most notably, he played alongside Will Ferrell as one of the Butabi Brothers, who also featured in the 1998 film A Night at the Roxbury.

Chris Parnell
Parnell joined the cast in 1998, and was later fired in 2001 to make way for new talent. About a year later, he was rehired and remained on the show until he was let go again due to budget cuts in 2006.[1]

Amy Poehler
She served as co-anchor of Weekend Update with Tina Fey (2004–06) and with Meyers (2006–08). She left the series in late-2008 to begin production on Parks and Recreation.

Maya Rudolph
She joined the show in early 2000 towards the end of season 25. She was absent for most of season 31 following the birth of her child. She did not return to the show in 2008 after the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike ended.

Horatio Sanz
Sanz joined the cast in 1998, and later briefly served as co-anchor of Weekend Update, in season 31 with Poehler, for a few episodes, after Fey gave birth to her first child (making him the show's only Hispanic Weekend Update anchor). He was also let go due to budget cuts in 2006.[1]

text: The following is a list of the former cast members who have had the shortest tenures, spending less than a full 20-episode season on the show.[2]

text:
Performer
No. of episodes
Notes

Catherine O'Hara
0
In the early 1980s, when SCTV was in between network deals, she was hired to replace Ann Risley when SNL was being retooled in 1981. However, she quit the show without ever appearing on air, choosing to go back to SCTV when the show signed on with NBC. Her SNL position was then given to fellow Canadian Robin Duke. Despite never appearing on the show as a cast member, she did return to host in 1991.

Emily Prager
1
Hired by Dick Ebersol to be a featured player, she appeared in a few sketches at dress rehearsal in what would be the final episode of season six, due to the Writers' Guild of America going on strike in 1981. She did not return to the SNL cast in season seven. Although she did not appear in the single episode for which she was credited as a featured player, she had appeared uncredited in five previous episodes.[3]

Laurie Metcalf
1
She also was hired as part of Ebersol's temporary season six cast following the termination of Jean Doumanian, and appeared on-camera in a Weekend Update piece. When the show was put on hiatus for retooling, she was not chosen to return to the show for the season seven cast.

Dan Vitale
3
Hired as an on-and-off featured player for season 11, he was only credited with appearing in three episodes throughout the season.

Morwenna Banks
4
She was hired as a repertory player for the last four episodes of season 20, but was let out of her contract as part of a major cast overhaul Lorne Michaels had planned for season 21.

Ben Stiller
4
Before becoming a cast member, he submitted a short film – a parody of the movie The Color of Money – that was shown on the season 12 episode hosted by Charlton Heston. He was hired during season 14, but quit after four episodes due to creative differences. Despite this, he returned to host in 1998 and 2011.

Tom Schiller
7
One of the show writers who was upgraded to cast member status during season five, he left the show at the end of the season.

Patrick Weathers
7
Hired as a featured cast member for season six, he was fired along with many of Doumanian's cast.

George Coe
8
He was one of the original "Not-Ready-for-Primetime Players", because NBC wanted someone older in the cast. He was credited for only the first three episodes, though he continued to make several uncredited appearances throughout the first season.

Yvonne Hudson
8
She was a recurring extra during season five, and became the first black female cast member in season six. Like many of Doumanian's cast, she was fired mid-season.

Jim Downey
9
He was hired as one of many writers-turned-feature players in season five, and though he left the cast after the season, he returned to the show as a writer in the mid-1980s and has remained with it.

Matthew Laurance
10
Hired as a feature player during season six, he was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Alan Zweibel
11
A writer for the show before joining the cast in season five, he left after the season finale.

Gilbert Gottfried
12
He joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Michael O'Donoghue
12
One of the original "Not Ready for Primetime Players", he was dropped after a few episodes. He remained with the show as a writer and occasional on-screen performer.

Ann Risley
12
She joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul.

Charles Rocket
12
He joined the cast for season six and was fired as part of the mid-season overhaul, after having dropped an f-bomb one episode prior.

Damon Wayans
12
Hired for season 11 as a featured player, he was fired mid-season for improvising on the air. He returned as a guest to perform stand-up comedy on season 11's last episode and hosted SNL in 1995.

Beth Cahill
13
She joined the show during season 17 as an off-and-on featured player. She did not return the following season, as she was fired along with castmate Siobhan Fallon.

Denny Dillon
13
She joined the cast for season six and was let go after the finale as part of the cast overhaul. She auditioned for the show's first season, but did not make the cut.

Gail Matthius
13
She joined the cast for season six and was let go after the season ended.

Paul Shaffer
13
After being the band's pianist for the first five seasons, he joined the cast during season five, but left after the finale. He hosted SNL in 1987, making him the only member of the house band to do so.

Janeane Garofalo
14
She joined the cast during season 20, but quit mid-season due to creative differences.

Michaela Watkins
15
She joined the show on the first episode after the 2008 United States presidential election, then was let go before the start of season 35.

Peter Aykroyd
16
He joined the show midway through season five, but left at the end of the season, after only 16 episodes.

text: Youngest cast members[edit]

text: The following is a list of the youngest people to join the show.

text:
Performer
Age when joined show
Tenure

Anthony Michael Hall
17 years old
1985–1986

Eddie Murphy
19 years old
1980–1984

Robert Downey Jr.
20 years, 5 months
1985–1986

Pete Davidson
20 years, 10 months
2014–present

Abby Elliott
21 years, 5 months
2008–2012

Julia Louis-Dreyfus
21 years, 8 months
1982–1985

Sarah Silverman
22 years, 9 months
1993–1994

Jay Pharoah
22 years, 11 months
2010–2016

text: Oldest cast members[edit]

text: The following is a list of the oldest people to join the show.

text:
Performer
Age when joined show
Tenure

Leslie Jones
47 years old
2014–present

George Coe
46 years, 155 days
1975

Michael McKean
46 years, 147 days
1994–1995

Darrell Hammond
39 years old
1995–2009

Garrett Morris
38 years, 8 months
1975–1980

Phil Hartman
38 years, 1 month
1986–1994

Mike O'Brien
37 years old
2013–2014

Michaela Watkins
36 years, 11 months
2008–2009

Christopher Guest
36 years, 8 months
1984–1985

Billy Crystal
36 years, 7 months
1984–1985

Mikey Day
36 years, 7 months
2016–present

Colin Quinn
36 years, 3 months
1995–2000

text: After 14 seasons, Darrell Hammond left as the show's oldest active cast member, ending his tenure at 53 years old during his final season in 2009.

text: Both cast and hosts[edit]

text: As of May 2016, there are 34 SNL hosts who, at one point in their careers, were either a repertory or featured member of the SNL cast. The following performers have hosted SNL either before, during, or after their tenure as a member of the SNL cast.

text:
Host
Number of
episodes
First hosted
Last hosted

Fred Armisen
1
May 21, 2016

Dan Aykroyd
1
May 17, 2003

Dana Carvey
4
October 22, 1994
February 5, 2011

Chevy Chase
8[4]
February 18, 1978
February 15, 1997

Billy Crystal
2
March 17, 1984
May 12, 1984

Robert Downey Jr.
1
November 16, 1996

Jimmy Fallon
3
December 17, 2011
April 15, 2017

Chris Farley
1
October 25, 1997

Will Ferrell
3
May 14, 2005
May 12, 2012

Tina Fey
5
February 23, 2008
December 19, 2015

Bill Hader
1
October 11, 2014

Phil Hartman
2
March 23, 1996
November 23, 1996

Julia Louis-Dreyfus
3
May 13, 2006
April 16, 2016

Jon Lovitz
1
November 8, 1997

Norm Macdonald
1
October 23, 1999

Michael McKean
1
November 3, 1984

Tracy Morgan
2
March 14, 2009
October 17, 2015

Eddie Murphy
2
December 11, 1982
December 15, 1984

Bill Murray
5
March 7, 1981
February 20, 1999

Mike Myers
1
March 22, 1997

Don Novello
2
January 14, 1984
May 12, 1984

Catherine O'Hara
2
April 13, 1991
October 31, 1992

Amy Poehler
2
September 25, 2010
December 19, 2015

Chris Rock
2
November 2, 1996
November 1, 2014

Maya Rudolph
1
February 18, 2012

Andy Samberg
1
May 17, 2014

Paul Shaffer
1
January 31, 1987

Molly Shannon
1
May 12, 2007

Martin Short
3
December 6, 1986
December 15, 2012

Sarah Silverman
1
October 4, 2014

David Spade
2
November 7, 1998
March 12, 2005

Ben Stiller
2
October 24, 1998
October 8, 2011

Damon Wayans
1
April 8, 1995

Kristen Wiig
2
May 11, 2013
November 19, 2016

text: President of the United States impressionists[edit]

text: Portraying the sitting President of the United States is considered "about as high [...] an honor that can be bestowed upon a cast member."[5] The following is a list of people who have portrayed the sitting President.

text:
President
Performer (years)

Gerald Ford
Chevy Chase (1975–76)

Jimmy Carter
Dan Aykroyd (1977–79)
Joe Piscopo (1980–81)

Ronald Reagan
Charles Rocket (1981)
Joe Piscopo (1981–84)
Harry Shearer (1984)
Randy Quaid (1985–86)
Phil Hartman (1986–89)

George H. W. Bush
Dana Carvey (1989–93)

President
Performer (years)

Bill Clinton
Phil Hartman (1993–94)
Michael McKean (1994–95)
Darrell Hammond (1995–2001)

George W. Bush
Will Ferrell (2001–2002)
Chris Parnell (2002–2003)
Darrell Hammond (2003)
Will Forte (2004–2006)
Jason Sudeikis (2006–2008)

Barack Obama
Fred Armisen (2009–12)
Jay Pharoah (2012–16)

Donald Trump
Alec Baldwin[n 1] (2017–present)

text: Darrell Hammond had the longest tenure portraying a U.S. president, with Bill Clinton from 1995–2001, and George W. Bush during 2003. Hammond also portrayed Richard Nixon in season 34, episode 12.

text: Michael McKean portrayed Bill Clinton during a brief period after Phil Hartman's departure. There was also a sketch featuring Chris Farley, David Spade, Chris Elliott, Adam Sandler, and Tim Meadows auditioning for the role of Clinton. There was also a gag in a 2001 sketch with Tracy Morgan filling in for Will Ferrell as George W. Bush.

text: Another noteworthy presidential portrayal was that of Dan Aykroyd as former president Richard Nixon from 1975–79.

text: Jim Carrey, while never having been an SNL cast member, portrayed Ronald Reagan in Funny or Die's Presidential Reunion of SNL Presidents (which reunited Chase as Ford, Aykroyd as Carter, Carvey as George H. W. Bush, Hammond as Clinton, Ferrell as George W. Bush, and Armisen as Obama), because two of the actors who previously portrayed Reagan had died since and the other three had declined to appear in the reunion. Carrey did, however, audition to be a cast member for the 1980–81 season; he hosted the show in May 1996, January 2011, and October 2014.

text: Donald Trump, having been a public figure before being president, was portrayed by several cast members over the years. He was portrayed by Phil Hartman (1988–90), Darrell Hammond (1999–11, 2015–16), Jason Sudeikis (2012) and Taran Killam (2015).

text: "SNL Curse"[edit]

text: Although SNL is best known as the launchpad for many successful careers, nine former cast members have died before the age of 60. This has given rise to a superstition known as the "Saturday Night Live Curse".[6][7][8]

text:
Cast member
Age
Date of death
Cause of death

Belushi, JohnJohn Belushi
33
March 5, 1982
Belushi died of a drug overdose from a speedball injection (cocaine and heroin). His death led to the conviction of Cathy Smith for administering the fatal injection.

Radner, GildaGilda Radner
42
May 20, 1989
Radner died from ovarian cancer. She was originally scheduled to host the season 13 finale, a first for a former female cast member. However, SNL was canceled due to a Writer's Guild of America (WGA) strike. Radner's health worsened the following year. Moments before the season 14 finale, news broke of Radner's death. Steve Martin delivered his visibly shaken monologue by replaying the sketch "Dancing in the Dark" that he and Radner had performed on an episode he hosted in 1978,[9] and a musical tribute to Radner performed by her ex-husband, G. E. Smith, and the SNL Band.

Vance, DanitraDanitra Vance
40
August 21, 1994
Vance died from breast cancer; although it had been put in remission three years earlier.

Michael O'Donoghue
54
November 8, 1994
O'Donoghue died from cerebral hemorrhage after suffering from severe chronic migraine headaches for most of his life. Bill Murray honored O'Donoghue's memory in an appearance on the season 20 episode[10] (hosted by Sarah Jessica Parker with musical guest R.E.M.) by replaying his sketch "Mr. Mike's Least Loved Bedtime Stories: The Soiled Kimono" from 1977.[11]

Farley, ChrisChris Farley
33
December 18, 1997
Similar to Belushi, Farley died of a drug overdose from a speedball. His death occurred nearly two months after he came back to host SNL, which turned out to be his final television appearance.

Hartman, PhilPhil Hartman
49
May 28, 1998
Hartman was murdered by his wife Brynn Omdahl while he slept in his Encino, California home. Before committing the act, Brynn had allegedly consumed a combination of cocaine, alcohol, and the antidepressant drug Zoloft, and later killed herself. During SNL's 25th anniversary special in 1999, several of Hartman's peers honored his memory by replaying his sketch "Love is a Dream" from 1988.

Rocket, CharlesCharles Rocket
56
October 7, 2005
Rocket was found dead in his Canterbury, Connecticut backyard. Local police concluded his death a suicide; Rocket had allegedly taken his own life by slashing his throat with a box cutter.

Davis, TomTom Davis
59
July 19, 2012
Davis died from head and neck cancer.

Hooks, JanJan Hooks
57
October 9, 2014
Hooks died after a long illness; she was said to have suffered from cancer.


document_title: A Bug's Life

question_text: who plays hoppers brother in a bug's life

question_tokens: who plays hoppers brother in a bug 's life

text: A Bug's Life

text: Plot[edit]

text: Ant Island is a colony of ants led by the Queen and her daughter, Princess Atta. Every season, they are forced to give food to a gang of marauding grasshoppers led by Hopper. One day, when Flik, an individualist and would-be inventor, inadvertently knocks the offering into a stream with his latest invention, a grain harvesting device, Hopper demands twice as much food as compensation. When Flik suggests in earnest that they seek help from other stronger bugs, the other ants see it as an opportunity to remove him and send him off.

text: At the "bug city", which is a heap of trash under a trailer, the naïve Flik mistakes a troupe of Circus Bugs who were recently dismissed by their greedy ringmaster, P.T. Flea, for the warrior bugs he seeks. The bugs, in turn, mistake Flik for a talent agent and accept his offer to travel with him back to Ant Island. During a welcome ceremony upon their arrival, the Circus Bugs and Flik both discover their mutual misunderstandings. The Circus Bugs attempt to leave but are attacked by a bird; while fleeing, they save Dot, Atta's younger sister, gaining the ants' respect in the process. At Flik's request, they continue the ruse of being "warriors" so the troupe can continue to enjoy the hospitality of the ants. Hearing that Hopper fears birds inspires Flik to create a false bird to scare away the grasshoppers. Meanwhile, Hopper tells his gang how greatly the ants outnumber them and worries that they will eventually rebel against them.

text: The ants finish constructing the fake bird, but during a celebration, P.T. Flea arrives searching for his troupe and inadvertently reveals their secret. Outraged by Flik's deception, the ants exile him and desperately gather food for a new offering to the grasshoppers. However, when Hopper returns to discover the mediocre offering, he takes over the island and demands the ants' winter food supply, planning to assassinate the Queen afterwards. Overhearing the plan, Dot informs Flik and the Circus Bugs and convinces them to return to Ant Island.

text: After rescuing the Queen, Flik deploys the bird; it initially fools the grasshoppers, but P.T. Flea, also mistaking it for a real bird, burns it, exposing it as a decoy. Hopper beats Flik in retaliation and says that the ants are humble and lowly life forms who live to serve the grasshoppers. However, Flik responds that Hopper actually fears the colony, because he has always known what they are capable of, inspiring the ants and the Circus Bugs to fight back against the grasshoppers. The ants attempt to force Hopper out of Ant Island, but it suddenly begins to rain. In the ensuing chaos, Hopper kidnaps Flik and flees. After the Circus Bugs fail to catch them, Atta rescues Flik. As Hopper pursues them, Flik lures him to the nest of the bird he, Dot, and the Circus Bugs encountered earlier. Thinking that the bird is another decoy, Hopper taunts it before discovering it is real, and is captured and fed to its chicks.

text: Sometime later, Flik has improved his inventions and the quality of life for Ant Island, and Atta professes her love for him, and they give Hopper's younger brother Molt, and a few ants to P.T. Flea as new members of his act. Atta and Dot respectively become the new queen and princess. The ants congratulate Flik as a hero and bid a fond farewell to the circus troupe, who promise to return in the future.

text: Voice cast[edit]

text:
Dave Foley as Flik, an inventive, but mostly accident-prone, ant
Kevin Spacey as Hopper, the leader of the grasshopper gang
Julia Louis-Dreyfus as Princess Atta, the soon-to-be queen of the colony
Hayden Panettiere as Dot, Princess Atta's younger sister and initially Flik's only friend in the ant colony
Phyllis Diller as the Queen, the leader of the ant colony
Richard Kind as Molt, Hopper's dim-witted younger brother
David Hyde Pierce as Slim, a walking stick and Francis and Heimlich's friend
Joe Ranft as Heimlich, a plump, German-accented caterpillar that longs to be a butterfly
Denis Leary as Francis, a short-tempered ladybug that is constantly mistaken for a female
Jonathan Harris as Manny, a praying mantis and magician in P.T. Flea's circus
Madeline Kahn as Gypsy, a gypsy moth and Manny's beautiful wife and assistant
Bonnie Hunt as Rosie, a black widow spider and Dim's tamer
Michael McShane as Tuck and Roll, twin[5] pillbug brothers from Hungary
John Ratzenberger as P.T. Flea, the owner of the circus
Brad Garrett as Dim, a rhinoceros beetle that plays the "Ferocious Beast" in the circus act
Roddy McDowall as Mr. Soil, the lead thespian
Edie McClurg as Dr. Flora, the doctor of the ant colony
Alex Rocco as Thorny, Princess Atta's assistant
David Ossman as Cornelius, an elderly ant

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: During the summer of 1994, Pixar's story department began turning their thoughts to their next film.[6] The storyline for A Bug's Life originated from a lunchtime conversation between John Lasseter, Andrew Stanton, Pete Docter, and Joe Ranft, the studio's head story team; other films such as Monsters, Inc. and Finding Nemo were also conceived at this lunch.[7] Lasseter and his story team had already been drawn to the idea of insects serving as characters. Like toys, insects were within the reach of computer animation back then, due to their relatively simple surfaces. Stanton and Ranft wondered whether they could find a starting point in Aesop's fable The Ant and the Grasshopper.[7] Walt Disney had produced his own version with a cheerier ending decades earlier in the 1934 short film The Grasshopper and the Ants. In addition, Walt Disney Feature Animation (now Walt Disney Animation Studios) had considered producing a film in the late-1980s entitled Army Ants, that centered around a pacifist ant living in a militaristic colony, but this never fully materialized.[8]

text: As Stanton and Ranft discussed the adaptation, they rattled off scenarios and storylines springing from their premise.[7] Lasseter liked the idea and offered some suggestions. The concept simmered until early-1995, when the story team began work on the second film in earnest.[7] During an early test screening for Toy Story in San Rafael in June 1995, they pitched the film to Disney CEO Michael Eisner. Eisner thought the idea was fine and they submitted a treatment to Disney in early-July under the title Bugs.[7] Disney approved the treatment and gave notice on July 7 that it was exercising the option of a second film under the original 1991 agreement between Disney and Pixar.[9] Lasseter assigned the co-director job to Stanton; both worked well together and had similar sensibilities. Lasseter had realized that working on a computer-animated feature as a sole-director was dangerous while the production of Toy Story was in process.[9] In addition, Lasseter believed that it would relieve stress and that the role would groom Stanton for having his own position as a lead director.[10]

text: Writing[edit]

text: In The Ant and the Grasshopper, a grasshopper squanders the spring and summer months on singing while the ants put food away for the winter; when winter comes, the hungry grasshopper begs the ants for food, but the ants turn him away.[7] Andrew Stanton and Joe Ranft hit on the notion that the grasshopper could just take the food.[7][11] After Stanton had completed a draft of the script, he came to doubt one of the story's main pillars – that the Circus Bugs that had come to the colony to cheat the ants would instead stay and fight.[10] He thought the Circus Bugs were unlikable characters as liars and that it was unrealistic for them to undergo a complete personality change. Also, no particularly good reason existed for Circus Bugs to stay with the ant colony during the second act.[12] Although the film was already far along, Stanton concluded that the story needed a different approach.[10]

text: Stanton took one of the early circus bug characters, Red the red ant, and changed him into the character Flik.[12] The Circus Bugs, no longer out to cheat the colony, would be embroiled in a comic misunderstanding as to why Flik was recruiting them. Lasseter agreed with this new approach, and comedy writers Donald McEnery and Bob Shaw spent a few months working on further polishing with Stanton.[13] The characters "Tuck and Roll" were inspired by a drawing that Stanton did of two bugs fighting when he was in the second grade.[11] Lasseter had come to envision the film as an epic in the tradition of David Lean's 1962 film Lawrence of Arabia.[12][14]

text: Casting[edit]

text: The voice cast was heavy with television situation-comedy stars of the time: Flik was voiced by Dave Foley (from NewsRadio), Princess Atta was voiced by Julia Louis-Dreyfus (from Seinfeld), Molt was voiced by Richard Kind (from Spin City), Slim was voiced by David Hyde Pierce (from Frasier) and Dim was voiced by Brad Garrett (from Everybody Loves Raymond). Joe Ranft, member of Pixar's story team, played Heimlich the caterpillar at the suggestion of Lasseter's wife, Nancy, who had heard him playing the character on a scratch vocal track.[15]

text: Several of the film's voice actors would voice characters in later Pixar films: Foley returned for Monsters University, Kind for Cars, Cars 2, Toy Story 3, and Inside Out; and Garrett for Finding Nemo and Ratatouille.

text: The casting of Hopper, the film's villain, proved problematic. Lasseter's top choice was Robert De Niro, who repeatedly turned the part down, as did a succession of other actors.[15] Kevin Spacey met John Lasseter at the 1995 Academy Awards and Lasseter asked Spacey if he would be interested in doing the voice of Hopper. Spacey was delighted and signed on immediately.[12]

text: Art design and animation[edit]

text: It was more difficult for animators during the production of A Bug's Life than that of Toy Story, as computers ran sluggishly due to the complexity of the character models. Lasseter and Stanton had two supervising animators to assist with directing and reviewing the animation: Rich Quade and Glenn McQueen. The first sequence to be animated and rendered was the circus sequence that culminated with P.T. Flea's "Flaming Wall of Death". Lasseter placed this scene first in the pipeline because he believed it was "less likely to change".[16] Lasseter thought it would be useful to look at a view of the world from an insect's perspective. Two technicians obliged by creating a miniature video camera on Lego wheels, which they dubbed as the "Bugcam".[10][17] Fastened to the end of a stick, the Bugcam could roll through grass and other terrain and send back an insect's-eye outlook. Lasseter was intrigued by the way grass, leaves, and flower petals formed a translucent canopy, as if the insects were living under a stained-glass ceiling. The team also later sought inspiration from Microcosmos (1996), a French documentary on love and violence in the insect world.[10]

text: The transition from treatment to storyboards took on an extra layer of complexity due to the profusion of storylines. Where Toy Story focused heavily on Woody and Buzz, with the other toys serving mostly as sidekicks, A Bug's Life required in-depth storytelling for several major groups of characters.[13] Character design also presented a new challenge, in that the designers had to make ants appear likable. Although the animators and the art department studied insects more closely, natural realism would give way to the film's larger needs.[14] The team took out mandibles and designed the ants to stand upright, replacing their normal six legs with two arms and two legs. The grasshoppers, in contrast, received a pair of extra appendages to appear less attractive.[14] The story's scale also required software engineers to accommodate new demands. Among these was the need to handle shots with crowds of ants.[14] The film would include more than 400 such shots in the ant colony, some with as many as 800. It was impractical for animators to control them individually, but neither could the ants remain static for even a moment without appearing lifeless, or move identically. Bill Reeves, one of the film's two supervising technical directors, dealt with the quandary by leading the development of software for autonomous ants.[14] The animators would only animate four or five groups of about eight individual "universal ants". Each one of these "universal ants" would later be randomly distributed throughout the digital set. The program also allowed each ant to be automatically modified in subtle ways (e.g. different color of eye or skin, different heights, different weights, etc.). This ensured that no two ants were the same.[17] It was partly based on Reeves's invention of particle systems a decade and a half earlier, which had let animators use masses of self-guided particles to create effects like swirling dust and snow.[15]

text: The animators also employed subsurface scattering—developed by Pixar co-founder Edwin Catmull during his graduate student days at the University of Utah in the 1970s—to render surfaces in a more lifelike way. This would be the first time that subsurface scattering would be used in a Pixar film, and a small team at Pixar worked out the practical problems that kept it from working in animation. Catmull asked for a short film to test and showcase subsurface scattering and the result, Geri's Game (1997), was attached alongside A Bug's Life in its theatrical release.[18]

text: Controversy[edit]

text: During the production of A Bug's Life, a public feud erupted between DreamWorks' Jeffrey Katzenberg, and Pixar's Steve Jobs and John Lasseter. Katzenberg, former chairman of Disney's film division, had left the company in a bitter feud with CEO Michael Eisner. In response, he formed DreamWorks SKG with Steven Spielberg and David Geffen and planned to rival Disney in animation.[19] After DreamWorks' acquisition of Pacific Data Images (PDI)—long Pixar's contemporary in computer animation—Lasseter and others at Pixar were dismayed to learn from the trade papers that PDI's first project at DreamWorks would be another ant film, to be called Antz.[20] By this time, Pixar's project was well-known within the animation community.[21] Both Antz and A Bug's Life center on a young male, a drone with oddball tendencies that struggles to win a princess's hand by saving their society. Whereas A Bug's Life relied chiefly on visual gags, Antz was more verbal and revolved more around satire. The script of Antz was also heavy with adult references, whereas Pixar's film was more accessible to children.[22]

text: It was clear that Lasseter and Jobs believed that the idea was stolen by Katzenberg.[8][19] Katzenberg had stayed in touch with Lasseter after the acrimonious Disney split, often calling to check up. In October 1995, when Lasseter was overseeing postproduction work on Toy Story at the Universal lot's Technicolor facility in Universal City, where DreamWorks was also located, he called Katzenberg and dropped by with Stanton.[19][23] When Katzenberg asked what they were doing next, Lasseter described what would become A Bug's Life in detail. Lasseter respected Katzenberg's judgment and felt comfortable using him as a sounding board for creative ideas.[23] Lasseter had high hopes for Toy Story, and he was telling friends throughout the tight-knit computer-animation business to get cracking on their own films. "If this hits, it's going to be like space movies after Star Wars" for computer animation companies, he told various friends.[8] "I should have been wary," Lasseter later recalled. "Jeffrey kept asking questions about when it would be released."[19]

text: When the trades indicated production on Antz, Lasseter, feeling betrayed, called Katzenberg and asked him bluntly if it were true, who in turn asked him where he had heard the rumor. Lasseter asked again, and Katzenberg admitted it was true. Lasseter raised his voice and would not believe Katzenberg's story that a development director had pitched him the idea long ago. Katzenberg claimed Antz came from a 1991 story pitch by Tim Johnson that was related to Katzenberg in October 1994.[8] Another source gives Nina Jacobson, one of Katzenberg's executives, as the person responsible for the Antz pitch.[21] Lasseter, who normally did not use profane language, cursed at Katzenberg and hung up the phone.[24] Lasseter recalled that Katzenberg began explaining that Disney was "out to get him" and that he realized that he was just cannon fodder in Katzenberg's fight with Disney.[8][21] In truth, Katzenberg was the victim of a conspiracy: Eisner had decided not to pay him his contract-required bonus, convincing Disney's board not to give him anything.[21] Katzenberg was further angered by the fact that Eisner scheduled Bugs to open the same week as The Prince of Egypt, which was then intended to be DreamWorks' first animated release.[21][24] Lasseter grimly relayed the news to Pixar employees but kept morale high. Privately, Lasseter told other Pixar executives that he and Stanton felt terribly let down by Katzenberg.[21]

text: Katzenberg moved the opening of Antz from spring 1999 to October 1998 to compete with Pixar's release.[21][25] David Price writes in his 2008 book The Pixar Touch that a rumor, "never confirmed", was that Katzenberg had given PDI "rich financial incentives to induce them to whatever it would take to have Antz ready first, despite Pixar's head start".[21][24] Jobs was furious and called Katzenberg and began yelling. Katzenberg made an offer: He would delay production of Antz if Jobs and Disney would move A Bug’s Life so that it did not compete with The Prince of Egypt. Jobs believed it "a blatant extortion attempt" and would not go for it, explaining that there was nothing he could do to convince Disney to change the date.[8][24] Katzenberg casually responded that Jobs himself had taught him how to conduct similar business long ago, explaining that Jobs had come to Pixar's rescue by making the deal for Toy Story, as Pixar was near bankruptcy at that time.[15] "I was the one guy there for you back then, and now you’re allowing them to use you to screw me," Katzenberg said.[24] He suggested that if Jobs wanted to, he could simply slow down production on A Bug’s Life without telling Disney. If he did, Katzenberg said, he would put Antz on hold.[8] Lasseter also claimed Katzenberg had phoned him with the proposition, but Katzenberg denied these charges later.[16]

text: As the release dates for both films approached, Disney executives concluded that Pixar should keep silent on the DreamWorks battle. Regardless, Lasseter publicly dismissed Antz as a "schlock version" of A Bug's Life.[18] Lasseter, who claimed to have never seen Antz, told others that if DreamWorks and PDI had made the film about anything other than insects, he would have closed Pixar for the day so the entire company could go see it.[8][22] Jobs and Katzenberg would not back down and the rivaling ant films provoked a press frenzy. "The bad guys rarely win," Jobs told the Los Angeles Times. In response, DreamWorks’ head of marketing Terry Press suggested, “Steve Jobs should take a pill."[24] Despite the successful box office performance of both Antz and A Bug's Life, tensions would remain high between Jobs and Katzenberg for many years. According to Jobs, Katzenberg came to Jobs after the success of Shrek (2001) and insisted he had never heard the pitch for A Bug's Life, reasoning that his settlement with Disney would have given him a share of the profits if that were so.[26] Although the contention left all parties estranged, Pixar and PDI employees kept up the old friendships that had arisen from spending a long time together in computer animation.[16]

text: Music[edit]

text:
A Bug's Life: An Original Walt Disney Records Soundtrack

Soundtrack album by Randy Newman

Released
October 27, 1998

Recorded
1998

Genre
Score

Length
47:32

Label
Walt Disney

Randy Newman chronology

Michael
(1996)Michael1996
A Bug's Life
(1998)
Pleasantville
(1998)Pleasantville1998

Pixar soundtrack chronology

Toy Story
(1995) Toy Story1995
A Bug's Life
(1998) A Bug's Life1998
Toy Story 2
(1999) Toy Story 21999

text: The film's score was composed and conducted by Randy Newman. The soundtrack album was produced and released on October 27, 1998, by Walt Disney Records. The album's first track is a song called "The Time of Your Life" written and performed by Newman, while all the other 19 tracks are orchestral cues. The album is no longer manufactured into physical media, but is available for purchase on iTunes. The time duration is 47 minutes and 32 seconds.[27] Out of five stars, Allmusic,[28] Empire Online,[29] and Film Tracks rated the album three stars.[30] Movie Wave rated it four and a half.[31] The score won the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition.[27]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes the film has a rating of 92%, based on 85 reviews, with an average rating of 7.9/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "A Bug's Life is a rousing adventure that blends animated thrills with witty dialogue and memorable characters – and another smashing early success for Pixar."[32] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, gave the film a score of 77 out of 100, based on 23 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[33]

text: Todd McCarthy of Variety gave the film a positive review, saying "Lasseter and Pixar broke new technical and aesthetic ground in the animation field with Toy Story, and here they surpass it in both scope and complexity of movement while telling a story that overlaps Antz in numerous ways."[34] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "A Bug's Life, like Toy Story, develops protagonists we can root for, and places them in the midst of a fast-moving, energetic adventure."[35] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three and a half stars out of four, saying "Will A Bug's Life suffer by coming out so soon after Antz? Not any more than one thriller hurts the chances for the next one. Antz may even help business for A Bug's Life by demonstrating how many dramatic and comedic possibilities can be found in an anthill."[36] Kenneth Turan of the Los Angeles Times gave the film four out of five stars, saying "What A Bug's Life demonstrates is that when it comes to bugs, the most fun ones to hang out with hang exclusively with the gang at Pixar."[37] Peter Stack of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film four out of four stars, saying "A Bug's Life is one of the great movies – a triumph of storytelling and character development, and a whole new ballgame for computer animation. Pixar Animation Studios has raised the genre to an astonishing new level".[38]

text: Richard Corliss of Time gave the film a positive review, saying "The plot matures handsomely; the characters neatly converge and combust; the gags pay off with emotional resonance."[39] Owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly gave the film a B, saying "A Bug's Life may be the single most amazing film I've ever seen that I couldn't fall in love with."[40] Paul Clinton of CNN gave the film a positive review, saying "A Bug's Life is a perfect movie for the holidays. It contains a great upbeat message ... it's wonderful to look at ... it's wildly inventive ... and it's entertaining for both adults and kids."[41] Michael Wilmington of the Chicago Tribune gave the film three and a half stars out of four, and compared the movie to "Akira Kurosawa's Seven Samurai (with a little of another art-film legend, Federico Fellini, tossed in)." where "As in Samurai, the colony here is plagued every year by the arrival of bandits."[42] On the contrary, Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post gave the film a negative review, saying "Clever as it is, the film lacks charm. One problem: too many bugs. Second, bigger world for two purposes: to feed birds and to irk humans."[43]

text: Box office[edit]

text: A Bug's Life grossed approximately $33,258,052 on its opening weekend, ranking number 1 for that weekend.[44] It managed to retain its number 1 spot for two weeks.[45][46] The film grossed $162.8 million in its United States theatrical run, covering its estimated production costs of $120 million. The film made $200,460,294 in foreign countries, pushing its worldwide gross to $363.3 million, surpassing the competition from DreamWorks Animation's Antz.[2]

text: Awards and honors[edit]

text: A Bug's Life won a number of awards and numerous nominations. The film won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Awards for Best Animated Film (tied with The Prince of Egypt) and Best Family Film, the Satellite Award for Best Animated Film and the Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition by Randy Newman. It was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Original Musical or Comedy Score, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score and the BAFTA Award for Best Achievement in Special Visual Effects.[47] In 2008, the American Film Institute nominated this film for its Top 10 Animation Films list.[48]

text: Home media[edit]

text: A Bug's Life was released on VHS and DVD on April 20, 1999. On August 1, 2000, it was rereleased on VHS and DVD under the Walt Disney Gold Classic Collection banner.[citation needed] On May 27, 2003, another DVD was released as a 2-disc Collector's Edition. This DVD was fully remastered and has substantial bonus features.[49] On May 19, 2009, the film was released on Blu-ray.[50]

text: Media and merchandise[edit]

text: Attached short film[edit]

text: The film's theatrical and video releases include Geri's Game, an Academy Award winning Pixar short made in 1997, a year before this film was released.[51]

text: Video game[edit]

text: A game, based on the film, was developed by Traveller's Tales and Tiertex Design Studios and released by Sony Computer Entertainment, Disney Interactive, THQ and Activision for various systems. The game's storyline was similar to the film's, with a few changes. However, unlike the film, the game received mixed to negative reviews.[52] Aggregating review website GameRankings gave the Nintendo 64 version 54.40%,[53] the PlayStation version 51.90% [54] and the Game Boy Color version 36.63%.[55] GameSpot gave the PlayStation version a 2.7/10, concluding that it was "obvious that Disney was more interested in producing a $40 advertisement for its movie than in developing a playable game." [56] IGN gave the Nintendo 64 version a 6.8/10, praising the presentation and sound by stating "It was upbeat, cheery look and feel very much like the movie of the same name with cheery, happy tunes and strong sound effects but again criticised the gameplay by saying the controls were sluggish with stuttering framerate and tired gameplay mechanics".[57] while they gave the PlayStation version a 4/10, criticizing the gameplay as slow and awkward but praising the presentation as cinematic.[58]

text: Theme park attractions[edit]

text: A Bug's Land is a section of Disney California Adventure that is inspired by A Bug's Life. One of the main attractions is the 3D show It's Tough to Be a Bug! which is also in Disney's Animal Kingdom. The Disney California Adventure nighttime show World of Color features a segment that includes Heimlich, the caterpillar from the film.[59]


document_title: List of awareness ribbons

question_text: what does the purple ribbon mean at the sotu

text: List of awareness ribbons

text: This is a partial list of awareness ribbons. The meaning behind an awareness ribbon depends on its colors and pattern. Since many advocacy groups have adopted ribbons as symbols of support or awareness, ribbons, particularly those of a single color, some colors may refer to more than one cause. Some causes may be represented by more than one ribbon.

text: Colors and meanings

text:
Ribbon
Color
Meanings

Pink ribbon

Breast cancer awareness.[1]

Red ribbon

HIV/AIDS awareness[2][3]
Substance-abuse awareness (Red Ribbon Week is commonly held in American schools.)[4]

Maroon ribbon

Multiple myeloma awareness[5]

Orange ribbon

Leukemia awareness[6]
Multiple Sclerosis awareness[7]

Yellow ribbon

Traditional (in the U.S. and in Canada) symbol of support for military forces, especially those deployed overseas and in conflicts.
Suicide awareness
Endometriosis awareness[8]
Rural Fire Service Queensland - A symbol of unilateral support of Rural Fire Brigades across the state of Queensland Australia (instituted by the Rural Fire Brigades Association Queensland {RFBAQ} at Rockhampton 16 September 2012 and tabled in Hansard by the Newman LNP Government 14 October 2014 "Matters of Public Interest 3311")[9]
Protest against imprisonment of Catalan independence movement leaders.[10]

Lime green ribbon

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma awareness[6][11]

Jade ribbon

Jade Ribbon Campaign awareness about hepatitis B and liver cancer[12]

Blue ribbon

Showing support of freedom of speech, press, and freedom of association online. Proposed by Electronic Frontier Foundation in a 1996 campaign for protesting against Internet censorship. [13][14][15]

Canada's National Non-Smoking Week[16][17][18]
"Stand With ACLU" initiative[19]

Purple ribbon

During President Donald Trump's State of the Union address, January 30, 2018, Democratic Senators wore purple ribbons to raise awareness of the opioid crisis.[20]
Month of the Military Child, Celebrating Military Kids[21]
Spirit Day and victims of homophobia[22]
Awareness of interpersonal violence and abuse prevention[23]
Epilepsy awareness [24]

White ribbon

A global symbol for men and boys working to end male violence against women and girls.[25]
A symbol of distrust to the official results of 4 December 2011 elections to the Russian State Duma[26]

Black ribbon

Typically a sign of mourning, or otherwise in memoriam[27]
Awareness of POW/MIAs[27]
Anti-violence campaign in New Zealand.[28]
Black Ribbon Movement of medical professions and medical students against the appointment of military officers to positions within Ministry of Health in Myanmar (Burma) in August 2015. [29]

Zebra-print ribbon

Rare-disease awareness[30]

Houndstooth ribbon

Relief efforts in Tuscaloosa and northern Alabama following the 27 April 2011 tornado (The pattern evokes former University of Alabama head football coach Bear Bryant, an icon of the city and its area.)[31]

Orange and black ribbon

Ribbon of Saint George; commemoration of World War II in post-Soviet countries[32][33]

Red, white and blue ribbon

Used in Omaha, Nebraska, after a deadly shooting at Millard South High School (Matches to the school's colors)[34]


document_title: The Long Good Friday

question_text: who played razors in the long good friday

text: The Long Good Friday

text: Plot[edit]

text: Harold Shand (Bob Hoskins), a London gangster, is aspiring to become a legitimate businessman and is trying to form a partnership with the American Mafia, with a plan to redevelop London Docklands, including building a casino.

text: The opening scenes of the film depict a man delivering money in a suitcase to an unknown destination in Belfast. Before delivering the money, the man helps himself to some of the cash. Once the money is delivered, the recipients realise they've been ripped off but are suddenly attacked and killed. Soon afterwards, the delivery driver is kidnapped and killed and subsequently, the man who delivered and stole the money is killed whilst swimming.

text: Harold is the ruling kingpin of the London underworld and is preparing for a visit from representatives of the Mafia from New York, who he hopes to persuade to go into partnership with him. However, his world is suddenly destabilised by a series of unexplained murders (including Harold's best friend Colin, who was the person killed at the swimming pool) and exploding bombs from an unknown foe. He and his henchmen try to uncover his attackers' identity whilst simultaneously trying not to worry their American visitors. Harold rightly realises if the Americans think he's not in full control of his affairs, they won't go into partnership with him. This becomes impossible when a pub in which they are about to have lunch is blown up. This forces Harold's girlfriend, Victoria, to tell the Mafia representatives Harold is under attack but from an unknown enemy. Victoria tries to reassure the Americans Harold is working hard to quickly resolve the crisis. At this point, Victoria starts to figure out Harold's right hand man, Jeff, knows more than he had been letting on about who might be behind the attacks. Jeff begins to realise Harold might be onto him and tries to prevent people talking through intimidation, including nailing a security guard to the floor.

text: After some further detective work, Harold then confronts Jeff, who confesses he sent Harold's long term friend Colin on a job to Belfast to deliver money raised by Irish Navvies (construction workers) to the IRA. When Harold discovers Jeff had accepted a job to deliver funds to the IRA, he becomes extremely angry and vows to destroy the IRA in London. Jeff advises against this and then explains the IRA aren't just annoyed about the £5,000 they are missing, they are wrongly holding Harold responsible for the murder of the 3 IRA men seen at the start of the film. Harold loses his temper and - realising Jeff isn't to be trusted - kills him with a broken whisky bottle.

text: Harold then tries to get even with the IRA and sets up a meeting with them, which Councillor Harris reluctantly agrees to organise. Harold appears to offer them £60,000 in return for a ceasefire but double crosses them, having them shot when they are counting the money.

text: Having taken out the top men, Harold sees his problem as solved. He then travels to the Savoy Hotel to share this good news with his Mafia partners. When Harold arrives, he finds the Americans are preparing to leave, having been spooked by the attacks from the IRA. Harold then delivers a short but powerful speech to the American Mafia representatives, telling them he has lost all respect for the Mafia and accuses them of American arrogance. He also tells them he has new, German partners and their services are no longer required.

text: In the closing scene, Harold then leaves the hotel and waits for his chauffeur and body guard, Razors to pick him up. However, when he gets into the car, Victoria has disappeared and the vehicle is being driven by two IRA men. One of them (Pierce Brosnan) has a gun trained on Harold. As the car speeds away, Harold realises he is sure to be murdered and sits in silence, displaying a range of emotions.

text: Cast[edit]

text: Main roles[edit]

text:
Bob Hoskins – Harold Shand
P. H. Moriarty – Razors
Helen Mirren – Victoria
Dave King – Parky
Bryan Marshall – Harris
Derek Thompson – Jeff
Eddie Constantine – Charlie
Paul Freeman – Colin
Stephen Davies – Tony
Brian Hall – Alan
Paul Barber – Errol the Ponce, a police informant

text: Minor roles[edit]

text: Many of the actors playing these un-named parts became famous for their later work.

text:
Karl Howman – a Detective Sergeant who enjoys socialising with the criminal fraternity.
Kevin McNally – seen in a Belfast bar scene
Pierce Brosnan – IRA hitman
Daragh O'Malley – IRA hitman
Alan Ford – member of Shand's gang
Gillian Taylforth – the young woman who finds the security guard nailed to the floor of a disused warehouse
Dexter Fletcher – the boy who asks for money to watch Harold's car

text: Production[edit]

text: The film was directed by John Mackenzie and produced for £930,000[3] by Barry Hanson from a script by Barrie Keeffe, with a soundtrack by the composer Francis Monkman; it was screened at the Cannes, Edinburgh and London Film Festivals in 1980.[4]

text: Under the title "The Paddy Factor",[5] the original story had been written by Keeffe for Hanson when the latter worked for Euston Films,[3] a subsidiary of Thames Television. Euston did not make the film but Hanson bought the rights from Euston for his own company Calendar Films.[3] Although Hanson designed the film for the cinema and all contracts were negotiated under a film, not a TV agreement, the production was eventually financed by Black Lion, a subsidiary of Lew Grade's ITC Entertainment for transmission via Grade's Associated TeleVision (ATV) on the ITV Network.[4] The film was commissioned by Charles Denton, at the time both Programme Controller of ATV and Managing Director of Black Lion.[3] After Grade saw the finished film, he allegedly objected to what he saw as the glorification of the IRA.[2]

text: The film was scheduled to be televised with heavy cuts on 24 March 1981.[4] Because of the planned cuts, in late 1980, Hanson attempted to buy the film back from ITC to prevent ITV screening the film. The cuts, he said, would be "execrable"[3][4] and added up to "about 75 minutes of film that was literal nonsense".[2] It was also reported at the same time that Bob Hoskins was suing both Black Lion and Calendar Films to prevent their planned release of a US TV version in which Hoskins' voice would be dubbed by English Midlands actor David Daker.[4]

text: Before the planned ITV transmission the rights to the film were bought from ITC by George Harrison's company, Handmade Films, for around £200,000 less than the production costs.[2] They gave the film a cinema release.[6]

text: Sequel[edit]

text: Barrie Keeffe wrote a sequel, Black Easter Monday, set twenty years after the events of the first film. It opened with Bob Hoskins's character escaping from the IRA after the car was pulled over by police. Hoskins would retire to Jamaica, then return to stop the East End being taken over by the Yardies.[7] However, the film was never made.