document_title: Governor of Oklahoma

question_text: how many times can you be governor in oklahoma

text: Governor of Oklahoma

text: History[edit]

text: Territorial period[edit]

text: Before statehood in 1907, modern day Oklahoma was composed of Oklahoma and Indian territories. While Indian Territory was semi-independent of the federal government as Indian nations land, Oklahoma Territory was an organized territory under the supervision of the United States Congress. Within the Oklahoma Territory, a tripartite government existed, including a territorial legislature, a territorial supreme court, and a territorial governor.

text: The President of the United States appointed territorial governors to four-year terms.[3] Despite a set term, the governor served at the pleasure of the U.S. president, meaning that the president could replace him before his term was up.

text: The governor was the head of the territorial government. He had the power to veto legislation proposed by the territorial legislature and the power to appoint members to his cabinet, who in turn had to be ratified by territorial lawmakers. The governor had the power to appoint justices to the territorial high court. The governor was responsible to the U.S. president on addressing issues in the territory and served as the representative as the federal government of the United States. He was also the Commander in Chief of the territorial militia.

text: George Washington Steele served as the first governor of Oklahoma Territory.[3] He vetoed the territorial legislature's attempts to move the state capital from Guthrie to Oklahoma City or Kingfisher. He was instrumental in the establishment of two universities that would become the University of Oklahoma and Oklahoma State University. After only seventeen months in office, Steele resigned effective October 18, 1891. In his place, President Benjamin Harrison appointed Abraham Jefferson Seay to the governorship. Robert Martin, Secretary of Oklahoma Territory, served as acting governor from October 18, 1891, until February 1892, when Seay took the oath of office.

text: Frank Frantz served as the final governor of Oklahoma Territory.[4] He was an unsuccessful candidate for governor in the first state gubernatorial election.[4]

text: Statehood-Present[edit]

text: After the Oklahoma Constitution was written and accepted in 1907, the Oklahoma and Indian territories joined to form the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The office of the governor of Oklahoma replaced the office of territorial governor. The new office was similar, but designed with new restrictions, limits, and legislative and judicial oversight. It was crafted as a "weak governor system" to defend the state against abuses of power that had occurred under the territorial government.

text: Oklahoma's first governor, Charles N. Haskell, wielded executive power effectively, but in the first 20 years after he left office in 1911, the Oklahoma Legislature further limited the governor's office of its powers and impeached governors John C. Walton and Henry S. Johnston. It was not until William H. Murray took office in 1935 that the governorship expanded its powers.

text: In 1927, the state legislature appropriated $75,000 for the construction of a governor's mansion and $25,000 for furnishings. In 1928, the governor and his family moved in.[5]

text: As Oklahoma grew and the state government expanded, the office of the governor became gradually more powerful. As more agencies were introduced, the governor gained greater indirect influence through the power of appointment.

text: Initially the governor was not eligible to immediately succeed himself. It was not until 1966 that Oklahoma amended the state constitution to allow the governor to serve two consecutive terms.

text: Election[edit]

text: The governor of Oklahoma is elected directly by the voters of Oklahoma during gubernatorial elections held in November during the final year of each four-year gubernatorial term. The candidate with the highest number of votes becomes governor following the election. The Oklahoma Constitution requires the Oklahoma Legislature to choose the governor in the case of a tie vote.

text: Section Three of Article VI of the Oklahoma Constitution establishes that gubernatorial candidates must be citizens of the United States, at least 31 years old, and residents of Oklahoma for at least ten years prior to their candidacy.

text: Under Section Four in Article VI of the Oklahoma Constitution, the governor serves a four-year term in office beginning on the second Monday in January. Section Four also states that no person may hold the office for more than two consecutive terms. On November 2, 2010, voters passed a ballot initiative to limit governors to only eight years in office in a lifetime. The initiative also set the gubernatorial term of a lieutenant governor who becomes governor upon the death of the previous governor; upon the lieutenant governor's succession, he or she is to serve out two years of the governor's term.

text: Oath of office[edit]

text: "I, ........., do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will support, obey, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and the Constitution of the State of Oklahoma, and that I will not, knowingly, receive, directly or indirectly, any money or other valuable thing, for the performance or nonperformance of any act or duty pertaining to my office, other than the compensation allowed by law; I further swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully discharge my duties as Governor of the State of Oklahoma to the best of my ability."

text: Last election[edit]

text:
2014 Oklahoma gubernatorial election results[6]

Party
Candidate
Votes
%

Republican
Mary Fallin
458,788
55.8

Democratic
Joe Dorman
337,728
41.0

Independent
Kimberly Willis
17,143
2.1

Independent
Richard Prawdzienski
9,102
1.1

Total votes
823,761
100.0

text: Powers and duties[edit]

text: Executive powers[edit]

text: The governor, according to the Oklahoma Constitution, must "take care that the laws be faithfully executed." The governor is vested with "supreme executive power" as the state's "Chief Magistrate" and acts as head of the executive branch of Oklahoma. The governor has the power to issue executive orders that have the effect of law. The governor is the "conservator of the peace throughout the State," making him or her the chief peace officer in the state. In the position of chief peace officer, the governor commands state and local law enforcement agencies. In the event that law enforcement entities cannot execute the law, the governor, acting as Commander-in-Chief of Oklahoma's state militia, may call out the Oklahoma National Guard to "execute the laws, protect the public health, suppress insurrection, and repel invasion." The governor is assisted in managing the military of Oklahoma by the Adjutant General of Oklahoma, who he or she appoints to office.

text: The governor has the power to commission officers not otherwise commissioned by the law of Oklahoma and has the power of appointment. When any office at the state level becomes vacant for any reason, the governor, unless otherwise provided by law, has the power to appoint a person to fill such vacancy, who shall continue in office until the election or appointment of a successor. If the office of an Oklahoma member of the United States House of Representatives or United States Senate becomes vacant the governor calls a special election to fill the remainder of the term. In the case of United States senators, the governor is empowered by the U.S. Constitution to appoint someone immediately to fill the vacant Senate seat temporarily until a special election can be held.

text: Within the executive branch of Oklahoma government, the governor is assisted by the Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma, the Secretary of State of Oklahoma, the Attorney General of Oklahoma, and the State Treasurer of Oklahoma, among others. While the other high level executive offices are elected directly by the people of Oklahoma, the Secretary of State is appointed by the governor with the consent of the Oklahoma Senate for a four-year term. Due to the large number of state agencies, the governor is assisted in running the government through the use of the Oklahoma State Cabinet. Through the Cabinet, the Governor can address the assembled heads of Oklahoma's executive branch departments which oversee Oklahoma's agencies. A secretary appointed by the governor heads each department and carryies out his executive orders through that department.

text: The governor is an ex officio chair of numerous state commissions and committees, including the Oklahoma Commissioners of Land Office and the Oklahoma Ethics Commission. While there are executive and state commissions of which the governor is not a member, he or she has appointment power to those entities with the advice and consent of the Oklahoma Senate, such as with the Board of Regents of the University of Oklahoma.

text: The governor is also responsible for preparing the proposed Oklahoma state budget presented to the Oklahoma Legislature in February for the next fiscal year beginning in July. After state legislators negotiate the terms of the budget with the governor, the Oklahoma House of Representatives drafts a general appropriations bill that must be approved by the legislature and signed by the governor.

text: Legislative and judicial powers[edit]

text: Like the President of the United States, the governor plays a major role in the legislative process. Every bill that is passed by both the Oklahoma Senate and Oklahoma House of Representatives, and every resolution requiring the assent of both chambers of the legislature, must, before it becomes a law, be presented to the governor. The governor may choose to sign it or veto it and send it back to the legislature. The governor's veto can only be overridden by a two-thirds approval vote from each house.[7]

text: The governor has the power of the line-item veto, which allows them to sign part of appropriation bills into law, while sending appropriations items they disagree with back to the legislature. Items disapproved by the governor in this manner become void, unless the legislation is re-passed in both the Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate with a two-thirds vote in favor of overriding the veto.

text: Bills that are part of the governor's agenda are often drafted at the initiative of the governor or governor's staff. In annual and special messages to the Oklahoma Legislature, the governor may propose legislation. The most important annual message to state lawmakers takes place in the annual State of the State address. Before a joint session of the Oklahoma Legislature, the governor outlines the status of the state and legislative proposals for the upcoming year. The governor is in a strong position to influence public opinion and thereby to influence the actions of state legislators.

text: The governor has the power to convoke the legislature, or the Oklahoma Senate only, on extraordinary occasions. During extraordinary sessions, state legislators can only act on subjects the governor recommends for consideration. When ever a vacancy occurs within the state legislature, the governor shall issue a writ of election to fill such vacancies. In case of a disagreement between the two houses of the legislature, at a regular or special session, the governor may adjourn them to such time as he shall deem proper, not beyond the day of the next stated meeting of the legislature. He or she may convoke the Oklahoma Legislature at or adjourn it to another place, when, in his opinion, the public safety or welfare, or the safety or health of the members require it. Such a change or adjournment must be concurred by two-thirds votes in all branches of the legislature.

text: The governor plays an active role within the judicial branch of Oklahoma government. Oklahoma has a Judicial Nominating Commission consisting of thirteen members that review all potential justices and judges of Oklahoma's appellate courts, such as the Oklahoma Supreme Court, and review them to determine if they qualify to hold their respective positions. Of these thirteen members, the governor appoints six without the consent of the Oklahoma Legislature. The governor's appointments serve for a term of six years each; the terms are staggered so that approximately one-third of the appointments become vacant every two years.

text: In the event of a vacancy upon the Oklahoma Supreme Court or on the Court of Criminal Appeals, the Judicial Nominating Committee submits three nominees to fill the vacancy to the governor and Oklahoma Supreme Court chief justice. The governor must appoint one to fill the vacancy within 60 days or the appointment is turned over to the chief justice.

text: The governor also possess the power to grant commutations, pardons and paroles for all offenses, except cases of impeachment, upon such conditions and with such restrictions and limitations as he may deem proper, subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by law. The governor does not have the power to grant paroles if a convict has been sentenced to death or sentenced to life imprisonment without parole. In order to grant a pardon to an individual, he must submit the name of the individual to the Oklahoma Pardon and Parole Board composed of five members, three of which are appointed by the governor at the beginning of his term in office to serve a term that coincides with his own. After reviewing the applicant for clemency, and a favorable vote from the majority, the board may empower the governor to make such acts of as he deems necessary.

text: The governor has the power to grant after conviction, reprieves, or a leave of absence not to exceed sixty days, without the action of the board. The governor is required to communicate to the Oklahoma Legislature, at each regular session, each case of reprieve, commutation, parole or pardon, granted, stating the name of the convict, the crime of which he was convicted, the date and place of conviction, and the date of commutation, pardon, parole and reprieve.

text: Foreign relations[edit]

text: The governor, as Oklahoma's head of state, serves as the chief representative of Oklahoma to the United States and to the world. Deals between Oklahoma and foreign powers (including other U.S. states and the United States) are negotiated by the governor. This reflects the governor's position as the spokesman for the state and the state's interests to other state and world leaders. However, the governor may not make treaties with other nations or other U.S. states, as this is prevented by the United States Constitution.

text: In discharging his duty as chief spokesman, the governor may be required to testify before the United States Congress or meet with the President of the United States to address national issues that may affect the state. It is the governor's responsibility to promote Oklahoma's industries to the world economy as the spokesman for industrial development within the state. Along with those responsibilities comes the role of chief promoter of Oklahoma's goods and services to foreign consumers.

text: The governor plays a significant role in national politics. As the representative of Oklahoma, the governor heads, on a state level, his or her political party. In this position, the governor serves as the state's leader in selecting a party candidate to run for the office of President of the United States. As Oklahoma's head of state, the governor may travel through the country to promote Oklahoma in a general interest or travel abroad to serve as proponent of America's interests.

text: Emergency powers[edit]

text: Pursuant to the Oklahoma Emergency Management Act of 2003 and the Catastrophic Health Emergency Powers Act, in the event that a natural or man-made emergency or a catastrophic health emergency occurs or is anticipated in the immediate future, the governor gains emergency powers to better respond to the emergency and combat the threat. Either the governor through executive order or the Oklahoma Legislature through concurrent resolution may declare a state of emergency. Once declared, the governor may exercise his or her additional emergency powers. At any time, the governor (through executive order) or the state legislature (through concurrent resolution) may declare an end to the state of emergency and suspend the governor's emergency powers.

text: Upon the declaration of an emergency, the governor is allowed a limited-form of rule by decree. He assumes direct regulatory control over essential resources of the state. It will then be the responsibility of the governor to determine the priorities of such resources and allocate them as the governor may deem necessary. These resources include, but are not limited to, food, manpower, health and health manpower, water, transportation, economic stabilization, electric power, petroleum, gas, and solid fuel, industrial production, construction and housing.

text: The focus of the governor's emergency powers is to ensure the security and stability of the state and he or she receives comprehensive police powers in an emergency. In discharging those power to enforce laws, rules and regulations relating to emergency management, the governor assumes direct operational control of emergency management forces of the state, including the Oklahoma National Guard, state police agencies, state and local health departments, as well as county sheriff's offices and local police departments. These emergency police powers extend to providing for the evacuation of the state's population from any affected or threatened area or areas within the state, regulating the conduct of civilians and the movement of pedestrians and vehicular traffic, and regulating public meetings and gatherings. The governor is responsible for providing for the care of all those regulated by his or her orders.

text: During a state of emergency, the governor is authorized to utilize the services, equipment, supplies and facilities of all departments, offices and agencies of the state to the maximum extent practicable. State, county, and local officers and personnel must cooperate with the governor in emergency management upon his or her direction. Any state, county, or local official that willful fails to obey any order, rule or regulation issued by the governor may be removed from office by the governor. However, before removal, officers must receives the charges against them and have an opportunity to defend themselves. Pending the presentation of charges, the governor may suspend such officers for a period not to exceed thirty days. Any vacancy resulting from removal or suspension shall be filled by the governor until it is filled as provided by state law. However, according to the Oklahoma Constitution, the governor may not remove from office the elective state executive officers, the justices of the Oklahoma Supreme Court, the judges of the Oklahoma Court of Criminal Appeals, and members of the Oklahoma Legislature.

text: When carrying out the functions of his or her emergency powers, the governor is immune from civilly liable for any loss or injury resulting from any decision, determination, order or action in the performance of his/her assigned duties and responsibilities during a stated emergency. However, this immunity does not apply when such loss or injury is caused by the gross negligence, or willfully and unnecessarily act by the governor.

text: Relationship with lieutenant governor[edit]

text: The Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma is elected at the same election as the governor, but not jointly as the running mate of the gubernatorial candidate. Oklahoma currently has a governor and a lieutenant governor of the same party, as both Governor Mary Fallin and Lieutenant Governor Todd Lamb are of the Republican Party.

text: The first instance of an Oklahoma governor serving alongside a lieutenant governor of a different political party began in 1963, when Republican Governor Henry Bellmon served alongside Democratic Lieutenant Governor Leo Winters. Since then, there have been three more instances. In 1967, Republican Governor Dewey F. Bartlett served alongside Democratic Lieutenant Governor George Nigh. In 1987, Bellmon served alongside Democratic Lieutenant Governor Robert S. Kerr III. Finally, in 2002, Democratic Governor Brad Henry served alongside Republican Lieutenant Governor Mary Fallin.

text: The governor may appoint the lieutenant governor to her cabinet. For example, Governor Mary Fallin appointed Lieutenant Governor Todd Lamb to serve as her small business advocate within her Cabinet – although Lamb later resigned that position due to disagreements with the Governor.

text: A lieutenant governor can also serve as Acting Governor. When acting as the governor, the Oklahoma Constitution provides all the powers of the governor to the lieutenant governor. This includes the power of signing or vetoing legislation, making political appointments, calling out the Oklahoma National Guard, or granting pardons. The need for the lieutenant governor to act as the governor may be due to the governor's absence from the state, or his inability to discharge the powers and duties of the office. When acting as governor, the lieutenant governor holds the powers of the governor until the governor returns to the state or she is found to be able to resume her powers and duties.

text: Office of the Governor[edit]

text:
Office of the Governor

Agency overview

Formed
1907

Preceding agency

Office of the Territorial Governor

Headquarters
Oklahoma State Capitol
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma

Employees
39 unclassified

Annual budget
$1.98 million

Minister responsible

Mary Fallin, Governor

Agency executive

Denise Northrup, Chief of Staff

Website
Office of the Governor

text: The Office of the Governor is the state agency that supports the governor in the performance of gubernatorial duties. The agency consists of the governor's staff and is headed by the governor's chief of staff. The current chief of staff is Denise Northrup. Staffers are political appointees and serve at the pleasure of the governor. They work in the governor's Oklahoma State Capitol offices in Oklahoma City, the governor's Tulsa office and the Governor's Mansion.

text: As of 2013, the agency has an annual budget of approximately $1.98 million.[8] The budget provides funding for employee salaries and benefits, operation and upkeep of the governor's offices in the Oklahoma State Capitol and Tulsa, Oklahoma, and the operation and upkeep of the Governor's Mansion.

text: Residence[edit]

text: Since 1928, Oklahoma governors reside in the Oklahoma Governor's Mansion. Before its construction, governors lived in various locations around Guthrie and Oklahoma City. Governor Charles N. Haskell set up his administration's office and his official residence within a hotel in Oklahoma City. The Oklahoma Legislature provided for the construction of an official residence after years of debate in 1927. The next year, in 1928, the mansion was completed.[5]

text: Built by an Oklahoma City architectural firm, Layton, Hicks and Forsyth, the mansion is of Dutch-Colonial style.[5] Carthage limestone was used so the exterior of the Mansion would complement the Oklahoma State Capitol, which is located to the west of the mansion. The state legislature allocated $100,000 of state money ($75,000 for construction and $25,000 for furnishing) to the project. Two years later, another $39,000 was set aside to complete outbuildings and landscaping. Though originally having 19 rooms, today the 14,000-square-foot (1,300 m2) Mansion has 12, including a library, parlor, dining room, grand ballroom, kitchen, sunroom and five bedrooms.

text: The mansion also serves as an active museum. Throughout the mansion there are antiques and artwork from both museum and private collections. The museum is designed to provide a glimpse into Oklahoma's history and culture. Artists represented in oil and bronze include N.C. Wyeth, Charles Marion Russell, Thomas Moran and Albert Beirstadt.

text: Succession[edit]

text: As per the Oklahoma Constitution, if the governor is impeached, resigns, dies, leaves the state, fails to qualify or is unable to serve, the lieutenant governor fills the vacancy, either temporarily or for the remainder of the gubanatorial term.

text: If, during a vacancy of the office of governor, the lieutenant governor is impeached, displaced, resigns, dies, is absent from the state, or becomes incapable of performing the duties of the office, the president pro tempore of the state senate is the next official in the gubanatorial line of succession. The Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives is third in line of gubernatorial succession.[9]

text: If the governor, lieutenant governor, senate president pro tempore, and speaker are unable to act as governor, then the next official in the line of succession becomes the emergency interim successor. As the emergency interim successor to the governor, the officer may exercise the powers and discharge the duties of the governor until a new governor is elected or until the disability is removed from the governor or higher official. The emergency interim successor does not however inherit the title of governor, unless there is a man-made or natural emergency or disaster has occurred in the United States. The Oklahoma Legislature, by concurrent resolution, may terminate the authority of any emergency interim successor to exercise the powers and discharge the duties of the governor.

text: Line of succession[edit]

text: As provided by the Oklahoma Constitution and the Oklahoma Emergency Interim Executive and Judicial Succession Act, the line of succession to the Governorship is as follows:

text:
#
Office
Current Officer

May succeed to Governorship

Governor of Oklahoma
Mary Fallin

1
Lieutenant Governor of Oklahoma
Todd Lamb

2
President Pro Tempore of the Senate
Mike Schulz

3
Speaker of the House of Representatives
Charles A. McCall

May serve as Emergency Interim Successor

4
State Auditor and Inspector
Gary Jones

5
Attorney General
Mike Hunter

6
State Treasurer
Ken Miller

7
State School Superintendent
Joy Hofmeister

8
Labor Commissioner
Melissa McLawhorn Houston

9
Corporation Commissioner (by length of tenure)
Bob Anthony

10
Corporation Commissioner
Dana Murphy

11
Corporation Commissioner
Todd Hiett

text: Gubernatorial trivia[edit]

text:
Between the births of Charles N. Haskell in 1860 and Brad Henry in 1963, governors have been born in every decade

Ohio
Kansas
Texas
Arkansas
Missouri
Pennsylvania
Alabama
Kentucky
Indiana
Washington, D.C.

Governors have been born in ten counties in Oklahoma

Muskogee County, Oklahoma
Oklahoma County, Oklahoma
Marshall County, Oklahoma
Washita County, Oklahoma
Johnston County, Oklahoma
Lincoln County, Oklahoma
Noble County, Oklahoma
Pittsburg County, Oklahoma
Pottawatomie County, Oklahoma

Muskogee, Oklahoma, has produced more governors than any other location:

Charles N. Haskell
Martin E. Trapp
J. Howard Edmondson

The first governor born was Charles N. Haskell on March 13, 1860
The most recent governor born is Brad Henry on July 10, 1963
The shortest term in office was nine days by George Nigh in 1963 (January 6 – 14, 1963)
Sworn in at age 33, J. Howard Edmondson was the youngest governor
Sworn in at age 61, William H. Murray was the oldest governor
The oldest living former governor is George Nigh at age 90
The youngest living former governor is Brad Henry at age 54
Henry S. Johnston has the longest life span of any governor, 97 years
J. Howard Edmondson has the shortest life span of any governor, 46 years
No governor has died while in office
Three governors have been impeached, two were removed from office

Lee Cruce in 1912, found not guilty of charges
John C. Walton in 1923, removed from office
Henry S. Johnston in 1929, removed from office

Between the deaths of Lee Cruce in 1933 and David Hall in 2016, former governors have died in every decade except in the 1980s
Ten governors were actually born in Oklahoma
Governors have been born in ten states and the federal district

Oklahoma
Kansas

Born in 1896, Robert S. Kerr was the first governor born in what would become Oklahoma
Born in 1908, Raymond D. Gary was the first governor born in Oklahoma after statehood in 1907
E. W. Marland has the shortest post-governorship, 2 years
George Nigh has the longest post-governorship, 16 years between 1963 and 1979, and nearly 31 years between 1987 and today, for a total of nearly 47 years.
Of the 26 people to hold the office of governor through 2013, twenty-one have been Democrats and five have been Republicans.
Mary Fallin is the first, and currently, the only female governor.
Two governors are relatives:

William H. Murray was the father of Johnston Murray

There are currently five living former governors

George Nigh
David L. Boren
David Walters
Frank Keating
Brad Henry

Three Lieutenant Governors have been elevated to the governorship

Martin E. Trapp in 1923
William J. Holloway in 1929
George Nigh in 1963 and in 1979

Five governors have served more than one term

George Nigh
Henry Bellmon
Frank Keating
Brad Henry
Mary Fallin

Two governors have served nonconsecutive terms

George Nigh in 1963 and 1979
Henry Bellmon in 1963 and 1987

Four governors have served two consecutive terms

George Nigh from 1979 to 1987
Frank Keating from 1995 to 2003
Brad Henry from 2003 to 2011
Mary Fallin from 2011 to present

Two governors have resigned

J. Howard Edmondson in 1963 to become a United States Senator
David L. Boren in 1979 to become a United States Senator


document_title: The Greatest Showman

question_text: who played young pt barnum in the greatest showman

root

text: The Greatest Showman

text: Plot[edit]

text: P. T. Barnum and his troupe perform a show at the circus ("The Greatest Show"). In a flashback to Barnum's childhood where he and his father Philo, a tailor, work for the Hallett family, he becomes infatuated with their daughter, Charity. Though Charity is being sent to finishing school, Barnum reassures her they will not be separated. The two keep in touch through letters until they meet again in adulthood ("A Million Dreams"), eventually marrying and raising two daughters, Caroline and Helen, in New York City ("A Million Dreams" reprise). They live a humble life; though Charity is happy, Barnum dreams of more.

tag: p

text: Barnum loses his job as a clerk at a shipping company after the company goes bankrupt. Taking a risky bet, he takes out a large loan from a bank, deceiving the bank into accepting his former employer's lost ships as collateral. He uses this loan to buy Barnum's American Museum in downtown Manhattan, an attraction showcasing various wax models. Initially, sales are slow; on the suggestion of his children to showcase something "alive", Barnum searches for "freaks" to serve as performers for his museum ("Come Alive"). This attracts a large audience despite protests and poor reviews, prompting Barnum to rename his venture "Barnum's Circus".

text: Searching for ways to further his reputation amongst the upper class, Barnum meets playwright Phillip Carlyle and convinces him to join his venture ("The Other Side"). Carlyle is enchanted with Anne Wheeler, an African-American trapeze artist, but he hides his feelings. During a trip Carlyle arranged for Barnum and his troupe to meet Queen Victoria, Barnum meets Jenny Lind, a famed Swedish singer, whom he convinces to perform in America, with him serving as her manager. Lind's first American performance is a rousing success ("Never Enough"). While Barnum gains favor with the aristocratic patrons, he begins to distance himself from his original troupe, refusing to socialize with them. Dejected, they decide to stand against their local harassers ("This Is Me").

text: Carlyle and Wheeler attend the theatre together one night, only to run into Carlyle's parents, who insult Wheeler's lowly status, causing her to leave. Carlyle chases her and tries to convince her that they can be together, but she rejects him despite her feelings towards him ("Rewrite the Stars"). As Barnum takes Lind on a US tour, Charity feels isolated from her husband as she stays home with their daughters ("Tightrope"). While on tour, Lind begins falling in love with Barnum, but when he refuses her advances, she calls off the tour and kisses him at the end of her last show, which is photographed by the press ("Never Enough" reprise). Barnum returns home to find his circus on fire, caused by a fight between the protesters and the troupe. Carlyle, who had tried to save Anne not knowing she had already escaped, is rescued by Barnum amid the chaos but suffers severe burns. Most of the sets and props are destroyed. Word of Lind's cancellation and Barnum's public intimacy also reaches New York, resulting in his mansion being foreclosed upon and Charity taking Caroline and Helen to her parents' home.

text: Depressed, Barnum retreats to a local pub, where his troupe find him there and explain that their own mothers were ashamed of them, and how unimpressed they are with him for giving up on them too, thinking that maybe he is a fraud, which causes him to realize the circus was for his friends and family rather than for himself. Meanwhile, the injured Carlyle wakes in a hospital with Wheeler by his side and they share a kiss ("From Now On").

text: Barnum leaves and finds his estranged wife, and they decide to mend their relationship. Faced with the financial difficulty of rebuilding the circus, the recovering Carlyle steps in, offering to use his earnings from his share of the circus's profits to rebuild it under the condition of becoming partners, which Barnum happily accepts. As rebuilding the circus in its original location would be too expensive, Barnum rebuilds it as an open-air tent circus by the docks. The revamped circus is a huge success, and Barnum gives full control of the show to Carlyle so he can focus on his family ("The Greatest Show" reprise).

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hugh Jackman as P. T. Barnum, an ambitious showman and entrepreneur.

Ellis Rubin as Young P. T. Barnum

Ziv Zaifman provides Young P. T. Barnum's singing voice.

Zac Efron as Phillip Carlyle, a playwright who becomes Barnum's partner. His character is partly based on James Anthony Bailey.
Michelle Williams as Charity Hallett-Barnum, the wife of P.T. Barnum.

Skylar Dunn as Young Charity

Rebecca Ferguson as Jenny Lind, a famous Swedish singer known as the "Swedish Nightingale".

Loren Allred provides Lind's singing voice.[8][9]

Zendaya as Anne Wheeler, an acrobat, trapeze artist, W.D.'s younger sister and Phillip Carlyle's love interest. Her character is partly based on Ruth Louisa McCaddon.
Keala Settle as Lettie Lutz, a bearded lady. She is a composite character partly based on Josephine Clofullia and Annie Jones.
Yahya Abdul-Mateen II as W. D. Wheeler, an acrobat and Anne's brother.
Natasha Liu Bordizzo as Deng Yan, a Chinese blade-specialist.
Paul Sparks as James Gordon Bennett, the founder, editor and publisher of the New York Herald.
Sam Humphrey as Charles Stratton, a dwarf performer who is also known by his stage name, General Tom Thumb.

James Babson provides Stratton's speaking and singing voice.

Austyn Johnson as Caroline Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Cameron Seely as Helen Barnum, one of Barnum's daughters.
Eric Anderson as Mr. O'Malley, a former thief whom Barnum employs at his circus.
Daniel Everidge as The Lord of Leeds, The Huge Man.
Timothy Hughes as Strong Man
Jeremy Hudson as The Elephant-skinned Man
Caoife Coleman and Mishay Petronelli as the Albino Twins
Shannon Holtzapffel as Prince Constantine, The Tattooed Man.
Luciano Acuna Jr. as Fedor Jeftichew, The Dog Boy.
Danial Son and Yusaku Komori as Chang and Eng Bunker, The "Siamese Twins"
Jonathan Redavid as Frank Lentini, The Three-Legged Man.
Nick Jantz as Jeff Harris, The Juggler
Damian Young as Mr. Winthrop
Tina Benko as Mrs. Winthrop
Gayle Rankin as Queen Victoria.
Will Swenson as Philo Barnum, a tailor and the father of P. T. Barnum.
Fredric Lehne as Benjamin Hallett, father of Charity and abusive father-in-law of Barnum.
Kathryn Meisle as Hannah Hallett, mother of Charity and mother-in-law of Barnum.

tag: ul

text: Production[edit]

text: The project was first announced in 2009, with Jackman already set for the title role.[10] In August 2011, Michael Gracey was chosen to direct.[11] In 2013, Fox hired lyricists Pasek and Paul to write the songs.[12]

text: On June 15, 2016, Zac Efron began negotiations to star in the film,[13] and in July 2016, Michelle Williams was cast.[14][15][16][17] The film was choreographed by Ashley Wallen.[18]

text: Filming[edit]

text: Rehearsals on the film began in October 2016 in New York City, and principal photography began on November 22, 2016.[19][20]

text: Post-production[edit]

text: In December 2017, it was reported that James Mangold, who had worked with Jackman on several projects (including 2017's Logan), had been brought in to serve as an executive producer during the film's post-production. In an interview, director Michael Gracey noted, "There were eight producers on this film, and it was amazing having one of them be a filmmaker."[21]

text: Music[edit]

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: Benj Pasek and Justin Paul wrote nine songs.[22]

text:
"The Greatest Show" – Hugh Jackman, Keala Settle, Zac Efron, Zendaya
"A Million Dreams" – Ziv Zaifman, Jackman, Michelle Williams
"A Million Dreams" (Reprise) – Austyn Johnson, Cameron Seely, Jackman
"Come Alive" – Jackman, Settle, Daniel Everidge, Zendaya
"The Other Side" – Jackman & Efron
"Never Enough" – Loren Allred
"This Is Me" – Settle
"Rewrite the Stars" – Efron & Zendaya
"Tightrope" – Williams
"Never Enough" (Reprise) – Allred
"From Now On" – Jackman

tag: ol

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: The soundtrack album is produced by Greg Wells, Justin Paul, and Benj Pasek, featuring eleven tracks performed by the cast. In the United Kingdom it became only the second album in 30 years to achieve 11 consecutive weeks at number 1.[23] The Greatest Showman now draws level with Adele's 21 for the longest unbroken run at the UK summit in the last 30 years. The cast album is now at 465,000 combined units, according to the Official Charts Company, made up of 197,000 physical copies, 107,000 downloads and 35% streaming.[24]

text: Release[edit]

text: The Greatest Showman held its premiere on December 8, 2017, aboard the RMS Queen Mary 2, while it was docked in New York City. The film was then released in the United States on December 20, 2017.[25][26] Like Disney's live-action Beauty and the Beast, a sing-along version of the film was released in the United Kingdom on February 23, 2018.[27] The film had a limited IMAX release on February 2.

text: Marketing[edit]

text: On June 28, 2017, 20th Century Fox released the first international trailer to promote the film. On November 13, 2017, the second trailer was released.[28]

text: On December 17, 2017, Fox televised a live performance of "Come Alive" from Warner Bros. Studios during its live musical special A Christmas Story Live! (which was based on fellow Pasek and Paul work A Christmas Story: The Musical). The number featured the film's stars and a cast of 150 dancers.[29][30]

text: Home media[edit]

text: In the United States, the film was released via digital download on March 20, 2018, and was released on Blu-ray, DVD and 4K Ultra HD on April 10, 2018.[31] In the United Kingdom, the film was released first on digital download on April 27, 2018, while Blu-ray, 4K Ultra HD and DVD copies went on sale on May 14. These versions include the sing-along version, two hours of behind-the-scenes footage and music machine jukebox features.[32]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Box office[edit]

text: As of May 22, 2018[update], The Greatest Showman has grossed $174 million in the United States and Canada, and $258.6 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $432.6 million, against a production budget of $84 million.[3] It is the fourth- and fifth-highest grossing musical ever in North America and globally, respectively, and Deadline Hollywood estimated the film should turn a profit between $50–100 million.[33]

text: In the United States and Canada, The Greatest Showman was released alongside Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle, and was projected to gross around $21 million from 3,006 theaters over its first six days.[34][35] It took in $2 million on its first day and $2 million on its second. Over the three day weekend, it grossed $9 million (for a six-day total of $19 million), finishing fourth at the box office, behind Star Wars: The Last Jedi, Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle and Pitch Perfect 3.[36] In its second weekend, the film grossed $15.5 million, again finishing 4th at the box office.[37] The weekend-to-weekend increase of 76.3% marked the largest ever for a film playing in over 3,000 theaters, and the fourth biggest ever.[38][39] In its third week, the film dropped 11% to $14 million.[40]

text: The film made $13 million in its fourth weekend and $11 million in its fifth, finishing 4th and 5th at the box office, respectively.[41] The film continued to hold well in its sixth week of release, grossing $9.5 million and returning to 4th place,[42] and again finished fourth in its seventh week, this time grossing $7.8 million (a drop of just 18%).[43] It is the 13th highest-grossing film to never top the American box office.[44]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 56% based on 207 reviews, and an average rating of 6/10. The website's critical consensus reads, "The Greatest Showman tries hard to dazzle the audience with a Barnum-style sense of wonder – but at the expense of its complex subject's far more intriguing real-life story."[45] On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 48 out of 100, based on 43 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[46] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale, while it earned a 70% "definite recommend" from comScore.[36]

text: Owen Gleiberman of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing, "The Greatest Showman is a concoction, the kind of film where all the pieces click into place, yet at an hour and 45 minutes it flies by, and the link it draws between P.T. Barnum and the spirit of today is more than hype."[47] Richard Roeper of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3/4 stars, saying, "With all that corn and cheese and old-timey sentiment, The Greatest Showman ends up scoring some very timely social arguments. P.T. Barnum himself would have approved the dramatic sleight of hand."[48] Steve Persall of Tampa Bay Times gave the film an 'A', and said, "The Greatest Showman is the feel-good movie the holiday season needs,"[49] while William Bibbiani of IGN gave The Greatest Showman a score of 7.9/10, and called the film, "wildly entertaining."[50]

text: Britton Peele of The Dallas Morning News said, "The story is interesting and the beats are well-acted, but it's the musical numbers that make The Greatest Showman."[51] Jackie K Cooper of HuffPost gave the film a score of 10/10 and wrote, "You will be overwhelmed by the music and magic that explode on the screen. The film has a message that should resonate with today's world concerning acceptance and courage."[52] Hugh Armitage of Digital Spy said, "The Greatest Showman is a broad and solid crowd-pleaser. An undemanding spectacle for all the family."[53] Alan Jones of Radio Times called it "A joyously uplifting potpourii of visual resplendence, stylish choreography and solid gold magic, one engineered to approximate the lavish spectacle the movie musical once offered."[54]

text: Sheila O'Malley of RogerEbert.com gave it 3.5/4, stating "The Greatest Showman is an unabashed piece of pure entertainment punctuated by memorable songs."[55] Douglas Davidson of CLTure called the film, "An undeniable spectacle with a infectious soundtrack, a movie that dazzles and delights."[56] James Berardinelli of ReelViews gave the film a 3/4 score, and said, "The film has show-stopping well-choreographed numbers with catchy tunes,"[57] and Calvin Wilson of St. Louis Post-Dispatch called the film "highly enjoyable."[58]

text: Carl Kozlowski of Pasadena Weekly gave the film an 'A', calling it "Groundbreaking & grandly innovative."[59] Sean P. Means of The Salt Lake Tribune gave The Greatest Showman 3.5/4 stars, stating, "A strong cast give emotional power to this romanticized, tune-filled biography."[60] Manuela Lazic of Little White Lies gave it 4/5, saying, "The Greatest Showman deserves to become a Christmas classic. The film's severe romanticism and ridiculous but affecting enthusiasm make it irresistibly life-affirming."[61] Pete Hammond of Deadline Hollywood gave the film 4 out of 5 stars and called it, "A fantasia of song and dance, a joyous exercise in pure entertainment that is made for the holiday crowd."[62]

text: Conversely, Mick LaSalle of the San Francisco Chronicle gave the film a negative review, criticizing the songs and characters and saying "There's idiotic, and there's magnificent, but The Greatest Showman is that special thing that happens sometimes. It's magnificently idiotic. It's an awful mess, but it's flashy. The temptation is to cover your face and watch it through your fingers, because it's so earnest and embarrassing and misguided – and yet it's well-made."[63] In a negative review for The Hollywood Reporter, David Rooney wrote "This ersatz portrait of American big-top tent impresario P.T. Barnum is all smoke and mirrors, no substance. It hammers pedestrian themes of family, friendship and inclusivity while neglecting the fundaments of character and story."[64]

text: Writing for Rolling Stone, Peter Travers gave the film 1.5 out of 4 stars, saying, "How do you cast a virtuoso Hugh Jackman as P.T. Barnum, spare no expense in production values, add a score by Oscar and Tony winners Benj Pasek and Justin Paul and still end up with the shrill blast of nothing that is The Greatest Showman? Ask first-time director Michael Gracey, who cut his teeth on commercials and music videos without ever mastering the crucial knack of building snippets of musical comedy and drama into a satisfying whole."[65] Justin Chang of the Los Angeles Times wrote that the film's failures "are rooted in something deeper: a dispiriting lack of faith in the audience's intelligence, and a dawning awareness of its own aesthetic hypocrisy. You've rarely seen a more straight-laced musical about the joys of letting your freak flag fly."[66]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Award
Date of ceremony
Category
Recipient(s) and nominee(s)
Result
Ref(s)

AARP's Movies for Grownups Awards
February 5, 2018
Best Grownup Love Story
The Greatest Showman
Won
[67][68]

Academy Awards
March 4, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[69][70]

Casting Society of America
January 18, 2018
Big Budget – Comedy
Bernard Telsey, Tiffany Little Canfield, Rori Bergman and Patrick Goodwin
Won
[71]

Costume Designers Guild
February 20, 2018
Excellence in Period Film
Ellen Mirojnick
Nominated
[72]

Critics' Choice Movie Awards
January 11, 2018
Best Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[73]

Dorian Awards
February 24, 2018
Campy Flick of the Year
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[74]
[75]

Empire Awards
March 18, 2018
Best Costume Design
The Greatest Showman
Nominated
[76]
[77]

Best Make-up And Hairstyling
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Georgia Film Critics Association
January 12, 2018
Best Original Song
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[78]

Golden Globe Awards
January 7, 2018
Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
Hugh Jackman
Nominated
[79]

Best Motion Picture – Musical or Comedy
The Greatest Showman
Nominated

Best Original Song – Motion Picture
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Won

Golden Reel Awards
February 18, 2018
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Editing – Musical
Jen Monnar, Jim Harrison, Jeff Carson, Peter Myles and Sheri Ozeki
Won
[80]

Guild of Music Supervisors Awards
February 8, 2018
Best Music Supervision for Film: Budgeted Over 25 Million Dollars
Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated
[81]

Best Song/Recording Created for a Film
"This Is Me" – Benj Pasek and Justin Paul
Nominated

Heartland Film Festival
December 31, 2017
Truly Moving Picture Award
Michael Gracey
Won
[82]

Make-Up Artists and Hair Stylists Guild
February 24, 2018
Feature Motion Picture: Best Period and/or Character Makeup
Nicki Ledermann, Tania Ribalow and Sunday Englis
Nominated
[83]

Saturn Awards
June 2018
Best Action or Adventure Film
The Greatest Showman
Pending
[84]

Best Costume Design
Ellen Mirojnick
Pending

Best Music
John Debney and Joseph Trapanese
Pending

tag: table


document_title: List of Los Angeles Dodgers team records

question_text: who hit the most home runs for the dodgers

text: Individual Single-Season Records[edit]

text: Batting Records[edit]

text:
Batting Average: Babe Herman, .393 (1930)
On-base percentage: Babe Herman, .455 (1930)
Slugging Percentage: Babe Herman, .678 (1930)
At Bats: Maury Wills, 695 (1962)
Runs: Hub Collins, 148 (1890)
Hits: Babe Herman, 241 (1930)
Total Bases: Babe Herman, 416 (1930)
Singles: Willie Keeler, 187 (1899)
Doubles: Johnny Frederick, 52 (1929)
Triples: George Treadway, 26 (1894)
Home Runs: Shawn Green, 49 (2001)
Grand Slams: Kal Daniels 3 (1990), Mike Piazza, 3 (1998), Adrián Beltré, 3 (2004) Chris Taylor, 3 (2017)
Walks: Eddie Stanky, 148 (1945)
Strikeouts: Matt Kemp, 170 (2010), Joc Pederson, 170 (2015)
Stolen Bases: Maury Wills, 104 (1962)
Stolen Bases of Home: Pete Reiser, 7 (1947)
Runs Batted In: Tommy Davis, 153 (1962)
Extra-Base Hits: Babe Herman, 94 (1930)
Hit By Pitch: Hughie Jennings, 20 (1900)
Sacrifice Hits: Jake Daubert, 39 (1915)
Sacrifice Flies: Gil Hodges, 19 (1954)
Grounded into Double Plays: Carl Furillo, 27 (1956) and Eric Karros, 27 (1996)
Hitting streak: Willie Keeler, 45 games (1896-97); included a 44-game streak to start the 1897 season

text: Pitching Records[edit]

text:
Wins: Bob Caruthers, 40 (1889)
Losses: George Bell, 27 (1910)
Earned Run Average: Hong-Chih Kuo, 1.20 (2010)
Pitching Strikeouts: Sandy Koufax, 382 (1965)
Innings Pitched: Brickyard Kennedy, 382.2 (1893)
Games: Mike Marshall, 106 (1974)
Games Started: Bill Terry, 44 (1890), George Haddock, 44 (1892), Brickyard Kennedy, 44 (1893)
Complete Games: Brickyard Kennedy, 40 (1893)
Shutouts: Sandy Koufax, 11 (1963)
Saves: Éric Gagné, 55 (2003)
Base on Balls: Bill Donovan, 151 (1901)
Hit Batsmen: Joe McGinnity, 41 (1900)
Wild Pitches: Hideo Nomo, 19 (1995)
Runs Allowed: Harry McIntyre, 188 (1905)
Earned Runs Allowed: Burleigh Grimes, 138 (1925)
Hits Allowed: Joe McGinnity, 364 (1900)
Home Runs Allowed: Don Sutton, 38 (1970)

text: Fielding Records[edit]

text:
Most Putouts: Steve Garvey, 1,606 (1977)
Most Assists: Bill Russell, 560 (1973)
Most Total Chances: Steve Garvey, 1,669 (1977)
Most Double Plays: Gil Hodges, 171 (1951)
Highest Fielding Average by an Infielder: Steve Garvey, 998 1653 chances (1976)
Highest Fielding Average by an Outfielder: Brett Butler, 1.000 380 chances (1991), Brett Butler, 1.000 375 chances (1993)
Fewest Errors by an Infielder: Steve Garvey, 3 1653 chances (1976)
Fewest Errors by an Outfielder: Brett Butler, 0 380 chances (1991), Brett Butler, 0 375 chances (1993)
Most Errors: Bill Joyce, 107 (1891)

text: Career Records[edit]

text: Batting Records[edit]

text:
Games: Zack Wheat, 2,322
At Bats: Zack Wheat, 8859
Batting average: Willie Keeler, .360
Home runs: Duke Snider, 389
Run Batted In: Duke Snider, 1271
Runs: Pee Wee Reese, 1338
Hits: Zack Wheat, 2804
Doubles: Zack Wheat, 464
Triples: Zack Wheat, 171
Stolen Bases: Maury Wills, 490
Total Bases: Zack Wheat, 4,003
Extra-Base Hits: Duke Snider, 814
Walks: Pee Wee Reese, 1210
Strikeouts: Duke Snider, 1123
Slugging Percent (1,800+ AB): Gary Sheffield, .573
Pinch-Hits: Dave Hansen, 110

text: Pitching Records[edit]

text:
Games: Don Sutton, 550
Games Started: Don Sutton, 533
Complete Games: Brickyard Kennedy, 279
Innings Pitched: Don Sutton, 3,814.0
Wins: Don Sutton, 233
Losses: Don Sutton, 181
Strikeouts: Don Sutton, 2696
Earned Run Average: Jeff Pfeffer, 2.31
Saves: Kenley Jansen, 200 *
Hits: Don Sutton, 3,291
Walks: Brickyard Kennedy, 1,128
Shutouts: Don Sutton, 52

text: * Active

text: Team Season Records[edit]

text:
Games: 165 (1962)
Wins: 105 (1953)
Losses: 104 (1905)
Highest Winning Percentage: .682 (1953)
Lowest Winning Percentage: .316 (1905)

text: Batting Records[edit]

text:
Batting Average: .313 (1894)
Hits: 1654 (1930)
Singles: 1223 (1925)
Runs: 1021 (1894)
Doubles: 303 (1930)
Triples: 130 (1894)
Stolen Bases: 409 (1892)
Home Runs: 211 (2000)
Grand Slams: 8 (1952)
Pinch-Homers: 12 (2000)
Runs Batted In: 887 (1953)
Total Bases: 2545 (1953)
Extra-Base Hits: 541 (1953)
Slugging Percent: .474 (1953)
On-Base Percent: .378 (1894)
Hit by Pitch: 125 (1899)
Left On Base: 1278 (1947)
Walks: 732 (1947)
Intentional Bases on Balls: 91 (1956)
Most Strikeouts: 1190 (1996)
Fewest Strikeouts: 318 (1922)

text: Pitching Records[edit]

text:
Saves: 58 (2003)
Complete Games: 135 (1904)
Most Innings Pitched: 1491 (1973)
Most Runs Allowed: 1007 (1894)
Fewest Runs Allowed: 463 (1918)
Most Earned Runs Allowed: 743 (1929)
Fewest Earned Runs Allowed: 336 (1916)
Most Hits Allowed: 1608 (1925)
Fewest Hits Allowed: 1024 (1918)
Fewest Walks Allowed: 258 (1919)
Most Walks Allowed: 671 (1946)
Most Strikeouts: 1232 (1997)
Fewest Strikeouts: 216 (1895)
Most Shutouts: 24 (1963, 1988)
Lowest Earned Run Average: 2.12 (1916)
Most Wild Pitches: 70 (1894, 1958)
Most Homers Allowed: 192 (1999)
Fewest Homers Allowed: 10 (1902)
Most Hit Batters: 75 (2000)
Most Balks: 30 (1988)

text: Fielding Records[edit]

text:
Highest Fielding Percent: .988 (2004)
Lowest Fielding Percent: .924 (1891)
Most Putouts: 4480 (2005)
Fewest Putouts: 3992 (1938)
Most Assists: 1946 (1982)
Fewest Assists: 1573 (1961)
Most Total Chances: 6550 (1982)
Fewest Total Chances: 5845 (1938)
Most Errors: 432 (1891)
Fewest Errors: 73 (2004)
Most Double Plays: 198 (1958)
Fewest Double Plays: 73 (1891, 1906)
Fewest Passed Balls: 4 (1933, 1951, 1953, 1954)
Most Consecutive Errorless Games: 11 (May 5-16, 1979)


document_title: 2016 CrossFit Games

question_text: who won the 2016 men's individual crossfit games

question_tokens: who won the 2016 men 's individual crossfit games

text: 2016 CrossFit Games

text: Individual[edit]

text: Wednesday, July 20, 2016[edit]

text: In celebration of the tenth Crossfit Games, the first day of events for the Individual Men and Women divisions took place at the site of the first three CrossFit Games at the Ranch in Aromas, California (a site owned by the family of the head of the CrossFit Games, Dave Castro). The competitors left Carson in the morning and flew into San Jose, California, in order to participate in the first three events.[5] Unfortunately, on the return trip that evening, Southwest Airlines suffered a technical glitch grounding several flights and creating many delays.[6] Some athletes reported that they did not return to their Carson hotel until after midnight Thursday morning.

text: Events 1 and 2: Ranch Trail Run to Ranch Deadlift Ladder[edit]

text: 7 kilometer trail run

text: Followed by:

text: Deadlift ladder

text: Event 1 was a seven kilometer run was based around a similar event in the 2009 CrossFit Games. Mat Fraser and Samantha Briggs were the winners of this event.[7] The second event was a deadlift ladder where the competitors had to lift in reverse order of finish in the previous event. The start of Event 2 had the last place finisher start the event first, ten minutes after completing the run. The men's weight started at 425 pounds and ended at 615 pounds while the women's weight started at 275 pounds and ended at 415 pounds.[5] Sam Dancer (the last place finisher on the run) and Brooke Wells (who took 37th of 40 on the run) both won the event by completing the ladder.[7]

text: Event 3: Ranch Mini Chipper[edit]

text:
50 wall ball shots
25 medicine ball GHD sit-ups
Hill sprint with medicine ball

text: The last event was a "chipper," a workout involving multiple exercises done sequentially without returning (as in "chipping away" at the number of repetitions) for the fastest time. The competitors started with 50 wall ball shots, a squat into tossing a medicine ball 9 or 10 feet up to target on a wall. Once completed, they performed 25 sit-ups with the medicine ball on a glute-hamstring developer (GHD), a piece of equipment where the feet lock in and the sit-up is performed at a greater range of motion. The chipper was finished with a hill sprint while carrying the medicine ball. The men used a 30-pound medicine ball and the women used a 20-pound medicine ball.[8] Brent Fikowski and Annie Thorisdottir won the event.[7]

text: Thursday, July 21, 2016[edit]

text: Event 4: Ocean Swim[edit]

text: 500 meter ocean swim

text: The only event of day two was an out-and-back ocean swim at Redondo Beach, California. Tia-Clair Toomey and Jonne Koski won with times of 7:28 and 6:54 respectively.[7]

text: Friday, July 22, 2016[edit]

text: Event 5: Murph[edit]

text: While wearing a weighted vest:

text:
1 mile run
100 pull-ups
200 push-ups
300 air squats
1 mile run

text: This specific workout was created in honor of US Navy SEAL Lt. Michael P. Murphy, who was killed in Afghanistan on July 28, 2005. "Murph" is probably CrossFit's most famous "Hero" workout (a specific routine named in honor of a fallen hero) and Murph is usually performed by American affiliates on Memorial Day. The announcement of this event was controversial because it was also done in the 2015 CrossFit Games where a number of athletes suffered serious heat injuries.[9] The weighted vests were 20lbs. for men and 14lbs. for the women. The exercises between the runs was broken up into five rounds of 20 pull-ups, 40 push-ups, and 60 air squats. Josh Bridges and Kari Pearce won the event.

text: Event 6: Squat Clean Pyramid[edit]

text:
10 squat cleans at 245 lbs for men and 165 lbs for women
8 squat cleans at 265 lbs for men and 180 lbs for women
6 squat cleans at 285 lbs for men and 195 lbs for women
4 squat cleans at 305 lbs for men and 205 lbs for women
2 squat cleans at 325 lbs for men and 215 lbs for women[10]

text: Squat cleans are a common movement used in weightlifting with the requirement that the competitor must squat below parallel on the clean. The athletes performed a decreasing number of repetitions at increasing weights. Alex Anderson and Kara Webb won the event.[7]

text: Event 7: Double DT[edit]

text: 10 rounds for time with a 155-pound barbell for the men and a 105-pound barbell for the women:

text:
12 deadlifts
9 hang power cleans
6 jerks

text: "DT" is a CrossFit hero workout named for fallen airman USAF SSgt. Timothy P. Davis, and usually performed for five rounds.[11] In the 2015 Games, fans were given a vote for either Heavy DT or Double DT and the heavy version was chosen, so Double DT was programmed for the 2016 Games. Katrín Davíðsdóttir and Samuel Kwant won the event.[7]

text: Saturday, July 23, 2016[edit]

text: Event 8: Climbing Snail[edit]

text: Three rounds for time of:

text:
500 meter berm run
2 rope ascents
40 foot snail push
2 rope ascents – except for the final round.

text: The event took place inside the soccer stadium and consisted of running across the field and through the rope climbing rig and then up the stairs and behind the jumbotron at the StubHub Center. On the return, the athletes then had to climb up a rope in the middle of the field. The rope was situated so that the bottom of the rope was above the heads of the athletes so that they had to jump up to grab the rope and do the first pulls without using their legs. The final movement was pushing what was called a "snail," a large heavy barrel that had to be rolled for 40 feet. The event was won Samantha Briggs and Brent Fikowski.

text: Event 9: The Separator[edit]

text: This event was performed in a different order for the Men and Women's competition.

text:
12 ring handstand push-ups
15 back squats at 225 pounds
20 burpees
9 ring handstand push-ups
18 front squats at 205 pounds
20 burpees
6 ring handstand push-ups
21 overhead squats at 185 pounds
20 burpees

text:
15 back squats at 165 pounds
20 burpees
6 ring handstand push-ups
18 front squats at 145 pounds
20 burpees
4 ring handstand push-ups
21 overhead squats at 125 pounds
20 burpees
2 ring handstand push-ups

text: The handstand push-ups where done in gymnastic rings and it was the second time the movement has been done at the CrossFit Games. It also had strict point penalties for any athletes that could not either finish the first set for the men or one push-up for the women. The event was won by Kari Pearce and Cole Sager.

text: Event 10: 100%[edit]

text: For time:

text:
40 box jump overs (30 inches high for men, 24 inches high for women)
20 D-ball cleans (150 pound ball for men, 100 pound ball for women)

text: This event was won by Alessandra Pichelli and Brent Fikowski.

text: Sunday, July 24, 2016[edit]

text: Event 11: Handstand Walk[edit]

text: 280 foot handstand walk for time[12]

text: Jacob Heppner and Katrín Davíðsdóttir won.[7]

text: Event 12: Suicide Sprint[edit]

text: 840 foot shuttle sprint for time

text: On the same field that the handstand walk, the athletes ran one-third of the way down and back, two-thirds of the way down and back and then all the way down and back.[12] Tia Toomey and Roy Gamboa won.[7]

text: Event 13: The Plow[edit]

text: 560 foot plow drag (235 pounds for men, 190 pounds for women)[12]

text: Garret Fisher and Katrín Davíðsdóttir won.[7]

text: Event 14: The Rope Chipper[edit]

text:
200m SkiErg
50 doubles unders for men, 40 for women
200m row
50 double unders for men, 40 for women
0.4 mile Assault AirBike
50 double unders for men, 40 for women
200 m row
50 double unders for men, 40 for women
200m SkiErg
90 foot sled pull (310 pounds for men, 220 for women)[12]

text: Anna Tunnicliffe and Brent Fikowski won.[7]

text: Event 15: Redemption[edit]

text:
3 peg board ascents
21 thrusters
2 peg board ascent
15 thrusters
1 peg board ascent
9 thrusters

text: The event featured the return appearance of the peg board ascents that premiered one year earlier. Many competitors failed to complete the peg board ascents in the previous year, hence, the name of this event being "Redemption." A thruster in CrossFit is a combination of a front squat and push press in one continuous movement and the weights were 135-pounds for the men and 85-pounds for the women.[12] Zak Carchedi and Alexis Johnson won.[7]

text: Podium finishers[edit]

text: Individuals and teams[edit]

text:
Place
Men
Women
Team

1st
Mathew Fraser
Katrín Tanja Davíðsdóttir
CrossFit Mayhem Freedom

2nd
Ben Smith
Tia-Clair Toomey
12 Labours CrossFit

3rd
Patrick Vellner
Ragnheiður Sara Sigmundsdottir
CrossFit Yas

text: Masters men[edit]

text:
Place
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60+

1st
Shawn Ramirez
Ron Mathews
Ron Ortiz
Will Powell
David Hippensteel

2nd
Mike Kern
Brent Maier
Marco Casali
Christian Galy
Stephen Angove

3rd
Jason Uberuaga
Robert Davis[a]
Dion Walmsley
David Gantz
Bob Caslin

text: Jump up ^ Scott Jones originally finished third in the 45-49 division but was later disqualified for testing positive for anastrozole. Davis was moved up one position.

text: Masters women[edit]

text:
Place
40-44
45-49
50-54
55-59
60+

1st
Helen Harding
Cheryl Brost
Shellie Edington
Mary Beth Prodromides
Shaun Havard

2nd
Annie Sakamoto
Tracy Shuford
Susan Habbe
Blanca Williams
Lidia Beer

3rd
Janet Black
Tonia Osborne
Diane Stuart
Lynne Knapman
Shelley Noyce

text: Teens[edit]

text:
Place
14-15 Boys
14-15 Girls
16-17 Boys
16-17 Girls

1st
Vincent Ramirez
Kaela Stephano
Nicholas Paladino
Allison Weiss

2nd
Zach Mayer
Haley Adams
George Sterner
Alexis Raptis

3rd
Tim Pearson
Clara Allen
Angelo DiCicco
Gabriela Migala

text: Guns controversy[edit]

text: In 2016, CrossFit announced that winners of the 2016 Games would receive Glock handguns as prizes, which resulted in a backlash from some CrossFit members and other sponsors.[13] The Facebook post announcing the decision attracted more than 4,000 comments, with many members drawing attention to the recent spate of mass shootings in the US. One Facebook user wrote "As a reward for fitness you can potentially shoot people?...After the worst mass shootings in USA, I hardly feel bringing a community together via guns is in the spirit of Crossfit. Shameful."[14] Title sponsor Reebok said in a statement: "While we understand CrossFit’s foundations are tied to military and first responders, we do not agree with this decision, particularly in light of current events in the United States."[15] A Change.org petition gathered more than 19,000 signatures against the partnership with Glock. In response to the criticism, director of the games, Dave Castro said, “I am one of millions of people in the U.S. who own guns for recreational and legal purposes. I compete in competitive shooting events, and I have a lot of friends in the shooting industry. Glock offered up pistols as prizes, I agreed to it.”[16] Castro later added, “Unless the state and federal laws regarding gun ownership in California and the U.S. change in the next week, then no, nothing is changing.”[15]


document_title: Apache (instrumental)

question_text: what movie has the song apache in it

question_tokens: what movie has the song apache in it

text: Apache (instrumental)

text: Composition and original recording[edit]

text: English songwriter and composer Jerry Lordan came up with the tune. The title "Apache" reflects the source of Lordan's inspiration: the 1954 American western film Apache.

text: The original recording was by British guitarist Bert Weedon in early 1960.[1] It remained unreleased for several months.[6] In mid-1960 the Shadows were on tour with Lordan as a supporting act. The band discovered "Apache" when Lordan played it on a ukulele.[1] Lordan figured the tune would fit the Shadows; the band agreed.

text: Shadows version[edit]

text: The recording was done at the EMI Abbey Road Studio in London. Singer-guitarist Joe Brown had bought an Italian-built guitar echo chamber that he did not like and gave it to Hank Marvin, who developed a distinctive sound using it and the tremolo arm of his Fender Stratocaster. Bruce Welch borrowed an acoustic Gibson J200 guitar from Cliff Richard, the heavy melodic bass was by Jet Harris, percussion was by Tony Meehan and Cliff Richard, who played a Chinese drum at the beginning and end to provide an atmosphere of stereotypically Native American music.

text: Record producer Norrie Paramor preferred the flip side, an instrumental of the army song "The Quartermaster's Stores," now called "The Quatermasster's Stores" after the TV series Quatermass. Paramor changed his mind after his daughter preferred "Apache." It has been cited by a generation of guitarists as inspirational and is considered one of the most influential British rock 45s of the pre-Beatles era. The Shadows said –

text: What's the most distinctive sound of our group ? We often wondered what it is ourselves. Really, it is the sound we had when we recorded "Apache" – that kind of Hawaiian sounding lead guitar ... plus the beat.

text: Jørgen Ingmann version[edit]

text: After the Shadows version began its rise up the UK charts, Weedon's original climbed to No. 24 in the UK.[8] However, neither the Shadows nor Weedon had any impact on North America. Then, in late 1960, Jørgen Ingmann produced his own 'twangy' multi-tracked cover version that was released in the United States in November 1960.[1] In 1961, this cover version, credited to "Jørgen Ingmann and His Guitar", made No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No. 9 on the US R&B chart.[9] The track reached No. 1 on Canada's CHUM Chart.

text: Edgar Broughton Band's "Apache Drop Out"[edit]

text: In 1970, English progressive rock group The Edgar Broughton Band released a single "Apache Drop Out," which combined "Apache" with a version of Captain Beefheart's "Drop Out Boogie." The highly unorthodox single reached No. 33 on the UK Singles Chart.[10]

text: Incredible Bongo Band version[edit]

text: A 1973 version by Michael Viner and a funk group called "The Incredible Bongo Band" added a bongo drum introduction and included more percussion. The drum break was played by legendary drummer Jim Gordon. Though this version was not a hit on its initial release, became heavily sampled in early hip hop music, including by Afrika Bambaataa, who cited its influence. It has been sampled by hip hop performers such as The Sugarhill Gang, L.L. Cool J, The Roots and Nas, techno performers Future Sound of London and Moby, and drum and bass acts J. Majik and Goldie.[4]

text: The 2013 documentary Sample This, directed by Dan Forrer and narrated by Gene Simmons, recounts the story of The Incredible Bongo Band and its recording of "Apache."[11][12]

text: Notable samples[edit]

text: The Sugarhill Gang: "Apache" (1981)[edit]

text: In 1981, the rap group known as The Sugarhill Gang covered the Incredible Bongo Band's version of the song on its second album 8th Wonder. In 1982, this version peaked at No. 53 on the Billboard Hot 100, No. 51 on the US Dance chart, and No. 13 on the US R&B chart.[13] In 1995, this version gained additional popularity after being featured in "Viva Lost Wages," a sixth-season episode of the NBC sitcom The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air,[14] as well as in "Whoops, There It Is," a subsequent clip show from the series.[15] Using the distinctive beat and bongo drums as well as Indian war cries, the Sugarhill Gang added rap lyrics with references, including:

text:
The Lone Ranger (a.k.a. "kemosabe") is mentioned extensively as well as his sidekick ("Tonto, jump on it! Jump on it! Jump on it!") and his horse ("'Hi-yo, Silver!' is what I say").
The lyric "Now what you hear is not a test" recalls the Sugarhill Gang's earlier hit "Rapper's Delight."
The song "Popcorn" by Hot Butter (who had released a version of "Apache" as a follow-up to "Popcorn") is referenced via the lyric "(What's that?) Hot buttered popcorn!"
The recording engineer for Sugar Hill Records Steve Jerome was also a member and engineer for "Popcorn" by Hot Butter.
The popcorn and its butter are referenced in lyrics right beforehand, recalling a 1976 Mazola margarine commercial "We Call It Maize" featuring a Native American woman.
The "Monster Mash" is mentioned in this song, as well as the Jerk.

text: Sir Mix-A-Lot: "Jump on It" (1996)[edit]

text: In 1996, Sir Mix-A-Lot played off the lyrics to The Sugarhill Gang's version of "Apache" in his hit version of "Jump on It," released on the album Return of the Bumpasaurus. The lyrics contained the names of cities of the United States.[16]

text: Fatboy Slim: "Apache" (1998)[edit]

text: The movie Snatch soundtrack has an extract of a DJ mix CD (On the Floor at the Boutique) by Fatboy Slim, which contained the Incredible Bongo Band version of "Apache".

text: Switch: "A Bit Patchy" (2005/2006)[edit]

text: In 2005, Switch extensively sampled the covered version by Michael Viner's Incredible Bongo Band for his track A Bit Patchy (wordplay on "Apache"). The track has since been used to advertise William Hill Online on TV, and has been remixed by artists such as Eric Prydz and Sinden.

text: Other songs that sample The Incredible Bongo Band's "Apache"[edit]

text:
DJ Grandmaster Flash interpolated parts of the Incredible Bongo Band song "Apache" in his song "The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel".
West Street Mob, a group on the Sugar Hill Records label, made a song which interpolated parts of the "Apache" song by the Incredible Bongo Band; this song was called "Break Dance (Electric Boogie)".
Young MC sampled the break in his 1988 rap "Know How", mixed with Isaac Hayes' "Theme From Shaft".
MC Hammer sampled the bongo loop in his track "Turn This Mutha Out", off the 1988 album Let's Get It Started.
Vanilla Ice sampled "Apache" in his hit song "Ninja Rap". It was also sampled in the Ultimix version of "Ice Ice Baby."
C + C Music Factory sample the start of "Apache" in the song "Things That Make You Go Hmmm..."
It was used as the beat on the song "We Run This" on Missy Elliott's album The Cookbook.
The Beastie Boys used a sample from the Incredible Bongo Band version of "Apache" in their live version of "Root Down" – most notably the version that appears on the Tibetan Freedom Concert live album.
It was also used in the original version of "Can I Get Witcha" by The Notorious B.I.G.
The British blues singer Amy Winehouse used a sample from "Apache" on her song "In My Bed" produced by Salaam Remi for her 2003 album Frank. Salaam Remi also utilized "Apache" for sampling when he produced NY Rapper Nas' hit single "Made You Look" from his 2002 release God's Son.
UK rapper M.I.A. made "Apache" the center of her 2005 Radio One B-side "Apache Riddim".
Nas sampled IBB's "Apache" in his 2003 single, "Made You Look," and on his 2006 single, "Hip Hop Is Dead".
Also in 2006, The Federation sampled a piece of the song for their single "I Only Wear My White Tees Once".
Sampled on the song "Funky" by DJ Shadow and Cut Chemist on their 2007 collaboration, "The Hard Sell".
It is used in the song "Against All Odds" by Chase & Status featuring Kano.
The Roots sample the bongo break at the beginning for their song "Thought @ Work" from their album Phrenology, which is an homage to "Men at Work" by Kool G Rap and DJ Polo, which also samples the break.
Double Dee and Steinski sampled the bongo break for their classic mash-up/collage "Lesson 1 – The Payoff Mix".
Madonna incorporated the bongo samples to "Into the Groove" during her 2008–2009 Sticky & Sweet Tour.
TLC sampled the bongo loop in the video version of their song, "Hat 2 Da Back".
Petter Askergren used bongo samples in his cover of Thomas Di Leva's hit "Dansa din djävul".
Rage Against the Machine interpolated parts of the percussion break in their cover of "Renegades of Funk.
On Missy Elliott's album The Cookbook, "We Run This" uses "Apache" as background music.

text: Other cover versions[edit]

text: From this point, the song became a staple of instrumental combos on both sides of the Atlantic. Among many recordings, Spanish rock band Los Pekenikes covered "Apache" in 1961, The Ventures in 1962 (on the album The Ventures Play Telstar and the Lonely Bull) and Davie Allan and The Arrows in 1965. Sonny James recorded a vocal music version in 1961.[4][17] It was produced in Nashville by Chet Atkins and was review-rated as a Spotlight Winner.[18] George Harrison said The Beatles used to play "Apache" as well as other Shadows' hits ("FBI", "The Frightened City") during their shows in Hamburg.[citation needed]

text:
In the 1961, Si Zentner released a version on his Big Band Plays the Big Hits album, along with "Up a Lazy River."
In 1969, Eyes of Blue released a version titled "Apache '69" under the name the Imposters. The B-side of this Mercury label release (MF1080) was the song "QIII."
In 1972 the Moog-based band of session musicians called Hot Butter released a cover version of "Apache" as follow-up to their hit "Popcorn."
In 1976 the electro-rock French band Rockets, in their first eponymous album, released a version featuring synthesizers, disco-rock drumming, and heavily treated guitars.
In the 1970s the Tennessee Farm Band did a version.
In 1977, The Tommy Seebach Band recorded a disco-styled version and filmed an accompanying music video of "Apache." Set on a rocky hillside, it featured scantily clad dancers around a grinning Tommy Seebach while he plays keyboards. This version was successful in Europe.
Black Sabbath with Tony Martin on vocals played a live cover of the song at their 1989 concert in Moscow.
Ska-Dows recorded a ska version of "Apache," including some lyrics, mostly the word "Apache!" shouted repeatedly.
The 1992 compilation album Ruby Trax features a version of "Apache" by Senseless Things.
In 1992, Norwegian a cappella group Bjelleklang recorded their version of "Apache" on the album Holiholihoo.
In 1993, General Base, one of the projects of Thomas Kukula, released "Apache" as single and it also appears on the First album.
The California Guitar Trio covered "Apache" for their 1995 album, Invitation.
In 2002 Portishead's Geoff Barrow and Adrian Utley recorded a cover version which was released on limited white, green, pink and black vinyl 7-inch single under the name The Jimi Entley Sound.
in 2003, Jimmy Thackery covered "Apache" for his album Guitar.
In 2005, the German band Scooter covered this song as an instrumental for the album Who's Got The Last Laugh Now? in a techno version. Later that year, a single was released which combined elements of "Apache" and "Rock Bottom" from the same album, known as "Apache Rocks The Bottom." This later appeared on the second Disc of the UK edition of its 2008 album Jumping All Over The World.
On the 2006 album Hier is Normaal, the Dutch band Normaal made a compilation of instrumental songs of their own and other artists. "Apache" is also in it. The song, "Varkens Pesten," means literally "bullying pigs."
French guitarist Jean-Pierre Danel recorded a version of "Apache" on his No. 1 hit album Guitar Connection (Sony Music) in 2006. The album went platinum and included a DVD on which Danel shows how to play the songs, including "Apache".
In 2010 Cisco Herzhaft performs a solo version in finger picking on his album "The Cisco's System"
"Apache" was covered by the folk band 17 Hippies on their 2007 album Heimlich.

text: Notable live covers[edit]

text:
Junior Brown regularly performs "Apache" in his live shows.
In 2010, Jeff Beck performed a version of "Apache" during his tribute concert for Les Paul in New York City; it was released in February 2011 on the CD Jeff Beck's Rock n' Roll Party Honoring Les Paul, and also performed on the DVD/Blu-ray release of the same concert, also released in February 2011.

text: Interpolations[edit]

text:
Wyclef Jean's "Masquerade" includes the melodic hook played on violin as the song closes.
"Symphony of the Nymph" (2012) by Ariel Pink's Haunted Graffiti features a melody from "Apache".
David Bowie borrowed part of the melody of Apache for the chorus of the song "How Does the Grass Grow?" from his 2013 album The Next Day.[19]

text: Soundtrack appearances[edit]

text:
A 30-second edit of The Shadows version was used in an April 1988 UK TV advertisement for Tango fizzy drink.
A version of "Apache" was used as the theme to the long-running television show Wild Chicago, which aired in Chicago on PBS.

text: Minnesota Lynx[edit]

text: The Minnesota Lynx of the WNBA adopted "Apache" as the unofficial team anthem in 2007. Following victories, the team would dance to the song at center court.[20] For the first home game of the team's first WNBA Finals appearance, the team brought in the Sugarhill Gang to perform the song at halftime.[21]


document_title: Enter the Dragon (Once Upon a Time)

question_text: who was the dragon in once upon a time

question_tokens: who was the dragon in once upon a time

text: Enter the Dragon (Once Upon a Time)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Opening Sequence[edit]

text: A tree that Maleficent left burning for eternity is shown in the forest.

text: Event Chronology[edit]

text: The Enchanted Forest events take place after "Labor of Love (Once Upon a Time)" and before "Fruit of the  Poisonous Tree". The Storybrooke events take place after "Unforgiven".

text: In the Characters' Past[edit]

text: In the Enchanted Forest, before the Dark Curse, Rumplestiltskin finds Regina exploring Maleficent's spell book. However, Rumplestiltskin tells her that she is rushing into this too fast, saying that the key to Maleficent's skills is time, and sends Regina to Maleficent's palace, where she sees a tree still burning from Maleficent's wrath "half a lifetime" after she burned down a forest. Regina enters Maleficent’s palace to discover a disheveled, depressed Maleficent; the sorceress explains that an encounter with Briar Rose drained her of all her spirit. Regina tells her that Briar Rose's daughter, Aurora, is about to be married. Regina is furious to see heroes getting happy endings, and, after Maleficent reveals that her fire and ability to transform into a dragon has disappeared, Regina decides to use the royal wedding to inspire Maleficent.

text: Regina takes Maleficent to the remnants of the forest that the sorceress once burned and shows her the tree that is burning eternally. Maleficent attempts to channel the fire back into her body but she still lacks the ability to transform and the duo are captured by King Stefan, who had ruined Maleficent's plans in the past, and his guards. Regina refuses to give up and burns through the ropes binding her hands; she throws a fireball at a guard before her magic begins to fail her, which prompts Maleficent to realize that she does not want to go down without a fight, thus rekindling her fire and allowing her to transform into her dragon form. As they reach the castle, Maleficent and Regina are able to find Aurora, whom Maleficent puts under her legendary sleeping curse. Afterwards, Regina returns to see Rumplestiltskin, who is very impressed that she helped Maleficent regain her fire. Regina reveals that she has realized that she already had the perfect teacher all along in Rumplestiltskin, and feels that there are fates worse than death, one of them being the sleeping curse.

text: In Storybrooke[edit]

text: An undercover Regina meets with Maleficent, Ursula, and Cruella to convince them that she is still a villain, and the Queens start testing Regina's loyalty to them in a night of debauchery. Mary Margaret and David worry that something has happened to Regina when she does not return as planned. After the couple finds her, Regina explains that she needs time to learn about their "very powerful" secret plan. Later on, Maleficent, Cruella, and Ursula meet with Gold, who is convinced that Regina has reverted to her evil ways because of the heartbreak she has gone through, but cryptically adds that, "When war hits Storybrooke, everyone will have to pick a side."

text: Maleficent then meets up with Regina, revealing that they, too, are after the Author and that they have leads that Regina does not. She says that The Queens are willing to share the leads if Regina helps them with a task. The Queens are planning to reverse the history and destiny of every story that was ever written in the "Once Upon a Time" fairy tale book so the heroes will become the losers this time, and Regina must go with Maleficent to steal something. When Regina tells Hook and the Charmings about this, Emma Swan decides that she will follow. At the same time, Maleficent takes Regina to Marco’s house, where it is revealed that the item they intend to steal is Pinocchio, and by kidnapping the now-human boy, it will prove to Maleficent that Regina is on their side.

text: After Regina completes the tasks by knocking both Marco and Pinocchio unconscious, Emma enters, having tracked Regina's phone, and says she thinks that things have gone too far. Regina swears to Emma that she will protect Pinocchio. Maleficent is now convinced that Regina is on their side after she completed the kidnapping of the boy, but at this point Regina decides to keep Emma from following her, and she drops her phone on purpose.

text: Hook steals Belle away from a date with Will Scarlet and tells her his suspicions that the Queens are after the Dark One’s dagger and plan to use it to force the Dark One to find the Author. The twosome agree to hide the dagger, but Belle has a strange feeling that Gold is already in Storybrooke, so Hook suggests that she try to conjure him. Belle uses the dagger to try to summon Gold, but he does not appear, and she gives the dagger to Hook and leaves. However, it is revealed that Belle calling the Dark One to her did not work because Gold was already there, masquerading as Hook in an attempt to acquire the dagger. Gold, as Hook, goes to the pawn shop to make Belle promise to never mention the events that transpired with the dagger, to which she agrees, believing it to be the safest option. He then questions her about her relationship with Will. She responds that she could never be truly over Gold but that Will makes her happy for the time being.

text: Later, Maleficent brings Regina to Gold's remote cabin, where Regina is shocked to find Gold back in Storybrooke, and with his reclaimed dagger. Gold then uses his magic to turn Pinocchio back into his older self, August Booth, who might know about the Author, now that his memories have been restored.

text: Cultural references[edit]

text:
This episode is a rendition of the Sleeping Beauty fairytale and the 1959 Disney animated movie Sleeping Beauty, with Queen Briar Rose/Sleeping Beauty, Maleficent, Princess Aurora, Prince Phillip and the King Stefan.
Aurora is humming "Once Upon a Dream" from Disney's Sleeping Beauty.

text: Reception[edit]

text: Ratings[edit]

text: The episode drew a 1.8/9 rating among 18-49s, with 5.88 million viewers, nearly 3% down from the previous outing, but was the most-watched scripted show of the night.[1]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: The episode was met with positive reviews.

text: Amy Ratcliffe of IGN said of the episode, "Maleficent is taking center stage among the Queens of Darkness so far, and while more backstories are probably ahead, they've done a solid job so far of balancing the "theme" with the primary cast. Many of them are woven into the Queens's pasts and future plans, and it's such a relief to know there is a way to tell stories about these big characters and not completely push the longtime residents of Storybrooke aside."[2] Ratcliffe gave the episode a 8.6 rating out of 10.[2] Rebecca Jane Stokes of Den of Geek gave the episode a 4 out of 5, noting the show's improvement over previous episodes, saying "After a rough couple of weeks, it was great to see Once Upon A Time do what it does really, really well -- provide a great forum for complex, strong female characters to strive, battle, fail, and persevere. Also, for them to do ridiculous things and make fools of themselves to my continual delight."[3]

text: Hilary Busis of Entertainment Weekly said, "Somebody call Valerie Cherish, because the subtitle of tonight’s Once may as well have been “The Comeback.” The hour saw three—count ‘em!—big resurgences, two in the main storyline and one in the fairyback... all of which involved villains, or at least morally ambiguous figures. (Remember when August tried to convince Rumple that he was actually Baelfire? Doesn’t that seem like it happened 75 years ago?)"[4] Jevon Phillips of The Los Angeles Times commented on Rumplestiltskin's role, simple saying he "stole the show with a few roundhouses of his own."[5]


document_title: Edelweiss (song)

question_text: who sang edelweiss in the man in the high castle

text: Edelweiss (song)

text: Writing of the song[edit]

text: While The Sound of Music was in tryouts in Boston, Richard Rodgers felt Captain von Trapp should have a song with which he would bid farewell to the Austria he knew and loved.[1] Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II decided to write an extra song that Captain von Trapp would sing in the festival concert sequence towards the end of the show.[2] As they were writing it, they felt that this song could also utilize the guitar-playing and folk-singing talents of Theodore Bikel, who had been cast as the Captain.[2] The Lindsay and Crouse script provides the metaphor of the simple edelweiss wildflower as a symbol of the Austria that Captain von Trapp, Maria, and their children knew would live on, in their hearts, despite the Nazi annexation of their homeland. The metaphor of this song builds on an earlier scene when Gretl presents a bouquet of edelweiss flowers to Baroness Elsa Schräder during her visit to the von Trapp household. Rodgers provided a simple, yet haunting and affecting waltz-time melody, to the simple Italian style ritornello lyric that Hammerstein wrote about the appearance of the edelweiss flower. This song turned out to be one of the most beloved songs in the musical, and also one of the best-loved songs of Rodgers and Hammerstein.

text: This song was the last song that Rodgers and Hammerstein wrote together; Hammerstein was suffering from stomach cancer,[3] which would take his life nine months after The Sound of Music opened on Broadway.

text: Film adaptation[edit]

text: Although the stage production uses the song only during the concert sequence, Ernest Lehman's screenplay for the film adaptation uses the song twice. Lehman created a scene that makes extra use of the song. This scene, inspired by a line in the original script by Howard Lindsay and Russel Crouse, calls for Captain von Trapp to sing this song with his children in their family drawing room and rediscover the love he felt for them, with Liesl accompanying him. Lehman also expanded the scope of the song when it was sung in the Salzburg Festival concert scene so that Captain von Trapp and his family would call the crowds to join in the song with him, in defiance of the Nazi soldiers posted around the arena.

text: Misconceptions about the song[edit]

text: The great popularity of the song in the Anglophone world has led many of its audience to believe that it is an Austrian folk song or even the official national anthem.[4] Austria's official anthem is in fact "Land der Berge, Land am Strome" and the anthem used from 1929 until the Anschluss was "Sei gesegnet ohne Ende." The edelweiss is a popular flower in Austria and was featured on the old 1 Schilling coin. It can also now be seen on the 2 cent Euro coin. The flower is protected in Austria and illegal to pick. An "edelweiss" is also worn as a cap emblem by certain Austrian Army and the German Gebirgsjäger (mountain troopers) units stationed in the nearby Bavarian Alps.[5]

text: There is similar confusion about another song co-authored by Hammerstein, "Ol' Man River" from the musical Show Boat, which is widely (though erroneously) believed to be a Negro spiritual[clarification needed].[6] The similarity in misconception about the two songs has been noted by two writers, both of whom see it as tribute to Hammerstein's talents. Alyson McLamore in her book Musical Theater: An Appreciation writes, "The last song to be written for the show was 'Edelweiss,' a tender little homage to a native flower of Austria that has the effect of authentic Austrian folksong, much as 'Ol' Man River' struck listeners as a genuine African American spiritual."[7] Hugh Fordin in his biography of Oscar Hammerstein speaks of "the ability of the authors to simulate the quality of an authentic folk song... 'Ol' Man River' had the ring of a black laborer's song... Thirty years later, 'Edelweiss' was widely believed to be an old Austrian song, though Oscar... composed it for the Sound of Music."[8]

text: Theodore Bikel, in his autobiography, Theo (2002), wrote that, after performances, he was approached by native Austrians who said they were delighted to hear that old folk tune again.

text: Legal problems[edit]

text: The estates of Rodgers and Hammerstein have not authorized the use of alternative lyrics with the melody of the song, making certain commercial uses of those versions potentially infringing if they do not fall under fair use. Rodgers stated that "he would take legal action against any group" using the "Edelweiss" melody with altered words;[9] the current rightsholders comply with his wishes, refusing to grant permission for these commercial requests, which are "inconsistent with the creators' intentions".[10]

text: Other versions[edit]

text: This article may contain indiscriminate, excessive, or irrelevant examples. Please improve the article by adding more descriptive text and removing less pertinent examples. See Wikipedia's guide to writing better articles for further suggestions. (July 2017)

text: This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Theodore Bikel, who originated the role of Captain von Trapp on Broadway, performed "Edelweiss" (as a duet with Mary Martin) on the original cast album, and included it in his album, In My Own Lifetime - 12 Musical Theater Classics.
Playback singer Bill Lee dubbed the singing voice of Christopher Plummer as Captain von Trapp in the 1965 film adaptation, and its soundtrack album, which included this song.
Josephine Siao Fong-Fong (蕭芳芳) performed a Chinese (Cantonese) version of the song in the 1967 film, Lightning Killer (閃電煞星).[11][12]
The Belgian performer Michael Junior performed this song in his concerts.
German Americans play the same tune every year during the Oktoberfest in Hard Bargain Farm, Maryland, with the ringing of cowbells.
A slightly altered version of the song has been sung by Shamrock Rovers supporters since the 1960s.
The Irish group Tony and The Graduates had a #7 hit in the Irish Charts with their cover version in November 1966.
The English singer Vince Hill reached #2 in the UK Singles Chart in 1967 with his cover version of the track.[13]
The Canadian singer Sarah Slean has performed the song as a singalong in her concerts.
Linda Eder recorded a version of the song for her 2003 album, Broadway, My Way.
10-year-old Hollie Steel performed the song on the third series of Britain's Got Talent and infamously broke down halfway through due to nerves.[14] It is also due to be her second single, for her album, Hollie, which was released on 29 March 2010.
Elaine Paige recorded the song for her 2006 album, Essential Musicals.
The virtual singer Megurine Luka performed this song.
The song was featured in a comedy skit performed by Seth MacFarlane and Alex Borstein on Seth and Alex's Almost Live Comedy Show, in which Borstein opposes MacFarlane's singing of the song, only to be jokingly reminded that, as a result of the Holocaust, Borstein's only competition as a female Jewish comedian in Hollywood is Sarah Silverman. Borstein then joins MacFarlane in singing the song.
Bryn Terfel has included this song in his 1996 Rodgers & Hammerstein album, Something Wonderful: Bryn Terfel Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein.
Julie Andrews has recorded it for her Richard Rodgers tribute album Broadway: The Music of Richard Rodgers.
Iranian singer Farhad Mehrad performed it in both Persian and English in opposition to Iran's post-revolutionary regime, pointing the similarities between Iran after revolution and Austria under Nazi occupation.
Austrian singers, Sigrid & Marina made a recording of the song in 2009.
André Rieu has recorded his own arrangement and released it on his 2002 album, Dreaming.
Tanya Donelly, best known for her work with Throwing Muses, The Breeders, and Belly recorded a version of the song which was self-released as a free download on her website, circa 2001.
Joe Junior and Sire Ma performed this song in their roles as Louis Kim and Kim Yee-Wah respectively in TVB's 2012 series Bullet Brain.
The Voice Australia contestant Celia Pavey performed and recorded Edelweiss in May 2013.
Andy Conaghan recorded the song for ABC Classics as part of a compilation album, I Dreamed a Dream: The Hit Songs of Broadway in 2013.[15]
Stephen Moyer performed the song as part of his role as Captain Georg von Trapp during the December 2013 television broadcast of The Sound of Music Live! on NBC.
The song is frequently performed by The von Trapps, the real life great-grandchildren of the Captain and Maria. It appears on their A Capella album and on their 2014 album, the latter of which is also a duet with Charmian Carr (who played Liesl in the movie).
A performance by Jeanette Olsson is used as the opening sequence music for the Amazon Original Series The Man in the High Castle.[16]
Singer/songwriter Lady Gaga performed the song along with a medley of others from the musical as part of a tribute to commemorate the 50th Anniversary of the film at the 87th Academy Awards.
Victor Garber, as his character Martin Stein impersonating Max Lorenz in a Nazi-run Parisian Nightclub, sang a cover of this song in Legends of Tomorrow.[17]
Violinist Vov Dylan recorded this track as part of his "World Lullabies" album which has been a fundraiser for Australia's branch of "Starlight Foundation"[18]