document_title: Metrization theorem

question_text: give an example of a topological space which is not metrizable

text: Metrization theorem

text: Properties[edit]

text: Metrizable spaces inherit all topological properties from metric spaces. For example, they are Hausdorff paracompact spaces (and hence normal and Tychonoff) and first-countable. However, some properties of the metric, such as completeness, cannot be said to be inherited. This is also true of other structures linked to the metric. A metrizable uniform space, for example, may have a different set of contraction maps than a metric space to which it is homeomorphic.

text: Metrization theorems[edit]

text: One of the first widely recognized metrization theorems was Urysohn's metrization theorem. This states that every Hausdorff second-countable regular space is metrizable. So, for example, every second-countable manifold is metrizable. (Historical note: The form of the theorem shown here was in fact proved by Tychonoff in 1926. What Urysohn had shown, in a paper published posthumously in 1925, was that every second-countable normal Hausdorff space is metrizable). The converse does not hold: there exist metric spaces that are not second countable, for example, an uncountable set endowed with the discrete metric.[3] The Nagata–Smirnov metrization theorem, described below, provides a more specific theorem where the converse does hold.

text: Several other metrization theorems follow as simple corollaries to Urysohn's Theorem. For example, a compact Hausdorff space is metrizable if and only if it is second-countable.

text: Urysohn's Theorem can be restated as: A topological space is separable and metrizable if and only if it is regular, Hausdorff and second-countable. The Nagata–Smirnov metrization theorem extends this to the non-separable case. It states that a topological space is metrizable if and only if it is regular, Hausdorff and has a σ-locally finite base. A σ-locally finite base is a base which is a union of countably many locally finite collections of open sets. For a closely related theorem see the Bing metrization theorem.

text:
Separable metrizable spaces can also be characterized as those spaces which are homeomorphic to a subspace of the Hilbert cube

[
0
,
1

]

N

{\displaystyle \lbrack 0,1\rbrack ^{\mathbb {N} }}

, i.e. the countably infinite product of the unit interval (with its natural subspace topology from the reals) with itself, endowed with the product topology.

text: A space is said to be locally metrizable if every point has a metrizable neighbourhood. Smirnov proved that a locally metrizable space is metrizable if and only if it is Hausdorff and paracompact. In particular, a manifold is metrizable if and only if it is paracompact.

text: Examples[edit]

text:
The group of unitary operators

U

(

H

)

{\displaystyle \mathbb {U} ({\mathcal {H}})}

 on a separable Hilbert space

H

{\displaystyle {\mathcal {H}}}

 endowed with the strong operator topology is metrizable (see Proposition II.1 in [4]).

text: Examples of non-metrizable spaces[edit]

text: Non-normal spaces cannot be metrizable; important examples include

text:
the Zariski topology on an algebraic variety or on the spectrum of a ring, used in algebraic geometry,
the topological vector space of all functions from the real line R to itself, with the topology of pointwise convergence.

text: The real line with the lower limit topology is not metrizable. The usual distance function is not a metric on this space because the topology it determines is the usual topology, not the lower limit topology. This space is Hausdorff, paracompact and first countable.

text: The long line is locally metrizable but not metrizable; in a sense it is "too long".


document_title: Minute Maid Park

question_text: who hit the first homerun in minute maid park

root

text: Minute Maid Park

text: History[edit]

text: Union Station and pre-ballpark era[edit]

text: In 1909, during the time when West End Park was Houston's premier ballpark, the Houston Belt and Terminal Railway Company commissioned the design of a new union station for the city from New York City-based architects Warren and Wetmore. The location called for the demolition of several structures of Houston prominence. Horace Baldwin Rice's residence and Adath Yeshurun Congregation's synagogue among other structures were removed.[16]

tag: p

text: With an original estimated cost of $1 million USD, Union Station was constructed by the American Construction Company for an eventual total of five times that amount.[17] Exterior walls were constructed of granite, limestone, and terracotta, while the interior used an extensive amount of marble. It was completed and opened on March 1, 1911. At the time, Houston, with seventeen railways, was considered the main railroad hub of the Southern United States.[18] This is also evident by the Seal of Houston, which prominently features a locomotive. Two more floors were added the following year.[19]

text: The station served as the main inter-city passenger terminal for Houston for over seven decades thereafter. Passenger rail declined greatly after World War II, and the last regularly-scheduled train, the Lone Star, moved its service to Houston's current Amtrak station on July 31, 1974. With this move, the building effectively became abandoned. On November 10, 1977, the building was added to the National Register of Historic Places by the National Park Service.

text: Planning and funding[edit]

text: In August 1995, Astros owner Drayton McLane, then leasing the Astrodome from Harris County, commented to the Houston Chronicle that he was not in the market for a new ballpark. In reference to Pittsburgh's Three Rivers Stadium and Cincinnati's Riverfront Stadium, McLane noted, "[...] I remember when those were built in the 1970s and those were as good a stadiums as there were. They were the most modern stadiums in the world, and now they're saying they're all bad. That they can't make a go of it without a new stadium. It helps, but there are other things involved."[20]

text: Later that year, Houston's NFL franchise and joint-tenant of the Astrodome, the Houston Oilers, announced that they were leaving to Nashville, Tennessee in order to have a new stadium built for the team there. Citing a lack of adequate luxury boxes, in October, Astros Vice-President Bob McClaren claimed that renovations to the Astrodome would help increase revenue.[21] Drayton McLane pointed toward Astrodome renovations as necessary saying "It's 30 years old and not a lot of money has been spent to remodel it."[22] According to the organization, the team was in danger of being sold to a Virginia businessman who was expected to move the Astros to Washington D.C. because of poor revenue.

text: In June 1996, University of Houston alumnus, BMC Software and San Diego Padres owner, John J. Moores, who wanted to own the next NFL franchise in Houston, met with Texas State Senator Mario Gallegos, Jr., and other local Hispanic leaders in regards to the future of a football-only Astrodome and a new baseball-only ballpark in Downtown Houston.[23] Meanwhile, Harris County Judge Robert Eckels pieced together a plan to build a new ballpark next to the Astrodome in the Astrodomain. The Astros echoed the Astrodomain location sentiment because they believed construction time would be shorter.[24] Eckels, who convinced then Mayor Bob Lanier of the lack of viability for the ballpark in a downtown location, was quoted as saying, "They keep telling me about these miracles in other cities, but it doesn't work in Houston [...] If we are going to put this stadium some place, let's stick with a proven place."[25] This plan was considered to be nearly finalized when the Astros and Harris County agreed to a $250 million USD county-funded stadium whose overrun costs would be funded by the Astros.[26]

text: In August 1996, Houston's Union Station received a $2 million USD grant from the Texas Transportation Commission for renovation in a separate project.[27] Plans for the new ballpark's location drastically changed by September mostly in response to Enron Chairman Kenneth Lay's input and pledge to substantially contribute to funding if placed downtown.[28] It was at this time that the Union Station location was proposed by Lay. Upon an agreement between all of the leadership entities, the idea of a retractable roof stadium was confirmed for the new ballpark. A November referendum was planned for Harris County residents to approve the deal.

text: The Harris County referendum that took place on November 5, 1996, to help fund the ballpark passed by a narrow margin of 51% to 49%.[29] In response to the referendum, during the 75th Texas Legislature Texas State Senator John Whitmire of Houston sponsored a bill supported by five of the six area Harris County senators that would create the Harris County-Houston Sports Authority.[30] With companion House Bill 92 authored by Houston-born Representative Kim Brimer voted upon and adopted by both chambers, the authorization for creation of a sports authority was approved.[31] It was signed into law by Governor George W. Bush on June 2, 1997.[32] The Harris County-Houston Sports Authority would assist in financing for the new ballpark as well as allow for renovation of the Astrodome by allowing for special county-wide taxation of rental cars, tickets, parking, and hotel use.

text: In June 1997, with the ability to create a sports authority signed into law, concurrent votes of the Harris County Commissioners' Court and the Houston City Council to establish the Harris County-Houston Sports Authority on effective September 1, 1997.[33] Its chairman and twelve other directors were jointly appointed by the Mayor of Houston and Harris County Judge. The institution remains in existence today.

text: The ballpark was named "Enron Field" after a $100 million, 30-year naming rights deal was made with Enron on April 7, 1999.[34]

text: Design and construction[edit]

text: Early stadium sketches from Kansas City-based Populous (then HOK Sport) using the working title "The Ballpark at Union Station" were released to the public on October 11, 1996, where Astros President Tal Smith was open about his suggestions for the stadium including the location of the flagpole in center field and a traditional dirt path from the pitcher's mound to home plate.[35][36] While the dirt path was not implemented, the flagpole idea became known as "Tal's Hill" and remained a signature feature of the ballpark until 2016.

text: Union Station's main concourse was preserved and renovated as the ballpark's main lobby.

text: In late 1997, it was announced that local Brown & Root would manage construction of the stadium, while Populous with Walter P. Moore would design it.[37] The electrification of Minute Maid Park's retractable roof was developed by VAHLE, Inc.[38]

text: Ground broke for The Ballpark at Union Station on October 30, 1997.[39] Its groundbreaking ceremony was attended by Enron CEO Kenneth Lay, Houston Mayor Bob Lanier, Astros owner Drayton McLane, Harris County Judge Robert Eckles, Harris County Commissioner El Franco Lee, and Harris County-Houston Sports Authority Chairman Jack Rains.

text: Statues of longtime Astros players Jeff Bagwell and Craig Biggio are located in the exterior of the ballpark in a space known as The Plaza at Minute Maid Park. The two former teammates are depicted playing baseball with each other. The plaza also displays pennants for all Astros division and league championships as well as several plaques to commemorate notable Astros and their achievements.

text: Opening and current use[edit]

text: The ballpark was first christened "Enron Field" on April 7, 2000, with naming rights sold to the Houston energy and financial trading company in a 30-year, $100 million deal. However, Astros management faced a public relations problem when the energy corporation went bankrupt in 2001 due to a financial scandal. Quickly wanting to distance themselves from Enron, Astros ownership asked to prematurely end naming rights, but Enron refused.[40] On February 5, 2002, Astros ownership filed a motion with the court overseeing the company's bankruptcy to force Enron to make an immediate decision on the matter. By February 27, the two entities agreed to end the naming rights, and settled with the Astros paying $2.1 million to Enron. Without a naming rights agreement in place, the ballpark became officially known as "Astros Field".[41]

text: In June 2002, it was announced that the Astros had sold naming rights of the ballpark to locally based Coca-Cola subsidiary Minute Maid for $100 million over 30 years.[42] Its official name was then changed to "Minute Maid Park".

text: During its days as Enron Field, it was also dubbed "Ten-Run" or "Home Run" Field due to its cozy left-field dimensions. In keeping with this theme while paying homage to its current sponsor, the nickname "The Juice Box" is colloquially used today.[43] The dubbing of the park as an extreme hitter-friendly park has been called into question in recent years. The 2009 season saw the park ranked 24th out of 30 Major League parks in terms of runs scored in the park and ten other ballparks saw more home runs hit.[44] The long center-field and left-center-field dimensions (before the 2016-17 renovations) neutralized the park, and Minute Maid's batting park factor is consistently very near average. However, in 2014, it was ranked the 12th-most batter-friendly ballpark.[45]

text: Alterations[edit]

text: In 2004, the Astros launched Wi-Fi throughout the ballpark, allowing fans to use the Internet while attending a game for a fee.[46] In addition, the ballpark was the first major sports facility to use a separate video board exclusively for closed captioning for the hearing impaired of PA system and video board content, rather than appearing along the bottom of the main board.

text: In 2006, the Chick-fil-A cows were unveiled on the foul poles, saying EAT MOR FOWL, and the cows have Astros caps on. If an Astros player hits the pole, all fans in attendance get a coupon for a free chicken sandwich from Chick-fil-A. Hunter Pence is the first and second Astro to hit the left field "Fowl Pole" when he did it twice in the 2007 season. Ty Wigginton became the third Astro to hit the left field pole on September 16, 2007. Kazuo Matsui hit the right field foul pole on August 3, 2009, with a two-run homer in the sixth inning to beat the Giants. Carlos Lee hit the left field pole on July 28, 2010, giving the Astros an 8–1 win against the Cubs. Two days later, Jeff Keppinger hit the left field pole to help the Astros win, 5–0, against the Brewers.

text: After the 2008 season, the Astros' groundskeepers began installing 2.3 acres (9,300 m2) of a new turfgrass playing surface at Minute Maid Park.[47] The Astros also became one of the first to use the new Chemgrass, later known as AstroTurf after its first well-publicized use at the Houston Astrodome in 1966.

text: In honor of longtime Astros broadcaster Milo Hamilton, the City of Houston officially renamed a portion of the Ballpark District to the "Hall of Fame District", and the portion of Hamilton Avenue that runs within that district to "Milo Hamilton Way" on April 8, 2009.[48]

text: For the 2011 season, the park added a large Daktronics HD screen nicknamed "El Grande" replacing the original one in center field. At 54 feet high and 124 feet wide, it is the fourth largest scoreboard in Major League Baseball, behind Safeco Field (home of the Seattle Mariners), Progressive Field (home of the Cleveland Indians), and Kaufmann Stadium (home of the Kansas City Royals). The old screen was taken out and replaced by billboards. Additionally, a smaller HD screen was added on the far left field wall. The ring of advertisement screens around the park were replaced in favor of HD ribbon boards.[7]

text: After the Astros reverted to their original colors and logo in 2013, much of Minute Maid Park was repainted to navy and orange from brick red. Signs with the previous logo and colors were also replaced.[49] More than 4,500 US gallons (17,000 l) of paint were used and over 1,000 signs were replaced.

text: In June 2015 the Astros announced that Tal's Hill would be removed in a major renovation project during the 2015-2016 offseason, to be replaced with additional seating, concessions, and escalators for fans.[50] This would result in center field dimensions of 436 feet (then the longest in MLB) being reduced to 409 feet. In addition, seating sections 256, 257, and 258 in the outfield mezzanine would be removed. However, the project had to be postponed due to the Astros' unexpected American League Wild Card championship and subsequent postseason appearance, along with the stadium's offseason event schedule.[51] The renovation was completed during the 2016-2017 offseason.[52]

text: Major events[edit]

text:
On October 9, 2005, Minute Maid Park hosted the longest postseason game in Major League Baseball history to date, both in terms of time and number of innings. The Astros defeated the Atlanta Braves 7–6 in a game lasting 18 innings, which took 5 hours and 50 minutes to play.[53]
On October 25, 2005, Minute Maid Park hosted the first World Series game ever played in Texas, and the longest World Series game ever played, which the Astros lost to the eventual World Series champion Chicago White Sox 7–5 in 14 innings; this game lasted 5 hours and 41 minutes.[54] The following night, the White Sox won their 3rd title—and first in 88 years—at Minute Maid Park.
On September 30, 2007, in Craig Biggio's last game of his career, Minute Maid Park hit the highest attendance in its 8-year history by selling 43,823 tickets, 107% of its capacity.[55]
On April 5, 2010, Opening Day of 2010, Minute Maid Park surpassed its highest attendance total once again by selling 43,836 tickets, 13 more tickets than its previous record.[56]
The Astros transferred to the American League for the 2013 season, resulting in the designated hitter rule coming into effect at Minute Maid Park. The last pitcher to bat at an MLB game in Houston was Astros pitcher Bud Norris.
In his third start as an Astro, pitcher Mike Fiers threw the stadium's first no-hitter in a 3-0 victory over the Los Angeles Dodgers on August 21, 2015.[57]
In mid-October 2017 the Astros hosted and won the American League Championship Series against the N.Y. Yankees.
In late October 2017 the Astros hosted three World Series games against the Los Angeles Dodgers. The Astros would go on to win the 2017 World series winning 2 of 3 games in Houston and 2 of 4 games in Los Angeles.

tag: ul

text: Non-baseball events[edit]

text: Soccer[edit]

text: While primarily a baseball venue, Minute Maid Park can adequately host sports such as soccer and both codes of rugby. The venue can also play host to large-scale music concerts. It is not large enough to comfortably accommodate American football.

text: Its debut as a soccer venue happened during the 2006 edition of the CONCACAF Champions Cup. The stadium hosted the first leg of the quarterfinal between Portmore United of Jamaica (the "home" team) and Club América of Mexico.[58]

text:
Date
Winning Team
Result
Losing Team
Tournament
Spectators

February 22, 2006
 Club América
2–1
 Portmore United
2006 CONCACAF Champions' Cup Quarterfinal
12,988

tag: table

text: Concerts[edit]

text: Paul McCartney, Jay Z, Beyoncé, Taylor Swift, Nelly, Tim McGraw, Staind and Madonna have all performed at Minute Maid Park.

text:
Date
Artist
Opening act(s)
Tour / Concert name
Attendance
Revenue
Notes

April 21, 2007
Jimmy Buffett
—
Bama Breeze Tour
—
—
Sonny Landreth was a guest. Michael Utley was not at the show due to minor surgery. Mac McAnally filled in on keyboards.[59]

November 16, 2008
Madonna
Paul Oakenfold
Sticky & Sweet Tour
41,498 / 41,498
$5,170,100

November 5, 2011
Taylor Swift
—
Speak Now World Tour
42,095 / 42,095
$3,435,756
Nelly was the special guest.[60]

November 14, 2012
Paul McCartney
—
On the Run Tour
—
—

July 18, 2014
Beyoncé
Jay Z
—
On the Run Tour
40,103 / 40,103
$5,235,438

September 9, 2015
Taylor Swift
Vance Joy
Shawn Mendes
The 1989 World Tour
40,122 / 40,122
$5,202,196
Originally planned to take place on October 13, but was moved backwards to avoid any potential scheduling conflict with the Houston Astros potentially making the 2015 Major League Baseball postseason.[61] Wiz Khalifa was the special guest.[62]

November 3, 2018
Ed Sheeran
TBA
÷ Tour
TBA
TBA

text: TV[edit]

text: The nationally syndicated TV talk show Rachael Ray held a mass wedding at the park following Hurricane Ike for 40 couples who were unable to get married after a company they paid to hold the weddings went bankrupt. Comedian Jeffrey Ross served as best man for all 40 couples. The ceremony was aired as part of a special episode of the talk show on November 21, 2008.[63]

text: Other events[edit]

text: The stadium also is the host of the Houston College Classic college baseball tournament, part of the winter fan festival held in February. The tournament features local schools the University of Houston and Rice University every year, a pair of major conference schools, alternating between Big 12 members University of Texas at Austin, Texas Tech University, Baylor University and SEC member Texas A&M University, as well as two other teams from around the country.

text: On May 9, 2015, Canelo Alvarez fought James Kirkland in the first boxing match fought in the stadium. Alvarez defeated Kirkland via knockout in the third round.

text: The University of Houston–Downtown also holds their commencement ceremony in Minute Maid Park.[64]

text: Minute Maid Park hosted a cricket match on November 11, 2015, the second in a series of three Cricket All-Stars matches played by retired greats of the game.[65] Shane Warne's Warne's Warriors clinched the series 2-0. Keeping with the naming conventions from the previous match at Minute Maid Park, the ends were named after Nolan Ryan and José Cruz, two players that have their numbers retired by the Astros.

text: On January 30, 2017, the stadium was the site of opening festivities for Super Bowl LI, to be held at nearby NRG Stadium. The event included the popular Media Day where players on the New England Patriots and Atlanta Falcons conducted interviews.[66]

text: In April 2017, the park hosted the final rounds of the Houston leg of the FIRST Championship. To avoid damaging the field while the Astros were in season, the competition fields were built on a stage over the infield dirt between first and third base.[67]

text: Features[edit]

text: The largest entrance to the park is inside what was once Houston's Union Station, and the left-field side of the stadium features a railway as homage to the site's history. The train moves along an 800-foot (240 m) length of track on top of the length of the exterior wall beyond left field when the Astros take the field during the first inning, when an Astros player hits a home run, and when the Astros win a game. It is driven by Bobby Vasquez, who goes by the name Bobby Dynamite.[68] The engine's tender is filled with giant oranges in reference to Minute Maid's most famous product, orange juice.

text: In dramatic contrast to the Astrodome, the most pitching-oriented stadium in Major League Baseball for most of its existence, Minute Maid Park is known[by whom?] for being particularly hitter-friendly down the lines, especially in left field where it is only 315 ft (96 m) to the Crawford Boxes, though the wall there is 19 feet (5.8 m) tall. In a challenge to home run hitters, former Astros owner Drayton McLane's office window, located in the old Union Station and directly above the Crawford Boxes, is made of glass and a sign below the window is marked 422 ft (135 m) from home plate.

text: In contrast to the ease of hitting a home run to the Crawford Boxes, it was quite difficult to hit a ball out in center field, as the deep-centre wall was 436 ft (133 m) from home plate and had held the top spot for active MLB ballparks for the deepest center field of any park in baseball.[69] Fielding is a challenge there as well, due to the 90-foot (27 m) wide center field incline called Tal's Hill, for former team president Tal Smith, an element taken from Crosley Field and other historic ballparks, and the flagpole in play, an element taken from Yankee Stadium before its remodeling in the mid-'70s and Tiger Stadium among others. Milwaukee Brewers player Richie Sexson once hit a ball off the flagpole. There was a mark there until the 2011 season, when the pole was repainted. The hill and the flagpole were scheduled to be removed following the 2015 season,[70] but remained in place due to an unexpected playoff run.[71] The hill and flagpole remained in place until the end of the 2016 season.[72]

text: The visiting team's bullpen is housed entirely in the exterior left field wall, next to the Crawford Boxes, making it one of the few bullpens in Major League ballparks to be completely indoors. Although windows in the outfield fence offer a view into and from the bullpen, its entrance is actually built into the side of the Crawford Boxes.

text: While Crosley Field's infamous left field terrace, which was half as steep (only 15°) as Tal's Hill (30°), was a natural feature of the site on which the park was located, Tal's Hill is purely decorative. Both features have been held in equal disdain by center fielders. This hill has caused some of the most replayed catches in recent baseball history, and plenty of controversy as well. Lance Berkman said, "If the ball rolls onto the hill, it's not steep enough to roll back, so you have to go get it. Then there's the chance of running into the flagpole that's on it and getting hurt." Fans started an online petition to remove the hill and flagpole, though the petition has since been discontinued. On June 4, 2015, the Astros announced that they would be removing Tal's Hill as part of a $15 million renovation for the 2016 season. The center field fence was to be moved in from 436 feet (which from 2000 to 2016 was the longest in baseball) to 409 feet (125 m) from home plate, but the center field renovations were delayed until after the 2016 season, due at least in part to the 2015 playoffs cutting into planned construction time.[73]

text: The ballpark features 19,201 seats on the lower level,[74] 7,132 seats on the second level,[74] 880 seats on the suite level,[74] and 13,750 seats on the upper level.[74]

text: A concourse above Tal's Hill features the "Phillips 66 Home Run Porch" in left-center field that is over the field of play, and features a classic petrol pump that displays the total number of Astros home runs hit since the park opened.

text: The stadium can be fully air-conditioned when required.

text: Transportation access[edit]

text: Minute Maid Park is located in Downtown Houston in a centralized area of the city, and accessible via a short driving distance on Interstate 10 (Katy Freeway/East Freeway), Interstate 69 (Southwest Freeway/Eastex Freeway), and Interstate 45 (Gulf Freeway/North Freeway). Street parking, garage parking, and private lot parking are available, with an estimated 25,000 spots within walking distance to the ballpark. Taxi cabs and pedicabs are also commonly found near the surrounding ballpark area.

text: Public transportation allows for accessibility via bus or light rail service. The METRORail light rail system has a stop located one block south of Minute Maid Park, Convention District Station, served by the Green and Purple lines. The Red Line also serves the ballpark at Preston Station, six blocks to the west.

text: Hurricane Harvey[edit]

text: In 2017, the park and the entire city suffered from the devastation of Hurricane Harvey, which flooded many parts of the city with several feet of rain over four days. The Astros reported that despite water entering into the service levels of the stadium, Minute Maid Park remained in “good condition” when the storm cleared out. The lingering effects of Harvey forced the Astros to move their series against the Texas Rangers to Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg, Florida.[75]. The Astros returned to Houston on Friday, September 1 to help the initial recovery efforts. Minute Maid Park hosted the city’s first post-Harvey sporting event, and the park’s first double-header the next day in an interleague game (which was a doubleheader) against the New York Mets.


document_title: Rise of the Guardians

question_text: who plays santa claus in rise of the guardians

text: Rise of the Guardians

text: Plot[edit]

text: Jack Frost awakens from a frozen pond with amnesia. Upon realizing no one can see or hear him, he disappears. Three hundred years later Jack, as the spirit of Winter, enjoys delivering snow days to school kids, but resents that they don't believe in him. At the North Pole, the Man in the Moon warns Nicholas St. North that Pitch Black is threatening the children of the world with his nightmares. He calls E. Aster Bunnymund, Sandy, and Tooth, to arms. They are then told that Jack Frost has been chosen to be a new Guardian. Jack is unimpressed by this position, as he still resents not being believed in, but North convinces him to aid them.

text: Visiting Tooth's world, Jack learns that baby teeth contain childhood memories of the children who lost them; Jack's teeth are included, but tells Tooth he doesn't remember. However, Pitch raids Tooth's home in order to kidnap all of her subordinate tooth fairies except Baby Tooth, whom Jack saved, so that the children's teeth can't be collected and steals all the teeth, thus preventing Tooth from sharing Jack's memories and causing children to not believe in Tooth. In order to thwart Pitch's plan, the group decides to collect children's teeth. During their journey, a quarrel between North and Bunnymund awakens a boy, Jamie. Since he still believes, he can see everybody except for Jack. Pitch's nightmares then attack, provoking Sandy as the Guardian of Dreams. Jack aids, but Sandy is killed by Pitch.

text: As Easter approaches, the dejected Guardians gather in Bunnymund's home. With the unexpected aid of Jamie's little sister, Sophie, they begin the process of painting eggs for Easter. After Jack takes Sophie home, he is lured to Pitch's lair by a voice. Pitch taunts him with his memories and fear of non-belief, distracting him long enough for Pitch to destroy the eggs, causing children to stop believing in Easter and Bunnymund. Losing his trust in the Guardians, Jack isolates himself in Antarctica, where Pitch tries to convince him to join his side. When Jack refuses, Pitch threatens to kill Baby Tooth unless Jack gives him his staff. He agrees, but Pitch breaks Jack's staff and throws him down a chasm. Unlocking his memories, he learns that he was a mortal teenager who fell into ice while saving his younger sister. Inspired, Jack fixes his staff and returns to the lair to rescue the kidnapped baby fairies.

text: Due to Pitch, every child in the world except Jamie disbelieves, weakening the Guardians. Finding Jamie's belief wavering, Jack makes it snow in his room, renewing belief and causing Jack to be seen and heard for the first time. Jack and Jamie gather the boy's friends, whose renewed belief bolsters their fight against Pitch. Pitch threatens them, but their dreams prove stronger than his nightmares, resulting in Sandy's resurrection. Defeated and disbelieved in, Pitch tries to retreat, but his nightmares turn on him and trap him in his lair. Afterward, Jamie and his friends bid goodbye to the Guardians as Jack accepts his place as the Guardian of Fun.

text: Cast[edit]

text:
Chris Pine as Jack Frost, the spirit of winter.[7] Jack Frost is a teenage hellion who enjoys creating mischief and has no interest in being bound by rules or obligations; he just wants to spread his winter magic for the sake of fun, but also wants to be believed in. At the end of the film, Jack becomes the Guardian of Fun.
Jude Law as Pitch Black (The Boogeyman), the essence of fear and the Nightmare King.[7]
Alec Baldwin as North (Santa Claus), the leader of the guardians,[7] and the Guardian of Wonder. He lives at the North Pole in his Ice Castle and is served by loyal North Pole natives, the Yetis (who built the castle and workshop) and the Christmas Elves. He carries a Russian accent/culture persona.[8]
Hugh Jackman as Bunnymund (Easter Bunny), the fabled keeper and bringer of Easter eggs and the Guardian of Hope. He has an Australian accent.[7]
Isla Fisher as Tooth Fairy or Tooth for short, the mythical tooth collector and the Guardian of Memories.[7] Tooth is part human and part hummingbird. Assisted by mini fairies that are split-off extensions of herself, she collects the children's teeth, which hold their most precious memories. Tooth stores them in her palace and returns memories when they are needed the most."[9]
The Sandman, or Sandy for short, the Guardian of Dreams is the oldest of the Guardians[10] and the first Guardian chosen by Man in the Moon.[11] He does not speak, but communicates through sand images that he conjures above his head.[12]
Dakota Goyo as Jamie Bennett, a child who has not given up on believing in the Guardians.[13]
Georgie Grieve as Sophie Bennett, Jamie's little sister
Dominique Grund as Cupcake
Olivia Mattingly as Pippa

text: Production[edit]

text: In 2005, William Joyce and Reel FX launched a joint venture, Aimesworth Amusements,[14] to produce CG-animated feature films,[15] one of which was set to be The Guardians of Childhood, based on Joyce's idea.[16] The film was not realized, but they did create a short animated film, The Man in the Moon, directed by Joyce, which introduced the Guardians idea,[16] and served as an inspiration for the film.[2]

text: Early in 2008, Joyce sold the film rights to DreamWorks Animation,[17] after the studio assured him it would respect his vision for the characters and that he would be involved with the creative process.[18] In November 2009, it was revealed that DreamWorks had hired Peter Ramsey to make his feature debut as director of what was then titled The Guardians, and playwright David Lindsay-Abaire to script.[19] Joyce acted as a co-director for the first few years, but left this position after the death of his daughter Mary Katherine,[17] who died of a brain tumor.[18] Joyce continued to assist as an executive producer, while Ramsey took over full directing, making him the first African American to direct a big-budget CG animated film.[20] As with some previous DreamWorks films, Guillermo del Toro came on board as an executive producer. Present almost from the beginning,[21] he was able to help shape the story, character design, theme and structure of the film.[22] He said he was proud that the filmmakers were making parts of the film "dark and moody and poetic," and expressed hope this might "set a different tone for family movies, for entertainment movies."[21] The final title, Rise of the Guardians was announced in early 2011, along with the first cast.[7]

text: Roger Deakins, the cinematographer who had already worked on the previous DreamWorks' film, How to Train Your Dragon, advised on the lighting to achieve its real look. He selected photographic references for color keys, and during the production gave notes on contrast, saturation, depth of field and light intensity.[23] The film contains a lot of special effects, particularly the volumetric particles for depicting Sandman and Pitch.[24] For this, DreamWorks Animation developed OpenVDB, a more efficient tool and format for manipulating and storing volume data, like smoke and other amorphous materials. OpenVDB had been already used on Puss in Boots and Madagascar 3: Europe's Most Wanted, and was released in August 2012 for free as an open source project with a hope to become an industry standard.[25]

text: Although the film is based on the Joyce's book series, it contains differences from the books. The book series, begun in 2011, explains the origins of the characters, while the film takes place about 300 years after the books, and shows how the characters function in present time. Joyce explained, "Because I don't want people to read the book and then go see the movie and go, 'Oh, I like the book better,' and I also didn't want them to know what happens in the movie. And I also knew that during the progress of film production, a lot of things can change. So I wanted to have a sort of distance, so we were able to invoke the books and use them to help us figure out the world of the movie, but I didn't want them to be openly competitive to each other."[17] The idea for the Guardians came from Joyce's daughter, who asked him "if he thought Santa Claus had ever met the Easter Bunny." The film includes a dedication to her,[18] as well a song, "Still Dream," sung over the end credits.[26]

text: Originally, the film was set to be released on November 2, 2012, but DreamWorks Animation pushed the film to November 21, 2012 to avoid competition with Pixar's upcoming film Monsters University, which in turn had been pushed to November 2, 2012 to avoid competition with The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2.[27] Monsters University was then pushed to June 21, 2013, with Disney's Wreck-It Ralph taking its place.[28]

text: Soundtrack[edit]

text: French composer Alexandre Desplat composed the original music for the film, which was released on November 13, 2012 by Varèse Sarabande. The score was recorded in London at Abbey Road Studios and Air Studios, and performed by the London Symphony Orchestra, with a choral contribution by London Voices. David Lindsay-Abaire wrote the lyrics for the end-credit song, "Still Dream," which was performed by soprano Renée Fleming.[29] Stravinsky's Firebird Suite can also be heard during the scene where North first appears. This film marks the first time that a DreamWorks Animation film has not been composed by Hans Zimmer or a member of his Remote Control Productions family of composers (mainly John Powell, Henry Jackman, Harry Gregson-Williams or his brother Rupert Gregson-Williams).

text:
Rise of the Guardians

Film score by Alexandre Desplat

Released
November 13, 2012

Recorded
2012

Genre
Score

Length
67:47

Label
Varèse Sarabande

Producer
Alexandre Desplat

Alexandre Desplat film scores chronology

Argo
(2012)Argo2012
Rise of the Guardians
(2012)
Zero Dark Thirty
(2012)Zero Dark Thirty2012

text:
Track listing:[30]

No.
Title
Length

1.
"Still Dream" (performed by Renée Fleming)
3:12

2.
"Calling the Guardians"
2:06

3.
"Alone in the World"
2:04

4.
"Fanfare of the Elves"
0:53

5.
"Wind Take Me Home!"
1:28

6.
"Dreamsand"
2:03

7.
"Pitch on the Globe"
0:57

8.
"The Moon"
1:32

9.
"Snowballs"
1:31

10.
"Busy Workshop"
1:33

11.
"Sleigh Launch"
1:45

12.
"Nightmares Attack"
7:17

13.
"Tooth Collection"
2:22

14.
"Jamie's Bedroom"
2:31

15.
"Jack & Sandman"
4:18

16.
"Memorial"
1:21

17.
"Guardians Regroup"
0:58

18.
"Easter"
3:39

19.
"Jack Betrays"
3:20

20.
"Kids Stop Believing"
2:35

21.
"Jack's Memories"
2:24

22.
"Pitch at North Pole"
2:00

23.
"Jamie Believes"
3:01

24.
"Jack's Center"
4:52

25.
"Sandman Returns"
2:36

26.
"Dreamsand Miracles"
2:18

27.
"Oath of the Guardians"
3:11

Total length:
67:47

text: Release[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians had its premiere on October 10, 2012, at The Mill Valley Film Festival in Mill Valley, California,[1] followed by the international premiere at The International Rome Film Festival on November 13, 2012.[31][32] Under distribution by Paramount Pictures, the film was released on November 21, 2012, in American theaters.[27] Digitally re-mastered into IMAX 3D, it was shown in limited international and domestic IMAX theaters.[33] It was the second film released in the firm Barco's Auro 11.1 3D audio format, after Red Tails.[34] The film was also shown in Dolby Atmos, a surround sound technology introduced in 2012.[35] Rise of the Guardians was the last DreamWorks Animation film distributed by Paramount, as DreamWorks has signed a five-year distribution deal with 20th Century Fox, which started in 2013 with The Croods.[6]

text: Home media[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians was released on Blu-ray Disc (2D and 3D) and DVD on March 12, 2013.[36]

text: That was the last DreamWorks Animation home media release to be distributed by Paramount Home Entertainment, since 20th Century Fox announced its distribution agreement with DreamWorks Animation a few months before the theatrical release.[6] The film was more successful at home media sales than at the box office, having at the end of the second quarter of 2013 "the highest box office to DVD conversion ratio among major releases."[37] In the first quarter of 2013, it sold 3.2 million home entertainment units worldwide,[38] and in the second quarter 0.9 million units, for a total of 4.1 million units.[39] As of August 2013, 2 million DVDs were sold domestically.[40]

text: It was re-released on DVD on November 5, 2013 and comes with a wind-up marching elf toy.[41]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical response[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians received positive reviews from critics. Based on 148 reviews, the film holds a rating of 74% on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, with an average rating of 6.5/10. The site's critical consensus reads: "A sort of Avengers for the elementary school set, Rise of the Guardians is wonderfully animated and briskly paced, but it's only so-so in the storytelling department."[42] Another review aggregator, Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 top reviews from mainstream critics, calculated a score of 57 based on 34 reviews, or "Mixed or average."[43] The film earned an "A" from audiences polled by CinemaScore.[44]

text: Carrie Rickey of The Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film three-and-a-half out of four stars and found the film's characters to have "a primal familiarity, as though they were developed by a tag team of Maurice Sendak and Walt Disney."[45] Olly Richards of Empire wrote, "It's gorgeously designed, deftly written and frequently laugh-out-loud funny. For child or adult, this is a fantasy to get lost in."[46] The Washington Post's Michael O'Sullivan also gave the film a positive review and said, "Thoughts become things. That's the message of Rise of the Guardians, a charming if slightly dark and cobwebbed animated feature about how believing in something makes it real, or real enough."[47] Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave the film three stars and wrote in his review, "There's an audience for this film. It's not me. I gather younger children will like the breakneck action, the magical ability to fly and the young hero who has tired of only being a name." Though he did say, "Their parents and older siblings may find the 89-minute running time quite long enough."[48]

text: Todd McCarthy of The Hollywood Reporter called the film "a lively but derivative 3D storybook spree for some unlikely action heroes."[2] Conversely, Justin Chang in Variety said, "Even tots may emerge feeling slightly browbeaten by this colorful, strenuous and hyperactive fantasy, which has moments of charm and beauty but often resembles an exploding toy factory rather than a work of honest enchantment."[49] Joe Morgenstern of The Wall Street Journal found that the film "lacks a resonant center," and that the script, "seems to have been written by committee, with members lobbying for each major character, and the action, set in vast environments all over the map, spreads itself so thin that a surfeit of motion vitiates emotion."[50]

text: Box office[edit]

text: Rise of the Guardians grossed $103,412,758 in North America, and $203,528,912 in other countries, for a worldwide total of $306,941,670.[4]

text: In North America, the film opened to $32.3 million over its extended five-day weekend, and with $23.8 million over the three-day weekend, it reached fourth place behind The Twilight Saga: Breaking Dawn – Part 2, Skyfall, and Lincoln. The film's opening was the lowest debut for a DreamWorks Animation film since Flushed Away.[44] While the film did gross more than double of its $145 million budget, it still did not turn a profit for DreamWorks Animation due to its high production and marketing costs, forcing the studio to take an $83 million write-down.[51] This marked the first time that the studio had lost money on an animated film since Sinbad: Legend of the Seven Seas.[51][52] As a result of this combined with other factors, in February 2013, the studio announced it was laying off 350 employees as part of a company-wide restructuring.[52]

text: Accolades[edit]

text: The Rome Film Festival and Vanity Fair magazine awarded the new Vanity Fair International Award for Cinematic Excellence in November 2012 to Rise of the Guardians.[31] The film also received the Hollywood Animation Award at the 16th Annual Hollywood Film Festival, held on October 22, 2012.[53]

text:
List of awards and nominations

Award
Category
Recipients
Result

African-American Film Critics Association
Best Animation

Won

Alliance of Women Film Journalists
Best Animated Female
Isla Fisher (Tooth)
Nominated

American Cinema Editors
Best Edited Animated Feature Film
Joyce Arrastia

Annie Awards[54][55]
Best Animated Feature

Animated Effects in an Animated Production
Andy Hayes, Carl Hooper, David Lipton
Won

Character Animation in a Feature Production
David Pate
Nominated

Phillppe LeBrun

Pierre Perifel

Music in an Animated Feature Production
Alexandre Desplat

Production Design in an Animated Feature Production
Patrick Hanenberger, Max Boas, Jayee Borcar
Woonyoung Jung, Perry Maple, Peter Maynez
Stan Seo, Felix Yoon

Storyboarding in an Animated Feature Production
Johanne Matte
Won

Voice Acting in an Animated Feature Production
Jude Law
Nominated

Editorial in an Animated Feature Production
Joyce Arrastia

Critics Choice Awards[56]
Best Animated Feature

Cinema Audio Society
Outstanding Achievement in Sound Mixing for Motion Pictures Animated

Golden Globe Awards[57]
Best Animated Feature Film

Golden Reel Awards
Best Sound Editing in an Animated Feature Film

Hollywood Film Festival[53]
Best Animated Feature
Peter Ramsey
Won

International Film Music Critics Association Awards
Film Composer of the Year
Alexandre Desplat, also for Argo, Moonrise Kingdom, Rust and Bone, and Zero Dark Thirty
Nominated

Best Original Score for an Animated Feature
Alexandre Desplat
Won

Mill Valley Film Festival[58]
Audience Favorite Children's Film
Peter Ramsey

Producers Guild of America
Outstanding Producer of An Animated Theatrical Motion Picture
Nancy Bernstein, Christina Steinberg
Nominated

Satellite Awards 2012[59]
Best Animated or Mixed Media

Won

Visual Effects Society[60][61]
Outstanding Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Nancy Bernstein, David Prescott, Peter Ramsey, Christina Steinberg
Nominated

Outstanding Created Environment in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
The North Pole: Eric Bouffard, Sonja Burchard, Andy Harbeck, Peter Maynez
Nominated

Outstanding FX and Simulation Animation in an Animated Feature Motion Picture
Last Stand: Andy Hayes, Carl Hooper, Andrew Wheeler, Stephen Wood
Nominated

Women Film Critics Circle[62]
Best Family Film
Rise of the Guardians – tied with Life of Pi
Won

text: Video game[edit]

text: A video game based on the film was released by D3 Publisher on November 20, 2012 in North America,[63] and released on November 23, 2012 in Europe.[64] It allows gamers to lead the Guardians in their battle against Pitch. The game is a 3D beat-em-up, where the player travels through each of the worlds: Burgess, North Pole, Bunnymund Valley, Tooth Palace, and Sandman's Ship, to fight Pitch's army of Nightmares. The player can switch between all five guardians at any time, and freely customize their powers, and they learn new special abilities as they level up. All the game versions support up to 4 player gameplay.[65] It is available on the Wii, Wii U, Xbox 360, PlayStation 3, Nintendo DS and Nintendo 3DS.[66]

text: Possible sequels[edit]

text: After the release of the film, the creators of Rise of the Guardians expressed hope that the strong A- Cinemascore average for the film and an enthusiastic word-of-mouth would gather support for the "chance to make a sequel or two."[67] Author and co-producer of the series, William Joyce, also mentioned in March 2013 that he was still in talks about a sequel with DreamWorks Animation: "There is something that we are proposing that we hope they will want to do."[68]

text: Notes[edit]

text: ^ In July 2014, the film's distribution rights were purchased by DreamWorks Animation from Paramount Pictures.[69]

tag: ol


document_title: For You (Liam Payne and Rita Ora song)

question_text: where was for you by rita ora filmed

question_tokens: where was for you by rita ora filmed

text: For You (Liam Payne and Rita Ora song)

text: Promotion[edit]

text: On 20 December 2017, both artists posted a promotional shot on social media of themselves standing together, dressed up to the nines, along with the hashtag "#FiftyShadesFreed".[3][4][5][6] The picture started speculation on a possible collaboration between the two for the upcoming film Fifty Shades Freed, in which Ora appears.[7][8][9][10] A day after, the pair released the first teaser of the song on social media.[11] On 3 January 2018, they revealed the song's release date and released the second teaser,[12][13] a video showing the studio session in which they recorded the song.[14][15][16][17]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text: Lauren O'Neill of Vice called it "a fine song with a serviceable chorus", he disliked Payne's appearance on the track and wrote that it would be "entirely better if Rita, whose voice sounds very pretty here, had been left to her own devices".[18] Patrick Hosken of MTV News wrote that "the song's opening blares immediately reminded me of Celine Dion's "My Heart Will Go On".[19] Sam Damshenas of Gay Times deemed the song "a sultry synthpop duet" that is "catchy as f**k". He expect the song to be "a smash hit", considering how well the previous singles from Fifty Shades soundtrack albums have done.[20] Kevin Goddard of HotNewHipHop described the song as "a sultry, steamy, upbeat and pop-driven dance record".[21]

text: Rap-Up opined that the duet "combines upbeat harmonies with catchy melodies".[22] Michelle Phi of Clevver wrote that "the upbeat dance tempo and sultry lyrics are the perfect combo to get any fan excited about the final installment of Fifty Shades of Grey" and the song "could be the steamiest song to grace the franchise yet".[23] Similarly, Mike Vulpo of E! also regarded the song as "an upbeat dance number that may just get fans more pumped for the steamy movie hitting theatres before Valentine's Day".[24]

text: Chart performance[edit]

text: "For You" peaked at number one in Germany, making it Payne and Ora's first song to top the chart in the country.[25] The song charted within the top five in the charts of Austria, France, Portugal and Switzerland.[26][27][28][29] The single also reached the top 10 in the UK, peaking at number eight, making it Payne's second top 10 in the country as a solo artist and Ora's twelfth.[30][31]

text: Music video[edit]

text: The official music video of the song was released on 26 January 2018 on the Fifty Shades Vevo account. It was directed by Hannah Lux Davis. The filming took place at Oheka Castle on Long Island, off the coast of the eastern United States. It features Ora in a red dress walking and running in the garden and Payne in the castle, with them meeting on the grand staircase at the end. Special effects throughout also show the pair levitating. Comparisons were drawn to the video of "Blank Space" by Taylor Swift, as both videos were filmed in the same location.[32][33]

text: Live performances[edit]

text: On 31 January 2018, Payne and Ora performed "For You" on The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon.[34][35] They also sang on Today on 1 February, and on the French television show C à vous on 5 February.[36][37] The duo also performed the song at the 2018 Brit Awards on 21 February 2018. On 12 April 2018, Payne and Ora performed the song live after Ora performed "Your Song" and "Anywhere" at the German Echo Music Prize.[38]

text: Credits and personnel[edit]

text: Credits adapted from Tidal.[39]

text:
Liam Payne – vocals, background vocals
Rita Ora – vocals, background vocals
Ali Payami – composition, production, background vocals, keyboard, bass, drums, horn, percussion, programming
Ali Tamposi – composition, background vocals
Andrew Watt – composition, production, background vocals, guitar
Peter Karlsson – production, background vocals
John Hanes – mix engineering
Sam Holland – engineering
Serban Ghenea – mixing
Jakob Jerlström – background vocals
Max Grahn – background vocals
Cory Bice – assistant engineering
Jeremy Lertola – assistant engineering
Niklas Ljungfelt – guitar

text: Charts[edit]

text:
Chart (2018)
Peak
position

Australia (ARIA)[40]
15

Austria (Ö3 Austria Top 40)[26]
4

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[41]
8

Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[42]
14

Canada (Canadian Hot 100)[43]
63

Croatia (HRT)[44]
1

Czech Republic (Rádio Top 100)[45]
1

Czech Republic (Singles Digitál Top 100)[46]
2

Denmark (Tracklisten)[47]
17

Europe (Euro Digital Songs)[48]
1

Finland (Suomen virallinen lista)[49]
13

France (SNEP)[27]
2

Germany (Official German Charts)[25]
1

Hungary (Rádiós Top 40)[50]
26

Hungary (Single Top 40)[51]
3

Hungary (Stream Top 40)[52]
16

Ireland (IRMA)[53]
17

Italy (FIMI)[54]
31

Latvia (Latvijas Top 40)[55]
1

Luxembourg Digital Songs (Billboard)[56]
2

Lebanon (Lebanese Top 20)[57]
1

Mexico Airplay (Billboard)[58]
20

Netherlands (Dutch Top 40)[59]
21

Netherlands (Mega Top 50)[60]
15

Netherlands (Single Top 100)[61]
35

New Zealand (Recorded Music NZ)[62]
34

Norway (VG-lista)[63]
10

Poland (Polish Airplay Top 100) [64]
3

Portugal (AFP)[28]
3

Scotland (Official Charts Company)[65]
2

Slovakia (Rádio Top 100)[66]
11

Slovakia (Singles Digitál Top 100)[67]
2

Slovenia (SloTop50)[68]
1

Spain (PROMUSICAE)[69]
47

Sweden (Sverigetopplistan)[70]
15

Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[29]
3

UK Singles (Official Charts Company)[71]
8

US Billboard Hot 100[72]
76

US Mainstream Top 40 (Billboard)[73]
37

text: Certifications[edit]

text:
Region
Certification
Certified units/Sales

Australia (ARIA)[74]
Platinum
70,000^

Belgium (BEA)[75]
Gold
15,000*

Canada (Music Canada)[76]
Gold
40,000^

France (SNEP)[77]
Gold
75,000*

Germany (BVMI)[78]
Gold
200,000^

Italy (FIMI)[79]
Gold
25,000

Portugal (AFP)[80]
Gold
5,000

Sweden (GLF)[81]
Gold
20,000^

United Kingdom (BPI)[82]
Silver
200,000

*sales figures based on certification alone
^shipments figures based on certification alone
sales+streaming figures based on certification alone

text: Release history[edit]

text:
Region
Date
Format
Label
Ref.

Various
5 January 2018
Digital download

Universal Studios
Capitol
Atlantic

[39]

United States
9 January 2018
Contemporary hit radio
Republic
[83]


document_title: Supergirl (TV series)

question_text: what episode of supergirl does she meet the flash

text: Supergirl (TV series)

text: Series overview[edit]

text: Kara Zor-El was sent to Earth from Krypton as a 13-year-old by her parents Zor-El and Alura. Krypton was exploding, and Kara's parents sent Kara in a spacecraft to Earth after her cousin. Kara was meant to protect her infant cousin Kal-El, but her spacecraft was knocked off course and forced into the Phantom Zone, where it stayed for 24 years. By the time the spacecraft crash landed on Earth, Kal-El had grown up and become Superman. The series begins eleven years later when the now 24-year-old Kara is learning to embrace her powers and has adopted the superheroic alias "Supergirl".[1]

text: In the first season, Kara is forced to reveal her powers, and becomes National City's protector.[2] Kara discovers that hundreds of the criminals her mother imprisoned are hiding on Earth, including her aunt Astra and Astra's husband Non. Kara works with her adoptive sister Alex Danvers to fight these criminals, alongside the Green Martian J'onn J'onzz, her cousin's friend James Olsen, and tech genius Winn Schott, Jr.

text: In the second season, Kara and her allies deal with feuds between Earth's native populace and extraterrestrial community, and investigate the shadowy organization Project Cadmus, masterminded by Lillian Luthor, mother of Lex Luthor. At the same time, Kara befriends Lillian's stepdaughter Lena Luthor, the new CEO of LuthorCorp, and struggles with romantic feelings for recent Earth arrival Mon-El, a princely survivor from Krypton's neighboring planet Daxam whose parents wish to reclaim him. James becomes the masked streetfighting vigilante Guardian; Alex begins dating Maggie Sawyer; and J'onn befriends a younger Martian, M'gann, from the White Martian race that killed his people.

text: In the third season, Kara struggles with the loss of Mon-El after he is forced to leave Earth. When Mon-El returns, he reveals that he has time-traveled to the 31st century and founded the Legion, alongside marrying Imra Ardeen. J'onn discovers his father M'yrnn Jonzz is alive and Alex deals with her heartbreak after breaking up with Maggie. Kara and Alex's new friend, Samantha Arias, is unknowingly another Kryptonian survivor, and begins a transformation from a loving single mother into the world-killing weapon known as Reign, who serves a coven headed by her biological mother Selena.

text: SeasonEpisodesOriginally airedNielsen ratingsFirst airedLast airedNetworkRankAverage viewership(in millions)120October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26)April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18)CBS399.81[3]222October 10, 2016 (2016-10-10)May 22, 2017 (2017-05-22)The CW1293.12[4]323October 9, 2017 (2017-10-09)June 18, 2018 (2018-06-18)1542.82[5]

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text:
Melissa Benoist as Kara Danvers / Kara- Zor-El / Supergirl: A 24-year-old Kryptonian living in National City, who must embrace her powers after previously hiding them. She assists her adoptive sister as part of the Department of Extra-Normal Operations (DEO) as she discovered the truth that her adoptive father also worked for the DEO so they would not take her, while Alex's co-workers at the DEO help her perfect her powers.[1][6][7] Kara worked as Cat Grant's assistant at CatCo.[8] Benoist expressed her excitement over portraying the character, and being able to "[tell] a story about a human being really realizing their potential and their strength".[9] At the end of season one, Kara was promoted by Cat and became a junior reporter at the beginning of season two. Malina Weissman (seasons 1 and 2) and Izabela Vidovic (season 3) portray a young Kara.[10][11]
Mehcad Brooks as James Olsen: A former Daily Planet photographer, James moved to National City and became the new art director for his former colleague, Cat Grant, at CatCo Worldwide Media. He is initially a potential love interest for Kara.[7][8][12] Among his reasons for moving across the country are his breakup with his fiancée, Lucy Lane,[13] and keeping an eye on the newly revealed Supergirl for Superman. While working at the Daily Planet, James received the Pulitzer Prize for taking the first photograph of Superman. In the second season, James becomes Guardian.[14] He also becomes the acting CEO of CatCo after Cat Grant takes a leave of absence.
Chyler Leigh as Alex Danvers: Kara's adoptive sister. She is a scientist and government agent who works for Hank Henshaw at the DEO, serving as his right-hand.[8][15][16] Having been extensively trained in combat after joining the DEO, Alex in turn provided rigorous training to Kara in order to decrease her reliance on her powers. Initially, like Kara, she becomes suspicious of the DEO and thus her own role upon learning of their father having worked there in order to protect Kara, but Alex ultimately learns that Henshaw is the Martian survivor J'onn J'onzz in shape-shifted disguise, whom her late father had rescued before his and the real Henshaw's deaths. In season two, Alex continues to search for her father, while she meets and befriends Maggie Sawyer. She develops feelings for her, forcing Alex to confront her sexuality. Jordan Mazarati and Olivia Nikkanen portray a young Alex.[17][11]
Jeremy Jordan as Winslow "Winn" Schott Jr. :A tech expert who worked alongside Kara at CatCo, he is Kara's best friend and serves as one of her allies, helping her develop her costume and aiding her in her adventures. Winn has unrequited feelings for Kara and is a rival with James for her affection. However, at the end of "For the Girl Who Has Everything", Winn has accepted that it is best that they remain as best friends, and in "Solitude", he begins seeing Cat Grant's new assistant, who is also Kara's rival; Siobhan Smythe, who is subsequently fired by Cat and who, in "Worlds Finest", becomes a supernatural metahuman supervillain called Silver Banshee. In the series, he is the son of Toyman.[8][18][19] Cat nicknames him Toyman Junior after she finds out.[20] In season two, Winn left CatCo to work at the DEO as a desk agent. He also works with James Olsen as his vigilante partner. At the end of season 3, he left for the future with Mon-El and joined the Legion of Superheroes.
David Harewood as J'onn J'onzz / Martian Manhunter: The head of the DEO who takes Hank Henshaw's likeness after Henshaw is killed in Peru while hunting J'onn. J'onn takes Henshaw's likeness in order to reform the DEO from within as well as to watch over Alex and Kara.[8][15] The evolution of Henshaw was discussed during the filming of the pilot, with the executive producers jokingly saying that Harewood would be a good actor to play the Martian Manhunter in a potential television series, to which DC Comics' Geoff Johns asked why it could not be done in Supergirl. Harewood reflected that he had difficulty "find[ing] an angle to play Hank Henshaw" in the pilot, and became excited when he was told about the change to his character's backstory.[21] Harewood also recurs in the series as the real Hank Henshaw, who becomes Cyborg Superman.[22]
Calista Flockhart as Cat Grant : The outwardly shallow and superficial founder of the media conglomerate CatCo Worldwide Media, who feels, since she "branded" Kara as "Supergirl", that she has proprietary custody over the new hero.[8][23] Before she founded CatCo, she was a gossip columnist at the Daily Planet, and before that, the personal assistant to the Daily Planet's Editor-in-Chief, Perry White. Cat investigates and reveals that Supergirl is Superman's cousin, which then causes Kara to become a target for some of Superman's rogues gallery. Cat also serves as a mentor to Kara, dispensing advice about being a woman in a man's world. In the episode "Hostile Takeover", she suspects that Kara is Supergirl. In the second episode of season two, Cat announces she is taking a leave of absence from CatCo, leaving James to run the company in her stead. In season three, she became the White House Press Secretary for President Olivia Marsdin.
Chris Wood as Mon-El: A prince from the planet Daxam with similar powers to Superman and Supergirl, Mon-El lands on Earth in the pod at the end of season one.[24][25][26]
Floriana Lima as Maggie Sawyer: A detective for the National City Police Department who takes a special interest in the cases involving aliens and metahumans.[27] Lima became a recurring actress for the third season, departing in the season's fifth episode. Lima noted the role was only intended to last for one season.[28]
Katie McGrath as Lena Luthor:[29]The CEO of L-Corp (formerly known as Luthor Corp) and the younger paternal half-sister of Lex Luthor. She arrives in National City after Lex has been incarcerated, hoping to rebrand Luthor Corp as a force for good.[30] As the daughter of Lionel Luthor, to whom she is close, Lena tries to redeem her family name after Lex's crimes have tarnished it and to break from her half-brother and step-mother's legacy. Initially, she believed that she was the adopted daughter of the Lionel and Lillian Luthor, but Lena learns that she is actually Lionel's illegitimate child from his extramarital affair. Lena meets Kara after Kara is assigned to interview Lena about L-Corp. Shortly after, the two develop a strong friendship. Camille Marty portrays a young Lena.[31]
Odette Annable as Samantha Arias / Reign: Another Kryptonian sent to Earth as an infant and single mother to her daughter Ruby. Samantha's villainous alternate personality, Reign, emerges in the middle of season 3, but she is unaware of it and her alter ego's actions.[32][33]

text: Jesse Rath was promoted to series regular for season four after previously recurring as Querl "Brainy" Dox / Brainiac 5.[34] Original cast member Jeremy Jordan will shift into a recurring role for the fourth season.[35] Wood and Annable will not return as series regulars.[36][37]

text: Production[edit]

text: Development[edit]

text: By September 2014, Warner Bros. Television was looking to create a television series centered around Supergirl. Executive producers for the series include Greg Berlanti (also a creator/producer for Arrow and The Flash), Ali Adler, who are both writing the script, and Berlanti Productions' Sarah Schechter. DC Comics' Geoff Johns is also expected to be part of the project. Titles under consideration for the series included Super and Girl.[38] Berlanti confirmed the show shortly after, and stated it was in development and had yet to be pitched to networks.[39] On September 20, it was announced that CBS had landed Supergirl with a series commitment,[1] with an expected premiere in 2015 of the 2015–16 television season.[23] In January 2015, CBS Entertainment Chairman Nina Tassler revealed the show would be a procedural, saying, "There will be [crime] cases, but what [executive producers] Ali Adler and Greg Berlanti pitched was a real series arc for her. The beauty of it is now with shows like The Good Wife and Madam Secretary, you can have serialized story elements woven into a case of the week. She's a crime solver, so she's going to have to solve a crime."[40]

text: In January 2015, it was announced by The Hollywood Reporter that Melissa Benoist would star as Supergirl.[41] Benoist later revealed that auditioning for the part "was a long, drawn-out, three-month process";[42] she was the first actress looked at for the role,[43] although Claire Holt and Gemma Atkinson were also considered.[44][45][46] In March 2015, Blake Neely, composer for Arrow and The Flash, revealed he would be composing for Supergirl.[47] The show was officially picked up to series on May 6, 2015.[48] It was originally set to premiere in November 2015,[49] before being moved up to October 26, 2015.[50] The pilot episode was screened at San Diego Comic-Con International 2015 on July 8 and 11, 2015.[51] In July 2015, Adler spoke on how much influence Superman would have on the show, saying, "Our prototype is the way the president is seen on Veep. It's certainly [inspired by] so much of what Julia Louis-Dreyfus' character goes through. Ultimately, this is a show about Supergirl and we really want to see it through her lens."[52] On November 30, 2015, CBS ordered an additional seven episodes of Supergirl, for a full season of 20 episodes.[53]

text: On May 12, 2016, Warner Bros. Television announced that the series had been renewed for a second season of 22 episodes and would move to The CW.[54][55] The season debuted in October 2016.[56] With the move of the production to Vancouver, it was unclear if Calista Flockhart would remain with the series, as her original contract stipulated that she work near her home in Los Angeles. The CW president Mark Pedowitz said Flockhart wanted to remain with the series and that "We're in ongoing discussions... we're happy to have her in [in whatever capacity] works out."[57] Flockhart ultimately reached a deal to be recurring in the second season, with the production flying her to Vancouver every few weeks to film material.[58]

text: On January 8, 2017, The CW renewed the series for a third season,[59] which debuted on October 9, 2017.[60] The third season saw Jessica Queller and Robert Rovner become the series' executive producers and co-showrunners along with Kreisberg until his firing, following Adler's departure; Adler will remain an executive consultant for the series. Both Queller and Rovner joined Supergirl midway through the first season as co-executive producer and consulting producer, respectively, with Rovner promoted to executive producer ahead of the second season.[61]

text: On April 2, 2018, The CW renewed the series for a fourth season, which is set to premiere on October 14, 2018.[62][63]

text: Design[edit]

text: The costume for Supergirl was created by Colleen Atwood, who also designed the costumes for Arrow and The Flash.[40] Benoist stated that she is aware of the costume worn by Kara in more modern depictions of in the comics, and expressed that the "micro-mini hemline" of the skirt in the version created by Michael Turner could be "a little daunting ... but that's good. I like being pushed."[9] Promotional photos of Benoist wearing Atwood's design were released on March 6, 2015. Atwood indicated that she wanted to "embrace the past ... but more importantly, thrust her into the street-style action hero of today."[64][65] Atwood later revealed details about the costume such as the cape being fastened to an undersuit so as not to pull the costume and that the fabric used was Eurojersey.[66] The reveal of the Martian Manhunter costume in "Human For a Day" was created through visual effects, though a physical version was created to appear in later episodes, with it proving to be one of the most challenging costumes for the costume team.[21]

text: Reception of the Supergirl costume upon its reveal was mixed. Entertainment Weekly's Natalie Abrams commented that the new look of the costume looks and feels different in a good way. The new costume avoids exposing the character's midriff, as it does in the Michael Turner version of the costume from the comics, as well as having Benoist wear stockings underneath the skirt with over-the-knee boots. Abrams compared the texture of the costume to that worn by Henry Cavill as Superman in Man of Steel, as well as the positioning of the cape on the suit, and the decision to do away with the bright blue and red color scheme.[67] Andrew Dyce, from Screen Rant, found the new costume to perfectly balance itself between classic nostalgia and modernism.[68] The Washington Post noted that Atwood's design was successful, praising her ability to take "cartoon-y tints" and moving them to darker tones.[69]

text: E! Online was less impressed with the design, negatively comparing it to a "cheap Halloween costume", with washed out colors, and not buying into the "gritty, 'street style'" look Atwood was intending.[70] TV Guide questioned Atwood's design, and noted that although the promotional image has Benoist trying to appear as a powerful hero, the thigh-high boots and pleated skirt comes across as a "model advertising a moderately-priced Halloween costume".[71]

text: Filming[edit]

text: In February 2015, it was announced that Andrew Kreisberg, co-creator of Arrow and The Flash, had joined the series as a writer and executive producer;[15] and Arrow / The Flash and Smallville alum Glen Winter was announced to be directing the pilot.[72] Principal photography for the pilot took place from March 4[73] to March 29, 2015.[74] Filming locations included the Warner Bros. lot, where Lois and Clark was shot.[75] Each episode cost approximately $3 million to broadcast, which is one of the highest license fees ever for a first year show.[76]

text: The second season was filmed in Vancouver, rather than Los Angeles where the first season was shot. This was done to reduce the high production costs of the series, one of the issues that made CBS wary to renew the series on their network.[54] Filming for the third season began in Vancouver on July 6, 2017, and is expected to continue until April 24, 2018.[77][78]

text: Broadcast[edit]

text: In Canada, Supergirl aired in a sim-subbed simulcast on Global with the American broadcast in the first season;[79] the second season saw it move to Showcase in the same arrangement.[80]

text: The series premiered on October 29, 2015, in the United Kingdom on Sky One.[81] The series premiered in Australia on December 6, 2015 on FOX8.[82]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
Season

Critical response

Rotten Tomatoes

Metacritic

1

95% (74 reviews)[83]

75% (33 reviews)[84]

2

100% (22 reviews)[85]

81% (4 reviews)[86]

3

86% (14 reviews)[87]

TBA

text: Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the series premiere a 95% approval rating from critics and with an average rating of 7.6/10 based on 74 reviews. The site's consensus states: "Melissa Benoist shines as Superman's plucky little cousin in Supergirl, a family-friendly comic-book adaptation that ditches cynicism for heart."[88] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned a score of 75 out of 100 based on reviews from 33 critics, indicating "Generally favorable reviews".[89] Cliff Wheatley of IGN gave the pilot episode a 7/10, praising Melissa Benoist's performance as Kara and the fun take on the Superman mythos.[90]

text: Rotten Tomatoes gave the premiere of the second season a 100% approval rating from critics and with an average rating of 8.3/10 based on 22 reviews. The site's consensus reads, "The arrival of the more famous cousin in Supergirl does nothing to detract from the show's lead, who continues to deliver strength, action, and relatability."[91] Metacritic assigned a score of 81 out of 100 based on reviews from 4 critics, indicating "Universal acclaim".[92]

text: The third season holds a 90% rating on Rotten tomatoes based on 21 reviews.  The critical consensus states: "Heavier themes lead to higher stakes, but Supergirl gives its eponymous heroine and her fellow supers plenty of room for growth, creating a well-balanced engaging third season."[93]

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)
Network

Episodes

First aired

Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers(millions)
18–49 rating(average)

Date

Viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

1
Monday 8:00 pm
CBS

20

October 26, 2015 (2015-10-26)

12.96[94]

April 18, 2016 (2016-04-18)

6.11[95]
2015–16
39
9.81
2.4[3]

2
The CW

22

October 10, 2016 (2016-10-10)

3.06[96]

May 22, 2017 (2017-05-22)

2.12[97]
2016–17
129
3.12
1.0[4]

3

23

October 9, 2017 (2017-10-09)

1.87[98]

June 18, 2018 (2018-06-18)

1.78[99]
2017–18
154
2.82
0.9[100]

text: Accolades[edit]

text:
Year

Award

Category

Nominee(s)

Result

2015

Critics' Choice Television Awards[101]

Most Exciting New Series

Supergirl

Won

2016

People's Choice Awards[102]

Favorite New TV Drama

Supergirl

Won

Saturn Awards[103]

Best Actress on Television

Melissa Benoist

Nominated

Best Guest Starring Role on Television

Laura Benanti

Nominated

Best Superhero Adaptation Television Series

Supergirl

Nominated

Best Supporting Actress on Television

Calista Flockhart

Nominated

Breakthrough Performance

Melissa Benoist

Won

Teen Choice Awards[104]

Breakout Series

Supergirl

Nominated

2017

GLAAD Awards[105]

Outstanding Drama Series

Supergirl

Nominated

Kids' Choice Awards[106]

Favorite TV Show – Family Show

Supergirl

Nominated

Saturn Awards[107]

Best Actress on a Television Series

Melissa Benoist

Won

Best Guest Performance on a Television Series

Tyler Hoechlin

Nominated

Best Superhero Adaptation Television Series

Supergirl

Won

Best Supporting Actor on a Television Series

Mehcad Brooks

Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[108]

Choice Action TV Actor

Chris Wood

Nominated

Choice Action TV Actress

Melissa Benoist

Won

Choice Action TV Show

Supergirl

Nominated

Choice Liplock

Melissa Benoist and Chris Wood

Nominated

Choice TV Ship

Melissa Benoist and Chris Wood

Nominated

Choice TV Villain

Teri Hatcher

Nominated

2018

Saturn Awards[109]

Best Actress on a Television Series

Melissa Benoist

Nominated

Best Superhero Adaptation Television Series

Supergirl

Nominated

Best Supporting Actress on Television

Odette Annable

Nominated

Teen Choice Awards[110]

Choice Action TV Actor

Chris Wood

Pending

Choice Action TV Actress

Melissa Benoist

Pending

Choice Action TV Show

Supergirl

Pending

Choice Scene Stealer

Katie McGrath

Pending

Choice TV Villan

Odette Annable

Pending

text: Critics' top ten lists[edit]

text:
show2015[111]

No. 10 People
Unranked – Variety
No. 7 The Washington Post

text:
show2016[112]

No. 5 Cinema Blend

text: Arrowverse crossovers[edit]

text: In November 2014, Berlanti expressed interest in Supergirl existing in the Arrowverse, the same universe as his other series Arrow and The Flash,[113][114] and in January 2015, The CW president Mark Pedowitz revealed that he was also open to a crossover between the series and networks (due to Berlanti executive producing all three and The CW being co-owned by CBS). However, CBS Entertainment chair Nina Tassler stated that month that "those two shows are on a different network. So I think we'll keep Supergirl to ourselves for a while."[115] In August 2015, Tassler revealed that while there were no plans at the time to do crossover storylines, the three series would have crossover promotions.[116]

text: Pedowitz regretted passing on the series when presented it in mid-2014, saying, "We hadn't launched The Flash yet, we weren't ready to take on another DC property. In hindsight we probably should've gone that direction...Sometimes you lose great shows."[117] In January 2016, during the Television Critics Association press tour, he said that The CW was still interested in a crossover with Supergirl if the producers could find a way to do it,[118] and Berlanti added that while no official conversations had taken place, internal ones had concerning how a crossover would work. He also noted that for a crossover to happen during Supergirl's first season, it would have to be figured out "in the next month or so".[119] Glenn Geller, Tassler's successor at CBS, then stated on the matter, "I have to be really careful what I say here. Watch and wait and see what happens."[120]

text: On February 3, 2016, it was announced that Grant Gustin, who appears as Barry Allen / Flash on The Flash, would appear in the eighteenth episode of the first season, "Worlds Finest".[121] While no plot details on the episodes were released at the time, Ross A. Lincoln of Deadline Hollywood noted that "the in-universe reason" for the crossover was due to Barry's ability to travel to various dimensions, thus implying that Supergirl exists on an alternate Earth to the Arrowverse in a multiverse.[122] The Flash episode "Welcome to Earth-2" confirmed this, showing an image of Benoist as Supergirl during a sequence where characters travel through that multiverse.[123] The earth that the series inhabits is Earth-38 in the Arrowverse multiverse,[124] and has been informally referred to as "Earth-CBS" by Marc Guggenheim, one of the creators of Arrow.[125]

text: During the second season, Supergirl appears in "Invasion!", a crossover episode of The Flash, Arrow and Legends of Tomorrow,[125][126] when she's recruited by Barry Allen and Cisco Ramon at the end of "Medusa" to help fight off an invasion by the Dominators.[127] Supergirl and The Flash also featured in a musical crossover, featuring several covers of existing songs along with two original numbers.[26] Similar to "Invasion!", the crossover begins at the end of the Supergirl episode "Star-Crossed" and primarily takes place during The Flash episode "Duet", featuring the Music Meister as the antagonist who puts both The Flash and Supergirl in a shared hallucination.[128] After "Invasion!", Guggenheim felt "If there's an appetite for it from the fans and from the network," the crossover next year could be "a proper four-part crossover."[129]

text: At the 2017 Paleyfest event, Kreisberg reiterated the creative team's intention to do a full four-way crossover the following year.[130] At San Diego Comic Con 2017, it was confirmed that another four-way crossover would take place, with Supergirl playing a larger role than the previous season. The four-way crossover event, titled "Crisis on Earth-X", took place on November 27 and 28, 2017, across Supergirl and Arrow (on the first night) and The Flash and Legends of Tomorrow (on the second night).[131][132]

text: Other media[edit]

text: Beginning in January 2016, DC Comics launched a 13-issue, bi-weekly digital comic, Adventures of Supergirl. Written by Sterling Gates and drawn by a rotating team of artist including Bengal, Jonboy Meyers, Emanuela Lupacchino, and Emma Vieceli, the comic, while not directly tying into the show, tells stories set in the universe of the show.[133]

text: Home media release[edit]

text:
Supergirl: The Complete First Season

Set details

Special features

20 episodes
5-disc DVD set/3-disc Blu-ray set
English (Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround)
English SDH, Spanish and French subtitles
Subtitles: English

2015 Comic-Con Panel
Deleted Scenes
Gag Reel
Featurettes
The Man From Mars
Krypton: A World Left Behind

DVD release dates

Region 1

Region 2

Region 4

August 9, 2016[134]

July 25, 2016[135]

July 27, 2016[136]