document_title: New Girl

question_text: where does new girl take place in the show

text: New Girl

text: Plot[edit]

text: Jessica "Jess" Day (Zooey Deschanel) is a bubbly teacher in her early 30s who comes home to find her boyfriend, Spencer, with another woman and leaves him immediately to look for somewhere else to live. Answering an ad for a new roommate on Craigslist, she moves into a loft in Los Angeles with three men around the same age as her: Nick, Schmidt, and Coach. After the pilot episode, Winston, a former roommate and Nick's childhood friend, replaces Coach, who had vacated the apartment to live with his girlfriend. Cece, Jess's childhood best friend and a successful fashion model, frequently visits Jess and the guys.

text: The series follows the group's interactions with each other and their romantic relationships. Midway through season 1, Schmidt and Cece get involved in a mostly sexual relationship but break up at the end of the season. In Season 2, Jess is laid off from her teaching job; she and the others get involved in mostly temporary relationships, although Cece enters an arranged marriage engagement to Shivrang that is broken up at the wedding in the season 2 finale. Jess and Nick become attracted to each other, making their relationship official at the end of season 2, and it lasts through most of season 3. Coach returns to the loft in season 3 after revealing that he had broken up with his girlfriend and stays through season 4 where he moves out to be with another girl. After bouncing around several random jobs, Winston works to become a police officer with the LAPD, and falls in love with his partner Aly. At the end of season 4, Schmidt proposes to Cece, and they marry at the end of season 5. Also, in season 5, while Jess is on jury duty, the group brings in temporary roommate Reagan Lucas, whom Nick becomes interested in. In season 6, Schmidt and Cece buy a house that they have to remodel, living with the gang in the meantime. Season 7 advances the storyline three years later where Schmidt and Cece have a three-year-old daughter named Ruth, Winston and Aly are expecting their first baby, and Nick tries to find the right time to propose to Jess.

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: The principal cast of New Girl includes:

text:
Zooey Deschanel as Jessica "Jess" Day: a bubbly, offbeat teacher in her early thirties who is originally from Portland, Oregon. In the premiere episode, she moves into the guys' apartment where Nick, Schmidt, and Coach help her move on from a painful break-up with her boyfriend, Spencer.
Jake Johnson as Nick Miller: Jess's roommate who works as a bartender. At the start of the series, he struggles from a break-up with his long-term girlfriend Caroline.
Max Greenfield as Schmidt: Jess's roommate who is an overly confident ladies' man. He is a successful marketing associate in a female-dominated office.
Damon Wayans Jr. as Coach: a cocky and driven former athlete who works as a personal trainer. He appears briefly in the "Pilot" episode as a roommate, but has left in the second episode. After a break-up with his girlfriend, Coach returns to the loft after two years away and reintegrates himself back into the lives of his former roommates. Wayans once again departed the main cast this time at the end of season 4 but returns as a guest after that.
Hannah Simone as Cece Parikh: a fashion model and Jess' best friend since childhood. In spite of their differences, Cece is a very loyal and protective friend to Jess. Initially skeptical of Jess' new roommates, Cece becomes interested in Schmidt.
Lamorne Morris as Winston Bishop: a former basketball player and Nick's childhood friend from Chicago. Losing his post as point guard for a team in the Latvian Basketball League, he returns to America and moves back into the guys' apartment in the second episode.
Danielle and Rhiannon Rockoff as Ruth: Schmidt and Cece's three year old daughter, appearing in the seventh and final season.

text: Production[edit]

text: Conception[edit]

text: 20th Century Fox Television first approached playwright Elizabeth Meriwether in 2008 to develop a pilot that was eventually shelved. After Meriwether's success with the 2011 romantic comedy film  No Strings Attached, 20th Century Fox approached her once more, and she pitched an idea for a TV sitcom about an "offbeat girl moving in with three single guys",[4] inspired by her experience of "bouncing from Craigslist sublet to Craigslist sublet, for four years in L.A." when she was in her twenties.[5] This show was initially called Chicks and Dicks, and two of the characters were already similar to the final characters of Jess and Schmidt.[6] The initial idea was a Will & Grace-style comedy inspired by Meriwether's close friendship with a guy after their exes started dating each other.[7] The FOX network liked the script and pursued Zooey Deschanel for the role of Jess,[6] to whose story Meriwether felt most connected.[8] As the script developed, the plot moved on from being about the sexual endeavors of the roommates and became more socially oriented, so the title was changed to New Girl.[9]

text: As Fox greenlit the show in 2011[6] and ordered an initial 13 episodes,[10] Meriwether approached Jake Kasdan, whom she admired for his work on Freaks and Geeks blending comedy and emotion, to shoot the pilot and subsequent episodes.[6][11] 30 Rock's Brett Baer and Dave Finkel became co-showrunners, although Meriwether is still regarded as the voice behind New Girl.[6] According to The New Republic, Kasdan "helped develop the feel of the show, which is lit more darkly and cinematically than the average sitcom",[6] and Meriwether found the show working best "when you're laughing, but you're a little sad about it".[11] The show attempts to combine "comedy and drama as the five characters explore the difficulties of the decade between 30 and 40, which is when many people take their biggest steps toward maturity" in regards to relationships and careers,[12] which, unlike Friends, is giving the show a "built-in biological clock".[13] Kasdan said that "Their lives are moving forward, [but] they're still trying to hang on to some kind of crazy youth" although he does not "want them ever to seem pathetic."[6]

text: Screenwriters Stephanie Counts and Shari Gold filed an 87-page lawsuit in January 2014, claiming that New Girl was based on their 2006 script for a proposed television series.[14] There were a number of similarities, including the number of roommates, similar backgrounds, appearance, and ethnicity.  Additionally, Jess's long term partner in the New Girl pilot had the same name (Spencer) and they broke up for similar reasons (partner's infidelity).  Fox and talent agency William Morris Endeavor Entertainment LLC responded in April 2014 that in their view, the two works were not substantially similar and that any other similarities stemmed from non-protectable ideas, or scenes a faire. Thus, they pleaded that the judge dismiss the case.[15]  The case was dismissed with leave to amend in 2014.  An amended complaint was filed in 2014 and decided by summary judgment against Counts and Gold on December 30, 2015.[16]  In March, Counts and Gold were ordered to pay approximately $800,000 in attorney's fees.[17]

text: Casting[edit]

text: Movie actress and singer-songwriter Zooey Deschanel was in the process of developing an HBO show when she read the New Girl pilot script and responded to the material.[5][18] The character of Jess was not specifically written for Deschanel, but the producers found it a great match and did not need a lot of fine-tuning.[19] With the support from Fox, Meriwether wanted to make Jess a unique, interesting and funny female character[19][20] that would have been the side character on other shows.[21] Deschanel became a producer on the show and helped build the character,[7] requesting to not play the classic wife character who would be ignored by the guys she tries to keep out of trouble.[22] Meriwether's goal was to write about herself from an honest perspective,[20] with Jess mirroring her at the start and later Deschanel until Jess turned into a "hybrid of me and Zooey, the writers, and the editor".[23] Deschanel described Jess as a part of her, especially in regards to "the sort of enthusiasm and optimism" of her youth. She does not shy away from playing embarrassing scenes or being unattractive,[18] and Kasdan said that "This show advocates for the attractive dork."[19] Although Meriwether had always imagined the show as an ensemble show, Fox would later focus its first marketing push on Zooey Deschanel[24] and gave the show the promotional tagline "Simply Adorkable."[7]

text: With Kasdan's advice to cast good actors and write for them instead of shoehorning them into the other roles, Meriwether was prepared to deviate from her pitched characters during casting.[24] Basing Nick Miller on a friend also surnamed Miller,[25] she originally imagined Nick as the smartest one of the group who doesn't need to say that[26] and thought of him as "the everyman one, who's stepping away and commenting on what all the crazy people are doing around him."[24] She sent the New Girl pilot script to movie actor Jake Johnson, with whom she had enjoyed working on No Strings Attached.[27] As he had never auditioned for a TV pilot, she guided him through the audition process.[28] Casting was done mainly through chemistry tests, and Johnson auditioned with Max Greenfield, who impressed the producers in his first audition as Schmidt.[27] The actors auditioning for Schmidt were more varied in appearance than those auditioning for Nick,[28] and Johnson and Greenfield were initially worried that they looked too much alike.[29] Johnson got the role of Nick after he agreed to lose 15 pounds at the network's request;[30] Greenfield learned the same day that he was cast.[29]

text: Casting the role of the "Coach" character took longer.[27] Meriwether originally envisioned Coach as "a fat Jewish guy, like a manchild" and later as "this dumb jock [with] crazy rage problems".[24] David Neher (who would play Schmidt's so-called "fremesis," Benjamin, in two episodes) was among the 400 actors auditioning for Coach before the producers settled on Damon Wayans Jr.[27] Wayans was expecting his show, the ABC sitcom Happy Endings, to be canceled. When that show was renewed for a second season, Wayans' spot was replaced with Lamorne Morris,[31] who had also read for Coach but had been unavailable for filming the pilot.[19] Meriwether estimated that about 80 percent of the pilot would have needed to be re-shot in order to remove Wayans from the episode, since he was in one of the leading roles of the show.[31] As the producers also liked reflecting the frequent apartment changes in young people's lives,[19] Meriwether, 20th Century Fox and the studio decided to keep the characters and the plot of the pilot episode as they were.[31] Morris joined the show in the second episode of the series when the producers had already broken seven episodes without knowing what the actor was going to be able to do.[24] Wayans returned to New Girl in season 3 for a season-long arc after Happy Endings had been cancelled, and was officially added as a regular for season 4.[32]

text: Writing[edit]

text: The New Girl production offices are on the Fox lot in Los Angeles, next to those of Homeland.[12] New Girl had 11 writers during its first season[4] and 15 during the second season.[22] Stories are developed in a collaborative effort[4] and are aimed at viewers of all genders.[33] The first season had no planned story arcs, but focused on setting up the characters, while the second season was to show different sides of the characters.[4][34] Overarching storylines usually culminate at a season's end;[35] the actors are generally not told the ending.[36] Meriwether said the writers did not "have a lot of plans. I think we really just to try to go where the show wants to go."[24] The writers challenge themselves to create new stories and to change the show's dynamics to keep things fresh,[37] while aiming to be "as emotionally real as possible" with "Every story having to feel like it was grounded in some emotional arc as opposed to going from the joke into the story."[4] As the show's jokes rely on the actors' performance instead of perfectly constructed punch lines, Meriwether looks for the actors' strengths before writing.[37] The A story generally revolves around Jess and has an emotional core.[38] Still, Meriwether sees the show as an ensemble about friendship with "everybody having their own stories and people being interested in all of the characters."[23]

text: Each New Girl episode starts out as a pitch page, goes through stages of an outline and a final draft before being filmed and edited,[6] a process which may take weeks.[35] Each stage is approved by Meriwether and her co-showrunners, by the production company Chernin, the Fox studio and the Fox network.[6] One group of writers works on alternate punchlines ("alts"), while another group rebreaks a draft until they find the funniest and most emotionally resonant version. All characters are tried to be tied into the story, and determining their motivation is the major goal so that people will laugh. Before taking the script to the table read with the whole cast on Tuesday, the main writers of an episode continue working on the draft over the weekend and the executive producers polish it.[35] During the first season, Meriwether usually made a final pass at the draft alone because of her film and theater background.[4] The actors' performance influences new story ideas;[4] the actors may also hand in story ideas.[25]

text: Filming and editing[edit]

text: The main set, which was built for the pilot and is to represent a factory-turned-loft in downtown Los Angeles, got reused once the show was given a full season.[27] The apartment building exterior is the Binford Building, located at 837 Traction Avenue in the city's Arts District, with interior shots done in a studio set.[39][40][39]  The exterior shots for the bar where Nick works is of The Griffin, located in Atwater Village. The interior shots of the bar are originally from a restaurant called The Prince over in Koreatown, and were recreated in a studio set after the first season.[41][42]

text: As a single-camera comedy, New Girl is neither performed in front of a studio audience nor has a laugh track.[11] Some scenes are cross-covered (i.e. are filmed with a shooting camera on each person at the same time), to allow for better improvisations.[43] Handheld cameras are avoided for a more filmic look.[38]

text: The actors first receive the script in form of a table draft and film the episode the next Monday, by which time the story may have changed drastically.[26] The script keeps evolving during shooting.[44] The actors first perform scenes as written, then act out the alts or improvise,[5] to later allow the producers and editors to choose the gags that ultimately work best.[35] Morris estimated that 20 percent of each episode are improv.[45] Episodes are generally shot over five days,[38] which may increase to several weeks if weather conditions delay filming outdoor scenes.[35] The scenes are put together in the editing room until they achieve the emotional and comedic tone the producers are looking for.[12] The first cut of generally 27 minutes has to be cut down to the air version's 21 minutes and 35 seconds, which may air as little as a few days later. Only upon completion do the producers know what version ends up in the episode.[35]

text: True American[edit]

text: True American is a fictional, convoluted drinking game that the New Girl characters first played in the season 1 episode "Normal". In September 2012, producer Brett Baer felt the concept of the game "deserves its own episode at some point", but the writers were reluctant to repeat the established rules and rather wanted to make it fresh.[46] A version for the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election was planned but never made.[8] The game's eventual second appearance in season 2's "Cooler" was played with the strip-poker version "Clinton Rules", but the exact rules remain unclear even to the actors.[47] True American with updated rules and the resulting hangover were featured in season 3's "Mars Landing". The writers started to do new True American episodes once each year.[48]

text: After "Normal" aired, internet sources began to summarize the rules for True American, which the characters described as a mix of a drinking game and Candy Land where the floor is lava; it also involves shouting the names of American presidents.[46][49] The idea of True American came from a New Girl writer who played a similar game in college. As she could not remember the game's exact rules, the writers focused on making the game as funny on the page as possible, but only established chanting "JFK! FDR!" and walking on chairs. As the cast did not understand the game during shooting, the writers created more rules on the spot, advised the actors to "have fun, dig in, jump in" and play it as if "they'd been playing this thing for years and years and years." The high-energy feel of the game and the amounts of coverage made filming True American more challenging for the actors than normal episodes. Producers Dave Finkel, Brett Baer, and writer Luvh Rakhe, came up with most of the obscure American history facts, but much was cut from the finished episode.[22][46]

text: Fox subsequently released a set of official rules for the game, which can be summarized "There are no real rules".[50] When the promotional New Girl True American Bus Tour went through 19 American cities in 2012,[51] the writers stated lack of time rather than not knowing the rules for not writing down the rules.[46] Liz Meriwether said the game would not be easier to comprehend in later appearances, as the writers' goal is to actually make it harder to understand. She agreed with The A.V. Club that "It's much funnier if the rules make no sense."[8] As more people attempted playing the game in real life,[46] Baer pointed out that most people were "getting too drunk too fast" and did not focus enough on strategy, so the writers were thinking of establishing more rules for guidance.[46] Meriwether advised to "just trust your hearts, get really wasted, and look inside yourselves. I think you'll find the rules were there all along."[11]

text: Relationships[edit]

text: Creator Elizabeth Meriwether sees Nick, Schmidt and Winston "on the weirder side of things".[52] The producers stated learning more about the characters by seeing the actors' work and that "We probably rely on them more than we should" to define the characters.[5] For example, the producers found more variety in Nick's character in season 1 and enjoyed Johnson's improvisations, so they relayed Coach's attributed rage issues to Nick.[12][24] Nick is a childhood friend of Winston, has been best friends with Schmidt since his college days and becomes close to Jess, so his character connects the most with the other loftmates and is often part of their stories.[43] Jake Johnson (Nick) noted the contrast to the original plans for his character, as season 1 turned Nick into "an idiot, he's not keeping anyone together",[53] and that he did not fully understand his character in season 1, partly because the character might not have figured himself out at the age of 30.[54] Johnson felt that initially it seemed like Nick hated Schmidt for being a douchebag, but the show later teamed them up like The Odd Couple, showing their genuine friendship and simultaneous idiocy as they get into trouble.[55] According to Johnson, he and Max Greenfield (Schmidt) "couldn't be more different [as actors] and it's very much like Nick and Schmidt, but we both really get a kick out of the other guy" on set.[56]

text: With Winston only being added late to the show, the writers developed the Nick–Winston dynamic in season 1 and sought to figure out Winston's relationship with the other loftmates in season 2.[24] The writers noticed late during the first season that Morris seemed better suited to play a smart character and act as the loft's voice of reason,[12][24] although Meriwether found that when Winston "finally does blow up, he's crazier than all of them"[24] and that he works better "in these kind of crazy, comedic runners, small pieces of the episode"[33] that contrast the relationship dramas of the other main characters.[57] The Winston–Schmidt friendship was developed significantly in the second half of season 2 when the story focus moved to Nick and Jess.[22] The Nick–Jess relationship affects the three guys' friendship as Nick starts being more considerate of Jess' feelings regarding shenanigans.[58] Damon Wayans Jr. was planned to reprise his role as Coach in at least four episodes in the third season,[59] according to Meriwether "at a time when the roommates are at odds with each other" and "The guys are all fighting for his friendship."[60] The three guys will get intimidated by Coach's return, as he has "this alpha male aggression" and is "that macho, tough-talking guy that they all think is so cool".[52]

text: With Meriwether's openness regarding straight and gay communities,[30] New Girl also plays with the guys' sexual orientation for humor. One of Winston's recurring alternate persona is Nick's gay lover "Theodore K. Mullens", which started out as an improv of Lamorne Morris (Winston).[24] Johnson thought that Nick and Schmidt had "a pretty funny bromance" with "their own little weird will-they-won't-they".[43] Greenfield improvised kissing Nick a lot in season 1 until that the writers started putting Schmidt–Nick kisses into the script,[29] so that they shared more kisses than Nick and Jess did in the first two seasons.[30] The season 2 episode "Models" came about when Meriwether thought the show "needed a love story between Nick and Schmidt or something. We wanted to tell it like a classic rom-com story about Nick and Schmidt and their love of each other".[13]

text: Release[edit]

text: Broadcast and ratings[edit]

text: The New Girl pilot was released via on-demand, iTunes, and TiVo on September 6, 2011[61] before its September 20 premiere on Fox in the United States and on City in Canada.[62] Other international broadcasters include Channel 4 and E4 in the United Kingdom,[63] RTÉ2 in the Republic of Ireland,[64] Network Ten and Eleven in Australia,[65] and Four in New Zealand.[66] The pilot episode drew 10.28 million U.S. viewers and a 4.8 adults 18–49 demo rating,[67] making it the highest-rated fall debut for a Fox scripted show since The Bernie Mac Show in 2001.[68] The second episode made New Girl the top-rated show on television in the marketing-important 18–49 demographic, improved the rating of its lead-in hit series Glee and beat the long-running hit series NCIS and Dancing with the Stars.[61][69] At this time, Fox ordered 11 additional episodes to the initial 13-episode order, bringing the first season to 24 episodes.[70]

text: The ratings dropped considerably when the show took a break for baseball, plunging almost 20 percent to a 2.1 rating in the 18–49 audience group.[71] During the 2011–12 television season, New Girl averaged 8.22 million viewers and a 4.2 adults 18–49 demo rating. In 18–49 demo, it ranked as the fifth highest rated show on Fox and 13th overall.[72] On April 9, 2012, New Girl was officially renewed for a second season of 24 episodes;[73] Fox ordered one more episode during the second half of the season.[74]

text: On March 4, 2013, the series was renewed for a third season,[75] which premiered on September 17, 2013. New Girl's ratings were cited as an example for changed audience behavior: when including its Live+7 (days) results instead of just Live+SD (same day), the show's viewership almost doubled in the week of October 13–20, 2013 by jumping 89 percent, that week's the biggest percentage gain, to a 3.6 demo rating.[76][77] The total audience of the episode "Sister" grew by 112 percent over thirty days on multi platforms, compared to the Live+SD rating of 3.4.[78] The post-Super Bowl episode "Prince" holds the show's Live+SD viewership record of 26.30 million viewers.[79] New Girl was renewed for a fourth season on March 7, 2014 and renewed for a fifth season on March 31, 2015.[80]

text:
Season
Timeslot (ET)

Episodes

First aired

Last aired
TV season
Rank
Avg. viewers(millions)
18–49 rating(average)

Date

Viewers(millions)

Date

Viewers(millions)

1
Tuesday 9:00 p.m.

24

September 20, 2011

10.28[81]

May 8, 2012

5.61[82]
2011–12
61
8.22[83]
4.2/11[72]

2
Tuesday 8:00 p.m. (premiere)Tuesday 9:00 p.m.

25

September 25, 2012

5.18[84]

May 14, 2013

4.06[85]
2012–13
77
5.85[86]
3.2/9[86]

3
Tuesday 9:00 p.m.

23

September 17, 2013

5.53[87]

May 6, 2014

2.39[88]
2013–14
103
4.61[89]
3.2[89]

4

22

September 16, 2014

3.04[90]

May 5, 2015

2.22[91]
2014–15
138
3.42[92]
1.8[92]

5
Tuesday 8:00 p.m. (1-15, 17, 19, 21)Tuesday 8:30 p.m. (16)Tuesday 9:00 p.m. (18, 20, 22)

22

January 5, 2016

3.33[93]

May 10, 2016

2.17[94]
2015–16
125
3.69[95]
1.8[95]

6
Tuesday 8:30 p.m. (1-10)Tuesday 8:00 p.m. (11-22)

22

September 20, 2016

2.31[96]

April 4, 2017

2.00[97]
2016–17
133
2.93[98]
1.5[98]

7
Tuesday 9:30 p.m. (1-4, 6, 8)Tuesday 9:00 p.m. (5, 7)

8

April 10, 2018

1.83[99]

May 15, 2018

1.47[100]
2017–18
171
2.18[101]
1.0[101]

text: Syndication[edit]

text: The series was added to TBS's line-up on August 17, 2015. Additionally, the sitcom was added to MTV in the fall of 2015.[102]

text: DVD releases[edit]

text:
Season

Episodes

DVD release date

Region 1

Region 2

Region 3

Region 4

Season 1 (2011–12)

24

October 2, 2012

December 3, 2012

November 2, 2012

October 10, 2012

Season 2 (2012–13)

25

October 1, 2013

September 27, 2013

December 13, 2013

November 9, 2013

Season 3 (2013–14)

23

September 2, 2014

October 3, 2014

September 8, 2014

December 3, 2014

Season 4 (2014–15)

22

September 1, 2015

November 16, 2015

TBA

May 4, 2016

Season 5 (2015–16)

22

September 20, 2016

TBA

TBA

TBA

Season 6 (2016–17)

22

June 5, 2018

TBA

TBA

TBA

Season 7 (2018)

7

July 3, 2018

TBA

TBA

TBA

text: Tie-ins[edit]

text:
The Douche Journals: The Definitive Account of One Man's Genius, compiled of the many Schmidtisms from The Douchebag Jar, before Jess moved into the apartment. Released in 2012.[103] ISBN 9780062238672[104]
Season 6 episode 4 features a crossover with Brooklyn Nine-Nine, as Jess finds herself in a predicament while driving in New York City.[105]

text: Reception[edit]

text: Critical reception[edit]

text:
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, season one holds an approval rating of 84% based on 32 reviews, with an average rating of 6.83/10.
The site's critical consensus reads, "Zooey Deschanel's offbeat style gets a worthy showcase in New Girl, and while it can get awfully cutesy at times, the show benefits from witty writing and a strong supporting cast."[106] Metacritic, which uses a weighted average, assigned the season a score of 66 out of 100 based on 25 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews".[107]

text: In June 2011, New Girl was one of eight honorees in the "most exciting new series" category at the 1st Critics' Choice Television Awards, voted by journalists who had seen the pilots.[108] Robert Bianco of USA Today considered New Girl "fall's most promising new series" and praised how Deschanel and Meriwether "have shaped Jess into something we haven't quite seen before – a woman who is sweet yet crass, innocent yet sexy, beautiful yet clumsy, and brash yet irresistibly adorable." However, he noted how "Some people will be resistant to Deschanel's doe-eyed charm; others have a congenital need to insult anyone who most everyone else is praising, particularly if doing so gets them attention."[109] The Hollywood Reporter's Tim Goodman saw the show as a "mostly romantic comedy", and although Jess' adorability "might seem like a thin premise, [...] Meriwether manages to make the situations funny and lets Deschanel channel her charm – a winning combination."[110] David Wiegand of the San Francisco Chronicle would rather see the show tone down. He felt "the show's fundamental setup isn't all that inspired, but it could work with smarter writing and better direction, especially with regard to Deschanel", who, in his opinion, overplayed Jess' weird habits "to the point of overkill within the first 10 minutes of the show".[111]

text: Alan Sepinwall of HitFix considered New Girl "the best new comedy of the fall season, and the only new show I genuinely enjoyed from start to finish" because it was so well developed from the start. He praised Deschanel's "wonderful comic performance" and said that while the supporting actors "all bounce nicely off of Deschanel", the scenes without Deschanel around them fell flat for him.[112] Writing for the Daily News, David Hinckley lauded how none of the characters "settle in as the stereotypes they could easily become", and presumed that all of them would evolve and get smarter as the show progresses.[113] Lori Rack of the Chicago Sun-Times praised the actors' comedic timing and playing off each other. Despite the guys sounding "like nightmares" on paper, "they have endearing, vulnerable cores that make them likable, and occasionally, lovable. [...] New Girl didn't give me as many laugh-out-loud moments as some comedies", but instead made her "feel warm and fuzzy".[114] Rob Owen of the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette said the show's pilot was "more charming than hilarious" and "cuter than it is funny, but when it does conjure laughs, its style of humor is reminiscent of ABC's Happy Endings".[115]

text: Critics questioned the portrayal of Jess' girlishness early on.[6] Phillip Maciak of Slant Magazine initially expected New Girl as one of 2011's many new female-centric shows to "be an exemplar of this new age of empowerment, but found instead that "New Girl presents us with a narratively scattered, male fantasy of a show about a cooing woman-child in a polka-dot skirt who literally can't say the word 'penis' without giggling."[116] Meriwether stated it was not the show's goal to create a symbol and, pointing to gender double-standards, rejected opinions that Jess was emblematic of all women.[23] She "was really just writing about myself, and so my main goal is just to give Zooey, really fun, interesting things to do every week, and then just be really honest with myself about the character and present an interesting, funny female character on television."[20] Critics felt the first-season episode "Jess & Julia" was a meta reference to Jess' girliness and the initial "adorkable" ad campaign for New Girl,[8][117] but Meriwether stated the episode was more a response to a controversial New York magazine cover story about Deschanel's personality and her views on women's issues.[8]

text: Summarizing the first two seasons, Jon Caramanica of The New York Times said "Jess fit into no known mode, sitcom or interpersonal. For much of the [first] season, she remained a cipher. Her interactions with the rest of the crew were unfailingly odd—there was no common language, and that was the root of the show's comedic alchemy, or lack thereof. By the end of that first season, Jess' sharp angles had been sandpapered down a bit, but the show's second season [...] represented a change in approach that has rescued New Girl from its whimsy and turned it into one of the most reliable and reliably affecting sitcoms on television. At root, these changes sprang from the recognition that Ms. Deschanel's charms lie not in her quirk but in her empathy and warmth."[118] Variety's Cynthia Littleton summarized that "The show has drawn praise from critics for its deft mix of offbeat humor that captures the voice of contempo 20-somethings and laugh-out-loud moments, aided by Deschanel's flair for physical comedy."[119] The Huffington Post's Maureen Ryan said New Girl's second season was "doing an ace job of mixing sharp comedic moments and goofball weirdness with excellent character-building."[120]

text: Many critics considered Max Greenfield the show's breakout star in season 1;[7][12][23][121] The A.V. Club even named Greenfield's Schmidt "the year's breakout TV character" as a "douchebag with a heart of gold".[8] Salon described Schmidt as "a sort of self-created alpha male and a collection of beta male qualities [... which] are performed with such conviction they congeal into a sort of deranged machismo, one slathered in sandalwood-scented lotion. As part of this transition, Schmidt has gone from being a douchebag in the classic model—a guy who, in the pilot, constantly wanted to show off his pecs and scam girls, and seemed capable of doing so—to a douche of a more unique variety."[121] The Huffington Post's Maureen Ryan said how "Schmidt could have easily been 'the dumb guy', or the show could have exploited his status as an eminently mockable douche. But thanks to Max Greenfield's endearing depiction of the would-be ladykiller, there's a lot more the writers have been able to do with the character."[12] Caramanica lamented how Winston as the lone black character "is still an outlier, though far less so than in the first season. He's a sharp foil when other characters, especially Schmidt, get too racially comfortable."[118]

text:
On Rotten Tomatoes, season two holds an approval rating of 88% based on 16 reviews, with an average rating of 6.56/10.
The site's critical consensus reads, "New Girl's terrific ensemble cast remains its most valuable asset, and the show is buoyed by a deeper, more relatable central performance from lead Zooey Deschanel in its sophomore season."[122] After the teasing of the Nick–Jess relationship in the first season, critics named Jake Johnson the breakout star of season 2 as the characters' romance unfolded.[56][123] Saying that "Not since Ross and Rachel's tango on Friends has watching a comedy romance been so satisfying", The Hollywood Reporter said the producers "did the impossible by engaging their leads in a love story, which only strengthened the artistry of the single-cam comedy".[124] The New York Times said season 2 "erupted in fantastic and bizarre fits and starts" because of the characters' unmatched personalities, and lauded the writers for not playing up the will-they-or-won't-they dynamic. By emphasing how the characters got together, the show "made for hilarious setups [that occasionally led] to high-level Abbott and Costello slapstick. They have a modern love. [...] Together, they are fully functional. They make each other human."[118] The Huffington Post's Maureen Ryan was unconcerned about getting Jess and Nick together, as because of immaturity "they're bound to keep on making a lot of amusing and painful mistakes, sometimes with each other. Those choices can be both hilarious and sad, and New Girl has gotten a lot of mileage out of both those areas."[120] The continued Nick–Jess relationship was criticized in season 3 for dropping the characters' personalities, lack of tension,[125] and for neglecting the show's female friendship between Jess and Cece.[126] TV Guide's Natalie Abrams felt that during the first half of season 3 that "bringing them together caused that [former] spark [between them] to diminish",[127] while Hitfix's Alan Sepinwall and The A.V. Club's David Sims found that the show's perceived decline in quality had less to do with the Nick–Jess relationship but with the handling of Schmidt's cheating arc and the re-introduction of Coach.[128][129]

text:
On Rotten Tomatoes, season three holds an approval rating of 88% based on 14 reviews, with an average rating of 6.46/10.
The site's critical consensus reads, "Though it falls within a common sitcom template, New Girl brings laughter by spotlighting funny and genuine characters that are imperfect in relatable ways."[130] Season four holds an approval rating of 100% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 6.67/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "New Girl's fourth season benefits from a renewed cast chemistry reminiscent of season two."[131] The series' seventh and final season has an approval rating of 100% based on 10 reviews, with an average rating of 6.78, and a critical consensus of, "After seven years of friendship, New Girl signs off with a thoughtful, funny final season that bids a proper adieu to its colorful cast of characters."[132]

text: Awards and nominations[edit]

text: The show has been nominated for several awards, including five Golden Globe Awards and five Primetime Emmy Awards.


document_title: List of Power episodes

question_text: how many episodes are in season 4 of power on starz

root

text: List of Power episodes

text: Series overview[edit]

text:
Season
Episodes
Originally aired

First aired
Last aired

1
8
June 7, 2014 (2014-06-07)
August 2, 2014 (2014-08-02)

2
10
June 6, 2015 (2015-06-06)
August 15, 2015 (2015-08-15)

3
10
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)

4
10
June 25, 2017 (2017-06-25)
September 3, 2017 (2017-09-03)

5
TBA
June 2018
TBA 2018

tag: table

text: Episodes[edit]

text: Season 1 (2014)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

1
1
"Not Exactly How We Planned"
Anthony Hemingway
Courtney A. Kemp
June 7, 2014 (2014-06-07)
0.462[2]

James "Ghost" St. Patrick is the owner of 'The Truth' a recently opened and trendy New York City nightclub. Ghost hopes his new club's success will allow him to leave behind his previous life as a local drug kingpin, that his loyal wife, Tasha, supported to finance her lavish and self-indulgent lifestyle. But an attack by an unknown enemy threatens to tear his new life apart. With the help of his loyal friend, Tommy, Ghost must uncover who is after him.

2
2
"Whoever He Is"
Anthony Hemingway
Courtney A. Kemp
June 14, 2014 (2014-06-14)
0.614[3]

Ghost hosts a party for Vogue Magazine at Truth, while he and Tommy have to make a tough decision when their drug business is attacked. While Tasha laments Ghost's new nightclub career, he rekindles his relationship with Angela, who is a US State attorney working in pursuing Ghost's drug distributor Lobos.

3
3
"This Is Real"
John David Coles
Lauren Schmidt Hissrich
June 21, 2014 (2014-06-21)
0.472[4]

A model gets hospitalized after snorting bad cocaine at the nightclub. Ghost, Tommy and Josh investigate, while Josh suggests to involve the police. Meanwhile, the rift between Tasha and Ghost deepens when she visits the bank to find a lot of their money missing.

4
4
"Who Are You?"
John David Coles
Sascha Penn
June 28, 2014 (2014-06-28)
0.557[5]

Ghost and Tommy call a meeting between the gang leaders, while Angela plans to surveillance the encounter.

5
5
"I Gotta Go"
George Tillman Jr.
Randy Huggins
July 12, 2014 (2014-07-12)
0.528[6]

Ghost and Angela heat up their secret affair. Meanwhile, Tasha meddles with her daughters school audition, while at the same time she also interferes with the club's business. Tommy and Ghost begin to disagree over various aspects of both businesses and over Ghost's belief that gang leader Ruiz is the one behind the attacks.

6
6
"Who You With?"
George Tillman Jr.
Salvatore Stabile
July 19, 2014 (2014-07-19)
0.745[7]

Tommy makes peace with Ruiz while Angela places a wire on Nomar, a member of Ruiz's gang, so he can catch whoever was going to go make peace with Ruiz. Meanwhile, Ghost forgets Tasha's birthday, as he and Angela realize the wider effect that their affair may have. Also, Tommy's relationship with Holly deepens, and Angela has a family emergency.

7
7
"Loyalty"
Kari Skogland
Raphael Jackson Jr. & Damione Macedon
July 26, 2014 (2014-07-26)
0.754[8]

Tasha finally sees Angela for the first time. Ghost finally learns a friend may be responsible for the hits. Meanwhile, Angela attempts to stop an upcoming attack. Ghost makes a promise to Angela.

8
8
"Best Laid Plans"
Kari Skogland
Courtney A. Kemp & Vladimir Cvetko
August 2, 2014 (2014-08-02)
1.08[9]

Ghost plans a big party at Truth and makes a major decision in an attempt to become a legitimate businessman. Tommy decides to take more charge of the business.

text: Season 2 (2015)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

9
1
"Consequences"
Simon Cellan Jones
Courtney A. Kemp
June 6, 2015 (2015-06-06)
1.43[10]

Ghost recommits himself to the drug business following the failed attempt on his life.

10
2
"No Friends on the Street"
Stefan Schwartz
Gary Lennon
June 13, 2015 (2015-06-13)
1.12[11]

Tommy offers to help Ghost if he agrees to one major condition to use Angela to find out what she knows about them; Kanan's release from jail is a surprise to Ghost.

11
3
"Like We're Any Other Couple"
David Knoller
Randy Huggins
June 20, 2015 (2015-06-20)
1.11[12]

Ghost and Angela enjoy a vacation in Miami until reality intrudes on their fantasy life as a couple.

12
4
"You're the Only Person I Can Trust"
Bill Johnson
Lauren Schmidt
June 27, 2015 (2015-06-27)
1.30[13]

Ghost struggles to keep Angela, Tommy, Tasha and Simon Stern in his control.

13
5
"Who You Are and Who You Want to Be"
David Knoller
Raphael Jackson Jr. & Damione Macedon
July 11, 2015 (2015-07-11)
1.25[14]

Ghost and Tommy hustle to sell their product and pay Lobos; the FBI questions Holly.

14
6
"Why Her?"
Sanford Bookstaver
Gary Lennon
July 18, 2015 (2015-07-18)
1.25[15]

Angela learns that Jamie and Ghost are the same person; the drug syndicate welcomes a new member. Holly tells Tommy she was questioned by the feds. She handcuffs Tommy to the bed telling him to pick between her or Ghost thus ending their relationship. Tasha asks Ghost Why Her

15
7
"You're Not the Man"
Dennie Gordon
Vladimir Cvetko
July 25, 2015 (2015-07-25)
1.26[16]

Tommy becomes worried after Holly speaks with the feds. Tommy becomes paranoid and moves the drug money. Tasha wants to get a divorce from Ghost; but soon realize she will lose everything. Lobos arrives in New York; Ghost explains his actions to Angela. Angela clones Ghost's phone.

16
8
"Three Moves Ahead"
Rob Hardy
Randy Huggins
August 1, 2015 (2015-08-01)
1.04[17]

Ghost attempts to distance himself from Lobos before Angela gets to him. Ghost tells Tasha that he has a plan. Angela sees Ghost and Tommy entering a hotel to meet with Lobos. She calls for backup, both Tommy and Lobos are arrested. Ghost then messages Angela that he got a new phone causing her to toss the cloned one.

17
9
"Time's Up"
Jim McKay
Raphael Jackson Jr. & Damione Macedon
August 8, 2015 (2015-08-08)
1.37[18]

Tommy is pressured to flip on Lobos or go to jail; Ghost tries to do the right thing. Tommy goes to trial, and is later released. Shawn attempts to leave town with Tasha and the kids. Kanan sends his son Shawn to kill Ghost, but fails. Kanan finds out he didn't finish the job and later kills him.

18
10
"Ghost Is Dead"
Michael J. Bassett
Courtney A. Kemp & Safia Dirie
August 15, 2015 (2015-08-15)
1.54[19]

Bodies from Ghost's organization drop left and right, each death inching closer to Ghost and Tommy. Tasha learns of Shawn's death, believing it to have been Ghost's work. Kanan and Ghost fight with Ghost the victor, leaving him for dead and burning the evidence. Tommy learns of Ghost's involvement with Holly. Ghost reveals to Tommy that he was the one killing most of the members from the organization. Soon after, Tommy shows Ghost the fake ID of Holly and goes solo. Lobo's calls Tommy wanting him to work with him or lose everything. Angela and Ghost reconcile telling her Ghost is dead, but at the risk of her possibly losing her job. Greg threatens to put Angela and Ghost in jail. The police investigate a fire at Ghost's and Kanan's fight, revealing someone escaped, strongly implying Kanan is still alive.

text: Season 3 (2016)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

19
1
"Call Me James"
George Tillman Jr.
Courtney A. Kemp
July 17, 2016 (2016-07-17)
2.26[20]

Season 3 begins with Ghost out of the drug game, and Angela having to decide between love and honor. Also, Tasha is reeling from Shawn's death, and Tommy feels compelled to make some adventurous moves.

20
2
"It's Never Over"
Sanford Bookstaver
Gary Lennon
July 24, 2016 (2016-07-24)
1.74[21]

Ghost deals with loose ends before tangling with some new nightlife competition. Tommy confronts Tasha, who must learn to coexist with Angela. Later, Tommy finds an advisor in a former lover.

21
3
"I Got This on Lock"
Lukas Ettlin
Randy Huggins
July 31, 2016 (2016-07-31)
1.88[22]

Ghost sees an opportunity to take the clubs to the next level, but the past may catch up to him; Tommy joins Tasha in a scheme, while dealing with an uncontrollable contact.

22
4
"Don't Worry, Baby"
Larysa Kondracki
Heather Zuhlke
August 7, 2016 (2016-08-07)
1.72[23]

As the opportunity to expand the clubs evolves, Ghost is spread even thinner between Angela, the kids, business, and Tommy. While Tommy struggles with his decision, Kanan gets back into the life, and Angela starts to doubt her relationship with Ghost.

23
5
"Help Me"
Sanford Bookstaver
Damione Macedon & Raphael Jackson Jr.
August 14, 2016 (2016-08-14)
1.80[24]

Tommy searches for the person who tried to kill him; Ruiz is pressured by Greg to give up the true Ghost, while Angela attempts to keep them away; Proctor tells Ghost that he may have a new problem. Tommy kills Holly.

24
6
"The Right Decision"
Michael J. Bassett
Vladimir Cvetko
August 21, 2016 (2016-08-21)
2.11[25]

Tommy and Ghost get back together to take on a ruthless foe and enlist Tasha in hopes of evading detection by Angela and her team. Later, Tommy soldiers on, but Ghost comes undone at a vital juncture.

25
7
"Don't Go"
Rob Hardy
Safia M. Dirie
August 28, 2016 (2016-08-28)
1.84[26]

Angela reels after her breakup and faces difficult questions at work; Ghost scrambles to keep the club deal alive as he and Tommy are forced to re-enter the game; Dre learns the meaning of the La Arana card.

26
8
"Trust Me"
Jim McKay
Gary Lennon
September 4, 2016 (2016-09-04)
1.99[27]

Mike and Angela hunt for the mole; Angela gets a lead, while she must solidify Tommy's alibi; Tasha receives a warning as Tariq makes a dangerous new friend; Milan issues an edict to push a new product.

27
9
"I Call the Shots"
Magnus Martens
Damione Macedon & Raphael Jackson Jr.
September 18, 2016 (2016-09-18)
2.04[28]

Angela searches for the mole; Ghost works to regain the club deal; Kanan exerts a dark influence upon Tariq; Milan warns Tommy about the price of betrayal.

28
10
"In My Best Interest"
Michael J. Bassett
Courtney A. Kemp & Jeff Dix
September 25, 2016 (2016-09-25)
2.01[29]

While in the middle of throwing the party of a lifetime, Ghost must slip away to retrieve evidence; Tasha's attempt to save her family requires she enter an unlikely alliance, while Tommy contemplates a move that will impact everyone's present and future.

text: Season 4 (2017)[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

29
1
"When I Get Out"
Stefan Schwartz
Courtney A. Kemp
June 25, 2017 (2017-06-25)
1.68[30]

In the Season 4 premiere, Ghost's arrest for the murder of Agent Knox leaves him facing threats from a number of sources, while Tasha scrambles to raise bail as the Feds build a case. Meanwhile, Tommy tries to get comfortable in his new role and seeks help recovering Tariq.

30
2
"Things Are Going to Get Worse"
Sanford Bookstaver
Heather Zuhlke
July 2, 2017 (2017-07-02)
1.44[31]

Ghost faces harassment; Proctor works to protect his client; the team discusses strategy for taking down St. Patrick; Tommy struggles to let go of his old duties; and Tasha tells the kids what's going on.

31
3
"The Kind of Man You Are"
Larysa Kondracki
Jeff Dix
July 9, 2017 (2017-07-09)
1.72[32]

Prosecutors turn up the heat, forcing Tommy's plan to divert their attention; Teresi obtains information about Ghost and engineers a blackmail scheme; in his father's absence, Tariq seeks out Kanan.

32
4
"We're in This Together"
J. Michael Muro
Warren Hsu Leonard
July 16, 2017 (2017-07-16)
1.72[33]

Mak brings back Angela to the prosecution team and assigns her a task that brings her face-to-face with Tasha; Julio struggles to manage the primeras below him and Tommy's behavior; Tariq continues running with Kanan.

33
5
"Don't Thank Me"
Sanford Bookstaver
Raphael Jackson, Jr. & Damione Macedon
July 23, 2017 (2017-07-23)
1.79[34]

With tensions high after Proctor's disqualification, Silver warns Ghost that Tasha may have to testify. Meanwhile, now aware of Ghost's innocence, Angela struggles to find a way to stop the prosecution. As Tommy faces mounting pressure from LaKeisha around their relationship and the weave shop, he's forced to come clean about his past. An old colleague resurfaces to offer Ghost and Tasha financial support with strings attached. And Teresi sets a plan in motion to eliminate Ghost, but things suddenly change when Ghost inadvertently proves he still has value.

34
6
"New Man"
Dennie Gordon
Gary Lennon
July 30, 2017 (2017-07-30)
1.83[35]

Returning to Truth -- and life as a free man -- Ghost finds himself trapped in a new business venture. Meanwhile, Tasha and LaKeisha plan to reopen the weave shop. Tommy escapes to Chicago for a meeting with the suppliers that takes an unexpected turn. Dre and Cristobal set a plan in motion to get rid of Julio. And with Ghost released from prison, Jukebox and Kanan revisit their plan to kidnap Tariq, sending Ghost on a wild chase to save him.

35
7
"You Lied to My Face"
Sanford Bookstaver
Vladimir Cvetko
August 6, 2017 (2017-08-06)
1.69[36]

As Ghost moves forward with his new business venture, the entire St. Patrick family is thrust into a new role in the public eye. Tasha seeks out Silver's help and their relationship deepens. When Tommy returns to New York, Dre talks himself into a promotion. And when Mak tells the whole prosecution team they're suspended, they start to form new alliances to find and take down Greg's real killer.

36
8
"It's Done"
Hernán Otoño
Raphael Jackson, Jr. & Damione Macedon
August 13, 2017 (2017-08-13)
1.81[37]

When Ghost sees the location for the business is gang-infested, he re-teams with Tommy to clean it up. As Tommy threatens war, his organization starts to destabilize. And, unhappy, Tariq looks to some old friends.

37
9
"That Ain't Me"
Victoria Mahoney
Raphael Jackson, Jr. & Damione Macedon
August 20, 2017 (2017-08-20)
1.90[38]

When Ghost realizes he's getting screwed, he starts playing dirty. After meeting the boss, Angela explores other options. Tommy gets proof that paints Kate in a new light. And with people after him, Tariq hatches a plan.

38
10
"You Can't Fix This"
Rob Hardy
Courtney A. Kemp & Monica Mitchell
September 3, 2017 (2017-09-03)
2.00[39]

Ghost and Tommy seek retribution after tragedy befalls the St. Patrick family; Tasha tries to keep things together at home; Angela attempts to figure out what Ghost is hiding.

text: Season 5 (2018)[edit]

text: November 2018.

tag: p


document_title: Grading on a curve

question_text: what does it mean when a professor grades on a curve

text: Grading on a curve

text: This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: Some of this article's listed sources may not be reliable. Please help this article by looking for better, more reliable sources. Unreliable citations may be challenged or deleted. (October 2014) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: The neutrality of this article is disputed. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please do not remove this message until conditions to do so are met. (September 2015) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)

text: In education, marking on a curve (BE) or grading on a curve (AE) (also referred to as curved grading, bell curving, or using grading curves) is a method of assigning grades designed to yield a normal distribution (also called the Gaussian distribution) among the students in a class.[1] The term "curve" refers to the bell curve, the graphical representation of the probability density of the normal distribution, but this method does not necessarily use any specific frequency distribution.

text: One method of grading on a curve uses three steps:

text:
Numeric scores (or possibly scores on a sufficiently fine-grained ordinal scale) are assigned to the students. The absolute values are less relevant, provided that the order of the scores corresponds to the relative performance of each student within the course.
These scores are converted to percentiles (or some other system of quantiles).
The percentile values are transformed to grades according to a division of the percentile scale into intervals, where the interval width of each grade indicates the desired relative frequency for that grade.

tag: ol

text: For example, if there are five grades in a particular university course, A, B, C, D, and F, where A is reserved for the top 20% of students, B for the next 30%, C for the next 30%-40%, and D or F for the remaining 10%-20%, then scores in the percentile interval from 0% to 20% will receive a grade of D or F, scores from 21% to 50% will receive a grade of C, scores from 51% to 80% receive a grade of B, and scores from 81% to 100% will achieve a grade of A.

text: Consistent with the example illustrated above, a grading curve allows academic institutions to ensure the distribution of students across certain grade point average (GPA) thresholds. As many professors establish the curve to target a course average of a C, the corresponding grade point average equivalent would be a 2.0 on a standard 4.0 scale employed at most North American universities.[2] Similarly, a grade point average of 3.0 on a 4.0 scale would indicate that the student is within the top 20% of the class. Grading curves serve to attach additional significance to these figures, and the specific distribution employed may vary between academic institutions.[3]

text: The ultimate objective of grading curves is to minimize or eliminate the influence of variation between different instructors of the same course, ensuring that the students in any given class are assessed relative to their peers. This also circumvents problems associated with utilizing multiple versions of a particular examination, a method often employed where test administration dates vary between class sections. Regardless of any difference in the level of difficulty, real or perceived, the grading curve ensures a balanced distribution of academic results.

text: However, curved grading can increase competitiveness between students and affect their sense of faculty fairness in a class. Students are generally most upset in the case that the curve lowered their grade compared to what they would have received if a curve was not used. To ensure that this does not happen, teachers usually put forth effort to ensure that the test itself is hard enough when they intend to use a grading curve, such that they would expect the average student to get a lower raw score that the score intended to be used at the average in the curve, thus ensuring that all students benefit from the curve. Thus, curved grades cannot be blindly used and must be carefully considered and pondered compared to alternatives such as criterion-referenced grading. Furthermore, constant misuse of curved grading can adjust grades on poorly designed tests, whereas assessments should be designed to accurately reflect the learning objectives set by the instructor.[4]


document_title: Shameless (season 8)

question_text: who plays carl's girlfriend in shameless season 8

question_tokens: who plays carl 's girlfriend in shameless season 8

text: Shameless (season 8)

text: Cast and characters[edit]

text: Main[edit]

text:
William H. Macy as Frank Gallagher[5]
Emmy Rossum as Fiona Gallagher[5]
Jeremy Allen White as Philip "Lip" Gallagher[6]
Ethan Cutkosky as Carl Gallagher
Shanola Hampton as Veronica Fisher[7]
Steve Howey as Kevin Ball[6]
Emma Kenney as Deborah "Debbie" Gallagher[6]
Cameron Monaghan as Ian Gallagher[8]
Isidora Goreshter as Svetlana Yevgenivna Fisher

tag: ul

text: Special Guest[edit]

text:
Dermot Mulroney as Sean Pierce
Richard Flood as Ford[9]

text: Recurring[edit]

text:
Christian Isaiah as Liam Gallagher[10]
Jim Hoffmaster as Kermit
Michael Patrick McGill as Tommy
Alan Rosenberg as Professor Youens
Ruby Modine as Sierra Morton[11]
Zack Pearlman as Neil[12]
Elliot Fletcher as Trevor
Juliette Angelo as Geneva
Alicia Coppola as Sue
Scott Michael Campbell as Brad
Levy Tran as Eddie
Jessica Szohr as Nessa Chabon[13]
Perry Mattfeld as Mel
David Brackett as Duran
Sharon Lawrence as Margo Mierzejewski
Faran Tahir as Adeeb[14]
Raffi Barsoumian as Bahir
Sammi Hanratty as Kassidi Gallagher
Chet Hanks as Charlie
Tina Ivlev as Freelania Alexeyevich
Scarlet Spencer as Xan

text: Episodes[edit]

text:
No.
overall
No. in
season
Title
Directed by
Written by
Original air date
U.S. viewers
(millions)

85
1
"We Become What We... Frank!"
Iain B. MacDonald
John Wells
November 5, 2017 (2017-11-05)
1.86[15]

Fiona begins renovating and selling apartments in her new building. Frank returns from the monastery and begins to apologize to everyone he has wronged in the past. Lip tries to get his drinking problem under control while also trying to win back Sierra. Debbie gets a new job and begins night school where she's learning to become a welder. Ian tries to win back the heart of Trevor by helping teens at the youth center. Carl begins selling the meth that Monica left him and his siblings before she passed away while also staying in shape for military school over the summer break. Liam is used by the faculty of his new school to show off the school's diversity for prospective parents. Kevin learns some disturbing news about his health and Veronica tries to take back the Alibi from Svetlana.

86
2
"Where's My Meth?"
Anthony Hemingway
Nancy M. Pimental
November 12, 2017 (2017-11-12)
1.37[16]

Fiona grapples with evicting someone from the apartment building. Frank finds a job for the first time and tries to be a respectable citizen. Lip tries to sabotage Sierra's relationship. Ian goes with Trevor to a chub bar in an effort to fix their relationship. Carl tries to sell Ian's portion of Monica's meth but makes a troubling discovery about her. Liam visits a rich friend's house and is astonished by the luxury that others have. Kevin is sent off to a cancer support group and finds people he can relate to, trying to be ready for the operation that is coming.

87
3
"God Bless Her Rotting Soul"
Michael Morris
Krista Vernoff
November 19, 2017 (2017-11-19)
1.34[17]

While Kevin's tumour is benign, he becomes obsessed with being healthy and, upon researching his genetics, discovers that he comes from an inbred community in Kentucky. Fiona's evicted tenant destroys her room so Fiona attempts to find a new renter but comes into conflict with Nessa's girlfriend, Mel. Neil breaks up with Debbie. Ian continues to struggle with Monica's death. Lip tries to help Professor Yeouens deal with his alcoholism. Frank, now going by Francis, remains committed to becoming a better person. Svetlana tries to sell the Alibi, forcing Veronica to visit her in prison and make a deal, resulting in her release and partial-ownership of the bar. Monica's partner threatens the Gallaghers and they dig up her body in order to retrieve the meth.

88
4
"Fuck Paying It Forward"
Regina King
Dominique Morisseau
November 26, 2017 (2017-11-26)
1.59[18]

Frank is helping as much as he can at Liam's school, and meets a potential love interest amongst the mothers. Fiona is furious when Sean, now clean and married, returns to try and make amends. Lip is sex-crazed, and ends up sleeping with his co-worker, Eddie (Levy Tran). Ian lets a shelter girl of Trevor's sleep over to help her out of a bad spot, and gets chewed out by Trevor for it, but later they make amends, and Ian promises to try and find a living situation for some of the shelter kids. Debbie has moved back in, and is sad to be missing Frannie's growing up because of work. Carl attempts to catch a junkie breaking into houses on the block. Another black child join Liam's school. Kevin and Veronica meet Kevin's family; Kev is overwrought with emotion, whereas Veronica fears his family is racist.

89
5
"The (Mis)Education of Liam Fergus Beircheart Gallagher"
Iain B. MacDonald
Sheila Callaghan
December 3, 2017 (2017-12-03)
1.51[19]

Fiona tries to raise the profile of the neighborhood; Ian helps Trevor raise money for a youth shelter; Carl loses his scholarship; Lip stands up to a friend; Frank teaches parents about the working class.

90
6
"Icarus Fell And Rusty Ate Him"
Zetna Fuentes
Mark Steilen
December 10, 2017 (2017-12-10)
1.52[20]

After she discovers one of her tenants dead, Fiona is forced to reflect on her own life, as the rift between her and Ian grows deeper. Meanwhile, Lip enlists Carl's help to search for his AA sponsor, Brad, after he started drinking again. After having sex with Duran, Debbie has a pregnancy scare and tries to get a morning-after pill. Frank enjoys having his first-ever credit card, while Kev and V are making discoveries about their sexualities.

91
7
"Occupy Fiona"
Iain B. MacDonald
Molly Smith Metzler
December 17, 2017 (2017-12-17)
1.58[21]

Ian keeps testing Fiona's patience, and starts a "Occupy Fiona" movement next to her building. With the support of Brad, Lip tries to help Youens for his DUI trial, after the latter's fifth drunk driving conviction. Meanwhile, an unemployed Frank goes on a job hunt, while Debbie is facing a rude doctor at her own work. Carl gets close to Kassidi, one of his rehab clients, who comes up with a plan to get him easy money. An unsure Kev is learning how to sexually dominate V.

92
8
"Frank's Northern Southern Express"
Emmy Rossum
Nancy M. Pimental
December 31, 2017 (2017-12-31)
0.81[22]

Fiona considers moving into one of her apartments, while she tries to get closer to Ford. Frank starts a business, by smuggling Muslims and drugs through the US-Canada border. Meanwhile, Lip interviews new AA sponsors, and discovers something about Charlie, Sierra's boyfriend. Ian confronts a pastor preaching gay conversion, as Carl tries to reconcile his job with Kassidi, his new mercurial girlfriend. As she tries to find a new job and some money, Debbie thinks she may be pregnant again. Kev starts showing his dominating tricks against Svetlana at work, to the pleasure of V.

93
9
"The Fugees"
Jeffrey Reiner
Dominique Morisseau
January 7, 2018 (2018-01-07)
1.65[23]

Frank's business takes a turn for the worse, as it sends him on the run through the Great White North. Ian's run-in with a minister brings about some unexpected and new allies. Meanwhile, Fiona tries and fails to fit in with Ford's group of friends, while Carl's new girlfriend Kassidi suffers separation anxiety. As he gets closer to Eddie, Lip must decide whether to tell Sierra about Charlie's secret baby or not. Debbie finds a new money opportunity thanks to the dog she is watching. After a visit from a former employee, Svetlana reveals to Kevin and V how bad she feels about her current miserable life.

94
10
"Church of Gay Jesus"
Anna Mastro
Sheila Callaghan
January 14, 2018 (2018-01-14)
1.52[24]

Ian tries to get a handle on his newfound fame and attention from his "followers", as Frank finds a way to cash in. Meanwhile, Fiona struggles with her conscience as she decides to help the worker who fell off her roof. Lip deals with the sudden death of someone important to him, while Debbie starts doing some dangerous welding gigs. As Carl finds himself forced to marry Kassidi, Kev and V decide to help Svetlana to find a sugar daddy.

95
11
"A Gallagher Pedicure"
Iain B. MacDonald
Mark Steilen
January 21, 2018 (2018-01-21)
1.52[25]

Fiona's homeless tenants sue her, while barricading themselves inside her apartment. Frank considers his retirement, while Lip decides to help a terrified Sierra against her newly released father. Despite warnings, Ian wants to provide sanctuary to a runaway teen, as Carl is showing Kassidi his life before dating her. After her injury, Debbie decides to sacrifice her toe surgery over her school, as she can't pay for both. As Kev and V are unable to get her a sugar daddy, Svetlana finds an unconventional solution to her problem.

96
12
"Sleepwalking"
John Wells
John Wells
January 28, 2018 (2018-01-28)
1.73[26]

With the help of Ford, Fiona decides to "go Gallagher" to get rid of her homeless tenants and their lawsuit. Frank enrolls Liam in planning a burglary at his rich friend's house, but Liam is having second thoughts. After things got out of hand, Ian is forced to hide from the authorities. Debbie considers joint custody of Franny with Derek, in exchange for child support. As Lip makes a decision regarding his life and his relationship with Sierra, Carl tries to find a way to go back to military school behind Kassidi's back. Meanwhile, Kev and V help Svetlana to go through with her scheme.

text: Ratings[edit]

text:
No.
Title
Air date
Rating/share
(18–49)
Viewers
(millions)
DVR
(18–49)
DVR viewers
(millions)
Total
(18–49)
Total viewers
(millions)

1
"We Become What We ... Frank!"
November 5, 2017
0.7
1.86[15]
0.5
1.16
1.2
3.02[27]

2
"Where's My Meth?"
November 12, 2017
0.5
1.37[16]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

3
"God Bless Her Rotting Soul"
November 19, 2017
0.5
1.34[17]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

4
"Fuck Paying It Forward"
November 26, 2017
0.6
1.59[18]
0.6
1.26
1.2
2.86[28]

5
"The (Mis)Education of Liam Fergus Beircheart
Gallagher"
December 3, 2017
0.6
1.51[19]
0.5
1.42
1.1
2.93[29]

6
"Icarus Fell And Rusty Ate Him"
December 10, 2017
0.5
1.52[20]
0.6
1.40
1.1
2.92[30]

7
"Occupy Fiona"
December 17, 2017
0.5
1.58[21]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

8
"Frank's Northern Southern Express"
December 31, 2017
0.2
0.81[22]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

9
"The Fugees"
January 7, 2018
0.7
1.65[23]
N/A
N/A
N/A
N/A

10
"Church of Gay Jesus"
January 14, 2018
0.6
1.52[24]
0.5
1.37
1.1
2.90[31]

11
"A Gallagher Pedicure"
January 21, 2018
0.5
1.52[25]
0.6
1.38
1.1
2.89[32]

12
"Sleepwalking"
January 28, 2018
0.6
1.73[26]
0.5
1.27
1.1
3.00[33]