document_title: Peyton Manning

question_text: how many interceptions did peyton manning have in his rookie season

question_tokens: how many interceptions did peyton manning have in his rookie season

root

text: Peyton Manning

text: High school career

text: Manning attended Isidore Newman School in New Orleans, Louisiana, and led their football team to a 34–5 record during his three seasons as the starter.[11] He was named Gatorade Circle of Champions National Player-of-the-Year and Columbus (Ohio) Touchdown Club National Offensive Player-of-the-Year in 1993.[12] While at Newman, he began wearing the #18 jersey in honor of his older brother Cooper, who was forced to give up football due to spinal stenosis. Younger brother Eli also wore the number when he became starting quarterback. Newman has since retired the #18 jersey and it can be seen hanging in the school gym.[13] Manning was among the most sought after high school players in the country and was recruited by about 60 colleges, led by Florida, Florida State, LSU, Michigan, Tennessee, Texas, Texas A&M, and his father's alma mater, Ole Miss.[14]

tag: p

text: College career

text: Manning chose to play college football for the University of Tennessee Volunteers under head coach Phillip Fulmer.[15] Many fans were surprised that he did not pick the Ole Miss Rebels, for whom his father Archie played, and Peyton's parents received several angry phone calls and letters.[16] He became Tennessee's all-time leading passer with 11,201 yards and 89 touchdowns and won 39 of 45 games as a starter, breaking the Southeastern Conference (SEC) record for career wins.[17][18]

text: 1994 season

text: As a freshman, Manning began the season as the third-string quarterback.[19] In the season opener against UCLA, Manning was one of three quarterbacks to come off the bench after starter Jerry Colquitt suffered a season-ending injury on the seventh play of the game. However, Manning was not able to generate any offense and was pulled from the game.[20] During the season's fourth game, against Mississippi State, starter Todd Helton got injured and Manning took over.[21] The Vols lost 24–21, but Manning was named the team's starter and remained so for the rest of his college career.[22] In his first start, the following week against Washington State, the Vols won 10–9. They won all but one of their remaining games, finishing the season 8–4 with a 45–23 victory over Virginia Tech in the 1994 Gator Bowl.[23][24][25][26]

text: 1995 season

text: Manning and the Vols started off the 1995 season with victories over East Carolina and SEC rival Georgia, before heading off to Gainesville to face off against the rival Gators.[27] Against Florida, he threw for 326 yards and two touchdowns, leading the Vols to a 30–21 halftime lead. However, the Gators outscored the Vols 41–7 in the second half, winning 62–37.[28] This was the Vols' only loss of the season, as they won their remaining eight regular season games, including a 41–14 win over rival Alabama and then defeated Ohio State by a score of 20–14 in the Citrus Bowl.[29][30][31] The Vols ended the season ranked third and Manning came in sixth in Heisman Trophy voting.[32][33]

text: 1996 season

text: The Vols opened the 1996 season ranked #2 behind Nebraska and one of the favorites to win the National Championship.[34] However, after winning their first two games against UNLV and UCLA, the Vols again lost to Florida by a score of 35–29, with Manning throwing four interceptions.[35] After winning their next four games, the Vols were upset by Memphis, despite Manning passing for 296 yards.[36] The Vols won the remainder of their games, including a 48–28 win in the Citrus Bowl over Northwestern, a game in which Manning passed for 408 yards and four touchdowns; he was named the game's MVP.[37][38][39] His 243 pass completions and 63.9% completion percentage led the SEC that year.[40] In the 1996 season, Manning finished in eighth place in the Heisman Trophy voting.[41]

text: Manning completed his degree in three years, a Bachelor of Arts in speech communication,[42][43] and was projected[by whom?] to be the top overall pick in the NFL Draft, but returned to Tennessee for his senior year.[44]

text: 1997 season

text: In his senior season, the Vols opened the season with victories against Texas Tech and UCLA, but for the third time in his career, Manning fell to Florida 33–20.[45][46][47] The Vols won the rest of their regular season games, finishing 10–1, and advanced to the SEC Championship game against Auburn.[48] Down 20–7 in the second quarter, Manning led the Vols to a 30–29 comeback victory. Throwing for four touchdowns, he was named the game's MVP, but injured himself in the process.[49][50] The #3 Vols were matched-up with #2 Nebraska in the Orange Bowl; if Tennessee won and top-ranked Michigan lost to Washington State in the Rose Bowl, the Vols would have won the national championship.[51] However, the Vols' defense could not stop Nebraska's rushing attack, giving up over 400 rushing yards in a 42–17 loss.[52] As a senior, Manning won numerous awards; he was a consensus first-team All-American, the Maxwell Award winner, the Davey O'Brien Award winner, the Johnny Unitas Award winner, and the Best College Player ESPY award winner, among others.[53][54][55] He finished as the runner-up to Charles Woodson in the 1997 Heisman Trophy voting.[56] In 2005, Tennessee retired Manning's number (No. 16).[57] One of the streets leading to Neyland Stadium has been renamed Peyton Manning Pass.[58] While at the University of Tennessee, Manning excelled academically and was elected to Phi Beta Kappa Society in 1997[42] and awarded the National Football Foundation National Scholar-Athlete Award.[59]

text: Sexual harassment allegation

text: In 1996, while attending the University of Tennessee, Manning was accused of sexual harassment by female trainer Jamie Ann Naughright after he exposed his buttocks during a foot examination. Manning said that he was just pulling a prank by "mooning" another athlete in the room as Naughright bent over to examine him. Naughright settled with the university for $300,000 and resigned from the school.[60][61]

text: Post-collegiate honors

text: Manning was inducted into the Tennessee Athletics Hall of Fame in 2016.[62] He was also named the 2016 Tennessean of the Year by the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame.[63] Manning was elected to the College Football Hall of Fame in 2017, his first year of eligibility for the honor, and will be inducted during a ceremony in December. He will join his father Archie in the hall, making them the first father and son duo to both be inducted as players.[64]

text: Statistics

text:
NCAA collegiate career statistics

Tennessee Volunteers

Season
Passing
Rushing

Comp
Att
Yards
Pct.
TD
Int
QB rating
Att
Yards
Avg
TD

1994
89
144
1,141
61.8
11
6
145.2
21
-26
-1.2
1

1995
244
380
2,954
64.2
22
4
146.5
41
6
0.1
5

1996
243
380
3,287
63.9
20
12
147.7
42
-131
-3.1
3

1997
287
477
3,819
60.2
36
11
147.7
49
-30
-0.6
3

NCAA Career Totals
863
1,381
11,201
62.5
89
33
147.1
153
-181
-1.2
12

text: Professional career

text: Overview

text: Manning was selected by the Indianapolis Colts with the first overall pick of the 1998 NFL Draft.[65] He would start as a rookie and go on to play for the Colts for 13 full seasons before being sidelined by a neck injury, which cost him the entire 2011 season.[66] After recovering from the injury, he was released by the Colts and joined the Denver Broncos for whom he played from the 2012 season[67] through the 2015 season. Excluding the year lost to the neck injury, Manning played in 17 NFL seasons.[68]

text: Manning is considered to be one of the greatest NFL quarterbacks of all time.[1][69][70] He was named the NFL's most valuable player a record five times (four times as a Colt, once as a Bronco), was named to the Pro Bowl a record 14 times and named a first-team All-Pro seven times. As a starter up to the end of 2015 season, he had a career winning percentage of .702 in the regular season. He holds the NFL record for career touchdown passes and career passing yards, achieved in 2014 and 2015, respectively.

text: The most commonly cited criticism of Manning's professional career is that despite great success and gaudy statistics during the regular season, he did not enjoy similar levels of success in the post-season.[71] His career post-season record as a starter was a more modest 14-13, compared to his regular season record through the 2015 season which was 186-79. Manning won two Super Bowls (Super Bowl XLI and Super Bowl 50) and played in two others (Super Bowl XLIV and Super Bowl XLVIII), being named MVP of XLI, while losing XLIV in an upset, and managing just one successful touchdown drive in each of XLVIII and 50. During the early part of Manning's career, "his record-breaking stats were written off because of the Colts' postseason failures"; conversely he posted poor statistics in the 2015 regular season and Super Bowl 50, which would be his final season, but nonetheless won his second Super Bowl thanks to his team's defense.[72] Manning is also the only quarterback in NFL history to make the Super Bowl four times with four different head coaches (Dungy, Caldwell, Fox, and Kubiak).[73]

text: Indianapolis Colts

text: 1998 season: rookie season

text: Despite concerns about his arm strength and mobility,[74] Manning was selected first overall in the 1998 NFL Draft by the Indianapolis Colts.[75] Although many considered Washington State quarterback Ryan Leaf his rival for the first selection in the draft, and Leaf's quarterback rating was higher, all six experts Sports Illustrated consulted believed that Manning was superior.[76] Five said that they would take him first in the draft; Sid Gillman said of Manning, "this is a pro quarterback".[76] The Colts' scouts initially favored Leaf, but the team's management and coaches were gradually won over by Manning's attitude, particularly as Manning showed up prepared to a scheduled interview meeting with the Colts' staff while Leaf arrived late. Colts general manager Bill Polian who had the final say on the draft selection recalled Manning saying "I'll leave you with this thought. If you take me, I promise you we will win a championship. If you don't, I promise I'll come back and kick your ass."[77][78]

text: In his rookie season, he passed for 3,739 yards with 26 touchdowns, set five different NFL rookie records including most touchdown passes in a season, most interceptions (28) in a rookie year, and was named to the NFL All-Rookie First Team.[79][80][81][82] In his NFL debut, Manning threw his first career touchdown, a six-yard pass to Marvin Harrison, in the fourth quarter of the 24–15 loss.[83] In Week 4, against the New Orleans Saints, he threw a 78-yard touchdown pass to Marshall Faulk in the 19–13 loss.[84] Manning's first win came against fellow rookie Leaf, 17–12 over the Chargers.[85] Two weeks later, Manning faced off against Steve Young; he threw three touchdowns, tying a Colts rookie record, but the 49ers kicked a late field goal to win 34–31.[86] In November against the New York Jets, Manning threw for three touchdowns in a 24–23 win; he was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week for this performance.[87] It was the first game-winning drive of Manning's career, as he threw the game-winning touchdown pass to Marcus Pollard.[80][88] Manning was certainly a bright spot in the 1998 season for the Colts, but he also threw a league high 28 interceptions as the team struggled to a 3–13 record with a defense that gave up more than 27 points per game.[89][90][74] The Colts lost many close games, including five games in which they had led by double-digits at some point.[91][92]

text: 1999–2001 seasons

text: The Colts opened the 1999 season with a 31–14 victory over Buffalo, but gave up a 28–7 lead the following week against the Patriots and lost.[93][94] After defeating San Diego 27–19 in a game in which Manning threw for over 400 yards, and was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week, they lost again, to Miami.[80][95][96][97] The Colts responded by winning 11 of their remaining 12 games, finishing 13–3 and the AFC East division. In Week 11, against the Philadelphia Eagles, Manning threw a then career-high 80-yard touchdown pass to Terrence Wilkins in the 44–17 victory.[98] The 10 game turnaround from the previous year set an NFL record.[99] His seven game-winning drives were tied for the most in NFL history until Matthew Stafford had eight in the 2016 season.[100][101] As the second seed in the AFC, the Colts earned a first round bye, and faced Tennessee in the playoffs.[102][103] The Colts lost 19–16 to the Super Bowl bound Titans and Manning was limited to one touchdown run.[104] Manning finished the year with 4,135 passing yards and 26 passing touchdowns, and was named both Second-team All-Pro and to the Pro Bowl, both firsts for him.[79][105] In the Pro Bowl, he passed for 270 yards with 2 touchdowns.[106]

text: The Colts started the 2000 season with an opening week victory against Kansas City, then blew a 21–0 lead against the Raiders.[107][108] The Colts responded with a Monday Night Football victory against Jacksonville, a 43–14 win in which Manning threw for 430 yards and 4 touchdowns; Manning was named the AFC Offensive Player of the Week for this performance.[80][109] The Colts won four of their next five games, including one against New England in which Manning posted the first perfect passer rating of his career, but then lost four of the five games following that.[110] The Colts regained their momentum, winning their final three games, including a 31–10 win over Minnesota on Week 17.[111][112] Manning threw for four touchdowns in the win and was again named AFC Offensive Player of the Week and the win gave the Colts a 10–6 record as well as a wild card spot in the playoffs.[80][113][114] In the wild card game, the Colts fell to the Dolphins 23–17 in overtime. Manning passed for 194 yards and a touchdown in the loss.[115][116] He finished the season with a league-high 357 pass completions for 4,413 passing yards and 33 passing touchdowns and was named Second-team All-Pro and to the Pro Bowl.[79] At the Pro Bowl, Manning threw two touchdown passes.[117][118]

text: Manning and the Colts introduced the no-huddle offense, and used it to great effect in a Week 1 rout of the Jets, 45–24.[119] Two weeks later (Week 2 games were not played as scheduled due to the 9/11 attacks) the Colts advanced to 2–0 with a win over Buffalo, behind Manning's 421 yards passing.[120] He was named the AFC Offensive Player of the Week for this game.[80] However, the Colts lost the following week to New England, and continued their slide, losing their following two games.[121] The Colts briefly rebounded, winning two games, but then lost seven of their last nine games. In the stretch, Manning a threw a career-high 86-yard touchdown pass to Marcus Pollard in the 34–20 loss to the New Orleans Saints.[122] After a 40–21 home loss to the 49ers,[123] in which Manning threw a career-high four interceptions in that game, coach Jim Mora uttered his famous "Playoffs? Don't talk about playoffs," press conference.[124] Despite the 6–10 record, Manning finished the season with 4,131 passing yards, 26 passing touchdowns, and four rushing touchdowns as the offense produced the second most points in the league.[125][126][127] However, the defense allowed the most points and Jim Mora was fired after the season.[79]

text: 2002 season

text: Before the 2002 season, Tony Dungy became Manning's second head coach in the NFL. The Colts started off the 2002 season with a 4–1 record, before a three-game losing streak sent them to 4–4. The Colts responded by winning all but two of their remaining games, including a 35–13 upset of the Eagles in which Manning had a perfect passer rating for the second time in his career, giving them a 10–6 record and a spot in the playoffs.[128][129] However, the Colts were pummeled by the Jets in the Wild Card game, 41–0, with Manning passing for only 137 yards.[130] He finished the 2002 season with 4,200 passing yards and 27 passing touchdowns and was named to the Pro Bowl team.[79] In the Pro Bowl, Manning completed five of eleven passes for 100 yards and a touchdown.[131]

text: 2003 season: first MVP

text: The 2003 Colts began the season 5–0, including a 55–21 blowout of the Saints in which Manning recorded his third perfect passer rating game and threw six touchdown passes, earning him AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors.[80] On Monday Night Football against the defending champion Buccaneers, Manning and the Colts trailed 35–14 in the final five minutes. After one short touchdown drive, the Colts recovered the onside kick. Manning threw a 28-yard touchdown pass to Marvin Harrison on 4th & 6 to make it 35–28. With 1:41 remaining, Manning got the ball back and drove the offense 85 yards for the game-tying touchdown. He set up the winning 29-yard field goal in overtime for a 38–35 win. It was the only time in NFL history a team won a game after trailing by 21 points in the final 4 minutes of regulation. Manning passed for 386 yards in the game.[132]

text: After an overtime loss to Carolina, the Colts won all but three of their remaining games, finishing 12–4.[133] On November 30, the Colts hosted the 9–2 New England Patriots in what would be the beginning of the NFL's top rivalry of the 2000s. The Colts trailed 31–10 late in the third quarter before Manning threw three touchdown passes in a span of six minutes to tie the game. Trailing 38–34 in the final minutes, the Colts had three plays at the 1-yard line to try and score the winning touchdown. Running back Edgerrin James was stopped on fourth down by linebacker Willie McGinest and the Patriots won.[134] In a Week 14 win against Atlanta, Manning threw for five touchdowns and was named Offensive Player of the Week a second time.[80][135] He also earned AFC Offensive Player of the Month honors for the month of October.[80]

text: In the Wild Card playoff round, Manning and the Colts defeated the Denver Broncos 41–10 for his first playoff win. He passed for 377 yards and five touchdowns in the game, earning him a perfect passer rating, his second of the season and the fourth of his career.[136] After the game, Manning was awarded Player of the Week honors for the third time that season.[80] In the Divisional Round, Manning led the Colts to a 38–31 win over the Kansas City Chiefs. Neither team punted in the game.[137] In the AFC Championship, Manning was shut down by the New England Patriots' top-ranked defense and posted the third lowest passer rating of his career at 35.5. The Patriots defense intercepted Manning four times and sacked him another four, as the Colts lost the game by a score of 24–14.[138][139]

text: During the season, Manning was named the AFC Offensive Player of the Month for September and was named the AP NFL co-MVP along with Titans quarterback Steve McNair.[80][140] Manning also received the ESPY Award for Best NFL Player.[54] Manning led the league with 379 pass completions for 4,267 passing yards and threw 29 touchdowns; he was named first-team All-Pro and to the Pro Bowl.[79][141] He passed for 342 yards and three touchdowns in the Pro Bowl, a 55–52 loss.[142]

text: 2004 season: second MVP

text: The 2004 Colts opened the season with a 27–24 loss to the Patriots, after placekicker Mike Vanderjagt missed a game-tying field goal in the closing seconds of the game.[143] The Colts won their next four games including a 45–31 win over Green Bay in which Manning threw five touchdowns, earning him AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors, but then lost their next two games, to Jacksonville and Kansas City, despite Manning throwing for 840 yards combined in the two games.[80][144][145][146] The Colts responded well, winning their next eight games before losing their final regular season game to Denver, a game in which Manning played only the first series.[147] During the month of November, Manning was named the AFC Offensive Player of the Week twice; once for his five-touchdown performance in a 49–14 blowout of Houston and once for his performance in a 41–9 win at Detroit on Thanksgiving in which he threw six touchdowns in less than three quarters.[148][149] Due to his performances in November, Manning earned AFC Offensive Player of the Month honors.[80] He was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week for a fourth time in the Week 16 game against San Diego[80] where he led the Colts to a 34–31 victory after trailing by fifteen in the fourth quarter. With the Colts facing a 4th & 4 at their own 26, Manning waved the punt team off the field and completed a 19-yard pass to wide receiver Reggie Wayne for the first down. He finished the drive with a 21-yard touchdown pass to Brandon Stokley, his 49th touchdown pass of the season, breaking Dan Marino's record of 48. After the two-point conversion to tie, Manning got the ball first in overtime and set up the winning field goal. The Colts clinched the AFC's third seed with the win.[150]

text: During the season, Manning threw for 4,557 yards, had a then record 121.1 passer rating and a then-record 49 touchdown passes while throwing only 10 interceptions.[79][151] Manning's 2004 season was voted the second greatest passing season of all time by ESPN in 2013. He achieved this despite the 2004 season being his only season of his career where he attempted less than 500 passes. He finished with a league-high 13.6 yards per pass completion and 9.2 yards per pass attempt in 2004.[152] His 9.9% touchdown passing percentage is currently the highest in NFL history. His 49 touchdown passes is currently the third highest ever and his 121.1 passer rating is the second highest ever. He was selected as the 2004 NFL MVP drawing 49 of 50 votes, was named NFL Offensive Player of the Year and was named the Best NFL Player at the ESPY Awards for the second consecutive year; Manning also received the ESPY Award for Best Record-Breaking Performance for his 49 touchdown passes.[54][140] The Colts finished the season with a 12–4 record and their second straight AFC South title.[153] The Colts scored a franchise record 522 points. Three Colts receivers had 1,000 yard seasons with at least 10 touchdowns that season, also a record. Sports statistics cite Football Outsiders calculates that Manning had the best season ever by a quarterback, play-for-play, in 2004.[154][155]

text: In the Wild Card game against Denver, Manning passed for 458 yards and four touchdowns.[156] However, the Colts' 2004 season ended in Foxborough for a second straight season with a 20–3 loss against New England, when Manning recorded a season-low passer rating of 69.3. It was Manning's seventh consecutive loss to the Patriots in Foxborough and the Colts' three points were their lowest single game point total since their opening game of the 2003 season.[157] Manning was named a Pro Bowl starter; in the Pro Bowl, he threw three  touchdowns in a 38–27 victory and was named the game's MVP.[158] Manning was also a unanimous first-team All-Pro selection.[159]

text: 2005 season

text: In 2005, the Colts had a greatly improved defense over that of recent years.[according to whom?] Combining this with their offense, they won their first 13 games, including a 40–21 rout of the two-time defending Super Bowl champions, New England. This was Manning's first road win against the Patriots in eight attempts, and his three  touchdown passes earned him AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors.[80][160] By Week 15, the Colts had a perfect 13–0 record, and had secured the AFC South and home-field advantage throughout the playoffs. Nevertheless, head coach Tony Dungy made the decision to play all of his regular starters against the Chargers. However, the Colts played a sub-par game against the Chargers and fell short of the win; the score was 26–17.[161] Manning finished the 2005 season with 3,747 passing yards, the first time he had thrown for under 4,000 yards since his rookie season in 1998, largely because Manning sat out much of the final two games with the top AFC seed clinched. His quarterback rating of 104.1 was the highest in the league for the season.[79]

text: In the playoffs, the Pittsburgh Steelers visited the RCA Dome for the second AFC divisional playoff game of the 2005 season. In the fourth quarter with only a few minutes left in the game, Manning threw what looked to be the game-ending interception to safety Troy Polamalu, but the interception was overturned (a call the NFL later admitted was incorrect).[162] The Colts went on to score, and got the ball back down three points near the end of the game. On fourth down, Manning was sacked near his own goal line, and the game seemed to be over as the Steelers were one yard from a touchdown. On the next play, the ball was fumbled by running back Jerome Bettis and picked up by Colts defender Nick Harper who appeared to have a clear path down the sideline for what might have been the game-winning score. However, Steelers' quarterback Ben Roethlisberger dove in front of Harper and tackled him by the leg, saving a touchdown. Then the Colts drove down the field to the Steelers 27-yard line, before Mike Vanderjagt missed a field goal as time ran out.[163]

text: Manning came in second in voting for the MVP award to running back Shaun Alexander ending his streak at two years.[164] He was named the 2005 winner of the Walter Payton Man of the Year Award and nominated for the FedEx Air Player of the Year Award, along with Tom Brady and Carson Palmer.[165][166] Manning was also named first-team All-Pro for the third consecutive year and named to the Pro Bowl squad; in the Pro Bowl, he threw one touchdown pass and three interceptions.[167][168]

text: 2006 season: First Super Bowl championship

text: Manning opened the 2006 season against his brother Eli's New York Giants on Sunday Night Football. It was the first NFL game with starting quarterbacks that were brothers, and Peyton's team won 26–21.[169] Manning passed for 400 yards against the Texans in a 43–24 victory, which earned him AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors (he also won the award for his 345 yards and four touchdown passes against the Redskins in Week 7).[170][171] A second trip to New Jersey, this time to play the Jets, produced another Colts win. After taking the lead twice in the fourth quarter, Manning had to lead a third scoring drive, this time finishing with a one-yard quarterback sneak rushing touchdown in the last minute for a 31–28 win.[172]

text: At Denver, Manning again led three scoring drives in the fourth quarter in a 34–31 shootout win. He completed 32-of-39 passes for 345 yards and three touchdowns.[173] Following a second straight season with a win at New England, then a home win against Buffalo, the Colts were the NFL's last unbeaten team at 9–0. Their first loss would come in Dallas. Plagued by a run defense that would allow over 100 yards in every game, the Colts were 11–4 heading into their final game.[174] Against Miami, Manning threw for 282 yards, two touchdowns and rushed for another touchdown. The Colts won 27–22, were AFC South division champions, and clinched the third seed in the AFC playoffs. Manning was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week.[175] He ended the regular season with 4,397 passing yards and a league-leading 31 touchdown passes. His passer rating (101.0) was the highest in the league for the third year in a row.[79] Manning helped the offense set an NFL record for third down conversion rate in a season (56.1%).[176]

text: Despite three interceptions, Manning completed 30 out of 38 passes as the Colts beat the Kansas City Chiefs in the Wild Card playoff game by a score of 23–8.[177] The following week they were limited to five field goals and no touchdowns, but defeated the Baltimore Ravens, 15–6.[178] In the AFC Championship game against the rival Patriots, the Colts trailed 14–3 when Manning threw an interception that was returned for a touchdown by Asante Samuel to give New England a 21–3 lead. Manning led the Colts to 32 points in the second half for a 38–34 victory, the final score coming late in the fourth quarter as Manning led the Colts on an 80-yard touchdown drive to take the lead for the first time in the game. He finished the game with 349 yards passing and two touchdowns (1 rushing). The comeback was the largest deficit ever overcome in a conference championship.[179]

text: Completing 25-of-38 passes for 247 yards with a touchdown and one interception, Manning led the Colts to a 29–17 victory over the Chicago Bears in Super Bowl XLI and was voted Super Bowl MVP.[180] Manning, who had been criticized for failing to win big games[by whom?], exorcised his big-game demons with the win. "In years' past when our team's come up short, it's been disappointing", he told reporters. "Somehow we found a way to have learned from some of those losses and we've been a better team because of it."[181] For his role in the Colts' championship run, Manning was awarded the ESPY for Best Championship Performance.[182] Manning was again named to the Pro Bowl and was also named Second-team All-Pro; in the Pro Bowl he played only two series, passing for 67 yards.[79][183][184] Following the Super Bowl win, Manning agreed to restructure his contract to save the Colts $8.2 million in salary cap space.[185]

text: 2007 season

text: Manning's Colts opened the NFL season with 7 wins, pitting them against an undefeated Patriots squad in a match-up that was being called "Super Bowl 41 1/2".[186] Manning and Addai helped the Colts to a 13–7 halftime lead, and an early fourth-quarter touchdown upped the lead to 20–10. However, Brady led the Patriots to two late touchdowns, to hand Manning his first loss of the season, 24–20. Manning finished the game with 225 yards passing, including a passing touchdown. He also had a rushing touchdown.[187]

text: Manning did not bounce back from the loss well. Against the San Diego Chargers, he threw for a career-worst and franchise-record six interceptions. Despite this, he was able to rally the Colts from a 23–0 deficit to 23–21, and gave Adam Vinatieri an opportunity to take the lead with a 29-yard field goal. However, Vinatieri's attempt missed and the Colts fell to 7–2. Manning did not play particularly well against the Kansas City Chiefs either, throwing no touchdowns. However, he managed to lead the Colts on a late drive for a game-winning field goal, rushing for two yards on 4th and 1 in the process. Manning finished the game with 163 passing yards, allowing him to overtake 40,000 in his career.[188] The victory was Manning's 100th.[189] The Colts won their next five games, securing yet another AFC South title, as well as the AFC's number two seed in the play-offs.[190] In that stretch was a Week 13 28–25 victory over the Jacksonville Jaguars where he was 20 of 29 for 288 passing yards, four touchdowns, and an interception.[191] For his performance against the Jaguars, he was named as the AFC Offensive Player of the Week.[192] In the final game of the regular season, Manning played only two series before being replaced with back-up Jim Sorgi; the Colts lost the game to the Titans, 16–10.[4] Manning finished the season with 4,040 passing yards, 31 touchdown passes, and a quarterback rating of 98.0.[79] In the Divisional Round of the playoffs, Manning and the Colts lost to the Chargers, 28–24. Manning helped the Colts to four different leads but could not lead a final touchdown drive for the win. Manning finished the game with 402 yards passing and 3 passing touchdowns.[193] Peyton was widely viewed during Super Bowl XLII as he cheered on brother Eli and the New York Giants in their upset of the previously undefeated New England Patriots.[194] Manning was named a Pro Bowl starter and passed for 147 yards and a touchdown in three series.[195]

text: 2008 season: third MVP

text: On July 14, 2008, Manning had surgery to remove an infected bursa sac in his left knee.[196] Manning, who had worn a knee brace due to problems since he was in college, sat out all four preseason games and missed most of training camp.

text: In the first regular season game at the new Lucas Oil Stadium, the Colts lost 29–13 to the Chicago Bears.[197] The following week, they fell behind 15–0 to the Minnesota Vikings in the second half before rallying to win the game on Adam Vinatieri's 47-yard field goal. Manning passed for 311 yards as the Colts avoided their first 0–2 start since Manning's rookie season.[198] Week 3 matched the Colts with division rival Jacksonville. Manning threw two interceptions in the game, including one that was returned for a touchdown by Rashean Mathis. Jacksonville rushed for 236 yards and held the ball for over 41 minutes. Still, trailing by six points late in the game, Manning led the Colts on a 77-yard touchdown drive to take a 21–20 lead. Jacksonville kicker Josh Scobee made a 51-yard field goal to win the game and drop the Colts to a 1–2 record.[199]

text: For the third week in a row, Manning used the fourth quarter to bring the Colts back from a 27–10 deficit in the last five minutes against the Houston Texans to a 31–27 victory.[200] It was the first time an NFL team had won a game in regulation after trailing by 17 points in the last five minutes.[201] Manning threw a seven-yard touchdown pass on 4th & 6 to rookie tight end Tom Santi to make the deficit 27–17. Houston quarterback Sage Rosenfels, starting for the injured Matt Schaub, then fumbled the ball on a scramble, and it was returned 68 yards for a touchdown by Gary Brackett. After another Rosenfels fumble, Manning threw the 5-yard game-winning touchdown pass to Reggie Wayne. The Colts scored three touchdowns in 2:10.[202]

text: On October 12, Manning led the Colts to a 31–3 blow out win at Lucas Oil Stadium against the Baltimore Ravens to avoid their first 0–3 start at home since the 1997 season. Manning was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week for the 17th time in his career for his effort of three touchdown passes and 271 yards passing.[203] It was revealed during the game by CBS commentators Jim Nantz and Phil Simms that Manning had a second surgery on his knee before the season started. Colts coach Tony Dungy confirmed this report the day after the game.[204]

text: The Colts suffered their largest margin of defeat, 34–14, against the Green Bay Packers the following week. Manning threw two interceptions that were returned for touchdowns (for the second time in his career; the first was on September 30, 2001 against the New England Patriots).[205][206] The next week the Colts went into Tennessee on Monday Night Football to face the 6–0 Titans. They led 14–6 in the third quarter, but Tennessee scored 25 unanswered for a 31–21 victory and almost assured the Colts they would not win the AFC South division title for the first time in six seasons.[207] At 3–4, the Colts opened up November with their annual showdown against the New England Patriots on Sunday Night Football. Tied at 15 in the 4th quarter, Manning set up Adam Vinatieri for a 52-yard field goal that proved to be the winning points in an 18–15 victory. Manning completed 21-of-29 passes for 254 yards, 2 touchdowns and no interceptions.[208] The Colts were 4–4 halfway through the season and still alive in the AFC playoff race.

text: In Week 10, the Colts traveled to Pittsburgh, who had the league's highest ranked defense. They trailed 17–7 in the second quarter before Manning found tight end Dallas Clark for a two-yard touchdown to end the half 17–14. Down 20–17 in the 4th quarter, Manning found running back Dominic Rhodes uncovered for a 17-yard touchdown pass that would put the Colts up 24–20 for the rest of the game. It was Manning's fourth game-winning drive (35th of his career) of the season. He completed 21 of 40 for 240 yards and three touchdowns (the 50th game of his career with 3+ touchdown passes). It was the first time the Colts have won in Pittsburgh since 1968 (12 straight losses before this win).[209] Against Houston, Manning passed for 320 yards and two touchdowns while leading five consecutive scoring drives in a 33–27 victory, the third in a row for the Colts.[210] Manning won AFC Offensive Player of the Week for the second time this season (18th time, career).[211]

text: At San Diego, Manning threw for 255 yards, two touchdowns, and one interception in a 23–20 victory. The interception snapped a career-best streak of 140 pass attempts without an interception. After the Chargers rallied from a 10-point deficit in the fourth quarter to tie the game, Manning led the game-winning drive by completing a 14-yard pass to Marvin Harrison on 4th and inches at midfield. Adam Vinateri kicked the winning 51-yard field goal three plays later. It was Manning's 5th game-winning drive this season.[212] Manning passed for a season-low 125 yards at Cleveland, but the Colts won their 5th straight game, by a final of 10–6.[213]

text: In a 35–3 victory against the Cincinnati Bengals, Manning threw three touchdown passes while completing 26-of-32 passes for 277 yards. It marked the 11th straight season Manning had thrown at least 20 touchdown passes, the second longest streak ever.[214] Against the 0–13 Detroit Lions, the Colts found themselves in a 21–21 game in the 4th quarter. Manning led his sixth game-winning drive of the season and the Colts pulled away 31–21. It marked their seventh straight win, seventh straight season with 10+ wins, and they became the only team in NFL history to have a winning streak of at least seven games in five straight seasons. Manning completed 28-of-37 passes for 318 yards and one touchdown.[215]

text: Needing a win to clinch the 5th seed in the playoffs, Manning had one of his best career performances[according to whom?] in Jacksonville on Thursday Night Football. He completed his first 17 passes of the game. In addition to completing his last 6 against Detroit, Manning's 23 straight completions fell one shy of the NFL record (Donovan McNabb – 24). The Colts trailed 14–0 in the first half and 24–14 to start the fourth quarter. Manning led his seventh fourth quarter win of the season and the Colts put the game away with a defensive touchdown for a 31–24 victory to clinch a seventh consecutive playoff berth. Manning completed 29-of-34 passes (85.7%) for 364 yards and three touchdowns. It increased his NFL record streak of seasons with 25 touchdown passes to 11. Manning and the Colts tied an NFL record by winning three games in a season in which they trailed by at least 14 points.[216] For his efforts, Manning won AFC Offensive Player of the Week for the third time in the 2008 season. It was the 19th time he has won the award, passing Dan Marino for the most all-time since the award was originated in 1984.[217] He also was selected as the FedEx Air Player of the Week. With the playoff seed secured, Manning only played the opening drive in a shutout against the division-leading Titans in Week 17. He completed all seven of his passes for 95 yards and a touchdown, extending his NFL record to nine seasons with 4,000 yards passing, and also extended the record to a sixth straight season he led the Colts to at least 12 wins.[218] At the end of the 2008 season, Manning was named NFL MVP for the 3rd time, tying Brett Favre for the most MVP awards in NFL history.[219]

text: The day following the MVP award, the Colts played their 2007 nemesis, the Chargers, in their wild-card playoff game. Down 14–10 at the half, Manning put the Colts ahead 17–14 in the third quarter as he completed a 72-yard touchdown pass to wide receiver Reggie Wayne. However, the Chargers tied the game in the fourth quarter as kicker Nate Kaeding nailed a 22-yard field goal. When San Diego won the overtime coin toss, they scored a touchdown on the first possession, ending the Colts' season.[220]

text: 2009 season: fourth MVP and second Super Bowl appearance

text: Under new head coach Jim Caldwell, Manning started the 2009 season with a victory by throwing for 301 yards.[221] In Week 2, Manning led his 29th fourth quarter comeback (38th career game-winning drive) by throwing for 303 yards and two touchdown passes, despite only having the ball for 14:53, the lowest time of possession for a winning team in the NFL since they began tracking the statistic in 1977.[222] Manning was named AFC Offensive Player of the Month for the fourth time in his career in September.[223] Against the Seattle Seahawks Manning passed for 353 yards and two touchdowns for his fourth consecutive 300-yard passing game set a new franchise record.[224]

text: Against the Houston Texans in Week 9, he became the first quarterback to pass for over 40,000 yards in a decade.[225] He threw a career-high 25 passes in the first quarter (most in any opening quarter since 1991), and had a career-high 40 pass attempts in the first half. He set a franchise record for most 300-yard passing games in a season with his seventh 300-yard effort of the season (also an NFL record through the first eight games of a season[226]). In Week 10, a 35–34 victory over the New England Patriots, he was 28 of 44 for 327 passing yards, four touchdowns, and two interceptions.[227] His performance against the Patriots earned him AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors.[228] Two weeks later, against Houston, Manning claimed his 34th comeback win in the fourth quarter, tying him with John Elway and Johnny Unitas for the second most in NFL history.[229] On Week 15 against the Jacksonville Jaguars, Manning won his 23rd consecutive regular season game breaking Jim McMahon's NFL record of 22 straight wins with the Chicago Bears from 1984 to 1987.[230] At the end of the regular season Manning was awarded his fourth MVP, breaking the NFL record for most MVPs by a single player. He was also selected to the AP All-Pro team for the fifth time in his career.[231] He finished the regular season tying his then NFL-record with seven game-winning drives in 2009.

text: In the AFC Divisional Round against the Baltimore Ravens, Manning threw two touchdown passes late in the first half to build a 17–3 halftime lead. He completed 30 passes for 246 yards in leading his eighth straight victory over the Ravens.[232] In the AFC Championship against New York Jets, Manning overcame a 17–6 deficit late in the second quarter to lead the Colts to 24 unanswered points in a 30–17 win. The 11-point comeback was the third largest in a championship game. Manning set a playoff record with his seventh 300-yard passing game in the postseason.[233] In Super Bowl XLIV against New Orleans Saints, Manning led the Colts to a 10–0 lead after their two first quarter drives, throwing a touchdown pass to wide receiver Pierre Garçon to cap off a 96-yard drive (tied for longest in Super Bowl history). After running just six plays in the second quarter, the Colts led 10–6 at halftime. The Saints recovered an onside kick to start the second half and took their first lead, 13–10. Manning led a go ahead touchdown drive to regain the lead. Leading 17–16 at the start of the fourth quarter, placekicker Matt Stover missed a 51-yard field goal for the Colts. The Saints scored the go ahead touchdown and two-point conversion to take a 24–17 lead with 5:42 left. Manning took over and moved the Colts to the Saints' 31-yard line. Facing a 3rd & 5 with 3:24 left, his pass intended for Reggie Wayne was intercepted by Tracy Porter, who returned it 74 yards for a critical touchdown and a 31–17 Saints lead. Manning drove the Colts down to the 5-yard line in the last minute, but his 4th & goal pass was dropped by Reggie Wayne at the goal line. The Saints won their first Super Bowl in franchise history, dropping Manning to 9–9 in the postseason and a 1–1 record in the Super Bowl. Manning passed for 333 yards on 31-of-45 attempts passing, with one touchdown and one interception.[234]

text: 2010 season

text: In a season-opening loss in Houston, Manning set career highs with 57 pass attempts and 40 completions, throwing for three touchdowns and 433 yards, the fourth highest opening-weekend total ever.[235] In his third game, Manning passed for 325 yards, three touchdowns, and no interceptions, marking the first time since 1960 a quarterback began a season with three consecutive games of at least three touchdown passes and zero interceptions.[236][237] Against the Kansas City Chiefs, Manning failed to throw a touchdown for the first time in 2010, but led the Colts on a game-winning drive in the fourth quarter (45th of his career) to hand the Chiefs their first loss of the season.[238] In Week 6 against the Washington Redskins, he passed for 307 yards and two touchdowns. Including the playoffs, that was 68 career games with 300+ yards passing, moving him ahead of Dan Marino (67) for the most in NFL history.[239] Week 9 against the Philadelphia Eagles marked his 200th consecutive regular season start.[240]

text: Against the New England Patriots, Manning passed for 396 yards, four touchdowns, and three interceptions, the second time Manning threw four touchdowns in a game that resulted in a loss. This broke a tie with Dan Marino for second-most all-time.[241] The next week resulted in the largest margin of defeat at home in his NFL career, 36–14 to the San Diego Chargers.[242] Against the Tennessee Titans, he went over 4,000 yards passing for the 11th time in a season, and tied Dan Marino with his 63rd regular season game with 300+ yards passing. Manning was named AFC Offensive Player of the Week for this game.[243] The Colts ended up winning the AFC South for the seventh time in eight years, and Manning became the first quarterback in NFL history to lead his team to nine consecutive postseason berths (2002–2010). It was the 208th consecutive regular season start of his career, breaking Gene Upshaw's record. For the season, Manning finished with an NFL-record 450 completions on 679 attempts (third most in history), and a career-high 4,700 yards passing.[244] The season ended in a 17–16 defeat to the New York Jets in the Wild Card Round of playoffs.[245]

text: In 2010, Manning was chosen as the 14th-smartest athlete in sports by Sporting News.[246] On the NFL Top 100 Players of 2011, he was chosen as the second best player in the league by his peers.[247]

text: 2011 season: Lost season

text:
To me, he's the greatest of all time. He's a friend of mine, and someone that I always watch and admire, because he always wants to improve, he always wants to get better, and he doesn't settle for anything less than the best. So, when you watch the best and you're able to learn from the best, hopefully that helps me get better.

—Tom Brady, on Peyton Manning in 2011.[248]

tag: div

text: The Colts placed their franchise tag on Manning on February 15, 2011.[249] On July 30, 2011, the Colts signed Manning to a 5-year, $90 million contract after negotiations in which he made it clear that he did not need to be the highest-paid player in the NFL.[250]

text: After a May 23 neck surgery, Manning could not use the Colts' facilities for practice and workouts due to the NFL lockout. Reluctant to have witnesses to his recovery, he used the Colorado Rockies baseball team's trainers at Coors Field in Denver. Manning was unable to complete his throwing motion, and his arm strength had significantly diminished. Based on an MRI, doctors told him in the late summer that he needed spinal fusion surgery and that at his age they could not guarantee his return to the NFL.[251] On September 7, the Colts officially ruled Manning out for the season opener against Houston, ending his consecutive starts streak of 208 games (227 including playoffs); the team signed Kerry Collins out of retirement and named him interim starting quarterback.[252] After seeking other opinions, Manning had the second surgery on September 8.[253]

text: Manning stated that while he did intend to play during the 2011 season, he would not "fight" the front office to stay off injured reserve if his roster spot was needed.[citation needed] Manning started practicing throwing footballs again in mid-December, with teammate Joseph Addai even claiming his passes looked "game ready."[254] Ultimately, Manning did not play a single game in the 2011 season, and the Colts went 2–14 without him; only the third season since Manning was a rookie that the Colts did not win at least 10 games.[255]

text: With the Colts having the first overall pick in the upcoming 2012 Draft (which contained highly rated quarterback Andrew Luck out of Stanford) and with Manning due a $28 million roster bonus, he was released on March 7, 2012. Earlier, the Colts had dismissed vice-chairman Bill Polian (who in his previous capacity as general manager had drafted Manning), general manager Chris Polian, and head coach Jim Caldwell, as a precursor to the rebuilding of the team.[256]

text: In an emotional press conference, Manning told Colts fans, "Thank you for letting me be your quarterback."[257][258][259] Upon his release, Colts owner Jim Irsay announced that no Colt will ever wear the No. 18 jersey again, and it was formally retired on March 18, 2016.[260] On the NFL Top 100 Players of 2012, he was ranked 50th by his peers despite not playing in the 2011 season.[261]

text: Denver Broncos

text: As one of the most highly sought-after free agents, Manning selected the Denver Broncos after meeting with John Elway, a retired Broncos Hall-of-Famer quarterback who was now the team's Executive Vice President of Football Operations and General Manager, and Broncos head coach John Fox.[262] Manning reached an agreement with the Broncos on a five-year contract worth $96 million on March 20, 2012.[263][264] Although the #18 is retired in honor of quarterback Frank Tripucka, he gave Manning permission to wear it.[265]

text: 2012 season

text: On August 9, 2012, Manning made his first appearance as a Bronco in a preseason game against the Chicago Bears, where he completed four of his seven passes for 44 yards, and was intercepted once by Bears safety Major Wright.[266]

text: Manning made his regular season debut as a Denver Bronco in the prime time game on the first Sunday of the 2012 season, against the Pittsburgh Steelers. In the game, Manning completed 19-of-26 passes for 253 yards, two touchdowns, and no interceptions. He posted a 129.2 QB rating in the 31–19 win, and made history in the third quarter when he connected with wide receiver Demaryius Thomas on a 71-yard touchdown pass. The touchdown was Manning's first in the NFL with a team other than the Colts, and marked the 400th of his career, making him the third quarterback, after Dan Marino and Brett Favre, to accomplish the feat and the fastest of the three to reach that mark.[267] In a Week 6 game against the San Diego Chargers, he was 24 of 30 for 309 yards, three passing touchdowns, and one interception in the 35–24 victory. In the game, the Broncos trailed 24–0 at halftime and Manning led the Broncos to 35 unanswered points.[268] His performance against the Chargers gave him AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors, his first since coming to Denver.[269] Despite the preseason concerns about his recovery, by late October, ESPN stated that Manning "has silenced the critics" about his arm strength.[270] Manning was later named to the 2013 Pro Bowl, his twelfth.[271] In Week 17, a 38–3 victory over the Kansas City Chiefs, he was 23 of 29 for 304 yards and three touchdowns to close out the regular season.[272] He earned AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors for his performance against the Chiefs.[273]

text: The Broncos made the playoffs and earned a first-round bye, but lost 38–35 in double overtime to Baltimore, who went on to win Super Bowl XLVII that season.[274][275]

text: On February 2, 2013, Manning was awarded the AP National Football League Comeback Player of the Year Award[276] and was named a first-team All-Pro selection, in addition to finishing second in MVP voting.[277] On the NFL Top 100 Players of 2013, he was ranked as the second best player in the NFL by his peers.[278]

text: 2013 season: fifth MVP and third Super Bowl appearance

text: On the opening game of the 2013 NFL season, Manning became one of only six players in NFL history to throw seven touchdowns in a game, doing so against the defending Super Bowl XLVII champions, the Baltimore Ravens.[279] He added to this feat by not throwing an interception, tying Y. A. Tittle as one of the only two players to have a 7:0 touchdown to interception ratio in a single game (although the Philadelphia Eagles' Nick Foles later matched that feat in Week 9 of the same season against the Oakland Raiders).[280] His historic performance against the Ravens gave him AFC Offensive Player of the Week Honors.[281] Against the Oakland Raiders in Week 3, Manning broke the record for most touchdown passes in the first three games of a season after throwing 12, surpassing Tom Brady's 2011 record.[282] His performance against the Raiders gave him his second AFC Offensive Player of the Week nod in three weeks.[283] In Week 5, Manning threw his first interception of the season, in a win against the Dallas Cowboys. He was intercepted by cornerback Morris Claiborne. Two weeks later, Manning returned to Indianapolis for the first time in the regular season since being released by the Colts. In an emotional pregame ceremony, the Colts showed a tribute video to Manning.[284] In his first game back at Indianapolis, he was 29 of 49 for 386 yards, three touchdowns, and one interception as the Broncos fell 39–33.[285]

text: In Week 16 against the Houston Texans, Manning broke Brady's record for most touchdown passes in a season with 51 on a 25-yard touchdown pass to tight end Julius Thomas.[286][287] For the third time in the 2013 season, he earned AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors.[288] He finished the regular season with 55 touchdown passes, in addition to throwing for a league-record 5,477 yards, breaking Drew Brees's mark by one yard. His 450 completions were at the time tied for second most all time. The Broncos scored an NFL record 606 points, becoming the first team ever to eclipse 600 points in a season. They had more 50-point games in a season than any other team in NFL history, with three. Four Broncos receivers recorded at least ten touchdowns—an NFL record—and Manning set a season record with nine games with four or more touchdown passes. His 115.1 passer rating ranks fifth all time and he joined Tom Brady as the only two quarterbacks to achieve a passer rating of 110.0 or higher in more than one season. The Broncos went on to win their Divisional Round playoff game against the San Diego Chargers by a score of 24–17.[289] In another postseason meeting between Manning and Brady, the Broncos defeated the New England Patriots in the AFC Championship by a score of 26-16.[290] Manning became the third starting quarterback to reach the Super Bowl two different teams, after Craig Morton and Kurt Warner.[291]

text: In Super Bowl XLVIII, Manning's Broncos lost to the Seattle Seahawks by a score of 43–8.[292] Manning was up against the Seahawks' young starting quarterback Russell Wilson, who idolized Manning and attended one of Manning's passing camps as a teenager, and later met Manning at a Broncos pre-draft interview.[293][294] The Seahawks' number one ranked defense proved too much for the Broncos' number one ranked offense to overcome, while the Broncos' defense also struggled due to injuries. The Broncos' first play from scrimmage set the tone for the game. While Manning was stepping forward to call an audible, center Manny Ramirez snapped the ball too early and it flew past Manning's head into the end zone, where running back Knowshon Moreno downed it for a safety. Manning set a Super Bowl record with 34 completions (broken by Tom Brady the following year in Super Bowl XLIX), but the record-setting offense did not record a first down until the second quarter, and did not score any points until the final seconds of the third quarter. While Manning threw one touchdown pass and one successful two-point conversion, he also threw two costly interceptions, one of which was returned for a touchdown.[295] On the NFL Top 100 Players of 2014, he was ranked as the best player in the league by his peers.[296]

text: 2014 season: NFL all-time leader in passing touchdowns

text: On August 28, 2014, Manning was fined $8,268 for taunting D. J. Swearinger during a preseason game against the Houston Texans.[297] With the Broncos' win in their opening game of the 2014 NFL season against the Colts, Manning became, along with Brett Favre, one of only two starting quarterbacks in NFL history who have beaten all 32 teams.[298] On October 5, 2014, in a stellar performance against the Arizona Cardinals, Manning tied his career-high with a 86-yard touchdown pass to Demaryius Thomas, threw his 500th career touchdown pass to Julius Thomas, and also tied Dan Marino for the most 400-yard games by a quarterback.[299][300]

text: On October 19, 2014, against the San Francisco 49ers on NBC Sunday Night Football, Manning threw his 509th career touchdown pass to Demaryius Thomas, passing Brett Favre to become the NFL's all-time leader in passing touchdowns.[301] His historic touchdown was part of a 318-yard, four-touchdown passing performance where he earned AFC Offensive Player of the Week honors for the 27th and final time in his career.[302][303] By the end of the regular season, Manning would be selected to his 14th Pro Bowl appearance, tying him with Tony Gonzalez, Bruce Matthews, and Merlin Olsen for most Pro Bowl selections in a career.[304] The Broncos finished with a 12–4 record and earned a first-round bye.[305] However, his season ended after the Broncos lost in the Divisional Round of the playoffs to his former team, the Colts, 24–13.[306] On the NFL Top 100 Players of 2015 list, he finished as the fifth best player ranked by his peers.[307]

text: 2015 season: Final season and second Super Bowl championship

text: After much speculation, Manning announced in the offseason that he would return for his 18th season in the NFL. In the season opener against the Baltimore Ravens, Manning's play seemed to have deteriorated, going 24–40 for 175 yards and one interception, but a pick-six by cornerback Aqib Talib and late interception by Darian Stewart aided the Broncos in their 19–13 victory.[308] In a Week 2 game against the Kansas City Chiefs on Thursday Night Football, he passed for 256 yards, three touchdowns, and an interception as the Broncos won 31–24.[309] In the next game, a 24–12 victory over the Detroit Lions, he passed for 324 yards, two touchdowns, and an interception for a season-high 101.7 passer rating.[310] On November 1, against the Green Bay Packers, he finished with a season-high 340 passing yards and an interception in the dominant 29–10 victory.[311] The Broncos got off to a dominant 7–0 start to the season; however, the streak ended in a loss at Indianapolis, losing 24–27.[312] During that winning streak, and the loss in Indianapolis, Manning played better, putting up over 250 yards in six of the seven games, and he scored nine touchdowns.[313] However, he never had a game without an interception, bringing his 8-game TD–INT ratio to 9–13, and the Broncos needed a hardworking defense to contribute for victories.[314]

text: In Week 10 against Kansas City, the game's biggest highlight was Manning breaking Brett Favre's record for career passing yards with a four-yard pass to running back Ronnie Hillman in the first quarter.[315] Despite the accomplishment, however, Manning went 5-for-20 for 35 yards and four interceptions with a 0.0 passer rating before head coach Gary Kubiak benched him during the third quarter. Brock Osweiler filled in for Manning for the rest of the game as the Broncos would eventually lose 29–13.[316] A day later, sources said that Manning had suffered a bout of plantar fasciitis. It was later announced that this injury would keep him out of Week 11, marking the first time Peyton had missed a game in a season he played. Osweiler replaced Manning and performed well in a 17–15 win over the Chicago Bears, leading to questions about whether Manning would retain his role when healthy in a Week 12 showdown against the New England Patriots.[317] The next day, head coach Gary Kubiak, citing Manning's injuries, announced that Osweiler would start against New England. On December 15, it was announced that Osweiler would make his fifth consecutive start, against the Pittsburgh Steelers, even though Manning had returned to practice and the Broncos had gone seven straight quarters without scoring a touchdown on offense.[318] Overall, the Broncos went 4–2 in six games without Manning, giving them an 11–4 record heading into the final week of the regular season.[319]

text: On December 27, 2015, Al Jazeera America released a report conducted by the Al Jazeera Investigative Unit investigating professional athletes' use of Performance-enhancing drugs (PEDs) which named Manning, among other prominent athletes, as having received illegal drugs from Charles Sly, a pharmacist who had worked at the Guyer Anti-Aging Clinic in Indianapolis during the fall of 2011.[320] In July 2016, the NFL cleared Manning of the allegations and announced that it had found no evidence to support the claims.[321]

text: Manning was listed as active for the Week 17 regular season finale against the San Diego Chargers, but for the first time since his freshman year at college, he was listed as a backup.[322] In the third quarter, with the Broncos down 13–7, Manning entered the game in relief of Osweiler, who had been intercepted twice and fumbled once. The Broncos went on to beat the Chargers, 27–20, and secure the division and the top seed in the AFC. Despite the Broncos' 12–4 record (and Manning's 8–2 record in games that he played in), Manning had the worst season statistically of his career, as he threw a career-low nine touchdown passes and 17 interceptions in just 10 games, and posting a quarterback rating of 67.9, the lowest rating of his career, and first time he had a rating below 84 since his rookie season.[323] Manning's 59.8 completion percentage was the second lowest of his career, only behind his rookie season. Manning's 17 interceptions were second to Jaguars quarterback Blake Bortles, who threw 18 interceptions but started all 16 games.[324]

text: The Broncos, by virtue of having the AFC's #1 seed, earned home field advantage throughout the NFL playoffs. The Broncos defeated the Pittsburgh Steelers in the Divisional Round to advance to the AFC Championship game to host the defending Super Bowl champions, the New England Patriots.[325] It was the 17th, and ultimately final, meeting between Manning and his longtime rival Tom Brady. Despite a late comeback attempt from the Patriots, the Broncos won 20–18 to advance to Super Bowl 50. Manning threw two touchdowns and no interceptions in the win.[326]

text: On February 7, 2016, the Broncos defeated the Carolina Panthers 24–10 in Super Bowl 50 as the Broncos' defense shut down the heavily favored Panthers' top-ranked offense and regular season MVP Cam Newton. Manning finished the game 13-of-23 for 141 yards with one interception while being sacked five times, scoring his only passing points with 3:08 left in the fourth quarter when he connected with wide receiver Bennie Fowler for a two-point conversion, which ended up being the final pass of his career. Manning became the oldest starting quarterback to both play in and win a Super Bowl.[327] Manning also became the first quarterback to start two Super Bowls with multiple franchises, with different head coaches each time (Dungy, Caldwell, Fox, and Kubiak) and the first quarterback to lead two different franchises to a Super Bowl victory.[328][329] The victory gave Manning his 200th overall win including regular season and playoffs, making him at the time the starting quarterback with the most combined regular season and postseason wins in NFL history, snapping a tie with Brett Favre.[330]

text: Retirement

text: Manning announced his retirement, after 18 seasons, on March 7, 2016.[331][332] Manning's final words of his retirement speech were, "I've fought a good fight. I've finished my football race and after 18 years, it's time. God bless all of you and God bless football."[333][334]

text: After 18 seasons with the NFL, Manning received the 2016 ESPY Icon Award.[335] He won nine total ESPY Awards during his career.[336]

text: On October 7, 2017 in a ceremony attended by hundreds of fans, the Colts unveiled a bronze statue of Manning outside its Lucas Oil Stadium. Manning was also inducted into the Indianapolis Colts Ring of Honor and became the first player to have his jersey retired by the Colts since the team moved to Indianapolis.[337][338]

text: "The Manning Bowl"

text: Peyton and Eli Manning played against each other three times in their professional careers, not counting Pro Bowls or the preseason. These encounters were colloquially dubbed "The Manning Bowl",[339] and Peyton's teams (twice with the Colts, once with the Broncos) held a 3–0 record over Eli's team (three games with the New York Giants). The first Manning Bowl was held on September 10, 2006, and Peyton's Colts defeated Eli's Giants by a score of 26–21.[340] The second Manning Bowl was held on September 19, 2010, with Peyton and the Colts besting Eli's team again by a score of 38–14.[341] The third and final Manning Bowl took place on September 15, 2013, and Peyton and the Broncos beat Eli's Giants, 41–23.[342]

text: NFL career statistics

text:
[show]Legend

Led the league

NFL record

Team won the Super Bowl

AP NFL MVP

Bold
Career high

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
Passing
Rushing
Record

Cmp
Att
Pct
Yds
Y/A
TD
Int
Rtg
Att
Yds
Avg
TD
W–L

1998
IND
16
16
326
575
56.7
3,739
6.5
26
28
71.2
15
62
4.1
0
3-13

1999
IND
16
16
331
533
62.1
4,135
7.8
26
15
90.7
35
73
2.1
2
13-3

2000
IND
16
16
357
571
62.5
4,413
7.7
33
15
94.7
37
116
3.1
1
10-6

2001
IND
16
16
343
547
62.7
4,131
7.6
26
23
84.1
35
157
4.5
4
6-10

2002
IND
16
16
392
591
66.3
4,200
7.1
27
19
88.8
38
148
3.9
2
10-6

2003
IND
16
16
379
566
67.0
4,267
7.5
29
10
99.0
28
26
0.9
0
12-4

2004
IND
16
16
336
497
67.7
4,557
9.2
49
10
121.1
25
38
1.5
0
12-4

2005
IND
16
16
305
453
67.3
3,747
8.3
28
10
104.1
33
45
1.4
0
14-2

2006
IND
16
16
362
557
65.0
4,397
7.9
31
9
101.0
23
36
1.6
4
12-4

2007
IND
16
16
337
515
65.4
4,040
7.8
31
14
98.0
20
−5
−0.3
3
13-3

2008
IND
16
16
371
555
66.8
4,002
7.2
27
12
95.0
20
21
1.1
1
12-4

2009
IND
16
16
393
571
68.8
4,500
7.9
33
16
99.9
19
−13
−0.7
0
14-2

2010
IND
16
16
450
679
66.3
4,700
6.9
33
17
91.9
18
18
1.0
0
10-6

2011
IND
Did not play due to injury

2012
DEN
16
16
400
583
68.6
4,659
8.0
37
11
105.8
23
6
0.3
0
13-3

2013
DEN
16
16
450
659
68.3
5,477
8.3
55
10
115.1
32
−31
−1.0
1
13-3

2014
DEN
16
16
395
597
66.2
4,727
7.9
39
15
101.5
24
−24
−1.0
0
12-4

2015
DEN
10
9
198
331
59.8
2,249
6.8
9
17
67.9
6
−6
−1.0
0
7-2

Career
266
265
6,125
9,380
65.3
71,940
7.7
539
251
96.5
431
667
1.5
18
186-79

text:
Year
Team
GP
GS
Passing
Rushing
Record

Cmp
Att
Pct
Yds
Y/A
TD
Int
Rtg
Att
Yds
Avg
TD
W–L

1999
IND
1
1
19
42
45.2
227
5.4
0
0
62.3
2
22
11
1
0-1

2000
IND
1
1
17
32
53.1
194
6.1
1
0
82.0
1
−2
−2
0
0-1

2002
IND
1
1
14
31
45.2
137
4.4
0
2
31.2
1
2
2
0
0-1

2003
IND
3
3
67
103
65.0
918
8.9
9
4
106.4
4
3
0.8
0
2-1

2004
IND
2
2
54
75
72.0
696
9.3
4
2
107.4
2
7
3.5
1
1-1

2005
IND
1
1
22
38
57.9
290
7.6
1
0
90.9
–
–
–
0
0-1

2006
IND
4
4
97
153
63.4
1,034
6.8
3
7
70.5
8
3
0.4
1
4-0

2007
IND
1
1
33
48
68.7
402
8.4
3
2
97.7
1
−6
−6
0
0-1

2008
IND
1
1
25
42
59.5
310
7.4
1
0
90.4
1
−1
−1
0
0-1

2009
IND
3
3
87
128
68.0
956
7.5
6
2
99.0
3
−2
−0.6
0
2-1

2010
IND
1
1
18
26
69.2
225
8.7
1
0
108.7
–
–
–
0
0-1

2012
DEN
1
1
28
43
65.1
290
6.7
3
2
88.3
1
−1
−1
0
0-1

2013
DEN
3
3
91
128
71.1
910
7.1
5
3
94.2
3
−2
−0.7
0
2-1

2014
DEN
1
1
26
46
56.5
211
4.6
1
0
75.5
–
–
–
0
0-1

2015
DEN
3
3
51
92
55.4
539
5.9
2
1
75.4
5
10
2.0
0
3-0

Career
27
27
649
1,027
63.2
7,339
7.1
40
25
87.4
32
34
1.1
3
14-13

text: Career awards and records

text: NFL awards

text:
5x NFL MVP (2003 (shared with Steve McNair)-2004, 2008-2009, 2013)[344]
2x NFL Offensive Player of the Year (2004, 2013)[344]
Best NFL Player ESPY Award (2004[54]-2005,[345] 2014[346])
14× Pro Bowl (1999–2000, 2002–2010, 2012–2014)[81]
7× First-team All-Pro (2003–2005, 2008-2009, 2012-2013)[141][159][167]
3× Second-team All-Pro (1999-2000, 2006)[105][117][183]
2× Bert Bell Award (2003-2004)[347]
8× AFC Offensive Player of the Year Awards (1999, 2003–2005, 2008-2009, 2012-2013)
1998 NFL All-Rookie First Team[81]
2004 Fedex Express Player of the Year[348]
Best Record-Breaking Performance ESPY Award (2005,[345] 2014,[349] 2015[350])
2005 Walter Payton Man of the Year Award[347]
2005 Byron "Whizzer" White Humanitarian Award[81]
2005 Pro Bowl MVP[140]
2007 Super Bowl MVP[180]
2007 Best Championship Performance ESPY Award[182]
2012 NFL Comeback Player of the Year

tag: ul

text: Additionally, Manning has been named the AFC Offensive Player of the Month a record eight times[351] (9/2003, 11/2004, 10/2006, 9/2009, 9/2012, 10/2012, 9/2013, 12/2013) and Offensive Player of the Week a then-record 27 times[352] (since broken by Tom Brady).[353]

text: NFL records

text: Manning holds a number of individual career records:

text:
Most career passing yards: 71,940
Most career touchdown passes: 539
First quarterback to reach 200 career wins (playoffs and regular season)[354]
Most touchdown passes, season: 55 (2013)
Most seasons with at least 4,000 passing yards: 14 (1999–2004, 2006–2010, 2012–2014)[355]
Most passing yards, season: 5,477 (2013)
Most games with 40+ pass attempts in a season: 10 (2010)[356]
Most consecutive seasons with at least 20 touchdown passes: 13 (1998–2010)[81]
Most consecutive seasons with at least 25 touchdown passes: 13 (1998–2010)[355]
Most games with a perfect passer rating, career: 4 (includes 1 playoff game)[156]
Most consecutive games started to open a career: 208[81][357]
Most consecutive games with at least 2 touchdown passes: 13 (games 1–13, 2004)[358]
Most consecutive games with at least 4 touchdown passes: 5 (games 7–11, 2004)[359]
Most games with at least 4 touchdown passes, season: 8 (2013)[359]
Most regular season games with at least 4 touchdown passes, career: 25[360][361]
Most games with at least 5 touchdown passes, career: 8 (includes 1 playoff game)[362]
Only QB with at least 6 touchdown passes in three games[363]
One of eight QBs with at least 7 touchdown passes in a game
Highest career passing TDs/game average (min. 150 TD passes): 2.046 TDs/game[81]
Highest completion percentage by a QB in one month in NFL history (min. 75 attempts): 81.8% (December 2008)[81]
Most career games with a completion percentage of 70% or higher (min. 10 attempts): 66[364]
Most consecutive regular season wins as a starter: 23 (2008–2009)[citation needed]
Most seasons with 10+ wins as a starter (regular season only): 14 (1999–2000, 2002–2010, 2012–2014)
Most seasons with 12+ wins as a starter (regular season only): 11 (1999, 2003–2009, 2012–2014)
Only QB with seven straight seasons of 12+ wins as a starter(2003–2009)[365]
Only QB to lead five consecutive 4th quarter comeback wins (games 7–11, 2009)[366]
First QB to defeat the other 31 teams in the regular season (Tom Brady did this later the same day, and Brett Favre did it the following week)[367]
Most wins as a starting QB in a decade, regular season: 115 (2000s)[368]
Most AP NFL MVP Awards: 5 (2003, 2004, 2008, 2009, 2013)

text: Personal life

text: Manning was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Olivia (née Williams) and former NFL quarterback Archie Manning. He is the brother of two-time Super Bowl Champion, Eli Manning.[369] Some have described the Mannings as football's "royal family".[370][371][372][373][374]

text: Manning married his wife, Ashley, in Memphis on St. Patrick's Day, 2001. A graduate of the University of Virginia, Ashley was introduced to him by her parents' next-door neighbor the summer before Manning's freshman year in college. Peyton and wife Ashley have twins, a son, Marshal Williams, and a daughter, Mosley Thompson, born on March 31, 2011.[375]

text: Manning is a Christian. At age 13, he said, "I committed my life to Christ, and that faith has been most important to me ever since." Manning said his priorities ranked in order are "...faith, family, friends, and football." Manning said he prays every night and before games and added, "I hope (and pray) I don't do too many things that displease Him before I get to Heaven myself. I believe, too, that life is much better and freer when you're committed to God in that way."[376]

text: Manning reportedly memorized the Colts' playbook within a week after being drafted,[74] and in 2012 was able to precisely recall the details and timing of a specific play he had used at Tennessee 16 years earlier.[377] During the summer, Archie, Peyton, Eli, and eldest sibling Cooper run the Manning Passing Academy, a five-day camp which aims to improve the offensive skills of quarterbacks, wide receivers, tight ends, and running backs.[378] In addition to the Mannings, the camp has included many prominent players from football as coaches, such as Colts wide receivers Marvin Harrison and Reggie Wayne.[379]

text: Manning, along with his father Archie, co-authored a book titled, Manning: A Father, His Sons, and a Football Legacy, which was released in 2000. The book covers Archie's and Cooper's lives and careers, and Manning's life and career up to the time that the book was released, and examines football from both Archie's and Manning's points-of-view.[380]

text: Mark Kiszla, a sports columnist for the Denver Post, in a column about Manning's future plans, said that Manning's net worth "is estimated to be in excess of $150 million" and "That's not enough money to buy an NFL franchise by himself, although an ownership group that included Manning as president with a financial stake in the team would be led by a brilliant football mind."[381] He has donated over $8,000 to Republican politicians, among them Fred Thompson, Bob Corker and former President George W. Bush.[382] During the 2016 presidential race, Manning contributed to the campaign of Jeb Bush.[383] On October 26, 2012, Manning purchased 21 Papa John's Pizza stores, all in Colorado.[384] He sold his stakes in the stores in February 2018.[385]

text: Other work

text: Manning has been credited with helping to improve the image of the city of Indianapolis.[386] A curator at the Indiana State Museum observed that "There is no Super Bowl held here without Peyton. There is no Lucas Oil Stadium without Peyton. Without Peyton, the Colts would probably be in L.A. right now."[387] He has become one of the NFL's most marketable players, appearing in several television and printed advertisements for some of the NFL's biggest sponsors.[388][389][390]

text: Manning hosted Saturday Night Live on March 24, 2007, his 31st birthday. The episode earned the show's highest household rating in more than 10 months in the metered markets.[391] He also appeared on SNL in 2008 and on the 2015 Saturday Night Live 40th Anniversary Special.

text: On May 27, 2007, Manning waved the green flag to begin the 91st Indianapolis 500.[392] On February 18, 2018, he drove the pace car during the 2018 Daytona 500.[393] Before the latter, he made a guest appearance on Fox NASCAR's pre-race show alongside race pole-sitter and fellow Nationwide Insurance spokesman Alex Bowman.[394]

text: In 2009, Manning guest-voiced (with his brothers, Eli and Cooper) on an episode of The Simpsons called "O Brother, Where Bart Thou?" in which Bart dreams of having a baby brother and sees such famous brothers as The Marx Brothers, The Blues Brothers, The Wright Brothers, The Mario Brothers, and The Manning Brothers.[395] Manning also voiced the character 'Guapo' in the 2017 motion picture, Ferdinand.[396]

text: Manning hosted the 2017 ESPY Awards on July 12, 2017.[397]

text: Philanthropy

text: Shortly after beginning his NFL career, Manning started his own charity called 'the Peyback Foundation'. The Peyback Foundation's mission is to help disadvantaged kids, and focuses its efforts in Louisiana, Tennessee, and Indiana.[398] For his work with this foundation, Manning received the Samuel S. Beard Award for Greatest Public Service by an Individual 35 Years or Under, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.[399]

text: Manning, along with his brother Eli, volunteered their assistance in the wake of Hurricane Katrina. Among the tasks performed, the Mannings assisted in the delivery of 30,000 pounds of water, Gatorade, baby formula, diapers, and pillows to the people of New Orleans.[400]

text: In September 2007, St. Vincent Hospital in Indianapolis renamed its children's hospital to "Peyton Manning Children's Hospital at St. Vincent." Manning and his wife made a donation of an undisclosed amount to St. Vincent's and have had a relationship with the hospital since his arrival in Indianapolis.[401][402]


document_title: Petty officer

question_text: where did the name petty officer come from

text: Petty officer

text: Origin[edit]

text: The modern petty officer dates back to the Age of Sail. Petty officers rank between naval officers (both commissioned and warrant) and most enlisted sailors. These were men with some claim to officer rank, sufficient to distinguish them from ordinary ratings, without raising them so high as the sea officers. Several were warrant officers, in the literal sense of being appointed by warrant, and like the warrant sea officers, their superiors, they were usually among the specialists of the ship's company.[1] The Oxford English Dictionary suggests that the title derives from the Anglo-Norman and Middle French "petit", meaning "of small size, small, little".[2]

text: Two of the petty officer's rates, midshipman and master's mate, were a superior petty officer with a more general authority, but they remained no more than ratings. However, it was quite possible for a warrant officer (such as the armourer), in his role as a superior officer, to be court-martialed for striking a midshipman. This is because both were regarded as future sea officers, with the all-important social distinction of having the right to walk the quarterdeck. Midshipmen wore distinctive uniforms, master's mates dressed respectably, and both behaved like officers. The master's mate rating evolved into the rank of sub-lieutenant, and midshipman evolved into naval cadet.[1]

text: Usage in Navies[edit]

text: Canada[edit]

text: There are two petty officer ranks in the Royal Canadian Navy. Petty officer, 2nd class (PO2) (maître de deuxième classe or m2 in French) is equivalent to a sergeant and petty officer, 1st class (PO1) (maître de première classe or m1) is equivalent to a warrant officer.

text: Petty officers are normally addressed as "Petty Officer Bloggins" or "PO Bloggins", thereafter as "PO". The "1st class" and "2nd class" designations are normally only used when such a distinction needs to be made, such as on a promotion parade or to distinguish two petty officers with similar names but different ranks. The NATO rank denotion for "petty officer, 2nd class" is OR-6 (petty officers, 2nd class with less than 3 years seniority are considered OR-5). The NATO rank denotion for "petty officer, 1st class" is OR-7.

text: India[edit]

text: A petty officer is a non-commissioned officer in the Indian Navy, equivalent to the NATO rank enlisted grade of OR-5. They are equal in rank to a sub inspector of police in the Indian Police Services, or sergeant in the Indian Army and Indian Air Force. A petty officer is superior in rank to a leading rate and subordinate to a chief petty officer, as is the case in the majority of Commonwealth navies.

text: A petty officer has the ability to work as a leader, capable of taking charge of a group of personnel, and taking roles in the training and recruitment of new members of the Indian Navy.

text: United Kingdom[edit]

text: In the Royal Navy, the rate of petty officer comes above that of leading rating and below that of chief petty officer. It is the equivalent of sergeant in the Royal Marines, British Army and Royal Air Force. Petty officer is the lowest of the senior rating grades. Petty officers, like all senior rates, wear "fore and aft" rig.

text:
[show]

v
t
e

Ratings and other ranks of the British Armed Forces

Service
Royal Navy
Royal Marines
Army
Royal Air Force

OR-1

Pte
AC

OR-2
AB
Mne
Pte
LAC

OR-3
Not Applicable
LCpl
LCpl
SAC / SAC(T) / LCpl (RAF Regt only)

OR-4
LH
Cpl
Cpl
Cpl

OR-5/OR-6
PO
Sgt
Sgt
Sgt

OR-7
CPO
CSgt
SSgt / CSgt
Chf Tech - Flt Sgt

OR-8

WO2
WO2

OR-9
WO1
WO1
WO1
WO / MAcr

tag: table

text: United States[edit]

text: The title of petty officer in the United States Navy and United States Coast Guard has three separate "classes" (3rd class through 1st class) and three senior grades (chief petty officer, senior chief petty officer, master chief petty officer). Petty officer, first class is equivalent in paygrade to staff sergeant in the United States Army and Marine Corps, and technical sergeant in the United States Air Force. Petty officer, second class is equivalent in paygrade to sergeant in the United States Army and Marine Corps, and staff sergeant in the United States Air Force. Petty officer, third class is equivalent in paygrade to corporal in the United States Army (or specialist), corporal in the United States Marine Corps, and senior airman in the United States Air Force.

text: Enlisted rank has two components: rate (pay grade) and rating (job specialty). Both components are reflected in the title. A sailor in the rate of petty officer first class with a rating of yeoman, would be a Yeoman 1st Class (abbreviated "YN1"). In the Navy, it is acceptable to refer to Petty Officer as such, while in the Coast Guard, rating is always used.

text:
[show]

v
t
e

United States enlisted ranks

Pay grade →
Branch of service ↓
E-1
E-2
E-3
E-4
E-5
E-6
E-7
E-8
E-9

Army

PVT

PV2

PFC

SPC – CPL

SGT

SSG

SFC

MSG – 1SG

SGM – CSM – SMA

Marine Corps

Pvt

PFC

LCpl

Cpl

Sgt

SSgt

GySgt

MSgt – 1stSgt

MGySgt – SgtMaj – SgtMajMarCor

Navy

SR

SA

SN

PO3

PO2

PO1

CPO

SCPO – CMDCS

MCPO – CMDCM – FORCM, FLTCM – MCPON

Air Force

AB

Amn

A1C

SrA

SSgt

TSgt

MSgt – 1st Sgt

SMSgt – 1st Sgt

CMSgt – 1st Sgt – CCM – CMSAF

Coast Guard

SR

SA

SN

PO3

PO2

PO1

CPO

SCPO

MCPO – CMC – Area CMC, CGRF-MC – MCPOCG

text: Non English-speaking countries[edit]

text: In some countries the same term is used as for a non-commissioned officer (NCO) in land forces, e.g. "suboficial" in some Spanish-speaking countries. The Russian equivalent is Glavny Starshina.


document_title: The Parent Trap (1961 film)

question_text: who played the parents in the parent trap

text: The Parent Trap (1961 film)

text: Plot[edit]

text: Identical twins Susan Evers and Sharon McKendrick (Hayley Mills) meet at Miss Inch's Summer Camp for Girls, unaware that they are sisters. Their identical appearance initially creates rivalry, and they pull pranks on each other, which eventually leads to the camp dance being ruined. As punishment, Miss Inch decides that they must live together in the isolated "Serendipity" cabin (and eat together at an "isolation table") for the rest of the camp season. After finding out that they both come from single parent homes, they soon realize they are twin sisters and that their parents, Mitchell "Mitch" Evers (Brian Keith) and Margaret "Maggie" McKendrick (Maureen O'Hara), divorced shortly after their birth, with each parent having custody of one of them. The twins, each eager to meet the parent she never knew, decide to switch places. Susan gives Sharon a matching haircut and has her bite her nails. They also take a crash-course getting to know each other while learning about each other's personalities and ways of life.

text: While Susan is in Boston at their grandparents' house pretending to be Sharon, Sharon goes to California to their father's house, pretending to be Susan. Sharon learns their father is engaged to a child-hating gold digger named Vicky Robinson (Joanna Barnes). Sharon calls Susan to tell her that their father is planning to marry Vicky, who is beautiful and dangerous, and that she must bring their mother to California immediately. Susan eventually reveals to their mother and grandparents the truth about their switching places. They're extremely happy to see Susan again, and Maggie and Susan fly to California. After Mitch and Maggie are reunited, they have a fight, and the twins make their surprise appearance together. Mitch is extremely happy to see Sharon again, and after he tells Vicky the truth about the twins, she is shocked and furious — especially after learning that Maggie plans to spend the night at his house.

text: The girls recreate their parents' first date at an Italian restaurant with a gypsy violinist. The former spouses are gradually drawn together, but have another fight, with Maggie telling Mitch that she and Sharon are leaving in the morning, and that she wishes him the best of everything with Vicky. Susan and Sharon try to find a way to delay their return to Boston, so the twins dress and talk alike so their parents are unable to tell them apart. They will reveal who is who only after returning from the annual family camping trip. Mitch and Maggie reluctantly agree. Vicky is furious, so Maggie tricks her into taking her place and letting her know it would give her a chance to get to know the twins better. Mitch was an outdoorsman, but Vicky wasn't, and she wasn't used to climbing mountains and being in the woods, so the twins decide to play tricks on her. Vicky spends her time swatting mosquitoes after unknowingly using sugared water instead of mosquito repellent, and being awakened by two bear cubs licking honey off her feet, which the twins had previously placed there. Vicky finally throws a screaming tantrum and screams at Hecky, the ranch foreman, to take her home. After breaking a fishing pole, knocking down the food table and throwing food, she pushes Mitch, with a face full of shaving cream, into the tent. The twins give Vicky the clothes she borrowed from Mitch, and Vicky slaps one of them in the face. Mitch finally sees the truth about Vicky, and after she and Hecky leave, Mitch and the twins return home.

text: Back at the house, the twins apologize for what they did to Vicky, and are forgiven. Maggie makes dinner, and Mitch talks about what their life was like when they were married. They realized they still loved each other, and didn't want to grow into a couple of old and lonely people. They share a kiss, and decide to remarry. The twins, their grandparents, and Hecky and Verbena the housekeeper, are present at their wedding, with the Reverend Dr. Mosby conducting the ceremony.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Hayley Mills as Sharon McKendrick and Susan Evers
Brian Keith as Mitchell "Mitch" Evers
Maureen O'Hara as Margaret "Maggie" McKendrick
Joanna Barnes as Vicky Robinson
Charlie Ruggles as Charles McKendrick
Cathleen Nesbitt as Louise McKendrick
Una Merkel as Verbena the housekeeper
Leo G. Carroll as Reverend Dr. Mosby
Linda Watkins as Edna Robinson
Ruth McDevitt as Miss Abbey Inch
Crahan Denton as Hecky the ranch foreman
Nancy Kulp as Miss Grunecker
Frank De Vol as Mr. Eaglewood

text: Production notes[edit]

text: The film originally called for only a few trick photography shots of Hayley Mills in scenes with herself; the bulk of the film was to be shot using a body double. The film used Disney's proprietary sodium vapor process for compositing rather than the usual chroma key technique. When Walt Disney saw how seamless the processed shots were, he ordered the script reconfigured to include more of the special effect. Disney also wanted Mills to appear on camera as much as possible, knowing that she was having growth spurts during filming.

text: The film was shot mostly at various locales in California. The summer camp scenes were filmed at Bluff Lake Camp (then owned by the Pasadena YMCA, now by Habonim Dror's Camp Gilboa) and the family camping scenes later in the movie at Cedar Lake Camp, both in the San Bernardino Mountains near the city of Big Bear Lake in Southern California. The Monterey scenes were filmed in various California locations, including millionaire Stuyvesant Fish's 5,200 acres (21 km2) ranch in Carmel and Monterey's Pebble Beach golf course. The scenes at the Monterey house were shot at the studio's Golden Oak Ranch in Placerita Canyon, where Mitch's ranch was built.[5] It was the design of this set that proved the most popular, and to this day the Walt Disney Archives receives requests for plans of the home's interior design.[6] In fact, there never was such a house; the set was simply various rooms built on a sound stage. Camp Inch was based on a real girls' camp called Camp Crestridge for Girls at the Ridgecrest Baptist Conference Center near Asheville, North Carolina.

text: Musical numbers[edit]

text: Richard and Robert Sherman provided the songs, which, besides the title song "The Parent Trap", includes "For Now, For Always", and "Let's Get Together". "Let's Get Together" (sung by Annette Funicello) is heard playing from a record player at the summer camp; the tune is reprised by the twins when they restage their parents' first date and that version is sung double-tracked by Hayley Mills. (Hayley's own single of the song, credited to "Hayley Mills and Hayley Mills," reached #8 on the US charts.) The film's title song was performed by Tommy Sands and Annette Funicello, who were both on the studio lot shooting Babes in Toyland at the time.

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The film was nominated for two Academy Awards: one for Sound by Robert O. Cook, and the other for Film Editing by Philip W. Anderson.[7] The film and its editor, Philip W. Anderson, won the inaugural 1962 Eddie Award of the American Cinema Editors. [8]

text: Subsequent developments[edit]

text: In 1961 a comic book version of the film was published, adapted and illustrated by Dan Spiegle.[9][10]

text: The film was theatrically re-released in 1968 and earned $1.8 million in rentals.[11]

text: The Disney Studios produced three television sequels The Parent Trap II (1986), Parent Trap III (1989) and Parent Trap: Hawaiian Honeymoon (1989). The original was remade in 1998 starring Lindsay Lohan, Dennis Quaid and Natasha Richardson.

text: In India, there have been several films inspired by The Parent Trap. In 1965, a Tamil language version of the story called Kuzhandaiyum Deivamum, starring Kutty Padmini was released. The following year, it was remade into Telugu as Leta Manasulu also starring Kutty Padmini. A Hindi version Do Kaliyaan starring Neetu Singh in the double role was made in 1968.[12] The 1987 film Pyar Ke Kabil also has a similar storyline, as does the 2001 film Kuch Khatti Kuch Meethi which has Kajol playing the double role of 23-year-old twins.[13]

text: Home media[edit]

text: The film was released on a 2-disc special edition DVD in 2005. Also enclosed in this package is the made-for-television sequel, The Parent Trap II (1986), plus the original film trailer and other bonus features.


document_title: Population Registration Act, 1950

question_text: when did the population registration act is passed

text: Population Registration Act, 1950

text: This article may be in need of reorganization to comply with Wikipedia's layout guidelines. Please help by editing the article to make improvements to the overall structure. (May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text:
Population Registration Act, 1950

Act to make provision for the compilation of a Register of the Population of the Union; for the issue of Identity Cards to persons whose names are included in the Register; and for matters incidental thereto.Citation
Act No. 30 of 1950Enacted by
Parliament of South AfricaDate of Royal Assent
22 June 1950Date commenced
7 July 1950Date repealed
28 June 1991Administered by
Minister of the InteriorRepealing legislation
Population Registration Act Repeal Act, 1991
Status: Repealed

text: The Population Registration Act of 1950 required that each inhabitant of South Africa be classified and registered in accordance with his or her racial characteristics as part of the system of apartheid.[1][2][3]

text: Social rights, political rights, educational opportunities, and economic status were largely determined by the group to which an individual belonged. There were three basic racial classifications under the law: Black, White and Coloured (mixed). Indians (that is, South Asians from the former British India, and their descendants) were later added as a separate classification as they were seen as having "no historical right to the country".

text: An Office for Race Classification was set up to overview the classification process.  Classification into groups was carried out using criteria such as outer appearance, general acceptance and social standing. For example, it defined a "white person" as one who "in appearance is obviously a white person who is generally not accepted as a coloured person; or is generally accepted as a white person and is not in appearance obviously a white person." Because some aspects of the profile were of a social nature,[2] reclassification was not uncommon, and a board was established to conduct that process. For example, the following criteria were used for separating the coloureds from the whites:[2]

text:
Characteristics of the person's head hair
Characteristics of the person's other hair
Skin colour
Facial features
Home language and especially the knowledge of Afrikaans
Area where the person lives, the person's friends and acquaintances
Employment
Socioeconomic status
Eating and drinking habits

text: This law worked in tandem with other laws passed as part of the apartheid system. Under the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1949, it was illegal for a white person to marry a person of another race. With the enactment of the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950, it also became a crime for a white person and a person of another race to have sexual intercourse.

text: Under the act, as amended, Coloureds and Indians were formally classified into various subgroups, including Cape Coloured, Malay, Griqua, Chinese, Indian, Other Asian and Other Coloured.[4][5]

text: The South African Parliament repealed the act on June 17, 1991. However, the racial categories defined in the act remain ingrained in South African culture[6][7] and they still form the basis of some official policies and statistics aimed at redressing past economic imbalances (Black Economic Empowerment and Employment Equity).[8][9]