document_title: Time Person of the Year

question_text: time magazine person of the year 3 times

text: Time Person of the Year

text: Background[edit]

text: The tradition of selecting a "Man of the Year" began in 1927, with Time editors contemplating the news makers of the years. The idea was also an attempt to remedy the editorial embarrassment earlier that year of not having aviator Charles Lindbergh on its cover following his historic trans-Atlantic flight. By the end of the year, it was decided that a cover story featuring Lindbergh as the Man of the Year would serve both purposes.[3]

text: Selection[edit]

text: U.S. Presidents[edit]

text: Since the list began, every serving President of the United States has been a Man or Person of the Year at least once with the exceptions of Calvin Coolidge, in office at time of the first issue, Herbert Hoover, the next U.S. president, and Gerald Ford. Most were named Man or Person of the Year either the year they were elected or while they were in office; the only one to be given the title before being elected is Dwight D. Eisenhower, in 1944 as Supreme Commander of the Allied Invasion Force, eight years before his election. He subsequently received the title again in 1959, while in office. Franklin D. Roosevelt is the only person to have received the title three times, first as president-elect (1932) and later as the incumbent president (1934 and 1941).

text: Women[edit]

text: In 1999, the title was changed to Person of the Year.[4] Women who have been selected for recognition after the renaming include "The Whistleblowers" (Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley, and Sherron Watkins in 2002), Melinda Gates (jointly with Bill Gates and Bono, in 2005), Angela Merkel in 2015 and "The Silence Breakers" (Isabel Pascual, Adama Iwu, Ashley Judd, Susan Fowler and Taylor Swift in 2017). Prior to 1999, four women were granted the title as individuals: three as "Woman of the Year"—Wallis Simpson (1936), Queen Elizabeth II (1952), and Corazon Aquino (1986)–and one as half of the "Man and Wife of the Year", Soong Mei-ling (1937).[5] "American Women" were recognized as a group in 1975. Other classes of people recognized comprise both men and women, such as "Hungarian Freedom Fighters" (1956), "U.S. Scientists" (1960), "The Inheritors" (1966), "The Middle Americans" (1969), "The American Soldier" (2003), "You" (2006), "The Protester" (2011) represented on the cover by a woman, and "Ebola fighters" (2014). Although the title on the magazine remained "Man of The Year" for both the 1956 "Hungarian Freedom Fighter" and the 1966 "Twenty-five and Under" editions which both featured a woman standing behind a man, and "Men of the Year" on the 1960 "U.S. Scientists" edition which exclusively featured men on its cover. It wasn't until the 1969 edition on "The Middle Americans" did the title embrace "Man and Woman of the Year".

text: Groups and non-humans[edit]

text: Despite the name, the title is not just granted to individuals. Pairs of people such as married couples and political opponents, classes of people, and inanimate objects have all been selected for the special year-end issue.

text:
Chiang Kai-shek and Soong Mei-ling, President and First Lady of China (1937)
William Anders, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell, crew of Apollo 8 (1968)
Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger, political allies (1972)
Ronald Reagan and Yuri Andropov, Cold War rivals (1983)
Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk; Yasser Arafat and Yitzhak Rabin, political leaders leading peace negotiations (1993)
Bill Clinton and Ken Starr, key figures in the Clinton impeachment (1998)
Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley and Sherron Watkins, whistleblowers (2002)
Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Bono, philanthropists (2005)

text:
The American fighting-man (1950)
The Hungarian freedom fighter (1956)
U.S. Scientists (1960)
The Inheritor (1966)
Middle Americans (1969)
American women (1975)
The American soldier (2003)
You (2006)
The Protester (2011)
Ebola fighters (2014)
The Silence Breakers (2017)

text:
The Computer (Machine of the Year, 1982)
The Endangered Earth (Planet of the Year, 1988)

text: Special awards[edit]

text: In 1949, Winston Churchill was named "Man of the Half-Century", and the last issue of 1989 named Mikhail Gorbachev as "Man of the Decade". The December 31, 1999 issue of Time named Albert Einstein the "Person of the Century". Franklin D. Roosevelt and Mahatma Gandhi were chosen as runners-up.[6]

text: Controversial choices[edit]

text: Despite the magazine's frequent statements to the contrary, the designation is often regarded as an honor, and spoken of as an award or prize, simply based on many previous selections of admirable people.[7] However, Time magazine points out that controversial figures such as Adolf Hitler (1938), Joseph Stalin (1939 and 1942), Nikita Khrushchev (1957) and Ayatollah Khomeini (1979) have also been granted the title for their impacts.[8]

text: As a result of the public backlash it received from the United States for naming Khomeini as Man of the Year in 1979, Time has since shied away from using figures who are controversial in the United States for commercial reasons, fearing reductions in sales or advertising revenue.[9]

text: Time's Person of the Year 2001, immediately following the September 11, 2001 attacks, was New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani. The stated rules of selection, the individual or group of individuals who have had the biggest effect on the year's news, made Osama bin Laden a more likely choice that year. The issue that declared Giuliani the Person of the Year included an article that mentioned Time's earlier decision to select the Ayatollah Khomeini and the 1999 rejection of Hitler as "Person of the Century". The article seemed to imply that Osama bin Laden was a stronger candidate than Giuliani, as Adolf Hitler was a stronger candidate than Albert Einstein. The selections were ultimately based on what the magazine describes as who they believed had a stronger influence on history and who represented either the year or the century the most. According to Time, Rudolph Giuliani was selected for symbolizing the American response to the September 11th attacks, and Albert Einstein selected for representing a century of scientific exploration and wonder.

text: Another controversial choice was the 2006 selection of "You", representing most if not all people for advancing the information age by using the Internet (via e.g. blogs, MySpace, YouTube, and Wikipedia).[10]

text: Withdrawn selections[edit]

text: In 1941, the fictional elephant Dumbo from the Disney movie of the same name was selected to be "Mammal of the Year", and a cover was created showing Dumbo in a formal portrait style. However, the attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7 pre-empted the cover. The U.S. president Franklin Delano Roosevelt was named Man of the Year for a record third time, although Dumbo's Mammal of the Year profile still appeared on the inside pages of the magazine.[11]

text: Film-maker Michael Moore claims that director Mel Gibson cost him the opportunity to be Person of the Year alongside Gibson in 2004. Moore's controversial political documentary Fahrenheit 9/11 became the highest-grossing documentary of all time the same year Gibson's The Passion of the Christ became a box-office success and also caused significant controversy. Moore said in an interview "I got a call right after the '04 election from an editor from Time Magazine. He said,' Time Magazine has picked you and Mel Gibson to be Time's Person of the Year to put on the cover, Right and Left, Mel and Mike. The only thing you have to do is pose for a picture with each other. And do an interview together.' I said 'OK.' They call Mel up, he agrees. They set the date and time in LA. I'm to fly there. He's flying from Australia. Something happens when he gets home... Next thing, Mel calls up and says, 'I'm not doing it. I've thought it over and it is not the right thing to do.' So they put Bush on the cover."[12]

text: On November 24, 2017, U.S. president Donald Trump posted on the social media network Twitter that Time editors had told him he would "probably" be named Person of the Year for a second time, conditional on an interview and photo shoot which he had refused. Time denied that that they had made any such promises or conditions to Trump, who was named a runner-up.[13]

text: Online poll[edit]

text: Time magazine also holds an online poll for the readers to vote for who they believe to be the Person of the Year. While many mistakenly believe the winner of the poll to be the Person of the Year, the title, as mentioned above, is decided by the editors of Time. In the first online poll held in 1998, wrestler and activist Mick Foley won with over 50% of the votes.[14][15] Foley was removed from the poll, and the title was given to Bill Clinton and Ken Starr, which led to outrage from the fans of Foley who mistakenly believed the winner of the poll would be the winner of the title. In 2006, the poll winner by a wide margin was Hugo Chávez, with 35% of the votes. The president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, came in second. Time again ignored those results, not mentioning them in the announcement of the Person of the Year.[16] Time continues to annually run an online poll for the "People's Choice", but stresses the decision on whom the magazine recognizes is not made by the poll, but by the magazine's editors.[17]

text: Persons of the Year[edit]

text:
Year
Image
Choice
Lifetime
Notes
Runners-up

1927

Lindbergh, CharlesCharles Lindbergh
1902–1974
In 1927, Lindbergh became the first person to fly a plane solo non-stop across the Atlantic, from New York to Paris.

1928

Chrysler, WalterWalter Chrysler
1875–1940
In 1928, Chrysler oversaw a merger of his Chrysler Corporation with Dodge before beginning work on the Chrysler Building.

1929

Young, Owen D.Owen D. Young
1874–1962
Young chaired a committee which authored 1929's Young Plan, a program for settlement of German reparations after World War I.

1930

Gandhi, MahatmaMahatma Gandhi
1869–1948
Gandhi was the leader of the India's independence movement. In 1930, he led the Salt Satyagraha, a 240-mile march to protest the imposition of taxes on salt by the British Raj.

1931

Laval, PierrePierre Laval
1883–1945
Laval was first elected Prime Minister of France in 1931. Laval was popular in the American press at the time for opposing the Hoover Moratorium, a temporary freeze on World War I debt payments that was disliked in both France and the US.[18]

1932

Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt
1882–1945
Roosevelt won the 1932 US Presidential election by a landslide, defeating the incumbent, Herbert Hoover.

1933

Johnson, Hugh S.Hugh S. Johnson
1882–1942
In 1933, Johnson was appointed director of the National Recovery Administration, tasked by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt to bring industry, labor and government together to create codes of "fair practices" and set prices.

1934

Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt (2)
1882–1945
Roosevelt was President of the United States from 1933 to 1945. In 1934, Roosevelt's New Deal reforms were beginning to bear fruit.

1935

Selassie, HaileHaile Selassie
1892–1975
Selassie was Emperor of Ethiopia in 1935, when Italian forces invaded Ethiopia, starting the Second Italo-Abyssinian War.

1936

Simpson, WallisWallis Simpson
1896–1986
In 1936, Simpson's relationship with King Edward VIII led the king to abdicate his throne in order to marry her.

1937

Kai-shek, ChiangChiang Kai-shek
1887–1975
Chiang was Premier of the Republic of China at the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.

Mei-ling, SoongSoong Mei-ling
1898–2003
Soong was wife of Chiang Kai-shek from 1927 until his death in 1975. Addressed as Madame Chiang Kai-Shek by the magazine, she was recognized together with her husband as "Man & Wife of the Year".[5]

1938

Hitler, AdolfAdolf Hitler
1889–1945
As German Chancellor, Hitler oversaw the unification of Germany with Austria and the Sudetenland in 1938, after the Anschluss and Munich Agreement respectively.

1939

Stalin, JosephJoseph Stalin
1878–1953
In 1939, Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and de facto leader of the Soviet Union. He oversaw the signing of a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany before invading eastern Poland.

1940

Churchill, WinstonWinston Churchill
1874–1965
Churchill was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the 1940 Dunkirk evacuation and the Battle of Britain.

1941

Roosevelt, Franklin D.Franklin D. Roosevelt (3)
1882–1945
Roosevelt was President of the United States in 1941 during the attack on Pearl Harbor, declaration of war against Japan and resulting entry of the United States into World War II. The editors had already chosen Dumbo as their "Mammal of the Year" before the Pearl Harbor attack, but quickly changed it to Roosevelt.[11]

1942

Stalin, JosephJoseph Stalin (2)
1878–1953
By 1942, Stalin was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and Premier of the Soviet Union, overseeing the Battle of Stalingrad (1942–1943).

1943

Marshall, GeorgeGeorge Marshall
1880–1959
As United States Army Chief of Staff in 1943, General Marshall was instrumental in organizing US actions in World War II.

1944

Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower
1890–1969
General Eisenhower was Supreme Allied Commander in Europe during 1944's Operation Overlord.

1945

Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman
1884–1972
Truman became President of the United States after the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1945, authorizing the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

1946

Byrnes, James F.James F. Byrnes
1879–1972
In 1946, Byrnes was United States Secretary of State during the Iran crisis of 1946, taking an increasingly hardline position in opposition to Stalin. His speech, "Restatement of Policy on Germany", set the tone of future US policy, repudiating the Morgenthau Plan economic policies and giving Germans hope for the future.

1947

Marshall, GeorgeGeorge Marshall (2)
1880–1959
Appointed United States Secretary of State in 1947, Marshall was the architect of the Marshall Plan.

1948

Truman, Harry S.Harry S. Truman (2)
1884–1972
Truman was elected in his own right as President of the United States in 1948, considered to be one of the greatest election upsets in American history.[19][20][21]

1949

Churchill, WinstonWinston Churchill (2)
1874–1965
Proclaimed as the "Man of the half-century", Churchill had led Britain and the Allies to victory in WWII. In 1949, Churchill was Leader of the Opposition.

1950

American fighting !The American fighting-man

Representing U.S. troops involved in the Korean War (1950–1953).

1951

Mossadegh, MohammadMohammad Mossadegh
1882–1967
In 1951, Mossadegh was elected as Prime Minister of Iran and expelled western oil companies, starting the Abadan Crisis

1952

Elizabeth !Elizabeth II
Born in 1926
In 1952, Elizabeth acceded to the throne of the United Kingdom[a] upon the death of her father, King George VI

1953

Adenauer, KonradKonrad Adenauer
1876–1967
In 1953, Adenauer was re-elected as Chancellor of West Germany.

1954

Dulles, John FosterJohn Foster Dulles
1888–1959
As United States Secretary of State in 1954, Dulles was architect of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.

1955

Curtice, HarlowHarlow Curtice
1893–1962
Curtice was President of General Motors (GM) from 1953 to 1958. In 1955, GM sold five million vehicles and became the first corporation to earn US$1 billion in a single year.[22]

1956

Hungarian !The Hungarian freedom fighter

Representing Hungarian revolutionaries involved in the failed 1956 uprising.

1957

Khrushchev, NikitaNikita Khrushchev
1894–1971
In 1957, Khrushchev consolidated his leadership of the Soviet Union, surviving a plot to dismiss him by members of the Presidium, and leading the Soviet Union into the Space Race with the launch of Sputnik 1.

1958

de Gaulle, CharlesCharles de Gaulle
1890–1970
De Gaulle was appointed Prime Minister of France in May 1958 and, following the collapse of the Fourth Republic and establishment of the Fifth Republic, was then elected President of France in December.

1959

Eisenhower, Dwight D.Dwight D. Eisenhower (2)
1890–1969
Eisenhower was President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.

1960

Us Scientists !U.S. Scientists

Represented by George Beadle, Charles Draper, John Enders, Donald A. Glaser, Joshua Lederberg, Willard Libby, Linus Pauling, Edward Purcell, Isidor Rabi, Emilio Segrè, William Shockley, Edward Teller, Charles Townes, James Van Allen and Robert Woodward.

1961

Kennedy, John F.John F. Kennedy
1917–1963
Kennedy was inaugurated as President of the United States in 1961, ordering the failed invasion of Cuba by U.S.-trained Cuban exiles.

1962

John XXIII, PopePope John XXIII
1881–1963
John XXIII was head of the Roman Catholic Church from 1958 to 1963. In 1962, he volunteered as a mediator in the Cuban Missile Crisis, gaining praise from both sides. He also initiated the Second Vatican Council that same year.

1963

King Jr., Martin LutherMartin Luther King Jr.
1929–1968
A leader of the Civil Rights Movement, King delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963.

1964

Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson
1908–1973
Johnson was elected in his own right as President of the United States in 1964, before securing the passage of the Civil Rights Act, declaring a War on Poverty and escalating U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.

1965

Westmoreland, WilliamWilliam Westmoreland
1914–2005
General Westmoreland was commander of U.S. forces in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War.

1966

Inheritor !The Inheritor

Representing a generation of American men and women, aged 25 and under.

1967

Johnson, Lyndon B.Lyndon B. Johnson (2)
1908–1973
Johnson was President of the United States from 1963 to 1969.

1968

Apollo !The Apollo 8 astronauts

In 1968, the crew of Apollo 8 (William Anders, Frank Borman and Jim Lovell) became the first humans to travel beyond low Earth orbit, orbiting the Moon and paving the way for the first manned Moon landings in 1969.

1969

Middle America !The Middle Americans

Also referred to as the silent majority.[23]

1970

Brandt, WillyWilly Brandt
1913–1992
As Chancellor of West Germany, Brandt was acknowledged for "seeking to bring about a fresh relationship between East and West" through his "bold approach to the Soviet Union and the East Bloc".[24]

1971

Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon
1913–1994
Nixon was President of the United States from 1969 to 1974.

1972

Nixon, RichardRichard Nixon (2)
1913–1994
As President of the United States, Nixon visited China in 1972, the first U.S. President to do so. Nixon later secured the SALT I pact with the Soviet Union before being re-elected in one of the largest landslide election victories in American history

Kissinger, HenryHenry Kissinger
Born in 1923
Kissinger, as Nixon's National Security Advisor, travelled with the President to China in 1972.

1973

Sirica, JohnJohn Sirica
1904–1992
In 1973, as Chief Judge of the United States District Court for the District of Columbia, Sirica ordered President Nixon to turn over Watergate-related recordings of White House conversations.

1974

Faisal !King Faisal
1906–1975
Faisal, King of Saudi Arabia, was acknowledged in the wake of the oil crisis of 1973–1974, caused by Saudi Arabia withdrawing its oil from world markets in protest at Western support for Israel during the 1973 Arab-Israeli War.

1975

American women !American women

Represented by Susan Brownmiller, Kathleen Byerly, Alison Cheek, Jill Conway, Betty Ford, Ella Grasso, Carla Hills, Barbara Jordan, Billie Jean King, Carol Sutton, Susie Sharp, and Addie Wyatt.

1976

Carter, JimmyJimmy Carter
Born in 1924
In 1976, Carter was elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent President Gerald Ford.

1977

Sadat, AnwarAnwar Sadat
1918–1981
Sadat, as President of Egypt, traveled to Israel in 1977—the first Arab leader to do so—to discuss normalization of Egypt-Israel relations.

1978

Xiaoping, DengDeng Xiaoping
1904–1997
China's Vice Premier. Deng overthrew Hua Guofeng to assume de facto control over China in 1978, as Paramount Leader.

1979

Khomeini, RuhollahRuhollah Khomeini
1902–1989
Khomeini led the 1979 Iranian Revolution, establishing himself as Supreme Leader.

1980

Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan
1911–2004
Reagan was elected President of the United States in 1980, defeating incumbent President Jimmy Carter.

1981

Wałęsa, LechLech Wałęsa
Born in 1943
Leader of the Polish Solidarity trade union and architect of the Gdańsk Agreement until his arrest and the imposition of martial law in December 1981.

1982

Computer !The Computer

Denoted "Machine of the Year" to herald the dawn of the Information Age.

1983

Reagan, RonaldRonald Reagan (2)
1911–2004
In 1983, as President of the United States, Reagan ordered the invasion of Grenada and championed the Strategic Defense Initiative.

Andropov, YuriYuri Andropov
1914–1984
Andropov, as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, was a strong critic of the Strategic Defense Initiative. Andropov was hospitalized in August 1983 and subsequently died in 1984.

1984

Ueberroth, PeterPeter Ueberroth
Born in 1937
Ueberroth orchestrated the organization of the 1984 Summer Olympics, which involved a Soviet-led boycott.

1985

Xiaoping, DengDeng Xiaoping (2)
1904–1997
As Paramount Leader of China, Deng was acknowledged for "sweeping economic reforms that have challenged Marxist orthodoxies".[25]

1986

Aquino, CorazonCorazon Aquino
1933–2009
Aquino was a prominent figure in 1986's People Power Revolution, being elected President of the Philippines.

1987

Gorbachev, MikhailMikhail Gorbachev
Born in 1931
As General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and leader of the Soviet Union, Gorbachev oversaw Perestroika political reforms in 1987.

1988

Endangered !The Endangered Earth

Planet of the Year, involving an aspect of Mother Nature.

1989

Gorbachev, MikhailMikhail Gorbachev (2)
Born in 1931
Acknowledged as "Man of the Decade". Gorbachev, as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (Soviet leader), oversaw 1989's first free Soviet elections before the fragmentation of the Eastern Bloc.

1990

Bush, George H. W.George H. W. Bush
Born in 1924
As President of the United States, Bush oversaw U.S. involvement in the Gulf War (1990–1991).

1991

Turner, TedTed Turner
Born in 1938
Founder of CNN. The piece particularly highlighted CNN's coverage of Operation Desert Storm and the Gulf War, proclaiming it "History as it happens".

1992

Clinton, BillBill Clinton
Born in 1946
Clinton was elected President of the United States in 1992, defeating incumbent President George H. W. Bush.

1993

Peacemakers !The Peacemakers

Represented by Yasser Arafat, F. W. de Klerk, Nelson Mandela, and Yitzhak Rabin.
De Klerk, as State President of South Africa, oversaw Mandela's release from prison in 1990. The pair worked together to end the Apartheid system.
Arafat, as President of the Palestinian National Authority, and Rabin, as Prime Minister of Israel, signed the 1993 Oslo Accord, the first face-to-face agreement between Palestinian and Israeli authorities.

1994

John Paul II, PopePope John Paul II
1920–2005
Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1978 to 2005.

1995

Gingrich, NewtNewt Gingrich
Born in 1943
Leader of the "Republican Revolution", a Republican party election landslide, which led to Gingrich being elected Speaker of the House.

1996

Ho, DavidDavid Ho
Born in 1952
Ho, a scientist, pioneered much AIDS research.

1997

Grove, AndrewAndrew Grove
1936–2016
In 1997, Grove was Chairman and CEO of Intel, recognized as a pioneer in the semiconductor industry.

1998

Clinton, BillBill Clinton (2)
Born in 1946
As President of the United States, Clinton was impeached in 1998 following the Lewinsky scandal. The Senate acquitted him of the charges.

Starr, KenKen Starr
Born in 1946
Starr, a lawyer investigating various figures within the Clinton administration, published his Starr Report in 1998, opening the door for the impeachment of Bill Clinton.

1999

Bezos, JeffJeff Bezos
Born in 1964
Bezos is founder and CEO of Amazon.com.

2000

Bush, George W.George W. Bush
Born in 1946
In 2000, Bush was elected President of the United States, defeating incumbent Vice President Al Gore.

2001

Giuliani, RudyRudy Giuliani
Born in 1944
Giuliani was Mayor of New York City at the time of the September 11 attacks in 2001, was selected as a symbol of America's response to the attacks.

2002

Whistleblowers !The Whistleblowers

Represented by Cynthia Cooper, Coleen Rowley and Sherron Watkins.
In 2001, Watkins uncovered accounting irregularities in the financial reports of Enron, testifying before Congressional committees the following year. In 2002, Cooper exposed a $3.8 billion fraud at WorldCom. At the time, this was the largest incident of accounting fraud in U.S. history. In 2002, Rowley, an FBI agent, gave testimony about the FBI's mishandling of information related to the September 11 attacks of 2001.

2003

American soldier !The American soldier (2)

Representing U.S. forces around the world, especially in the Iraq War (2003–2011).

2004

Bush, George W.George W. Bush (2)
Born in 1946
In 2004, Bush was re-elected President of the United States, overseeing U.S. involvement in the Iraq War.

2005

Good Samaritans !The Good Samaritans

Represented by Bono, Bill Gates and Melinda Gates.
Bono, philanthropist and member of the rock band U2, helped to organise the 2005 Live 8 concerts. Bill Gates, founder of Microsoft and richest person in the world, and his wife Melinda, founded the philanthropic Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

2006

You !You[10]

Representing individual content creators on the World Wide Web.

4 runners-up[show]

Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Hu Jintao
Kim Jong-il
James Baker
[26]

2007

Putin, VladimirVladimir Putin[27]
Born in 1952
In 2007, Putin was serving as President of Russia.

4 runners-up[show]

Al Gore
J. K. Rowling
Hu Jintao
David Petraeus
[28]

2008

Obama, BarackBarack Obama[29]
Born in 1961
In 2008, Obama was elected President of the United States, defeating John McCain.

4 runners-up[show]

Henry Paulson
Nicolas Sarkozy
Sarah Palin
Zhang Yimou
[30]

2009

Bernanke, BenBen Bernanke[31]
Born in 1953
Chairman of the Federal Reserve during the Financial crisis of 2007–08.

4 runners-up[show]

Stanley McChrystal
The Chinese Worker
Nancy Pelosi
Usain Bolt
[32]

2010

Zuckerberg, MarkMark Zuckerberg[33]
Born in 1984
Founder of social-networking website Facebook.

4 runners-up[show]

The Tea Party
Hamid Karzai
Julian Assange
The Chilean Miners
[34]

2011

Protester !The Protester[35]

Representing many global protest movements — for example, the Arab Spring, the Indignants Movement, the Occupy Movement and the Tea Party movement — as well as protests in Chile, Greece, India and Russia among others.

4 runners-up[show]

William McRaven
Ai Weiwei
Paul Ryan
Kate Middleton
[36]

2012

Obama, BarackBarack Obama (2)[37]
Born in 1961
In 2012, Obama was re-elected President of the United States, defeating Mitt Romney.

8 runners-up[show]

Marissa Mayer
Mohammed Morsi
Undocumented Americans
Bill and Hillary Clinton
Malala Yousafzai
Tim Cook
The Higgs boson
Fabiola Gianotti
[38]

2013

Francis, PopePope Francis[39]
Born in 1936
Elected head of the Roman Catholic Church in 2013, following the resignation of Pope Benedict XVI.

9 runners-up[show]

Bashar Assad
Jeff Bezos
Ted Cruz
Miley Cyrus
Barack Obama
Hassan Rouhani
Kathleen Sebelius
Edward Snowden
Edith Windsor
[40]

2014

Ebola !Ebola fighters[41]

"Ebola fighters" refers to health care workers who helped stop the spread of Ebola virus disease during the Ebola virus epidemic in West Africa, including not only doctors and nurses, but also ambulance attendants, burial parties and others.[42]
Represented on the covers by Dr. Jerry Brown, the medical director at the Eternal Love Winning Africa Hospital in Monrovia, Liberia,[43][44] Dr. Kent Brantly, a physician with Samaritan's Purse and the first American to be infected in the 2014 outbreak,[44][45] Ella Watson-Stryker, a health promoter for Doctors Without Borders who is originally from the United States,[44][46] Foday Gallah, an ambulance supervisor and Ebola survivor from Monrovia, Liberia,[44][47] and Salome Karwah, a trainee nurse and counselor from Liberia whose parents died of Ebola,[44][48] as well as others mentioned in the article itself, such as Dr. Pardis Sabeti from the Broad Institute.

7 runners-up[show]

The Ferguson protesters
Vladimir Putin
Taylor Swift
Jack Ma
Tim Cook
Masoud Barzani
Roger Goodell
[49]

2015

Merkel, AngelaAngela Merkel
Born in 1954
Chancellor of Germany since 2005, recognized for leadership in the Greek debt crisis and European migrant crisis.[50]

7 runners-up[show]

Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi
Black Lives Matter activists
Caitlyn Jenner
Travis Kalanick
Vladimir Putin
Hassan Rouhani
Donald Trump
[51]

2016

Trump, DonaldDonald Trump
Born in 1946
In 2016, Trump was elected President of the United States, defeating Hillary Clinton.

10 runners-up[show]

Simone Biles
Hillary Clinton
CRISPR scientists
Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
Nigel Farage
The Flint Whistleblowers
Beyoncé Knowles
Narendra Modi
Vladimir Putin
Mark Zuckerberg
[52]

2017

Silence Breakers !The Silence Breakers

The people who spoke out against sexual abuse and harassment, including the figureheads of the Me Too movement. Represented on the cover by strawberry picker Isabel Pascual (pseudonym), lobbyist Adama Iwu, actress Ashley Judd, software engineer Susan Fowler, singer-songwriter Taylor Swift, and a sixth woman, a hospital worker who wished to remain anonymous and whose face cannot be seen. The feature also specifically spotlights, in order, actress Alyssa Milano, activist Tarana Burke, actress Selma Blair, the seven plaintiffs in a lawsuit against the Plaza Hotel, politician Sara Gelser, entrepreneur Lindsay Meyer, dishwasher Sandra Pezqueda, actress Rose McGowan, psychotherapist and writer Wendy Walsh, blogger Lindsey Reynolds, housekeeper Juana Melara, journalist Sandra Muller, actor Terry Crews, University of Rochester professors Celeste Kidd and Jessica Cantlon, journalist Megyn Kelly, journalist Jane Merrick, producer Zelda Perkins, European Parliament member Terry Reintke, charity worker Bex Bailey, art curator Amanda Schmitt, filmmaker Blaise Godbe Lipman, and an anonymous former office assistant. [53][54]

6 runners-up[show]

Donald Trump[b]
Xi Jinping
Robert Mueller
Kim Jong-un
Colin Kaepernick
Patty Jenkins
[56]


document_title: Snow in Florida

question_text: when's the last time florida got snow

question_tokens: when 's the last time florida got snow

root

text: Snow in Florida

text: Events[edit]

text: Due to larger populations and more advanced communication networks, snow events are witnessed and reported much more frequently in recent years than in historical eras. Interpretations of this timeline must therefore be made with caution, as observed patterns may not reflect actual climate-related trends in annual snowfall but rather improved reporting.

tag: p

text:
December 19, 1765: A "white frost" fell in the northern part of the British colony of East Florida "of short duration, and of no material detriment to the agricultural interests."[7]
1774: A snowstorm extended across much of the territory. The affected residents spoke of it as an "extraordinary white rain."[1][8]
January 10/11, 1800: Land surveyor Andrew Ellicott erected an observatory at Point Peter, a location near the mouth of Saint Marys River, now in the far southeast side of the City of St. Marys, Georgia. After recording a sunrise temperature of 37 °F (3 °C), he observed "snow and hail the whole day" until 10 pm. The temperature then fell below freezing, the wind shifted to northwesterly, and the skies cleared at midnight. At sunrise the morning of January 11, he reported snow 5 inches (130 mm) deep and a temperature of 28 °F (−2 °C).[2][9] This snowstorm perhaps extended from Louisiana to Georgia.[10]
January 13, 1852: Snow fell all morning, accumulating to 0.5 inches (13 mm) at Jacksonville.[1]
February 28, 1855: A few flakes of snow fell at Jacksonville.[1]
January 29, 1868: Light sleet fell during the night at Jacksonville.[1]
February 28, 1869: During the morning, snow flurries fell at Jacksonville.[1]
January 10, 1873: At 7:25 am, a few snowflakes fell at Jacksonville.[1]
February 4/5, 1875: Between midnight and sunrise on both dates, light sleet occurred.[1]
December 1, 1876: According to the observer at Punta Rassa, Florida, snow fell for 5 minutes on the morning of December 1.[11]
January 4/5, 1879: At Jacksonville at 7 pm, sleet began, which turned to rain 90 minutes later. The freezing rain covered trees, shrubbery, and everything else outdoors by morning. The weight of the ice broke the limbs of many orange trees.[1] At Fernandina, snow occurred.[12]
December 5, 1886: At Pensacola, following a heavy rain and wind storm, light snow fell from 4:25 pm to 8:20 pm, accumulating to 1.5 inches (38 mm).[13]
January 5, 1887: 1 inch (25 mm) of snow fell at Pensacola,[14] and sleet fell elsewhere in the state.[15]
January 14, 1892: 0.4 inches (10 mm) of snow was reported at Pensacola.[14] The first snowfall of the season occurred at Fort Barrancas. Monthly snowfall totaled 0.5 inches (13 mm) at Pensacola.[16]
January 17, 1892: At 10:30 am, sleet fell for a few minutes only at Madison, Florida.[17]
February 14, 1892: Pensacola reported 3 inches (76 mm) of snow.[18]
December 26/27, 1892: On both days, precipitation fell as sleet and snow at Pensacola. On December 26, sleet also occurred at Cerro Gordo, Florida, and slight trace of snow fell at Tallahassee. On December 27, a slight trace fell at Moseley Hall, Madison County, Florida.[19] At intervals during daytime on December 27, light snow flurries occurred at Jacksonville.[1]
January 16–19, 1893: On January 16, snow occurred at Palatka. On January 17, sleet fell at Oxford, and at Pensacola. Shortly after midnight on January 18, sleet began in the city of Jacksonville and then turned to snow and then to rain.[1] That day, sleet also fell at Moseley Hall, Pensacola, and Tallahassee, and snow occurred at Lawtey. On January 18 and 19, sleet fell at Bristol.
December 29, 1894: Brooksville reported snowfall from 9 am to 11 am, and a few flakes fell at Mosquito Lagoon near Oak Hill, Florida. The press reported snow at towns in middle and west Florida. The temperature morning fell to lows unprecedented in decades, and this freeze destroyed 2 million to 3 million boxes of not yet gathered oranges, severely damaged pineapple plants, and killed or destroyed almost all other fruits and vegetables.[20]
February 14, 1895: From 6:22 pm to 6:27 pm, light sleet fell at Jacksonville, followed by light snow until 6:32 pm. At 7:20 pm, light snow resumed until 8 pm.[1] Snow also fell at Tampa, and at Pensacola, snow reportedly reached depths allowing for sleighing.[21]
February 12/13, 1899: At 9:45 pm, rain changed to sleet at Jacksonville. Sleet then changed to snow at 10:15 pm and continued through the night, accumulating to 2 inches (51 mm) before sunrise at 7 am as the temperature plunged to 10 °F (−12 °C).[1] The accumulation reached 4 inches (100 mm) at Lake Butler.[18] In sheltered locations, the snow melted only several days later.[1] This Great Blizzard of 1899 also affected much of the rest of the American South.

tag: ul

text: 20th century (21 reported events)[edit]

text:
December 16, 1901: At 1 pm, light snow fell at Jacksonville; at intervals through the afternoon, sleet followed.[1]
February 7, 1907: During the afternoon, a light snow flurry occurred "in the immediate vicinity" of the city of Jacksonville.[1]
November 27, 1912: An overnight period of snow covers the ground and trees with a 0.5-inch (13 mm) layer in northern Florida.[22]
January 22/23, 1935: Snow falls until the next morning, with Pensacola recording 1 inch (25 mm).[14]
February 8/9, 1947: A cold wave entering from Canada, accompanied by winds of up to 80 miles per hour (130 km/h; 36 m/s), causes snow as far south as Clearwater.[23]
February 2/3, 1951: Snowfall accumulates to 2.0 inches (51 mm) at Saint Augustine and Crescent City.[18]
December 14, 1952: Sleet and snow falls across the northern portion of the state, though there is very little accumulation.[24]
December 14, 1953: Light sleet occurs in the morning in Marianna.[24]
March 6, 1954: 4 in (100 mm) of snow accumulates at Milton Experimental Station, Santa Rosa County, within a 24-hour period, the highest such total for Florida according to official modern records.[25]
March 28, 1955: Snowfall accumulates to 1 inch (25 mm) in Marianna along the Florida Panhandle.[26]
February 13, 1958: An overnight rainfall changes to snowfall in Jacksonville and accumulates to 1.5 inches (38 mm).[2] Additionally, Tallahassee reports a record 2.8 inches (71 mm).[18]
February 9, 1973: Snow falls over the northern portion of the state, including a total of 2.0 inches (51 mm) in Pensacola, with unofficial reports of up to 8 inches (200 mm).[18]
January 18, 1977: The pressure gradient between a strong ridge over the Mississippi Valley and a Nor'easter over Atlantic Canada sends very cold temperatures southward into the state. Areas around Pensacola are the first to receive the snow, then the rest of The Panhandle. Followed by record accumulations for The Nature Coast, the I-4 corridor (both Orlando and Tampa (one tenth to a quarter inch) receive light accumulations of 1 inch (25 mm) to 2 inches (51 mm) with a few isolated spots reportedly receiving 3 inches (76 mm) to 6 inches (150 mm)), and finally South Florida. By early morning before sunrise on January 19, West Palm Beach reported snow for the first time on record, with snow flurries reaching as far south as Homestead. The snow causes little impact as it was of the dry variety, though the accompanying cold air results in hundreds of millions of dollars in damage (Orlando tied the 1899 record of over six consecutive nights well-below freezing). On January 20, The Miami Herald reports the event as the front-page story, with a headline of a size usually reserved for the declaration of war.[27]
Late January 1977: Pensacola receives snowfall.[27]
March 2, 1980: About 0.25 inches (6.4 mm) of snow covers car tops and patio furniture in Jacksonville.[2]
March 1, 1986: 0.5 inches (13 mm) of snow accumulates overnight in Jacksonville before melting within 30 minutes due to the morning sun.[2]
December 23/24, 1989: Light rain in Jacksonville turns to freezing rain as temperatures drop, and later changes to snow. The snow totals several inches in some locations, and results in the first White Christmas in the city's history.[2]

Picture of the December 23, 1989, Jacksonville snowfall

Light snow falls across central Florida as far south as southern Pinellas County on the 23rd, though the official weather station in St. Petersburg experiences only a light sleet.[28][29]
March 12, 1993: The 1993 Storm of the Century produces up to 4 inches (100 mm) of snow along the Florida Panhandle.[30]
January 8, 1996: Snow flurries are reported from Crystal River to New Port Richey with no accumulation.[31]
December 18, 1996: A plume of cold air causes snow to form in the northwestern portion of Escambia County.[32]

text: 21st century (19 reported events)[edit]

text:
January 24, 2003: A plume of Arctic air produces widespread record low temperatures and light snow flurries along the eastern coastline. The snow is described as ocean-effect snow, identical to lake effect snow in that it occurs due to very cold air passing over relatively warm water temperatures. The snow reaches as far south as Fort Pierce.[33]
December 25, 2004: Locations along the Florida Panhandle receive a dusting of snow.[34]
November 21, 2006: An eastward-moving weather system produces a very light dusting and snowflakes in central Florida. It is the first snow in November in the state since 1912.[34]
February 3, 2007: Very light snow flurries are reported in the northeastern panhandle, lasting less than an hour.[35]
January 3, 2008: Light snow flurries are reported near Daytona Beach.[36]
January 8/9, 2010: Very light dusting of snow seen in the eastern Jacksonville area. Light snow also fell in parts of central Florida, which briefly accumulated in Ocala and other parts of Marion County. A "wintry mix" of sleet and freezing rain was widespread, with reports of light snow across central Florida from Tampa to Orlando to Melbourne.[37] Isolated flurries were even reported from West Palm Beach to as far south as Kendall and sleet in a few spots in the South Florida metropolitan area for only the second time in recorded history and first time since 1977.[38]
February 12, 2010: Portions of northwestern Florida experience snowfall totals of around 1 in (25 mm).[39]
February 14, 2010: 0.5 inches (13 mm) of snow fell across the northern halves of Escambia, Santa Rosa, Walton and Okaloosa Counties.[40]
December 8, 2010: Snow mixed with rain is reported in western parts of the panhandle, north of Pensacola.[41]
December 26, 2010: A mix of snow and sleet was reported in Jacksonville by the National Weather Service.[42]
December 28, 2010: Light snow was reported at Tampa Executive Airport in eastern Hillsborough County at 01:00 and 05:00 local time, following a rare freezing fog event around midnight.[43]
January 9, 2011: Sleet is reported in the Pensacola area, as well as other places in Escambia and Santa Rosa counties. There was no accumulation.[44]
March 3, 2013: Snow flurries were reported in the Panhandle, specifically around Panama City Beach
January 24–25, 2014: Sleet and light snow are reported in Escambia, Santa Rosa, and Okaloosa counties.[45] Very light sleet is reported at a few locations around Jacksonville.[46]

Snowfall forecast for 28–29 January 2014, predicting over 1 inch of snow in northwest Florida.

January 28–29, 2014: A major winter storm event resulted in a mixture of freezing rain (with ice accumulation), sleet, and snow across most of the Panhandle between the afternoon of the 28th and morning of the 29th. Due to dangerous ice accumulation, the Florida Highway Patrol and FDOT closed several bridges in the Panhandle and advised against non-essential travel.[47] Many state and local government offices were closed around mid-day on the 28th.[48] In Santa Rosa county, officials cautioned that ice-laden tree limbs were hanging low enough to hit vehicles.[49] Between 1 and 9:30 PM on the 28th, 21,633 Gulf Power customers lost power at some point.[50] At 2 PM EST on January 28, Pensacola was 31 °F (−1 °C) with freezing rain while Immokalee, near Fort Myers, was 86 °F (30 °C). Pensacola received 1.8 inches (46 mm) of snow on January 28.[51] On January 29, the Florida Highway Patrol closed nearly 200 miles (320 km) of Interstate 10 from the Florida-Alabama state line to Gadsden County, directing resources and traffic to U.S. 90.[52] Pensacola International Airport closed at 9:17 PM January 28 and was not scheduled to reopen until late on the 29th.[53]
January 8, 2015: Snow flurries are reported in various locations around Jacksonville. The event is attributed to ocean-effect snow.[54][55]
January 22–23, 2016: Snow flurries are reported along the Florida Panhandle, as far east as the Jacksonville area,[56] and as far south as the Gainesville area.[57]
December 8–9, 2017: Snow falls in various locations in the western Florida Panhandle. Northern Escambia County saw up to 2 inches (51 mm) of snow while Century saw 0.5 inches (13 mm) of snow. Snow flurries were reported in Destin and Miramar Beach.[58]
January 2–3, 2018: A winter storm resulted in snow and a wintry mix (freezing rain, sleet, and ice) across northern Florida from Tallahassee to the outskirts of Jacksonville and as far south as Gainesville, with temperatures in the 20s and dewpoints in the teens in the morning.[59] A winter storm warning was in effect on the morning of January 3 for Nassau, Baker, Union, Columbia, Gilchrist, Suwanee, Hamilton, Lafayette, Madison, Taylor, Jefferson, and Leon Counties,[60][61] prompting several school districts to cancel classes on January 3.[62] Tallahassee received 0.10-0.20 in of snow, which was the first measurable snowfall in the city since December 1989 (it sees flurries every few years).[63][64][65] The Tallahassee snowfall followed a couple hours of freezing rain.[63] The Florida Highway Patrol closed Interstate 10 from Tallahassee to Madison for most of the morning of January 3 as well as several bridges in North-Central Florida that had accumulated a dangerous amount of ice.[66][62] Recorded ice accumulations included 0.25 in in Hilliard and Lake City and 0.10 in in Perry.[67]


document_title: List of Good Behavior episodes

question_text: how many episodes of good behavior season 2 are there

text: List of Good Behavior episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
10
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)

2
10
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
December 17, 2017 (2017-12-17)

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"So You're Not an English Teacher"
Charlotte Sieling
Chad Hodge & Blake Crouch
November 13, 2016 (2016-11-13) (preview)
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15) (premiere)
0.57[2] (preview)
0.81[3] (premiere)

Released from prison on good behavior, thief and con-artist Letty Raines overhears a hitman planning a hit and attempts to thwart his plan.

2
2
"Only The Best For Mrs. Diaz"
Carl Franklin
Chad Hodge
November 15, 2016 (2016-11-15)
0.75[3]

Javier forces Letty to accompany him on his next hit, playing the role of his wife at an exclusive hotel.

3
3
"From Terrible Me"
Magnus Martens
Chad Hodge
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22)
0.64[4]

Letty and Javier deal with the occurrences of the last episode, blaming each other for the way the hit played out and attempting to cover their tracks.

4
4
"Your Mama Had a Hard Night"
Mark Piznarski
Blake Crouch
November 22, 2016 (2016-11-22) (preview)
November 29, 2016 (2016-11-29) (premiere)
0.50[4] (preview)
0.52[5] (premiere)

Letty returns to her hometown in an attempt to spend time with her son Jacob, despite the restraining order against her.

5
5
"Beautiful Things Deserve Beautiful Things"
Mikkel Nørgaard
Chad Hodge
December 6, 2016 (2016-12-06)
0.71[6]

Letty reunites with Javier on the road. Later, while Javier visits his sister, Letty is surprised by a visit from her parole officer Christian.

6
6
"We Pretend We're Stuck"
Jonas Pate
Chitra Elizabeth Sampath
December 13, 2016 (2016-12-13)
0.68[7]

Letty and Javier return to Letty's hometown and spend a problem-filled day with Jacob.

7
7
"The Ballad of Little Santino"
Phil Abraham
Brett Johnson
December 20, 2016 (2016-12-20)
0.92[8]

Letty and Javier have dinner with his family. Letty learns a shocking and tragic secret from Javier's youth.

8
8
"It Still Fits Bitch"
Mark Piznarski
Dana Baratta
December 27, 2016 (2016-12-27)
0.91[9]

Letty bails her mother out of jail - on the day her mother was supposed to be getting married. Letty is shocked when Jacob's father Sean returns.

9
9
"For You I'd Go with Strawberry"
Mikkel Nørgaard
Lenore Zion
January 3, 2017 (2017-01-03)
0.83[10]

Letty deals with the possibility of Sean getting custody of Jacob, the stress of which causes problems between her and Javier.

10
10
"All the Things"
Magnus Martens
Blake Crouch & Sarah Berry
January 10, 2017 (2017-01-10)
0.90[11]

Letty has to make a difficult choice - one which puts Javier at risk of prison, unless she can get to him before it's too late.

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

11
1
"The Heart Attack is the Best Way"
Mikkel Nørgaard
Chad Hodge
October 15, 2017 (2017-10-15)
0.69[12]

12
2
"I Want You to Leave a Person Alive for Once"
Magnus Martens
Chitra Elizabeth Sampath
October 22, 2017 (2017-10-22)
0.56[13]

13
3
"Because I'm Mrs. Claus"
Clare Kilner
Chad Hodge
October 29, 2017 (2017-10-29)
0.50[14]

14
4
"I Think It's A Sign"
Mikkel Nørgaard
Brett Johnson
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05)
0.53[15]

15
5
"You Could Discover Me"
Jessica Lowrey
Chitra Elizabeth Sampath
November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12)
0.62[16]

16
6
"It's No Fun If It's Easy"
Coky Giedroyc
Dana Baratta
November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19)
0.54[17]

17
7
"Don't Thank God, Thank Me"
Louise Friedberg
Aaron Fullerton
November 26, 2017 (2017-11-26)
0.57[18]

18
8
"Stay Beautiful"
Mikkel Nørgaard
Lenore Zion
December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03)
0.54[19]

19
9
"And I Am A Violent Criminal"
Doc Crotzer
Lenore Zion & Sarah Berry
December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10)
0.68[20]

20
10
"Letty Raines, In The Mansion, With The Gun"
Magnus Martens
Story by : Chad Hodge
Teleplay by : Aaron Fullerton & Joshua Karns
December 17, 2017 (2017-12-17)
0.72[21]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: Season 1 (2016–17)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)

1
"So You're Not an English Teacher"
November 15, 2016
0.2
0.81[3]

2
"Only The Best For Mrs. Diaz"
November 15, 2016
0.2
0.75[3]

3
"From Terrible Me"
November 22, 2016
0.2
0.64[4]

4
"Your Mama Had a Hard Night"
November 29, 2016
0.2
0.52[5]

5
"Beautiful Things Deserve Beautiful Things"
December 6, 2016
0.2
0.71[6]

6
"We Pretend We're Stuck"
December 13, 2016
0.2
0.68[7]

7
"The Ballad of Little Santino"
December 20, 2016
0.2
0.92[8]

8
"It Still Fits Bitch"
December 27, 2016
0.2
0.91[9]

9
"For You I'd Go With Strawberry"
January 3, 2017
0.2
0.83[10]

10
"All the Things"
January 10, 2017
0.2
0.90[11]

text: Season 2 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"The Heart Attack is the Best Way"
October 15, 2017
0.2
0.69[12]
0.2
0.73
0.4
1.42[22]

2
"I Want You to Leave a Person Alive for Once"
October 22, 2017
0.2
0.56[13]
N/A
0.68
N/A
1.24[23]

3
"Because I'm Mrs. Claus"
October 29, 2017
0.1
0.50[14]
0.2
0.70
0.3
1.20[24]

4
"I Think It's A Sign"
November 5, 2017
0.1
0.53[15]
0.2
0.72
0.3
1.24[25]

5
"You Could Discover Me"
November 12, 2017
0.2
0.62[16]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

6
"It's No Fun If It's Easy"
November 19, 2017
0.1
0.54[17]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

7
"Don't Thank God, Thank Me"
November 26, 2017
0.2
0.57[18]
N/A
0.73
N/A
1.30[26]

8
"Stay Beautiful"
December 3, 2017
0.1
0.54[19]
0.2
0.69
0.3
1.23[27]

9
"And I'm A Violent Criminal"
December 10, 2017
0.2
0.68[20]
N/A
0.70
N/A
1.38[28]

10
"Letty Raines, In The Mansion, With The Gun"
December 17, 2017
0.2
0.72[21]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A


document_title: England national football team

question_text: who is number 10 for england football team

question_tokens: who is number 10 for england football team

text: England national football team

text: History

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: This article or section appears to be slanted towards recent events. Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. (January 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The England national football team is the joint-oldest in the world; it was formed at the same time as Scotland. A representative match between England and Scotland was played on 5 March 1870, having been organised by the Football Association. A return fixture was organised by representatives of Scottish football teams on 30 November 1872.

text: This match, played at Hamilton Crescent in Scotland, is viewed as the first official international football match, because the two teams were independently selected and operated, rather than being the work of a single football association.[3] Over the next forty years, England played exclusively with the other three Home Nations—Scotland, Wales and Ireland—in the British Home Championship.

text: At first, England had no permanent home stadium. They joined FIFA in 1906 and played their first ever games against countries other than the Home Nations on a tour of Central Europe in 1908. Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground. The relationship between England and FIFA became strained, and this resulted in their departure from FIFA in 1928, before they rejoined in 1946. As a result, they did not compete in a World Cup until 1950, in which they were beaten in a 1–0 defeat by the United States, failing to get past the first round in one of the most embarrassing defeats in the team's history.[4]

text: Their first ever defeat on home soil to a foreign team was a 0–2 loss to the Republic of Ireland, on 21 September 1949 at Goodison Park. A 6–3 loss in 1953 to Hungary, was their second defeat by a foreign team at Wembley. In the return match in Budapest, Hungary won 7–1. This stands as England's largest ever defeat. After the game, a bewildered Syd Owen said, "it was like playing men from outer space".[5] In the 1954 FIFA World Cup, England reached the quarter-finals for the first time, and lost 4–2 to reigning champions Uruguay.

text: Although Walter Winterbottom was appointed as England's first ever full-time manager in 1946, the team was still picked by a committee until Alf Ramsey took over in 1963. The 1966 FIFA World Cup was hosted in England and Ramsey guided England to victory with a 4–2 win against West Germany after extra time in the final, during which Geoff Hurst famously scored a hat-trick. In UEFA Euro 1968, the team reached the semi-finals for the first time, being eliminated by Yugoslavia.

text: England qualified for the 1970 FIFA World Cup in Mexico as reigning champions, and reached the quarter-finals, where they were knocked out by West Germany. England had been 2–0 up, but were eventually beaten 3–2 after extra time. They failed in qualification for the 1974, leading to Ramsey's dismissal, and 1978 FIFA World Cups. Under Ron Greenwood, they managed to qualify for the 1982 FIFA World Cup in Spain (the first time competitively since 1962); despite not losing a game, they were eliminated in the second group stage.

text: The team under Bobby Robson fared better as England reached the quarter-finals of the 1986 FIFA World Cup, losing 2–1 to Argentina in a game made famous by two goals by Maradona for very contrasting reasons, before losing every match in UEFA Euro 1988. They next went on to achieve their second best result in the 1990 FIFA World Cup by finishing fourth – losing again to West Germany in a semi-final finishing 1–1 after extra time, then 3–4 in England's first penalty shoot-out.

text: Despite losing to Italy in the third place play-off, the members of the England team were given bronze medals identical to the Italians’. The England team of 1990 were welcomed home as heroes and thousands of people lined the streets, for a spectacular open-top bus parade. However, the team did not win any matches in UEFA Euro 1992, drawing with tournament winners Denmark, and later with France, before being eliminated by host nation Sweden.

text: The 1990s saw four England managers, each in the role for a relatively brief period. Graham Taylor was Robson's successor, but resigned after England failed to qualify for the 1994 FIFA World Cup. At UEFA Euro 1996, held in England, Terry Venables led England, equalling their best performance at a European Championship, reaching the semi-finals as they did in 1968.

text: He resigned following investigations into his financial activities.[6] His successor, Glenn Hoddle, similarly left the job for non-footballing reasons after just one international tournament – the 1998 FIFA World Cup — in which England were eliminated in the second round again by Argentina and again on penalties (after a 2–2 draw). Following Hoddle's departure, Kevin Keegan took England to UEFA Euro 2000, but performances were disappointing and he resigned shortly afterwards.

text: Sven-Göran Eriksson took charge of the team between 2001 and 2006, and was the first non-English manager of England. He guided England to the quarter-finals of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, UEFA Euro 2004, and the 2006 FIFA World Cup. England lost only five competitive matches during the Swede's tenure, and England rose to number four in the world ranking under his guidance. Eriksson's contract was extended by the Football Association by two years, to include UEFA Euro 2008. However, it was terminated by them at the 2006 World Cup's conclusion.

text: Steve McClaren was then appointed as head coach, and was sacked unanimously by The Football Association on 22 November 2007, after failing to get the team to Euro 2008. The following month, he was replaced by a second foreign manager, Italian Fabio Capello, whose experience included stints at Juventus and Real Madrid.

text: England won all but one of their qualifying games for the 2010 FIFA World Cup, but at the tournament itself, England drew their opening two games; this led to questions about the team's spirit, tactics and ability to handle pressure.[7] They progressed to the next round, however, where they were beaten 4–1 by Germany, their heaviest defeat in a World Cup finals tournament match.

text: In February 2012, Capello resigned from his role as England manager, following a disagreement with the FA over their request to remove John Terry from team captaincy after accusations of racial abuse concerning the player.[8] Following this, there was media speculation that Harry Redknapp would take the job. However, on 1 May 2012, Roy Hodgson was announced as the new manager, just six weeks before UEFA Euro 2012.[9] England managed to finish top of their group, winning two and drawing one of their fixtures, but exited the Championships in the quarter-finals via a penalty shoot-out, this time to Italy.[10]

text: In the 2014 FIFA World Cup, England were eliminated at the group stage for the first time since the 1958 World Cup, and the first time at a major tournament since Euro 2000.[11] England's points total of one from three matches was its worst ever in the World Cup, obtaining one point from drawing against Costa Rica in their last match.[12] England qualified for UEFA Euro 2016, with 10 wins from 10 qualifying matches,[13] but were ultimately eliminated in the Round of 16, losing 2–1 to Iceland.[14] Hodgson resigned as manager immediately,[15] and just under a month later was replaced by Sam Allardyce.[16] After only 67 days Allardyce resigned from his managerial post by mutual agreement, after alleged breach of rules of the FA, making him the shortest serving permanent England manager. However, because his sole game as England manager was a 1–0 victory against Slovakia, he left the job with a 100% win rate, the best any England manager in history has ever had.[17]

text: That same day, 27 September 2016, Gareth Southgate left his role as manager for the England under-21 team and was put in temporary charge of the national team until 15 November that year.[18] On 30 November 2016, Southgate was appointed as permanent England manager on a four-year contract.[19]

text: Team image

text: Colours

text: England's traditional home colours are white shirts, navy blue shorts and white or black socks. The team has periodically worn an all-white kit.

text: Although England's first away kits were blue, England's traditional away colours are red shirts, white shorts and red socks. In 1996, England's away kit was changed to grey shirts, shorts and socks. This kit was only worn three times, including against Germany in the semi-final of Euro 1996 but the deviation from the traditional red was unpopular with supporters and the England away kit remained red until 2011, when a navy blue away kit was introduced. The away kit is also sometimes worn during home matches, when a new edition has been released to promote it.

text: England have occasionally had a third kit. At the 1970 World Cup England wore a third kit with pale blue shirts, shorts and socks against Czechoslovakia. They had a kit similar to Brazil's, with yellow shirts, yellow socks and blue shorts which they wore in the summer of 1973. For the World Cup in 1986 England had a third kit of pale blue, imitating that worn in Mexico sixteen years before and England retained pale blue third kits until 1992, but they were rarely used.

text: Umbro first agreed to manufacture the kit in 1954 and since then has supplied most of the kits, the exceptions being from 1959–1965 with Bukta and 1974–1984 with Admiral. Nike purchased Umbro in 2008 and took over as kit supplier in 2013 following their sale of the Umbro brand.[20]

text: Kit manufacturer

text:
Manufacturer
Period

 Umbro
1954–1961

 Bukta
1959–1965

 Umbro
1965–1974

 Admiral
1974–1984

 Umbro
1984–2013

 Nike
2013–

text: Logo

text: The motif of the England national football team has three lions passant guardant, the emblem of King Richard I, who reigned from 1189 to 1199.[21] The lions, often blue, have had minor changes to colour and appearance.[22] Initially topped by a crown, this was removed in 1949 when the FA was given an official coat of arms by the College of Arms; this introduced ten Tudor roses, one for each of the regional branches of the FA.[23][24] Since 2003, England top their logo with a star to recognise their World Cup win in 1966; this was first embroidered onto the left sleeve of the home kit, and a year later was moved to its current position, first on the away shirt.[25]

text: Home stadium

text: For the first fifty years of their existence, England played their home matches all around the country. They initially used cricket grounds before later moving on to football clubs' stadiums. The original Empire Stadium was built in Wembley, London, for the British Empire Exhibition.

text: England played their first match at the stadium in 1924 against Scotland and for the next 27 years Wembley was used as a venue for matches against Scotland only. The stadium later became known simply as Wembley Stadium and it became England's permanent home stadium during the 1950s. In October 2000, the stadium closed its doors, ending with a defeat.

text: This stadium was demolished during the period of 2002–2003, and work began to completely rebuild it. During this time, England played at a number of different venues across the country, though by the time of the 2006 World Cup qualification, this had largely settled down to having Manchester United's Old Trafford stadium as the primary venue, with Newcastle United's St. James' Park used on occasions when Old Trafford was unavailable.

text: They returned to the new Wembley Stadium in March 2007. The stadium is now owned by the Football Association, via its subsidiary Wembley National Stadium Limited.

text: Media coverage

text: All England matches are broadcast with full commentary on BBC Radio 5 Live. From the 2008–09 season until the 2017–18 season, England's home and away qualifiers, and friendlies both home and away are broadcast live on ITV (often with the exception of STV, the ITV affiliate in central and northern Scotland). England's away qualifiers for the 2010 World Cup were shown on Setanta Sports until that company's collapse. As a result of Setanta Sports's demise, England's World Cup qualifier in Ukraine on 10 October 2009 was shown in the United Kingdom on a pay-per-view basis via the internet only. This one-off event was the first time an England game had been screened in such a way. The number of subscribers, paying between £4.99 and £11.99 each, was estimated at between 250,000 and 300,000 and the total number of viewers at around 500,000.[26]

text: Coaching staff

text:
Manager
 Gareth Southgate

Assistant Manager
 Steve Holland

First Team Coach
vacant

Goalkeeping Coach
 Martyn Margetson

First-Team Doctor
 Ian Beasley

Fitness Coach
 Chris Neville

Masseur
 Mark Sertori

Physiotherapist
 Gary Lewin

text: Players

text: Current squad

text:
The following players were called up to the England squad for the 2018 FIFA World Cup and preceding friendlies.[27][28][29]
Caps and goals correct as of: 18 June 2018, after the match against Tunisia.

text:
No.
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club

1
1GK
Jordan Pickford
(1994-03-07) 7 March 1994 (age 24)
4
0
 Everton

13
1GK
Jack Butland
(1993-03-10) 10 March 1993 (age 25)
8
0
 Stoke City

23
1GK
Nick Pope
(1992-04-19) 19 April 1992 (age 26)
1
0
 Burnley

2
2DF
Kyle Walker
(1990-05-28) 28 May 1990 (age 28)
36
0
 Manchester City

3
2DF
Danny Rose
(1990-07-02) 2 July 1990 (age 27)
18
0
 Tottenham Hotspur

5
2DF
John Stones
(1994-05-28) 28 May 1994 (age 24)
27
0
 Manchester City

6
2DF
Harry Maguire
(1993-03-05) 5 March 1993 (age 25)
6
0
 Leicester City

12
2DF
Kieran Trippier
(1990-09-19) 19 September 1990 (age 27)
8
0
 Tottenham Hotspur

15
2DF
Gary Cahill
(1985-12-19) 19 December 1985 (age 32)
60
5
 Chelsea

16
2DF
Phil Jones
(1992-02-21) 21 February 1992 (age 26)
25
0
 Manchester United

17
2DF
Fabian Delph
(1989-11-21) 21 November 1989 (age 28)
11
0
 Manchester City

18
2DF
Ashley Young
(1985-07-09) 9 July 1985 (age 32)
35
7
 Manchester United

22
2DF
Trent Alexander-Arnold
(1998-10-07) 7 October 1998 (age 19)
1
0
 Liverpool

4
3MF
Eric Dier
(1994-01-15) 15 January 1994 (age 24)
27
3
 Tottenham Hotspur

7
3MF
Jesse Lingard
(1992-12-15) 15 December 1992 (age 25)
13
1
 Manchester United

8
3MF
Jordan Henderson
(1990-06-17) 17 June 1990 (age 28)
40
0
 Liverpool

20
3MF
Dele Alli
(1996-04-11) 11 April 1996 (age 22)
26
2
 Tottenham Hotspur

21
3MF
Ruben Loftus-Cheek
(1996-01-23) 23 January 1996 (age 22)
5
0
 Chelsea

9
4FW
Harry Kane (Captain [30])
(1993-07-28) 28 July 1993 (age 24)
25
15
 Tottenham Hotspur

10
4FW
Raheem Sterling
(1994-12-08) 8 December 1994 (age 23)
39
2
 Manchester City

11
4FW
Jamie Vardy
(1987-01-11) 11 January 1987 (age 31)
22
7
 Leicester City

14
4FW
Danny Welbeck
(1990-11-26) 26 November 1990 (age 27)
39
16
 Arsenal

19
4FW
Marcus Rashford
(1997-10-31) 31 October 1997 (age 20)
20
3
 Manchester United

text: Recent call-ups

text: The following players have also been called up to the England squad within the last twelve months.

text:
Pos.
Player
Date of birth (age)
Caps
Goals
Club
Latest call-up

GK
Tom Heaton
(1986-04-15) 15 April 1986 (age 32)
3
0
 Burnley
2018 FIFA World Cup PRE

GK
Joe Hart
(1987-04-19) 19 April 1987 (age 31)
75
0
 Manchester City
v.  Italy, 27 March 2018

GK
Angus Gunn
(1996-01-22) 22 January 1996 (age 22)
0
0
 Manchester City
v.  Brazil, 14 November 2017

GK
Fraser Forster
(1988-03-17) 17 March 1988 (age 30)
6
0
 Southampton
v.  Lithuania, 8 October 2017

DF
James Tarkowski
(1992-11-19) 19 November 1992 (age 25)
1
0
 Burnley
2018 FIFA World Cup PRE / INJ

DF
Joe Gomez
(1997-05-23) 23 May 1997 (age 21)
3
0
 Liverpool
v.  Italy, 27 March 2018

DF
Alfie Mawson
(1994-01-19) 19 January 1994 (age 24)
0
0
 Swansea City
v.  Italy, 27 March 2018

DF
Ryan Bertrand
(1989-08-05) 5 August 1989 (age 28)
19
1
 Southampton
v.  Netherlands, 23 March 2018

DF
Michael Keane
(1993-01-11) 11 January 1993 (age 25)
4
0
 Everton
v.  Brazil, 14 November 2017

DF
Chris Smalling
(1989-11-22) 22 November 1989 (age 28)
31
1
 Manchester United
v.  Lithuania, 8 October 2017

DF
Aaron Cresswell
(1989-12-15) 15 December 1989 (age 28)
3
0
 West Ham United
v.  Lithuania, 8 October 2017

MF
Adam Lallana
(1988-05-10) 10 May 1988 (age 30)
34
3
 Liverpool
2018 FIFA World Cup PRE

MF
Jake Livermore
(1989-11-14) 14 November 1989 (age 28)
7
0
 West Bromwich Albion
2018 FIFA World Cup PRE

MF
Lewis Cook
(1997-02-03) 3 February 1997 (age 21)
1
0
 Bournemouth
2018 FIFA World Cup PRE

MF
Alex Oxlade-Chamberlain
(1993-08-15) 15 August 1993 (age 24)
32
6
 Liverpool
v.  Italy, 27 March 2018

MF
Jack Wilshere
(1992-01-01) 1 January 1992 (age 26)
34
2
 Arsenal
v.  Netherlands, 23 March 2018

MF
Jack Cork
(1989-06-25) 25 June 1989 (age 28)
1
0
 Burnley
v.  Brazil, 14 November 2017

MF
Harry Winks
(1996-02-02) 2 February 1996 (age 22)
1
0
 Tottenham Hotspur
v.  Germany, 10 November 2017

MF
Nathaniel Chalobah
(1994-12-12) 12 December 1994 (age 23)
0
0
 Watford
v.  Slovakia, 4 September 2017

FW
Tammy Abraham
(1997-10-02) 2 October 1997 (age 20)
2
0
 Chelsea
v.  Brazil, 14 November 2017

FW
Dominic Solanke
(1997-09-14) 14 September 1997 (age 20)
1
0
 Liverpool
v.  Brazil, 14 November 2017

FW
Jermain Defoe
(1982-10-07) 7 October 1982 (age 35)
57
20
 Bournemouth
v.  Lithuania, 8 October 2017

FW
Daniel Sturridge
(1989-09-01) 1 September 1989 (age 28)
26
8
 Liverpool
v.  Lithuania, 8 October 2017

INJ Withdrew from latest squad due to injury
PRE Preliminary squad / standby

text: Results and fixtures

text:
1 September 2017 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
Malta
0–4
 England
showTa' Qali, Malta

19:45 BST

Report
Kane  53', 90+2'
Bertrand  85'
Welbeck  90+1'
Stadium: Ta' Qali National Stadium
Attendance: 16,994
Referee: Artur Dias Soares (Portugal)

text:
4 September 2017 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
England
2–1
 Slovakia
showLondon, England

19:45 BST
Dier  37'
Rashford  59'
Report
Lobotka  3'
Stadium: Wembley Stadium
Attendance: 67,823
Referee: Clément Turpin (France)

text:
5 October 2017 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
England
1–0
 Slovenia
showLondon, England

19:45 BST
Kane  90+4'
Report

Stadium: Wembley Stadium
Attendance: 61,598
Referee: Felix Zwayer (Germany)

text:
8 October 2017 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification
Lithuania
0–1
 England
showVilnius, Lithuania

17:00 BST

Report
Kane  27' (pen.)
Stadium: LFF Stadium
Attendance: 5,067
Referee: Orel Grinfeld (Israel)

text:
10 November 2017 Friendly
England
0–0
 Germany
showLondon, England

20:00 GMT
Gomez  45+1'
Livermore  59'
Report

Stadium: Wembley Stadium
Attendance: 81,382
Referee: Pawel Raczkowski (Poland)

text:
14 November 2017 Friendly
England
0–0
 Brazil
showLondon, England

20:00 GMT
Livermore  54'
Report
Alves  56'
Stadium: Wembley Stadium
Attendance: 84,595
Referee: Artur Dias Soares (Portugal)

text:
23 March 2018 Friendly
Netherlands
0–1
 England
showAmsterdam, Netherlands

19:45 GMT

Report
Lingard  59'
Stadium: Amsterdam Arena
Referee: Jesús Gil Manzano (Spain)

text:
27 March 2018 Friendly
England
1–1
 Italy
showLondon, England

20:00 BST
Vardy  26'
Oxlade-Chamberlain  40'
Walker  72'
Young  83'
Report
Insigne  87' (pen.)
Stadium: Wembley Stadium
Referee: Deniz Aytekin (Germany)

text:
2 June 2018 Friendly
England
2–1
 Nigeria
showLondon, England

17:15 BST
Cahill  7'
Kane  39'
Sterling  68'
Report
Iwobi  47'
Musa  77'
Stadium: Wembley Stadium
Attendance: 70,025
Referee: Marco Guida (Italy)

text:
7 June 2018 Friendly
England
2–0
 Costa Rica
showLeeds, England

20:00 BST
Rashford  13'
Welbeck  76'
Report
Matarrita  68'
González  69'
Stadium: Elland Road
Attendance: 36,104
Referee: Hiroyuki Kimura (Japan)

text:
18 June 2018 2018 WC Group G
Tunisia
1–2
 England
showVolgograd, Russia

19:00 BST
Sassi  35' (pen.)
Report
Kane  11', 90+1'
Walker  34'
Stadium: Volgograd Arena
Attendance: 41,064
Referee: Wilmar Roldán (Colombia)

text:
24 June 2018 2018 WC Group G
England
v
 Panama
showNizhny Novgorod, Russia

13:00 BST

Report

Stadium: Nizhny Novgorod Stadium

text:
28 June 2018 2018 WC Group G
England
v
 Belgium
showKaliningrad, Russia

19:00 BST

Report

Stadium: Kaliningrad Stadium

text:
8 September 2018 2018–19 UEFA Nations League A
England
v
 Spain
showLondon, England

19:45 BST

Stadium: Wembley Stadium

text:
11 September 2018 Friendly
England
v
  Switzerland
showLeicester , England

Stadium: King Power Stadium

text:
12 October 2018 2018–19 UEFA Nations League A
Croatia
v
 England
showZagreb, Croatia

19:45 BST

Stadium: Stadion Maksimir
Attendance: 0 [a]

text:
15 October 2018 2018–19 UEFA Nations League A
Spain
v
 England
showSeville, Spain

19:45 BST

Stadium: Estadio Benito Villamarín

text:
15 November 2018 Friendly
England
v
 United States
showLondon, England

Stadium: Wembley Stadium

text:
18 November 2018 2018–19 UEFA Nations League A
England
v
 Croatia
showLondon, England

14:00 GMT

Stadium: Wembley Stadium

text: Records

text: This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2016) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Most capped players

text: Updated 9 October 2017.

text: Players in bold are still active, at least at club level.

text: Players with an equal number of caps are ranked in chronological order of reaching the milestone.

text:
#
Name
Career
Caps
Goals
Position

1
Peter Shilton
1970–1990
125
0
GK

2
Wayne Rooney
2003–2016
119
53
FW

3
David Beckham
1996–2009
115
17
MF

4
Steven Gerrard
2000–2014
114
21
MF

5
Bobby Moore
1962–1973
108
2
DF

6
Ashley Cole
2001–2014
107
0
DF

7
Bobby Charlton
1958–1970
106
49
MF

Frank Lampard
1999–2014
106
29
MF

9
Billy Wright
1946–1959
105
3
DF

10
Bryan Robson
1980–1991
90
26
MF

11
Michael Owen
1998–2008
89
40
FW

12
Kenny Sansom
1979–1988
86
1
DF

13
Gary Neville
1995–2007
85
0
DF

14
Ray Wilkins
1976–1986
84
3
MF

15
Rio Ferdinand
1997–2011
81
3
DF

16
Gary Lineker
1984–1992
80
48
FW

17
John Barnes
1983–1995
79
11
MF

18
Stuart Pearce
1987–1999
78
5
DF

John Terry
2003–2012
78
6
DF

20
Terry Butcher
1980–1990
77
3
DF

text: Top goalscorers

text: Updated 9 October 2017.

text:
#
Name
Career
Goals
Caps
Position
Average

1
Wayne Rooney
2003–2016
53
119
FW
0.4454

2
Bobby Charlton
1958–1970
49
106
MF
0.4622

3
Gary Lineker
1984–1992
48
80
FW
0.6000

4
Jimmy Greaves
1959–1967
44
57
FW
0.7719

5
Michael Owen
1998–2008
40
89
FW
0.4494

6
Nat Lofthouse
1950–1958
30
33
FW
0.9090

Alan Shearer
1992–2000
30
63
FW
0.4762

Tom Finney
1946–1958
30
76
FW
0.3947

9
Vivian Woodward
1903–1911
29
23
FW
1.2609

Frank Lampard
1999–2014
29
106
MF
0.2735

11
Steve Bloomer
1895–1907
28
23
FW
1.2174

12
David Platt
1989–1996
27
62
MF
0.4355

13
Bryan Robson
1981–1991
26
90
MF
0.2889

14
Geoff Hurst
1965–1972
24
49
FW
0.4898

15
Stan Mortensen
1947–1953
23
25
FW
0.9200

16
Tommy Lawton
1938–1948
22
23
FW
0.9565

Peter Crouch
2005–2010
22
42
FW
0.5238

18
Mick Channon
1972–1977
21
46
FW
0.4565

Kevin Keegan
1972–1982
21
63
FW
0.3333

Steven Gerrard
2000–2014
21
114
MF
0.1842

text: Competitive record

text: FIFA World Cup

text: England first appeared at the 1950 FIFA World Cup, and have subsequently qualified for a total of 15 FIFA World Cup Finals tournaments, tied for sixth best by number of appearances. They are also tied for sixth by number of wins, alongside France and Spain. The national team is one of eight national teams to have won at least one FIFA World Cup title. The England team won their first and only World Cup title in 1966. The tournament was played on home soil and England defeated West Germany 4–2 in the final. In 1990, England finished in fourth place, losing 2–1 to host nation Italy in the third place play-off, after losing on penalties to champions West Germany in the semi-final. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions in 2002 and 2006. Previously, they reached this stage in 1954, 1962, 1970 and 1986.

text: England failed to qualify for the World Cup in 1974, 1978 and 1994. The team's earliest exit in the competition itself was its elimination in the first round in 1950, 1958 and most recently in the 2014 FIFA World Cup, after being defeated in both their opening two matches for the first time, versus Italy and Uruguay in Group D. In 1950, four teams remained after the first round, in 1958 eight teams remained and in 2014 sixteen teams remained. In 2010, England suffered its most resounding World Cup defeat (4–1 to Germany) in the Round of 16, after drawing with the United States and Algeria and defeating Slovenia 1–0 in the group stage.

text: Champions       Runners-up       Third place        Fourth place

text:
FIFA World Cup record

FIFA World Cup qualification record

Manager(s)

Year
Round
Position
Pld
W
D *
L
GF
GA
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA

 1930
Did not enter
–
–
–
–
–
–

 1934
–
–
–
–
–
–

 1938
–
–
–
–
–
–

 1950
Group stage
8th of 13
3
1
0
2
2
2
3
3
0
0
14
3
Winterbottom

 1954
Quarter-finals
7th of 16
3
1
1
1
8
8
3
3
0
0
11
4

 1958
Group stage
11th of 16
4
0
3
1
4
5
4
3
1
0
15
5

 1962
Quarter-finals
8th of 16
4
1
1
2
5
6
4
3
1
0
16
2

 1966
Champions
1st of 16
6
5
1
0
11
3
Qualified as hosts
Ramsey

 1970
Quarter-finals
8th of 16
4
2
0
2
4
4
Qualified as defending champions
Ramsey

 1974
Did not qualify
4
1
2
1
3
4

 1978
6
5
0
1
15
4
Revie

 1982
Second group stage
6th of 24
5
3
2
0
6
1
8
4
1
3
13
8
Greenwood

 1986
Quarter-finals
8th of 24
5
2
1
2
7
3
8
4
4
0
21
2
Robson

 1990
Fourth place
4th of 24
7
3
3(1*)
1
8
6
6
3
3
0
10
0

 1994
Did not qualify
10
5
3
2
26
9
Taylor

 1998
Round of 16
9th of 32
4
2
1*
1
7
4
8
6
1
1
15
2
Hoddle

  2002
Quarter-finals
6th of 32
5
2
2
1
6
3
8
5
2
1
16
6
Keegan, Wilkinson, Eriksson[32]

 2006
7th of 32
5
3
2(1*)
0
6
2
10
8
1
1
17
5
Eriksson

 2010
Round of 16
13th of 32
4
1
2
1
3
5
10
9
0
1
34
6
Capello

 2014
Group stage
26th of 32
3
0
1
2
2
4
10
6
4
0
31
4
Hodgson

 2018
Qualified
10
8
2
0
18
3
Allardyce, Southgate[33]

 2022
To be determined

TBD

 2026
To be determined

TBD

Total
1 title
14/21
62
26
20
16
79
56
108
73
24
11
271
67

text: UEFA European Championship

text: England have achieved moderate success [according to whom?] at the UEFA European Championship, having finished in third place in 1968 and reached the semi-final in 1996. England hosted Euro 96 and have qualified for nine UEFA European Championship finals tournaments, tied for fourth best by number of appearances. The team has also reached the quarter-final on two recent occasions, in 2004 and 2012. The team's worst result in the competition was a first-round elimination in 1980, 1988, 1992 and 2000. The team did not enter in 1960, and they failed to qualify in 1964, 1972, 1976, 1984, and 2008.

text:
UEFA European Championship record

UEFA European Championship qualification record

Manager(s)

Year
Round
Position
Pld
W
D *
L
GF
GA
Pld
W
D
L
GF
GA

 1960
Did not enter
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –
 –

 1964
Did not qualify
2
0
1
1
3
6
Winterbottom, Ramsey[34]

 1968
Third place
3rd of 4
2
1
0
1
2
1
8
6
1
1
18
6
Ramsey

 1972
Did not qualify[35]
8
5
2
1
16
6
Ramsey

 1976
Did not qualify
6
3
2
1
11
3
Revie

 1980
Group stage
6th of 8
3
1
1
1
3
3
8
7
1
0
22
5
Greenwood

 1984
Did not qualify
8
5
2
1
23
3
Robson

 1988
Group stage
7th of 8
3
0
0
3
2
7
6
5
1
0
19
1

 1992
Group stage
7th of 8
3
0
2
1
1
2
6
3
3
0
7
3
Taylor

 1996
Semi-finals
3rd of 16
5
2
3(2*)
0
8
3
Qualified as hosts
Venables

  2000
Group stage
11th of 16
3
1
0
2
5
6
10
4
4
2
16
5
Hoddle, Keegan[36]

 2004
Quarter-finals
5th of 16
4
2
1(1*)
1
10
6
8
6
2
0
14
5
Eriksson

  2008
Did not qualify
12
7
2
3
24
7
McClaren

  2012
Quarter-finals
5th of 16
4
2
2(1*)
0
5
3
8
5
3
0
17
5
Capello, Hodgson[37]

 2016
Round of 16
12th of 24
4
1
2
1
4
4
10
10
0
0
31
3
Hodgson

 2020
To be determined

TBD

Total
Third place (x2)
9/15
31
10
11
10
40
35
96
62
24
10
208
58

text: Minor tournaments

text:
Year
Round
Position
GP
W
D*
L
GS
GA

 1964 Taça de Nações
Group stage
3rd
3
0
1
2
2
7

 1976 USA Bicentennial Cup Tournament
Group stage
2nd
3
2
0
1
6
4

 1985 Rous Cup
One match
2nd
1
0
0
1
0
1

 1985 Ciudad de México Cup Tournament
Group stage
3rd
2
0
0
2
1
3

 1985 Azteca 2000 Tournament
Group stage
2nd
2
1
0
1
3
1

 1986 Rous Cup
Winners, one match
1st
1
1
0
0
2
1

  1987 Rous Cup
Group stage
2nd
2
0
2
0
1
1

  1988 Rous Cup
Winners, group stage
1st
2
1
1
0
2
1

  1989 Rous Cup
Winners, group stage
1st
2
1
1
0
2
0

 1991 England Challenge Cup
Winners, group stage
1st
2
1
1
0
5
3

 1993 U.S. Cup
Group stage
4th
3
0
1
2
2
5

 1995 Umbro Cup
Group stage
2nd
3
1
1
1
6
7

 1997 Tournoi de France
Winners, group stage
1st
3
2
0
1
3
1

 1998 King Hassan II International Cup Tournament
Group stage
2nd
2
1
1
0
1
0

 2004 FA Summer Tournament
Winners, group stage
1st
2
1
1
0
7
2

Total

6 titles
33
12
10
11
43
37

text: Honours and achievements

text: Major:

text: Regional:

text: British Home Championship

text: Rous Cup:

text: Minor:

text: FA Summer Tournament

text: Tournament of France

text: England Challenge Cup

text: Other:

text: FIFA Fair Play Trophy:

text: Unofficial:

text: Unofficial Football World Championships:


document_title: Nandalal Bose

question_text: who is the artist who illuminated the constitution of india

text: Nandalal Bose

text: Early life[edit]

text: Nandalal was born on 3 December 1882 in a middle-class Bengali family of Kharagpur, in, Munger district of Bihar state. His father, Purnachandra Bose, was at that time working in the Darbhanga Estate.[6] His mother Kshetramonidevi was a housewife with a skill in improvising toys and dolls for young Nandalal. From his early days Nandalal began taking an interest in modelling images and later, decorating Puja pandals.

text: In 1898, at the age of fifteen, Nandalal moved to Calcutta for his high school studies in the Central Collegiate School. After clearing his examinations in 1902, he continued his college studies at the same institution. In June 1903 he married Sudhiradevi, the daughter of a family friend. Nanadalal wanted to study art, but he was not given permission by his family. Unable to qualify for promotion in his classes, Nandalal moved to other colleges, joining the Presidency College in 1905 to study commerce. After repeated failures, he persuaded his family to let him study art at Calcutta's School of Art.[7]

text: Career[edit]

text: As a young artist, Nandalal Bose was deeply influenced by the murals of the Ajanta Caves. He had become part of an international circle of artists and writers seeking to revive classical Indian culture; a circle that already included Okakura Kakuzō, William Rothenstein, Yokoyama Taikan, Christiana Herringham, Laurence Binyon, Abanindranath Tagore, and the seminal London Modernist sculptors Eric Gill and Jacob Epstein.[8][9]

text: To mark the 1930 occasion of Mahatma Gandhi's arrest for protesting the British tax on salt, Bose created a black on white linocut print of Gandhi walking with a staff. It became the iconic image for the non-violence movement.

text: His genius and original style were recognised by famous artists and art critics like Gaganendranath Tagore, Ananda Coomaraswamy and O. C. Ganguli. These lovers of art felt that objective criticism was necessary for the development of painting and founded the Indian Society of Oriental Art.

text: He became principal of the Kala Bhavana (College of Arts) at Tagore's International University Santiniketan in 1922.

text: He was also famously asked by Jawaharlal Nehru to sketch the emblems for the Government of India's awards, including the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Shri.[10] Along with his students, Nandalal Bose took up the historic task of beautifying/decorating the original manuscript of the Constitution of India.[11]

text: He died on 16 April 1966 in Calcutta.

text: Today, the National Gallery of Modern Art in Delhi holds 7000 of his works in its collection, including a 1930 black and white linocut of the Dandi March depicting Mahatma Gandhi, and a set of seven posters he later made at the request of Mahatma Gandhi for the 1938 Haripura Session of the Indian National Congress.[12]

text: His place in Indian Art[edit]

text: In his introduction for the Christie's catalogue, R. Siva Kumar wrote-[13]

text: Nandalal Bose (1882–1966) occupies a place in the history of Modern Indian art that combines those of Raphael and Durer in the history of the Renaissance. Like Raphael Nandalal was a great synthesizer, his originality lay in his ability to marshal discrete ideas drawn from Abanindranath Tagore, Rabindranath Tagore, E. B. Havell, Ananda Coomaraswamy, Okakura Kakuzo and Mahatma Gandhi into a unique and unified programme for the creation of a new art movement in India. And like Durer he combined a passion bordering on devotion with an irrepressible analytical mind that compelled him to prise open different art traditions and unravel their syntactic logic, and make them accessible to a new generation of Indian artists. But he did this so quietly and without self-assertive fanfare that the significance of his work is yet to be fully grasped even in India.

text: Students[edit]

text: Some of his students were Benode Behari Mukherjee, Ramkinkar Baij, Beohar Rammanohar Sinha, K. G. Subramanyan, A. Ramachandran, Henry Dharmasena, Pratima Thakur, Ramananda Bandopadhyay, Sovon Som, Jahar Dasgupta, Sabita Thakur, Menaja Swagnesh, Yash Bombbut, Satyajit Ray, Dinkar K Kowshik and Kondapalli Seshagiri Rao.

text: Also A.D.Jayathilake was one of his student from Ceylon (Sri Lanka) and had the opportunity to study under Dr.Nandalal Bose in the final batch (1948-1952).[14] Dr. Nandalal Bose's uniquely drawn two paintings; "Arjuna Tree"[15] and "Mango trees"[16] are currently with his Sri Lankan Student (A.D.Jaythilake).

text: Honours and awards[edit]

text: In 1956, he became the second artist to be elected Fellow of the Lalit Kala Akademi, India's National Academy of Art. In 1954, Nandalal Bose was awarded the Padma Vibhushan.

text: In 1957, the University of Calcutta conferred honorary D.Litt on him.[17] Vishvabharati University honoured him by conferring on him the title of 'Deshikottama'.

text: The Academy of Fine Arts in Calcutta honoured Nandalal with the Silver Jubilee Medal. The Tagore Birth Centenary Medal was awarded to Nandalal Bose in 1965 by the Asiatic Society of Bengal.